text: The fourth Digimon series, which began airing on April 7, 2002, radically departs from the previous three by focusing on a new and very different kind of evolution, Spirit Evolution, in which the human characters use their D-Tectors (this series' Digivice) to transform themselves into special Digimon called Legendary Warriors, detracting from the customary formula of having digital partners. After receiving unusual phone messages from Ophanimon (one of the three ruling Digimon alongside Seraphimon and Cherubimon) Takuya Kanbara, Koji Minamoto, Junpei Shibayama, Zoe Orimoto, Tommy Himi, and Koichi Kimura go to a subway station and take a train to the Digital World. Summoned by Ophanimon, the Digidestined realize that they must find the ten legendary spirits and stop the forces of Cherubimon from physically destroying the Digital World. After finding the ten spirits of the Legendary Warriors and defeating Mercurymon, Grumblemon, Ranamon, and Arbormon, they finally end up fighting Cherubimon hoping to foil his effort to dominate the Digital World. After the defeat of Cherubimon, the Digidestined find they must face an even greater challenge as they try to stop the Royal Knights—Dynasmon and Crusadermon—from destroying the Digital World and using the collected data to revive the original ruler of the Digital World: the tyrannical Lucemon. Ultimately the Digidestined fail in preventing Lucemon from reawakening but they do manage to prevent him from escaping into the Real World. In the final battle, all of the legendary spirits the digidestined have collected thus far merge and create Susanoomon. With this new form, the digidestined are able to effectively defeat Lucemon and save the Digital World. In general, Frontier has a much lighter tone than that of Tamers, yet remains darker than Adventure and Adventure 02.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: fourth

text: Digimon

text: series

text: which

text: began

text: airing

text: on

text: April

text: radically

text: departs

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: three

text: by

text: focusing

text: on

text: a

text: new

text: and

text: very

text: different

text: kind

text: of

text: evolution

text: Spirit

text: Evolution

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: human

text: characters

text: use

text: their

text: D

text: Tectors

text: this

text: series

text: Digivice

text: to

text: transform

text: themselves

text: into

text: special

text: Digimon

text: called

text: Legendary

text: Warriors

text: detracting

text: from

text: the

text: customary

text: formula

text: of

text: having

text: digital

text: partners

text: After

text: receiving

text: unusual

text: phone

text: messages

text: from

text: Ophanimon

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: ruling

text: Digimon

text: alongside

text: Seraphimon

text: and

text: Cherubimon

text: Takuya

text: Kanbara

text: Koji

text: Minamoto

text: Junpei

text: Shibayama

text: Zoe

text: Orimoto

text: Tommy

text: Himi

text: and

text: Koichi

text: Kimura

text: go

text: to

text: a

text: subway

text: station

text: and

text: take

text: a

text: train

text: to

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: Summoned

text: by

text: Ophanimon

text: the

text: Digidestined

text: realize

text: that

text: they

text: must

text: find

text: the

text: ten

text: legendary

text: spirits

text: and

text: stop

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: Cherubimon

text: from

text: physically

text: destroying

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: After

text: finding

text: the

text: ten

text: spirits

text: of

text: the

text: Legendary

text: Warriors

text: and

text: defeating

text: Mercurymon

text: Grumblemon

text: Ranamon

text: and

text: Arbormon

text: they

text: finally

text: end

text: up

text: fighting

text: Cherubimon

text: hoping

text: to

text: foil

text: his

text: effort

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: After

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Cherubimon

text: the

text: Digidestined

text: find

text: they

text: must

text: face

text: an

text: even

text: greater

text: challenge

text: as

text: they

text: try

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: Royal

text: Knights

text: Dynasmon

text: and

text: Crusadermon

text: from

text: destroying

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: and

text: using

text: the

text: collected

text: data

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: original

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: the

text: tyrannical

text: Lucemon

text: Ultimately

text: the

text: Digidestined

text: fail

text: in

text: preventing

text: Lucemon

text: from

text: reawakening

text: but

text: they

text: do

text: manage

text: to

text: prevent

text: him

text: from

text: escaping

text: into

text: the

text: Real

text: World

text: In

text: the

text: final

text: battle

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: legendary

text: spirits

text: the

text: digidestined

text: have

text: collected

text: thus

text: far

text: merge

text: and

text: create

text: Susanoomon

text: With

text: this

text: new

text: form

text: the

text: digidestined

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: effectively

text: defeat

text: Lucemon

text: and

text: save

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: In

text: general

text: Frontier

text: has

text: a

text: much

text: lighter

text: tone

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Tamers

text: yet

text: remains

text: darker

text: than

text: Adventure

text: and

text: Adventure

question: When did the fourth series of Digimon begin?

answer: April 7, 2002

text: April 7, 2002

question: What was the main focus surrounding the fourth series?

answer: Spirit Evolution

text: Spirit Evolution

question: What did the characters use to transform themselves into special Digimons?

answer: D-Tectors

text: D-Tectors

question: After the characters transformed into special Digimons, what were they called?

answer: Legendary Warriors

text: Legendary Warriors

question: What began in August 2002?

text: The fourth Digimon series

question: What season spirit power the focus of?

text: The fourth

question: What device transformed regular Digimon into special Digimon?

text: D-Tectors

question: What were special humans called?

text: Legendary Warriors

question: To the Digidestined stop from reawakening?

text: Lucemon


text: In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846–1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium. (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.) In 2007, Christopher Gray of The New York Times described it as "a writhing composition in white Tyrolean marble depicting Lorelei, the mythical German figure, surrounded by mermaids, dolphins and seashells."

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: In

text: the

text: memorial

text: by

text: the

text: Berlin

text: sculptor

text: Ernst

text: Gustav

text: Herter

text: finally

text: came

text: to

text: rest

text: although

text: subject

text: to

text: repeated

text: vandalism

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: at

text: Street

text: and

text: the

text: Grand

text: Concourse

text: or

text: Joyce

text: Kilmer

text: Park

text: near

text: today

text: 's

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: moved

text: to

text: Street

text: and

text: the

text: Concourse

text: In

text: Christopher

text: Gray

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: described

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: writhing

text: composition

text: in

text: white

text: Tyrolean

text: marble

text: depicting

text: Lorelei

text: the

text: mythical

text: German

text: figure

text: surrounded

text: by

text: mermaids

text: dolphins

text: and

text: seashells

question: When did Herter die?

answer: 1917

question: When was Herter born?

answer: 1846

question: What was Herter's career?

answer: sculptor

text: sculptor

question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial placed in 1899?

answer: 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park

text: 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park

question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial moved in 1999?

answer: 161st Street and the Concourse

text: 161st Street and the Concourse


text: The Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was founded after the fall of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus. The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchens. When Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels in 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor, the last Ming emperor, committed suicide. The Manchus then allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui and seized control of Beijing, which became the new capital of the Qing dynasty. The Mancus adopted the Confucian norms of traditional Chinese government in their rule of China proper. Schoppa, the editor of The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History argues, "A date around 1780 as the beginning of modern China is thus closer to what we know today as historical 'reality'. It also allows us to have a better baseline to understand the precipitous decline of the Chinese polity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries."

