text: There is active research to make computers out of many promising new types of technology, such as optical computers, DNA computers, neural computers, and quantum computers. Most computers are universal, and are able to calculate any computable function, and are limited only by their memory capacity and operating speed. However different designs of computers can give very different performance for particular problems; for example quantum computers can potentially break some modern encryption algorithms (by quantum factoring) very quickly.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: There

text: is

text: active

text: research

text: to

text: make

text: computers

text: out

text: of

text: many

text: promising

text: new

text: types

text: of

text: technology

text: such

text: as

text: optical

text: computers

text: DNA

text: computers

text: neural

text: computers

text: and

text: quantum

text: computers

text: Most

text: computers

text: are

text: universal

text: and

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: calculate

text: any

text: computable

text: function

text: and

text: are

text: limited

text: only

text: by

text: their

text: memory

text: capacity

text: and

text: operating

text: speed

text: However

text: different

text: designs

text: of

text: computers

text: can

text: give

text: very

text: different

text: performance

text: for

text: particular

text: problems

text: for

text: example

text: quantum

text: computers

text: can

text: potentially

text: break

text: some

text: modern

text: encryption

text: algorithms

text: by

text: quantum

text: factoring

text: very

text: quickly

question: What type of computer can break encryption algorithms quickly?

answer: quantum computers

text: quantum computers

question: By what method do quantum computers solve encryption algorithms quickly?

answer: quantum factoring

text: quantum factoring


text: During the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period. Cyprus occupies an important role in Greek mythology being the birthplace of Aphrodite and Adonis, and home to King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion. Beginning in the 8th century BC Phoenician colonies were founded on the south coast of Cyprus, near present-day Larnaca and Salamis.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: the

text: island

text: experienced

text: two

text: waves

text: of

text: Greek

text: settlement

text: The

text: first

text: wave

text: consisted

text: of

text: Mycenaean

text: Greek

text: traders

text: who

text: started

text: visiting

text: Cyprus

text: around

text: BC

text: A

text: major

text: wave

text: of

text: Greek

text: settlement

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: taken

text: place

text: following

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: of

text: Mycenaean

text: Greece

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: with

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: predominantly

text: Greek

text: character

text: dating

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: Cyprus

text: occupies

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: being

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: Aphrodite

text: and

text: Adonis

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: King

text: Cinyras

text: Teucer

text: and

text: Pygmalion

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Phoenician

text: colonies

text: were

text: founded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: near

text: present

text: day

text: Larnaca

text: and

text: Salamis

question: During what Age did Cyprus experience two waves of Greek settlement?

answer: late Bronze Age

text: late Bronze Age

question: Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of?

answer: Mycenaean Greek traders

text: Mycenaean Greek traders

question: What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus?

answer: 1400 BC

text: 1400 BC

question: Cyprus is the birthplace of what two Greek mythological figures?

answer: Aphrodite and Adonis

text: Aphrodite and Adonis

question: Cyprus is home to which Greek mythological figures?

answer: King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion

text: King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion


text: Before the formation of the Third Coalition, Napoleon had assembled an invasion force, the Armée d'Angleterre, around six camps at Boulogne in Northern France. He intended to use this invasion force to strike at England. They never invaded, but Napoleon's troops received careful and invaluable training for future military operations. The men at Boulogne formed the core for what Napoleon later called La Grande Armée. At the start, this French army had about 200,000 men organized into seven corps, which were large field units that contained 36 to 40 cannons each and were capable of independent action until other corps could come to the rescue. A single corps properly situated in a strong defensive position could survive at least a day without support, giving the Grande Armée countless strategic and tactical options on every campaign. On top of these forces, Napoleon created a cavalry reserve of 22,000 organized into two cuirassier divisions, four mounted dragoon divisions, one division of dismounted dragoons, and one of light cavalry, all supported by 24 artillery pieces. By 1805, the Grande Armée had grown to a force of 350,000 men, who were well equipped, well trained, and led by competent officers.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Before

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Coalition

text: Napoleon

text: had

text: assembled

text: an

text: invasion

text: force

text: the

text: Armée

text: d'Angleterre

text: around

text: six

text: camps

text: at

text: Boulogne

text: in

text: Northern

text: France

text: He

text: intended

text: to

text: use

text: this

text: invasion

text: force

text: to

text: strike

text: at

text: England

text: They

text: never

text: invaded

text: but

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: troops

text: received

text: careful

text: and

text: invaluable

text: training

text: for

text: future

text: military

text: operations

text: The

text: men

text: at

text: Boulogne

text: formed

text: the

text: core

text: for

text: what

text: Napoleon

text: later

text: called

text: La

text: Grande

text: Armée

text: At

text: the

text: start

text: this

text: French

text: army

text: had

text: about

text: men

text: organized

text: into

text: seven

text: corps

text: which

text: were

text: large

text: field

text: units

text: that

text: contained

text: to

text: cannons

text: each

text: and

text: were

text: capable

text: of

text: independent

text: action

text: until

text: other

text: corps

text: could

text: come

text: to

text: the

text: rescue

text: A

text: single

text: corps

text: properly

text: situated

text: in

text: a

text: strong

text: defensive

text: position

text: could

text: survive

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: day

text: without

text: support

text: giving

text: the

text: Grande

text: Armée

text: countless

text: strategic

text: and

text: tactical

text: options

text: on

text: every

text: campaign

text: On

text: top

text: of

text: these

text: forces

text: Napoleon

text: created

text: a

text: cavalry

text: reserve

text: of

text: organized

text: into

text: two

text: cuirassier

text: divisions

text: four

text: mounted

text: dragoon

text: divisions

text: one

text: division

text: of

text: dismounted

text: dragoons

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: light

text: cavalry

text: all

text: supported

text: by

text: artillery

text: pieces

text: By

text: the

text: Grande

text: Armée

text: had

text: grown

text: to

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: men

text: who

text: were

text: well

text: equipped

text: well

text: trained

text: and

text: led

text: by

text: competent

text: officers

question: What was the name of the invasion force Napoleon assembled before the creation of the Third Coalition?

answer: the Armée d'Angleterre

text: the Armée d'Angleterre

question: Where in Northern France were the camps of the Armée d'Angleterre located?

answer: Boulogne

text: Boulogne

question: What country was the Armée d'Angleterre intended to strike at?

answer: England

text: England

question: What was the name of the later military organization that the Armée d'Angleterre formed the foundation of?

answer: La Grande Armée.

text: La Grande Armée.

question: How many men were in the Grande Armée by 1805?

answer: 350,000


text: With his third album, Graduation (2007), West moved away from the sound of his previous releases and towards a more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape. The musical evolution arose from him listening to music genres encompassing European Britpop and Euro-disco, American alternative and indie-rock, and his native Chicago house. Towards this end, West retracted much of the live instrumentation that characterized his previous album and replaced it with heavy, gothic synthesizers, distorted synth-chords, rave stabs, house beats, electro-disco rhythms, and a wide array of modulated electronic noises and digital audio-effects. In addition, West drew musical inspiration from arena rock bands such as The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in terms of melody and chord progression.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: With

text: his

text: third

text: album

text: Graduation

text: West

text: moved

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: sound

text: of

text: his

text: previous

text: releases

text: and

text: towards

text: a

text: more

text: atmospheric

text: rock

text: tinged

text: electronic

text: influenced

text: soundscape

text: The

text: musical

text: evolution

text: arose

text: from

text: him

text: listening

text: to

text: music

text: genres

text: encompassing

text: European

text: Britpop

text: and

text: Euro

text: disco

text: American

text: alternative

text: and

text: indie

text: rock

text: and

text: his

text: native

text: Chicago

text: house

text: Towards

text: this

text: end

text: West

text: retracted

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: live

text: instrumentation

text: that

text: characterized

text: his

text: previous

text: album

text: and

text: replaced

text: it

text: with

text: heavy

text: gothic

text: synthesizers

text: distorted

text: synth

text: chords

text: rave

text: stabs

text: house

text: beats

text: electro

text: disco

text: rhythms

text: and

text: a

text: wide

text: array

text: of

text: modulated

text: electronic

text: noises

text: and

text: digital

text: audio

text: effects

text: In

text: addition

text: West

text: drew

text: musical

text: inspiration

text: from

text: arena

text: rock

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Rolling

text: Stones

text: and

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: melody

text: and

text: chord

text: progression

question: What was the name of Kanye's third record?

