text: A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe. Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings, walls and pavements throughout Plymouth. To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals. There is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt at the south edge of Plymouth and in Plymstock was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: A

text: band

text: of

text: Middle

text: Devonian

text: limestone

text: runs

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: from

text: Cremyll

text: to

text: Plymstock

text: including

text: the

text: Hoe

text: Local

text: limestone

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: numerous

text: buildings

text: walls

text: and

text: pavements

text: throughout

text: Plymouth

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: granite

text: mass

text: of

text: Dartmoor

text: the

text: granite

text: was

text: mined

text: and

text: exported

text: via

text: Plymouth

text: Rocks

text: brought

text: down

text: the

text: Tamar

text: from

text: Dartmoor

text: include

text: ores

text: containing

text: tin

text: copper

text: tungsten

text: lead

text: and

text: other

text: minerals

text: There

text: is

text: evidence

text: that

text: the

text: middle

text: Devonian

text: limestone

text: belt

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: edge

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: in

text: Plymstock

text: was

text: quarried

text: at

text: West

text: Hoe

text: Cattedown

text: and

text: Radford

question: Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?

answer: Cremyll

text: Cremyll

question: What location north of the city possesses granite?

answer: Dartmoor

text: Dartmoor

question: What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?

answer: Tamar

text: Tamar

question: Along with West Hoe and Radford, where was Middle Devonian limestone quarried in the region?

answer: Cattedown

text: Cattedown

question: What local stone was used in the construction of many Plymouth buildings?

answer: limestone

text: limestone


text: If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature being merely an attestation. In each case, the parliament must be apprised of the granting of assent before the bill is considered to have become law. Two methods are available: the sovereign's representatives may grant assent in the presence of both houses of parliament; alternatively, each house may be notified separately, usually by the speaker of that house. However, though both houses must be notified on the same day, notice to the House of Commons while it is not in session may be given by way of publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons, whereas the Senate must be sitting and the governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: If

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: of

text: Canada

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: give

text: assent

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: done

text: by

text: either

text: the

text: Deputy

text: of

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: Canada

text: or

text: another

text: justice

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: actually

text: necessary

text: for

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: bill

text: passed

text: by

text: a

text: legislature

text: the

text: signature

text: being

text: merely

text: an

text: attestation

text: In

text: each

text: case

text: the

text: parliament

text: must

text: be

text: apprised

text: of

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: assent

text: before

text: the

text: bill

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: become

text: law

text: Two

text: methods

text: are

text: available

text: the

text: sovereign

text: 's

text: representatives

text: may

text: grant

text: assent

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: both

text: houses

text: of

text: parliament

text: alternatively

text: each

text: house

text: may

text: be

text: notified

text: separately

text: usually

text: by

text: the

text: speaker

text: of

text: that

text: house

text: However

text: though

text: both

text: houses

text: must

text: be

text: notified

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: notice

text: to

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: session

text: may

text: be

text: given

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: publishing

text: a

text: special

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: Journals

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: whereas

text: the

text: Senate

text: must

text: be

text: sitting

text: and

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: 's

text: letter

text: read

text: aloud

text: by

text: the

text: speaker

question: In the Canadian federal government, who is typically responsible for deciding wether to give assent?

answer: the Governor General of Canada

text: the Governor General of Canada

question: Which positions from the Canadian Supreme Court may also give assent if need be?

answer: Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice

text: Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice

question: Who has the capability of granting assent if the Governer General of Canada cannot?

answer: the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada

text: the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada

question: How many methods are available to grant assent in Canada?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: If each house of parliament is notified seperately, what regulation applies?

answer: both houses must be notified on the same day

text: both houses must be notified on the same day

question: How can the House of Commons be notified of assent if it is not in session?

answer: publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons

text: publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons

question: In contrast to the House of Commons, how must the Senate be notified of assent?

answer: governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker

text: governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker

question: It is necessary for the governor general to sign what?

text: a bill passed by a legislature

question: Parliament is never apprised of what?

text: the granting of assent

question: Both what must be notified on separate days?

text: houses

question: The Journals of the House of Lords may publish a special what?

text: issue


text: As is sometimes common in scientific discoveries, simultaneous developments can occur, as evidenced by a number of inventors who were at work on the telephone. Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but none was successful in establishing priority over the original Bell patent and the Bell Telephone Company never lost a case that had proceeded to a final trial stage. Bell's laboratory notes and family letters were the key to establishing a long lineage to his experiments. The Bell company lawyers successfully fought off myriad lawsuits generated initially around the challenges by Elisha Gray and Amos Dolbear. In personal correspondence to Bell, both Gray and Dolbear had acknowledged his prior work, which considerably weakened their later claims.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: As

text: is

text: sometimes

text: common

text: in

text: scientific

text: discoveries

text: simultaneous

text: developments

text: can

text: occur

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: inventors

text: who

text: were

text: at

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: telephone

text: Over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: years

text: the

text: Bell

text: Telephone

text: Company

text: faced

text: court

text: challenges

text: to

text: its

text: patents

text: including

text: five

text: that

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: but

text: was

text: successful

text: in

text: establishing

text: priority

text: over

text: the

text: original

text: Bell

text: patent

text: and

text: the

text: Bell

text: Telephone

text: Company

text: never

text: lost

text: a

text: case

text: that

text: had

text: proceeded

text: to

text: a

text: final

text: trial

text: stage

text: Bell

text: 's

text: laboratory

text: notes

text: and

text: family

text: letters

text: were

text: the

text: key

text: to

text: establishing

text: a

text: long

text: lineage

text: to

text: his

text: experiments

text: The

text: Bell

text: company

text: lawyers

text: successfully

text: fought

text: off

text: myriad

text: lawsuits

text: generated

text: initially

text: around

text: the

text: challenges

text: by

text: Elisha

text: Gray

text: and

text: Amos

text: Dolbear

text: In

text: personal

text: correspondence

text: to

text: Bell

text: both

text: Gray

text: and

text: Dolbear

text: had

text: acknowledged

text: his

text: prior

text: work

text: which

text: considerably

text: weakened

text: their

text: later

text: claims

question: During how many years did the Bell Company battle lawsuits?

answer: 18

question: How many times were Bell's patents contested?

answer: 587

question: How many of the court cases wound up at the Supreme Court?

answer: 5

question: Elisha Gray and what other man were behind many of the court cases?

answer: Amos Dolbear

text: Amos Dolbear


text: As a common intermediate stage, it is possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates: *c, *dz. (This coincides with the state of affairs in the neighboring Nuristani languages.) A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *ćw and *dźw:

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: As

text: a

text: common

text: intermediate

text: stage

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: depalatalized

text: affricates

text: c

text: dz

text: This

text: coincides

text: with

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: affairs

text: in

text: the

text: neighboring

text: Nuristani

text: languages

text: A

text: further

text: complication

text: however

text: concerns

text: the

text: consonant

text: clusters

text: ćw

text: and

text: dźw

question: What languages share a similar situation?

answer: Nuristani languages

text: Nuristani languages

question: What other elements of early Iranian languages problematize the east-west division?

answer: *ćw and *dźw

text: *ćw and *dźw

question: What is the linguistic categorization of *ćw and *dźw?

answer: consonant clusters

text: consonant clusters

question: What is contrary to the state of affairs in the Nuristani languages?

text: a common intermediate stage

question: What other elements of early Iranian language support the East-West division?

text: *ćw and *dźw


text: Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx. The New York City Department of Education manages public noncharter schools in the borough. In 2000, public schools enrolled nearly 280,000 of the Bronx's residents over 3 years old (out of 333,100 enrolled in all pre-college schools). There are also several public charter schools. Private schools range from élite independent schools to religiously affiliated schools run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Education

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: institutions

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: draw

text: students

text: who

text: live

text: beyond

text: the

text: Bronx

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Department

text: of

text: Education

text: manages

text: public

text: noncharter

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: borough

text: In

text: public

text: schools

text: enrolled

text: nearly

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: residents

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: out

text: of

text: enrolled

text: in

text: all

text: pre

text: college

text: schools

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: several

text: public

text: charter

text: schools

text: Private

text: schools

text: range

text: from

text: élite

text: independent

text: schools

text: to

text: religiously

text: affiliated

text: schools

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Archdiocese

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: Jewish

text: organizations

question: How many students attended the Bronx public noncharter schools as of 2000?

answer: nearly 280,000

text: nearly 280,000

question: How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000?

answer: 333,100

question: Which religious organizations run private schools in the Bronx?

