text: In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government would take control of all import, export and distribution functions, with state supermarkets replacing privately owned businesses; this led to a decline in the availability of consumer goods and the development of a thriving black market.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: In

text: the

text: committees

text: began

text: the

text: redistribution

text: of

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: Jefara

text: plain

text: continuing

text: through

text: In

text: May

text: measures

text: to

text: redistribute

text: and

text: equalize

text: wealth

text: were

text: implemented

text: anyone

text: with

text: over

text: dinar

text: in

text: his

text: bank

text: account

text: saw

text: that

text: extra

text: money

text: expropriated

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: the

text: GPC

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: would

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: all

text: import

text: export

text: and

text: distribution

text: functions

text: with

text: state

text: supermarkets

text: replacing

text: privately

text: owned

text: businesses

text: this

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: consumer

text: goods

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: thriving

text: black

text: market

question: Where did land redistribution begin in 1979?

answer: Jefara plain

text: Jefara plain

question: When did the Jefara plain land redistribution end?

answer: 1981

question: What was the maximum amount of money a person could have in their bank account without having it expropriated in 1980?

answer: 1000 dinar

text: 1000 dinar

question: As a result of the 1981 laws putting the government in control of commerce, what began to thrive?

answer: black market

text: black market

question: What took the place of private businesses in 1981?

answer: state supermarkets

text: state supermarkets


text: In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion the week prior. This interrupted the ability of corporations to rollover (replace) their short-term debt. The U.S. government responded by extending insurance for money market accounts analogous to bank deposit insurance via a temporary guarantee and with Federal Reserve programs to purchase commercial paper. The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatile for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008, reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: crisis

text: hit

text: its

text: most

text: critical

text: stage

text: There

text: was

text: the

text: equivalent

text: of

text: a

text: bank

text: run

text: on

text: the

text: money

text: market

text: funds

text: which

text: frequently

text: invest

text: in

text: commercial

text: paper

text: issued

text: by

text: corporations

text: to

text: fund

text: their

text: operations

text: and

text: payrolls

text: Withdrawal

text: from

text: money

text: markets

text: were

text: billion

text: during

text: one

text: week

text: versus

text: billion

text: the

text: week

text: prior

text: This

text: interrupted

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: corporations

text: to

text: rollover

text: replace

text: their

text: short

text: term

text: debt

text: The

text: U.S.

text: government

text: responded

text: by

text: extending

text: insurance

text: for

text: money

text: market

text: accounts

text: analogous

text: to

text: bank

text: deposit

text: insurance

text: via

text: a

text: temporary

text: guarantee

text: and

text: with

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: programs

text: to

text: purchase

text: commercial

text: paper

text: The

text: TED

text: spread

text: an

text: indicator

text: of

text: perceived

text: credit

text: risk

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: economy

text: spiked

text: up

text: in

text: July

text: remained

text: volatile

text: for

text: a

text: year

text: then

text: spiked

text: even

text: higher

text: in

text: September

text: reaching

text: a

text: record

text: on

text: October

question: When did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage?

answer: September 2008

text: September 2008

question: The equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in September 2008?

answer: money market funds

text: money market funds

question: What do money market funds frequently invest in?

answer: commercial paper issued by corporations

text: commercial paper issued by corporations

question: How much was withdrawn from money markets during one week in September 2008?

answer: $144.5 billion

text: $144.5 billion

question: What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008?

answer: 4.65%


text: Although John was the Count of Poitou and therefore the rightful feudal lord over the Lusignans, they could legitimately appeal John's actions in France to his own feudal lord, Philip. Hugh did exactly this in 1201 and Philip summoned John to attend court in Paris in 1202, citing the Le Goulet treaty to strengthen his case. John was unwilling to weaken his authority in western France in this way. He argued that he need not attend Philip's court because of his special status as the Duke of Normandy, who was exempt by feudal tradition from being called to the French court. Philip argued that he was summoning John not as the Duke of Normandy, but as the Count of Poitou, which carried no such special status. When John still refused to come, Philip declared John in breach of his feudal responsibilities, reassigned all of John's lands that fell under the French crown to Arthur – with the exception of Normandy, which he took back for himself – and began a fresh war against John.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Although

text: John

text: was

text: the

text: Count

text: of

text: Poitou

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: rightful

text: feudal

text: lord

text: over

text: the

text: Lusignans

text: they

text: could

text: legitimately

text: appeal

text: John

text: 's

text: actions

text: in

text: France

text: to

text: his

text: own

text: feudal

text: lord

text: Philip

text: Hugh

text: did

text: exactly

text: this

text: in

text: and

text: Philip

text: summoned

text: John

text: to

text: attend

text: court

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: citing

text: the

text: Le

text: Goulet

text: treaty

text: to

text: strengthen

text: his

text: case

text: John

text: was

text: unwilling

text: to

text: weaken

text: his

text: authority

text: in

text: western

text: France

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: He

text: argued

text: that

text: he

text: need

text: not

text: attend

text: Philip

text: 's

text: court

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: special

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Normandy

text: who

text: was

text: exempt

text: by

text: feudal

text: tradition

text: from

text: being

text: called

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: court

text: Philip

text: argued

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: summoning

text: John

text: not

text: as

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Normandy

text: but

text: as

text: the

text: Count

text: of

text: Poitou

text: which

text: carried

text: no

text: such

text: special

text: status

text: When

text: John

text: still

text: refused

text: to

text: come

text: Philip

text: declared

text: John

text: in

text: breach

text: of

text: his

text: feudal

text: responsibilities

text: reassigned

text: all

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: lands

text: that

text: fell

text: under

text: the

text: French

text: crown

text: to

text: Arthur

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Normandy

text: which

text: he

text: took

text: back

text: for

text: himself

text: and

text: began

text: a

text: fresh

text: war

text: against

text: John

question: When did Philip summon John to attend court?

answer: 1202

question: What was John summoned as?

answer: Count of Poitou

text: Count of Poitou


text: With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era. From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell. The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917. The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: With

text: the

text: new

text: stadium

text: Barcelona

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: inaugural

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: Cup

text: which

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: teams

text: of

text: Languedoc

text: Midi

text: and

text: Aquitaine

text: Southern

text: France

text: the

text: Basque

text: Country

text: and

text: Catalonia

text: all

text: were

text: former

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Marca

text: Hispanica

text: region

text: The

text: contest

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: prestigious

text: in

text: that

text: era

text: From

text: the

text: inaugural

text: year

text: in

text: to

text: Barcelona

text: won

text: the

text: competition

text: four

text: consecutive

text: times

text: Carles

text: Comamala

text: played

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: time

text: champion

text: managing

text: the

text: side

text: along

text: with

text: Amechazurra

text: and

text: Jack

text: Greenwell

text: The

text: latter

text: became

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: first

text: full

text: time

text: coach

text: in

text: The

text: last

text: edition

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: which

text: local

text: rivals

text: Espanyol

text: won

question: How many times did Barcelona win the Pyrenees Cup?

answer: four

text: four

question: From what area were the participants of the Pyrenees Cup competition?

answer: Marca Hispanica

text: Marca Hispanica

question: When was the Pyrenees Cup play begun?

answer: 1910

question: Who was Barcelona's first full time coach?

answer: Jack Greenwell

text: Jack Greenwell

question: When was the last Pyrenees Cup played?

answer: 1914


text: In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. An error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner." Later, it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners did not want their material removed.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: In

text: late

text: the

text: Internet

text: Archive

text: removed

text: various

text: sites

text: that

text: were

text: critical

text: of

text: Scientology

text: from

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: An

text: error

text: message

text: stated

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: request

text: by

text: the

text: site

text: owner

text: Later

text: it

text: was

text: clarified

text: that

text: lawyers

text: from

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: had

text: demanded

text: the

text: removal

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: site

text: owners

text: did

text: not

text: want

text: their

text: material

text: removed

question: Web pages that contained content critical of what religous movement were taken off of the Internet Archive in 2002?

answer: Scientology

text: Scientology

question: Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Internet Archive?

answer: the site owner

text: the site owner

question: Who was the actual party that requested the critical sites be taken down?

