text: Jeffrey Long and Rick Kittles give a long critique of the application of FST to human populations in their 2003 paper "Human Genetic Diversity and the Nonexistence of Biological Races". They find that the figure of 85% is misleading because it implies that all human populations contain on average 85% of all genetic diversity. They claim that this does not correctly reflect human population history, because it treats all human groups as independent. A more realistic portrayal of the way human groups are related is to understand that some human groups are parental to other groups and that these groups represent paraphyletic groups to their descent groups. For example, under the recent African origin theory the human population in Africa is paraphyletic to all other human groups because it represents the ancestral group from which all non-African populations derive, but more than that, non-African groups only derive from a small non-representative sample of this African population. This means that all non-African groups are more closely related to each other and to some African groups (probably east Africans) than they are to others, and further that the migration out of Africa represented a genetic bottleneck, with much of the diversity that existed in Africa not being carried out of Africa by the emigrating groups. This view produces a version of human population movements that do not result in all human populations being independent; but rather, produces a series of dilutions of diversity the further from Africa any population lives, each founding event representing a genetic subset of its parental population. Long and Kittles find that rather than 85% of human genetic diversity existing in all human populations, about 100% of human diversity exists in a single African population, whereas only about 70% of human genetic diversity exists in a population derived from New Guinea. Long and Kittles argued that this still produces a global human population that is genetically homogeneous compared to other mammalian populations.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Jeffrey

text: Long

text: and

text: Rick

text: Kittles

text: give

text: a

text: long

text: critique

text: of

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: FST

text: to

text: human

text: populations

text: in

text: their

text: paper

text: Human

text: Genetic

text: Diversity

text: and

text: the

text: Nonexistence

text: of

text: Biological

text: Races

text: They

text: find

text: that

text: the

text: figure

text: of

text: is

text: misleading

text: because

text: it

text: implies

text: that

text: all

text: human

text: populations

text: contain

text: on

text: average

text: of

text: all

text: genetic

text: diversity

text: They

text: claim

text: that

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: correctly

text: reflect

text: human

text: population

text: history

text: because

text: it

text: treats

text: all

text: human

text: groups

text: as

text: independent

text: A

text: more

text: realistic

text: portrayal

text: of

text: the

text: way

text: human

text: groups

text: are

text: related

text: is

text: to

text: understand

text: that

text: some

text: human

text: groups

text: are

text: parental

text: to

text: other

text: groups

text: and

text: that

text: these

text: groups

text: represent

text: paraphyletic

text: groups

text: to

text: their

text: descent

text: groups

text: For

text: example

text: under

text: the

text: recent

text: African

text: origin

text: theory

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: in

text: Africa

text: is

text: paraphyletic

text: to

text: all

text: other

text: human

text: groups

text: because

text: it

text: represents

text: the

text: ancestral

text: group

text: from

text: which

text: all

text: non

text: African

text: populations

text: derive

text: but

text: more

text: than

text: that

text: non

text: African

text: groups

text: only

text: derive

text: from

text: a

text: small

text: non

text: representative

text: sample

text: of

text: this

text: African

text: population

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: all

text: non

text: African

text: groups

text: are

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: to

text: some

text: African

text: groups

text: probably

text: east

text: Africans

text: than

text: they

text: are

text: to

text: others

text: and

text: further

text: that

text: the

text: migration

text: out

text: of

text: Africa

text: represented

text: a

text: genetic

text: bottleneck

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: diversity

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: Africa

text: not

text: being

text: carried

text: out

text: of

text: Africa

text: by

text: the

text: emigrating

text: groups

text: This

text: view

text: produces

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: human

text: population

text: movements

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: result

text: in

text: all

text: human

text: populations

text: being

text: independent

text: but

text: rather

text: produces

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: dilutions

text: of

text: diversity

text: the

text: further

text: from

text: Africa

text: any

text: population

text: lives

text: each

text: founding

text: event

text: representing

text: a

text: genetic

text: subset

text: of

text: its

text: parental

text: population

text: Long

text: and

text: Kittles

text: find

text: that

text: rather

text: than

text: of

text: human

text: genetic

text: diversity

text: existing

text: in

text: all

text: human

text: populations

text: about

text: of

text: human

text: diversity

text: exists

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: African

text: population

text: whereas

text: only

text: about

text: of

text: human

text: genetic

text: diversity

text: exists

text: in

text: a

text: population

text: derived

text: from

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Long

text: and

text: Kittles

text: argued

text: that

text: this

text: still

text: produces

text: a

text: global

text: human

text: population

text: that

text: is

text: genetically

text: homogeneous

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: mammalian

text: populations

question: What two researchers gave a long critique regarding the application of FST to human populations in 2003?

answer: Jeffrey Long and Rick Kittles

text: Jeffrey Long and Rick Kittles

question: What do Long and Kittles think of the implication that human populations contain on average 85% of all genetic diversity?

answer: misleading

text: misleading

question: Non-African groups of human population may only drive from what type of sample of the African population?

answer: non-representative

text: non-representative

question: What type of bottleneck did the migration out of Africa represent?

answer: genetic

text: genetic

question: How much human genetic diversity exists in a single African population?

answer: 100%


text: The Greater Richmond area was named the third-best city for business by MarketWatch in September 2007, ranking behind only the Minneapolis and Denver areas and just above Boston. The area is home to six Fortune 500 companies: electric utility Dominion Resources; CarMax; Owens & Minor; Genworth Financial; MeadWestvaco; McKesson Medical-Surgical and Altria Group. However, only Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco are headquartered within the city of Richmond; the others are located in the neighboring counties of Henrico and Hanover. In 2008, Altria moved its corporate HQ from New York City to Henrico County, adding another Fortune 500 corporation to Richmond's list. In February 2006, MeadWestvaco announced that they would move from Stamford, Connecticut, to Richmond in 2008 with the help of the Greater Richmond Partnership, a regional economic development organization that also helped locate Aditya Birla Minacs, Amazon.com, and Honeywell International, to the region.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: Greater

text: Richmond

text: area

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: third

text: best

text: city

text: for

text: business

text: by

text: MarketWatch

text: in

text: September

text: ranking

text: behind

text: only

text: the

text: Minneapolis

text: and

text: Denver

text: areas

text: and

text: just

text: above

text: Boston

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: six

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: electric

text: utility

text: Dominion

text: Resources

text: CarMax

text: Owens

text: Minor

text: Genworth

text: Financial

text: MeadWestvaco

text: McKesson

text: Medical

text: Surgical

text: and

text: Altria

text: Group

text: However

text: only

text: Dominion

text: Resources

text: and

text: MeadWestvaco

text: are

text: headquartered

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Richmond

text: the

text: others

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: neighboring

text: counties

text: of

text: Henrico

text: and

text: Hanover

text: In

text: Altria

text: moved

text: its

text: corporate

text: HQ

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: to

text: Henrico

text: County

text: adding

text: another

text: Fortune

text: corporation

text: to

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: list

text: In

text: February

text: MeadWestvaco

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: move

text: from

text: Stamford

text: Connecticut

text: to

text: Richmond

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Richmond

text: Partnership

text: a

text: regional

text: economic

text: development

text: organization

text: that

text: also

text: helped

text: locate

text: Aditya

text: Birla

text: Minacs

text: Amazon.com

text: and

text: Honeywell

text: International

text: to

text: the

text: region

question: According to MarketWatch, where did Richmond rank among cities for business?

answer: third

text: third

question: What did MarketWatch think was the fourth best city for business?

answer: Boston

text: Boston

question: What type of business is Dominion Resources?

answer: electric utility

text: electric utility

question: Prior to moving to the Richmond area, where was Altria's headquarters located?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: What company moved to Richmond from Connecticut?

answer: MeadWestvaco

text: MeadWestvaco


text: A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: A

text: monument

text: to

text: the

text: huge

text: human

text: cost

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: gigantic

text: construction

text: projects

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: is

text: the

text: Yangshan

text: Quarry

text: located

text: some

text: km

text: mi

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: walled

text: city

text: and

text: Ming

text: Xiaoling

text: mausoleum

text: where

text: a

text: gigantic

text: stele

text: cut

text: on

text: the

text: orders

text: of

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: lies

text: abandoned

text: just

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: left

text: years

text: ago

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: understood

text: it

text: was

text: impossible

text: to

text: move

text: or

text: complete

text: it

question: How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?

answer: 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city

text: 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city

question: What large item is abandoned at the Quarry?

