text: South Indian music and dances such as the Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam styles are popular in the Deccan region. As a result of their culture policies, North Indian music and dance gained popularity during the rule of the Mughals and Nizams, and it was also during their reign that it became a tradition among the nobility to associate themselves with tawaif (courtesans). These courtesans were revered as the epitome of etiquette and culture, and were appointed to teach singing, poetry and classical dance to many children of the aristocracy. This gave rise to certain styles of court music, dance and poetry. Besides western and Indian popular music genres such as filmi music, the residents of Hyderabad play city-based marfa music, dholak ke geet (household songs based on local Folklore), and qawwali, especially at weddings, festivals and other celebratory events. The state government organises the Golconda Music and Dance Festival, the Taramati Music Festival and the Premavathi Dance Festival to further encourage the development of music.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: South

text: Indian

text: music

text: and

text: dances

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Kuchipudi

text: and

text: Bharatanatyam

text: styles

text: are

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: Deccan

text: region

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: their

text: culture

text: policies

text: North

text: Indian

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: gained

text: popularity

text: during

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Mughals

text: and

text: Nizams

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: during

text: their

text: reign

text: that

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: tradition

text: among

text: the

text: nobility

text: to

text: associate

text: themselves

text: with

text: tawaif

text: courtesans

text: These

text: courtesans

text: were

text: revered

text: as

text: the

text: epitome

text: of

text: etiquette

text: and

text: culture

text: and

text: were

text: appointed

text: to

text: teach

text: singing

text: poetry

text: and

text: classical

text: dance

text: to

text: many

text: children

text: of

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: This

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: certain

text: styles

text: of

text: court

text: music

text: dance

text: and

text: poetry

text: Besides

text: western

text: and

text: Indian

text: popular

text: music

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: filmi

text: music

text: the

text: residents

text: of

text: Hyderabad

text: play

text: city

text: based

text: marfa

text: music

text: dholak

text: ke

text: geet

text: household

text: songs

text: based

text: on

text: local

text: Folklore

text: and

text: qawwali

text: especially

text: at

text: weddings

text: festivals

text: and

text: other

text: celebratory

text: events

text: The

text: state

text: government

text: organises

text: the

text: Golconda

text: Music

text: and

text: Dance

text: Festival

text: the

text: Taramati

text: Music

text: Festival

text: and

text: the

text: Premavathi

text: Dance

text: Festival

text: to

text: further

text: encourage

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: music

question: What is the Deccan region known for culturally?

answer: music and dances such as the Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam

text: music and dances such as the Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam

question: During the rule of what two groups did dance and music from North India become popular?

answer: the Mughals and Nizams

text: the Mughals and Nizams

question: What is a tawaif?

answer: courtesans

text: courtesans

question: What kind of music is dholak ke geet?

answer: songs based on local Folklore

text: songs based on local Folklore

question: What entity is responsible for the Taramati Music Festival?

answer: The state government

text: The state government


text: Slavs are customarily divided along geographical lines into three major subgroups: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a different and a diverse background based on unique history, religion and culture of particular Slavic groups within them. Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroups have had notable cultural contact with non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age civilisations.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Slavs

text: are

text: customarily

text: divided

text: along

text: geographical

text: lines

text: into

text: three

text: major

text: subgroups

text: West

text: Slavs

text: East

text: Slavs

text: and

text: South

text: Slavs

text: each

text: with

text: a

text: different

text: and

text: a

text: diverse

text: background

text: based

text: on

text: unique

text: history

text: religion

text: and

text: culture

text: of

text: particular

text: Slavic

text: groups

text: within

text: them

text: Apart

text: from

text: prehistorical

text: archaeological

text: cultures

text: the

text: subgroups

text: have

text: had

text: notable

text: cultural

text: contact

text: with

text: non

text: Slavic

text: Bronze-

text: and

text: Iron

text: Age

text: civilisations

question: Who is customarily divided along geographical lines into tree major subgroups?

answer: Slavs

text: Slavs

question: What three major subgroups are Slavs divided into?

answer: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs

text: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs

question: The Slav subgroups have had notable cultural contact with what kind of civilisations?

answer: non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age

text: non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age

question: How many groups are non-Slavic bronze age civilisations divided into?

text: three

question: How is the West Slavs subgroup divided?

text: along geographical lines

question: What group did the Slavs largely avoid?

question: What do all subgroups share?

text: history, religion and culture


text: Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current governor is George Fergusson; he was sworn in on 23 May 2012. There is also a Deputy Governor (currently David Arkley JP). Defence and foreign affairs are carried out by the United Kingdom, which also retains responsibility to ensure good government. It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda. Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory, but it is the oldest British colony. In 1620, a Royal Assent granted Bermuda limited self-governance; its Parliament is the fifth oldest in the world, behind the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Tynwald of the Isle of Man, the Althing of Iceland, and Sejm of Poland. Of these, only Bermuda's and the Isle of Man's Tynwald have been in continuous existence since 1620.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: Executive

text: authority

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: is

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: monarch

text: and

text: is

text: exercised

text: on

text: her

text: behalf

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: The

text: governor

text: is

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Queen

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Government

text: The

text: current

text: governor

text: is

text: George

text: Fergusson

text: he

text: was

text: sworn

text: in

text: on

text: May

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: Deputy

text: Governor

text: currently

text: David

text: Arkley

text: JP

text: Defence

text: and

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: are

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: which

text: also

text: retains

text: responsibility

text: to

text: ensure

text: good

text: government

text: It

text: must

text: approve

text: any

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territory

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: British

text: colony

text: In

text: a

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: granted

text: Bermuda

text: limited

text: self

text: governance

text: its

text: Parliament

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: oldest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: behind

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Tynwald

text: of

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: Althing

text: of

text: Iceland

text: and

text: Sejm

text: of

text: Poland

text: Of

text: these

text: only

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: 's

text: Tynwald

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: continuous

text: existence

text: since

question: The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom?

answer: the monarch

text: the monarch

question: Who appoints the Governor of Bermuda?

answer: the Queen on the advice of the British Government.

text: the Queen on the advice of the British Government.

question: Who is currently the governor of Bermuda?

answer: George Fergusson

text: George Fergusson

question: Who is responsible for defence and foreign affairs?

answer: United Kingdom

text: United Kingdom

question: What is Bermuda officially classified as?

answer: British Overseas Territory

text: British Overseas Territory

question: Who exercises executive authority on behalf of the Governor?

text: the monarch

question: Who is the Queen appointed by?

text: The governor

question: What title does George Arkely currently hold?

text: governor

question: What title does David Fergusson currently hold?

text: Deputy Governor

question: What happened in 1602?


text: The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, broadcast live in front of a US television audience. It was a monumental failure, exploding a few seconds after launch, and it became an international joke. The satellite appeared in newspapers under the names Flopnik, Stayputnik, Kaputnik, and Dudnik. In the United Nations, the Russian delegate offered the U.S. representative aid "under the Soviet program of technical assistance to backwards nations." Only in the wake of this very public failure did von Braun's Redstone team get the go-ahead to launch their Jupiter-C rocket as soon as they could. In Britain, the USA's Western Cold War ally, the reaction was mixed: some members of the population celebrated the fact that the Soviets had reached space first, while others feared the destructive potential that military uses of spacecraft might bring.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: Soviet

text: success

text: caused

text: public

text: controversy

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Eisenhower

text: ordered

text: the

text: civilian

text: rocket

text: and

text: satellite

text: project

text: Vanguard

text: to

text: move

text: up

text: its

text: timetable

text: and

text: launch

text: its

text: satellite

text: much

text: sooner

text: than

text: originally

text: planned

text: The

text: December

text: Project

text: Vanguard

text: launch

text: failure

text: occurred

text: at

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: Air

text: Force

text: Station

text: in

text: Florida

text: broadcast

text: live

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: a

text: US

text: television

text: audience

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: monumental

text: failure

text: exploding

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: after

text: launch

text: and

text: it

text: became

text: an

text: international

text: joke

text: The

text: satellite

text: appeared

text: in

text: newspapers

text: under

text: the

text: names

text: Flopnik

text: Stayputnik

text: Kaputnik

text: and

text: Dudnik

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: the

text: Russian

text: delegate

text: offered

text: the

text: U.S.

