text: The city has a rich history, spanning nearly 2000 years, as inferred from inscriptions found in the valley. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Most of Kathmandu's people follow Hinduism and many others follow Buddhism. There are people of other religious beliefs as well, giving Kathmandu a cosmopolitan culture. Nepali is the most commonly spoken language in the city. English is understood by Kathmandu's educated residents. Historic areas of Kathmandu were devastated by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake on 25 April 2015.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: a

text: rich

text: history

text: spanning

text: nearly

text: years

text: as

text: inferred

text: from

text: inscriptions

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: valley

text: Religious

text: and

text: cultural

text: festivities

text: form

text: a

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: people

text: residing

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: Most

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: 's

text: people

text: follow

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: follow

text: Buddhism

text: There

text: are

text: people

text: of

text: other

text: religious

text: beliefs

text: as

text: well

text: giving

text: Kathmandu

text: a

text: cosmopolitan

text: culture

text: Nepali

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: English

text: is

text: understood

text: by

text: Kathmandu

text: 's

text: educated

text: residents

text: Historic

text: areas

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: were

text: devastated

text: by

text: a

text: magnitude

text: earthquake

text: on

text: April

question: About how long has Kathmandu existed?

answer: 2000

question: What suggests that Kathmandu is as old as it is?

answer: inscriptions

text: inscriptions

question: What is Kathmandu's majority religion?

answer: Hinduism

text: Hinduism

question: What do most Kathmandu residents speak?

answer: Nepali

text: Nepali

question: What secondary language do educated people in Kathmandu speak?

answer: English

text: English


text: Following division of Alexander's empire, Seleucus I Nicator received Babylonia. From there, he created a new empire which expanded to include much of Alexander's near eastern territories. At the height of its power, it included central Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, today's Turkmenistan, Pamir, and parts of Pakistan. It included a diverse population estimated at fifty to sixty million people. Under Antiochus I (c. 324/3 – 261 BC), however, the unwieldy empire was already beginning to shed territories. Pergamum broke away under Eumenes I who defeated a Seleucid army sent against him. The kingdoms of Cappadocia, Bithynia and Pontus were all practically independent by this time as well. Like the Ptolemies, Antiochus I established a dynastic religious cult, deifying his father Seleucus I. Seleucus, officially said to be descended from Apollo, had his own priests and monthly sacrifices. The erosion of the empire continued under Seleucus II, who was forced to fight a civil war (239-236) against his brother Antiochus Hierax and was unable to keep Bactria, Sogdiana and Parthia from breaking away. Hierax carved off most of Seleucid Anatolia for himself, but was defeated, along with his Galatian allies, by Attalus I of Pergamon who now also claimed kingship.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Following

text: division

text: of

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: empire

text: Seleucus

text: I

text: Nicator

text: received

text: Babylonia

text: From

text: there

text: he

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: empire

text: which

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: much

text: of

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: near

text: eastern

text: territories

text: At

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: it

text: included

text: central

text: Anatolia

text: the

text: Levant

text: Mesopotamia

text: Persia

text: today

text: 's

text: Turkmenistan

text: Pamir

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: It

text: included

text: a

text: diverse

text: population

text: estimated

text: at

text: fifty

text: to

text: sixty

text: million

text: people

text: Under

text: Antiochus

text: I

text: c.

text: BC

text: however

text: the

text: unwieldy

text: empire

text: was

text: already

text: beginning

text: to

text: shed

text: territories

text: Pergamum

text: broke

text: away

text: under

text: Eumenes

text: I

text: who

text: defeated

text: a

text: Seleucid

text: army

text: sent

text: against

text: him

text: The

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Cappadocia

text: Bithynia

text: and

text: Pontus

text: were

text: all

text: practically

text: independent

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: as

text: well

text: Like

text: the

text: Ptolemies

text: Antiochus

text: I

text: established

text: a

text: dynastic

text: religious

text: cult

text: deifying

text: his

text: father

text: Seleucus

text: I.

text: Seleucus

text: officially

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: Apollo

text: had

text: his

text: own

text: priests

text: and

text: monthly

text: sacrifices

text: The

text: erosion

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: continued

text: under

text: Seleucus

text: II

text: who

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: fight

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: against

text: his

text: brother

text: Antiochus

text: Hierax

text: and

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: keep

text: Bactria

text: Sogdiana

text: and

text: Parthia

text: from

text: breaking

text: away

text: Hierax

text: carved

text: off

text: most

text: of

text: Seleucid

text: Anatolia

text: for

text: himself

text: but

text: was

text: defeated

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: Galatian

text: allies

text: by

text: Attalus

text: I

text: of

text: Pergamon

text: who

text: now

text: also

text: claimed

text: kingship

question: After Alexander's empire was split, what region did Seleucus I Nicator receive?

answer: Babylonia

text: Babylonia

question: Pergamum was led by whom when they defeated a Seleucid army?

answer: Eumenes I

text: Eumenes I

question: Who defied his father Seleucus I, and set up a religous cult?

answer: Antiochus I

text: Antiochus I

question: What was the name of Seleucus II brother, whom he fought in civil war?

answer: Antiochus Hierax

text: Antiochus Hierax

question: Who ultimately defeated Seleucid Anatolia?

answer: Attalus I

text: Attalus I


text: On 23 September 1946, an 8,000-strong railroad worker strike began in Pusan. Civil disorder spread throughout the country in what became known as the Autumn uprising. On 1 October 1946, Korean police killed three students in the Daegu Uprising; protesters counter-attacked, killing 38 policemen. On 3 October, some 10,000 people attacked the Yeongcheon police station, killing three policemen and injuring some 40 more; elsewhere, some 20 landlords and pro-Japanese South Korean officials were killed. The USAMGIK declared martial law.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: September

text: an

text: railroad

text: worker

text: strike

text: began

text: in

text: Pusan

text: Civil

text: disorder

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Autumn

text: uprising

text: On

text: October

text: Korean

text: police

text: killed

text: three

text: students

text: in

text: the

text: Daegu

text: Uprising

text: protesters

text: counter

text: attacked

text: killing

text: policemen

text: On

text: October

text: some

text: people

text: attacked

text: the

text: Yeongcheon

text: police

text: station

text: killing

text: three

text: policemen

text: and

text: injuring

text: some

text: more

text: elsewhere

text: some

text: landlords

text: and

text: pro

text: Japanese

text: South

text: Korean

text: officials

text: were

text: killed

text: The

text: USAMGIK

text: declared

text: martial

text: law

question: What is the civil disobedience caused by the railroad worker's strike called?

answer: the Autumn uprising

text: the Autumn uprising

question: When was the Daegu Uprising?

answer: 1946

question: How many people attacked the Yeongcheon police station?

answer: 10,000

question: When did the Pusasn railroad strike begin?

answer: 23 September 1946

text: 23 September 1946

question: How did the USAMGIK respond to the uprisings?

answer: declared martial law

text: declared martial law


text: Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Positioned

text: asymmetrically

text: around

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: and

text: largely

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Circle

text: Antarctica

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: continent

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: alternatively

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: southern

text: Pacific

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: or

text: by

text: the

text: southern

text: waters

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Ocean

text: It

text: covers

text: more

text: than

text: sq

text: mi

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: continent

text: about

text: times

text: as

text: large

text: as

text: Europe

text: The

text: coastline

text: measures

text: km

text: mi

text: and

text: is

text: mostly

text: characterized

text: by

text: ice

text: formations

text: as

text: the

text: following

text: table

text: shows

question: What is the southern most continent?

answer: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

question: What is the size of Antarctica in square miles?

answer: 5,400,000

question: What is Antarctica's ranking among the continents?

answer: fifth-largest

text: fifth-largest

question: How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line?

answer: 11,165

question: What continent is largely north of the Antarctic Circle?

text: Antarctica

question: What ocean does Antarctica surround?

text: Southern Ocean

question: What other oceansbesides the Southern Ocean does Antarctica surround?

text: Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans

question: What continent is 14,000,000 square miles?

text: Antarctica

question: What coninent is 1.3 times smaller than Europe?

text: Antarctica

question: What surrounds the Southern Ocean?

text: Antarctica

question: What continent covers more than 14,000,000 sq mi?

text: Antarctica

question: What continent is 3.1 times as large as Europe?