answer: Church of Scientology

text: Church of Scientology

question: Web pages that contained content critical of what religious movement were taken off of the Wayback Machine in 2002?

text: Scientology

question: Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Wayback Machine?

text: the site owner

question: Who was the actual party that requested the Wayback Machine to be taken down?

text: Church of Scientology

question: When did the Church of Scientology remove files?

text: late 2002

question: Who did not want the Wayback Machine removed?

text: site owners


text: Commercial solar water heaters began appearing in the United States in the 1890s. These systems saw increasing use until the 1920s but were gradually replaced by cheaper and more reliable heating fuels. As with photovoltaics, solar water heating attracted renewed attention as a result of the oil crises in the 1970s but interest subsided in the 1980s due to falling petroleum prices. Development in the solar water heating sector progressed steadily throughout the 1990s and growth rates have averaged 20% per year since 1999. Although generally underestimated, solar water heating and cooling is by far the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW as of 2007.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Commercial

text: solar

text: water

text: heaters

text: began

text: appearing

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: These

text: systems

text: saw

text: increasing

text: use

text: until

text: the

text: but

text: were

text: gradually

text: replaced

text: by

text: cheaper

text: and

text: more

text: reliable

text: heating

text: fuels

text: As

text: with

text: photovoltaics

text: solar

text: water

text: heating

text: attracted

text: renewed

text: attention

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: oil

text: crises

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: interest

text: subsided

text: in

text: the

text: due

text: to

text: falling

text: petroleum

text: prices

text: Development

text: in

text: the

text: solar

text: water

text: heating

text: sector

text: progressed

text: steadily

text: throughout

text: the

text: and

text: growth

text: rates

text: have

text: averaged

text: per

text: year

text: since

text: Although

text: generally

text: underestimated

text: solar

text: water

text: heating

text: and

text: cooling

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: deployed

text: solar

text: technology

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: capacity

text: of

text: GW

text: as

text: of

question: The solar water heaters introduced in the US in the 1890s saw growth until what time period?

answer: the 1920s

text: the 1920s

question: Since 1999, what average rate has the solar water heating sector progressed at?

answer: 20% per year

text: 20% per year

question: When did the use of solar water heaters in the US first begin?

answer: in the 1890s

text: in the 1890s

question: Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s?

answer: falling petroleum prices

text: falling petroleum prices

question: Growth of solar water heating development has averaged how much per year since 1999

answer: 20%

question: What was the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling in 2007?

answer: 154 GW

text: 154 GW


text: Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyterian (2.52%), Pentecostal (1.99%), Episcopalian (1.12%), Lutheran (1.06%), Latter-Day Saints (0.99%), and other Christian denominations (6.68%) including Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Christian Science, Christian Unitarianism, other Mainline Protestant groups, and non-denominational.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: religious

text: practitioners

text: As

text: of

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: are

text: affiliated

text: with

text: a

text: religion

text: The

text: predominant

text: religion

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: Christianity

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: numbers

text: of

text: adherents

text: being

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Baptist

text: and

text: Methodist

text: Others

text: include

text: Presbyterian

text: Pentecostal

text: Episcopalian

text: Lutheran

text: Latter

text: Day

text: Saints

text: and

text: other

text: Christian

text: denominations

text: including

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Coptic

text: Orthodox

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witness

text: Christian

text: Science

text: Christian

text: Unitarianism

text: other

text: Mainline

text: Protestant

text: groups

text: and

text: non

text: denominational

question: How many people are affiliated with religion?

answer: 46.41% of people

text: 46.41% of people

question: What is the main religion of Raleigh?

answer: Christianity

text: Christianity

question: What percent of Baptists are there in Raleigh?

answer: 10.85

question: What other denominations are there in Raleigh?

answer: Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness,

text: Eastern Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness,

question: How large of a percent does Lutheran's take up?

answer: 1.06%

question: How many people are affiliated with religion in 2014?

question: What religion is not present in Raleigh

text: Christianity

question: What percent of Baptists are there outside of Raleigh?

question: What other denominations are there outside of Raleigh?

question: What percentage are Buddhist?


text: Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak. Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy, allowing the state to keep taxes low. Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, gold, precious metals, zinc and other mining, seafood processing, timber and wood products. There is also a growing service and tourism sector. Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Employment

text: is

text: primarily

text: in

text: government

text: and

text: industries

text: such

text: as

text: natural

text: resource

text: extraction

text: shipping

text: and

text: transportation

text: Military

text: bases

text: are

text: a

text: significant

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: in

text: the

text: Fairbanks

text: North

text: Star

text: Anchorage

text: and

text: Kodiak

text: Island

text: boroughs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Kodiak

text: Federal

text: subsidies

text: are

text: also

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: allowing

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: keep

text: taxes

text: low

text: Its

text: industrial

text: outputs

text: are

text: crude

text: petroleum

text: natural

text: gas

text: coal

text: gold

text: precious

text: metals

text: zinc

text: and

text: other

text: mining

text: seafood

text: processing

text: timber

text: and

text: wood

text: products

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: growing

text: service

text: and

text: tourism

text: sector

text: Tourists

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: economy

text: by

text: supporting

text: local

text: lodging

question: In which Alaskan areas are military bases prevalent as an important part of the local economy?

answer: Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak

text: Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak

question: What program allows Alaska to keep low taxes?

answer: Federal subsidies

text: Federal subsidies

question: What are some of Alaska's industrial products?

answer: crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, gold, precious metals, zinc and other mining, seafood processing, timber and wood products

text: crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, gold, precious metals, zinc and other mining, seafood processing, timber and wood products

question: How, specifically, have tourists helped the local economy in Alaska?

answer: supporting local lodging

text: supporting local lodging

question: In which Alaskan areas are military bases prevalent as an unimportant part of the local economy?

question: In which Alaskan areas are civilian bases prevalent as an important part of the local economy?

question: What program allows Alaska to keep high taxes?

text: Federal subsidies

question: What aren't some of Alaska's industrial products?

question: How, specifically, have tourists helped the global economy in Alaska?

text: supporting local lodging


text: Flexible or so-called "unbreakable" records made of unusual materials were introduced by a number of manufacturers at various times during the 78 rpm era. In the UK, Nicole records, made of celluloid or a similar substance coated onto a cardboard core disc, were produced for a few years beginning in 1904, but they suffered from an exceptionally high level of surface noise. In the United States, Columbia Records introduced flexible, fiber-cored "Marconi Velvet Tone Record" pressings in 1907, but the advantages and longevity of their relatively noiseless surfaces depended on the scrupulous use of special gold-plated Marconi Needles and the product was not a success. Thin, flexible plastic records such as the German Phonycord and the British Filmophone and Goodson records appeared around 1930 but also did not last long. The contemporary French Pathé Cellodiscs, made of a very thin black plastic, which uncannily resembles the vinyl "sound sheet" magazine inserts of the 1965–1985 era, were similarly short-lived. In the US, Hit of the Week records, made of a patented translucent plastic called Durium coated on a heavy brown paper base, were introduced in early 1930. A new issue came out every week and they were sold at newsstands like a weekly magazine. Although inexpensive and commercially successful at first, they soon fell victim to the Great Depression and production in the US ended in 1932. Related Durium records continued to be made somewhat later in the UK and elsewhere, and as remarkably late as 1950 in Italy, where the name "Durium" survived far into the LP era as a trademark on ordinary vinyl records. Despite all these attempts at innovation, shellac compounds continued to be used for the overwhelming majority of commercial 78 rpm records during the lifetime of the format.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Flexible

