text: Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. Apps can provide toast notifications on screen or animate their tiles on the Start screen with dynamic content. Apps can use "contracts"; a collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps, including search and sharing. Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook, Skype, and People service), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: introduces

text: a

text: new

text: style

text: of

text: application

text: Windows

text: Store

text: apps

text: According

text: to

text: Microsoft

text: developer

text: Jensen

text: Harris

text: these

text: apps

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: optimized

text: for

text: touchscreen

text: environments

text: and

text: are

text: more

text: specialized

text: than

text: current

text: desktop

text: applications

text: Apps

text: can

text: run

text: either

text: in

text: a

text: full

text: screen

text: mode

text: or

text: be

text: snapped

text: to

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: a

text: screen

text: Apps

text: can

text: provide

text: toast

text: notifications

text: on

text: screen

text: or

text: animate

text: their

text: tiles

text: on

text: the

text: Start

text: screen

text: with

text: dynamic

text: content

text: Apps

text: can

text: use

text: contracts

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: hooks

text: to

text: provide

text: common

text: functionality

text: that

text: can

text: integrate

text: with

text: other

text: apps

text: including

text: search

text: and

text: sharing

text: Apps

text: can

text: also

text: provide

text: integration

text: with

text: other

text: services

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: People

text: app

text: can

text: connect

text: to

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: social

text: networks

text: and

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: Facebook

text: Skype

text: and

text: People

text: service

text: while

text: the

text: Photos

text: app

text: can

text: aggregate

text: photos

text: from

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: Facebook

text: and

text: Flickr

question: Who is Jensen Harris?

answer: Microsoft developer

text: Microsoft developer

question: What apps can one expect the People app to match with?

answer: Facebook, Skype, and People service

text: Facebook, Skype, and People service

question: What apps can one expect the Photos app to match with?

answer: Facebook and Flickr

text: Facebook and Flickr

question: What makes Windows Store apps unique?

answer: apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications.

text: apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications.

question: What are contracts?

answer: collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps

text: collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps

question: Who isn't Jensen Harris?

text: Microsoft developer

question: What apps can't one expect the People app to match with?

text: Facebook, Skype, and People service

question: What apps can't one expect the Photos app to match with?

text: Facebook and Flickr

question: What makes Windows Store apps un-unique?

question: What aren't contracts?


text: Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, just north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near European destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport (Parkway) railway station, and by bus services.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: Airport

text: is

text: a

text: regional

text: airport

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Eastleigh

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: It

text: offers

text: flights

text: to

text: UK

text: and

text: near

text: European

text: destinations

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: by

text: a

text: frequent

text: rail

text: service

text: from

text: Southampton

text: Airport

text: Parkway

text: railway

text: station

text: and

text: by

text: bus

text: services

question: In what town is Southampton Airport located?

answer: Eastleigh

text: Eastleigh

question: What direction would one travel from Southampton to get to the airport in Eastleigh?

answer: north

text: north

question: If passengers don't want to take a train to the airport, what other transport is available?

answer: bus

text: bus

question: To take a train to Southampton Airport, what railway station would you need to go through?

answer: Southampton Airport (Parkway)

text: Southampton Airport (Parkway)


text: Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented. In 2001, the WTO adopted the Doha Declaration, which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies: via compulsory licensing or parallel imports, even before patent expiration.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: Patents

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: reduce

text: access

text: to

text: existing

text: medicines

text: Reconciling

text: patents

text: and

text: universal

text: access

text: to

text: medicine

text: would

text: require

text: an

text: efficient

text: international

text: policy

text: of

text: price

text: discrimination

text: Moreover

text: under

text: the

text: TRIPS

text: agreement

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Organization

text: countries

text: must

text: allow

text: pharmaceutical

text: products

text: to

text: be

text: patented

text: In

text: the

text: WTO

text: adopted

text: the

text: Doha

text: Declaration

text: which

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: TRIPS

text: agreement

text: should

text: be

text: read

text: with

text: the

text: goals

text: of

text: public

text: health

text: in

text: mind

text: and

text: allows

text: some

text: methods

text: for

text: circumventing

text: pharmaceutical

text: monopolies

text: via

text: compulsory

text: licensing

text: or

text: parallel

text: imports

text: even

text: before

text: patent

text: expiration

question: Who adopted the Doha Declaration?

answer: World Trade Organization

text: World Trade Organization

question: What did the TRIPS agreement accomplish?

answer: countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented

text: countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented

question: Why are patents criticized?

answer: thought to reduce access to existing medicines

text: thought to reduce access to existing medicines

question: What did the Doha Declaration do?

answer: indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies

text: indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies

question: When was the Doha Declaration adopted?

answer: 2001

question: What has been accused of reducing access to medicines in developing countries?

answer: Patents

text: Patents

question: When did the World Trade Organization adopt the Doha Declaration?

answer: 2001

question: The Doha Declaration allows for what ways for monopolies to be bypassed?

answer: compulsory licensing or parallel imports

text: compulsory licensing or parallel imports

question: Who adopted the TRIPS Declaration?

text: World Trade Organization

question: What did the WTO agreement accomplish?

question: Why is the WTO criticized?

question: What did the WTO Declaration do?

question: When was the TRIPS Declaration adopted?


text: Beyoncé participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt, made by Theory which raised a total of $1 million. On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opened the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House, offering a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women. In April 2011, Beyoncé joined forces with US First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity by reworking her single "Get Me Bodied". Following the death of Osama bin Laden, Beyoncé released her cover of the Lee Greenwood song "God Bless the USA", as a charity single to help raise funds for the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: participated

text: in

text: George

text: Clooney

text: and

text: Wyclef

text: Jean

text: 's

text: Hope

text: for

text: Haiti

text: Now

text: A

text: Global

text: Benefit

text: for

text: Earthquake

text: Relief

text: telethon

text: and

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: official

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: limited

text: edition

text: CFDA

text: Fashion

text: For

text: Haiti

text: T

text: shirt

text: made

text: by

text: Theory

text: which

text: raised

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: On

text: March

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: her

text: mother

text: Tina

text: opened

text: the

text: Beyoncé

text: Cosmetology

text: Center

text: at

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: Phoenix

text: House

text: offering

text: a

text: seven

text: month

text: cosmetology

text: training

text: course

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: In

text: April

text: Beyoncé

text: joined

text: forces

text: with

text: US

text: First

text: Lady

text: Michelle

text: Obama

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Broadcasters

text: Education

text: Foundation

text: to

text: help

text: boost

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: campaign

text: against

text: child

text: obesity

text: by

text: reworking

text: her

text: single

text: Get

text: Me

text: Bodied

text: Following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Osama

text: bin

text: Laden

text: Beyoncé

text: released

text: her

text: cover

text: of

text: the

text: Lee

text: Greenwood

text: song

text: God

text: Bless

text: the

text: USA

text: as

text: a

text: charity

text: single

text: to

text: help

text: raise

text: funds

text: for

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Police

text: and

text: Fire

text: Widows

text: and

text: Children

text: 's

text: Benefit

text: Fund

question: Who did Beyonce participate with in the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit?

answer: George Clooney and Wyclef Jean

text: George Clooney and Wyclef Jean

question: Beyonce opened a cosmetology center in what location?

answer: Brooklyn Phoenix House

text: Brooklyn Phoenix House

question: After Osama Bin Laden's death, what single did Beyonce cover?

answer: God Bless the USA

text: God Bless the USA

question: How much did the T-shirt with Beyonce's image on it make?

answer: $1 million

text: $1 million

question: What enterprise did Beyonce and her mother start on March 5, 2010?

answer: Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House

text: Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House

question: What charity benefited from  the release of the song, God Bless the USA?

