text: After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.[citation needed] From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilities were constructed. In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated, 15 years after the beginning of its construction. By Decree, on December 1861 the areas of Aguada and Cordón were incorporated to the growing Ciudad Nueva (New City). In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires. The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: After

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: hostilities

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: growth

text: and

text: expansion

text: started

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: In

text: a

text: stagecoach

text: bus

text: line

text: was

text: established

text: joining

text: Montevideo

text: with

text: the

text: newly

text: formed

text: settlement

text: of

text: Unión

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: natural

text: gas

text: street

text: lights

text: were

text: inaugurated.[citation

text: needed

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: sanitation

text: facilities

text: were

text: constructed

text: In

text: the

text: Teatro

text: Solís

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: its

text: construction

text: By

text: Decree

text: on

text: December

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: Aguada

text: and

text: Cordón

text: were

text: incorporated

text: to

text: the

text: growing

text: Ciudad

text: Nueva

text: New

text: City

text: In

text: an

text: underwater

text: telegraph

text: line

text: connected

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: The

text: statue

text: of

text: Peace

text: La

text: Paz

text: was

text: erected

text: on

text: a

text: column

text: in

text: Plaza

text: Cagancha

text: and

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: Postal

text: Service

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: bridge

text: of

text: Paso

text: Molino

text: were

text: inaugurated

text: in

question: What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo?

answer: 1853

question: Between what years were the first natural gas street lights constructed?

answer: 1854 to 1861

text: 1854 to 1861

question: What year was the Teatro Solis inaugurated?

answer: 1856

question: What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires?

answer: 1866


text: Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Catholic

text: missionary

text: Father

text: A.

text: Erdland

text: from

text: the

text: Sacred

text: Heart

text: Jesu

text: Society

text: based

text: in

text: Hiltrup

text: Germany

text: lived

text: on

text: Jaluit

text: from

text: around

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: very

text: interested

text: in

text: the

text: islands

text: and

text: conducted

text: considerable

text: research

text: on

text: the

text: Marshallese

text: culture

text: and

text: language

text: He

text: published

text: a

text: monograph

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: Father

text: H.

text: Linckens

text: another

text: missionary

text: from

text: the

text: Sacred

text: Heart

text: of

text: Jesu

text: Society

text: visited

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: in

text: and

text: for

text: several

text: weeks

text: He

text: published

text: a

text: small

text: work

text: in

text: about

text: the

text: Catholic

text: mission

text: activities

text: and

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

question: What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of?

answer: the Sacred Heart Jesu Society

text: the Sacred Heart Jesu Society

question: In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands?

answer: 1914

question: In what year was Father Linckens' last visit to the Marshalls?

answer: 1911

question: When was Father Linckens' book published?

answer: 1912

question: In what year did Father Linckens first travel to the Marshalls?

answer: 1904


text: Pesticides are used to control organisms that are considered to be harmful. For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit potentially deadly diseases like West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria. They can also kill bees, wasps or ants that can cause allergic reactions. Insecticides can protect animals from illnesses that can be caused by parasites such as fleas. Pesticides can prevent sickness in humans that could be caused by moldy food or diseased produce. Herbicides can be used to clear roadside weeds, trees and brush. They can also kill invasive weeds that may cause environmental damage. Herbicides are commonly applied in ponds and lakes to control algae and plants such as water grasses that can interfere with activities like swimming and fishing and cause the water to look or smell unpleasant. Uncontrolled pests such as termites and mold can damage structures such as houses. Pesticides are used in grocery stores and food storage facilities to manage rodents and insects that infest food such as grain. Each use of a pesticide carries some associated risk. Proper pesticide use decreases these associated risks to a level deemed acceptable by pesticide regulatory agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of Canada.

title: Pesticide

title: Pesticide

text: Pesticides

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: control

text: organisms

text: that

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: harmful

text: For

text: example

text: they

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: kill

text: mosquitoes

text: that

text: can

text: transmit

text: potentially

text: deadly

text: diseases

text: like

text: West

text: Nile

text: virus

text: yellow

text: fever

text: and

text: malaria

text: They

text: can

text: also

text: kill

text: bees

text: wasps

text: or

text: ants

text: that

text: can

text: cause

text: allergic

text: reactions

text: Insecticides

text: can

text: protect

text: animals

text: from

text: illnesses

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: parasites

text: such

text: as

text: fleas

text: Pesticides

text: can

text: prevent

text: sickness

text: in

text: humans

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: moldy

text: food

text: or

text: diseased

text: produce

text: Herbicides

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: clear

text: roadside

text: weeds

text: trees

text: and

text: brush

text: They

text: can

text: also

text: kill

text: invasive

text: weeds

text: that

text: may

text: cause

text: environmental

text: damage

text: Herbicides

text: are

text: commonly

text: applied

text: in

text: ponds

text: and

text: lakes

text: to

text: control

text: algae

text: and

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: grasses

text: that

text: can

text: interfere

text: with

text: activities

text: like

text: swimming

text: and

text: fishing

text: and

text: cause

text: the

text: water

text: to

text: look

text: or

text: smell

text: unpleasant

text: Uncontrolled

text: pests

text: such

text: as

text: termites

text: and

text: mold

text: can

text: damage

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: houses

text: Pesticides

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: grocery

text: stores

text: and

text: food

text: storage

text: facilities

text: to

text: manage

text: rodents

text: and

text: insects

text: that

text: infest

text: food

text: such

text: as

text: grain

text: Each

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: pesticide

text: carries

text: some

text: associated

text: risk

text: Proper

text: pesticide

text: use

text: decreases

text: these

text: associated

text: risks

text: to

text: a

text: level

text: deemed

text: acceptable

text: by

text: pesticide

text: regulatory

text: agencies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Environmental

text: Protection

text: Agency

text: EPA

text: and

text: the

text: Pest

text: Management

text: Regulatory

text: Agency

text: PMRA

text: of

text: Canada

question: Pesticides can be used to stop the spread of what dieseases?

answer: West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria

text: West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria

question: What sort of pesticides would you find in ponds and lakes?

answer: Herbicides

text: Herbicides

question: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in the US?

answer: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

text: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

question: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in Canada?

answer: Pest Management Regulatory Agency

text: Pest Management Regulatory Agency

question: What activities do mosquitoes make it hard to take part in when they swarm?

text: swimming and fishing

question: What can mosquitoes do to water quality?

question: What diseases in the environment are monitored by the EPA?

question: In what areas do fleas like to live?

text: weeds, trees and brush

question: What pest is attracted by moldy food or diseased produce left outside?

text: ants


text: In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: In

text: BC

text: Cyrus

text: the

text: Great

text: son

text: of

text: Mandane

text: and

text: Cambyses

text: I

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: Median

text: Empire

text: and

text: founded

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: by

text: unifying

text: other

text: city

text: states

text: The

text: conquest

text: of

text: Media

text: was

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Persian

text: Revolt

text: The

text: brouhaha

text: was

text: initially

text: triggered

text: by

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: the

text: Median

text: ruler

text: Astyages

text: and

text: was

text: quickly

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: provinces

text: as

text: they

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Persians

text: Later

text: conquests

text: under

text: Cyrus

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: expanded

text: the

text: empire

text: to

text: include

text: Lydia

text: Babylon

text: Egypt

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: proper

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: lands

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: and

text: Oxus

text: rivers

question: Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification?

answer: Cyrus the Great

text: Cyrus the Great

question: When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire?

answer: 550 BC

text: 550 BC

question: Who triggered the Persian Revolt?

answer: the Median ruler Astyages

text: the Median ruler Astyages

question: What resulted from the Persian Revolt?

answer: The conquest of Media

text: The conquest of Media


text: During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: During

text: the

text: Perestroika

text: era

text: The

text: Law

text: on

text: the

text: Status

text: of

text: the

text: Estonian

text: Language

text: was

text: adopted

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: Republic

text: of

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: independence

text: Estonian

text: went

text: back

text: to

text: being

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: language

text: in

text: Estonia

text: which

text: in

text: practice

text: meant

text: that

text: use

text: of

text: Estonian

text: was

text: promoted

text: while

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Russian

text: was

text: discouraged

question: What historical event once again freed Estonia?