text: or

text: so

text: called

text: unbreakable

text: records

text: made

text: of

text: unusual

text: materials

text: were

text: introduced

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: manufacturers

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: during

text: the

text: rpm

text: era

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: Nicole

text: records

text: made

text: of

text: celluloid

text: or

text: a

text: similar

text: substance

text: coated

text: onto

text: a

text: cardboard

text: core

text: disc

text: were

text: produced

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: beginning

text: in

text: but

text: they

text: suffered

text: from

text: an

text: exceptionally

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: surface

text: noise

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: introduced

text: flexible

text: fiber

text: cored

text: Marconi

text: Velvet

text: Tone

text: Record

text: pressings

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: advantages

text: and

text: longevity

text: of

text: their

text: relatively

text: noiseless

text: surfaces

text: depended

text: on

text: the

text: scrupulous

text: use

text: of

text: special

text: gold

text: plated

text: Marconi

text: Needles

text: and

text: the

text: product

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: success

text: Thin

text: flexible

text: plastic

text: records

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: German

text: Phonycord

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Filmophone

text: and

text: Goodson

text: records

text: appeared

text: around

text: but

text: also

text: did

text: not

text: last

text: long

text: The

text: contemporary

text: French

text: Pathé

text: Cellodiscs

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: very

text: thin

text: black

text: plastic

text: which

text: uncannily

text: resembles

text: the

text: vinyl

text: sound

text: sheet

text: magazine

text: inserts

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: were

text: similarly

text: short

text: lived

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: Hit

text: of

text: the

text: Week

text: records

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: patented

text: translucent

text: plastic

text: called

text: Durium

text: coated

text: on

text: a

text: heavy

text: brown

text: paper

text: base

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: early

text: A

text: new

text: issue

text: came

text: out

text: every

text: week

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: sold

text: at

text: newsstands

text: like

text: a

text: weekly

text: magazine

text: Although

text: inexpensive

text: and

text: commercially

text: successful

text: at

text: first

text: they

text: soon

text: fell

text: victim

text: to

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: and

text: production

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: ended

text: in

text: Related

text: Durium

text: records

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: somewhat

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: and

text: as

text: remarkably

text: late

text: as

text: in

text: Italy

text: where

text: the

text: name

text: Durium

text: survived

text: far

text: into

text: the

text: LP

text: era

text: as

text: a

text: trademark

text: on

text: ordinary

text: vinyl

text: records

text: Despite

text: all

text: these

text: attempts

text: at

text: innovation

text: shellac

text: compounds

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: commercial

text: rpm

text: records

text: during

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: the

text: format

question: What was a major downfall of the success of Durium records?

answer: Great Depression

text: Great Depression

question: What year were Durium records no longer released in the US?

answer: 1932

question: What are most 78 rpm records made of?

answer: shellac compounds

text: shellac compounds

question: What was a common problem found in early flexible records?

answer: surface noise

text: surface noise

question: What was the thin translucent plastic most successfully used to make discs called?

answer: Durium

text: Durium


text: Rheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke and became the 2 cm FlaK 38. Nevertheless, while 20 mm was better than a machine gun and mounted on a very small trailer made it easy to move, its effectiveness was limited. Germany therefore added a 3.7 cm. The first, the 3.7 cm FlaK 18 developed by Rheinmetall in the early 1930s, was basically an enlarged 2 cm FlaK 30. It was introduced in 1935 and production stopped the following year. A redesigned gun 3.7 cm FlaK 36 entered service in 1938, it too had a two-wheel carriage. However, by the mid-1930s the Luftwaffe realised that there was still a coverage gap between 3.7 cm and 8.8 cm guns. They started development of a 5 cm gun on a four-wheel carriage.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Rheinmetall

text: in

text: Germany

text: developed

text: an

text: automatic

text: mm

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Oerlikon

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: had

text: acquired

text: the

text: patent

text: to

text: an

text: automatic

text: mm

text: gun

text: designed

text: in

text: Germany

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: Germany

text: introduced

text: the

text: rapid

text: fire

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: it

text: was

text: redesigned

text: by

text: Mauser

text: Werke

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: Nevertheless

text: while

text: mm

text: was

text: better

text: than

text: a

text: machine

text: gun

text: and

text: mounted

text: on

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: trailer

text: made

text: it

text: easy

text: to

text: move

text: its

text: effectiveness

text: was

text: limited

text: Germany

text: therefore

text: added

text: a

text: cm

text: The

text: first

text: the

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: developed

text: by

text: Rheinmetall

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: was

text: basically

text: an

text: enlarged

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: It

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: and

text: production

text: stopped

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: A

text: redesigned

text: gun

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: entered

text: service

text: in

text: it

text: too

text: had

text: a

text: two

text: wheel

text: carriage

text: However

text: by

text: the

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: realised

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: coverage

text: gap

text: between

text: cm

text: and

text: cm

text: guns

text: They

text: started

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: cm

text: gun

text: on

text: a

text: four

text: wheel

text: carriage

question: In the 1920s, which company developed the automatic 20 mm?

answer: Rheinmetall

text: Rheinmetall

question: Which Switzerland company obtained the patent for an automatic 20 mm gun during the first World War?

answer: Oerlikon

text: Oerlikon

question: Which company redesigned the rapid fire 2 cm FlaK 30?

answer: Mauser-Werke

text: Mauser-Werke

question: What did Germany add to the 20 mm to make it more effective?

answer: a 3.7 cm

text: a 3.7 cm

question: When was the first 3.7 cm FlaK 18 introduced?

answer: 1935


text: The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of this climate because they are desert like.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: The

text: climate

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: is

text: mainly

text: tropical

text: hot

text: and

text: humid

text: all

text: year

text: round

text: with

text: plentiful

text: rainfall

text: Northern

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: the

text: Myanmar

text: Himalayas

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: regions

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: that

text: feature

text: a

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: cold

text: winter

text: with

text: snow

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: has

text: a

text: wet

text: and

text: dry

text: season

text: caused

text: by

text: seasonal

text: shift

text: in

text: winds

text: or

text: monsoon

text: The

text: tropical

text: rain

text: belt

text: causes

text: additional

text: rainfall

text: during

text: the

text: monsoon

text: season

text: The

text: rain

text: forest

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: on

text: earth

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: being

text: the

text: largest

text: An

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: climate

text: and

text: vegetation

text: is

text: the

text: mountain

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: region

text: where

text: high

text: altitudes

text: lead

text: to

text: milder

text: temperatures

text: and

text: drier

text: landscape

text: Other

text: parts

text: fall

text: out

text: of

text: this

text: climate

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: desert

text: like

question: What is the climate like in Southeast Asia?

answer: tropical–hot and humid

text: tropical–hot and humid

question: Which region has the 2nd largest rain-forest in the world?

answer: Southeast Asia

text: Southeast Asia

question: Which regions in Southeast Asia see cold winter with snow?

answer: Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas

text: Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas

question: What causes additional rainfall during monsoon?

answer: The tropical rain belt

text: The tropical rain belt

question: What causes the Southeast Asian regions to experience wet & dry seasons?

answer: seasonal shift in winds or monsoon

text: seasonal shift in winds or monsoon

question: What part of Asia is mostly subtropical?

text: Southeast

question: North Vietnam and what other region have atropical climate?

text: Myanmar Himalayas

question: What region has the largest rain forest in the world?

text: Southeast Asia

question: What is the climate like in the souther mountain region?

text: milder temperatures and drier landscape


text: The city is home to 15 am and FM radio stations, two of which are French-language stations. St. John's is the only Canadian city served by radio stations whose call letters do not all begin with the letter C. The ITU prefix VO was assigned to the Dominion of Newfoundland before the province joined Canadian Confederation in 1949, and three AM stations kept their existing call letters. However, other commercial radio stations in St. John's which went to air after 1949 use the same range of prefixes (CF–CK) currently in use elsewhere in Canada, with the exception of VOCM-FM, which was permitted to adopt the VOCM callsign because of its corporate association with the AM station that already bore that callsign. VO also remains in use in amateur radio.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: am

text: and

text: FM

text: radio

text: stations

text: two

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: French

text: language

text: stations

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: Canadian

text: city

text: served

text: by

text: radio

text: stations

text: whose

text: call

text: letters

text: do

text: not

text: all

text: begin

text: with

text: the

text: letter

text: C.

