text: The Chihuahuan Desert is home to a diverse ecosystem which is home to a large variety of mammals. The most common mammals in the desert include: Desert cottontail Sylvilagus audubonii, black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus, hooded skunk Mephitis macroura, cactus mouse Peromyscus eremicus, swift fox Vulpes velox, white-throated woodrat Neotoma albigula, pallid bat Antrozous pallidus, and coyote Canis latrans. The most observed reptiles in the desert include: Mohave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus, twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei, prairie rattlesnake Crotalus viridis, ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi, whip snake Masticophis flagellum, New Mexico whiptail Cnemidophorus neomexicanus, and red-spotted toad Bufo punctatus.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: Chihuahuan

text: Desert

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: diverse

text: ecosystem

text: which

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: mammals

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: mammals

text: in

text: the

text: desert

text: include

text: Desert

text: cottontail

text: Sylvilagus

text: audubonii

text: black

text: tailed

text: jackrabbit

text: Lepus

text: californicus

text: hooded

text: skunk

text: Mephitis

text: macroura

text: cactus

text: mouse

text: Peromyscus

text: eremicus

text: swift

text: fox

text: Vulpes

text: velox

text: white

text: throated

text: woodrat

text: Neotoma

text: albigula

text: pallid

text: bat

text: Antrozous

text: pallidus

text: and

text: coyote

text: Canis

text: latrans

text: The

text: most

text: observed

text: reptiles

text: in

text: the

text: desert

text: include

text: Mohave

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: scutulatus

text: twin

text: spotted

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: pricei

text: prairie

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: viridis

text: ridge

text: nosed

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: willardi

text: whip

text: snake

text: Masticophis

text: flagellum

text: New

text: Mexico

text: whiptail

text: Cnemidophorus

text: neomexicanus

text: and

text: red

text: spotted

text: toad

text: Bufo

text: punctatus

question: The Chihuahuan Desert is home to many of which type of animal?

answer: mammals

text: mammals

question: Which type of reptile is most common in the desert?

answer: rattlesnake

text: rattlesnake

question: Mephitis macroura is which type of mammal?

answer: skunk

text: skunk


text: In 1853 the Russian Empire on behalf of the Slavic Balkan states began to question the very existence of the Ottoman Empire. The result was the Crimean War, 1853–1856, in which the British Empire and the French Empire supported the Ottoman Empire in its struggle against the incursions of the Russian Empire. Eventually, the Ottoman Empire lost control of the Balkan region.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: In

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: Slavic

text: Balkan

text: states

text: began

text: to

text: question

text: the

text: very

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Empire

text: supported

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: its

text: struggle

text: against

text: the

text: incursions

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Eventually

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: lost

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: region

question: When did the Russian Empire begin to question the existence of the Ottoman Empire?

answer: 1853

question: When was the Crimean War?

answer: 1853–1856

question: During the Crimean War who did the British and French support?

answer: the Ottoman Empire

text: the Ottoman Empire

question: What was the Ottoman Empire's struggle against in the Crimean War?

answer: the incursions of the Russian Empire

text: the incursions of the Russian Empire

question: The Ottoman Empire eventually lost control of what region?

answer: the Balkan region

text: the Balkan region


text: Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include The Breeze, previously The Saint and currently broadcasting Hot adult contemporary music, Capital, previously Power FM and Galaxy and broadcasting popular music, Wave 105 and Heart Hampshire, the latter previously Ocean FM and both broadcasting adult contemporary music, and 106 Jack FM (www.jackradio.com), previously The Coast 106. In addition, Southampton University has a radio station called SURGE, broadcasting on AM band as well as through the web.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Commercial

text: radio

text: stations

text: broadcasting

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: The

text: Breeze

text: previously

text: The

text: Saint

text: and

text: currently

text: broadcasting

text: Hot

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: music

text: Capital

text: previously

text: Power

text: FM

text: and

text: Galaxy

text: and

text: broadcasting

text: popular

text: music

text: Wave

text: and

text: Heart

text: Hampshire

text: the

text: latter

text: previously

text: Ocean

text: FM

text: and

text: both

text: broadcasting

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: music

text: and

text: Jack

text: FM

text: previously

text: The

text: Coast

text: In

text: addition

text: Southampton

text: University

text: has

text: a

text: radio

text: station

text: called

text: SURGE

text: broadcasting

text: on

text: AM

text: band

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: through

text: the

text: web

question: What's the new name of the station formerly known as The Saint?

answer: The Breeze

text: The Breeze

question: What genre of music is played on The Breeze?

answer: Hot adult contemporary

text: Hot adult contemporary

question: What was the old name of Heart Hampshire?

answer: Ocean FM

text: Ocean FM

question: What's Southampton University's radio station called?

answer: SURGE

text: SURGE

question: What kind of music does Wave 105 play?

answer: adult contemporary

text: adult contemporary


text: The Major League Baseball's preseason is also known as spring training. All MLB teams maintain a spring-training base in Arizona or Florida. The teams in Arizona make up the Cactus League, while the teams in Florida play in the Grapefruit League. Each team plays about 30 preseason games against other MLB teams. They may also play exhibitions against a local college team or a minor-league team from their farm system. Some days feature the team playing two games with two different rosters evenly divided up, which are known as "split-squad" games.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: The

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: 's

text: preseason

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: spring

text: training

text: All

text: MLB

text: teams

text: maintain

text: a

text: spring

text: training

text: base

text: in

text: Arizona

text: or

text: Florida

text: The

text: teams

text: in

text: Arizona

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: Cactus

text: League

text: while

text: the

text: teams

text: in

text: Florida

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: Grapefruit

text: League

text: Each

text: team

text: plays

text: about

text: preseason

text: games

text: against

text: other

text: MLB

text: teams

text: They

text: may

text: also

text: play

text: exhibitions

text: against

text: a

text: local

text: college

text: team

text: or

text: a

text: minor

text: league

text: team

text: from

text: their

text: farm

text: system

text: Some

text: days

text: feature

text: the

text: team

text: playing

text: two

text: games

text: with

text: two

text: different

text: rosters

text: evenly

text: divided

text: up

text: which

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: split

text: squad

text: games

question: Which states do MLB teams do spring training in?

answer: Arizona or Florida

text: Arizona or Florida

question: What is the MLB preseason league in Arizona called?

answer: Cactus League

text: Cactus League

question: What is the MLB preseason league in Florida called?

answer: Grapefruit League

text: Grapefruit League

question: How many preseason games does each MLB team play?

answer: about 30

text: about 30

question: What is it called when an MLB team plays two preseason games in one day with different rosters?

answer: "split-squad" games

text: "split-squad" games

question: What is the minor league baseball preseason known as?

text: spring training

question: Which MLB teams do spring training in Arkansas in Florida?

text: All MLB teams

question: How many preseason games are played against minor league teams?

text: 30 preseason games

question: What is it called when a team placed two games in the same day with the same roster?

text: "split-squad"

question: What type of games are sometimes played against high school or local college teams?

text: exhibitions


text: For Descartes, matter has only the property of extension, so its only activity aside from locomotion is to exclude other bodies: this is the mechanical philosophy. Descartes makes an absolute distinction between mind, which he defines as unextended, thinking substance, and matter, which he defines as unthinking, extended substance. They are independent things. In contrast, Aristotle defines matter and the formal/forming principle as complementary principles that together compose one independent thing (substance). In short, Aristotle defines matter (roughly speaking) as what things are actually made of (with a potential independent existence), but Descartes elevates matter to an actual independent thing in itself.

title: Matter

title: Matter

text: For

text: Descartes

text: matter

text: has

text: only

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: extension

text: so

text: its

text: only

text: activity

text: aside

text: from

text: locomotion

text: is

text: to

text: exclude

text: other

text: bodies

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: mechanical

text: philosophy

text: Descartes

text: makes

text: an

text: absolute

text: distinction

text: between

text: mind

text: which

text: he

text: defines

text: as

text: unextended

text: thinking

text: substance

text: and

text: matter

text: which

text: he

text: defines

text: as

text: unthinking

text: extended

text: substance

text: They

text: are

text: independent

text: things

text: In

text: contrast

text: Aristotle

text: defines

text: matter

text: and

text: the

text: formal

text: forming

text: principle

text: as

text: complementary

text: principles

text: that

text: together

text: compose

text: one

text: independent

text: thing

text: substance

text: In

text: short

text: Aristotle

text: defines

text: matter

text: roughly

text: speaking

text: as

text: what

text: things

text: are

text: actually

text: made

text: of

text: with

text: a

text: potential

text: independent

text: existence

text: but

text: Descartes

text: elevates

text: matter

text: to

text: an

text: actual

text: independent

text: thing

text: in

text: itself

question: What philosophy did Aristotle describe?