answer: Graduation

text: Graduation

question: What musical direction did Kanye take with his third album?

answer: more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape

text: more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape

question: Kanye drew inspiration from The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in what ways?

answer: melody and chord progression

text: melody and chord progression

question: What year was Kanye West's third album released?

answer: 2007


text: With successive Persian rule, the region, divided between Syria-Coele province and later the autonomous Yehud Medinata, was gradually developing back into urban society, largely dominated by Judeans. The Greek conquests largely skipped the region without any resistance or interest. Incorporated into Ptolemaic and finally Seleucid Empires, the southern Levant was heavily hellenized, building the tensions between Judeans and Greeks. The conflict erupted in 167 BCE with the Maccabean Revolt, which succeeded in establishing an independent Hasmonean Kingdom in Judah, which later expanded over much of modern Israel, as the Seleucids gradually lost control in the region.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: With

text: successive

text: Persian

text: rule

text: the

text: region

text: divided

text: between

text: Syria

text: Coele

text: province

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: autonomous

text: Yehud

text: Medinata

text: was

text: gradually

text: developing

text: back

text: into

text: urban

text: society

text: largely

text: dominated

text: by

text: Judeans

text: The

text: Greek

text: conquests

text: largely

text: skipped

text: the

text: region

text: without

text: any

text: resistance

text: or

text: interest

text: Incorporated

text: into

text: Ptolemaic

text: and

text: finally

text: Seleucid

text: Empires

text: the

text: southern

text: Levant

text: was

text: heavily

text: hellenized

text: building

text: the

text: tensions

text: between

text: Judeans

text: and

text: Greeks

text: The

text: conflict

text: erupted

text: in

text: BCE

text: with

text: the

text: Maccabean

text: Revolt

text: which

text: succeeded

text: in

text: establishing

text: an

text: independent

text: Hasmonean

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: Judah

text: which

text: later

text: expanded

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: modern

text: Israel

text: as

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: gradually

text: lost

text: control

text: in

text: the

text: region

question: When did the conflict between Judeans and Greeks erupt?

answer: 167 BCE

text: 167 BCE

question: What was established in the Maccabean Revolt?

answer: Hasmonean Kingdom

text: Hasmonean Kingdom

question: Who dominated the society?

answer: Judeans

text: Judeans


text: If a heavy piece of pine is compared with a lightweight piece it will be seen at once that the heavier one contains a larger proportion of latewood than the other, and is therefore showing more clearly demarcated growth rings. In white pines there is not much contrast between the different parts of the ring, and as a result the wood is very uniform in texture and is easy to work. In hard pines, on the other hand, the latewood is very dense and is deep-colored, presenting a very decided contrast to the soft, straw-colored earlywood.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: If

text: a

text: heavy

text: piece

text: of

text: pine

text: is

text: compared

text: with

text: a

text: lightweight

text: piece

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: seen

text: at

text: once

text: that

text: the

text: heavier

text: one

text: contains

text: a

text: larger

text: proportion

text: of

text: latewood

text: than

text: the

text: other

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: showing

text: more

text: clearly

text: demarcated

text: growth

text: rings

text: In

text: white

text: pines

text: there

text: is

text: not

text: much

text: contrast

text: between

text: the

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: wood

text: is

text: very

text: uniform

text: in

text: texture

text: and

text: is

text: easy

text: to

text: work

text: In

text: hard

text: pines

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: latewood

text: is

text: very

text: dense

text: and

text: is

text: deep

text: colored

text: presenting

text: a

text: very

text: decided

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: soft

text: straw

text: colored

text: earlywood

question: Comparing a heavy and a lightweight piece of wood from a pine, which would have a greater proportion of latewood?

answer: heavy

text: heavy

question: What feature of a piece of pine with more latewood would be more clear and pronounced?

answer: growth rings

text: growth rings

question: What type of tree has very little contrast between parts of its growth rings?

answer: white pines

text: white pines

question: Is white pine easy or difficult to work with because of its texture?

answer: easy

text: easy

question: What kind of pines have very deep, darkly colored hardwood that stands out against the light earlywood?

answer: hard pines

text: hard pines


text: According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Centre

text: for

text: Law

text: and

text: Democracy

text: CLD

text: and

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: United

text: Nations

text: Information

text: Support

text: Team

text: IST

text: Somalia

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: systemic

text: internet

text: blocking

text: or

text: filtering

text: as

text: of

text: December

text: The

text: application

text: of

text: content

text: standards

text: online

text: was

text: also

text: unclear

question: What is the IST?

answer: Information Support Team

text: Information Support Team

question: As of December 2012, Somalia did not have systematic what?

answer: internet blocking or filtering

text: internet blocking or filtering

question: What internet standards were also unlear as of December, 2012?

answer: content standards online

text: content standards online

question: When did Somalia begin internet filtering?

text: December 2012

question: Who wrote Somalia's content standards?

question: What type of internet blocking did Somalia use?

text: systemic

question: When did the IST apply content standards to Somalia?

text: December 2012

question: When did Somalia stop filtering the internet?


text: Though situated in a remote part of the country, Himachal Pradesh has an active community of journalists and publishers. Several newspapers and magazines are published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states. Radio and TV have permeated significantly. Judging by the number of people writing to these media, there is a very large media-aware population in the state. All major English daily newspapers are available in Shimla and district headquarters. Aapka Faisla, Amar Ujala, Panjab Kesari, Divya Himachal are Hindi daily newspaper with local editions are read widely.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Though

text: situated

text: in

text: a

text: remote

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: has

text: an

text: active

text: community

text: of

text: journalists

text: and

text: publishers

text: Several

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: are

text: published

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: language

text: and

text: their

text: reach

text: extends

text: to

text: almost

text: all

text: the

text: Hindi

text: speaking

text: states

text: Radio

text: and

text: TV

text: have

text: permeated

text: significantly

text: Judging

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: writing

text: to

text: these

text: media

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: large

text: media

text: aware

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: All

text: major

text: English

text: daily

text: newspapers

text: are

text: available

text: in

text: Shimla

text: and

text: district

text: headquarters

text: Aapka

text: Faisla

text: Amar

text: Ujala

text: Panjab

text: Kesari

text: Divya

text: Himachal

text: are

text: Hindi

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: with

text: local

text: editions

text: are

text: read

text: widely

question: Who has an active community of journalists and publishers?

answer: Himachal Pradesh

text: Himachal Pradesh

question: What are the newspapers famous for?

answer: published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states

text: published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states

question: What is available in Shimla and district headquarters?

answer: All major English daily newspapers

text: All major English daily newspapers

question: What are the newspapers that are in Hindi and read widely?

answer: Aapka Faisla, Amar Ujala, Panjab Kesari, Divya Himachal

text: Aapka Faisla, Amar Ujala, Panjab Kesari, Divya Himachal

question: What has grown significantly?

answer: Radio and TV

text: Radio and TV

question: What has an active community that reads the Ujala daily newspaper?

text: Himachal Pradesh

question: What are Divya's accomplishments?

question: What is available in Faisla and Aapka?

text: All major English daily newspapers

question: What has grown in a remote part of the country?

text: Radio and TV

question: What are the names of newspapers read widely in English?