answer: New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund

text: New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund

question: What did she participate in with George Clooney?

answer: Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit

text: Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit

question: Which two stars did Beyoncé help with their Haiti Earthquake organization?

answer: George Clooney and Wyclef Jean

text: George Clooney and Wyclef Jean

question: What did Beyoncé open at the Brooklyn Phoenix House in 2010?

answer: Beyoncé Cosmetology Center

text: Beyoncé Cosmetology Center

question: What Lee Greenwood song did Beyoncé cover after Osama bin Laden was killed?

answer: God Bless the USA

text: God Bless the USA


text: In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada, and the Congregational Union of Canada. A sizable minority of Canadian Presbyterians, primarily in southern Ontario but also throughout the entire nation, withdrew, and reconstituted themselves as a non-concurring continuing Presbyterian body. They regained use of the original name in 1939.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: In

text: Canada

text: the

text: largest

text: Presbyterian

text: denomination

text: and

text: indeed

text: the

text: largest

text: Protestant

text: denomination

text: was

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Canada

text: formed

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: four

text: regional

text: groups

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Church

text: of

text: Canada

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Presbyterians

text: combining

text: with

text: the

text: Methodist

text: Church

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: Congregational

text: Union

text: of

text: Canada

text: A

text: sizable

text: minority

text: of

text: Canadian

text: Presbyterians

text: primarily

text: in

text: southern

text: Ontario

text: but

text: also

text: throughout

text: the

text: entire

text: nation

text: withdrew

text: and

text: reconstituted

text: themselves

text: as

text: a

text: non

text: concurring

text: continuing

text: Presbyterian

text: body

text: They

text: regained

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: name

text: in

question: What is the largest Presbyterian church denomination in Canada?

answer: Presbyterian Church in Canada

text: Presbyterian Church in Canada

question: When was the Presbyterian Church in Canada formed?

answer: 1875

question: In what year was the United Church of Canada formed?

answer: 1925

question: When was the Presbyterian Church in the US formed?

question: Which church formed with the merger of seven regional groups?

text: Presbyterian Church in Canada

question: Aside from the Methodist Church, which other church in Canada combined to form the United Church of Protestants?

text: Congregational Union of Canada

question: Aside from the Congregational Union of Canada, which other church combined to form the United Church of Protestants?

text: Methodist Church

question: In what year did they discontinue use of the original name?


text: A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or "system of things", entered the "last days" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the "great tribulation". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. After Armageddon, most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during "judgment day" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: A

text: central

text: teaching

text: of

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: current

text: world

text: era

text: or

text: system

text: of

text: things

text: entered

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: in

text: and

text: faces

text: imminent

text: destruction

text: through

text: intervention

text: by

text: God

text: and

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: leading

text: to

text: deliverance

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: worship

text: God

text: acceptably

text: They

text: consider

text: all

text: other

text: present

text: day

text: religions

text: to

text: be

text: false

text: identifying

text: them

text: with

text: Babylon

text: the

text: Great

text: or

text: the

text: harlot

text: of

text: Revelation

text: and

text: believe

text: that

text: they

text: will

text: soon

text: be

text: destroyed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: which

text: they

text: believe

text: is

text: represented

text: in

text: scripture

text: by

text: the

text: scarlet

text: colored

text: wild

text: beast

text: of

text: Revelation

text: chapter

text: This

text: development

text: will

text: mark

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: tribulation

text: Satan

text: will

text: subsequently

text: attack

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: an

text: action

text: that

text: will

text: prompt

text: God

text: to

text: begin

text: the

text: war

text: of

text: Armageddon

text: during

text: which

text: all

text: forms

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: all

text: people

text: not

text: counted

text: as

text: Christ

text: 's

text: sheep

text: or

text: true

text: followers

text: will

text: be

text: destroyed

text: After

text: Armageddon

text: God

text: will

text: extend

text: his

text: heavenly

text: kingdom

text: to

text: include

text: earth

text: which

text: will

text: be

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: paradise

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Garden

text: of

text: Eden

text: After

text: Armageddon

text: most

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: died

text: before

text: God

text: 's

text: intervention

text: will

text: gradually

text: be

text: resurrected

text: during

text: judgment

text: day

text: lasting

text: for

text: one

text: thousand

text: years

text: This

text: judgment

text: will

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: actions

text: after

text: resurrection

text: rather

text: than

text: past

text: deeds

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: thousand

text: years

text: Christ

text: will

text: hand

text: all

text: authority

text: back

text: to

text: God

text: Then

text: a

text: final

text: test

text: will

text: take

text: place

text: when

text: Satan

text: is

text: released

text: to

text: mislead

text: perfect

text: mankind

text: Those

text: who

text: fail

text: will

text: be

text: destroyed

text: along

text: with

text: Satan

text: and

text: his

text: demons

text: The

text: end

text: result

text: will

text: be

text: a

text: fully

text: tested

text: glorified

text: human

text: race

question: One of Jehovah Witnesses' central teachings is that the world entered into its last days at what year?

answer: 1914

question: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be?

answer: false

text: false

question: Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?

answer: the United Nations

text: the United Nations

question: Who needs to attack Jehovah Witnesses for God to begin the war of Armageddon?

answer: Satan

text: Satan

question: What will be the end result of God's kingdom?

answer: a fully tested, glorified human race

text: a fully tested, glorified human race

question: In what year was the United Nations formed?

question: Where does everyone go who isn't destroyed along with Satan and his demons?

text: heavenly kingdom

question: In what year did the Jehovah's Witnesses religion get formed?

question: How many demons will Satan be leading?

question: What happens to those who died during God's intervention?

text: fully tested, glorified human


text: A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: A

text: web

text: browser

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: a

text: browser

text: is

text: a

text: software

text: application

text: for

text: retrieving

text: presenting

text: and

text: traversing

text: information

text: resources

text: on

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: An

text: information

text: resource

text: is

text: identified

text: by

text: a

text: Uniform

text: Resource

text: Identifier

text: URI

text: URL

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: web

text: page

text: image

text: video

text: or

text: other

text: piece

text: of

text: content

text: Hyperlinks

text: present

text: in

text: resources

text: enable

text: users

text: easily

text: to

text: navigate

text: their

text: browsers

text: to

text: related

text: resources

question: What do people typically call a web browser?

answer: browser

text: browser

question: What platform is a browser used on?

answer: World Wide Web

text: World Wide Web

question: What does URL mean?

answer: Uniform Resource Identifier

text: Uniform Resource Identifier

question: What allows a person to direct their browser to a resource?

answer: Hyperlinks

text: Hyperlinks

question: What is the definition of the World Wide Web?

question: What helps identify the WWW?

text: a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL)

question: What are examples of the WWW?

question: What does content present in applications help users do?

question: What is something that identifies how a video plays in a software application?

text: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL)


text: After disenfranchisement of blacks, the GOP in Tennessee was historically a sectional party supported by whites only in the eastern part of the state. In the 20th century, except for two nationwide Republican landslides of the 1920s (in 1920, when Tennessee narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox, and in 1928, when it more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith, a Catholic), the state was part of the Democratic Solid South until the 1950s. In that postwar decade, it twice voted for Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, former Allied Commander of the Armed Forces during World War II. Since then, more of the state's voters have shifted to supporting Republicans, and Democratic presidential candidates have carried Tennessee only four times.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: After

text: disenfranchisement

text: of

text: blacks

text: the

text: GOP

text: in

text: Tennessee

text: was

text: historically

text: a

text: sectional

text: party

text: supported

text: by

text: whites

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: except

text: for

text: two

text: nationwide

text: Republican

text: landslides

text: of

text: the

text: in

text: when

text: Tennessee

text: narrowly

text: supported

text: Warren

text: G.