answer: a gigantic stele

text: a gigantic stele

question: How long ago was the stele abandoned?

answer: 600 years ago

text: 600 years ago

question: Why was the stele abandoned?

answer: it was impossible to move or complete it

text: it was impossible to move or complete it

question: Who ordered the creation of the stele?

answer: the Yongle Emperor

text: the Yongle Emperor


text: In a switching circuit, the idea is to simulate, as near as possible, the ideal switch having the properties of open circuit when off, short circuit when on, and an instantaneous transition between the two states. Parameters are chosen such that the "off" output is limited to leakage currents too small to affect connected circuitry; the resistance of the transistor in the "on" state is too small to affect circuitry; and the transition between the two states is fast enough not to have a detrimental effect.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: In

text: a

text: switching

text: circuit

text: the

text: idea

text: is

text: to

text: simulate

text: as

text: near

text: as

text: possible

text: the

text: ideal

text: switch

text: having

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: open

text: circuit

text: when

text: off

text: short

text: circuit

text: when

text: on

text: and

text: an

text: instantaneous

text: transition

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: states

text: Parameters

text: are

text: chosen

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: off

text: output

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: leakage

text: currents

text: too

text: small

text: to

text: affect

text: connected

text: circuitry

text: the

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: transistor

text: in

text: the

text: on

text: state

text: is

text: too

text: small

text: to

text: affect

text: circuitry

text: and

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: states

text: is

text: fast

text: enough

text: not

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: detrimental

text: effect

question: How are parameters chosen in a switching circuit?

answer: the "off" output is limited to leakage currents too small to affect connected circuitry

text: the "off" output is limited to leakage currents too small to affect connected circuitry

question: What is a switching circuit trying to simulate when on?

answer: short circuit

text: short circuit

question: What is a switching circuit trying to simulate when off?

answer: open circuit

text: open circuit

question: How quickly does the change from open circuit to short circuit happen?

answer: instantaneous

text: instantaneous

question: What might stop a switch from transitioning quickly?

text: leakage currents

question: What can help a switch work more efficiently?

text: connected circuitry

question: What kind of circuit has the least amount of resistance?

text: short circuit

question: What kind of circuit has the most resistance?

text: open circuit

question: When is a circuit most likely to fail?

text: the transition between the two states


text: The city is home to 261,546 (mid-2014 est.) people, making it the 30th most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom. It is governed locally by Plymouth City Council and is represented nationally by three MPs. Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring including ferry links to Brittany (Roscoff and St Malo) and Spain (Santander), but has tended toward a service-based economy since the 1990s. It has the largest operational naval base in Western Europe – HMNB Devonport and is home to Plymouth University.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: est

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: is

text: governed

text: locally

text: by

text: Plymouth

text: City

text: Council

text: and

text: is

text: represented

text: nationally

text: by

text: three

text: MPs

text: Plymouth

text: 's

text: economy

text: remains

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: shipbuilding

text: and

text: seafaring

text: including

text: ferry

text: links

text: to

text: Brittany

text: Roscoff

text: and

text: St

text: Malo

text: and

text: Spain

text: Santander

text: but

text: has

text: tended

text: toward

text: a

text: service

text: based

text: economy

text: since

text: the

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: operational

text: naval

text: base

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: HMNB

text: Devonport

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Plymouth

text: University

question: As of 2014, what was the population of Plymouth?

answer: 261,546

question: Where does Plymouth rank in population among the cities of the UK?

answer: 30th

question: How many members of Parliament represent Plymouth?

answer: three

text: three

question: In what city does Plymouth's ferry to Spain terminate?

answer: Santander

text: Santander

question: What institution of higher education is based in Plymouth?

answer: Plymouth University

text: Plymouth University


text: Since the founding of Freemasonry, many Bishops of the Church of England have been Freemasons, such as Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher. In the past, few members of the Church of England would have seen any incongruity in concurrently adhering to Anglican Christianity and practicing Freemasonry. In recent decades, however, reservations about Freemasonry have increased within Anglicanism, perhaps due to the increasing prominence of the evangelical wing of the church. The former Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, appeared to harbour some reservations about Masonic ritual, whilst being anxious to avoid causing offence to Freemasons inside and outside the Church of England. In 2003 he felt it necessary to apologise to British Freemasons after he said that their beliefs were incompatible with Christianity and that he had barred the appointment of Freemasons to senior posts in his diocese when he was Bishop of Monmouth.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Since

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: Freemasonry

text: many

text: Bishops

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: have

text: been

text: Freemasons

text: such

text: as

text: Archbishop

text: Geoffrey

text: Fisher

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: few

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: would

text: have

text: seen

text: any

text: incongruity

text: in

text: concurrently

text: adhering

text: to

text: Anglican

text: Christianity

text: and

text: practicing

text: Freemasonry

text: In

text: recent

text: decades

text: however

text: reservations

text: about

text: Freemasonry

text: have

text: increased

text: within

text: Anglicanism

text: perhaps

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: increasing

text: prominence

text: of

text: the

text: evangelical

text: wing

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: The

text: former

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: Dr

text: Rowan

text: Williams

text: appeared

text: to

text: harbour

text: some

text: reservations

text: about

text: Masonic

text: ritual

text: whilst

text: being

text: anxious

text: to

text: avoid

text: causing

text: offence

text: to

text: Freemasons

text: inside

text: and

text: outside

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: In

text: he

text: felt

text: it

text: necessary

text: to

text: apologise

text: to

text: British

text: Freemasons

text: after

text: he

text: said

text: that

text: their

text: beliefs

text: were

text: incompatible

text: with

text: Christianity

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: barred

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: Freemasons

text: to

text: senior

text: posts

text: in

text: his

text: diocese

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Monmouth

question: What English Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons?

answer: Geoffrey Fisher

text: Geoffrey Fisher

question: What former Archbishop of Canterbury has reservations about the Freemasons?

answer: Dr Rowan Williams

text: Dr Rowan Williams

question: What year did Dr. Rowan Williams apologize to the Freemasons?

answer: 2003

question: Dr. Rowan Williams was also Bishop of what?

answer: Bishop of Monmouth

text: Bishop of Monmouth

question: What Austrian Archbishop was a member of the Freemasons?

text: Geoffrey Fisher

question: What former Archbishop of Canterbury has accolades from the Freemasons?

text: Dr Rowan Williams

question: What year did Dr. Rowan Williams destroy the Freemasons?

question: What was Dr. Rowan Williams a Cardinal of?

text: of Monmouth


text: iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that "the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: iPods

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: for

text: alleged

text: short

text: life

text: span

text: and

text: fragile

text: hard

text: drives

text: A

text: survey

text: conducted

text: on

text: the

text: MacInTouch

text: website

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: had

text: an

text: average

text: failure

text: rate

text: of

text: although

text: they

text: note

text: that

text: comments

text: from

text: respondents

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: true

text: iPod

text: failure

text: rate

text: may

text: be

text: lower

text: than

text: it

text: appears

text: It

text: concluded

text: that

text: some

text: models

text: were

text: more

text: durable

text: than

text: others

text: In

text: particular

text: failure

text: rates

text: for

text: iPods

text: employing

text: hard

text: drives

text: was

text: usually

text: above

text: while

text: those

text: with

text: flash

text: memory

text: had

text: a

text: failure

text: rate

text: below

text: In

text: late

text: many

text: users

text: complained

text: that

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nano

text: can

text: become

text: scratched

text: easily

text: rendering

text: the

text: screen

text: unusable

text: A

text: class

text: action

text: lawsuit

text: was

text: also

text: filed

text: Apple

text: initially

text: considered

text: the

text: issue

text: a

text: minor

text: defect

text: but

text: later

text: began

text: shipping

text: these

text: iPods

text: with

text: protective

text: sleeves.[citation

text: needed

question: What are two subjects of criticism of iPods?

answer: short life-span and fragile hard drives

text: short life-span and fragile hard drives

question: What website ran a survey to learn how often iPods ceased working?

answer: MacInTouch

text: MacInTouch

question: How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey?

answer: 13.7%

question: When did iPod owners take issue with the fragility of the iPod screen?

answer: late 2005

text: late 2005

question: What did Apple include with the iPod to resolve the screen problem?

answer: protective sleeves

text: protective sleeves

question: Which type of iPod storage proved more reliable than hard drive storage?

answer: flash memory

text: flash memory

question: The first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily?

