text: Among his contributions to philosophy is his claim to have solved the philosophical problem of induction. He states that while there is no way to prove that the sun will rise, it is possible to formulate the theory that every day the sun will rise; if it does not rise on some particular day, the theory will be falsified and will have to be replaced by a different one. Until that day, there is no need to reject the assumption that the theory is true. Nor is it rational according to Popper to make instead the more complex assumption that the sun will rise until a given day, but will stop doing so the day after, or similar statements with additional conditions.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Among

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: philosophy

text: is

text: his

text: claim

text: to

text: have

text: solved

text: the

text: philosophical

text: problem

text: of

text: induction

text: He

text: states

text: that

text: while

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: way

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: the

text: sun

text: will

text: rise

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: formulate

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: every

text: day

text: the

text: sun

text: will

text: rise

text: if

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: rise

text: on

text: some

text: particular

text: day

text: the

text: theory

text: will

text: be

text: falsified

text: and

text: will

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: one

text: Until

text: that

text: day

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: need

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: the

text: theory

text: is

text: true

text: Nor

text: is

text: it

text: rational

text: according

text: to

text: Popper

text: to

text: make

text: instead

text: the

text: more

text: complex

text: assumption

text: that

text: the

text: sun

text: will

text: rise

text: until

text: a

text: given

text: day

text: but

text: will

text: stop

text: doing

text: so

text: the

text: day

text: after

text: or

text: similar

text: statements

text: with

text: additional

text: conditions

question: Popper's thoughts on falsification present a solution to the philosophical problem concerning what type of scientific reasoning?

answer: induction

text: induction

question: What parts of a theory are unnecessary before the simple theory is falsified?

answer: additional conditions

text: additional conditions

question: Who presented a solution to the philosophical problem of induction centered around falsifiability?

answer: Popper

text: Popper

question: Who never claimed to have solved the philosophical problem of induction?

text: Popper

question: What theory is not possible to formulate?

text: every day the sun will rise

question: What would confirm the theory the sun will rise?

text: it does not rise

question: What is rational according to Popper?

question: Who said it was rational to assume the sun will rise until a given day?

text: Popper


text: The Crusades brought a shift in European trade routes that accelerated the decline of Kievan Rus'. In 1204 the forces of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople, making the Dnieper trade route marginal. At the same time the Teutonic Knights (of the Northern Crusades) were conquering the Baltic region and threatening the Lands of Novgorod. Concurrently with it the Ruthenian Federation of Kievan Rus' started to disintegrate into smaller principalities as the Rurik dynasty grew. The local Orthodox Christianity of Kievan Rus', while struggling to establish itself in the predominantly pagan state and losing its main base in Constantinople was on the brink of extinction. Some of the main regional centres that developed later were Novgorod, Chernigov, Galich, Kiev, Ryazan, Vladimir-upon-Klyazma, Vladimir of Volyn and Polotsk.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: The

text: Crusades

text: brought

text: a

text: shift

text: in

text: European

text: trade

text: routes

text: that

text: accelerated

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: In

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: sacked

text: Constantinople

text: making

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: trade

text: route

text: marginal

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Knights

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Crusades

text: were

text: conquering

text: the

text: Baltic

text: region

text: and

text: threatening

text: the

text: Lands

text: of

text: Novgorod

text: Concurrently

text: with

text: it

text: the

text: Ruthenian

text: Federation

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: started

text: to

text: disintegrate

text: into

text: smaller

text: principalities

text: as

text: the

text: Rurik

text: dynasty

text: grew

text: The

text: local

text: Orthodox

text: Christianity

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: while

text: struggling

text: to

text: establish

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: predominantly

text: pagan

text: state

text: and

text: losing

text: its

text: main

text: base

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: brink

text: of

text: extinction

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: regional

text: centres

text: that

text: developed

text: later

text: were

text: Novgorod

text: Chernigov

text: Galich

text: Kiev

text: Ryazan

text: Vladimir

text: upon

text: Klyazma

text: Vladimir

text: of

text: Volyn

text: and

text: Polotsk

question: What helped speed up the decline of the Kievan Rus?

answer: The Crusades

text: The Crusades

question: In what year did the Crusade sack Constantinople?

answer: 1204

question: What group was attacking the the Baltic Region in 1204?

answer: Teutonic Knights

text: Teutonic Knights

question: What helped restore the Kievam Rus?

text: The Crusades

question: What year did the Kievan Rus go into decline?

question: What group united the Baltic region in 1204?

text: Teutonic Knights

question: What helped the keep the local Orthodox Christianity of Kievan Rus?

text: Ruthenian Federation


text: Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, which reach altitudes of 700 to 1,500 meters (2,300 to 4,900 ft).

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: Zhejiang

text: consists

text: mostly

text: of

text: hills

text: which

text: account

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: area

text: Altitudes

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: highest

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: Huangmaojian

text: Peak

text: meters

text: or

text: feet

text: is

text: located

text: there

text: Other

text: prominent

text: mountains

text: include

text: Mounts

text: Yandang

text: Tianmu

text: Tiantai

text: and

text: Mogan

text: which

text: reach

text: altitudes

text: of

text: to

text: meters

text: to

text: ft

question: What does Zhejiang consist mostly of?

answer: hills

text: hills

question: What percent of Zhejiang is hills?

answer: 70%

question: What is the highest peak of the province?

answer: Huangmaojian Peak

text: Huangmaojian Peak

question: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in meters?

answer: 1,929

question: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?

answer: 6,329

question: What does Zhejiang not consist mostly of?

text: hills

question: What percent of Zhejiang is flat?

question: What is the lowest peak of the province?

text: Huangmaojian Peak

question: How low is Huangmaojian Peak in meters?

text: 1,929 meters

question: How low is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?

text: 6,329 feet


text: New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches. Parks in New York City include Central Park, Prospect Park, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Forest Park, and Washington Square Park. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (1,093 ha).

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: has

text: over

text: acres

text: of

text: municipal

text: parkland

text: and

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: public

text: beaches

text: Parks

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: include

text: Central

text: Park

text: Prospect

text: Park

text: Flushing

text: Meadows

text: Corona

text: Park

text: Forest

text: Park

text: and

text: Washington

text: Square

text: Park

text: The

text: largest

text: municipal

text: park

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: Pelham

text: Bay

text: Park

text: with

text: acres

text: ha

question: New York has approximately how many acres of parks?

answer: 28,000

question: How many miles of public beach are located in New York City?

answer: 14

question: What is the biggest public park in the city?

answer: Pelham Bay Park

text: Pelham Bay Park

question: How large is Pelham Bay Park in hectares?

answer: 1,093

question: New York City has how many acres of land dedicated to parks?

answer: over 28,000

text: over 28,000

question: How long are all the public beaches together in miles?

answer: 14

question: What is the largest park in New York City?

answer: Pelham Bay Park

text: Pelham Bay Park

question: How many acres of land does Pelham Bay park have?

answer: 2,700


text: Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level, however university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Credentials

text: are

text: typically

text: conferred

text: at

text: the

text: undergraduate

text: level

text: however

text: university

text: affiliated

text: schools

text: like

text: the

text: École

text: de

text: technologie

text: supérieure

text: and

text: the

text: École

text: Polytechnique

text: de

text: Montréal

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Quebec

text: also

text: offer

text: graduate

text: and

text: postgraduate

text: programs

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: provincial

text: higher

text: education

text: guidelines

text: Canadian

text: higher

text: education

text: institutions

text: at

text: all

text: levels

text: undertake

text: directed

text: and

text: applied

text: research

text: with

text: financing

text: allocated

text: through

text: public

text: funding

text: private

text: equity

text: or

text: industry

text: sources

question: In what city is the École Polytechnique de Montréal located?

answer: Quebec

text: Quebec

question: In addition to private equity and industry sources, what's a third source of research funding for institutions of higher learning in Canada?