text: Harding

text: over

text: Ohio

text: Governor

text: James

text: Cox

text: and

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: more

text: decisively

text: voted

text: for

text: Herbert

text: Hoover

text: over

text: New

text: York

text: Governor

text: Al

text: Smith

text: a

text: Catholic

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Solid

text: South

text: until

text: the

text: In

text: that

text: postwar

text: decade

text: it

text: twice

text: voted

text: for

text: Republican

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: former

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Since

text: then

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: voters

text: have

text: shifted

text: to

text: supporting

text: Republicans

text: and

text: Democratic

text: presidential

text: candidates

text: have

text: carried

text: Tennessee

text: only

text: four

text: times

question: Which Republican presidential candidate did Tennessee support in 1920?

answer: Warren G. Harding

text: Warren G. Harding

question: What religion was the Democratic presidential candidate that Tennessee voted against in 1928?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

question: How many times has Tennessee supported Democratic presidential candidates in the general elections since the 1950s?

answer: four

text: four

question: Which Republican won the Presidency while carrying Tennessee in 1928?

answer: Herbert Hoover

text: Herbert Hoover


text: New York City is additionally a center for the advertising, music, newspaper, digital media, and publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America. Some of the city's media conglomerates and institutions include Time Warner, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the Associated Press, Bloomberg L.P., the News Corporation, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, AOL, and Viacom. Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York. Two of the top three record labels' headquarters are in New York: Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group. Universal Music Group also has offices in New York. New media enterprises are contributing an increasingly important component to the city's central role in the media sphere.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: additionally

text: a

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: advertising

text: music

text: newspaper

text: digital

text: media

text: and

text: publishing

text: industries

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: largest

text: media

text: market

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: media

text: conglomerates

text: and

text: institutions

text: include

text: Time

text: Warner

text: the

text: Thomson

text: Reuters

text: Corporation

text: the

text: Associated

text: Press

text: Bloomberg

text: L.P.

text: the

text: News

text: Corporation

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: Company

text: NBCUniversal

text: the

text: Hearst

text: Corporation

text: AOL

text: and

text: Viacom

text: Seven

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: top

text: eight

text: global

text: advertising

text: agency

text: networks

text: have

text: their

text: headquarters

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: three

text: record

text: labels

text: headquarters

text: are

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: and

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: also

text: has

text: offices

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: New

text: media

text: enterprises

text: are

text: contributing

text: an

text: increasingly

text: important

text: component

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: central

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: sphere

question: Along with Warner Music Group, what top three record label is based in New York City?

answer: Sony Music Entertainment

text: Sony Music Entertainment

question: What city is North America's biggest media market?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: Out of the top eight advertising agency networks in the world, how many are based in New York?

answer: Seven

text: Seven


text: A computer does not need to be electronic, nor even have a processor, nor RAM, nor even a hard disk. While popular usage of the word "computer" is synonymous with a personal electronic computer, the modern definition of a computer is literally: "A device that computes, especially a programmable [usually] electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information." Any device which processes information qualifies as a computer, especially if the processing is purposeful.[citation needed]

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: A

text: computer

text: does

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: electronic

text: nor

text: even

text: have

text: a

text: processor

text: nor

text: RAM

text: nor

text: even

text: a

text: hard

text: disk

text: While

text: popular

text: usage

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: computer

text: is

text: synonymous

text: with

text: a

text: personal

text: electronic

text: computer

text: the

text: modern

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: computer

text: is

text: literally

text: A

text: device

text: that

text: computes

text: especially

text: a

text: programmable

text: usually

text: electronic

text: machine

text: that

text: performs

text: high

text: speed

text: mathematical

text: or

text: logical

text: operations

text: or

text: that

text: assembles

text: stores

text: correlates

text: or

text: otherwise

text: processes

text: information

text: Any

text: device

text: which

text: processes

text: information

text: qualifies

text: as

text: a

text: computer

text: especially

text: if

text: the

text: processing

text: is

text: purposeful.[citation

text: needed

question: All devices that can process information can qualify being called what?

answer: a computer

text: a computer


text: In Czech, nouns and adjectives are declined into one of seven grammatical cases. Nouns are inflected to indicate their use in a sentence. A nominative–accusative language, Czech marks subject nouns with nominative case and object nouns with accusative case. The genitive case marks possessive nouns and some types of movement. The remaining cases (instrumental, locative, vocative and dative) indicate semantic relationships, such as secondary objects, movement or position (dative case) and accompaniment (instrumental case). An adjective's case agrees with that of the noun it describes. When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: In

text: Czech

text: nouns

text: and

text: adjectives

text: are

text: declined

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: seven

text: grammatical

text: cases

text: Nouns

text: are

text: inflected

text: to

text: indicate

text: their

text: use

text: in

text: a

text: sentence

text: A

text: nominative

text: accusative

text: language

text: Czech

text: marks

text: subject

text: nouns

text: with

text: nominative

text: case

text: and

text: object

text: nouns

text: with

text: accusative

text: case

text: The

text: genitive

text: case

text: marks

text: possessive

text: nouns

text: and

text: some

text: types

text: of

text: movement

text: The

text: remaining

text: cases

text: instrumental

text: locative

text: vocative

text: and

text: dative

text: indicate

text: semantic

text: relationships

text: such

text: as

text: secondary

text: objects

text: movement

text: or

text: position

text: dative

text: case

text: and

text: accompaniment

text: instrumental

text: case

text: An

text: adjective

text: 's

text: case

text: agrees

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: noun

text: it

text: describes

text: When

text: Czech

text: children

text: learn

text: their

text: language

text: 's

text: declension

text: patterns

text: the

text: cases

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: number

question: How many grammatical cases can nouns and adjectives be declined into in Czech?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: When are nouns in Czech inflected?

answer: to indicate their use in a sentence

text: to indicate their use in a sentence

question: How does Czech mark subject nouns?

answer: with nominative case

text: with nominative case

question: What nouns does Czech use the accusative case to mark?

answer: object

text: object

question: What must an adjective's case agree with in Czech?

answer: the noun it describes

text: the noun it describes

question: What age do children usually begin understanding grammatical cases?

text: seven

question: What happens to case numbers to indicate them in a sentence?

text: inflected

question: What type of instrumental music do Czech children learn in school?

text: accompaniment

question: What are three types of instrumental cases?

text: locative, vocative and dative

question: What does a secondary object agree with?

text: the noun it describes


text: The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of which failed to achieve Tarquin's objectives. The most important constitutional change during the transition from kingdom to republic concerned the chief magistrate. Before the revolution, a king would be elected by the senators for a life term. Now, two consuls were elected by the citizens for an annual term. Each consul would check his colleague, and their limited term in office would open them up to prosecution if they abused the powers of their office. Consular political powers, when exercised conjointly with a consular colleague, were no different from those of the old king.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: last

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Kingdom

text: Lucius

text: Tarquinius

text: Superbus

text: was

text: overthrown

text: in

text: BC

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: noblemen

text: led

text: by

text: Lucius

text: Junius

text: Brutus

text: Tarquin

text: made

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: attempts

text: to

text: retake

text: the

text: throne

text: including

text: the

text: Tarquinian

text: conspiracy

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: Veii

text: and

text: Tarquinii

text: and

text: finally

text: the

text: war

text: between

text: Rome

text: and

text: Clusium

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: failed

text: to

text: achieve

text: Tarquin

text: 's

text: objectives

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: constitutional

text: change

text: during

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: kingdom

text: to

text: republic

text: concerned

text: the

text: chief

text: magistrate

text: Before

text: the

text: revolution

text: a

text: king

text: would

text: be

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: senators

text: for

text: a

text: life

text: term

text: Now

text: two

text: consuls

text: were

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: citizens

text: for

text: an

text: annual

text: term

text: Each

text: consul

text: would

text: check

text: his

text: colleague

text: and

text: their

text: limited

text: term

text: in

text: office

text: would

text: open

text: them

text: up

text: to

text: prosecution

text: if

text: they

text: abused

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: their

text: office

text: Consular

text: political

text: powers

text: when

text: exercised

text: conjointly

text: with

text: a

text: consular

text: colleague

text: were

text: no

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: king

question: Who was considered to be the last king of the Roman Kingdom?