text: Antarctica

question: What measures 17,968 square miles?

text: The coastline

question: What is positioned symmetrically around the South Pole?

text: Antarctica


text: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem is one of Israel's most important cultural institutions and houses the Dead Sea scrolls, along with an extensive collection of Judaica and European art. Israel's national Holocaust museum, Yad Vashem, is the world central archive of Holocaust-related information. Beth Hatefutsoth (the Diaspora Museum), on the campus of Tel Aviv University, is an interactive museum devoted to the history of Jewish communities around the world. Apart from the major museums in large cities, there are high-quality artspaces in many towns and kibbutzim. Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad is the largest art museum in the north of the country.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: Israel

text: Museum

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: cultural

text: institutions

text: and

text: houses

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: scrolls

text: along

text: with

text: an

text: extensive

text: collection

text: of

text: Judaica

text: and

text: European

text: art

text: Israel

text: 's

text: national

text: Holocaust

text: museum

text: Yad

text: Vashem

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: central

text: archive

text: of

text: Holocaust

text: related

text: information

text: Beth

text: Hatefutsoth

text: the

text: Diaspora

text: Museum

text: on

text: the

text: campus

text: of

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: University

text: is

text: an

text: interactive

text: museum

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: major

text: museums

text: in

text: large

text: cities

text: there

text: are

text: high

text: quality

text: artspaces

text: in

text: many

text: towns

text: and

text: kibbutzim

text: Mishkan

text: Le'Omanut

text: on

text: Kibbutz

text: Ein

text: Harod

text: Meuhad

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: country

question: What is one of Israel's most important culturural institutions?

answer: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem

text: The Israel Museum in Jerusalem

question: What is an interactive museum on the campus of Tel Aviv University?

answer: Beth Hatefutsoth

text: Beth Hatefutsoth

question: What is the largest art museum in the north of the country?

answer: Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad

text: Mishkan Le'Omanut on Kibbutz Ein Harod Meuhad


text: The Daily Star had been launched in 1978 by Express Newspaper, and by 1981 had begun to affect sales of The Sun. Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price removed the Daily Star's competitive advantage opening a new circulation battle which resulted in The Sun neutralising the threat of the new paper. The new editor of The Sun, Kelvin MacKenzie, took up his post in 1981 just after these developments, and "changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did", according to Bruce Page, MacKenzie The paper became "more outrageous, opinionated and irreverent than anything ever produced in Britain".

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Daily

text: Star

text: had

text: been

text: launched

text: in

text: by

text: Express

text: Newspaper

text: and

text: by

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: affect

text: sales

text: of

text: The

text: Sun

text: Bingo

text: was

text: introduced

text: as

text: a

text: marketing

text: tool

text: and

text: a

text: drop

text: in

text: cover

text: price

text: removed

text: the

text: Daily

text: Star

text: 's

text: competitive

text: advantage

text: opening

text: a

text: new

text: circulation

text: battle

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: The

text: Sun

text: neutralising

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: paper

text: The

text: new

text: editor

text: of

text: The

text: Sun

text: Kelvin

text: MacKenzie

text: took

text: up

text: his

text: post

text: in

text: just

text: after

text: these

text: developments

text: and

text: changed

text: the

text: British

text: tabloid

text: concept

text: more

text: profoundly

text: than

text: Larry

text: Lamb

text: did

text: according

text: to

text: Bruce

text: Page

text: MacKenzie

text: The

text: paper

text: became

text: more

text: outrageous

text: opinionated

text: and

text: irreverent

text: than

text: anything

text: ever

text: produced

text: in

text: Britain

question: What newspaper was founded by Express Newspaper?

answer: The Daily Star

text: The Daily Star

question: By what year had The Daily Star started impacting The Sun's sales?

answer: 1981

question: What helped the Sun overcome the Daily Star's challenge?

answer: Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price

text: Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price

question: Who became editor of the Sun in 1981?

answer: Kelvin MacKenzie

text: Kelvin MacKenzie

question: What impact was Mackenzie said to have?

answer: changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did"

text: changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did"


text: The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the Śramaṇa movement; the decline of Śrauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: India

text: includes

text: the

text: prehistoric

text: settlements

text: and

text: societies

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: the

text: blending

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: Valley

text: Civilization

text: and

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: culture

text: into

text: the

text: Vedic

text: Civilization

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: as

text: a

text: synthesis

text: of

text: various

text: Indian

text: cultures

text: and

text: traditions

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Śramaṇa

text: movement

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Śrauta

text: sacrifices

text: and

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: the

text: initiatory

text: traditions

text: of

text: Jainism

text: Buddhism

text: Shaivism

text: Vaishnavism

text: and

text: Shaktism

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: a

text: succession

text: of

text: powerful

text: dynasties

text: and

text: empires

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: millennia

text: throughout

text: various

text: geographic

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: including

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: Muslim

text: dynasties

text: during

text: the

text: Medieval

text: period

text: intertwined

text: with

text: Hindu

text: powers

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: European

text: traders

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: rule

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: independence

text: movement

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Partition

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

question: In what geographic area was the country of India established?

answer: Indian subcontinent

text: Indian subcontinent

question: What did the joining of the Indus Valley and Indo-Aryan cultures produce?

answer: Vedic Civilization

text: Vedic Civilization

question: Of what is Hinduism a combination?

answer: Indian cultures and traditions

text: Indian cultures and traditions

question: How long was the succession of powerful dynasties in the Indian subcontinent?

answer: two millennia

text: two millennia

question: What movement lead to the founding of the Republic of India?

answer: independence movement

text: independence movement


text: The gasoline crises of 1973 and 1979 also affected Detroit and the U.S. auto industry. Buyers chose smaller, more fuel-efficient cars made by foreign makers as the price of gas rose. Efforts to revive the city were stymied by the struggles of the auto industry, as their sales and market share declined. Automakers laid off thousands of employees and closed plants in the city, further eroding the tax base. To counteract this, the city used eminent domain to build two large new auto assembly plants in the city.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: gasoline

text: crises

text: of

text: and

text: also

text: affected

text: Detroit

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: auto

text: industry

text: Buyers

text: chose

text: smaller

text: more

text: fuel

text: efficient

text: cars

text: made

text: by

text: foreign

text: makers

text: as

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: gas

text: rose

text: Efforts

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: city

text: were

text: stymied

text: by

text: the

text: struggles

text: of

text: the

text: auto

text: industry

text: as

text: their

text: sales

text: and

text: market

text: share

text: declined

text: Automakers

text: laid

text: off

text: thousands

text: of

text: employees

text: and

text: closed

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: further

text: eroding

text: the

text: tax

text: base

text: To

text: counteract

text: this

text: the

text: city

text: used

text: eminent

text: domain

text: to

text: build

text: two

text: large

text: new

text: auto

text: assembly

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: What hurt the Auto industry?

answer: gasoline crises

text: gasoline crises

question: What did Detroit use to build it's tax base?

answer: eminent domain

text: eminent domain

question: What was one of the effects of having employers cut jobs and closing plants in Detroit?

answer: eroding the tax base

text: eroding the tax base


text: Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Freemasonry

text: consists

text: of

text: fraternal

text: organisations

text: that

text: trace

text: their

text: origins

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: fraternities

text: of

text: stonemasons

text: which

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: fourteenth

text: century

text: regulated

text: the

text: qualifications

text: of

text: stonemasons

text: and

text: their

text: interaction

text: with

text: authorities

text: and

text: clients

text: The

text: degrees

text: of

text: freemasonry

text: retain

text: the

text: three

text: grades

text: of

text: medieval

text: craft

text: guilds

text: those

text: of

text: Apprentice

text: Journeyman

text: or

text: fellow

text: now

text: called

text: Fellowcraft

text: and

text: Master

text: Mason

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: degrees

text: offered

text: by

text: Craft

text: or

text: Blue

text: Lodge

text: Freemasonry

text: Members

text: of

text: these

text: organisations

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Freemasons

text: or

text: Masons

text: There

text: are

text: additional

text: degrees

text: which

text: vary

text: with

text: locality

text: and

text: jurisdiction

text: and

text: are

text: usually

text: administered

text: by

text: different

text: bodies

text: than

text: the

text: craft

text: degrees

question: Where are the origins of Freemasonry?