answer: collapse of the Soviet Union

text: collapse of the Soviet Union

question: Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?

answer: Estonian

text: Estonian

question: What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?

answer: Russian

text: Russian

question: What came into being in January 1989?

answer: The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language

text: The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language

question: What historical event once again enslaved Estonia?

text: collapse of the Soviet Union

question: Following the Soviet rise what became the only official Estonian Language?

text: Estonian

question: What language became less popular prior to the Soviet collapse?

text: Russian

question: What came into being in February 1989?

question: When was Russian encouraged to be used in Estonia?


text: As an example, Santiago de Compostela, the political capital city, has an average of 129 rainy days and 1,362 millimetres (53.6 in) per year (with just 17 rainy days in the three summer months) and 2,101 sunlight hours per year, with just 6 days with frosts per year. But the colder city of Lugo, to the east, has an average of 1,759 sunlight hours per year, 117 days with precipitations (> 1 mm) totalling 901.54 millimetres (35.5 in), and 40 days with frosts per year. The more mountainous parts of the provinces of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months. The sunniest city is Pontevedra with 2,223 sunny hours per year.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Compostela

text: the

text: political

text: capital

text: city

text: has

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: rainy

text: days

text: and

text: millimetres

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: with

text: just

text: rainy

text: days

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: summer

text: months

text: and

text: sunlight

text: hours

text: per

text: year

text: with

text: just

text: days

text: with

text: frosts

text: per

text: year

text: But

text: the

text: colder

text: city

text: of

text: Lugo

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: has

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: sunlight

text: hours

text: per

text: year

text: days

text: with

text: precipitations

text: mm

text: totalling

text: millimetres

text: in

text: and

text: days

text: with

text: frosts

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: more

text: mountainous

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Ourense

text: and

text: Lugo

text: receive

text: significant

text: snowfall

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: months

text: The

text: sunniest

text: city

text: is

text: Pontevedra

text: with

text: sunny

text: hours

text: per

text: year

question: What is the political capital city?

answer: Santiago de Compostela

text: Santiago de Compostela

question: How many rainy days does it typically have?

answer: 129

question: How many days with frosts?

answer: 6

question: A colder city like Lugo has how many days with frosts?

answer: 40

question: Its sunniest city, Pontevedra, gets how may hours of sunlight per year?

answer: 2,223


text: Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Sikhism

text: is

text: practiced

text: primarily

text: in

text: Gurudwara

text: at

text: Kupundole

text: An

text: earlier

text: temple

text: of

text: Sikhism

text: is

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: defunct

text: Jainism

text: is

text: practiced

text: by

text: a

text: small

text: community

text: A

text: Jain

text: temple

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: Gyaneshwar

text: where

text: Jains

text: practice

text: their

text: faith

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: Spiritual

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Baha'is

text: of

text: Nepal

text: there

text: are

text: approximately

text: Baha'is

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: valley

text: They

text: have

text: a

text: National

text: Office

text: located

text: in

text: Shantinagar

text: Baneshwor

text: The

text: Baha'is

text: also

text: have

text: classes

text: for

text: children

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Centre

text: and

text: other

text: localities

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: Islam

text: is

text: practised

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: but

text: Muslims

text: are

text: a

text: minority

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Nepal.[citation

text: needed

text: It

text: is

text: said

text: that

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: alone

text: there

text: are

text: Christian

text: churches

text: Christian

text: missionary

text: hospitals

text: welfare

text: organizations

text: and

text: schools

text: are

text: also

text: operating

text: Nepali

text: citizens

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: soldiers

text: in

text: Indian

text: and

text: British

text: armies

text: who

text: had

text: converted

text: to

text: Christianity

text: while

text: in

text: service

text: on

text: return

text: to

text: Nepal

text: continue

text: to

text: practice

text: their

text: religion

text: They

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: Christianity

text: and

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: churches

text: in

text: Nepal

text: and

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: in

text: particular

question: Where can a temple of the Jain faith be found?

answer: Gyaneshwar

text: Gyaneshwar

question: Kathmandu valley is home to about how many Baha'i?

answer: 300

question: Where is the Baha'i national office located in Nepal?

answer: Shantinagar, Baneshwor

text: Shantinagar, Baneshwor

question: About what percentage of the Nepali population follows Islam?

answer: 4.2

question: About how many Christian houses of worship exist in Kathmandu?

answer: 170


text: Comparsas are held throughout the week, consisting of large groups "of dancers dancing and traveling on the streets, followed by a Carrosa (carriage) where the musicians play. The Comparsa is a development of African processions where groups of devotees follow a given saint or deity during a particular religious celebration". One of the most popular comparsas of Fiesta de Carnaval is the male group comparsa, usually composed of notable men from the community who dress up in outlandish costumes or cross-dress and dance to compete for money and prizes. Other popular activities include body painting and flour fighting. "On the last day of Carnival painters flood the street to paint each other. This simply means that a mixture of water paint and water or raw eggs is used to paint people on the streets, the goal being to paint as many people as you can".

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Comparsas

text: are

text: held

text: throughout

text: the

text: week

text: consisting

text: of

text: large

text: groups

text: of

text: dancers

text: dancing

text: and

text: traveling

text: on

text: the

text: streets

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: Carrosa

text: carriage

text: where

text: the

text: musicians

text: play

text: The

text: Comparsa

text: is

text: a

text: development

text: of

text: African

text: processions

text: where

text: groups

text: of

text: devotees

text: follow

text: a

text: given

text: saint

text: or

text: deity

text: during

text: a

text: particular

text: religious

text: celebration

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: comparsas

text: of

text: Fiesta

text: de

text: Carnaval

text: is

text: the

text: male

text: group

text: comparsa

text: usually

text: composed

text: of

text: notable

text: men

text: from

text: the

text: community

text: who

text: dress

text: up

text: in

text: outlandish

text: costumes

text: or

text: cross

text: dress

text: and

text: dance

text: to

text: compete

text: for

text: money

text: and

text: prizes

text: Other

text: popular

text: activities

text: include

text: body

text: painting

text: and

text: flour

text: fighting

text: On

text: the

text: last

text: day

text: of

text: Carnival

text: painters

text: flood

text: the

text: street

text: to

text: paint

text: each

text: other

text: This

text: simply

text: means

text: that

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: water

text: paint

text: and

text: water

text: or

text: raw

text: eggs

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: paint

text: people

text: on

text: the

text: streets

text: the

text: goal

text: being

text: to

text: paint

text: as

text: many

text: people

text: as

text: you

text: can

question: What's the name of the vehicle where the musicians play?

answer: a Carrosa

text: a Carrosa

question: What do devotees follow during a particular religious celebration?

answer: a given saint or deity

text: a given saint or deity

question: Who are usually included the group comparsa?

answer: notable men from the community

text: notable men from the community

question: What is used in some of the festive fights?

answer: flour

text: flour

question: What is the goal of the Carnival painters?

answer: to paint as many people as you can

text: to paint as many people as you can


text: In Australia, a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001. In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to. However, it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house. The error arose because two bills of the same title had originated from the house. The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed. The same procedure was followed to correct a similar error which arose in 2001.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: In

text: Australia

text: a

text: technical

text: issue

text: arose

text: with

text: the

text: royal

text: assent

text: in

text: both

text: and

text: In

text: a

text: bill

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: was

text: mistakenly

text: submitted

text: to

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: and

text: assented

text: to

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: later

text: discovered

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: passed

text: by

text: each

text: house

text: The

text: error

text: arose

text: because

text: two

text: bills

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: title

text: had

text: originated

text: from

text: the

text: house

text: The

text: Governor

text: General

text: revoked

text: the

text: first

text: assent

text: before

text: assenting

text: to

text: the

text: bill

text: which

text: had

text: actually

text: passed

text: The

text: same

text: procedure

text: was

text: followed

text: to

text: correct

text: a

text: similar

text: error

text: which

text: arose

text: in

question: The bill from the Australian House of Representatives was mistakenly sent and assented to by whom in 1976?