answer: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus

text: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus

question: When did the last king of the Roman Kingdom lose his seat of power?

answer: 509 BC

text: 509 BC

question: Who would elect a king in the Roman Kingdom prior to the revolution?

answer: senators

text: senators

question: What was the length of a term that a king would be elected for in the Roman Kingdom?

answer: life term

text: life term

question: Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically?

answer: old king

text: old king


text: The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: The

text: main

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: style

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: ars

text: nova

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: ars

text: antiqua

text: were

text: the

text: composers

text: Philippe

text: de

text: Vitry

text: and

text: Guillaume

text: de

text: Machaut

text: In

text: Italy

text: where

text: the

text: Provençal

text: troubadours

text: had

text: also

text: found

text: refuge

text: the

text: corresponding

text: period

text: goes

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: trecento

text: and

text: the

text: leading

text: composers

text: were

text: Giovanni

text: da

text: Cascia

text: Jacopo

text: da

text: Bologna

text: and

text: Francesco

text: Landini

text: Prominent

text: reformer

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: century

text: was

text: John

text: Kukuzelis

text: he

text: also

text: introduced

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: notation

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: centuries

question: Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century?

answer: John Kukuzelis

text: John Kukuzelis

question: What was the name of the new musical style introduced in the Late Middle Ages?

answer: ars nova

text: ars nova

question: Which musical style did ars nova replace in the 14th century?

answer: ars antiqua

text: ars antiqua

question: Who were the leading composers of the trecento period?

answer: Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini

text: Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini

question: Kukuzelis reformed the music of which religion?

answer: Orthodox Church

text: Orthodox Church

question: Who introduced a system of nonmusical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century?

text: John Kukuzelis

question: What was the name of the old musical style introduced in the Late Middle Ages?

text: ars nova

question: Which musical style did ars nova replace in the 13th century?

text: ars antiqua

question: Who were the nonleading composers of the trecento period?

question: Kukuzelis kept the music of which religion?

text: Orthodox Church


text: The earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under Alexander the Great, described diurnal leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the Noon and Midnight Manual and the Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid in the Selection of Acu-points According to the Diurnal Cycle, the Day of the Month and the Season of the Year.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: The

text: earliest

text: recorded

text: account

text: of

text: a

text: circadian

text: process

text: dates

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: B.C.E.

text: when

text: Androsthenes

text: a

text: ship

text: captain

text: serving

text: under

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: described

text: diurnal

text: leaf

text: movements

text: of

text: the

text: tamarind

text: tree

text: The

text: observation

text: of

text: a

text: circadian

text: or

text: diurnal

text: process

text: in

text: humans

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: Chinese

text: medical

text: texts

text: dated

text: to

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: including

text: the

text: Noon

text: and

text: Midnight

text: Manual

text: and

text: the

text: Mnemonic

text: Rhyme

text: to

text: Aid

text: in

text: the

text: Selection

text: of

text: Acu

text: points

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Diurnal

text: Cycle

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: the

text: Month

text: and

text: the

text: Season

text: of

text: the

text: Year

question: What is the earliest recorded instance of circadian rhythm?

answer: 4th century B.C.E

text: 4th century B.C.E

question: What ship captain described daily leaf movements?

answer: Androsthenes

text: Androsthenes

question: What tree leaves did Androsthenes describe?

answer: tamarind

text: tamarind

question: What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans?

answer: medical

text: medical

question: When did the Chinese use diurnal rhythms to remember Acu-points?

answer: 13th century

text: 13th century

question: What was first recorded in 400 BC?

text: circadian process

question: What did Alexander the great described?

text: diurnal leaf

question: What philosophers first described the diurnal process in humans?

text: Chinese

question: What was first described in medical texts during the 1300s?

text: diurnal process in humans

question: What did Androsthenes use the noon and midnight manual for?

text: Aid in the Selection of Acu-points


text: The Times's main supplement, every day, is the times2, featuring various lifestyle columns. It was discontinued on 1 March 2010 but reintroduced on 11 October 2010 after negative feedback. Its regular features include a puzzles section called Mind Games. Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005, before which it was called T2 and previously Times 2. Regular features include columns by a different columnist each weekday. There was a column by Marcus du Sautoy each Wednesday, for example. The back pages are devoted to puzzles and contain sudoku, "Killer Sudoku", "KenKen", word polygon puzzles, and a crossword simpler and more concise than the main "Times Crossword".

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: The

text: Times

text: 's

text: main

text: supplement

text: every

text: day

text: is

text: the

text: featuring

text: various

text: lifestyle

text: columns

text: It

text: was

text: discontinued

text: on

text: March

text: but

text: reintroduced

text: on

text: October

text: after

text: negative

text: feedback

text: Its

text: regular

text: features

text: include

text: a

text: puzzles

text: section

text: called

text: Mind

text: Games

text: Its

text: previous

text: incarnation

text: began

text: on

text: September

text: before

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: and

text: previously

text: Times

text: Regular

text: features

text: include

text: columns

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: columnist

text: each

text: weekday

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: column

text: by

text: Marcus

text: du

text: Sautoy

text: each

text: Wednesday

text: for

text: example

text: The

text: back

text: pages

text: are

text: devoted

text: to

text: puzzles

text: and

text: contain

text: sudoku

text: Killer

text: Sudoku

text: KenKen

text: word

text: polygon

text: puzzles

text: and

text: a

text: crossword

text: simpler

text: and

text: more

text: concise

text: than

text: the

text: main

text: Times

text: Crossword

question: What is the name of the lifestyle column of The Times?

answer: times2

question: The Times features a puzzles section called what?

answer: Mind Games

text: Mind Games

question: What is the name of the sudoku game in The Times?

answer: Killer Sudoku

text: Killer Sudoku


text: From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century. Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government, told a parliamentary inquiry: "It is self-evident that the massive growth in the human population through the 20th century has had more impact on biodiversity than any other single factor." At least until the middle of the 21st century, worldwide losses of pristine biodiverse land will probably depend much on the worldwide human birth rate.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: From

text: to

text: world

text: population

text: increased

text: from

text: billion

text: to

text: billion

text: and

text: is

text: forecast

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: plateau

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: Sir

text: David

text: King

text: former

text: chief

text: scientific

text: adviser

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: told

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: inquiry

text: It

text: is

text: self

text: evident

text: that

text: the

text: massive

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: has

text: had

text: more

text: impact

text: on

text: biodiversity

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: single

text: factor

text: At

text: least

text: until

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: worldwide

text: losses

text: of

text: pristine

text: biodiverse

text: land

text: will

text: probably

text: depend

text: much

text: on

text: the

text: worldwide

text: human

text: birth

text: rate

question: What was the increase in population from 1950 to 2011?

answer: world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion

text: world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion

question: What year started the increase of population to 7 billion?

answer: From 1950

text: From 1950

question: What is the forecast plateau that the population will reach during the 21st century?

answer: more than 9 billion

text: more than 9 billion

question: Who is the former chief scientific adviser to the UK government?

answer: Sir David King

text: Sir David King

question: What was the increase in population from 1957 to 2011?

question: What year started the increase of population to 2 billion?

text: From 1950

question: What is the forecast plateau that the population will reach during the 22nd century?

text: more than 9 billion

question: Who is the former chief scientific parliamentary to the UK government?

