text: In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the Northern Ireland Assembly. England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament. In 1998 a set of eight unelected Regional assemblies, or chambers, was created to support the English Regional Development Agencies, but these were abolished between 2008 and 2010. The Regions of England continue to be used in certain governmental administrative functions.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: devolution

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: has

text: decentralised

text: power

text: once

text: again

text: Since

text: the

text: referendums

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Wales

text: and

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Agreement

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: constituent

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: now

text: have

text: some

text: level

text: of

text: autonomy

text: Government

text: has

text: been

text: devolved

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: for

text: Wales

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Assembly

text: England

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: its

text: own

text: parliament

text: and

text: English

text: affairs

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: decided

text: by

text: the

text: Westminster

text: Parliament

text: In

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: eight

text: unelected

text: Regional

text: assemblies

text: or

text: chambers

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: English

text: Regional

text: Development

text: Agencies

text: but

text: these

text: were

text: abolished

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: Regions

text: of

text: England

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: certain

text: governmental

text: administrative

text: functions

question: What has the process of devolution in the UK did?

answer: decentralised power once again

text: decentralised power once again

question: What happened since 1997?

answer: referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland

text: referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland

question: Does England have its own Parliament?

answer: England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament

text: England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament

question: What does the region of England continue to use?

answer: certain governmental administrative functions

text: certain governmental administrative functions

question: What has the process of revolution in the UK did?

text: decentralised power once again

question: What has the process of devolution in the US did?

text: decentralised power once again

question: What happened since 1979?

question: Why does England have its own Parliament?

question: What doesn't the region of England continue to use?


text: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003. The female population was 707,697 (53.4%) while the male population accounted for 618,271 (46.6%). The population had declined since the previous census carried out in 1996, with an average annual growth rate of −1.5 per thousand. Continual decline has been documented since the census period of 1975–1985, which showed a rate of −5.6 per thousand. The decrease is due in large part to lowered fertility, partly offset by mortality, and to a smaller degree in migration. The birth rate declined by 19% from 1996 (17 per thousand) to 2004 (13.8 per thousand). Similarly, the total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 2.24 in 1996 to 1.79 in 2004. However, mortality continued to fall with life expectancy at birth for both sexes increasing by 1.73 years.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: survey

text: carried

text: out

text: between

text: June

text: and

text: July

text: Montevideo

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: persons

text: compared

text: to

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: female

text: population

text: was

text: while

text: the

text: male

text: population

text: accounted

text: for

text: The

text: population

text: had

text: declined

text: since

text: the

text: previous

text: census

text: carried

text: out

text: in

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: annual

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: thousand

text: Continual

text: decline

text: has

text: been

text: documented

text: since

text: the

text: census

text: period

text: of

text: which

text: showed

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: thousand

text: The

text: decrease

text: is

text: due

text: in

text: large

text: part

text: to

text: lowered

text: fertility

text: partly

text: offset

text: by

text: mortality

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: smaller

text: degree

text: in

text: migration

text: The

text: birth

text: rate

text: declined

text: by

text: from

text: per

text: thousand

text: to

text: per

text: thousand

text: Similarly

text: the

text: total

text: fertility

text: rate

text: TFR

text: declined

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: However

text: mortality

text: continued

text: to

text: fall

text: with

text: life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: birth

text: for

text: both

text: sexes

text: increasing

text: by

text: years

question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's population?

answer: 1,325,968 persons

text: 1,325,968 persons

question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Uruguay's population?

answer: 3,241,003

question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's female population?

answer: 707,697

question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's male population?

answer: 618,271


text: Kant argued against all three forms of materialism, subjective idealism (which he contrasts with his "transcendental idealism") and dualism. However, Kant also argues that change and time require an enduring substrate, and does so in connection with his Refutation of Idealism. Postmodern/poststructuralist thinkers also express a skepticism about any all-encompassing metaphysical scheme. Philosopher Mary Midgley, among others, argues that materialism is a self-refuting idea, at least in its eliminative form.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: Kant

text: argued

text: against

text: all

text: three

text: forms

text: of

text: materialism

text: subjective

text: idealism

text: which

text: he

text: contrasts

text: with

text: his

text: transcendental

text: idealism

text: and

text: dualism

text: However

text: Kant

text: also

text: argues

text: that

text: change

text: and

text: time

text: require

text: an

text: enduring

text: substrate

text: and

text: does

text: so

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: his

text: Refutation

text: of

text: Idealism

text: Postmodern

text: poststructuralist

text: thinkers

text: also

text: express

text: a

text: skepticism

text: about

text: any

text: all

text: encompassing

text: metaphysical

text: scheme

text: Philosopher

text: Mary

text: Midgley

text: among

text: others

text: argues

text: that

text: materialism

text: is

text: a

text: self

text: refuting

text: idea

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: its

text: eliminative

text: form

question: Who agreed with all three forms of materialism?

text: Kant

question: Who disagrees with transcendental idealism?

text: Kant

question: Postmodern/poststructuralist agree with what?

question: Who agrees that materialism is not a self-refuting idea?

text: Mary Midgley

question: Who wrote the Refutation of Materialism?

text: Kant


text: In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges."

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: In

text: India

text: the

text: longest

text: constitutional

text: text

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: has

text: governed

text: that

text: country

text: since

text: Although

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: intended

text: to

text: provide

text: details

text: that

text: would

text: limit

text: the

text: opportunity

text: for

text: judicial

text: discretion

text: the

text: more

text: text

text: there

text: is

text: in

text: a

text: constitution

text: the

text: greater

text: opportunity

text: the

text: judiciary

text: may

text: have

text: to

text: exercise

text: judicial

text: review

text: According

text: to

text: Indian

text: journalist

text: Harish

text: Khare

text: The

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: or

text: rather

text: the

text: Constitution

text: is

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: being

text: supplanted

text: by

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: judges

question: What country has the longest version of a constitution?

answer: India

text: India

question: In what year was India's constitution drafted?

answer: 1950

question: What country has the longest Constitution?

answer: India

text: India

question: In Thailand, the length of the constitution impacts the judges chances to exercise what?

answer: judicial review

text: judicial review

question: What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand?

answer: rule of judges

text: rule of judges

question: What country has the longest history of constitutional government?

text: India

question: What country had a Constitution until 1950?

text: India

question: What kind of reviews are discouraged by lengthy constitutions?

text: judicial review.

question: What type of discretion was meant to be encouraged by India's Constitution

text: judicial discretion

question: What is threatening to replace the role of judges?

text: the Constitution


text: Because of the difficulty of moving crude bitumen through pipelines, non-upgraded bitumen is usually diluted with natural-gas condensate in a form called dilbit or with synthetic crude oil, called synbit. However, to meet international competition, much non-upgraded bitumen is now sold as a blend of multiple grades of bitumen, conventional crude oil, synthetic crude oil, and condensate in a standardized benchmark product such as Western Canadian Select. This sour, heavy crude oil blend is designed to have uniform refining characteristics to compete with internationally marketed heavy oils such as Mexican Mayan or Arabian Dubai Crude.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: moving

text: crude

text: bitumen

text: through

text: pipelines

text: non

text: upgraded

text: bitumen

text: is

text: usually

text: diluted

text: with

text: natural

text: gas

text: condensate

text: in

text: a

text: form

text: called

text: dilbit

text: or

text: with

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: called

text: synbit

text: However

text: to

text: meet

text: international

text: competition

text: much

text: non

text: upgraded

text: bitumen

text: is

text: now

text: sold

text: as

text: a

text: blend

text: of

text: multiple

text: grades

text: of

text: bitumen

text: conventional

text: crude

text: oil

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: and

text: condensate

text: in

text: a

text: standardized

text: benchmark

text: product

text: such

text: as

text: Western

text: Canadian

text: Select

text: This

text: sour

text: heavy

text: crude

text: oil

text: blend

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: have

text: uniform

text: refining

text: characteristics

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: internationally

text: marketed

text: heavy

text: oils

text: such

text: as

text: Mexican

text: Mayan

text: or

text: Arabian

text: Dubai

text: Crude

question: What is done to crude bitumen to promote its movement through pipelines?

