text: Finally, on 26 June, four days after France sued for an armistice with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum demanding Bessarabia and, unexpectedly, Northern Bukovina from Romania. Two days later, the Romanians caved to the Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territory. The Hertza region was initially not requested by the USSR but was later occupied by force after the Romanians agreed to the initial Soviet demands. The subsequent waves of deportations began in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Finally

text: on

text: June

text: four

text: days

text: after

text: France

text: sued

text: for

text: an

text: armistice

text: with

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: issued

text: an

text: ultimatum

text: demanding

text: Bessarabia

text: and

text: unexpectedly

text: Northern

text: Bukovina

text: from

text: Romania

text: Two

text: days

text: later

text: the

text: Romanians

text: caved

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: demands

text: and

text: the

text: Soviets

text: occupied

text: the

text: territory

text: The

text: Hertza

text: region

text: was

text: initially

text: not

text: requested

text: by

text: the

text: USSR

text: but

text: was

text: later

text: occupied

text: by

text: force

text: after

text: the

text: Romanians

text: agreed

text: to

text: the

text: initial

text: Soviet

text: demands

text: The

text: subsequent

text: waves

text: of

text: deportations

text: began

text: in

text: Bessarabia

text: and

text: Northern

text: Bukovina

question: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians meet the requests of the USSR?

answer: 6

question: What month did France sue for peace?

answer: June

text: June

question: How many days did it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests?

answer: Two days

text: Two days

question: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians reject the requests of the USSR?

text: Two

question: What month didn't France sue for peace?

text: June

question: What month did France sue for war?

text: June

question: How many days didn't it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests?

text: Two days

question: How many days did it take for the Romanians reject the Soviets requests?

text: Two days


text: The album also featured the hit single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which was number one in the UK for nine weeks. Mercury's close friend and advisor, Capital London radio DJ Kenny Everett, played a pivotal role in giving the single exposure. It is the third-best-selling single of all time in the UK, surpassed only by Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997", and is the best-selling commercial single in the UK. It also reached number nine in the United States (a 1992 re-release reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks). It is the only single ever to sell a million copies on two separate occasions, and became the Christmas number one twice in the UK, the only single ever to do so. "Bohemian Rhapsody" has been voted numerous times the greatest song of all time. The band decided to make a video to help go with the single and hired Trilion, a subsidiary of the former management company Trident Studios, using new technology to create the video; the result is generally considered to have been the first "true" music video ever produced, and popularised the medium. The album's first track "Death on Two Legs" is said to be written by Mercury about Norman Sheffield and the former management at Trident who helped make the video so popular. Although other bands, including the Beatles, had made short promotional films or videos of songs prior to this, generally, those were specifically made to be aired on specific television shows. On the impact of "Bohemian Rhapsody", Rolling Stone states: "Its influence cannot be overstated, practically inventing the music video seven years before MTV went on the air." The second single from the album, "You're My Best Friend", the second song composed by John Deacon, and his first single, peaked at number sixteen in the United States and went on to become a worldwide Top Ten hit. The band's A Night at the Opera Tour began in November 1975, and covered Europe, the United States, Japan, and Australia.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: album

text: also

text: featured

text: the

text: hit

text: single

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: which

text: was

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: for

text: nine

text: weeks

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: close

text: friend

text: and

text: advisor

text: Capital

text: London

text: radio

text: DJ

text: Kenny

text: Everett

text: played

text: a

text: pivotal

text: role

text: in

text: giving

text: the

text: single

text: exposure

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: best

text: selling

text: single

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: surpassed

text: only

text: by

text: Band

text: Aid

text: 's

text: Do

text: They

text: Know

text: It

text: 's

text: Christmas

text: and

text: Elton

text: John

text: 's

text: Candle

text: in

text: the

text: Wind

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: commercial

text: single

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: It

text: also

text: reached

text: number

text: nine

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: a

text: re

text: release

text: reached

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: for

text: five

text: weeks

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: single

text: ever

text: to

text: sell

text: a

text: million

text: copies

text: on

text: two

text: separate

text: occasions

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: Christmas

text: number

text: one

text: twice

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: the

text: only

text: single

text: ever

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: has

text: been

text: voted

text: numerous

text: times

text: the

text: greatest

text: song

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: The

text: band

text: decided

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: video

text: to

text: help

text: go

text: with

text: the

text: single

text: and

text: hired

text: Trilion

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: management

text: company

text: Trident

text: Studios

text: using

text: new

text: technology

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: video

text: the

text: result

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: first

text: true

text: music

text: video

text: ever

text: produced

text: and

text: popularised

text: the

text: medium

text: The

text: album

text: 's

text: first

text: track

text: Death

text: on

text: Two

text: Legs

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: written

text: by

text: Mercury

text: about

text: Norman

text: Sheffield

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: management

text: at

text: Trident

text: who

text: helped

text: make

text: the

text: video

text: so

text: popular

text: Although

text: other

text: bands

text: including

text: the

text: Beatles

text: had

text: made

text: short

text: promotional

text: films

text: or

text: videos

text: of

text: songs

text: prior

text: to

text: this

text: generally

text: those

text: were

text: specifically

text: made

text: to

text: be

text: aired

text: on

text: specific

text: television

text: shows

text: On

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: states

text: Its

text: influence

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: overstated

text: practically

text: inventing

text: the

text: music

text: video

text: seven

text: years

text: before

text: MTV

text: went

text: on

text: the

text: air

text: The

text: second

text: single

text: from

text: the

text: album

text: You

text: 're

text: My

text: Best

text: Friend

text: the

text: second

text: song

text: composed

text: by

text: John

text: Deacon

text: and

text: his

text: first

text: single

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: sixteen

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: worldwide

text: Top

text: Ten

text: hit

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: A

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Opera

text: Tour

text: began

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: covered

text: Europe

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Japan

text: and

text: Australia

question: Which Queen song was number one on the UK charts for nine weeks?

answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

text: Bohemian Rhapsody

question: What is the third best selling single of all time in the UK?

answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

text: Bohemian Rhapsody

question: What Queen single sold a million copies on two separate occasions?

answer: Bohemian Rhapsody

text: Bohemian Rhapsody

question: In what year did Queen's A Night at the Opera Tour begin?

answer: 1975

question: Queen's 1975 tour included Europe and what three countries?

answer: United States, Japan, and Australia

text: United States, Japan, and Australia


text: The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,810 m (15,781 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,123 ft), known as the "four-thousanders".

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Alps

text: /ælps/

text: Italian

text: Alpi

text: ˈalpi

text: French

text: Alpes

text: alp

text: German

text: Alpen

text: ˈʔalpm̩

text: Slovene

text: Alpe

text: ˈáːlpɛ

text: are

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: most

text: extensive

text: mountain

text: range

text: system

text: that

text: lies

text: entirely

text: in

text: Europe

text: stretching

text: approximately

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: across

text: eight

text: Alpine

text: countries

text: Austria

text: France

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Liechtenstein

text: Monaco

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: are

text: higher

text: and

text: the

text: Urals

text: longer

text: but

text: both

text: lie

text: partly

text: in

text: Asia

text: The

text: mountains

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: and

text: Eurasian

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: collided

text: Extreme

text: shortening

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: event

text: resulted

text: in

text: marine

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: rising

text: by

text: thrusting

text: and

text: folding

text: into

text: high

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: and

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: spans

text: the

text: French

text: Italian

text: border

text: and

text: at

text: m

text: ft

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: The

text: Alpine

text: region

text: area

text: contains

text: about

text: a

text: hundred

text: peaks

text: higher

text: than

text: m

text: ft

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: four

text: thousanders

question: What Country are the Alps located in?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: How many kilometres do the Alps stretch?

answer: 1,200 kilometres

text: 1,200 kilometres

question: How long has it taken for the Alps to form?

answer: over tens of millions of years

text: over tens of millions of years

question: What is the highest mountain in the Alps?

answer: Mont Blanc

text: Mont Blanc

question: The Alpine region is also known as what?

answer: the "four-thousanders"

text: the "four-thousanders"


text: The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris), for over a century. In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula). All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: two