answer: Governor-General

text: Governor-General

question: Why did this occur?

answer: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

text: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

question: What did the Governor-General do with the first assent?

answer: revoked the first assent

text: revoked the first assent

question: This same procedure was more recently done to fix a similar error in which year?

answer: 2001

question: What was the reason a bill was accidentally assented in 1976?

answer: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

text: two bills of the same title had originated from the house

question: After an accidental assention of a bill with same name in 1976, when did a similar mistaken assention occur in Australia?

answer: 2001

question: What protocol was not followed in 1976 when a bill was mistakenly assented?

answer: it had not been passed by each house

text: it had not been passed by each house

question: How was the case of two bills mistakenly assented corrected both in 1796 and 2001?

answer: The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed

text: The Governor-General revoked the first assent, before assenting to the bill which had actually passed

question: In America, a technical issue arose with what in 1976 and 2001?

text: royal assent

question: A bill from the House of Lords was mistakenly submitted in what year?

question: Three bills with the same title were submitted in what year?

question: Who revoked the second assent?

text: The Governor-General


text: An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty, the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat's eponymous troops.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: An

text: Ancient

text: Chinese

text: document

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: Somali

text: coast

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: called

text: Berbera

text: by

text: Arab

text: geographers

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: Berber

text: Cushitic

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: Po

text: pa

text: li

text: The

text: first

text: clear

text: written

text: reference

text: of

text: the

text: sobriquet

text: Somali

text: however

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: During

text: the

text: wars

text: between

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Ifat

text: based

text: at

text: Zeila

text: and

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: Dynasty

text: the

text: Abyssinian

text: Emperor

text: had

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: court

text: officials

text: compose

text: a

text: hymn

text: celebrating

text: a

text: military

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Sultan

text: of

text: Ifat

text: 's

text: eponymous

text: troops

question: What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?

answer: Berbera

text: Berbera

question: What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century?

answer: Po-pa-li

text: Po-pa-li

question: In what century was the term 'Somali' first used?

answer: 15th

question: Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?

answer: the Abyssinian Emperor

text: the Abyssinian Emperor

question: Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located?

answer: Zeila

text: Zeila


text: Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Hellenistic

text: art

text: saw

text: a

text: turn

text: from

text: the

text: idealistic

text: perfected

text: calm

text: and

text: composed

text: figures

text: of

text: classical

text: Greek

text: art

text: to

text: a

text: style

text: dominated

text: by

text: realism

text: and

text: the

text: depiction

text: of

text: emotion

text: pathos

text: and

text: character

text: ethos

text: The

text: motif

text: of

text: deceptively

text: realistic

text: naturalism

text: in

text: art

text: aletheia

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: stories

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: painter

text: Zeuxis

text: who

text: was

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: painted

text: grapes

text: that

text: seemed

text: so

text: real

text: that

text: birds

text: came

text: and

text: pecked

text: at

text: them

text: The

text: female

text: nude

text: also

text: became

text: more

text: popular

text: as

text: epitomized

text: by

text: the

text: Aphrodite

text: of

text: Cnidos

text: of

text: Praxiteles

text: and

text: art

text: in

text: general

text: became

text: more

text: erotic

text: e.g.

text: Leda

text: and

text: the

text: Swan

text: and

text: Scopa

text: 's

text: Pothos

text: The

text: dominant

text: ideals

text: of

text: Hellenistic

text: art

text: were

text: those

text: of

text: sensuality

text: and

text: passion

question: Emotion is called what in Hellenistic art?

answer: pathos

text: pathos

question: Character is called what in Hellenistic art?

answer: ethos

text: ethos

question: Who is the artist that drew grapes so lifelike, birds flew up and pecked at them?

answer: Zeuxis

text: Zeuxis

question: The ideals of Hellenistic art are sensuality and what?

answer: passion

text: passion

question: What painting epitomized the female nude?

answer: Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles

text: Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles


text: Even in modern democracies, Freemasonry is sometimes viewed with distrust. In the UK, Masons working in the justice system, such as judges and police officers, were from 1999 to 2009 required to disclose their membership. While a parliamentary inquiry found that there has been no evidence of wrongdoing, it was felt that any potential loyalties Masons might have, based on their vows to support fellow Masons, should be transparent to the public. The policy of requiring a declaration of masonic membership of applicants for judicial office (judges and magistrates) was ended in 2009 by Justice Secretary Jack Straw (who had initiated the requirement in the 1990s). Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Even

text: in

text: modern

text: democracies

text: Freemasonry

text: is

text: sometimes

text: viewed

text: with

text: distrust

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: Masons

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: justice

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: judges

text: and

text: police

text: officers

text: were

text: from

text: to

text: required

text: to

text: disclose

text: their

text: membership

text: While

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: inquiry

text: found

text: that

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: no

text: evidence

text: of

text: wrongdoing

text: it

text: was

text: felt

text: that

text: any

text: potential

text: loyalties

text: Masons

text: might

text: have

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: vows

text: to

text: support

text: fellow

text: Masons

text: should

text: be

text: transparent

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: The

text: policy

text: of

text: requiring

text: a

text: declaration

text: of

text: masonic

text: membership

text: of

text: applicants

text: for

text: judicial

text: office

text: judges

text: and

text: magistrates

text: was

text: ended

text: in

text: by

text: Justice

text: Secretary

text: Jack

text: Straw

text: who

text: had

text: initiated

text: the

text: requirement

text: in

text: the

text: Straw

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: rule

text: was

text: considered

text: disproportionate

text: since

text: no

text: impropriety

text: or

text: malpractice

text: had

text: been

text: shown

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: judges

text: being

text: Freemasons

question: Judges and police officers had to disclose their Freemason membership in what years in England?

answer: from 1999 to 2009

text: from 1999 to 2009

question: Who ended the English Masonic disclosure policy in 2009?

answer: Justice Secretary Jack Straw

text: Justice Secretary Jack Straw

question: Justice Secretary Jack Straw ended the Masonic disclosure law on what grounds?

answer: the rule was considered disproportionate

text: the rule was considered disproportionate

question: Who ended the English Masonic disclosure policy in 2004?

text: Justice Secretary Jack Straw

question: Why did Justice Secretary Jack Straw begin the Masonic closure law?

question: What democracies always view Freemasonry with trust?

text: modern democracies

question: Who was required to not be transparent to the public?

text: Masons


text: It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk. Part of the reasoning against the use of the vaccine is that it makes the tuberculin skin test falsely positive, reducing the test's use in screening. A number of new vaccines are currently in development.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: vaccine

text: worldwide

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: children

text: being

text: vaccinated

text: The

text: immunity

text: it

text: induces

text: decreases

text: after

text: about

text: ten

text: years

text: As

text: tuberculosis

text: is

text: uncommon

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: BCG

text: is

text: administered

text: only

text: to

text: those

text: people

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: reasoning

text: against

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: vaccine

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: makes

text: the

text: tuberculin

text: skin

text: test

text: falsely

text: positive

text: reducing

text: the

text: test

text: 's

text: use

text: in

text: screening

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: vaccines

text: are

text: currently

text: in

text: development

question: For about how long does full immunity from the TB vaccine last?

answer: ten years

text: ten years

question: What percentage of kids in the whole world get the BCG vaccine?

answer: 90%

question: Is TB common or uncommon in the United States?

answer: uncommon

text: uncommon

question: In addition to the U.S. and Canada, what European country sees very few tuberculosis infections?

answer: the United Kingdom

text: the United Kingdom

question: What segment of the population gets the TB vaccine in countries like Canada with a very low incidence of infection?

answer: high risk

text: high risk

question: What percentage of children have TB?

text: more than 90%

question: What disease is common in the UK?

text: tuberculosis

question: How long do you have to wait to get the TB vaccine?

text: about ten years

question: What is not given to high risk people?

text: BCG

question: Which three countries have a high risk of tuberculosis?