answer: the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations

text: the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations

question: Which entity runs the Bronx's public noncharter schools?

answer: The New York City Department of Education

text: The New York City Department of Education


text: The central Sahara is estimated to include five hundred species of plants, which is extremely low considering the huge extent of the area. Plants such as acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses have adapted to the arid conditions, by growing lower to avoid water loss by strong winds, by storing water in their thick stems to use it in dry periods, by having long roots that travel horizontally to reach the maximum area of water and to find any surface moisture and by having small thick leaves or needles to prevent water loss by evapo-transpiration. Plant leaves may dry out totally and then recover.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: The

text: central

text: Sahara

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: include

text: five

text: hundred

text: species

text: of

text: plants

text: which

text: is

text: extremely

text: low

text: considering

text: the

text: huge

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: Plants

text: such

text: as

text: acacia

text: trees

text: palms

text: succulents

text: spiny

text: shrubs

text: and

text: grasses

text: have

text: adapted

text: to

text: the

text: arid

text: conditions

text: by

text: growing

text: lower

text: to

text: avoid

text: water

text: loss

text: by

text: strong

text: winds

text: by

text: storing

text: water

text: in

text: their

text: thick

text: stems

text: to

text: use

text: it

text: in

text: dry

text: periods

text: by

text: having

text: long

text: roots

text: that

text: travel

text: horizontally

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: maximum

text: area

text: of

text: water

text: and

text: to

text: find

text: any

text: surface

text: moisture

text: and

text: by

text: having

text: small

text: thick

text: leaves

text: or

text: needles

text: to

text: prevent

text: water

text: loss

text: by

text: evapo

text: transpiration

text: Plant

text: leaves

text: may

text: dry

text: out

text: totally

text: and

text: then

text: recover

question: What is the number of plants in the Central Sahara?

answer: five hundred species

text: five hundred species

question: What do plants do in order to avoid water loss?

answer: growing lower

text: growing lower

question: Where do plants store their water to avoid the conditions?

answer: thick stems

text: thick stems

question: What helps plants in order to get as much water as   possible?

answer: long roots that travel horizontally

text: long roots that travel horizontally

question: what desert area  has 500 species of animals?

text: central Sahara

question: What type of plants have partially adapted to the arid conditions?

question: what do plants release through their stem?

text: water

question: What does the central Sahara have an unusually large number of given its area?

text: species of plants

question: How many acacia trees are there in central Sahara?

text: five hundred

question: Why do many plants grow higher than normal in the Sahara?

text: to avoid water loss by strong winds

question: What in the Sahara grows its roots vertically?

question: What aspect of the plants' leaves allows them to lose water?

text: small thick leaves or needles


text: To pay for his military campaigns and colonial expansion, Emperor Wu nationalized several private industries. He created central government monopolies administered largely by former merchants. These monopolies included salt, iron, and liquor production, as well as bronze-coin currency. The liquor monopoly lasted only from 98 to 81 BC, and the salt and iron monopolies were eventually abolished in early Eastern Han. The issuing of coinage remained a central government monopoly throughout the rest of the Han dynasty. The government monopolies were eventually repealed when a political faction known as the Reformists gained greater influence in the court. The Reformists opposed the Modernist faction that had dominated court politics in Emperor Wu's reign and during the subsequent regency of Huo Guang (d. 68 BC). The Modernists argued for an aggressive and expansionary foreign policy supported by revenues from heavy government intervention in the private economy. The Reformists, however, overturned these policies, favoring a cautious, non-expansionary approach to foreign policy, frugal budget reform, and lower tax-rates imposed on private entrepreneurs.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: To

text: pay

text: for

text: his

text: military

text: campaigns

text: and

text: colonial

text: expansion

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: nationalized

text: several

text: private

text: industries

text: He

text: created

text: central

text: government

text: monopolies

text: administered

text: largely

text: by

text: former

text: merchants

text: These

text: monopolies

text: included

text: salt

text: iron

text: and

text: liquor

text: production

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: bronze

text: coin

text: currency

text: The

text: liquor

text: monopoly

text: lasted

text: only

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: salt

text: and

text: iron

text: monopolies

text: were

text: eventually

text: abolished

text: in

text: early

text: Eastern

text: Han

text: The

text: issuing

text: of

text: coinage

text: remained

text: a

text: central

text: government

text: monopoly

text: throughout

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: The

text: government

text: monopolies

text: were

text: eventually

text: repealed

text: when

text: a

text: political

text: faction

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Reformists

text: gained

text: greater

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: court

text: The

text: Reformists

text: opposed

text: the

text: Modernist

text: faction

text: that

text: had

text: dominated

text: court

text: politics

text: in

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: 's

text: reign

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: subsequent

text: regency

text: of

text: Huo

text: Guang

text: d.

text: BC

text: The

text: Modernists

text: argued

text: for

text: an

text: aggressive

text: and

text: expansionary

text: foreign

text: policy

text: supported

text: by

text: revenues

text: from

text: heavy

text: government

text: intervention

text: in

text: the

text: private

text: economy

text: The

text: Reformists

text: however

text: overturned

text: these

text: policies

text: favoring

text: a

text: cautious

text: non

text: expansionary

text: approach

text: to

text: foreign

text: policy

text: frugal

text: budget

text: reform

text: and

text: lower

text: tax

text: rates

text: imposed

text: on

text: private

text: entrepreneurs

question: Who made up the bulk of the administrators of the new government monopolies?

answer: former merchants

text: former merchants

question: When was the liquor monopoly abolished?

answer: 81 BC

text: 81 BC

question: Which faction did the Reformists oppose?

answer: Modernist

text: Modernist

question: Which political faction favored budgetary reform?

answer: The Reformists

text: The Reformists

question: In what year did Huo Guang die?

answer: 68 BC

text: 68 BC


text: The most popular Korean dog dish is gaejang-guk (also called bosintang), a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months; followers of the custom claim this is done to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the dish is prepared by boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder. Variations of the dish contain chicken and bamboo shoots. While the dishes are still popular in Korea with a segment of the population, dog is not as widely consumed as beef, chicken, and pork.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: Korean

text: dog

text: dish

text: is

text: gaejang

text: guk

text: also

text: called

text: bosintang

text: a

text: spicy

text: stew

text: meant

text: to

text: balance

text: the

text: body

text: 's

text: heat

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: months

text: followers

text: of

text: the

text: custom

text: claim

text: this

text: is

text: done

text: to

text: ensure

text: good

text: health

text: by

text: balancing

text: one

text: 's

text: gi

text: or

text: vital

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: A

text: century

text: version

text: of

text: gaejang

text: guk

text: explains

text: that

text: the

text: dish

text: is

text: prepared

text: by

text: boiling

text: dog

text: meat

text: with

text: scallions

text: and

text: chili

text: powder

text: Variations

text: of

text: the

text: dish

text: contain

text: chicken

text: and

text: bamboo

text: shoots

text: While

text: the

text: dishes

text: are

text: still

text: popular

text: in

text: Korea

text: with

text: a

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: dog

text: is

text: not

text: as

text: widely

text: consumed

text: as

text: beef

text: chicken

text: and

text: pork

question: What is the best known Korean dish made with dog meat?

answer: gaejang-guk

text: gaejang-guk

question: What is Gaejang-guk?

answer: a spicy stew

text: a spicy stew

question: Why do people eat Gaejang-guk in the summer months?

answer: to balance the body's heat

text: to balance the body's heat

question: What is dog meat boiled with to create Gaejang-guk?

answer: scallions and chili powder.

text: scallions and chili powder.

question: When is the Korean dog recipe usually eaten?

answer: the summer months

text: the summer months

question: What are two other ingredients in the dog meat recipe in Korea?

answer: scallions and chili powder.

text: scallions and chili powder.


text: Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bought and sold in large units, often from regional breweries which are then closed down. Newly acquired pubs are often renamed by the new owners, and many people resent the loss of traditional names, especially if their favourite regional beer disappears at the same time.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Pubs

text: within

text: a

text: chain

text: will

text: usually

text: have

text: items

text: in

text: common

text: such

text: as

text: fittings

text: promotions

text: ambience

text: and

text: range

text: of

text: food

text: and

text: drink

text: on

text: offer

text: A

text: pub

text: chain

text: will

text: position

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: marketplace

text: for

text: a

text: target

text: audience

text: One

text: company

text: may

text: run

text: several

text: pub

text: chains

text: aimed

text: at

text: different

text: segments

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: Pubs

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: a

text: chain

text: are

text: bought

text: and

text: sold

text: in

text: large

text: units

text: often

text: from

text: regional

text: breweries

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: closed

text: down

text: Newly

text: acquired

text: pubs

text: are

text: often

text: renamed

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: owners

text: and

text: many

text: people

text: resent

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: traditional

text: names

text: especially

text: if

text: their

text: favourite

text: regional

text: beer

text: disappears

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

question: When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them?

