text: The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: The

text: British

text: Architectural

text: Library

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: RIBA

text: Library

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: upon

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: institute

text: with

text: donations

text: from

text: members

text: Now

text: with

text: over

text: four

text: million

text: items

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: largest

text: architectural

text: libraries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: Some

text: items

text: from

text: the

text: collections

text: are

text: on

text: permanent

text: display

text: at

text: the

text: Victoria

text: and

text: Albert

text: Museum

text: V&A

text: in

text: the

text: V&A

text: RIBA

text: Architecture

text: Gallery

text: and

text: included

text: in

text: temporary

text: exhibitions

text: at

text: the

text: RIBA

text: and

text: across

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: collections

text: include

question: What is another name for the Royal Institute Library?

answer: The British Architectural Library

text: The British Architectural Library

question: When was the RIBA library founded?

answer: 1834

question: How many materials are housed in the RIBA library?

answer: over four million

text: over four million

question: The British Architectural Library is the biggest library of its kind in which continent?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: In what institution are some materials from the RIBA collection located?

answer: Victoria and Albert Museum

text: Victoria and Albert Museum

question: What is a prohibited name for the Royal Institute Library?

text: The British Architectural Library

question: When was the RIBA library removed?

question: How many materials are burned in the RIBA library?

text: over four million

question: Which continent has The British Architectural Library as the smallest library?

text: Europe

question: What institution has none of materials from the RIBA collection?

text: Victoria and Albert Museum


text: The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26, after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to Antioch where they taught the disciples for about a year, the text says: "[...] the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28, where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle, "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian." The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers: "Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf."

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: The

text: first

text: recorded

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: or

text: its

text: cognates

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: in

text: Acts

text: after

text: Barnabas

text: brought

text: Saul

text: Paul

text: to

text: Antioch

text: where

text: they

text: taught

text: the

text: disciples

text: for

text: about

text: a

text: year

text: the

text: text

text: says

text: the

text: disciples

text: were

text: called

text: Christians

text: first

text: in

text: Antioch

text: The

text: second

text: mention

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: follows

text: in

text: Acts

text: where

text: Herod

text: Agrippa

text: II

text: replied

text: to

text: Paul

text: the

text: Apostle

text: Then

text: Agrippa

text: said

text: unto

text: Paul

text: Almost

text: thou

text: persuadest

text: me

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Christian

text: The

text: third

text: and

text: final

text: New

text: Testament

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: in

text: Peter

text: which

text: exhorts

text: believers

text: Yet

text: if

text: any

text: man

text: suffer

text: as

text: a

text: Christian

text: let

text: him

text: not

text: be

text: ashamed

text: but

text: let

text: him

text: glorify

text: God

text: on

text: this

text: behalf

question: Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible?

answer: Acts 11:26

text: Acts 11:26

question: Who made the second reference to the word Christian in the Bible?

answer: Herod Agrippa II

text: Herod Agrippa II

question: When verse was the third mention?

answer: Peter 4:16

text: Peter 4:16

question: In which book of the old testament is the first known usage of the term?

text: Acts

question: For how long did Antioch and Paul teach disciples?

text: about a year

question: Where was the fourth and final mention of the term?

text: 1 Peter 4:16,

question: In which book of the Old Testament does Paul reply to Herod Agrippa?

text: Acts

question: Where was Peter first called Christians?

text: Antioch


text: Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary. This process begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive structure), germinates, and grows a long pollen tube. While this pollen tube is growing, a haploid generative cell travels down the tube behind the tube nucleus. The generative cell divides by mitosis to produce two haploid (n) sperm cells. As the pollen tube grows, it makes its way from the stigma, down the style and into the ovary. Here the pollen tube reaches the micropyle of the ovule and digests its way into one of the synergids, releasing its contents (which include the sperm cells). The synergid that the cells were released into degenerates and one sperm makes its way to fertilize the egg cell, producing a diploid (2n) zygote. The second sperm cell fuses with both central cell nuclei, producing a triploid (3n) cell. As the zygote develops into an embryo, the triploid cell develops into the endosperm, which serves as the embryo's food supply. The ovary now will develop into fruit and the ovule will develop into seed.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: Double

text: fertilization

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: sperm

text: cells

text: fertilize

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: ovary

text: This

text: process

text: begins

text: when

text: a

text: pollen

text: grain

text: adheres

text: to

text: the

text: stigma

text: of

text: the

text: pistil

text: female

text: reproductive

text: structure

text: germinates

text: and

text: grows

text: a

text: long

text: pollen

text: tube

text: While

text: this

text: pollen

text: tube

text: is

text: growing

text: a

text: haploid

text: generative

text: cell

text: travels

text: down

text: the

text: tube

text: behind

text: the

text: tube

text: nucleus

text: The

text: generative

text: cell

text: divides

text: by

text: mitosis

text: to

text: produce

text: two

text: haploid

text: n

text: sperm

text: cells

text: As

text: the

text: pollen

text: tube

text: grows

text: it

text: makes

text: its

text: way

text: from

text: the

text: stigma

text: down

text: the

text: style

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: ovary

text: Here

text: the

text: pollen

text: tube

text: reaches

text: the

text: micropyle

text: of

text: the

text: ovule

text: and

text: digests

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: synergids

text: releasing

text: its

text: contents

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: sperm

text: cells

text: The

text: synergid

text: that

text: the

text: cells

text: were

text: released

text: into

text: degenerates

text: and

text: one

text: sperm

text: makes

text: its

text: way

text: to

text: fertilize

text: the

text: egg

text: cell

text: producing

text: a

text: diploid

text: zygote

text: The

text: second

text: sperm

text: cell

text: fuses

text: with

text: both

text: central

text: cell

text: nuclei

text: producing

text: a

text: triploid

text: cell

text: As

text: the

text: zygote

text: develops

text: into

text: an

text: embryo

text: the

text: triploid

text: cell

text: develops

text: into

text: the

text: endosperm

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: embryo

text: 's

text: food

text: supply

text: The

text: ovary

text: now

text: will

text: develop

text: into

text: fruit

text: and

text: the

text: ovule

text: will

text: develop

text: into

text: seed

question: What process does double fertilization refer to?

answer: two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary

text: two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary

question: What does a pollen grain adhere to, to start the process of double fertilization?

answer: the stigma of the pistil

text: the stigma of the pistil

question: What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing?

answer: haploid generative

text: haploid generative

question: Where does the pollen tube release its sperm cells?

answer: one of the synergids

text: one of the synergids

question: What serves as the embryo's food supply?

answer: endosperm

text: endosperm

question: When a pollen tube fertilizes cells in the ovary, what is it called?

text: Double fertilization

question: What begins the process of synergid?

question: What does a sperm cell adhere to to start double fertilization?

text: the stigma of the pistil

question: What degenerates as a pollen grain adheres to the stigma?

text: The synergid

question: What does the zygote fuse with to produce a triploid?

text: both central cell nuclei


text: Basketball is also a notable sport in Estonia. Estonia national basketball team previously participated in 1936 Summer Olympics, appeared in EuroBasket four times. Estonia national team also qualified to EuroBasket 2015, which will be held in Ukraine. BC Kalev/Cramo, which participates in EuroCup, is the most recent Korvpalli Meistriliiga winner after becoming champion of the league for the 6th time. Tartu Ülikool/Rock, which participates in EuroChallenge, is the second strongest Estonian basketball club, previously winning Korvpalli Meistriliiga 22 times. Six Estonian basketball clubs participates in Baltic Basketball League.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Basketball