answer: local fraternities of stonemasons

text: local fraternities of stonemasons

question: What were the fraternaties of stonemasons origionally responsible for?

answer: regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients

text: regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients

question: Where did the degrees of Freemasonry derived from?

answer: the three grades of medieval craft guilds

text: the three grades of medieval craft guilds

question: What are the degrees of Freemasonry?

answer: Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason

text: Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason

question: Freemasons trace their origins to what?

answer: the local fraternities of stonemasons

text: the local fraternities of stonemasons

question: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds?

answer: three grades

text: three grades

question: Craft Freemasonry is also known as what?

answer: Blue Lodge

text: Blue Lodge

question: Members of Craft Masonry are called what?

answer: Freemasons or Masons

text: Freemasons or Masons

question: Where did Freemasonry end?

text: local fraternities of stonemasons

question: What were the fraternities of stonemasons avoiding responsibility for?

question: What are no longer the degrees of Freemasonry?

question: How many kings are there in medieval craft guilds?

text: three

question: What is Craft Freemasonry forbidden as being known as?

text: Blue Lodge


text: Von Neumann's team performed the world's first numerical weather forecasts on the ENIAC computer; von Neumann published the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation in 1950. Von Neumann's interest in weather systems and meteorological prediction led him to propose manipulating the environment by spreading colorants on the polar ice caps to enhance absorption of solar radiation (by reducing the albedo). thereby inducing global warming. Noting that the Earth was only 6 °F (3.3 °C) colder during the last glacial period, he noted that the burning of coal and oil "a general warming of the Earth by about one degree Fahrenheit."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: team

text: performed

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: numerical

text: weather

text: forecasts

text: on

text: the

text: ENIAC

text: computer

text: von

text: Neumann

text: published

text: the

text: paper

text: Numerical

text: Integration

text: of

text: the

text: Barotropic

text: Vorticity

text: Equation

text: in

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: interest

text: in

text: weather

text: systems

text: and

text: meteorological

text: prediction

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: propose

text: manipulating

text: the

text: environment

text: by

text: spreading

text: colorants

text: on

text: the

text: polar

text: ice

text: caps

text: to

text: enhance

text: absorption

text: of

text: solar

text: radiation

text: by

text: reducing

text: the

text: albedo

text: thereby

text: inducing

text: global

text: warming

text: Noting

text: that

text: the

text: Earth

text: was

text: only

text: F

text: C

text: colder

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: glacial

text: period

text: he

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: burning

text: of

text: coal

text: and

text: oil

text: a

text: general

text: warming

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: by

text: about

text: one

text: degree

text: Fahrenheit

question: On what computer was the first numerical weather forecast produced?

answer: ENIAC

text: ENIAC

question: In what year did von Neumann publish the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation

answer: 1950

question: How much colder was world in last glacial age?

answer: 6 °F (3.3 °C) colder

text: 6 °F (3.3 °C) colder


text: Like most Slavic languages, there are mostly three genders for nouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter, a distinction which is still present even in the plural (unlike Russian and, in part, the Čakavian dialect). They also have two numbers: singular and plural. However, some consider there to be three numbers (paucal or dual, too), since (still preserved in closely related Slovene) after two (dva, dvije/dve), three (tri) and four (četiri), and all numbers ending in them (e.g. twenty-two, ninety-three, one hundred four) the genitive singular is used, and after all other numbers five (pet) and up, the genitive plural is used. (The number one [jedan] is treated as an adjective.) Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify and must agree in both case and number with it.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: Like

text: most

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: there

text: are

text: mostly

text: three

text: genders

text: for

text: nouns

text: masculine

text: feminine

text: and

text: neuter

text: a

text: distinction

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: present

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: plural

text: unlike

text: Russian

text: and

text: in

text: part

text: the

text: Čakavian

text: dialect

text: They

text: also

text: have

text: two

text: numbers

text: singular

text: and

text: plural

text: However

text: some

text: consider

text: there

text: to

text: be

text: three

text: numbers

text: paucal

text: or

text: dual

text: too

text: since

text: still

text: preserved

text: in

text: closely

text: related

text: Slovene

text: after

text: two

text: dva

text: dvije

text: dve

text: three

text: tri

text: and

text: four

text: četiri

text: and

text: all

text: numbers

text: ending

text: in

text: them

text: e.g.

text: twenty

text: two

text: ninety

text: three

text: one

text: hundred

text: four

text: the

text: genitive

text: singular

text: is

text: used

text: and

text: after

text: all

text: other

text: numbers

text: five

text: pet

text: and

text: up

text: the

text: genitive

text: plural

text: is

text: used

text: The

text: number

text: one

text: jedan

text: is

text: treated

text: as

text: an

text: adjective

text: Adjectives

text: are

text: placed

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: noun

text: they

text: modify

text: and

text: must

text: agree

text: in

text: both

text: case

text: and

text: number

text: with

text: it

question: What three noun genders does Serbo-Croatian have?

answer: masculine, feminine, and neuter

text: masculine, feminine, and neuter

question: Where are adjectives properly placed in the Serbo-Croatian language?

answer: in front of the noun they modify

text: in front of the noun they modify

question: Which number in the Serbo-Croatian language is treated as an adjective?

answer: one [jedan]

text: one [jedan]

question: What three genders does Slovene have?

text: masculine, feminine, and neuter

question: What type of numbers are in Russian?

text: singular and plural

question: What are the three numbers treated as in Slavic languages?

text: an adjective

question: In Russian where are adjectives placed?

text: in front of the noun they modify

question: In Slavic languages what must singular and plural numbers do when in front of a noun?

text: must agree


text: According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean populations. Sanchez et al. (2005) observed the M78 subclade of E1b1b in about 77% of their Somali male samples. According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya. After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M70). It is observed in slightly more than 10% of Somali males. Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among populations of Northeast Africa, North Africa, the Near East and the Mediterranean.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: According

text: to

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: studies

text: by

text: Sanchez

text: et

text: al

text: Cruciani

text: et

text: al

text: the

text: Somalis

text: are

text: paternally

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: other

text: Afro

text: Asiatic

text: speaking

text: groups

text: in

text: Northeast

text: Africa

text: Besides

text: comprising

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Y

text: DNA

text: in

text: Somalis

text: the

text: formerly

text: haplogroup

text: also

text: makes

text: up

text: a

text: significant

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: paternal

text: DNA

text: of

text: Ethiopians

text: Sudanese

text: Egyptians

text: Berbers

text: North

text: African

text: Arabs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: Mediterranean

text: populations

text: Sanchez

text: et

text: al

text: observed

text: the

text: subclade

text: of

text: in

text: about

text: of

text: their

text: Somali

text: male

text: samples

text: According

text: to

text: Cruciani

text: et

text: al

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: this

text: subhaplogroup

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: region

text: may

text: represent

text: the

text: traces

text: of

text: an

text: ancient

text: migration

text: from

text: Egypt

text: Libya

text: After

text: haplogroup

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: frequently

text: occurring

text: Y

text: DNA

text: haplogroup

text: among

text: Somalis

text: is

text: the

text: West

text: Asian

text: haplogroup

text: T

text: It

text: is

text: observed

text: in

text: slightly

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: Somali

text: males

text: Haplogroup

text: T

text: like

text: haplogroup

text: is

text: also

text: typically

text: found

text: among

text: populations

text: of

text: Northeast

text: Africa

text: North

text: Africa

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

question: In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity?

answer: 2005

question: What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to?

answer: Afro-Asiatic

text: Afro-Asiatic

question: What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis?

answer: E1b1b1a

question: Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?

answer: Egypt/Libya

text: Egypt/Libya

question: What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?

answer: 77%


text: Nationalists have conflicting views about the language(s). The nationalists among the Croats conflictingly claim either that they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians or that these two peoples have, due to the longer lexicographic tradition among Croats, somehow "borrowed" their standard languages from them.[citation needed] Bosniak nationalists claim that both Croats and Serbs have "appropriated" the Bosnian language, since Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadžić preferred the Neoštokavian-Ijekavian dialect, widely spoken in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as the basis for language standardization, whereas the nationalists among the Serbs claim either that any divergence in the language is artificial, or claim that the Štokavian dialect is theirs and the Čakavian Croats'— in more extreme formulations Croats have "taken" or "stolen" their language from the Serbs.[citation needed]