text: mechanical

question: What did Aristotle define as distinct from matter?

text: mind

question: How did Aristotle elevate matter?

question: What activity does locomotion have?

text: to exclude other bodies

question: How does Descartes use matter and the formal/forming principle?

text: as complementary principles


text: In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, was released and the Rio PMP300 was sold afterwards in 1998, despite legal suppression efforts by the RIAA.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: In

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: files

text: began

text: to

text: spread

text: on

text: the

text: Internet

text: The

text: popularity

text: of

text: began

text: to

text: rise

text: rapidly

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: Nullsoft

text: 's

text: audio

text: player

text: Winamp

text: released

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: portable

text: solid

text: state

text: digital

text: audio

text: player

text: MPMan

text: developed

text: by

text: SaeHan

text: Information

text: Systems

text: which

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Seoul

text: South

text: Korea

text: was

text: released

text: and

text: the

text: Rio

text: was

text: sold

text: afterwards

text: in

text: despite

text: legal

text: suppression

text: efforts

text: by

text: the

text: RIAA

question: Where did MP3s begin to spread?

answer: the Internet

text: the Internet

question: Which audio player was released in 1997?

answer: Winamp

text: Winamp

question: Who released the audio player?

answer: Nullsoft

text: Nullsoft

question: What was the name of the first portable solid state digital audio player?

answer: MPMan

text: MPMan

question: In which country was the first portable audio player developed?

answer: South Korea

text: South Korea


text: Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures, cisterns, aqueducts, and lighthouses. Spanning the ancient, medieval and early modern periods in Greater Somalia, it also includes the fusion of Somalo-Islamic architecture with Western designs in contemporary times.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: architecture

text: is

text: a

text: rich

text: and

text: diverse

text: tradition

text: of

text: engineering

text: and

text: designing

text: It

text: involves

text: multiple

text: different

text: construction

text: types

text: such

text: as

text: stone

text: cities

text: castles

text: citadels

text: fortresses

text: mosques

text: mausoleums

text: towers

text: tombs

text: tumuli

text: cairns

text: megaliths

text: menhirs

text: stelae

text: dolmens

text: stone

text: circles

text: monuments

text: temples

text: enclosures

text: cisterns

text: aqueducts

text: and

text: lighthouses

text: Spanning

text: the

text: ancient

text: medieval

text: and

text: early

text: modern

text: periods

text: in

text: Greater

text: Somalia

text: it

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: fusion

text: of

text: Somalo

text: Islamic

text: architecture

text: with

text: Western

text: designs

text: in

text: contemporary

text: times

question: Along with Somalo-Islamic architecture, what influences modern Somali architecture?

answer: Western designs

text: Western designs

question: Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist?

answer: medieval

text: medieval

question: What material was used to make Somali cities?

answer: stone

text: stone


text: The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Services category is for services like Netflix and/or if PlayTV or torne is installed; the first category in this section is "My Channels", which lets users download various streaming services, including Sony's own streaming services Crackle and PlayStation Vue. By default, the What's New section of PlayStation Network is displayed when the system starts up. PS3 includes the ability to store various master and secondary user profiles, manage and explore photos with or without a musical slide show, play music and copy audio CD tracks to an attached data storage device, play movies and video files from the hard disk drive, an optical disc (Blu-ray Disc or DVD-Video) or an optional USB mass storage or Flash card, compatibility for a USB keyboard and mouse and a web browser supporting compatible-file download function. Additionally, UPnP media will appear in the respective audio/video/photo categories if a compatible media server or DLNA server is detected on the local network. The Friends menu allows mail with emoticon and attached picture features and video chat which requires an optional PlayStation Eye or EyeToy webcam. The Network menu allows online shopping through the PlayStation Store and connectivity to PlayStation Portable via Remote Play.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: The

text: standard

text: PlayStation

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: XrossMediaBar

text: pronounced

text: Cross

text: Media

text: Bar

text: or

text: abbreviated

text: XMB

text: includes

text: nine

text: categories

text: of

text: options

text: These

text: are

text: Users

text: Settings

text: Photo

text: Music

text: Video

text: TV

text: Video

text: Services

text: Game

text: Network

text: PlayStation

text: Network

text: and

text: Friends

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Portable

text: media

text: bar

text: TheTV

text: Video

text: Services

text: category

text: is

text: for

text: services

text: like

text: Netflix

text: and/or

text: if

text: PlayTV

text: or

text: torne

text: is

text: installed

text: the

text: first

text: category

text: in

text: this

text: section

text: is

text: My

text: Channels

text: which

text: lets

text: users

text: download

text: various

text: streaming

text: services

text: including

text: Sony

text: 's

text: own

text: streaming

text: services

text: Crackle

text: and

text: PlayStation

text: Vue

text: By

text: default

text: the

text: What

text: 's

text: New

text: section

text: of

text: PlayStation

text: Network

text: is

text: displayed

text: when

text: the

text: system

text: starts

text: up

text: includes

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: store

text: various

text: master

text: and

text: secondary

text: user

text: profiles

text: manage

text: and

text: explore

text: photos

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: a

text: musical

text: slide

text: show

text: play

text: music

text: and

text: copy

text: audio

text: CD

text: tracks

text: to

text: an

text: attached

text: data

text: storage

text: device

text: play

text: movies

text: and

text: video

text: files

text: from

text: the

text: hard

text: disk

text: drive

text: an

text: optical

text: disc

text: Blu

text: ray

text: Disc

text: or

text: DVD

text: Video

text: or

text: an

text: optional

text: USB

text: mass

text: storage

text: or

text: Flash

text: card

text: compatibility

text: for

text: a

text: USB

text: keyboard

text: and

text: mouse

text: and

text: a

text: web

text: browser

text: supporting

text: compatible

text: file

text: download

text: function

text: Additionally

text: UPnP

text: media

text: will

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: respective

text: audio

text: video

text: photo

text: categories

text: if

text: a

text: compatible

text: media

text: server

text: or

text: DLNA

text: server

text: is

text: detected

text: on

text: the

text: local

text: network

text: The

text: Friends

text: menu

text: allows

text: mail

text: with

text: emoticon

text: and

text: attached

text: picture

text: features

text: and

text: video

text: chat

text: which

text: requires

text: an

text: optional

text: PlayStation

text: Eye

text: or

text: EyeToy

text: webcam

text: The

text: Network

text: menu

text: allows

text: online

text: shopping

text: through

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Store

text: and

text: connectivity

text: to

text: PlayStation

text: Portable

text: via

text: Remote

text: Play

question: How is "XrossMediaBar" abbreviated?

answer: XMB

text: XMB

question: How many options categories display in the standard PS3 XrossMediaBar?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: One of Sony's streaming services is the PlayStation Vue; what's the other one called?

answer: Crackle

text: Crackle

question: When you start up your PS3, what's the first section of the PS Network you see?

answer: What's New

text: What's New

question: What menu would you use to set up a video chat?

answer: Friends

text: Friends

question: What is displayed when the system shuts down?

text: What's New

question: PS4 is able to store what kind of profiles?

text: master and secondary user

question: PS4 has what kind of optional storage?

text: USB mass

question: PS4 is compatible with what kind of keyboard?

text: USB

question: How is "XrossMediaBar" unabbreviated?

text: XMB

question: How many options categories display in the standard PS4 XrossMediaBar?

text: nine

question: One of Sony's streaming services is the PlayStation Rue; what's the other one called?

text: Crackle

question: When you start up your PS3, what's the last section of the PS Network you see?

text: What's New

question: What menu would you use to set up an audio chat?