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: notable

text: sport

text: in

text: Estonia

text: Estonia

text: national

text: basketball

text: team

text: previously

text: participated

text: in

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: appeared

text: in

text: EuroBasket

text: four

text: times

text: Estonia

text: national

text: team

text: also

text: qualified

text: to

text: EuroBasket

text: which

text: will

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: BC

text: Kalev

text: Cramo

text: which

text: participates

text: in

text: EuroCup

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: Korvpalli

text: Meistriliiga

text: winner

text: after

text: becoming

text: champion

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: for

text: the

text: time

text: Tartu

text: Ülikool

text: Rock

text: which

text: participates

text: in

text: EuroChallenge

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: strongest

text: Estonian

text: basketball

text: club

text: previously

text: winning

text: Korvpalli

text: Meistriliiga

text: times

text: Six

text: Estonian

text: basketball

text: clubs

text: participates

text: in

text: Baltic

text: Basketball

text: League

question: What year did Estonia's basketball team first compete in the Summer Olympics

answer: 1936

question: How many instances has Estonia appeared in the EuroBasket tournament?

answer: four

text: four

question: Which Estonian football club competes in the EuroCup?

answer: BC Kalev/Cramo

text: BC Kalev/Cramo

question: What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia?

answer: Tartu Ülikool/Rock

text: Tartu Ülikool/Rock

question: How many Estonian teams are in the Baltic Basketball League?

answer: Six

text: Six


text: Meanwhile, producer Joe Pasternak, who had been successfully producing light musicals with young sopranos for Universal's German subsidiary, repeated his formula in America. Teenage singer Deanna Durbin starred in Pasternak's first American film, Three Smart Girls (1936). The film was a box-office hit and reputedly restored the studio's solvency. The success of the film led Universal to offer her a contract, which for the first five years of her career produced her most successful pictures.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Meanwhile

text: producer

text: Joe

text: Pasternak

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: successfully

text: producing

text: light

text: musicals

text: with

text: young

text: sopranos

text: for

text: Universal

text: 's

text: German

text: subsidiary

text: repeated

text: his

text: formula

text: in

text: America

text: Teenage

text: singer

text: Deanna

text: Durbin

text: starred

text: in

text: Pasternak

text: 's

text: first

text: American

text: film

text: Three

text: Smart

text: Girls

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: a

text: box

text: office

text: hit

text: and

text: reputedly

text: restored

text: the

text: studio

text: 's

text: solvency

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: led

text: Universal

text: to

text: offer

text: her

text: a

text: contract

text: which

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: produced

text: her

text: most

text: successful

text: pictures

question: Who produced the film Three Smart Girls?

answer: Joe Pasternak

text: Joe Pasternak

question: Who starred in the film Three Smart Girls?

answer: Deanna Durbin

text: Deanna Durbin

question: In what year was Three Smart Girls made?

answer: 1936

question: Prior to his work in America, where was Joe Pasternak employed?

answer: Universal's German subsidiary

text: Universal's German subsidiary

question: What type of films did Joe Pasternak produce in Germany?

answer: light musicals

text: light musicals

question: What film was released in 1963?

text: Three Smart Girls

question: Who produced the 1963 film Three Smart Girls?

text: Joe Pasternak

question: What did Deanna Pasternak star in?

text: Three Smart Girls

question: What did the 1963 film to for the studio?

text: restored the studio's solvency


text: The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative—to assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: The

text: style

text: and

text: role

text: of

text: any

text: minority

text: leader

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: elements

text: including

text: personality

text: and

text: contextual

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: size

text: and

text: cohesion

text: of

text: the

text: minority

text: party

text: whether

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: party

text: controls

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: the

text: general

text: political

text: climate

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: controversy

text: that

text: is

text: sometimes

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: legislative

text: agenda

text: Despite

text: the

text: variability

text: of

text: these

text: factors

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: institutional

text: obligations

text: associated

text: with

text: this

text: position

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: assignments

text: or

text: roles

text: are

text: spelled

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: rule

text: book

text: Others

text: have

text: devolved

text: upon

text: the

text: position

text: in

text: other

text: ways

text: To

text: be

text: sure

text: the

text: minority

text: leader

text: is

text: provided

text: with

text: extra

text: staff

text: resources

text: beyond

text: those

text: accorded

text: him

text: or

text: her

text: as

text: a

text: Representative

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: carrying

text: out

text: diverse

text: leadership

text: functions

text: Worth

text: emphasis

text: is

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: limits

text: on

text: the

text: institutional

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: minority

text: leader

text: because

text: the

text: majority

text: party

text: exercises

text: disproportionate

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: agenda

text: partisan

text: ratios

text: on

text: committees

text: staff

text: resources

text: administrative

text: operations

text: and

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: schedule

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: floor

text: activities

question: What influences role of minority leader?

answer: personality and contextual factors

text: personality and contextual factors

question: Obligations for minority leader are stated in what document?

answer: House rule book.

text: House rule book.

question: How is the minority leader able to accomplish addition demands and tasks?

answer: minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative

text: minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative

question: What are some things the style and role of the White House is influenced by?

question: What obligations are associated with the White House?

text: institutional

question: What kind of staff are provided to work at the White House?

text: extra staff resources

question: What is the role of staff at the White House?

question: What are placed on the instutional role of the White House?

text: limits


text: Although hydrides can be formed with almost all main-group elements, the number and combination of possible compounds varies widely; for example, there are over 100 binary borane hydrides known, but only one binary aluminium hydride. Binary indium hydride has not yet been identified, although larger complexes exist.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Although

text: hydrides

text: can

text: be

text: formed

text: with

text: almost

text: all

text: main

text: group

text: elements

text: the

text: number

text: and

text: combination

text: of

text: possible

text: compounds

text: varies

text: widely

text: for

text: example

text: there

text: are

text: over

text: binary

text: borane

text: hydrides

text: known

text: but

text: only

text: one

text: binary

text: aluminium

text: hydride

text: Binary

text: indium

text: hydride

text: has

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: identified

text: although

text: larger

text: complexes

text: exist

question: How many binary borane hydrides are known?

answer: over 100

text: over 100

question: How many binary aluminum hydrides are there?

answer: 1


text: The process of polonization took place over a lengthy period of time. At first only the highest members of the nobility were involved, although gradually a wider group of the population was affected. The major effects on the lesser Lithuanian nobility took place after various sanctions were imposed by the Russian Empire such as removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas few years after the November Uprising. After the January Uprising the sanctions went further, and Russian officials announced that "Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism" and began to intensify russification, and to ban the printing of books in the Lithuanian language.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: polonization

text: took

text: place

text: over

text: a

text: lengthy

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: At

text: first

text: only

text: the

text: highest

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: were

text: involved

text: although

text: gradually

text: a

text: wider

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: affected

text: The

text: major

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: lesser

text: Lithuanian

text: nobility

text: took

text: place

text: after

text: various

text: sanctions

text: were

text: imposed

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: such

text: as

text: removing

text: Lithuania

text: from

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: Gubernyas

text: few

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: November

text: Uprising

text: After

text: the

text: January

text: Uprising

text: the

text: sanctions

text: went

text: further

text: and

text: Russian

text: officials

text: announced

text: that

text: Lithuanians

text: are

text: Russians

text: seduced

text: by

text: Poles

text: and

text: Catholicism

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: intensify

text: russification

text: and

text: to

text: ban

text: the

text: printing

text: of

text: books

text: in

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: language

question: WHo was first invloved in the polonization?

answer: the highest members of the nobility

text: the highest members of the nobility

question: Who imposed various sanction on the people?

answer: Russian Empire

text: Russian Empire

question: What was an example of imposing sanctions on lithuanians?

answer: removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas

text: removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas

question: What did the russian officials announce as a sanction?

answer: "Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism"

text: "Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism"

question: What language was banned from printing on books?

answer: Lithuanian language.

text: Lithuanian language.


