text: The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: caused

text: widespread

text: emigration

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: Armenians

text: in

text: various

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Armenians

text: kept

text: to

text: their

text: traditions

text: and

text: certain

text: diasporans

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: with

text: their

text: music

text: In

text: the

text: post

text: Genocide

text: Armenian

text: community

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: kef

text: style

text: Armenian

text: dance

text: music

text: using

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: folk

text: instruments

text: often

text: electrified

text: amplified

text: and

text: some

text: western

text: instruments

text: was

text: popular

text: This

text: style

text: preserved

text: the

text: folk

text: songs

text: and

text: dances

text: of

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: and

text: many

text: artists

text: also

text: played

text: the

text: contemporary

text: popular

text: songs

text: of

text: Turkey

text: and

text: other

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: countries

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: Armenians

text: emigrated

question: What is kef?

answer: Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments

text: Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments

question: What did kef help do?

answer: preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia

text: preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia

question: Where did the Armenians emigrate from?

answer: Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries

text: Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries


text: One significant part of treaty making is that signing a treaty implies recognition that the other side is a sovereign state and that the agreement being considered is enforceable under international law. Hence, nations can be very careful about terming an agreement to be a treaty. For example, within the United States, agreements between states are compacts and agreements between states and the federal government or between agencies of the government are memoranda of understanding.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: One

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: treaty

text: making

text: is

text: that

text: signing

text: a

text: treaty

text: implies

text: recognition

text: that

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: is

text: a

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: agreement

text: being

text: considered

text: is

text: enforceable

text: under

text: international

text: law

text: Hence

text: nations

text: can

text: be

text: very

text: careful

text: about

text: terming

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: treaty

text: For

text: example

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: agreements

text: between

text: states

text: are

text: compacts

text: and

text: agreements

text: between

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: or

text: between

text: agencies

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: are

text: memoranda

text: of

text: understanding

question: What are agreements between states within the United States called?

answer: compacts

text: compacts

question: What are agreements between states and the federal government called within the United States?

answer: memoranda of understanding

text: memoranda of understanding

question: In the United States, what are agreements between agencies of the federal government called?

answer: memoranda of understanding

text: memoranda of understanding

question: Nations can be careful about terming an agreement a treaty because it has the effect of recognizing that the other side is a what?

answer: a sovereign state

text: a sovereign state

question: Under what do all parties to a treaty recognize the provisions of the treaty are enforceable?

answer: international law

text: international law


text: Although the eastern image of farm life in the prairies emphasized the isolation of the lonely farmer and wife, plains residents created busy social lives for themselves. They often sponsored activities that combined work, food and entertainment such as barn raisings, corn huskings, quilting bees, Grange meetings, church activities and school functions. Women organized shared meals and potluck events, as well as extended visits between families. The Grange was a nationwide farmers' organization, they reserved high offices for women, and gave them a voice in public affairs.

title: Great_Plains

title: Great_Plains

text: Although

text: the

text: eastern

text: image

text: of

text: farm

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: prairies

text: emphasized

text: the

text: isolation

text: of

text: the

text: lonely

text: farmer

text: and

text: wife

text: plains

text: residents

text: created

text: busy

text: social

text: lives

text: for

text: themselves

text: They

text: often

text: sponsored

text: activities

text: that

text: combined

text: work

text: food

text: and

text: entertainment

text: such

text: as

text: barn

text: raisings

text: corn

text: huskings

text: quilting

text: bees

text: Grange

text: meetings

text: church

text: activities

text: and

text: school

text: functions

text: Women

text: organized

text: shared

text: meals

text: and

text: potluck

text: events

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: extended

text: visits

text: between

text: families

text: The

text: Grange

text: was

text: a

text: nationwide

text: farmers

text: organization

text: they

text: reserved

text: high

text: offices

text: for

text: women

text: and

text: gave

text: them

text: a

text: voice

text: in

text: public

text: affairs

question: who usually organized shared meals and potluck events?

answer: Women

text: Women

question: Who presided over church activities in the Great Plains?

text: Women

question: Who did barn raisings at farm on the Great Plains?

text: Women

question: Was it men or women that primarily engaged in corn huskings?

text: Women

question: Between men and women, who handled most school functions?

text: Women


text: On the Indian subcontinent, the Mughal Empire ruled most of India in the early 18th century. The "classic period" ended with the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 by the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years. During this period, the Empire was marked by a highly centralized administration connecting the different regions. All the significant monuments of the Mughals, their most visible legacy, date to this period which was characterised by the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent, with brilliant literary, artistic, and architectural results. The Maratha Empire was located in the south west of present-day India and expanded greatly under the rule of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Maratha empire. In 1761, the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat which halted imperial expansion and the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: On

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: ruled

text: most

text: of

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: The

text: classic

text: period

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: death

text: and

text: defeat

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Aurangzeb

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: rising

text: Hindu

text: Maratha

text: Empire

text: although

text: the

text: dynasty

text: continued

text: for

text: another

text: years

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: Empire

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: a

text: highly

text: centralized

text: administration

text: connecting

text: the

text: different

text: regions

text: All

text: the

text: significant

text: monuments

text: of

text: the

text: Mughals

text: their

text: most

text: visible

text: legacy

text: date

text: to

text: this

text: period

text: which

text: was

text: characterised

text: by

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: Persian

text: cultural

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: with

text: brilliant

text: literary

text: artistic

text: and

text: architectural

text: results

text: The

text: Maratha

text: Empire

text: was

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: India

text: and

text: expanded

text: greatly

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Peshwas

text: the

text: prime

text: ministers

text: of

text: the

text: Maratha

text: empire

text: In

text: the

text: Maratha

text: army

text: lost

text: the

text: Third

text: Battle

text: of

text: Panipat

text: which

text: halted

text: imperial

text: expansion

text: and

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: then

text: divided

text: into

text: a

text: confederacy

text: of

text: Maratha

text: states

question: Who ruled most of India in the early 18th century?

answer: Mughal Empire

text: Mughal Empire

question: How did the "Classic Period" end?

answer: the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707

text: the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707

question: Who was behind the death off Emperor Aurangzeb?

answer: Hindu Maratha Empire

text: Hindu Maratha Empire

question: Where was the The Maratha Empire centralized?

answer: south west of present-day India

text: south west of present-day India

question: What happened when the  Maratha Army lost the third battle of Panipat?

answer: the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states.

text: the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states.

question: Who ruled most of India in the 18 century?

answer: Mughal Empire

text: Mughal Empire

question: What event ended the "classic period"?

answer: the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb

text: the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb

question: What caused the death of Emperor Auranzeb?

answer: the rising Hindu Maratha Empire,

text: the rising Hindu Maratha Empire,

question: Where was the Maratha Empire centralized?

answer: south west of present-day India

text: south west of present-day India

question: What caused the Maratha Empire to split in 1761?

answer: the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat

text: the Maratha army lost the Third Battle of Panipat


text: The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical poetry and the veneration of icons. One of the most loved Orthodox Akathists (i.e. standing hymns) is devoted to Mary and it is often simply called the Akathist Hymn. Five of the twelve Great Feasts in Orthodoxy are dedicated to Mary. The Sunday of Orthodoxy directly links the Virgin Mary's identity as Mother of God with icon veneration. A number of Orthodox feasts are connected with the miraculous icons of the Theotokos.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: views

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: still

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: shaping

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Marian

text: perspective

text: However

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: views

text: on

text: Mary

text: are

text: mostly

text: doxological

text: rather

text: than

text: academic

text: they

text: are

text: expressed

text: in

text: hymns

text: praise

text: liturgical

text: poetry

text: and

text: the

text: veneration

text: of

text: icons

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: loved

text: Orthodox

text: Akathists

text: i.e.

text: standing

text: hymns

text: is

text: devoted

text: to

text: Mary

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: simply

text: called

text: the

text: Akathist

text: Hymn

text: Five

text: of

text: the

text: twelve

text: Great

text: Feasts

text: in

text: Orthodoxy

text: are

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Mary

text: The

text: Sunday

text: of

text: Orthodoxy

text: directly

text: links

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: 's

text: identity

text: as

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: with

text: icon

text: veneration

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: feasts

text: are

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: miraculous

text: icons

text: of

text: the

text: Theotokos

question: What are Akathists?

