text: In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: In

text: salt

text: water

text: taffy

text: was

text: conceived

text: in

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: by

text: David

text: Bradley

text: The

text: traditional

text: story

text: is

text: that

text: Bradley

text: 's

text: shop

text: was

text: flooded

text: after

text: a

text: major

text: storm

text: soaking

text: his

text: taffy

text: with

text: salty

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: water

text: He

text: sold

text: some

text: salt

text: water

text: taffy

text: to

text: a

text: girl

text: who

text: proudly

text: walked

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: beach

text: to

text: show

text: her

text: friends

text: Bradley

text: 's

text: mother

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: the

text: store

text: when

text: the

text: sale

text: was

text: made

text: and

text: loved

text: the

text: name

text: and

text: so

text: salt

text: water

text: taffy

text: was

text: born

question: In what year was salt water taffy conceived?

answer: 1883

question: Who was the creator of salt water taffy?

answer: David Bradley

text: David Bradley

question: What happened to David Bradley's shop that led to the creation of salt water taffy?

answer: Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm

text: Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm

question: Who did Bradley sell salt water taffy to for the first time?

answer: a girl

text: a girl

question: Where did the water come from for the creation of the first salt water taffy?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean


text: The only technical university in Mauritius is the University of Technology, Mauritius with its main campus situated in La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables. It has a specialized mission with a technology focus. It applies traditional and beyond traditional approaches to teaching, training, research and consultancy. The university has been founded with the aim to play a key role in the economic and social development of Mauritius through the development of programmes of direct relevance to the country’s needs, for example in areas like technology, sustainable development science, and public sector policy and management.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: The

text: only

text: technical

text: university

text: in

text: Mauritius

text: is

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: Mauritius

text: with

text: its

text: main

text: campus

text: situated

text: in

text: La

text: Tour

text: Koenig

text: Pointe

text: aux

text: Sables

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: specialized

text: mission

text: with

text: a

text: technology

text: focus

text: It

text: applies

text: traditional

text: and

text: beyond

text: traditional

text: approaches

text: to

text: teaching

text: training

text: research

text: and

text: consultancy

text: The

text: university

text: has

text: been

text: founded

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: to

text: play

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: development

text: of

text: Mauritius

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: programmes

text: of

text: direct

text: relevance

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: ’s

text: needs

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: areas

text: like

text: technology

text: sustainable

text: development

text: science

text: and

text: public

text: sector

text: policy

text: and

text: management

question: What's the name of Mauritius's sole technical university?

answer: University of Technology, Mauritius

text: University of Technology, Mauritius

question: What's the focus of Mauritius's University of Technology's specialized mission?

answer: technology

text: technology


text: Pesticide use raises a number of environmental concerns. Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including non-target species, air, water and soil. Pesticide drift occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them. Pesticides are one of the causes of water pollution, and some pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and contribute to soil contamination.

title: Pesticide

title: Pesticide

text: Pesticide

text: use

text: raises

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: environmental

text: concerns

text: Over

text: of

text: sprayed

text: insecticides

text: and

text: of

text: herbicides

text: reach

text: a

text: destination

text: other

text: than

text: their

text: target

text: species

text: including

text: non

text: target

text: species

text: air

text: water

text: and

text: soil

text: Pesticide

text: drift

text: occurs

text: when

text: pesticides

text: suspended

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: as

text: particles

text: are

text: carried

text: by

text: wind

text: to

text: other

text: areas

text: potentially

text: contaminating

text: them

text: Pesticides

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: water

text: pollution

text: and

text: some

text: pesticides

text: are

text: persistent

text: organic

text: pollutants

text: and

text: contribute

text: to

text: soil

text: contamination

question: What pecentage of sprayed pesticides affect the wrong species?

answer: Over 98%

text: Over 98%

question: What is affected when pesticides don't reach their target?

answer: non-target species, air, water and soil

text: non-target species, air, water and soil

question: What is it called when pesticides are caught in the wind and carried to unintended areas?

answer: Pesticide drift

text: Pesticide drift

question: Pesticides contribute to what sort of pollution?

answer: water pollution

text: water pollution

question: What is the effect of pesticide drift?

answer: potentially contaminating

text: potentially contaminating

question: What are contaminated bugs living in water one of the causes of?

text: water pollution

question: What percentage of species are able to live in polluted water?

question: What do animals digging in the soil for food contribute to?

text: soil contamination

question: What concerns are raised when thinking about animals digging in the soil for food?

text: environmental

question: What percentage of people want to eat organic food?


text: During its formative period, the term madrasah referred to a higher education institution, whose curriculum initially included only the "religious sciences", whilst philosophy and the secular sciences were often excluded. The curriculum slowly began to diversify, with many later madaris teaching both the religious and the "secular sciences", such as logic, mathematics and philosophy. Some madaris further extended their curriculum to history, politics, ethics, music, metaphysics, medicine, astronomy and chemistry. The curriculum of a madrasah was usually set by its founder, but most generally taught both the religious sciences and the physical sciences. Madaris were established throughout the Islamic world, examples being the 9th century University of al-Qarawiyyin, the 10th century al-Azhar University (the most famous), the 11th century Niẓāmīyah, as well as 75 madaris in Cairo, 51 in Damascus and up to 44 in Aleppo between 1155 and 1260. Many more were also established in the Andalusian cities of Córdoba, Seville, Toledo, Granada (Madrasah of Granada), Murcia, Almería, Valencia and Cádiz during the Caliphate of Córdoba.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: During

text: its

text: formative

text: period

text: the

text: term

text: madrasah

text: referred

text: to

text: a

text: higher

text: education

text: institution

text: whose

text: curriculum

text: initially

text: included

text: only

text: the

text: religious

text: sciences

text: whilst

text: philosophy

text: and

text: the

text: secular

text: sciences

text: were

text: often

text: excluded

text: The

text: curriculum

text: slowly

text: began

text: to

text: diversify

text: with

text: many

text: later

text: madaris

text: teaching

text: both

text: the

text: religious

text: and

text: the

text: secular

text: sciences

text: such

text: as

text: logic

text: mathematics

text: and

text: philosophy

text: Some

text: madaris

text: further

text: extended

text: their

text: curriculum

text: to

text: history

text: politics

text: ethics

text: music

text: metaphysics

text: medicine

text: astronomy

text: and

text: chemistry

text: The

text: curriculum

text: of

text: a

text: madrasah

text: was

text: usually

text: set

text: by

text: its

text: founder

text: but

text: most

text: generally

text: taught

text: both

text: the

text: religious

text: sciences

text: and

text: the

text: physical

text: sciences

text: Madaris

text: were

text: established

text: throughout

text: the

text: Islamic

text: world

text: examples

text: being

text: the

text: century

text: University

text: of

text: al

text: Qarawiyyin

text: the

text: century

text: al

text: Azhar

text: University

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: the

text: century

text: Niẓāmīyah

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: madaris

text: in

text: Cairo

text: in

text: Damascus

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: in

text: Aleppo

text: between

text: and

text: Many

text: more

text: were

text: also

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Andalusian

text: cities

text: of

text: Córdoba

text: Seville

text: Toledo

text: Granada

text: Madrasah

text: of

text: Granada

text: Murcia

text: Almería

text: Valencia

text: and

text: Cádiz

text: during

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: of

text: Córdoba

question: What discipline was studied in traditional madrasah?

answer: religious sciences

text: religious sciences

question: What was traditionally left out of the madrasah curriculum?

answer: philosophy and the secular sciences

text: philosophy and the secular sciences

question: Who decided the content that would be delivered in a particular madrasah?

answer: its founder

text: its founder

question: What is the most widely known madrasah?

answer: al-Azhar University

text: al-Azhar University

question: How many madaris have been founded in Cairo?

answer: 75

question: What discipline was rejected in traditional madrasah?

text: religious sciences

question: What was recently rejected in madrasah?

text: secular sciences

question: Who decided the content that would be rejected in a particular madrasah?

text: its founder

question: What is the least widely known madrasah?

text: al-Azhar University

question: How many madaris have been founded outside of Cairo?