text: According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought off defeat in the first 300–350 years of Spanish rule during the Arauco War. Relations with the new Chilean Republic were good until the Chilean state decided to occupy their lands. During the Occupation of Araucanía the Mapuche surrendered to the country's army in the 1880s. Their land was opened to settlement by Chileans and Europeans. Conflict over Mapuche land rights continues to the present.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: of

text: the

text: Chilean

text: population

text: including

text: the

text: Rapanui

text: a

text: Polynesian

text: people

text: of

text: Easter

text: Island

text: was

text: indigenous

text: although

text: most

text: show

text: varying

text: degrees

text: of

text: mixed

text: heritage

text: Many

text: are

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: Mapuche

text: and

text: live

text: in

text: Santiago

text: Araucanía

text: and

text: the

text: lake

text: district

text: The

text: Mapuche

text: successfully

text: fought

text: off

text: defeat

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: Spanish

text: rule

text: during

text: the

text: Arauco

text: War

text: Relations

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: Chilean

text: Republic

text: were

text: good

text: until

text: the

text: Chilean

text: state

text: decided

text: to

text: occupy

text: their

text: lands

text: During

text: the

text: Occupation

text: of

text: Araucanía

text: the

text: Mapuche

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: army

text: in

text: the

text: Their

text: land

text: was

text: opened

text: to

text: settlement

text: by

text: Chileans

text: and

text: Europeans

text: Conflict

text: over

text: Mapuche

text: land

text: rights

text: continues

text: to

text: the

text: present

question: What percent of the Chilean population were indigenous according to the 2002 census?

answer: 4.6%

question: What is the name for the Polynesian people living on Easter Island?

answer: the Rapanui

text: the Rapanui

question: Who are many of the people of Chile the descendants of?

answer: the Mapuche

text: the Mapuche

question: How long were the Mapuche able to fight off the Spaniards?

answer: 350 years

text: 350 years

question: When did the Mapuche surrender to the Chilean army?

answer: 1880s


text: Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: Varmint

text: hunting

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: phrase

text: for

text: the

text: selective

text: killing

text: of

text: non

text: game

text: animals

text: seen

text: as

text: pests

text: While

text: not

text: always

text: an

text: efficient

text: form

text: of

text: pest

text: control

text: varmint

text: hunting

text: achieves

text: selective

text: control

text: of

text: pests

text: while

text: providing

text: recreation

text: and

text: is

text: much

text: less

text: regulated

text: Varmint

text: species

text: are

text: often

text: responsible

text: for

text: detrimental

text: effects

text: on

text: crops

text: livestock

text: landscaping

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: pets

text: Some

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: wild

text: rabbits

text: or

text: squirrels

text: may

text: be

text: utilised

text: for

text: fur

text: or

text: meat

text: but

text: often

text: no

text: use

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: the

text: carcass

text: Which

text: species

text: are

text: varmints

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: circumstance

text: and

text: area

text: Common

text: varmints

text: may

text: include

text: various

text: rodents

text: coyotes

text: crows

text: foxes

text: feral

text: cats

text: and

text: feral

text: hogs

text: Some

text: animals

text: once

text: considered

text: varmints

text: are

text: now

text: protected

text: such

text: as

text: wolves

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: state

text: of

text: Louisiana

text: a

text: non

text: native

text: rodent

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: nutria

text: has

text: become

text: so

text: destructive

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: ecosystem

text: that

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: initiated

text: a

text: bounty

text: program

text: to

text: help

text: control

text: the

text: population

question: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for?

answer: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests

text: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests

question: What does varmint hunting achieve?

answer: selective control of pests

text: selective control of pests

question: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?

answer: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.

text: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.

question: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?

answer: Louisiana

text: Louisiana

question: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?

answer: initiated a bounty program

text: initiated a bounty program

question: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.

answer: Varmint hunting

text: Varmint hunting

question: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?

answer: wolves

text: wolves

question: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?

answer: nutria

text: nutria

question: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?

answer: bounty program

text: bounty program

question: What has the state of Louisiana created to control the population of wild rabbits?

text: a bounty program

question: What were crows once categorized as but are not longer considered to be?

text: varmints

question: What are nutria often used for when hunted?

text: fur or meat

question: What does having livestock cause detrimental effects on when you own a farm?

text: crops

question: What does having livestock help achieve the control of?

text: pests


text: Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts. The first is a brief audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors which may include one of the show's producers. Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions. Successful contestants then sing in front of producers, where more may be cut. Only then can they proceed to audition in front of the judges, which is the only audition stage shown on television. Those selected by the judges are sent to Hollywood. Between 10–60 people in each city may make it to Hollywood[citation needed].

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Contestants

text: go

text: through

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: sets

text: of

text: cuts

text: The

text: first

text: is

text: a

text: brief

text: audition

text: with

text: a

text: few

text: other

text: contestants

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: selectors

text: which

text: may

text: include

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: producers

text: Although

text: auditions

text: can

text: exceed

text: in

text: each

text: city

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: of

text: these

text: make

text: it

text: past

text: the

text: preliminary

text: round

text: of

text: auditions

text: Successful

text: contestants

text: then

text: sing

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: producers

text: where

text: more

text: may

text: be

text: cut

text: Only

text: then

text: can

text: they

text: proceed

text: to

text: audition

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: judges

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: audition

text: stage

text: shown

text: on

text: television

text: Those

text: selected

text: by

text: the

text: judges

text: are

text: sent

text: to

text: Hollywood

text: Between

text: people

text: in

text: each

text: city

text: may

text: make

text: it

text: to

text: Hollywood[citation

text: needed

question: How many auditions are there before contestants audition for the judges?

answer: at least three

text: at least three

question: Which audition stage is televised?

answer: the judges

text: the judges

question: How many contestants make it through the initial auditions in each city?

answer: a few hundred

text: a few hundred

question: What is the only televised portion of the preliminary audition rounds?

answer: in front of the judges

text: in front of the judges

question: How many rounds can a contestant make it through before Hollywood?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who do contestants sing for in the second round of cuts during auditions?

answer: producers

text: producers

question: If contestants get approval from the judges, where do they go next?

answer: Hollywood

text: Hollywood


text: Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin. Norse borrowings are relatively rare in Old English literature, being mostly terms relating to government and administration. The literary standard, however, was based on the West Saxon dialect, away from the main area of Scandinavian influence; the impact of Norse may have been greater in the eastern and northern dialects. Certainly in Middle English texts, which are more often based on eastern dialects, a strong Norse influence becomes apparent. Modern English contains a great many, often everyday, words that were borrowed from Old Norse, and the grammatical simplification that occurred after the Old English period is also often attributed to Norse influence.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: Another

text: source

text: of

text: loanwords

text: was

text: Old

text: Norse

text: which

text: came

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: Old

text: English

text: via

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: rulers

text: and

text: settlers

text: in

text: the

text: Danelaw

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Cnut

text: and

text: other

text: Danish

text: kings

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Many

text: place

text: names

text: in

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: England

text: are

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: origin

text: Norse

text: borrowings

text: are

text: relatively

text: rare

text: in

text: Old

text: English

text: literature

text: being

text: mostly

text: terms

text: relating

text: to

text: government

text: and

text: administration

text: The

text: literary

text: standard

text: however

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: West

text: Saxon

text: dialect

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: main

text: area

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: influence

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: Norse

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: greater

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: dialects

text: Certainly

text: in

text: Middle

text: English

text: texts

text: which

text: are

text: more

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: eastern

text: dialects

text: a

text: strong

text: Norse

text: influence

text: becomes

text: apparent

text: Modern

text: English

text: contains

text: a

text: great

text: many

text: often

text: everyday

text: words

text: that

text: were

text: borrowed

text: from

text: Old

text: Norse

text: and

text: the

text: grammatical

text: simplification

text: that

text: occurred

text: after

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: often

text: attributed

text: to

text: Norse

text: influence

question: During what century did Cnut rule?

answer: 11th

question: What was Cnut's nationality?

answer: Danish

text: Danish

question: During what century did Scandinavians begin to settle in England?

answer: 9th

question: What language was a source for English loanwords that are still used today?

answer: Old Norse

text: Old Norse

question: Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin?

answer: northern

text: northern

question: How did the Norse borrow words from Old English?

question: Who influenced the English language starting in the 900's?

text: Scandinavian rulers and settlers

question: Who ruled in the 1100's?

text: Cnut and other Danish kings

question: What led to more complicated grammar after the Old English period?

text: Norse influence


text: During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their concerns and send them to his deputy. The deputy would ascertain his verdict, endorse it with his seal and signature and return it to the relevant parties. The deputies also collected zakat and khums on his behalf.