answer: standing hymns

text: standing hymns

question: How many of the Orthodox Great Feasts dedicated to Mary?

answer: Five

text: Five

question: What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary?

answer: the Akathist Hymn

text: the Akathist Hymn

question: Which event on the Orthodox calendar is related to Mary and icon veneration?

answer: Sunday of Orthodoxy

text: Sunday of Orthodoxy

question: Who wrote the Akathist Hymn?

text: Mary

question: How many of the of the twelve Great Feasts in Orthodoxy did Mary attend?

text: Five

question: On what day does the Mother of God allow icon veneration?

text: The Sunday of Orthodoxy

question: How many Orthodox feasts are connected with the miraculous icons of the Theotokos?

text: Five

question: What does Mary also call Akathists?

text: standing hymns


text: Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian War, but now followed Rome again for the first time since that war. A major Roman-Greek force was mobilized under the command of the great hero of the Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus, and set out for Greece, beginning the Roman-Syrian War. After initial fighting that revealed serious Seleucid weaknesses, the Seleucids tried to turn the Roman strength against them at the Battle of Thermopylae (as they believed the 300 Spartans had done centuries earlier). Like the Spartans, the Seleucids lost the battle, and were forced to evacuate Greece. The Romans pursued the Seleucids by crossing the Hellespont, which marked the first time a Roman army had ever entered Asia. The decisive engagement was fought at the Battle of Magnesia, resulting in a complete Roman victory. The Seleucids sued for peace, and Rome forced them to give up their recent Greek conquests. Although they still controlled a great deal of territory, this defeat marked the decline of their empire, as they were to begin facing increasingly aggressive subjects in the east (the Parthians) and the west (the Greeks). Their empire disintegrated into a rump over the course of the next century, when it was eclipsed by Pontus. Following Magnesia, Rome again withdrew from Greece, assuming (or hoping) that the lack of a major Greek power would ensure a stable peace. In fact, it did the opposite.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Fearing

text: the

text: worst

text: the

text: Romans

text: began

text: a

text: major

text: mobilization

text: all

text: but

text: pulling

text: out

text: of

text: recently

text: pacified

text: Spain

text: and

text: Gaul

text: They

text: even

text: established

text: a

text: major

text: garrison

text: in

text: Sicily

text: in

text: case

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: ever

text: got

text: to

text: Italy

text: This

text: fear

text: was

text: shared

text: by

text: Rome

text: 's

text: Greek

text: allies

text: who

text: had

text: largely

text: ignored

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: Macedonian

text: War

text: but

text: now

text: followed

text: Rome

text: again

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: that

text: war

text: A

text: major

text: Roman

text: Greek

text: force

text: was

text: mobilized

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: hero

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: Scipio

text: Africanus

text: and

text: set

text: out

text: for

text: Greece

text: beginning

text: the

text: Roman

text: Syrian

text: War

text: After

text: initial

text: fighting

text: that

text: revealed

text: serious

text: Seleucid

text: weaknesses

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: tried

text: to

text: turn

text: the

text: Roman

text: strength

text: against

text: them

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Thermopylae

text: as

text: they

text: believed

text: the

text: Spartans

text: had

text: done

text: centuries

text: earlier

text: Like

text: the

text: Spartans

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: lost

text: the

text: battle

text: and

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: evacuate

text: Greece

text: The

text: Romans

text: pursued

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: by

text: crossing

text: the

text: Hellespont

text: which

text: marked

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: a

text: Roman

text: army

text: had

text: ever

text: entered

text: Asia

text: The

text: decisive

text: engagement

text: was

text: fought

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Magnesia

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: complete

text: Roman

text: victory

text: The

text: Seleucids

text: sued

text: for

text: peace

text: and

text: Rome

text: forced

text: them

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: their

text: recent

text: Greek

text: conquests

text: Although

text: they

text: still

text: controlled

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: territory

text: this

text: defeat

text: marked

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: their

text: empire

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: to

text: begin

text: facing

text: increasingly

text: aggressive

text: subjects

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Parthians

text: and

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Greeks

text: Their

text: empire

text: disintegrated

text: into

text: a

text: rump

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: eclipsed

text: by

text: Pontus

text: Following

text: Magnesia

text: Rome

text: again

text: withdrew

text: from

text: Greece

text: assuming

text: or

text: hoping

text: that

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: major

text: Greek

text: power

text: would

text: ensure

text: a

text: stable

text: peace

text: In

text: fact

text: it

text: did

text: the

text: opposite

question: Which town in Italy now housed a large Roman garrison?

answer: Sicily

text: Sicily

question: Why was a garrison implented in Italy by the Romans?

answer: in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy

text: in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy

question: Who had been defeated in the Battle of Thermopylae?

answer: the Seleucids

text: the Seleucids

question: Why did the Romans decide to withdraw their forces from Greece?

answer: assuming (or hoping) that the lack of a major Greek power would ensure a stable peace

text: assuming (or hoping) that the lack of a major Greek power would ensure a stable peace

question: What loss started a decline of the Seleucids Empire?

answer: Battle of Magnesia

text: Battle of Magnesia


text: According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power plants may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, significantly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. The IEA has said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by 2060 – and half of all energy needs – with wind, hydropower and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation". "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity".

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: projection

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Energy

text: Agency

text: solar

text: power

text: plants

text: may

text: produce

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: electricity

text: within

text: years

text: significantly

text: reducing

text: the

text: emissions

text: of

text: greenhouse

text: gases

text: that

text: harm

text: the

text: environment

text: The

text: IEA

text: has

text: said

text: Photovoltaic

text: and

text: solar

text: thermal

text: plants

text: may

text: meet

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: demand

text: for

text: electricity

text: by

text: and

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: energy

text: needs

text: with

text: wind

text: hydropower

text: and

text: biomass

text: plants

text: supplying

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: remaining

text: generation

text: Photovoltaic

text: and

text: concentrated

text: solar

text: power

text: together

text: can

text: become

text: the

text: major

text: source

text: of

text: electricity

question: Which group projected that solar plant may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years?

answer: International Energy Agency

text: International Energy Agency

question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?

answer: 2060

question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet how much of the world's energy needs by 2060?

answer: half

text: half

question: Which group projected that solar plant may produce most of the world's electricity within 40 years?

text: International Energy Agency

question: What does the IAE stand for?

text: International Energy Agency

question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants will never meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?

question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet how much of the world's energy needs by 2006?

text: half


text: It's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon. In many of these verses the study of nature is "encouraged and highly recommended," and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran. Mohammad Hashim Kamali has the stated that "scientific observation, experimental knowledge and rationality" are the primary tools with which humanity can achieve the goals laid out for it in the Quran. Ziauddin Sardar built a case for Muslims having developed the foundations of modern science, by highlighting the repeated calls of the Quran to observe and reflect upon natural phenomenon. "The 'scientific method,' as it is understood today, was first developed by Muslim scientists" like Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Biruni, along with numerous other Muslim scientists.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: It

text: 's

text: generally

text: accepted

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: around

text: verses

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: dealing

text: with

text: natural

text: phenomenon

text: In

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: verses

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: nature

text: is

text: encouraged

text: and

text: highly

text: recommended

text: and

text: historical

text: Islamic

text: scientists

text: like

text: Al

text: Biruni

text: and

text: Al

text: Battani

text: derived

text: their

text: inspiration

text: from

text: verses

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: Mohammad

text: Hashim

text: Kamali

text: has

text: the

text: stated

text: that

text: scientific

text: observation

text: experimental

text: knowledge

text: and

text: rationality

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: tools

text: with

text: which

text: humanity

text: can

text: achieve

text: the

text: goals

text: laid

text: out

text: for

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: Ziauddin

text: Sardar

text: built

text: a

text: case

text: for

text: Muslims

text: having

text: developed

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: modern

text: science

text: by

text: highlighting

text: the

text: repeated

text: calls

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: to

text: observe

text: and

text: reflect

text: upon

text: natural

text: phenomenon

text: The

text: scientific

text: method

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: understood

text: today

text: was

text: first

text: developed

text: by

text: Muslim

text: scientists

text: like

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: and

text: Al

text: Biruni

text: along

text: with

text: numerous

text: other

text: Muslim

text: scientists

question: Nature and its phenomena are mentioned in approximately how many of the Quran's verses?