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: have

text: subway

text: systems

text: Lisbon

text: Metro

text: and

text: Metro

text: Sul

text: do

text: Tejo

text: in

text: the

text: Lisbon

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: and

text: Porto

text: Metro

text: in

text: the

text: Porto

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: each

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: lines

text: In

text: Portugal

text: Lisbon

text: tram

text: services

text: have

text: been

text: supplied

text: by

text: the

text: Companhia

text: de

text: Carris

text: de

text: Ferro

text: de

text: Lisboa

text: Carris

text: for

text: over

text: a

text: century

text: In

text: Porto

text: a

text: tram

text: network

text: of

text: which

text: only

text: a

text: tourist

text: line

text: on

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: Douro

text: remain

text: began

text: construction

text: on

text: September

text: a

text: first

text: for

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: All

text: major

text: cities

text: and

text: towns

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: local

text: urban

text: transport

text: network

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: taxi

text: services

question: What are the two subway systems in Portugal?

answer: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area

text: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area

question: How long are each of the subway systems?

answer: more than 35 km (22 mi)

text: more than 35 km (22 mi)

question: By what company have the Lisbon tram services been supplies by?

answer: Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)

text: Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)

question: For how long has the Libon tram service existed?

answer: over a century

text: over a century


text: Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the trajectory, similarly to what was done for Voyager 1's encounter with Saturn and its moon Titan. The images relayed back to Earth from Voyager 2 became the basis of a 1989 PBS all-night program, Neptune All Night.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Voyager

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: spacecraft

text: that

text: has

text: visited

text: Neptune

text: The

text: spacecraft

text: 's

text: closest

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: planet

text: occurred

text: on

text: August

text: Because

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: planet

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: could

text: visit

text: it

text: was

text: decided

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: close

text: flyby

text: of

text: the

text: moon

text: Triton

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: consequences

text: to

text: the

text: trajectory

text: similarly

text: to

text: what

text: was

text: done

text: for

text: Voyager

text: 's

text: encounter

text: with

text: Saturn

text: and

text: its

text: moon

text: Titan

text: The

text: images

text: relayed

text: back

text: to

text: Earth

text: from

text: Voyager

text: became

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: a

text: PBS

text: all

text: night

text: program

text: Neptune

text: All

text: Night

question: What is the only spacecraft to visit Neptune?

answer: Voyager 2

text: Voyager 2

question: When did a spacecraft get closest to Neptune?

answer: 25 August 1989

text: 25 August 1989

question: What near Neptune did a spacecraft visit dangerously close?

answer: Triton

text: Triton

question: What program aired on PBS about Neptune?

answer: Neptune All Night

text: Neptune All Night

question: What is the only spacecraft to never visit Neptune?

text: Voyager 2

question: When did a spacecraft refuse to get close to Neptune?

text: 25 August 1989

question: What near Neptune did a spacecraft land on?

text: Triton

question: What program aired on NBC about Neptune?

text: Neptune All Night

question: What aired in 1984?


text: Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Marien

text: Ngouabi

text: who

text: had

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: coup

text: assumed

text: the

text: presidency

text: on

text: December

text: One

text: year

text: later

text: President

text: Ngouabi

text: proclaimed

text: Congo

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: people

text: 's

text: republic

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: and

text: announced

text: the

text: decision

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Revolutionary

text: Movement

text: to

text: change

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: Congolese

text: Labour

text: Party

text: PCT

text: Ngouabi

text: survived

text: an

text: attempted

text: coup

text: in

text: but

text: was

text: assassinated

text: on

text: March

text: An

text: Military

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: Party

text: CMP

text: was

text: then

text: named

text: to

text: head

text: an

text: interim

text: government

text: with

text: Joachim

text: Yhombi

text: Opango

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: Two

text: years

text: later

text: Yhombi

text: Opango

text: was

text: forced

text: from

text: power

text: and

text: Denis

text: Sassou

text: Nguesso

text: become

text: the

text: new

text: president

question: Who became president of the Congo in 1968?

answer: Marien Ngouabi

text: Marien Ngouabi

question: What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?

answer: People's Republic of the Congo

text: People's Republic of the Congo

question: What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become?

answer: Congolese Labour Party

text: Congolese Labour Party

question: In what year was a coup attempted against Ngouabi?

answer: 1972

question: On what date was Ngouabi assassinated?

answer: March 16, 1977

text: March 16, 1977

question: Who left the presidency on December 31, 1968?

text: Marien Ngouabi

question: Who became president after Denis Sassou Nguesso?

text: Joachim Yhombi-Opango

question: What did the Congo's name change to under Denis Sassou Nguesso?

text: People's Republic of the Congo

question: When did Denis Sassou Nguesso survive a coup?

question: When was Joachim Yhombi-Opango assassinated?

text: March 16, 1977


text: St. John's economy is connected to both its role as the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the ocean. The civil service which is supported by the federal, provincial and municipal governments has been the key to the expansion of the city's labour force and to the stability of its economy, which supports a sizable retail, service and business sector. The provincial government is the largest employer in the city, followed by Memorial University. With the collapse of the fishing industry in Newfoundland and Labrador in the 1990s, the role of the ocean is now tied to what lies beneath it – oil and gas – as opposed to what swims in or travels across it. The city is the centre of the oil and gas industry in Eastern Canada and is one of 19 World Energy Cities. ExxonMobil Canada is headquartered in St. John's and companies such as Chevron, Husky Energy, Suncor Energy and Statoil have major regional operations in the city. Three major offshore oil developments, Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose, are in production off the coast of the city and a fourth development, Hebron, is expected to be producing oil by 2017.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: economy

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: both

text: its

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: The

text: civil

text: service

text: which

text: is

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: provincial

text: and

text: municipal

text: governments

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: key

text: to

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: labour

text: force

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: its

text: economy

text: which

text: supports

text: a

text: sizable

text: retail

text: service

text: and

text: business

text: sector

text: The

text: provincial

text: government

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: employer

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Memorial

text: University

text: With

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: fishing

text: industry

text: in

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: is

text: now

text: tied

text: to

text: what

text: lies

text: beneath

text: it

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: what

text: swims

text: in

text: or

text: travels

text: across

text: it

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: industry

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Canada

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: World

text: Energy

text: Cities

text: ExxonMobil

text: Canada

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: and

text: companies

text: such

text: as

text: Chevron

text: Husky

text: Energy

text: Suncor

text: Energy

text: and

text: Statoil

text: have

text: major

text: regional

text: operations

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Three

text: major

text: offshore

text: oil

text: developments

text: Hibernia

text: Terra

text: Nova

text: and

text: White

text: Rose

text: are

text: in

text: production

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: a

text: fourth

text: development

text: Hebron

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: producing

text: oil

text: by

question: What is supported by the federal, provincial and municipal governments?

answer: civil service

text: civil service

question: Who is the largest employer in the city?

answer: The provincial government

text: The provincial government

question: Who is the second largest employer in the city?

answer: Memorial University

text: Memorial University

question: What years did the fishing industry fall in Newfoundland and Labrador?

answer: 1990s

question: What year is Hebron projected to start producing oil in St. John's?

answer: 2017

question: What ocean industry has been key in stabilizing the economy?

text: oil and gas

question: In what years did the fishing industry experience a boom?

question: When is White Rose expected to be producing oil?

question: Who is the largest employer in the province?