text: representative

text: aid

text: under

text: the

text: Soviet

text: program

text: of

text: technical

text: assistance

text: to

text: backwards

text: nations

text: Only

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: this

text: very

text: public

text: failure

text: did

text: von

text: Braun

text: 's

text: Redstone

text: team

text: get

text: the

text: go

text: ahead

text: to

text: launch

text: their

text: Jupiter

text: C

text: rocket

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: they

text: could

text: In

text: Britain

text: the

text: USA

text: 's

text: Western

text: Cold

text: War

text: ally

text: the

text: reaction

text: was

text: mixed

text: some

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: celebrated

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Soviets

text: had

text: reached

text: space

text: first

text: while

text: others

text: feared

text: the

text: destructive

text: potential

text: that

text: military

text: uses

text: of

text: spacecraft

text: might

text: bring

question: The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what?

answer: Vanguard

text: Vanguard

question: Project Vanguard launch failed on what date?

answer: December 6, 195

text: December 6, 195

question: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?

answer: Florida

text: Florida

question: in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?

answer: Jupiter-C rocket

text: Jupiter-C rocket


text: The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge. These focussed on jnana (knowledge) driven aspects of the Vedic religion and the Upanishads. This included metaphysical concepts such as ātman and Brahman, and emphasized meditation, self-discipline, self-knowledge and abstract spirituality, rather than ritualism. The Upanishads were variously interpreted by ancient and medieval era Vedanta scholars. Consequently, the Vedanta separated into many sub-schools, ranging from theistic dualism to non-theistic monism, each interpreting the texts in its own way and producing its own series of sub-commentaries.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: The

text: emergence

text: of

text: Vedanta

text: school

text: represented

text: a

text: period

text: when

text: a

text: more

text: knowledge

text: centered

text: understanding

text: began

text: to

text: emerge

text: These

text: focussed

text: on

text: jnana

text: knowledge

text: driven

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: Vedic

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: Upanishads

text: This

text: included

text: metaphysical

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: ātman

text: and

text: Brahman

text: and

text: emphasized

text: meditation

text: self

text: discipline

text: self

text: knowledge

text: and

text: abstract

text: spirituality

text: rather

text: than

text: ritualism

text: The

text: Upanishads

text: were

text: variously

text: interpreted

text: by

text: ancient

text: and

text: medieval

text: era

text: Vedanta

text: scholars

text: Consequently

text: the

text: Vedanta

text: separated

text: into

text: many

text: sub

text: schools

text: ranging

text: from

text: theistic

text: dualism

text: to

text: non

text: theistic

text: monism

text: each

text: interpreting

text: the

text: texts

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: way

text: and

text: producing

text: its

text: own

text: series

text: of

text: sub

text: commentaries

question: What did the Vedanta school represent in Hindu philosophy?

answer: knowledge-centered understanding

text: knowledge-centered understanding

question: On what aspects of Vedic did the Vedanta understanding focus?

answer: jnana

text: jnana

question: On what did the Vedanta school lessen focus?

answer: ritualism

text: ritualism

question: Due to differences in text interpretations,into  what did the Vedanta school separate?

answer: many sub-schools

text: many sub-schools

question: What metaphysical concepts were included in the Vedanta school?

answer: ātman and Brahman

text: ātman and Brahman

question: What represented the lack of knowledge-centered study?

text: The emergence of Vedanta school

question: Which Vedic did Vedanta ignore?

text: jnana

question: What does Vedic mean?

text: knowledge

question: During what era did knowledge-centered understanding emerge?

text: ancient and medieval era

question: Who created the concepts of atman and Brahman?

text: the Vedic religion


text: To prevent further loss of groundwater, Tucson has been involved in water conservation and groundwater preservation efforts, shifting away from its reliance on a series of Tucson area wells in favor of conservation, consumption-based pricing for residential and commercial water use, and new wells in the more sustainable Avra Valley aquifer, northwest of the city. An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of "recharged" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out. Since 2001, CAP water has allowed the city to remove or turn off over 80 wells.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: To

text: prevent

text: further

text: loss

text: of

text: groundwater

text: Tucson

text: has

text: been

text: involved

text: in

text: water

text: conservation

text: and

text: groundwater

text: preservation

text: efforts

text: shifting

text: away

text: from

text: its

text: reliance

text: on

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: Tucson

text: area

text: wells

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: conservation

text: consumption

text: based

text: pricing

text: for

text: residential

text: and

text: commercial

text: water

text: use

text: and

text: new

text: wells

text: in

text: the

text: more

text: sustainable

text: Avra

text: Valley

text: aquifer

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: An

text: allocation

text: from

text: the

text: Central

text: Arizona

text: Project

text: Aqueduct

text: CAP

text: which

text: passes

text: more

text: than

text: mi

text: km

text: across

text: the

text: desert

text: from

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: has

text: been

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: water

text: supply

text: annually

text: providing

text: over

text: million

text: gallons

text: of

text: recharged

text: water

text: which

text: is

text: pumped

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: to

text: replenish

text: water

text: pumped

text: out

text: Since

text: CAP

text: water

text: has

text: allowed

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: remove

text: or

text: turn

text: off

text: over

text: wells

question: What is the CAP?

answer: Central Arizona Project Aqueduct

text: Central Arizona Project Aqueduct

question: How long is the CAP?

answer: more than 300 mi (480 km)

text: more than 300 mi (480 km)

question: What water source feeds the CAP?

answer: Colorado River

text: Colorado River

question: What aquifer is Tucson starting new wells in?

answer: Avra Valley aquifer

text: Avra Valley aquifer

question: How many wells has Tucson stopped using since 2001?

answer: over 80

text: over 80


text: University education includes teaching, research, and social services activities, and it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Universities are generally composed of several colleges. In the United States, universities can be private and independent like Yale University; public and state-governed like the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education; or independent but state-funded like the University of Virginia. A number of career specific courses are now available to students through the Internet.

title: Education

title: Education

text: University

text: education

text: includes

text: teaching

text: research

text: and

text: social

text: services

text: activities

text: and

text: it

text: includes

text: both

text: the

text: undergraduate

text: level

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: tertiary

text: education

text: and

text: the

text: graduate

text: or

text: postgraduate

text: level

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: graduate

text: school

text: Universities

text: are

text: generally

text: composed

text: of

text: several

text: colleges

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: universities

text: can

text: be

text: private

text: and

text: independent

text: like

text: Yale

text: University

text: public

text: and

text: state

text: governed

text: like

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: State

text: System

text: of

text: Higher

text: Education

text: or

text: independent

text: but

text: state

text: funded

text: like

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Virginia

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: career

text: specific

text: courses

text: are

text: now

text: available

text: to

text: students

text: through

text: the

text: Internet

question: What does University education include?

answer: teaching, research, and social services activities,

text: teaching, research, and social services activities,

question: What are usually Universities made up of?

answer: several colleges

text: several colleges

question: What type of University would Yale fall under?

answer: independent

text: independent

question: What does University education not include?

question: What are usually Universities not made up of?

text: several colleges

question: What type of University is Yale not considered?

text: private and independent

question: What type of school is the Pennsylvania State System not considered?

text: public and state-governed

question: What is not an alternative to in-school learning?