text: Sir David King

question: Until at least when will worldwide loss of scientific advisers probably depend much on the worldwide birth rate?

text: the middle of the 21st century


text: The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: dynasty

text: regrouped

text: and

text: defeated

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: in

text: and

text: Siam

text: in

text: It

text: restored

text: a

text: smaller

text: more

text: manageable

text: kingdom

text: encompassing

text: Lower

text: Myanmar

text: Upper

text: Myanmar

text: Shan

text: states

text: Lan

text: and

text: upper

text: Tenasserim

text: The

text: Restored

text: Toungoo

text: kings

text: created

text: a

text: legal

text: and

text: political

text: framework

text: whose

text: basic

text: features

text: would

text: continue

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: crown

text: completely

text: replaced

text: the

text: hereditary

text: chieftainships

text: with

text: appointed

text: governorships

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: Irrawaddy

text: valley

text: and

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: the

text: hereditary

text: rights

text: of

text: Shan

text: chiefs

text: Its

text: trade

text: and

text: secular

text: administrative

text: reforms

text: built

text: a

text: prosperous

text: economy

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: From

text: the

text: onward

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: beset

text: with

text: repeated

text: Meithei

text: raids

text: into

text: Upper

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: a

text: nagging

text: rebellion

text: in

text: Lan

text: In

text: the

text: Mon

text: of

text: Lower

text: Myanmar

text: founded

text: the

text: Restored

text: Hanthawaddy

text: Kingdom

text: Hanthawaddy

text: forces

text: sacked

text: Ava

text: in

text: ending

text: the

text: old

text: Toungoo

text: Dynasty

question: How were the Portuguese expelled from Myanmar?

answer: The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese

text: The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese

question: Did the country have lasting monarchs?

answer: Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century

text: Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century

question: Did the original chieftains maintain power political power?

answer: The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley

text: The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley

question: In what year was one of the original Myanmar kingdoms restored?

answer: In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom

text: In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom


text: During the three years following its inception, the university bore three different names. The board first approved "Eliot Seminary," but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary, which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious faith. He favored a nonsectarian university. In 1854, the Board of Trustees changed the name to "Washington Institute" in honor of George Washington. Naming the University after the nation's first president, only seven years before the American Civil War and during a time of bitter national division, was no coincidence. During this time of conflict, Americans universally admired George Washington as the father of the United States and a symbol of national unity. The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri. In 1856, the University amended its name to "Washington University." The university amended its name once more in 1976, when the Board of Trustees voted to add the suffix "in St. Louis" to distinguish the university from the nearly two dozen other universities bearing Washington's name.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: During

text: the

text: three

text: years

text: following

text: its

text: inception

text: the

text: university

text: bore

text: three

text: different

text: names

text: The

text: board

text: first

text: approved

text: Eliot

text: Seminary

text: but

text: William

text: Eliot

text: was

text: uncomfortable

text: with

text: naming

text: a

text: university

text: after

text: himself

text: and

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: seminary

text: which

text: would

text: implicitly

text: be

text: charged

text: with

text: teaching

text: a

text: religious

text: faith

text: He

text: favored

text: a

text: nonsectarian

text: university

text: In

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: changed

text: the

text: name

text: to

text: Washington

text: Institute

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: George

text: Washington

text: Naming

text: the

text: University

text: after

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: first

text: president

text: only

text: seven

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: during

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: bitter

text: national

text: division

text: was

text: no

text: coincidence

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: of

text: conflict

text: Americans

text: universally

text: admired

text: George

text: Washington

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: national

text: unity

text: The

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: university

text: should

text: be

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: unity

text: in

text: a

text: strongly

text: divided

text: Missouri

text: In

text: the

text: University

text: amended

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: Washington

text: University

text: The

text: university

text: amended

text: its

text: name

text: once

text: more

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: voted

text: to

text: add

text: the

text: suffix

text: in

text: St.

text: Louis

text: to

text: distinguish

text: the

text: university

text: from

text: the

text: nearly

text: two

text: dozen

text: other

text: universities

text: bearing

text: Washington

text: 's

text: name

question: What was one of the names that was initially considered for Washington University in St. Louis?

answer: Eliot Seminary

text: Eliot Seminary

question: What name was selected by the Board of Trustees in 1854 for Washington University?

answer: Washington Institute

text: Washington Institute

question: Why did the Board of Trustees choose to name Washing University after George Washington?

answer: The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri

text: The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri

question: When was the name Washington University amended?

answer: 1856

question: When was the suffix "in St. Louis" added to Washington University?

answer: 1976

question: In what year was Washington University founded?

question: Who was one of Washington University's trustees in 1976?

text: William Eliot

question: Who initially wanted Washington University to be a seminary?

text: William Eliot

question: Who was the nation's second president?

text: George Washington

question: Who was one of the Board of Trustees members in 1854?

text: William Eliot


text:
H
2 is produced in chemistry and biology laboratories, often as a by-product of other reactions; in industry for the hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates; and in nature as a means of expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: H

text: is

text: produced

text: in

text: chemistry

text: and

text: biology

text: laboratories

text: often

text: as

text: a

text: by

text: product

text: of

text: other

text: reactions

text: in

text: industry

text: for

text: the

text: hydrogenation

text: of

text: unsaturated

text: substrates

text: and

text: in

text: nature

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: expelling

text: reducing

text: equivalents

text: in

text: biochemical

text: reactions

question: How does nature produce H2?

answer: expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions

text: expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions

question: How do labs produce H2?

answer: by-product of other reactions

text: by-product of other reactions


text: In 1930, Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later. Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle formulated in 1927, predict a fundamental limit within which instantaneous position and momentum, or energy and time can be measured. This has far reaching consequences on the "emptiness" of space between particles. In the late 20th century, so-called virtual particles that arise spontaneously from empty space were confirmed.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: In

text: Paul

text: Dirac

text: proposed

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: vacuum

text: as

text: an

text: infinite

text: sea

text: of

text: particles

text: possessing

text: negative

text: energy

text: called

text: the

text: Dirac

text: sea

text: This

text: theory

text: helped

text: refine

text: the

text: predictions

text: of

text: his

text: earlier

text: formulated

text: Dirac

text: equation

text: and

text: successfully

text: predicted

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: positron

text: confirmed

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: Werner

text: Heisenberg

text: 's

text: uncertainty

text: principle

text: formulated

text: in

text: predict

text: a

text: fundamental

text: limit

text: within

text: which

text: instantaneous

text: position

text: and

text: momentum

text: or

text: energy

text: and

text: time

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: This

text: has

text: far

text: reaching

text: consequences

text: on

text: the

text: emptiness

text: of

text: space

text: between

text: particles

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: so

text: called

text: virtual

text: particles

text: that

text: arise

text: spontaneously

text: from

text: empty

text: space

text: were

text: confirmed

question: An infinite sea of particles with negative energy  was a model propesed by whom?

answer: Paul Dirac

text: Paul Dirac

question: What year was the Dirac sea modeled?

answer: 1930

question: When werer virtual particles confirmed?

answer: late 20th century

text: late 20th century

question: What year was the uncertainty principle formed?

answer: 1927,

question: What theorized that time and energy can be measured?

answer: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

text: Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

question: What kind of energy did Werner Heisenberg believe a vacuum held?

text: negative

question: What did Heisenberg call the particles with negative energy inside a vacuum?

text: the Dirac sea

question: What did Heisenberg predict the existence of in 1930?

text: the positron

question: How long did it take for the uncertainty principle by Dirac to be confirmed?

text: two years

question: What in the late 20th century did Dirac theorize can be measured?