text: Friends


text: In 2004, a large share of natural gas reserves in Iran were untapped. The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2004, Iran opened its first wind-powered and geothermal plants, and the first solar thermal plant is to come online in 2009. Iran is the third country in the world to have developed GTL technology.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: In

text: a

text: large

text: share

text: of

text: natural

text: gas

text: reserves

text: in

text: Iran

text: were

text: untapped

text: The

text: addition

text: of

text: new

text: hydroelectric

text: stations

text: and

text: the

text: streamlining

text: of

text: conventional

text: coal

text: and

text: oil

text: fired

text: stations

text: increased

text: installed

text: capacity

text: to

text: megawatts

text: Of

text: that

text: amount

text: about

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: natural

text: gas

text: on

text: oil

text: and

text: on

text: hydroelectric

text: power

text: In

text: Iran

text: opened

text: its

text: first

text: wind

text: powered

text: and

text: geothermal

text: plants

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: solar

text: thermal

text: plant

text: is

text: to

text: come

text: online

text: in

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: have

text: developed

text: GTL

text: technology

question: When did Iran open its first wind-powered plants?

answer: 2004

question: When did Iran open its first geothermal plants?

answer: 2004

question: How much did Iran's installed capacity of power increase to after it added new hydroelectric power in 2004?

answer: 33,000 megawatts

text: 33,000 megawatts

question: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on natural gas?

answer: 75%

question: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on oil?

answer: 18%


text: The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: The

text: Times

text: used

text: contributions

text: from

text: significant

text: figures

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: politics

text: science

text: literature

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: to

text: build

text: its

text: reputation

text: For

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: early

text: life

text: the

text: profits

text: of

text: The

text: Times

text: were

text: very

text: large

text: and

text: the

text: competition

text: minimal

text: so

text: it

text: could

text: pay

text: far

text: better

text: than

text: its

text: rivals

text: for

text: information

text: or

text: writers

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: paper

text: was

text: printed

text: on

text: the

text: new

text: steam

text: driven

text: cylinder

text: press

text: developed

text: by

text: Friedrich

text: Koenig

text: In

text: The

text: Times

text: had

text: a

text: circulation

text: of

question: In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people?

answer: 5,000

question: Beginning in 1814, The Times was printed using what new kind of press?

answer: steam-driven cylinder press

text: steam-driven cylinder press

question: The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what?

answer: reputation

text: reputation

question: Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times?

answer: Friedrich Koenig

text: Friedrich Koenig


text: Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastrophic failure. The code previously permitted only single-bottom hydraulic cylinders. In the event of a cylinder breach, the fluid loss results in uncontrolled down movement of the elevator. This creates two significant hazards: being subject to an impact at the bottom when the elevator stops suddenly and being in the entrance for a potential shear if the rider is partly in the elevator. Because it is impossible to verify the system at all times, the code requires periodic testing of the pressure capability. Another solution to protect against a cylinder blowout is to install a plunger gripping device. One commercially available is known by the marketing name "LifeJacket". This is a device which, in the event of an uncontrolled downward acceleration, nondestructively grips the plunger and stops the car. A device known as an overspeed or rupture valve is attached to the hydraulic inlet/outlet of the cylinder and is adjusted for a maximum flow rate. If a pipe or hose were to break (rupture), the flow rate of the rupture valve will surpass a set limit and mechanically stop the outlet flow of hydraulic fluid, thus stopping the plunger and the car in the down direction.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Past

text: problems

text: with

text: hydraulic

text: elevators

text: include

text: underground

text: electrolytic

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: cylinder

text: and

text: bulkhead

text: pipe

text: failures

text: and

text: control

text: failures

text: Single

text: bulkhead

text: cylinders

text: typically

text: built

text: prior

text: to

text: a

text: ASME

text: Elevator

text: Safety

text: Code

text: change

text: requiring

text: a

text: second

text: dished

text: bulkhead

text: were

text: subject

text: to

text: possible

text: catastrophic

text: failure

text: The

text: code

text: previously

text: permitted

text: only

text: single

text: bottom

text: hydraulic

text: cylinders

text: In

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: a

text: cylinder

text: breach

text: the

text: fluid

text: loss

text: results

text: in

text: uncontrolled

text: down

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: elevator

text: This

text: creates

text: two

text: significant

text: hazards

text: being

text: subject

text: to

text: an

text: impact

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: when

text: the

text: elevator

text: stops

text: suddenly

text: and

text: being

text: in

text: the

text: entrance

text: for

text: a

text: potential

text: shear

text: if

text: the

text: rider

text: is

text: partly

text: in

text: the

text: elevator

text: Because

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: to

text: verify

text: the

text: system

text: at

text: all

text: times

text: the

text: code

text: requires

text: periodic

text: testing

text: of

text: the

text: pressure

text: capability

text: Another

text: solution

text: to

text: protect

text: against

text: a

text: cylinder

text: blowout

text: is

text: to

text: install

text: a

text: plunger

text: gripping

text: device

text: One

text: commercially

text: available

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: marketing

text: name

text: LifeJacket

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: device

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: an

text: uncontrolled

text: downward

text: acceleration

text: nondestructively

text: grips

text: the

text: plunger

text: and

text: stops

text: the

text: car

text: A

text: device

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: overspeed

text: or

text: rupture

text: valve

text: is

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: hydraulic

text: inlet

text: outlet

text: of

text: the

text: cylinder

text: and

text: is

text: adjusted

text: for

text: a

text: maximum

text: flow

text: rate

text: If

text: a

text: pipe

text: or

text: hose

text: were

text: to

text: break

text: rupture

text: the

text: flow

text: rate

text: of

text: the

text: rupture

text: valve

text: will

text: surpass

text: a

text: set

text: limit

text: and

text: mechanically

text: stop

text: the

text: outlet

text: flow

text: of

text: hydraulic

text: fluid

text: thus

text: stopping

text: the

text: plunger

text: and

text: the

text: car

text: in

text: the

text: down

text: direction

question: Underground electrolytic malfunctions in hydraulic elevators can result in the destruction of what?

answer: the cylinder and bulkhead

text: the cylinder and bulkhead

question: What Elevator Safety Code change required a second dished bulkhead?

answer: 1972 ASME A17.1

text: 1972 ASME A17.1

question: Before the code change was enacted what was the only permitted hydraulic cylinder type?

answer: single-bottom

text: single-bottom

question: Once the cylinder is breached, what calamity does the loss of fluid cause?

answer: uncontrolled down movement of the elevator

text: uncontrolled down movement of the elevator

question: What testing does the code require?

answer: periodic testing of the pressure capability

text: periodic testing of the pressure capability


text: Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are religious.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Texts

text: on

text: architecture

text: have

text: been

text: written

text: since

text: ancient

text: time

text: These

text: texts

text: provided

text: both

text: general

text: advice

text: and

text: specific

text: formal

text: prescriptions

text: or

text: canons

text: Some

text: examples

text: of

text: canons

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Roman

text: Architect

text: Vitruvius

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: early

text: examples

text: of

text: canonic

text: architecture

text: are

text: religious

question: When were architectural writings first made?

answer: ancient time

text: ancient time

question: Aside from general advice what did the texts contain?

answer: specific formal prescriptions

text: specific formal prescriptions

question: What is another term for specific formal prescriptions?

answer: canons

text: canons

question: When did Vitruvius write his canons?

answer: 1st-century BCE

text: 1st-century BCE

question: What is a significant early architectural canonical type?

answer: religious

text: religious

question: When were architectural writings last made?

text: ancient time

question: Aside from general advice what did the texts not contain?

text: specific formal prescriptions or canons

question: What is another term for specific informal prescriptions?

text: canons

question: Who wrote canons in 2nd century BCE?

text: Architect Vitruvius

question: What is an insignificant early architectural canonical type?

text: religious


text: The success of the British Commandos during World War II prompted U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to authorize the creation of an intelligence service modeled after the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and Special Operations Executive. This led to the creation of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). On September 20, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, Harry S. Truman signed an executive order dissolving the OSS, and by October 1945 its functions had been divided between the Departments of State and War. The division lasted only a few months. The first public mention of the "Central Intelligence Agency" appeared on a command-restructuring proposal presented by Jim Forrestal and Arthur Radford to the U.S. Senate Military Affairs Committee at the end of 1945. Despite opposition from the military establishment, the United States Department of State and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Truman established the National Intelligence Authority in January 1946, which was the direct predecessor of the CIA. Its operational extension was known as the Central Intelligence Group (CIG)