text: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and changed the marketing plan, instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds, advertising, and a much wider variety of merchandise. The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860. In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank, and enlarged the store again in 1872, with help from the engineering firm of Gustave Eiffel, creator of the Eiffel Tower. The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut's death in 1877. The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand, and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879. Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers. By 1880 half the employees were women; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: A

text: novelty

text: shop

text: called

text: Au

text: Bon

text: Marché

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: to

text: sell

text: lace

text: ribbons

text: sheets

text: mattresses

text: buttons

text: umbrellas

text: and

text: other

text: assorted

text: goods

text: It

text: originally

text: had

text: four

text: departments

text: twelve

text: employees

text: and

text: a

text: floor

text: space

text: of

text: three

text: hundred

text: meters

text: The

text: entrepreneur

text: Aristide

text: Boucicaut

text: became

text: a

text: partner

text: in

text: and

text: changed

text: the

text: marketing

text: plan

text: instituting

text: fixed

text: prices

text: and

text: guarantees

text: that

text: allowed

text: exchanges

text: and

text: refunds

text: advertising

text: and

text: a

text: much

text: wider

text: variety

text: of

text: merchandise

text: The

text: annual

text: income

text: of

text: the

text: store

text: increased

text: from

text: francs

text: in

text: to

text: five

text: million

text: in

text: In

text: he

text: built

text: much

text: larger

text: building

text: at

text: rue

text: de

text: Sèvres

text: on

text: the

text: Left

text: Bank

text: and

text: enlarged

text: the

text: store

text: again

text: in

text: with

text: help

text: from

text: the

text: engineering

text: firm

text: of

text: Gustave

text: Eiffel

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: Eiffel

text: Tower

text: The

text: income

text: rose

text: from

text: twenty

text: million

text: francs

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Boucicaut

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: The

text: floor

text: space

text: had

text: increased

text: from

text: three

text: hundred

text: square

text: meters

text: in

text: to

text: fifty

text: thousand

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: employees

text: had

text: increased

text: from

text: twelve

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: Boucicaut

text: was

text: famous

text: for

text: his

text: marketing

text: innovations

text: a

text: reading

text: room

text: for

text: husbands

text: while

text: their

text: wives

text: shopped

text: extensive

text: newspaper

text: advertising

text: entertainment

text: for

text: children

text: and

text: six

text: million

text: catalogs

text: sent

text: out

text: to

text: customers

text: By

text: half

text: the

text: employees

text: were

text: women

text: unmarried

text: women

text: employees

text: lived

text: in

text: dormitories

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: floors

question: What store was founded in Paris, in 1838, which sold a wide variety of products?

answer: Au Bon Marché

text: Au Bon Marché

question: Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?

answer: Aristide Boucicaut

text: Aristide Boucicaut

question: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche after these changes?

answer: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860

text: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860

question: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1872

answer: Gustave Eiffel

text: Gustave Eiffel

question: What was Boucicaut most widely known for?

answer: marketing innovations

text: marketing innovations

question: What store was founded in Paris, in 1883, which sold a wide variety of products?

text: Au Bon Marché

question: Who became a partner to this store in 1825 and drastically changed operations?

text: Aristide Boucicaut

question: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche before these changes?

question: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1782

text: Gustave Eiffel

question: What was Boucicaut most widely unknown for?

text: marketing innovations


text: Menzies called a conference of conservative parties and other groups opposed to the ruling Australian Labor Party, which met in Canberra on 13 October 1944 and again in Albury, New South Wales in December 1944. From 1942 onward Menzies had maintained his public profile with his series of "The Forgotten People" radio talks–similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats" of the 1930s–in which he spoke of the middle class as the "backbone of Australia" but as nevertheless having been "taken for granted" by political parties.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: Menzies

text: called

text: a

text: conference

text: of

text: conservative

text: parties

text: and

text: other

text: groups

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: ruling

text: Australian

text: Labor

text: Party

text: which

text: met

text: in

text: Canberra

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: Albury

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: in

text: December

text: From

text: onward

text: Menzies

text: had

text: maintained

text: his

text: public

text: profile

text: with

text: his

text: series

text: of

text: The

text: Forgotten

text: People

text: radio

text: talks

text: similar

text: to

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: 's

text: fireside

text: chats

text: of

text: the

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: spoke

text: of

text: the

text: middle

text: class

text: as

text: the

text: backbone

text: of

text: Australia

text: but

text: as

text: nevertheless

text: having

text: been

text: taken

text: for

text: granted

text: by

text: political

text: parties

question: To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" radio talks compared to?

answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats"

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats"

question: How did Roosevelt refer to the middle class?

answer: "backbone of Australia"

text: "backbone of Australia"

question: Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to the Australian Labor Party?

answer: opposed

text: opposed

question: Where was the second anti-Labor Party held in 1944?

answer: Albury, New South Wales

text: Albury, New South Wales

question: To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" political parties compared to?

question: Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to Franklin D. Roosevelt?

text: opposed

question: Where was the second fireside chat held in 1944?

text: Albury, New South Wales

question: How did Roosevelt refer to political parties?

text: backbone of Australia

question: From when did Roosevelt maintain his public profile with "The Forgotten People"?


text: The simplest known circadian clock is that of the prokaryotic cyanobacteria. Recent research has demonstrated that the circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus can be reconstituted in vitro with just the three proteins (KaiA, KaiB, KaiC) of their central oscillator. This clock has been shown to sustain a 22-hour rhythm over several days upon the addition of ATP. Previous explanations of the prokaryotic circadian timekeeper were dependent upon a DNA transcription/translation feedback mechanism.[citation needed]

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: The

text: simplest

text: known

text: circadian

text: clock

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: prokaryotic

text: cyanobacteria

text: Recent

text: research

text: has

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: the

text: circadian

text: clock

text: of

text: Synechococcus

text: elongatus

text: can

text: be

text: reconstituted

text: in

text: vitro

text: with

text: just

text: the

text: three

text: proteins

text: KaiA

text: KaiB

text: KaiC

text: of

text: their

text: central

text: oscillator

text: This

text: clock

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: sustain

text: a

text: rhythm

text: over

text: several

text: days

text: upon

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: ATP

text: Previous

text: explanations

text: of

text: the

text: prokaryotic

text: circadian

text: timekeeper

text: were

text: dependent

text: upon

text: a

text: DNA

text: transcription

text: translation

text: feedback

text: mechanism.[citation

text: needed

question: What has the simplest known circadian clock?

answer: prokaryotic cyanobacteria

text: prokaryotic cyanobacteria

question: With how many proteins can the circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus are needed to reproduce its effect?

answer: three proteins

text: three proteins

question: What type of feedback mechanism was previously thought to be needed to sustain the clock?

answer: DNA

text: DNA

question: How long a rhythm were researchers able to sustain in the in vitro experiment?

answer: 22-hour

question: What were the only proteins necessary to the circadian timekeeper experiment?

answer: KaiA, KaiB, KaiC

text: KaiA, KaiB, KaiC

question: What organism has the most complex circadian clock?

text: prokaryotic cyanobacteria

question: Where can the circadian clock of theprokaryotic cyanobacteria be reconstituted?

text: in vitro

question: What was the minimum amount of time the clock could be sustained in vitro?

question: What three proteins needed to be removed to sustain the in vitro clock?

text: KaiA, KaiB, KaiC


text: On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: On

text: March

text: Roderick

text: Maclean

text: a

text: disgruntled

text: poet

text: apparently

text: offended

text: by

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: accept

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: poems

text: shot

text: at

text: the

text: Queen

text: as

text: her

text: carriage

text: left

text: Windsor

text: railway

text: station

text: Two

text: schoolboys

text: from

text: Eton

text: College

text: struck

text: him

text: with

text: their

text: umbrellas

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: hustled

text: away

text: by

text: a

text: policeman

text: Victoria

text: was

text: outraged

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: found

text: not

text: guilty

text: by

text: reason

text: of

text: insanity

text: but

text: was

text: so

text: pleased

text: by

text: the

text: many

text: expressions

text: of

text: loyalty

text: after

text: the

text: attack

text: that

text: she

text: said

text: it

text: was

text: worth

text: being

text: shot

text: at

text: to

text: see

text: how

text: much

text: one

text: is

text: loved

question: Who shot at the queen?

answer: Roderick Maclean

text: Roderick Maclean

question: When was the shooting?

answer: 2 March 1882

text: 2 March 1882

question: What was Maclean's occupation?

answer: poet

text: poet

question: Which college were to two boys attending?

answer: Eton College

text: Eton College

question: With what did the college boy's hit the shooter with?

answer: umbrellas

text: umbrellas

question: Who shot Queen Victoria?

answer: Roderick Maclean

text: Roderick Maclean

question: What year was the Queen shot?

answer: 1882

question: Who stopped Maclean after he shot the Queen?

answer: Two schoolboys from Eton College

text: Two schoolboys from Eton College

question: How did the schoolboys stop Maclean?