text: The provincial government


text: The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fief-holding. The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân. The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons. The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople. The Ottoman cavalry depended on high speed and mobility rather than heavy armour, using bows and short swords on fast Turkoman and Arabian horses (progenitors of the Thoroughbred racing horse), and often applied tactics similar to those of the Mongol Empire, such as pretending to retreat while surrounding the enemy forces inside a crescent-shaped formation and then making the real attack. The decline in the army's performance became clear from the mid-17th century and after the Great Turkish War. The 18th century saw some limited success against Venice, but in the north the European-style Russian armies forced the Ottomans to concede land.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: first

text: military

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: State

text: was

text: an

text: army

text: that

text: was

text: organized

text: by

text: Osman

text: I

text: from

text: the

text: tribesmen

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: hills

text: of

text: western

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: The

text: military

text: system

text: became

text: an

text: intricate

text: organization

text: with

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: military

text: was

text: a

text: complex

text: system

text: of

text: recruiting

text: and

text: fief

text: holding

text: The

text: main

text: corps

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Army

text: included

text: Janissary

text: Sipahi

text: Akıncı

text: and

text: Mehterân

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: army

text: was

text: once

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: advanced

text: fighting

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: use

text: muskets

text: and

text: cannons

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: began

text: using

text: falconets

text: which

text: were

text: short

text: but

text: wide

text: cannons

text: during

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: cavalry

text: depended

text: on

text: high

text: speed

text: and

text: mobility

text: rather

text: than

text: heavy

text: armour

text: using

text: bows

text: and

text: short

text: swords

text: on

text: fast

text: Turkoman

text: and

text: Arabian

text: horses

text: progenitors

text: of

text: the

text: Thoroughbred

text: racing

text: horse

text: and

text: often

text: applied

text: tactics

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Mongol

text: Empire

text: such

text: as

text: pretending

text: to

text: retreat

text: while

text: surrounding

text: the

text: enemy

text: forces

text: inside

text: a

text: crescent

text: shaped

text: formation

text: and

text: then

text: making

text: the

text: real

text: attack

text: The

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: 's

text: performance

text: became

text: clear

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Great

text: Turkish

text: War

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: some

text: limited

text: success

text: against

text: Venice

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: European

text: style

text: Russian

text: armies

text: forced

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: to

text: concede

text: land

question: In what century did the first Osman I organized military unit form?

answer: 13th century

text: 13th century

question: From where did tribesmen that formed a unit organized by Osman I originate?

answer: the hills of western Anatolia

text: the hills of western Anatolia

question: There were four corps of the Ottoman Army, what were they?

answer: Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân

text: Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân

question: The Ottoman army was among the first to use what two pieces of weapons technology?

answer: muskets and cannons

text: muskets and cannons

question: In what conflict did the Ottoman Turks use falconets?

answer: Siege of Constantinople

text: Siege of Constantinople


text: Roncalli was summoned to the final ballot of the conclave at 4:00 pm. He was elected pope at 4:30 pm with a total of 38 votes. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or "stop-gap" pope. They wished to choose a candidate who would do little during the new pontificate. Upon his election, Cardinal Eugene Tisserant asked him the ritual questions of whether he would accept and if so, what name he would take for himself. Roncalli gave the first of his many surprises when he chose "John" as his regnal name. Roncalli's exact words were "I will be called John". This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen; previous popes had avoided its use since the time of the Antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism several centuries before.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: Roncalli

text: was

text: summoned

text: to

text: the

text: final

text: ballot

text: of

text: the

text: conclave

text: at

text: pm

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: pope

text: at

text: pm

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: votes

text: After

text: the

text: long

text: pontificate

text: of

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: XII

text: the

text: cardinals

text: chose

text: a

text: man

text: who

text: it

text: was

text: presumed

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: advanced

text: age

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: short

text: term

text: or

text: stop

text: gap

text: pope

text: They

text: wished

text: to

text: choose

text: a

text: candidate

text: who

text: would

text: do

text: little

text: during

text: the

text: new

text: pontificate

text: Upon

text: his

text: election

text: Cardinal

text: Eugene

text: Tisserant

text: asked

text: him

text: the

text: ritual

text: questions

text: of

text: whether

text: he

text: would

text: accept

text: and

text: if

text: so

text: what

text: name

text: he

text: would

text: take

text: for

text: himself

text: Roncalli

text: gave

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: his

text: many

text: surprises

text: when

text: he

text: chose

text: John

text: as

text: his

text: regnal

text: name

text: Roncalli

text: 's

text: exact

text: words

text: were

text: I

text: will

text: be

text: called

text: John

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: over

text: years

text: that

text: this

text: name

text: had

text: been

text: chosen

text: previous

text: popes

text: had

text: avoided

text: its

text: use

text: since

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Antipope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: during

text: the

text: Western

text: Schism

text: several

text: centuries

text: before

question: When was the final ballot of the conclave?

answer: 4:00 pm

text: 4:00 pm

question: How many votes did he have?

answer: 38 votes

text: 38 votes

question: What name did Roncalli choose?

answer: John

text: John

question: John had not been a chosen name in how long?

answer: over 500 years

text: over 500 years

question: Who was the last to choose the name John?

answer: Antipope John XXIII

text: Antipope John XXIII

question: At what time was John XXIII called to final ballot of the conclave?

text: at 4:00 pm

question: What time was Cardinal Eugene Tisserant elected as Pope?

text: at 4:30 pm

question: How many votes did Cardinal Eugene Tisserant have?

question: What was the presumption about Cardinal Eugene Tisserant because he was older when elected?

question: What were the other cardinals trying to do by electing Cardinal Eugene Tisserant as Pope?


text: There were no anamorphic LaserDisc titles available in the US except for promotional purposes. Upon purchase of a Toshiba 16:9 television viewers had the option of selecting a number of Warner Bros. 16:9 films. Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy. The Japanese lineup of titles was different. A series of releases under the banner "SQUEEZE LD" from Pioneer of mostly Carolco titles included Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger. Terminator 2 was released twice in Squeeze LD, the second release being THX certified and a notable improvement over the first.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: There

text: were

text: no

text: anamorphic

text: LaserDisc

text: titles

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: except

text: for

text: promotional

text: purposes

text: Upon

text: purchase

text: of

text: a

text: Toshiba

text: television

text: viewers

text: had

text: the

text: option

text: of

text: selecting

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: films

text: Titles

text: include

text: Unforgiven

text: Grumpy

text: Old

text: Men

text: The

text: Fugitive

text: and

text: Free

text: Willy

text: The

text: Japanese

text: lineup

text: of

text: titles

text: was

text: different

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: releases

text: under

text: the

text: banner

text: SQUEEZE

text: LD

text: from

text: Pioneer

text: of

text: mostly

text: Carolco

text: titles

text: included

text: Basic

text: Instinct

text: Stargate

text: Terminator

text: Judgment

text: Day

text: Showgirls

text: Cutthroat

text: Island

text: and

text: Cliffhanger

text: Terminator

text: was

text: released

text: twice

text: in

text: Squeeze

text: LD

text: the

text: second

text: release

text: being

text: THX

text: certified

text: and

text: a

text: notable

text: improvement

text: over

text: the

text: first

question: Which movie was released twice on Squeeze LD?

answer: Terminator 2

text: Terminator 2

question: What improvement was added to Terminator 2's second Squeeze LD release?

answer: THX certified

text: THX certified

question: What Warner Brothers films were available in 16:9 aspect ratio Squeeze LDs?

answer: Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy

text: Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy

question: What films were available for Japanese market Squeeze LDs?

answer: Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger

text: Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger


text: In the 1982 Falklands War, the Argentine armed forces deployed the newest west European weapons including the Oerlikon GDF-002 35 mm twin cannon and SAM Roland. The Rapier missile system was the primary GBAD system, used by both British artillery and RAF regiment, a few brand-new FIM-92 Stinger were used by British special forces. Both sides also used the Blowpipe missile. British naval missiles used included Sea Dart and the older Sea Slug longer range systems, Sea Cat and the new Sea Wolf short range systems. Machine guns in AA mountings was used both ashore and afloat.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: In

text: the

text: Falklands

text: War

text: the

text: Argentine

text: armed

text: forces

text: deployed

text: the

text: newest

text: west

text: European

text: weapons

text: including

text: the

text: Oerlikon

text: mm

text: twin

text: cannon

text: and

text: SAM

text: Roland

text: The

text: Rapier

text: missile

text: system

text: was

text: the

text: primary

text: GBAD

text: system

text: used

text: by

text: both

text: British

text: artillery

text: and

text: RAF

text: regiment

text: a

text: few

text: brand

text: new

text: Stinger

text: were

text: used

text: by

text: British

text: special

text: forces

text: Both

text: sides

text: also

text: used

text: the

text: Blowpipe

text: missile

text: British

text: naval

text: missiles

text: used

text: included

text: Sea

text: Dart

text: and

text: the

text: older

text: Sea

text: Slug

text: longer

text: range

text: systems

text: Sea

text: Cat

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: Sea

text: Wolf

text: short

text: range

text: systems

text: Machine

text: guns

text: in

text: AA

text: mountings

text: was

text: used

text: both

text: ashore

text: and

text: afloat

question: In what war did the armed forces from Argentina use the SAM Roland?

answer: 1982 Falklands War

text: 1982 Falklands War

question: What two units used the Rapier missile system?