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)

title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine

text: During

text: the

text: Minor

text: Occultation

text: Ghaybat

text: al

text: Sughrá

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: al

text: Mahdi

text: maintained

text: contact

text: with

text: his

text: followers

text: via

text: deputies

text: Arab

text: an

text: nuwāb

text: al

text: arbaʻa

text: or

text: the

text: Four

text: Leaders

text: They

text: represented

text: him

text: and

text: acted

text: as

text: agents

text: between

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: followers

text: Whenever

text: the

text: believers

text: faced

text: a

text: problem

text: they

text: would

text: write

text: their

text: concerns

text: and

text: send

text: them

text: to

text: his

text: deputy

text: The

text: deputy

text: would

text: ascertain

text: his

text: verdict

text: endorse

text: it

text: with

text: his

text: seal

text: and

text: signature

text: and

text: return

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: relevant

text: parties

text: The

text: deputies

text: also

text: collected

text: zakat

text: and

text: khums

text: on

text: his

text: behalf

question: How did al-Mahdi maintain contact during his Occultation?

answer: via deputies

text: via deputies

question: How did deputies represent al-Mahdi?

answer: acted as agents between him and his followers

text: acted as agents between him and his followers

question: What would believers do when they had a problem?

answer: write their concerns and send them to his deputy

text: write their concerns and send them to his deputy

question: What would the deputy endorse the concerns with?

answer: seal and signature

text: seal and signature

question: What did the deputies collect in the Imam's behalf?

answer: zakat and khums

text: zakat and khums


text: A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most were built from mercantile hulls or, in the case of merchant aircraft carriers, were bulk cargo ships with a flight deck added on top. Light aircraft carriers were carriers that were fast enough to operate with the fleet but of smaller size with reduced aircraft capacity. Soviet aircraft carriers now in use by Russia are actually called heavy aviation cruisers, these ships while sized in the range of large fleet carriers were designed to deploy alone or with escorts and provide both strong defensive weaponry and heavy offensive missiles equivalent to a guided missile cruiser in addition to supporting fighters and helicopters.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: A

text: fleet

text: carrier

text: is

text: intended

text: to

text: operate

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: fleet

text: and

text: usually

text: provides

text: an

text: offensive

text: capability

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: carriers

text: capable

text: of

text: fast

text: speeds

text: By

text: comparison

text: escort

text: carriers

text: were

text: developed

text: to

text: provide

text: defense

text: for

text: convoys

text: of

text: ships

text: They

text: were

text: smaller

text: and

text: slower

text: with

text: lower

text: numbers

text: of

text: aircraft

text: carried

text: Most

text: were

text: built

text: from

text: mercantile

text: hulls

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: merchant

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: were

text: bulk

text: cargo

text: ships

text: with

text: a

text: flight

text: deck

text: added

text: on

text: top

text: Light

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: were

text: carriers

text: that

text: were

text: fast

text: enough

text: to

text: operate

text: with

text: the

text: fleet

text: but

text: of

text: smaller

text: size

text: with

text: reduced

text: aircraft

text: capacity

text: Soviet

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: now

text: in

text: use

text: by

text: Russia

text: are

text: actually

text: called

text: heavy

text: aviation

text: cruisers

text: these

text: ships

text: while

text: sized

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: large

text: fleet

text: carriers

text: were

text: designed

text: to

text: deploy

text: alone

text: or

text: with

text: escorts

text: and

text: provide

text: both

text: strong

text: defensive

text: weaponry

text: and

text: heavy

text: offensive

text: missiles

text: equivalent

text: to

text: a

text: guided

text: missile

text: cruiser

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: supporting

text: fighters

text: and

text: helicopters

question: What type of carrier is the largest?

answer: fleet carrier

text: fleet carrier

question: What capability does a fleet carrier offer?

answer: offensive

text: offensive

question: What purpose were excort carriers developed for?

answer: to provide defense for convoys of ships

text: to provide defense for convoys of ships

question: What were most escort carriers built from?

answer: mercantile hulls

text: mercantile hulls

question: What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called?

answer: heavy aviation cruisers

text: heavy aviation cruisers

question: What type of carrier is the smallest?

text: fleet carrier

question: What capability does a fleet carrier not offer?

text: offensive

question: What purpose were export carriers developed for?

text: provide defense for convoys of ships

question: What were few escort carriers built from?

text: mercantile hulls

question: What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Germany actually called?

text: heavy aviation cruisers


text: About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). One of the most famous members of this movement was Jan Zamoyski. After his death in 1605, the movement lost its political force.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: About

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: executionist

text: movement

text: Polish

text: egzekucja

text: praw"--"execution

text: of

text: the

text: laws

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: form

text: Its

text: members

text: would

text: seek

text: to

text: curb

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: magnates

text: at

text: the

text: Sejm

text: and

text: to

text: strengthen

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: king

text: and

text: country

text: In

text: at

text: the

text: Sejm

text: in

text: Piotrków

text: they

text: would

text: force

text: the

text: magnates

text: to

text: return

text: many

text: leased

text: crown

text: lands

text: to

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: the

text: king

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: standing

text: army

text: wojsko

text: kwarciane

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: movement

text: was

text: Jan

text: Zamoyski

text: After

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: movement

text: lost

text: its

text: political

text: force

question: What was the movement called also known as execution of laws?

answer: "executionist movement

text: "executionist movement

question: What were the intentions of executionists movement?

answer: seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country

text: seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country

question: what did the Sejm in Piotrków forced the magnates to do?

answer: return many leased crown lands to the king,

text: return many leased crown lands to the king,

question: WHen did Jan Zamoyski. die?

answer: 1605

question: What happened when Jan Zamoyski died?

answer: movement lost its political force.

text: movement lost its political force.


text: Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible to enact the grandfather paradox because it is a historical fact that your grandfather was not killed before his child (your parent) was conceived. This view doesn't simply hold that history is an unchangeable constant, but that any change made by a hypothetical future time traveler would already have happened in his or her past, resulting in the reality that the traveler moves from. More elaboration on this view can be found in the Novikov self-consistency principle.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Another

text: solution

text: to

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: causality

text: based

text: temporal

text: paradoxes

text: is

text: that

text: such

text: paradoxes

text: can

text: not

text: arise

text: simply

text: because

text: they

text: have

text: not

text: arisen

text: As

text: illustrated

text: in

text: numerous

text: works

text: of

text: fiction

text: free

text: will

text: either

text: ceases

text: to

text: exist

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: or

text: the

text: outcomes

text: of

text: such

text: decisions

text: are

text: predetermined

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: possible

text: to

text: enact

text: the

text: grandfather

text: paradox

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: historical

text: fact

text: that

text: your

text: grandfather

text: was

text: not

text: killed

text: before

text: his

text: child

text: your

text: parent

text: was

text: conceived

text: This

text: view

text: does

text: n't

text: simply

text: hold

text: that

text: history

text: is

text: an

text: unchangeable

text: constant

text: but

text: that

text: any

text: change

text: made

text: by

text: a

text: hypothetical

text: future

text: time

text: traveler

text: would

text: already

text: have

text: happened

text: in

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: past

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: reality

text: that

text: the

text: traveler

text: moves

text: from

text: More

text: elaboration

text: on

text: this

text: view

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Novikov

text: self

text: consistency

text: principle

question: What is another solution to the problem of temporal paradoxes?

answer: paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen

text: paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen

question: In several works of fiction, what ceases to exist in the past which causes paradoxes not to arise?

answer: free will

text: free will

question: What paradox cannot be enacted because it is a fact that your grandfather was not killed before your parent was conceived?

answer: the grandfather paradox

text: the grandfather paradox

question: What principle elaborates more on the view described?

answer: the Novikov self-consistency principle.

text: the Novikov self-consistency principle.

question: What is a solution to the Novikov self-consistency principle?