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Commandos

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: prompted

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: to

text: authorize

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: intelligence

text: service

text: modeled

text: after

text: the

text: British

text: Secret

text: Intelligence

text: Service

text: and

text: Special

text: Operations

text: Executive

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Strategic

text: Services

text: OSS

text: On

text: September

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Harry

text: S.

text: Truman

text: signed

text: an

text: executive

text: order

text: dissolving

text: the

text: OSS

text: and

text: by

text: October

text: its

text: functions

text: had

text: been

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Departments

text: of

text: State

text: and

text: War

text: The

text: division

text: lasted

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: The

text: first

text: public

text: mention

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: appeared

text: on

text: a

text: command

text: restructuring

text: proposal

text: presented

text: by

text: Jim

text: Forrestal

text: and

text: Arthur

text: Radford

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: Military

text: Affairs

text: Committee

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Despite

text: opposition

text: from

text: the

text: military

text: establishment

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: State

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: FBI

text: Truman

text: established

text: the

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: Authority

text: in

text: January

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: direct

text: predecessor

text: of

text: the

text: CIA

text: Its

text: operational

text: extension

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Group

text: CIG

question: What president authorized the creation of the intelligence service?

answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

question: Who's secret intelligence service was the US's modeled after?

answer: British

text: British

question: What does OSS stand for?

answer: Office of Strategic Services

text: Office of Strategic Services

question: Who signed the order to get rid of the OSS?

answer: Harry S. Truman

text: Harry S. Truman

question: In what year was the OSS dissolved?

answer: 1945


text: In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: after

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: Parliament

text: strengthened

text: its

text: position

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: monarch

text: then

text: gained

text: more

text: power

text: through

text: the

text: Glorious

text: Revolution

text: of

text: and

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

text: in

text: The

text: monarch

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: establish

text: any

text: law

text: or

text: impose

text: any

text: tax

text: without

text: its

text: permission

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: became

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: It

text: is

text: at

text: this

text: point

text: that

text: a

text: modern

text: style

text: of

text: prime

text: minister

text: begins

text: to

text: emerge

question: What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?

answer: Glorious Revolution

text: Glorious Revolution

question: What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?

answer: Bill of Rights

text: Bill of Rights

question: What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights?

answer: House of Commons

text: House of Commons

question: What war took place in the 1700's?

text: English Civil War

question: What war strenthened the monarchs position?

text: English Civil War

question: What Revolution took place in the 17th century?

text: Glorious Revolution

question: What bill was passed in the 17th century?

text: Bill of Rights

question: What bill gave the monarch the power to establish law and impose taxes?

text: Bill of Rights


text: After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: After

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: Sicily

text: was

text: handed

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: Savoia

text: but

text: by

text: it

text: was

text: again

text: a

text: Bourbon

text: possession

text: Charles

text: III

text: chose

text: Palermo

text: for

text: his

text: coronation

text: as

text: King

text: of

text: Sicily

text: Charles

text: had

text: new

text: houses

text: built

text: for

text: the

text: growing

text: population

text: while

text: trade

text: and

text: industry

text: grew

text: as

text: well

text: However

text: by

text: now

text: Palermo

text: was

text: now

text: just

text: another

text: provincial

text: city

text: as

text: the

text: Royal

text: Court

text: resided

text: in

text: Naples

text: Charles

text: son

text: Ferdinand

text: though

text: disliked

text: by

text: the

text: population

text: took

text: refuge

text: in

text: Palermo

text: after

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: in

text: His

text: son

text: Alberto

text: died

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: Palermo

text: and

text: is

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: When

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Two

text: Sicilies

text: was

text: founded

text: the

text: original

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Palermo

text: but

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: moved

text: to

text: Naples

question: After what treaty did Savoia gain control of Italy?

answer: Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

text: Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

question: For what event did Charles III choose Sicily as the location?

answer: his coronation

text: his coronation

question: Where did the Royal Court reside?

answer: Naples

text: Naples

question: Where did the capital city move in 1817?

answer: Naples

text: Naples

question: Whose son died on the way to Palermo and is buried there?

answer: Charles III

text: Charles III

question: What treaty caused the Savoy to loose Sicily?

text: Treaty of Utrecht

question: Where was Charles the II crowned King of Sicily?

text: Palermo

question: What court resided in Palermo?

text: Royal Court

question: Who took refuge in Palermo in the 17th century?

text: Ferdinand

question: What became the capital of the Two Sicilies after Naples?

text: Palermo


text: In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: post

text: war

text: years

text: Tito

text: was

text: widely

text: considered

text: a

text: communist

text: leader

text: very

text: loyal

text: to

text: Moscow

text: indeed

text: he

text: was

text: often

text: viewed

text: as

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: Stalin

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: In

text: fact

text: Stalin

text: and

text: Tito

text: had

text: an

text: uneasy

text: alliance

text: from

text: the

text: start

text: with

text: Stalin

text: considering

text: Tito

text: too

text: independent

question: Who was Tito considered loyal to?

answer: Moscow

text: Moscow

question: Who was Tito considered second to in the Eastern bloc?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin

question: With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin

question: Who considered Tito too independent?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin

question: Who was considered loyal to Moscow?

answer: Tito

text: Tito


text: Lilius's proposals had two components. Firstly, he proposed a correction to the length of the year. The mean tropical year is 365.24219 days long. As the average length of a Julian year is 365.25 days, the Julian year is almost 11 minutes longer than the mean tropical year. The discrepancy results in a drift of about three days every 400 years. Lilius's proposal resulted in an average year of 365.2425 days (see Accuracy). At the time of Gregory's reform there had already been a drift of 10 days since the Council of Nicaea, resulting in the vernal equinox falling on 10 or 11 March instead of the ecclesiastically fixed date of 21 March, and if unreformed it would drift further. Lilius proposed that the 10-day drift should be corrected by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences over a period of forty years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Lilius

text: 's

text: proposals

text: had

text: two

text: components

text: Firstly

text: he

text: proposed

text: a

text: correction

text: to

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: is

text: days

text: long

text: As

text: the

text: average

text: length

text: of

text: a

text: Julian

text: year

text: is

text: days

text: the

text: Julian

text: year

text: is

text: almost

text: minutes

text: longer

text: than

text: the

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: The

text: discrepancy

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: drift

text: of

text: about

text: three

text: days

text: every

text: years

text: Lilius

text: 's

text: proposal

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: average

text: year

text: of

text: days

text: see

text: Accuracy

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Gregory

text: 's

text: reform

text: there

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: a

text: drift

text: of

text: days

text: since

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: vernal

text: equinox

text: falling

text: on

text: or

text: March

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: ecclesiastically

text: fixed

text: date

text: of

text: March

text: and

text: if

text: unreformed

text: it

text: would

text: drift

text: further

text: Lilius

text: proposed

text: that

text: the

text: drift

text: should

text: be

text: corrected

text: by

text: deleting

text: the

text: Julian

text: leap

text: day

text: on

text: each

text: of

text: its

text: ten

text: occurrences

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: forty

text: years

text: thereby

text: providing

text: for

text: a

text: gradual

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: equinox

text: to

text: March

question: What did Lilius first propose to correct in the calendar?

answer: length of the year

text: length of the year

question: By how much is the Julian calendar too long?

answer: 11 minutes

text: 11 minutes

question: How much difference does the extra 11 minutes make over 400 years time?

answer: three days

text: three days

question: On what date was the original vernal equinox set?

answer: 21 March

text: 21 March

question: By the time of Lilius where was the equinox falling?

answer: 10 or 11 March

text: 10 or 11 March

question: Who proposed lengthening the year?

text: Lilius's

question: Which year was eleven minutes too short?

text: Julian year

question: What causes an extra three days every 400 years in the Gregorian calendar?

question: What was originally set as March 25?

text: vernal equinox

question: What did Gregory propose deleting to correct the ten day drift?