text: One of John's principal challenges was acquiring the large sums of money needed for his proposed campaigns to reclaim Normandy. The Angevin kings had three main sources of income available to them, namely revenue from their personal lands, or demesne; money raised through their rights as a feudal lord; and revenue from taxation. Revenue from the royal demesne was inflexible and had been diminishing slowly since the Norman conquest. Matters were not helped by Richard's sale of many royal properties in 1189, and taxation played a much smaller role in royal income than in later centuries. English kings had widespread feudal rights which could be used to generate income, including the scutage system, in which feudal military service was avoided by a cash payment to the king. He derived income from fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges. John intensified his efforts to maximise all possible sources of income, to the extent that he has been described as "avaricious, miserly, extortionate and moneyminded". John also used revenue generation as a way of exerting political control over the barons: debts owed to the crown by the king's favoured supporters might be forgiven; collection of those owed by enemies was more stringently enforced.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: One

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: principal

text: challenges

text: was

text: acquiring

text: the

text: large

text: sums

text: of

text: money

text: needed

text: for

text: his

text: proposed

text: campaigns

text: to

text: reclaim

text: Normandy

text: The

text: Angevin

text: kings

text: had

text: three

text: main

text: sources

text: of

text: income

text: available

text: to

text: them

text: namely

text: revenue

text: from

text: their

text: personal

text: lands

text: or

text: demesne

text: money

text: raised

text: through

text: their

text: rights

text: as

text: a

text: feudal

text: lord

text: and

text: revenue

text: from

text: taxation

text: Revenue

text: from

text: the

text: royal

text: demesne

text: was

text: inflexible

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: diminishing

text: slowly

text: since

text: the

text: Norman

text: conquest

text: Matters

text: were

text: not

text: helped

text: by

text: Richard

text: 's

text: sale

text: of

text: many

text: royal

text: properties

text: in

text: and

text: taxation

text: played

text: a

text: much

text: smaller

text: role

text: in

text: royal

text: income

text: than

text: in

text: later

text: centuries

text: English

text: kings

text: had

text: widespread

text: feudal

text: rights

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: generate

text: income

text: including

text: the

text: scutage

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: feudal

text: military

text: service

text: was

text: avoided

text: by

text: a

text: cash

text: payment

text: to

text: the

text: king

text: He

text: derived

text: income

text: from

text: fines

text: court

text: fees

text: and

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: charters

text: and

text: other

text: privileges

text: John

text: intensified

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: maximise

text: all

text: possible

text: sources

text: of

text: income

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: he

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: avaricious

text: miserly

text: extortionate

text: and

text: moneyminded

text: John

text: also

text: used

text: revenue

text: generation

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: of

text: exerting

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: barons

text: debts

text: owed

text: to

text: the

text: crown

text: by

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: favoured

text: supporters

text: might

text: be

text: forgiven

text: collection

text: of

text: those

text: owed

text: by

text: enemies

text: was

text: more

text: stringently

text: enforced

question: What was one of John's principal challenges?

answer: acquiring the large sums of money needed

text: acquiring the large sums of money needed

question: When did Richard sell many royal properties?

answer: 1189

question: Where did John derive income from?

answer: fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges

text: fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges


text: The Henry Art Gallery opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington. The Seattle Art Museum (SAM) opened in 1933; SAM opened a museum downtown in 1991 (expanded and reopened 2007); since 1991, the 1933 building has been SAM's Seattle Asian Art Museum (SAAM). SAM also operates the Olympic Sculpture Park (opened 2007) on the waterfront north of the downtown piers. The Frye Art Museum is a free museum on First Hill. Regional history collections are at the Loghouse Museum in Alki, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, the Museum of History and Industry and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. Industry collections are at the Center for Wooden Boats and the adjacent Northwest Seaport, the Seattle Metropolitan Police Museum, and the Museum of Flight. Regional ethnic collections include the Nordic Heritage Museum, the Wing Luke Asian Museum and the Northwest African American Museum. Seattle has artist-run galleries, including 10-year veteran Soil Art Gallery, and the newer Crawl Space Gallery.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: Henry

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: opened

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: Washington

text: The

text: Seattle

text: Art

text: Museum

text: SAM

text: opened

text: in

text: SAM

text: opened

text: a

text: museum

text: downtown

text: in

text: expanded

text: and

text: reopened

text: since

text: the

text: building

text: has

text: been

text: SAM

text: 's

text: Seattle

text: Asian

text: Art

text: Museum

text: SAAM

text: SAM

text: also

text: operates

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Sculpture

text: Park

text: opened

text: on

text: the

text: waterfront

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: downtown

text: piers

text: The

text: Frye

text: Art

text: Museum

text: is

text: a

text: free

text: museum

text: on

text: First

text: Hill

text: Regional

text: history

text: collections

text: are

text: at

text: the

text: Loghouse

text: Museum

text: in

text: Alki

text: Klondike

text: Gold

text: Rush

text: National

text: Historical

text: Park

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: History

text: and

text: Industry

text: and

text: the

text: Burke

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: and

text: Culture

text: Industry

text: collections

text: are

text: at

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Wooden

text: Boats

text: and

text: the

text: adjacent

text: Northwest

text: Seaport

text: the

text: Seattle

text: Metropolitan

text: Police

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Flight

text: Regional

text: ethnic

text: collections

text: include

text: the

text: Nordic

text: Heritage

text: Museum

text: the

text: Wing

text: Luke

text: Asian

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Northwest

text: African

text: American

text: Museum

text: Seattle

text: has

text: artist

text: run

text: galleries

text: including

text: veteran

text: Soil

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: and

text: the

text: newer

text: Crawl

text: Space

text: Gallery

question: When did the first art gallery open in Washington state?

answer: 1927

question: What was the name of the first art museum in Washington?

answer: Henry Art Gallery

text: Henry Art Gallery

question: When did The Seattle Art Museum open its doors?

answer: 1933

question: Besides the museums, what other art offering does SAM operate?

answer: Olympic Sculpture Park

text: Olympic Sculpture Park

question: Aside from publically operated museums, what other type of person galleries does Seattle offer?

answer: artist-run

text: artist-run


text: When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game consoles had acquired following the video game crash of 1983. One result of this philosophy was to disguise the cartridge slot design as a front-loading zero insertion force (ZIF) cartridge socket, designed to resemble the front-loading mechanism of a VCR. The newly designed connector worked quite well when both the connector and the cartridges were clean and the pins on the connector were new. Unfortunately, the ZIF connector was not truly zero insertion force. When a user inserted the cartridge into the NES, the force of pressing the cartridge down and into place bent the contact pins slightly, as well as pressing the cartridge’s ROM board back into the cartridge itself. Frequent insertion and removal of cartridges caused the pins to wear out from repeated usage over the years and the ZIF design proved more prone to interference by dirt and dust than an industry-standard card edge connector. These design issues were not alleviated by Nintendo’s choice of materials; the console slot nickel connector springs would wear due to design and the game cartridge copper connectors were also prone to tarnishing. Many players would try to alleviate issues in the game caused by this corrosion by blowing into the cartridges, then reinserting them, which actually hurt the copper connectors by speeding up the tarnishing.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: When