answer: renamed

text: renamed

question: What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs?

answer: closed down

text: closed down


text: Not all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable to the diurnal mongoose). In other cases, such as oil palms in Indonesia and Malaysia, the introduction produces substantial economic benefits, but the benefits are accompanied by costly unintended consequences.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Not

text: all

text: introduced

text: species

text: are

text: invasive

text: nor

text: all

text: invasive

text: species

text: deliberately

text: introduced

text: In

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: zebra

text: mussel

text: invasion

text: of

text: US

text: waterways

text: was

text: unintentional

text: In

text: other

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: mongooses

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: the

text: introduction

text: is

text: deliberate

text: but

text: ineffective

text: nocturnal

text: rats

text: were

text: not

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: the

text: diurnal

text: mongoose

text: In

text: other

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: oil

text: palms

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: the

text: introduction

text: produces

text: substantial

text: economic

text: benefits

text: but

text: the

text: benefits

text: are

text: accompanied

text: by

text: costly

text: unintended

text: consequences

question: What animal unintentionally invaded the US waterways?

answer: the zebra mussel

text: the zebra mussel

question: What animal intentionally invaded Hawaii?

answer: mongooses

text: mongooses

question: What animals were not vulnerable to the mongoose?

answer: nocturnal rats

text: nocturnal rats

question: What countries experienced unintended consequences from species invasion?

answer: Indonesia and Malaysia,

text: Indonesia and Malaysia,

question: What animal intentionally invaded the US waterways?

text: zebra mussel

question: What animal unintentionally invaded Hawaii?

text: mongooses

question: What animals were not vulnerable to the zebra mussel?

text: nocturnal rats

question: What countries experienced intended consequences from species invasion?

text: Indonesia and Malaysia

question: What is true about the introduction of the zebra mussel in Hawaii?

text: introduction is deliberate


text:
To avoid the implication of the naked "solvated proton" in solution, acidic aqueous solutions are sometimes considered to contain a less unlikely fictitious species, termed the "hydronium ion" (H
3O+). However, even in this case, such solvated hydrogen cations are more realistically conceived as being organized into clusters that form species closer to H
9O+
4. Other oxonium ions are found when water is in acidic solution with other solvents.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: To

text: avoid

text: the

text: implication

text: of

text: the

text: naked

text: solvated

text: proton

text: in

text: solution

text: acidic

text: aqueous

text: solutions

text: are

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: to

text: contain

text: a

text: less

text: unlikely

text: fictitious

text: species

text: termed

text: the

text: hydronium

text: ion

text: H

text: However

text: even

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: such

text: solvated

text: hydrogen

text: cations

text: are

text: more

text: realistically

text: conceived

text: as

text: being

text: organized

text: into

text: clusters

text: that

text: form

text: species

text: closer

text: to

text: H

text: Other

text: oxonium

text: ions

text: are

text: found

text: when

text: water

text: is

text: in

text: acidic

text: solution

text: with

text: other

text: solvents

question: Where can oxonium ions be found?

answer: in acidic solution with other solvents

text: in acidic solution with other solvents

question: What other term is a solvated protons referred as?

answer: hydronium ion

text: hydronium ion


text: The use of lossy compression is designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent the audio recording and still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners. An MP3 file that is created using the setting of 128 kbit/s will result in a file that is about 1/11 the size of the CD file created from the original audio source (44,100 samples per second × 16 bits per sample × 2 channels = 1,411,200 bit/s; MP3 compressed at 128 kbit/s: 128,000 bit/s [1 k = 1,000, not 1024, because it is a bit rate]. Ratio: 1,411,200/128,000 = 11.025). An MP3 file can also be constructed at higher or lower bit rates, with higher or lower resulting quality.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: lossy

text: compression

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: greatly

text: reduce

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: data

text: required

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: audio

text: recording

text: and

text: still

text: sound

text: like

text: a

text: faithful

text: reproduction

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: uncompressed

text: audio

text: for

text: most

text: listeners

text: An

text: file

text: that

text: is

text: created

text: using

text: the

text: setting

text: of

text: kbit

text: s

text: will

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: file

text: that

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: CD

text: file

text: created

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: audio

text: source

text: samples

text: per

text: second

text: bits

text: per

text: sample

text: channels

text: bit

text: s

text: compressed

text: at

text: kbit

text: s

text: bit

text: s

text: k

text: not

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: bit

text: rate

text: Ratio

text: An

text: file

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: constructed

text: at

text: higher

text: or

text: lower

text: bit

text: rates

text: with

text: higher

text: or

text: lower

text: resulting

text: quality

question: What is the main goal aside from reducing the amount of data required to store the audio?

answer: sound like a faithful reproduction

text: sound like a faithful reproduction

question: What kind of compression is used?

answer: created

text: created

question: If a file is created using 128 kbit/s, what size is the file going to be compared to a CD?

answer: 1/11

question: How many total bit/s would a CD have?

answer: 1,411,200

question: How many total bit/s would an MP3 compressed at 128 kbit/s have?

answer: 128,000


text: The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: "No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.", and states that, "It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river." There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. "From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar."

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: way

text: for

text: travellers

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: country

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: by

text: air

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: website

text: Lonely

text: Planet

text: getting

text: into

text: Myanmar

text: is

text: problematic

text: No

text: bus

text: or

text: train

text: service

text: connects

text: Myanmar

text: with

text: another

text: country

text: nor

text: can

text: you

text: travel

text: by

text: car

text: or

text: motorcycle

text: across

text: the

text: border

text: you

text: must

text: walk

text: across

text: and

text: states

text: that

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: for

text: foreigners

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: from

text: Myanmar

text: by

text: sea

text: or

text: river

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: border

text: crossings

text: that

text: allow

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: private

text: vehicles

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Ruili

text: China

text: to

text: Mu

text: se

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Htee

text: Kee

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: Ban

text: Phu

text: Nam

text: Ron

text: Thailand

text: the

text: most

text: direct

text: border

text: between

text: Dawei

text: and

text: Kanchanaburi

text: and

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Myawaddy

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: Mae

text: Sot

text: Thailand

text: At

text: least

text: one

text: tourist

text: company

text: has

text: successfully

text: run

text: commercial

text: overland

text: routes

text: through

text: these

text: borders

text: since

text: From

text: Mae

text: Sai

text: Thailand

text: you

text: can

text: cross

text: to

text: Tachileik

text: but

text: can

text: only

text: go

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Kengtung

text: Those

text: in

text: Thailand

text: on

text: a

text: visa

text: run

text: can

text: cross

text: to

text: Kawthaung

text: but

text: can

text: not

text: venture

text: farther

text: into

text: Myanmar

question: How are most visitors ushered into the city of Myanmar ?

answer: by air

text: by air

question: Is Myanmar convenient to other countries in South East Asia ?

answer: No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across

text: No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across

question: Are there any cruise travel destinations for Myanmar ?

answer: It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.

text: It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.

question: How long have bus tours been available to tourist of Myanmar ?

answer: one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013.

text: one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013.

question: How far are the people from Taiwan ,but not actually citizens of Taiwan, allowed to venture into the Myanmar territory ?

answer: Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar

text: Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar


text: In 1970, CBS Records revived the Embassy Records imprint in UK and Europe, which had been defunct since CBS had taken control of Embassy's parent company, Oriole, in 1964. The purpose of the revived Embassy imprint was to release budget reissues of albums that had originally been released in the United States on Columbia Records (or its subsidiaries). Many albums, by artists as diverse as Andy Williams, Johnny Cash, Barbra Streisand, the Byrds, Tammy Wynette, Laura Nyro and Sly & the Family Stone were issued on Embassy, before the label was once again discontinued in 1980.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: CBS

text: Records

text: revived

text: the

text: Embassy

text: Records

text: imprint

text: in

text: UK

text: and

text: Europe

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: defunct

text: since

text: CBS

text: had

text: taken

text: control

text: of

text: Embassy

text: 's

text: parent

text: company

text: Oriole

text: in

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: revived

text: Embassy

text: imprint

text: was

text: to

text: release

text: budget

text: reissues

text: of

text: albums

text: that

text: had

text: originally

text: been

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: or

text: its

text: subsidiaries

text: Many

text: albums

text: by

text: artists

text: as

text: diverse

text: as

text: Andy

text: Williams

text: Johnny

text: Cash

text: Barbra

text: Streisand

text: the

text: Byrds

text: Tammy

text: Wynette

text: Laura

text: Nyro

text: and

text: Sly

text: the

text: Family

text: Stone

text: were

text: issued

text: on

text: Embassy

text: before

text: the

text: label

text: was

text: once

text: again

text: discontinued

text: in

question: In 1980, CBS Records revived what?

text: the Embassy Records imprint

question: CBS had taken control of Oriole's parent company in what year?

question: The purpose of the revived Oriole imprint was what?

question: Which label was once again discontinued in 1990?

text: Embassy

question: Few albums were issued on what label before it was discontinued?

text: Embassy


text: After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. "During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. "Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice."