answer: struck him with their umbrellas

text: struck him with their umbrellas

question: What did the court determine was the fate for Maclean after shooting the Queen?

answer: not guilty by reason of insanity

text: not guilty by reason of insanity

question: What disgruntled poet shot at Victoria's carriage on March 2, 1882?

answer: Roderick Maclean

text: Roderick Maclean

question: What school did the boys who defended the Queen with umbrellas attend?

answer: Eton College

text: Eton College

question: What was the verdict in Roderick Maclean's trial?

answer: he was found not guilty by reason of insanity

text: he was found not guilty by reason of insanity

question: What provoked the attack on Queen Victoria as she left Windsor?

answer: offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems

text: offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems

question: What was Victoria's reaction to the verdict?

answer: outraged

text: outraged

question: Who attempted to assassinate the Queen?

answer: Roderick Maclean

text: Roderick Maclean

question: What was the verdict in Maclean's trial?

answer: not guilty by reason of insanity

text: not guilty by reason of insanity

question: What position did Victoria take on being shot at?

answer: "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved"

text: "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved"

question: When did Maclean attempt to shoot Victoria?

answer: 2 March 1882

text: 2 March 1882

question: Why did Maclean shoot at Victoria?

answer: refusal to accept one of his poems

text: refusal to accept one of his poems

question: Who never shot at the queen?

text: Roderick Maclean

question: When wasn't the shooting?

text: 2 March 1882

question: What wasn't Maclean's occupation?

text: poet

question: Which college were to two girls attending?

text: Eton College

question: With what didn't the college boy's hit the shooter with?

text: umbrellas


text: The cuisine of Tuvalu is based on the staple of coconut and the many species of fish found in the ocean and lagoons of the atolls. Desserts made on the islands include coconut and coconut milk, instead of animal milk. The traditional foods eaten in Tuvalu are pulaka, taro, bananas, breadfruit and coconut. Tuvaluans also eat seafood, including coconut crab and fish from the lagoon and ocean. A traditional food source is seabirds (taketake or black noddy and akiaki or white tern), with pork being eaten mostly at fateles (or parties with dancing to celebrate events).

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: cuisine

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: staple

text: of

text: coconut

text: and

text: the

text: many

text: species

text: of

text: fish

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: lagoons

text: of

text: the

text: atolls

text: Desserts

text: made

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: include

text: coconut

text: and

text: coconut

text: milk

text: instead

text: of

text: animal

text: milk

text: The

text: traditional

text: foods

text: eaten

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: are

text: pulaka

text: taro

text: bananas

text: breadfruit

text: and

text: coconut

text: Tuvaluans

text: also

text: eat

text: seafood

text: including

text: coconut

text: crab

text: and

text: fish

text: from

text: the

text: lagoon

text: and

text: ocean

text: A

text: traditional

text: food

text: source

text: is

text: seabirds

text: taketake

text: or

text: black

text: noddy

text: and

text: akiaki

text: or

text: white

text: tern

text: with

text: pork

text: being

text: eaten

text: mostly

text: at

text: fateles

text: or

text: parties

text: with

text: dancing

text: to

text: celebrate

text: events

question: What is the stable protein  of Tuvalu?

answer: fish

text: fish

question: What vegetable features in the Tuvalu diet?

answer: coconut

text: coconut

question: What kind of milk has been replaced with coconut milk on Tuvalu?

answer: animal

text: animal

question: What type of meat is eaten on Tuvalu?

answer: seabirds

text: seabirds

question: At what event is pork traditionally eaten on Tuvalu?

answer: fateles

text: fateles


text: France's major upscale department stores are Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps, which both have flagship stores on Boulevard Haussmann in Paris and branches around the country. The first department store in France, Le Bon Marché in Paris, was founded in 1852 and is now owned by the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH. La Samaritaine, another upscale department store also owned by LVMH, closed in 2005. Mid-range department stores chains also exist in France such as the BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville), part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: France

text: 's

text: major

text: upscale

text: department

text: stores

text: are

text: Galeries

text: Lafayette

text: and

text: Le

text: Printemps

text: which

text: both

text: have

text: flagship

text: stores

text: on

text: Boulevard

text: Haussmann

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: branches

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: first

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: France

text: Le

text: Bon

text: Marché

text: in

text: Paris

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: luxury

text: goods

text: conglomerate

text: LVMH

text: La

text: Samaritaine

text: another

text: upscale

text: department

text: store

text: also

text: owned

text: by

text: LVMH

text: closed

text: in

text: Mid

text: range

text: department

text: stores

text: chains

text: also

text: exist

text: in

text: France

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: BHV

text: Bazar

text: de

text: l'Hotel

text: de

text: Ville

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: group

text: as

text: Galeries

text: Lafayette

question: What are two main department stores in France?

answer: Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps

text: Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps

question: What year was the first department store open in France?

answer: 1852

question: Who currently owns Le Bon Marche?

answer: LVMH

text: LVMH

question: What apartment store in Paris was closed in 2005?

answer: La Samaritaine

text: La Samaritaine

question: What French department store is part of the same group as Galeries Lafayette?

answer: BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville)

text: BHV (Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville)

question: What are three main department stores in France?

text: Galeries Lafayette and Le Printemps

question: What year was the first department store closed in France?

question: What year wasn't the first department store open in France?

question: Who currently rents Le Bon Marche?

text: LVMH

question: What apartment store in Paris was closed in 2015?

text: La Samaritaine


text: The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings. For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: The

text: vocabulary

text: mainly

text: abstract

text: and

text: literary

text: words

text: principles

text: of

text: word

text: formations

text: and

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: inflections

text: and

text: literary

text: style

text: of

text: Russian

text: have

text: been

text: also

text: influenced

text: by

text: Church

text: Slavonic

text: a

text: developed

text: and

text: partly

text: russified

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Slavic

text: Old

text: Church

text: Slavonic

text: language

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: However

text: the

text: East

text: Slavic

text: forms

text: have

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: exclusively

text: in

text: the

text: various

text: dialects

text: that

text: are

text: experiencing

text: a

text: rapid

text: decline

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: both

text: the

text: East

text: Slavic

text: and

text: the

text: Church

text: Slavonic

text: forms

text: are

text: in

text: use

text: with

text: many

text: different

text: meanings

text: For

text: details

text: see

text: Russian

text: phonology

text: and

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: language

question: What language does the Russian Orthodox Church use?

answer: South Slavic Old Church Slavonic

text: South Slavic Old Church Slavonic

question: What kind of words in Russian have been influenced by Church Slavonic?

answer: mainly abstract and literary words

text: mainly abstract and literary words

question: What word forms are used together in some cases?

answer: East Slavic and the Church Slavonic

text: East Slavic and the Church Slavonic

question: What church uses mainly the Russian language?

text: Russian Orthodox Church

question: What has the Russian Orthodox Church been experiencing in attendance recently?

text: rapid decline

question: What has the vocabulary of East Slavic been influenced by?

text: Church Slavonic

question: How many meanings are there in modern forms of Russian?

text: many

question: What has the literary style of East Slavic been influenced by?

text: Church Slavonic


text: Von Neumann was a founding figure in computing. Donald Knuth cites von Neumann as the inventor, in 1945, of the merge sort algorithm, in which the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged. Von Neumann wrote the sorting program for the EDVAC in ink, being 23 pages long; traces can still be seen on the first page of the phrase "TOP SECRET", which was written in pencil and later erased. He also worked on the philosophy of artificial intelligence with Alan Turing when the latter visited Princeton in the 1930s.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: figure

text: in

text: computing

text: Donald

text: Knuth

text: cites

text: von

text: Neumann

text: as

text: the

text: inventor

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: merge

text: sort

text: algorithm

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: halves

text: of

text: an

text: array

text: are

text: each

text: sorted

text: recursively

text: and

text: then

text: merged

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: wrote

text: the

text: sorting

text: program

text: for

text: the

text: EDVAC

text: in

text: ink

text: being

text: pages

text: long

text: traces

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: page

text: of

text: the

text: phrase

text: TOP

text: SECRET

text: which

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: pencil

text: and

text: later

text: erased

text: He

text: also

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: artificial

text: intelligence

text: with

text: Alan

text: Turing

text: when

text: the

text: latter

text: visited

text: Princeton

text: in

text: the

question: Who was the inventor of the merge-sort algorithm?