text: Nintendo

text: released

text: the

text: NES

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: the

text: design

text: styling

text: was

text: deliberately

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: other

text: game

text: consoles

text: Nintendo

text: wanted

text: to

text: distinguish

text: its

text: product

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: competitors

text: and

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: generally

text: poor

text: reputation

text: that

text: game

text: consoles

text: had

text: acquired

text: following

text: the

text: video

text: game

text: crash

text: of

text: One

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: philosophy

text: was

text: to

text: disguise

text: the

text: cartridge

text: slot

text: design

text: as

text: a

text: front

text: loading

text: zero

text: insertion

text: force

text: ZIF

text: cartridge

text: socket

text: designed

text: to

text: resemble

text: the

text: front

text: loading

text: mechanism

text: of

text: a

text: VCR

text: The

text: newly

text: designed

text: connector

text: worked

text: quite

text: well

text: when

text: both

text: the

text: connector

text: and

text: the

text: cartridges

text: were

text: clean

text: and

text: the

text: pins

text: on

text: the

text: connector

text: were

text: new

text: Unfortunately

text: the

text: ZIF

text: connector

text: was

text: not

text: truly

text: zero

text: insertion

text: force

text: When

text: a

text: user

text: inserted

text: the

text: cartridge

text: into

text: the

text: NES

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: pressing

text: the

text: cartridge

text: down

text: and

text: into

text: place

text: bent

text: the

text: contact

text: pins

text: slightly

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: pressing

text: the

text: cartridge

text: ’s

text: ROM

text: board

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: cartridge

text: itself

text: Frequent

text: insertion

text: and

text: removal

text: of

text: cartridges

text: caused

text: the

text: pins

text: to

text: wear

text: out

text: from

text: repeated

text: usage

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: and

text: the

text: ZIF

text: design

text: proved

text: more

text: prone

text: to

text: interference

text: by

text: dirt

text: and

text: dust

text: than

text: an

text: industry

text: standard

text: card

text: edge

text: connector

text: These

text: design

text: issues

text: were

text: not

text: alleviated

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: ’s

text: choice

text: of

text: materials

text: the

text: console

text: slot

text: nickel

text: connector

text: springs

text: would

text: wear

text: due

text: to

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: game

text: cartridge

text: copper

text: connectors

text: were

text: also

text: prone

text: to

text: tarnishing

text: Many

text: players

text: would

text: try

text: to

text: alleviate

text: issues

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: caused

text: by

text: this

text: corrosion

text: by

text: blowing

text: into

text: the

text: cartridges

text: then

text: reinserting

text: them

text: which

text: actually

text: hurt

text: the

text: copper

text: connectors

text: by

text: speeding

text: up

text: the

text: tarnishing

question: What does ZIF stand for?

answer: zero insertion force

text: zero insertion force

question: The ZIF insertion used by Nintendo was set to emulate what device?

answer: VCR

text: VCR

question: The force of pushing in the cartridge did what to the device over eventual use?

answer: bent the contact pins slightly

text: bent the contact pins slightly

question: What material were the connector springs made of?

answer: nickel

text: nickel

question: What material comprised the game cartridge connectors?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What does ZID stand for?

text: zero insertion force

question: The ZID insertion used by Nintendo was set to emulate what device?

text: VCR

question: The force of pushing in the cartridge did what to the device without eventual use?

text: bent the contact pins slightly

question: What material weren't the early connector springs made of?

text: nickel

question: What material didn't comprise the game cartridge connectors?

text: copper


text: The Laurentian Highlands, the Interior Plains and the Interior Highlands lie between the two coasts, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico northward, far beyond the national boundary, to the Arctic Ocean. The central plains are divided by a hardly perceptible height of land into a Canadian and a United States portion. It is from the United States side, that the great Mississippi system discharges southward to the Gulf of Mexico. The upper Mississippi and some of the Ohio basin is the semi-arid prairie region, with trees originally only along the watercourses. The uplands towards the Appalachians were included in the great eastern forested area, while the western part of the plains has so dry a climate that its native plant life is scanty, and in the south it is practically barren.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Laurentian

text: Highlands

text: the

text: Interior

text: Plains

text: and

text: the

text: Interior

text: Highlands

text: lie

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: coasts

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: northward

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: national

text: boundary

text: to

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: The

text: central

text: plains

text: are

text: divided

text: by

text: a

text: hardly

text: perceptible

text: height

text: of

text: land

text: into

text: a

text: Canadian

text: and

text: a

text: United

text: States

text: portion

text: It

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: side

text: that

text: the

text: great

text: Mississippi

text: system

text: discharges

text: southward

text: to

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: The

text: upper

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Ohio

text: basin

text: is

text: the

text: semi

text: arid

text: prairie

text: region

text: with

text: trees

text: originally

text: only

text: along

text: the

text: watercourses

text: The

text: uplands

text: towards

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: were

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: great

text: eastern

text: forested

text: area

text: while

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: plains

text: has

text: so

text: dry

text: a

text: climate

text: that

text: its

text: native

text: plant

text: life

text: is

text: scanty

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: it

text: is

text: practically

text: barren

question: What is one of the two major highlands that stretch from the gulf of mexico to the Arctic ocean?

answer: Laurentian Highlands

text: Laurentian Highlands

question: How far north do the Interior Highlands reach?

answer: Arctic Ocean

text: Arctic Ocean

question: Which two nations are the central plains divided in?

answer: Canadian and a United States

text: Canadian and a United States

question: Where does the Mississippi discharge?

answer: Gulf of Mexico

text: Gulf of Mexico

question: What is the name of the three highlands that stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean?

question: The lower Mississippi and some of the Ohio basin are what type of region?

text: semi-arid prairie

question: Originally trees covered all of what?

text: prairie region

question: What Highland stop at the national boundary?

text: Interior Highlands

question: The Ohio River discharges where?

text: Gulf of Mexico


text: Less than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is "firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world". For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more diverse than multicellular life (see e.g., extremophile). "On the tree of life, based on analyses of small-subunit ribosomal RNA, visible life consists of barely noticeable twigs. The inverse relationship of size and population recurs higher on the evolutionary ladder—"to a first approximation, all multicellular species on Earth are insects". Insect extinction rates are high—supporting the Holocene extinction hypothesis.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Less

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: species

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: described

text: have

text: been

text: studied

text: beyond

text: simply

text: noting

text: their

text: existence

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: species

text: are

text: microbial

text: Contemporary

text: biodiversity

text: physics

text: is

text: firmly

text: fixated

text: on

text: the

text: visible

text: macroscopic

text: world

text: For

text: example

text: microbial

text: life

text: is

text: metabolically

text: and

text: environmentally

text: more

text: diverse

text: than

text: multicellular

text: life

text: see

text: e.g.

text: extremophile

text: On

text: the

text: tree

text: of

text: life

text: based

text: on

text: analyses

text: of

text: small

text: subunit

text: ribosomal

text: RNA

text: visible

text: life

text: consists

text: of

text: barely

text: noticeable

text: twigs

text: The

text: inverse

text: relationship

text: of

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: recurs

text: higher

text: on

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: ladder—"to

text: a

text: first

text: approximation

text: all

text: multicellular

text: species

text: on

text: Earth

text: are

text: insects

text: Insect

text: extinction

text: rates

text: are

text: high

text: supporting

text: the

text: Holocene

text: extinction

text: hypothesis

question: What type of science is firmly fixated on the visible world?

answer: Contemporary biodiversity physics

text: Contemporary biodiversity physics

question: What type of life is more metabolically diverse than multicellular life?

answer: microbial life

text: microbial life

question: What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?

answer: microbial life

text: microbial life

question: What rate supports the Holocene extinction hypothesis?

answer: Insect extinction rates

text: Insect extinction rates

question: What type of science is firmly fixated on RNA?

text: Contemporary biodiversity physics

question: What type of life is more metabolically diverse than extinction?

text: microbial life

question: What type of life is more environmentally diverse than extinction?

text: microbial life

question: What rate supports the Earth extinction hypothesis?

text: Insect extinction rates

question: How many species that have been described have been extinct?

text: Less than 1%


text: Gallaeci lived in castros. These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one. They were frequently located at hills, or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas. Some well known castros can be found, in the seashore, at Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña and O Neixón, and inland at San Cibrao de Lás, Borneiro, Castromao, and Viladonga. Some other distinctive features, such as temples, baths, reservoirs, warrior statues and decorative carvings have been found associated to this culture, together with rich gold and metalworking traditions.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Gallaeci

text: lived

text: in

text: castros

text: These

text: were

text: usually

text: annular

text: forts

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: concentric

text: earthen

text: or

text: stony

text: walls

text: with

text: a

text: trench

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: each

text: one

text: They

text: were

text: frequently

text: located

text: at

text: hills

text: or

text: in

text: seashore

text: cliffs

text: and

text: peninsulas

text: Some

text: well

text: known

text: castros

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: seashore

text: at

text: Fazouro

text: Santa

text: Tegra

text: Baroña

text: and

text: O

text: Neixón

text: and

text: inland

text: at

text: San

text: Cibrao

text: de

text: Lás

text: Borneiro

text: Castromao

text: and

text: Viladonga

text: Some

text: other

text: distinctive

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: temples

text: baths

text: reservoirs

text: warrior

text: statues

text: and

text: decorative

text: carvings

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: associated

text: to

text: this

text: culture

text: together

text: with

text: rich

text: gold

text: and

text: metalworking

text: traditions

question: What were the forts that the Gallaeci lived in called?