answer: 750

question: Al-Battani is an example of a Muslim scientist who drew inspiration from which text?

answer: Quran

text: Quran

question: Who recommended science as a way to achieve the goals of the Quran?

answer: Mohammad Hashim Kamali

text: Mohammad Hashim Kamali

question: Who argued that the Quran inspired the first practitioners of the scientific method we use today?

answer: Ziauddin Sardar

text: Ziauddin Sardar

question: Al-Biruni is a example of a scientists of which religion?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: Nature and its phenomena aren't mentioned in approximately how many of the Quran's verses?

question: Al-Battani is an example of a Muslim scientist who rejected inspiration from which text?

text: Quran

question: Who rejected science as a way to achieve the goals of the Quran?

text: Mohammad Hashim Kamali

question: Who argued that the Quran inspired the last practitioners of the scientific method we use today?

text: Ziauddin Sardar

question: Al-Biruni is a example of a artist of which religion?

text: Muslim


text: The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda was automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory. Since the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, it is the most populous Territory. Its first capital, St. George's, was established in 1612 and is the oldest continuously inhabited English town in the New World.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: island

text: was

text: administered

text: as

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: Virginia

text: by

text: the

text: Company

text: until

text: Its

text: spin

text: off

text: the

text: Somers

text: Isles

text: Company

text: took

text: over

text: in

text: and

text: managed

text: the

text: colony

text: until

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: charter

text: was

text: revoked

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Crown

text: took

text: over

text: administration

text: The

text: islands

text: became

text: a

text: British

text: colony

text: following

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: parliaments

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: England

text: which

text: created

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: After

text: when

text: Newfoundland

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: Canada

text: Bermuda

text: was

text: automatically

text: ranked

text: as

text: the

text: oldest

text: remaining

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territory

text: Since

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Territory

text: Its

text: first

text: capital

text: St.

text: George

text: 's

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuously

text: inhabited

text: English

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: World

question: What is the capital of Bermuda?

answer: St. George's

text: St. George's

question: What spin-off company took over operations in Bermuda in 1615?

answer: Somers Isles Company

text: Somers Isles Company

question: In what year did Bermuda enter British rule?

answer: 1707

question: What is the name of the company that managed the colony from 1615-1684?

answer: the Somers Isles Company

text: the Somers Isles Company

question: In what year did the islands become a British colony?

answer: 1707

question: What event occured that automatically ranked Bermuda as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory?

answer: Newfoundland became part of Canada

text: Newfoundland became part of Canada

question: What was Bermuda's first capital?

answer: St. George

text: St. George

question: What company was the spin-off of Somers Isles Company?

text: Virginia

question: Who took over the colony from Virginia in 1614?

text: Somers Isles Company

question: Who managed the colony until 1648?

text: Somers Isles Company

question: What happened in 1770?

text: The islands became a British colony

question: When was China returned to Hong Kong?


text: Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrived from Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on. By 1627, there were about a hundred local converts in the Guge kingdom. Later on, Christianity was introduced to Rudok, Ladakh and Tsang and was welcomed by the ruler of the Tsang kingdom, where Andrade and his fellows established a Jesuit outpost at Shigatse in 1626.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Jesuits

text: and

text: Capuchins

text: arrived

text: from

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Portuguese

text: missionaries

text: Jesuit

text: Father

text: António

text: de

text: Andrade

text: and

text: Brother

text: Manuel

text: Marques

text: first

text: reached

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Gelu

text: in

text: western

text: Tibet

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: welcomed

text: by

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: who

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: church

text: later

text: on

text: By

text: there

text: were

text: about

text: a

text: hundred

text: local

text: converts

text: in

text: the

text: Guge

text: kingdom

text: Later

text: on

text: Christianity

text: was

text: introduced

text: to

text: Rudok

text: Ladakh

text: and

text: Tsang

text: and

text: was

text: welcomed

text: by

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Tsang

text: kingdom

text: where

text: Andrade

text: and

text: his

text: fellows

text: established

text: a

text: Jesuit

text: outpost

text: at

text: Shigatse

text: in

question: When did Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrive in Tibet from Europe?

answer: 17th and 18th centuries

text: 17th and 18th centuries

question: When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet?

answer: 1624

question: When was Christianity introduced to Rudok, Ladakh, and Tsang?

answer: 1626

question: Who arrived in Western Tibet in 1642?

question: Where did Father Antonio de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reach in 1642?

text: the kingdom of Gelu

question: How many converts were there by 1672?

text: about a hundred

question: What was established in 1662?

text: a Jesuit outpost


text: The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, was summoned to the Argentine government as protest against the claim. Argentine–UK relations had previously been damaged throughout 2012 due to disputes over the sovereignty of the nearby Falkland Islands, and the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: Argentine

text: British

text: and

text: Chilean

text: claims

text: all

text: overlap

text: and

text: have

text: caused

text: friction

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: British

text: Foreign

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: Office

text: named

text: a

text: previously

text: unnamed

text: area

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: Land

text: in

text: tribute

text: to

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: 's

text: Diamond

text: Jubilee

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: UK

text: ambassador

text: to

text: Argentina

text: John

text: Freeman

text: was

text: summoned

text: to

text: the

text: Argentine

text: government

text: as

text: protest

text: against

text: the

text: claim

text: Argentine

text: UK

text: relations

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: damaged

text: throughout

text: due

text: to

text: disputes

text: over

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: nearby

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: Falklands

text: War

question: What did the British claim in 2012?

answer: Queen Elizabeth Land

text: Queen Elizabeth Land

question: To what was the claim of land in tribute?

answer: Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee

text: Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee

question: What was the response of the Argentine response to the British land claim?

answer: protest

text: protest

question: Of what war was 2012 the anniversary?

answer: Falklands War

text: Falklands War

question: When did the British claim Queen Elizabeth Land in Antarctica?

answer: 18 December 2012

text: 18 December 2012

question: What happened on 12 December 2018?

question: What happened on 12 December 2012?

question: What islands were fought over in the 30th Falklands War?

text: Falkland Islands


text: Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13. Tzu Chi was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort. China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Beijing

text: accepted

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: the

text: Tzu

text: Chi

text: Foundation

text: from

text: Taiwan

text: late

text: on

text: May

text: Tzu

text: Chi

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: force

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: rescue

text: effort

text: China

text: stated

text: it

text: would

text: gratefully

text: accept

text: international

text: help

text: to

text: cope

text: with

text: the

text: quake

question: What Foundation wanted to aid Beijing?

answer: the Tzu Chi Foundation

text: the Tzu Chi Foundation

question: Where was the foundation based?

answer: Taiwan

text: Taiwan

question: When did Beijing agree to aid from Taiwan?

answer: late on May 13

text: late on May 13

question: What was the first group from outside China to join in the relief operation?

answer: Tzu Chi Foundation

text: Tzu Chi Foundation

question: What did China say they would accept?

answer: international help

text: international help

question: What did China need help for?

answer: cope with the quake

text: cope with the quake


text: Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves. In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age. This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970. With these two stipulations, the Pope filled several positions with younger bishops and cardinals, and further internationalized the Roman Curia in light of several resignations due to age.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Paul

text: VI

text: revolutionized

text: papal

text: elections

text: by

text: ordering

text: that

text: only

text: cardinals

text: below

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: eighty

text: might

text: participate

text: in

text: future

text: conclaves

text: In

text: Ecclesiae

text: Sanctae

text: his

text: motu

text: proprio

text: of

text: August

text: he

text: further

text: invited

text: all

text: bishops

text: to

text: offer

text: their

text: retirement

text: to

text: the

text: pontiff

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: their

text: year

text: of

text: age

text: This

text: requirement

text: was

text: extended

text: to

text: all

text: Cardinals

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: on

text: November

text: With

text: these

text: two

text: stipulations

text: the

text: Pope

text: filled

text: several

text: positions

text: with

text: younger

text: bishops

text: and

text: cardinals

text: and

text: further

text: internationalized

text: the

text: Roman

text: Curia

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: several

text: resignations

text: due

text: to

text: age

question: At what age were cardinals restricted by Paul Vi from participating in conclaves?