text: The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10 years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named Walter Lett of raping her. The story and the trial were covered by her father's newspaper which reported that Lett was convicted and sentenced to death. After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died there of tuberculosis in 1937. Scholars believe that Robinson's difficulties reflect the notorious case of the Scottsboro Boys, in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence. However, in 2005, Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational, although the Scottsboro case served "the same purpose" to display Southern prejudices. Emmett Till, a black teenager who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955, and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement, is also considered a model for Tom Robinson.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: is

text: less

text: clear

text: although

text: many

text: have

text: speculated

text: that

text: his

text: character

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: several

text: models

text: When

text: Lee

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: a

text: white

text: woman

text: near

text: Monroeville

text: accused

text: a

text: black

text: man

text: named

text: Walter

text: Lett

text: of

text: raping

text: her

text: The

text: story

text: and

text: the

text: trial

text: were

text: covered

text: by

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: newspaper

text: which

text: reported

text: that

text: Lett

text: was

text: convicted

text: and

text: sentenced

text: to

text: death

text: After

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: letters

text: appeared

text: claiming

text: Lett

text: had

text: been

text: falsely

text: accused

text: his

text: sentence

text: was

text: commuted

text: to

text: life

text: in

text: prison

text: He

text: died

text: there

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: in

text: Scholars

text: believe

text: that

text: Robinson

text: 's

text: difficulties

text: reflect

text: the

text: notorious

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: Scottsboro

text: Boys

text: in

text: which

text: nine

text: black

text: men

text: were

text: convicted

text: of

text: raping

text: two

text: white

text: women

text: on

text: negligible

text: evidence

text: However

text: in

text: Lee

text: stated

text: that

text: she

text: had

text: in

text: mind

text: something

text: less

text: sensational

text: although

text: the

text: Scottsboro

text: case

text: served

text: the

text: same

text: purpose

text: to

text: display

text: Southern

text: prejudices

text: Emmett

text: Till

text: a

text: black

text: teenager

text: who

text: was

text: murdered

text: for

text: flirting

text: with

text: a

text: white

text: woman

text: in

text: Mississippi

text: in

text: and

text: whose

text: death

text: is

text: credited

text: as

text: a

text: catalyst

text: for

text: the

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Movement

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: Tom

text: Robinson

question: At what age was Lee when a white woman accused a black guy of rape?

answer: 10

question: What was the name of the black man who was accused of rape in Lee's town when she was 10?

answer: Walter Lett

text: Walter Lett

question: What was the name of the black teenager that Tom Robinson was supposedly based on?

answer: Emmett Till

text: Emmett Till

question: Emmett Till's death sparked which political movement in the '50s?

answer: Civil Rights Movement

text: Civil Rights Movement

question: What purpose did Tom Robinson's trial serve in the book?

answer: display Southern prejudices

text: display Southern prejudices

question: Who's death was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement?

answer: Emmett Till

text: Emmett Till


text: The scale of humanitarian aid to the poor and unstable regions of the world grows, but it is highly vulnerable to corruption, with food aid, construction and other highly valued assistance as the most at risk. Food aid can be directly and physically diverted from its intended destination, or indirectly through the manipulation of assessments, targeting, registration and distributions to favor certain groups or individuals.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: The

text: scale

text: of

text: humanitarian

text: aid

text: to

text: the

text: poor

text: and

text: unstable

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: grows

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: highly

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: corruption

text: with

text: food

text: aid

text: construction

text: and

text: other

text: highly

text: valued

text: assistance

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: at

text: risk

text: Food

text: aid

text: can

text: be

text: directly

text: and

text: physically

text: diverted

text: from

text: its

text: intended

text: destination

text: or

text: indirectly

text: through

text: the

text: manipulation

text: of

text: assessments

text: targeting

text: registration

text: and

text: distributions

text: to

text: favor

text: certain

text: groups

text: or

text: individuals

question: Along with food aid, what is most at risk in these countries?

answer: construction

text: construction

question: How is food aid usually directly redirected from the people it should go to?

answer: physically diverted

text: physically diverted

question: Food aid can also be indirectly diverted from its intended recipients through the manipulation of what?

answer: assessments

text: assessments


text: Over time, electric lighting became ubiquitous in developed countries. Segmented sleep patterns disappeared, improved nighttime lighting made more activities possible at night, and more street lights reduced urban crime.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Over

text: time

text: electric

text: lighting

text: became

text: ubiquitous

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: Segmented

text: sleep

text: patterns

text: disappeared

text: improved

text: nighttime

text: lighting

text: made

text: more

text: activities

text: possible

text: at

text: night

text: and

text: more

text: street

text: lights

text: reduced

text: urban

text: crime

question: Street lights help reduce?

answer: urban crime.

text: urban crime.


text: Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated quite recently, around 170,000 years ago. Body lice is an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive. Their research suggests the invention of clothing may have coincided with the northward migration of modern Homo sapiens away from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, a second group of researchers using similar genetic methods estimate that clothing originated around 540,000 years ago (Reed et al. 2004. PLoS Biology 2(11): e340). For now, the date of the origin of clothing remains unresolved.[citation needed]

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Scientists

text: are

text: still

text: debating

text: when

text: people

text: started

text: wearing

text: clothes

text: Ralf

text: Kittler

text: Manfred

text: Kayser

text: and

text: Mark

text: Stoneking

text: anthropologists

text: at

text: the

text: Max

text: Planck

text: Institute

text: for

text: Evolutionary

text: Anthropology

text: have

text: conducted

text: a

text: genetic

text: analysis

text: of

text: human

text: body

text: lice

text: that

text: suggests

text: clothing

text: originated

text: quite

text: recently

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: Body

text: lice

text: is

text: an

text: indicator

text: of

text: clothes

text: wearing

text: since

text: most

text: humans

text: have

text: sparse

text: body

text: hair

text: and

text: lice

text: thus

text: require

text: human

text: clothing

text: to

text: survive

text: Their

text: research

text: suggests

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: clothing

text: may

text: have

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: northward

text: migration

text: of

text: modern

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: warm

text: climate

text: of

text: Africa

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: begun

text: between

text: and

text: years

text: ago

text: However

text: a

text: second

text: group

text: of

text: researchers

text: using

text: similar

text: genetic

text: methods

text: estimate

text: that

text: clothing

text: originated

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: Reed

text: et

text: al

text: PLoS

text: Biology

text: For

text: now

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: clothing

text: remains

text: unresolved.[citation

text: needed

question: What group of people debate when humans stated wearing clothes?

answer: Scientists

text: Scientists

question: What type of analysis has been conducted on human body lice?

answer: genetic

text: genetic

question: What do lice require human clothing to do?

answer: survive

text: survive

question: What may have the invention of clothing happened with?

answer: northward migration

text: northward migration

question: What about the origin of clothing remains unanswered?

answer: the date

text: the date

question: Scientists are in agreement about when people begin to do what?

text: wearing clothes

question: What type of analysis has been done on headlights?

text: genetic

question: Body lice require hair to what?

text: survive

question: Southward migration coincided with what?

text: the invention of clothing

question: Most humans have lots of hair hair which leads to what?

text: Body lice


text: Modern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from most other areas of science and technology. Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primary metabolism, chemical products, development, diseases, evolutionary relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy. Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which are the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues. Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Modern

text: botany

text: is

text: a

text: broad

text: multidisciplinary

text: subject

text: with

text: inputs

text: from

text: most

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: Research

text: topics

text: include

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: plant

text: structure

text: growth

text: and

text: differentiation

text: reproduction

text: biochemistry

text: and

text: primary

text: metabolism

text: chemical

text: products

text: development

text: diseases

text: evolutionary

text: relationships

text: systematics

text: and

text: plant

text: taxonomy

text: Dominant

text: themes

text: in

text: century

text: plant

text: science

text: are

text: molecular

text: genetics

text: and

text: epigenetics

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: mechanisms

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: gene

text: expression

text: during

text: differentiation

text: of

text: plant

text: cells

text: and

text: tissues

text: Botanical

text: research

text: has

text: diverse

text: applications

text: in

text: providing

text: staple

text: foods

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: timber

text: oil

text: rubber

text: fibre

text: and

text: drugs

text: in

text: modern

text: horticulture

text: agriculture

text: and

text: forestry

text: plant

text: propagation

text: breeding

text: and

text: genetic

text: modification

text: in

text: the

text: synthesis

text: of

text: chemicals

text: and

text: raw

text: materials

text: for

text: construction

text: and

text: energy

text: production

text: in

text: environmental

text: management

text: and

text: the

text: maintenance

text: of

text: biodiversity

question: What is are the main themes of present-day botany?