answer: screen

text: screen


text: As of 2011, there have been six series — Digimon Adventure, the follow-up sequel Digimon Adventure 02, Digimon Tamers, Digimon Frontier, Digimon Data Squad and Digimon Fusion. The first two series take place in the same fictional universe, but the third, fourth, fifth and sixth each occupy their own unique world. Each series is commonly based on the original storyline but things are added to make them unique. However, in Tamers, the Adventure universe is referred to as a commercial enterprise — a trading card game in Japan, plus a show-within-a-show in the English dub. It also features an appearance by a character from the Adventure universe. In addition, each series has spawned assorted feature films. Digimon still shows popularity, as new card series, video games, and movies are still being produced and released: new card series include Eternal Courage, Hybrid Warriors, Generations, and Operation X; the video game, Digimon Rumble Arena 2; and the previously unreleased movies Revenge of Diaboromon, Runaway Locomon, Battle of Adventurers, and Island of Lost Digimon. In Japan, Digital Monster X-Evolution, the eighth TV movie, was released on January 3, 2005, and on December 23, 2005 at Jump Festa 2006, the fifth series, Digimon Savers was announced for Japan to begin airing after a three-year hiatus of the show. A sixth television series, Digimon Xros Wars, began airing in 2010, and was followed by a second season, which started on October 2, 2011 as a direct sequel to Digimon Xros Wars.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: six

text: series

text: Digimon

text: Adventure

text: the

text: follow

text: up

text: sequel

text: Digimon

text: Adventure

text: Digimon

text: Tamers

text: Digimon

text: Frontier

text: Digimon

text: Data

text: Squad

text: and

text: Digimon

text: Fusion

text: The

text: first

text: two

text: series

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: fictional

text: universe

text: but

text: the

text: third

text: fourth

text: fifth

text: and

text: sixth

text: each

text: occupy

text: their

text: own

text: unique

text: world

text: Each

text: series

text: is

text: commonly

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: original

text: storyline

text: but

text: things

text: are

text: added

text: to

text: make

text: them

text: unique

text: However

text: in

text: Tamers

text: the

text: Adventure

text: universe

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: commercial

text: enterprise

text: a

text: trading

text: card

text: game

text: in

text: Japan

text: plus

text: a

text: show

text: within

text: a

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: dub

text: It

text: also

text: features

text: an

text: appearance

text: by

text: a

text: character

text: from

text: the

text: Adventure

text: universe

text: In

text: addition

text: each

text: series

text: has

text: spawned

text: assorted

text: feature

text: films

text: Digimon

text: still

text: shows

text: popularity

text: as

text: new

text: card

text: series

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: movies

text: are

text: still

text: being

text: produced

text: and

text: released

text: new

text: card

text: series

text: include

text: Eternal

text: Courage

text: Hybrid

text: Warriors

text: Generations

text: and

text: Operation

text: X

text: the

text: video

text: game

text: Digimon

text: Rumble

text: Arena

text: and

text: the

text: previously

text: unreleased

text: movies

text: Revenge

text: of

text: Diaboromon

text: Runaway

text: Locomon

text: Battle

text: of

text: Adventurers

text: and

text: Island

text: of

text: Lost

text: Digimon

text: In

text: Japan

text: Digital

text: Monster

text: X

text: Evolution

text: the

text: eighth

text: TV

text: movie

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: on

text: December

text: at

text: Jump

text: Festa

text: the

text: fifth

text: series

text: Digimon

text: Savers

text: was

text: announced

text: for

text: Japan

text: to

text: begin

text: airing

text: after

text: a

text: three

text: year

text: hiatus

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: A

text: sixth

text: television

text: series

text: Digimon

text: Xros

text: Wars

text: began

text: airing

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: second

text: season

text: which

text: started

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: a

text: direct

text: sequel

text: to

text: Digimon

text: Xros

text: Wars

question: How many series have aired since 2011?

answer: six series

text: six series

question: What is the name of the second Digimon series?

answer: Digimon Adventure 02

text: Digimon Adventure 02

question: When was the movie Digital Monster X-Evolution released?

answer: January 3, 2005

text: January 3, 2005

question: When did Digimon Xros Wars begin airing?

answer: 2010

question: How many series of aired as of 2001?

text: six series

question: What world the first 5 Series Take Pl. in?

text: same fictional universe

question: What is unique in each series?

text: storyline

question: What was announced in December 2006?

text: the fifth series, Digimon Savers

question: Which series began in 2011


text: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called the sackbut) existed. Medieval instruments in Europe had most commonly been used singly, often self accompanied with a drone note, or occasionally in parts. From at least as early as the 13th century through the 15th century there was a division of instruments into haut (loud, shrill, outdoor instruments) and bas (quieter, more intimate instruments).

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: instruments

text: used

text: to

text: perform

text: medieval

text: music

text: still

text: exist

text: but

text: in

text: different

text: forms

text: Medieval

text: instruments

text: included

text: the

text: wood

text: flute

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: metal

text: the

text: recorder

text: and

text: plucked

text: string

text: instruments

text: like

text: the

text: lute

text: As

text: well

text: early

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: organ

text: fiddle

text: or

text: vielle

text: and

text: trombone

text: called

text: the

text: sackbut

text: existed

text: Medieval

text: instruments

text: in

text: Europe

text: had

text: most

text: commonly

text: been

text: used

text: singly

text: often

text: self

text: accompanied

text: with

text: a

text: drone

text: note

text: or

text: occasionally

text: in

text: parts

text: From

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: instruments

text: into

text: haut

text: loud

text: shrill

text: outdoor

text: instruments

text: and

text: bas

text: quieter

text: more

text: intimate

text: instruments

question: What was the medieval flute made from?

answer: wood

text: wood

question: What was an early version of the fiddle called?

answer: vielle

text: vielle

question: What was an early version of the trombone called?

answer: sackbut

text: sackbut

question: Medieval instrument in Europe were commonly used how?

answer: singly

text: singly

question: Loud, shrill, and outdoor instruments were referred to as 'haut', while quieter, more intimate instruments were referred to as what?

answer: bas

text: bas


text: "The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the world of physics is constructed, has entered in the form of messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness.... Consciousness is not sharply defined, but fades into subconsciousness; and beyond that we must postulate something indefinite but yet continuous with our mental nature.... It is difficult for the matter-of-fact physicist to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character. But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference."

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: The

text: mind

text: stuff

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: of

text: course

text: something

text: more

text: general

text: than

text: our

text: individual

text: conscious

text: minds

text: The

text: mind

text: stuff

text: is

text: not

text: spread

text: in

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: these

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: cyclic

text: scheme

text: ultimately

text: derived

text: out

text: of

text: it

text: It

text: is

text: necessary

text: to

text: keep

text: reminding

text: ourselves

text: that

text: all

text: knowledge

text: of

text: our

text: environment

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: physics

text: is

text: constructed

text: has

text: entered

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: messages

text: transmitted

text: along

text: the

text: nerves

text: to

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: consciousness

text: Consciousness

text: is

text: not

text: sharply

text: defined

text: but

text: fades

text: into

text: subconsciousness

text: and

text: beyond

text: that

text: we

text: must

text: postulate

text: something

text: indefinite

text: but

text: yet

text: continuous

text: with

text: our

text: mental

text: nature

text: It

text: is

text: difficult

text: for

text: the

text: matter

text: of

text: fact

text: physicist

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: the

text: substratum

text: of

text: everything

text: is

text: of

text: mental

text: character

text: But

text: no

text: one

text: can

text: deny

text: that

text: mind

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: most

text: direct

text: thing

text: in

text: our

text: experience

text: and

text: all

text: else

text: is

text: remote

text: inference

question: How do receive information from the physical world?

answer: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness

text: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness

question: What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself?

answer: subconsciousness

text: subconsciousness

question: What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality?

answer: mental

text: mental

question: According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally mental?

answer: physicist

text: physicist

question: What is the main thing that we experience?

answer: mind

text: mind

question: What is more general that mind-stuff of the world?

text: individual conscious minds

question: How is mind-stuff spread?

text: in space and time

question: What is sharply defined?

text: Consciousness

question: What does the matter-of-fact physicist easily accept?

question: What is the cyclic scheme transmitted by?

text: the nerves to the seat of consciousness


text: Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Correa and an oil painting whose authorship has been attributed to Murillo. Secular works of art of this period include the equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain, locally known as El Caballito ("The little horse"). This piece, in bronze, was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá, in front of the Palacio de Minería (Mining Palace). Directly in front of this building is the beautiful Museo Nacional de Arte (Munal) (the National Museum of Art).