text: The reproductive system of female insects consist of a pair of ovaries, accessory glands, one or more spermathecae, and ducts connecting these parts. The ovaries are made up of a number of egg tubes, called ovarioles, which vary in size and number by species. The number of eggs that the insect is able to make vary by the number of ovarioles with the rate that eggs can be develop being also influenced by ovariole design. Female insects are able make eggs, receive and store sperm, manipulate sperm from different males, and lay eggs. Accessory glands or glandular parts of the oviducts produce a variety of substances for sperm maintenance, transport and fertilization, as well as for protection of eggs. They can produce glue and protective substances for coating eggs or tough coverings for a batch of eggs called oothecae. Spermathecae are tubes or sacs in which sperm can be stored between the time of mating and the time an egg is fertilized.:880

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: The

text: reproductive

text: system

text: of

text: female

text: insects

text: consist

text: of

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: ovaries

text: accessory

text: glands

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: spermathecae

text: and

text: ducts

text: connecting

text: these

text: parts

text: The

text: ovaries

text: are

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: egg

text: tubes

text: called

text: ovarioles

text: which

text: vary

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: number

text: by

text: species

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: eggs

text: that

text: the

text: insect

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: make

text: vary

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: ovarioles

text: with

text: the

text: rate

text: that

text: eggs

text: can

text: be

text: develop

text: being

text: also

text: influenced

text: by

text: ovariole

text: design

text: Female

text: insects

text: are

text: able

text: make

text: eggs

text: receive

text: and

text: store

text: sperm

text: manipulate

text: sperm

text: from

text: different

text: males

text: and

text: lay

text: eggs

text: Accessory

text: glands

text: or

text: glandular

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: oviducts

text: produce

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: substances

text: for

text: sperm

text: maintenance

text: transport

text: and

text: fertilization

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: protection

text: of

text: eggs

text: They

text: can

text: produce

text: glue

text: and

text: protective

text: substances

text: for

text: coating

text: eggs

text: or

text: tough

text: coverings

text: for

text: a

text: batch

text: of

text: eggs

text: called

text: oothecae

text: Spermathecae

text: are

text: tubes

text: or

text: sacs

text: in

text: which

text: sperm

text: can

text: be

text: stored

text: between

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: mating

text: and

text: the

text: time

text: an

text: egg

text: is

question: Female insects reproductive system contain a pair of what?

answer: ovaries

text: ovaries

question: What kind of glands are in a female insect's reproductive system?

answer: accessory glands

text: accessory glands

question: What connects the parts inside a female insect's reproductive system?

answer: ducts

text: ducts

question: Where are egg tubes are found inside of an insect?

answer: ovaries

text: ovaries

question: What are egg tubes called?

answer: ovarioles

text: ovarioles


text: Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start, which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives. The first topless Page 3 model appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn; she was tagged as a "Birthday Suit Girl" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun. A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses. Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic. Lamb expressed some regret at introducing the feature, although denied it was sexist. A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire, was the first to ban the paper from its public library, shortly after Page 3 began, because of its excessive sexual content. This decision was reversed after a sustained campaign by the newspaper itself lasting 16 months, and the election of a Labour-led council in 1971.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: Sex

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: content

text: and

text: marketing

text: the

text: paper

text: from

text: the

text: start

text: which

text: Lamb

text: believed

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: readers

text: lives

text: The

text: first

text: topless

text: Page

text: model

text: appeared

text: on

text: November

text: German

text: born

text: Stephanie

text: Rahn

text: she

text: was

text: tagged

text: as

text: a

text: Birthday

text: Suit

text: Girl

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: first

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: relaunched

text: Sun

text: A

text: topless

text: Page

text: model

text: gradually

text: became

text: a

text: regular

text: fixture

text: and

text: with

text: increasingly

text: risqué

text: poses

text: Both

text: feminists

text: and

text: many

text: cultural

text: conservatives

text: saw

text: the

text: pictures

text: as

text: pornographic

text: and

text: misogynistic

text: Lamb

text: expressed

text: some

text: regret

text: at

text: introducing

text: the

text: feature

text: although

text: denied

text: it

text: was

text: sexist

text: A

text: Conservative

text: council

text: in

text: Sowerby

text: Bridge

text: Yorkshire

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: ban

text: the

text: paper

text: from

text: its

text: public

text: library

text: shortly

text: after

text: Page

text: began

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: excessive

text: sexual

text: content

text: This

text: decision

text: was

text: reversed

text: after

text: a

text: sustained

text: campaign

text: by

text: the

text: newspaper

text: itself

text: lasting

text: months

text: and

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: a

text: Labour

text: led

text: council

text: in

question: What did Lamb employ as an important theme from the beginning of the paper?

answer: Sex

text: Sex

question: When did the first Page 3 model appear topless?

answer: 17 November 1970

text: 17 November 1970

question: Who was the first Page 3 topless model?

answer: Stephanie Rahn

text: Stephanie Rahn

question: Who was the first to prohibit the paper from being in its library?

answer: A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire

text: A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire

question: When was the library ban reversed?

answer: 1971


text: In June 1940, a German prisoner of war was overheard boasting that the British would never find the Knickebein, even though it was under their noses. The details of the conversation were passed to an RAF Air Staff technical advisor, Dr. R. V. Jones, who started an in-depth investigation which discovered that the Luftwaffe's Lorenz receivers were more than blind-landing devices. Jones therefore began a search for the German beams. Avro Ansons of the Beam Approach Training Development Unit (BATDU) were flown up and down Britain fitted with a 30 MHz receiver to detect them. Soon a beam was traced to Derby (which had been mentioned in Luftwaffe transmissions). The first jamming operations were carried out using requisitioned hospital electrocautery machines. A subtle form of distortion was introduced. Up to nine special transmitters directed their signals at the beams in a manner that widened its path, negating its ability to accurately locate targets. Confidence in the device was diminished by the time the Luftwaffe decided to launch large-scale raids. The counter operations were carried out by British Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) units under Wing Commander Edward Addison, No. 80 Wing RAF. The production of false radio navigation signals by re-transmitting the originals was a technique known as masking beacons (meacons).

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: In

text: June

text: a

text: German

text: prisoner

text: of

text: war

text: was

text: overheard

text: boasting

text: that

text: the

text: British

text: would

text: never

text: find

text: the

text: Knickebein

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: under

text: their

text: noses

text: The

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: conversation

text: were

text: passed

text: to

text: an

text: RAF

text: Air

text: Staff

text: technical

text: advisor

text: Dr.

text: R.

text: V.

text: Jones

text: who

text: started

text: an

text: in

text: depth

text: investigation

text: which

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: 's

text: Lorenz

text: receivers

text: were

text: more

text: than

text: blind

text: landing

text: devices

text: Jones

text: therefore

text: began

text: a

text: search

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: beams

text: Avro

text: Ansons

text: of

text: the

text: Beam

text: Approach

text: Training

text: Development

text: Unit

text: BATDU

text: were

text: flown

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: Britain

text: fitted

text: with

text: a

text: MHz

text: receiver

text: to

text: detect

text: them

text: Soon

text: a

text: beam

text: was

text: traced

text: to

text: Derby

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: mentioned

text: in

text: Luftwaffe

text: transmissions

text: The

text: first

text: jamming

text: operations

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: using

text: requisitioned

text: hospital

text: electrocautery

text: machines

text: A

text: subtle

text: form

text: of

text: distortion

text: was

text: introduced

text: Up

text: to

text: nine

text: special

text: transmitters

text: directed

text: their

text: signals

text: at

text: the

text: beams

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: that

text: widened

text: its

text: path

text: negating

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: accurately

text: locate

text: targets

text: Confidence

text: in

text: the

text: device

text: was

text: diminished

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: decided

text: to

text: launch

text: large

text: scale

text: raids

text: The

text: counter

text: operations

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: British

text: Electronic

text: Counter

text: Measures

text: ECM

text: units

text: under

text: Wing

text: Commander

text: Edward

text: Addison

text: No

text: Wing

text: RAF

text: The

text: production

text: of

text: false

text: radio

text: navigation

text: signals

text: by

text: re

text: transmitting

text: the

text: originals

text: was

text: a

text: technique

text: known

text: as

text: masking

text: beacons

text: meacons

question: In 1940 a German prisoner overheard boasting that the British would never find what system?

answer: Knickebein

text: Knickebein

question: Which RAF technical advisor was the conversation passed onto?

answer: Dr. R. V. Jones

text: Dr. R. V. Jones

question: The Bean Approach Training Development Unit were fitted with what kind of transmitter to search for the Knickebein?

answer: 30 MHz receiver

text: 30 MHz receiver

question: The beam was traced to what town?