answer: diluted

text: diluted

question: What is the natural gas condensate used to dilute bitumen?

answer: dilbit

text: dilbit

question: What is the synthetic crude additive to bitumen called?

answer: synbit

text: synbit

question: What is the usually sold standard blend of bitumen and oils named?

answer: Western Canadian Select

text: Western Canadian Select

question: In what uniform use was Western Canadian Select meant to excel?

answer: refining

text: refining

question: Because it's easy to move what through pipelines is non upgraded bitumen is usually diluted?

text: crude bitumen

question: What is upgraded bitumen now sold as to meet international competition?

question: What is non-upgraded bitumen now sold as to meet national competition?

question: The bitter and light crude oil mix is designed to competed with what types of oils?

text: internationally marketed heavy oils

question: The sour and heavy crude oil mix is designed to competed with what types of benchmarks?

text: internationally marketed heavy oils


text: Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of the Empire to create and experiment with different ingredients. The creations of the Ottoman Palace's kitchens filtered to the population, for instance through Ramadan events, and through the cooking at the Yalıs of the Pashas, and from there on spread to the rest of the population.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Ottoman

text: cuisine

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: cuisine

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: Istanbul

text: and

text: the

text: regional

text: capital

text: cities

text: where

text: the

text: melting

text: pot

text: of

text: cultures

text: created

text: a

text: common

text: cuisine

text: that

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: regardless

text: of

text: ethnicity

text: shared

text: This

text: diverse

text: cuisine

text: was

text: honed

text: in

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Palace

text: 's

text: kitchens

text: by

text: chefs

text: brought

text: from

text: certain

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: to

text: create

text: and

text: experiment

text: with

text: different

text: ingredients

text: The

text: creations

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Palace

text: 's

text: kitchens

text: filtered

text: to

text: the

text: population

text: for

text: instance

text: through

text: Ramadan

text: events

text: and

text: through

text: the

text: cooking

text: at

text: the

text: Yalıs

text: of

text: the

text: Pashas

text: and

text: from

text: there

text: on

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: population

question: The cuisine known as Ottoman cuisine is in reference to the food eaten where?

answer: the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities

text: the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities

question: In what kitchen's was Ottoman cuisine perfected?

answer: the Imperial Palace's kitchens

text: the Imperial Palace's kitchens

question: What is one type of religious event that the general public may come to experience the creations of the Imperial Palace?

answer: Ramadan

text: Ramadan

question: Preparing food at the Yalıs of the Pashas was one way Ottoman Cuisine might spread to whom?

answer: the population

text: the population

question: What did the chefs ingredients in the Imperial Palace's kitchens?

answer: create and experiment

text: create and experiment


text: John's first wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, was released from imprisonment in 1214; she remarried twice, and died in 1217. John's second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, left England for Angoulême soon after the king's death; she became a powerful regional leader, but largely abandoned the children she had had by John. John had five legitimate children, all by Isabella. His eldest son, Henry III, ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century. Richard became a noted European leader and ultimately the King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire. Joan married Alexander II of Scotland to become his queen consort. Isabella married the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. His youngest daughter, Eleanor, married William Marshal's son, also called William, and later the famous English rebel Simon de Montfort. John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses, including nine sons – Richard, Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Eudes, Bartholomew and probably Philip – and three daughters – Joan, Maud and probably Isabel. Of these, Joan became the most famous, marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: 's

text: first

text: wife

text: Isabel

text: Countess

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: was

text: released

text: from

text: imprisonment

text: in

text: she

text: remarried

text: twice

text: and

text: died

text: in

text: John

text: 's

text: second

text: wife

text: Isabella

text: of

text: Angoulême

text: left

text: England

text: for

text: Angoulême

text: soon

text: after

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: death

text: she

text: became

text: a

text: powerful

text: regional

text: leader

text: but

text: largely

text: abandoned

text: the

text: children

text: she

text: had

text: had

text: by

text: John

text: John

text: had

text: five

text: legitimate

text: children

text: all

text: by

text: Isabella

text: His

text: eldest

text: son

text: Henry

text: III

text: ruled

text: as

text: king

text: for

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Richard

text: became

text: a

text: noted

text: European

text: leader

text: and

text: ultimately

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Romans

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Joan

text: married

text: Alexander

text: II

text: of

text: Scotland

text: to

text: become

text: his

text: queen

text: consort

text: Isabella

text: married

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Frederick

text: II

text: His

text: youngest

text: daughter

text: Eleanor

text: married

text: William

text: Marshal

text: 's

text: son

text: also

text: called

text: William

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: famous

text: English

text: rebel

text: Simon

text: de

text: Montfort

text: John

text: had

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: illegitimate

text: children

text: by

text: various

text: mistresses

text: including

text: nine

text: sons

text: Richard

text: Oliver

text: John

text: Geoffrey

text: Henry

text: Osbert

text: Gifford

text: Eudes

text: Bartholomew

text: and

text: probably

text: Philip

text: and

text: three

text: daughters

text: Joan

text: Maud

text: and

text: probably

text: Isabel

text: Of

text: these

text: Joan

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: marrying

text: Prince

text: Llywelyn

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Wales

question: When was Isabel released from imprisonment?

answer: 1214

question: Who did Joan marry to become queen consort?

answer: Alexander II of Scotland

text: Alexander II of Scotland

question: How many legitimate children did John have?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who was John's eldest son?

answer: Henry III

text: Henry III


text: Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today, with the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—coming to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world. Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, with artists migrating to the city from the rest of the Indian subcontinent. While Hyderabad is losing its cultural pre-eminence, it is today, due to the Telugu film industry, the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Relics

text: of

text: Qutb

text: Shahi

text: and

text: Nizam

text: rule

text: remain

text: visible

text: today

text: with

text: the

text: Charminar

text: commissioned

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: Quli

text: Qutb

text: Shah

text: coming

text: to

text: symbolise

text: Hyderabad

text: Golconda

text: fort

text: is

text: another

text: major

text: landmark

text: The

text: influence

text: of

text: Mughlai

text: culture

text: is

text: also

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: distinctive

text: cuisine

text: which

text: includes

text: Hyderabadi

text: biryani

text: and

text: Hyderabadi

text: haleem

text: The

text: Qutb

text: Shahis

text: and

text: Nizams

text: established

text: Hyderabad

text: as

text: a

text: cultural

text: hub

text: attracting

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: from

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Hyderabad

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: foremost

text: centre

text: of

text: culture

text: in

text: India

text: with

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: artists

text: migrating

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: While

text: Hyderabad

text: is

text: losing

text: its

text: cultural

text: pre

text: eminence

text: it

text: is

text: today

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Telugu

text: film

text: industry

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: producer

text: of

text: motion

text: pictures

question: Which individual commissioned Chaminar?

answer: Muhammad Quli Qutb

text: Muhammad Quli Qutb

question: When did Hyderabad become important culturally in India?

answer: the mid-19th century

text: the mid-19th century

question: Which two groups had an influence in making Hyderabad a cultural center?

answer: The Qutb Shahis and Nizams

text: The Qutb Shahis and Nizams

question: What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad?

answer: Mughlai culture

text: Mughlai culture

question: Hyderabad has India's second biggest film production industry, what is it called?

answer: Telugu film industry

text: Telugu film industry


text: An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds).

