text: The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Paris

text: today

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: its

text: historical

text: peak

text: of

text: million

text: in

text: The

text: principal

text: reasons

text: were

text: a

text: significant

text: decline

text: in

text: household

text: size

text: and

text: a

text: dramatic

text: migration

text: of

text: residents

text: to

text: the

text: suburbs

text: between

text: and

text: Factors

text: in

text: the

text: migration

text: included

text: de

text: industrialisation

text: high

text: rent

text: the

text: gentrification

text: of

text: many

text: inner

text: quarters

text: the

text: transformation

text: of

text: living

text: space

text: into

text: offices

text: and

text: greater

text: affluence

text: among

text: working

text: families

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: loss

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: population

text: estimate

text: of

text: July

text: showed

text: a

text: population

text: increase

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: and

text: the

text: population

text: reached

text: by

question: What is Paris' peak population?

answer: 2.9 million

text: 2.9 million

question: When was Paris' population peak?

answer: 1921

question: What year was the first population increase since 1954?

answer: 2004

question: What was the population in 2009?

answer: 2,234,000


text: The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an international authority and standard defining organization on color and lighting. Publishing widely used standard metrics such as various CIE color spaces and the color rendering index.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: The

text: International

text: Commission

text: on

text: Illumination

text: CIE

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: authority

text: and

text: standard

text: defining

text: organization

text: on

text: color

text: and

text: lighting

text: Publishing

text: widely

text: used

text: standard

text: metrics

text: such

text: as

text: various

text: CIE

text: color

text: spaces

text: and

text: the

text: color

text: rendering

text: index

question: What does the CIE stand for?

answer: International Commission on Illumination

text: International Commission on Illumination


text: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: New

text: Mexico

text: is

text: commonly

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: Spanish

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: alongside

text: English

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: wide

text: usage

text: and

text: legal

text: promotion

text: of

text: Spanish

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: however

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: no

text: official

text: language

text: New

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: laws

text: are

text: promulgated

text: bilingually

text: in

text: Spanish

text: and

text: English

text: Although

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: government

text: 's

text: paper

text: working

text: language

text: government

text: business

text: is

text: often

text: conducted

text: in

text: Spanish

text: particularly

text: at

text: the

text: local

text: level

text: Spanish

text: has

text: been

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Colorado

text: border

text: and

text: the

text: contemporary

text: U.S

text: Mexico

text: border

text: since

text: the

text: century.[citation

text: needed

question: Does New Mexico have an official language?

answer: the state has no official language.

text: the state has no official language.

question: What language is New Mexico's language written in?

answer: New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English.

text: New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English.

question: How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish?

answer: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century

text: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century

question: Is New Mexico known for the Spanish language?

answer: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state

text: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state

question: Does Colorado have an official language?

text: the state has no official language

question: What language is Colorado's laws written in?

text: Spanish and English

question: For how long has Spanish been spoken in Spain?

text: since the 16th century

question: What is government business often conducted in in Spain?

text: Spanish

question: What is the Colorado government's paper working laguage?

text: English


text: When war broke out between France and its rivals, Russian and Austrian forces invaded Switzerland. The Swiss refused to fight alongside the French in the name of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 Napoleon organised a meeting of the leading Swiss politicians from both sides in Paris. The result was the Act of Mediation which largely restored Swiss autonomy and introduced a Confederation of 19 cantons. Henceforth, much of Swiss politics would concern balancing the cantons' tradition of self-rule with the need for a central government.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: When

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: between

text: France

text: and

text: its

text: rivals

text: Russian

text: and

text: Austrian

text: forces

text: invaded

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: Swiss

text: refused

text: to

text: fight

text: alongside

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: Helvetic

text: Republic

text: In

text: Napoleon

text: organised

text: a

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: Swiss

text: politicians

text: from

text: both

text: sides

text: in

text: Paris

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: the

text: Act

text: of

text: Mediation

text: which

text: largely

text: restored

text: Swiss

text: autonomy

text: and

text: introduced

text: a

text: Confederation

text: of

text: cantons

text: Henceforth

text: much

text: of

text: Swiss

text: politics

text: would

text: concern

text: balancing

text: the

text: cantons

text: tradition

text: of

text: self

text: rule

text: with

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: a

text: central

text: government

question: During the Helvetic Republic, which forces invaded Switzerland when war broke out between France and its rivals?

answer: Russian and Austrian

text: Russian and Austrian

question: Who refused to fight alongside the Helvetic Republic when it was invaded by the Russians and Austrians?

answer: The Swiss

text: The Swiss

question: What Act was the result of a meeting of Swiss politicians organized by Napolean?

answer: Act of Mediation

text: Act of Mediation

question: What was the Act of Mediation responsible for restoring?

answer: Swiss autonomy

text: Swiss autonomy

question: How many cantons were introduced as a Confederation by the Act of Mediation?