answer: Derby

text: Derby

question: The first jamming operation was carried out using what machines?

answer: electrocautery machines

text: electrocautery machines


text: The existence of literary and colloquial readings (文白異讀), called tha̍k-im (讀音), is a prominent feature of some Hokkien dialects and indeed in many Sinitic varieties in the south. The bulk of literary readings (文讀, bûn-tha̍k), based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the Tang Dynasty, are mainly used in formal phrases and written language (e.g. philosophical concepts, surnames, and some place names), while the colloquial (or vernacular) ones (白讀, pe̍h-tha̍k) are basically used in spoken language and vulgar phrases. Literary readings are more similar to the pronunciations of the Tang standard of Middle Chinese than their colloquial equivalents.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: The

text: existence

text: of

text: literary

text: and

text: colloquial

text: readings

text: 文白異讀

text: called

text: tha̍k

text: im

text: 讀音

text: is

text: a

text: prominent

text: feature

text: of

text: some

text: Hokkien

text: dialects

text: and

text: indeed

text: in

text: many

text: Sinitic

text: varieties

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: literary

text: readings

text: 文讀

text: bûn

text: tha̍k

text: based

text: on

text: pronunciations

text: of

text: the

text: vernacular

text: during

text: the

text: Tang

text: Dynasty

text: are

text: mainly

text: used

text: in

text: formal

text: phrases

text: and

text: written

text: language

text: e.g.

text: philosophical

text: concepts

text: surnames

text: and

text: some

text: place

text: names

text: while

text: the

text: colloquial

text: or

text: vernacular

text: ones

text: 白讀

text: pe̍h

text: tha̍k

text: are

text: basically

text: used

text: in

text: spoken

text: language

text: and

text: vulgar

text: phrases

text: Literary

text: readings

text: are

text: more

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: pronunciations

text: of

text: the

text: Tang

text: standard

text: of

text: Middle

text: Chinese

text: than

text: their

text: colloquial

text: equivalents

question: What are literary and colloquial readings called?

answer: tha̍k-im

text: tha̍k-im

question: What is another name for colloquial?

answer: vernacular)

text: vernacular)

question: Literary readings are usually used where?

answer: formal phrases and written language

text: formal phrases and written language

question: colloquial reading are usually used where?

answer: spoken language and vulgar phrases

text: spoken language and vulgar phrases

question: What is another term for philosophical concepts that are prominent in Hokkien dialects as well as Sinitic varieties?

text: tha̍k-im

question: What are Sinitic and philosophical concepts called?

text: tha̍k-im

question: To what standard are Hokken dialects similar to?

text: Tang standard of Middle Chinese

question: What is a prominent feature of the Tang standard and also in Sinitic varieties?

question: What are the bulk of surnames based on?


text: Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns. In intensive systems, cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, with some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure. Diseases can also be common and spread rapidly through the flock. In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Both

text: intensive

text: and

text: free

text: range

text: farming

text: have

text: animal

text: welfare

text: concerns

text: In

text: intensive

text: systems

text: cannibalism

text: feather

text: pecking

text: and

text: vent

text: pecking

text: can

text: be

text: common

text: with

text: some

text: farmers

text: using

text: beak

text: trimming

text: as

text: a

text: preventative

text: measure

text: Diseases

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: common

text: and

text: spread

text: rapidly

text: through

text: the

text: flock

text: In

text: extensive

text: systems

text: the

text: birds

text: are

text: exposed

text: to

text: adverse

text: weather

text: conditions

text: and

text: are

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: predators

text: and

text: disease

text: carrying

text: wild

text: birds

text: Barn

text: systems

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: worst

text: bird

text: welfare

text: In

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: disease

text: control

text: in

text: free

text: range

text: farming

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: avian

text: influenza

question: What are some of the major concerns with intensive breeding programs?

answer: cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common

text: cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common

question: What harsh measures do farmers use to prevent the chickens from harming themselves or others?

answer: some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure

text: some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure

question: What are some of the major concerns with extensive breeding programs such as free range ?

answer: the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.

text: the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds.

question: How is the spread of the avian flu related to the conditions in which chickens are kept?

answer: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

text: In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.

question: What is considered the most alarming setting for chickens to be raised in?

answer: Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.

text: Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare.

question: What are some of the minor concerns with intensive breeding programs?

question: What harsh measures do farmers use to encourage chickens to harm themselves or others?

text: some farmers using beak trimming

question: What are typically slow to spread through the flock?

text: Diseases

question: What is the only type of farming that has animal welfare concerns?

text: free-range farming


text: The first time "affirmative action" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-author the executive order. He wanted a phrase that "gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order." He was torn between the words "positive action" and "affirmative action," and selected the later due to its alliterative quality. The term "active recruitment" started to be used as well. This order, albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation, in reality carried little actual power. The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors, leaving nearly $7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised.:60

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: first

text: time

text: affirmative

text: action

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: concerning

text: race

text: is

text: in

text: President

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: Executive

text: Order

text: which

text: was

text: chaired

text: by

text: Vice

text: President

text: Johnson

text: At

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: inaugural

text: ball

text: in

text: Texas

text: he

text: met

text: with

text: a

text: young

text: black

text: lawyer

text: Hobart

text: Taylor

text: Jr.

text: and

text: gave

text: him

text: the

text: task

text: to

text: co

text: author

text: the

text: executive

text: order

text: He

text: wanted

text: a

text: phrase

text: that

text: gave

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: positivity

text: to

text: performance

text: under

text: the

text: order

text: He

text: was

text: torn

text: between

text: the

text: words

text: positive

text: action

text: and

text: affirmative

text: action

text: and

text: selected

text: the

text: later

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: alliterative

text: quality

text: The

text: term

text: active

text: recruitment

text: started

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: well

text: This

text: order

text: albeit

text: heavily

text: worked

text: up

text: as

text: a

text: significant

text: piece

text: of

text: legislation

text: in

text: reality

text: carried

text: little

text: actual

text: power

text: The

text: scope

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: a

text: couple

text: hundred

text: defense

text: contractors

text: leaving

text: nearly

text: billion

text: in

text: federal

text: grants

text: and

text: loans

question: Which Executive Order first contained the phrase "affirmative action"?

answer: Executive Order 10925

text: Executive Order 10925

question: Who chaired the committee created by Executive Order 10925?

answer: Vice President Johnson

text: Vice President Johnson

question: Who co - authored the executive order?

answer: Hobart Taylor Jr.

text: Hobart Taylor Jr.

question: What was the alternative phrase to "affirmative action" that was being considered?

answer: positive action

text: positive action

question: What was the main reason that "affirmative action" was chosen over "positive action"?

answer: alliterative quality

text: alliterative quality

question: Which Executive Order didn't contain the phrase "affirmative action"?

text: Executive Order 10925

question: Who chaired the committee destroyed by Executive Order 10925?

text: Vice President Johnson

question: Who co - authored the non-executive order?

text: Hobart Taylor Jr

question: What was the alternative phrase to "non-affirmative action" that was being considered?

text: positive action

question: What was the main reason that "non-affirmative action" was chosen over "positive action"?

text: alliterative quality


text: Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war. Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon, who became worried about the future of his empire following his death. Desperate for a legitimate heir, Napoleon divorced Joséphine in January 1810 and started looking for a new wife. Hoping to cement the recent alliance with Austria through a family connection, Napoleon married the Archduchess Marie Louise, who was 18 years old at the time. On 20 March 1811, Marie Louise gave birth to a baby boy, whom Napoleon made heir apparent and bestowed the title of King of Rome. His son never actually ruled the empire, but historians still refer to him as Napoleon II.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: turned

text: his

text: focus

text: to

text: domestic

text: affairs

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: Empress

text: Joséphine

text: had

text: still

text: not

text: given

text: birth

text: to

text: a

text: child

text: from

text: Napoleon

text: who

text: became

text: worried

text: about

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: his

text: empire

text: following

text: his

text: death

text: Desperate

text: for

text: a

text: legitimate

text: heir

text: Napoleon

text: divorced

text: Joséphine

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: started

text: looking

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: wife

text: Hoping

text: to

text: cement

text: the

text: recent

text: alliance

text: with

text: Austria

text: through

text: a

text: family

text: connection

text: Napoleon

text: married

text: the

text: Archduchess

text: Marie

text: Louise

text: who

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: On

text: March

text: Marie

text: Louise

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: a

text: baby

text: boy

text: whom

text: Napoleon

text: made

text: heir

text: apparent

text: and

text: bestowed

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: King

text: of

text: Rome

text: His

text: son

text: never

text: actually

text: ruled

text: the

text: empire

text: but

text: historians

text: still

text: refer

text: to

text: him

text: as

text: Napoleon

text: II

question: After the war, what did Napoleon focus on?