answer: public funding

text: public funding


text: On January 22, 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: On

text: January

text: Apple

text: reported

text: the

text: best

text: quarter

text: revenue

text: and

text: earnings

text: in

text: Apple

text: 's

text: history

text: so

text: far

text: Apple

text: posted

text: record

text: revenue

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: and

text: record

text: net

text: quarterly

text: profit

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: revenue

text: for

text: the

text: First

text: fiscal

text: quarter

text: of

text: came

text: from

text: iPod

text: sales

text: followed

text: by

text: from

text: notebook

text: sales

text: and

text: from

text: desktop

text: sales

question: When did Apple reveal it had achieved its highest quarterly earnings to date?

answer: January 22, 2008

text: January 22, 2008

question: What was Apple's highest quarterly profit as of Q1 2008?

answer: $1.58 billion

text: $1.58 billion

question: How much of Apple's revenue resulted from purchases of laptop computers in Q1 2008?

answer: 21%

question: What percentage of Apples revenue in 1Q08 came from iPods, more than doubling the percentage of notebook sales?

answer: 42%


text: In Denmark—a country, like Britain, with a long tradition of brewing—a number of pubs have opened which eschew "theming", and which instead focus on the business of providing carefully conditioned beer, often independent of any particular brewery or chain, in an environment which would not be unfamiliar to a British pub-goer. Some import British cask ale, rather than beer in kegs, to provide the full British real ale experience to their customers. This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in Copenhagen, which was attended by more than 20,000 people.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: In

text: Denmark

text: a

text: country

text: like

text: Britain

text: with

text: a

text: long

text: tradition

text: of

text: brewing

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: pubs

text: have

text: opened

text: which

text: eschew

text: theming

text: and

text: which

text: instead

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: business

text: of

text: providing

text: carefully

text: conditioned

text: beer

text: often

text: independent

text: of

text: any

text: particular

text: brewery

text: or

text: chain

text: in

text: an

text: environment

text: which

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: unfamiliar

text: to

text: a

text: British

text: pub

text: goer

text: Some

text: import

text: British

text: cask

text: ale

text: rather

text: than

text: beer

text: in

text: kegs

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: full

text: British

text: real

text: ale

text: experience

text: to

text: their

text: customers

text: This

text: newly

text: established

text: Danish

text: interest

text: in

text: British

text: cask

text: beer

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: pub

text: tradition

text: is

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: some

text: British

text: cask

text: beers

text: were

text: available

text: at

text: the

text: European

text: Beer

text: Festival

text: in

text: Copenhagen

text: which

text: was

text: attended

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: people

question: What continental European country has pubs that would be familiar to a Briton?

answer: Denmark

text: Denmark

question: How many British cask beers were present at the 2008 European Beer Festival?

answer: 56

question: In what city did the 2008 European Beer Festival take place?

answer: Copenhagen

text: Copenhagen

question: About how many people visited the 2008 European Beer Festival?

answer: 20,000


text: Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain, though recent genetic evidence suggests Britons still formed the bulk of the population. This dominance creating what is now England and leaving culturally British enclaves only in the north of what is now England, in Cornwall and what is now known as Wales. Ireland had been unaffected by the Romans except, significantly, having been Christianised, traditionally by the Romano-Briton, Saint Patrick. As Europe, including Britain, descended into turmoil following the collapse of Roman civilisation, an era known as the Dark Ages, Ireland entered a golden age and responded with missions (first to Great Britain and then to the continent), the founding of monasteries and universities. These were later joined by Anglo-Saxon missions of a similar nature.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: arrived

text: as

text: Roman

text: power

text: waned

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: Initially

text: their

text: arrival

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: at

text: the

text: invitation

text: of

text: the

text: Britons

text: as

text: mercenaries

text: to

text: repulse

text: incursions

text: by

text: the

text: Hiberni

text: and

text: Picts

text: In

text: time

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: demands

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: became

text: so

text: great

text: that

text: they

text: came

text: to

text: culturally

text: dominate

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: southern

text: Great

text: Britain

text: though

text: recent

text: genetic

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: Britons

text: still

text: formed

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: This

text: dominance

text: creating

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: England

text: and

text: leaving

text: culturally

text: British

text: enclaves

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: England

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: and

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Wales

text: Ireland

text: had

text: been

text: unaffected

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: except

text: significantly

text: having

text: been

text: Christianised

text: traditionally

text: by

text: the

text: Romano

text: Briton

text: Saint

text: Patrick

text: As

text: Europe

text: including

text: Britain

text: descended

text: into

text: turmoil

text: following

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: Roman

text: civilisation

text: an

text: era

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: Ireland

text: entered

text: a

text: golden

text: age

text: and

text: responded

text: with

text: missions

text: first

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: the

text: continent

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: monasteries

text: and

text: universities

text: These

text: were

text: later

text: joined

text: by

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: missions

text: of

text: a

text: similar

text: nature

question: Which people arrived in the British Isles when the Roman Empire's power was diminishing?

answer: Anglo-Saxons

text: Anglo-Saxons

question: What area did the Anglo-Saxons begin to dominate in the British Isles?

answer: southern Great Britain

text: southern Great Britain

question: What happened to the British Isles and Europe after the Roman Empire ended?

answer: the Dark Ages

text: the Dark Ages

question: What era did Ireland enter when the Roman Empire ended?

answer: golden age

text: golden age

question: What did the Irish build during the Golden Age?

answer: monasteries and universities

text: monasteries and universities

question: Who arrived during the 7th century as Roman power expanded?

text: Anglo-Saxons

question: What suggests Picts made up most of the population?

text: recent genetic evidence

question: What area did Cornwall dominate in the British Isles?

text: southern Great Britain,

question: While Europe entered the golden age, Ireland was entering what ages?

text: the Dark Ages

question: What were the British founding during the golden age?

text: monasteries and universities


text: Delicate sounds and fine overtones were mostly lost, because it took a lot of sound energy to vibrate the recording horn diaphragm and cutting mechanism. There were acoustic limitations due to mechanical resonances in both the recording and playback system. Some pictures of acoustic recording sessions show horns wrapped with tape to help mute these resonances. Even an acoustic recording played back electrically on modern equipment sounds like it was recorded through a horn, notwithstanding a reduction in distortion because of the modern playback. Toward the end of the acoustic era, there were many fine examples of recordings made with horns.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Delicate

text: sounds

text: and

text: fine

text: overtones

text: were

text: mostly

text: lost

text: because

text: it

text: took

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: sound

text: energy

text: to

text: vibrate

text: the

text: recording

text: horn

text: diaphragm

text: and

text: cutting

text: mechanism

text: There

text: were

text: acoustic

text: limitations

text: due

text: to

text: mechanical

text: resonances

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: recording

text: and

text: playback

text: system

text: Some

text: pictures

text: of

text: acoustic

text: recording

text: sessions

text: show

text: horns

text: wrapped

text: with

text: tape

text: to

text: help

text: mute

text: these

text: resonances

text: Even

text: an

text: acoustic

text: recording

text: played

text: back

text: electrically

text: on

text: modern

text: equipment

text: sounds

text: like

text: it

text: was

text: recorded

text: through

text: a

text: horn

text: notwithstanding

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: distortion

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: playback

text: Toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: acoustic

text: era

text: there

text: were

text: many

text: fine

text: examples

text: of

text: recordings

text: made

text: with

text: horns

question: What was the quality of sound recordings made with horns at the end of the acoustic era?

answer: many fine examples

text: many fine examples

question: What were issues facing play back and recording mechanics?

answer: acoustic limitations

text: acoustic limitations

question: Why do photos show take on horns?

answer: help mute these resonances

text: help mute these resonances

question: How would a record recorded with a horn sound played through modern equipment?

answer: like it was recorded through a horn

text: like it was recorded through a horn

question: What was the cause of delicate and fine sound loss?

answer: took a lot of sound energy

text: took a lot of sound energy


text: Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Political

text: corruption

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: powers

text: by

text: government

text: officials

text: for

text: illegitimate

text: private

text: gain

text: An

text: illegal

text: act

text: by

text: an

text: officeholder

text: constitutes

text: political

text: corruption

text: only

text: if

text: the

text: act

text: is

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: their

text: official

text: duties

text: is

text: done

text: under

text: color

text: of

text: law

text: or

text: involves

text: trading

text: in

text: influence

question: What is it called when government officials use their power for private gain?