answer: castros

text: castros

question: Where were these forts commonly built?

answer: hills

text: hills

question: Where is one place where one of the inland forts can be found?

answer: Borneiro

text: Borneiro

question: Statues have been made in whose likeness?

answer: warrior

text: warrior


text: Napoleon's set of civil laws, the Code Civil—now often known as the Napoleonic Code—was prepared by committees of legal experts under the supervision of Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, the Second Consul. Napoleon participated actively in the sessions of the Council of State that revised the drafts. The development of the code was a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law legal system with its stress on clearly written and accessible law. Other codes ("Les cinq codes") were commissioned by Napoleon to codify criminal and commerce law; a Code of Criminal Instruction was published, which enacted rules of due process.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: set

text: of

text: civil

text: laws

text: the

text: Code

text: Civil

text: now

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Code

text: was

text: prepared

text: by

text: committees

text: of

text: legal

text: experts

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Régis

text: de

text: Cambacérès

text: the

text: Second

text: Consul

text: Napoleon

text: participated

text: actively

text: in

text: the

text: sessions

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: State

text: that

text: revised

text: the

text: drafts

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: code

text: was

text: a

text: fundamental

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: law

text: legal

text: system

text: with

text: its

text: stress

text: on

text: clearly

text: written

text: and

text: accessible

text: law

text: Other

text: codes

text: Les

text: cinq

text: codes

text: were

text: commissioned

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: to

text: codify

text: criminal

text: and

text: commerce

text: law

text: a

text: Code

text: of

text: Criminal

text: Instruction

text: was

text: published

text: which

text: enacted

text: rules

text: of

text: due

text: process

question: What was the contemporary term for the set of civil laws created by Napoleon?

answer: the Code Civil

text: the Code Civil

question: What is the Code Civil frequently referred to as now?

answer: the Napoleonic Code

text: the Napoleonic Code

question: What is the name of the person who supervised the preparation of the Code Civil?

answer: Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès

text: Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès

question: What was a code published under Napoleon that enacted rules related to due process?

answer: Code of Criminal Instruction

text: Code of Criminal Instruction


text: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Countries

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: quartile

text: of

text: HDI

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: group

text: with

text: a

text: missing

text: IHDI

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Singapore

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Liechtenstein

text: Brunei

text: Qatar

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Andorra

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: Bahrain

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Kuwait

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

answer: Cuba

text: Cuba

question: Is the top quartile of HDI considered "high" or "very high" human development?

answer: very high

text: very high

question: Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HIDI (but missing HIHDI)?

text: Cuba

question: s the top quartile of HDI considered "low" or "very low" human development?

text: very high


text: All animals have eukaryotic cells, surrounded by a characteristic extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastic glycoproteins. This may be calcified to form structures like shells, bones, and spicules. During development, it forms a relatively flexible framework upon which cells can move about and be reorganized, making complex structures possible. In contrast, other multicellular organisms, like plants and fungi, have cells held in place by cell walls, and so develop by progressive growth. Also, unique to animal cells are the following intercellular junctions: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: All

text: animals

text: have

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: characteristic

text: extracellular

text: matrix

text: composed

text: of

text: collagen

text: and

text: elastic

text: glycoproteins

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: calcified

text: to

text: form

text: structures

text: like

text: shells

text: bones

text: and

text: spicules

text: During

text: development

text: it

text: forms

text: a

text: relatively

text: flexible

text: framework

text: upon

text: which

text: cells

text: can

text: move

text: about

text: and

text: be

text: reorganized

text: making

text: complex

text: structures

text: possible

text: In

text: contrast

text: other

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: like

text: plants

text: and

text: fungi

text: have

text: cells

text: held

text: in

text: place

text: by

text: cell

text: walls

text: and

text: so

text: develop

text: by

text: progressive

text: growth

text: Also

text: unique

text: to

text: animal

text: cells

text: are

text: the

text: following

text: intercellular

text: junctions

text: tight

text: junctions

text: gap

text: junctions

text: and

text: desmosomes

question: What type of cells do all animals have?

answer: eukaryotic

text: eukaryotic

question: What is the extracellular matrix surrounding eukaryotic cells made of?

answer: collagen and elastic glycoproteins

text: collagen and elastic glycoproteins

question: What is formed when the collagen and elastic glycoproteins surrounding eukaryotic cells are calcified?

answer: shells, bones, and spicules

text: shells, bones, and spicules

question: How are cells held in place in plants and fungi?

answer: cell walls

text: cell walls

question: What are the intercellular junctions unique to animal cells?

answer: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

text: tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes


text: Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material will show some level of "dielectric absorption" or "soakage". On discharging a capacitor and disconnecting it, after a short time it may develop a voltage due to hysteresis in the dielectric. This effect can be objectionable in applications such as precision sample and hold circuits or timing circuits. The level of absorption depends on many factors, from design considerations to charging time, since the absorption is a time-dependent process. However, the primary factor is the type of dielectric material. Capacitors such as tantalum electrolytic or polysulfone film exhibit very high absorption, while polystyrene or Teflon allow very small levels of absorption. In some capacitors where dangerous voltages and energies exist, such as in flashtubes, television sets, and defibrillators, the dielectric absorption can recharge the capacitor to hazardous voltages after it has been shorted or discharged. Any capacitor containing over 10 joules of energy is generally considered hazardous, while 50 joules or higher is potentially lethal. A capacitor may regain anywhere from 0.01 to 20% of its original charge over a period of several minutes, allowing a seemingly safe capacitor to become surprisingly dangerous.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Capacitors

text: made

text: with

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: dielectric

text: material

text: will

text: show

text: some

text: level

text: of

text: dielectric

text: absorption

text: or

text: soakage

text: On

text: discharging

text: a

text: capacitor

text: and

text: disconnecting

text: it

text: after

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: it

text: may

text: develop

text: a

text: voltage

text: due

text: to

text: hysteresis

text: in

text: the

text: dielectric

text: This

text: effect

text: can

text: be

text: objectionable

text: in

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: precision

text: sample

text: and

text: hold

text: circuits

text: or

text: timing

text: circuits

text: The

text: level

text: of

text: absorption

text: depends

text: on

text: many

text: factors

text: from

text: design

text: considerations

text: to

text: charging

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: absorption

text: is

text: a

text: time

text: dependent

text: process

text: However

text: the

text: primary

text: factor

text: is

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: dielectric

text: material

text: Capacitors

text: such

text: as

text: tantalum

text: electrolytic

text: or

text: polysulfone

text: film

text: exhibit

text: very

text: high

text: absorption

text: while

text: polystyrene

text: or

text: Teflon

text: allow

text: very

text: small

text: levels

text: of

text: absorption

text: In

text: some

text: capacitors

text: where

text: dangerous

text: voltages

text: and

text: energies

text: exist

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: flashtubes

text: television

text: sets

text: and

text: defibrillators

text: the

text: dielectric

text: absorption

text: can

text: recharge

text: the

text: capacitor

text: to

text: hazardous

text: voltages

text: after

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: shorted

text: or

text: discharged

text: Any

text: capacitor

text: containing

text: over

text: joules

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: hazardous

text: while

text: joules

text: or

text: higher

text: is

text: potentially

text: lethal

text: A

text: capacitor

text: may

text: regain

text: anywhere

text: from

text: to

text: of

text: its

text: original

text: charge

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: several

text: minutes

text: allowing

text: a

text: seemingly

text: safe

text: capacitor

text: to

text: become

text: surprisingly

text: dangerous

question: After discharging and disconnecting a capacitor, what causes it to develop a voltage?