answer: domestic affairs

text: domestic affairs

question: When did Napoleon divorce Josephine?

answer: January 1810

text: January 1810

question: After his divorce from Josephine, who did Napoleon marry?

answer: Archduchess Marie Louise

text: Archduchess Marie Louise

question: How old was Archduchess Marie Louise when she married Napoleon?

answer: 18

question: When did Marie Louise give birth?

answer: 20 March 1811

text: 20 March 1811


text: iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales. However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: iPods

text: can

text: not

text: play

text: music

text: files

text: from

text: competing

text: music

text: stores

text: that

text: use

text: rival

text: DRM

text: technologies

text: like

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: protected

text: WMA

text: or

text: RealNetworks

text: Helix

text: DRM

text: Example

text: stores

text: include

text: Napster

text: and

text: MSN

text: Music

text: RealNetworks

text: claims

text: that

text: Apple

text: is

text: creating

text: problems

text: for

text: itself

text: by

text: using

text: FairPlay

text: to

text: lock

text: users

text: into

text: using

text: the

text: iTunes

text: Store

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: stated

text: that

text: Apple

text: makes

text: little

text: profit

text: from

text: song

text: sales

text: although

text: Apple

text: uses

text: the

text: store

text: to

text: promote

text: iPod

text: sales

text: However

text: iPods

text: can

text: also

text: play

text: music

text: files

text: from

text: online

text: stores

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: DRM

text: such

text: as

text: eMusic

text: or

text: Amie

text: Street

question: What are two stores which sell files with DRM not compatible with iPods?

answer: Napster and MSN Music

text: Napster and MSN Music

question: For what device's sales does Apple leverage the iTunes store?

answer: iPods

text: iPods

question: The iPod can play music from other online stores as long as they don't contain what feature?

answer: DRM

text: DRM


text: The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (or oaths) were historically required of jurors and witnesses in court. At one time, such restrictions were allowed under the doctrine of states' rights; today they are deemed to be in violation of the federal First Amendment, as applied to the states via the 14th amendment, and hence unconstitutional and unenforceable.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: required

text: beliefs

text: of

text: these

text: clauses

text: include

text: belief

text: in

text: a

text: Supreme

text: Being

text: and

text: belief

text: in

text: a

text: future

text: state

text: of

text: rewards

text: and

text: punishments

text: Tennessee

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: IX

text: Section

text: is

text: one

text: such

text: example

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: same

text: states

text: specify

text: that

text: the

text: oath

text: of

text: office

text: include

text: the

text: words

text: so

text: help

text: me

text: God

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: these

text: beliefs

text: or

text: oaths

text: were

text: historically

text: required

text: of

text: jurors

text: and

text: witnesses

text: in

text: court

text: At

text: one

text: time

text: such

text: restrictions

text: were

text: allowed

text: under

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: states

text: rights

text: today

text: they

text: are

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: First

text: Amendment

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: states

text: via

text: the

text: amendment

text: and

text: hence

text: unconstitutional

text: and

text: unenforceable

question: What do the non-permissible clauses require a belief in?

answer: a Supreme Being

text: a Supreme Being

question: What's one example in Tennessee's constitution?

answer: Article IX, Section 2

text: Article IX, Section 2

question: What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?

answer: so help me God

text: so help me God

question: Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what?

answer: federal First Amendment

text: federal First Amendment

question: Because such oaths are in violation of the First Amendment, they're what?

answer: unconstitutional and unenforceable

text: unconstitutional and unenforceable

question: What do the permissible clauses require a belief in?

text: Supreme Being

question: What's not one example in Tennessee's constitution?

text: Article IX, Section 2

question: What language do some of the different states specify the oath of office include?

text: so help me God

question: Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to not be in violation of what?

text: federal First Amendment

question: Because such oaths are in violation of the Second Amendment, they're what?

text: unconstitutional and unenforceable


text: An exceptionally well preserved, carpet-like mosaic floor was uncovered in 1949 in Bethany, the early Byzantine church of the Lazarium which was built between 333 and 390. Because of its purely geometrical pattern, the church floor is to be grouped with other mosaics of the time in Palestine and neighboring areas, especially the Constantinian mosaics in the central nave at Bethlehem. A second church was built above the older one during the 6th century with another more simple geometric mosaic floor.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: An

text: exceptionally

text: well

text: preserved

text: carpet

text: like

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: was

text: uncovered

text: in

text: in

text: Bethany

text: the

text: early

text: Byzantine

text: church

text: of

text: the

text: Lazarium

text: which

text: was

text: built

text: between

text: and

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: purely

text: geometrical

text: pattern

text: the

text: church

text: floor

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: grouped

text: with

text: other

text: mosaics

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: in

text: Palestine

text: and

text: neighboring

text: areas

text: especially

text: the

text: Constantinian

text: mosaics

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: nave

text: at

text: Bethlehem

text: A

text: second

text: church

text: was

text: built

text: above

text: the

text: older

text: one

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: another

text: more

text: simple

text: geometric

text: mosaic

text: floor

question: Where would the Byzantine church of the Lazarium be located today?

answer: Bethany

text: Bethany

question: When was the Byzantine church of the Lazarium constructed?

answer: between 333 and 390

text: between 333 and 390

question: The mosaic at the Byzantine church of the Lazarium most closely resembles mosaics from which area?

answer: Palestine

text: Palestine

question: A church was built on top of the Byzantine church of the Lazarium in waht century?

answer: the 6th

text: the 6th


text: Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has been a member together with the five permanent Security Council members in the P5+1 grouping of world powers. Like China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan have also been referred to as middle powers.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Japan

text: and

text: Germany

text: are

text: great

text: powers

text: too

text: though

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: large

text: advanced

text: economies

text: having

text: the

text: third

text: and

text: fourth

text: largest

text: economies

text: respectively

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: strategic

text: and

text: hard

text: power

text: capabilities

text: i.e.

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: permanent

text: seats

text: and

text: veto

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: or

text: strategic

text: military

text: reach

text: Germany

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: member

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: five

text: permanent

text: Security

text: Council

text: members

text: in

text: the

text: grouping

text: of

text: world

text: powers

text: Like

text: China

text: France

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Germany

text: and

text: Japan

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: middle

text: powers

question: What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons?

answer: Japan and Germany

text: Japan and Germany

question: Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what?

answer: UN Security Council

text: UN Security Council

question: What is the name for the grouping of countries of China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan?

answer: middle powers

text: middle powers

question: What two countries are great powers because of their hard power capabilities?

text: Japan and Germany

question: What grouping of world powers has Japan been a member of?

text: P5+1 grouping

question: What benefits do middle power countries have as permanent members at the UN?

question: How large are France and Russia's economies?

text: the third and fourth largest economies

question: What are the five permanent Security Council Members lacking militarily?

text: strategic military reach


text: Most videos enable users to leave comments, and these have attracted attention for the negative aspects of both their form and content. In 2006, Time praised Web 2.0 for enabling "community and collaboration on a scale never seen before", and added that YouTube "harnesses the stupidity of crowds as well as its wisdom. Some of the comments on YouTube make you weep for the future of humanity just for the spelling alone, never mind the obscenity and the naked hatred". The Guardian in 2009 described users' comments on YouTube as:

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: Most

text: videos

text: enable

text: users

text: to

text: leave

text: comments

text: and

text: these

text: have

text: attracted

text: attention

text: for

text: the

text: negative

text: aspects

text: of

text: both

text: their

text: form

text: and

text: content

text: In

text: Time

text: praised

text: Web

text: for

text: enabling

text: community

text: and

text: collaboration

text: on

text: a

text: scale

text: never

text: seen

text: before

text: and

text: added

text: that

text: YouTube

text: harnesses

text: the

text: stupidity

text: of

text: crowds

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: wisdom

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: comments

text: on

text: YouTube

text: make

text: you

text: weep

text: for

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: humanity

text: just

text: for

text: the

text: spelling

text: alone

text: never

text: mind

text: the

text: obscenity

text: and

text: the

text: naked

text: hatred

text: The

text: Guardian

text: in

text: described

text: users

text: comments

text: on

text: YouTube

text: as

question: Most videos enable users to do what

answer: leave comments

text: leave comments

question: What has attracted negative attention about comments on youtube besides their content?