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: After

text: the

text: Nixon

text: administration

text: advancements

text: in

text: affirmative

text: action

text: became

text: less

text: prevalent

text: During

text: the

text: brief

text: Ford

text: administration

text: affirmative

text: action

text: took

text: a

text: back

text: seat

text: while

text: enforcement

text: stumbled

text: Equal

text: rights

text: was

text: still

text: an

text: important

text: subject

text: to

text: many

text: Americans

text: yet

text: the

text: world

text: was

text: changing

text: and

text: new

text: issues

text: were

text: being

text: raised

text: People

text: began

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: affirmative

text: action

text: as

text: a

text: glorified

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: and

text: now

text: there

text: were

text: other

text: areas

text: that

text: needed

text: focus

text: Of

text: all

text: the

text: triumphs

text: that

text: have

text: marked

text: this

text: as

text: America

text: 's

text: Century

text: is

text: more

text: inspiring

text: if

text: incomplete

text: than

text: our

text: pursuit

text: of

text: racial

text: justice

question: In terms of advancement, what happened to the progression of affirmative action after the Nixon administration?

answer: became less prevalent

text: became less prevalent

question: What was one of the primary reasons that the issue of affirmative action lost its momentum?

answer: there were other areas that needed focus

text: there were other areas that needed focus

question: Which administration allowed affirmative action to take a backseat to other issues?

answer: Ford

text: Ford

question: In terms of advancement, what happened to the progression of non-affirmative action after the Nixon administration?

text: became less prevalent

question: What was one of the primary reasons that the issue of non-affirmative action lost its momentum?

question: Which administration allowed affirmative action to take a frontseat to other issues?

text: Ford


text: During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site. The decision was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which called the court ruling "a setback to privacy rights". In June 2010, Viacom's lawsuit against Google was rejected in a summary judgment, with U.S. federal Judge Louis L. Stanton stating that Google was protected by provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Viacom announced its intention to appeal the ruling.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: During

text: the

text: same

text: court

text: battle

text: Viacom

text: won

text: a

text: court

text: ruling

text: requiring

text: YouTube

text: to

text: hand

text: over

text: terabytes

text: of

text: data

text: detailing

text: the

text: viewing

text: habits

text: of

text: every

text: user

text: who

text: has

text: watched

text: videos

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: The

text: decision

text: was

text: criticized

text: by

text: the

text: Electronic

text: Frontier

text: Foundation

text: which

text: called

text: the

text: court

text: ruling

text: a

text: setback

text: to

text: privacy

text: rights

text: In

text: June

text: Viacom

text: 's

text: lawsuit

text: against

text: Google

text: was

text: rejected

text: in

text: a

text: summary

text: judgment

text: with

text: U.S.

text: federal

text: Judge

text: Louis

text: L.

text: Stanton

text: stating

text: that

text: Google

text: was

text: protected

text: by

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: Digital

text: Millennium

text: Copyright

text: Act

text: Viacom

text: announced

text: its

text: intention

text: to

text: appeal

text: the

text: ruling

question: How much data did youtube have to hand over to Viacom as a result of the lawsuit?

answer: 12 terabytes

text: 12 terabytes

question: Which organization spoke against the courts ruling?

answer: Electronic Frontier Foundation

text: Electronic Frontier Foundation

question: What did Viacom plan to do after the ruling in 2010?

answer: appeal

text: appeal

question: What happened to Viacom's lawsuit in 2010?

answer: rejected in a summary judgment

text: rejected in a summary judgment

question: Who was the residing judge of the lawsuit?

answer: Louis L. Stanton

text: Louis L. Stanton

question: Who won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 10 terabytes of data?

text: Viacom

question: Whose lawsuit was rejected in June 2012?

text: Viacom

question: Whose lawsuit was rejected when Judge Stanton L. Louis cited protection under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act?

text: Viacom

question: What company did the Millennium Copyright Digital Act end up protecting?

text: Google


text: The Devonian spanned roughly from 419 to 359 Ma. The period was a time of great tectonic activity, as Laurasia and Gondwana drew closer together. The continent Euramerica (or Laurussia) was created in the early Devonian by the collision of Laurentia and Baltica, which rotated into the natural dry zone along the Tropic of Capricorn. In these near-deserts, the Old Red Sandstone sedimentary beds formed, made red by the oxidized iron (hematite) characteristic of drought conditions. Near the equator Pangaea began to consolidate from the plates containing North America and Europe, further raising the northern Appalachian Mountains and forming the Caledonian Mountains in Great Britain and Scandinavia. The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent of Gondwana. The remainder of modern Eurasia lay in the Northern Hemisphere. Sea levels were high worldwide, and much of the land lay submerged under shallow seas. The deep, enormous Panthalassa (the "universal ocean") covered the rest of the planet. Other minor oceans were Paleo-Tethys, Proto-Tethys, Rheic Ocean and Ural Ocean (which was closed during the collision with Siberia and Baltica).

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: The

text: Devonian

text: spanned

text: roughly

text: from

text: to

text: Ma

text: The

text: period

text: was

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: great

text: tectonic

text: activity

text: as

text: Laurasia

text: and

text: Gondwana

text: drew

text: closer

text: together

text: The

text: continent

text: Euramerica

text: or

text: Laurussia

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Devonian

text: by

text: the

text: collision

text: of

text: Laurentia

text: and

text: Baltica

text: which

text: rotated

text: into

text: the

text: natural

text: dry

text: zone

text: along

text: the

text: Tropic

text: of

text: Capricorn

text: In

text: these

text: near

text: deserts

text: the

text: Old

text: Red

text: Sandstone

text: sedimentary

text: beds

text: formed

text: made

text: red

text: by

text: the

text: oxidized

text: iron

text: hematite

text: characteristic

text: of

text: drought

text: conditions

text: Near

text: the

text: equator

text: Pangaea

text: began

text: to

text: consolidate

text: from

text: the

text: plates

text: containing

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: further

text: raising

text: the

text: northern

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: and

text: forming

text: the

text: Caledonian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Scandinavia

text: The

text: southern

text: continents

text: remained

text: tied

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: of

text: Gondwana

text: The

text: remainder

text: of

text: modern

text: Eurasia

text: lay

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: Sea

text: levels

text: were

text: high

text: worldwide

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: lay

text: submerged

text: under

text: shallow

text: seas

text: The

text: deep

text: enormous

text: Panthalassa

text: the

text: universal

text: ocean

text: covered

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: Other

text: minor

text: oceans

text: were

text: Paleo

text: Tethys

text: Proto

text: Tethys

text: Rheic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Ural

text: Ocean

text: which

text: was

text: closed

text: during

text: the

text: collision

text: with

text: Siberia

text: and

text: Baltica

question: During what time period was the Devonian era?

answer: 419 to 359 Ma.

text: 419 to 359 Ma.

question: Which continent was formed from the meeting of Laurentia and Baltica?

answer: Euramerica (or Laurussia)

text: Euramerica (or Laurussia)

question: Which sedimentary beds were created in the dry areas of Euramerica in the Devonian period?

answer: Old Red Sandstone

text: Old Red Sandstone

question: Which mountains associated with the USA were formed near the equator on  Pangaea during the Devonian?

answer: the northern Appalachian Mountains

text: the northern Appalachian Mountains

question: What was the largest ocean referred to that existed in the Devonian period?

answer: Panthalassa

text: Panthalassa

question: What kind of activity decreased during the Devonian?

text: tectonic activity

question: What two continents where moving away from each other during Devonian?

text: Laurasia and Gondwana

question: What continent was formed when Laurasia and Gondwanna colided?