answer: Political corruption

text: Political corruption


text: All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. Baltimore had four major department stores: Hutzler's was the prestige leader, followed by Hecht's, Hochschild's and Stewart's. They all operated branches in the suburbs, but all closed in the late twentieth century. By 2015, most locally owned department stores around the country had been consolidated into larger chains, or had closed down entirely.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: All

text: major

text: cities

text: have

text: their

text: distinctive

text: local

text: department

text: stores

text: which

text: anchored

text: the

text: downtown

text: shopping

text: district

text: until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: malls

text: in

text: the

text: Washington

text: for

text: example

text: after

text: had

text: Woodward

text: Lothrop

text: and

text: Garfinckel

text: 's

text: starting

text: in

text: Garfield

text: 's

text: went

text: bankrupt

text: in

text: as

text: did

text: Woodward

text: Lothrop

text: in

text: Baltimore

text: had

text: four

text: major

text: department

text: stores

text: Hutzler

text: 's

text: was

text: the

text: prestige

text: leader

text: followed

text: by

text: Hecht

text: 's

text: Hochschild

text: 's

text: and

text: Stewart

text: 's

text: They

text: all

text: operated

text: branches

text: in

text: the

text: suburbs

text: but

text: all

text: closed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: twentieth

text: century

text: By

text: most

text: locally

text: owned

text: department

text: stores

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: had

text: been

text: consolidated

text: into

text: larger

text: chains

text: or

text: had

text: closed

text: down

text: entirely

question: When did Garfinckel's begin operating in Washington?

answer: 1905

question: In what year did Garfield's go bankrupt?

answer: 1990

question: How many major department stores did Baltimore have at the time?

answer: four

text: four

question: By what year had most local stores been assimilated into larger chain operations?

answer: 2015

question: When did Garfinckel's end operating in Washington?

question: In what year didn't Garfield's go bankrupt?

question: How many minor department stores did Baltimore have at the time?

text: four

question: How many major department stores didn't Baltimore have at the time?

text: four

question: By what year hadn't most local stores been assimilated into larger chain operations?


text: Recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that most placental orders diverged about 100 to 85 million years ago and that modern families appeared in the period from the late Eocene through the Miocene. But paleontologists object that no placental fossils have been found from before the end of the Cretaceous. The earliest undisputed fossils of placentals come from the early Paleocene, after the extinction of the dinosaurs. In particular, scientists have recently identified an early Paleocene animal named Protungulatum donnae as one of the first placental mammals. The earliest known ancestor of primates is Archicebus achilles from around 55 million years ago. This tiny primate weighed 20–30 grams (0.7–1.1 ounce) and could fit within a human palm.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: Recent

text: molecular

text: phylogenetic

text: studies

text: suggest

text: that

text: most

text: placental

text: orders

text: diverged

text: about

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: that

text: modern

text: families

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: Eocene

text: through

text: the

text: Miocene

text: But

text: paleontologists

text: object

text: that

text: no

text: placental

text: fossils

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: from

text: before

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: The

text: earliest

text: undisputed

text: fossils

text: of

text: placentals

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: Paleocene

text: after

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: dinosaurs

text: In

text: particular

text: scientists

text: have

text: recently

text: identified

text: an

text: early

text: Paleocene

text: animal

text: named

text: Protungulatum

text: donnae

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: placental

text: mammals

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: ancestor

text: of

text: primates

text: is

text: Archicebus

text: achilles

text: from

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: This

text: tiny

text: primate

text: weighed

text: grams

text: ounce

text: and

text: could

text: fit

text: within

text: a

text: human

text: palm

question: How long ago did most placental orders diverge from?

answer: 100 to 85 million years ago

text: 100 to 85 million years ago

question: Which two major time periods did placentals appear?

answer: Eocene through the Miocene

text: Eocene through the Miocene

question: Which time period did early highly undisputed fossils of placental mammals appear?

answer: Paleocene

text: Paleocene

question: When is the earliest know primate thought to had exist?

answer: 55 million years ago

text: 55 million years ago

question: How much did the first primate weigh?

answer: 20–30 grams (0.7–1.1 ounce)

text: 20–30 grams (0.7–1.1 ounce)

question: Where do the earliest fossils of the Miocene come from?

text: the early Paleocene

question: What have scientists identified Eocene as?

text: one of the first placental mammals

question: What is the earliest ancestor of humans from about 55 million years ago?

text: Archicebus achilles

question: How much did the Protungulatum donnae weigh?

text: 20–30 grams (0.7–1.1 ounce)

question: What do scientists object about primates before the end of the Paleocene?


text: As of 2012, renewable energy plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries globally. Renewables are becoming increasingly economic in both developing and developed countries. Prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind power and solar power, continued to drop, making renewables competitive with conventional energy sources. Without a level playing field, however, high market penetration of renewables is still dependent on a robust promotional policies. Fossil fuel subsidies, which are far higher than those for renewable energy, remain in place and quickly need to be phased out.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: As

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: plays

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: energy

text: mix

text: of

text: many

text: countries

text: globally

text: Renewables

text: are

text: becoming

text: increasingly

text: economic

text: in

text: both

text: developing

text: and

text: developed

text: countries

text: Prices

text: for

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: primarily

text: wind

text: power

text: and

text: solar

text: power

text: continued

text: to

text: drop

text: making

text: renewables

text: competitive

text: with

text: conventional

text: energy

text: sources

text: Without

text: a

text: level

text: playing

text: field

text: however

text: high

text: market

text: penetration

text: of

text: renewables

text: is

text: still

text: dependent

text: on

text: a

text: robust

text: promotional

text: policies

text: Fossil

text: fuel

text: subsidies

text: which

text: are

text: far

text: higher

text: than

text: those

text: for

text: renewable

text: energy

text: remain

text: in

text: place

text: and

text: quickly

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: phased

text: out

question: What plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries?

answer: renewable energy

text: renewable energy

question: What is becoming increasingly economic in both developing and devloped countries?

answer: Renewables

text: Renewables

question: As of 2012, prices for what commodity continued to drop?

answer: renewable energy technologies

text: renewable energy technologies

question: What plays a minor role in the energy mix of many countries?

text: renewable energy

question: What plays a major role in the energy mix of no countries?

text: renewable energy

question: What plays a major role in the energy mix of every single country?

text: renewable energy

question: As of 2013, prices for what commodity continued to drop?

text: renewable energy technologies


text: In 2010, Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center to coordinate declassification practices across agencies, provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records in NARA custody for declassification.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: In

text: Executive

text: Order

text: created

text: the

text: National

text: Declassification

text: Center

text: to

text: coordinate

text: declassification

text: practices

text: across

text: agencies

text: provide

text: secure

text: document

text: services

text: to

text: other

text: agencies

text: and

text: review

text: records

text: in

text: NARA

text: custody

text: for

text: declassification

question: What year was Executive Order 13526 created?

answer: 2010

question: What Executive order created the National Declassification Center?

answer: Executive Order 13526

text: Executive Order 13526

question: What was the aim of Executive Order 13526?

answer: coordinate declassification practices

text: coordinate declassification practices

question: In what year was NARA created?

question: What is the number of the order written by NARA to declassify documents?

question: What is the main focus of NARA's efforts?

question: What other responsibilities does NARA have?

question: What groups does NARA oversee since 2010?