answer: their form

text: their form

question: Time in 2006 wrote that youtube harnessed the wisdom and what else of humanity?

answer: stupidity

text: stupidity

question: Which magazine wrote about youtube in a 2009 article on user comments?

answer: The Guardian

text: The Guardian

question: Some of the positive aspects of youtube might be that it provides what on a scale we've never seen before?

answer: community and collaboration

text: community and collaboration

question: What did Time say about YouTube in 2009?

question: What did the Guardian say about the comments on YouTube in 2006?

question: What did Time praise in 2009?

text: Web 2.0

question: What can users leave on all videos?

text: comments


text: At the end of 2004, May and Taylor announced that they would reunite and return to touring in 2005 with Paul Rodgers (founder and former lead singer of Free and Bad Company). Brian May's website also stated that Rodgers would be "featured with" Queen as "Queen + Paul Rodgers", not replacing Mercury. The retired John Deacon would not be participating. In November 2004, Queen were among the inaugural inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame, and the award ceremony was the first event at which Rodgers joined May and Taylor as vocalist.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: May

text: and

text: Taylor

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: reunite

text: and

text: return

text: to

text: touring

text: in

text: with

text: Paul

text: Rodgers

text: founder

text: and

text: former

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: Free

text: and

text: Bad

text: Company

text: Brian

text: May

text: 's

text: website

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: Rodgers

text: would

text: be

text: featured

text: with

text: Queen

text: as

text: Queen

text: Paul

text: Rodgers

text: not

text: replacing

text: Mercury

text: The

text: retired

text: John

text: Deacon

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: participating

text: In

text: November

text: Queen

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: inaugural

text: inductees

text: into

text: the

text: UK

text: Music

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: and

text: the

text: award

text: ceremony

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: event

text: at

text: which

text: Rodgers

text: joined

text: May

text: and

text: Taylor

text: as

text: vocalist

question: Paul Rodgers joined Queen in what year?

answer: 2005

question: Paul Rodgers used to be the lead singer of what two bands?

answer: Free and Bad Company

text: Free and Bad Company

question: Which retired Queen member did not join the reunion?

answer: John Deacon

text: John Deacon

question: In what year was Queen inducted in the UK Hall of Fame?

answer: 2004


text: Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: histories

text: of

text: any

text: modern

text: country

text: arising

text: in

text: the

text: tenth

text: millennium

text: BC

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: nation

text: states

text: Considered

text: a

text: cradle

text: of

text: civilisation

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: experienced

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: developments

text: of

text: writing

text: agriculture

text: urbanisation

text: organised

text: religion

text: and

text: central

text: government

text: Iconic

text: monuments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Giza

text: Necropolis

text: and

text: its

text: Great

text: Sphinx

text: as

text: well

text: the

text: ruins

text: of

text: Memphis

text: Thebes

text: Karnak

text: and

text: the

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: reflect

text: this

text: legacy

text: and

text: remain

text: a

text: significant

text: focus

text: of

text: archaeological

text: study

text: and

text: popular

text: interest

text: worldwide

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: rich

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: is

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: national

text: identity

text: having

text: endured

text: and

text: at

text: times

text: assimilated

text: various

text: foreign

text: influences

text: including

text: Greek

text: Persian

text: Roman

text: Arab

text: Ottoman

text: and

text: European

text: Although

text: Christianised

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Era

text: it

text: was

text: subsequently

text: Islamised

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: conquests

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: century

question: How far back does Egypt's history date back?

answer: tenth millennium BC

text: tenth millennium BC

question: Why is Egypt considered a cradle of civilisation?

answer: earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government

text: earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government

question: What were some of Egypt's foreign influences?

answer: Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European

text: Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European

question: What are iconic monumuents of Egypt?

answer: Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx

text: Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx

question: In what century were islamic conquests of Egypt?

answer: seventh century

text: seventh century


text: By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1. They dubbed Gagarin the first cosmonaut, roughly translated from Russian and Greek as "sailor of the universe". Although he had the ability to take over manual control of his spacecraft in an emergency by opening an envelope he had in the cabin that contained a code that could be typed into the computer, it was flown in an automatic mode as a precaution; medical science at that time did not know what would happen to a human in the weightlessness of space. Vostok 1 orbited the Earth for 108 minutes and made its reentry over the Soviet Union, with Gagarin ejecting from the spacecraft at 7,000 meters (23,000 ft), and landing by parachute. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (International Federation of Aeronautics) credited Gagarin with the world's first human space flight, although their qualifying rules for aeronautical records at the time required pilots to take off and land with their craft. For this reason, the Soviet Union omitted from their FAI submission the fact that Gagarin did not land with his capsule. When the FAI filing for Gherman Titov's second Vostok flight in August 1961 disclosed the ejection landing technique, the FAI committee decided to investigate, and concluded that the technological accomplishment of human spaceflight lay in the safe launch, orbiting, and return, rather than the manner of landing, and so revised their rules accordingly, keeping Gagarin's and Titov's records intact.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: By

text: American

text: observers

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: get

text: a

text: human

text: into

text: space

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: needed

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: first

text: launch

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: USSR

text: surprised

text: the

text: world

text: again

text: by

text: launching

text: Yuri

text: Gagarin

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: orbit

text: around

text: the

text: Earth

text: in

text: a

text: craft

text: they

text: called

text: Vostok

text: They

text: dubbed

text: Gagarin

text: the

text: first

text: cosmonaut

text: roughly

text: translated

text: from

text: Russian

text: and

text: Greek

text: as

text: sailor

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: Although

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: take

text: over

text: manual

text: control

text: of

text: his

text: spacecraft

text: in

text: an

text: emergency

text: by

text: opening

text: an

text: envelope

text: he

text: had

text: in

text: the

text: cabin

text: that

text: contained

text: a

text: code

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: typed

text: into

text: the

text: computer

text: it

text: was

text: flown

text: in

text: an

text: automatic

text: mode

text: as

text: a

text: precaution

text: medical

text: science

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: did

text: not

text: know

text: what

text: would

text: happen

text: to

text: a

text: human

text: in

text: the

text: weightlessness

text: of

text: space

text: Vostok

text: orbited

text: the

text: Earth

text: for

text: minutes

text: and

text: made

text: its

text: reentry

text: over

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: with

text: Gagarin

text: ejecting

text: from

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: at

text: meters

text: ft

text: and

text: landing

text: by

text: parachute

text: The

text: Fédération

text: Aéronautique

text: Internationale

text: International

text: Federation

text: of

text: Aeronautics

text: credited

text: Gagarin

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: human

text: space

text: flight

text: although

text: their

text: qualifying

text: rules

text: for

text: aeronautical

text: records

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: required

text: pilots

text: to

text: take

text: off

text: and

text: land

text: with

text: their

text: craft

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: omitted

text: from

text: their

text: FAI

text: submission

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Gagarin

text: did

text: not

text: land

text: with

text: his

text: capsule

text: When

text: the

text: FAI

text: filing

text: for

text: Gherman

text: Titov

text: 's

text: second

text: Vostok

text: flight

text: in

text: August

text: disclosed

text: the

text: ejection

text: landing

text: technique

text: the

text: FAI

text: committee

text: decided

text: to

text: investigate

text: and

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: technological

text: accomplishment

text: of

text: human

text: spaceflight

text: lay

text: in

text: the

text: safe

text: launch

text: orbiting

text: and

text: return

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: manner

text: of

text: landing

text: and

text: so

text: revised

text: their

text: rules

text: accordingly

text: keeping

text: Gagarin

text: 's

text: and

text: Titov

text: 's

text: records

text: intact

question: Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?

answer: the USSR

text: the USSR

question: The first ship to carry a human through space was called what?

answer: Vostok 1

text: Vostok 1

question: How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?

answer: 108 minutes

text: 108 minutes


text: Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas allies with King Evander, who occupies the future site of Rome, and is given new armor and a shield depicting Roman history. Book 9 records an assault by Nisus and Euryalus on the Rutulians, Book 10, the death of Evander's young son Pallas, and 11 the death of the Volscian warrior princess Camilla and the decision to settle the war with a duel between Aeneas and Turnus. The Aeneid ends in Book 12 with the taking of Latinus' city, the death of Amata, and Aeneas' defeat and killing of Turnus, whose pleas for mercy are spurned. The final book ends with the image of Turnus' soul lamenting as it flees to the underworld.