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: was

text: founded

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: the

text: last

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: dynasty

text: by

text: the

text: Manchus

text: The

text: Manchus

text: were

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Jurchens

text: When

text: Beijing

text: was

text: captured

text: by

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: 's

text: peasant

text: rebels

text: in

text: the

text: Chongzhen

text: Emperor

text: the

text: last

text: Ming

text: emperor

text: committed

text: suicide

text: The

text: Manchus

text: then

text: allied

text: with

text: former

text: Ming

text: general

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: and

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: Beijing

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: The

text: Mancus

text: adopted

text: the

text: Confucian

text: norms

text: of

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: government

text: in

text: their

text: rule

text: of

text: China

text: proper

text: Schoppa

text: the

text: editor

text: of

text: The

text: Columbia

text: Guide

text: to

text: Modern

text: Chinese

text: History

text: argues

text: A

text: date

text: around

text: as

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: modern

text: China

text: is

text: thus

text: closer

text: to

text: what

text: we

text: know

text: today

text: as

text: historical

text: reality

text: It

text: also

text: allows

text: us

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: better

text: baseline

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: precipitous

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: polity

text: in

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: and

text: twentieth

text: centuries

question: What was founded after the fall of the Ming?

answer: The Qing dynasty

text: The Qing dynasty

question: The Qing dynasty lasted through what time period?

answer: 1644–1911

question: What were the Manchus originally known as?

answer: the Jurchens

text: the Jurchens

question: Why did the last Ming Emperor commit suicide?

answer: Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

text: Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

question: Who became allies with the Manchus to seize control over Beijing?

answer: former Ming general Wu Sangui

text: former Ming general Wu Sangui

question: The Qing dynasty formed after what event?

answer: after the fall of the Ming

text: after the fall of the Ming

question: During what time period did the Qing dynasty rule?

answer: 1644–1911

question: What were the Manchus originally named?

answer: Jurchens

text: Jurchens

question: Who was Beijing captured by in 1644?

answer: Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

text: Li Zicheng's peasant rebels

question: Who did the Manchus make an Ally with to seize control of Beijing?

answer: former Ming general Wu Sangui

text: former Ming general Wu Sangui


text: On the assumption that intellectual property rights are actual rights Stallman argues that this claim does not live to the historical intentions behind these laws, which in the case of copyright served as a censorship system, and later on, a regulatory model for the printing press that may have benefited authors incidentally, but never interfered with the freedom of average readers. Still referring to copyright, he cites legal literature such as the United States Constitution and case law to demonstrate that it is meant to be an optional and experimental bargain that temporarily trades property rights and free speech for public, not private, benefit in the form of increased artistic production and knowledge. He mentions that "if copyright were a natural right nothing could justify terminating this right after a certain period of time".

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: On

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: intellectual

text: property

text: rights

text: are

text: actual

text: rights

text: Stallman

text: argues

text: that

text: this

text: claim

text: does

text: not

text: live

text: to

text: the

text: historical

text: intentions

text: behind

text: these

text: laws

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: copyright

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: censorship

text: system

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: a

text: regulatory

text: model

text: for

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: that

text: may

text: have

text: benefited

text: authors

text: incidentally

text: but

text: never

text: interfered

text: with

text: the

text: freedom

text: of

text: average

text: readers

text: Still

text: referring

text: to

text: copyright

text: he

text: cites

text: legal

text: literature

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: and

text: case

text: law

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: optional

text: and

text: experimental

text: bargain

text: that

text: temporarily

text: trades

text: property

text: rights

text: and

text: free

text: speech

text: for

text: public

text: not

text: private

text: benefit

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: increased

text: artistic

text: production

text: and

text: knowledge

text: He

text: mentions

text: that

text: if

text: copyright

text: were

text: a

text: natural

text: right

text: nothing

text: could

text: justify

text: terminating

text: this

text: right

text: after

text: a

text: certain

text: period

text: of

text: time

question: Stallman thinks what type of IP historically served as a censorship system?

answer: copyright

text: copyright

question: What does Stallman think copyright served as a regulatory model for?

answer: the printing press

text: the printing press

question: What does Stallman think was meant to be optional and experimental?

answer: copyright

text: copyright

question: What does Stallman think copyright was supposed to trade temporarily for public benefit?

answer: property rights and free speech

text: property rights and free speech

question: Who pointed out that "if copyright were a natural right nothing could justify terminating this right after a certain period of time"?

answer: Stallman

text: Stallman

question: What does Stallman say that censorship is a form of?

text: intellectual property

question: What was censorship a regulatory model for?

text: printing press

question: What does Stallman say is meant to be mandatory?

text: copyright

question: What restricts free Speech?

text: copyright

question: What does Stallman say is a natural right?

text: copyright


text: LaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a result, playback would not wear the information-bearing part of the discs, and properly manufactured LDs would theoretically last beyond one's lifetime. By contrast, a VHS tape held all of its picture and sound information on the tape in a magnetic coating which is in contact with the spinning heads on the head drum, causing progressive wear with each use (though later in VHS's lifespan, engineering improvements allowed tapes to be made and played back without contact). Also, the tape was thin and delicate, and it was easy for a player mechanism, especially on a low quality or malfunctioning model, to mishandle the tape and damage it by creasing it, frilling (stretching) its edges, or even breaking it.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: LaserDiscs

text: potentially

text: had

text: a

text: much

text: longer

text: lifespan

text: than

text: videocassettes

text: Because

text: the

text: discs

text: were

text: read

text: optically

text: instead

text: of

text: magnetically

text: no

text: physical

text: contact

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: between

text: the

text: player

text: and

text: the

text: disc

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: player

text: 's

text: clamp

text: that

text: holds

text: the

text: disc

text: at

text: its

text: center

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: spun

text: and

text: read

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: playback

text: would

text: not

text: wear

text: the

text: information

text: bearing

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: discs

text: and

text: properly

text: manufactured

text: LDs

text: would

text: theoretically

text: last

text: beyond

text: one

text: 's

text: lifetime

text: By

text: contrast

text: a

text: VHS

text: tape

text: held

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: picture

text: and

text: sound

text: information

text: on

text: the

text: tape

text: in

text: a

text: magnetic

text: coating

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: spinning

text: heads

text: on

text: the

text: head

text: drum

text: causing

text: progressive

text: wear

text: with

text: each

text: use

text: though

text: later

text: in

text: VHS

text: 's

text: lifespan

text: engineering

text: improvements

text: allowed

text: tapes

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: and

text: played

text: back

text: without

text: contact

text: Also

text: the

text: tape

text: was

text: thin

text: and

text: delicate

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: easy

text: for

text: a

text: player

text: mechanism

text: especially

text: on

text: a

text: low

text: quality

text: or

text: malfunctioning

text: model

text: to

text: mishandle

text: the

text: tape

text: and

text: damage

text: it

text: by

text: creasing

text: it

text: frilling

text: stretching

text: its

text: edges

text: or

text: even

text: breaking

text: it

question: Were Laserdiscs or VHS more durable in the long run?

answer: LaserDiscs

text: LaserDiscs

question: Why is physical contact with a VHS tape less desirable than an optical reading?

answer: progressive wear with each use

text: progressive wear with each use

question: Where do VHS tapes store their information?

answer: magnetic coating

text: magnetic coating


text: Collectively encompassing more than 900 million adherents, or nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide, Protestantism is present on all populated continents.[t] The movement is more divided theologically and ecclesiastically than either Eastern Orthodoxy or Roman Catholicism, lacking both structural unity and central human authority. Some Protestant churches do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership (notably, the Anglican Communion), while others are confined to a single country, or even are solitary church bodies or congregations (such as the former Prussian Union of churches). Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestant Christianity.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Collectively

text: encompassing

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: adherents

text: or

text: nearly

text: forty

text: percent

text: of

text: Christians

text: worldwide

text: Protestantism

text: is

text: present

text: on

text: all

text: populated

text: continents.[t

text: The

text: movement

text: is

text: more

text: divided

text: theologically

text: and

text: ecclesiastically

text: than

text: either

text: Eastern

text: Orthodoxy

text: or

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: lacking

text: both

text: structural

text: unity

text: and

text: central

text: human

text: authority

text: Some

text: Protestant

text: churches

text: do

text: have

text: a

text: worldwide

text: scope

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: membership

text: notably

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: confined

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: country

text: or

text: even

text: are

text: solitary

text: church

text: bodies

text: or

text: congregations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: Prussian

text: Union

text: of

text: churches

text: Nondenominational

text: evangelical

text: independent

text: and

text: other

text: churches

text: are

text: on

text: the

text: rise

text: and

text: constitute

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: Protestant

text: Christianity

question: What percentage of Christians are Protestant?