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: colonial

text: art

text: stemmed

text: from

text: the

text: codices

text: Aztec

text: illustrated

text: books

text: aiming

text: to

text: recover

text: and

text: preserve

text: some

text: Aztec

text: and

text: other

text: Amerindian

text: iconography

text: and

text: history

text: From

text: then

text: artistic

text: expressions

text: in

text: Mexico

text: were

text: mostly

text: religious

text: in

text: theme

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: Cathedral

text: still

text: displays

text: works

text: by

text: Juan

text: de

text: Rojas

text: Juan

text: Correa

text: and

text: an

text: oil

text: painting

text: whose

text: authorship

text: has

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: Murillo

text: Secular

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: include

text: the

text: equestrian

text: sculpture

text: of

text: Charles

text: IV

text: of

text: Spain

text: locally

text: known

text: as

text: El

text: Caballito

text: The

text: little

text: horse

text: This

text: piece

text: in

text: bronze

text: was

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Manuel

text: Tolsá

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: at

text: the

text: Plaza

text: Tolsá

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Palacio

text: de

text: Minería

text: Mining

text: Palace

text: Directly

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: this

text: building

text: is

text: the

text: beautiful

text: Museo

text: Nacional

text: de

text: Arte

text: Munal

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

question: What comprised most of the early art of Mexico City?

answer: codices

text: codices

question: Most of the art since the Aztecs took what style?

answer: religious

text: religious

question: Whose art is displayed at the large cathedral in Mexico City?

answer: Juan de Rojas

text: Juan de Rojas

question: "The Little Horse" is also known as what?

answer: equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain

text: equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain

question: Who created "The Little Horse?"

answer: Manuel Tolsá

text: Manuel Tolsá


text: Systematic botany is part of systematic biology, which is concerned with the range and diversity of organisms and their relationships, particularly as determined by their evolutionary history. It involves, or is related to, biological classification, scientific taxonomy and phylogenetics. Biological classification is the method by which botanists group organisms into categories such as genera or species. Biological classification is a form of scientific taxonomy. Modern taxonomy is rooted in the work of Carl Linnaeus, who grouped species according to shared physical characteristics. These groupings have since been revised to align better with the Darwinian principle of common descent – grouping organisms by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics. While scientists do not always agree on how to classify organisms, molecular phylogenetics, which uses DNA sequences as data, has driven many recent revisions along evolutionary lines and is likely to continue to do so. The dominant classification system is called Linnaean taxonomy. It includes ranks and binomial nomenclature. The nomenclature of botanical organisms is codified in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and administered by the International Botanical Congress.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Systematic

text: botany

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: systematic

text: biology

text: which

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: range

text: and

text: diversity

text: of

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: relationships

text: particularly

text: as

text: determined

text: by

text: their

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: It

text: involves

text: or

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: biological

text: classification

text: scientific

text: taxonomy

text: and

text: phylogenetics

text: Biological

text: classification

text: is

text: the

text: method

text: by

text: which

text: botanists

text: group

text: organisms

text: into

text: categories

text: such

text: as

text: genera

text: or

text: species

text: Biological

text: classification

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: scientific

text: taxonomy

text: Modern

text: taxonomy

text: is

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: who

text: grouped

text: species

text: according

text: to

text: shared

text: physical

text: characteristics

text: These

text: groupings

text: have

text: since

text: been

text: revised

text: to

text: align

text: better

text: with

text: the

text: Darwinian

text: principle

text: of

text: common

text: descent

text: grouping

text: organisms

text: by

text: ancestry

text: rather

text: than

text: superficial

text: characteristics

text: While

text: scientists

text: do

text: not

text: always

text: agree

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: classify

text: organisms

text: molecular

text: phylogenetics

text: which

text: uses

text: DNA

text: sequences

text: as

text: data

text: has

text: driven

text: many

text: recent

text: revisions

text: along

text: evolutionary

text: lines

text: and

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: continue

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: The

text: dominant

text: classification

text: system

text: is

text: called

text: Linnaean

text: taxonomy

text: It

text: includes

text: ranks

text: and

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: The

text: nomenclature

text: of

text: botanical

text: organisms

text: is

text: codified

text: in

text: the

text: International

text: Code

text: of

text: Nomenclature

text: for

text: algae

text: fungi

text: and

text: plants

text: ICN

text: and

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Botanical

text: Congress

question: How did Linnaeus group organisms?

answer: shared physical characteristics

text: shared physical characteristics

question: How did Darwin change the grouping pioneered by Linnaeus?

answer: by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics

text: by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics

question: How are grouping determined currently?

answer: DNA sequences

text: DNA sequences

question: Who maintains a standard of grouping for naming purposes?

answer: International Botanical Congress.

text: International Botanical Congress.


text: Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures. For example, aphids feed on crops and cause problems for farmers, but ladybugs feed on aphids, and can be used as a means to get significantly reduce pest aphid populations. While birds are perhaps more visible predators of insects, insects themselves account for the vast majority of insect consumption. Ants also help control animal populations by consuming small vertebrates. Without predators to keep them in check, insects can undergo almost unstoppable population explosions.:328–348:400

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Insectivorous

text: insects

text: or

text: insects

text: which

text: feed

text: on

text: other

text: insects

text: are

text: beneficial

text: to

text: humans

text: because

text: they

text: eat

text: insects

text: that

text: could

text: cause

text: damage

text: to

text: agriculture

text: and

text: human

text: structures

text: For

text: example

text: aphids

text: feed

text: on

text: crops

text: and

text: cause

text: problems

text: for

text: farmers

text: but

text: ladybugs

text: feed

text: on

text: aphids

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: get

text: significantly

text: reduce

text: pest

text: aphid

text: populations

text: While

text: birds

text: are

text: perhaps

text: more

text: visible

text: predators

text: of

text: insects

text: insects

text: themselves

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: insect

text: consumption

text: Ants

text: also

text: help

text: control

text: animal

text: populations

text: by

text: consuming

text: small

text: vertebrates

text: Without

text: predators

text: to

text: keep

text: them

text: in

text: check

text: insects

text: can

text: undergo

text: almost

text: unstoppable

text: population

question: What insects feed on other insects?

answer: Insectivorous

text: Insectivorous

question: Insectivorous insects are beneficial or harmful to humans?

answer: beneficial

text: beneficial

question: What insect feeds on aphids?

answer: ladybugs

text: ladybugs

question: What are the most visible predators of insects?

answer: birds

text: birds

question: What is the largest consumer of insects?

answer: insects themselves

text: insects themselves


text: In his 1805 mandolin method, Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi, Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached. Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments. Also, he felt they had a "less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone" as compared to the gut string's "softer, full-singing tone." He favored the four single strings of the Cremonese instrument, which were tuned the same as the Neapolitan.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: In

text: his

text: mandolin

text: method

text: Anweisung

text: die

text: Mandoline

text: von

text: selbst

text: zu

text: erlernen

text: nebst

text: einigen

text: Uebungsstucken

text: von

text: Bortolazzi

text: Bartolomeo

text: Bortolazzi

text: popularised

text: the

text: Cremonese

text: mandolin

text: which

text: had

text: four

text: single

text: strings

text: and

text: a

text: fixed

text: bridge

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: strings

text: were

text: attached

text: Bortolazzi

text: said

text: in

text: this

text: book

text: that

text: the

text: new

text: wire

text: strung

text: mandolins

text: were

text: uncomfortable

text: to

text: play

text: when

text: compared

text: with

text: the

text: gut

text: string

text: instruments

text: Also

text: he

text: felt

text: they

text: had

text: a

text: less

text: pleasing

text: hard

text: zither

text: like

text: tone

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: gut

text: string

text: 's

text: softer

text: full

text: singing

text: tone

text: He

text: favored

text: the

text: four

text: single

text: strings

text: of

text: the

text: Cremonese

text: instrument

text: which

text: were

text: tuned

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: Neapolitan

question: Who popularised the Cremonese Mandolin?

answer: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi

text: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi

question: What was Bartolomeo Bortolazzi's popular mandolin method?

answer: Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi

text: Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi

question: How many strings did the Cremonese Mandolin have?

answer: four single-strings

text: four single-strings

question: Did Bortolazzi like playing the new wire strung mandolins?

answer: uncomfortable to play

text: uncomfortable to play

question: What did Bortolazzi say about the sound?

answer: less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone

text: less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone

question: Who didn't popularize the Cremonese Mandolin?