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: Nationalists

text: have

text: conflicting

text: views

text: about

text: the

text: language(s

text: The

text: nationalists

text: among

text: the

text: Croats

text: conflictingly

text: claim

text: either

text: that

text: they

text: speak

text: an

text: entirely

text: separate

text: language

text: from

text: Serbs

text: and

text: Bosnians

text: or

text: that

text: these

text: two

text: peoples

text: have

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: longer

text: lexicographic

text: tradition

text: among

text: Croats

text: somehow

text: borrowed

text: their

text: standard

text: languages

text: from

text: them.[citation

text: needed

text: Bosniak

text: nationalists

text: claim

text: that

text: both

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

text: have

text: appropriated

text: the

text: Bosnian

text: language

text: since

text: Ljudevit

text: Gaj

text: and

text: Vuk

text: Karadžić

text: preferred

text: the

text: Neoštokavian

text: Ijekavian

text: dialect

text: widely

text: spoken

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: as

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: language

text: standardization

text: whereas

text: the

text: nationalists

text: among

text: the

text: Serbs

text: claim

text: either

text: that

text: any

text: divergence

text: in

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: artificial

text: or

text: claim

text: that

text: the

text: Štokavian

text: dialect

text: is

text: theirs

text: and

text: the

text: Čakavian

text: Croats'—

text: in

text: more

text: extreme

text: formulations

text: Croats

text: have

text: taken

text: or

text: stolen

text: their

text: language

text: from

text: the

text: Serbs.[citation

text: needed

question: What opinions do Croatian Nationalists have on the language issue?

answer: they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians

text: they speak an entirely separate language from Serbs and Bosnians

question: Which language did Ljudevit Gaj and Vuk Karadzic prefer?

answer: Neoštokavian-Ijekavian

text: Neoštokavian-Ijekavian

question: Where is the Neostokavian-Ijekavian language predominantely spoken?

answer: Bosnia and Herzegovina

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina

question: How do Serbian nationalists feel about the Croatians using their language?

answer: Croats have "taken" or "stolen" their language

text: Croats have "taken" or "stolen" their language

question: What do Bosnians have conflicting views on?

text: the language(s)

question: Who claims that the Stokavian dialect has appropriated the Bosnian language?

text: Bosniak nationalists

question: What do Cakavian Croats claim about language divergence?

question: What do Bosnians claim in extreme formulations about language?

question: What is one thing Neostokavian nationalists claim about Serbs and Bosnians?


text: In a video posted on July 21, 2009, YouTube software engineer Peter Bradshaw announced that YouTube users can now upload 3D videos. The videos can be viewed in several different ways, including the common anaglyph (cyan/red lens) method which utilizes glasses worn by the viewer to achieve the 3D effect. The YouTube Flash player can display stereoscopic content interleaved in rows, columns or a checkerboard pattern, side-by-side or anaglyph using a red/cyan, green/magenta or blue/yellow combination. In May 2011, an HTML5 version of the YouTube player began supporting side-by-side 3D footage that is compatible with Nvidia 3D Vision.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: In

text: a

text: video

text: posted

text: on

text: July

text: YouTube

text: software

text: engineer

text: Peter

text: Bradshaw

text: announced

text: that

text: YouTube

text: users

text: can

text: now

text: upload

text: videos

text: The

text: videos

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: in

text: several

text: different

text: ways

text: including

text: the

text: common

text: anaglyph

text: cyan

text: red

text: lens

text: method

text: which

text: utilizes

text: glasses

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: viewer

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: effect

text: The

text: YouTube

text: Flash

text: player

text: can

text: display

text: stereoscopic

text: content

text: interleaved

text: in

text: rows

text: columns

text: or

text: a

text: checkerboard

text: pattern

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: or

text: anaglyph

text: using

text: a

text: red

text: cyan

text: green

text: magenta

text: or

text: blue

text: yellow

text: combination

text: In

text: May

text: an

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: YouTube

text: player

text: began

text: supporting

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: footage

text: that

text: is

text: compatible

text: with

text: Nvidia

text: Vision

question: Peter Bradshaw held what position in youtube?

answer: software engineer

text: software engineer

question: What type of videos did youtube officially start supporting in July 2009?

answer: 3D

question: What is the name for the common method of viewing a 3d movie, with red and blue glasses?

answer: anaglyph

text: anaglyph

question: When did HTML5 officially support side-by-side 3D footage?

answer: In May 2011

text: In May 2011

question: What was announced by Peter Bradshaw on May 21, 2009?

text: YouTube users can now upload 3D videos

question: What did YouTube begin supporting in July 2011?

question: What ways can all YouTube videos be viewed?


text: As of the 2000 United States census, there were 276,093 persons (July 2008 estimate was 380,173) and 61,371 families residing in Raleigh. The population density was 2,409.2 people per square mile (930.2/km²). There were 120,699 housing units at an average density of 1,053.2 per square mile (406.7/km²). The racial composition of the city was: 63.31% White, 27.80% Black or African American, 7.01% Hispanic or Latino American, 3.38% Asian American, 0.36% Native American, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 3.24% some other race, and 1.88% two or more races.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: census

text: there

text: were

text: persons

text: July

text: estimate

text: was

text: and

text: families

text: residing

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: The

text: population

text: density

text: was

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: There

text: were

text: housing

text: units

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: density

text: of

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: The

text: racial

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: White

text: Black

text: or

text: African

text: American

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: American

text: Asian

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: Native

text: Hawaiian

text: or

text: Other

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: some

text: other

text: race

text: and

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

question: How many families lived in Raleigh in 2000?

answer: 61,371

question: What is the population density of Raleigh?

answer: 2,409.2 people per square mile

text: 2,409.2 people per square mile

question: How many housing units were in Raleigh?

answer: 120,699 housing

text: 120,699 housing

question: What percentage of people in Raleigh are white?

answer: 63.31%

question: How many Native Hawaiian are in Raleigh?

answer: 0.04%

question: How many families moved out of Raleigh in 2000?

question: How many housing units were destroyed in Raleigh?

question: What percentage of Native Americans left Raleigh?

question: What percentage are three or more races?

question: What was the June 2008 estimated population?


text: The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period. Dewpoints in the warm months range from 71.9 °F (22.2 °C) in June to 73.7 °F (23.2 °C) in August.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: The

text: wet

text: season

text: begins

text: some

text: time

text: in

text: May

text: ending

text: in

text: mid

text: October

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: temperatures

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: low

text: C

text: accompanied

text: by

text: high

text: humidity

text: though

text: the

text: heat

text: is

text: often

text: relieved

text: by

text: afternoon

text: thunderstorms

text: or

text: a

text: sea

text: breeze

text: that

text: develops

text: off

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: which

text: then

text: allow

text: lower

text: temperatures

text: but

text: conditions

text: still

text: remain

text: very

text: muggy

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: 's

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: rainfall

text: occurs

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: Dewpoints

text: in

text: the

text: warm

text: months

text: range

text: from

text: F

text: C

text: in

text: June

text: to

text: F

text: C

text: in

text: August

question: When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?

answer: May

text: May

question: What month sees the end of the wet season in Miami?

answer: October

text: October

question: In degrees Celsius, what is the range of temperatures during the wet season?

answer: 29–35

question: How many millimeters of rain fall on Miami annually?

answer: 1,420

question: What is the typical August dew point in degrees Fahrenheit?

answer: 73.7

question: When isn't the beginning of Miami's wet season?

text: May

question: What month never sees the end of the wet season in Miami?

text: October

question: In degrees Celsius, what isn't the range of temperatures during the wet season?

text: 29–35 °C

question: How many centimeters of rain fall on Miami annually?

question: What isn't the typical August dew point in degrees Fahrenheit?