answer: nearly forty percent

text: nearly forty percent

question: Which continents have some form of Protestantism?

answer: all populated continents

text: all populated continents

question: What types of Protestantism are increasing?

answer: Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches

text: Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches

question: What Protestant church has members around the world?

answer: the Anglican Communion

text: the Anglican Communion

question: How many people are considered Protestant?

answer: more than 900 million

text: more than 900 million


text: The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: is

text: tropical

text: marine

text: and

text: mild

text: tempered

text: by

text: the

text: Benguela

text: Current

text: and

text: trade

text: winds

text: that

text: blow

text: almost

text: continuously

text: The

text: climate

text: varies

text: noticeably

text: across

text: the

text: island

text: Temperatures

text: in

text: Jamestown

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: leeward

text: shore

text: range

text: between

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: January

text: to

text: April

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: areas

text: are

text: on

text: average

text: C

text: F

text: lower

text: Jamestown

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: very

text: low

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: while

text: mm

text: in

text: falls

text: per

text: year

text: on

text: the

text: higher

text: ground

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: noticeably

text: cloudier

text: There

text: are

text: weather

text: recording

text: stations

text: in

text: the

text: Longwood

text: and

text: Blue

text: Hill

text: districts

question: What current affects the environment of Saint Helena?

answer: Benguela Current

text: Benguela Current

question: On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?

answer: 5–6


text: In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism. The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: a

text: factor

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: latest

text: wave

text: of

text: World

text: Values

text: Survey

text: data

text: Arno

text: Tausch

text: Corvinus

text: University

text: of

text: Budapest

text: found

text: that

text: Protestantism

text: emerges

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: close

text: to

text: combining

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: liberalism

text: The

text: Global

text: Value

text: Development

text: Index

text: calculated

text: by

text: Tausch

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: World

text: Values

text: Survey

text: dimensions

text: such

text: as

text: trust

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: law

text: no

text: support

text: for

text: shadow

text: economy

text: postmaterial

text: activism

text: support

text: for

text: democracy

text: a

text: non

text: acceptance

text: of

text: violence

text: xenophobia

text: and

text: racism

text: trust

text: in

text: transnational

text: capital

text: and

text: Universities

text: confidence

text: in

text: the

text: market

text: economy

text: supporting

text: gender

text: justice

text: and

text: engaging

text: in

text: environmental

text: activism

text: etc

question: Who calculated the Global Value Development Index?

answer: Arno Tausch

text: Arno Tausch

question: What does a good job of combining religion and liberalism?

answer: Protestantism

text: Protestantism

question: Who did an analysis of World Values Survey data?

answer: Arno Tausch

text: Arno Tausch

question: What university is Arno Tausch from?

answer: Corvinus University of Budapest

text: Corvinus University of Budapest

question: What type of engagement is considered a World Value?

answer: environmental activism

text: environmental activism


text: The development of writing enabled knowledge to be stored and communicated across generations with much greater fidelity. Combined with the development of agriculture, which allowed for a surplus of food, it became possible for early civilizations to develop, because more time and effort could be devoted to tasks (other than food production) than hunter-gatherers or early subsistence farmers had available. This surplus allowed a community to support individuals who did things other than work towards bare survival. These other tasks included systematic studies of nature, study of written information gathered and recorded by others, and often of adding to that body of information.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: writing

text: enabled

text: knowledge

text: to

text: be

text: stored

text: and

text: communicated

text: across

text: generations

text: with

text: much

text: greater

text: fidelity

text: Combined

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: agriculture

text: which

text: allowed

text: for

text: a

text: surplus

text: of

text: food

text: it

text: became

text: possible

text: for

text: early

text: civilizations

text: to

text: develop

text: because

text: more

text: time

text: and

text: effort

text: could

text: be

text: devoted

text: to

text: tasks

text: other

text: than

text: food

text: production

text: than

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: or

text: early

text: subsistence

text: farmers

text: had

text: available

text: This

text: surplus

text: allowed

text: a

text: community

text: to

text: support

text: individuals

text: who

text: did

text: things

text: other

text: than

text: work

text: towards

text: bare

text: survival

text: These

text: other

text: tasks

text: included

text: systematic

text: studies

text: of

text: nature

text: study

text: of

text: written

text: information

text: gathered

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: others

text: and

text: often

text: of

text: adding

text: to

text: that

text: body

text: of

text: information

question: The advancement of agriculture made what possible?

answer: a surplus of food

text: a surplus of food

question: Having a surplus of food allowed farmers and hunter-gatherers to spend less time working on what?

answer: food production

text: food production

question: Before agriculture advancements, what were farmers having to do?

answer: work towards bare survival

text: work towards bare survival

question: What advancement aided in spreading knowledge across generations?

answer: The development of writing

text: The development of writing

question: Who was able to support the people who were adding to the written knowledge of nature?

answer: community

text: community


text: From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. In the late 1820s, the parts of historic Armenia under Iranian control centering on Yerevan and Lake Sevan (all of Eastern Armenia) were incorporated into the Russian Empire following Iran's forced ceding of the territories after its loss in the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) and the outcoming Treaty of Turkmenchay. Western Armenia however, remained in Ottoman hands.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: From

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: both

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Armenia

text: fell

text: under

text: Iranian

text: Safavid

text: rule

text: Owing

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: long

text: Turco

text: Iranian

text: geo

text: political

text: rivalry

text: that

text: would

text: last

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: significant

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: were

text: frequently

text: fought

text: over

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: rivalling

text: empires

text: From

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Amasya

text: and

text: decisively

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Zuhab

text: until

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Eastern

text: Armenia

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: successive

text: Iranian

text: Safavid

text: Afsharid

text: and

text: Qajar

text: empires

text: while

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: remained

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: historic

text: Armenia

text: under

text: Iranian

text: control

text: centering

text: on

text: Yerevan

text: and

text: Lake

text: Sevan

text: all

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Armenia

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: following

text: Iran

text: 's

text: forced

text: ceding

text: of

text: the

text: territories

text: after

text: its

text: loss

text: in

text: the

text: Russo

text: Persian

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: outcoming

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Turkmenchay

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: however

text: remained

text: in

text: Ottoman

text: hands

question: When did the Russo-Persian War begin?

answer: 1826

question: When did the Russo-Persian War end?

answer: 1828

question: What treaty ended the Russo-Persian War?

answer: Treaty of Turkmenchay

text: Treaty of Turkmenchay

question: When did parts of Armenia under Iranian control become part of Russia?

answer: In the late 1820s

text: In the late 1820s

question: When was the Peace of Amasya?

answer: mid 16th century

text: mid 16th century

question: What came under Russian rule in the early 16th century?

question: Why did Western and Eastern Armenia come under Russian rule in the early 16th century?

question: In what year did the Safavid-Qajar war begin?

question: What year did the Safavid-Qajar war end?

question: What war did Russia lose in the late 1820's?