text: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi

question: What was Bartolomeo Bortolazzi's unpopular mandolin method?

question: How many double strings did the Cremonese Mandolin have?

text: four

question: What did Bortolazzi say about the tempo?

text: softer, full-singing tone


text: In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance. Rawls also offered a criticism of utilitarian approaches to questions of political justice. Robert Nozick's 1974 book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, which won a National Book Award, responded to Rawls from a libertarian perspective and gained academic respectability for libertarian viewpoints.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: In

text: Anglo

text: American

text: academic

text: political

text: philosophy

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: John

text: Rawls

text: 's

text: A

text: Theory

text: of

text: Justice

text: in

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: milestone

text: Rawls

text: used

text: a

text: thought

text: experiment

text: the

text: original

text: position

text: in

text: which

text: representative

text: parties

text: choose

text: principles

text: of

text: justice

text: for

text: the

text: basic

text: structure

text: of

text: society

text: from

text: behind

text: a

text: veil

text: of

text: ignorance

text: Rawls

text: also

text: offered

text: a

text: criticism

text: of

text: utilitarian

text: approaches

text: to

text: questions

text: of

text: political

text: justice

text: Robert

text: Nozick

text: 's

text: book

text: Anarchy

text: State

text: and

text: Utopia

text: which

text: won

text: a

text: National

text: Book

text: Award

text: responded

text: to

text: Rawls

text: from

text: a

text: libertarian

text: perspective

text: and

text: gained

text: academic

text: respectability

text: for

text: libertarian

text: viewpoints

question: What did John Rawsl publish?

answer: A Theory of Justice

text: A Theory of Justice

question: Who Published A Theory of Justice?

answer: John Rawls

text: John Rawls

question: When was A Theory of Justice published?

answer: 1971

question: Who wrote Anarchy, State, and Utopia?

answer: Robert Nozick

text: Robert Nozick

question: What did Robert Nozick write in 1971?

text: A Theory of Justice

question: What did John Rawls write in 1974?

text: Anarchy, State, and Utopia

question: What award did John Rawls's book win?

text: a National Book Award

question: What is Robert Nozick's book considered in American philosophy?

text: a milestone

question: What viewpoint did John Rawls have when responding to Rober Nozick?

text: a libertarian perspective


text: The band's sixth studio album News of the World was released in 1977, which has gone four times platinum in the United States, and twice in the UK. The album contained many songs tailor-made for live performance, including two of rock's most recognisable anthems, "We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champions", both of which became enduring international sports anthems, and the latter reached number four in the US. Queen commenced the News of the World Tour in October 1977, and Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times called this concert tour the band's "most spectacularly staged and finely honed show".

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: sixth

text: studio

text: album

text: News

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: which

text: has

text: gone

text: four

text: times

text: platinum

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: twice

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: The

text: album

text: contained

text: many

text: songs

text: tailor

text: made

text: for

text: live

text: performance

text: including

text: two

text: of

text: rock

text: 's

text: most

text: recognisable

text: anthems

text: We

text: Will

text: Rock

text: You

text: and

text: the

text: rock

text: ballad

text: We

text: Are

text: the

text: Champions

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: became

text: enduring

text: international

text: sports

text: anthems

text: and

text: the

text: latter

text: reached

text: number

text: four

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Queen

text: commenced

text: the

text: News

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Tour

text: in

text: October

text: and

text: Robert

text: Hilburn

text: of

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: called

text: this

text: concert

text: tour

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: most

text: spectacularly

text: staged

text: and

text: finely

text: honed

text: show

question: Queen's sixth album was released in what year?

answer: 1977

question: How many times platinum did Queen's News of the World go?

answer: four

text: four

question: Queen's News of the World contained which two rock anthems?

answer: "We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champions"

text: "We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champions"

question: Queen's News of the World Tour took place in what year?

answer: 1977


text: In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: In

text: modern

text: molecular

text: biology

text: and

text: genetics

text: the

text: genome

text: is

text: the

text: genetic

text: material

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: DNA

text: or

text: RNA

text: in

text: RNA

text: viruses

text: The

text: genome

text: includes

text: both

text: the

text: genes

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: coding

text: sequences

text: of

text: the

text: DNA

text: RNA

question: In what fields of science is the genome studied?

answer: molecular biology and genetics

text: molecular biology and genetics

question: What is the content of the human genome?

answer: DNA

text: DNA

question: What constitutes the viral genome?

answer: RNA

text: RNA

question: How do scientists classify RNA as?

text: the genetic material of an organism

question: What does a molecule contain?

question: What is one thing that genes have?

text: the non-coding sequences of the DNA

question: What is included in virus RNA?

question: What fields study molecule formation?

text: molecular biology and genetics


text: Parque Batlle (formerly: Parque de los Aliados, translation: "Park of the Allies") is a major public central park, located south of Avenida Italia and north of Avenue Rivera. Along with Parque Prado and Parque Rodó it is one of three large parks that dominate Montevideo. The park and surrounding area constitute one of the 62 neighbourhoods (barrios) of the city. The barrio of Parque Batlle is one of seven coastal barrios, the others being Buceo, Carrasco, Malvin, Pocitos, Punta Carretas, and Punta Gorda. The current barrio of Parque Battle includes four former districts: Belgrano, Italiano, Villa Dolores and Batlle Park itself and borders the neighbourhoods of La Blanqueada, Tres Cruces, Pocitos and Buceo. It has a high population density and most of its households are of medium-high- or high-income. Villa Dolores, a subdistrict of Parque Batlle, took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell y Rius and of Doña Dolores Pereira de Rossel. On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Parque

text: Batlle

text: formerly

text: Parque

text: de

text: los

text: Aliados

text: translation

text: Park

text: of

text: the

text: Allies

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: public

text: central

text: park

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: Avenida

text: Italia

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Avenue

text: Rivera

text: Along

text: with

text: Parque

text: Prado

text: and

text: Parque

text: Rodó

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: large

text: parks

text: that

text: dominate

text: Montevideo

text: The

text: park

text: and

text: surrounding

text: area

text: constitute

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: neighbourhoods

text: barrios

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: barrio

text: of

text: Parque

text: Batlle

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: seven

text: coastal

text: barrios

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: Buceo

text: Carrasco

text: Malvin

text: Pocitos

text: Punta

text: Carretas

text: and

text: Punta

text: Gorda

text: The

text: current

text: barrio

text: of

text: Parque

text: Battle

text: includes

text: four

text: former

text: districts

text: Belgrano

text: Italiano

text: Villa

text: Dolores

text: and

text: Batlle

text: Park

text: itself

text: and

text: borders

text: the

text: neighbourhoods

text: of

text: La

text: Blanqueada

text: Tres

text: Cruces

text: Pocitos

text: and

text: Buceo

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: high

text: population

text: density

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: households

text: are

text: of

text: medium

text: high-

text: or

text: high

text: income

text: Villa

text: Dolores

text: a

text: subdistrict

text: of

text: Parque

text: Batlle

text: took

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: villa

text: of

text: Don

text: Alejo

text: Rossell

text: y

text: Rius

text: and

text: of

text: Doña

text: Dolores

text: Pereira

text: de

text: Rossel

text: On

text: their

text: grounds

text: they

text: started

text: a

text: private

text: collection

text: of

text: animals

text: that

text: became

text: a

text: zoological

text: garden

text: and

text: was

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Planetarium

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: was

text: built

text: within

text: its

text: premises

question: What major public central park is located south of Avenida Italia?

answer: Parque Batlle

text: Parque Batlle

question: How many former districts does the current barrio of Parque Battle include?

answer: four

text: four

question: What sub district of Parque Batlle took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell Y Rius?