answer: eighty

text: eighty

question: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI?

answer: 75

question: At what age were cardinals subsequently required to retire in an edict issued in 1970?

answer: 75

question: What did Paul VI over hall with age and retirement restrictions?

answer: papal elections

text: papal elections

question: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued?

answer: 1966


text: In the past several decades, Ann Arbor has grappled with the effects of sharply rising land values, gentrification, and urban sprawl stretching into outlying countryside. On 4 November 2003, voters approved a greenbelt plan under which the city government bought development rights on agricultural parcels of land adjacent to Ann Arbor to preserve them from sprawling development. Since then, a vociferous local debate has hinged on how and whether to accommodate and guide development within city limits. Ann Arbor consistently ranks in the "top places to live" lists published by various mainstream media outlets every year. In 2008, it was ranked by CNNMoney.com 27th out of 100 "America's best small cities". And in the year 2010, Forbes listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the United States of America.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: several

text: decades

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: has

text: grappled

text: with

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: sharply

text: rising

text: land

text: values

text: gentrification

text: and

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: stretching

text: into

text: outlying

text: countryside

text: On

text: November

text: voters

text: approved

text: a

text: greenbelt

text: plan

text: under

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: government

text: bought

text: development

text: rights

text: on

text: agricultural

text: parcels

text: of

text: land

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: to

text: preserve

text: them

text: from

text: sprawling

text: development

text: Since

text: then

text: a

text: vociferous

text: local

text: debate

text: has

text: hinged

text: on

text: how

text: and

text: whether

text: to

text: accommodate

text: and

text: guide

text: development

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: consistently

text: ranks

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: places

text: to

text: live

text: lists

text: published

text: by

text: various

text: mainstream

text: media

text: outlets

text: every

text: year

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: ranked

text: by

text: CNNMoney.com

text: out

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: best

text: small

text: cities

text: And

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: Forbes

text: listed

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: liveable

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

question: Which magazine listed Ann Arbor as one of the most liveable cities in the USA?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: For the past few years, what effects has the city Ann Arbor grappled with?

answer: sharply rising land values

text: sharply rising land values

question: What plan did the city voters approve in 2003?

answer: greenbelt plan

text: greenbelt plan

question: What kind of plan did voters approve on November 4, 2300?

text: greenbelt plan

question: What year was Ann Arbor listed 27th by Forbes?

question: What year was Ann Arbor listed as one of the most liveable cities by CNNMoney.com?


text: Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments, including projectile points, beads, and statuettes. But what allowed forest clearance on a large scale was the polished stone axe above all other tools. Together with the adze, fashioning wood for shelter, structures and canoes for example, this enabled them to exploit their newly won farmland.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Neolithic

text: people

text: were

text: skilled

text: farmers

text: manufacturing

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: tools

text: necessary

text: for

text: the

text: tending

text: harvesting

text: and

text: processing

text: of

text: crops

text: such

text: as

text: sickle

text: blades

text: and

text: grinding

text: stones

text: and

text: food

text: production

text: e.g.

text: pottery

text: bone

text: implements

text: They

text: were

text: also

text: skilled

text: manufacturers

text: of

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: stone

text: tools

text: and

text: ornaments

text: including

text: projectile

text: points

text: beads

text: and

text: statuettes

text: But

text: what

text: allowed

text: forest

text: clearance

text: on

text: a

text: large

text: scale

text: was

text: the

text: polished

text: stone

text: axe

text: above

text: all

text: other

text: tools

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: adze

text: fashioning

text: wood

text: for

text: shelter

text: structures

text: and

text: canoes

text: for

text: example

text: this

text: enabled

text: them

text: to

text: exploit

text: their

text: newly

text: won

text: farmland

question: What type of occupation were Neolithic people considered to be proficient at?

answer: farmers

text: farmers

question: What purposes were the production of farm tools used for?

answer: tending, harvesting and processing of crops

text: tending, harvesting and processing of crops

question: What types of tools did early farmers use for crops?

answer: sickle blades and grinding stones

text: sickle blades and grinding stones

question: What types of tools did early farmers use for food production?

answer: pottery, bone implements)

text: pottery, bone implements)

question: What tool allowed early farmers to convert forest into arable land?

answer: stone axe

text: stone axe

question: What type of occupation were manufacturers considered to be proficient at?

text: farmers

question: What purposes were the production of statuettes used for?

question: What types of tools did early farmers use for shelter?

text: pottery, bone implements

question: What tool allowed early manufacturers to convert forest into arable land?

text: stone axe


text: Dominic sought to establish a new kind of order, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders like the Benedictines to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities, but with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy. Dominic's new order was to be a preaching order, trained to preach in the vernacular languages. Rather than earning their living on vast farms as the monasteries had done, the new friars would survive by begging, "selling" themselves through persuasive preaching.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Dominic

text: sought

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: new

text: kind

text: of

text: order

text: one

text: that

text: would

text: bring

text: the

text: dedication

text: and

text: systematic

text: education

text: of

text: the

text: older

text: monastic

text: orders

text: like

text: the

text: Benedictines

text: to

text: bear

text: on

text: the

text: religious

text: problems

text: of

text: the

text: burgeoning

text: population

text: of

text: cities

text: but

text: with

text: more

text: organizational

text: flexibility

text: than

text: either

text: monastic

text: orders

text: or

text: the

text: secular

text: clergy

text: Dominic

text: 's

text: new

text: order

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: preaching

text: order

text: trained

text: to

text: preach

text: in

text: the

text: vernacular

text: languages

text: Rather

text: than

text: earning

text: their

text: living

text: on

text: vast

text: farms

text: as

text: the

text: monasteries

text: had

text: done

text: the

text: new

text: friars

text: would

text: survive

text: by

text: begging

text: selling

text: themselves

text: through

text: persuasive

text: preaching

question: The Dominican Order received influence from what monastic order?

answer: the Benedictines

text: the Benedictines

question: What type of order was the Dominican Order?

answer: a preaching order

text: a preaching order

question: What did previous religious orders do for a living?

answer: farms

text: farms

question: How did the Dominican Order earn money?

answer: by begging

text: by begging

question: What did Dominic not seek to do?

question: What order did not influence the Dominican Order?

text: the Benedictines

question: What did the Dominican Order not seek to be?

question: How did previous religious orders not do for a living?

text: earning their living on vast farms


text: Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri. The caste communities residing in Himachal include the Khatri, Brahmins of the Hindu Faith and the Sikh Brahmin Caste Bhatra, Rajputs, Gujjars, Gaddis, Ghirth (choudhary), Kannets, Rathis and Kolis, Sood There are tribal populations in the state which mainly comprise Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis.The people Of Himachal Pradesh are very simple and live a traditional ´Pahari' lifestyle.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Himachal

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: states

text: that

text: had

text: remained

text: largely

text: untouched

text: by

text: external

text: customs

text: largely

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: difficult

text: terrain

text: With

text: the

text: technological

text: advancements

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: changed

text: very

text: rapidly

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: multireligional

text: multicultural

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: multilingual

text: state

text: like

text: other

text: Indian

text: states

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: languages

text: includes

text: Hindi

text: Pahari

text: Dogri

text: Mandeali

text: Kangri

text: Mandyali

text: Gojri

text: and

text: Kinnauri

text: The

text: caste

text: communities

text: residing

text: in

text: Himachal

text: include

text: the

text: Khatri

text: Brahmins

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Faith

text: and

text: the

text: Sikh

text: Brahmin

text: Caste

text: Bhatra

text: Rajputs

text: Gujjars

text: Gaddis

text: Ghirth

text: choudhary

text: Kannets

text: Rathis

text: and

text: Kolis

text: Sood

text: There

text: are

text: tribal

text: populations

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: which

text: mainly

text: comprise

text: Kinnars

text: Pangawals

text: Sulehria

text: and

text: Lahaulis

text: The

text: people

text: Of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: are

text: very

text: simple

text: and

text: live

text: a

text: traditional

text: Pahari

text: lifestyle

question: Who was largely untouched by external customs?