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: An

text: alloy

text: is

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: metals

text: or

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: a

text: metal

text: and

text: another

text: element

text: Alloys

text: are

text: defined

text: by

text: metallic

text: bonding

text: character

text: An

text: alloy

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: solid

text: solution

text: of

text: metal

text: elements

text: a

text: single

text: phase

text: or

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: metallic

text: phases

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: solutions

text: Intermetallic

text: compounds

text: are

text: alloys

text: with

text: a

text: defined

text: stoichiometry

text: and

text: crystal

text: structure

text: Zintl

text: phases

text: are

text: also

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: alloys

text: depending

text: on

text: bond

text: types

text: see

text: also

text: Van

text: Arkel

text: Ketelaar

text: triangle

text: for

text: information

text: on

text: classifying

text: bonding

text: in

text: binary

text: compounds

question: What is an alloy?

answer: a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element

text: a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element

question: What are alloys defined by?

answer: metallic bonding character

text: metallic bonding character

question: When are Zintl considered alloys?

answer: depending on bond types

text: depending on bond types

question: What is solid solution metal elements classified as?

answer: a single phase

text: a single phase

question: What is always a mixture of metal and other elements?

text: An alloy

question: What is defined by its atomic bonding character?

text: Alloys

question: What type of solution has a single phase in two or more solutions?

text: solid solution

question: What type of phases are always considered to be alloys?

text: Zintl phases


text: When it comes to civil and criminal cases, the Bundesgerichtshof is at the top of the hierarchy of courts. The other branches of the German judicial system each have their own appellate systems, each topped by a high court; these are the Bundessozialgericht for matters of social security, the Bundesarbeitsgericht for employment and labour, the Bundesfinanzhof for taxation and financial issues, and the Bundesverwaltungsgericht for administrative law. The so-called Gemeinsamer Senat der Obersten Gerichtshöfe (Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts) is not a supreme court in itself, but an ad-hoc body that is convened in only when one supreme court intends to diverge from another supreme court's legal opinion or when a certain case exceeds the authority of one court. As the courts have well-defined areas of responsibility, situations like these are rather rare and so, the Joint Senate gathers very infrequently, and only to consider matters which are mostly definitory.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: When

text: it

text: comes

text: to

text: civil

text: and

text: criminal

text: cases

text: the

text: Bundesgerichtshof

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: courts

text: The

text: other

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: judicial

text: system

text: each

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: appellate

text: systems

text: each

text: topped

text: by

text: a

text: high

text: court

text: these

text: are

text: the

text: Bundessozialgericht

text: for

text: matters

text: of

text: social

text: security

text: the

text: Bundesarbeitsgericht

text: for

text: employment

text: and

text: labour

text: the

text: Bundesfinanzhof

text: for

text: taxation

text: and

text: financial

text: issues

text: and

text: the

text: Bundesverwaltungsgericht

text: for

text: administrative

text: law

text: The

text: so

text: called

text: Gemeinsamer

text: Senat

text: der

text: Obersten

text: Gerichtshöfe

text: Joint

text: Senate

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Courts

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: supreme

text: court

text: in

text: itself

text: but

text: an

text: ad

text: hoc

text: body

text: that

text: is

text: convened

text: in

text: only

text: when

text: one

text: supreme

text: court

text: intends

text: to

text: diverge

text: from

text: another

text: supreme

text: court

text: 's

text: legal

text: opinion

text: or

text: when

text: a

text: certain

text: case

text: exceeds

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: one

text: court

text: As

text: the

text: courts

text: have

text: well

text: defined

text: areas

text: of

text: responsibility

text: situations

text: like

text: these

text: are

text: rather

text: rare

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: Joint

text: Senate

text: gathers

text: very

text: infrequently

text: and

text: only

text: to

text: consider

text: matters

text: which

text: are

text: mostly

text: definitory

question: The German high court has jurisdiction over what two areas of law?

answer: civil and criminal cases

text: civil and criminal cases

question: What court has supremacy for matters of social security?

answer: Bundessozialgericht

text: Bundessozialgericht

question: What court sits in supremacy for cases related to employment and labor law in Germany?

answer: Bundesarbeitsgericht

text: Bundesarbeitsgericht

question: Germany's Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts is also known by what name?

answer: Gemeinsamer Senat der Obersten Gerichtshöfe

text: Gemeinsamer Senat der Obersten Gerichtshöfe

question: What else does Bundesgerichtshof deal with besides taxation?

text: financial issues

question: What is the Bundessozialgericht at the top of?

text: the hierarchy of courts

question: What type of law is Bundesarbeitsgericht for?

text: administrative

question: What is the German term for the Senate of the Supreme Courts?

question: How often does the Joint Supreme Court gather?

text: very infrequently


text: Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: Many

text: historical

text: sites

text: exist

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: properties

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: Of

text: these

text: nine

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: U.S.

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmarks

text: in

text: Connecticut

text: The

text: New

text: Haven

text: Green

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmarks

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: three

text: century

text: churches

text: Below

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: churches

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Center

text: Church

text: on

text: the

text: Green

text: lies

text: a

text: century

text: crypt

text: which

text: is

text: open

text: to

text: visitors

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: famous

text: burials

text: include

text: the

text: first

text: wife

text: of

text: Benedict

text: Arnold

text: and

text: the

text: aunt

text: and

text: grandmother

text: of

text: President

text: Rutherford

text: B.

text: Hayes

text: Hayes

text: visited

text: the

text: crypt

text: while

text: President

text: in

text: The

text: Old

text: Campus

text: of

text: Yale

text: University

text: is

text: located

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: Green

text: and

text: includes

text: Connecticut

text: Hall

text: Yale

text: 's

text: oldest

text: building

text: and

text: a

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmark

text: The

text: Hillhouse

text: Avenue

text: area

text: which

text: is

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: Yale

text: 's

text: campus

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: a

text: walkable

text: museum

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: century

text: mansions

text: and

text: street

text: scape

text: Charles

text: Dickens

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: called

text: Hillhouse

text: Avenue

text: the

text: most

text: beautiful

text: street

text: in

text: America

text: when

text: visiting

text: the

text: city

text: in

question: How many properties in New Haven are featured on the National Register of Historic Places?

answer: 59

question: In 1868, which famous author is reported to have declared New Haven's Hillhouse Avenue to be "the most beautiful street in America?"

answer: Charles Dickens

text: Charles Dickens

question: Of the three churches flanking New Haven Green, which is home to a notorious 17th century crypt?

answer: Center Church on-the-Green

text: Center Church on-the-Green

question: What famous American traitor has a first wife buried in a 17th century crypt in a New Haven church flanking New Haven Green?

answer: Benedict Arnold

text: Benedict Arnold

question: What structure of Yale University, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, holds the distinction of being the oldest building on campus?

answer: Connecticut Hall

text: Connecticut Hall

question: According to the National Register of Historic Places how many historical sites are there in New Haven?

answer: 59

question: In what year was the famous The New Haven Green founded?

answer: 1638

question: What tourist spot can be found directly underneath the New Haven Green?

answer: a 17th-century crypt

text: a 17th-century crypt

question: Yale University also contains a historical site within it campus, the name of it?