answer: Villa Dolores

text: Villa Dolores


text: Club play from pioneering Chicago DJs such as Hardy and Lil Louis, local dance music record shops such as Importes, State Street Records, Loop Records, Gramaphone Records and the popular Hot Mix 5 shows on radio station WBMX-FM helped popularize house music in Chicago. Later, visiting DJs & producers from Detroit fell into the genre. Trax Records and DJ International Records, Chicago labels with wider distribution, helped popularize house music inside and outside of Chicago. One 1986 house tune called "Move Your Body" by Marshall Jefferson, taken from the appropriately titled "The House Music Anthem" EP, became a big hit in Chicago and eventually worldwide. By 1986, UK labels were releasing house music by Chicago acts, and by 1987 house tracks by Chicago DJs and producers were appearing on and topping the UK music chart. By this time, house music released by Chicago-based labels was considered a must-play in clubs.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Club

text: play

text: from

text: pioneering

text: Chicago

text: DJs

text: such

text: as

text: Hardy

text: and

text: Lil

text: Louis

text: local

text: dance

text: music

text: record

text: shops

text: such

text: as

text: Importes

text: State

text: Street

text: Records

text: Loop

text: Records

text: Gramaphone

text: Records

text: and

text: the

text: popular

text: Hot

text: Mix

text: shows

text: on

text: radio

text: station

text: WBMX

text: FM

text: helped

text: popularize

text: house

text: music

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Later

text: visiting

text: DJs

text: producers

text: from

text: Detroit

text: fell

text: into

text: the

text: genre

text: Trax

text: Records

text: and

text: DJ

text: International

text: Records

text: Chicago

text: labels

text: with

text: wider

text: distribution

text: helped

text: popularize

text: house

text: music

text: inside

text: and

text: outside

text: of

text: Chicago

text: One

text: house

text: tune

text: called

text: Move

text: Your

text: Body

text: by

text: Marshall

text: Jefferson

text: taken

text: from

text: the

text: appropriately

text: titled

text: The

text: House

text: Music

text: Anthem

text: EP

text: became

text: a

text: big

text: hit

text: in

text: Chicago

text: and

text: eventually

text: worldwide

text: By

text: UK

text: labels

text: were

text: releasing

text: house

text: music

text: by

text: Chicago

text: acts

text: and

text: by

text: house

text: tracks

text: by

text: Chicago

text: DJs

text: and

text: producers

text: were

text: appearing

text: on

text: and

text: topping

text: the

text: UK

text: music

text: chart

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: house

text: music

text: released

text: by

text: Chicago

text: based

text: labels

text: was

text: considered

text: a

text: must

text: play

text: in

text: clubs

question: what radio station aired the Hot Mix 5 show?

answer: WBMX-FM

text: WBMX-FM

question: what record labels helped popularize house music?

answer: Trax Records and DJ International Records

text: Trax Records and DJ International Records

question: what song by marshall jefferson became a big house hit?

answer: "Move Your Body"

text: "Move Your Body"

question: what european country were big house music hits being released in, in 1987?

answer: UK

text: UK

question: where was house music from chicago-based labels considered a must-play?

answer: clubs

text: clubs

question: What radio station aired the Chicago Mix 5 show?

text: WBMX-FM

question: What record labels helped popularize Chicago music?

question: What song by Marshall Chicago became a big house hit?

text: "Move Your Body"

question: What European country were big house music hit being released in, in 1985?

text: UK

question: Where was house music from UK-based labels considered a must-play?

text: clubs


text: New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: southeastern

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: approximately

text: halfway

text: between

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: Boston

text: The

text: location

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: which

text: feeds

text: into

text: a

text: naturally

text: sheltered

text: harbor

text: and

text: then

text: into

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: has

text: helped

text: the

text: city

text: grow

text: in

text: significance

text: as

text: a

text: trading

text: port

text: Most

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: three

text: islands

text: of

text: Long

text: Island

text: Manhattan

text: and

text: Staten

text: Island

question: In what geographical region of the United States is New York City located?

answer: Northeastern

text: Northeastern

question: In what geographical region of New York state is New York City located?

answer: southeastern

text: southeastern

question: New York City is about half the distance between Washington DC and what city?

answer: Boston

text: Boston

question: New York City is adjacent to what ocean?

answer: Atlantic

text: Atlantic

question: What river is New York City located on?

answer: Hudson River

text: Hudson River

question: New York City is at the base of which American river?

answer: Hudson

text: Hudson

question: The Hudson River flows into which body of water?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: The three islands that make up New York city are named what?

answer: Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.

text: Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.


text: Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Professorship of Divinity, arising from his own Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Some have argued that this arrangement was "fully compatible with Jefferson's views on the separation of church and state;" however, others point to Jefferson's support for a scheme in which students at the University would attend religious worship each morning as evidence that his views were not consistent with strict separation. Still other scholars, such as Mark David Hall, attempt to sidestep the whole issue by arguing that American jurisprudence focuses too narrowly on this one Jeffersonian letter while failing to account for other relevant history

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: opponents

text: said

text: his

text: position

text: was

text: the

text: destruction

text: and

text: the

text: governmental

text: rejection

text: of

text: Christianity

text: but

text: this

text: was

text: a

text: caricature

text: In

text: setting

text: up

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Virginia

text: Jefferson

text: encouraged

text: all

text: the

text: separate

text: sects

text: to

text: have

text: preachers

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: though

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: constitutional

text: ban

text: on

text: the

text: State

text: supporting

text: a

text: Professorship

text: of

text: Divinity

text: arising

text: from

text: his

text: own

text: Virginia

text: Statute

text: for

text: Religious

text: Freedom

text: Some

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: this

text: arrangement

text: was

text: fully

text: compatible

text: with

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: views

text: on

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: however

text: others

text: point

text: to

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: support

text: for

text: a

text: scheme

text: in

text: which

text: students

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: would

text: attend

text: religious

text: worship

text: each

text: morning

text: as

text: evidence

text: that

text: his

text: views

text: were

text: not

text: consistent

text: with

text: strict

text: separation

text: Still

text: other

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Mark

text: David

text: Hall

text: attempt

text: to

text: sidestep

text: the

text: whole

text: issue

text: by

text: arguing

text: that

text: American

text: jurisprudence

text: focuses

text: too

text: narrowly

text: on

text: this

text: one

text: Jeffersonian

text: letter

text: while

text: failing

text: to

text: account

text: for

text: other

text: relevant

text: history

question: What did Jefferson's opponents accuse him of wanting to do to Christianity?

answer: destruction

text: destruction

question: What did Jefferson encourage the separate sects at the University of Virginia to have of their own?

answer: preachers

text: preachers

question: How was the state banned from supporting a Professorship of Divinity?

answer: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

text: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

question: What scheme did Jefferson apparently support when it came to University students?

answer: attend religious worship each morning

text: attend religious worship each morning

question: What does Mark David Hall think people focus on way too much?

answer: one Jeffersonian letter

text: one Jeffersonian letter

question: What did Jefferson's opponents not accuse him of wanting to do to Christianity?

text: destruction

question: What did Jefferson discourage the separate sects at the University of Virginia to have of their own?

text: preachers

question: How was the state allowed to support a Professorship of Divinity?

text: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

question: What scheme did Jefferson reject when it came to University students?

text: attend religious worship each morning

question: What does Mark David Hall think people don't focus on enough?

text: one Jeffersonian letter


text: Species that have no long-distance migratory relatives, such as the waxwings Bombycilla, are effectively moving in response to winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food, rather than enhanced breeding opportunities.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Species

text: that

text: have

text: no

text: long

text: distance

text: migratory

text: relatives

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: waxwings

text: Bombycilla

text: are

text: effectively

text: moving

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: winter

text: weather

text: and

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: their

text: usual

text: winter

text: food

text: rather

text: than

text: enhanced

text: breeding

text: opportunities

question: What species has no long-distance migratory relatives?

answer: the waxwings Bombycilla

text: the waxwings Bombycilla

question: What are the waxwings Bombycilla moving in response to?

answer: winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food

text: winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food

question: Why are the waxwing Bombycilla not migrating for?

answer: enhanced breeding opportunities

text: enhanced breeding opportunities


text: There are many geological issues concerning the rivers and streams of the Appalachians. In spite of the existence of the Great Appalachian Valley, many of the main rivers are transverse to the mountain system axis. The drainage divide of the Appalachians follows a tortuous course which crosses the mountainous belt just north of the New River in Virginia. South of the New River, rivers head into the Blue Ridge, cross the higher Unakas, receive important tributaries from the Great Valley, and traversing the Cumberland Plateau in spreading gorges (water gaps), escape by way of the Cumberland River and the Tennessee River rivers to the Ohio River and the Mississippi River, and thence to the Gulf of Mexico. In the central section, north of the New River, the rivers, rising in or just beyond the Valley Ridges, flow through great gorges to the Great Valley, and then across the Blue Ridge to tidal estuaries penetrating the coastal plain via the Roanoke River, James River, Potomac River, and Susquehanna River.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: geological

text: issues

text: concerning

text: the

text: rivers

text: and

text: streams

text: of

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Appalachian

text: Valley

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: rivers

text: are

text: transverse

text: to

text: the

text: mountain

text: system

text: axis

text: The

text: drainage

text: divide

text: of

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: follows

text: a

text: tortuous

text: course

text: which

text: crosses

text: the

text: mountainous

text: belt

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: River

text: in

text: Virginia

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: River

text: rivers

text: head

text: into

text: the

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: cross

text: the

text: higher

text: Unakas

text: receive

text: important

text: tributaries

text: from

text: the

text: Great

text: Valley

text: and

text: traversing

text: the

text: Cumberland

text: Plateau

text: in

text: spreading

text: gorges

text: water

text: gaps

text: escape

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: Cumberland

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: River

text: rivers

text: to

text: the

text: Ohio

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: and

text: thence

text: to

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: section

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: River

text: the

text: rivers

text: rising

text: in

text: or

text: just

text: beyond

text: the

text: Valley

text: Ridges

text: flow

text: through

text: great

text: gorges

text: to

text: the

text: Great

text: Valley

text: and

text: then

text: across

text: the

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: to

text: tidal

text: estuaries

text: penetrating

text: the

text: coastal

text: plain

text: via

text: the

text: Roanoke

text: River

text: James

text: River

text: Potomac

text: River

text: and

text: Susquehanna

text: River

question: What is the name of the drainage divide?