answer: Himachal

text: Himachal

question: What has made the state change very rapidly?

answer: technological advancements

text: technological advancements

question: Himachal is?

answer: multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states

text: multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states

question: What are the common languages spoken?

answer: Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri

text: Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri

question: Who makes up the tribal populations?

answer: Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis

text: Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis

question: Why was Dogri untouched by external customs?

text: largely due to its difficult terrain

question: What has caused rapid changes in Gojri?

text: technological advancements

question: What aspects does Mandeali have like other Indian states?

question: What are some languages spoken in Gaddis?

question: What groups comprise the tribal populations in Dogri?


text: The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 83,085 crores (for the year 2004–05) and a per capita income of Rs. 53,976($1,200). In the year 2008–09 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs.1,16,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs.1,35,814 ($3,018) in 2009–10 fiscal. New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: The

text: Government

text: of

text: National

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: of

text: Delhi

text: does

text: not

text: release

text: any

text: economic

text: figures

text: specifically

text: for

text: New

text: Delhi

text: but

text: publishes

text: an

text: official

text: economic

text: report

text: on

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Delhi

text: annually

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Economic

text: Survey

text: of

text: Delhi

text: the

text: metropolis

text: has

text: a

text: net

text: State

text: Domestic

text: Product

text: SDP

text: of

text: Rs

text: crores

text: for

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: a

text: per

text: capita

text: income

text: of

text: Rs

text: In

text: the

text: year

text: New

text: Delhi

text: had

text: a

text: Per

text: Capita

text: Income

text: of

text: grew

text: by

text: to

text: reach

text: in

text: fiscal

text: New

text: Delhi

text: 's

text: Per

text: Capita

text: GDP

text: at

text: PPP

text: was

text: at

text: during

text: fiscal

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: richest

text: cities

text: in

text: India

text: The

text: tertiary

text: sector

text: contributes

text: of

text: Delhi

text: 's

text: gross

text: SDP

text: followed

text: by

text: secondary

text: and

text: primary

text: sectors

text: with

text: and

text: contribution

text: respectively

question: What government body is responsible for releasing the annual official economic report for Delhi?

answer: The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi

text: The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi

question: What was the 2004-05 State Domestic Product of Delhi?

answer: 83,085 crores

text: 83,085 crores

question: What was the 2008-09 Per Capita income of New Delhi?

answer: Rs.1,16,886

question: What was New Delhi's Per Capita GDP in dollars for 2009-10?

answer: $6,860

question: New Delhi's Per Capita income grew by what percentage in 2009-10?

answer: 16.2%


text: The Section d'Or, also known as Groupe de Puteaux, founded by some of the most conspicuous Cubists, was a collective of painters, sculptors and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism, active from 1911 through about 1914, coming to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépendants. The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912, was arguably the most important pre-World War I Cubist exhibition; exposing Cubism to a wide audience. Over 200 works were displayed, and the fact that many of the artists showed artworks representative of their development from 1909 to 1912 gave the exhibition the allure of a Cubist retrospective.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: Section

text: d'Or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Groupe

text: de

text: Puteaux

text: founded

text: by

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: conspicuous

text: Cubists

text: was

text: a

text: collective

text: of

text: painters

text: sculptors

text: and

text: critics

text: associated

text: with

text: Cubism

text: and

text: Orphism

text: active

text: from

text: through

text: about

text: coming

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: their

text: controversial

text: showing

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: des

text: Indépendants

text: The

text: Salon

text: de

text: la

text: Section

text: d'Or

text: at

text: the

text: Galerie

text: La

text: Boétie

text: in

text: Paris

text: October

text: was

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: pre

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: Cubist

text: exhibition

text: exposing

text: Cubism

text: to

text: a

text: wide

text: audience

text: Over

text: works

text: were

text: displayed

text: and

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: artists

text: showed

text: artworks

text: representative

text: of

text: their

text: development

text: from

text: to

text: gave

text: the

text: exhibition

text: the

text: allure

text: of

text: a

text: Cubist

text: retrospective

question: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912?

answer: Over 200

text: Over 200

question: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1922?

text: Over 200

question: What was also known as Non-Groupe de Puteaux?

text: The Section d'Or

question: What's another term for The Section d'voures?

text: Groupe de Puteaux

question: What was developed in 1913?

text: Cubist retrospective


text: From 1792, when the Mint Act was passed, the dollar was defined as 371.25 grains (24.056 g) of silver. Many historians[who?] erroneously assume gold was standardized at a fixed rate in parity with silver; however, there is no evidence of Congress making this law. This has to do with Alexander Hamilton's suggestion to Congress of a fixed 15:1 ratio of silver to gold, respectively. The gold coins that were minted however, were not given any denomination whatsoever and traded for a market value relative to the Congressional standard of the silver dollar. 1834 saw a shift in the gold standard to 23.2 grains (1.50 g), followed by a slight adjustment to 23.22 grains (1.505 g) in 1837 (16:1 ratio).[citation needed]

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: From

text: when

text: the

text: Mint

text: Act

text: was

text: passed

text: the

text: dollar

text: was

text: defined

text: as

text: grains

text: g

text: of

text: silver

text: Many

text: historians[who

text: erroneously

text: assume

text: gold

text: was

text: standardized

text: at

text: a

text: fixed

text: rate

text: in

text: parity

text: with

text: silver

text: however

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: of

text: Congress

text: making

text: this

text: law

text: This

text: has

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: Alexander

text: Hamilton

text: 's

text: suggestion

text: to

text: Congress

text: of

text: a

text: fixed

text: ratio

text: of

text: silver

text: to

text: gold

text: respectively

text: The

text: gold

text: coins

text: that

text: were

text: minted

text: however

text: were

text: not

text: given

text: any

text: denomination

text: whatsoever

text: and

text: traded

text: for

text: a

text: market

text: value

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: Congressional

text: standard

text: of

text: the

text: silver

text: dollar

text: saw

text: a

text: shift

text: in

text: the

text: gold

text: standard

text: to

text: grains

text: g

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: slight

text: adjustment

text: to

text: grains

text: g

text: in

text: ratio).[citation

text: needed

question: When was the Mint Act passed?

answer: 1792

question: How many grains of silver did the Mint Act define the dollar as?

answer: 371.25

question: Who suggested that the ratio of silver to gold should be fixed?

answer: Alexander Hamilton

text: Alexander Hamilton

question: What market value were gold coins traded in relation to?

answer: Congressional standard of the silver dollar

text: Congressional standard of the silver dollar

question: In what year did the shift in gold standard occur?

answer: 1834

question: When was the Standard Act passed?

question: How many grains of gold did the Mint Act define the dollar as?

question: Who suggested that the ratio of silver to dollars should be fixed?

text: Alexander Hamilton

question: What market value were other silver coins traded in relation to?

question: In what year did the shift in silver standard occur?


text: An unexpected adverse effect of daylight saving time may lie in the fact that an extra part of morning rush hour traffic occurs before dawn and traffic emissions then cause higher air pollution than during daylight hours.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: An

text: unexpected

text: adverse

text: effect

text: of

text: daylight

text: saving

text: time

text: may

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: an

text: extra

text: part

text: of

text: morning

text: rush

text: hour

text: traffic

text: occurs

text: before

text: dawn

text: and

text: traffic

text: emissions

text: then

text: cause

text: higher

text: air

text: pollution

text: than

text: during

text: daylight

text: hours

question: Do emissions from vehicle exhaust cause lower or higher pollution before dawn?

answer: higher

text: higher

question: Does DST mean more rush hour traffic is on the road before dawn or after?

answer: before dawn

text: before dawn

question: What kind of pollution is caused by emissions from cars while they're sitting in traffic?

answer: air pollution

text: air pollution


text: Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality."