answer: Hillhouse Avenue

text: Hillhouse Avenue


text: The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: joined

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: December

text: after

text: the

text: Japanese

text: attack

text: on

text: Pearl

text: Harbor

text: On

text: the

text: European

text: front

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: troops

text: formed

text: a

text: significant

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: forces

text: that

text: captured

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: Sicily

text: and

text: later

text: fought

text: in

text: Italy

text: On

text: D

text: Day

text: June

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: subsequent

text: liberation

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: defeat

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: millions

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: troops

text: played

text: a

text: central

text: role

text: In

text: the

text: Pacific

text: War

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: soldiers

text: participated

text: alongside

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: in

text: capturing

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: from

text: Japanese

text: control

text: Following

text: the

text: Axis

text: surrenders

text: in

text: May

text: Germany

text: and

text: August

text: Japan

text: of

text: army

text: troops

text: were

text: deployed

text: to

text: Japan

text: and

text: Germany

text: to

text: occupy

text: the

text: two

text: defeated

text: nations

text: Two

text: years

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: army

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Air

text: Force

text: in

text: September

text: after

text: decades

text: of

text: attempting

text: to

text: separate

text: Also

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: was

text: desegregated

text: by

text: order

text: of

text: President

text: Harry

text: S.

text: Truman

question: What month and year did the U.S. join World War II?

answer: December 1941

text: December 1941

question: Which military force attacked Pearl Harbor?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: What is the month, day and year of "D-Day"?

answer: June 6, 1944

text: June 6, 1944

question: What war lead to the capture of the Pacific Islands by the U.S.?

answer: Pacific War

text: Pacific War

question: Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army?

answer: Harry S. Truman

text: Harry S. Truman

question: What month and year did the Chinese join World War II?

text: December 1941

question: Which military force aided  during Pearl Harbor?

text: Japanese

question: What is month, day, and year V-Day?

text: June 6, 1944

question: Who was responsible for the segregation of the army?

text: President Harry S. Truman

question: Who participated along with U.S. Army soldiers in the French-Indian War?

text: United States Marine Corps


text: The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city). The riverfront includes Tri-Centennial State Park and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park. The second phase is a two-mile (3 km) extension from Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge for a total of five miles (8 km) of parkway from bridge to bridge. Civic planners envision that the pedestrian parks will stimulate residential redevelopment of riverfront properties condemned under eminent domain.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: Detroit

text: International

text: Riverfront

text: includes

text: a

text: partially

text: completed

text: three

text: and

text: one

text: half

text: mile

text: riverfront

text: promenade

text: with

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: parks

text: residential

text: buildings

text: and

text: commercial

text: areas

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: Hart

text: Plaza

text: to

text: the

text: MacArthur

text: Bridge

text: accessing

text: Belle

text: Isle

text: Park

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: park

text: in

text: a

text: U.S.

text: city

text: The

text: riverfront

text: includes

text: Tri

text: Centennial

text: State

text: Park

text: and

text: Harbor

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: first

text: urban

text: state

text: park

text: The

text: second

text: phase

text: is

text: a

text: two

text: mile

text: km

text: extension

text: from

text: Hart

text: Plaza

text: to

text: the

text: Ambassador

text: Bridge

text: for

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: five

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: parkway

text: from

text: bridge

text: to

text: bridge

text: Civic

text: planners

text: envision

text: that

text: the

text: pedestrian

text: parks

text: will

text: stimulate

text: residential

text: redevelopment

text: of

text: riverfront

text: properties

text: condemned

text: under

text: eminent

text: domain

question: What is the large island park in Detroit?

answer: Belle Isle Park

text: Belle Isle Park

question: What is Michigan's first urban park?

answer: Tri-Centennial State Park

text: Tri-Centennial State Park

question: How long is the second phase of the riverfront?

answer: two-mile

text: two-mile

question: What is the total length of the Detroit International Riverfront?

answer: five miles

text: five miles


text: The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west, it reached beyond modern Pakistan, to the Hindu Kush mountains in what is now Afghanistan. The empire was established by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha (in modern Bihar) when he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty. Chandragupta's son Bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 BC. By the time he died in c. 272 BC, a large part of the subcontinent was under Mauryan suzerainty. However, the region of Kalinga (around modern day Odisha) remained outside Mauryan control, perhaps interfering with their trade with the south.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Maurya

text: Empire

text: BCE

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: empire

text: to

text: unify

text: India

text: into

text: one

text: state

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: on

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: At

text: its

text: greatest

text: extent

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: Empire

text: stretched

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: natural

text: boundaries

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: into

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Assam

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: it

text: reached

text: beyond

text: modern

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: mountains

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Afghanistan

text: The

text: empire

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: Chandragupta

text: Maurya

text: in

text: Magadha

text: in

text: modern

text: Bihar

text: when

text: he

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Nanda

text: Dynasty

text: Chandragupta

text: 's

text: son

text: Bindusara

text: succeeded

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: around

text: BC

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: died

text: in

text: c.

text: BC

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: was

text: under

text: Mauryan

text: suzerainty

text: However

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Kalinga

text: around

text: modern

text: day

text: Odisha

text: remained

text: outside

text: Mauryan

text: control

text: perhaps

text: interfering

text: with

text: their

text: trade

text: with

text: the

text: south

question: What was the first empire to unify India?

answer: Maurya Empire

text: Maurya Empire

question: What was the time span of the Mauryan Empire?

answer: 322–185 BCE

text: 322–185 BCE

question: Who formed the Maurya Empire in Magadha?

answer: Chandragupta Maurya

text: Chandragupta Maurya

question: What dynasty did Chandragupta Maurya defeat?

answer: Nanda Dynasty

text: Nanda Dynasty

question: In what year did Chandraguta's son come to the throne?

answer: 297 BC

text: 297 BC


text: The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly from Paris, while many of his friends and family ruled countries such as Spain, Poland, several parts of Italy and many other Kingdoms Republics and dependencies. The Napoleonic Era changed the face of Europe forever, and old Empires and Kingdoms fell apart as a result of the mighty and "Glorious" surge of Republicanism.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: campaigns

text: of

text: French

text: Emperor

text: and

text: General

text: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: characterized

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Era

text: Born

text: on

text: Corsica

text: as

text: the

text: French

text: invaded

text: and

text: dying

text: suspiciously

text: on

text: the

text: tiny

text: British

text: Island

text: of

text: St.

text: Helena

text: this

text: brilliant

text: commander

text: controlled

text: a

text: French

text: Empire

text: that

text: at

text: its

text: height

text: ruled

text: a

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: Europe

text: directly

text: from

text: Paris

text: while

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: friends

text: and

text: family

text: ruled

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Spain

text: Poland

text: several

text: parts

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: Kingdoms

text: Republics

text: and

text: dependencies

text: The

text: Napoleonic

text: Era

text: changed

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: Europe

text: forever

text: and

text: old

text: Empires

text: and

text: Kingdoms

text: fell

text: apart

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: mighty

text: and

text: Glorious

text: surge

text: of

text: Republicanism

question: What characterized the Napoleonic Era?

answer: The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte

text: The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte

question: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?

answer: Corsica

text: Corsica

question: Where was Napoleon Bonaparte die?

answer: St. Helena

text: St. Helena

question: From where did the French empire rule a large portion of Europe?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Why were Europe's Empires and Kingdoms dispatched?

answer: surge of Republicanism

text: surge of Republicanism


text: Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship. The historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa supports van Praag's position. However, Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that these assertions by van Praag and Shakabpa are "fallacies".