answer: Von Neumann

text: Von Neumann

question: With whom did von Neumann work on the philosophy of artificial intelligence?

answer: Alan Turing

text: Alan Turing

question: What does a merge sort algorithm do?

answer: the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged

text: the first and second halves of an array are each sorted recursively and then merged


text: An important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university. The University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of "academic freedom". This is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988, 430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bologna's foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, drawing from all parts of the world.

title: University

title: University

text: An

text: important

text: idea

text: in

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: university

text: is

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: academic

text: freedom

text: The

text: first

text: documentary

text: evidence

text: of

text: this

text: comes

text: from

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: university

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Bologna

text: adopted

text: an

text: academic

text: charter

text: the

text: Constitutio

text: Habita

text: in

text: or

text: which

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: a

text: traveling

text: scholar

text: to

text: unhindered

text: passage

text: in

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: education

text: Today

text: this

text: is

text: claimed

text: as

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: academic

text: freedom

text: This

text: is

text: now

text: widely

text: recognised

text: internationally

text: on

text: September

text: university

text: rectors

text: signed

text: the

text: Magna

text: Charta

text: Universitatum

text: marking

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Bologna

text: 's

text: foundation

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: universities

text: signing

text: the

text: Magna

text: Charta

text: Universitatum

text: continues

text: to

text: grow

text: drawing

text: from

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a university?

answer: academic freedom

text: academic freedom

question: What was the first university?

answer: University of Bologna

text: University of Bologna

question: What charter is said to be the first establishing academic freedom in a university?

answer: the Constitutio Habita

text: the Constitutio Habita

question: What did the Constitutio Habita say students were allowed?

answer: unhindered passage in the interests of education

text: unhindered passage in the interests of education

question: On what date was the Magna Carta Universitatum signed?

answer: 18 September 1988

text: 18 September 1988

question: What kind of freedom was not initially assosiated with universities?

text: academic freedom

question: What charter was adopted in the 11th century?

text: the Constitutio Habita

question: What university restricted the right of of scholars to travel?

text: The University of Bologna

question: What did the Constitution Habita guarantee to all travelers?

text: unhindered passage

question: In terms of academics what is a core requirement of a rector?

text: academic freedom

question: What was the first monestery?

text: University of Bologna

question: What charter is said to be the first establishing education in a university?

text: Constitutio Habita

question: What did the Magna Charta Universitatum say students were allowed?

question: What marked the 430th anniversary of Bologna's foundation?

text: Magna Charta Universitatum


text: Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: gas

text: dihydrogen

text: or

text: molecular

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: highly

text: flammable

text: and

text: will

text: burn

text: in

text: air

text: at

text: a

text: very

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: concentrations

text: between

text: and

text: by

text: volume

text: The

text: enthalpy

text: of

text: combustion

text: for

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: kJ

text: mol

question: For hydrogen what is the enthalpy of combustion?

answer: 286 kJ/mol

text: 286 kJ/mol

question: What are two forms of hydrogen gas?

answer: dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen

text: dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen

question: Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol?

answer: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen


text: On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: On

text: March

text: Sassou

text: Nguesso

text: announced

text: that

text: his

text: government

text: would

text: hold

text: a

text: referendum

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: constitution

text: and

text: allow

text: him

text: to

text: run

text: for

text: a

text: third

text: consecutive

text: term

text: in

text: office

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: government

text: held

text: a

text: referendum

text: to

text: allow

text: Sassou

text: Nguesso

text: to

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: election

text: The

text: government

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: proposal

text: as

text: approved

text: by

text: percent

text: of

text: voters

text: with

text: percent

text: of

text: eligible

text: voters

text: participating

text: The

text: opposition

text: who

text: had

text: boycotted

text: the

text: referendum

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: statistics

text: were

text: false

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: vote

text: was

text: a

text: sham

question: When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?

answer: March 27, 2015

text: March 27, 2015

question: Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?

answer: third

text: third

question: When did Sassou announce that his government would not change the 2002 constitution?

text: March 27, 2015

question: What changed the 2015 constitution?

text: referendum

question: What percentage of people did the government claim opposed the proposal?

question: What percentage of people did the government claim did not vote?

question: What allowed Sassou to run for a second term?

text: referendum


text: Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the "father of the computer", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Charles

text: Babbage

text: an

text: English

text: mechanical

text: engineer

text: and

text: polymath

text: originated

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: programmable

text: computer

text: Considered

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: he

text: conceptualized

text: and

text: invented

text: the

text: first

text: mechanical

text: computer

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: After

text: working

text: on

text: his

text: revolutionary

text: difference

text: engine

text: designed

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: navigational

text: calculations

text: in

text: he

text: realized

text: that

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: general

text: design

text: an

text: Analytical

text: Engine

text: was

text: possible

text: The

text: input

text: of

text: programs

text: and

text: data

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: provided

text: to

text: the

text: machine

text: via

text: punched

text: cards

text: a

text: method

text: being

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: to

text: direct

text: mechanical

text: looms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Jacquard

text: loom

text: For

text: output

text: the

text: machine

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: printer

text: a

text: curve

text: plotter

text: and

text: a

text: bell

text: The

text: machine

text: would

text: also

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: punch

text: numbers

text: onto

text: cards

text: to

text: be

text: read

text: in

text: later

text: The

text: Engine

text: incorporated

text: an

text: arithmetic

text: logic

text: unit

text: control

text: flow

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: conditional

text: branching

text: and

text: loops

text: and

text: integrated

text: memory

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: first

text: design

text: for

text: a

text: general

text: purpose

text: computer

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: described

text: in

text: modern

text: terms

text: as

text: Turing

text: complete

question: Who invented the concept of a programmable computer?

answer: Charles Babbage

text: Charles Babbage

question: Who is considered the "father of the computer"?

answer: Charles Babbage

text: Charles Babbage

question: During what century was the first mechanical computer invented by Charles Babbage?

answer: early 19th century

text: early 19th century

question: What year did Charles Babbage find out that An Analytical Engine was possible?

answer: 1833


text: In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies. First, the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA).:6.1 Second, that mRNA is translated to protein.:6.2 RNA-coding genes must still go through the first step, but are not translated into protein. The process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein is called gene expression, and the resulting molecule is called a gene product.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: In

text: all

text: organisms

text: two

text: steps

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: read

text: the

text: information

text: encoded

text: in

text: a

text: gene

text: 's

text: DNA

text: and

text: produce

text: the

text: protein

text: it

text: specifies

text: First

text: the

text: gene

text: 's

text: DNA

text: is

text: transcribed

text: to

text: messenger

text: RNA

text: Second

text: that

text: mRNA

text: is

text: translated

text: to

text: RNA

text: coding

text: genes

text: must

text: still

text: go

text: through

text: the

text: first

text: step

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: translated

text: into

text: protein

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: producing

text: a

text: biologically

text: functional

text: molecule

text: of

text: either

text: RNA

text: or

text: protein

text: is

text: called

text: gene

text: expression

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: molecule

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: gene

text: product

question: How many steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the specified protein?

answer: two steps are required

text: two steps are required

question: What is the first step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?

answer: the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA)

text: the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA)

question: What is the second step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?

answer: mRNA is translated to protein

text: mRNA is translated to protein

question: What step must RNA-coding genes still go through?

answer: the first step

text: the first step

question: What is the process of producing a biologically functional molecule of either RNA or protein called?