text: agencies


text: Compression is useful because it helps reduce resource usage, such as data storage space or transmission capacity. Because compressed data must be decompressed to use, this extra processing imposes computational or other costs through decompression; this situation is far from being a free lunch. Data compression is subject to a space–time complexity trade-off. For instance, a compression scheme for video may require expensive hardware for the video to be decompressed fast enough to be viewed as it is being decompressed, and the option to decompress the video in full before watching it may be inconvenient or require additional storage. The design of data compression schemes involves trade-offs among various factors, including the degree of compression, the amount of distortion introduced (when using lossy data compression), and the computational resources required to compress and decompress the data.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Compression

text: is

text: useful

text: because

text: it

text: helps

text: reduce

text: resource

text: usage

text: such

text: as

text: data

text: storage

text: space

text: or

text: transmission

text: capacity

text: Because

text: compressed

text: data

text: must

text: be

text: decompressed

text: to

text: use

text: this

text: extra

text: processing

text: imposes

text: computational

text: or

text: other

text: costs

text: through

text: decompression

text: this

text: situation

text: is

text: far

text: from

text: being

text: a

text: free

text: lunch

text: Data

text: compression

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: a

text: space

text: time

text: complexity

text: trade

text: off

text: For

text: instance

text: a

text: compression

text: scheme

text: for

text: video

text: may

text: require

text: expensive

text: hardware

text: for

text: the

text: video

text: to

text: be

text: decompressed

text: fast

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: being

text: decompressed

text: and

text: the

text: option

text: to

text: decompress

text: the

text: video

text: in

text: full

text: before

text: watching

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: inconvenient

text: or

text: require

text: additional

text: storage

text: The

text: design

text: of

text: data

text: compression

text: schemes

text: involves

text: trade

text: offs

text: among

text: various

text: factors

text: including

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: compression

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: distortion

text: introduced

text: when

text: using

text: lossy

text: data

text: compression

text: and

text: the

text: computational

text: resources

text: required

text: to

text: compress

text: and

text: decompress

text: the

text: data

question: What helps reduce resource usage?

answer: Compression

text: Compression

question: What must be decompressed?

answer: compressed data

text: compressed data

question: What is subject to a space-time complexity trade off?

answer: Data compression

text: Data compression

question: What type of scheme involves trade offs among other things?

answer: data compression

text: data compression

question: What helps reduce trade-offs?

text: Compression

question: What is subject to a space-time hardware?

text: Data compression

question: What type of scheme involves storage among other things?

text: data compression

question: What must compressed data be to be inconvenient?

text: decompressed

question: What does extra processing impose through distortion?

text: computational or other costs


text: The early Manchu rulers also established two foundations of legitimacy which help to explain the stability of their dynasty. The first was the bureaucratic institutions and the neo-Confucian culture which they adopted from earlier dynasties. Manchu rulers and Han Chinese scholar-official elites gradually came to terms with each other. The examination system offered a path for ethnic Han to become officials. Imperial patronage of Kangxi Dictionary demonstrated respect for Confucian learning, while the Sacred Edict of 1670 effectively extolled Confucian family values. The second major source of stability was the Central Asian aspect of their Manchu identity which allowed them to appeal to Mongol, Tibetan and Uighur constituents. The Qing used the title of Emperor (Huangdi) in Chinese while among Mongols the Qing monarch was referred to as Bogda khan (wise Khan), and referred to as Gong Ma in Tibet. Qianlong propagated the image of himself as Buddhist sage rulers, patrons of Tibetan Buddhism. In the Manchu language, the Qing monarch was alternately referred to as either Huwangdi (Emperor) or Khan with no special distinction between the two usages. The Kangxi Emperor also welcomed to his court Jesuit missionaries, who had first come to China under the Ming. Missionaries including Tomás Pereira, Martino Martini, Johann Adam Schall von Bell, Ferdinand Verbiest and Antoine Thomas held significant positions as military weapons experts, mathematicians, cartographers, astronomers and advisers to the emperor. The relationship of trust was however lost in the later Chinese Rites controversy.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: early

text: Manchu

text: rulers

text: also

text: established

text: two

text: foundations

text: of

text: legitimacy

text: which

text: help

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: their

text: dynasty

text: The

text: first

text: was

text: the

text: bureaucratic

text: institutions

text: and

text: the

text: neo

text: Confucian

text: culture

text: which

text: they

text: adopted

text: from

text: earlier

text: dynasties

text: Manchu

text: rulers

text: and

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: scholar

text: official

text: elites

text: gradually

text: came

text: to

text: terms

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: The

text: examination

text: system

text: offered

text: a

text: path

text: for

text: ethnic

text: Han

text: to

text: become

text: officials

text: Imperial

text: patronage

text: of

text: Kangxi

text: Dictionary

text: demonstrated

text: respect

text: for

text: Confucian

text: learning

text: while

text: the

text: Sacred

text: Edict

text: of

text: effectively

text: extolled

text: Confucian

text: family

text: values

text: The

text: second

text: major

text: source

text: of

text: stability

text: was

text: the

text: Central

text: Asian

text: aspect

text: of

text: their

text: Manchu

text: identity

text: which

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: appeal

text: to

text: Mongol

text: Tibetan

text: and

text: Uighur

text: constituents

text: The

text: Qing

text: used

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Huangdi

text: in

text: Chinese

text: while

text: among

text: Mongols

text: the

text: Qing

text: monarch

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Bogda

text: khan

text: wise

text: Khan

text: and

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Gong

text: Ma

text: in

text: Tibet

text: Qianlong

text: propagated

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: himself

text: as

text: Buddhist

text: sage

text: rulers

text: patrons

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: In

text: the

text: Manchu

text: language

text: the

text: Qing

text: monarch

text: was

text: alternately

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: either

text: Huwangdi

text: Emperor

text: or

text: Khan

text: with

text: no

text: special

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: usages

text: The

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: also

text: welcomed

text: to

text: his

text: court

text: Jesuit

text: missionaries

text: who

text: had

text: first

text: come

text: to

text: China

text: under

text: the

text: Ming

text: Missionaries

text: including

text: Tomás

text: Pereira

text: Martino

text: Martini

text: Johann

text: Adam

text: Schall

text: von

text: Bell

text: Ferdinand

text: Verbiest

text: and

text: Antoine

text: Thomas

text: held

text: significant

text: positions

text: as

text: military

text: weapons

text: experts

text: mathematicians

text: cartographers

text: astronomers

text: and

text: advisers

text: to

text: the

text: emperor

text: The

text: relationship

text: of

text: trust

text: was

text: however

text: lost

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: Chinese

text: Rites

text: controversy

question: What type of learning did the early Manchu leaders respect?

answer: Confucian

text: Confucian

question: What declaration solidified Confucian values?

answer: Sacred Edict of 1670

text: Sacred Edict of 1670

question: Who did the Manchu appeal to?

answer: Mongol, Tibetan and Uighur

text: Mongol, Tibetan and Uighur

question: What Christians did Kangxi allow in his court?

answer: Jesuit missionaries

text: Jesuit missionaries


text: Groups that emerged from the American psychedelic scene about the same time included Iron Butterfly, MC5, Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge. San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a crude and distorted cover of Eddie Cochran's classic "Summertime Blues", from their 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum, that outlined much of the later hard rock and heavy metal sound. The same month, Steppenwolf released its self-titled debut album, including "Born to Be Wild", which contained the first lyrical reference to heavy metal and helped popularise the style when it was used in the film Easy Rider (1969). Iron Butterfly's In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), with its 17-minute-long title track, using organs and with a lengthy drum solo, also prefigured later elements of the sound.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Groups

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: American

text: psychedelic

text: scene

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: included

text: Iron

text: Butterfly

text: Blue

text: Cheer

text: and

text: Vanilla

text: Fudge

text: San

text: Francisco

text: band

text: Blue

text: Cheer

text: released

text: a

text: crude

text: and

text: distorted

text: cover

text: of

text: Eddie

text: Cochran

text: 's

text: classic

text: Summertime

text: Blues

text: from

text: their

text: debut

text: album

text: Vincebus

text: Eruptum

text: that

text: outlined

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: hard

text: rock

text: and

text: heavy

text: metal

text: sound

text: The

text: same

text: month

text: Steppenwolf

text: released

text: its

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: album

text: including

text: Born

text: to

text: Be

text: Wild

text: which

text: contained

text: the

text: first

text: lyrical

text: reference

text: to

text: heavy

text: metal

text: and

text: helped

text: popularise

text: the

text: style

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Easy

text: Rider

text: Iron

text: Butterfly

text: 's

text: In

text: A

text: Gadda

text: Da

text: Vida

text: with

text: its

text: long

text: title

text: track

text: using

text: organs

text: and

text: with

text: a

text: lengthy

text: drum

text: solo

text: also

text: prefigured

text: later

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: sound

question: Where was the band Blue Cheer from?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: What classic song did Blue Cheer cover?