answer: British artillery and RAF regiment

text: British artillery and RAF regiment

question: What older system did the British naval use?

answer: Sea Slug longer range systems

text: Sea Slug longer range systems

question: What new short range systems did the British naval use?

answer: Sea Wolf

text: Sea Wolf

question: What was used in AA mountings on both land and water?

answer: Machine guns

text: Machine guns


text: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0.0018 inches (0.046 mm). The advantage of the coiled coil is that evaporation of the tungsten filament is at the rate of a tungsten cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the coiled coil. The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly than a straight filament of the same surface area and light-emitting power. As a result, the filament can then run hotter, which results in a more efficient light source, while reducing the evaporation so that the filament will last longer than a straight filament at the same temperature.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: To

text: improve

text: the

text: efficiency

text: of

text: the

text: lamp

text: the

text: filament

text: usually

text: consists

text: of

text: multiple

text: coils

text: of

text: coiled

text: fine

text: wire

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: coiled

text: coil

text: For

text: a

text: lamp

text: the

text: uncoiled

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: tungsten

text: filament

text: is

text: usually

text: inches

text: mm

text: and

text: the

text: filament

text: diameter

text: is

text: inches

text: mm

text: The

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: coiled

text: coil

text: is

text: that

text: evaporation

text: of

text: the

text: tungsten

text: filament

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: a

text: tungsten

text: cylinder

text: having

text: a

text: diameter

text: equal

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: coiled

text: coil

text: The

text: coiled

text: coil

text: filament

text: evaporates

text: more

text: slowly

text: than

text: a

text: straight

text: filament

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: light

text: emitting

text: power

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: filament

text: can

text: then

text: run

text: hotter

text: which

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: efficient

text: light

text: source

text: while

text: reducing

text: the

text: evaporation

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: filament

text: will

text: last

text: longer

text: than

text: a

text: straight

text: filament

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: temperature

question: How long is a typical uncoiled tungsten filament for a 60-watt bulb?

answer: 22.8 inches

text: 22.8 inches

question: What is the advantage of a coiled-coil filament over a straight filament?

answer: The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly

text: The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly

question: What positive effects does a slower-evaporating filament enable?

answer: more efficient light source

text: more efficient light source

question: What is the typical diameter of the filament on a 60-watt bulb?

answer: 0.0018 inches

text: 0.0018 inches

question: What did not improve efficiency of the lamp?

question: How long is a typical uncoiled tungsten filament for a 40-watt bulb?

text: 22.8 inches

question: What are the disadvantage of the coiled coil vs a straight filament?

question: What negative effects does a slower evaporating filament cause?

text: more efficient light source


text: According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: the

text: China

text: Earthquake

text: Administration

text: CEA

text: the

text: earthquake

text: occurred

text: along

text: the

text: Longmenshan

text: fault

text: a

text: thrust

text: structure

text: along

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: Australian

text: Plate

text: and

text: Eurasian

text: Plate

text: Seismic

text: activities

text: concentrated

text: on

text: its

text: mid

text: fracture

text: known

text: as

text: Yingxiu

text: Beichuan

text: fracture

text: The

text: rupture

text: lasted

text: close

text: to

text: sec

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: energy

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: sec

text: Starting

text: from

text: Wenchuan

text: the

text: rupture

text: propagated

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: speed

text: of

text: kilometers

text: per

text: second

text: toward

text: north

text: east

text: rupturing

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: about

text: km

text: Maximum

text: displacement

text: amounted

text: to

text: meters

text: The

text: focus

text: was

text: deeper

text: than

text: km

question: On what fault did the earthquake occur?

answer: Longmenshan fault

text: Longmenshan fault

question: Where is the Longmenshan fault located?

answer: along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate

text: along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate

question: How long did the rupture last?

answer: 120 sec

text: 120 sec

question: How deep was the focus of the earthquake?

answer: 10 km

text: 10 km

question: Along what fault line did the quake happen?

answer: Longmenshan fault

text: Longmenshan fault

question: On which fracture did the quake focus?

answer: Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture

text: Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture

question: When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption?

answer: first 80 sec.

text: first 80 sec.

question: What was the most displacement caused by the earthquake?

answer: 9 meters

text: 9 meters


text: Tucson has one daily newspaper, the morning Arizona Daily Star. Wick Communications publishes the daily legal paper The Daily Territorial, while Boulder, Colo.-based 10/13 Communications publishes Tucson Weekly (an "alternative" publication), Inside Tucson Business and the Explorer. TucsonSentinel.com is a nonprofit independent online news organization. Tucson Lifestyle Magazine, Lovin' Life News, DesertLeaf, and Zócalo Magazine are monthly publications covering arts, architecture, decor, fashion, entertainment, business, history, and other events. The Arizona Daily Wildcat is the University of Arizona's student newspaper, and the Aztec News is the Pima Community College student newspaper. The New Vision is the newspaper for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson, and the Arizona Jewish Post is the newspaper of the Jewish Federation of Southern Arizona.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Tucson

text: has

text: one

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: the

text: morning

text: Arizona

text: Daily

text: Star

text: Wick

text: Communications

text: publishes

text: the

text: daily

text: legal

text: paper

text: The

text: Daily

text: Territorial

text: while

text: Boulder

text: Colo

text: based

text: Communications

text: publishes

text: Tucson

text: Weekly

text: an

text: alternative

text: publication

text: Inside

text: Tucson

text: Business

text: and

text: the

text: Explorer

text: TucsonSentinel.com

text: is

text: a

text: nonprofit

text: independent

text: online

text: news

text: organization

text: Tucson

text: Lifestyle

text: Magazine

text: Lovin'

text: Life

text: News

text: DesertLeaf

text: and

text: Zócalo

text: Magazine

text: are

text: monthly

text: publications

text: covering

text: arts

text: architecture

text: decor

text: fashion

text: entertainment

text: business

text: history

text: and

text: other

text: events

text: The

text: Arizona

text: Daily

text: Wildcat

text: is

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: student

text: newspaper

text: and

text: the

text: Aztec

text: News

text: is

text: the

text: Pima

text: Community

text: College

text: student

text: newspaper

text: The

text: New

text: Vision

text: is

text: the

text: newspaper

text: for

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Tucson

text: and

text: the

text: Arizona

text: Jewish

text: Post

text: is

text: the

text: newspaper

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: Federation

text: of

text: Southern

text: Arizona

question: What is Tucson's daily general newspaper?

answer: Arizona Daily Star

text: Arizona Daily Star

question: What is Tucson's daily legal paper?

answer: The Daily Territorial

text: The Daily Territorial

question: Who publishes Tucson Weekly?

answer: 10/13 Communications

text: 10/13 Communications

question: Where is 10/13 based?

answer: Boulder, Colo.

text: Boulder, Colo.

question: What is the University of Arizona's student newspaper?

answer: The Arizona Daily Wildcat

text: The Arizona Daily Wildcat


text: During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmasses create climates with extreme variations of heat and cold ("continental climate") and monsoon conditions with highly seasonal rainfall patterns. Deserts seem to have been widespread on Pangaea.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: During

text: the

text: Permian

text: all

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: major

text: land

text: masses

text: except

text: portions

text: of

text: East

text: Asia

text: were

text: collected

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: supercontinent

text: known

text: as

text: Pangaea

text: Pangaea

text: straddled

text: the

text: equator

text: and

text: extended

text: toward

text: the

text: poles

text: with

text: a

text: corresponding

text: effect

text: on

text: ocean

text: currents

text: in

text: the

text: single

text: great

text: ocean

text: Panthalassa

text: the

text: universal

text: sea

text: and

text: the

text: Paleo

text: Tethys

text: Ocean

text: a

text: large

text: ocean

text: that

text: was

text: between

text: Asia

text: and

text: Gondwana

text: The

text: Cimmeria

text: continent

text: rifted

text: away

text: from

text: Gondwana

text: and

text: drifted

text: north

text: to

text: Laurasia

text: causing

text: the

text: Paleo

text: Tethys

text: to

text: shrink

text: A

text: new

text: ocean

text: was

text: growing

text: on

text: its

text: southern

text: end

text: the

text: Tethys

text: Ocean

text: an

text: ocean

text: that

text: would

text: dominate

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text: Era

text: Large

text: continental

text: landmasses

text: create

text: climates

text: with

text: extreme

text: variations

text: of

text: heat

text: and

text: cold

text: continental

text: climate

text: and

text: monsoon

text: conditions

text: with

text: highly

text: seasonal

text: rainfall

text: patterns

text: Deserts

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: widespread

text: on

text: Pangaea

question: What supercontinent prevailed during the Permian era?