question: What can be changed by time travelers according to Novikov?

text: history

question: What principle further elaborates on how fiction can change history?

text: Novikov self-consistency principle

question: What is the Novikov self-consistency principle considered to be?

text: an unchangeable constant

question: What paradox is formed when a person has free will?

text: the grandfather paradox

question: What is another solution to the problem of hypothetical future?

question: In several works of fiction, what ceases to exist in the past which causes decisions not to arise?

text: free will

question: What paradox cannot be enacted because it is a fact that your grandfather was not killed before your grandfather was conceived?

text: the grandfather paradox

question: What principle elaborates less on the view described?

text: the Novikov self-consistency principle

question: Why can paradoxes arise?

text: because they have not arisen


text: Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Though

text: based

text: upon

text: Mahayana

text: Tibeto

text: Mongolian

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: schools

text: that

text: practice

text: Vajrayana

text: or

text: Diamond

text: Vehicle

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Mantrayāna

text: Tantrayāna

text: Tantric

text: Buddhism

text: or

text: esoteric

text: Buddhism

text: It

text: accepts

text: all

text: the

text: basic

text: concepts

text: of

text: Mahāyāna

text: but

text: also

text: includes

text: a

text: vast

text: array

text: of

text: spiritual

text: and

text: physical

text: techniques

text: designed

text: to

text: enhance

text: Buddhist

text: practice

text: Tantric

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: largely

text: concerned

text: with

text: ritual

text: and

text: meditative

text: practices

text: One

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Vajrayāna

text: is

text: harnessing

text: psycho

text: physical

text: energy

text: through

text: ritual

text: visualization

text: physical

text: exercises

text: and

text: meditation

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: developing

text: the

text: mind

text: Using

text: these

text: techniques

text: it

text: is

text: claimed

text: that

text: a

text: practitioner

text: can

text: achieve

text: Buddhahood

text: in

text: one

text: lifetime

text: or

text: even

text: as

text: little

text: as

text: three

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: tradition

text: these

text: practices

text: can

text: include

text: sexual

text: yoga

text: though

text: only

text: for

text: some

text: very

text: advanced

text: practitioners

question: What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on?

answer: Mahayana

text: Mahayana

question: What is the English term for Vajrayana?

answer: Diamond Vehicle

text: Diamond Vehicle

question: What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices?

answer: Tantric

text: Tantric

question: Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what?

answer: ritual

text: ritual


text: A patent is a form of right granted by the government to an inventor, giving the owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, and importing an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfil three main requirements: it has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.:17

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: A

text: patent

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: right

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: to

text: an

text: inventor

text: giving

text: the

text: owner

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: exclude

text: others

text: from

text: making

text: using

text: selling

text: offering

text: to

text: sell

text: and

text: importing

text: an

text: invention

text: for

text: a

text: limited

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: disclosure

text: of

text: the

text: invention

text: An

text: invention

text: is

text: a

text: solution

text: to

text: a

text: specific

text: technological

text: problem

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: product

text: or

text: a

text: process

text: and

text: generally

text: has

text: to

text: fulfil

text: three

text: main

text: requirements

text: it

text: has

text: to

text: be

text: new

text: not

text: obvious

text: and

text: there

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: industrial

question: Who grants a patent?

answer: the government

text: the government

question: Who is a patent granted to?

answer: an inventor

text: an inventor

question: How many requirements does an invention need to fulfill for a patent?

answer: three

text: three

question: An invention is a solution to what type of problem?

answer: technological

text: technological

question: What is a patent offered in exchange for?

answer: public disclosure of the invention

text: public disclosure of the invention

question: What excludes the inventor from making using selling or offering to sell an invention?

text: A patent

question: What is kept from public disclosure in exchange for a patent?

text: the invention

question: What is a solution to an intellectual problem?

text: an invention

question: What grandson inventor exclusive use of an invention for a limited amount of time?

text: A patent

question: What needs to be new obvious and have an industrial application?

text: an invention


text: Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community" and reformulates it as "...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good."

title: Canon_law

title: Canon_law

text: Canonical

text: jurisprudential

text: theory

text: generally

text: follows

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: Aristotelian

text: Thomistic

text: legal

text: philosophy

text: While

text: the

text: term

text: law

text: is

text: never

text: explicitly

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: Code

text: the

text: Catechism

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: cites

text: Aquinas

text: in

text: defining

text: law

text: as

text: an

text: ordinance

text: of

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: common

text: good

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: one

text: who

text: is

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: and

text: reformulates

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: rule

text: of

text: conduct

text: enacted

text: by

text: competent

text: authority

text: for

text: the

text: sake

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: good

question: What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?

answer: Aristotelian-Thomistic

text: Aristotelian-Thomistic

question: Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?

answer: Aquinas

text: Aquinas

question: What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church?

answer: law

text: law

question: What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?

answer: the common good

text: the common good

question: What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism?

answer: a rule of conduct

text: a rule of conduct

question: What generally follows the principles of Aristotle and Plato?

text: Canonical jurisprudential theory

question: Which philosopher quoted the catechism?

text: Aquinas

question: What term is explicitly defined in the code?

text: law

question: What does Aquinas say is working towards the good of the church?

text: an ordinance of reason


text: With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work. Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: With

text: such

text: a

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: children

text: working

text: the

text: rising

text: of

text: illiteracy

text: and

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: formal

text: education

text: became

text: a

text: widespread

text: issue

text: for

text: many

text: children

text: who

text: worked

text: to

text: provide

text: for

text: their

text: families

text: Due

text: to

text: this

text: problematic

text: trend

text: many

text: parents

text: developed

text: a

text: change

text: of

text: opinion

text: when

text: deciding

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: send

text: their

text: children

text: to

text: work

text: Other

text: factors

text: that

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: included

text: financial

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: economy

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: technology

text: raised

text: wages

text: and

text: continuous

text: regulations

text: on

text: factory

text: legislation

question: What became an issue for the working child?

answer: illiteracy

text: illiteracy

question: Was illiteracy a factor in changing the minds of parents of child labourers?

answer: many parents developed a change of opinion

text: many parents developed a change of opinion

question: What are the reasons that lead to a decline of child labour?

answer: financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation

text: financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation


text: Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover. Some universities in Germany can also be seen as institutes of technology due to comprising a wide spread of technical sciences and having a history as a technical university. Examples are

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Niedersächsische

text: Technische

text: Hochschule

text: is

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: of

text: TU

text: Clausthal

text: TU

text: Braunschweig

text: and

text: University

text: of

text: Hanover

text: Some

text: universities

text: in

text: Germany

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: due

text: to

text: comprising

text: a

text: wide

text: spread

text: of

text: technical

text: sciences

text: and

text: having

text: a

text: history

text: as

text: a

text: technical

text: university

text: Examples

text: are

question: What's the joint project of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig, and the University of Hanover called?

answer: Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule

text: Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule


text: Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Some

text: breeds

text: of

text: dogs

text: are

text: prone

text: to

text: certain

text: genetic

text: ailments

text: such

text: as

text: elbow

text: and

text: hip

text: dysplasia

text: blindness

text: deafness

text: pulmonic

text: stenosis

text: cleft

text: palate

text: and

text: trick

text: knees

text: Two

text: serious

text: medical

text: conditions

text: particularly

text: affecting

text: dogs

text: are

text: pyometra

text: affecting

text: unspayed

text: females

text: of

text: all

text: types

text: and

text: ages

text: and

text: bloat

text: which

text: affects

text: the

text: larger

text: breeds

text: or

text: deep

text: chested

text: dogs

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: acute

text: conditions

text: and

text: can

text: kill

text: rapidly

text: Dogs

text: are

text: also

text: susceptible

text: to

text: parasites

text: such

text: as

text: fleas

text: ticks

text: and

text: mites

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: hookworms

text: tapeworms

text: roundworms

text: and

text: heartworms

question: What are some dogs prone to?

answer: genetic ailments

text: genetic ailments

question: What are all dogs susceptible to?

answer: parasites

text: parasites

question: Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?