text: 73.7 °F


text: Several animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found in most other phyla. Their cells are differentiated, but in most cases not organized into distinct tissues. Sponges typically feed by drawing in water through pores. However, a series of phylogenomic studies from 2008-2015 have found support for Ctenophora, or comb jellies, as the basal lineage of animals. This result has been controversial, since it would imply that that sponges may not be so primitive, but may instead be secondarily simplified. Other researchers have argued that the placement of Ctenophora as the earliest-diverging animal phylum is a statistical anomaly caused by the high rate of evolution in ctenophore genomes.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Several

text: animal

text: phyla

text: are

text: recognized

text: for

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: bilateral

text: symmetry

text: and

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: diverged

text: from

text: other

text: animals

text: early

text: in

text: evolution

text: Among

text: these

text: the

text: sponges

text: Porifera

text: were

text: long

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: diverged

text: first

text: representing

text: the

text: oldest

text: animal

text: phylum

text: They

text: lack

text: the

text: complex

text: organization

text: found

text: in

text: most

text: other

text: phyla

text: Their

text: cells

text: are

text: differentiated

text: but

text: in

text: most

text: cases

text: not

text: organized

text: into

text: distinct

text: tissues

text: Sponges

text: typically

text: feed

text: by

text: drawing

text: in

text: water

text: through

text: pores

text: However

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: phylogenomic

text: studies

text: from

text: have

text: found

text: support

text: for

text: Ctenophora

text: or

text: comb

text: jellies

text: as

text: the

text: basal

text: lineage

text: of

text: animals

text: This

text: result

text: has

text: been

text: controversial

text: since

text: it

text: would

text: imply

text: that

text: that

text: sponges

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: so

text: primitive

text: but

text: may

text: instead

text: be

text: secondarily

text: simplified

text: Other

text: researchers

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: Ctenophora

text: as

text: the

text: earliest

text: diverging

text: animal

text: phylum

text: is

text: a

text: statistical

text: anomaly

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: evolution

text: in

text: ctenophore

text: genomes

question: Animal phyla that are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry are thought to have come from where?

answer: other animals early in evolution

text: other animals early in evolution

question: Which animal represents the oldest animal phyla?

answer: sponges

text: sponges

question: How do sponges typically feed?

answer: drawing in water through pores

text: drawing in water through pores

question: During what time were a series of phylogenomic studies conducted that found support for comb jellies as the basal lineage of animals?

answer: 2008-2015


text: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other. For the first time, aiming to curtail Britain and Prussia's ever-growing might, France formed a grand coalition of its own, which ended with failure as Britain rose as the world's predominant power, altering the European balance of power.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: was

text: fought

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: conflict

text: occurring

text: in

text: the

text: seven

text: year

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: involved

text: every

text: great

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: except

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: affected

text: Europe

text: the

text: Americas

text: West

text: Africa

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Considered

text: a

text: prelude

text: to

text: the

text: two

text: world

text: wars

text: and

text: the

text: greatest

text: European

text: war

text: since

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: once

text: again

text: split

text: Europe

text: into

text: two

text: coalitions

text: led

text: by

text: Great

text: Britain

text: on

text: one

text: side

text: and

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: aiming

text: to

text: curtail

text: Britain

text: and

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: ever

text: growing

text: might

text: France

text: formed

text: a

text: grand

text: coalition

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: which

text: ended

text: with

text: failure

text: as

text: Britain

text: rose

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: predominant

text: power

text: altering

text: the

text: European

text: balance

text: of

text: power

question: What countries led the two coalitions during the Seven Years' War?

answer: two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France

text: two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France

question: When was the Seven Year' War fought?

answer: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764

text: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764

question: What major power of the time was not involved in The Seven Years' War?

answer: It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire

text: It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire

question: What country emerged as the world's predominate power?

answer: Britain rose as the world's predominant power

text: Britain rose as the world's predominant power

question: What was the Seven Years' War considered as the prelude to?

answer: Considered a prelude to the two world wars

text: Considered a prelude to the two world wars


text: According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: demographic

text: analysis

text: reported

text: by

text: Peter

text: Harvey

text: Mahayana

text: has

text: million

text: adherents

text: Theravada

text: has

text: million

text: adherents

text: and

text: Vajrayana

text: has

text: million

text: adherents

text: Seven

text: million

text: additional

text: Buddhists

text: are

text: found

text: outside

text: of

text: Asia

question: How may adherents does Mahayana have?

answer: 360 million

text: 360 million

question: How many adherents does Thervada have?

answer: 150 million

text: 150 million

question: How many Buddists are outside of Asia?

answer: Seven million

text: Seven million


text: Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns called zurias for the women, and long white shirts accompanied by white pants for the men. In Muslim communities in the Eritrean lowland, the women traditionally dress in brightly colored clothes. Only Rashaida women maintain a tradition of covering half of their faces, though they do not cover their hair.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: Traditional

text: Eritrean

text: attire

text: is

text: quite

text: varied

text: among

text: the

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: In

text: the

text: larger

text: cities

text: most

text: people

text: dress

text: in

text: Western

text: casual

text: dress

text: such

text: as

text: jeans

text: and

text: shirts

text: In

text: offices

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: often

text: dress

text: in

text: suits

text: Traditional

text: clothing

text: for

text: Christian

text: Tigrinya

text: speaking

text: highlanders

text: consists

text: of

text: bright

text: white

text: gowns

text: called

text: zurias

text: for

text: the

text: women

text: and

text: long

text: white

text: shirts

text: accompanied

text: by

text: white

text: pants

text: for

text: the

text: men

text: In

text: Muslim

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: lowland

text: the

text: women

text: traditionally

text: dress

text: in

text: brightly

text: colored

text: clothes

text: Only

text: Rashaida

text: women

text: maintain

text: a

text: tradition

text: of

text: covering

text: half

text: of

text: their

text: faces

text: though

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: cover

text: their

text: hair

question: How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?

answer: Western casual

text: Western casual

question: How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?

answer: suits

text: suits

question: What are zurias, the traditional clothes still worn by Christian highlander women in Eritrea?

answer: bright white gowns

text: bright white gowns

question: How do women in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean lowland dress?

answer: in brightly colored clothes

text: in brightly colored clothes

question: Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?

answer: Rashaida women

text: Rashaida women

question: What do Muslims in the highlands wear?

text: casual dress such as jeans and shirts

question: What do Christians in the Eritrean lowland wear?

text: suits

question: What women in Eritrea cover their hair?

text: Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders

question: What men in Eritrea cover their hair?

text: Muslim

question: What do Rashaida women generally wear?

text: bright white gowns


text: According to reciprocity, the efficiency of an antenna used as a receiving antenna is identical to the efficiency as defined above. The power that an antenna will deliver to a receiver (with a proper impedance match) is reduced by the same amount. In some receiving applications, the very inefficient antennas may have little impact on performance. At low frequencies, for example, atmospheric or man-made noise can mask antenna inefficiency. For example, CCIR Rep. 258-3 indicates man-made noise in a residential setting at 40 MHz is about 28 dB above the thermal noise floor. Consequently, an antenna with a 20 dB loss (due to inefficiency) would have little impact on system noise performance. The loss within the antenna will affect the intended signal and the noise/interference identically, leading to no reduction in signal to noise ratio (SNR).

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: According

text: to

text: reciprocity

text: the

text: efficiency

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: receiving

text: antenna

text: is

text: identical

text: to

text: the

text: efficiency

text: as

text: defined

text: above

text: The

text: power

text: that

text: an

text: antenna

text: will

text: deliver

text: to

text: a

text: receiver

text: with

text: a

text: proper

text: impedance

text: match

text: is

text: reduced

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: amount

text: In

text: some

text: receiving

text: applications

text: the

text: very

text: inefficient

text: antennas

text: may

text: have

text: little

text: impact

text: on

text: performance

text: At

text: low

text: frequencies

text: for

text: example

text: atmospheric

text: or

text: man

text: made

text: noise

text: can

text: mask

text: antenna

text: inefficiency

text: For

text: example

text: CCIR

text: Rep.

text: indicates

text: man

text: made

text: noise

text: in

text: a

text: residential

text: setting

text: at

text: MHz

text: is

text: about

text: dB

text: above

text: the

text: thermal

text: noise

text: floor

text: Consequently

text: an

text: antenna

text: with

text: a

text: dB

text: loss

text: due

text: to

text: inefficiency

text: would

text: have

text: little

text: impact

text: on

text: system

text: noise

text: performance

text: The

text: loss

text: within

text: the

text: antenna

text: will

text: affect

text: the

text: intended

text: signal

text: and

text: the

text: noise

text: interference

text: identically

text: leading

text: to

text: no

text: reduction

text: in

text: signal

text: to

text: noise

text: ratio

text: SNR

question: In what type of programs would low efficiency antennas not make a difference in effectiveness?