answer: "Summertime Blues"

text: "Summertime Blues"

question: What was the hit off Steppenwolf's self-titled debut lp?

answer: "Born to Be Wild"

text: "Born to Be Wild"

question: What movie featured that Steppenwolf single?

answer: Easy Rider

text: Easy Rider

question: The lyrics to "Born To Be Wild" contain the first reference to what hard rock style?

answer: heavy metal

text: heavy metal

question: What Blue Cheer classic was duplicated by Eddie Cochran?

text: Summertime Blues

question: What song was not included in the 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum?

text: Summertime Blues

question: What LA based band released a distorted cover of Summertime Blues?

text: Blue Cheer

question: When did Vanilla Fudge release Born to be Wild?

question: What song was used in the film Easy Rider in 1965?

text: Born to Be Wild


text: Seeking to harm enemies becomes corruption when official powers are illegitimately used as means to this end. For example, trumped-up charges are often brought up against journalists or writers who bring up politically sensitive issues, such as a politician's acceptance of bribes.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Seeking

text: to

text: harm

text: enemies

text: becomes

text: corruption

text: when

text: official

text: powers

text: are

text: illegitimately

text: used

text: as

text: means

text: to

text: this

text: end

text: For

text: example

text: trumped

text: up

text: charges

text: are

text: often

text: brought

text: up

text: against

text: journalists

text: or

text: writers

text: who

text: bring

text: up

text: politically

text: sensitive

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: politician

text: 's

text: acceptance

text: of

text: bribes

question: Corruption also occurs when an official wants to cause some form of harm to who?

answer: enemies

text: enemies

question: False charges can be brought against a journalist who writes about what?

answer: politically sensitive issues

text: politically sensitive issues


text: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This leaves less room for practices such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular music  styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles lend themselves to the song form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can attain a high level of complexity.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: is

text: largely

text: distinguished

text: from

text: many

text: other

text: non

text: European

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: forms

text: by

text: its

text: system

text: of

text: staff

text: notation

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: about

text: the

text: century

text: Western

text: staff

text: notation

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: composers

text: to

text: prescribe

text: to

text: the

text: performer

text: the

text: pitches

text: e.g.

text: melodies

text: basslines

text: and/or

text: chords

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: rhythms

text: for

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: This

text: leaves

text: less

text: room

text: for

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: improvisation

text: and

text: ad

text: libitum

text: ornamentation

text: which

text: are

text: frequently

text: heard

text: in

text: non

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: jazz

text: and

text: blues

text: Another

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: whereas

text: most

text: popular

text: styles

text: lend

text: themselves

text: to

text: the

text: song

text: form

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: forms

text: of

text: instrumental

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: concerto

text: symphony

text: sonata

text: and

text: mixed

text: vocal

text: and

text: instrumental

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: which

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: written

text: down

text: can

text: attain

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: complexity

question: How is European art music distinguished from non-European and popular music?

answer: its system of staff notation

text: its system of staff notation

question: What method is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches, tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music?

answer: Western staff notation

text: Western staff notation

question: What popular styles practice improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation?

answer: jazz and blues

text: jazz and blues

question: Since it is written down, classical music can attain a high level of what?

answer: complexity

text: complexity

question: How is European art music distinguished from many other musical forms?

answer: its system of staff notation

text: its system of staff notation

question: How long has the system of staff notation been in use?

answer: since about the 16th century

text: since about the 16th century

question: Jazz and blues use ad libitum and what other ornamentation?

answer: improvisation

text: improvisation

question: Classic music can a attain a high level of what?

answer: complexity

text: complexity


text: The Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter verse which describe the journey of Aeneas, a warrior fleeing the sack of Troy, to Italy, his battle with the Italian prince Turnus, and the foundation of a city from which Rome would emerge. The Aeneid's first six books describe the journey of Aeneas from Troy to Rome. Virgil made use of several models in the composition of his epic; Homer, the preeminent author of classical epic, is everywhere present, but Virgil also makes special use of the Latin poet Ennius and the Hellenistic poet Apollonius of Rhodes among the various other writers to which he alludes. Although the Aeneid casts itself firmly into the epic mode, it often seeks to expand the genre by including elements of other genres such as tragedy and aetiological poetry. Ancient commentators noted that Virgil seems to divide the Aeneid into two sections based on the poetry of Homer; the first six books were viewed as employing the Odyssey as a model while the last six were connected to the Iliad.

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: The

text: Aeneid

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: finest

text: work

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: poems

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: western

text: literature

text: Virgil

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: Aeneid

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: eleven

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: BC

text: commissioned

text: according

text: to

text: Propertius

text: by

text: Augustus

text: The

text: epic

text: poem

text: consists

text: of

text: books

text: in

text: dactylic

text: hexameter

text: verse

text: which

text: describe

text: the

text: journey

text: of

text: Aeneas

text: a

text: warrior

text: fleeing

text: the

text: sack

text: of

text: Troy

text: to

text: Italy

text: his

text: battle

text: with

text: the

text: Italian

text: prince

text: Turnus

text: and

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: a

text: city

text: from

text: which

text: Rome

text: would

text: emerge

text: The

text: Aeneid

text: 's

text: first

text: six

text: books

text: describe

text: the

text: journey

text: of

text: Aeneas

text: from

text: Troy

text: to

text: Rome

text: Virgil

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: several

text: models

text: in

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: his

text: epic

text: Homer

text: the

text: preeminent

text: author

text: of

text: classical

text: epic

text: is

text: everywhere

text: present

text: but

text: Virgil

text: also

text: makes

text: special

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: poet

text: Ennius

text: and

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: poet

text: Apollonius

text: of

text: Rhodes

text: among

text: the

text: various

text: other

text: writers

text: to

text: which

text: he

text: alludes

text: Although

text: the

text: Aeneid

text: casts

text: itself

text: firmly

text: into

text: the

text: epic

text: mode

text: it

text: often

text: seeks

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: genre

text: by

text: including

text: elements

text: of

text: other

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: tragedy

text: and

text: aetiological

text: poetry

text: Ancient

text: commentators

text: noted

text: that

text: Virgil

text: seems

text: to

text: divide

text: the

text: Aeneid

text: into

text: two

text: sections

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: poetry

text: of

text: Homer

text: the

text: first

text: six

text: books

text: were

text: viewed

text: as

text: employing

text: the

text: Odyssey

text: as

text: a

text: model

text: while

text: the

text: last

text: six

text: were

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Iliad

question: Which of Virgil's works is widely considered his finest?

answer: The Aeneid

text: The Aeneid

question: Who commissioned the Aeneid according to Propertius?

answer: Augustus

text: Augustus

question: How many books are included in The Aeneid?

answer: 12

question: Which of Homer's works did the first six books of the Aeneid model after?

answer: Odyssey

text: Odyssey

question: Which of Homer's works did the last six books of the Aeneid connect to?

answer: Iliad

text: Iliad

question: How old was Virgil when he died?

question: Which poet published the most work?

text: Ennius

question: Who commissioned the Iliad?

text: Apollonius

question: Which of Homer's works was longer, the Iliad or the Odyssey?

text: the Odyssey


text: At the invitation of the United States government, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004. It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past. In September 2004 the OSCE issued a report on U.S. electoral processes and the election final report. The report reads: "The November 2, 2004 elections in the United States mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document. They were conducted in an environment that reflects a long-standing democratic tradition, including institutions governed by the rule of law, free and generally professional media, and a civil society intensively engaged in the election process. There was exceptional public interest in the two leading presidential candidates and the issues raised by their respective campaigns, as well as in the election process itself."