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Previous

text: post

text: Furman

text: mass

text: clemencies

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: in

text: New

text: Mexico

text: when

text: Governor

text: Toney

text: Anaya

text: commuted

text: all

text: death

text: sentences

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: personal

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: In

text: outgoing

text: Ohio

text: Governor

text: Dick

text: Celeste

text: commuted

text: the

text: sentences

text: of

text: eight

text: prisoners

text: among

text: them

text: all

text: four

text: women

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: death

text: row

text: And

text: during

text: his

text: two

text: terms

text: as

text: Florida

text: 's

text: Governor

text: Bob

text: Graham

text: although

text: a

text: strong

text: death

text: penalty

text: supporter

text: who

text: had

text: overseen

text: the

text: first

text: post

text: Furman

text: involuntary

text: execution

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: others

text: agreed

text: to

text: commute

text: the

text: sentences

text: of

text: six

text: people

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: possible

text: innocence

text: or

text: disproportionality

question: Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986?

answer: Toney Anaya

text: Toney Anaya

question: Of what state was Toney Anaya governor?

answer: New Mexico

text: New Mexico

question: Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991?

answer: Dick Celeste

text: Dick Celeste

question: How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991?

answer: four

text: four

question: In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?

answer: 1979

question: Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1936?

text: Toney Anaya

question: Of what state was Toney Anaya senator?

text: New Mexico

question: Who was Governor of Nebraska in 1991?

text: Dick Celeste

question: How many men were on Ohio's death row in 1991?

text: four

question: In what year did Bob Graham become Senator of Florida?


text: Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Architecture

text: Latin

text: architectura

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: ἀρχιτέκτων

text: arkhitekton

text: architect

text: from

text: ἀρχι-

text: chief

text: and

text: τέκτων

text: builder

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: planning

text: designing

text: and

text: constructing

text: buildings

text: and

text: other

text: physical

text: structures

text: Architectural

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: material

text: form

text: of

text: buildings

text: are

text: often

text: perceived

text: as

text: cultural

text: symbols

text: and

text: as

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: Historical

text: civilizations

text: are

text: often

text: identified

text: with

text: their

text: surviving

text: architectural

text: achievements

question: What is the latin word for architecture?

answer: Architectural

text: Architectural

question: In what language does the word "architecture" have its origins?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What two words is "architecture" a combination of?

answer: ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder"

text: ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder"

question: Architecture involves the creation of what?

answer: buildings and other physical structures

text: buildings and other physical structures

question: Aside from symbolizing cultures, what else are architectural works thought of as?

answer: as works of art

text: as works of art

question: What can extant architectural works be used to identify?

answer: Historical civilizations

text: Historical civilizations

question: What is the french word for architecture?

text: arkhitekton

question: What is the Italian word for architecture?

text: chief

question: What do you call the destruction of buildings?

text: Architecture

question: What structures never be viewed as both works of art and symbols of certain cultures?

text: Architectural works

question: Civilizations from the past will never be identified by what surviving structures?

text: architectural achievements


text: Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do not readily wrinkle, and do not require ironing. Some clothing is permanent press, having been treated with a coating (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) that suppresses wrinkles and creates a smooth appearance without ironing.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Many

text: kinds

text: of

text: clothing

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: ironed

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: worn

text: to

text: remove

text: wrinkles

text: Most

text: modern

text: formal

text: and

text: semi

text: formal

text: clothing

text: is

text: in

text: this

text: category

text: for

text: example

text: dress

text: shirts

text: and

text: suits

text: Ironed

text: clothes

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: look

text: clean

text: fresh

text: and

text: neat

text: Much

text: contemporary

text: casual

text: clothing

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: knit

text: materials

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: readily

text: wrinkle

text: and

text: do

text: not

text: require

text: ironing

text: Some

text: clothing

text: is

text: permanent

text: press

text: having

text: been

text: treated

text: with

text: a

text: coating

text: such

text: as

text: polytetrafluoroethylene

text: that

text: suppresses

text: wrinkles

text: and

text: creates

text: a

text: smooth

text: appearance

text: without

text: ironing

question: What's the point of ironing clothing?

answer: to remove wrinkles

text: to remove wrinkles

question: What type of clothing is believed to look neat, fresh and clean?

answer: Ironed

text: Ironed

question: What material doesn't easily wrinkle?

answer: knit

text: knit

question: Permanent press materials have been treated with what?

answer: a coating

text: a coating

question: What does polytetrafluoroethylene suppress?

answer: wrinkles

text: wrinkles

question: Many what are designed to be ironed?

text: clothing

question: What material wrinkles easily?

text: knit

question: What type of closing encourages wrinkles?

text: permanent press,

question: It does not suppress wrinkles?

text: polytetrafluoroethylene

question: Doing what creates a rough appearance without ironing?


text: Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 35 founded in 1717 exists on an island near Venice, Italy. There are also remnants of formerly populous communities in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.[citation needed]

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Small

text: Armenian

text: trading

text: and

text: religious

text: communities

text: have

text: existed

text: outside

text: of

text: Armenia

text: for

text: centuries

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: community

text: has

text: existed

text: for

text: over

text: a

text: millennium

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: walled

text: Old

text: City

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Quarter

text: An

text: Armenian

text: Catholic

text: monastic

text: community

text: of

text: founded

text: in

text: exists

text: on

text: an

text: island

text: near

text: Venice

text: Italy

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: remnants

text: of

text: formerly

text: populous

text: communities

text: in

text: India

text: Myanmar

text: Thailand

text: Belgium

text: Portugal

text: Italy

text: Poland

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: Bulgaria

text: Romania

text: Serbia

text: Ethiopia

text: Sudan

text: and

text: Egypt.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the Armenian Quarter?

answer: one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem

text: one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem

question: How many people live in the Armenian monastery in or near Italy?

answer: 35

question: When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded?

answer: 1717

question: What religion is the Italian Armenian monastery?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

question: Where is the Italian Armenian monastery?

answer: on an island near Venice

text: on an island near Venice

question: How long have Catholic communities existed outside Austria?

text: centuries

question: What is the Italian Quarter?

question: When was Venice, Italy founded?

question: Where is the Hungarian monastery?

text: on an island near Venice, Italy

question: How many people live in the Austrian monastery near Jerusalem?


text: Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low interaction between discrete hubs, the disease can jump to and spread in a susceptible hub via a single or few interactions with an infected hub. Thus, infection rates in small-world networks can be reduced somewhat if interactions between individuals within infected hubs are eliminated (Figure 1). However, infection rates can be drastically reduced if the main focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps between hubs. The use of needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users with HIV is an example of the successful implementation of this treatment method.  Another example is the use of ring culling or vaccination of potentially susceptible livestock in adjacent farms to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus in 2001.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Another

text: effective

text: way

text: to

text: decrease

text: the

text: transmission

text: rate

text: of

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: is

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: small

text: world

text: networks

text: In

text: epidemics

text: there

text: are

text: often

text: extensive

text: interactions

text: within

text: hubs

text: or

text: groups

text: of

text: infected

text: individuals

text: and

text: other

text: interactions

text: within

text: discrete

text: hubs

text: of

text: susceptible

text: individuals

text: Despite

text: the

text: low

text: interaction

text: between

text: discrete

text: hubs

text: the

text: disease

text: can

text: jump

text: to

text: and

text: spread

text: in

text: a

text: susceptible

text: hub

text: via

text: a

text: single

text: or

text: few

text: interactions

text: with

text: an

text: infected

text: hub

text: Thus

text: infection

text: rates

text: in

text: small

text: world

text: networks

text: can

text: be

text: reduced

text: somewhat

text: if

text: interactions

text: between

text: individuals

text: within

text: infected

text: hubs

text: are

text: eliminated

text: Figure

text: However

text: infection

text: rates

text: can

text: be

text: drastically

text: reduced

text: if

text: the

text: main

text: focus

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: prevention

text: of

text: transmission

text: jumps

text: between

text: hubs

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: needle

text: exchange

text: programs

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: density

text: of

text: drug

text: users

text: with

text: HIV

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: successful

text: implementation

text: of

text: this

text: treatment

text: method

text: Another

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: ring

text: culling

text: or

text: vaccination

text: of

text: potentially

text: susceptible

text: livestock

text: in

text: adjacent

text: farms

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: foot

text: and

text: mouth

text: virus

text: in

question: Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what?