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Historians

text: disagree

text: on

text: what

text: the

text: relationship

text: was

text: between

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: and

text: Tibet

text: and

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: Ming

text: China

text: had

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Tibet

text: Van

text: Praag

text: writes

text: that

text: Chinese

text: court

text: historians

text: viewed

text: Tibet

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: foreign

text: tributary

text: and

text: had

text: little

text: interest

text: in

text: Tibet

text: besides

text: a

text: lama

text: patron

text: relationship

text: The

text: historian

text: Tsepon

text: W.

text: D.

text: Shakabpa

text: supports

text: van

text: Praag

text: 's

text: position

text: However

text: Wang

text: Jiawei

text: and

text: Nyima

text: Gyaincain

text: state

text: that

text: these

text: assertions

text: by

text: van

text: Praag

text: and

text: Shakabpa

text: are

text: fallacies

question: Who supported van Praag's beliefs?

answer: historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa

text: historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa

question: Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?

answer: Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain

text: Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain


text: The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s. The bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases. A few of the notable portrayals of the FBI on television are the 1993-2002 series The X-Files, which concerned investigations into paranormal phenomena by five fictional Special Agents and the fictional Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU) agency in the TV drama 24, which is patterned after the FBI Counterterrorism Division. The 1991 movie Point Break is based on the true story of an undercover FBI agent who infiltrated a gang of bank robbers. The 1997 movie Donnie Brasco is based on the true story of undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone infiltrating the Mafia.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: has

text: been

text: frequently

text: depicted

text: in

text: popular

text: media

text: since

text: the

text: The

text: bureau

text: has

text: participated

text: to

text: varying

text: degrees

text: which

text: has

text: ranged

text: from

text: direct

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: creative

text: process

text: of

text: film

text: or

text: TV

text: series

text: development

text: to

text: providing

text: consultation

text: on

text: operations

text: and

text: closed

text: cases

text: A

text: few

text: of

text: the

text: notable

text: portrayals

text: of

text: the

text: FBI

text: on

text: television

text: are

text: the

text: series

text: The

text: X

text: Files

text: which

text: concerned

text: investigations

text: into

text: paranormal

text: phenomena

text: by

text: five

text: fictional

text: Special

text: Agents

text: and

text: the

text: fictional

text: Counter

text: Terrorist

text: Unit

text: CTU

text: agency

text: in

text: the

text: TV

text: drama

text: which

text: is

text: patterned

text: after

text: the

text: FBI

text: Counterterrorism

text: Division

text: The

text: movie

text: Point

text: Break

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: true

text: story

text: of

text: an

text: undercover

text: FBI

text: agent

text: who

text: infiltrated

text: a

text: gang

text: of

text: bank

text: robbers

text: The

text: movie

text: Donnie

text: Brasco

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: true

text: story

text: of

text: undercover

text: FBI

text: agent

text: Joseph

text: D.

text: Pistone

text: infiltrating

text: the

text: Mafia

question: When did the FBI first appear in popular media?

answer: 1930s

question: What notable TV show was concerned with FBI investigations of the paranormal?

answer: X-Files

text: X-Files

question: What is the TV drama 24 designed on?

answer: FBI Counterterrorism Division

text: FBI Counterterrorism Division

question: Who is the movie Point Break Based on?

answer: undercover FBI agent

text: undercover FBI agent

question: Who is the movie Donnie Brasco based on?

answer: Joseph D. Pistone

text: Joseph D. Pistone

question: What was frequently depicted in popular media before the 1930s?

text: FBI

question: What is not a notable portrayal of the FBI on television?

text: The X-Files

question: What has the FBI never done with popular media?

text: providing consultation on operations

question: What is patterned after the Counter Terrorist Unit?

text: FBI Counterterrorism Division

question: What 1991 movie is not based on a true story?

text: Point Break


text: New Haven was the subject of Who Governs? Democracy and Power in An American City, a very influential book in political science by preeminent Yale professor Robert A. Dahl, which includes an extensive history of the city and thorough description of its politics in the 1950s. New Haven's theocratic history is also mentioned several times by Alexis de Tocqueville in his classic volume on 19th-century American political life, Democracy in America. New Haven was the residence of conservative thinker William F. Buckley, Jr., in 1951, when he wrote his influential God and Man at Yale. William Lee Miller's The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society (1966) similarly explores the relationship between local politics in New Haven and national political movements, focusing on Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and urban renewal.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: was

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: Who

text: Governs

text: Democracy

text: and

text: Power

text: in

text: An

text: American

text: City

text: a

text: very

text: influential

text: book

text: in

text: political

text: science

text: by

text: preeminent

text: Yale

text: professor

text: Robert

text: A.

text: Dahl

text: which

text: includes

text: an

text: extensive

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: thorough

text: description

text: of

text: its

text: politics

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: theocratic

text: history

text: is

text: also

text: mentioned

text: several

text: times

text: by

text: Alexis

text: de

text: Tocqueville

text: in

text: his

text: classic

text: volume

text: on

text: century

text: American

text: political

text: life

text: Democracy

text: in

text: America

text: New

text: Haven

text: was

text: the

text: residence

text: of

text: conservative

text: thinker

text: William

text: F.

text: Buckley

text: Jr.

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: wrote

text: his

text: influential

text: God

text: and

text: Man

text: at

text: Yale

text: William

text: Lee

text: Miller

text: 's

text: The

text: Fifteenth

text: Ward

text: and

text: the

text: Great

text: Society

text: similarly

text: explores

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: local

text: politics

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: and

text: national

text: political

text: movements

text: focusing

text: on

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: Great

text: Society

text: and

text: urban

text: renewal

question: What is the title of the political science book, written by a Yale professor, that explores New Haven politics and history throughout the 1950's?

answer: Who Governs? Democracy and Power in An American City

text: Who Governs? Democracy and Power in An American City

question: Who is the author of "Who Governs? Democracy an Power in An American City"

answer: Robert A. Dahl

text: Robert A. Dahl

question: What penultimate work by Alexis de Tocqueville makes mention of New Haven's original theocratic government?

answer: Democracy in America

text: Democracy in America

question: To which prominent conservative, that authored God and Man at Yale, did New Haven provide residence in 1951?

answer: William F. Buckley, Jr.

text: William F. Buckley, Jr.

question: Who is the author of The Fifteenth Ward and the Great Society?

answer: William Lee Miller

text: William Lee Miller

question: What is the name of popular book discussing the politics of New Haven published in the 50s?

answer: Democracy and Power in An American City

text: Democracy and Power in An American City

question: What famous french historian mention the city within his book Democracy in America?

answer: Alexis de Tocqueville

text: Alexis de Tocqueville

question: New Haven was the home to author that wrote God and Man at Yale, the writer's name was?

answer: William F. Buckley, Jr.

text: William F. Buckley, Jr.

question: What is the name of the book published in 1966 that had focus on the city politics in relations with President Johnson's policies?

answer: the Great Society

text: the Great Society


text: Even with the five largest cities in Sichuan suffering only minor damage from the quake, some estimates of the economic loss run higher than US$75 billion, making the earthquake one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Even

text: with

text: the

text: five

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: suffering

text: only

text: minor

text: damage

text: from

text: the

text: quake

text: some

text: estimates

text: of

text: the

text: economic

text: loss

text: run

text: higher

text: than

text: US$

text: billion

text: making

text: the

text: earthquake

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: costliest

text: natural

text: disasters

text: in

text: Chinese

text: history

question: What is an estimate of the economic loss from the quake?

answer: $75 billion

text: $75 billion

question: What damage did the major Sichuan cities have?

answer: minor damage

text: minor damage

question: What is an estimate of losses to economics?

answer: US$75 billion

text: US$75 billion

question: Whose is this one of the costliest disasters in history of?

answer: Chinese history

text: Chinese history

question: Which cities in Sichuan had minor damage?