answer: Pangaea

text: Pangaea

question: What was the largest ocean during the Permian called?

answer: Panthalassa

text: Panthalassa

question: There was an ocean between Gondwana and Asia in the Permian, what was it?

answer: Paleo-Tethys Ocean

text: Paleo-Tethys Ocean

question: The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys?

answer: Cimmeria

text: Cimmeria

question: During which period was the Tehtys Ocean dominant?

answer: the Mesozoic Era

text: the Mesozoic Era

question: What supercontinent did Asia join in the Permian?

text: Pangaea

question: Wat continent stradled the south pole and extended towards the equator?

text: Pangaea

question: What coninent drifted away from Laurasia and towards Gondwana?

text: The Cimmeria continent

question: What continents movement decreased the size of the Paleo-Tethys

text: The Cimmeria


text: Among the reasons this speech was so greatly admired was its passage on Lord Bathurst (1684–1775); Burke describes an angel in 1704 prophesying to Bathurst the future greatness of England and also of America: "Young man, There is America – which at this day serves little more than to amuse you with stories of savage men, and uncouth manners; yet shall, before you taste of death, shew itself equal to the whole of that commerce which now attracts the envy of the world". Samuel Johnson was so irritated at hearing it continually praised, that he made a parody of it, where the devil appears to a young Whig and predicts that in short time, Whiggism will poison even the paradise of America!

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Among

text: the

text: reasons

text: this

text: speech

text: was

text: so

text: greatly

text: admired

text: was

text: its

text: passage

text: on

text: Lord

text: Bathurst

text: Burke

text: describes

text: an

text: angel

text: in

text: prophesying

text: to

text: Bathurst

text: the

text: future

text: greatness

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: also

text: of

text: America

text: Young

text: man

text: There

text: is

text: America

text: which

text: at

text: this

text: day

text: serves

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: to

text: amuse

text: you

text: with

text: stories

text: of

text: savage

text: men

text: and

text: uncouth

text: manners

text: yet

text: shall

text: before

text: you

text: taste

text: of

text: death

text: shew

text: itself

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: that

text: commerce

text: which

text: now

text: attracts

text: the

text: envy

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Samuel

text: Johnson

text: was

text: so

text: irritated

text: at

text: hearing

text: it

text: continually

text: praised

text: that

text: he

text: made

text: a

text: parody

text: of

text: it

text: where

text: the

text: devil

text: appears

text: to

text: a

text: young

text: Whig

text: and

text: predicts

text: that

text: in

text: short

text: time

text: Whiggism

text: will

text: poison

text: even

text: the

text: paradise

text: of

text: America

question: When did Lord Bathurst die?

answer: 1775

question: When did an angel supposedly speak to Bathurst?

answer: 1704

question: What political position did Samuel Johnson say would soon poison America?

answer: Whiggism

text: Whiggism

question: When was Lord Bathurst born?

answer: 1684

question: In Samuel Johnson's writing, who appeared to a Whig?

answer: the devil

text: the devil

question: What did Bathurst prophesy?

question: When did Samuel Johnson die?

question: What mythical creature prophesied to Burke?

text: an angel

question: Who was impressed by Bathurst's prophesy?

text: Samuel Johnson

question: What political party did Johnson claim the angel represented?

text: Whiggism


text: The city, especially the East Boston neighborhood, has a significant Hispanic community. Hispanics in Boston are mostly of Puerto Rican (30,506 or 4.9% of total city population), Dominican (25,648 or 4.2% of total city population), Salvadoran (10,850 or 1.8% of city population), Colombian (6,649 or 1.1% of total city population), Mexican (5,961 or 1.0% of total city population), and Guatemalan (4,451 or 0.7% of total city population) ethnic origin. When including all Hispanic national origins, they number 107,917. In Greater Boston, these numbers grow significantly with Puerto Ricans numbering 175,000+, Dominicans 95,000+, Salvadorans 40,000+, Guatemalans 31,000+, Mexicans 25,000+, and Colombians numbering 22,000+.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: The

text: city

text: especially

text: the

text: East

text: Boston

text: neighborhood

text: has

text: a

text: significant

text: Hispanic

text: community

text: Hispanics

text: in

text: Boston

text: are

text: mostly

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: or

text: of

text: total

text: city

text: population

text: Dominican

text: or

text: of

text: total

text: city

text: population

text: Salvadoran

text: or

text: of

text: city

text: population

text: Colombian

text: or

text: of

text: total

text: city

text: population

text: Mexican

text: or

text: of

text: total

text: city

text: population

text: and

text: Guatemalan

text: or

text: of

text: total

text: city

text: population

text: ethnic

text: origin

text: When

text: including

text: all

text: Hispanic

text: national

text: origins

text: they

text: number

text: In

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: these

text: numbers

text: grow

text: significantly

text: with

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: numbering

text: Dominicans

text: Salvadorans

text: Guatemalans

text: Mexicans

text: and

text: Colombians

text: numbering

question: What neighborhoos has a high rate of hispanics?

answer: the East Boston neighborhood

text: the East Boston neighborhood

question: How many hispanics live in the City of Boston?

answer: 107,917

question: How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston?

answer: 175,000+

question: How many Mexican hispanics live in greater Boston?

answer: 25,000+

question: How many Colombians live in greater Boston?

answer: 22,000+


text: On August 19, the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement was finally signed. On 21 August, the Soviets suspended Tripartite military talks, citing other reasons. That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (border along the Vistula river), Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia in the Soviets' sphere of influence. That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: German

text: Soviet

text: Commercial

text: Agreement

text: was

text: finally

text: signed

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: Soviets

text: suspended

text: Tripartite

text: military

text: talks

text: citing

text: other

text: reasons

text: That

text: same

text: day

text: Stalin

text: received

text: assurance

text: that

text: Germany

text: would

text: approve

text: secret

text: protocols

text: to

text: the

text: proposed

text: non

text: aggression

text: pact

text: that

text: would

text: place

text: half

text: of

text: Poland

text: border

text: along

text: the

text: Vistula

text: river

text: Latvia

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: and

text: Bessarabia

text: in

text: the

text: Soviets

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: That

text: night

text: Stalin

text: replied

text: that

text: the

text: Soviets

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: pact

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: receive

text: Ribbentrop

text: on

text: August

question: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to annexing Poland?

answer: Vistula river

text: Vistula river

question: How many days after the German-Soviet agreement were the Tripartite discussions ceased?

answer: 2

question: What other countries did the Soviet government agree to annex through the agreement with Germany?

answer: Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia

text: Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia

question: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to leaving Poland?

text: Vistula river

question: What was the Russian-Soviet dividing line in regards to leaving Poland?

text: Vistula river

question: What other countries didn't the Soviet government agree to annex through the agreement with Germany?

question: What other countries did the Soviet government disagree to annex through the agreement with Germany?

question: What other countries did the Soviet government agree to annex through the disagreement with Germany?


text: Many electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl; however, digital copies are still widely available. This is because for disc jockeys ("DJs"), vinyl has an advantage over the CD: direct manipulation of the medium. DJ techniques such as slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching originated on turntables. With CDs or compact audio cassettes one normally has only indirect manipulation options, e.g., the play, stop, and pause buttons. With a record one can place the stylus a few grooves farther in or out, accelerate or decelerate the turntable, or even reverse its direction, provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it. However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Many

text: electronic

text: dance

text: music

text: and

text: hip

text: hop

text: releases

text: today

text: are

text: still

text: preferred

text: on

text: vinyl

text: however

text: digital

text: copies

text: are

text: still

text: widely

text: available

text: This

text: is

text: because

text: for

text: disc

text: jockeys

text: DJs

text: vinyl

text: has

text: an

text: advantage

text: over

text: the

text: CD

text: direct

text: manipulation

text: of

text: the

text: medium

text: DJ

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: slip

text: cueing

text: beatmatching

text: and

text: scratching

text: originated

text: on

text: turntables

text: With

text: CDs

text: or

text: compact

text: audio

text: cassettes

text: one

text: normally

text: has

text: only

text: indirect

text: manipulation

text: options

text: e.g.