text: the Russo-Persian War


text: Between 1985 and 2015, Israel sent 24 delegations of IDF search and rescue unit to 22 countries. In Haiti, immediately following the 2010 earthquake, Israel was the first country to set up a field hospital capable of performing surgical operations. Israel sent over 200 medical doctors and personnel to start treating injured Haitians at the scene. At the conclusion of its humanitarian mission 11 days later, the Israeli delegation had treated more than 1,110 patients, conducted 319 successful surgeries, delivered 16 births and rescued or assisted in the rescue of four individuals. Despite radiation concerns, Israel was one of the first countries to send a medical delegation to Japan following the earthquake and tsunami disaster. Israel dispatched a medical team to the tsunami-stricken city of Kurihara in 2011. A medical clinic run by an IDF team of some 50 members featured pediatric, surgical, maternity and gynecological, and otolaryngology wards, together with an optometry department, a laboratory, a pharmacy and an intensive care unit. After treating 200 patients in two weeks, the departing emergency team donated its equipment to the Japanese.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Between

text: and

text: Israel

text: sent

text: delegations

text: of

text: IDF

text: search

text: and

text: rescue

text: unit

text: to

text: countries

text: In

text: Haiti

text: immediately

text: following

text: the

text: earthquake

text: Israel

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: country

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: field

text: hospital

text: capable

text: of

text: performing

text: surgical

text: operations

text: Israel

text: sent

text: over

text: medical

text: doctors

text: and

text: personnel

text: to

text: start

text: treating

text: injured

text: Haitians

text: at

text: the

text: scene

text: At

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: its

text: humanitarian

text: mission

text: days

text: later

text: the

text: Israeli

text: delegation

text: had

text: treated

text: more

text: than

text: patients

text: conducted

text: successful

text: surgeries

text: delivered

text: births

text: and

text: rescued

text: or

text: assisted

text: in

text: the

text: rescue

text: of

text: four

text: individuals

text: Despite

text: radiation

text: concerns

text: Israel

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: countries

text: to

text: send

text: a

text: medical

text: delegation

text: to

text: Japan

text: following

text: the

text: earthquake

text: and

text: tsunami

text: disaster

text: Israel

text: dispatched

text: a

text: medical

text: team

text: to

text: the

text: tsunami

text: stricken

text: city

text: of

text: Kurihara

text: in

text: A

text: medical

text: clinic

text: run

text: by

text: an

text: IDF

text: team

text: of

text: some

text: members

text: featured

text: pediatric

text: surgical

text: maternity

text: and

text: gynecological

text: and

text: otolaryngology

text: wards

text: together

text: with

text: an

text: optometry

text: department

text: a

text: laboratory

text: a

text: pharmacy

text: and

text: an

text: intensive

text: care

text: unit

text: After

text: treating

text: patients

text: in

text: two

text: weeks

text: the

text: departing

text: emergency

text: team

text: donated

text: its

text: equipment

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

question: How many delegations of IDF search and rescue units between 1985 and 2015?

answer: 24

question: How many doctors did Israel send to Haiti?

answer: over 200

text: over 200

question: How many patients did Israeli doctors treat in Japan?

answer: 200


text: The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with over 35,000 sworn officers. Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Police

text: Department

text: NYPD

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: largest

text: police

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: a

text: significant

text: margin

text: with

text: over

text: sworn

text: officers

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: NYPD

text: are

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: politicians

text: the

text: media

text: and

text: their

text: own

text: police

text: cars

text: by

text: the

text: nickname

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Finest

question: The largest police presence in the US is NYPD with how many people?

answer: 35,000

question: NYPD officers have a nickname that is known as what?

answer: New York's Finest

text: New York's Finest

question: What does the acronym NYPD stand for?

answer: New York City Police Department

text: New York City Police Department

question: About how many police work for the NYPD?

answer: 35,000

question: What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers?

answer: New York's Finest

text: New York's Finest


text: During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise. Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work. After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: During

text: the

text: December

text: press

text: conference

text: announcing

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: filming

text: Aston

text: Martin

text: and

text: Eon

text: unveiled

text: the

text: new

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: car

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: was

text: designed

text: in

text: collaboration

text: between

text: Aston

text: Martin

text: and

text: the

text: filmmakers

text: with

text: only

text: being

text: produced

text: especially

text: for

text: Spectre

text: as

text: a

text: celebration

text: of

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: franchise

text: Only

text: eight

text: of

text: those

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: however

text: the

text: remaining

text: two

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: promotional

text: work

text: After

text: modifying

text: the

text: Jaguar

text: C

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: Williams

text: carried

text: the

text: logo

text: on

text: their

text: cars

text: at

text: the

text: Mexican

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: with

text: the

text: team

text: playing

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: cast

text: and

text: crew

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: premiere

text: of

text: the

text: film

question: Which companies revealed Spectre's official car?

answer: Aston Martin and Eon

text: Aston Martin and Eon

question: How many DB10s were made for the movie?

answer: 10

question: Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix?

answer: Williams F1

text: Williams F1

question: What were the two DB10s that were not needed for filming used for?

answer: promotional work

text: promotional work

question: How many DB10's were produced?

answer: 10

question: What logo did the Williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix?

answer: 007

question: The press conference announcing the start of the filming was in October of what year?

question: Honda was the official car of what?

text: film

question: Aston Martin produced only 20 of what for the film?

text: car

question: The unofficial car of the film was what?


text: A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria, but a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present. Also, some risk is present for consumers of poultry meat and eggs to bacterial infections such as Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poultry products may become contaminated by these bacteria during handling, processing, marketing, or storage, resulting in food-borne illness if the product is improperly cooked or handled.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: A

text: study

text: by

text: the

text: Translational

text: Genomics

text: Research

text: Institute

text: showed

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: meat

text: and

text: poultry

text: sold

text: in

text: United

text: States

text: grocery

text: stores

text: was

text: contaminated

text: with

text: Staphylococcus

text: aureus

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: bacteria

text: concerned

text: showed

text: resistance

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: groups

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: Thorough

text: cooking

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: would

text: kill

text: these

text: bacteria

text: but

text: a

text: risk

text: of

text: cross

text: contamination

text: from

text: improper

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: raw

text: product

text: is

text: still

text: present

text: Also

text: some

text: risk

text: is

text: present

text: for

text: consumers

text: of

text: poultry

text: meat

text: and

text: eggs

text: to

text: bacterial

text: infections

text: such

text: as

text: Salmonella

text: and

text: Campylobacter

text: Poultry

text: products

text: may

text: become

text: contaminated

text: by

text: these

text: bacteria

text: during

text: handling

text: processing

text: marketing

text: or

text: storage

text: resulting

text: in

text: food

text: borne

text: illness

text: if

text: the

text: product

text: is

text: improperly

text: cooked

text: or

text: handled

question: When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?

answer: Translational Genomics Research

text: Translational Genomics Research

question: What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?

answer: 47%

question: Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of?

answer: Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,

text: Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,

question: What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry regardless of cooking method used??

answer: a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present

text: a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present

question: Why can't bacteria enter poultry?

question: What percentage of medicine is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?

question: What bacterial infections are not possible as of today?

text: Salmonella and Campylobacter

question: What is a common myth about poultry and bacteria?


text: In January 2010, YouTube launched an experimental version of the site that used the built-in multimedia capabilities of web browsers supporting the HTML5 standard. This allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player or any other plug-in to be installed. The YouTube site had a page that allowed supported browsers to opt into the HTML5 trial. Only browsers that supported HTML5 Video using the H.264 or WebM formats could play the videos, and not all videos on the site were available.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: In

text: January

text: YouTube

text: launched

text: an

text: experimental

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: that

text: used

text: the

text: built

text: in

text: multimedia

text: capabilities

text: of

text: web

text: browsers

text: supporting

text: the

text: standard

text: This

text: allowed

text: videos

text: to

text: be

text: viewed

text: without

text: requiring

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: Player

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: plug

text: in

text: to

text: be

text: installed

text: The

text: YouTube

text: site

text: had

text: a

text: page

text: that

text: allowed

text: supported

text: browsers

text: to

text: opt

text: into

text: the

text: trial

text: Only

text: browsers

text: that

text: supported

text: Video

text: using

text: the

text: or

text: WebM

text: formats

text: could

text: play

text: the

text: videos

text: and

text: not

text: all

text: videos

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: were

text: available

question: In 2010 youtube launched a version of its site that ran on what standard?

answer: HTML5

question: What was the main benefit from the switch to HTML5?

answer: allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player

text: allowed videos to be viewed without requiring Adobe Flash Player

question: How did users opt into the trial version of youtube's HTML5 site?

answer: a page

text: a page

question: What format besides H.264 was playable with HTML5?

answer: WebM

text: WebM

question: When did HTML4 become standard?

text: January 2010

question: What happened in January 2009?

question: What format besides H.264 was playable with HTML4?

text: WebM

question: What was the main benefit from the switch to HTML4?