answer: molecular genetics and epigenetics

text: molecular genetics and epigenetics

question: How can botany be applied to combating world hunger?

answer: providing staple foods

text: providing staple foods

question: How can botany be applied to the construction industry?

answer: synthesis of chemicals and raw materials

text: synthesis of chemicals and raw materials

question: Is botany a narrow science?

answer: a broad, multidisciplinary subject

text: a broad, multidisciplinary subject


text: Cold or oxygen-rich atmospheres can sustain life at pressures much lower than atmospheric, as long as the density of oxygen is similar to that of standard sea-level atmosphere. The colder air temperatures found at altitudes of up to 3 km generally compensate for the lower pressures there. Above this altitude, oxygen enrichment is necessary to prevent altitude sickness in humans that did not undergo prior acclimatization, and spacesuits are necessary to prevent ebullism above 19 km. Most spacesuits use only 20 kPa (150 Torr) of pure oxygen. This pressure is high enough to prevent ebullism, but decompression sickness and gas embolisms can still occur if decompression rates are not managed.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Cold

text: or

text: oxygen

text: rich

text: atmospheres

text: can

text: sustain

text: life

text: at

text: pressures

text: much

text: lower

text: than

text: atmospheric

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: the

text: density

text: of

text: oxygen

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: standard

text: sea

text: level

text: atmosphere

text: The

text: colder

text: air

text: temperatures

text: found

text: at

text: altitudes

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: km

text: generally

text: compensate

text: for

text: the

text: lower

text: pressures

text: there

text: Above

text: this

text: altitude

text: oxygen

text: enrichment

text: is

text: necessary

text: to

text: prevent

text: altitude

text: sickness

text: in

text: humans

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: undergo

text: prior

text: acclimatization

text: and

text: spacesuits

text: are

text: necessary

text: to

text: prevent

text: ebullism

text: above

text: km

text: Most

text: spacesuits

text: use

text: only

text: kPa

text: Torr

text: of

text: pure

text: oxygen

text: This

text: pressure

text: is

text: high

text: enough

text: to

text: prevent

text: ebullism

text: but

text: decompression

text: sickness

text: and

text: gas

text: embolisms

text: can

text: still

text: occur

text: if

text: decompression

text: rates

text: are

text: not

text: managed

question: density of oxygen like that of sea-level atmosphere is needed to do what?

answer: sustain life at pressures much lower than atmospheric,

text: sustain life at pressures much lower than atmospheric,

question: What is the lowest altitude where acclimatization or a suit is not needed to prevent sickness in humans?

answer: of up to 3 km

text: of up to 3 km

question: What do colder air temperatures found at altitudes above 19km compensate for?

text: lower pressures

question: What is needed at altitudes of up to 3km to prevent altitiude sickness?

text: oxygen enrichment

question: What do cold or oxygen-rich atmospheres usuall cause?

text: ebullism

question: How much pure oxygen is in the atmosphere?

text: 20 kPa (150 Torr)

question: When people are acclimated to the altitude, gas embolisms and what can happen?

text: decompression sickness


text: In the late 12th and early 13th centuries the border and political relationship between England and Scotland was disputed, with the kings of Scotland claiming parts of what is now northern England. John's father, Henry II, had forced William the Lion to swear fealty to him at the Treaty of Falaise in 1174. This had been rescinded by Richard I in exchange for financial compensation in 1189, but the relationship remained uneasy. John began his reign by reasserting his sovereignty over the disputed northern counties. He refused William's request for the earldom of Northumbria, but did not intervene in Scotland itself and focused on his continental problems. The two kings maintained a friendly relationship, meeting in 1206 and 1207, until it was rumoured in 1209 that William was intending to ally himself with Philip II of France. John invaded Scotland and forced William to sign the Treaty of Norham, which gave John control of William's daughters and required a payment of £10,000. This effectively crippled William's power north of the border, and by 1212 John had to intervene militarily to support the Scottish king against his internal rivals.[nb 16] John made no efforts to reinvigorate the Treaty of Falaise, though, and both William and Alexander remained independent kings, supported by, but not owing fealty to, John.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: the

text: border

text: and

text: political

text: relationship

text: between

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: was

text: disputed

text: with

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Scotland

text: claiming

text: parts

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: northern

text: England

text: John

text: 's

text: father

text: Henry

text: II

text: had

text: forced

text: William

text: the

text: Lion

text: to

text: swear

text: fealty

text: to

text: him

text: at

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Falaise

text: in

text: This

text: had

text: been

text: rescinded

text: by

text: Richard

text: I

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: financial

text: compensation

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: relationship

text: remained

text: uneasy

text: John

text: began

text: his

text: reign

text: by

text: reasserting

text: his

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: disputed

text: northern

text: counties

text: He

text: refused

text: William

text: 's

text: request

text: for

text: the

text: earldom

text: of

text: Northumbria

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: intervene

text: in

text: Scotland

text: itself

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: his

text: continental

text: problems

text: The

text: two

text: kings

text: maintained

text: a

text: friendly

text: relationship

text: meeting

text: in

text: and

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: rumoured

text: in

text: that

text: William

text: was

text: intending

text: to

text: ally

text: himself

text: with

text: Philip

text: II

text: of

text: France

text: John

text: invaded

text: Scotland

text: and

text: forced

text: William

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Norham

text: which

text: gave

text: John

text: control

text: of

text: William

text: 's

text: daughters

text: and

text: required

text: a

text: payment

text: of

text: This

text: effectively

text: crippled

text: William

text: 's

text: power

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: and

text: by

text: John

text: had

text: to

text: intervene

text: militarily

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: Scottish

text: king

text: against

text: his

text: internal

text: rivals.[nb

text: John

text: made

text: no

text: efforts

text: to

text: reinvigorate

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Falaise

text: though

text: and

text: both

text: William

text: and

text: Alexander

text: remained

text: independent

text: kings

text: supported

text: by

text: but

text: not

text: owing

text: fealty

text: to

text: John

question: When was the political relationship between England and Scotland disputed?

answer: late 12th and early 13th centuries

text: late 12th and early 13th centuries

question: Who forced William the Lion to swear fealty to him?

answer: Henry II

text: Henry II

question: What did John force William to sign?

answer: Treaty of Norham

text: Treaty of Norham


text: There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act.  Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: There

text: are

text: special

text: rules

text: for

text: certain

text: rare

text: diseases

text: orphan

text: diseases

text: in

text: several

text: major

text: drug

text: regulatory

text: territories

text: For

text: example

text: diseases

text: involving

text: fewer

text: than

text: patients

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: or

text: larger

text: populations

text: in

text: certain

text: circumstances

text: are

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: Orphan

text: Drug

text: Act

text: Because

text: medical

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: drugs

text: to

text: treat

text: such

text: diseases

text: is

text: financially

text: disadvantageous

text: companies

text: that

text: do

text: so

text: are

text: rewarded

text: with

text: tax

text: reductions

text: fee

text: waivers

text: and

text: market

text: exclusivity

text: on

text: that

text: drug

text: for

text: a

text: limited

text: time

text: seven

text: years

text: regardless

text: of

text: whether

text: the

text: drug

text: is

text: protected

text: by

text: patents

question: What is subject to the Orphan Drug Act?

answer: diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances

text: diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances

question: What is given to companies who develop drugs for "orphan diseases"?

answer: tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents

text: tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents

question: Why are these companies rewarded?

answer: Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous

text: Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous

question: What is a term for rare diseases in some territories?

answer: orphan diseases

text: orphan diseases

question: What size of disease populations are subject to the Orphan Drug Act?