answer: transmission rate of infectious diseases

text: transmission rate of infectious diseases

question: What type of interactions happen within groups of infected individuals in epidemics?

answer: extensive interactions

text: extensive interactions

question: What is a way of drastically reducing infection rates?

answer: focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps

text: focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps

question: What is an example of a success implementation of preventing transmission jumps?

answer: needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users

text: needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users

question: When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus?

answer: 2001

question: What does recognizing the effects of small-world networks allow one to increase?

question: What type of interactions stop within groups of infected individuals in epidemics?

text: extensive interactions

question: What is a way of drastically harming infection rates?

question: What is an example of a successful implementation of increasing transmission jumps?

question: When was vaccination used to prevent the spread of the foot-and-neck virus?


text: It has been observed that well-fed predator animals in a lax captivity (for instance, pet or farm animals) will usually differentiate between putative prey animals who are familiar co-inhabitants in the same human area from wild ones outside the area. This interaction can range from peaceful coexistence to close companionship; motivation to ignore the predatory instinct may result from mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters who have made clear that harming co-inhabitants will not be tolerated. Pet cats and pet mice, for example, may live together in the same human residence without incident as companions. Pet cats and pet dogs under human mastership often depend on each other for warmth, companionship, and even protection, particularly in rural areas.

title: Predation

title: Predation

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: that

text: well

text: fed

text: predator

text: animals

text: in

text: a

text: lax

text: captivity

text: for

text: instance

text: pet

text: or

text: farm

text: animals

text: will

text: usually

text: differentiate

text: between

text: putative

text: prey

text: animals

text: who

text: are

text: familiar

text: co

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: human

text: area

text: from

text: wild

text: ones

text: outside

text: the

text: area

text: This

text: interaction

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: peaceful

text: coexistence

text: to

text: close

text: companionship

text: motivation

text: to

text: ignore

text: the

text: predatory

text: instinct

text: may

text: result

text: from

text: mutual

text: advantage

text: or

text: fear

text: of

text: reprisal

text: from

text: human

text: masters

text: who

text: have

text: made

text: clear

text: that

text: harming

text: co

text: inhabitants

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: tolerated

text: Pet

text: cats

text: and

text: pet

text: mice

text: for

text: example

text: may

text: live

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: human

text: residence

text: without

text: incident

text: as

text: companions

text: Pet

text: cats

text: and

text: pet

text: dogs

text: under

text: human

text: mastership

text: often

text: depend

text: on

text: each

text: other

text: for

text: warmth

text: companionship

text: and

text: even

text: protection

text: particularly

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

question: Well-fed animals in captivity can become friends with prey animals due to what motivation?

answer: mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters

text: mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters

question: Why would cats and dogs potentially become companions in captivity?

answer: warmth, companionship, and even protection

text: warmth, companionship, and even protection

question: Captive animals can distinguish co-inhabitats from what other group?

answer: wild ones outside the area

text: wild ones outside the area

question: What kind of relationships to people have in rural areas?

question: Why is there less crime in rural areas?

text: fear of reprisal

question: How do residents feel about someone harming a person in a rural area?

text: will not be tolerated

question: What are two things neighbors depend on each other for in rural areas?

text: companionship, and even protection

question: What can people from rural areas differentiate captive animals from?

text: wild ones outside the area


text: The bandolim (Portuguese for "mandolin") was a favourite instrument within the Portuguese bourgeoisie of the 19th century, but its rapid spread took it to other places, joining other instruments. Today you can see mandolins as part of the traditional and folk culture of Portuguese singing groups and the majority of the mandolin scene in Portugal is in Madeira Island. Madeira has over 17 active mandolin Orchestras and Tunas. The mandolin virtuoso Fabio Machado is one of Portugal's most accomplished mandolin players. The Portuguese influence brought the mandolin to Brazil.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: The

text: bandolim

text: Portuguese

text: for

text: mandolin

text: was

text: a

text: favourite

text: instrument

text: within

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: bourgeoisie

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: its

text: rapid

text: spread

text: took

text: it

text: to

text: other

text: places

text: joining

text: other

text: instruments

text: Today

text: you

text: can

text: see

text: mandolins

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: and

text: folk

text: culture

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: singing

text: groups

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: mandolin

text: scene

text: in

text: Portugal

text: is

text: in

text: Madeira

text: Island

text: Madeira

text: has

text: over

text: active

text: mandolin

text: Orchestras

text: and

text: Tunas

text: The

text: mandolin

text: virtuoso

text: Fabio

text: Machado

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: most

text: accomplished

text: mandolin

text: players

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: influence

text: brought

text: the

text: mandolin

text: to

text: Brazil

question: What does bandolim mean?

answer: Portuguese for "mandolin"

text: Portuguese for "mandolin"

question: When was the bandolim porpular among the Portugese bourgeoisie?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: Where can you see mandolins a part of in Portgal?

answer: traditional and folk culture

text: traditional and folk culture

question: Where is the Portuguese mandolin scene located?

answer: Madeira Island

text: Madeira Island

question: How many active mandolin orchestras does the Madiera Island have?

answer: over 17

text: over 17

question: What does bandolin mean?

text: Portuguese for "mandolin

question: When was the bandolim not popular among the Portugese bourgeoisie?

text: 19th century

question: Where can you not see mandolins a part of in Portgal?

text: traditional and folk culture

question: Where is the Japanese mandolin scene located?

text: Madeira Island

question: How many active mandolin orchestras does the Chinese Island have?

text: over 17


text: They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and diasporic identities. In the late Middle Ages the center of gravity of the Ashkenazi population, and its traditional cultural life, shifted steadily eastward, out of the German lands into Poland and Lithuania (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine). In the course of the late 18th and 19th centuries, those Jews who remained in or returned to the German lands experienced a cultural reorientation; under the influence of the Haskalah and the struggle for emancipation, as well the intellectual and cultural ferment in urban centers, they gradually abandoned the use of Yiddish, while developing new forms of Jewish religious life and cultural identity.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: They

text: established

text: communities

text: throughout

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: their

text: primary

text: region

text: of

text: concentration

text: and

text: residence

text: until

text: recent

text: times

text: evolving

text: their

text: own

text: distinctive

text: characteristics

text: and

text: diasporic

text: identities

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: gravity

text: of

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: traditional

text: cultural

text: life

text: shifted

text: steadily

text: eastward

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: lands

text: into

text: Poland

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: including

text: present

text: day

text: Belarus

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: In

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: centuries

text: those

text: Jews

text: who

text: remained

text: in

text: or

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: lands

text: experienced

text: a

text: cultural

text: reorientation

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Haskalah

text: and

text: the

text: struggle

text: for

text: emancipation

text: as

text: well

text: the

text: intellectual

text: and

text: cultural

text: ferment

text: in

text: urban

text: centers

text: they

text: gradually

text: abandoned

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Yiddish

text: while

text: developing

text: new

text: forms

text: of

text: Jewish

text: religious

text: life

text: and

text: cultural

text: identity

question: In the late Middle Ages, the Ashkenazi population shifted in which direction?

answer: shifted steadily eastward

text: shifted steadily eastward

question: In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location?

answer: German lands

text: German lands

question: In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved into which location?

answer: Poland and Lithuania (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine)

text: Poland and Lithuania (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine)

question: In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Jews who returned to German lands experienced what?