answer: gene expression

text: gene expression


text: Boston's early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine (after its "three mountains"—only traces of which remain today) but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the origin of several prominent colonists. The renaming, on September 7, 1630 (Old Style),[b] was by Puritan colonists from England, who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was initially limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River and connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. The peninsula is known to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: 's

text: early

text: European

text: settlers

text: had

text: first

text: called

text: the

text: area

text: Trimountaine

text: after

text: its

text: three

text: mountains

text: only

text: traces

text: of

text: which

text: remain

text: today

text: but

text: later

text: renamed

text: it

text: Boston

text: after

text: Boston

text: Lincolnshire

text: England

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: several

text: prominent

text: colonists

text: The

text: renaming

text: on

text: September

text: Old

text: Style),[b

text: was

text: by

text: Puritan

text: colonists

text: from

text: England

text: who

text: had

text: moved

text: over

text: from

text: Charlestown

text: earlier

text: that

text: year

text: in

text: quest

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: Their

text: settlement

text: was

text: initially

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: Shawmut

text: Peninsula

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Massachusetts

text: Bay

text: and

text: Charles

text: River

text: and

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: by

text: a

text: narrow

text: isthmus

text: The

text: peninsula

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: inhabited

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: BC

question: What did Boston's early settlers call the area?

answer: Trimountaine

text: Trimountaine

question: What does Trimountaine mean?

answer: three mountains

text: three mountains

question: What year was the city renamed Boston?

answer: 1630

question: Who named the city Boston?

answer: Puritan colonists from England

text: Puritan colonists from England

question: What were the puritan colonists searching for when they came to Boston?

answer: fresh water

text: fresh water


text: On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Deputies

text: adopted

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: State

text: Sovereignty

text: On

text: June

text: Boris

text: Yeltsin

text: was

text: elected

text: the

text: first

text: President

text: On

text: December

text: heads

text: of

text: Russia

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: signed

text: the

text: Belavezha

text: Accords

text: The

text: agreement

text: declared

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: by

text: its

text: founder

text: states

text: i.e.

text: denunciation

text: of

text: Treaty

text: on

text: the

text: Creation

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: CIS

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: agreement

text: was

text: ratified

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: Parliament

text: therefore

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: denounced

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: the

text: Creation

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: de

text: facto

text: declared

text: Russia

text: 's

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: USSR

question: On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted?

answer: June 12, 1990

text: June 12, 1990

question: Who became president on June 12, 1991?

answer: Boris Yeltsin

text: Boris Yeltsin

question: On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed?

answer: December 8, 1991

text: December 8, 1991

question: When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords?

answer: December 12

text: December 12

question: What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede?

answer: 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR

text: 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR

question: On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty rejected?

text: June 12, 1990

question: Who became prime minister on June 12, 1991?

text: Boris Yeltsin

question: On what date were the Belavezha Accords rejected?

text: December 8, 1991

question: When did the Russian Parliament reject the Belavezha Accords?

text: December 12

question: What agreement did the Belavezha Accords superimpose?

text: 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR


text: Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei says that according to the popular explanation among the later exegetes, ta'wil indicates the particular meaning a verse is directed towards. The meaning of revelation (tanzil), as opposed to ta'wil, is clear in its accordance to the obvious meaning of the words as they were revealed. But this explanation has become so widespread that, at present, it has become the primary meaning of ta'wil, which originally meant "to return" or "the returning place". In Tabatabaei's view, what has been rightly called ta'wil, or hermeneutic interpretation of the Quran, is not concerned simply with the denotation of words. Rather, it is concerned with certain truths and realities that transcend the comprehension of the common run of men; yet it is from these truths and realities that the principles of doctrine and the practical injunctions of the Quran issue forth. Interpretation is not the meaning of the verse—rather it transpires through that meaning, in a special sort of transpiration. There is a spiritual reality—which is the main objective of ordaining a law, or the basic aim in describing a divine attribute—and then there is an actual significance that a Quranic story refers to.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: Muhammad

text: Husayn

text: Tabatabaei

text: says

text: that

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: popular

text: explanation

text: among

text: the

text: later

text: exegetes

text: ta'wil

text: indicates

text: the

text: particular

text: meaning

text: a

text: verse

text: is

text: directed

text: towards

text: The

text: meaning

text: of

text: revelation

text: tanzil

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: ta'wil

text: is

text: clear

text: in

text: its

text: accordance

text: to

text: the

text: obvious

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: words

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: revealed

text: But

text: this

text: explanation

text: has

text: become

text: so

text: widespread

text: that

text: at

text: present

text: it

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: primary

text: meaning

text: of

text: ta'wil

text: which

text: originally

text: meant

text: to

text: return

text: or

text: the

text: returning

text: place

text: In

text: Tabatabaei

text: 's

text: view

text: what

text: has

text: been

text: rightly

text: called

text: ta'wil

text: or

text: hermeneutic

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: is

text: not

text: concerned

text: simply

text: with

text: the

text: denotation

text: of

text: words

text: Rather

text: it

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: certain

text: truths

text: and

text: realities

text: that

text: transcend

text: the

text: comprehension

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: run

text: of

text: men

text: yet

text: it

text: is

text: from

text: these

text: truths

text: and

text: realities

text: that

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: doctrine

text: and

text: the

text: practical

text: injunctions

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: issue

text: forth

text: Interpretation

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: verse

text: rather

text: it

text: transpires

text: through

text: that

text: meaning

text: in

text: a

text: special

text: sort

text: of

text: transpiration

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: spiritual

text: reality

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: objective

text: of

text: ordaining

text: a

text: law

text: or

text: the

text: basic

text: aim

text: in

text: describing

text: a

text: divine

text: attribute

text: and

text: then

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: actual

text: significance

text: that

text: a

text: Quranic

text: story

text: refers

text: to

question: What can interpretation find that lies the behind the apparent events referred to in a Quranic story?

answer: a spiritual reality

text: a spiritual reality

question: What was the original meaning of ta'wil?

answer: "to return" or "the returning place"

text: "to return" or "the returning place"

question: What philosophical term corresponds to the type of interpretation in ta'wil?

answer: hermeneutic

text: hermeneutic

question: What can misinterpretation find that lies the behind the apparent events referred to in a Quranic story?

text: a spiritual reality

question: What can interpretation find that lies the behind the inapparent events referred to in a Quranic story?

text: a spiritual reality

question: What was the final meaning of ta'wil?

text: "to return" or "the returning place"

question: What wasn't the original meaning of ta'wil?

text: "to return" or "the returning place"

question: What biographical term corresponds to the type of interpretation in ta'wil?

text: hermeneutic


text: A study from the Mediterranean Migration Observatory maintains that the 2001 census recorded 762,191 persons residing in Greece without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with privileged status. The majority come from Eastern European countries: Albania (56%), Bulgaria (5%) and Romania (3%), while migrants from the former Soviet Union (Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.) comprise 10% of the total. Some of the immigrants from Albania are from the Greek minority in Albania centred on the region of Northern Epirus. In addition the total Albanian national population which includes temporary migrants and undocumented persons is around 600,000.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: A

text: study

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Migration

text: Observatory

text: maintains

text: that

text: the

text: census

text: recorded

text: persons

text: residing

text: in

text: Greece

text: without

text: Greek

text: citizenship

text: constituting

text: around

text: of

text: total

text: population

text: Of

text: the

text: non

text: citizen

text: residents

text: were

text: EU

text: or

text: European

text: Free

text: Trade

text: Association

text: nationals

text: and

text: were

text: Cypriots

text: with

text: privileged

text: status

text: The

text: majority

text: come

text: from

text: Eastern

text: European

text: countries

text: Albania

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: Romania

text: while

text: migrants

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Georgia

text: Russia

text: Ukraine

text: Moldova

text: etc

text: comprise

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: immigrants

text: from

text: Albania

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: minority

text: in

text: Albania

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Northern

text: Epirus

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: total

text: Albanian

text: national

text: population

text: which

text: includes

text: temporary

text: migrants

text: and

text: undocumented

text: persons

text: is

text: around

question: In 2001, how many Greek residents were not citizens?

answer: 762,191

question: In 2001, what was the population percentage of resident non-citizens?

answer: 7%

question: From where did most non-citizen residents come?

answer: Eastern European countries

text: Eastern European countries

question: What is the total Albanian population in Greece?