text: the

text: play

text: stop

text: and

text: pause

text: buttons

text: With

text: a

text: record

text: one

text: can

text: place

text: the

text: stylus

text: a

text: few

text: grooves

text: farther

text: in

text: or

text: out

text: accelerate

text: or

text: decelerate

text: the

text: turntable

text: or

text: even

text: reverse

text: its

text: direction

text: provided

text: the

text: stylus

text: record

text: player

text: and

text: record

text: itself

text: are

text: built

text: to

text: withstand

text: it

text: However

text: many

text: CDJ

text: and

text: DJ

text: advances

text: such

text: as

text: DJ

text: software

text: and

text: time

text: encoded

text: vinyl

text: now

text: have

text: these

text: capabilities

text: and

text: more

question: What is a reason a DJ would prefer vinyl to CD?

answer: direct manipulation

text: direct manipulation

question: In what techniques would a DJ require a vinyl record?

answer: slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching

text: slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching

question: Are all turn tables capable of DJ manipulation of vinyl records?

answer: provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it

text: provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it

question: What is commonly preferred by DJs vinyl or CD?

answer: any electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl

text: any electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl

question: Had vinyl technology ceased expanding?

answer: However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.

text: However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.


text: According to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other hand, holds that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions, and hence that all things—past, present, and future—can be said to be just as real as things in the present. According to this theory, then, Homer really does exist, though we must still use special language when talking about somebody who exists at a distant time—just as we would use special language when talking about something far away (the very words near, far, above, below, and such are directly comparable to phrases such as in the past, a minute ago, and so on).

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: According

text: to

text: Presentism

text: time

text: is

text: an

text: ordering

text: of

text: various

text: realities

text: At

text: a

text: certain

text: time

text: some

text: things

text: exist

text: and

text: others

text: do

text: not

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: reality

text: we

text: can

text: deal

text: with

text: and

text: we

text: can

text: not

text: for

text: example

text: say

text: that

text: Homer

text: exists

text: because

text: at

text: the

text: present

text: time

text: he

text: does

text: not

text: An

text: Eternalist

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: holds

text: that

text: time

text: is

text: a

text: dimension

text: of

text: reality

text: on

text: a

text: par

text: with

text: the

text: three

text: spatial

text: dimensions

text: and

text: hence

text: that

text: all

text: things

text: past

text: present

text: and

text: future

text: can

text: be

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: just

text: as

text: real

text: as

text: things

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: theory

text: then

text: Homer

text: really

text: does

text: exist

text: though

text: we

text: must

text: still

text: use

text: special

text: language

text: when

text: talking

text: about

text: somebody

text: who

text: exists

text: at

text: a

text: distant

text: time

text: just

text: as

text: we

text: would

text: use

text: special

text: language

text: when

text: talking

text: about

text: something

text: far

text: away

text: the

text: very

text: words

text: near

text: far

text: above

text: below

text: and

text: such

text: are

text: directly

text: comparable

text: to

text: phrases

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: a

text: minute

text: ago

text: and

text: so

text: on

question: According to what theory is time an ordering of various realities?

answer: Presentism

text: Presentism

question: Presentism states that at a certain time some things do what?

answer: exist

text: exist

question: Who believes that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions

answer: Eternalist

text: Eternalist

question: According to an Eternalist, what can be said to be just as real as things in the present?

answer: all things—past, present, and future

text: all things—past, present, and future

question: According to the Eternalist theory, what must we use to describe Homer?

answer: special language

text: special language

question: What states time is the existance of various relities?

text: Presentism

question: What states all things have either always existed or not

text: Presentism

question: What do Eterialist say time is independent of?

text: reality

question: What is more real according to Eternalists?

text: future


text: A resin used for making non-wrinkle shirts releases formaldehyde, which could cause contact dermatitis for some people; no disclosure requirements exist, and in 2008 the U.S. Government Accountability Office tested formaldehyde in clothing and found that generally the highest levels were in non-wrinkle shirts and pants. In 1999, a study of the effect of washing on the formaldehyde levels found that after 6 months after washing, 7 of 27 shirts had levels in excess of 75 ppm, which is a safe limit for direct skin exposure.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: A

text: resin

text: used

text: for

text: making

text: non

text: wrinkle

text: shirts

text: releases

text: formaldehyde

text: which

text: could

text: cause

text: contact

text: dermatitis

text: for

text: some

text: people

text: no

text: disclosure

text: requirements

text: exist

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Government

text: Accountability

text: Office

text: tested

text: formaldehyde

text: in

text: clothing

text: and

text: found

text: that

text: generally

text: the

text: highest

text: levels

text: were

text: in

text: non

text: wrinkle

text: shirts

text: and

text: pants

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: washing

text: on

text: the

text: formaldehyde

text: levels

text: found

text: that

text: after

text: months

text: after

text: washing

text: of

text: shirts

text: had

text: levels

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: ppm

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: safe

text: limit

text: for

text: direct

text: skin

text: exposure

question: What releases formaldehyde?

answer: A resin

text: A resin

question: What can cause contact dermatitis for some people?

answer: formaldehyde

text: formaldehyde

question: What government office found high levels of formaldehyde in non-wrinkle clothing in 2008?

answer: Accountability

text: Accountability

question: How many months of washing did a 1999 study look at?

answer: 6

question: How many ppm is a safe limit for direct skin exposure to formaldehyde?

answer: 75

question: Non-wrinkle shirts do not contain what?

text: A resin

question: What does not cause contact dermatitis?

text: formaldehyde

question: Disclosure agreements exist for what?

text: formaldehyde

question: It was found that the lowest levels of formaldehyde were found in what?

text: non-wrinkle shirts and pants.

question: Seventy-five ppm of formaldehyde is not a safe limit for what?

text: direct skin exposure.


text: Napoleon ended lawlessness and disorder in post-Revolutionary France. He was, however, considered a tyrant and usurper by his opponents. His critics charge that he was not significantly troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts throughout Europe and ignored treaties and conventions alike. His role in the Haitian Revolution and decision to reinstate slavery in France's oversea colonies are controversial and have an impact on his reputation.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: ended

text: lawlessness

text: and

text: disorder

text: in

text: post

text: Revolutionary

text: France

text: He

text: was

text: however

text: considered

text: a

text: tyrant

text: and

text: usurper

text: by

text: his

text: opponents

text: His

text: critics

text: charge

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: not

text: significantly

text: troubled

text: when

text: faced

text: with

text: the

text: prospect

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: death

text: for

text: thousands

text: turned

text: his

text: search

text: for

text: undisputed

text: rule

text: into

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: conflicts

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: ignored

text: treaties

text: and

text: conventions

text: alike

text: His

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Haitian

text: Revolution

text: and

text: decision

text: to

text: reinstate

text: slavery

text: in

text: France

text: 's

text: oversea

text: colonies

text: are

text: controversial

text: and

text: have

text: an

text: impact

text: on

text: his

text: reputation

question: Who put a stop to the lack of law and presence of disorder in post-Revolutionary France?

answer: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

question: Napoleon's decision to reinstate what practice in France's overseas colonies has caused controversy regarding his reputation?

answer: slavery

text: slavery

question: Who considered Napoleon to be a tyrant and a usurper?

answer: his opponents

text: his opponents

question: Napoleon's role in which revolution has caused controversy regarding his reputation?

answer: the Haitian Revolution

text: the Haitian Revolution

question: Who charge that Napoleon was untroubled by the prospect of war and death for thousands?