text: Euramerica

question: What type od seimentary beds formed in the desert along the Tropic of Capricorn?

text: Old Red Sandstone

question: What was shallow arounfd the world?

text: seas


text: For temperature studies, subjects must remain awake but calm and semi-reclined in near darkness while their rectal temperatures are taken continuously. Though variation is great among normal chronotypes, the average human adult's temperature reaches its minimum at about 05:00 (5 a.m.), about two hours before habitual wake time. Baehr et al. found that, in young adults, the daily body temperature minimum occurred at about 04:00 (4 a.m.) for morning types but at about 06:00 (6 a.m.) for evening types. This minimum occurred at approximately the middle of the eight hour sleep period for morning types, but closer to waking in evening types.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: For

text: temperature

text: studies

text: subjects

text: must

text: remain

text: awake

text: but

text: calm

text: and

text: semi

text: reclined

text: in

text: near

text: darkness

text: while

text: their

text: rectal

text: temperatures

text: are

text: taken

text: continuously

text: Though

text: variation

text: is

text: great

text: among

text: normal

text: chronotypes

text: the

text: average

text: human

text: adult

text: 's

text: temperature

text: reaches

text: its

text: minimum

text: at

text: about

text: a.m.

text: about

text: two

text: hours

text: before

text: habitual

text: wake

text: time

text: Baehr

text: et

text: al

text: found

text: that

text: in

text: young

text: adults

text: the

text: daily

text: body

text: temperature

text: minimum

text: occurred

text: at

text: about

text: a.m.

text: for

text: morning

text: types

text: but

text: at

text: about

text: a.m.

text: for

text: evening

text: types

text: This

text: minimum

text: occurred

text: at

text: approximately

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: eight

text: hour

text: sleep

text: period

text: for

text: morning

text: types

text: but

text: closer

text: to

text: waking

text: in

text: evening

text: types

question: What physical factor must be continuously monitored during temperature studies>

answer: temperatures

text: temperatures

question: At what time does the average adult human reach his lowest temperature?

answer: 05:00

question: How long before wake time is the lowest temperature reached?

answer: two hours

text: two hours

question: When does the temperature of morning type young adults reach its lowest?

answer: 04:00

question: What is the time of lowest temperature for evening type young adults?

answer: 06:00

question: What physical factor must be periodicly monitored in temperature studies?

text: rectal temperatures

question: What do evening types reach at 4:00 a.m?

text: body temperature minimum

question: What occurs close to waking for morning types?

text: body temperature minimum

question: Who reaches their minimum temperature in the middle of their waking hours?

text: morning types


text: The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially folk and appealing. It forms a part of the folk music through mystic messages. The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Bulleh Shah at Kasur, urs of Hazrat Imam Bari (Bari Shah Latif) at Rawalpindi-Islamabad and urs of Shah Inayar Qadri (the murrshad of Bulleh Shah) in Lahore.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: The

text: fairs

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: shrines

text: of

text: Sufi

text: saints

text: are

text: called

text: urs

text: They

text: generally

text: mark

text: the

text: death

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: saint

text: On

text: these

text: occasions

text: devotees

text: assemble

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: and

text: pay

text: homage

text: to

text: the

text: memory

text: of

text: the

text: saint

text: Soul

text: inspiring

text: music

text: is

text: played

text: and

text: devotees

text: dance

text: in

text: ecstasy

text: The

text: music

text: on

text: these

text: occasions

text: is

text: essentially

text: folk

text: and

text: appealing

text: It

text: forms

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: folk

text: music

text: through

text: mystic

text: messages

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: urs

text: are

text: urs

text: of

text: Data

text: Ganj

text: Buksh

text: at

text: Lahore

text: urs

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Sultan

text: Bahu

text: at

text: Jhang

text: urs

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Shah

text: Jewna

text: at

text: Jhang

text: urs

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Mian

text: Mir

text: at

text: Lahore

text: urs

text: of

text: Baba

text: Farid

text: Ganj

text: Shakar

text: at

text: Pakpattan

text: urs

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Bahaudin

text: Zakria

text: at

text: Multan

text: urs

text: of

text: Sakhi

text: Sarwar

text: Sultan

text: at

text: Dera

text: Ghazi

text: Khan

text: urs

text: of

text: Shah

text: Hussain

text: at

text: Lahore

text: urs

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Bulleh

text: Shah

text: at

text: Kasur

text: urs

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Imam

text: Bari

text: Bari

text: Shah

text: Latif

text: at

text: Rawalpindi

text: Islamabad

text: and

text: urs

text: of

text: Shah

text: Inayar

text: Qadri

text: the

text: murrshad

text: of

text: Bulleh

text: Shah

text: in

text: Lahore

question: What are urs?

answer: fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints

text: fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints

question: When are urs held?

answer: the death anniversary of the saint

text: the death anniversary of the saint

question: What genre of music is played at urs?

answer: folk

text: folk

question: Where is Buksh's shrine?

answer: Lahore

text: Lahore

question: Where is Zakria's shrine?

answer: Multan

text: Multan

question: What are Sufi saints called?

text: urs

question: Where do devotees come from?

text: Lahore

question: What do the saints do at an urs?

text: dance in ecstasy

question: Who created the mystic messages?

text: devotees

question: Who started the urs?

text: Sufi saints


text: While the original Xbox sold poorly in Japan, selling just 2 million units while it was on the market (between 2002 and 2005),[citation needed] the Xbox 360 sold even more poorly, selling only 1.5 million units from 2005 to 2011. Edge magazine reported in August 2011 that initially lackluster and subsequently falling sales in Japan, where Microsoft had been unable to make serious inroads into the dominance of domestic rivals Sony and Nintendo, had led to retailers scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales of the Xbox 360 completely.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: While

text: the

text: original

text: Xbox

text: sold

text: poorly

text: in

text: Japan

text: selling

text: just

text: million

text: units

text: while

text: it

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: between

text: and

text: needed

text: the

text: Xbox

text: sold

text: even

text: more

text: poorly

text: selling

text: only

text: million

text: units

text: from

text: to

text: Edge

text: magazine

text: reported

text: in

text: August

text: that

text: initially

text: lackluster

text: and

text: subsequently

text: falling

text: sales

text: in

text: Japan

text: where

text: Microsoft

text: had

text: been

text: unable

text: to

text: make

text: serious

text: inroads

text: into

text: the

text: dominance

text: of

text: domestic

text: rivals

text: Sony

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: had

text: led

text: to

text: retailers

text: scaling

text: down

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: discontinuing

text: sales

text: of

text: the

text: Xbox

text: completely

question: How did the original Xbox fare in Japan in general?

answer: sold poorly

text: sold poorly

question: How many original Xboxes were sold in Japan between 2002 and 2005?

answer: 2 million units

text: 2 million units

question: Between 2005 and 2011, how many 360 consoles were sold in Japan?

answer: 1.5 million units

text: 1.5 million units

question: What two console manufacturers dominate the Japanese market?

answer: Sony and Nintendo

text: Sony and Nintendo

question: Lackluster sales caused Japanese retailers to take what action with the 360?

answer: scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales

text: scaling down and in some cases discontinuing sales

question: Where did the Xbox sell exceptionally well?

text: Japan

question: How many of the original Xbox sell between 2005 and 2011?

text: 1.5 million

question: How many units did Sony sell in 202 through 2005?

text: 2 million

question: What console, released in 2005, did Sony create?

text: Xbox 360

question: When did Edge report Sony sales were falling?

text: August 2011


text: The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as "the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine." McKerrow was aware of the limitations of the stemmatic method, and believed it was more prudent to choose one particular text that was thought to be particularly reliable, and then to emend it only where the text was obviously corrupt. The French critic Joseph Bédier likewise became disenchanted with the stemmatic method, and concluded that the editor should choose the best available text, and emend it as little as possible.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: The

text: bibliographer

text: Ronald

text: B.

text: McKerrow

text: introduced

text: the

text: term

text: copy

text: text

text: in

text: his

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Nashe

text: defining

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: text

text: used

text: in

text: each

text: particular

text: case

text: as

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: mine

text: McKerrow

text: was

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: limitations

text: of

text: the

text: stemmatic

text: method

text: and

text: believed

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: prudent

text: to

text: choose

text: one

text: particular

text: text

text: that

text: was

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: particularly

text: reliable

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: emend

text: it

text: only

text: where

text: the

text: text

text: was

text: obviously

text: corrupt

text: The

text: French

text: critic

text: Joseph

text: Bédier

text: likewise

text: became

text: disenchanted

text: with

text: the

text: stemmatic

text: method

text: and

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: editor

text: should

text: choose

text: the

text: best

text: available

text: text

text: and

text: emend

text: it

text: as

text: little

text: as

text: possible

question: When was the term copy-text introduced?