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: Book

text: beginning

text: the

text: Iliadic

text: half

text: opens

text: with

text: an

text: address

text: to

text: the

text: muse

text: and

text: recounts

text: Aeneas

text: arrival

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: betrothal

text: to

text: Lavinia

text: daughter

text: of

text: King

text: Latinus

text: Lavinia

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: promised

text: to

text: Turnus

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Rutulians

text: who

text: is

text: roused

text: to

text: war

text: by

text: the

text: Fury

text: Allecto

text: and

text: Amata

text: Lavinia

text: 's

text: mother

text: In

text: Book

text: Aeneas

text: allies

text: with

text: King

text: Evander

text: who

text: occupies

text: the

text: future

text: site

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: is

text: given

text: new

text: armor

text: and

text: a

text: shield

text: depicting

text: Roman

text: history

text: Book

text: records

text: an

text: assault

text: by

text: Nisus

text: and

text: Euryalus

text: on

text: the

text: Rutulians

text: Book

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Evander

text: 's

text: young

text: son

text: Pallas

text: and

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: Volscian

text: warrior

text: princess

text: Camilla

text: and

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: settle

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: a

text: duel

text: between

text: Aeneas

text: and

text: Turnus

text: The

text: Aeneid

text: ends

text: in

text: Book

text: with

text: the

text: taking

text: of

text: Latinus

text: city

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Amata

text: and

text: Aeneas

text: defeat

text: and

text: killing

text: of

text: Turnus

text: whose

text: pleas

text: for

text: mercy

text: are

text: spurned

text: The

text: final

text: book

text: ends

text: with

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: Turnus

text: soul

text: lamenting

text: as

text: it

text: flees

text: to

text: the

text: underworld

question: To whom is Aeneas betrothed?

answer: Lavinia

text: Lavinia

question: Which King does Aeneas ally with in Book 8 of the Aeneid?

answer: King Evander

text: King Evander

question: Who had Lavinia already been promised to?

answer: Turnus

text: Turnus

question: Who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto and Amata Lavinia's mother?

answer: Turnus

text: Turnus

question: What is the muse's name?

text: Camilla

question: How old was Pallas when he died?

question: How did Camilla die?

text: a duel

question: How many years did the war last?

question: Who promised Lavinia to Turnus?

text: Amata


text: Developers also found the machine difficult to program for. In 2007, Gabe Newell of Valve said "The PS3 is a total disaster on so many levels, I think it's really clear that Sony lost track of what customers and what developers wanted". He continued "I'd say, even at this late date, they should just cancel it and do a do over. Just say, 'This was a horrible disaster and we're sorry and we're going to stop selling this and stop trying to convince people to develop for it'". Doug Lombardi VP of Marketing for Valve has since stated that they are interested in developing for the console and are looking to hire talented PS3 programmers for future projects. He later restated Valve's position, "Until we have the ability to get a PS3 team together, until we find the people who want to come to Valve or who are at Valve who want to work on that, I don't really see us moving to that platform". At Sony's E3 2010 press conference, Newell made a live appearance to recant his previous statements, citing Sony's move to make the system more developer friendly, and to announce that Valve would be developing Portal 2 for the system. He also claimed that the inclusion of Steamworks (Valve's system to automatically update their software independently) would help to make the PS3 version of Portal 2 the best console version on the market.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Developers

text: also

text: found

text: the

text: machine

text: difficult

text: to

text: program

text: for

text: In

text: Gabe

text: Newell

text: of

text: Valve

text: said

text: The

text: is

text: a

text: total

text: disaster

text: on

text: so

text: many

text: levels

text: I

text: think

text: it

text: 's

text: really

text: clear

text: that

text: Sony

text: lost

text: track

text: of

text: what

text: customers

text: and

text: what

text: developers

text: wanted

text: He

text: continued

text: I

text: 'd

text: say

text: even

text: at

text: this

text: late

text: date

text: they

text: should

text: just

text: cancel

text: it

text: and

text: do

text: a

text: do

text: over

text: Just

text: say

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: horrible

text: disaster

text: and

text: we

text: 're

text: sorry

text: and

text: we

text: 're

text: going

text: to

text: stop

text: selling

text: this

text: and

text: stop

text: trying

text: to

text: convince

text: people

text: to

text: develop

text: for

text: it

text: Doug

text: Lombardi

text: VP

text: of

text: Marketing

text: for

text: Valve

text: has

text: since

text: stated

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: interested

text: in

text: developing

text: for

text: the

text: console

text: and

text: are

text: looking

text: to

text: hire

text: talented

text: programmers

text: for

text: future

text: projects

text: He

text: later

text: restated

text: Valve

text: 's

text: position

text: Until

text: we

text: have

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: get

text: a

text: team

text: together

text: until

text: we

text: find

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: want

text: to

text: come

text: to

text: Valve

text: or

text: who

text: are

text: at

text: Valve

text: who

text: want

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: that

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: really

text: see

text: us

text: moving

text: to

text: that

text: platform

text: At

text: Sony

text: 's

text: press

text: conference

text: Newell

text: made

text: a

text: live

text: appearance

text: to

text: recant

text: his

text: previous

text: statements

text: citing

text: Sony

text: 's

text: move

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: system

text: more

text: developer

text: friendly

text: and

text: to

text: announce

text: that

text: Valve

text: would

text: be

text: developing

text: Portal

text: for

text: the

text: system

text: He

text: also

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: Steamworks

text: Valve

text: 's

text: system

text: to

text: automatically

text: update

text: their

text: software

text: independently

text: would

text: help

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: version

text: of

text: Portal

text: the

text: best

text: console

text: version

text: on

text: the

text: market

question: In what year did Gabe Newell call the PS3 "a total disaster"?

answer: 2007

question: Who is Valve's VP of Marketing who says they want to hire programmers for a PS3 team?

answer: Doug Lombardi

text: Doug Lombardi

question: What year did Newell show up at Sony's EC3 press conference to take back what he said about PS3?

answer: 2010

question: What game did Valve develop for the PlayStation 3 console?

answer: Portal 2

text: Portal 2

question: What's the name of Valve's software update system?

answer: Steamworks

text: Steamworks

question: In what year did Gabe Newell call the PS2 "a total disaster"?

question: Who is Valve's VP of Marketing who says they want to hire programmers for a PS4 team?

text: Doug Lombardi

question: What year did Newell show up at Sony's EC4 press conference to take back what he said about PS3?

question: What game did Valve develop for the PlayStation 2 console?

text: Portal 2

question: What's the name of Valve's hardware update system?

text: Steamworks


text: Pain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews have found benefit. Additionally, there is tentative evidence for a few herbal medicine. There is interest in the relationship between vitamin D and pain, but the evidence so far from controlled trials for such a relationship, other than in osteomalacia, is unconvincing.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Pain

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: reason

text: for

text: people

text: to

text: use

text: complementary

text: and

text: alternative

text: medicine

text: An

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: quality

text: studies

text: of

text: pain

text: treatment

text: with

text: acupuncture

text: published

text: in

text: January

text: concluded

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: real

text: sham

text: and

text: no

text: acupuncture

text: However

text: other

text: reviews

text: have

text: found

text: benefit

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: tentative

text: evidence

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: herbal

text: medicine

text: There

text: is

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: vitamin

text: D

text: and

text: pain

text: but

text: the

text: evidence

text: so

text: far

text: from

text: controlled

text: trials

text: for

text: such

text: a

text: relationship

text: other

text: than

text: in

text: osteomalacia

text: is

text: unconvincing

question: What is the most common reason people seek out alternative medicine?

answer: Pain

text: Pain

question: What did an analysis of the 13 studies of pain treatment conclude about the effect of real treament versus sham treatments?

answer: little difference in the effect

text: little difference in the effect

question: Some contradictory reviews of 13 high quality studies found actual what?

answer: benefit

text: benefit

question: What medicine is there tentative evidence for the efficacy of?

answer: herbal

text: herbal

question: Other than in osteomalacia, what is there no evidence of a relationship between pain and?

answer: vitamin D

text: vitamin D

question: What did a January 2013 study find?

question: What was the treatment method of the 9 studies published in 2013?