answer: receiving

text: receiving

question: At lesser frequencies what can account for incorrect assumptions about efficiency?

answer: man-made noise

text: man-made noise

question: What is the median level for measuring atmospheric noise?

answer: thermal noise floor

text: thermal noise floor

question: What is SNR?

answer: signal to noise ratio

text: signal to noise ratio


text: Longstanding political tensions from the 27 year rule of William Tubman resulted in a military coup in 1980 that overthrew the leadership soon after his death, marking the beginning of political instability. Five years of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of civilian rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia were followed by the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars. These resulted in the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy. A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005. Recovery proceeds but about 85% of the population live below the international poverty line.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: Longstanding

text: political

text: tensions

text: from

text: the

text: year

text: rule

text: of

text: William

text: Tubman

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: military

text: coup

text: in

text: that

text: overthrew

text: the

text: leadership

text: soon

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: political

text: instability

text: Five

text: years

text: of

text: military

text: rule

text: by

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Redemption

text: Council

text: and

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: civilian

text: rule

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: of

text: Liberia

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Liberian

text: Civil

text: Wars

text: These

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: deaths

text: and

text: displacement

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: devastated

text: Liberia

text: 's

text: economy

text: A

text: peace

text: agreement

text: in

text: led

text: to

text: democratic

text: elections

text: in

text: Recovery

text: proceeds

text: but

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: below

text: the

text: international

text: poverty

text: line

question: How long did william tubman rule?

answer: 27 year

text: 27 year

question: In what year did a military coupe overthrow leadership leading to william tubmans death?

answer: 1980

question: How long was the rule of the peoples redemption council?

answer: five years

text: five years

question: How long was the rule of the national democratic party?

answer: five years

text: five years

question: What did the liberian civil war result in?

answer: the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy.

text: the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy.

question: How old did William Tubman live to be?

question: How many people live in the capitol of Liberia?

text: more than half a million people

question: When were the first democratic elections held in Liberia?

question: What started the First Liberian Civil War?

text: National Democratic Party of Liberia

question: What percentage of Liberians live in poverty?


text: Following Syria's secession, Nasser grew concerned with Amer's inability to train and modernize the army, and with the state within a state Amer had created in the military command and intelligence apparatus. In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer. Moreover, he instructed that the primary criterion for promotion should be merit and not personal loyalties. Nasser retracted the initiative after Amer's allies in the officers corps threatened to mobilize against him.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Following

text: Syria

text: 's

text: secession

text: Nasser

text: grew

text: concerned

text: with

text: Amer

text: 's

text: inability

text: to

text: train

text: and

text: modernize

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: state

text: within

text: a

text: state

text: Amer

text: had

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: command

text: and

text: intelligence

text: apparatus

text: In

text: late

text: Nasser

text: established

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Council

text: and

text: decreed

text: it

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: approve

text: all

text: senior

text: military

text: appointments

text: instead

text: of

text: leaving

text: this

text: responsibility

text: solely

text: to

text: Amer

text: Moreover

text: he

text: instructed

text: that

text: the

text: primary

text: criterion

text: for

text: promotion

text: should

text: be

text: merit

text: and

text: not

text: personal

text: loyalties

text: Nasser

text: retracted

text: the

text: initiative

text: after

text: Amer

text: 's

text: allies

text: in

text: the

text: officers

text: corps

text: threatened

text: to

text: mobilize

text: against

text: him

question: What military entity did Nasser create in 1961?

answer: Presidential Council

text: Presidential Council

question: As opposed to personal loyalty, what basis should military promotions be given, according to Nasser?

answer: merit

text: merit

question: Why did Nasser abandon the Presidential Council?

answer: Amer's allies in the officers corps threatened to mobilize against him

text: Amer's allies in the officers corps threatened to mobilize against him

question: What leader was sidelined by the Presidential Council?

answer: Amer

text: Amer

question: What was the Presidential Council meant to do?

answer: approve all senior military appointments

text: approve all senior military appointments


text: Under Governor Miguel Ahumada, the education system in the state was unified and brought under tighter control by the state government, and the metric system was standardized throughout the state to replace the colonial system of weights and measures. On September 16, 1897, the Civilian Hospital of Chihuahua was inaugurated in Chihuahua City and became known among the best in the country. In 1901 the Heroes Theater (Teatro de los Héroes) opened in Chihuahua City. On August 18, 1904, Governor Terrazas was replaced by Governor Enrique C. Creel. From 1907 to 1911, the Creel administration succeeded in advancing the state's legal system, modernizing the mining industry, and raising public education standards. In 1908 the Chihuahuan State Penitentiary was built, and the construction on the first large scale dam project was initiated on the Chuviscar River. During the same time, the streets of Chihuahua City were paved and numerous monuments were built in Chihuahua City and Ciudad Juárez.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Under

text: Governor

text: Miguel

text: Ahumada

text: the

text: education

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: unified

text: and

text: brought

text: under

text: tighter

text: control

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: metric

text: system

text: was

text: standardized

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: colonial

text: system

text: of

text: weights

text: and

text: measures

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: Civilian

text: Hospital

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: and

text: became

text: known

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: the

text: Heroes

text: Theater

text: Teatro

text: de

text: los

text: Héroes

text: opened

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: On

text: August

text: Governor

text: Terrazas

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Governor

text: Enrique

text: C.

text: Creel

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Creel

text: administration

text: succeeded

text: in

text: advancing

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: legal

text: system

text: modernizing

text: the

text: mining

text: industry

text: and

text: raising

text: public

text: education

text: standards

text: In

text: the

text: Chihuahuan

text: State

text: Penitentiary

text: was

text: built

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: large

text: scale

text: dam

text: project

text: was

text: initiated

text: on

text: the

text: Chuviscar

text: River

text: During

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: were

text: paved

text: and

text: numerous

text: monuments

text: were

text: built

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: and

text: Ciudad

text: Juárez

question: Under which governor was the education system unified?

answer: Miguel Ahumada

text: Miguel Ahumada

question: Which system of measurement was standardized?

answer: metric system

text: metric system

question: What was inaugurated in Chihuahua City on September 16, 1897?

answer: Civilian Hospital

text: Civilian Hospital

question: The first large scale dam project was initiated on which river?

answer: Chuviscar River

text: Chuviscar River


text: Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: theories

text: of

text: special

text: relativity

text: and

text: general

text: relativity

text: He

text: also

text: made

text: important

text: contributions

text: to

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: especially

text: his

text: mathematical

text: treatment

text: of

text: Brownian

text: motion

text: his

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: paradox

text: of

text: specific

text: heats

text: and

text: his

text: connection

text: of

text: fluctuations

text: and

text: dissipation

text: Despite

text: his

text: reservations

text: about

text: its

text: interpretation

text: Einstein

text: also

text: made

text: contributions

text: to

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: and

text: indirectly

text: quantum

text: field

text: theory

text: primarily

text: through

text: his

text: theoretical

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: photon

question: What is Albert Einstein known for?

answer: his theories of special relativity and general relativity

text: his theories of special relativity and general relativity

question: What did Einstein add to the Brownman Motion?

answer: mathematical treatment

text: mathematical treatment

question: What did Einstein discover a resolution to?

answer: the paradox of specific heats

text: the paradox of specific heats

question: What theory  did Einstein have reservations about?