text: On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed through torrential rain in defiance of a ban by local authorities. Later, they gathered in the city center near the government's headquarters, where speakers demanded resignation of Yefrem Sokolov, the republic's Communist Party leader, and called for the evacuation of half a million people from the contaminated zones.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: September

text: thousands

text: of

text: Belorussians

text: denouncing

text: local

text: leaders

text: marched

text: through

text: Minsk

text: to

text: demand

text: additional

text: cleanup

text: of

text: the

text: Chernobyl

text: disaster

text: site

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: Up

text: to

text: protesters

text: wearing

text: armbands

text: bearing

text: radioactivity

text: symbols

text: and

text: carrying

text: the

text: banned

text: red

text: and

text: white

text: Belorussian

text: national

text: flag

text: filed

text: through

text: torrential

text: rain

text: in

text: defiance

text: of

text: a

text: ban

text: by

text: local

text: authorities

text: Later

text: they

text: gathered

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: near

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: where

text: speakers

text: demanded

text: resignation

text: of

text: Yefrem

text: Sokolov

text: the

text: republic

text: 's

text: Communist

text: Party

text: leader

text: and

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: contaminated

text: zones

question: What did the Belorussians wish to be cleaned up?

answer: Chernobyl disaster site

text: Chernobyl disaster site

question: Where did the Chernobyl Disaster occur?

answer: Ukraine

text: Ukraine

question: When did the Chernobyl disaster happen?

answer: 1986

question: What symbol did the protesters wear on their arms?

answer: radioactivity symbols

text: radioactivity symbols

question: How was the weather during the protest?

answer: torrential rain

text: torrential rain


text: Film speed is found from a plot of optical density vs. log of exposure for the film, known as the D–log H curve or Hurter–Driffield curve. There typically are five regions in the curve: the base + fog, the toe, the linear region, the shoulder, and the overexposed region. For black-and-white negative film, the “speed point” m is the point on the curve where density exceeds the base + fog density by 0.1 when the negative is developed so that a point n where the log of exposure is 1.3 units greater than the exposure at point m has a density 0.8 greater than the density at point m. The exposure Hm, in lux-s, is that for point m when the specified contrast condition is satisfied. The ISO arithmetic speed is determined from:

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: Film

text: speed

text: is

text: found

text: from

text: a

text: plot

text: of

text: optical

text: density

text: vs.

text: log

text: of

text: exposure

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: D

text: log

text: H

text: curve

text: or

text: Hurter

text: Driffield

text: curve

text: There

text: typically

text: are

text: five

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: curve

text: the

text: base

text: fog

text: the

text: toe

text: the

text: linear

text: region

text: the

text: shoulder

text: and

text: the

text: overexposed

text: region

text: For

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: negative

text: film

text: the

text: speed

text: point

text: m

text: is

text: the

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: curve

text: where

text: density

text: exceeds

text: the

text: base

text: fog

text: density

text: by

text: when

text: the

text: negative

text: is

text: developed

text: so

text: that

text: a

text: point

text: n

text: where

text: the

text: log

text: of

text: exposure

text: is

text: units

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: exposure

text: at

text: point

text: m

text: has

text: a

text: density

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: density

text: at

text: point

text: m.

text: The

text: exposure

text: Hm

text: in

text: lux

text: s

text: is

text: that

text: for

text: point

text: m

text: when

text: the

text: specified

text: contrast

text: condition

text: is

text: satisfied

text: The

text: ISO

text: arithmetic

text: speed

text: is

text: determined

text: from

question: What is the plot from which film speed is derived called?

answer: the D–log H curve or Hurter–Driffield curve

text: the D–log H curve or Hurter–Driffield curve

question: How many regions does the Hurter-Driffield curve have?

answer: five

text: five

question: What is plotted in the Hurter-Driffield curve?

answer: a plot of optical density vs. log of exposure for the film

text: a plot of optical density vs. log of exposure for the film

question: What is denoted when the specified contrast condition is met?

answer: The exposure Hm, in lux-s

text: The exposure Hm, in lux-s

question: What are the five regions of the Hurter-Driffield curve?

answer: the base + fog, the toe, the linear region, the shoulder, and the overexposed region

text: the base + fog, the toe, the linear region, the shoulder, and the overexposed region

question: What is film speed combined with to produce optical density?

text: log of exposure

question: What is a plot of film speed vs. log of exposure called?

text: the D–log H curve

question: How many speed points are there in a black and white film?

text: five

question: What is the point at which density is 0.1 less than the base + fog?

text: the “speed point”

question: What is the ISO arithmetic speed?

text: The exposure Hm, in lux-s


text: The cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP) in 2007 endorsed micro-USB as the standard connector for data and power on mobile devices In addition, on 22 October 2009 the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has also announced that it had embraced micro-USB as the Universal Charging Solution its "energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution," and added: "Based on the Micro-USB interface, UCS chargers also include a 4-star or higher efficiency rating—up to three times more energy-efficient than an unrated charger."

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: cellular

text: phone

text: carrier

text: group

text: Open

text: Mobile

text: Terminal

text: Platform

text: OMTP

text: in

text: endorsed

text: micro

text: USB

text: as

text: the

text: standard

text: connector

text: for

text: data

text: and

text: power

text: on

text: mobile

text: devices

text: In

text: addition

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: International

text: Telecommunication

text: Union

text: ITU

text: has

text: also

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: embraced

text: micro

text: USB

text: as

text: the

text: Universal

text: Charging

text: Solution

text: its

text: energy

text: efficient

text: one

text: charger

text: fits

text: all

text: new

text: mobile

text: phone

text: solution

text: and

text: added

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: Micro

text: USB

text: interface

text: UCS

text: chargers

text: also

text: include

text: a

text: or

text: higher

text: efficiency

text: rating—up

text: to

text: three

text: times

text: more

text: energy

text: efficient

text: than

text: an

text: unrated

text: charger

question: In 2007 who endorsed micro-USB as the standard connector for data and power on mobile devices?

answer: The cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform

text: The cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform

question: When did the ITU announce that it had embraced micro-USB as the Universal Charging Solution?

answer: 22 October 2009

text: 22 October 2009

question: What has energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution?

answer: micro-USB

text: micro-USB


text: Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: Since

text: October

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: has

text: dominated

text: digital

text: music

text: player

text: sales

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: for

text: hard

text: drive

text: based

text: players

text: and

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: for

text: all

text: types

text: of

text: players

text: During

text: the

text: year

text: from

text: January

text: to

text: January

text: the

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: sales

text: caused

text: its

text: U.S.

text: market

text: share

text: to

text: increase

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: in

text: July

text: this

text: market

text: share

text: was

text: measured

text: at

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: iPod

text: market

text: share

text: reached

text: according

text: to

text: Bloomberg

text: Online

question: What share of the US digital music player market does iPod hold?

answer: 90%

question: When did iPod become the leader in digital music device sales?

answer: 2004

question: How much of the market did iPod claim as of January 2007?

answer: 72.7%

question: Who reported Apple's market share in 2007?

answer: Bloomberg Online

text: Bloomberg Online

question: Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004?

answer: 90%

question: Approximately what percentage of the overall music player market does the iPod line have?

answer: 70%

question: What did the iPod's US market share peak at in 2005?

answer: 74%


text: In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and where, without interference of the police, the realization of the private right would be impeded. This would, for example, allow police to establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper in a case where the guest cannot pay the bill at nighttime because his wallet had just been stolen from the restaurant table.

title: Police

title: Police

text: In

text: contrast

text: the

text: police

text: are

text: entitled

text: to

text: protect

text: private

text: rights

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: To

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: police

text: would

text: not

text: interfere

text: in

text: the

text: regular

text: competencies

text: of

text: the

text: courts

text: of

text: law

text: some

text: police

text: acts

text: require

text: that

text: the

text: police

text: may

text: only

text: interfere

text: in

text: such

text: cases

text: where

text: protection

text: from

text: courts

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: obtained

text: in

text: time

text: and

text: where

text: without

text: interference

text: of

text: the

text: police

text: the

text: realization

text: of

text: the

text: private

text: right

text: would

text: be

text: impeded

text: This

text: would

text: for

text: example

text: allow

text: police

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: restaurant

text: guest

text: 's

text: identity

text: and

text: forward

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: innkeeper

text: in

text: a

text: case

text: where

text: the

text: guest

text: can

text: not

text: pay

text: the

text: bill

text: at

text: nighttime

text: because

text: his

text: wallet

text: had

text: just

text: been

text: stolen

text: from

text: the

text: restaurant

text: table

question: Why do some police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders?