answer: fewer than 200,000 patients

text: fewer than 200,000 patients

question: What is one financial benefit to researching orphan drugs?

answer: tax reductions

text: tax reductions

question: What is the length of time of market exclusivity of an orphan drug?

answer: seven years

text: seven years

question: What is subject to patients in the United States?

question: What is given to companies who develop rules for "orphan diseases"?

question: Why are these rules rewarded?

question: What is a term for rare rules in some territories?

text: orphan diseases

question: What size of disease populations are subject to patents?

text: fewer than 200,000 patients


text: Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During the Middle Ages, the Aristotelian view was adopted and further developed by scholasticism and Thomas Aquinas in particular. There are also theories of emotions in the works of philosophers such as René Descartes, Niccolò Machiavelli, Baruch Spinoza and David Hume. In the 19th century emotions were considered adaptive and were studied more frequently from an empiricist psychiatric perspective.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: regarded

text: emotion

text: in

text: varying

text: ways

text: In

text: stoic

text: theories

text: it

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: hindrance

text: to

text: reason

text: and

text: therefore

text: a

text: hindrance

text: to

text: virtue

text: Aristotle

text: believed

text: that

text: emotions

text: were

text: an

text: essential

text: component

text: of

text: virtue

text: In

text: the

text: Aristotelian

text: view

text: all

text: emotions

text: called

text: passions

text: corresponded

text: to

text: appetites

text: or

text: capacities

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: Aristotelian

text: view

text: was

text: adopted

text: and

text: further

text: developed

text: by

text: scholasticism

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: in

text: particular

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: theories

text: of

text: emotions

text: in

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: philosophers

text: such

text: as

text: René

text: Descartes

text: Niccolò

text: Machiavelli

text: Baruch

text: Spinoza

text: and

text: David

text: Hume

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: emotions

text: were

text: considered

text: adaptive

text: and

text: were

text: studied

text: more

text: frequently

text: from

text: an

text: empiricist

text: psychiatric

text: perspective

question: What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue?

answer: stoic

text: stoic

question: What thinker believed that emotions were necessary for virtue?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

question: What did the Aristotelians call emotions?

answer: passions

text: passions

question: Who was a notable scholastic thinker?

answer: Thomas Aquinas

text: Thomas Aquinas

question: Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions?

answer: Baruch Spinoza

text: Baruch Spinoza

question: What school of thought saw emotion as not an impediment to virtue?

text: stoic

question: What thinker believed that emotions weren't necessary for virtue?

text: Aristotle

question: What did the Aristotelians not call emotions?

text: passions

question: Who wasn't a notable scholastic thinker?

text: Thomas Aquinas


text: In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U.S. trusteeship. All these trusteeships were slowly returned to Japanese rule. Okinawa was returned on May 15, 1972, but the U.S. stations troops in the island's bases as a defense for Japan.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: In

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: between

text: the

text: Allied

text: Powers

text: and

text: Japan

text: which

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: in

text: April

text: the

text: U.S.

text: put

text: the

text: outlying

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: Ryukyus

text: including

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Okinawa

text: home

text: to

text: over

text: million

text: Okinawans

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: and

text: the

text: Bonin

text: Islands

text: the

text: Volcano

text: Islands

text: and

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: into

text: U.S.

text: trusteeship

text: All

text: these

text: trusteeships

text: were

text: slowly

text: returned

text: to

text: Japanese

text: rule

text: Okinawa

text: was

text: returned

text: on

text: May

text: but

text: the

text: U.S.

text: stations

text: troops

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: bases

text: as

text: a

text: defense

text: for

text: Japan

question: When did Artcle 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco come into effect?

answer: April 1952

text: April 1952

question: How many people lived on the island of Okinawa?

answer: over 1 million

text: over 1 million

question: When was Okinawa finally returned?

answer: May 15, 1972

text: May 15, 1972

question: Why did the US have troops on Okinawa?

answer: as a defense for Japan.

text: as a defense for Japan.

question: When did Article 2 of the Treaty of San Francisco come into effect?

text: April 1952

question: How many people lived on the island of Bonin?

text: over 1 million

question: When was San Francisco finally returned?

text: May 15, 1972

question: Why did the Japanese have troops on Okinawa?

text: as a defense for Japan

question: Who put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus into Bonin trusteeship?

text: the U.S.


text: In the south, land up to Safdarjung's Tomb was acquired in order to create what is today known as Lutyens' Bungalow Zone. Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Council House (now Parliament House), called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built to transport construction material and workers for the next twenty years. The last stumbling block was the Agra-Delhi railway line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and Kingsway (Rajpath), which was a problem because the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city at that time. The line was shifted to run along the Yamuna river, and it began operating in 1924. The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926 with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931. As construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All-India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down, the building of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught (1850–1942), it was designed by Robert Tor Russell, chief architect to the Public Works Department (PWD).

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: In

text: the

text: south

text: land

text: up

text: to

text: Safdarjung

text: 's

text: Tomb

text: was

text: acquired

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: create

text: what

text: is

text: today

text: known

text: as

text: Lutyens

text: Bungalow

text: Zone

text: Before

text: construction

text: could

text: begin

text: on

text: the

text: rocky

text: ridge

text: of

text: Raisina

text: Hill

text: a

text: circular

text: railway

text: line

text: around

text: the

text: Council

text: House

text: now

text: Parliament

text: House

text: called

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Delhi

text: Railway

text: was

text: built

text: to

text: transport

text: construction

text: material

text: and

text: workers

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: twenty

text: years

text: The

text: last

text: stumbling

text: block

text: was

text: the

text: Agra

text: Delhi

text: railway

text: line

text: that

text: cut

text: right

text: through

text: the

text: site

text: earmarked

text: for

text: the

text: hexagonal

text: All

text: India

text: War

text: Memorial

text: India

text: Gate

text: and

text: Kingsway

text: Rajpath

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: problem

text: because

text: the

text: Old

text: Delhi

text: Railway

text: Station

text: served

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: The

text: line

text: was

text: shifted

text: to

text: run

text: along

text: the

text: Yamuna

text: river

text: and

text: it

text: began

text: operating

text: in

text: The

text: New

text: Delhi

text: Railway

text: Station

text: opened

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: platform

text: at

text: Ajmeri

text: Gate

text: near

text: Paharganj

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: inauguration

text: in

text: As

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: 's

text: House

text: the

text: present

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhavan

text: Central

text: Secretariat

text: Parliament

text: House

text: and

text: All

text: India

text: War

text: Memorial

text: India

text: Gate

text: was

text: winding

text: down

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: a

text: shopping

text: district

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: plaza

text: Connaught

text: Place

text: began

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: by

text: Named

text: after

text: Prince

text: Arthur

text: Duke

text: of

text: Connaught

text: it

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Tor

text: Russell

text: chief

text: architect

text: to

text: the

text: Public

text: Works

text: Department

text: PWD

question: The construction of Connaught Place was completed in what year?

answer: 1933

question: On what hill did construction of Lutyen's Bungalow Zone begin?

answer: Raisina Hill

text: Raisina Hill

question: The Imperial Delhi Railway was built to transport workers and materials for how many years?

answer: twenty years

text: twenty years

question: In what year did the Imperial Delhi Railway line begin operating?

answer: 1924

question: In what year did the New Delhi Railway Station open?

answer: 1926


text: Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto themselves". In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar puts it: "more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself."