text: New River

question: What is north of the Potomac River?

question: What geological feature causes the main rivers t orun transverse?

text: the Great Appalachian Valley

question: What state is the James River located in?

text: Mississippi


text: The song "Tom's Diner" by Suzanne Vega was the first song used by Karlheinz Brandenburg to develop the MP3. Brandenburg adopted the song for testing purposes, listening to it again and again each time refining the scheme, making sure it did not adversely affect the subtlety of Vega's voice.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: The

text: song

text: Tom

text: 's

text: Diner

text: by

text: Suzanne

text: Vega

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: song

text: used

text: by

text: Karlheinz

text: Brandenburg

text: to

text: develop

text: the

text: Brandenburg

text: adopted

text: the

text: song

text: for

text: testing

text: purposes

text: listening

text: to

text: it

text: again

text: and

text: again

text: each

text: time

text: refining

text: the

text: scheme

text: making

text: sure

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: adversely

text: affect

text: the

text: subtlety

text: of

text: Vega

text: 's

text: voice

question: What was the name of the first song used to develop the MP3?

answer: Tom's Diner

text: Tom's Diner

question: Who was the artist of the first song used?

answer: Suzanne Vega

text: Suzanne Vega

question: Who adjusted the song?

answer: Karlheinz Brandenburg

text: Karlheinz Brandenburg

question: The song was listened to multiple times to try and refine what?

answer: scheme

text: scheme

question: What particular aspect of the artists voice was he trying to preserve?

answer: subtlety

text: subtlety


text: The Directorate of Operations is responsible for collecting foreign intelligence, mainly from clandestine HUMINT sources, and covert action. The name reflects its role as the coordinator of human intelligence activities among other elements of the wider U.S. intelligence community with their own HUMINT operations. This Directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy and budget between the United States Department of Defense (DOD) and the CIA. In spite of this, the Department of Defense recently organized its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service (DCS), under the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: The

text: Directorate

text: of

text: Operations

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: collecting

text: foreign

text: intelligence

text: mainly

text: from

text: clandestine

text: HUMINT

text: sources

text: and

text: covert

text: action

text: The

text: name

text: reflects

text: its

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: coordinator

text: of

text: human

text: intelligence

text: activities

text: among

text: other

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: U.S.

text: intelligence

text: community

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: HUMINT

text: operations

text: This

text: Directorate

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: end

text: years

text: of

text: rivalry

text: over

text: influence

text: philosophy

text: and

text: budget

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: DOD

text: and

text: the

text: CIA

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: this

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: recently

text: organized

text: its

text: own

text: global

text: clandestine

text: intelligence

text: service

text: the

text: Defense

text: Clandestine

text: Service

text: DCS

text: under

text: the

text: Defense

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: DIA

question: What office is in charge of collecting foreign intelligence?

answer: The Directorate of Operations

text: The Directorate of Operations

question: What is the main reason the Directorate of Operations was created?

answer: to end years of rivalry

text: to end years of rivalry

question: What intelligence service did the Department of Defense recently create?

answer: the Defense Clandestine Service

text: the Defense Clandestine Service

question: What does DIA stand for?

answer: Defense Intelligence Agency

text: Defense Intelligence Agency

question: What is DOD short for?

answer: Department of Defense

text: Department of Defense


text: In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of 1,575–49,837 EJ per year (see table below).

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Programme

text: UN

text: Department

text: of

text: Economic

text: and

text: Social

text: Affairs

text: and

text: World

text: Energy

text: Council

text: published

text: an

text: estimate

text: of

text: the

text: potential

text: solar

text: energy

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: humans

text: each

text: year

text: that

text: took

text: into

text: account

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: insolation

text: cloud

text: cover

text: and

text: the

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: usable

text: by

text: humans

text: The

text: estimate

text: found

text: that

text: solar

text: energy

text: has

text: a

text: global

text: potential

text: of

text: EJ

text: per

text: year

text: see

text: table

text: below

question: What factors were taken into account in the estimate published in 2000 on solar energy?

answer: insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans

text: insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans

question: What was the total potential of solar energy found in the estimate?

answer: 1,575–49,837 EJ per year

text: 1,575–49,837 EJ per year


text: The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine, analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium, by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner, who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus. Multinational corporations including Merck, Hoffman-La Roche, Burroughs-Wellcome (now part of Glaxo Smith Kline), Abbott Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Upjohn (now part of Pfizer) began as local apothecary shops in the mid-1800s. By the late 1880s, German dye manufacturers had perfected the purification of individual organic compounds from coal tar and other mineral sources and had also established rudimentary methods in organic chemical synthesis. The development of synthetic chemical methods allowed scientists to systematically vary the structure of chemical substances, and growth in the emerging science of pharmacology expanded their ability to evaluate the biological effects of these structural changes.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: The

text: modern

text: pharmaceutical

text: industry

text: traces

text: its

text: roots

text: to

text: two

text: sources

text: The

text: first

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: local

text: apothecaries

text: that

text: expanded

text: from

text: their

text: traditional

text: role

text: distributing

text: botanical

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: morphine

text: and

text: quinine

text: to

text: wholesale

text: manufacture

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: Rational

text: drug

text: discovery

text: from

text: plants

text: started

text: particularly

text: with

text: the

text: isolation

text: of

text: morphine

text: analgesic

text: and

text: sleep

text: inducing

text: agent

text: from

text: opium

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: apothecary

text: assistant

text: Friedrich

text: Sertürner

text: who

text: named

text: the

text: compound

text: after

text: the

text: Greek

text: god

text: of

text: dreams

text: Morpheus

text: Multinational

text: corporations

text: including

text: Merck

text: Hoffman

text: La

text: Roche

text: Burroughs

text: Wellcome

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: Glaxo

text: Smith

text: Kline

text: Abbott

text: Laboratories

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: and

text: Upjohn

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: Pfizer

text: began

text: as

text: local

text: apothecary

text: shops

text: in

text: the

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: German

text: dye

text: manufacturers

text: had

text: perfected

text: the

text: purification

text: of

text: individual

text: organic

text: compounds

text: from

text: coal

text: tar

text: and

text: other

text: mineral

text: sources

text: and

text: had

text: also

text: established

text: rudimentary

text: methods

text: in

text: organic

text: chemical

text: synthesis

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: synthetic

text: chemical

text: methods

text: allowed

text: scientists

text: to

text: systematically

text: vary

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: chemical

text: substances

text: and

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: emerging

text: science

text: of

text: pharmacology

text: expanded

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: evaluate

text: the

text: biological

text: effects

text: of

text: these

text: structural

text: changes

question: When was Morphine and Quinine first available?

answer: mid 1800s

text: mid 1800s

question: Who was the compound named after?

answer: Morpheus

text: Morpheus

question: Where were was Morphine extracted from?

answer: opium

text: opium

question: Who is responsible for purification of compounds found in mineral sources?

answer: German dye manufacturers

text: German dye manufacturers

question: Who came up with the name Morphine?

answer: Friedrich Sertürner

text: Friedrich Sertürner

question: Morphine was named after what Greek god?

answer: Morpheus

text: Morpheus

question: Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company?

answer: Glaxo Smith Kline

text: Glaxo Smith Kline

question: Who discovered morphine?

answer: Friedrich Sertürner

text: Friedrich Sertürner

question: What is the name of the plant that produces morphine?