answer: hysteresis in the dielectric

text: hysteresis in the dielectric

question: What does the process of dielectric absorption in a capacitor depend on?

answer: time-dependent

text: time-dependent

question: What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor display?

answer: very high absorption

text: very high absorption

question: What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor exhibit?

answer: very small levels of absorption

text: very small levels of absorption

question: What amount of energy must a capacitor contain in order to be generally considered dangerous?

answer: over 10 joules of energy

text: over 10 joules of energy

question: After discharging and disconnecting a capacitor, what causes it to underdevelop a voltage?

text: hysteresis in the dielectric

question: What does the process of dielectric absorption in a capacitor not depend on?

text: time-dependent

question: What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor never display?

text: very high absorption

question: What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor never exhibit?

text: very small levels of absorption

question: What amount of energy must a capacitor contain in order to never be considered dangerous?

text: 10 joules of energy


text: It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. The well-known balsa (a hardwood) is actually softer than any commercial softwood. Conversely, some softwoods (e.g. yew) are harder than many hardwoods.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: to

text: classify

text: wood

text: as

text: either

text: softwood

text: or

text: hardwood

text: The

text: wood

text: from

text: conifers

text: e.g.

text: pine

text: is

text: called

text: softwood

text: and

text: the

text: wood

text: from

text: dicotyledons

text: usually

text: broad

text: leaved

text: trees

text: e.g.

text: oak

text: is

text: called

text: hardwood

text: These

text: names

text: are

text: a

text: bit

text: misleading

text: as

text: hardwoods

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: hard

text: and

text: softwoods

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: soft

text: The

text: well

text: known

text: balsa

text: a

text: hardwood

text: is

text: actually

text: softer

text: than

text: any

text: commercial

text: softwood

text: Conversely

text: some

text: softwoods

text: e.g.

text: yew

text: are

text: harder

text: than

text: many

text: hardwoods

question: What term do we use for the wood that comes from pine trees?

answer: softwood

text: softwood

question: What kind of wood does an oak tree have?

answer: hardwood

text: hardwood

question: Is balsa a softwood or a hardwood?

answer: hardwood

text: hardwood

question: What's an example of a softwood that isn't "soft," and is actually harder than a lot of hardwoods?

answer: yew

text: yew

question: What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves?

answer: dicotyledons

text: dicotyledons


text: Electric instruments such as the electric guitar, the electric bass and the ondes Martenot appear occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniques such as the use of sampled or computer-generated sounds, and instruments from other cultures such as the gamelan.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Electric

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: electric

text: guitar

text: the

text: electric

text: bass

text: and

text: the

text: ondes

text: Martenot

text: appear

text: occasionally

text: in

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Both

text: classical

text: and

text: popular

text: musicians

text: have

text: experimented

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

text: with

text: electronic

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: synthesizer

text: electric

text: and

text: digital

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: sampled

text: or

text: computer

text: generated

text: sounds

text: and

text: instruments

text: from

text: other

text: cultures

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: gamelan

question: What type of instrument appears occasionally in the 20th and 21st century styles of classical music?

answer: Electric

text: Electric

question: What type of musicians besides classical have experimented with electronic instruments?

answer: popular

text: popular

question: What type of instrument is the gamelan?

answer: electronic

text: electronic


text: Kingdom Plantae belongs to Domain Eukarya and is broken down recursively until each species is separately classified. The order is: Kingdom; Phylum (or Division); Class; Order; Family; Genus (plural genera); Species. The scientific name of a plant represents its genus and its species within the genus, resulting in a single world-wide name for each organism. For example, the tiger lily is Lilium columbianum. Lilium is the genus, and columbianum the specific epithet. The combination is the name of the species. When writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase. Additionally, the entire term is ordinarily italicised (or underlined when italics are not available).

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Kingdom

text: Plantae

text: belongs

text: to

text: Domain

text: Eukarya

text: and

text: is

text: broken

text: down

text: recursively

text: until

text: each

text: species

text: is

text: separately

text: classified

text: The

text: order

text: is

text: Kingdom

text: Phylum

text: or

text: Division

text: Class

text: Order

text: Family

text: Genus

text: plural

text: genera

text: Species

text: The

text: scientific

text: name

text: of

text: a

text: plant

text: represents

text: its

text: genus

text: and

text: its

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: world

text: wide

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: organism

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: tiger

text: lily

text: is

text: Lilium

text: columbianum

text: Lilium

text: is

text: the

text: genus

text: and

text: columbianum

text: the

text: specific

text: epithet

text: The

text: combination

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: When

text: writing

text: the

text: scientific

text: name

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: it

text: is

text: proper

text: to

text: capitalise

text: the

text: first

text: letter

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: and

text: put

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: specific

text: epithet

text: in

text: lowercase

text: Additionally

text: the

text: entire

text: term

text: is

text: ordinarily

text: italicised

text: or

text: underlined

text: when

text: italics

text: are

text: not

text: available

question: What is the main grouping of a plant know as?

answer: Kingdom

text: Kingdom

question: What is the most narrow grouping of a plant?

answer: Species

text: Species

question: Do different countries refer to plants by different names?

answer: single world-wide name

text: single world-wide name

question: What part of the name is always capitalized?

answer: the genus

text: the genus

question: How is the entire name usually presented in scientific texts?

answer: italicised

text: italicised


text: Oskar Luts was the most prominent prose writer of the early Estonian literature, who is still widely read today, especially his lyrical school novel Kevade (Spring). Anton Hansen Tammsaare's social epic and psychological realist pentalogy Truth and Justice captured the evolution of Estonian society from a peasant community to an independent nation. In modern times, Jaan Kross and Jaan Kaplinski are Estonia's best known and most translated writers. Among the most popular writers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries are Tõnu Õnnepalu and Andrus Kivirähk, who uses elements of Estonian folklore and mythology, deforming them into absurd and grotesque.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Oskar

text: Luts

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: prose

text: writer

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Estonian

text: literature

text: who

text: is

text: still

text: widely

text: read

text: today

text: especially

text: his

text: lyrical

text: school

text: novel

text: Kevade

text: Spring

text: Anton

text: Hansen

text: Tammsaare

text: 's

text: social

text: epic

text: and

text: psychological

text: realist

text: pentalogy

text: Truth

text: and

text: Justice

text: captured

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: Estonian

text: society

text: from

text: a

text: peasant

text: community

text: to

text: an

text: independent

text: nation

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Jaan

text: Kross

text: and

text: Jaan

text: Kaplinski

text: are

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: best

text: known

text: and

text: most

text: translated

text: writers

text: Among

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: writers

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: are

text: Tõnu

text: Õnnepalu

text: and

text: Andrus

text: Kivirähk

text: who

text: uses

text: elements

text: of

text: Estonian

text: folklore

text: and

text: mythology

text: deforming

text: them

text: into

text: absurd

text: and

text: grotesque

question: Who was the most famous prose writer in early Estonian history?

answer: Oskar Luts

text: Oskar Luts

question: What is the name of lyrical novel written by Oskar Luts?

answer: Kevade

text: Kevade

question: What is the name of the book written by Anton Hansen Tammsaare?

answer: Truth and Justice

text: Truth and Justice

question: Who wrote a book detailing Estonia's rise from peasants to independence?

answer: Anton Hansen Tammsaare

text: Anton Hansen Tammsaare


text: As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 the situation in Europe had cooled down sufficiently that João VI would have been able to return safely to Lisbon. However, the King of Portugal remained in Brazil until the Liberal Revolution of 1820, which started in Porto, demanded his return to Lisbon in 1821.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: its

text: status

text: and

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: royal

text: family

text: Brazilian

text: administrative

text: civic

text: economical

text: military

text: educational

text: and

text: scientific

text: apparatus

text: were

text: expanded

text: and

text: highly

text: modernized

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: their

text: allied

text: British

text: troops

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: Europe

text: had

text: cooled

text: down

text: sufficiently

text: that

text: João

text: VI

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: return

text: safely

text: to

text: Lisbon

text: However

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Portugal

text: remained

text: in

text: Brazil

text: until

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Revolution

text: of

text: which

text: started

text: in

text: Porto

text: demanded

text: his

text: return

text: to

text: Lisbon

text: in

question: What provoked the modernization and expansion of the Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus?