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Regarding

text: the

text: monastic

text: rules

text: the

text: Buddha

text: constantly

text: reminds

text: his

text: hearers

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: spirit

text: that

text: counts

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: rules

text: themselves

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: assure

text: a

text: satisfying

text: life

text: and

text: provide

text: a

text: perfect

text: springboard

text: for

text: the

text: higher

text: attainments

text: Monastics

text: are

text: instructed

text: by

text: the

text: Buddha

text: to

text: live

text: as

text: islands

text: unto

text: themselves

text: In

text: this

text: sense

text: living

text: life

text: as

text: the

text: vinaya

text: prescribes

text: it

text: is

text: as

text: one

text: scholar

text: puts

text: it

text: more

text: than

text: merely

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: it

text: is

text: very

text: nearly

text: the

text: end

text: in

text: itself

question: Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what?

answer: counts

text: counts

question: The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what?

answer: life

text: life

question: The rules are a perfect springboard for what?

answer: higher attainments

text: higher attainments

question: Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what?

answer: islands unto themselves

text: islands unto themselves


text: Major League Baseball is especially well known for red teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings are the oldest professional baseball team, dating back to 1869. The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. During the 1950s when red was strongly associated with communism, the modern Cincinnati team was known as the "Redlegs" and the term was used on baseball cards. After the red scare faded, the team was known as the "Reds" again. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are also known for their color red, as are the St. Louis Cardinals, Arizona Diamondbacks, and the Philadelphia Phillies.

title: Red

title: Red

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: is

text: especially

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: red

text: teams

text: The

text: Cincinnati

text: Red

text: Stockings

text: are

text: the

text: oldest

text: professional

text: baseball

text: team

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: The

text: franchise

text: soon

text: relocated

text: to

text: Boston

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: Braves

text: but

text: its

text: name

text: survives

text: as

text: the

text: origin

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: Cincinnati

text: Reds

text: and

text: Boston

text: Red

text: Sox

text: During

text: the

text: when

text: red

text: was

text: strongly

text: associated

text: with

text: communism

text: the

text: modern

text: Cincinnati

text: team

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Redlegs

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: used

text: on

text: baseball

text: cards

text: After

text: the

text: red

text: scare

text: faded

text: the

text: team

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Reds

text: again

text: The

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Angels

text: of

text: Anaheim

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: color

text: red

text: as

text: are

text: the

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Cardinals

text: Arizona

text: Diamondbacks

text: and

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Phillies

question: When did the Cincinnati Red Stockings come to be?

answer: 1869

question: What team did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become?

answer: the Atlanta Braves

text: the Atlanta Braves

question: What political movment was red identified with in the 1950s?

answer: communism

text: communism

question: What name did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become known as for a time in the 1950s?

answer: Redlegs

text: Redlegs

question: Where did the Cincinnati Red Stockings move after leaving Cincinnati?

answer: Boston

text: Boston

question: What is the oldest professional baseball team dating back to 1896?

text: The Cincinnati Red Stockings

question: What dates back to 1896?

text: e oldest professional baseball team

question: Where did the 1896 Cincinnati Red Stockings relocate to?

text: Boston

question: What year was red associated with communism?

question: What color are the Anaheim Angels known for?

text: red


text: Raleigh is home to numerous cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three theater venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Walnut Creek Amphitheatre is a large music amphitheater located in Southeast Raleigh. Museums in Raleigh include the North Carolina Museum of Art in West Raleigh, as well as the North Carolina Museum of History and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences located next to each other near the State Capitol in Downtown Raleigh. Several major universities and colleges call Raleigh home, including North Carolina State University, the largest public university in the state, and Shaw University, the first historically black university in the American South and site of the foundation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, an important civil rights organization of the 1960s. One U.S. president, Andrew Johnson, was born in Raleigh.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: cultural

text: educational

text: and

text: historic

text: sites

text: The

text: Duke

text: Energy

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Performing

text: Arts

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Raleigh

text: features

text: three

text: theater

text: venues

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: for

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Symphony

text: and

text: the

text: Carolina

text: Ballet

text: Walnut

text: Creek

text: Amphitheatre

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: music

text: amphitheater

text: located

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Raleigh

text: Museums

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: include

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: in

text: West

text: Raleigh

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: History

text: and

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: Sciences

text: located

text: next

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: near

text: the

text: State

text: Capitol

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Raleigh

text: Several

text: major

text: universities

text: and

text: colleges

text: call

text: Raleigh

text: home

text: including

text: North

text: Carolina

text: State

text: University

text: the

text: largest

text: public

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: Shaw

text: University

text: the

text: first

text: historically

text: black

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: South

text: and

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: Student

text: Nonviolent

text: Coordinating

text: Committee

text: an

text: important

text: civil

text: rights

text: organization

text: of

text: the

text: One

text: U.S.

text: president

text: Andrew

text: Johnson

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Raleigh

question: What energy center is downtown?

answer: Duke

text: Duke

question: What university is in Raleigh?

answer: North Carolina State University,

text: North Carolina State University,

question: What is the first historically black university?

answer: Shaw

text: Shaw

question: What president was born in Raleigh?

answer: Andrew Johnson

text: Andrew Johnson

question: What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh?

answer: Walnut Creek Amphitheatre

text: Walnut Creek Amphitheatre

question: What energy center is on the outskirts of town?

text: Duke

question: What university is outside of Raleigh?

text: North Carolina State University

question: What is the first white university?

text: Shaw

question: Which US president died in Raleigh?

text: Andrew Johnson

question: What's the name of the smallest amphitheater in Raleigh?

text: Walnut Creek Amphitheatre


text: The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied building in Bhimsenthan which contains an impressive collection of traditional utensils and handmade dolls and items typical of a medieval Newar house, giving an important insight into Nepali history. The J Art Gallery is also located in Kathmandu, near the Royal Palace in Durbarmarg, Kathmandu and displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: Srijana

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: located

text: inside

text: the

text: Bhrikutimandap

text: Exhibition

text: grounds

text: hosts

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: contemporary

text: painters

text: and

text: sculptors

text: and

text: regularly

text: organizes

text: exhibitions

text: It

text: also

text: runs

text: morning

text: and

text: evening

text: classes

text: in

text: the

text: schools

text: of

text: art

text: Also

text: of

text: note

text: is

text: the

text: Moti

text: Azima

text: Gallery

text: located

text: in

text: a

text: three

text: storied

text: building

text: in

text: Bhimsenthan

text: which

text: contains

text: an

text: impressive

text: collection

text: of

text: traditional

text: utensils

text: and

text: handmade

text: dolls

text: and

text: items

text: typical

text: of

text: a

text: medieval

text: Newar

text: house

text: giving

text: an

text: important

text: insight

text: into

text: Nepali

text: history

text: The

text: J

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: near

text: the

text: Royal

text: Palace

text: in

text: Durbarmarg

text: Kathmandu

text: and

text: displays

text: the

text: artwork

text: of

text: eminent

text: established

text: Nepali

text: painters

text: The

text: Nepal

text: Art

text: Council

text: Gallery

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Babar

text: Mahal

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: Tribhuvan

text: International

text: Airport

text: contains

text: artwork

text: of

text: both

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: artists

text: and

text: extensive

text: halls

text: regularly

text: used

text: for

text: art

text: exhibitions

question: Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?

answer: Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds

text: Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds

question: The Moti Azima Gallery contains objects that might be found in a Nepalese house of what time period?

answer: medieval

text: medieval

question: What art gallery is located close to the Durbarmarg Royal Palace?

answer: J

text: J

question: Where can the Nepal Art Council Gallery be found?

answer: Babar Mahal

text: Babar Mahal

question: In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?

answer: Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery

text: Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery


text: The pre-Socratics were among the first recorded speculators about the underlying nature of the visible world. Thales (c. 624 BC–c. 546 BC) regarded water as the fundamental material of the world. Anaximander (c. 610 BC–c. 546 BC) posited that the basic material was wholly characterless or limitless: the Infinite (apeiron). Anaximenes (flourished 585 BC, d. 528 BC) posited that the basic stuff was pneuma or air. Heraclitus (c. 535–c. 475 BC) seems to say the basic element is fire, though perhaps he means that all is change. Empedocles (c. 490–430 BC) spoke of four elements of which everything was made: earth, water, air, and fire. Meanwhile, Parmenides argued that change does not exist, and Democritus argued that everything is composed of minuscule, inert bodies of all shapes called atoms, a philosophy called atomism. All of these notions had deep philosophical problems.