answer: To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law

text: To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law

question: What could be impeded without police interference?

answer: the realization of the private right

text: the realization of the private right

question: How could police help the owner when a restaurant guest doesn't pay because their wallet got stolen?

answer: establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper

text: establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper

question: Why do all police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders?

question: Why do some police acts limit when police can aid without court orders?

question: What could be unimpeded without police interference?

text: the realization of the private right

question: What couldn't be impeded without police interference?

text: the realization of the private right

question: How couldn't police help the owner when a restaurant guest doesn't pay because their wallet got stolen?


text: At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he was the last surviving cardinal who was not at least ordained a priest. With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals. Since the time of Pope John XXIII a priest who is appointed a cardinal must be consecrated a bishop, unless he obtains a dispensation.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: At

text: various

text: times

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: cardinals

text: who

text: had

text: only

text: received

text: first

text: tonsure

text: and

text: minor

text: orders

text: but

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: ordained

text: as

text: deacons

text: or

text: priests

text: Though

text: clerics

text: they

text: were

text: inaccurately

text: called

text: lay

text: cardinals

text: and

text: were

text: permitted

text: to

text: marry

text: Teodolfo

text: Mertel

text: was

text: among

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: lay

text: cardinals

text: When

text: he

text: died

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: surviving

text: cardinal

text: who

text: was

text: not

text: at

text: least

text: ordained

text: a

text: priest

text: With

text: the

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Canon

text: Law

text: promulgated

text: in

text: by

text: Pope

text: Benedict

text: XV

text: only

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: already

text: priests

text: or

text: bishops

text: may

text: be

text: appointed

text: cardinals

text: Since

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: a

text: priest

text: who

text: is

text: appointed

text: a

text: cardinal

text: must

text: be

text: consecrated

text: a

text: bishop

text: unless

text: he

text: obtains

text: a

text: dispensation

question: What was a "lay cardinal" allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?

answer: marry

text: marry

question: In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law?

answer: 1917

question: What did the Code of Canon Law state in regards to Cardinals?

answer: only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals

text: only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals

question: What was a lay cardinal not allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal?

text: marry

question: Who was among the first lay cardinal?

text: Teodolfo Mertel

question: What year did Pope Benedict X revise the Code of Canon Law?

question: Who may not be appointed cardinals according the revision of Code of Cannon Law?


text: More-or-less independent circadian rhythms are found in many organs and cells in the body outside the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the "master clock". These clocks, called peripheral oscillators, are found in the adrenal gland,[citation needed] oesophagus, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, thymus, and skin.[citation needed] Though oscillators in the skin respond to light, a systemic influence has not been proven. There is also some evidence that the olfactory bulb and prostate may experience oscillations when cultured, suggesting that these structures may also be weak oscillators.[citation needed]

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: More

text: or

text: less

text: independent

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: many

text: organs

text: and

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: outside

text: the

text: suprachiasmatic

text: nuclei

text: SCN

text: the

text: master

text: clock

text: These

text: clocks

text: called

text: peripheral

text: oscillators

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: adrenal

text: gland,[citation

text: needed

text: oesophagus

text: lungs

text: liver

text: pancreas

text: spleen

text: thymus

text: and

text: skin.[citation

text: needed

text: Though

text: oscillators

text: in

text: the

text: skin

text: respond

text: to

text: light

text: a

text: systemic

text: influence

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: proven

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: some

text: evidence

text: that

text: the

text: olfactory

text: bulb

text: and

text: prostate

text: may

text: experience

text: oscillations

text: when

text: cultured

text: suggesting

text: that

text: these

text: structures

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: weak

text: oscillators.[citation

text: needed

question: Where else beside the SCN cells are independent circadian rhythms also found?

answer: organs and cells

text: organs and cells

question: What is the term for the independent clocks?

answer: peripheral oscillators

text: peripheral oscillators

question: What is the SCN considered to be in comparison to the peripheral oscillators?

answer: master clock

text: master clock

question: In what body gland are the peripheral oscillators located?

answer: adrenal gland

text: adrenal gland

question: To what do oscillators in the skin respond?

answer: light

text: light

question: Where are dependent circadian rythems found?

text: in many organs and cells

question: What is the term for dependent clocks?

text: peripheral oscillators

question: What in the skin responds to temperature?

text: oscillators

question: What structures are strong oscillators?

text: olfactory bulb and prostate


text: The word "dollar" is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. In that context, "dollars" is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U.S. Congress adopted legislation titled An act establishing a mint, and regulating the Coins of the United States. Section 9 of that act authorized the production of various coins, including "DOLLARS OR UNITS—each to be of the value of a Spanish milled dollar as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver". Section 20 of the act provided, "That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units... and that all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation". In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: The

text: word

text: dollar

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: words

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: paragraph

text: of

text: Section

text: of

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Constitution

text: In

text: that

text: context

text: dollars

text: is

text: a

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: milled

text: dollar

text: a

text: coin

text: that

text: had

text: a

text: monetary

text: value

text: of

text: Spanish

text: units

text: of

text: currency

text: or

text: reales

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Congress

text: adopted

text: legislation

text: titled

text: An

text: act

text: establishing

text: a

text: mint

text: and

text: regulating

text: the

text: Coins

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Section

text: of

text: that

text: act

text: authorized

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: various

text: coins

text: including

text: DOLLARS

text: OR

text: UNITS

text: each

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: a

text: Spanish

text: milled

text: dollar

text: as

text: the

text: same

text: is

text: now

text: current

text: and

text: to

text: contain

text: three

text: hundred

text: and

text: seventy

text: one

text: grains

text: and

text: four

text: sixteenth

text: parts

text: of

text: a

text: grain

text: of

text: pure

text: or

text: four

text: hundred

text: and

text: sixteen

text: grains

text: of

text: standard

text: silver

text: Section

text: of

text: the

text: act

text: provided

text: That

text: the

text: money

text: of

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: shall

text: be

text: expressed

text: in

text: dollars

text: or

text: units

text: and

text: that

text: all

text: accounts

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: offices

text: and

text: all

text: proceedings

text: in

text: the

text: courts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: shall

text: be

text: kept

text: and

text: had

text: in

text: conformity

text: to

text: this

text: regulation

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: this

text: act

text: designated

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: dollar

text: as

text: the

text: unit

text: of

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What is "dollars" a reference to?

answer: the Spanish milled dollar

text: the Spanish milled dollar

question: How much value did a Spanish milled dollar have in relation to Spanish units of currency?

answer: 8 Spanish units

text: 8 Spanish units

question: How much value was one dollar meant to be equivalent to?

answer: a Spanish milled dollar

text: a Spanish milled dollar

question: How many grains of standard silver were meant to be in a single dollar?

answer: four hundred and sixteen

text: four hundred and sixteen

question: How many grains of pure silver were meant to be in a single dollar?

answer: three hundred and seventy-one

text: three hundred and seventy-one

question: What is "section" a reference to?

text: the Spanish milled dollar

question: How much value did a Spanish milled dollar have in relation to coins of the United States?

text: 8 Spanish units

question: How much value was one grain meant to be equivalent to?

text: a Spanish milled dollar

question: How many single silver dollars were meant cost one dollar to make?

text: four hundred and sixteen

question: How many grains of pure silver were meant to be in a single milled dollar?