answer: 600,000


text: Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill sheep. Wolves in Russia apparently limit feral dog populations. In Wisconsin, more compensation has been paid for dog losses than livestock. Some wolf pairs have been reported to prey on dogs by having one wolf lure the dog out into heavy brush where the second animal waits in ambush. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Although

text: large

text: wild

text: dogs

text: like

text: wolves

text: are

text: apex

text: predators

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: killed

text: in

text: territory

text: disputes

text: with

text: wild

text: animals

text: Furthermore

text: in

text: areas

text: where

text: both

text: dogs

text: and

text: other

text: large

text: predators

text: live

text: dogs

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: major

text: food

text: source

text: for

text: big

text: cats

text: or

text: canines

text: Reports

text: from

text: Croatia

text: indicate

text: wolves

text: kill

text: dogs

text: more

text: frequently

text: than

text: they

text: kill

text: sheep

text: Wolves

text: in

text: Russia

text: apparently

text: limit

text: feral

text: dog

text: populations

text: In

text: Wisconsin

text: more

text: compensation

text: has

text: been

text: paid

text: for

text: dog

text: losses

text: than

text: livestock

text: Some

text: wolf

text: pairs

text: have

text: been

text: reported

text: to

text: prey

text: on

text: dogs

text: by

text: having

text: one

text: wolf

text: lure

text: the

text: dog

text: out

text: into

text: heavy

text: brush

text: where

text: the

text: second

text: animal

text: waits

text: in

text: ambush

text: In

text: some

text: instances

text: wolves

text: have

text: displayed

text: an

text: uncharacteristic

text: fearlessness

text: of

text: humans

text: and

text: buildings

text: when

text: attacking

text: dogs

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: beaten

text: off

text: or

text: killed

question: Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator?

answer: apex

text: apex

question: Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs?

answer: fearless

text: fearless

question: What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia?

answer: dogs

text: dogs

question: Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs?

answer: apex

text: apex

question: Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?

answer: sheep

text: sheep

question: What limits the feral dog population in Russia?

answer: Wolves

text: Wolves


text: Established acts benefited from the new commercial climate, with Whitesnake's self-titled album (1987) selling over 17 million copies, outperforming anything in Coverdale's or Deep Purple's catalogue before or since. It featured the rock anthem "Here I Go Again '87" as one of 4 UK top 20 singles. The follow-up Slip of the Tongue (1989) went platinum, but according to critics Steve Erlwine and Greg Prato, "it was a considerable disappointment after the across-the-board success of Whitesnake". Aerosmith's comeback album Permanent Vacation (1987) would begin a decade long revival of their popularity. Crazy Nights (1987) by Kiss was the band's highest charting release in the US since 1979 and the highest of their career in the UK. Mötley Crüe with Girls, Girls, Girls (1987) continued their commercial success and Def Leppard with Hysteria (1987) hit their commercial peak, the latter producing seven hit singles (a record for a hard rock act). Guns N' Roses released the best-selling début of all time, Appetite for Destruction (1987). With a "grittier" and "rawer" sound than most glam metal, it produced three top 10 hits, including the number one "Sweet Child O' Mine". Some of the glam rock bands that formed in the mid-1980s, such as White Lion and Cinderella experienced their biggest success during this period with their respective albums Pride (1987) and Long Cold Winter (1988) both going multi-platinum and launching a series of hit singles. In the last years of the decade, the most notable successes were New Jersey (1988) by Bon Jovi, OU812 (1988) by Van Halen, Open Up and Say... Ahh! (1988) by Poison, Pump (1989) by Aerosmith, and Mötley Crüe's most commercially successful album Dr. Feelgood (1989). New Jersey spawned five Top 10 singles, a record for a hard rock act. In 1988 from 25 June to 5 November, the number one spot on the Billboard 200 album chart was held by a hard rock album for 18 out of 20 consecutive weeks; the albums were OU812, Hysteria, Appetite for Destruction, and New Jersey. A final wave of glam rock bands arrived in the late 1980s, and experienced success with multi-platinum albums and hit singles from 1989 until the early 1990s, among them Extreme, Warrant Slaughter and FireHouse. Skid Row also released their eponymous début (1989), reaching number six on the Billboard 200, but they were to be one of the last major bands that emerged in the glam rock era.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Established

text: acts

text: benefited

text: from

text: the

text: new

text: commercial

text: climate

text: with

text: Whitesnake

text: 's

text: self

text: titled

text: album

text: selling

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: outperforming

text: anything

text: in

text: Coverdale

text: 's

text: or

text: Deep

text: Purple

text: 's

text: catalogue

text: before

text: or

text: since

text: It

text: featured

text: the

text: rock

text: anthem

text: Here

text: I

text: Go

text: Again

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: UK

text: top

text: singles

text: The

text: follow

text: up

text: Slip

text: of

text: the

text: Tongue

text: went

text: platinum

text: but

text: according

text: to

text: critics

text: Steve

text: Erlwine

text: and

text: Greg

text: Prato

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: considerable

text: disappointment

text: after

text: the

text: across

text: the

text: board

text: success

text: of

text: Whitesnake

text: Aerosmith

text: 's

text: comeback

text: album

text: Permanent

text: Vacation

text: would

text: begin

text: a

text: decade

text: long

text: revival

text: of

text: their

text: popularity

text: Crazy

text: Nights

text: by

text: Kiss

text: was

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: highest

text: charting

text: release

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: since

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: of

text: their

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Mötley

text: Crüe

text: with

text: Girls

text: Girls

text: Girls

text: continued

text: their

text: commercial

text: success

text: and

text: Def

text: Leppard

text: with

text: Hysteria

text: hit

text: their

text: commercial

text: peak

text: the

text: latter

text: producing

text: seven

text: hit

text: singles

text: a

text: record

text: for

text: a

text: hard

text: rock

text: act

text: Guns

text: N

text: Roses

text: released

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: début

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Appetite

text: for

text: Destruction

text: With

text: a

text: grittier

text: and

text: rawer

text: sound

text: than

text: most

text: glam

text: metal

text: it

text: produced

text: three

text: top

text: hits

text: including

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: Sweet

text: Child

text: O

text: Mine

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: glam

text: rock

text: bands

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: such

text: as

text: White

text: Lion

text: and

text: Cinderella

text: experienced

text: their

text: biggest

text: success

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: with

text: their

text: respective

text: albums

text: Pride

text: and

text: Long

text: Cold

text: Winter

text: both

text: going

text: multi

text: platinum

text: and

text: launching

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: hit

text: singles

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: successes

text: were

text: New

text: Jersey

text: by

text: Bon

text: Jovi

text: by

text: Van

text: Halen

text: Open

text: Up

text: and

text: Say

text: Ahh

text: by

text: Poison

text: Pump

text: by

text: Aerosmith

text: and

text: Mötley

text: Crüe

text: 's

text: most

text: commercially

text: successful

text: album

text: Dr.

text: Feelgood

text: New

text: Jersey

text: spawned

text: five

text: Top

text: singles

text: a

text: record

text: for

text: a

text: hard

text: rock

text: act

text: In

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: November

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: spot

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: album

text: chart

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: a

text: hard

text: rock

text: album

text: for

text: out

text: of

text: consecutive

text: weeks

text: the

text: albums

text: were

text: Hysteria

text: Appetite

text: for

text: Destruction

text: and

text: New

text: Jersey

text: A

text: final

text: wave

text: of

text: glam

text: rock

text: bands

text: arrived

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: experienced

text: success

text: with

text: multi

text: platinum

text: albums

text: and

text: hit

text: singles

text: from

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: among

text: them

text: Extreme

text: Warrant

text: Slaughter

text: and

text: FireHouse

text: Skid

text: Row

text: also

text: released

text: their

text: eponymous

text: début

text: reaching

text: number

text: six

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: bands

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: glam

text: rock

text: era

question: How many copies did Whitesnake's 1987 self title album sell?

answer: 17 million

text: 17 million

question: What was the title of Aerosmith's 1987 comeback album?

answer: Permanent Vacation

text: Permanent Vacation

question: Def Leppard's album Hysteria churned out how many hit singles?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What Guns N Roses album was the second best selling debut of all time?

answer: Appetite for Destruction

text: Appetite for Destruction

question: What Guns N Roses song became a number one single?

answer: "Sweet Child O' Mine"

text: "Sweet Child O' Mine"

question: What was benefited by the established acts?