answer: opium

text: opium

question: When was Glaxo first available?

question: Who was Glaxo named after?

text: Morpheus

question: Where was Glaxo extracted from?

text: opium

question: Who is responsible for purification of Glaxo found in mineral sources?

text: German dye manufacturers

question: Who came up with the name Glaxo?

text: Friedrich Sertürner


text: The "Rheinische" Carnival is held in the west of Germany, mainly in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia or Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rhineland Palatinate or Rheinland-Pfalz, but also in Hessen [including Oberhessen], Bavaria and other states. Some cities are more famous for celebrations such as parades and costume balls. Köln or Cologne Carnival, as well as Mainz and Düsseldorf are the largest and most famous. Other cities have their own, often less well-known celebrations, parades and parties such as Worms am Rhein, Speyer, Kaiserslautern, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen, Stuttgart, Augsburg and München [Munich] Nürnberg. On Carnival Thursday (called "Old Women Day" or "The Women's Day") in commemoration of an 1824 revolt by washer-women, women storm city halls, cut men's ties, and are allowed to kiss any passing man.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: The

text: Rheinische

text: Carnival

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: Germany

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: or

text: Nordrhein

text: Westfalen

text: Rhineland

text: Palatinate

text: or

text: Rheinland

text: Pfalz

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Hessen

text: including

text: Oberhessen

text: Bavaria

text: and

text: other

text: states

text: Some

text: cities

text: are

text: more

text: famous

text: for

text: celebrations

text: such

text: as

text: parades

text: and

text: costume

text: balls

text: Köln

text: or

text: Cologne

text: Carnival

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Mainz

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: famous

text: Other

text: cities

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: often

text: less

text: well

text: known

text: celebrations

text: parades

text: and

text: parties

text: such

text: as

text: Worms

text: am

text: Rhein

text: Speyer

text: Kaiserslautern

text: Frankfurt

text: Darmstadt

text: Mannheim

text: Ludwigshafen

text: Stuttgart

text: Augsburg

text: and

text: München

text: Munich

text: Nürnberg

text: On

text: Carnival

text: Thursday

text: called

text: Old

text: Women

text: Day

text: or

text: The

text: Women

text: 's

text: Day

text: in

text: commemoration

text: of

text: an

text: revolt

text: by

text: washer

text: women

text: women

text: storm

text: city

text: halls

text: cut

text: men

text: 's

text: ties

text: and

text: are

text: allowed

text: to

text: kiss

text: any

text: passing

text: man

question: Which Carnival is held in Germany's west?

answer: The "Rheinische"

text: The "Rheinische"

question: Cologne Carnival is one of the largest Carnivals and also is the most what?

answer: famous

text: famous

question: What is colloquially known as Old Women Day?

answer: Nürnberg. On Carnival Thursday

text: Nürnberg. On Carnival Thursday

question: Who revolted in 1824?

answer: washer-women

text: washer-women

question: What are the women who stormy city halls allowed to do to any passing man?

answer: kiss

text: kiss


text: By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of building: the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall, the gatehouse, the civic building, had been established in the Romanesque period.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: termed

text: Norman

text: architecture

text: in

text: England

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: Norman

text: invasion

text: was

text: established

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: provided

text: the

text: basic

text: architectural

text: forms

text: and

text: units

text: that

text: were

text: to

text: remain

text: in

text: evolution

text: throughout

text: the

text: Medieval

text: period

text: The

text: important

text: categories

text: of

text: building

text: the

text: cathedral

text: church

text: the

text: parish

text: church

text: the

text: monastery

text: the

text: castle

text: the

text: palace

text: the

text: great

text: hall

text: the

text: gatehouse

text: the

text: civic

text: building

text: had

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Romanesque

text: period

question: What is Romanesque architecture known as in England?

answer: Norman architecture

text: Norman architecture

question: By the beginning of what century was the Romanesque style established all over Europe?

answer: the 12th century

text: the 12th century

question: The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire  the basic architectural forms throughout which period?

answer: the Medieval period

text: the Medieval period

question: What is one important category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period?

answer: the cathedral church

text: the cathedral church

question: What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period?

answer: the palace

text: the palace

question: What is Romanesque architecture no longer known as in England?

text: Norman architecture

question: What century was the Romanesque style forgotten all over Europe?

text: the 12th century

question: What is one useless category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period?

text: the cathedral church

question: What is the only category of building that was demolished during the Romanesque period?

text: the palace


text: The French were unaware of German numerical superiority at the beginning of the battle as the German 2nd Army did not attack all at once. Treating the oncoming attacks as merely skirmishes, Frossard did not request additional support from other units. By the time he realized what kind of a force he was opposing, it was too late. Seriously flawed communications between Frossard and those in reserve under Bazaine slowed down so much that by the time the reserves received orders to move out to Spicheren, German soldiers from the 1st and 2nd armies had charged up the heights. Because the reserves had not arrived, Frossard erroneously believed that he was in grave danger of being outflanked as German soldiers under General von Glume were spotted in Forbach. Instead of continuing to defend the heights, by the close of battle after dusk he retreated to the south. The German casualties were relatively high due to the advance and the effectiveness of the chassepot rifle. They were quite startled in the morning when they had found out that their efforts were not in vain—Frossard had abandoned his position on the heights.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: French

text: were

text: unaware

text: of

text: German

text: numerical

text: superiority

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: battle

text: as

text: the

text: German

text: Army

text: did

text: not

text: attack

text: all

text: at

text: once

text: Treating

text: the

text: oncoming

text: attacks

text: as

text: merely

text: skirmishes

text: Frossard

text: did

text: not

text: request

text: additional

text: support

text: from

text: other

text: units

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: realized

text: what

text: kind

text: of

text: a

text: force

text: he

text: was

text: opposing

text: it

text: was

text: too

text: late

text: Seriously

text: flawed

text: communications

text: between

text: Frossard

text: and

text: those

text: in

text: reserve

text: under

text: Bazaine

text: slowed

text: down

text: so

text: much

text: that

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: reserves

text: received

text: orders

text: to

text: move

text: out

text: to

text: Spicheren

text: German

text: soldiers

text: from

text: the

text: and

text: armies

text: had

text: charged

text: up

text: the

text: heights

text: Because

text: the

text: reserves

text: had

text: not

text: arrived

text: Frossard

text: erroneously

text: believed

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: grave

text: danger

text: of

text: being

text: outflanked

text: as

text: German

text: soldiers

text: under

text: General

text: von

text: Glume

text: were

text: spotted

text: in

text: Forbach

text: Instead

text: of

text: continuing

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: heights

text: by

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: battle

text: after

text: dusk

text: he

text: retreated

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: German

text: casualties

text: were

text: relatively

text: high

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: advance

text: and

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: the

text: chassepot

text: rifle

text: They

text: were

text: quite

text: startled

text: in

text: the

text: morning

text: when

text: they

text: had

text: found

text: out

text: that

text: their

text: efforts

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: vain

text: Frossard

text: had

text: abandoned

text: his

text: position

text: on

text: the

text: heights

question: What factor were the French unaware of at the start of the battle?

answer: German numerical superiority

text: German numerical superiority

question: Which French commander miscalculated the severity of the battle?

answer: Frossard

text: Frossard

question: What was a key factor in Frossard's disasterous retreat to the south?

answer: Seriously flawed communications

text: Seriously flawed communications

question: What factor was credited to the large number of German casualties?

answer: effectiveness of the chassepot rifle

text: effectiveness of the chassepot rifle

question: What outcome surprised the Germans the following day?

answer: Frossard had abandoned his position

text: Frossard had abandoned his position


text: In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are seen as the eternal Buddha himself.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: In

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: the

text: Buddha

text: tends

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: merely

text: human

text: but

text: as

text: the

text: earthly

text: projection

text: of

text: a

text: beginningless

text: and

text: endless

text: omnipresent

text: being

text: see

text: Dharmakaya

text: beyond

text: the

text: range

text: and

text: reach

text: of

text: thought

text: Moreover

text: in

text: certain

text: Mahayana

text: sutras

text: the

text: Buddha

text: Dharma

text: and

text: Sangha

text: are

text: viewed

text: essentially

text: as

text: One

text: all

text: three

text: are

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: eternal

text: Buddha

text: himself

question: In the Mahayana, who is thought to be an omnipresent being?

answer: Buddha

text: Buddha

question: Who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought?

answer: Buddha

text: Buddha

question: In what sutras are the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha viewed as One?

answer: Mahayana

text: Mahayana