answer: quantum field theory

text: quantum field theory


text: Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some flatbed scanners use arrays of RGB LEDs rather than the typical cold-cathode fluorescent lamp as the light source. Having independent control of three illuminated colors allows the scanner to calibrate itself for more accurate color balance, and there is no need for warm-up. Further, its sensors only need be monochromatic, since at any one time the page being scanned is only lit by one color of light. Since LEDs can also be used as photodiodes, they can be used for both photo emission and detection. This could be used, for example, in a touchscreen that registers reflected light from a finger or stylus. Many materials and biological systems are sensitive to, or dependent on, light. Grow lights use LEDs to increase photosynthesis in plants, and bacteria and viruses can be removed from water and other substances using UV LEDs for sterilization.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Many

text: sensor

text: systems

text: rely

text: on

text: light

text: as

text: the

text: signal

text: source

text: LEDs

text: are

text: often

text: ideal

text: as

text: a

text: light

text: source

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: requirements

text: of

text: the

text: sensors

text: LEDs

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: motion

text: sensors

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: optical

text: computer

text: mice

text: The

text: Nintendo

text: Wii

text: 's

text: sensor

text: bar

text: uses

text: infrared

text: LEDs

text: Pulse

text: oximeters

text: use

text: them

text: for

text: measuring

text: oxygen

text: saturation

text: Some

text: flatbed

text: scanners

text: use

text: arrays

text: of

text: RGB

text: LEDs

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: typical

text: cold

text: cathode

text: fluorescent

text: lamp

text: as

text: the

text: light

text: source

text: Having

text: independent

text: control

text: of

text: three

text: illuminated

text: colors

text: allows

text: the

text: scanner

text: to

text: calibrate

text: itself

text: for

text: more

text: accurate

text: color

text: balance

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: need

text: for

text: warm

text: up

text: Further

text: its

text: sensors

text: only

text: need

text: be

text: monochromatic

text: since

text: at

text: any

text: one

text: time

text: the

text: page

text: being

text: scanned

text: is

text: only

text: lit

text: by

text: one

text: color

text: of

text: light

text: Since

text: LEDs

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: photodiodes

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: both

text: photo

text: emission

text: and

text: detection

text: This

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: a

text: touchscreen

text: that

text: registers

text: reflected

text: light

text: from

text: a

text: finger

text: or

text: stylus

text: Many

text: materials

text: and

text: biological

text: systems

text: are

text: sensitive

text: to

text: or

text: dependent

text: on

text: light

text: Grow

text: lights

text: use

text: LEDs

text: to

text: increase

text: photosynthesis

text: in

text: plants

text: and

text: bacteria

text: and

text: viruses

text: can

text: be

text: removed

text: from

text: water

text: and

text: other

text: substances

text: using

text: UV

text: LEDs

text: for

text: sterilization

question: What video game console uses infrared LEDs?

answer: Nintendo Wii

text: Nintendo Wii

question: What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation?

answer: Pulse oximeters

text: Pulse oximeters

question: Some flatbed scanners use what type of LED?

answer: RGB LEDs

text: RGB LEDs

question: By using LEDs, scanners do not have to what?

answer: warm-up

text: warm-up

question: Grow lights use LEDs for what process?

answer: increase photosynthesis in plants

text: increase photosynthesis in plants

question: What video game console doesn't use infrared LEDs?

text: Nintendo Wii's

question: non- What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation?

text: Pulse oximeters

question: Some flatbed scanners use what type of what?

text: UV LEDs


text: A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: A

text: working

text: group

text: consisting

text: of

text: Leon

text: van

text: de

text: Kerkhof

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: Gerhard

text: Stoll

text: Germany

text: Leonardo

text: Chiariglione

text: Italy

text: Yves

text: François

text: Dehery

text: France

text: Karlheinz

text: Brandenburg

text: Germany

text: and

text: James

text: D.

text: Johnston

text: USA

text: took

text: ideas

text: from

text: ASPEC

text: integrated

text: the

text: filter

text: bank

text: from

text: Layer

text: added

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: ideas

text: and

text: created

text: which

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: same

text: quality

text: at

text: kbit

text: s

text: as

text: at

text: kbit

text: s

question: What did the working group take ideas from?

answer: ASPEC

text: ASPEC

question: What did the working group integrate their ideas with?

answer: filter bank

text: filter bank

question: Where was the filter bank taken from?

answer: Layer 2

text: Layer 2

question: What did the working group eventually create?

answer: MP3

question: What quality were they hoping to match at 128 kbit/s?

answer: MP2 at 192 kbit/s

text: MP2 at 192 kbit/s


text: In December 2009, campaigners in the UK called on two leading high street retailers to stop selling clothes made with cotton which may have been picked by children. Anti-Slavery International and the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) accused H&M and Zara of using cotton suppliers in Bangladesh. It is also suspected that many of their raw materials originates from Uzbekistan, where children aged 10 are forced to work in the fields. The activists were calling to ban the use of Uzbek cotton and implement a "track and trace" systems to guarantee an ethical responsible source of the material.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: December

text: campaigners

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: called

text: on

text: two

text: leading

text: high

text: street

text: retailers

text: to

text: stop

text: selling

text: clothes

text: made

text: with

text: cotton

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: picked

text: by

text: children

text: Anti

text: Slavery

text: International

text: and

text: the

text: Environmental

text: Justice

text: Foundation

text: EJF

text: accused

text: H&M

text: and

text: Zara

text: of

text: using

text: cotton

text: suppliers

text: in

text: Bangladesh

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: suspected

text: that

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: raw

text: materials

text: originates

text: from

text: Uzbekistan

text: where

text: children

text: aged

text: are

text: forced

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: The

text: activists

text: were

text: calling

text: to

text: ban

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Uzbek

text: cotton

text: and

text: implement

text: a

text: track

text: and

text: trace

text: systems

text: to

text: guarantee

text: an

text: ethical

text: responsible

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: material

question: Who accused H&M of using products made by child labours?

answer: Anti-Slavery International and the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF)

text: Anti-Slavery International and the Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF)

question: Who else did they accuse of using child labor products?

answer: Zara

text: Zara

question: What country did the cotton come from that was picked by children?

answer: Bangladesh

text: Bangladesh

question: What are activists trying to get implemented?

answer: "track and trace" systems

text: "track and trace" systems


text: The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: The

text: Japanese

text: launch

text: was

text: followed

text: in

text: March

text: by

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: CD

text: players

text: and

text: discs

text: to

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: where

text: CBS

text: Records

text: released

text: sixteen

text: titles

text: This

text: event

text: is

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: of

text: the

text: digital

text: audio

text: revolution

text: The

text: new

text: audio

text: disc

text: was

text: enthusiastically

text: received

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: adopting

text: classical

text: music

text: and

text: audiophile

text: communities

text: and

text: its

text: handling

text: quality

text: received

text: particular

text: praise

text: As

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: players

text: gradually

text: came

text: down

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: portable

text: Walkman

text: the

text: CD

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: popularity

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: popular

text: and

text: rock

text: music

text: markets

text: The

text: first

text: artist

text: to

text: sell

text: a

text: million

text: copies

text: on

text: CD

text: was

text: Dire

text: Straits

text: with

text: their

text: album

text: Brothers

text: in

text: Arms

text: The

text: first

text: major

text: artist

text: to

text: have

text: his

text: entire

text: catalogue

text: converted

text: to

text: CD

text: was

text: David

text: Bowie

text: whose

text: studio

text: albums

text: were

text: made

text: available

text: by

text: RCA

text: Records

text: in

text: February

text: along

text: with

text: four

text: greatest

text: hits

text: albums

text: In

text: million

text: CDs

text: were

text: manufactured

text: by

text: pressing

text: plants

text: around

text: the

text: world

question: Who first sold a million copies on CD?

answer: Dire Straits

text: Dire Straits

question: Which artist was the first to have their full catalogue converted to CD?

answer: David Bowie

text: David Bowie

question: What year was the Dire Straits album Brothers in Arms released?

answer: 1985

question: How many CDs were mass produced in 1988?

answer: 400 million

text: 400 million

question: How many studio albums did David Bowie release in February 1985?

answer: 15


text: The view of the Roman Catholic Church is that Protestant denominations cannot be considered churches but rather that they are ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities because their ordinances and doctrines are not historically the same as the Catholic sacraments and dogmas, and the Protestant communities have no sacramental ministerial priesthood and therefore lack true apostolic succession. According to Bishop Hilarion (Alfeyev) the Eastern Orthodox Church shares the same view on the subject.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: The

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: that

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: considered

text: churches

text: but

text: rather

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: ecclesial

text: communities

text: or

text: specific

text: faith

text: believing

text: communities

text: because

text: their

text: ordinances

text: and

text: doctrines

text: are

text: not

text: historically

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: Catholic

text: sacraments

text: and

text: dogmas

text: and

text: the

text: Protestant

text: communities

text: have

text: no

text: sacramental

text: ministerial

text: priesthood

text: and

text: therefore

text: lack

text: true

text: apostolic

text: succession

text: According

text: to

text: Bishop

text: Hilarion

text: Alfeyev

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: shares

text: the

text: same

text: view

text: on

text: the

text: subject

question: The Roman Catholic Church considers Protestant denominations to be what?