answer: the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family

text: the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family

question: Portugese and British troops fought against the invasion of which country?

answer: French

text: French

question: By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon?

answer: 1815

question: Until when did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil?

answer: until the Liberal Revolution of 1820

text: until the Liberal Revolution of 1820

question: Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin?

answer: Porto

text: Porto


text: The sovereign territory of Israel (according to the demarcation lines of the 1949 Armistice Agreements and excluding all territories captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War) is approximately 20,770 square kilometers (8,019 sq mi) in area, of which two percent is water. However Israel is so narrow that the exclusive economic zone in the Mediterranean is double the land area of the country. The total area under Israeli law, including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, is 22,072 square kilometers (8,522 sq mi), and the total area under Israeli control, including the military-controlled and partially Palestinian-governed territory of the West Bank, is 27,799 square kilometers (10,733 sq mi). Despite its small size, Israel is home to a variety of geographic features, from the Negev desert in the south to the inland fertile Jezreel Valley, mountain ranges of the Galilee, Carmel and toward the Golan in the north. The Israeli Coastal Plain on the shores of the Mediterranean is home to 57 percent of the nation's population. East of the central highlands lies the Jordan Rift Valley, which forms a small part of the 6,500-kilometer (4,039 mi) Great Rift Valley.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: sovereign

text: territory

text: of

text: Israel

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: demarcation

text: lines

text: of

text: the

text: Armistice

text: Agreements

text: and

text: excluding

text: all

text: territories

text: captured

text: by

text: Israel

text: during

text: the

text: Six

text: Day

text: War

text: is

text: approximately

text: square

text: kilometers

text: sq

text: mi

text: in

text: area

text: of

text: which

text: two

text: percent

text: is

text: water

text: However

text: Israel

text: is

text: so

text: narrow

text: that

text: the

text: exclusive

text: economic

text: zone

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: is

text: double

text: the

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: under

text: Israeli

text: law

text: including

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: is

text: square

text: kilometers

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: the

text: total

text: area

text: under

text: Israeli

text: control

text: including

text: the

text: military

text: controlled

text: and

text: partially

text: Palestinian

text: governed

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: is

text: square

text: kilometers

text: sq

text: mi

text: Despite

text: its

text: small

text: size

text: Israel

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: geographic

text: features

text: from

text: the

text: Negev

text: desert

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: inland

text: fertile

text: Jezreel

text: Valley

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: of

text: the

text: Galilee

text: Carmel

text: and

text: toward

text: the

text: Golan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: Israeli

text: Coastal

text: Plain

text: on

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: population

text: East

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: highlands

text: lies

text: the

text: Jordan

text: Rift

text: Valley

text: which

text: forms

text: a

text: small

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: mi

text: Great

text: Rift

text: Valley

question: Where does the Jordan Rift Valley lie?

answer: East of the central highlands

text: East of the central highlands

question: What's home to 57% of the nation's population?

answer: Israeli Coastal Plain

text: Israeli Coastal Plain

question: How big is the sovereign territory of Israel?

answer: 20,770 square kilometers

text: 20,770 square kilometers


text: Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Some

text: high

text: mountain

text: villages

text: such

text: as

text: Avoriaz

text: in

text: France

text: Wengen

text: and

text: Zermatt

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: are

text: accessible

text: only

text: by

text: cable

text: car

text: or

text: cog

text: rail

text: trains

text: and

text: are

text: car

text: free

text: Other

text: villages

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: are

text: considering

text: becoming

text: car

text: free

text: zones

text: or

text: limiting

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cars

text: for

text: reasons

text: of

text: sustainability

text: of

text: the

text: fragile

text: Alpine

text: terrain

question: Where is the village of Avoriaz located?

answer: France

text: France

question: Where are the villages of Wengen and Zermatt located?

answer: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

question: Why are villages considering becoming car free zones?

answer: reasons of sustainability

text: reasons of sustainability


text: On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, was established and remained affiliated with the CPSU. However, Lithuania’s governing Communist Party was formally independent from Moscow's control – a first for Soviet Republics and a political earthquake that prompted Gorbachev to arrange a visit to Lithuania the following month in a futile attempt to bring the local party back under control.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Algirdas

text: Brazauskas

text: split

text: from

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: abandoned

text: its

text: claim

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: constitutional

text: leading

text: role

text: in

text: politics

text: A

text: smaller

text: loyalist

text: faction

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: headed

text: by

text: hardliner

text: Mykolas

text: Burokevičius

text: was

text: established

text: and

text: remained

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: CPSU

text: However

text: Lithuania

text: ’s

text: governing

text: Communist

text: Party

text: was

text: formally

text: independent

text: from

text: Moscow

text: 's

text: control

text: a

text: first

text: for

text: Soviet

text: Republics

text: and

text: a

text: political

text: earthquake

text: that

text: prompted

text: Gorbachev

text: to

text: arrange

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: following

text: month

text: in

text: a

text: futile

text: attempt

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: local

text: party

text: back

text: under

text: control

question: Who was in charge of Lithuania's Communist Party in 1989

answer: Algirdas Brazauskas

text: Algirdas Brazauskas

question: What party did  Lithuania's Communist Party break apart from?

answer: Communist Party of the Soviet Union

text: Communist Party of the Soviet Union

question: Who was in charge of the loyalist faction?

answer: Mykolas Burokevičius,

text: Mykolas Burokevičius,

question: What place's control was the Communist Party of Lithuania out from under after the split?

answer: Moscow's

text: Moscow's

question: Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party?

answer: Gorbachev

text: Gorbachev


text: Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless:

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Treaties

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: permanently

text: binding

text: upon

text: the

text: signatory

text: parties

text: As

text: obligations

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: are

text: traditionally

text: viewed

text: as

text: arising

text: only

text: from

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: states

text: many

text: treaties

text: expressly

text: allow

text: a

text: state

text: to

text: withdraw

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: it

text: follows

text: certain

text: procedures

text: of

text: notification

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Single

text: Convention

text: on

text: Narcotic

text: Drugs

text: provides

text: that

text: the

text: treaty

text: will

text: terminate

text: if

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: denunciations

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: parties

text: falls

text: below

text: Many

text: treaties

text: expressly

text: forbid

text: withdrawal

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Vienna

text: Convention

text: on

text: the

text: Law

text: of

text: Treaties

text: provides

text: that

text: where

text: a

text: treaty

text: is

text: silent

text: over

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: denounced

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: rebuttable

text: presumption

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: unilaterally

text: denounced

text: unless

question: Traditionally, what must a state do in order for an obligation to arise in international law?

answer: consent

text: consent

question: What is the only barrier to withdrawal contained in many treaties?

answer: procedures of notification

text: procedures of notification

question: Are treaties permanently binding upon the signatory parties?

answer: not necessarily

text: not necessarily

question: What treaty will terminate if the number of parties falls below 40 as a result of denunciations?

answer: the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

text: the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

question: Which article of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that there is a presumption that treaties cannot be unilaterally denounced?

answer: Article 56

text: Article 56


text: In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: existence

text: the

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: format

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: AC

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: mainly

text: instrumental

text: and

text: related

text: a

text: stronger

text: resemblance

text: to

text: the

text: soft

text: AC

text: styled

text: music

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: artists

text: like

text: George

text: Benson

text: Kenny

text: G

text: and

text: Dave

text: Koz

text: had

text: crossover

text: hits

text: that

text: were

text: played

text: on

text: both

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: and

text: soft

text: AC

text: stations

question: What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary?

answer: smooth jazz

text: smooth jazz

question: What type of music was predominantly played on smooth jazz stations?

answer: instrumental

text: instrumental

question: Along with Kenny G and Dave Koz, what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?

answer: George Benson

text: George Benson

question: What other format of station were smooth jazz artists sometimes featured on?

answer: soft AC

text: soft AC