text: energy and time


text: Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor. The ratings for the first two episodes of season eleven fell 16–21% in overall viewer numbers and 24–27% in the 18/49 demo, while the season finale fell 27% in total viewer number and 30% in the 18-49 demo. The average viewership for the season fell below 20 million viewers the first time since 2003, a drop of 23% in total viewers and 30% in the 18/49 demo. For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: eleven

text: however

text: suffered

text: a

text: steep

text: drop

text: in

text: ratings

text: a

text: drop

text: attributed

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: new

text: shows

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Voice

text: and

text: The

text: X

text: Factor

text: The

text: ratings

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: episodes

text: of

text: season

text: eleven

text: fell

text: in

text: overall

text: viewer

text: numbers

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: while

text: the

text: season

text: finale

text: fell

text: in

text: total

text: viewer

text: number

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: The

text: average

text: viewership

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: fell

text: below

text: million

text: viewers

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: a

text: drop

text: of

text: in

text: total

text: viewers

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: eight

text: years

text: American

text: Idol

text: lost

text: the

text: leading

text: position

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: total

text: viewers

text: number

text: and

text: the

text: demo

text: coming

text: in

text: second

text: to

text: NBC

text: Sunday

text: Night

text: Football

text: although

text: the

text: strengths

text: of

text: Idol

text: in

text: its

text: second

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: Wednesday

text: Thursday

text: primetime

text: slots

text: helped

text: Fox

text: achieve

text: the

text: longest

text: period

text: of

text: demographic

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: Nielsen

text: ratings

text: standing

text: at

text: straight

text: years

text: from

text: to

question: For how many years was American Idol the top rated show on television?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season?

answer: Sunday Night Football

text: Sunday Night Football

question: How long did Fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings?

answer: eight years

text: eight years


text: The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: original

text: USB

text: specification

text: which

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: January

text: defined

text: data

text: transfer

text: rates

text: of

text: Mbit

text: s

text: Low

text: Speed

text: and

text: Mbit

text: s

text: Full

text: Speed

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: OSR

text: provided

text: OEM

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: devices

text: The

text: first

text: widely

text: used

text: version

text: of

text: USB

text: was

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: Mbit

text: s

text: data

text: rate

text: was

text: intended

text: for

text: higher

text: speed

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: disk

text: drives

text: and

text: the

text: lower

text: Mbit

text: s

text: rate

text: for

text: low

text: data

text: rate

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: joysticks

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: 's

text: iMac

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: mainstream

text: product

text: with

text: USB

text: and

text: the

text: iMac

text: 's

text: success

text: popularized

text: USB

text: itself

text: Following

text: Apple

text: 's

text: design

text: decision

text: to

text: remove

text: all

text: legacy

text: ports

text: from

text: the

text: iMac

text: many

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: began

text: building

text: legacy

text: free

text: PCs

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: broader

text: PC

text: market

text: using

text: USB

text: as

text: a

text: standard

question: When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced?

answer: January 1996

text: January 1996

question: How fast was the slowest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?

answer: 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed"

text: 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed"

question: What was the fastest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?

answer: 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed"

text: 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed"

question: 1.1 was the first widely used version of what?

answer: USB

text: USB

question: When was the first widely used version of USB released?

answer: September 1998

text: September 1998


text: Niels Bohr introduced the first quantized model of the atom in 1913, in an attempt to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model. In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should radiate electromagnetic radiation. If that charge were to be an electron orbiting a nucleus, the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus. Bohr solved this paradox with explicit reference to Planck's work: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies En

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: Niels

text: Bohr

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: quantized

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: atom

text: in

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: overcome

text: a

text: major

text: shortcoming

text: of

text: Rutherford

text: 's

text: classical

text: model

text: In

text: classical

text: electrodynamics

text: a

text: charge

text: moving

text: in

text: a

text: circle

text: should

text: radiate

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: If

text: that

text: charge

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: electron

text: orbiting

text: a

text: nucleus

text: the

text: radiation

text: would

text: cause

text: it

text: to

text: lose

text: energy

text: and

text: spiral

text: down

text: into

text: the

text: nucleus

text: Bohr

text: solved

text: this

text: paradox

text: with

text: explicit

text: reference

text: to

text: Planck

text: 's

text: work

text: an

text: electron

text: in

text: a

text: Bohr

text: atom

text: could

text: only

text: have

text: certain

text: defined

text: energies

text: En

question: Who introduced the first quantized model of the atom?

answer: Niels Bohr

text: Niels Bohr

question: When was the first quantized model of the atom introduced?

answer: 1913

question: Why was the first quantized model of the atom introduced?

answer: to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model

text: to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model

question: In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should do what?

answer: radiate electromagnetic radiation

text: radiate electromagnetic radiation

question: Who modeled the atom in 1913, challenging Rutherford's model?

answer: Niels Bohr

text: Niels Bohr

question: What was predicted to happen to a nucleus-orbiting electron under Rutherford's model?

answer: the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus

text: the radiation would cause it to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus

question: What statement did Bohr make about the electron of an atom, citing Planck's work?

answer: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies

text: an electron in a Bohr atom could only have certain defined energies

question: Who introduced the last quantized model of the atom?

text: Niels Bohr

question: When was the last quantized model of the molecule introduced?

question: Why was the first quantized model of the atom destroyed?

question: Who modeled the molecule in 1918, challenging Rutherford's model?

text: Niels Bohr

question: What statement did Bohr make about the nucleus of an atom?


text: Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and military. It was strongly supported by the Central Asian republics, which needed the economic advantages of a common market to prosper. However, it would have meant some degree of continued Communist Party control over economic and social life.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: Faced

text: with

text: growing

text: separatism

text: Gorbachev

text: sought

text: to

text: restructure

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: into

text: a

text: less

text: centralized

text: state

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: was

text: scheduled

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: New

text: Union

text: Treaty

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: converted

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: into

text: a

text: federation

text: of

text: independent

text: republics

text: with

text: a

text: common

text: president

text: foreign

text: policy

text: and

text: military

text: It

text: was

text: strongly

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: Central

text: Asian

text: republics

text: which

text: needed

text: the

text: economic

text: advantages

text: of

text: a

text: common

text: market

text: to

text: prosper

text: However

text: it

text: would

text: have

text: meant

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: continued

text: Communist

text: Party

text: control

text: over

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: life

question: What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What was supposed to be signed on August 20?

answer: New Union Treaty

text: New Union Treaty

question: Who supported the treaty?

answer: Central Asian republics,

text: Central Asian republics,

question: What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?

answer: Communist Party

text: Communist Party


text: The Forbes 400 survey estimated in 2004 that Teresa Heinz Kerry had a net worth of $750 million. However, estimates have frequently varied, ranging from around $165 million to as high as $3.2 billion, according to a study in the Los Angeles Times. Regardless of which figure is correct, Kerry was the wealthiest U.S. Senator while serving in the Senate. Independent of Heinz, Kerry is wealthy in his own right, and is the beneficiary of at least four trusts inherited from Forbes family relatives, including his mother, Rosemary Forbes Kerry, who died in 2002. Forbes magazine (named for the Forbes family of publishers, unrelated to Kerry) estimated that if elected, and if Heinz family assets were included, Kerry would have been the third-richest U.S. President in history, when adjusted for inflation. This assessment was based on Heinz and Kerry's combined assets, but the couple signed a prenuptial agreement that keeps their assets separate. Kerry's financial disclosure form for 2011 put his personal assets in the range of $230,000,000 to $320,000,000, including the assets of his spouse and any dependent children. This included slightly more than three million dollars worth of H. J. Heinz Company assets, which increased in value by over six hundred thousand dollars in 2013 when Berkshire Hathaway announced their intention to purchase the company.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: The

text: Forbes

text: survey

text: estimated

text: in

text: that

text: Teresa

text: Heinz

text: Kerry

text: had

text: a

text: net

text: worth

text: of

text: million

text: However

text: estimates

text: have

text: frequently

text: varied

text: ranging

text: from

text: around

text: million

text: to

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: billion

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: in

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: Regardless

text: of

text: which

text: figure

text: is

text: correct

text: Kerry

text: was

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: U.S.