text: The

text: ITU

text: prefix

text: VO

text: was

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: Dominion

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: before

text: the

text: province

text: joined

text: Canadian

text: Confederation

text: in

text: and

text: three

text: AM

text: stations

text: kept

text: their

text: existing

text: call

text: letters

text: However

text: other

text: commercial

text: radio

text: stations

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: which

text: went

text: to

text: air

text: after

text: use

text: the

text: same

text: range

text: of

text: prefixes

text: CF

text: CK

text: currently

text: in

text: use

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: Canada

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: VOCM

text: FM

text: which

text: was

text: permitted

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: VOCM

text: callsign

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: corporate

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: AM

text: station

text: that

text: already

text: bore

text: that

text: callsign

text: VO

text: also

text: remains

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: amateur

text: radio

question: How many radio station does the city have?

answer: 15

question: How many French-language stations does the city have?

answer: two

text: two

question: When did the province join the Canadian Confederation?

answer: 1949

question: What city has 15 am stations

text: St. John's

question: What public station went on air in 1949?

text: VO


text: Historically, in North America, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the boll weevil. Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States. This program, along with the introduction of genetically engineered Bt cotton (which contains a bacterial gene that codes for a plant-produced protein that is toxic to a number of pests such as cotton bollworm and pink bollworm), has allowed a reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Historically

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: economically

text: destructive

text: pests

text: in

text: cotton

text: production

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: boll

text: weevil

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: Department

text: of

text: Agriculture

text: 's

text: highly

text: successful

text: Boll

text: Weevil

text: Eradication

text: Program

text: BWEP

text: this

text: pest

text: has

text: been

text: eliminated

text: from

text: cotton

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: This

text: program

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: genetically

text: engineered

text: Bt

text: cotton

text: which

text: contains

text: a

text: bacterial

text: gene

text: that

text: codes

text: for

text: a

text: plant

text: produced

text: protein

text: that

text: is

text: toxic

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: pests

text: such

text: as

text: cotton

text: bollworm

text: and

text: pink

text: bollworm

text: has

text: allowed

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: synthetic

text: insecticides

question: What insect is the most destructive pest in cotton growing in the US?

answer: boll weevil

text: boll weevil

question: What program has effectively eliminated the boll weevil in the US?

answer: Boll Weevil Eradication Program

text: Boll Weevil Eradication Program

question: What is the organization that instigated the Boll Weevil Eradication Program?

answer: US Department of Agriculture

text: US Department of Agriculture

question: What form of cotton contains a genetically modified gene?

answer: Bt cotton

text: Bt cotton

question: On what does the use of Bt cotton reduce reliance?

answer: synthetic insecticides.

text: synthetic insecticides.

question: What insect is the most destructive pest in cotton growing in the BWEP?

text: boll weevil

question: What program has effectively eliminated pests in the US?

text: Boll Weevil Eradication Program

question: What is the organization that instigated the boll weevil?

text: US Department of Agriculture

question: What form of cotton contains a genetically modified pest?

text: Bt cotton

question: On what does the use of BWEP reduce reliance?

text: synthetic insecticides


text: One of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise the institution were initially ignored; in February 2008, however, the British government (having failed to find a private sector buyer) relented, and the bank was taken into public hands. Northern Rock's problems proved to be an early indication of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: victims

text: was

text: Northern

text: Rock

text: a

text: medium

text: sized

text: British

text: bank

text: The

text: highly

text: leveraged

text: nature

text: of

text: its

text: business

text: led

text: the

text: bank

text: to

text: request

text: security

text: from

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: England

text: This

text: in

text: turn

text: led

text: to

text: investor

text: panic

text: and

text: a

text: bank

text: run

text: in

text: mid

text: September

text: Calls

text: by

text: Liberal

text: Democrat

text: Treasury

text: Spokesman

text: Vince

text: Cable

text: to

text: nationalise

text: the

text: institution

text: were

text: initially

text: ignored

text: in

text: February

text: however

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: having

text: failed

text: to

text: find

text: a

text: private

text: sector

text: buyer

text: relented

text: and

text: the

text: bank

text: was

text: taken

text: into

text: public

text: hands

text: Northern

text: Rock

text: 's

text: problems

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: early

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: troubles

text: that

text: would

text: soon

text: befall

text: other

text: banks

text: and

text: financial

text: institutions

question: Which medium sized British bank was the first victim of the financial crisis?

answer: Northern Rock

text: Northern Rock

question: Who did Northern Rock request security from?

answer: Bank of England

text: Bank of England

question: When did Northern Rock investors panic and a bank run begin?

answer: September 2007

text: September 2007

question: When was Northern Rock taken into public hands?

answer: February 2008

text: February 2008

question: Which bank early problems in 2007 were an indicator of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions?

answer: Northern Rock

text: Northern Rock


text: Each trace consists of a flat, narrow part of the copper foil that remains after etching. The resistance, determined by width and thickness, of the traces must be sufficiently low for the current the conductor will carry. Power and ground traces may need to be wider than signal traces. In a multi-layer board one entire layer may be mostly solid copper to act as a ground plane for shielding and power return. For microwave circuits, transmission lines can be laid out in the form of stripline and microstrip with carefully controlled dimensions to assure a consistent impedance. In radio-frequency and fast switching circuits the inductance and capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant circuit elements, usually undesired; but they can be used as a deliberate part of the circuit design, obviating the need for additional discrete components.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Each

text: trace

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: flat

text: narrow

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: copper

text: foil

text: that

text: remains

text: after

text: etching

text: The

text: resistance

text: determined

text: by

text: width

text: and

text: thickness

text: of

text: the

text: traces

text: must

text: be

text: sufficiently

text: low

text: for

text: the

text: current

text: the

text: conductor

text: will

text: carry

text: Power

text: and

text: ground

text: traces

text: may

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: wider

text: than

text: signal

text: traces

text: In

text: a

text: multi

text: layer

text: board

text: one

text: entire

text: layer

text: may

text: be

text: mostly

text: solid

text: copper

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: ground

text: plane

text: for

text: shielding

text: and

text: power

text: return

text: For

text: microwave

text: circuits

text: transmission

text: lines

text: can

text: be

text: laid

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: stripline

text: and

text: microstrip

text: with

text: carefully

text: controlled

text: dimensions

text: to

text: assure

text: a

text: consistent

text: impedance

text: In

text: radio

text: frequency

text: and

text: fast

text: switching

text: circuits

text: the

text: inductance

text: and

text: capacitance

text: of

text: the

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: conductors

text: become

text: significant

text: circuit

text: elements

text: usually

text: undesired

text: but

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: deliberate

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: circuit

text: design

text: obviating

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: additional

text: discrete

text: components

question: What process is a trace left over from?

answer: etching

text: etching

question: Along with thickness, what determines the resistance of a trace?

answer: width

text: width

question: What type of trace is often narrower than a ground trace?

answer: signal

text: signal

question: In a multi-layer board, what metal would a ground plane be mostly made out of?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What type of circuits use a stripline and microstrip format?

answer: microwave circuits

text: microwave circuits

question: What consists of a wide, curved part of copper foil?

text: Each trace

question: What needs to be narrower than signal traces?

text: Power and ground traces

question: For microwave boards, transmission can be laid out how?

text: in the form of stripline and microstrip

question: What does not remain after etching?

text: copper foil


text: Central, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Central and Western Catalan as well.[vague] As a result, Central Catalan has a much higher incidence of /e/.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Central

text: Western

text: and

text: Balearic

text: differ

text: in

text: the

text: lexical

text: incidence

text: of

text: stressed

text: /e/

text: and

text: /ɛ/.

text: Usually

text: words

text: with

text: /ɛ/

text: in

text: Central

text: Catalan

text: correspond

text: to

text: /ə/

text: in

text: Balearic

text: and

text: /e/

text: in

text: Western

text: Catalan

text: Words

text: with

text: /e/

text: in

text: Balearic

text: almost

text: always

text: have

text: /e/

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Catalan

text: as

text: well.[vague

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Central

text: Catalan

text: has

text: a

text: much

text: higher

text: incidence

text: of

text: /e/.

question: What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western?

answer: Balearic

text: Balearic

question: What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of?

answer: /e/

text: /e/

question: What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central,  Western and Belearic?