question: When did YouTube launch a version of its site that supported the HMLT5 standard?

text: January 2010

question: What was no longer required with the support of HMLT5?

text: Adobe Flash Player

question: What were browsers supporting in order to use the H.642 or WemB formats?

text: HTML5 Video


text: A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: A

text: solar

text: chimney

text: or

text: thermal

text: chimney

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: is

text: a

text: passive

text: solar

text: ventilation

text: system

text: composed

text: of

text: a

text: vertical

text: shaft

text: connecting

text: the

text: interior

text: and

text: exterior

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: As

text: the

text: chimney

text: warms

text: the

text: air

text: inside

text: is

text: heated

text: causing

text: an

text: updraft

text: that

text: pulls

text: air

text: through

text: the

text: building

text: Performance

text: can

text: be

text: improved

text: by

text: using

text: glazing

text: and

text: thermal

text: mass

text: materials

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: mimics

text: greenhouses

question: What kind of system is a solar chimney?

answer: passive solar ventilation

text: passive solar ventilation

question: What is a solar chimney?

answer: a passive solar ventilation system

text: a passive solar ventilation system

question: What is a solar chimney made of?

answer: a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building

text: a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building

question: How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved?

answer: by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses

text: by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses


text: Throughout most of his career, Athanasius had many detractors. Classical scholar Timothy Barnes relates contemporary allegations against Athanasius: from defiling an altar, to selling Church grain that had been meant to feed the poor for his own personal gain, and even violence and murder to suppress dissent. Athanasius used "Arian" to describe both followers of Arius, and as a derogatory polemical term for Christians who disagreed with his formulation of the Trinity. Athanasius called many of his opponents "Arian", except for Miletus.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Throughout

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: Athanasius

text: had

text: many

text: detractors

text: Classical

text: scholar

text: Timothy

text: Barnes

text: relates

text: contemporary

text: allegations

text: against

text: Athanasius

text: from

text: defiling

text: an

text: altar

text: to

text: selling

text: Church

text: grain

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: meant

text: to

text: feed

text: the

text: poor

text: for

text: his

text: own

text: personal

text: gain

text: and

text: even

text: violence

text: and

text: murder

text: to

text: suppress

text: dissent

text: Athanasius

text: used

text: Arian

text: to

text: describe

text: both

text: followers

text: of

text: Arius

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: derogatory

text: polemical

text: term

text: for

text: Christians

text: who

text: disagreed

text: with

text: his

text: formulation

text: of

text: the

text: Trinity

text: Athanasius

text: called

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: opponents

text: Arian

text: except

text: for

text: Miletus

question: Was Athanasius well liked by everyone?

answer: many detractors

text: many detractors

question: What was he accused of doing to a church?

answer: defiling an altar

text: defiling an altar

question: He was accused of selling grain for what reason?

answer: his own personal gain

text: his own personal gain

question: What did he call his detractors?

answer: Arian

text: Arian

question: What did the term Arian mean to him?

answer: Christians who disagreed with his formulation

text: Christians who disagreed with his formulation

question: Who liked Athanasius?

text: Christians

question: What was he accused of doing to a mosque?

text: defiling an altar

question: What did he not call his detractors?

text: Arian

question: What did the term Arian not mean to him?

text: derogatory polemical term


text: South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that broke the dialect continuum into many geographical pockets. Migrations in the 20th century, primarily caused by urbanization and wars, also contributed to the reduction of dialectal differences.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: South

text: Slavic

text: historically

text: formed

text: a

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: i.e.

text: each

text: dialect

text: has

text: some

text: similarities

text: with

text: the

text: neighboring

text: one

text: and

text: differences

text: grow

text: with

text: distance

text: However

text: migrations

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: resulting

text: from

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: on

text: the

text: Balkans

text: have

text: caused

text: large

text: scale

text: population

text: displacement

text: that

text: broke

text: the

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: into

text: many

text: geographical

text: pockets

text: Migrations

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: primarily

text: caused

text: by

text: urbanization

text: and

text: wars

text: also

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: reduction

text: of

text: dialectal

text: differences

question: What is a dialect continuum?

answer: each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance.

text: each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance.

question: What caused the dialect continuum to become fractured?

answer: migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans

text: migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans

question: Contrary to the 16th and 18th centuries, what caused migrations in the 20th century?

answer: urbanization and wars

text: urbanization and wars

question: What did the spread of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century contribute to?

text: the reduction of dialectal differences

question: What are two characteristics of urbanization?

question: What did the Balkans create historically?

text: a dialect continuum

question: What did wars cause from the 16th to 18th centuries?

text: large-scale population displacement

question: What broke urbanization into many geographical pockets?

text: large-scale population displacement


text: Rome's diplomatic agreement with her neighbours of Latium confirmed the Latin league and brought the cult of Diana from Aricia to the Aventine. and established on the Aventine in the "commune Latinorum Dianae templum": At about the same time, the temple of Jupiter Latiaris was built on the Alban mount, its stylistic resemblance to the new Capitoline temple pointing to Rome's inclusive hegemony. Rome's affinity to the Latins allowed two Latin cults within the pomoerium: and the cult to Hercules at the ara maxima in the Forum Boarium was established through commercial connections with Tibur. and the Tusculan cult of Castor as the patron of cavalry found a home close to the Forum Romanum: Juno Sospita and Juno Regina were brought from Italy, and Fortuna Primigenia from Praeneste. In 217, Venus was brought from Sicily and installed in a temple on the Capitoline hill.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Rome

text: 's

text: diplomatic

text: agreement

text: with

text: her

text: neighbours

text: of

text: Latium

text: confirmed

text: the

text: Latin

text: league

text: and

text: brought

text: the

text: cult

text: of

text: Diana

text: from

text: Aricia

text: to

text: the

text: Aventine

text: and

text: established

text: on

text: the

text: Aventine

text: in

text: the

text: commune

text: Latinorum

text: Dianae

text: templum

text: At

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: temple

text: of

text: Jupiter

text: Latiaris

text: was

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: Alban

text: mount

text: its

text: stylistic

text: resemblance

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: Capitoline

text: temple

text: pointing

text: to

text: Rome

text: 's

text: inclusive

text: hegemony

text: Rome

text: 's

text: affinity

text: to

text: the

text: Latins

text: allowed

text: two

text: Latin

text: cults

text: within

text: the

text: pomoerium

text: and

text: the

text: cult

text: to

text: Hercules

text: at

text: the

text: ara

text: maxima

text: in

text: the

text: Forum

text: Boarium

text: was

text: established

text: through

text: commercial

text: connections

text: with

text: Tibur

text: and

text: the

text: Tusculan

text: cult

text: of

text: Castor

text: as

text: the

text: patron

text: of

text: cavalry

text: found

text: a

text: home

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Forum

text: Romanum

text: Juno

text: Sospita

text: and

text: Juno

text: Regina

text: were

text: brought

text: from

text: Italy

text: and

text: Fortuna

text: Primigenia

text: from

text: Praeneste

text: In

text: Venus

text: was

text: brought

text: from

text: Sicily

text: and

text: installed

text: in

text: a

text: temple

text: on

text: the

text: Capitoline

text: hill

question: Whose cult appeared from Africa at the time of the Latin League?

answer: Diana

text: Diana

question: To whom was a new temple dedicated on the Alban Mount?

answer: Jupiter Latiaris

text: Jupiter Latiaris

question: What cult was formed at the ars maxima in the Forum Boarium ?

answer: Hercules

text: Hercules

question: For what group was Castor a patron?

answer: cavalry

text: cavalry

question: From where was Venus brought and lodged on the Capitoline Hill?

answer: Sicily

text: Sicily


text: Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote social development.'