answer: a cultural reorientation

text: a cultural reorientation


text: One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language.[citation needed] Researchers at the International Auxiliary Language Association extracted words and affixes that they considered to be part of Interlingua's vocabulary. In theory, speakers of the Western languages would understand written or spoken Interlingua immediately, without prior study, since their own languages were its dialects. This has often turned out to be true, especially, but not solely, for speakers of the Romance languages and educated speakers of English. Interlingua has also been found to assist in the learning of other languages. In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand. It should be noted, however, that the vocabulary of Interlingua extends beyond the Western language families.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: One

text: language

text: Interlingua

text: was

text: developed

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: languages

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: would

text: act

text: as

text: its

text: dialects

text: Drawing

text: from

text: such

text: concepts

text: as

text: the

text: international

text: scientific

text: vocabulary

text: and

text: Standard

text: Average

text: European

text: linguists[who

text: developed

text: a

text: theory

text: that

text: the

text: modern

text: Western

text: languages

text: were

text: actually

text: dialects

text: of

text: a

text: hidden

text: or

text: latent

text: language.[citation

text: needed

text: Researchers

text: at

text: the

text: International

text: Auxiliary

text: Language

text: Association

text: extracted

text: words

text: and

text: affixes

text: that

text: they

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: Interlingua

text: 's

text: vocabulary

text: In

text: theory

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: languages

text: would

text: understand

text: written

text: or

text: spoken

text: Interlingua

text: immediately

text: without

text: prior

text: study

text: since

text: their

text: own

text: languages

text: were

text: its

text: dialects

text: This

text: has

text: often

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: true

text: especially

text: but

text: not

text: solely

text: for

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Romance

text: languages

text: and

text: educated

text: speakers

text: of

text: English

text: Interlingua

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: the

text: learning

text: of

text: other

text: languages

text: In

text: one

text: study

text: Swedish

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: learning

text: Interlingua

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: translate

text: passages

text: from

text: Spanish

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: Italian

text: that

text: students

text: of

text: those

text: languages

text: found

text: too

text: difficult

text: to

text: understand

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: however

text: that

text: the

text: vocabulary

text: of

text: Interlingua

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: Western

text: language

text: families

question: What language could all Western languages be considered dialects of?

answer: Interlingua

text: Interlingua

question: Researchers at what organization study and develop Interlingua?

answer: International Auxiliary Language Association

text: International Auxiliary Language Association

question: What was the nationality of high school students who learned Interlingua in a notable linguistic experiment?

answer: Swedish

text: Swedish

question: Along with Italian and Spanish, what language could Swedish Interlingua learners translate?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: Along with Standard Average European, from what concept was Interlingua derived?

answer: the international scientific vocabulary

text: the international scientific vocabulary

question: Which language was developed to aid Eastern civilization languages in acting as dialects?

text: Interlingua

question: What is the name of the language that was created to help Western languages act as English?

text: Interlingua

question: What has Interlingua been found to be a detriment to?

text: the learning of other languages

question: According to one study, students learning Spanish were able to translate passages from which languages that other students could not?

text: Portuguese, and Italian

question: Which languages' vocabulary does not reach beyond the Western family of languages?

text: Interlingua


text: The Air Force also provides Commissioned Officer Training (COT) for officers of all three components who are direct-commissioned to non-line positions due to their credentials in medicine, law, religion, biological sciences, or healthcare administration. Originally viewed as a "knife and fork school" that covered little beyond basic wear of the uniform, COT in recent years has been fully integrated into the OTS program and today encompasses extensive coursework as well as field exercises in leadership, confidence, fitness, and deployed-environment operations.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: Air

text: Force

text: also

text: provides

text: Commissioned

text: Officer

text: Training

text: COT

text: for

text: officers

text: of

text: all

text: three

text: components

text: who

text: are

text: direct

text: commissioned

text: to

text: non

text: line

text: positions

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: credentials

text: in

text: medicine

text: law

text: religion

text: biological

text: sciences

text: or

text: healthcare

text: administration

text: Originally

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: knife

text: and

text: fork

text: school

text: that

text: covered

text: little

text: beyond

text: basic

text: wear

text: of

text: the

text: uniform

text: COT

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: has

text: been

text: fully

text: integrated

text: into

text: the

text: OTS

text: program

text: and

text: today

text: encompasses

text: extensive

text: coursework

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: field

text: exercises

text: in

text: leadership

text: confidence

text: fitness

text: and

text: deployed

text: environment

text: operations

question: What does the Air Force provide for officers of direct to non-line positions?

answer: Commissioned Officer Training

text: Commissioned Officer Training

question: What fields of study in the COT are included in this area of the USAF?

answer: medicine, law, religion, biological sciences, or healthcare administration

text: medicine, law, religion, biological sciences, or healthcare administration

question: What is an example of the coursework now offered in the COT in the USAF?

answer: deployed-environment operations

text: deployed-environment operations


text: Many Nobel prizes have been awarded to Swiss scientists, for example to the world-famous physicist Albert Einstein in the field of physics who developed his Special relativity while working in Bern. More recently Vladimir Prelog, Heinrich Rohrer, Richard Ernst, Edmond Fischer, Rolf Zinkernagel and Kurt Wüthrich received Nobel prizes in the sciences. In total, 113 Nobel Prize winners in all fields stand in relation to Switzerland[note 11] and the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded nine times to organisations residing in Switzerland.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Many

text: Nobel

text: prizes

text: have

text: been

text: awarded

text: to

text: Swiss

text: scientists

text: for

text: example

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: famous

text: physicist

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: physics

text: who

text: developed

text: his

text: Special

text: relativity

text: while

text: working

text: in

text: Bern

text: More

text: recently

text: Vladimir

text: Prelog

text: Heinrich

text: Rohrer

text: Richard

text: Ernst

text: Edmond

text: Fischer

text: Rolf

text: Zinkernagel

text: and

text: Kurt

text: Wüthrich

text: received

text: Nobel

text: prizes

text: in

text: the

text: sciences

text: In

text: total

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: winners

text: in

text: all

text: fields

text: stand

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: Switzerland[note

text: and

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Peace

text: Prize

text: has

text: been

text: awarded

text: nine

text: times

text: to

text: organisations

text: residing

text: in

text: Switzerland

question: What Swiss world famous physicist developed his Special relativity while working in Bern?

answer: Albert Einstein

text: Albert Einstein

question: How many total Nobel prizes were awarded to Swiss scientists?

answer: 113

question: How many times has the Nobel Peace Prize been awarded to organisations residing in Switzerland?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: The performance of "Summertime" by Barrino, later known simply as "Fantasia", at Top 8 was widely praised, and Simon Cowell considered it as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show. Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists, and Fantasia was crowned as the winner. Fantasia released as her coronation single "I Believe", a song co-written by season one finalist Tamyra Gray, and DeGarmo released "Dreams". Fantasia went on to gain some successes as a recording artist, while Hudson, who placed seventh, became the only Idol contestant so far to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: performance

text: of

text: Summertime

text: by

text: Barrino

text: later

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Fantasia

text: at

text: Top

text: was

text: widely

text: praised

text: and

text: Simon

text: Cowell

text: considered

text: it

text: as

text: his

text: favorite

text: Idol

text: moment

text: in

text: the

text: nine

text: seasons

text: he

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: Fantasia

text: and

text: Diana

text: DeGarmo

text: were

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: finalists

text: and

text: Fantasia

text: was

text: crowned

text: as

text: the

text: winner

text: Fantasia

text: released

text: as

text: her

text: coronation

text: single

text: I

text: Believe

text: a

text: song

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: season

text: one

text: finalist

text: Tamyra

text: Gray

text: and

text: DeGarmo

text: released

text: Dreams

text: Fantasia

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: gain

text: some

text: successes

text: as

text: a

text: recording

text: artist

text: while

text: Hudson

text: who

text: placed

text: seventh

text: became

text: the

text: only

text: Idol

text: contestant

text: so

text: far

text: to

text: win

text: both

text: an

text: Academy

text: Award

text: and

text: a

text: Grammy

question: Who was the runner up on the third season of American Idol?

answer: Diana DeGarmo

text: Diana DeGarmo

question: What was the name of the first single that Fantasia released after winning American Idol?

answer: I Believe

text: I Believe

question: What was the first song released by Diana DeGarmo after coming in second on American Idol?

answer: Dreams

text: Dreams

question: What song did Fantasia sing on the Top 8 show?

answer: Summertime

text: Summertime

question: Who has said that Barrino's rendition of Summertime has been his top moment of all seasons?

answer: Simon Cowell

text: Simon Cowell

question: Who were the final two contestants?

answer: Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo

text: Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo

question: Who was declared the season winner?

answer: Fantasia

text: Fantasia

question: What was Fantasia's coronation song?

answer: I Believe

text: I Believe