text: Senator

text: while

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: Independent

text: of

text: Heinz

text: Kerry

text: is

text: wealthy

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: right

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: beneficiary

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: four

text: trusts

text: inherited

text: from

text: Forbes

text: family

text: relatives

text: including

text: his

text: mother

text: Rosemary

text: Forbes

text: Kerry

text: who

text: died

text: in

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: Forbes

text: family

text: of

text: publishers

text: unrelated

text: to

text: Kerry

text: estimated

text: that

text: if

text: elected

text: and

text: if

text: Heinz

text: family

text: assets

text: were

text: included

text: Kerry

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: third

text: richest

text: U.S.

text: President

text: in

text: history

text: when

text: adjusted

text: for

text: inflation

text: This

text: assessment

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: Heinz

text: and

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: combined

text: assets

text: but

text: the

text: couple

text: signed

text: a

text: prenuptial

text: agreement

text: that

text: keeps

text: their

text: assets

text: separate

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: financial

text: disclosure

text: form

text: for

text: put

text: his

text: personal

text: assets

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: to

text: including

text: the

text: assets

text: of

text: his

text: spouse

text: and

text: any

text: dependent

text: children

text: This

text: included

text: slightly

text: more

text: than

text: three

text: million

text: dollars

text: worth

text: of

text: H.

text: J.

text: Heinz

text: Company

text: assets

text: which

text: increased

text: in

text: value

text: by

text: over

text: six

text: hundred

text: thousand

text: dollars

text: in

text: when

text: Berkshire

text: Hathaway

text: announced

text: their

text: intention

text: to

text: purchase

text: the

text: company

question: What was Teresa Heinz Kerry's net worth in 2004 according to Forbes?

answer: $750 million

text: $750 million

question: What range of estimates have been given for Teresa Heinz Kerry's net worth?

answer: from around $165 million to as high as $3.2 billion

text: from around $165 million to as high as $3.2 billion

question: What was Kerry's mother's name?

answer: Rosemary Forbes Kerry

text: Rosemary Forbes Kerry

question: When did Kerry's mother pass away?

answer: 2002

question: Where would Kerry have ranked among richest US presidents, adjusted for inflation?

answer: third-richest

text: third-richest


text: Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: Some

text: reordering

text: of

text: the

text: Thuringian

text: states

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: German

text: Mediatisation

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: territory

text: was

text: included

text: within

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Confederation

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: organized

text: in

text: The

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: confirmed

text: these

text: changes

text: and

text: the

text: Thuringian

text: states

text: inclusion

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Confederation

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: also

text: acquired

text: some

text: Thuringian

text: territory

text: and

text: administered

text: it

text: within

text: the

text: Province

text: of

text: Saxony

text: The

text: Thuringian

text: duchies

text: which

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Prussian

text: led

text: unification

text: of

text: Germany

text: were

text: Saxe

text: Weimar

text: Eisenach

text: Saxe

text: Meiningen

text: Saxe

text: Altenburg

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: Gotha

text: Schwarzburg

text: Sondershausen

text: Schwarzburg

text: Rudolstadt

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: principalities

text: of

text: Reuss

text: Elder

text: Line

text: and

text: Reuss

text: Younger

text: Line

text: In

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: these

text: small

text: states

text: merged

text: into

text: one

text: state

text: called

text: Thuringia

text: only

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: voted

text: to

text: join

text: Bavaria

text: instead

text: Weimar

text: became

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: The

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: of

text: this

text: new

text: state

text: was

text: simpler

text: than

text: they

text: had

text: been

text: previously

question: When was the German Mediatisation?

answer: 1795 to 1814

text: 1795 to 1814

question: When were the mediatisation changes confirmed?

answer: The 1815 Congress of Vienna

text: The 1815 Congress of Vienna

question: Which kingdom acquired some Thuringian territory?

answer: the Kingdom of Prussia

text: the Kingdom of Prussia

question: Who led the unification of Germany in 1871?

answer: Prussian-led

text: Prussian-led

question: Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 1?

answer: Weimar

text: Weimar

question: When was the German Mediatisation unknown?

text: 1795 to 1814

question: When were the Mediatisation changes denied?

text: The 1815 Congress of Vienna

question: Which kingdom lost some Thuringian territory?

text: the Kingdom of Prussia

question: Who stopped the unification of Germany in 1871?

text: Prussian-led

question: Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 3?

text: Weimar


text: Both Locke and Rousseau developed social contract theories in Two Treatises of Government and Discourse on Inequality, respectively. While quite different works, Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau agreed that a social contract, in which the government's authority lies in the consent of the governed, is necessary for man to live in civil society. Locke defines the state of nature as a condition in which humans are rational and follow natural law; in which all men are born equal and with the right to life, liberty and property. However, when one citizen breaks the Law of Nature, both the transgressor and the victim enter into a state of war, from which it is virtually impossible to break free. Therefore, Locke said that individuals enter into civil society to protect their natural rights via an "unbiased judge" or common authority, such as courts, to appeal to. Contrastingly, Rousseau's conception relies on the supposition that "civil man" is corrupted, while "natural man" has no want he cannot fulfill himself. Natural man is only taken out of the state of nature when the inequality associated with private property is established. Rousseau said that people join into civil society via the social contract to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom. This is embodied in the sovereignty of the general will, the moral and collective legislative body constituted by citizens.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Both

text: Locke

text: and

text: Rousseau

text: developed

text: social

text: contract

text: theories

text: in

text: Two

text: Treatises

text: of

text: Government

text: and

text: Discourse

text: on

text: Inequality

text: respectively

text: While

text: quite

text: different

text: works

text: Locke

text: Hobbes

text: and

text: Rousseau

text: agreed

text: that

text: a

text: social

text: contract

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: authority

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: governed

text: is

text: necessary

text: for

text: man

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: civil

text: society

text: Locke

text: defines

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: nature

text: as

text: a

text: condition

text: in

text: which

text: humans

text: are

text: rational

text: and

text: follow

text: natural

text: law

text: in

text: which

text: all

text: men

text: are

text: born

text: equal

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: life

text: liberty

text: and

text: property

text: However

text: when

text: one

text: citizen

text: breaks

text: the

text: Law

text: of

text: Nature

text: both

text: the

text: transgressor

text: and

text: the

text: victim

text: enter

text: into

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: war

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: virtually

text: impossible

text: to

text: break

text: free

text: Therefore

text: Locke

text: said

text: that

text: individuals

text: enter

text: into

text: civil

text: society

text: to

text: protect

text: their

text: natural

text: rights

text: via

text: an

text: unbiased

text: judge

text: or

text: common

text: authority

text: such

text: as

text: courts

text: to

text: appeal

text: to

text: Contrastingly

text: Rousseau

text: 's

text: conception

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: supposition

text: that

text: civil

text: man

text: is

text: corrupted

text: while

text: natural

text: man

text: has

text: no

text: want

text: he

text: can

text: not

text: fulfill

text: himself

text: Natural

text: man

text: is

text: only

text: taken

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: nature

text: when

text: the

text: inequality

text: associated

text: with

text: private

text: property

text: is

text: established

text: Rousseau

text: said

text: that

text: people

text: join

text: into

text: civil

text: society

text: via

text: the

text: social

text: contract

text: to

text: achieve

text: unity

text: while

text: preserving

text: individual

text: freedom

text: This

text: is

text: embodied

text: in

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: will

text: the

text: moral

text: and

text: collective

text: legislative

text: body

text: constituted

text: by

text: citizens

question: What did Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau agree was necessary for a man to live in civil society?

answer: social contract

text: social contract

question: Which theorist wrote Two Treatises of Government?

answer: Locke

text: Locke

question: Who wrote Discourse on Inequality?

answer: Rousseau

text: Rousseau

question: From which state does Locke believe it is virtually improssible to break free?

answer: state of war

text: state of war

question: For what reason did Rousseau feel people joined into civil society?

answer: to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom

text: to achieve unity while preserving individual freedom


text: Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938), there is no general federal common law. Although federal courts can create federal common law in the form of case law, such law must be linked one way or another to the interpretation of a particular federal constitutional provision, statute, or regulation (which in turn was enacted as part of the Constitution or after). Federal courts lack the plenary power possessed by state courts to simply make up law, which the latter are able to do in the absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law. Only in a few narrow limited areas, like maritime law, has the Constitution expressly authorized the continuation of English common law at the federal level (meaning that in those areas federal courts can continue to make law as they see fit, subject to the limitations of stare decisis).