title: Matter

title: Matter

text: The

text: pre

text: Socratics

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: recorded

text: speculators

text: about

text: the

text: underlying

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: visible

text: world

text: Thales

text: c.

text: BC

text: c

text: BC

text: regarded

text: water

text: as

text: the

text: fundamental

text: material

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Anaximander

text: c.

text: BC

text: c

text: BC

text: posited

text: that

text: the

text: basic

text: material

text: was

text: wholly

text: characterless

text: or

text: limitless

text: the

text: Infinite

text: apeiron

text: Anaximenes

text: flourished

text: BC

text: d.

text: BC

text: posited

text: that

text: the

text: basic

text: stuff

text: was

text: pneuma

text: or

text: air

text: Heraclitus

text: c.

text: BC

text: seems

text: to

text: say

text: the

text: basic

text: element

text: is

text: fire

text: though

text: perhaps

text: he

text: means

text: that

text: all

text: is

text: change

text: Empedocles

text: c.

text: BC

text: spoke

text: of

text: four

text: elements

text: of

text: which

text: everything

text: was

text: made

text: earth

text: water

text: air

text: and

text: fire

text: Meanwhile

text: Parmenides

text: argued

text: that

text: change

text: does

text: not

text: exist

text: and

text: Democritus

text: argued

text: that

text: everything

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: minuscule

text: inert

text: bodies

text: of

text: all

text: shapes

text: called

text: atoms

text: a

text: philosophy

text: called

text: atomism

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: notions

text: had

text: deep

text: philosophical

text: problems

question: When did Socratics live?

text: c. 624 BC–c. 546 BC

question: What did Parmenides believe was the fundamental material of the world?

text: water

question: What is the name for the philosophical problems of understanding the nature of the world?

text: atomism

question: How many elements did Democritus name?

text: four

question: What did Parmenides say everything was made of?

text: atoms


text: In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next page he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at reducing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that "Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog. Canis familiaris is used for domestic dogs, although taxonomically it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were published simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is now listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: In

text: the

text: taxonomist

text: Linnaeus

text: published

text: in

text: Systema

text: Naturae

text: a

text: categorization

text: of

text: species

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: Canis

text: species

text: Canis

text: is

text: a

text: Latin

text: word

text: meaning

text: dog

text: and

text: the

text: list

text: included

text: the

text: dog

text: like

text: carnivores

text: the

text: domestic

text: dog

text: wolves

text: foxes

text: and

text: jackals

text: The

text: dog

text: was

text: classified

text: as

text: Canis

text: familiaris

text: which

text: means

text: Dog

text: family

text: or

text: the

text: family

text: dog

text: On

text: the

text: next

text: page

text: he

text: recorded

text: the

text: wolf

text: as

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: which

text: means

text: Dog

text: wolf

text: In

text: a

text: review

text: aimed

text: at

text: reducing

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: recognized

text: Canis

text: species

text: proposed

text: that

text: Canis

text: dingo

text: is

text: now

text: generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: distinctive

text: feral

text: domestic

text: dog

text: Canis

text: familiaris

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: domestic

text: dogs

text: although

text: taxonomically

text: it

text: should

text: probably

text: be

text: synonymous

text: with

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: edition

text: of

text: Mammal

text: Species

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: listed

text: Canis

text: familiaris

text: under

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: with

text: the

text: comment

text: Probably

text: ancestor

text: of

text: and

text: conspecific

text: with

text: the

text: domestic

text: dog

text: familiaris

text: Canis

text: familiaris

text: has

text: page

text: priority

text: over

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: but

text: both

text: were

text: published

text: simultaneously

text: in

text: Linnaeus

text: and

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: has

text: been

text: universally

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: species

text: which

text: avoided

text: classifying

text: the

text: wolf

text: as

text: the

text: family

text: dog

text: The

text: dog

text: is

text: now

text: listed

text: among

text: the

text: many

text: other

text: Latin

text: named

text: subspecies

text: of

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: as

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: familiaris

question: What is the Latin term for "dog.?"

answer: Canis

text: Canis

question: What year are dogs first listed in Systema Naturae?

answer: 1758

question: Who published Systema Naturae?

answer: Linnaeus

text: Linnaeus

question: What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus?

answer: wolf

text: wolf

question: What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves?

answer: Mammal Species of the World

text: Mammal Species of the World

question: What is the Latin word for dog?

answer: Canis

text: Canis

question: Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what?

answer: family dog

text: family dog

question: What is the Latin name for a wolf?

answer: Canis lupus

text: Canis lupus

question: Feral dogs have what Latin classification?

answer: Canis dingo

text: Canis dingo

question: What year was Canis familiaris listed under Canis lupus?

answer: 1982


text: As the Romans extended their dominance throughout the Mediterranean world, their policy in general was to absorb the deities and cults of other peoples rather than try to eradicate them, since they believed that preserving tradition promoted social stability. One way that Rome incorporated diverse peoples was by supporting their religious heritage, building temples to local deities that framed their theology within the hierarchy of Roman religion. Inscriptions throughout the Empire record the side-by-side worship of local and Roman deities, including dedications made by Romans to local gods. By the height of the Empire, numerous international deities were cultivated at Rome and had been carried to even the most remote provinces, among them Cybele, Isis, Epona, and gods of solar monism such as Mithras and Sol Invictus, found as far north as Roman Britain. Because Romans had never been obligated to cultivate one god or one cult only, religious tolerance was not an issue in the sense that it is for competing monotheistic systems. The monotheistic rigor of Judaism posed difficulties for Roman policy that led at times to compromise and the granting of special exemptions, but sometimes to intractable conflict. For example, religious disputes helped cause the First Jewish–Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: As

text: the

text: Romans

text: extended

text: their

text: dominance

text: throughout

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: their

text: policy

text: in

text: general

text: was

text: to

text: absorb

text: the

text: deities

text: and

text: cults

text: of

text: other

text: peoples

text: rather

text: than

text: try

text: to

text: eradicate

text: them

text: since

text: they

text: believed

text: that

text: preserving

text: tradition

text: promoted

text: social

text: stability

text: One

text: way

text: that

text: Rome

text: incorporated

text: diverse

text: peoples

text: was

text: by

text: supporting

text: their

text: religious

text: heritage

text: building

text: temples

text: to

text: local

text: deities

text: that

text: framed

text: their

text: theology

text: within

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: Roman

text: religion

text: Inscriptions

text: throughout

text: the

text: Empire

text: record

text: the

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: worship

text: of

text: local

text: and

text: Roman

text: deities

text: including

text: dedications

text: made

text: by

text: Romans

text: to

text: local

text: gods

text: By

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: numerous

text: international

text: deities

text: were

text: cultivated

text: at

text: Rome

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: carried

text: to

text: even

text: the

text: most

text: remote

text: provinces

text: among

text: them

text: Cybele

text: Isis

text: Epona

text: and

text: gods

text: of

text: solar

text: monism

text: such

text: as

text: Mithras

text: and

text: Sol

text: Invictus

text: found

text: as

text: far

text: north

text: as

text: Roman

text: Britain

text: Because

text: Romans

text: had

text: never

text: been

text: obligated

text: to

text: cultivate

text: one

text: god

text: or

text: one

text: cult

text: only

text: religious

text: tolerance

text: was

text: not

text: an

text: issue

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: for

text: competing

text: monotheistic

text: systems

text: The

text: monotheistic

text: rigor

text: of

text: Judaism

text: posed

text: difficulties

text: for

text: Roman

text: policy

text: that

text: led

text: at

text: times

text: to

text: compromise

text: and

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: special

text: exemptions

text: but

text: sometimes

text: to

text: intractable

text: conflict

text: For

text: example

text: religious

text: disputes

text: helped

text: cause

text: the

text: First

text: Jewish

text: Roman

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Bar

text: Kokhba

text: revolt

question: What did the Romans tend to do with local religions and deities in conquered areas?

answer: absorb

text: absorb

question: To the Romans what did them think promoted social stability?