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: At

text: the

text: invitation

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: the

text: Organization

text: for

text: Security

text: and

text: Cooperation

text: in

text: Europe

text: OSCE

text: sent

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: observers

text: to

text: monitor

text: the

text: presidential

text: elections

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: the

text: OSCE

text: had

text: sent

text: observers

text: to

text: a

text: U.S.

text: presidential

text: election

text: although

text: they

text: had

text: been

text: invited

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: OSCE

text: issued

text: a

text: report

text: on

text: U.S.

text: electoral

text: processes

text: and

text: the

text: election

text: final

text: report

text: The

text: report

text: reads

text: The

text: November

text: elections

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: mostly

text: met

text: the

text: OSCE

text: commitments

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Copenhagen

text: Document

text: They

text: were

text: conducted

text: in

text: an

text: environment

text: that

text: reflects

text: a

text: long

text: standing

text: democratic

text: tradition

text: including

text: institutions

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: free

text: and

text: generally

text: professional

text: media

text: and

text: a

text: civil

text: society

text: intensively

text: engaged

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: process

text: There

text: was

text: exceptional

text: public

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: leading

text: presidential

text: candidates

text: and

text: the

text: issues

text: raised

text: by

text: their

text: respective

text: campaigns

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: process

text: itself

question: Who was called in to watch over the presidential election in 2004?

answer: the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004

text: the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004

question: Was this the only occasion the OSCE was invited to preside over a presidential election?

answer: It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.

text: It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.

question: What were the findings of the OSCE team?

answer: mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document

text: mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document

question: What type of values did the OSCE determine were adhered to during the election process?

answer: long-standing democratic tradition

text: long-standing democratic tradition

question: What group was invited to the US by the public in 1990?

question: Why did OSCE come to the US in 1990?

text: to monitor the presidential elections

question: Who did the OSCE send to the US in 1990?

text: a team of observers

question: How many times had the OSCE been to the US before 1990?

text: It was the first time

question: What was issued by the OSCE in 1990 on the election?

text: a report


text: By the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the capital Beijing was captured and the Summer Palace sacked by a relatively small Anglo-French coalition force numbering 25,000. The advent of modern weaponry resulting from the European Industrial Revolution had rendered China's traditionally trained and equipped army and navy obsolete. The government attempts to modernize during the Self-Strengthening Movement were initially successful, but yielded few lasting results because of the central government's lack of funds, lack of political will, and unwillingness to depart from tradition.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: most

text: conservative

text: elements

text: within

text: the

text: Qing

text: court

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: ignore

text: China

text: 's

text: military

text: weakness

text: In

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Opium

text: War

text: the

text: capital

text: Beijing

text: was

text: captured

text: and

text: the

text: Summer

text: Palace

text: sacked

text: by

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: Anglo

text: French

text: coalition

text: force

text: numbering

text: The

text: advent

text: of

text: modern

text: weaponry

text: resulting

text: from

text: the

text: European

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: had

text: rendered

text: China

text: 's

text: traditionally

text: trained

text: and

text: equipped

text: army

text: and

text: navy

text: obsolete

text: The

text: government

text: attempts

text: to

text: modernize

text: during

text: the

text: Self

text: Strengthening

text: Movement

text: were

text: initially

text: successful

text: but

text: yielded

text: few

text: lasting

text: results

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: 's

text: lack

text: of

text: funds

text: lack

text: of

text: political

text: will

text: and

text: unwillingness

text: to

text: depart

text: from

text: tradition

question: When was the Second Opium War?

answer: 1860

question: What happened to the Summer Palace?

answer: sacked

text: sacked

question: How big was the French-British army?

answer: 25,000

question: What was the Qing governments attempt to create a modern socity called?

answer: Self-Strengthening Movement

text: Self-Strengthening Movement


text: In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor. Various other components of armor protected the samurai's body. The helmet kabuto was an important part of the samurai's armor. Samurai armor changed and developed as the methods of samurai warfare changed over the centuries. The known last use of samurai armor occurring in 1877 during the satsuma rebellion. As the last samurai rebellion was crushed, Japan modernized its defenses and turned to a national conscription army that used uniforms.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: In

text: the

text: a

text: new

text: type

text: of

text: armor

text: started

text: to

text: become

text: popular

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: firearms

text: new

text: fighting

text: tactics

text: and

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: additional

text: protection

text: The

text: kozane

text: dou

text: made

text: from

text: individual

text: scales

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: plate

text: armor

text: This

text: new

text: armor

text: which

text: used

text: iron

text: plated

text: dou

text: dō

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Tosei

text: gusoku

text: or

text: modern

text: armor

text: Various

text: other

text: components

text: of

text: armor

text: protected

text: the

text: samurai

text: 's

text: body

text: The

text: helmet

text: kabuto

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: samurai

text: 's

text: armor

text: Samurai

text: armor

text: changed

text: and

text: developed

text: as

text: the

text: methods

text: of

text: samurai

text: warfare

text: changed

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: The

text: known

text: last

text: use

text: of

text: samurai

text: armor

text: occurring

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: satsuma

text: rebellion

text: As

text: the

text: last

text: samurai

text: rebellion

text: was

text: crushed

text: Japan

text: modernized

text: its

text: defenses

text: and

text: turned

text: to

text: a

text: national

text: conscription

text: army

text: that

text: used

text: uniforms

question: Why were there armor changes in the 1500s?

answer: the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection

text: the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection

question: What type of armor was replaced?

answer: kozane dou

text: kozane dou

question: What new type of armor replaced the old?

answer: plate armor

text: plate armor

question: What was the new armor called?

answer: Tosei-gusoku

text: Tosei-gusoku

question: When was samurai armor last used?

answer: 1877


text: The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one subscriber-based air ambulance located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands. A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: Government

text: of

text: Guam

text: maintains

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: main

text: health

text: care

text: facility

text: Guam

text: Memorial

text: Hospital

text: in

text: Tamuning

text: U.S.

text: board

text: certified

text: doctors

text: and

text: dentists

text: practice

text: in

text: all

text: specialties

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Naval

text: Hospital

text: in

text: Agana

text: Heights

text: serves

text: active

text: duty

text: members

text: and

text: dependents

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: community

text: There

text: is

text: one

text: subscriber

text: based

text: air

text: ambulance

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: CareJet

text: which

text: provides

text: emergency

text: patient

text: transportation

text: across

text: Guam

text: and

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: A

text: private

text: hospital

text: the

text: Guam

text: Regional

text: Medical

text: City

text: opened

text: its

text: doors

text: in

text: early

question: Who runs Guam's main health care facility?

answer: The Government of Guam

text: The Government of Guam

question: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?

answer: Guam Memorial Hospital

text: Guam Memorial Hospital

question: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?

answer: Guam Regional Medical City

text: Guam Regional Medical City

question: When did Guam Memorial Hospital open its doors?

text: early 2016

question: In what city is Guam Regional Medical City?

text: Tamuning

question: When did CareJet go into business in Guam?

question: In what city is CareJet headquartered?

text: Agana Heights

question: What type of doctors work at the Guam Regional Medical City?

text: U.S. board certified doctors


text: Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from travelling to them without a permit. A notable closed military installation was the city of Paldiski, which was entirely closed to all public access. The city had a support base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet's submarines and several large military bases, including a nuclear submarine training centre complete with a full-scale model of a nuclear submarine with working nuclear reactors. The Paldiski reactors building passed into Estonian control in 1994 after the last Russian troops left the country. Immigration was another effect of Soviet occupation. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were relocated to Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union to assist industrialisation and militarisation, contributing an increase of about half a million people within 45 years.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Militarization

text: was

text: another

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: state

text: Large

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: especially

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: were

text: closed

text: to

text: all

text: but

text: the

text: Soviet

text: military

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: shore

text: and

text: all

text: sea

text: islands

text: including

text: Saaremaa

text: and

text: Hiiumaa

text: were

text: declared

text: border

text: zones

text: People

text: not

text: actually

text: residing

text: there

text: were

text: restricted

text: from

text: travelling

text: to

text: them

text: without

text: a

text: permit

text: A

text: notable

text: closed

text: military

text: installation

text: was

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Paldiski

text: which

text: was

text: entirely

text: closed

text: to

text: all

text: public

text: access

text: The

text: city

text: had

text: a

text: support

text: base

text: for

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Baltic

text: Fleet

text: 's

text: submarines

text: and

text: several

text: large

text: military

text: bases

text: including

text: a

text: nuclear

text: submarine

text: training

text: centre

text: complete

text: with

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: model

text: of

text: a

text: nuclear

text: submarine

text: with

text: working

text: nuclear

text: reactors

text: The

text: Paldiski

text: reactors

text: building

text: passed

text: into

text: Estonian

text: control

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: last

text: Russian

text: troops

text: left

text: the

text: country

text: Immigration

text: was

text: another

text: effect

text: of

text: Soviet

text: occupation

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: migrants

text: were

text: relocated

text: to

text: Estonia

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: to

text: assist

text: industrialisation

text: and

text: militarisation

text: contributing

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: about

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: people

text: within

text: years

question: What political strategy only allowed major parts of of Estonia to be accessed by the Soviets?