answer: five largest cities

text: five largest cities


text: Alloying a metal is done by combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals that often enhance its properties. For example, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element. The electrical and thermal conductivity of alloys is usually lower than that of the pure metals. The physical properties, such as density, reactivity, Young's modulus of an alloy may not differ greatly from those of its elements, but engineering properties such as tensile strength and shear strength may be substantially different from those of the constituent materials. This is sometimes a result of the sizes of the atoms in the alloy, because larger atoms exert a compressive force on neighboring atoms, and smaller atoms exert a tensile force on their neighbors, helping the alloy resist deformation. Sometimes alloys may exhibit marked differences in behavior even when small amounts of one element are present. For example, impurities in semiconducting ferromagnetic alloys lead to different properties, as first predicted by White, Hogan, Suhl, Tian Abrie and Nakamura. Some alloys are made by melting and mixing two or more metals. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was the first alloy discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the bronze age; it was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties. In later times bronze has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings. Brass is an alloy made from copper and zinc.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: Alloying

text: a

text: metal

text: is

text: done

text: by

text: combining

text: it

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: other

text: metals

text: or

text: non

text: metals

text: that

text: often

text: enhance

text: its

text: properties

text: For

text: example

text: steel

text: is

text: stronger

text: than

text: iron

text: its

text: primary

text: element

text: The

text: electrical

text: and

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: of

text: alloys

text: is

text: usually

text: lower

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: pure

text: metals

text: The

text: physical

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: density

text: reactivity

text: Young

text: 's

text: modulus

text: of

text: an

text: alloy

text: may

text: not

text: differ

text: greatly

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: its

text: elements

text: but

text: engineering

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: tensile

text: strength

text: and

text: shear

text: strength

text: may

text: be

text: substantially

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: constituent

text: materials

text: This

text: is

text: sometimes

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: sizes

text: of

text: the

text: atoms

text: in

text: the

text: alloy

text: because

text: larger

text: atoms

text: exert

text: a

text: compressive

text: force

text: on

text: neighboring

text: atoms

text: and

text: smaller

text: atoms

text: exert

text: a

text: tensile

text: force

text: on

text: their

text: neighbors

text: helping

text: the

text: alloy

text: resist

text: deformation

text: Sometimes

text: alloys

text: may

text: exhibit

text: marked

text: differences

text: in

text: behavior

text: even

text: when

text: small

text: amounts

text: of

text: one

text: element

text: are

text: present

text: For

text: example

text: impurities

text: in

text: semiconducting

text: ferromagnetic

text: alloys

text: lead

text: to

text: different

text: properties

text: as

text: first

text: predicted

text: by

text: White

text: Hogan

text: Suhl

text: Tian

text: Abrie

text: and

text: Nakamura

text: Some

text: alloys

text: are

text: made

text: by

text: melting

text: and

text: mixing

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: metals

text: Bronze

text: an

text: alloy

text: of

text: copper

text: and

text: tin

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: alloy

text: discovered

text: during

text: the

text: prehistoric

text: period

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: bronze

text: age

text: it

text: was

text: harder

text: than

text: pure

text: copper

text: and

text: originally

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: tools

text: and

text: weapons

text: but

text: was

text: later

text: superseded

text: by

text: metals

text: and

text: alloys

text: with

text: better

text: properties

text: In

text: later

text: times

text: bronze

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: ornaments

text: bells

text: statues

text: and

text: bearings

text: Brass

text: is

text: an

text: alloy

text: made

text: from

text: copper

text: and

text: zinc

question: What can be done to a metal to enhance its properties?

answer: combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals

text: combining it with one or more other metals or non-metals

question: Pure metals have a higher electrical and thermal conductivity than what?

answer: alloys

text: alloys

question: When copper and tin is mixed, what is made?

answer: Bronze

text: Bronze

question: When was the bronze age?

answer: prehistoric period

text: prehistoric period

question: Copper and zinc combine to make what?

answer: Brass

text: Brass

question: What is done by combining one or more metals and removing nonmetals?

text: Alloying

question: What has a higher electrical and thermal conductivity then pure metals?

text: alloys

question: What is made by mixing copper and iron?

text: Bronze,

question: What is combined with tin to make brass?

text: copper

question: Who do smaller atoms exert a compressive force on?

text: neighboring atoms


text: Currently, the largest professional wrestling company worldwide is the United States-based WWE, which bought out many smaller regional companies in the late 20th century, as well as its primary US competitors WCW and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in early 2001. Other prominent professional wrestling companies worldwide include the US-based Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) in Mexico, and the Japanese New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), and Pro Wrestling Noah (NOAH) leagues.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Currently

text: the

text: largest

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: company

text: worldwide

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: based

text: WWE

text: which

text: bought

text: out

text: many

text: smaller

text: regional

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: primary

text: US

text: competitors

text: WCW

text: and

text: Extreme

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: ECW

text: in

text: early

text: Other

text: prominent

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: companies

text: worldwide

text: include

text: the

text: US

text: based

text: Total

text: Nonstop

text: Action

text: Wrestling

text: TNA

text: and

text: Ring

text: of

text: Honor

text: ROH

text: Consejo

text: Mundial

text: de

text: Lucha

text: Libre

text: CMLL

text: and

text: Asistencia

text: Asesoría

text: y

text: Administración

text: AAA

text: in

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Japanese

text: New

text: Japan

text: Pro

text: Wrestling

text: NJPW

text: All

text: Japan

text: Pro

text: Wrestling

text: AJPW

text: and

text: Pro

text: Wrestling

text: Noah

text: NOAH

text: leagues

question: What is the biggest wrestling company?

answer: the United States-based WWE

text: the United States-based WWE

question: Which companies are some of WWE's competition?

answer: WCW and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW)

text: WCW and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW)

question: What are some other major wrestling companies?

answer: Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA)

text: Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH), Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA)

question: What is the name of a Japanese wrestling company?

answer: Japanese New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW)

text: Japanese New Japan Pro Wrestling (NJPW)


text: Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Hard

text: rock

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: loud

text: aggressive

text: rock

text: music

text: The

text: electric

text: guitar

text: is

text: often

text: emphasised

text: used

text: with

text: distortion

text: and

text: other

text: effects

text: both

text: as

text: a

text: rhythm

text: instrument

text: using

text: repetitive

text: riffs

text: with

text: a

text: varying

text: degree

text: of

text: complexity

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: solo

text: lead

text: instrument

text: Drumming

text: characteristically

text: focuses

text: on

text: driving

text: rhythms

text: strong

text: bass

text: drum

text: and

text: a

text: backbeat

text: on

text: snare

text: sometimes

text: using

text: cymbals

text: for

text: emphasis

text: The

text: bass

text: guitar

text: works

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: drums

text: occasionally

text: playing

text: riffs

text: but

text: usually

text: providing

text: a

text: backing

text: for

text: the

text: rhythm

text: and

text: lead

text: guitars

text: Vocals

text: are

text: often

text: growling

text: raspy

text: or

text: involve

text: screaming

text: or

text: wailing

text: sometimes

text: in

text: a

text: high

text: range

text: or

text: even

text: falsetto

text: voice

question: What instrument is usually at the center of a hard rock sound?

answer: The electric guitar

text: The electric guitar

question: Rhythm guitar in hard rock usually plays what?

answer: repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity

text: repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity

question: In hard rock, an electric guitar can also be used for what?

answer: a solo lead instrument

text: a solo lead instrument

question: What carries the backbeat in hard rock drumming?

answer: snare

text: snare

question: What instrument works in tandem with the drums to provide hard rock rhythms?

answer: The bass guitar

text: The bass guitar

question: What instrument is often used in soft rock music?

text: The electric guitar

question: What is played to keep the music from becoming repetitive?

text: rhythm instrument

question: Which bass drum is used to drive rhythms?

text: snare

question: What instrument is used without the drums for hard rock rhythms?

text: bass guitar

question: What do the vocals of rock songs try to avoid?

text: screaming or wailing


text: Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons).