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Nunzia

text: Rondanini

text: stated

text: Through

text: its

text: aesthetic

text: dimension

text: architecture

text: goes

text: beyond

text: the

text: functional

text: aspects

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: in

text: common

text: with

text: other

text: human

text: sciences

text: Through

text: its

text: own

text: particular

text: way

text: of

text: expressing

text: values

text: architecture

text: can

text: stimulate

text: and

text: influence

text: social

text: life

text: without

text: presuming

text: that

text: in

text: and

text: of

text: itself

text: it

text: will

text: promote

text: social

text: development

question: Who said that architecture was able extend beyond function?

answer: Nunzia Rondanini

text: Nunzia Rondanini

question: In what way did Nunzia Rondanini believe architecture moved past mere functionality?

answer: Through its aesthetic dimension

text: Through its aesthetic dimension

question: What could, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"?

answer: social life

text: social life

question: What shouldn't architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?

answer: social development

text: social development

question: What does architecture share with other sciences?

answer: functional aspects

text: functional aspects

question: Who said that architecture wasn't able extend beyond function?

text: Nunzia Rondanini

question: In what way did Nunzia Rondanini not believe architecture moved past mere functionality?

text: Through its aesthetic dimension

question: What couldn't, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"?

text: social life

question: What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?

text: social development

question: How does architecture differ from other sciences?

text: functional aspects


text: At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Though dates of composition vary, these works were fixed around 800 BC or after. In the classical period many of the genres of western literature became more prominent. Lyrical poetry, odes, pastorals, elegies, epigrams; dramatic presentations of comedy and tragedy; historiography, rhetorical treatises, philosophical dialectics, and philosophical treatises all arose in this period. The two major lyrical poets were Sappho and Pindar. The Classical era also saw the dawn of drama.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: Greek

text: literature

text: stand

text: the

text: two

text: monumental

text: works

text: of

text: Homer

text: the

text: Iliad

text: and

text: the

text: Odyssey

text: Though

text: dates

text: of

text: composition

text: vary

text: these

text: works

text: were

text: fixed

text: around

text: BC

text: or

text: after

text: In

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: western

text: literature

text: became

text: more

text: prominent

text: Lyrical

text: poetry

text: odes

text: pastorals

text: elegies

text: epigrams

text: dramatic

text: presentations

text: of

text: comedy

text: and

text: tragedy

text: historiography

text: rhetorical

text: treatises

text: philosophical

text: dialectics

text: and

text: philosophical

text: treatises

text: all

text: arose

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: The

text: two

text: major

text: lyrical

text: poets

text: were

text: Sappho

text: and

text: Pindar

text: The

text: Classical

text: era

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: dawn

text: of

text: drama

question: What are two works by Homer?

answer: Iliad and the Odyssey

text: Iliad and the Odyssey

question: During what time period did Homer write the Iliad and the Odyssey?

answer: 800 BC

text: 800 BC

question: Who were two major lyrical poets?

answer: Sappho and Pindar

text: Sappho and Pindar

question: When did drama first begin in history?

answer: Classical era

text: Classical era


text: Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome." At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: Albania

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: state

text: for

text: its

text: perceived

text: strongly

text: pro

text: American

text: positions

text: mainly

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: policies

text: towards

text: it

text: In

text: reference

text: to

text: President

text: George

text: W.

text: Bush

text: 's

text: European

text: tour

text: Edi

text: Rama

text: Tirana

text: 's

text: mayor

text: and

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: opposition

text: Socialists

text: said

text: Albania

text: is

text: for

text: sure

text: the

text: most

text: pro

text: American

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: maybe

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Nowhere

text: else

text: can

text: you

text: find

text: such

text: respect

text: and

text: hospitality

text: for

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Even

text: in

text: Michigan

text: he

text: would

text: n't

text: be

text: as

text: welcome

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: ex

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: James

text: Baker

text: 's

text: visit

text: in

text: there

text: was

text: even

text: a

text: move

text: to

text: hold

text: a

text: referendum

text: declaring

text: the

text: country

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: state

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Albania

text: Kosovo

text: which

text: is

text: predominately

text: Albanian

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: state

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: heavily

text: presence

text: and

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: US

text: has

text: had

text: troops

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: base

text: outside

text: US

text: territory

text: Camp

text: Bondsteel

text: in

text: the

text: territory

text: since

question: Who is the mayor of Tirana?

answer: Edi Rama,

text: Edi Rama,

question: Who said that Albania is the most pro-American country in Europe?

answer: Edi Rama

text: Edi Rama

question: When did James Baker visit Albania as Secretary of State?

answer: 1992

question: What is the name of the largest US military base outside of US territory?

answer: Camp Bondsteel

text: Camp Bondsteel

question: Who is the mayor of Albania?

text: Edi Rama

question: Who said that Albania is the most pro-Bondsteel country in Europe?

text: Edi Rama

question: When did James Baker visit the United States as Secretary of State?

question: What is the name of the largest Albanian military base outside of Albanian territory?

text: Camp Bondsteel

question: Who is the leader of the Socialists?

text: Edi Rama


text: Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Architects

text: such

text: as

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: developed

text: Organic

text: architecture

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: form

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: environment

text: and

text: purpose

text: with

text: an

text: aim

text: to

text: promote

text: harmony

text: between

text: human

text: habitation

text: and

text: the

text: natural

text: world

text: with

text: prime

text: examples

text: being

text: Robie

text: House

text: and

text: Fallingwater

question: Who was instrumental in creating Organic architecture?

answer: Frank Lloyd Wright

text: Frank Lloyd Wright

question: What are two of Wright's designs?

answer: Robie House and Fallingwater

text: Robie House and Fallingwater

question: What was Wright's intention regarding humans and nature?

answer: to promote harmony

text: to promote harmony

question: Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture?

text: Frank Lloyd Wright

question: Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture?

text: Frank Lloyd Wright

question: What are four of Wright's designs?

text: Robie House and Fallingwater

question: Wright wanted to promote disharmony in what two groups?

text: human habitation and the natural world


text: Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: foundation

text: has

text: decided

text: not

text: to

text: fund

text: abortion

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: questions

text: about

text: this

text: decision

text: Gates

text: stated

text: in

text: a

text: June

text: blog

text: post

text: that

text: she

text: struggle[s

text: with

text: the

text: issue

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: emotional

text: and

text: personal

text: debate

text: about

text: abortion

text: is

text: threatening

text: to

text: get

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: lifesaving

text: consensus

text: regarding

text: basic

text: family

text: planning

text: Up

text: to

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: provided

text: million

text: to

text: Planned

text: Parenthood

text: the

text: primary

text: U.S.

text: abortion

text: provider

text: and

text: affiliated

text: organizations

question: What did the foundation decide not to fund

answer: has decided not to fund abortion"

text: has decided not to fund abortion"

question: WHy did they decide not to fund abortion

answer: the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning

text: the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning

question: Before 2013 the foundation gave how how much to planned parenthood

answer: Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood

text: Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood

question: Who decided not to fund basic family planning?

text: Melinda Gates

question: In 2013 what debate did Bill Gates say is in the way of family planning?

question: How much did Bill & Melinda Gates donate for family planning up to 2013?

text: $71 million

question: What affiliated organization is the primary US abortion provider?

text: Planned Parenthood

question: What issue did Bill Gates say he struggled with in 2014?