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Under

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: Erie

text: Railroad

text: Co.

text: v.

text: Tompkins

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: general

text: federal

text: common

text: law

text: Although

text: federal

text: courts

text: can

text: create

text: federal

text: common

text: law

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: case

text: law

text: such

text: law

text: must

text: be

text: linked

text: one

text: way

text: or

text: another

text: to

text: the

text: interpretation

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: provision

text: statute

text: or

text: regulation

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: enacted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: or

text: after

text: Federal

text: courts

text: lack

text: the

text: plenary

text: power

text: possessed

text: by

text: state

text: courts

text: to

text: simply

text: make

text: up

text: law

text: which

text: the

text: latter

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: do

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: constitutional

text: or

text: statutory

text: provisions

text: replacing

text: the

text: common

text: law

text: Only

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: narrow

text: limited

text: areas

text: like

text: maritime

text: law

text: has

text: the

text: Constitution

text: expressly

text: authorized

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: English

text: common

text: law

text: at

text: the

text: federal

text: level

text: meaning

text: that

text: in

text: those

text: areas

text: federal

text: courts

text: can

text: continue

text: to

text: make

text: law

text: as

text: they

text: see

text: fit

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: limitations

text: of

text: stare

text: decisis

question: What states that there is no general federal common law?

answer: the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins

text: the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins

question: When was the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins put into effect?

answer: 1938

question: Why can't federal courts just make up law?

answer: lack the plenary power possessed by state courts

text: lack the plenary power possessed by state courts

question: When are states allowed to use plenary power?

answer: absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law

text: absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law

question: Who won Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins?

text: Erie Railroad Co.

question: When was the Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins rescinded?

question: What type of power do Federal courts have that state courts do not?

text: plenary

question: What is an example of a law that is not an extension of English common law?

text: maritime

question: Maritime law is not subject to what limitation?

text: stare decisis


text: The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times – the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury is highly toxic; the miners were slaves or prisoners, and being sent to the cinnabar mines was a virtual death sentence.

title: Red

title: Red

text: The

text: Romans

text: liked

text: bright

text: colors

text: and

text: many

text: Roman

text: villas

text: were

text: decorated

text: with

text: vivid

text: red

text: murals

text: The

text: pigment

text: used

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: murals

text: was

text: called

text: vermilion

text: and

text: it

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: mineral

text: cinnabar

text: a

text: common

text: ore

text: of

text: mercury

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: reds

text: of

text: ancient

text: times

text: the

text: paintings

text: have

text: retained

text: their

text: brightness

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: twenty

text: centuries

text: The

text: source

text: of

text: cinnabar

text: for

text: the

text: Romans

text: was

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: mines

text: near

text: Almadén

text: southwest

text: of

text: Madrid

text: in

text: Spain

text: Working

text: in

text: the

text: mines

text: was

text: extremely

text: dangerous

text: since

text: mercury

text: is

text: highly

text: toxic

text: the

text: miners

text: were

text: slaves

text: or

text: prisoners

text: and

text: being

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: cinnabar

text: mines

text: was

text: a

text: virtual

text: death

text: sentence

question: What pigment was used to paint villas in ancient Rome?

answer: vermilion

text: vermilion

question: From where did vermilion originate?

answer: the mineral cinnabar

text: the mineral cinnabar

question: Cinnabar is an ore of what metal?

answer: mercury

text: mercury

question: What mines did Romans use to acquire cinnabar?

answer: Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain

text: Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain

question: Along with slaves, who was sent to work in cinnabar mines in Rome?

answer: prisoners

text: prisoners

question: What color were Roman villas painted?

text: red

question: What was the pigment called that was used for the painting of Roman villas?

text: vermilion

question: What is Mercury a common ore of?

text: cinnabar

question: What city is southwest of Almaden?

text: Madrid


text: Seattle also has large lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. According to a 2006 study by UCLA, 12.9% of city residents polled identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. metropolitan areas, with 6.5% of the population identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. According to 2012 estimates from the United States Census Bureau, Seattle has the highest percentage of same-sex households in the United States, at 2.6 per cent, surpassing San Francisco.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: also

text: has

text: large

text: lesbian

text: gay

text: bisexual

text: and

text: transgender

text: populations

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: UCLA

text: of

text: city

text: residents

text: polled

text: identified

text: as

text: gay

text: lesbian

text: or

text: bisexual

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: proportion

text: of

text: any

text: major

text: U.S.

text: city

text: behind

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Greater

text: Seattle

text: also

text: ranked

text: second

text: among

text: major

text: U.S.

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: identifying

text: as

text: gay

text: lesbian

text: or

text: bisexual

text: According

text: to

text: estimates

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: Seattle

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: percentage

text: of

text: same

text: sex

text: households

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: at

text: per

text: cent

text: surpassing

text: San

text: Francisco

question: By a UCLA study,how many Seattle residents identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual?

answer: 12.9%

question: How does the numbers in the gay community rank compared to other US cities?

answer: second-highest

text: second-highest

question: What city ranked higher in population in the gay community?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: What is Seattle's percentage of same sex households?

answer: 2.6

question: What is Seattle's ranking for same sex households as compared with the rest of the US?

answer: highest percentage

text: highest percentage


text: The GDP of Thuringia is below the national average, in line with the other former East German Lands. Until 2004, Thuringia was one of the weakest regions within the European Union. The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth in Germany since 2005 has brought the Thuringian GDP close to the EU average since then. The high economic subsidies granted by the federal government and the EU after 1990 are being reduced gradually and will end around 2020.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: The

text: GDP

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: is

text: below

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: former

text: East

text: German

text: Lands

text: Until

text: Thuringia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: weakest

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: accession

text: of

text: several

text: new

text: countries

text: the

text: crisis

text: in

text: southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sustained

text: economic

text: growth

text: in

text: Germany

text: since

text: has

text: brought

text: the

text: Thuringian

text: GDP

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: EU

text: average

text: since

text: then

text: The

text: high

text: economic

text: subsidies

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: EU

text: after

text: are

text: being

text: reduced

text: gradually

text: and

text: will

text: end

text: around

question: Where is the GDP of Thuringia?

answer: below the national average

text: below the national average

question: For how long was Thuringia one of the weakest regions in the EU?

answer: Until 2004

text: Until 2004

question: What has helped to improve Thuringia?

answer: The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth

text: The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth

question: When will government subsidies to Thuringia end?

answer: around 2020

text: around 2020

question: Where is the GDP of Thuringia never at?

text: below the national average

question: How long was Thuringia one of the strongest regions in the EU?

text: Until 2004

question: What has helped to sabotage Thuringia?

question: When will government subsidies to Thuringia renew?

text: around 2020