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: Interspersed

text: repeats

text: mainly

text: come

text: from

text: transposable

text: elements

text: TEs

text: but

text: they

text: also

text: include

text: some

text: protein

text: coding

text: gene

text: families

text: and

text: pseudogenes

text: Transposable

text: elements

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: integrate

text: into

text: the

text: genome

text: at

text: another

text: site

text: within

text: the

text: cell

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: TEs

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: driving

text: force

text: on

text: genome

text: evolution

text: of

text: higher

text: eukaryotes

text: TEs

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: into

text: two

text: categories

text: Class

text: retrotransposons

text: and

text: Class

text: DNA

text: transposons

question: What is the main source of interspersed repeats?

answer: Transposable elements

text: Transposable elements

question: What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes?

answer: genome evolution

text: genome evolution

question: What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements?

answer: retrotransposons

text: retrotransposons

question: What are the constituents of Class 2 transposable elements?

answer: DNA transposons

text: DNA transposons

question: How are pseudogenes classified?

text: into two categories

question: What two categories are pseudogenes classified into?

question: Where do cells mainly come from?

text: transposable elements

question: What do cells also include?

question: What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell?


text: Avignon was the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1376. With the return of the Pope to Rome in 1378, the Papal State developed into a major secular power, culminating in the morally corrupt papacy of Alexander VI. Florence grew to prominence amongst the Italian city-states through financial business, and the dominant Medici family became important promoters of the Renaissance through their patronage of the arts. Other city states in northern Italy also expanded their territories and consolidated their power, primarily Milan and Venice. The War of the Sicilian Vespers had by the early 14th century divided southern Italy into an Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples. In 1442, the two kingdoms were effectively united under Aragonese control.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Avignon

text: was

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: papacy

text: from

text: to

text: With

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: to

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: Papal

text: State

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: major

text: secular

text: power

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: morally

text: corrupt

text: papacy

text: of

text: Alexander

text: VI

text: Florence

text: grew

text: to

text: prominence

text: amongst

text: the

text: Italian

text: city

text: states

text: through

text: financial

text: business

text: and

text: the

text: dominant

text: Medici

text: family

text: became

text: important

text: promoters

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: through

text: their

text: patronage

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: Other

text: city

text: states

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: also

text: expanded

text: their

text: territories

text: and

text: consolidated

text: their

text: power

text: primarily

text: Milan

text: and

text: Venice

text: The

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: Vespers

text: had

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: divided

text: southern

text: Italy

text: into

text: an

text: Aragon

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sicily

text: and

text: an

text: Anjou

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Naples

text: In

text: the

text: two

text: kingdoms

text: were

text: effectively

text: united

text: under

text: Aragonese

text: control

question: What city was the seat of the papacy for most of the 14th century?

answer: Avignon

text: Avignon

question: In what year did the papacy return to Rome?

answer: 1378

question: What 14th century conflict resulted in the division of southern Italy into two kingdoms?

answer: The War of the Sicilian Vespers

text: The War of the Sicilian Vespers

question: What were the names of the two kingdoms into which southern Italy was divided?

answer: Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples

text: Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples

question: In what year were the two southern Italian kingdoms re-united?

answer: 1442

question: What city was the seat of the papacy for most of the 13th century?

text: Avignon

question: In what year didn't the papacy return to Rome?

question: What 13th century conflict resulted in the division of southern Italy into two kingdoms?

text: The War of the Sicilian Vespers

question: What were the names of the two kingdoms into which northern Italy was divided?

question: In what year were the two southern Italian kingdoms separated?


text: The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of cantilever architecture. The Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: Queensboro

text: Bridge

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: piece

text: of

text: cantilever

text: architecture

text: The

text: Manhattan

text: Bridge

text: Throgs

text: Neck

text: Bridge

text: Triborough

text: Bridge

text: and

text: Verrazano

text: Narrows

text: Bridge

text: are

text: all

text: examples

text: of

text: Structural

text: Expressionism

question: What architectural style does the Throgs Neck Bridge reflect?

answer: Structural Expressionism

text: Structural Expressionism

question: The Queensboro Bridge utilized what type of construction?

answer: cantilever

text: cantilever


text: Many crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or "corn", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, butternut squash), the pinto bean, Phaseolus beans including most common beans, tepary beans and lima beans, tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, peanuts, cocoa beans (used to make chocolate), vanilla, strawberries, pineapples, Peppers (species and varieties of Capsicum, including bell peppers, jalapeños, paprika and chili peppers) sunflower seeds, rubber, brazilwood, chicle, tobacco, coca, manioc and some species of cotton.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Many

text: crops

text: first

text: domesticated

text: by

text: indigenous

text: Americans

text: are

text: now

text: produced

text: and

text: used

text: globally

text: Chief

text: among

text: these

text: is

text: maize

text: or

text: corn

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: crop

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Other

text: significant

text: crops

text: include

text: cassava

text: chia

text: squash

text: pumpkins

text: zucchini

text: marrow

text: acorn

text: squash

text: butternut

text: squash

text: the

text: pinto

text: bean

text: Phaseolus

text: beans

text: including

text: most

text: common

text: beans

text: tepary

text: beans

text: and

text: lima

text: beans

text: tomatoes

text: potatoes

text: avocados

text: peanuts

text: cocoa

text: beans

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: chocolate

text: vanilla

text: strawberries

text: pineapples

text: Peppers

text: species

text: and

text: varieties

text: of

text: Capsicum

text: including

text: bell

text: peppers

text: jalapeños

text: paprika

text: and

text: chili

text: peppers

text: sunflower

text: seeds

text: rubber

text: brazilwood

text: chicle

text: tobacco

text: coca

text: manioc

text: and

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: cotton

question: What global industry owes its existence to having been domesticated by indigenous Americans?

answer: Many crops

text: Many crops

question: What is arguably the most important crop in the world?

answer: corn

text: corn

question: Squash, beans, and peppers are all examples of what type of crop?

answer: significant

text: significant

question: What type of bean is used to make chocolate?

answer: cocoa

text: cocoa

question: Who do we owe gratitude for even some species of cotton to?

answer: indigenous Americans

text: indigenous Americans


text: Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Secretary of State Colin Powell and other U.S. administration officials met with Musharraf. On 19 September 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate. In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S., and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: Following

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: former

text: President

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: Pervez

text: Musharraf

text: sided

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: against

text: the

text: Taliban

text: government

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: after

text: an

text: ultimatum

text: by

text: then

text: U.S.

text: President

text: George

text: W.

text: Bush

text: Musharraf

text: agreed

text: to

text: give

text: the

text: U.S.

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: three

text: airbases

text: for

text: Operation

text: Enduring

text: Freedom

text: United

text: States

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Colin

text: Powell

text: and

text: other

text: U.S.

text: administration

text: officials

text: met

text: with

text: Musharraf

text: On

text: September

text: Musharraf

text: addressed

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: stated

text: that

text: while

text: he

text: opposed

text: military

text: tactics

text: against

text: the

text: Taliban

text: Pakistan

text: risked

text: being

text: endangered

text: by

text: an

text: alliance

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: if

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: cooperate

text: In

text: Musharraf

text: testified

text: that

text: this

text: stance

text: was

text: pressured

text: by

text: threats

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: revealed

text: in

text: his

text: memoirs

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: war

text: gamed

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: an

text: adversary

text: and

text: decided

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: end

text: in

text: a

text: loss

text: for

text: Pakistan

question: Which Pakistan president supported the US attacking the Taliban?

answer: Pervez Musharraf

text: Pervez Musharraf

question: How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use?

answer: three

text: three

question: What was the name of the US's Afghanistan operation?

answer: Operation Enduring Freedom

text: Operation Enduring Freedom

question: Who was the US Secretary of State in 2001?