answer: higher incidence

text: higher incidence


text: Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: Possibly

text: the

text: first

text: house

text: erected

text: within

text: the

text: site

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: Sir

text: William

text: Blake

text: around

text: The

text: next

text: owner

text: was

text: Lord

text: Goring

text: who

text: from

text: extended

text: Blake

text: 's

text: house

text: and

text: developed

text: much

text: of

text: today

text: 's

text: garden

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: Goring

text: Great

text: Garden

text: He

text: did

text: not

text: however

text: obtain

text: the

text: freehold

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: mulberry

text: garden

text: Unbeknown

text: to

text: Goring

text: in

text: the

text: document

text: failed

text: to

text: pass

text: the

text: Great

text: Seal

text: before

text: King

text: Charles

text: I

text: fled

text: London

text: which

text: it

text: needed

text: to

text: do

text: for

text: legal

text: execution

text: It

text: was

text: this

text: critical

text: omission

text: that

text: helped

text: the

text: British

text: royal

text: family

text: regain

text: the

text: freehold

text: under

text: King

text: George

text: III

question: Who built the first house on the site?

answer: Sir William Blake

text: Sir William Blake

question: Which owner developed much of the garden still seen today?

answer: Lord Goring

text: Lord Goring

question: What was Lord Goring's garden known as?

answer: Goring Great Garden

text: Goring Great Garden

question: Under which king did the Royal Family regain the freehold title of the property?

answer: King George III

text: King George III

question: Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London?

answer: King Charles I

text: King Charles I

question: Who owned the first house built on the site?

answer: Sir William Blake

text: Sir William Blake

question: Who developed what is much of today's garden at Buckingham?

answer: Lord Goring

text: Lord Goring

question: What was the name of Lord Goring Garden?

answer: Goring Great Garden

text: Goring Great Garden

question: Which king fled to London leaving allowing the Royal family to keep it's freehold on the property?

answer: King Charles I

text: King Charles I

question: Who demolished the first house on the site?

text: Sir William Blake

question: Which owner developed none of the garden still seen today?

text: Lord Goring

question: What was Lord Goring's garden mistakenly known as?

text: Goring Great Garden

question: Which king executed Goring's freehold document before staying in London?

text: King Charles I

question: Who removed the last house built on the site?

text: Sir William Blake


text: A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retaining party members, and also chairs party meetings). Most of the above positions are also members of the party executive, the leading organization which sets policy for the entire party at the national level. The structure is far more decentralized in the United States because of the separation of powers, federalism and the multiplicity of economic interests and religious sects. Even state parties are decentralized as county and other local committees are largely independent of state central committees. The national party leader in the U.S. will be the president, if the party holds that office, or a prominent member of Congress in opposition (although a big-state governor may aspire to that role). Officially, each party has a chairman for its national committee who is a prominent spokesman, organizer and fund-raiser, but without the status of prominent elected office holders.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: A

text: political

text: party

text: is

text: typically

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: party

text: leader

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: member

text: and

text: spokesperson

text: representing

text: the

text: party

text: a

text: party

text: secretary

text: who

text: maintains

text: the

text: daily

text: work

text: and

text: records

text: of

text: party

text: meetings

text: party

text: treasurer

text: who

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: membership

text: dues

text: and

text: party

text: chair

text: who

text: forms

text: strategies

text: for

text: recruiting

text: and

text: retaining

text: party

text: members

text: and

text: also

text: chairs

text: party

text: meetings

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: above

text: positions

text: are

text: also

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: executive

text: the

text: leading

text: organization

text: which

text: sets

text: policy

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: party

text: at

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: The

text: structure

text: is

text: far

text: more

text: decentralized

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: powers

text: federalism

text: and

text: the

text: multiplicity

text: of

text: economic

text: interests

text: and

text: religious

text: sects

text: Even

text: state

text: parties

text: are

text: decentralized

text: as

text: county

text: and

text: other

text: local

text: committees

text: are

text: largely

text: independent

text: of

text: state

text: central

text: committees

text: The

text: national

text: party

text: leader

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: president

text: if

text: the

text: party

text: holds

text: that

text: office

text: or

text: a

text: prominent

text: member

text: of

text: Congress

text: in

text: opposition

text: although

text: a

text: big

text: state

text: governor

text: may

text: aspire

text: to

text: that

text: role

text: Officially

text: each

text: party

text: has

text: a

text: chairman

text: for

text: its

text: national

text: committee

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: prominent

text: spokesman

text: organizer

text: and

text: fund

text: raiser

text: but

text: without

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: prominent

text: elected

text: office

text: holders

question: Do political parties have a Party leader?

answer: A political party is typically led by a party leader

text: A political party is typically led by a party leader

question: Who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings?

answer: party secretary

text: party secretary

question: Who is responsible for the membership fees and expenses?

answer: party treasurer

text: party treasurer

question: Who is responsible for recruiting and maintaining party members?

answer: party chair

text: party chair

question: Who is a fund-raiser usually lead by?

text: a party leader

question: What is the definition of a fund-raiser?

question: What are the duties of a national committee?

question: What does a state governor do?

question: What role do most spokesmen aspire to?

text: president


text: The Duchy of Lancaster is one of two royal duchies in England. It has landholdings throughout the region and elsewhere, operating as a property company, but also exercising the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster. While the administrative boundaries changed in the 1970s, the county palatine boundaries remain the same as the historic boundaries. As a result, the High Sheriffs for Lancashire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside are appointed "within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster".

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: The

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: royal

text: duchies

text: in

text: England

text: It

text: has

text: landholdings

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: operating

text: as

text: a

text: property

text: company

text: but

text: also

text: exercising

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: in

text: the

text: County

text: Palatine

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: While

text: the

text: administrative

text: boundaries

text: changed

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: county

text: palatine

text: boundaries

text: remain

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: historic

text: boundaries

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: High

text: Sheriffs

text: for

text: Lancashire

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: and

text: Merseyside

text: are

text: appointed

text: within

text: the

text: Duchy

text: and

text: County

text: Palatine

text: of

text: Lancaster

question: When did the administrative boundaries for the Duchy of Lancaster change?

answer: 1970s

question: What is the Duchy of Lancaster?

answer: one of two royal duchies in England

text: one of two royal duchies in England

question: What does the Duchy of Lancaster operate as?

answer: a property company

text: a property company

question: Who are appointed within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancater?

answer: High Sheriffs

text: High Sheriffs

question: Who exercises the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster?

answer: The Duchy of Lancaster

text: The Duchy of Lancaster

question: In what decade was the County Palatine of Lancaster established?

question: What is the other royal duchy of England beyond the Duchy of Lancaster?

text: Merseyside

question: When was the Duchy of Lancaster established?

question: What county lies to the east of Lancashire?

text: Greater Manchester


text: The city went through serious troubles in the mid-fourteenth century. On the one hand were the decimation of the population by the Black Death of 1348 and subsequent years of epidemics — and on the other, the series of wars and riots that followed. Among these were the War of the Union, a citizen revolt against the excesses of the monarchy, led by Valencia as the capital of the kingdom — and the war with Castile, which forced the hurried raising of a new wall to resist Castilian attacks in 1363 and 1364. In these years the coexistence of the three communities that occupied the city—Christian, Jewish and Muslim — was quite contentious. The Jews who occupied the area around the waterfront had progressed economically and socially, and their quarter gradually expanded its boundaries at the expense of neighbouring parishes. Meanwhile, Muslims who remained in the city after the conquest were entrenched in a Moorish neighbourhood next to the present-day market Mosen Sorel. In 1391 an uncontrolled mob attacked the Jewish quarter, causing its virtual disappearance and leading to the forced conversion of its surviving members to Christianity. The Muslim quarter was attacked during a similar tumult among the populace in 1456, but the consequences were minor.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: The