text: three hundred and seventy-one


text: The Executive Office also supports the U.S. military by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating on field activities. The Executive Director is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA, and each branch of the service has its own Director. The Associate Director of military affairs, a senior military officer, manages the relationship between the CIA and the Unified Combatant Commands, who produce regional/operational intelligence and consume national intelligence.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: The

text: Executive

text: Office

text: also

text: supports

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: by

text: providing

text: it

text: with

text: information

text: it

text: gathers

text: receiving

text: information

text: from

text: military

text: intelligence

text: organizations

text: and

text: cooperating

text: on

text: field

text: activities

text: The

text: Executive

text: Director

text: is

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: CIA

text: and

text: each

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: service

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: Director

text: The

text: Associate

text: Director

text: of

text: military

text: affairs

text: a

text: senior

text: military

text: officer

text: manages

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: CIA

text: and

text: the

text: Unified

text: Combatant

text: Commands

text: who

text: produce

text: regional

text: operational

text: intelligence

text: and

text: consume

text: national

text: intelligence

question: Who is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA?

answer: The Executive Director

text: The Executive Director

question: What is the title of the person who manages the relationship between the CIA and the Unified Combatant Commands?

answer: The Associate Director of military affairs

text: The Associate Director of military affairs

question: What three ways does the Executive office support the U.S. military?

answer: providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating on field activities

text: providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperating on field activities


text: "Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster. The storm produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of 943 mb (27.85") for not only Atlantic City, but the state of New Jersey.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: Superstorm

text: Sandy

text: struck

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: on

text: October

text: causing

text: flooding

text: and

text: power

text: outages

text: but

text: left

text: minimal

text: damage

text: to

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: tourist

text: areas

text: including

text: the

text: Boardwalk

text: and

text: casino

text: resorts

text: despite

text: widespread

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: boardwalk

text: had

text: been

text: destroyed

text: The

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: misinformation

text: was

text: a

text: widely

text: circulated

text: photograph

text: of

text: a

text: damaged

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Boardwalk

text: that

text: was

text: slated

text: for

text: repairs

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: storm

text: and

text: incorrect

text: news

text: reports

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: disaster

text: The

text: storm

text: produced

text: an

text: all

text: time

text: record

text: low

text: barometric

text: pressure

text: reading

text: of

text: mb

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: but

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: Jersey

question: When did "Superstorm Sandy" strike Atlantic City?

answer: October 29, 2012

text: October 29, 2012

question: "Superstorm Sandy" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what?

answer: 943 mb

text: 943 mb

question: Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?

answer: flooding and power-outages

text: flooding and power-outages

question: What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk?

answer: photograph

text: photograph

question: Why was there a photo of the Boardwalk if it wasn't actually damaged in the storm?

answer: the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm

text: the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm


text: Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine Clearers), FIDH International Federation for Human Rights, Goodwill Industries, United Way, ACORN (now defunct), Habitat for Humanity, Teach For America, the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations, UNESCO, IEEE, INCOSE, World Wide Fund for Nature, Heifer International, Translators Without Borders and SOS Children's Villages.

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Some

text: NPOs

text: which

text: are

text: particularly

text: well

text: known

text: often

text: for

text: the

text: charitable

text: or

text: social

text: nature

text: of

text: their

text: activities

text: performed

text: during

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: include

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: Oxfam

text: Rotary

text: International

text: Kiwanis

text: International

text: Carnegie

text: Corporation

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: Nourishing

text: USA

text: DEMIRA

text: Deutsche

text: Minenräumer

text: German

text: Mine

text: Clearers

text: FIDH

text: International

text: Federation

text: for

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Goodwill

text: Industries

text: United

text: Way

text: ACORN

text: now

text: defunct

text: Habitat

text: for

text: Humanity

text: Teach

text: For

text: America

text: the

text: Red

text: Cross

text: and

text: Red

text: Crescent

text: organizations

text: UNESCO

text: IEEE

text: INCOSE

text: World

text: Wide

text: Fund

text: for

text: Nature

text: Heifer

text: International

text: Translators

text: Without

text: Borders

text: and

text: SOS

text: Children

text: 's

text: Villages

question: What is a well known NPO that helps people from low incomes become homeowners?

answer: Habitat for Humanity

text: Habitat for Humanity

question: What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive?

answer: Rotary International

text: Rotary International

question: What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families?

answer: United Way

text: United Way

question: Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike?

answer: Red Cross and Red Crescent

text: Red Cross and Red Crescent

question: Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment?

answer: World Wide Fund for Nature

text: World Wide Fund for Nature

question: What has happened to Teach for America now that its non functional?

text: defunct

question: What charity brings food and health care to mine cleaners?

text: United Way

question: Which groups help UNESCO with management?

text: Red Cross and Red Crescent

question: Which fund helps OXFAM provide donations to families?

text: World Wide Fund for Nature

question: What group helps German mine cleaners fix homes?

text: Habitat for Humanity


text: CDO issuance grew from an estimated $20 billion in Q1 2004 to its peak of over $180 billion by Q1 2007, then declined back under $20 billion by Q1 2008. Further, the credit quality of CDO's declined from 2000 to 2007, as the level of subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increased from 5% to 36% of CDO assets. As described in the section on subprime lending, the CDS and portfolio of CDS called synthetic CDO enabled a theoretically infinite amount to be wagered on the finite value of housing loans outstanding, provided that buyers and sellers of the derivatives could be found. For example, buying a CDS to insure a CDO ended up giving the seller the same risk as if they owned the CDO, when those CDO's became worthless.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: CDO

text: issuance

text: grew

text: from

text: an

text: estimated

text: billion

text: in

text: to

text: its

text: peak

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: by

text: then

text: declined

text: back

text: under

text: billion

text: by

text: Further

text: the

text: credit

text: quality

text: of

text: CDO

text: 's

text: declined

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: subprime

text: and

text: other

text: non

text: prime

text: mortgage

text: debt

text: increased

text: from

text: to

text: of

text: CDO

text: assets

text: As

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: section

text: on

text: subprime

text: lending

text: the

text: CDS

text: and

text: portfolio

text: of

text: CDS

text: called

text: synthetic

text: CDO

text: enabled

text: a

text: theoretically

text: infinite

text: amount

text: to

text: be

text: wagered

text: on

text: the

text: finite

text: value

text: of

text: housing

text: loans

text: outstanding

text: provided

text: that

text: buyers

text: and

text: sellers

text: of

text: the

text: derivatives

text: could

text: be

text: found

text: For

text: example

text: buying

text: a

text: CDS

text: to

text: insure

text: a

text: CDO

text: ended

text: up

text: giving

text: the

text: seller

text: the

text: same

text: risk

text: as

text: if

text: they

text: owned

text: the

text: CDO

text: when

text: those

text: CDO

text: 's

text: became

text: worthless

question: When did the issuance of CDO peak?

answer: Q1 2007

text: Q1 2007

question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2004?

answer: $20 billion

text: $20 billion

question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance at it's peak in Q1 2007?

answer: over $180 billion

text: over $180 billion

question: What percent of CDO assets were subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt in 2007?

answer: 36%

question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2008?

answer: under $20 billion

text: under $20 billion


text: Tourism accounts for much of Uruguay's economy. Tourism in Montevideo is centered in the Ciudad Vieja area, which includes the city's oldest buildings, several museums, art galleries, and nightclubs, with Sarandí Street and the Mercado del Puerto being the most frequented venues of the old city. On the edge of Ciudad Vieja, Plaza Independencia is surrounded by many sights, including the Solís Theatre and the Palacio Salvo; the plaza also constitutes one end of 18 de Julio Avenue, the city's most important tourist destination outside of Ciudad Vieja. Apart from being a shopping street, the avenue is noted for its Art Deco buildings, three important public squares, the Gaucho Museum, the Palacio Municipal and many other sights. The avenue leads to the Obelisk of Montevideo; beyond that is Parque Batlle, which along with the Parque Prado is another important tourist destination. Along the coast, the Fortaleza del Cerro, the Rambla (the coastal avenue), 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) of sandy beaches, and Punta Gorda attract many tourists, as do the Barrio Sur and Palermo barrios.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Tourism