answer: preserving tradition

text: preserving tradition

question: What facet of a foreign people did Rome add to itself to promote order?

answer: religious heritage

text: religious heritage

question: To what areas of the Roman empire did the Romans take their deities?

answer: remote provinces

text: remote provinces

question: What facet of religion was not an issue for Roman?

answer: tolerance

text: tolerance


text: Different phases of digestion take place including: the cephalic phase , gastric phase, and intestinal phase. The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex. Taste and smell stimuli are sent to the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. After this it is routed through the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Gastric secretion at this phase rises to 40% of maximum rate. Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and G cell (secretes gastrin) activity via D cell secretion of somatostatin. The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes. This activates the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates the release of more gastric juices. As protein enters the stomach, it binds to hydrogen ions, which raises the pH of the stomach. Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. This triggers G cells to release gastrin, which in turn stimulates parietal cells to secrete gastric acid. Gastric acid is about 0.5% hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH to the desired pH of 1-3. Acid release is also triggered by acetylcholine and histamine. The intestinal phase has two parts, the excitatory and the inhibitory. Partially digested food fills the duodenum. This triggers intestinal gastrin to be released. Enterogastric reflex inhibits vagal nuclei, activating sympathetic fibers causing the pyloric sphincter to tighten to prevent more food from entering, and inhibits local reflexes.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: Different

text: phases

text: of

text: digestion

text: take

text: place

text: including

text: the

text: cephalic

text: phase

text: gastric

text: phase

text: and

text: intestinal

text: phase

text: The

text: cephalic

text: phase

text: occurs

text: at

text: the

text: sight

text: thought

text: and

text: smell

text: of

text: food

text: which

text: stimulate

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: Taste

text: and

text: smell

text: stimuli

text: are

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: and

text: medulla

text: oblongata

text: After

text: this

text: it

text: is

text: routed

text: through

text: the

text: vagus

text: nerve

text: and

text: release

text: of

text: acetylcholine

text: Gastric

text: secretion

text: at

text: this

text: phase

text: rises

text: to

text: of

text: maximum

text: rate

text: Acidity

text: in

text: the

text: stomach

text: is

text: not

text: buffered

text: by

text: food

text: at

text: this

text: point

text: and

text: thus

text: acts

text: to

text: inhibit

text: parietal

text: secretes

text: acid

text: and

text: G

text: cell

text: secretes

text: gastrin

text: activity

text: via

text: D

text: cell

text: secretion

text: of

text: somatostatin

text: The

text: gastric

text: phase

text: takes

text: to

text: hours

text: It

text: is

text: stimulated

text: by

text: distension

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: presence

text: of

text: food

text: in

text: stomach

text: and

text: decrease

text: in

text: pH.

text: Distention

text: activates

text: long

text: and

text: myenteric

text: reflexes

text: This

text: activates

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: acetylcholine

text: which

text: stimulates

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: more

text: gastric

text: juices

text: As

text: protein

text: enters

text: the

text: stomach

text: it

text: binds

text: to

text: hydrogen

text: ions

text: which

text: raises

text: the

text: pH

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: Inhibition

text: of

text: gastrin

text: and

text: gastric

text: acid

text: secretion

text: is

text: lifted

text: This

text: triggers

text: G

text: cells

text: to

text: release

text: gastrin

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: stimulates

text: parietal

text: cells

text: to

text: secrete

text: gastric

text: acid

text: Gastric

text: acid

text: is

text: about

text: hydrochloric

text: acid

text: HCl

text: which

text: lowers

text: the

text: pH

text: to

text: the

text: desired

text: pH

text: of

text: Acid

text: release

text: is

text: also

text: triggered

text: by

text: acetylcholine

text: and

text: histamine

text: The

text: intestinal

text: phase

text: has

text: two

text: parts

text: the

text: excitatory

text: and

text: the

text: inhibitory

text: Partially

text: digested

text: food

text: fills

text: the

text: duodenum

text: This

text: triggers

text: intestinal

text: gastrin

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: Enterogastric

text: reflex

text: inhibits

text: vagal

text: nuclei

text: activating

text: sympathetic

text: fibers

text: causing

text: the

text: pyloric

text: sphincter

text: to

text: tighten

text: to

text: prevent

text: more

text: food

text: from

text: entering

text: and

text: inhibits

text: local

text: reflexes

question: What are three digestions phases?

answer: the cephalic phase , gastric phase, and intestinal phase

text: the cephalic phase , gastric phase, and intestinal phase

question: Where does the cephalic phase occur?

answer: at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex

text: at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex

question: Where are taste and smell stimuli sent to?

answer: the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

text: the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

question: How long does the gastric phase take?

answer: 3 to 4 hours

text: 3 to 4 hours

question: How is the gastric phase stimulated to start?

answer: by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH

text: by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH


text: Indigenous population in Peru make up around 45%. Native Peruvian traditions and customs have shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today. Cultural citizenship—or what Renato Rosaldo has called, "the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru. This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Indigenous

text: population

text: in

text: Peru

text: make

text: up

text: around

text: Native

text: Peruvian

text: traditions

text: and

text: customs

text: have

text: shaped

text: the

text: way

text: Peruvians

text: live

text: and

text: see

text: themselves

text: today

text: Cultural

text: citizenship

text: or

text: what

text: Renato

text: Rosaldo

text: has

text: called

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: be

text: different

text: and

text: to

text: belong

text: in

text: a

text: democratic

text: participatory

text: sense

text: not

text: yet

text: very

text: well

text: developed

text: in

text: Peru

text: This

text: is

text: perhaps

text: no

text: more

text: apparent

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: Amazonian

text: regions

text: where

text: indigenous

text: societies

text: continue

text: to

text: struggle

text: against

text: state

text: sponsored

text: economic

text: abuses

text: cultural

text: discrimination

text: and

text: pervasive

text: violence

question: What percentage of Peru's population is indigenous?

answer: 45%

question: What has shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today?

answer: Native Peruvian traditions

text: Native Peruvian traditions

question: What is not very well developed in Peru?

answer: Cultural citizenship

text: Cultural citizenship

question: What regions suffer from state-sponsored abuse and violence?

answer: Amazonian

text: Amazonian


text: Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Note

text: The

text: green

text: arrows

text: red

text: arrows

text: and

text: blue

text: dashes

text: represent

text: changes

text: in

text: rank

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: data

text: HDI

text: for

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: report

question: What dashes do not represent changes in rank?

text: blue dashes

question: What was published in 2001?

text: the 2012 report


text: The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that "treaties" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified (for the purposes of U.S. law) by any subsequent Act of Congress, just like with any other regular law. The Supreme Court also ruled in Reid v. Covert that any treaty provision that conflicts with the Constitution are null and void under U.S. law.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: ruled

text: in

text: the

text: Head

text: Money

text: Cases

text: that

text: treaties

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: privileged

text: position

text: over

text: Acts

text: of

text: Congress

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: repealed

text: or

text: modified

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: U.S.

text: law

text: by

text: any

text: subsequent

text: Act

text: of

text: Congress

text: just

text: like

text: with

text: any

text: other

text: regular

text: law

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: also

text: ruled

text: in

text: Reid

text: v.

text: Covert

text: that

text: any

text: treaty

text: provision

text: that

text: conflicts

text: with

text: the

text: Constitution

text: are

text: and

text: void

text: under

text: U.S.

text: law

question: In what cases did the US Supreme Court rule that treaties do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress?

answer: Head Money Cases

text: Head Money Cases

question: The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified by what for the purposes of US law?

answer: Act of Congress

text: Act of Congress

question: What Supreme Court case ruled that a treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is null and void under US law?

answer: Reid v. Covert

text: Reid v. Covert

question: The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified for the purposes of US law just like what by any subsequent Act of Congress?

answer: any other regular law

text: any other regular law

question: Any treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is considered what under US law?

answer: null and void

text: null and void