answer: Colin Powell

text: Colin Powell

question: Who said he had 'war-gamed' the US?

answer: Musharraf

text: Musharraf

question: Which former president sided with the Taliban?

text: Pervez Musharraf

question: How many airbases did the Taliban receive?

text: three

question: Who was the current president of Afghanistan?

text: George W. Bush

question: What did Colin Powell testify in 2006?

question: Who was at risk in an alliance between the US and Pakistan?

text: India


text: The act of using Church of Scientology techniques in a form different than originally described by Hubbard is referred to within Scientology as "squirreling" and is said by Scientologists to be high treason. The Religious Technology Center has prosecuted breakaway groups that have practiced Scientology outside the official Church without authorization.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: The

text: act

text: of

text: using

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: techniques

text: in

text: a

text: form

text: different

text: than

text: originally

text: described

text: by

text: Hubbard

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: within

text: Scientology

text: as

text: squirreling

text: and

text: is

text: said

text: by

text: Scientologists

text: to

text: be

text: high

text: treason

text: The

text: Religious

text: Technology

text: Center

text: has

text: prosecuted

text: breakaway

text: groups

text: that

text: have

text: practiced

text: Scientology

text: outside

text: the

text: official

text: Church

text: without

text: authorization

question: What term is used for the act of using Church of Scientology techniques in contrast to what Hubbard envisioned?

answer: squirreling

text: squirreling

question: What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission?

answer: The Religious Technology Center

text: The Religious Technology Center

question: Who reformed Scientology making splinter groups heretical?

text: Hubbard

question: Who accuses the Curch of Scientology of squirrelling?

text: breakaway groups

question: What organization has started several breakaway groups?

text: The Religious Technology Center


text: In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: In

text: a

text: June

text: speech

text: President

text: and

text: CEO

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: Bank

text: Timothy

text: Geithner

text: who

text: in

text: became

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Treasury

text: placed

text: significant

text: blame

text: for

text: the

text: freezing

text: of

text: credit

text: markets

text: on

text: a

text: run

text: on

text: the

text: entities

text: in

text: the

text: parallel

text: banking

text: system

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: shadow

text: banking

text: system

text: These

text: entities

text: became

text: critical

text: to

text: the

text: credit

text: markets

text: underpinning

text: the

text: financial

text: system

text: but

text: were

text: not

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: regulatory

text: controls

text: Further

text: these

text: entities

text: were

text: vulnerable

text: because

text: of

text: maturity

text: mismatch

text: meaning

text: that

text: they

text: borrowed

text: short

text: term

text: in

text: liquid

text: markets

text: to

text: purchase

text: long

text: term

text: illiquid

text: and

text: risky

text: assets

text: This

text: meant

text: that

text: disruptions

text: in

text: credit

text: markets

text: would

text: make

text: them

text: subject

text: to

text: rapid

text: deleveraging

text: selling

text: their

text: long

text: term

text: assets

text: at

text: depressed

text: prices

text: He

text: described

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: these

text: entities

question: Who was President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank in June 2008?

answer: Timothy Geithner

text: Timothy Geithner

question: What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary?

answer: 2009

question: In a June 2008 speech, Timoty Geithner placed blame for credit market freezing on which system?

answer: "parallel" banking system

text: "parallel" banking system

question: What is the "parallel" banking system also called?

answer: shadow banking system

text: shadow banking system

question: What is the term defined as being vulnerable by borrowing short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term illiquid and risky assets?

answer: maturity mismatch

text: maturity mismatch


text: Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fractal compression, matching pursuit and the use of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products (except for the use of wavelet coding as still-image coders without motion compensation). Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Today

text: nearly

text: all

text: commonly

text: used

text: video

text: compression

text: methods

text: e.g.

text: those

text: in

text: standards

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: ITU

text: T

text: or

text: ISO

text: apply

text: a

text: discrete

text: cosine

text: transform

text: DCT

text: for

text: spatial

text: redundancy

text: reduction

text: The

text: DCT

text: that

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: N.

text: Ahmed

text: T.

text: Natarajan

text: and

text: K.

text: R.

text: Rao

text: in

text: Other

text: methods

text: such

text: as

text: fractal

text: compression

text: matching

text: pursuit

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: discrete

text: wavelet

text: transform

text: DWT

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: some

text: research

text: but

text: are

text: typically

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: practical

text: products

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: wavelet

text: coding

text: as

text: still

text: image

text: coders

text: without

text: motion

text: compensation

text: Interest

text: in

text: fractal

text: compression

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: waning

text: due

text: to

text: recent

text: theoretical

text: analysis

text: showing

text: a

text: comparative

text: lack

text: of

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: such

text: methods

question: What do all commonly used video compression methods use?

answer: discrete cosine transform

text: discrete cosine transform

question: What does a DCT do?

answer: spatial redundancy reduction

text: spatial redundancy reduction

question: What is not used in practical products?

answer: fractal compression

text: fractal compression

question: What do all commonly used fractals use?

text: discrete cosine transform

question: What is not used in DWT?

text: spatial redundancy reduction

question: What does a wavelet do?

text: fractal compression

question: Who approves still-image coders?

text: ITU-T or ISO

question: Who introduced redundancy reduction in 1974?

text: N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao


text: Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Solar

text: radiation

text: is

text: absorbed

text: by

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: land

text: surface

text: oceans

text: which

text: cover

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: globe

text: and

text: atmosphere

text: Warm

text: air

text: containing

text: evaporated

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: oceans

text: rises

text: causing

text: atmospheric

text: circulation

text: or

text: convection

text: When

text: the

text: air

text: reaches

text: a

text: high

text: altitude

text: where

text: the

text: temperature

text: is

text: low

text: water

text: vapor

text: condenses

text: into

text: clouds

text: which

text: rain

text: onto

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: completing

text: the

text: water

text: cycle

text: The

text: latent

text: heat

text: of

text: water

text: condensation

text: amplifies

text: convection

text: producing

text: atmospheric

text: phenomena

text: such

text: as

text: wind

text: cyclones

text: and

text: anti

text: cyclones

text: Sunlight

text: absorbed

text: by

text: the

text: oceans

text: and

text: land

text: masses

text: keeps

text: the

text: surface

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: temperature

text: of

text: C

text: By

text: photosynthesis

text: green

text: plants

text: convert

text: solar

text: energy

text: into

text: chemically

text: stored

text: energy

text: which

text: produces

text: food

text: wood

text: and

text: the

text: biomass

text: from

text: which

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: are

text: derived

question: The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe?

answer: 71

question: What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius?

answer: 14

question: What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy?

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

question: How much of the earth is covered by oceans?

answer: about 71%

text: about 71%

question: What is the cause of atmospheric circulation?

answer: Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises

text: Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises

question: How does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds?

answer: When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds

text: When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds

question: What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones?

answer: The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection

text: The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection

question: What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called?

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis


text: With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: With

text: third

text: parties

text: like

text: Namco

text: Square

text: Enix

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: Sega

text: and

text: Hudson

text: Soft

text: all

text: making

text: games

text: for

text: the

text: iPod

text: Apple

text: 's

text: player

text: has

text: taken

text: steps

text: towards

text: entering

text: the

text: video

text: game

text: handheld

text: console

text: market

text: Even

text: video

text: game

text: magazines

text: like

text: GamePro

text: and

text: EGM

text: have

text: reviewed

text: and

text: rated

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: games

text: as

text: of

text: late

question: What are the names of companies producing video games for Apple's MP3 player?

answer: Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft

text: Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft

question: What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod?

answer: video game handheld console market

text: video game handheld console market

question: What two publications have covered iPod games?

answer: GamePro and EGM

text: GamePro and EGM