text: city

text: went

text: through

text: serious

text: troubles

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: fourteenth

text: century

text: On

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: were

text: the

text: decimation

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: of

text: and

text: subsequent

text: years

text: of

text: epidemics

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: wars

text: and

text: riots

text: that

text: followed

text: Among

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: a

text: citizen

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: excesses

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: led

text: by

text: Valencia

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: Castile

text: which

text: forced

text: the

text: hurried

text: raising

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: wall

text: to

text: resist

text: Castilian

text: attacks

text: in

text: and

text: In

text: these

text: years

text: the

text: coexistence

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: communities

text: that

text: occupied

text: the

text: city

text: Christian

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Muslim

text: was

text: quite

text: contentious

text: The

text: Jews

text: who

text: occupied

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: the

text: waterfront

text: had

text: progressed

text: economically

text: and

text: socially

text: and

text: their

text: quarter

text: gradually

text: expanded

text: its

text: boundaries

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: neighbouring

text: parishes

text: Meanwhile

text: Muslims

text: who

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: after

text: the

text: conquest

text: were

text: entrenched

text: in

text: a

text: Moorish

text: neighbourhood

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: market

text: Mosen

text: Sorel

text: In

text: an

text: uncontrolled

text: mob

text: attacked

text: the

text: Jewish

text: quarter

text: causing

text: its

text: virtual

text: disappearance

text: and

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: forced

text: conversion

text: of

text: its

text: surviving

text: members

text: to

text: Christianity

text: The

text: Muslim

text: quarter

text: was

text: attacked

text: during

text: a

text: similar

text: tumult

text: among

text: the

text: populace

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: consequences

text: were

text: minor

question: When did Valencia suffer from the Black Death?

answer: 1348

question: Which three religious groups lived in Valencia?

answer: Christian, Jewish and Muslim

text: Christian, Jewish and Muslim

question: The Muslims lived near what current market?

answer: Mosen Sorel

text: Mosen Sorel

question: When was the Jewish section attacked?

answer: 1391

question: When was the Muslim section attacked?

answer: 1456


text: The Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics. The July Monarchy was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. The Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Bourbon

text: Restoration

text: followed

text: the

text: ousting

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: I

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: The

text: Allies

text: restored

text: the

text: Bourbon

text: Dynasty

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: throne

text: The

text: ensuing

text: period

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Restoration

text: following

text: French

text: usage

text: and

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: sharp

text: conservative

text: reaction

text: and

text: the

text: re

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: as

text: a

text: power

text: in

text: French

text: politics

text: The

text: July

text: Monarchy

text: was

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: liberal

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: in

text: France

text: under

text: King

text: Louis

text: Philippe

text: starting

text: with

text: the

text: July

text: Revolution

text: or

text: Three

text: Glorious

text: Days

text: of

text: and

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Revolution

text: of

text: The

text: Second

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Bonapartist

text: regime

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: from

text: to

text: between

text: the

text: Second

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: Third

text: Republic

text: in

text: France

question: The Bourbon Restoration followed what event?

answer: Napoleon I of France

text: Napoleon I of France

question: What is the Bourbon Restoration?

answer: Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne.

text: Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne.

question: What is the July Monarchy?

answer: a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe

text: a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe

question: What is the second empires?

answer: the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III

text: the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III

question: Through what period did the second empire last?

answer: 1852 to 1870

text: 1852 to 1870


text: Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.:51 To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures which are still standing today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. It is the biggest single segment of Micronesia, the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Despite

text: Magellan

text: 's

text: visit

text: Guam

text: was

text: not

text: officially

text: claimed

text: by

text: Spain

text: until

text: January

text: by

text: General

text: Miguel

text: López

text: de

text: From

text: to

text: Guam

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: the

text: only

text: Spanish

text: outpost

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: resting

text: stop

text: for

text: the

text: Manila

text: galleons

text: a

text: fleet

text: that

text: covered

text: the

text: Pacific

text: trade

text: route

text: between

text: Acapulco

text: and

text: To

text: protect

text: these

text: Pacific

text: fleets

text: Spain

text: built

text: several

text: defensive

text: structures

text: which

text: are

text: still

text: standing

text: today

text: such

text: as

text: Fort

text: Nuestra

text: Señora

text: de

text: la

text: Soledad

text: in

text: Umatac

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: single

text: segment

text: of

text: Micronesia

text: the

text: largest

text: islands

text: between

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Kyushu

text: Japan

text: New

text: Guinea

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

question: In what year was Guam claimed by Spain?

answer: 1565

question: What was the name of the general who claimed Guam?

answer: General Miguel López de Legazpi

text: General Miguel López de Legazpi

question: What did Spain build to protect their fleet at Guam?

answer: built several defensive structures

text: built several defensive structures

question: What Spanish outposts was there west of the Philippines?

text: Guam

question: In what country is Acapulco?

text: the Philippines

question: In what country is Manila?

text: Spain

question: In what year was Fort Nuestra Senora de la Soledad built?

question: What was an important resting stop for Manila galleons on the Atlantic trade route?

text: New Guinea


text: Procopius wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times." He describes their social structure and beliefs:

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Procopius

text: wrote

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: Sclaveni

text: and

text: the

text: Antae

text: actually

text: had

text: a

text: single

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: remote

text: past

text: for

text: they

text: were

text: both

text: called

text: Spori

text: in

text: olden

text: times

text: He

text: describes

text: their

text: social

text: structure

text: and

text: beliefs

question: Who wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?

answer: Procopius

text: Procopius

question: When did Procopius write that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?

answer: 545

question: Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what?

answer: Spori

text: Spori

question: What does Procopius describe in his writings of the Sclaveni and Antae?

answer: their social structure and beliefs

text: their social structure and beliefs

question: Who did Procopius write about in 545?

answer: the Sclaveni and the Antae

text: the Sclaveni and the Antae

question: Who called the Sclaveni Spori in olden times?

text: Procopius

question: In what year were the Sclaveni and Antae called Spori?

question: What were both Sclaveni and Spori once called?

text: Antae

question: What did Procopius write about in olden times?

text: the Sclaveni and the Antae

question: What did the Spori describe in 545?

text: their social structure and beliefs


text: Hirsch held the opinion that Judaism demands an application of Torah thought to the entire realm of human experience, including the secular disciplines. His approach was termed the Torah im Derech Eretz approach, or "neo-Orthodoxy". While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews should attempt to engage and influence the modern world, and encouraged those secular studies compatible with Torah thought. This pattern of religious and secular involvement has been evident at many times in Jewish history. Scholars[who?] believe it was characteristic of the Jews in Babylon during the Amoraic and Geonic periods, and likewise in early medieval Spain, shown by their engagement with both Muslim and Christian society. It appeared as the traditional response to cultural and scientific innovation.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: Hirsch

text: held

text: the

text: opinion

text: that

text: Judaism

text: demands

text: an

text: application

text: of

text: Torah

text: thought

text: to

text: the

text: entire

text: realm

text: of

text: human

text: experience

text: including

text: the

text: secular

text: disciplines

text: His

text: approach

text: was

text: termed

text: the

text: Torah

text: i

text: m

text: Derech

text: Eretz

text: approach

text: or

text: neo

text: Orthodoxy

text: While

text: insisting

text: on

text: strict

text: adherence

text: to

text: Jewish

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: he

text: held

text: that

text: Jews

text: should

text: attempt

text: to

text: engage

text: and

text: influence

text: the

text: modern

text: world

text: and

text: encouraged

text: those

text: secular

text: studies

text: compatible

text: with

text: Torah

text: thought

text: This

text: pattern

text: of

text: religious

text: and

text: secular

text: involvement

text: has

text: been

text: evident

text: at

text: many

text: times

text: in

text: Jewish

text: history

text: Scholars[who

text: believe

text: it

text: was

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: in

text: Babylon

text: during

text: the

text: Amoraic

text: and

text: Geonic

text: periods

text: and

text: likewise

text: in

text: early

text: medieval

text: Spain

text: shown

text: by

text: their

text: engagement

text: with

text: both

text: Muslim

text: and

text: Christian

text: society

text: It

text: appeared

text: as

text: the

text: traditional

text: response

text: to

text: cultural

text: and

text: scientific

text: innovation

question: Who held the opinion that judiasm demands and application of torah thought to the entire realm of human experience?

answer: Hirsch

text: Hirsch

question: What was Hirsch's approach called?