answer: Militarization

text: Militarization

question: What sea islands were declared border zones?

answer: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa

text: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa

question: What document did people need to travel to the border zones?

answer: permit

text: permit

question: What was established in the city of Paldiski?

answer: A notable closed military installation

text: A notable closed military installation


text: At the end of the Balkan Wars, the extent of Greece's territory and population had increased. In the following years, the struggle between King Constantine I and charismatic Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the country's foreign policy on the eve of World War I dominated the country's political scene, and divided the country into two opposing groups. During parts of the First World War, Greece had two governments; a royalist pro-German government in Athens and a Venizelist pro-Britain one in Thessaloniki. The two governments were united in 1917, when Greece officially entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Wars

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: Greece

text: 's

text: territory

text: and

text: population

text: had

text: increased

text: In

text: the

text: following

text: years

text: the

text: struggle

text: between

text: King

text: Constantine

text: I

text: and

text: charismatic

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Eleftherios

text: Venizelos

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: foreign

text: policy

text: on

text: the

text: eve

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: dominated

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: political

text: scene

text: and

text: divided

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: two

text: opposing

text: groups

text: During

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: Greece

text: had

text: two

text: governments

text: a

text: royalist

text: pro

text: German

text: government

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: a

text: Venizelist

text: pro

text: Britain

text: one

text: in

text: Thessaloniki

text: The

text: two

text: governments

text: were

text: united

text: in

text: when

text: Greece

text: officially

text: entered

text: the

text: war

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Triple

text: Entente

question: What divided Greece into two political groups?

answer: the country's foreign policy

text: the country's foreign policy

question: How many governments did Greece have in World War 1?

answer: two

text: two

question: When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight?

answer: the Triple Entente

text: the Triple Entente

question: Greece's multiple governments came together in what year?

answer: 1917


text: Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing").

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Whitehead

text: describes

text: causal

text: efficacy

text: as

text: the

text: experience

text: dominating

text: the

text: primitive

text: living

text: organisms

text: which

text: have

text: a

text: sense

text: for

text: the

text: fate

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: emerged

text: and

text: the

text: fate

text: towards

text: which

text: they

text: go

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: causal

text: relations

text: between

text: entities

text: a

text: feeling

text: of

text: being

text: influenced

text: and

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: surrounding

text: environment

text: unmediated

text: by

text: the

text: senses

text: Presentational

text: immediacy

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: is

text: what

text: is

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: pure

text: sense

text: perception

text: unmediated

text: by

text: any

text: causal

text: or

text: symbolic

text: interpretation

text: even

text: unconscious

text: interpretation

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: it

text: is

text: pure

text: appearance

text: which

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: delusive

text: e.g.

text: mistaking

text: an

text: image

text: in

text: a

text: mirror

text: for

text: the

text: real

text: thing

question: What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate?

answer: causal efficacy

text: causal efficacy

question: What is the other term for "pure sense perception"?

answer: Presentational immediacy

text: Presentational immediacy

question: What is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing?

answer: Presentational immediacy

text: Presentational immediacy

question: How does Whitehead define causal efficacy?

answer: "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."

text: "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."

question: How do the senses affect causal efficacy?

answer: unmediated by the senses

text: unmediated by the senses

question: How does Whitehead define presentational immediacy?

answer: "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation

text: "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation

question: What can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy?

answer: it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive

text: it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive

question: What can be said about the inaccuracy of presentational immediacy?

text: it is pure appearance

question: How does Whitehead define noncausal efficacy?

question: How do the senses affect non-causal efficacy?

text: unmediated by the senses

question: How does Whitehead define unpresentational immediacy?


text: The official language of Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: Swiss

text: variety

text: of

text: Standard

text: German

text: but

text: the

text: main

text: spoken

text: language

text: is

text: the

text: Alemannic

text: Swiss

text: German

text: dialect

text: called

text: Bernese

text: German

question: What is the official language of Bern?

answer: German

text: German


text: Atlantic City is considered as the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast," and currently has eight large casinos and several smaller ones. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes. They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: is

text: considered

text: as

text: the

text: Gambling

text: Capital

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Coast

text: and

text: currently

text: has

text: eight

text: large

text: casinos

text: and

text: several

text: smaller

text: ones

text: In

text: New

text: Jersey

text: 's

text: casinos

text: employed

text: approximately

text: employees

text: had

text: million

text: visitors

text: made

text: billion

text: in

text: gaming

text: revenue

text: and

text: paid

text: million

text: in

text: taxes

text: They

text: are

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Casino

text: Control

text: Commission

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Division

text: of

text: Gaming

text: Enforcement

question: What is Atlantic City known for?

answer: Gambling Capital of the East Coast

text: Gambling Capital of the East Coast

question: How many large casinos are located in Atlantic City?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: Approximately how many people did New Jersey casinos employ in 2011?

answer: 33,000

question: Approximately how many people visited New Jersey's casinos in 2011?

answer: 28.5 million

text: 28.5 million

question: What two entities regulate New Jersey's casino?

answer: New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement

text: New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement


text: Rome offers no native creation myth, and little mythography to explain the character of its deities, their mutual relationships or their interactions with the human world, but Roman theology acknowledged that di immortales (immortal gods) ruled all realms of the heavens and earth. There were gods of the upper heavens, gods of the underworld and a myriad of lesser deities between. Some evidently favoured Rome because Rome honoured them, but none were intrinsically, irredeemably foreign or alien. The political, cultural and religious coherence of an emergent Roman super-state required a broad, inclusive and flexible network of lawful cults. At different times and in different places, the sphere of influence, character and functions of a divine being could expand, overlap with those of others, and be redefined as Roman. Change was embedded within existing traditions.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Rome

text: offers

text: no

text: native

text: creation

text: myth

text: and

text: little

text: mythography

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: its

text: deities

text: their

text: mutual

text: relationships

text: or

text: their

text: interactions

text: with

text: the

text: human

text: world

text: but

text: Roman

text: theology

text: acknowledged

text: that

text: di

text: immortales

text: immortal

text: gods

text: ruled

text: all

text: realms

text: of

text: the

text: heavens

text: and

text: earth

text: There

text: were

text: gods

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: heavens

text: gods

text: of

text: the

text: underworld

text: and

text: a

text: myriad

text: of

text: lesser

text: deities

text: between

text: Some

text: evidently

text: favoured

text: Rome

text: because

text: Rome

text: honoured

text: them

text: but

text: were

text: intrinsically

text: irredeemably

text: foreign

text: or

text: alien

text: The

text: political

text: cultural

text: and

text: religious

text: coherence

text: of

text: an

text: emergent

text: Roman

text: super

text: state

text: required

text: a

text: broad

text: inclusive

text: and

text: flexible

text: network

text: of

text: lawful

text: cults

text: At

text: different

text: times

text: and

text: in

text: different

text: places

text: the

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: character

text: and

text: functions

text: of

text: a

text: divine

text: being

text: could

text: expand

text: overlap

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: others

text: and

text: be

text: redefined

text: as

text: Roman

text: Change

text: was

text: embedded

text: within

text: existing

text: traditions

question: What type of myth did Rome not have?

answer: creation

text: creation

question: To the Romans who ruled all aspects of heaven and earth?

answer: immortal gods

text: immortal gods

question: What did the Romans do for those deities that favored Rome?

answer: Rome honoured them

text: Rome honoured them

question: What did Rome make the myriad various cults?