answer: ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities

text: ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities

question: What is lacking in Protestant priesthood, according to the Roman Catholic Church?

answer: no sacramental ministerial priesthood

text: no sacramental ministerial priesthood

question: What does the Roman Catholic Church say is not comparable to their sacraments and dogmas?

answer: ordinances and doctrines

text: ordinances and doctrines

question: What other Church shares the Roman Catholic view on Protestant churches?

answer: Eastern Orthodox

text: Eastern Orthodox

question: What is lacking in Protestantism, according to the Roman Catholic Church?

answer: true apostolic succession

text: true apostolic succession


text: Beyoncé has received praise for her stage presence and voice during live performances. Jarett Wieselman of the New York Post placed her at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers. According to Barbara Ellen of The Guardian Beyoncé is the most in-charge female artist she's seen onstage, while Alice Jones of The Independent wrote she "takes her role as entertainer so seriously she's almost too good." The ex-President of Def Jam L.A. Reid has described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive. Jim Farber of the Daily News and Stephanie Classen of Star Phoenix both praised her strong voice and her stage presence.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: has

text: received

text: praise

text: for

text: her

text: stage

text: presence

text: and

text: voice

text: during

text: live

text: performances

text: Jarett

text: Wieselman

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Post

text: placed

text: her

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: on

text: her

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: Five

text: Best

text: Singer

text: Dancers

text: According

text: to

text: Barbara

text: Ellen

text: of

text: The

text: Guardian

text: Beyoncé

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: in

text: charge

text: female

text: artist

text: she

text: 's

text: seen

text: onstage

text: while

text: Alice

text: Jones

text: of

text: The

text: Independent

text: wrote

text: she

text: takes

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: entertainer

text: so

text: seriously

text: she

text: 's

text: almost

text: too

text: good

text: The

text: ex

text: President

text: of

text: Def

text: Jam

text: L.A.

text: Reid

text: has

text: described

text: Beyoncé

text: as

text: the

text: greatest

text: entertainer

text: alive

text: Jim

text: Farber

text: of

text: the

text: Daily

text: News

text: and

text: Stephanie

text: Classen

text: of

text: Star

text: Phoenix

text: both

text: praised

text: her

text: strong

text: voice

text: and

text: her

text: stage

text: presence

question: What characteristics has Beyonce received acclaim for?

answer: stage presence and voice

text: stage presence and voice

question: Which former president of Def Jam called Beyonce the greatest entertainer alive?

answer: L.A. Reid

text: L.A. Reid

question: For what does Beyonce receive praise?

answer: stage presence

text: stage presence

question: Who chose her as number one on his list of Best singers/ Dancers?

answer: Jarett Wieselman

text: Jarett Wieselman

question: How has L.A. Reid described her?

answer: greatest entertainer alive

text: greatest entertainer alive

question: How does Alice Jones describe her?

answer: she's almost too good

text: she's almost too good

question: Who has Beyoncé at number one on her Five Best Singer/Dancers?

answer: Jarett Wieselman

text: Jarett Wieselman

question: Who has said that Beyoncé is the best entertainer alive?

answer: L.A. Reid

text: L.A. Reid


text: At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6, a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes. Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion. In the House of Representatives, the motion was supported by 31 Democrats. It was opposed by 178 Republicans, 88 Democrats and one independent. Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats. Four people elected to the House had not yet taken office, and one seat was vacant. In the Senate, it was supported only by its maker, Senator Boxer, with 74 Senators opposed and 25 not voting. During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote. Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: At

text: the

text: official

text: counting

text: of

text: the

text: electoral

text: votes

text: on

text: January

text: a

text: motion

text: was

text: made

text: contesting

text: Ohio

text: 's

text: electoral

text: votes

text: Because

text: the

text: motion

text: was

text: supported

text: by

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: member

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: and

text: the

text: Senate

text: election

text: law

text: mandated

text: that

text: each

text: house

text: retire

text: to

text: debate

text: and

text: vote

text: on

text: the

text: motion

text: In

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: the

text: motion

text: was

text: supported

text: by

text: Democrats

text: It

text: was

text: opposed

text: by

text: Republicans

text: Democrats

text: and

text: one

text: independent

text: Not

text: voting

text: were

text: Republicans

text: and

text: Democrats

text: Four

text: people

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: House

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: taken

text: office

text: and

text: one

text: seat

text: was

text: vacant

text: In

text: the

text: Senate

text: it

text: was

text: supported

text: only

text: by

text: its

text: maker

text: Senator

text: Boxer

text: with

text: Senators

text: opposed

text: and

text: not

text: voting

text: During

text: the

text: debate

text: no

text: Senator

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: election

text: should

text: be

text: changed

text: by

text: either

text: court

text: challenge

text: or

text: revote

text: Senator

text: Boxer

text: claimed

text: that

text: she

text: had

text: made

text: the

text: motion

text: not

text: to

text: challenge

text: the

text: outcome

text: but

text: to

text: shed

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: truth

text: on

text: these

text: irregularities

question: Was there any debate about the voting process in Ohio?

answer: a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes

text: a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes

question: What was the decision regarding the motion to re-count the votes, after each House finalized their debates?

answer: During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote

text: During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote

question: Who was the lone supporter of the motion, from the Senate?

answer: Senator Boxer

text: Senator Boxer

question: Why did Senator Boxer say she voted the way she did?

answer: Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

text: Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

question: How many people from the House of Representatives did not vote?

answer: Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats

text: Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats

question: When was Boxer elected to office?

text: January 6

question: Why did Republicans say they made the motion to contest Boxer?

question: What did the four house officials who hadn't take office yet argue about the election?

question: What happened before four senators took office in Ohio?

question: What did the 31 Democrats in the House say they had not made the motion for?

text: to challenge the outcome


text: Returning to the basic concept of current flows in a conductor, consider what happens if a half-wave dipole is not connected to a feed point, but instead shorted out. Electrically this forms a single 1⁄2-wavelength element. But the overall current pattern is the same; the current will be zero at the two ends, and reach a maximum in the center. Thus signals near the design frequency will continue to create a standing wave pattern. Any varying electrical current, like the standing wave in the element, will radiate a signal. In this case, aside from resistive losses in the element, the rebroadcast signal will be significantly similar to the original signal in both magnitude and shape. If this element is placed so its signal reaches the main dipole in-phase, it will reinforce the original signal, and increase the current in the dipole. Elements used in this way are known as passive elements.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Returning

text: to

text: the

text: basic

text: concept

text: of

text: current

text: flows

text: in

text: a

text: conductor

text: consider

text: what

text: happens

text: if

text: a

text: half

text: wave

text: dipole

text: is

text: not

text: connected

text: to

text: a

text: feed

text: point

text: but

text: instead

text: shorted

text: out

text: Electrically

text: this

text: forms

text: a

text: single

text: element

text: But

text: the

text: overall

text: current

text: pattern

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: the

text: current

text: will

text: be

text: zero

text: at

text: the

text: two

text: ends

text: and

text: reach

text: a

text: maximum

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: Thus

text: signals

text: near

text: the

text: design

text: frequency

text: will

text: continue

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: standing

text: wave

text: pattern

text: Any

text: varying

text: electrical

text: current

text: like

text: the

text: standing

text: wave

text: in

text: the

text: element

text: will

text: radiate

text: a

text: signal

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: aside

text: from

text: resistive

text: losses

text: in

text: the

text: element

text: the

text: rebroadcast

text: signal

text: will

text: be

text: significantly

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: signal

text: in

text: both

text: magnitude

text: and

text: shape

text: If

text: this

text: element

text: is

text: placed

text: so

text: its

text: signal

text: reaches

text: the

text: main

text: dipole

text: in

text: phase

text: it

text: will

text: reinforce

text: the

text: original

text: signal

text: and

text: increase

text: the

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: dipole

text: Elements

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: passive

text: elements

question: What is a half wave dipole need to be coupled with in most instances?

answer: feed point

text: feed point

question: What part of the current is usually strongest?

answer: center

text: center

question: What does this result in?

answer: standing wave pattern

text: standing wave pattern

question: Element used to provide support to the original signal are called?

answer: passive elements

text: passive elements