answer: Torah im Derech Eretz

text: Torah im Derech Eretz

question: What was the Torah im Dereche Eretz aslo known as?

answer: neo-Orthodoxy

text: neo-Orthodoxy

question: The Torah im Derech Eretz insisted that Jews should attempt to engage and influence what?

answer: modern world

text: modern world

question: Who held that Judaism demands an application of the bible through human experience?

text: Hirsch

question: What discipline is not included in Hirsch's opinion?

text: secular

question: Where did Hirsch believe that Jewish beliefs had no influence?

text: the modern world

question: What studies were not encouraged by Hirsch?

text: secular studies

question: What two societies did the Jews refuse to engage with?

text: Muslim and Christian


text: In 1952, the United States elected a new president, and on 29 November 1952, the president-elect, Dwight D. Eisenhower, went to Korea to learn what might end the Korean War. With the United Nations' acceptance of India's proposed Korean War armistice, the KPA, the PVA, and the UN Command ceased fire with the battle line approximately at the 38th parallel. Upon agreeing to the armistice, the belligerents established the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which has since been patrolled by the KPA and ROKA, United States, and Joint UN Commands.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: elected

text: a

text: new

text: president

text: and

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: president

text: elect

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: went

text: to

text: Korea

text: to

text: learn

text: what

text: might

text: end

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: With

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: acceptance

text: of

text: India

text: 's

text: proposed

text: Korean

text: War

text: armistice

text: the

text: KPA

text: the

text: PVA

text: and

text: the

text: UN

text: Command

text: ceased

text: fire

text: with

text: the

text: battle

text: line

text: approximately

text: at

text: the

text: parallel

text: Upon

text: agreeing

text: to

text: the

text: armistice

text: the

text: belligerents

text: established

text: the

text: Korean

text: Demilitarized

text: Zone

text: DMZ

text: which

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: patrolled

text: by

text: the

text: KPA

text: and

text: ROKA

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Joint

text: UN

text: Commands

question: Who did the US elect as president during the Korean War?

answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower

question: Who approved the Korean War armistice that officially declared a ceasefire?

answer: the United Nations

text: the United Nations

question: What area was created by the parties involved in the Korean conflict?

answer: Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

text: Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

question: Along with the Joint UN Commands, ROKA and KPA, what country also still patrols the demilitarized zone?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: What was one of the first things that the newly-elected Dwight Eisenhower did after the election?

answer: went to Korea to learn what might end the Korean War

text: went to Korea to learn what might end the Korean War


text: British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the President of the Somali Republic and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister (later to become President from 1967 to 1969). On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, the people of Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. In 1967, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal became Prime Minister, a position to which he was appointed by Shermarke. Egal would later become the President of the autonomous Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: British

text: Somaliland

text: became

text: independent

text: on

text: June

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Somaliland

text: and

text: the

text: Trust

text: Territory

text: of

text: Somalia

text: the

text: former

text: Italian

text: Somaliland

text: followed

text: suit

text: five

text: days

text: later

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: two

text: territories

text: united

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Somali

text: Republic

text: albeit

text: within

text: boundaries

text: drawn

text: up

text: by

text: Italy

text: and

text: Britain

text: A

text: government

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: Abdullahi

text: Issa

text: Mohamud

text: and

text: Muhammad

text: Haji

text: Ibrahim

text: Egal

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: trusteeship

text: and

text: protectorate

text: governments

text: with

text: Haji

text: Bashir

text: Ismail

text: Yusuf

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: National

text: Assembly

text: Aden

text: Abdullah

text: Osman

text: Daar

text: as

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: Republic

text: and

text: Abdirashid

text: Ali

text: Shermarke

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: later

text: to

text: become

text: President

text: from

text: to

text: On

text: July

text: and

text: through

text: a

text: popular

text: referendum

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Somalia

text: ratified

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: which

text: was

text: first

text: drafted

text: in

text: In

text: Muhammad

text: Haji

text: Ibrahim

text: Egal

text: became

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: a

text: position

text: to

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: Shermarke

text: Egal

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: autonomous

text: Somaliland

text: region

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Somalia

question: On what date did British Somaliland gain independence?

answer: 26 June 1960

text: 26 June 1960

question: What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence?

answer: the State of Somaliland

text: the State of Somaliland

question: What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland?

answer: the Trust Territory of Somalia

text: the Trust Territory of Somalia

question: On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite?

answer: 1 July 1960

text: 1 July 1960

question: Who was the first President of the Somali Republic?

answer: Aden Abdullah Osman Daar

text: Aden Abdullah Osman Daar


text: There has been a trend in writing the history of this period to depict Hellenistic art as a decadent style, following of the Golden Age of Classical Athens. Pliny the Elder, after having described the sculpture of the classical period says: Cessavit deinde ars ("then art disappeared"). The 18th century terms Baroque and Rococo have sometimes been applied, to the art of this complex and individual period. The renewal of the historiographical approach as well as some recent discoveries, such as the tombs of Vergina, allow a better appreciation of this period's artistic richness.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: There

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: trend

text: in

text: writing

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: to

text: depict

text: Hellenistic

text: art

text: as

text: a

text: decadent

text: style

text: following

text: of

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Classical

text: Athens

text: Pliny

text: the

text: Elder

text: after

text: having

text: described

text: the

text: sculpture

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: says

text: Cessavit

text: deinde

text: ars

text: then

text: art

text: disappeared

text: The

text: century

text: terms

text: Baroque

text: and

text: Rococo

text: have

text: sometimes

text: been

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: this

text: complex

text: and

text: individual

text: period

text: The

text: renewal

text: of

text: the

text: historiographical

text: approach

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: recent

text: discoveries

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: tombs

text: of

text: Vergina

text: allow

text: a

text: better

text: appreciation

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: 's

text: artistic

text: richness

question: Who said "then art dissapeared"?

answer: Pliny the Elder

text: Pliny the Elder

question: The discovery of what tombs raised the profile of Hellenistic art?

answer: Vergina

text: Vergina

question: Hellenistic art is describe as decadent mainly due to it following which style  period?

answer: Golden Age of Classical Athens

text: Golden Age of Classical Athens

question: What century do the terms Baroque and Rococo come from?

answer: 18th


text: Occasionally a bisyllabic word is written with two characters that contain the same radical, as in 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly", where both characters have the insect radical 虫. A notable example is pipa (a Chinese lute, also a fruit, the loquat, of similar shape) – originally written as 批把 with the hand radical, referring to the down and up strokes when playing this instrument, which was then changed to 枇杷 (tree radical), which is still used for the fruit, while the character was changed to 琵琶 when referring to the instrument. In other cases a compound word may coincidentally share a radical without this being meaningful.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Occasionally

text: a

text: bisyllabic

text: word

text: is

text: written

text: with

text: two

text: characters

text: that

text: contain

text: the

text: same

text: radical

text: as

text: in

text: 蝴蝶

text: húdié

text: butterfly

text: where

text: both

text: characters

text: have

text: the

text: insect

text: radical

text: 虫.

text: A

text: notable

text: example

text: is

text: pipa

text: a

text: Chinese

text: lute

text: also

text: a

text: fruit

text: the

text: loquat

text: of

text: similar

text: shape

text: originally

text: written

text: as

text: 批把

text: with

text: the

text: hand

text: radical

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: down

text: and

text: up

text: strokes

text: when

text: playing

text: this

text: instrument

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: changed

text: to

text: 枇杷

text: tree

text: radical

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: fruit

text: while

text: the

text: character

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: 琵琶

text: when

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: instrument

text: In

text: other

text: cases

text: a

text: compound

text: word

text: may

text: coincidentally

text: share

text: a

text: radical

text: without

text: this

text: being

text: meaningful

question: What is occasionally written with two characters that contain the same radical?

answer: bisyllabic word

text: bisyllabic word

question: What is also a fruit?

answer: pipa

text: pipa

question: What may share a radical without being meaningful?