answer: unspayed

text: unspayed

question: Who does pyometra affect?

answer: unspayed females

text: unspayed females

question: What are fleas, ticks and mites called?

answer: parasites

text: parasites


text: The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall". The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released. It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart. The English band Radiohead also composed a song for the film, which went unused.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: digital

text: download

text: on

text: September

text: It

text: received

text: mixed

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: and

text: fans

text: particularly

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: Adele

text: 's

text: Skyfall

text: The

text: mixed

text: reception

text: to

text: the

text: song

text: led

text: to

text: Shirley

text: Bassey

text: trending

text: on

text: Twitter

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: it

text: was

text: released

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Bond

text: theme

text: to

text: reach

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: The

text: English

text: band

text: Radiohead

text: also

text: composed

text: a

text: song

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: which

text: went

text: unused

question: When was the main theme of Spectre made available in digital format?

answer: 25 September 2015

text: 25 September 2015

question: What song was the Spectre theme comapred to unfavorably?

answer: Skyfall

text: Skyfall

question: What former Bond theme singer was the subject of extensive activity on Twitter when the Spectre theme was released?

answer: Shirley Bassey

text: Shirley Bassey

question: What group wrote music for the film that ended up not being used?

answer: Radiohead

text: Radiohead

question: What artist performed the theme song for Skyfall?

answer: Adele

text: Adele

question: The release of Writing's on the Wall caused what name to trend on Twitter?

answer: Shirley Bassey

text: Shirley Bassey

question: Which English band also composed a song for the film?

answer: Radiohead

text: Radiohead

question: What was released as a digital download on 15 September 2015?

text: song

question: What received all positive reviews from critics?

text: song

question: Who was not trending on Twitter the day the song was released?

text: Shirley Bassey

question: What became the second Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart?

text: song

question: Radiohead composed what which was used in the film?

text: song


text: Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Despite

text: their

text: collective

text: name

text: not

text: all

text: woodwind

text: instruments

text: are

text: made

text: entirely

text: of

text: wood

text: The

text: reeds

text: used

text: to

text: play

text: them

text: however

text: are

text: usually

text: made

text: from

text: Arundo

text: donax

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: monocot

text: cane

text: plant

question: What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood?

answer: woodwind instruments

text: woodwind instruments

question: What are woodwind instrument's reeds often made out of?

answer: Arundo donax

text: Arundo donax

question: Is the Arundo donax a monocot or dicot cane plant?

answer: monocot

text: monocot

question: What objects do musicians have to have in order to play woodwind instruments?

answer: reeds

text: reeds


text: Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement. Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, and a separate Constitutional Court that provides judicial review of legislative acts and serves as an election arbiter. Various lower courts exist, though village chiefs and elders resolve most local disputes in rural areas.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Mali

text: 's

text: constitution

text: provides

text: for

text: an

text: independent

text: judiciary

text: but

text: the

text: executive

text: continues

text: to

text: exercise

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: judiciary

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: power

text: to

text: appoint

text: judges

text: and

text: oversee

text: both

text: judicial

text: functions

text: and

text: law

text: enforcement

text: Mali

text: 's

text: highest

text: courts

text: are

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: which

text: has

text: both

text: judicial

text: and

text: administrative

text: powers

text: and

text: a

text: separate

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: that

text: provides

text: judicial

text: review

text: of

text: legislative

text: acts

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: an

text: election

text: arbiter

text: Various

text: lower

text: courts

text: exist

text: though

text: village

text: chiefs

text: and

text: elders

text: resolve

text: most

text: local

text: disputes

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

question: What is Mali's highest court?

answer: Supreme Court

text: Supreme Court

question: What controls do the supreme court have?

answer: both judicial and administrative powers

text: both judicial and administrative powers

question: Constitutional Court provides what type of review of legislative acts?

answer: judicial review

text: judicial review

question: Constitutional Court also serves as what type of arbiter?

answer: election

text: election

question: Local disputes in rural areas are usually handled by what individuals?

answer: village chiefs and elders

text: village chiefs and elders

question: What country does not have an independent judiciary?

text: Mali

question: What does the Supreme Court enforce?

text: law

question: What this is Supreme Court review?

text: legislative acts

question: What do lower courts resolve at the local level?

text: disputes


text: More detail was given in Darwin's 1868 book on The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, which tried to explain heredity through his hypothesis of pangenesis. Although Darwin had privately questioned blending inheritance, he struggled with the theoretical difficulty that novel individual variations would tend to blend into a population. However, inherited variation could be seen, and Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable. It was not until the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s that a model of heredity became completely integrated with a model of variation. This modern evolutionary synthesis had been dubbed Neo Darwinian Evolution because it encompasses Charles Darwin's theories of evolution with Gregor Mendel's theories of genetic inheritance.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: More

text: detail

text: was

text: given

text: in

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: book

text: on

text: The

text: Variation

text: of

text: Animals

text: and

text: Plants

text: under

text: Domestication

text: which

text: tried

text: to

text: explain

text: heredity

text: through

text: his

text: hypothesis

text: of

text: pangenesis

text: Although

text: Darwin

text: had

text: privately

text: questioned

text: blending

text: inheritance

text: he

text: struggled

text: with

text: the

text: theoretical

text: difficulty

text: that

text: novel

text: individual

text: variations

text: would

text: tend

text: to

text: blend

text: into

text: a

text: population

text: However

text: inherited

text: variation

text: could

text: be

text: seen

text: and

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: selection

text: working

text: on

text: a

text: population

text: with

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: small

text: variations

text: was

text: workable

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: synthesis

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: heredity

text: became

text: completely

text: integrated

text: with

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: variation

text: This

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: synthesis

text: had

text: been

text: dubbed

text: Neo

text: Darwinian

text: Evolution

text: because

text: it

text: encompasses

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: theories

text: of

text: evolution

text: with

text: Gregor

text: Mendel

text: 's

text: theories

text: of

text: genetic

text: inheritance

question: When was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication by Charles Darwin published?

answer: 1868

question: What was the hypothesis that attempted to explain heredity?

answer: hypothesis of pangenesis.

text: hypothesis of pangenesis.

question: While Darwin wasn't sure about blending inherited traits, what was his opinion about utilizing inherited variation?

answer: Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable

text: Darwin's concept of selection working on a population with a range of small variations was workable

question: When did a model of heredity begin to be integrated with that of variation?

answer: in the 1930s and 1940s

text: in the 1930s and 1940s

question: What was the modern evolutionary synthesis named?

answer: Neo Darwinian Evolution

text: Neo Darwinian Evolution


text: Animal tissue consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved[vague]. Digestive juices break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modify their conformations and energy states. Though some molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, digestive processes release them from the matrix of foods. Unabsorbed matter, along with some waste products of metabolism, is eliminated from the body in the feces.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Animal

text: tissue

text: consists

text: of

text: elements

text: and

text: compounds

text: ingested

text: digested

text: absorbed

text: and

text: circulated

text: through

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: to

text: feed

text: the

text: cells

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: Except

text: in

text: the

text: unborn

text: fetus

text: the

text: digestive

text: system

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: system

text: involved[vague

text: Digestive

text: juices

text: break

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: in

text: ingested

text: molecules

text: and

text: modify

text: their

text: conformations

text: and

text: energy

text: states

text: Though

text: some

text: molecules

text: are

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: unchanged

text: digestive

text: processes

text: release

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: matrix

text: of

text: foods

text: Unabsorbed

text: matter

text: along

text: with

text: some

text: waste

text: products

text: of

text: metabolism

text: is

text: eliminated

text: from

text: the

text: body

text: in

text: the

text: feces

question: Through what part of the body are nutrients transported to feed cells?

answer: bloodstream

text: bloodstream

question: In which specific circumstance is the digestive system not the first system involved in nutrient processing?

answer: unborn fetus

text: unborn fetus

question: What is able to break bonds in ingested molecules?

answer: Digestive juices

text: Digestive juices

question: Molecules that are released from ingested foods are done so through which process?