text: abortion


text: Many modern specialty matches have been devised, with unique winning conditions. The most common of these is the ladder match. In the basic ladder match, the wrestlers or teams of wrestlers must climb a ladder to obtain a prize that is hoisted above the ring. The key to winning this match is that the wrestler or team of wrestlers must try to incapacitate each other long enough for one wrestler to climb the ladder and secure that prize for their team. As a result, the ladder can be used as a weapon. The prizes include – but are not limited to any given championship belt (the traditional prize), a document granting the winner the right to a future title shot, or any document that matters to the wrestlers involved in the match (such as one granting the winner a cash prize). Another common specialty match is known as the battle royal. In a battle royal, all the wrestlers enter the ring to the point that there are 20-30 wrestlers in the ring at one time. When the match begins, the simple objective is to throw the opponent over the top rope and out of the ring with both feet on the floor in order to eliminate that opponent. The last wrestler standing is declared the winner. A variant on this type of match is the WWE's Royal Rumble where two wrestlers enter the ring to start the match and other wrestlers follow in 90 second intervals (previously 2 minutes) until 30-40 wrestlers have entered the ring. All other rules stay the same. For more match types, see Professional wrestling match types.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Many

text: modern

text: specialty

text: matches

text: have

text: been

text: devised

text: with

text: unique

text: winning

text: conditions

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: of

text: these

text: is

text: the

text: ladder

text: match

text: In

text: the

text: basic

text: ladder

text: match

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: or

text: teams

text: of

text: wrestlers

text: must

text: climb

text: a

text: ladder

text: to

text: obtain

text: a

text: prize

text: that

text: is

text: hoisted

text: above

text: the

text: ring

text: The

text: key

text: to

text: winning

text: this

text: match

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: wrestler

text: or

text: team

text: of

text: wrestlers

text: must

text: try

text: to

text: incapacitate

text: each

text: other

text: long

text: enough

text: for

text: one

text: wrestler

text: to

text: climb

text: the

text: ladder

text: and

text: secure

text: that

text: prize

text: for

text: their

text: team

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: ladder

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: weapon

text: The

text: prizes

text: include

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: any

text: given

text: championship

text: belt

text: the

text: traditional

text: prize

text: a

text: document

text: granting

text: the

text: winner

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: a

text: future

text: title

text: shot

text: or

text: any

text: document

text: that

text: matters

text: to

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: match

text: such

text: as

text: one

text: granting

text: the

text: winner

text: a

text: cash

text: prize

text: Another

text: common

text: specialty

text: match

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: battle

text: royal

text: In

text: a

text: battle

text: royal

text: all

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: enter

text: the

text: ring

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: wrestlers

text: in

text: the

text: ring

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: When

text: the

text: match

text: begins

text: the

text: simple

text: objective

text: is

text: to

text: throw

text: the

text: opponent

text: over

text: the

text: top

text: rope

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: with

text: both

text: feet

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: eliminate

text: that

text: opponent

text: The

text: last

text: wrestler

text: standing

text: is

text: declared

text: the

text: winner

text: A

text: variant

text: on

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: match

text: is

text: the

text: WWE

text: 's

text: Royal

text: Rumble

text: where

text: two

text: wrestlers

text: enter

text: the

text: ring

text: to

text: start

text: the

text: match

text: and

text: other

text: wrestlers

text: follow

text: in

text: second

text: intervals

text: previously

text: minutes

text: until

text: wrestlers

text: have

text: entered

text: the

text: ring

text: All

text: other

text: rules

text: stay

text: the

text: same

text: For

text: more

text: match

text: types

text: see

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: match

text: types

question: What is the most common of the special matches?

answer: The most common of these is the ladder match

text: The most common of these is the ladder match

question: What must the wrestlers do in a ladder match?

answer: In the basic ladder match, the wrestlers or teams of wrestlers must climb a ladder to obtain a prize that is hoisted above the ring.

text: In the basic ladder match, the wrestlers or teams of wrestlers must climb a ladder to obtain a prize that is hoisted above the ring.

question: How does one win a ladder match?

answer: the wrestler or team of wrestlers must try to incapacitate each other long enough for one wrestler to climb the ladder and secure that prize for their team.

text: the wrestler or team of wrestlers must try to incapacitate each other long enough for one wrestler to climb the ladder and secure that prize for their team.

question: What is a common prize in a ladder match?

answer: championship belt

text: championship belt

question: How many wrestlers are in a standard battle royal match?

answer: 20-30 wrestlers

text: 20-30 wrestlers


text: Four boarders at his parents' apartments became Chopin's intimates: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana; the latter two would become part of his Paris milieu. He was friendly with members of Warsaw's young artistic and intellectual world, including Fontana, Józef Bohdan Zaleski and Stefan Witwicki. He was also attracted to the singing student Konstancja Gładkowska. In letters to Woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 May 1830 revealed that the slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) was secretly dedicated to her – "It should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime – by moonlight." His final Conservatory report (July 1829) read: "Chopin F., third-year student, exceptional talent, musical genius."

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Four

text: boarders

text: at

text: his

text: parents

text: apartments

text: became

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: intimates

text: Tytus

text: Woyciechowski

text: Jan

text: Nepomucen

text: Białobłocki

text: Jan

text: Matuszyński

text: and

text: Julian

text: Fontana

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: would

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: Paris

text: milieu

text: He

text: was

text: friendly

text: with

text: members

text: of

text: Warsaw

text: 's

text: young

text: artistic

text: and

text: intellectual

text: world

text: including

text: Fontana

text: Józef

text: Bohdan

text: Zaleski

text: and

text: Stefan

text: Witwicki

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: attracted

text: to

text: the

text: singing

text: student

text: Konstancja

text: Gładkowska

text: In

text: letters

text: to

text: Woyciechowski

text: he

text: indicated

text: which

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: and

text: even

text: which

text: of

text: their

text: passages

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: his

text: fascination

text: with

text: her

text: his

text: letter

text: of

text: May

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: slow

text: movement

text: Larghetto

text: of

text: his

text: Piano

text: Concerto

text: No

text: in

text: E

text: minor

text: was

text: secretly

text: dedicated

text: to

text: her

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: like

text: dreaming

text: in

text: beautiful

text: springtime

text: by

text: moonlight

text: His

text: final

text: Conservatory

text: report

text: July

text: read

text: Chopin

text: F.

text: third

text: year

text: student

text: exceptional

text: talent

text: musical

text: genius

question: Of the individuals that became intimate with Frédéric during their stay at the family apartments, which two became part of Frédéric's social environment in Paris?

answer: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

text: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

question: Which singer was cited specifically as someone Frédéric was attracted to?

answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

text: Konstancja Gładkowska

question: What four boys from his family's boarding house became friends with Chopin?

answer: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

text: Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen Białobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

question: Which singer did Chopin become fascinated with?

answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

text: Konstancja Gładkowska

question: Which of Chopin's works was unknowingly dedicated to Gladkowska?

answer: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

text: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

question: When did Chopin receive his last Conservatory report?

answer: July 1829

text: July 1829

question: Which two of Chopin's friends became part of his Paris milieu?

answer: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

text: Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana

question: What was the name of the singing student Chopin was attracted to?

answer: Konstancja Gładkowska

text: Konstancja Gładkowska

question: To whom did Chopin reveal in letters which parts of his work were about the singing student he was infatuated with?

answer: Tytus Woyciechowski

text: Tytus Woyciechowski

question: What musical piece had a Larghetto dedicated to the female singing student Chopin was infatuated with?

answer: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

text: Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor)

question: How many boarders of his family's boarding house became intimate friends with Chopin?

answer: Four

text: Four


text: The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: treaty

text: the

text: eschatocol

text: or

text: closing

text: protocol

text: is

text: often

text: signaled

text: by

text: a

text: clause

text: like

text: in

text: witness

text: whereof

text: or

text: in

text: faith

text: whereof

text: the

text: parties

text: have

text: affixed

text: their

text: signatures

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: words

text: DONE

text: at

text: then

text: the

text: site(s

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: 's

text: execution

text: and

text: the

text: date(s

text: of

text: its

text: execution

text: The

text: date

text: is

text: typically

text: written

text: in

text: its

text: most

text: formal

text: longest

text: possible

text: form

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Charter

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: was

text: DONE

text: at

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: the

text: twenty

text: sixth

text: day

text: of

text: June

text: one

text: thousand

text: nine

text: hundred

text: and

text: forty

text: five

text: If

text: the

text: treaty

text: is

text: executed

text: in

text: multiple

text: copies

text: in

text: different

text: languages

text: that

text: fact

text: is

text: always

text: noted

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: stipulation

text: that

text: the

text: versions

text: in

text: different

text: languages

text: are

text: equally

text: authentic

question: What is the formal name for the closing protocol of a treaty?