answer: compound word

text: compound word


text: The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's takeover was reinforced with propaganda that portrayed the Merovingians as inept or cruel rulers, exalted the accomplishments of Charles Martel, and circulated stories of the family's great piety. At the time of his death in 768, Pippin left his kingdom in the hands of his two sons, Charles (r. 768–814) and Carloman (r. 768–771). When Carloman died of natural causes, Charles blocked the succession of Carloman's young son and installed himself as the king of the united Austrasia and Neustria. Charles, more often known as Charles the Great or Charlemagne, embarked upon a programme of systematic expansion in 774 that unified a large portion of Europe, eventually controlling modern-day France, northern Italy, and Saxony. In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land. In 774, Charlemagne conquered the Lombards, which freed the papacy from the fear of Lombard conquest and marked the beginnings of the Papal States.[L]

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: Carolingian

text: dynasty

text: as

text: the

text: successors

text: to

text: Charles

text: Martel

text: are

text: known

text: officially

text: took

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Austrasia

text: and

text: Neustria

text: in

text: a

text: coup

text: of

text: led

text: by

text: Pippin

text: III

text: r.

text: A

text: contemporary

text: chronicle

text: claims

text: that

text: Pippin

text: sought

text: and

text: gained

text: authority

text: for

text: this

text: coup

text: from

text: Pope

text: Stephen

text: II

text: pope

text: Pippin

text: 's

text: takeover

text: was

text: reinforced

text: with

text: propaganda

text: that

text: portrayed

text: the

text: Merovingians

text: as

text: inept

text: or

text: cruel

text: rulers

text: exalted

text: the

text: accomplishments

text: of

text: Charles

text: Martel

text: and

text: circulated

text: stories

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: 's

text: great

text: piety

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Pippin

text: left

text: his

text: kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: his

text: two

text: sons

text: Charles

text: r.

text: and

text: Carloman

text: r.

text: When

text: Carloman

text: died

text: of

text: natural

text: causes

text: Charles

text: blocked

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: Carloman

text: 's

text: young

text: son

text: and

text: installed

text: himself

text: as

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: united

text: Austrasia

text: and

text: Neustria

text: Charles

text: more

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: Charles

text: the

text: Great

text: or

text: Charlemagne

text: embarked

text: upon

text: a

text: programme

text: of

text: systematic

text: expansion

text: in

text: that

text: unified

text: a

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: Europe

text: eventually

text: controlling

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: northern

text: Italy

text: and

text: Saxony

text: In

text: the

text: wars

text: that

text: lasted

text: beyond

text: he

text: rewarded

text: allies

text: with

text: war

text: booty

text: and

text: command

text: over

text: parcels

text: of

text: land

text: In

text: Charlemagne

text: conquered

text: the

text: Lombards

text: which

text: freed

text: the

text: papacy

text: from

text: the

text: fear

text: of

text: Lombard

text: conquest

text: and

text: marked

text: the

text: beginnings

text: of

text: the

text: Papal

text: States.[L

question: What dynasty consisted of descendants of Charles Martel?

answer: Carolingian

text: Carolingian

question: In what year did the Carolingians take over Neustria?

answer: 753

question: Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia?

answer: Pippin III

text: Pippin III

question: When did Stephen II become pope?

answer: 752

question: Along with Charles, who was the son of Pippin?

answer: Carloman

text: Carloman


text: New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall. See "Museums" below for more information. Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech on slavery in New Haven in 1860, shortly before he secured the Republican nomination for President.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: important

text: early

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: burgeoning

text: anti

text: slavery

text: movement

text: when

text: in

text: the

text: trial

text: of

text: mutineering

text: Mende

text: tribesmen

text: being

text: transported

text: as

text: slaves

text: on

text: the

text: Spanish

text: slaveship

text: Amistad

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: statue

text: of

text: Joseph

text: Cinqué

text: the

text: informal

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: slaves

text: beside

text: City

text: Hall

text: See

text: Museums

text: below

text: for

text: more

text: information

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: delivered

text: a

text: speech

text: on

text: slavery

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: in

text: shortly

text: before

text: he

text: secured

text: the

text: Republican

text: nomination

text: for

text: President

question: In what year did an important trial take place which situated New Haven among the forefront of the growing anti-slavery movement?

answer: 1839

question: What tribesman were being transported  as slaves on a ship by the Spanish?

answer: Mende

text: Mende

question: What was the name of the Spanish slave ship used to transport the Mende tribesmen?

answer: Amistad

text: Amistad

question: Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven?

answer: Joseph Cinqué

text: Joseph Cinqué

question: In 1860, what notable U.S. president gave a speech on slavery in New Haven?

answer: Abraham Lincoln

text: Abraham Lincoln

question: What is the name of the slaveship that once sit in New Haven Harbor?

answer: Amistad

text: Amistad

question: Who was the leader of slaves during the New Haven anti slavery movement in 1839

answer: Joseph Cinqué

text: Joseph Cinqué

question: What famous president made a speech in New Haven in 1860?

answer: Abraham Lincoln

text: Abraham Lincoln

question: Exactly who were the slaves upon the Spanish slaveship?

answer: Mende tribesmen

text: Mende tribesmen


text: Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt. The Cairo Derby is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world. Al Ahly is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals Zamalek SC. Al Ahly was named in 2000 by the Confederation of African Football as the "African Club of the Century". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Football

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: national

text: sport

text: of

text: Egypt

text: The

text: Cairo

text: Derby

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fiercest

text: derbies

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: BBC

text: picked

text: it

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: toughest

text: derbies

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Al

text: Ahly

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: according

text: to

text: CAF

text: closely

text: followed

text: by

text: their

text: rivals

text: Zamalek

text: SC

text: Al

text: Ahly

text: was

text: named

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Confederation

text: of

text: African

text: Football

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: Club

text: of

text: the

text: Century

text: With

text: twenty

text: titles

text: Al

text: Ahly

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: successful

text: club

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: international

text: trophies

text: surpassing

text: Italy

text: 's

text: A.C.

text: Milan

text: and

text: Argentina

text: 's

text: Boca

text: Juniors

text: both

text: having

text: eighteen

question: What is the most popular sport in Egypt?

answer: Football

text: Football

question: What is one of the toughest derbies in the world, run in Egypt?

answer: The Cairo Derby

text: The Cairo Derby

question: In terms of international trophies, whos is the most successful club?

answer: Al Ahly

text: Al Ahly


text: These years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor. Between 1861 and 1873, she and Ci'an served as regents, choosing the reign title "Tongzhi" (ruling together). Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began. In the spring of 1881, Ci'an suddenly died, aged only forty-three, leaving Cixi as sole regent.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: These

text: years

text: saw

text: an

text: evolution

text: in

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Cixi

text: Wade

text: Giles

text: Tz'u

text: Hsi

text: in

text: state

text: affairs

text: She

text: entered

text: the

text: imperial

text: palace

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: a

text: concubine

text: to

text: the

text: Xianfeng

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: and

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: after

text: her

text: five

text: year

text: old

text: son

text: the

text: Tongzhi

text: Emperor

text: ascended

text: the

text: throne

text: She

text: the

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Ci'an

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: Xianfeng

text: 's

text: empress

text: and

text: Prince

text: Gong

text: a

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: Daoguang

text: Emperor

text: staged

text: a

text: coup

text: that

text: ousted

text: several

text: regents

text: for

text: the

text: boy

text: emperor

text: Between

text: and

text: she

text: and

text: Ci'an

text: served

text: as

text: regents

text: choosing

text: the

text: reign

text: title

text: Tongzhi

text: ruling

text: together

text: Following

text: the

text: emperor

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Cixi

text: 's

text: nephew

text: the

text: Guangxu

text: Emperor

text: took

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: dynastic

text: custom

text: that

text: the

text: new

text: emperor

text: be

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: and

text: another

text: regency

text: began

text: In

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: Ci'an

text: suddenly

text: died

text: aged

text: only

text: forty

text: three

text: leaving

text: Cixi

text: as

text: sole

text: regent

question: What was the name of Xianfeng's concubine?

answer: Cixi

text: Cixi

question: Who was Cixi's son?

answer: Tongzhi

text: Tongzhi

question: When did Tongzhi Emperor die?

answer: 1875

question: Who took over from Tongzhi?

answer: Guangxu

text: Guangxu