text: accounts

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: economy

text: Tourism

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: is

text: centered

text: in

text: the

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: area

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: oldest

text: buildings

text: several

text: museums

text: art

text: galleries

text: and

text: nightclubs

text: with

text: Sarandí

text: Street

text: and

text: the

text: Mercado

text: del

text: Puerto

text: being

text: the

text: most

text: frequented

text: venues

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: city

text: On

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: Plaza

text: Independencia

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: many

text: sights

text: including

text: the

text: Solís

text: Theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Palacio

text: Salvo

text: the

text: plaza

text: also

text: constitutes

text: one

text: end

text: of

text: de

text: Julio

text: Avenue

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: tourist

text: destination

text: outside

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Vieja

text: Apart

text: from

text: being

text: a

text: shopping

text: street

text: the

text: avenue

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: Art

text: Deco

text: buildings

text: three

text: important

text: public

text: squares

text: the

text: Gaucho

text: Museum

text: the

text: Palacio

text: Municipal

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: sights

text: The

text: avenue

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: Obelisk

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: beyond

text: that

text: is

text: Parque

text: Batlle

text: which

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Parque

text: Prado

text: is

text: another

text: important

text: tourist

text: destination

text: Along

text: the

text: coast

text: the

text: Fortaleza

text: del

text: Cerro

text: the

text: Rambla

text: the

text: coastal

text: avenue

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: of

text: sandy

text: beaches

text: and

text: Punta

text: Gorda

text: attract

text: many

text: tourists

text: as

text: do

text: the

text: Barrio

text: Sur

text: and

text: Palermo

text: barrios

question: What accounts for much of Uruguay's economy?

answer: Tourism

text: Tourism

question: Where is tourism in Montevideo centered in?

answer: Ciudad Vieja area

text: Ciudad Vieja area

question: Plaza Independencia constitutes one end of what?

answer: 18 de Julio Avenue

text: 18 de Julio Avenue


text: In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part of the genome. In fact, mitochondria are sometimes said to have their own genome often referred to as the "mitochondrial genome". The DNA found within the chloroplast may be referred to as the "plastome".

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: In

text: eukaryotes

text: such

text: as

text: plants

text: protozoa

text: and

text: animals

text: however

text: genome

text: carries

text: the

text: typical

text: connotation

text: of

text: only

text: information

text: on

text: chromosomal

text: DNA

text: So

text: although

text: these

text: organisms

text: contain

text: chloroplasts

text: or

text: mitochondria

text: that

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: DNA

text: the

text: genetic

text: information

text: contained

text: by

text: DNA

text: within

text: these

text: organelles

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: genome

text: In

text: fact

text: mitochondria

text: are

text: sometimes

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: genome

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: mitochondrial

text: genome

text: The

text: DNA

text: found

text: within

text: the

text: chloroplast

text: may

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: plastome

question: What are examples of classes of eukaryotes where genome only refers to the information found in chromosomes?

answer: plants, protozoa and animals

text: plants, protozoa and animals

question: What is a name for the genetic material found within chloroplasts?

answer: plastome

text: plastome

question: What is a name for the genetic makeup of mitochondria?

answer: mitochondrial genome

text: mitochondrial genome

question: What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called?

text: the "plastome"

question: What are examples of chloroplasts?

text: plants, protozoa and animals

question: What does genome mean when referring to eukaryotes such as mitochondria?

text: only information on chromosomal DNA

question: What is not considered as part of the plastome?

question: What do chloroplasts have that is referred to as the mitochondrial genome?

text: their own genome


text: NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th century include GBAD (Ground Based AD) with related terms SHORAD (Short Range AD) and MANPADS ("Man Portable AD Systems": typically shoulder-launched missiles). Anti-aircraft missiles are variously called surface-to-air missile, abbreviated and pronounced "SAM" and Surface to Air Guided Weapon (SAGW).

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: NATO

text: defines

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: warfare

text: AAW

text: as

text: measures

text: taken

text: to

text: defend

text: a

text: maritime

text: force

text: against

text: attacks

text: by

text: airborne

text: weapons

text: launched

text: from

text: aircraft

text: ships

text: submarines

text: and

text: land

text: based

text: sites

text: In

text: some

text: armies

text: the

text: term

text: All

text: Arms

text: Air

text: Defence

text: AAAD

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: air

text: defence

text: by

text: non

text: specialist

text: troops

text: Other

text: terms

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: include

text: GBAD

text: Ground

text: Based

text: AD

text: with

text: related

text: terms

text: SHORAD

text: Short

text: Range

text: AD

text: and

text: MANPADS

text: Man

text: Portable

text: AD

text: Systems

text: typically

text: shoulder

text: launched

text: missiles

text: Anti

text: aircraft

text: missiles

text: are

text: variously

text: called

text: surface

text: to

text: air

text: missile

text: abbreviated

text: and

text: pronounced

text: SAM

text: and

text: Surface

text: to

text: Air

text: Guided

text: Weapon

text: SAGW

question: What does AAAD stand for?

answer: All-Arms Air Defence

text: All-Arms Air Defence

question: What does GBAD stand for?

answer: Ground Based AD

text: Ground Based AD

question: What does SHORAD stand for?

answer: Short Range AD

text: Short Range AD

question: What does MANPADS stand for?

answer: Man Portable AD Systems

text: Man Portable AD Systems

question: What does SAGW stand for?

answer: Surface to Air Guided Weapon

text: Surface to Air Guided Weapon


text: For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal brought the emerging Russian state into conflict with the Ukrainian Cossacks and then with the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate and Circassians. When Russia conquered these groups and gained possession of southern Ukraine, known as New Russia during Russian imperial times, the Ottoman Empire lost its buffer zone against Russian expansion, and Russia and the Ottoman Empire fell into direct conflict. The conflict with the Ottoman Empire also presented a religious issue of importance, as Russia saw itself as the protector of Orthodox Christians, many of whom lived under Ottoman control and were treated as second-class citizens.(ch 1)

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: For

text: over

text: years

text: Russia

text: had

text: been

text: expanding

text: southwards

text: across

text: the

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: Wild

text: Fields

text: toward

text: the

text: warm

text: water

text: ports

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: freeze

text: over

text: like

text: the

text: handful

text: of

text: other

text: ports

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: promote

text: year

text: round

text: trade

text: and

text: a

text: year

text: round

text: Pursuit

text: of

text: this

text: goal

text: brought

text: the

text: emerging

text: Russian

text: state

text: into

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Cossacks

text: and

text: then

text: with

text: the

text: Tatars

text: of

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Khanate

text: and

text: Circassians

text: When

text: Russia

text: conquered

text: these

text: groups

text: and

text: gained

text: possession

text: of

text: southern

text: Ukraine

text: known

text: as

text: New

text: Russia

text: during

text: Russian

text: imperial

text: times

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: lost

text: its

text: buffer

text: zone

text: against

text: Russian

text: expansion

text: and

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: fell

text: into

text: direct

text: conflict

text: The

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: also

text: presented

text: a

text: religious

text: issue

text: of

text: importance

text: as

text: Russia

text: saw

text: itself

text: as

text: the

text: protector

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: lived

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: control

text: and

text: were

text: treated

text: as

text: second

text: class

text: citizens.(ch

question: For 200 years, Russia been expanding across what area?

answer: Wild Fields

text: Wild Fields

question: Why did Russia move towards the warmer ports of the Black Sea?

answer: to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy

text: to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy

question: Who did Russia first have issues with when moving towards the warmer ports in the Black Sea?

answer: Ukrainian Cossacks

text: Ukrainian Cossacks

question: Who was treated as second class citizens under the Ottomans?

answer: Orthodox Christians

text: Orthodox Christians

question: During the Russian imperial times, what other name was southern Ukraine known by?

answer: New Russia

text: New Russia


text: In the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. The effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that resulted was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the Arpanet possible spread and evolved.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: In

text: the

text: computer

text: engineers

text: at

text: research

text: institutions

text: throughout

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: began

text: to

text: link

text: their

text: computers

text: together

text: using

text: telecommunications

text: technology

text: The

text: effort

text: was

text: funded

text: by

text: ARPA

text: now

text: DARPA

text: and

text: the

text: computer

text: network

text: that

text: resulted

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: ARPANET

text: The

text: technologies

text: that

text: made

text: the

text: Arpanet

text: possible

text: spread

text: and

text: evolved

question: ARPA is now known as what?

answer: DARPA)

text: DARPA)

question: Who funded the linking of computers around the US in the 1970s?

answer: ARPA

text: ARPA