answer: digestive processes

text: digestive processes

question: Through which manner are unabsorbed matter and waste products excreted?

answer: feces

text: feces


text: The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1200–1050 BC). These symbols, carved on pieces of bone and turtle shell being sold as "dragon bones" for medicinal purposes, were identified as Chinese writing by scholars in 1899. By 1928, the source of the oracle bones had been traced to a village near Anyang in Henan Province, which was excavated by the Academia Sinica between 1928 and 1937. Over 150,000 fragments have been found.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: The

text: earliest

text: confirmed

text: evidence

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: script

text: yet

text: discovered

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: inscriptions

text: on

text: oracle

text: bones

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: Shang

text: dynasty

text: c.

text: BC

text: These

text: symbols

text: carved

text: on

text: pieces

text: of

text: bone

text: and

text: turtle

text: shell

text: being

text: sold

text: as

text: dragon

text: bones

text: for

text: medicinal

text: purposes

text: were

text: identified

text: as

text: Chinese

text: writing

text: by

text: scholars

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: oracle

text: bones

text: had

text: been

text: traced

text: to

text: a

text: village

text: near

text: Anyang

text: in

text: Henan

text: Province

text: which

text: was

text: excavated

text: by

text: the

text: Academia

text: Sinica

text: between

text: and

text: Over

text: fragments

text: have

text: been

text: found

question: What was the earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script?

answer: oracle bones

text: oracle bones

question: Where were the symbols carved on?

answer: pieces of bone and turtle shell

text: pieces of bone and turtle shell

question: Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to?

answer: village near Anyang in Henan Province

text: village near Anyang in Henan Province


text: The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that racketeer and political boss Enoch L. "Nucky" Johnson rose to power. Prohibition was largely unenforced in Atlantic City, and, because alcohol that had been smuggled into the city with the acquiescence of local officials could be readily obtained at restaurants and other establishments, the resort's popularity grew further. The city then dubbed itself as "The World's Playground". Nucky Johnson's income, which reached as much as $500,000 annually, came from the kickbacks he took on illegal liquor, gambling and prostitution operating in the city, as well as from kickbacks on construction projects.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: The

text: with

text: tourism

text: at

text: its

text: peak

text: are

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: historians

text: as

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: 's

text: golden

text: age

text: During

text: Prohibition

text: which

text: was

text: enacted

text: nationally

text: in

text: and

text: lasted

text: until

text: much

text: liquor

text: was

text: consumed

text: and

text: gambling

text: regularly

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: back

text: rooms

text: of

text: nightclubs

text: and

text: restaurants

text: It

text: was

text: during

text: Prohibition

text: that

text: racketeer

text: and

text: political

text: boss

text: Enoch

text: L.

text: Nucky

text: Johnson

text: rose

text: to

text: power

text: Prohibition

text: was

text: largely

text: unenforced

text: in

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: and

text: because

text: alcohol

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: smuggled

text: into

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: the

text: acquiescence

text: of

text: local

text: officials

text: could

text: be

text: readily

text: obtained

text: at

text: restaurants

text: and

text: other

text: establishments

text: the

text: resort

text: 's

text: popularity

text: grew

text: further

text: The

text: city

text: then

text: dubbed

text: itself

text: as

text: The

text: World

text: 's

text: Playground

text: Nucky

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: income

text: which

text: reached

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: annually

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: kickbacks

text: he

text: took

text: on

text: illegal

text: liquor

text: gambling

text: and

text: prostitution

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: from

text: kickbacks

text: on

text: construction

text: projects

question: What years do many historians consider Atlantic City's golden age?

answer: 1920s

question: What year was Prohibition enacted nationally?

answer: 1919

question: During Prohibition what name was given to Atlantic City?

answer: The World's Playground

text: The World's Playground

question: During Prohibition how high was Nucky Johnson's income?

answer: as much as $500,000 annually

text: as much as $500,000 annually

question: How long did Prohibition last?

answer: until 1933

text: until 1933


text: During her grandfather's reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as the Prince of Wales was still young, and many assumed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, after her father. Later that year Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeth's father became king, and she became heir presumptive. If her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: During

text: her

text: grandfather

text: 's

text: reign

text: Elizabeth

text: was

text: third

text: in

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: succession

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: behind

text: her

text: uncle

text: Edward

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: and

text: her

text: father

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: Although

text: her

text: birth

text: generated

text: public

text: interest

text: she

text: was

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: become

text: queen

text: as

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: was

text: still

text: young

text: and

text: many

text: assumed

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: marry

text: and

text: have

text: children

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: When

text: her

text: grandfather

text: died

text: in

text: and

text: her

text: uncle

text: succeeded

text: as

text: Edward

text: VIII

text: she

text: became

text: second

text: in

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: after

text: her

text: father

text: Later

text: that

text: year

text: Edward

text: abdicated

text: after

text: his

text: proposed

text: marriage

text: to

text: divorced

text: socialite

text: Wallis

text: Simpson

text: provoked

text: a

text: constitutional

text: crisis

text: Consequently

text: Elizabeth

text: 's

text: father

text: became

text: king

text: and

text: she

text: became

text: heir

text: presumptive

text: If

text: her

text: parents

text: had

text: had

text: a

text: later

text: son

text: she

text: would

text: have

text: lost

text: her

text: position

text: as

text: first

text: in

text: line

text: as

text: her

text: brother

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: heir

text: apparent

text: and

text: above

text: her

text: in

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: succession

question: When she was born, where in the order of succession was Elizabeth?

answer: third

text: third

question: Before Elizabeth's father who was next in line for the throne?

answer: Edward, Prince of Wales

text: Edward, Prince of Wales

question: When did Elizabeth's grandfather die?

answer: 1936

question: What event caused Edward to abdicate the throne?

answer: proposed marriage

text: proposed marriage

question: What did Edward's proposed marriage to Simpson cause?

answer: constitutional crisis

text: constitutional crisis

question: In what year did Wallis Simpson divorce?

question: What was Elizabeth's father's name?

text: Edward, Prince of Wales

question: In what year was Elizabeth born?


text: Media outlets began reporting in late September 2009 that Comcast was in talks to buy NBCUniversal. Comcast denied the rumors at first, while NBC would not comment on them. However, CNBC itself reported on October 1 that General Electric was considering spinning NBCUniversal off into a separate company that would merge the NBC television network and its cable properties such as USA Network, Syfy and MSNBC with Comcast's content assets. GE would maintain 49% control of the new company, while Comcast owned 51%. Vivendi, which owns 20%, would have to sell its stake to GE. It was reported that under the current deal with GE that it would happen in November or December. It was also reported that Time Warner would be interested in placing a bid, until CEO Jeffrey L. Bewkes directly denied interest, leaving Comcast the sole bidder. On November 1, 2009, The New York Times reported Comcast had moved closer to a deal to purchase NBCUniversal and that a formal announcement could be made sometime the following week.