answer: 1904

question: What was the initial definition of copy-text?

answer: the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine

text: the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine

question: Explain the process used by McKerrow as an alternative to the stemmaic method

answer: choose one particular text that was thought to be particularly reliable, and then to emend it only where the text was obviously corrupt.

text: choose one particular text that was thought to be particularly reliable, and then to emend it only where the text was obviously corrupt.

question: When was Ronald B. McKerrow born?

question: What year did Thomas Nashe introduce the term copy-text?

question: Thomas Nash is a bibliographer who published whose works?

text: Ronald B. McKerrow

question: Nashe was aware of limitations of which method?

text: stemmatic method

question: Ronald B. McKerror was a french critic who did like which method?

text: stemmatic method


text: Since the early days of rail transport in the United States, Philadelphia has served as hub for several major rail companies, particularly the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated out of Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area, known collectively as the Regional Rail system. The two systems today, for the most part still intact but now connected, operate as a single system under the control of the SEPTA, the regional transit authority. Additionally, the PATCO Speedline subway system and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line operate successor services to southern New Jersey.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Since

text: the

text: early

text: days

text: of

text: rail

text: transport

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Philadelphia

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: hub

text: for

text: several

text: major

text: rail

text: companies

text: particularly

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: Railroad

text: and

text: the

text: Reading

text: Railroad

text: The

text: Pennsylvania

text: Railroad

text: first

text: operated

text: Broad

text: Street

text: Station

text: then

text: Street

text: Station

text: and

text: Suburban

text: Station

text: and

text: the

text: Reading

text: Railroad

text: operated

text: out

text: of

text: Reading

text: Terminal

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: Convention

text: Center

text: The

text: two

text: companies

text: also

text: operated

text: competing

text: commuter

text: rail

text: systems

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: known

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: Regional

text: Rail

text: system

text: The

text: two

text: systems

text: today

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: still

text: intact

text: but

text: now

text: connected

text: operate

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: system

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: SEPTA

text: the

text: regional

text: transit

text: authority

text: Additionally

text: the

text: PATCO

text: Speedline

text: subway

text: system

text: and

text: NJ

text: Transit

text: 's

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Line

text: operate

text: successor

text: services

text: to

text: southern

text: New

text: Jersey

question: Name 2 rail companies that use the city as a hub?

answer: Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad

text: Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad

question: Where did the Pennsylvania Railroad have their first station?

answer: Broad Street Station

text: Broad Street Station

question: Where did the Reading operate out of?

answer: Reading Terminal

text: Reading Terminal

question: What is Reading Terminal called now?

answer: Pennsylvania Convention Center

text: Pennsylvania Convention Center


text: In 1983, New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York to compel GE to pay for the cleanup of what was claimed to be more than 100,000 tons of chemicals dumped from their plant in Waterford, New York. In 1999, the company agreed to pay a $250 million settlement in connection with claims it polluted the Housatonic River (Pittsfield, Massachusetts) and other sites with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous substances.

title: General_Electric

title: General_Electric

text: In

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Robert

text: Abrams

text: filed

text: suit

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: for

text: the

text: Northern

text: District

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: to

text: compel

text: GE

text: to

text: pay

text: for

text: the

text: cleanup

text: of

text: what

text: was

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: than

text: tons

text: of

text: chemicals

text: dumped

text: from

text: their

text: plant

text: in

text: Waterford

text: New

text: York

text: In

text: the

text: company

text: agreed

text: to

text: pay

text: a

text: million

text: settlement

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: claims

text: it

text: polluted

text: the

text: Housatonic

text: River

text: Pittsfield

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: other

text: sites

text: with

text: polychlorinated

text: biphenyls

text: PCBs

text: and

text: other

text: hazardous

text: substances

question: Which New York State Attorney General filed suit in US District Court to force GE to pay for the cleanup of chemicals dumped by their plant in Waterford, NY?

answer: Robert Abrams

text: Robert Abrams

question: How much did GE agree to pay in claims for the pollution it caused in the Housatonic River and other sites?

answer: $250 million

text: $250 million

question: How many tons of PCBs were claimed to have been dumped by GE's Waterford Plant in the 1983 lawsuit?

answer: more than 100,000

text: more than 100,000

question: In which year was a settlement reached regarding GE's pollution of the Housatonic River?

answer: 1999

question: What was the location of the pollution caused by GE in the Housatonic River?

answer: Pittsfield, Massachusetts

text: Pittsfield, Massachusetts

question: In what year was the suit against GE by New York State Attorney General Robert Abrams settled?

question: How much money did GE pay to settle the lawsuit filed against it by the New York State Attorney General in 1983?

text: $250 million

question: What river is near GE's plant in Waterford, New York?

text: Housatonic River

question: Where was the lawsuit filed against GE in connection to it polluting the Housatonic River?

question: What was the name of the attorney general who filed a suit against GE for it polluting the Housatonic River?

text: Robert Abrams


text: The Enlightenment has always been contested territory. Its supporters "hail it as the source of everything that is progressive about the modern world. For them, it stands for freedom of thought, rational inquiry, critical thinking, religious tolerance, political liberty, scientific achievement, the pursuit of happiness, and hope for the future." However, its detractors accuse it of 'shallow' rationalism, naïve optimism, unrealistic universalism, and moral darkness. From the start there was a Counter-Enlightenment in which conservative and clerical defenders of traditional religion attacked materialism and skepticism as evil forces that encouraged immorality. By 1794, they pointed to the Terror during the French Revolution as confirmation of their predictions. As the Enlightenment was ending, Romantic philosophers argued that excessive dependence on reason was a mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment, because it disregarded the bonds of history, myth, faith and tradition that were necessary to hold society together.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: contested

text: territory

text: Its

text: supporters

text: hail

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: everything

text: that

text: is

text: progressive

text: about

text: the

text: modern

text: world

text: For

text: them

text: it

text: stands

text: for

text: freedom

text: of

text: thought

text: rational

text: inquiry

text: critical

text: thinking

text: religious

text: tolerance

text: political

text: liberty

text: scientific

text: achievement

text: the

text: pursuit

text: of

text: happiness

text: and

text: hope

text: for

text: the

text: future

text: However

text: its

text: detractors

text: accuse

text: it

text: of

text: shallow

text: rationalism

text: naïve

text: optimism

text: unrealistic

text: universalism

text: and

text: moral

text: darkness

text: From

text: the

text: start

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: Counter

text: Enlightenment

text: in

text: which

text: conservative

text: and

text: clerical

text: defenders

text: of

text: traditional

text: religion

text: attacked

text: materialism

text: and

text: skepticism

text: as

text: evil

text: forces

text: that

text: encouraged

text: immorality

text: By

text: they

text: pointed

text: to

text: the

text: Terror

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: as

text: confirmation

text: of

text: their

text: predictions

text: As

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: was

text: ending

text: Romantic

text: philosophers

text: argued

text: that

text: excessive

text: dependence

text: on

text: reason

text: was

text: a

text: mistake

text: perpetuated

text: by

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: because

text: it

text: disregarded

text: the

text: bonds

text: of

text: history

text: myth

text: faith

text: and

text: tradition

text: that

text: were

text: necessary

text: to

text: hold

text: society

text: together

question: What two ideas did conservative and clerical defenders of traditional religion attack as evil forces that encouraged immorality?

answer: materialism and skepticism

text: materialism and skepticism

question: By 1794, what did those against the Enlightenment point to as confirmation of their predictions?

answer: Terror during the French Revolution

text: Terror during the French Revolution

question: Which type of philosophers argued that excessive dependence on reason was a mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment?