text: acupuncture

question: What is the other interest in the relationship with vitamins?

text: pain


text: The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: The

text: territory

text: that

text: now

text: constitutes

text: Tajikistan

text: was

text: previously

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: ancient

text: cultures

text: including

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Sarazm

text: of

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: and

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: and

text: was

text: later

text: home

text: to

text: kingdoms

text: ruled

text: by

text: people

text: of

text: different

text: faiths

text: and

text: cultures

text: including

text: the

text: Oxus

text: civilization

text: Andronovo

text: culture

text: Buddhism

text: Nestorian

text: Christianity

text: Zoroastrianism

text: and

text: Manichaeism

text: The

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: ruled

text: by

text: numerous

text: empires

text: and

text: dynasties

text: including

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: Sassanian

text: Empire

text: Hephthalite

text: Empire

text: Samanid

text: Empire

text: Mongol

text: Empire

text: Timurid

text: dynasty

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Tajikistan

text: became

text: an

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: A

text: civil

text: war

text: was

text: fought

text: almost

text: immediately

text: after

text: independence

text: lasting

text: from

text: to

text: Since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: newly

text: established

text: political

text: stability

text: and

text: foreign

text: aid

text: have

text: allowed

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economy

text: to

text: grow

question: What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age?

answer: city of Sarazm

text: city of Sarazm

question: What other culutres has ruled the area?

answer: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

text: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?

answer: Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

text: Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

question: When did Tajikistan become an independent nation?

answer: 1991

question: What years did the civil war take place?

answer: 1992 to 1997

text: 1992 to 1997

question: What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home?

answer: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

text: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?

answer: the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

text: the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

question: What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation?

answer: 1991

question: What years did the war last through?

answer: 1992 to 1997

text: 1992 to 1997

question: A civil war was fought immediately before what?

text: independence

question: The civil war lasted from 1982 to what year?

question: As a result of the breakup of Japan, Tajikistan became what?

text: an independent nation

question: In what year did Tajikistan become a dependent nation?


text: This article compares the properties of brains across the entire range of animal species, with the greatest attention to vertebrates. It deals with the human brain insofar as it shares the properties of other brains. The ways in which the human brain differs from other brains are covered in the human brain article. Several topics that might be covered here are instead covered there because much more can be said about them in a human context. The most important is brain disease and the effects of brain damage, covered in the human brain article because the most common diseases of the human brain either do not show up in other species, or else manifest themselves in different ways.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: This

text: article

text: compares

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: brains

text: across

text: the

text: entire

text: range

text: of

text: animal

text: species

text: with

text: the

text: greatest

text: attention

text: to

text: vertebrates

text: It

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: human

text: brain

text: insofar

text: as

text: it

text: shares

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: other

text: brains

text: The

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: human

text: brain

text: differs

text: from

text: other

text: brains

text: are

text: covered

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: brain

text: article

text: Several

text: topics

text: that

text: might

text: be

text: covered

text: here

text: are

text: instead

text: covered

text: there

text: because

text: much

text: more

text: can

text: be

text: said

text: about

text: them

text: in

text: a

text: human

text: context

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: is

text: brain

text: disease

text: and

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: brain

text: damage

text: covered

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: brain

text: article

text: because

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: diseases

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: brain

text: either

text: do

text: not

text: show

text: up

text: in

text: other

text: species

text: or

text: else

text: manifest

text: themselves

text: in

text: different

text: ways

question: Animals with a spine are called what?

answer: vertebrates

text: vertebrates


text: After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus –  "As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and "returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth".[Luke 2:39]

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: After

text: Mary

text: continued

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: of

text: her

text: purifying

text: another

text: days

text: for

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: days

text: she

text: brought

text: her

text: burnt

text: offering

text: and

text: sin

text: offering

text: to

text: the

text: Temple

text: in

text: Jerusalem,[Luke

text: so

text: the

text: priest

text: could

text: make

text: atonement

text: for

text: her

text: sins

text: being

text: cleansed

text: from

text: her

text: blood.[Leviticus

text: They

text: also

text: presented

text: Jesus

text: As

text: it

text: is

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: Lord

text: Every

text: male

text: that

text: openeth

text: the

text: womb

text: shall

text: be

text: called

text: holy

text: to

text: the

text: Lord

text: Luke

text: verses

text: After

text: the

text: prophecies

text: of

text: Simeon

text: and

text: the

text: prophetess

text: Anna

text: in

text: Luke

text: concluded

text: Joseph

text: and

text: Mary

text: took

text: Jesus

text: and

text: returned

text: into

text: Galilee

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: city

text: Nazareth".[Luke

question: How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary?

answer: 40 days

text: 40 days

question: Where did Mary bring a burnt offering and sin offering?

answer: the Temple in Jerusalem

text: the Temple in Jerusalem

question: Who was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem?

answer: Jesus

text: Jesus

question: Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38?

answer: Simeon and the prophetess Anna in

text: Simeon and the prophetess Anna in

question: To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Jesus?

answer: Nazareth

text: Nazareth

question: How many days did Mary bring her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem?

question: Where did Simeon and the prophetess Anna travel to?

text: Galilee

question: Where is the location of the temple where Mary heard Simeon prophecy?

text: Jerusalem

question: Where is the location of the temple where Joseph continued in the "blood of her purifying"?

text: Jerusalem

question: To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Simeon?

text: Nazareth


text: Next, Spielberg teamed with Star Wars creator and friend George Lucas on an action adventure film, Raiders of the Lost Ark, the first of the Indiana Jones films. The archaeologist and adventurer hero Indiana Jones was played by Harrison Ford (whom Lucas had previously cast in his Star Wars films as Han Solo). The film was considered an homage to the cliffhanger serials of the Golden Age of Hollywood. It became the biggest film at the box office in 1981, and the recipient of numerous Oscar nominations including Best Director (Spielberg's second nomination) and Best Picture (the second Spielberg film to be nominated for Best Picture). Raiders is still considered a landmark example of the action-adventure genre. The film also led to Ford's casting in Ridley Scott's Blade Runner.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Next

text: Spielberg

text: teamed

text: with

text: Star

text: Wars

text: creator

text: and

text: friend

text: George

text: Lucas

text: on

text: an

text: action

text: adventure

text: film

text: Raiders

text: of

text: the

text: Lost

text: Ark

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: films

text: The

text: archaeologist

text: and

text: adventurer

text: hero

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: was

text: played

text: by

text: Harrison

text: Ford

text: whom

text: Lucas

text: had

text: previously

text: cast

text: in

text: his

text: Star

text: Wars

text: films

text: as

text: Han

text: Solo

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: considered

text: an

text: homage

text: to

text: the

text: cliffhanger

text: serials

text: of

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: biggest

text: film

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: recipient

text: of

text: numerous

text: Oscar

text: nominations

text: including

text: Best

text: Director

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: second

text: nomination

text: and

text: Best

text: Picture

text: the

text: second

text: Spielberg

text: film

text: to

text: be

text: nominated

text: for

text: Best

text: Picture

text: Raiders

text: is

text: still

text: considered

text: a

text: landmark

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: action

text: adventure

text: genre

text: The

text: film

text: also

text: led

text: to

text: Ford

text: 's

text: casting

text: in

text: Ridley

text: Scott

text: 's

text: Blade

text: Runner

question: Who was responsible for Star Wars?

answer: George Lucas

text: George Lucas

question: Who played Indiana Jones?

answer: Harrison Ford

text: Harrison Ford

question: Who played Han Solo?

answer: Harrison Ford

text: Harrison Ford

question: What was the first Indiana Jones movie?

answer: Raiders of the Lost Ark

text: Raiders of the Lost Ark

question: When did the first Indiana Jones movie come out?

answer: 1981

question: In what year did Spielberg become friends with George Lucas?

question: In what year did Blade Runner release?

question: In what year did the second Star Wars movie get released?

question: What was the first movie Ridley Scott got an Oscar nomination for?

text: Blade Runner

question: What was the first movie George Lucas got an Oscar nomination for?

text: Star Wars


text: Roosevelt Boulevard and the Roosevelt Expressway (U.S. 1) connect Northeast Philadelphia with Center City. Woodhaven Road (Route 63), built in 1966, and Cottman Avenue (Route 73) serve the neighborhoods of Northeast Philadelphia, running between Interstate 95 and the Roosevelt Boulevard (U.S. 1). The Fort Washington Expressway (Route 309) extends north from the city's northern border, serving Montgomery County and Bucks County. U.S. 30, extending east-west from West Philadelphia to Lancaster, is known as Lancaster Avenue throughout most of the city and through the adjacent Main Line suburbs.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Roosevelt

text: Boulevard

text: and

text: the

text: Roosevelt

text: Expressway

text: U.S.