answer: the eschatocol

text: the eschatocol

question: What typically follows the signatures in a treaty?

answer: the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s)

text: the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s)

question: How is the date typically written in a treaty?

answer: its most formal, longest possible form

text: its most formal, longest possible form

question: What is the nature of the different versions of a treaty executed in multiple languages?

answer: equally authentic

text: equally authentic

question: A clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof" typically signals what in a treaty?

answer: The end

text: The end


text: The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: "They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: made

text: into

text: the

text: well

text: received

text: film

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: title

text: starring

text: Gregory

text: Peck

text: as

text: Atticus

text: Finch

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: producer

text: Alan

text: J.

text: Pakula

text: remembered

text: Universal

text: Pictures

text: executives

text: questioning

text: him

text: about

text: a

text: potential

text: script

text: They

text: said

text: What

text: story

text: do

text: you

text: plan

text: to

text: tell

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: I

text: said

text: Have

text: you

text: read

text: the

text: book

text: They

text: said

text: Yes

text: I

text: said

text: That

text: 's

text: the

text: story

text: The

text: movie

text: was

text: a

text: hit

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: quickly

text: grossing

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: from

text: a

text: budget

text: It

text: won

text: three

text: Oscars

text: Best

text: Actor

text: for

text: Gregory

text: Peck

text: Best

text: Art

text: Direction

text: Set

text: Decoration

text: Black

text: and

text: White

text: and

text: Best

text: Writing

text: Screenplay

text: Based

text: on

text: Material

text: from

text: Another

text: Medium

text: for

text: Horton

text: Foote

text: It

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: five

text: more

text: Oscars

text: including

text: Best

text: Actress

text: in

text: a

text: Supporting

text: Role

text: for

text: Mary

text: Badham

text: the

text: actress

text: who

text: played

text: Scout

question: A movie adaptation of the book was released in what year?

answer: 1962

question: Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same title?

answer: Gregory Peck

text: Gregory Peck

question: Which actor received An Oscar for his role of Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the book?

answer: Gregory Peck

text: Gregory Peck


text: Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls. These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: has

text: counties

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: stating

text: Montana

text: 's

text: contains

text: places

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: incorporated

text: places

text: and

text: census

text: designated

text: places

text: Incorporated

text: places

text: consist

text: of

text: cities

text: towns

text: and

text: two

text: consolidated

text: city

text: counties

text: Montana

text: has

text: one

text: city

text: Billings

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: over

text: and

text: two

text: cities

text: with

text: populations

text: over

text: Missoula

text: and

text: Great

text: Falls

text: These

text: three

text: communities

text: are

text: considered

text: the

text: centers

text: of

text: Montana

text: 's

text: three

text: Metropolitan

text: Statistical

text: Areas

question: How many counties does Montana have?

answer: 56

question: What city in Montana has over 100,000 people?

answer: Billings

text: Billings

question: What two cities have a population over 50,000?

answer: Missoula and Great Falls

text: Missoula and Great Falls


text: Cyprus has one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean part of the European Union.[citation needed] The average annual temperature on the coast is around 24 °C (75 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night. Generally, summers last about eight months, beginning in April with average temperatures of 21–23 °C (70–73 °F) during the day and 11–13 °C (52–55 °F) at night, and ending in November with average temperatures of 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) during the day and 12–14 °C (54–57 °F) at night, although in the remaining four months temperatures sometimes exceed 20 °C (68 °F).

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Cyprus

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: warmest

text: climates

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: average

text: annual

text: temperature

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: is

text: around

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: Generally

text: summers

text: last

text: about

text: eight

text: months

text: beginning

text: in

text: April

text: with

text: average

text: temperatures

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: and

text: ending

text: in

text: November

text: with

text: average

text: temperatures

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: although

text: in

text: the

text: remaining

text: four

text: months

text: temperatures

text: sometimes

text: exceed

text: C

text: F

question: What type of climate does Cyprus have?

answer: one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean

text: one of the warmest climates in the Mediterranean

question: In Cyprus, what is the average temperature during the day?

answer: 24 °C (75 °F)

text: 24 °C (75 °F)

question: How long do summers generally last on Cyprus?

answer: eight months

text: eight months

question: What month typically marks the end of summer on Cyprus?

answer: November

text: November


text: A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. However, the term 'proton' is sometimes used loosely and metaphorically to refer to positively charged or cationic hydrogen attached to other species in this fashion, and as such is denoted "H+" without any implication that any single protons exist freely as a species.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: A

text: bare

text: proton

text: H+

text: can

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: solution

text: or

text: in

text: ionic

text: crystals

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: unstoppable

text: attraction

text: to

text: other

text: atoms

text: or

text: molecules

text: with

text: electrons

text: Except

text: at

text: the

text: high

text: temperatures

text: associated

text: with

text: plasmas

text: such

text: protons

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: electron

text: clouds

text: of

text: atoms

text: and

text: molecules

text: and

text: will

text: remain

text: attached

text: to

text: them

text: However

text: the

text: term

text: proton

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: loosely

text: and

text: metaphorically

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: positively

text: charged

text: or

text: cationic

text: hydrogen

text: attached

text: to

text: other

text: species

text: in

text: this

text: fashion

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: is

text: denoted

text: H+

text: without

text: any

text: implication

text: that

text: any

text: single

text: protons

text: exist

text: freely

text: as

text: a

text: species

question: What is another term for a bare proton?

answer: H+

text: H+


text: Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways," Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last more than 1200 hours. In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to execute use of a dynamo).

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: began

text: serious

text: research

text: into

text: developing

text: a

text: practical

text: incandescent

text: lamp

text: in

text: Edison

text: filed

text: his

text: first

text: patent

text: application

text: for

text: Improvement

text: In

text: Electric

text: Lights

text: on

text: October

text: After

text: many

text: experiments

text: first

text: with

text: carbon

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: then

text: with

text: platinum

text: and

text: other

text: metals

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: Edison

text: returned

text: to

text: a

text: carbon

text: filament

text: The

text: first

text: successful

text: test

text: was

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: lasted

text: hours

text: Edison

text: continued

text: to

text: improve

text: this

text: design

text: and

text: by

text: November

text: filed

text: for

text: a

text: US

text: patent

text: for

text: an

text: electric

text: lamp

text: using

text: a

text: carbon

text: filament

text: or

text: strip

text: coiled

text: and

text: connected

text: to

text: platina

text: contact

text: wires

text: Although

text: the

text: patent

text: described

text: several

text: ways

text: of

text: creating

text: the

text: carbon

text: filament

text: including

text: using

text: cotton

text: and

text: linen

text: thread

text: wood

text: splints

text: papers

text: coiled

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: Edison

text: and

text: his

text: team

text: later

text: discovered

text: that

text: a

text: carbonized

text: bamboo

text: filament

text: could

text: last

text: more

text: than

text: hours

text: In

text: the

text: Oregon

text: Railroad

text: and

text: Navigation

text: Company

text: steamer

text: Columbia

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: application

text: for

text: Edison

text: 's

text: incandescent

text: electric

text: lamps

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: ship

text: to

text: execute

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: dynamo

question: When did Edison begin research into incandescent lighting?

answer: 1878

question: With what material did Edison make his first filament?

answer: carbon

text: carbon

question: How long did Edison's light burn during his first successful test in 1879?

answer: 13.5 hours

text: 13.5 hours

question: What type of wood did Edison use in his improved filament?

answer: bamboo

text: bamboo

question: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?

answer: Columbia

text: Columbia

question: Who began research into developing a practical incandescent lamp?

text: Thomas Edison

question: Who filed his first patent application in 1890?

text: Thomas Edison

question: What did Edison turn refuse to use after his experiment with platinum and other metals?

text: carbon

question: What type of material was not used in the US patent for an electric lamp in November 1879?

text: carbon

question: What type of material did Edison use that could not last more than 1200 hours?

text: bamboo