text: the new commercial climate

question: By how many albums did Deep Purple outsell Witesnake's self-titled album?

text: 17 million copies

question: What did Steve Erlwine and Greg Prato call the performance of Deep Purples' song Here I Go Again?

text: it was a considerable disappointment

question: With what song did Motley Crue reach their commercial peak?

text: Girls, Girls, Girls

question: What was number one on the Billboard 200 album charts for 20 consecutive weeks in 1988?

text: a hard rock album


text: Other international standards bodies have ratified character encodings such as ISO/IEC 646 that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States, such as the symbol for the United Kingdom's pound sterling (£). Almost every country needed an adapted version of ASCII, since ASCII suited the needs of only the USA and a few other countries. For example, Canada had its own version that supported French characters. Other adapted encodings include ISCII (India), VISCII (Vietnam), and YUSCII (Yugoslavia). Although these encodings are sometimes referred to as ASCII, true ASCII is defined strictly only by the ANSI standard.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: Other

text: international

text: standards

text: bodies

text: have

text: ratified

text: character

text: encodings

text: such

text: as

text: ISO

text: IEC

text: that

text: are

text: identical

text: or

text: nearly

text: identical

text: to

text: ASCII

text: with

text: extensions

text: for

text: characters

text: outside

text: the

text: English

text: alphabet

text: and

text: symbols

text: used

text: outside

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: symbol

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: pound

text: sterling

text: Almost

text: every

text: country

text: needed

text: an

text: adapted

text: version

text: of

text: ASCII

text: since

text: ASCII

text: suited

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: only

text: the

text: USA

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: other

text: countries

text: For

text: example

text: Canada

text: had

text: its

text: own

text: version

text: that

text: supported

text: French

text: characters

text: Other

text: adapted

text: encodings

text: include

text: ISCII

text: India

text: VISCII

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: YUSCII

text: Yugoslavia

text: Although

text: these

text: encodings

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: ASCII

text: true

text: ASCII

text: is

text: defined

text: strictly

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: ANSI

text: standard

question: What is a retified versionof ASCII?

answer: ISO/IEC 646

text: ISO/IEC 646

question: What type of extensions do these other character encodings have?

answer: extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States

text: extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States

question: Why did most countries need a adapted version of ASCII?

answer: ASCII suited the needs of only the USA and a few other countries

text: ASCII suited the needs of only the USA and a few other countries

question: Why are the other versions of ASCII not true ASCII?

answer: true ASCII is defined strictly only by the ANSI standard

text: true ASCII is defined strictly only by the ANSI standard

question: What is an identical version of ASCII?

text: ISO/IEC 646

question: What type of extensions do these other standard bodies have?

question: Why did Brasil need an adapted version of ASCII?

question: Why are the other versions of ASCII charging extra for extensions?

question: What country had it own version that supported international standards?

text: Canada


text: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Old

text: Style

text: OS

text: and

text: New

text: Style

text: NS

text: are

text: sometimes

text: added

text: to

text: dates

text: to

text: identify

text: which

text: system

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: immediately

text: change

text: Because

text: the

text: Calendar

text: Act

text: of

text: altered

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: also

text: aligned

text: the

text: British

text: calendar

text: with

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: confusion

text: as

text: to

text: what

text: these

text: terms

text: mean

text: They

text: can

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Julian

text: year

text: has

text: been

text: adjusted

text: to

text: start

text: on

text: January

text: NS

text: even

text: though

text: contemporary

text: documents

text: use

text: a

text: different

text: start

text: of

text: year

text: OS

text: or

text: to

text: indicate

text: that

text: a

text: date

text: conforms

text: to

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: OS

text: formerly

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: NS

question: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?

answer: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style"

text: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style"

question: When was the Calendar act enacted?

answer: 1750

question: With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?

answer: Gregorian calendar

text: Gregorian calendar

question: What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause?

answer: confusion

text: confusion

question: What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar?

answer: Calendar Act of 1750

text: Calendar Act of 1750

question: Why are old-style new style not using the British Empire?

text: did not immediately change

question: What did the calendar after 1752 to clarify the meaning of old-style new style?

question: What did the calendar act aligned with the British calendar?

text: Gregorian calendar

question: What this OS indicate January 1 is?


text: Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion. For the first time in history, the Burmese language and culture came to predominate the entire Irrawaddy valley. The evolution and growth of Burmese literature and theatre continued, aided by an extremely high adult male literacy rate for the era (half of all males and 5% of females). Nonetheless, the extent and pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient to stem the advance of British colonialism.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Konbaung

text: kings

text: extended

text: Restored

text: Toungoo

text: 's

text: administrative

text: reforms

text: and

text: achieved

text: unprecedented

text: levels

text: of

text: internal

text: control

text: and

text: external

text: expansion

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: history

text: the

text: Burmese

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: came

text: to

text: predominate

text: the

text: entire

text: Irrawaddy

text: valley

text: The

text: evolution

text: and

text: growth

text: of

text: Burmese

text: literature

text: and

text: theatre

text: continued

text: aided

text: by

text: an

text: extremely

text: high

text: adult

text: male

text: literacy

text: rate

text: for

text: the

text: era

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: males

text: and

text: of

text: females

text: Nonetheless

text: the

text: extent

text: and

text: pace

text: of

text: reforms

text: were

text: uneven

text: and

text: ultimately

text: proved

text: insufficient

text: to

text: stem

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: British

text: colonialism

question: What language eventually came to power in the Irrawaddy valley ?

answer: Burmese language

text: Burmese language

question: What was the literacy rate for the Burmese people during the big period of artistic growth?

answer: half of all males and 5% of females

text: half of all males and 5% of females

question: Did changes move along at a uniform pace for the Burmese people?

answer: pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient

text: pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient

question: What country was Burma a colony of ?

answer: British

text: British

question: What are the kings of the Konbaung monarchy famed for in their rule?

answer: Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion

text: Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion


text: Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, proclaimed his independence and began minting coins showing himself wearing a royal diadem and claiming kingship. He ruled until 238 BCE when Arsaces, the leader of the Parni tribe conquered Parthia, killing Andragoras and inaugurating the Arsacid Dynasty. Antiochus III recaptured Arsacid controlled territory in 209 BC from Arsaces II. Arsaces II sued for peace became a vassal of the Seleucids and it was not until the reign of Phraates I (168–165 BCE), that the Arsacids would again begin to assert their independence.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Parthia

text: was

text: a

text: north

text: eastern

text: Iranian

text: satrapy

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: empire

text: which

text: later

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: empire

text: Under

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: Parthia

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: various

text: Greek

text: satraps

text: such

text: as

text: Nicanor

text: and

text: Philip

text: satrap

text: In

text: BC

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Antiochus

text: II

text: Theos

text: Andragoras

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: governor

text: of

text: Parthia

text: proclaimed

text: his

text: independence

text: and

text: began

text: minting

text: coins

text: showing

text: himself

text: wearing

text: a

text: royal

text: diadem

text: and

text: claiming

text: kingship

text: He

text: ruled

text: until

text: BCE

text: when

text: Arsaces

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Parni

text: tribe

text: conquered

text: Parthia

text: killing

text: Andragoras

text: and

text: inaugurating

text: the

text: Arsacid

text: Dynasty

text: Antiochus

text: III

text: recaptured

text: Arsacid

text: controlled

text: territory

text: in

text: BC

text: from

text: Arsaces

text: II

text: Arsaces

text: II

text: sued

text: for

text: peace

text: became

text: a

text: vassal

text: of

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Phraates

text: I

text: BCE

text: that

text: the

text: Arsacids

text: would

text: again

text: begin

text: to

text: assert

text: their

text: independence

question: When did Andragoras proclaim his independence?

answer: 247 BC

text: 247 BC

question: When did Andragoras' reign end?

answer: 238 BCE

text: 238 BCE

question: Who killed Andragoras?

answer: Arsaces

text: Arsaces

question: What tribe was Arsaces the leader of?

answer: Parni

text: Parni

question: When did Antiochus III regain territory from Arsaces II?

answer: 209 BC

text: 209 BC