answer: His critics

text: His critics


text: Symmetry groups are groups consisting of symmetries of given mathematical objects—be they of geometric nature, such as the introductory symmetry group of the square, or of algebraic nature, such as polynomial equations and their solutions. Conceptually, group theory can be thought of as the study of symmetry.t[›] Symmetries in mathematics greatly simplify the study of geometrical or analytical objects. A group is said to act on another mathematical object X if every group element performs some operation on X compatibly to the group law. In the rightmost example below, an element of order 7 of the (2,3,7) triangle group acts on the tiling by permuting the highlighted warped triangles (and the other ones, too). By a group action, the group pattern is connected to the structure of the object being acted on.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: Symmetry

text: groups

text: are

text: groups

text: consisting

text: of

text: symmetries

text: of

text: given

text: mathematical

text: objects

text: be

text: they

text: of

text: geometric

text: nature

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: introductory

text: symmetry

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: square

text: or

text: of

text: algebraic

text: nature

text: such

text: as

text: polynomial

text: equations

text: and

text: their

text: solutions

text: Conceptually

text: group

text: theory

text: can

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: symmetry.t[›

text: Symmetries

text: in

text: mathematics

text: greatly

text: simplify

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: geometrical

text: or

text: analytical

text: objects

text: A

text: group

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: act

text: on

text: another

text: mathematical

text: object

text: X

text: if

text: every

text: group

text: element

text: performs

text: some

text: operation

text: on

text: X

text: compatibly

text: to

text: the

text: group

text: law

text: In

text: the

text: rightmost

text: example

text: below

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: order

text: of

text: the

text: triangle

text: group

text: acts

text: on

text: the

text: tiling

text: by

text: permuting

text: the

text: highlighted

text: warped

text: triangles

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: ones

text: too

text: By

text: a

text: group

text: action

text: the

text: group

text: pattern

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: being

text: acted

text: on

question: What are groups consisting of symmetries of given arithmetic concepts?

answer: Symmetry groups

text: Symmetry groups

question: What term describes the introductory symmetry group of the square?

answer: geometric nature

text: geometric nature

question: What can regarded as the study of symmetry?

answer: group theory

text: group theory

question: What is the name of the rule that must be met for a group operation to occur?

answer: group law

text: group law

question: The group pattern is connected to the structure of the target by what behavior?

answer: group action

text: group action

question: What do symmetry groups make?

question: Which equation is are used for the square?

text: polynomial equations

question: What is the study of geometrical or analytical objects called?

text: group theory

question: What makes the study of symmetries easier?

text: geometrical or analytical objects

question: What does group action do to the tiling?


text: Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-Indo-European or word for "green". For example, the Slavic zelenъ is cognate with Sanskrit hari "yellow, ochre, golden". The Turkic languages also have jašɨl "green" or "yellowish green", compared to a Mongolian word for "meadow".

title: Green

title: Green

text: Thus

text: the

text: languages

text: mentioned

text: above

text: Germanic

text: Romance

text: Slavic

text: Greek

text: have

text: old

text: terms

text: for

text: green

text: which

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: words

text: for

text: fresh

text: sprouting

text: vegetation

text: However

text: comparative

text: linguistics

text: makes

text: clear

text: that

text: these

text: terms

text: were

text: coined

text: independently

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: few

text: millennia

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: identifiable

text: single

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: or

text: word

text: for

text: green

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Slavic

text: zelenъ

text: is

text: cognate

text: with

text: Sanskrit

text: hari

text: yellow

text: ochre

text: golden

text: The

text: Turkic

text: languages

text: also

text: have

text: jašɨl

text: green

text: or

text: yellowish

text: green

text: compared

text: to

text: a

text: Mongolian

text: word

text: for

text: meadow

question: Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek all has old terms for "green" which are derived from words for what?

answer: fresh, sprouting vegetation

text: fresh, sprouting vegetation

question: How were the terms for "green" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages?

answer: independently

text: independently

question: Which language has a word for "green" that is comparable to a Mongolian word for "meadow"?

answer: Turkic

text: Turkic

question: What is the Mongolian word for meadow?

text: jašɨl

question: What languages have a single root word for green?

text: Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek

question: "Hari" is Turkish for what?

text: yellow, ochre, golden

question: What is the Germanic word for green?

text: zelenъ

question: What Sanskrit word means green?

text: hari


text: There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. One person households account for 30.5% of all households and 8.7% of all households had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.11.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: There

text: were

text: households

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: living

text: with

text: them

text: were

text: married

text: couples

text: living

text: together

text: had

text: a

text: female

text: householder

text: with

text: no

text: husband

text: present

text: and

text: were

text: non

text: families

text: One

text: person

text: households

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: households

text: and

text: of

text: all

text: households

text: had

text: someone

text: living

text: alone

text: who

text: is

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: average

text: household

text: size

text: was

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: family

text: size

text: was

question: How many households were in Oklahoma city?

answer: 230,233

question: What demographic was the most percentage of the households in total?

answer: married couples

text: married couples

question: What is the average size for households?

answer: 2.47

question: What is the average size for families?

answer: 3.11

question: What is the second highest demographic for households?

answer: non-families

text: non-families


text: Madaris were largely centred on the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). The ijāzat al-tadrīs wa-al-iftāʼ ("licence to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval Islamic legal education system had its origins in the 9th century after the formation of the madhāhib (schools of jurisprudence). George Makdisi considers the ijāzah to be the origin of the European doctorate. However, in an earlier article, he considered the ijāzah to be of "fundamental difference" to the medieval doctorate, since the former was awarded by an individual teacher-scholar not obliged to follow any formal criteria, whereas the latter was conferred on the student by the collective authority of the faculty. To obtain an ijāzah, a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and ten or more years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." These were scholarly exercises practised throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded ijazas giving them the status of faqīh 'scholar of jurisprudence', muftī 'scholar competent in issuing fatwās', and mudarris 'teacher'.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Madaris

text: were

text: largely

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: fiqh

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: The

text: ijāzat

text: al

text: tadrīs

text: wa

text: al

text: iftāʼ

text: licence

text: to

text: teach

text: and

text: issue

text: legal

text: opinions

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: legal

text: education

text: system

text: had

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: after

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: madhāhib

text: schools

text: of

text: jurisprudence

text: George

text: Makdisi

text: considers

text: the

text: ijāzah

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: doctorate

text: However

text: in

text: an

text: earlier

text: article

text: he

text: considered

text: the

text: ijāzah

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: fundamental

text: difference

text: to

text: the

text: medieval

text: doctorate

text: since

text: the

text: former

text: was

text: awarded

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: teacher

text: scholar

text: not

text: obliged

text: to

text: follow

text: any

text: formal

text: criteria

text: whereas

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: conferred

text: on

text: the

text: student

text: by

text: the

text: collective

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: faculty

text: To

text: obtain

text: an

text: ijāzah

text: a

text: student

text: had

text: to

text: study

text: in

text: a

text: guild

text: school

text: of

text: law

text: usually

text: four

text: years

text: for

text: the

text: basic

text: undergraduate

text: course

text: and

text: ten

text: or

text: more

text: years

text: for

text: a

text: post

text: graduate

text: course

text: The

text: doctorate

text: was

text: obtained

text: after

text: an

text: oral

text: examination

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: originality

text: of

text: the

text: candidate

text: 's

text: theses

text: and

text: to

text: test

text: the

text: student

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: defend

text: them

text: against

text: all

text: objections

text: in

text: disputations

text: set

text: up

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: These

text: were

text: scholarly

text: exercises

text: practised

text: throughout

text: the

text: student

text: 's

text: career

text: as

text: a

text: graduate

text: student

text: of

text: law

text: After

text: students

text: completed

text: their

text: post

text: graduate

text: education

text: they

text: were

text: awarded

text: ijazas

text: giving

text: them

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: faqīh

text: scholar

text: of

text: jurisprudence

text: muftī

text: scholar

text: competent

text: in

text: issuing

text: fatwās

text: and

text: mudarris

text: teacher

question: What term refers to Islamic law?

answer: fiqh

text: fiqh

question: When did Islamic law school begin?

answer: 9th century

text: 9th century

question: How long did a student have to study law, in early Islamic law graduate schools, in order to graduate?

answer: ten or more years

text: ten or more years

question: What traditional schooling has been considered modeled after the traditional Islamic graduate schools?

answer: European doctorate

text: European doctorate

question: What term refers to non-Islamic law?

text: fiqh

question: When did Islamic law school end?

text: 9th century

question: How long did a student have to study law in order to drop out?

text: four years

question: What modern schooling has been considered modeled after the non-Islamic graduate schools?