answer: Romantic

text: Romantic


text: The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba'athists, Marxists and Islamists. Operating in a pyramid structure, the base form of these Committees were local working groups, who sent elected representatives to the district level, and from there to the national level, divided between the General People's Congress and the General People's Committee. Above these remained Gaddafi and the RCC, who remained responsible for all major decisions.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: The

text: People

text: 's

text: Committees

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: public

text: involvement

text: in

text: decision

text: making

text: within

text: the

text: limits

text: permitted

text: by

text: the

text: RCC

text: but

text: exacerbated

text: tribal

text: divisions

text: They

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: surveillance

text: system

text: aiding

text: the

text: security

text: services

text: in

text: locating

text: individuals

text: with

text: views

text: critical

text: of

text: the

text: RCC

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: arrest

text: of

text: Ba'athists

text: Marxists

text: and

text: Islamists

text: Operating

text: in

text: a

text: pyramid

text: structure

text: the

text: base

text: form

text: of

text: these

text: Committees

text: were

text: local

text: working

text: groups

text: who

text: sent

text: elected

text: representatives

text: to

text: the

text: district

text: level

text: and

text: from

text: there

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: General

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: and

text: the

text: General

text: People

text: 's

text: Committee

text: Above

text: these

text: remained

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: the

text: RCC

text: who

text: remained

text: responsible

text: for

text: all

text: major

text: decisions

question: What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to?

answer: tribal divisions

text: tribal divisions

question: Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees?

answer: Marxists

text: Marxists

question: Along with the General People's Congress, what national body represented the People's Committees?

answer: General People's Committee

text: General People's Committee

question: What kind of structure did the People's Committee system use?

answer: pyramid

text: pyramid


text: Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard. The correct rendering of Unicode Indic text requires transforming the stored logical order characters into visual order and the forming of ligatures (aka conjuncts) out of components. Some local scholars argued in favor of assignments of Unicode code points to these ligatures, going against the practice for other writing systems, though Unicode contains some Arabic and other ligatures for backward compatibility purposes only. Encoding of any new ligatures in Unicode will not happen, in part because the set of ligatures is font-dependent, and Unicode is an encoding independent of font variations. The same kind of issue arose for Tibetan script[citation needed] (the Chinese National Standard organization failed to achieve a similar change).

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Indic

text: scripts

text: such

text: as

text: Tamil

text: and

text: Devanagari

text: are

text: each

text: allocated

text: only

text: code

text: points

text: matching

text: the

text: ISCII

text: standard

text: The

text: correct

text: rendering

text: of

text: Unicode

text: Indic

text: text

text: requires

text: transforming

text: the

text: stored

text: logical

text: order

text: characters

text: into

text: visual

text: order

text: and

text: the

text: forming

text: of

text: ligatures

text: aka

text: conjuncts

text: out

text: of

text: components

text: Some

text: local

text: scholars

text: argued

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: assignments

text: of

text: Unicode

text: code

text: points

text: to

text: these

text: ligatures

text: going

text: against

text: the

text: practice

text: for

text: other

text: writing

text: systems

text: though

text: Unicode

text: contains

text: some

text: Arabic

text: and

text: other

text: ligatures

text: for

text: backward

text: compatibility

text: purposes

text: only

text: Encoding

text: of

text: any

text: new

text: ligatures

text: in

text: Unicode

text: will

text: not

text: happen

text: in

text: part

text: because

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: ligatures

text: is

text: font

text: dependent

text: and

text: Unicode

text: is

text: an

text: encoding

text: independent

text: of

text: font

text: variations

text: The

text: same

text: kind

text: of

text: issue

text: arose

text: for

text: Tibetan

text: script[citation

text: needed

text: the

text: Chinese

text: National

text: Standard

text: organization

text: failed

text: to

text: achieve

text: a

text: similar

text: change

question: How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated?

answer: 128

question: What is another word for ligatures?

answer: conjuncts

text: conjuncts

question: What is the ISCII standard?

answer: 128 code points

text: 128 code points

question: How many points is Arabic given?

text: 128 code

question: Who argued Indic scripts should follow the practice of other writing systems?

text: local scholars

question: Why are more ligatures in Unicode likely to happen?

question: Which organization successfully argued for the Tibetan script?

text: Chinese National Standard

question: What is the visual order transformed into?

text: visual order


text: Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. That evening he visits Sciarra's widow Lucia, who tells him about Spectre, a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged. Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. When Oberhauser addresses Bond by name, he escapes and is pursued by Mr. Hinx, a Spectre assassin. Moneypenny informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White, former member of Quantum, a subsidiary of Spectre. Bond asks her to investigate Oberhauser, who was presumed dead years earlier.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: Bond

text: disobeys

text: M

text: 's

text: order

text: and

text: travels

text: to

text: Rome

text: to

text: attend

text: Sciarra

text: 's

text: funeral

text: That

text: evening

text: he

text: visits

text: Sciarra

text: 's

text: widow

text: Lucia

text: who

text: tells

text: him

text: about

text: Spectre

text: a

text: criminal

text: organisation

text: to

text: which

text: her

text: husband

text: belonged

text: Bond

text: infiltrates

text: a

text: Spectre

text: meeting

text: where

text: he

text: identifies

text: the

text: leader

text: Franz

text: Oberhauser

text: When

text: Oberhauser

text: addresses

text: Bond

text: by

text: name

text: he

text: escapes

text: and

text: is

text: pursued

text: by

text: Mr.

text: Hinx

text: a

text: Spectre

text: assassin

text: Moneypenny

text: informs

text: Bond

text: that

text: the

text: information

text: he

text: collected

text: leads

text: to

text: Mr.

text: White

text: former

text: member

text: of

text: Quantum

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Spectre

text: Bond

text: asks

text: her

text: to

text: investigate

text: Oberhauser

text: who

text: was

text: presumed

text: dead

text: years

text: earlier

question: Where does Bond go after his suspension?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: What group did Sciarra belong to?

answer: Spectre

text: Spectre

question: Who is the head of Spectre?

answer: Franz Oberhauser

text: Franz Oberhauser

question: What is Mr. Hinx's job?

answer: assassin

text: assassin

question: Who performs research for Bond?

answer: Moneypenny

text: Moneypenny

question: Where does Sciarra's funeral take place?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: Who is the leader of Spectre?

answer: Franz Oberhauser

text: Franz Oberhauser

question: What is the name of the Spectre assassin who tracks Bond?

answer: Mr. Hinx

text: Mr. Hinx

question: Which member of Spectre had been presumed to be dead?

answer: Franz Oberhauser

text: Franz Oberhauser

question: Who disobeys Q's orders and travels to Rome?

text: Bond

question: Whose wife belonged to a criminal organization?

text: Lucia

question: Who is pursued by Mr. Oberhauser, a Spectre assasin?

text: Bond

question: Who is a current member of Quantum?

text: Mr. White


text: The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude, or by carrying the telescope aloft with a balloon or an aircraft. Space telescopes do not suffer from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infrared astronomy.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: The

text: sensitivity

text: of

text: Earth

text: based

text: infrared

text: telescopes

text: is

text: significantly

text: limited

text: by

text: water

text: vapor

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: which

text: absorbs

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: infrared

text: radiation

text: arriving

text: from

text: space

text: outside

text: of

text: selected

text: atmospheric

text: windows

text: This

text: limitation

text: can

text: be

text: partially

text: alleviated

text: by

text: placing

text: the

text: telescope

text: observatory

text: at

text: a

text: high

text: altitude

text: or

text: by

text: carrying

text: the

text: telescope

text: aloft

text: with

text: a

text: balloon

text: or

text: an

text: aircraft

text: Space

text: telescopes

text: do

text: not

text: suffer

text: from

text: this

text: handicap

text: and

text: so

text: outer

text: space

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: ideal

text: location

text: for

text: infrared

text: astronomy

question: What limits the sensitivity of infrared telescopes on Earth?

answer: water vapor in the atmosphere

text: water vapor in the atmosphere

question: To somewhat avoid the water vapor in the atmosphere, where can an observatory be sited?

answer: at a high altitude

text: at a high altitude

question: Along with aircraft, what object can be used to carry a telescope aloft?

answer: balloon

text: balloon

question: What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?

answer: Space telescopes

text: Space telescopes

question: What limits the sensitivity of high altitude observatories?

text: water vapor in the atmosphere

question: What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows?

text: outer space

question: What kind of telescopes avoid absorbing infrared radiation?

text: Space telescopes

question: Where can you place an observatory to avoid the atmospheric window?

text: at a high altitude

question: What absorbs infrared radiation from space away from high altitude?