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: Media

text: outlets

text: began

text: reporting

text: in

text: late

text: September

text: that

text: Comcast

text: was

text: in

text: talks

text: to

text: buy

text: NBCUniversal

text: Comcast

text: denied

text: the

text: rumors

text: at

text: first

text: while

text: NBC

text: would

text: not

text: comment

text: on

text: them

text: However

text: CNBC

text: itself

text: reported

text: on

text: October

text: that

text: General

text: Electric

text: was

text: considering

text: spinning

text: NBCUniversal

text: off

text: into

text: a

text: separate

text: company

text: that

text: would

text: merge

text: the

text: NBC

text: television

text: network

text: and

text: its

text: cable

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: USA

text: Network

text: Syfy

text: and

text: MSNBC

text: with

text: Comcast

text: 's

text: content

text: assets

text: GE

text: would

text: maintain

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: company

text: while

text: Comcast

text: owned

text: Vivendi

text: which

text: owns

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: sell

text: its

text: stake

text: to

text: GE

text: It

text: was

text: reported

text: that

text: under

text: the

text: current

text: deal

text: with

text: GE

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: happen

text: in

text: November

text: or

text: December

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: reported

text: that

text: Time

text: Warner

text: would

text: be

text: interested

text: in

text: placing

text: a

text: bid

text: until

text: CEO

text: Jeffrey

text: L.

text: Bewkes

text: directly

text: denied

text: interest

text: leaving

text: Comcast

text: the

text: sole

text: bidder

text: On

text: November

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: reported

text: Comcast

text: had

text: moved

text: closer

text: to

text: a

text: deal

text: to

text: purchase

text: NBCUniversal

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: formal

text: announcement

text: could

text: be

text: made

text: sometime

text: the

text: following

text: week

question: What media conglomerate did Comcast begin preliminary talks to buy in 2009?

answer: NBCUniversal

text: NBCUniversal

question: What was NBC's parent company in 2009?

answer: General Electric

text: General Electric

question: What ownership stake did Ccomcast get in this deal?

answer: 51%

question: What company was forced to sell its interest in NBCUniversal as part of the purchase deal?

answer: Vivendi

text: Vivendi

question: What other cable company was reputed to have an interest in NBCUniversal?

answer: Time Warner

text: Time Warner

question: When did CNBC announce Comcast had bought NBCUniversal?

text: October 1

question: How much of NBCUniversal did CNBC announce Time Warner would own?

question: How much stock was Vivendi forced to buy?

question: Who is the CEO of Comcast?

text: Jeffrey L. Bewkes

question: Who reported that Time Warner was placing a bid in November 2009?

text: The New York Times


text: After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovered then for gravity, "ghosts", which are "particles" in the interior of his diagrams that have the "wrong" connection between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior of the Yang–Mills theories, for example, QCD and the electro-weak theory.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: After

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: quantum

text: electrodynamics

text: Feynman

text: turned

text: to

text: quantum

text: gravity

text: By

text: analogy

text: with

text: the

text: photon

text: which

text: has

text: spin

text: he

text: investigated

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: a

text: free

text: massless

text: spin

text: field

text: and

text: derived

text: the

text: Einstein

text: field

text: equation

text: of

text: general

text: relativity

text: but

text: little

text: more

text: The

text: computational

text: device

text: that

text: Feynman

text: discovered

text: then

text: for

text: gravity

text: ghosts

text: which

text: are

text: particles

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: his

text: diagrams

text: that

text: have

text: the

text: wrong

text: connection

text: between

text: spin

text: and

text: statistics

text: have

text: proved

text: invaluable

text: in

text: explaining

text: the

text: quantum

text: particle

text: behavior

text: of

text: the

text: Yang

text: Mills

text: theories

text: for

text: example

text: QCD

text: and

text: the

text: electro

text: weak

text: theory

question: Where did  Feynman find success before moving to quantum gravity

answer: quantum electrodynamics

text: quantum electrodynamics

question: What did Feynman investigate while working on quantum gravity?

answer: consequences of a free massless spin 2 field

text: consequences of a free massless spin 2 field

question: What equation did Feyman derive?

answer: Einstein field equation of general relativity

text: Einstein field equation of general relativity

question: What did Feynman's discoveries help explain?

answer: Yang–Mills theories

text: Yang–Mills theories

question: Which parts of the Yang-Mills theories did Feynman help explain?

answer: QCD and the electro-weak theory

text: QCD and the electro-weak theory

question: Where did Feynman find failure before moving to quantum gravity?

text: quantum electrodynamics

question: What did Feynman ignore while working on quantum gravity?

question: What equation did Feynman steal?

question: What did Feynman's discoveries hurt the explanation of?

text: Yang–Mills theories

question: Which parts of the Yang-Mills theories did Feynman dispel?

text: QCD and the electro-weak theory


text: White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better. Due to the higher radiative output of the ultraviolet LEDs than of the blue ones, both methods offer comparable brightness. A concern is that UV light may leak from a malfunctioning light source and cause harm to human eyes or skin.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: White

text: LEDs

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: made

text: by

text: coating

text: near

text: ultraviolet

text: NUV

text: LEDs

text: with

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: high

text: efficiency

text: europium

text: based

text: phosphors

text: that

text: emit

text: red

text: and

text: blue

text: plus

text: copper

text: and

text: aluminium

text: doped

text: zinc

text: sulfide

text: ZnS

text: Cu

text: Al

text: that

text: emits

text: green

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: method

text: analogous

text: to

text: the

text: way

text: fluorescent

text: lamps

text: work

text: This

text: method

text: is

text: less

text: efficient

text: than

text: blue

text: LEDs

text: with

text: YAG

text: Ce

text: phosphor

text: as

text: the

text: Stokes

text: shift

text: is

text: larger

text: so

text: more

text: energy

text: is

text: converted

text: to

text: heat

text: but

text: yields

text: light

text: with

text: better

text: spectral

text: characteristics

text: which

text: render

text: color

text: better

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: higher

text: radiative

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: ultraviolet

text: LEDs

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: blue

text: ones

text: both

text: methods

text: offer

text: comparable

text: brightness

text: A

text: concern

text: is

text: that

text: UV

text: light

text: may

text: leak

text: from

text: a

text: malfunctioning

text: light

text: source

text: and

text: cause

text: harm

text: to

text: human

text: eyes

text: or

text: skin

question: White LEDs can be made by coating what?

answer: near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs

text: near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs

question: What are near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED?

answer: copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al)

text: copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al)

question: What device also works in a similar way as NUV LEDs?

answer: fluorescent lamps

text: fluorescent lamps

question: The method of coating NUVs less efficient than what other LEDs?

answer: blue

text: blue

question: What light can harm human eyes or skin?

answer: UV light

text: UV light

question: White LEDs can be made by not coating what?

text: near-ultraviolet (NUV)

question: What are non-near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED?

text: copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide

question: What device also works in a similar way as non-NUV LEDs?

text: fluorescent lamps

question: The method of coating NUVs more efficient than what other LEDs?

text: blue


text: The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quality; others experience several bouts a day, or it may occur only once every week or two. It is often described as shooting, crushing, burning or cramping. If the pain is continuous for a long period, parts of the intact body may become sensitized, so that touching them evokes pain in the phantom limb, or phantom limb pain may accompany urination or defecation.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: The

text: prevalence

text: of

text: phantom

text: pain

text: in

text: upper

text: limb

text: amputees

text: is

text: nearly

text: and

text: in

text: lower

text: limb

text: amputees

text: is

text: One

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: eight

text: days

text: after

text: amputation

text: percent

text: of

text: patients

text: had

text: phantom

text: limb

text: pain

text: and

text: six

text: months

text: later

text: percent

text: reported

text: it

text: Some

text: amputees

text: experience

text: continuous

text: pain

text: that

text: varies

text: in

text: intensity

text: or

text: quality

text: others

text: experience

text: several

text: bouts

text: a

text: day

text: or

text: it

text: may

text: occur

text: only

text: once

text: every

text: week

text: or

text: two

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: described

text: as

text: shooting

text: crushing

text: burning

text: or

text: cramping

text: If

text: the

text: pain

text: is

text: continuous

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: intact

text: body

text: may

text: become

text: sensitized

text: so

text: that

text: touching

text: them

text: evokes

text: pain

text: in

text: the

text: phantom

text: limb

text: or

text: phantom

text: limb

text: pain

text: may

text: accompany

text: urination

text: or

text: defecation

question: What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain?

answer: nearly 82%

text: nearly 82%

question: What is the percentage of of phantom pain felt by lower limb amputees?

answer: 54%

question: After six months, what percentage of people who had limbs amputated still felt pain in those limbs?

answer: 65 percent

text: 65 percent

question: What may happen with intact body parts if there is continuous pain for a long period?

answer: become sensitized

text: become sensitized

question: What may accompany urination for amputees?

answer: phantom limb pain

text: phantom limb pain

question: What do 54% of upper limb amputees experience?

text: phantom pain

question: What do 82% of lower limb amputees experience?

text: phantom pain

question: What did 72% of patients experience six days after amputation?

text: phantom limb pain

question: What did 65% of patients report eight months after amputation?

text: phantom limb pain