answer: lawful

text: lawful

question: What was basic facet of Roman religious experience?

answer: Change

text: Change


text: One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: One

text: commentator

text: has

text: observed

text: that

text: notwithstanding

text: the

text: high

text: unemployment

text: resulting

text: from

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: full

text: passports

text: during

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: loyalty

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: monarchy

text: by

text: the

text: St

text: Helena

text: population

text: is

text: probably

text: not

text: exceeded

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: King

text: George

text: VI

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: to

text: have

text: visited

text: the

text: island

text: This

text: was

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: King

text: accompanied

text: by

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: later

text: the

text: Queen

text: Mother

text: Princess

text: Elizabeth

text: later

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: and

text: Princess

text: Margaret

text: were

text: travelling

text: to

text: South

text: Africa

text: Prince

text: Philip

text: arrived

text: at

text: St

text: Helena

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: his

text: son

text: Prince

text: Andrew

text: visited

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: in

text: and

text: his

text: sister

text: the

text: Princess

text: Royal

text: arrived

text: in

question: What caused high unemployment on the island?

answer: loss of full passports

text: loss of full passports

question: Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island?

answer: King George VI

text: King George VI

question: What year did King George VI visit the island?

answer: 1947

question: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?

answer: 1957

question: Prince Andrews, son of Prince Phillip visited in what year?

answer: 1984


text: Tensions over rising Polish nationalism and the economic effects of the Continental System led to renewed confrontation with Russia. To enforce his blockade, Napoleon launched an invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The resulting campaign witnessed the catastrophic collapse of the Grand Army, forcing the French to retreat, as well as leading to the widespread destruction of Russian lands and cities. In 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in a Sixth Coalition against France. A chaotic military campaign in Central Europe eventually culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October. The next year, the Allies invaded France and captured Paris, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April 1814. He was exiled to the island of Elba. The Bourbons were restored to power and the French lost most of the territories that they had conquered since the Revolution. However, Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of the government once again. The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition, which ultimately defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June. The Royal Navy then thwarted his planned escape to the United States in July, so he surrendered to the British after running out of other options. The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic. His death in 1821 at the age of 51 was received with shock and grief throughout Europe. In 1840, a million people witnessed his remains returning to Paris, where they still reside at Les Invalides.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Tensions

text: over

text: rising

text: Polish

text: nationalism

text: and

text: the

text: economic

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: Continental

text: System

text: led

text: to

text: renewed

text: confrontation

text: with

text: Russia

text: To

text: enforce

text: his

text: blockade

text: Napoleon

text: launched

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: The

text: resulting

text: campaign

text: witnessed

text: the

text: catastrophic

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Army

text: forcing

text: the

text: French

text: to

text: retreat

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: widespread

text: destruction

text: of

text: Russian

text: lands

text: and

text: cities

text: In

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Austria

text: joined

text: Russian

text: forces

text: in

text: a

text: Sixth

text: Coalition

text: against

text: France

text: A

text: chaotic

text: military

text: campaign

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: eventually

text: culminated

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: Allied

text: army

text: defeating

text: Napoleon

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Leipzig

text: in

text: October

text: The

text: next

text: year

text: the

text: Allies

text: invaded

text: France

text: and

text: captured

text: Paris

text: forcing

text: Napoleon

text: to

text: abdicate

text: in

text: April

text: He

text: was

text: exiled

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Elba

text: The

text: Bourbons

text: were

text: restored

text: to

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: lost

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: territories

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: conquered

text: since

text: the

text: Revolution

text: However

text: Napoleon

text: escaped

text: from

text: Elba

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: took

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: once

text: again

text: The

text: Allies

text: responded

text: by

text: forming

text: a

text: Seventh

text: Coalition

text: which

text: ultimately

text: defeated

text: Napoleon

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Waterloo

text: in

text: June

text: The

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: then

text: thwarted

text: his

text: planned

text: escape

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: July

text: so

text: he

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: after

text: running

text: out

text: of

text: other

text: options

text: The

text: British

text: exiled

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: remote

text: island

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: His

text: death

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: was

text: received

text: with

text: shock

text: and

text: grief

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: In

text: a

text: million

text: people

text: witnessed

text: his

text: remains

text: returning

text: to

text: Paris

text: where

text: they

text: still

text: reside

text: at

text: Les

text: Invalides

question: What nation did Napoleon invade in 1812 to enforce his blockade?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: The 1812 invasion of Russia resulted in the collapse of which military unit?

answer: the Grand Army

text: the Grand Army

question: In what year was the Sixth Coalition formed?

answer: 1813

question: In addition to Russia, the Sixth Coalition consisted of forces from which two nations?

answer: Prussia and Austria

text: Prussia and Austria

question: In what year did the Allies capture Paris and force Napoleon's abdication?

answer: 1814


text: Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war. The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. This improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries (namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), which seem to have degraded economically ever since. The primary sources of income in Tajikistan are aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers. Cotton accounts for 60% of agricultural output, supporting 75% of the rural population, and using 45% of irrigated arable land. The aluminium industry is represented by the state-owned Tajik Aluminum Company – the biggest aluminium plant in Central Asia and one of the biggest in the world.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Tajikistan

text: 's

text: economy

text: grew

text: substantially

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: GDP

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: expanded

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: rate

text: of

text: over

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Bank

text: data

text: This

text: improved

text: Tajikistan

text: 's

text: position

text: among

text: other

text: Central

text: Asian

text: countries

text: namely

text: Turkmenistan

text: and

text: Uzbekistan

text: which

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: degraded

text: economically

text: ever

text: since

text: The

text: primary

text: sources

text: of

text: income

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: are

text: aluminium

text: production

text: cotton

text: growing

text: and

text: remittances

text: from

text: migrant

text: workers

text: Cotton

text: accounts

text: for

text: of

text: agricultural

text: output

text: supporting

text: of

text: the

text: rural

text: population

text: and

text: using

text: of

text: irrigated

text: arable

text: land

text: The

text: aluminium

text: industry

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: owned

text: Tajik

text: Aluminum

text: Company

text: the

text: biggest

text: aluminium

text: plant

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What was the rate that the GDP expanded?

answer: an average rate of 9.6%

text: an average rate of 9.6%

question: What is the primary source of income in Tajikistan?

answer: aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers

text: aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers

question: What accounts for 60% of the agricultural output?

answer: 60%

question: What is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium?

answer: Tajik Aluminum Company

text: Tajik Aluminum Company

question: Whose economy declined after the war?

text: Tajikistan

question: The primary sources of income in Tajikistan are aluminum production, cow growing, and what?

text: remittances from migrant workers

question: What accounts for 70% of agricultural output?

text: Cotton

question: What is the second biggest aluminum plant in Central Asia?

text: Tajik Aluminum Company

question: The GDP of Tajikistan declined 9.6% over what period?


text: The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Cold

text: War

text: saw

text: periods

text: of

text: both

text: heightened

text: tension

text: and

text: relative

text: calm

text: International

text: crises

text: arose

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Blockade

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Crisis

text: of

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Missile

text: Crisis

text: the

text: Soviet

text: war

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: NATO

text: exercises

text: in

text: November

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: periods

text: of

text: reduced

text: tension

text: as

text: both

text: sides

text: sought

text: détente

text: Direct

text: military

text: attacks

text: on

text: adversaries

text: were

text: deterred

text: by

text: the

text: potential

text: for

text: mutual

text: assured

text: destruction

text: using

text: deliverable

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: In

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: era

text: the

text: Generation

text: of

text: Love

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: computers

text: changed

text: society

text: in

text: very

text: different

text: complex

text: ways

text: including

text: higher

text: social

text: and

text: local

text: mobility

question: What types of periods did the cold war see?

answer: heightened tension and relative calm.

text: heightened tension and relative calm.

question: Through what time period did the Berlin Blockade  last?

answer: 1948–1949

question: Through what time period did the Korean War last?

answer: 1950–1953)

question: Through what time period did the Vietnam war last?

answer: 1959–1975

question: When did the Cuban Missile crisis happen?

answer: 1962