text: water vapor in the atmosphere,


text: Not all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book "melodramatic and contrived". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, "I think for a child's book it does all right. It's interesting that all the folks that are buying it don't know they're reading a child's book. Somebody ought to say what it is." Carson McCullers apparently agreed with the Time magazine review, writing to a cousin: "Well, honey, one thing we know is that she's been poaching on my literary preserves."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Not

text: all

text: reviewers

text: were

text: enthusiastic

text: Some

text: lamented

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: poor

text: white

text: Southerners

text: and

text: one

text: dimensional

text: black

text: victims

text: and

text: Granville

text: Hicks

text: labeled

text: the

text: book

text: melodramatic

text: and

text: contrived

text: When

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: first

text: released

text: Southern

text: writer

text: Flannery

text: O'Connor

text: commented

text: I

text: think

text: for

text: a

text: child

text: 's

text: book

text: it

text: does

text: all

text: right

text: It

text: 's

text: interesting

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: folks

text: that

text: are

text: buying

text: it

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: they

text: 're

text: reading

text: a

text: child

text: 's

text: book

text: Somebody

text: ought

text: to

text: say

text: what

text: it

text: is

text: Carson

text: McCullers

text: apparently

text: agreed

text: with

text: the

text: Time

text: magazine

text: review

text: writing

text: to

text: a

text: cousin

text: Well

text: honey

text: one

text: thing

text: we

text: know

text: is

text: that

text: she

text: 's

text: been

text: poaching

text: on

text: my

text: literary

text: preserves

question: Which reviewer called the book melodramatic and contrived?

answer: Granville Hicks

text: Granville Hicks

question: Which Southern writer deemed it a child's book?

answer: Flannery O'Connor

text: Flannery O'Connor


text: On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in Kanata, Ontario, terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the city of Ottawa won a bid to host it. Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building. These plans were reversed, due to a high Canadian dollar that made the Ottawa staff relatively expensive, and also as part of Dell's turnaround, which involved moving these call-center jobs offshore to cut costs. The company had also announced the shutdown of its Edmonton, Alberta office, losing 900 jobs. In total, Dell announced the ending of about 8,800 jobs in 2007–2008 — 10% of its workforce.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: On

text: April

text: Dell

text: announced

text: the

text: closure

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: biggest

text: Canadian

text: call

text: centers

text: in

text: Kanata

text: Ontario

text: terminating

text: approximately

text: employees

text: with

text: of

text: those

text: redundancies

text: effective

text: on

text: the

text: spot

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: official

text: closure

text: of

text: the

text: center

text: scheduled

text: for

text: the

text: summer

text: The

text: call

text: center

text: had

text: opened

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Ottawa

text: won

text: a

text: bid

text: to

text: host

text: it

text: Less

text: than

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: Dell

text: planned

text: to

text: double

text: its

text: workforce

text: to

text: nearly

text: workers

text: add

text: a

text: new

text: building

text: These

text: plans

text: were

text: reversed

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: Canadian

text: dollar

text: that

text: made

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: staff

text: relatively

text: expensive

text: and

text: also

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Dell

text: 's

text: turnaround

text: which

text: involved

text: moving

text: these

text: call

text: center

text: jobs

text: offshore

text: to

text: cut

text: costs

text: The

text: company

text: had

text: also

text: announced

text: the

text: shutdown

text: of

text: its

text: Edmonton

text: Alberta

text: office

text: losing

text: jobs

text: In

text: total

text: Dell

text: announced

text: the

text: ending

text: of

text: about

text: jobs

text: in

text: of

text: its

text: workforce

question: What year did Dell close its largest Canadian call center?

answer: 2008

question: How many employees lost jobs when Dell closed their call center?

answer: 1100

question: How many workers did Dell plan to have at their Ottawa call center?

answer: 3,000

question: What percentage of its workforce did Dell terminate in from 2007 to 2008?

answer: 10%

question: What year did Dell open its largest Canadian call center?

question: What year did Dell close its smallest Canadian call center?

question: How many employees lost jobs when Dell opened their call center?

question: How many workers did Dell plan to have at their Toronto call center?

question: What percentage of its workforce did Dell terminate in from 2007 to 2009?


text: Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: many

text: historic

text: visits

text: and

text: meetings

text: include

text: a

text: state

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: reciprocal

text: visits

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Pope

text: She

text: has

text: seen

text: major

text: constitutional

text: changes

text: such

text: as

text: devolution

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Canadian

text: patriation

text: and

text: the

text: decolonisation

text: of

text: Africa

text: She

text: has

text: also

text: reigned

text: through

text: various

text: wars

text: and

text: conflicts

text: involving

text: many

text: of

text: her

text: realms

text: She

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Britain

text: 's

text: longest

text: lived

text: In

text: she

text: surpassed

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: her

text: great

text: great

text: grandmother

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: longest

text: reigning

text: British

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: longest

text: reigning

text: queen

text: regnant

text: in

text: world

text: history

question: Who is the world's oldest reigning monarch?

answer: Elizabeth

text: Elizabeth

question: Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?

answer: Queen Victoria

text: Queen Victoria

question: How is Victoria related to Elizabeth?

answer: great-great-grandmother

text: great-great-grandmother

question: In what year did Elizabeth pass Victoria's length of rule?

answer: 2015

question: In the history of what is Elizabeth the longest reigning queen?

answer: world history

text: world history

question: What was the last year that Elizabeth did a state visit in the Republic of Ireland?

question: When was the last year Elizabeth traveled to the Vatican to visit the Pope?

question: Who had the shortest reign on the British throne?

text: Queen Victoria

question: When was the last year the Pope traveled to England to meet Elizabeth?

question: Who became Queen of England at the youngest age?

text: Queen Victoria


text: As with personae in general, a character's face or heel alignment may change with time, or remain constant over its lifetime (the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat, a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career). Sometimes a character's heel turn will become so popular that eventually the audience response will alter the character's heel-face cycle to the point where the heel persona will, in practice, become a face persona, and what was previously the face persona, will turn into the heel persona, such as when Dwayne Johnson first began using "The Rock" persona as a heel character, as opposed to his original "Rocky Maivia" babyface persona. Another legendary example is Stone Cold Steve Austin, who was originally booked as a heel, with such mannerisms as drinking on the job, using profanity, breaking company property, and even breaking into people's private homes. However, much to WWF's surprise, the fans enjoyed Austin's antics so much that he became one of the greatest antiheroes in the history of the business. He, along with the stable of D-Generation X, is generally credited with ushering in the Attitude Era of WWF programming.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: As

text: with

text: personae

text: in

text: general

text: a

text: character

text: 's

text: face

text: or

text: heel

text: alignment

text: may

text: change

text: with

text: time

text: or

text: remain

text: constant

text: over

text: its

text: lifetime

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: Ricky

text: Steamboat

text: a

text: WWE

text: Hall

text: of

text: Famer

text: who

text: remained

text: a

text: babyface

text: throughout

text: his

text: entire

text: career

text: Sometimes

text: a

text: character

text: 's

text: heel

text: turn

text: will

text: become

text: so

text: popular

text: that

text: eventually

text: the

text: audience

text: response

text: will

text: alter

text: the

text: character

text: 's

text: heel

text: face

text: cycle

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: where

text: the

text: heel

text: persona

text: will

text: in

text: practice

text: become

text: a

text: face

text: persona

text: and

text: what

text: was

text: previously

text: the

text: face

text: persona

text: will

text: turn

text: into

text: the

text: heel

text: persona

text: such

text: as

text: when

text: Dwayne

text: Johnson

text: first

text: began

text: using

text: The

text: Rock

text: persona

text: as

text: a

text: heel

text: character

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: his

text: original

text: Rocky

text: Maivia

text: babyface

text: persona

text: Another

text: legendary

text: example

text: is

text: Stone

text: Cold

text: Steve

text: Austin

text: who

text: was

text: originally

text: booked

text: as

text: a

text: heel

text: with

text: such

text: mannerisms

text: as

text: drinking

text: on

text: the

text: job

text: using

text: profanity

text: breaking

text: company

text: property

text: and

text: even

text: breaking

text: into

text: people

text: 's

text: private

text: homes

text: However

text: much

text: to

text: WWF

text: 's

text: surprise

text: the

text: fans

text: enjoyed

text: Austin

text: 's

text: antics

text: so

text: much

text: that

text: he

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: antiheroes

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: business

text: He

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: stable

text: of

text: D

text: Generation

text: X

text: is

text: generally

text: credited

text: with

text: ushering

text: in

text: the

text: Attitude

text: Era

text: of

text: WWF

text: programming

question: Who is a wrestler who never turned?

answer: Ricky Steamboat

text: Ricky Steamboat

question: What did Stone Cold Steve Austin start as?

answer: heel

text: heel

question: What was The Rock's original character?

answer: Rocky Maivia

text: Rocky Maivia

question: What did Steve Austin become?

answer: one of the greatest antiheroes

text: one of the greatest antiheroes