text: connect

text: Northeast

text: Philadelphia

text: with

text: Center

text: City

text: Woodhaven

text: Road

text: Route

text: built

text: in

text: and

text: Cottman

text: Avenue

text: Route

text: serve

text: the

text: neighborhoods

text: of

text: Northeast

text: Philadelphia

text: running

text: between

text: Interstate

text: and

text: the

text: Roosevelt

text: Boulevard

text: U.S.

text: The

text: Fort

text: Washington

text: Expressway

text: Route

text: extends

text: north

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: northern

text: border

text: serving

text: Montgomery

text: County

text: and

text: Bucks

text: County

text: U.S.

text: extending

text: east

text: west

text: from

text: West

text: Philadelphia

text: to

text: Lancaster

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Lancaster

text: Avenue

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: through

text: the

text: adjacent

text: Main

text: Line

text: suburbs

question: What is another name for the Roosevelt Expressway?

answer: U.S. 1

text: U.S. 1

question: When was Woodhaven road built?

answer: 1966

question: What neighborhoods does Cottman Avenue serve?

answer: Northeast Philadelphia,

text: Northeast Philadelphia,

question: What is another name for The Fort Washington Expressway?

answer: Route 309

text: Route 309

question: What is US-30 also known as?

answer: Lancaster Avenue

text: Lancaster Avenue


text: During World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Kansas

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: nationally

text: that

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Navy

text: College

text: Training

text: Program

text: which

text: offered

text: students

text: a

text: path

text: to

text: a

text: Navy

text: commission

question: How many institutions participated in the V-12 program?

answer: 131

question: What did the V-12 program provide to interested pupils?

answer: a path to a Navy commission

text: a path to a Navy commission

question: During what event did the V-12 program take place?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: How many institutions never participated in the V-12 program?

question: How many institutions participated in the 12-V program?

question: What did the V-12 program provide to uninterested pupils?

text: a path to a Navy commission

question: What did the V-12 program provide to interested faculty?

text: a path to a Navy commission

question: During what event did the V-12 program not take place?

text: World War II


text: Gephardt added that "inclusion and empowerment of the people on the line have to be done to get the best performance" from the minority party. Other techniques for fostering party harmony include the appointment of task forces composed of partisan colleagues with conflicting views to reach consensus on issues; the creation of new leadership positions as a way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure; and daily meetings in the Leader's office (or at breakfast, lunch, or dinner) to lay out floor strategy or political objectives for the minority party.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: Gephardt

text: added

text: that

text: inclusion

text: and

text: empowerment

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: on

text: the

text: line

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: done

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: best

text: performance

text: from

text: the

text: minority

text: party

text: Other

text: techniques

text: for

text: fostering

text: party

text: harmony

text: include

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: task

text: forces

text: composed

text: of

text: partisan

text: colleagues

text: with

text: conflicting

text: views

text: to

text: reach

text: consensus

text: on

text: issues

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: leadership

text: positions

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: reach

text: out

text: and

text: involve

text: a

text: greater

text: diversity

text: of

text: partisans

text: in

text: the

text: leadership

text: structure

text: and

text: daily

text: meetings

text: in

text: the

text: Leader

text: 's

text: office

text: or

text: at

text: breakfast

text: lunch

text: or

text: dinner

text: to

text: lay

text: out

text: floor

text: strategy

text: or

text: political

text: objectives

text: for

text: the

text: minority

text: party

question: What is a good technique to foster party harmony?

answer: appointment of task forces

text: appointment of task forces

question: What colleagues are best to work with to reach a consensus?

answer: partisan colleagues with conflicting views

text: partisan colleagues with conflicting views

question: What does the creation of leadership positions allow for?

answer: way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure

text: way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure

question: What public need motivates the President before he has daily meetings?

text: inclusion and empowerment of the people

question: What group is the President responsible for the creation of when elected?

text: task forces

question: What positions did task forces want to lay out floor strategy for the creation of?

text: new leadership positions

question: What did task forces for the public want to foster in the minority party?

text: party harmony

question: What did colleagues with conflicing views lay out for task forces?

text: floor strategy


text: Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific protein nor a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements. Dogs will healthily digest a variety of foods, including vegetables and grains, and can consume a large proportion of these in their diet. Comparing dogs and wolves, dogs have adaptations in genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Despite

text: their

text: descent

text: from

text: wolves

text: and

text: classification

text: as

text: Carnivora

text: dogs

text: are

text: variously

text: described

text: in

text: scholarly

text: and

text: other

text: writings

text: as

text: carnivores

text: or

text: omnivores

text: Unlike

text: obligate

text: carnivores

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: cat

text: family

text: with

text: its

text: shorter

text: small

text: intestine

text: dogs

text: can

text: adapt

text: to

text: a

text: wide

text: ranging

text: diet

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: dependent

text: on

text: meat

text: specific

text: protein

text: nor

text: a

text: very

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: protein

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: fulfill

text: their

text: basic

text: dietary

text: requirements

text: Dogs

text: will

text: healthily

text: digest

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: foods

text: including

text: vegetables

text: and

text: grains

text: and

text: can

text: consume

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: these

text: in

text: their

text: diet

text: Comparing

text: dogs

text: and

text: wolves

text: dogs

text: have

text: adaptations

text: in

text: genes

text: involved

text: in

text: starch

text: digestion

text: that

text: contribute

text: to

text: an

text: increased

text: ability

text: to

text: thrive

text: on

text: a

text: starch

text: rich

text: diet

question: Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior?

answer: omnivores

text: omnivores

question: Dogs can digest meat as well as what else?

answer: vegetables and grains

text: vegetables and grains

question: Cats are known as what type of carnivore?

answer: obligate

text: obligate

question: Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what?

answer: carnivores or omnivores

text: carnivores or omnivores

question: Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating?

answer: protein

text: protein

question: Dogs have genes that allow them to thrive on what when compared to wolves, who cannot?

answer: starch

text: starch


text: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the therians; as fossils of all three genera are dated about 167 million years ago in the Middle Jurassic, this is a reasonable estimate for the appearance of the crown group. The earliest known synapsid satisfying Kemp's definitions is Tikitherium, dated 225 Ma, so the appearance of mammals in this broader sense can be given this Late Triassic date. In any case, the temporal range of the group extends to the present day.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: If

text: Mammalia

text: is

text: considered

text: as

text: the

text: crown

text: group

text: its

text: origin

text: can

text: be

text: roughly

text: dated

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: known

text: appearance

text: of

text: animals

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: some

text: extant

text: mammals

text: than

text: to

text: others

text: Ambondro

text: is

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: monotremes

text: than

text: to

text: therian

text: mammals

text: while

text: Amphilestes

text: and

text: Amphitherium

text: are

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: therians

text: as

text: fossils

text: of

text: all

text: three

text: genera

text: are

text: dated

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Jurassic

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: reasonable

text: estimate

text: for

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: crown

text: group

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: synapsid

text: satisfying

text: Kemp

text: 's

text: definitions

text: is

text: Tikitherium

text: dated

text: Ma

text: so

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: mammals

text: in

text: this

text: broader

text: sense

text: can

text: be

text: given

text: this

text: Late

text: Triassic

text: date

text: In

text: any

text: case

text: the

text: temporal

text: range

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: extends

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

question: Which group are Ambondro's closely related to?

answer: monotremes

text: monotremes

question: Which two groups are closely related to therian mammals?

answer: Amphilestes and Amphitherium

text: Amphilestes and Amphitherium

question: How many years do momotremes and therian mammals go back?

answer: 167 million years

text: 167 million years

question: About what year do synapsid date back to?

answer: 225 Ma

text: 225 Ma

question: What is the earliest Ambondro that satisfies Kemp's definitions?

text: Tikitherium

question: What is Tikitherium more closely related to more than therian mammals?

text: monotremes

question: What time period are fossils of the ambondro dated to in the Middle Jurassic?

text: about 167 million years ago

question: About what year are ambondro dated to?

text: 225 Ma

question: What can the appearance of genera be broadly given?

text: this Late Triassic date