text: European doctorate


text: The state has the 12th-largest state economy in Mexico, accounting for 2.7% of the country’s GDP. Chihuahua has the fifth highest manufacturing GDP in Mexico and ranks second for the most factories funded by foreign investment in the country. As of 2011[update], the state had an estimated 396 billion pesos (31.1 billion dollars) of annual GDP. According to official federal statistical studies, the service sector accounted for the largest portion of the state economy at 59.28%; the manufacturing and industrial sector is estimated to account for 34.36% of the state's GDP, with the agricultural sector accounting for 6.36% of the state's GDP. Manufacturing sector was the principal foreign investment in the state followed by the mining sector. In 2011, the state received approximately 884 million dollars in remittances from the United States, which was 4.5% of all remittances from the United States to Mexico.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: economy

text: in

text: Mexico

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: ’s

text: GDP

text: Chihuahua

text: has

text: the

text: fifth

text: highest

text: manufacturing

text: GDP

text: in

text: Mexico

text: and

text: ranks

text: second

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: factories

text: funded

text: by

text: foreign

text: investment

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: billion

text: pesos

text: billion

text: dollars

text: of

text: annual

text: GDP

text: According

text: to

text: official

text: federal

text: statistical

text: studies

text: the

text: service

text: sector

text: accounted

text: for

text: the

text: largest

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: economy

text: at

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: industrial

text: sector

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: GDP

text: with

text: the

text: agricultural

text: sector

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: GDP

text: Manufacturing

text: sector

text: was

text: the

text: principal

text: foreign

text: investment

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: mining

text: sector

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: received

text: approximately

text: million

text: dollars

text: in

text: remittances

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: was

text: of

text: all

text: remittances

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: Mexico

question: The state's economy ranks in what place in the country Mexico

answer: 12th-largest

question: What was the GDP of the state as of 2011?

answer: 396 billion pesos

text: 396 billion pesos

question: Which sector was the largest portion of the economy?

answer: service sector

text: service sector

question: Which sector was the second largest?

answer: the manufacturing and industrial sector

text: the manufacturing and industrial sector

question: The state received how much in remittances from the U.S. in 2011?

answer: 884 million dollars

text: 884 million dollars


text: Biodiversity's relevance to human health is becoming an international political issue, as scientific evidence builds on the global health implications of biodiversity loss. This issue is closely linked with the issue of climate change, as many of the anticipated health risks of climate change are associated with changes in biodiversity (e.g. changes in populations and distribution of disease vectors, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources etc.) This is because the species most likely to disappear are those that buffer against infectious disease transmission, while surviving species tend to be the ones that increase disease transmission, such as that of West Nile Virus, Lyme disease and Hantavirus, according to a study done co-authored by Felicia Keesing, an ecologist at Bard College, and Drew Harvell, associate director for Environment of the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future (ACSF) at Cornell University.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Biodiversity

text: 's

text: relevance

text: to

text: human

text: health

text: is

text: becoming

text: an

text: international

text: political

text: issue

text: as

text: scientific

text: evidence

text: builds

text: on

text: the

text: global

text: health

text: implications

text: of

text: biodiversity

text: loss

text: This

text: issue

text: is

text: closely

text: linked

text: with

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: as

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: anticipated

text: health

text: risks

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: changes

text: in

text: biodiversity

text: e.g.

text: changes

text: in

text: populations

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: disease

text: vectors

text: scarcity

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: impacts

text: on

text: agricultural

text: biodiversity

text: and

text: food

text: resources

text: etc

text: This

text: is

text: because

text: the

text: species

text: most

text: likely

text: to

text: disappear

text: are

text: those

text: that

text: buffer

text: against

text: infectious

text: disease

text: transmission

text: while

text: surviving

text: species

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: ones

text: that

text: increase

text: disease

text: transmission

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: West

text: Nile

text: Virus

text: Lyme

text: disease

text: and

text: Hantavirus

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: done

text: co

text: authored

text: by

text: Felicia

text: Keesing

text: an

text: ecologist

text: at

text: Bard

text: College

text: and

text: Drew

text: Harvell

text: associate

text: director

text: for

text: Environment

text: of

text: the

text: Atkinson

text: Center

text: for

text: a

text: Sustainable

text: Future

text: ACSF

text: at

text: Cornell

text: University

question: What is becoming an international political issue?

answer: Biodiversity's relevance to human health

text: Biodiversity's relevance to human health

question: What issue is closely linked with changes in biodiversity?

answer: climate change

text: climate change

question: What changes in biodiversity have an effect on the climate?

answer: changes in populations and distribution of disease vectors, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources

text: changes in populations and distribution of disease vectors, scarcity of fresh water, impacts on agricultural biodiversity and food resources

question: What types of species disappear when a new disease is introduced?

answer: those that buffer against infectious disease transmission

text: those that buffer against infectious disease transmission

question: What is becoming an international population issue?

question: What issue is closely linked with changes in the West Nile Virus?

text: climate change

question: What changes in biodiversity have an effect on human health?

question: What types of West Nile Virus disappear when a new disease is introduced?

question: What is causing biodiversity's relevance to human health to become an international  population issue?


text: Libraries and museums have been established for other presidents, but they are not part of the NARA presidential library system, and are operated by private foundations, historical societies, or state governments, including the Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley, Woodrow Wilson and Calvin Coolidge libraries. For example, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is owned and operated by the state of Illinois.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: Libraries

text: and

text: museums

text: have

text: been

text: established

text: for

text: other

text: presidents

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: NARA

text: presidential

text: library

text: system

text: and

text: are

text: operated

text: by

text: private

text: foundations

text: historical

text: societies

text: or

text: state

text: governments

text: including

text: the

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: Rutherford

text: B.

text: Hayes

text: William

text: McKinley

text: Woodrow

text: Wilson

text: and

text: Calvin

text: Coolidge

text: libraries

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: Presidential

text: Library

text: and

text: Museum

text: is

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Illinois

question: Libraries that are established for other presidents are operated by private foundations, historical societies, and what government entities?

answer: state governments

text: state governments

question: What state operates the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library?

answer: Illinois

text: Illinois

question: What is the earliest President that NARA does not hold records for in its presidential library system?

answer: Abraham Lincoln

text: Abraham Lincoln

question: Abraham Lincoln's Presidential Library and Museum is operated by what type of entity?

answer: state

text: state

question: Who have historical societies been established for?

text: presidents

question: Where can you go in Illinois to learn about the history of the state?

text: Libraries and museums

question: What groups help fund NARA to support libraries and museums?

question: What state was Abraham Lincoln from?

text: Illinois

question: What group operates the Calvin Coolidge library?

text: private foundations


text: Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wildcats, most shrews, moles, water voles, roe deer and common toads also being absent from Ireland. This pattern is also true for birds and insects. Notable exceptions include the Kerry slug and certain species of wood lice native to Ireland but not Great Britain.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: Few

text: species

text: of

text: reptiles

text: or

text: amphibians

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: or

text: Ireland

text: Only

text: three

text: snakes

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: common

text: European

text: adder

text: the

text: grass

text: snake

text: and

text: the

text: smooth

text: snake

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: Ireland

text: In

text: general

text: Great

text: Britain

text: has

text: slightly

text: more

text: variation

text: and

text: native

text: wild

text: life

text: with

text: weasels

text: polecats

text: wildcats

text: most

text: shrews

text: moles

text: water

text: voles

text: roe

text: deer

text: and

text: common

text: toads

text: also

text: being

text: absent

text: from

text: Ireland

text: This

text: pattern

text: is

text: also

text: true

text: for

text: birds

text: and

text: insects

text: Notable

text: exceptions

text: include

text: the

text: Kerry

text: slug

text: and

text: certain

text: species

text: of

text: wood

text: lice

text: native

text: to

text: Ireland

text: but

text: not

text: Great

text: Britain

question: Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland?

answer: European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake

text: European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake

question: What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland?

answer: Kerry slug

text: Kerry slug

question: Is the grass nake or the smooth snake native to Ireland?

answer: none are native to Ireland

text: none are native to Ireland

question: What type of wild life are not native to Ireland but are in Britain?

answer: water voles, roe deer and common toads

text: water voles, roe deer and common toads

question: Which four snakes are native to Ireland?

question: In Great Britain and what other country are there a large number of reptile species?

text: Ireland

question: Certain species of wood lice are native to Great Britain but not where?

text: Ireland

question: In Great Britain and what other country are there a large number of amphibian species?

text: Ireland

question: In Ireland and what other country are there a large number of reptile species?

text: Great Britain