answer: 19


text: The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System. The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in demographic planning; to establish the relationship between malaria vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of meningitis using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: The

text: Nigerian

text: government

text: has

text: commissioned

text: the

text: overseas

text: production

text: and

text: launch

text: of

text: four

text: satellites

text: The

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: satellite

text: to

text: be

text: built

text: under

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: government

text: sponsorship

text: The

text: satellite

text: was

text: launched

text: from

text: Russia

text: on

text: September

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: wide

text: Disaster

text: Monitoring

text: Constellation

text: System

text: The

text: primary

text: objectives

text: of

text: the

text: were

text: to

text: give

text: early

text: warning

text: signals

text: of

text: environmental

text: disaster

text: to

text: help

text: detect

text: and

text: control

text: desertification

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: demographic

text: planning

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: malaria

text: vectors

text: and

text: the

text: environment

text: that

text: breeds

text: malaria

text: and

text: to

text: give

text: early

text: warning

text: signals

text: on

text: future

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: meningitis

text: using

text: remote

text: sensing

text: technology

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: technology

text: needed

text: to

text: bring

text: education

text: to

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: through

text: distant

text: learning

text: and

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: conflict

text: resolution

text: and

text: border

text: disputes

text: by

text: mapping

text: out

text: state

text: and

text: International

text: borders

question: When did Nigeria launch its first satellite?

answer: 27 September 2003

text: 27 September 2003

question: What was Nigeria's first satellite called?

answer: Nigeriasat-1

question: Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: How many satellites has the Nigerian government commissioned?

answer: four

text: four


text: Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Once

text: regarded

text: as

text: plants

text: constituting

text: the

text: class

text: Schizomycetes

text: bacteria

text: are

text: now

text: classified

text: as

text: prokaryotes

text: Unlike

text: cells

text: of

text: animals

text: and

text: other

text: eukaryotes

text: bacterial

text: cells

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: a

text: nucleus

text: and

text: rarely

text: harbour

text: membrane

text: bound

text: organelles

text: Although

text: the

text: term

text: bacteria

text: traditionally

text: included

text: all

text: prokaryotes

text: the

text: scientific

text: classification

text: changed

text: after

text: the

text: discovery

text: in

text: the

text: that

text: prokaryotes

text: consist

text: of

text: two

text: very

text: different

text: groups

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: evolved

text: from

text: an

text: ancient

text: common

text: ancestor

text: These

text: evolutionary

text: domains

text: are

text: called

text: Bacteria

text: and

text: Archaea

question: What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as?

answer: prokaryotes

text: prokaryotes

question: What vital part is missing in bacteria to eukaryotes?

answer: nucleus

text: nucleus

question: When did the scientific classification change?

answer: 1990s

question: What are two main groups prokaryotes can be divided into?

answer: Bacteria and Archaea

text: Bacteria and Archaea


text: In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: rapidly

text: rising

text: oil

text: revenues

text: enabled

text: the

text: government

text: to

text: finance

text: large

text: scale

text: development

text: projects

text: with

text: GDP

text: growth

text: averaging

text: annually

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: rates

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: government

text: has

text: mortgaged

text: a

text: substantial

text: portion

text: of

text: its

text: petroleum

text: earnings

text: contributing

text: to

text: a

text: shortage

text: of

text: revenues

text: January

text: devaluation

text: of

text: Franc

text: Zone

text: currencies

text: by

text: resulted

text: in

text: inflation

text: of

text: in

text: but

text: inflation

text: has

text: subsided

text: since

question: What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?

answer: large-scale development projects

text: large-scale development projects

question: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?

answer: 5%

question: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?

answer: 50%

question: How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?

answer: 46%

question: When did oil revenues rapidly decline?

text: the early 1980s

question: What enabled the government to finance small development projects?

text: rising oil revenues

question: What was financed by rising forestry revenues?

text: large-scale development projects

question: What contributed to an excess of revenues?

question: What year was inflation at its lowest point?


text: A self-described "modern-day feminist", Beyoncé creates songs that are often characterized by themes of love, relationships, and monogamy, as well as female sexuality and empowerment. On stage, her dynamic, highly choreographed performances have led to critics hailing her as one of the best entertainers in contemporary popular music. Throughout a career spanning 19 years, she has sold over 118 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million with Destiny's Child, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. She has won 20 Grammy Awards and is the most nominated woman in the award's history. The Recording Industry Association of America recognized her as the Top Certified Artist in America during the 2000s decade. In 2009, Billboard named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade, the Top Female Artist of the 2000s and their Artist of the Millennium in 2011. Time listed her among the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and 2014. Forbes magazine also listed her as the most powerful female musician of 2015.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: A

text: self

text: described

text: modern

text: day

text: feminist

text: Beyoncé

text: creates

text: songs

text: that

text: are

text: often

text: characterized

text: by

text: themes

text: of

text: love

text: relationships

text: and

text: monogamy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: female

text: sexuality

text: and

text: empowerment

text: On

text: stage

text: her

text: dynamic

text: highly

text: choreographed

text: performances

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: critics

text: hailing

text: her

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: entertainers

text: in

text: contemporary

text: popular

text: music

text: Throughout

text: a

text: career

text: spanning

text: years

text: she

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: records

text: as

text: a

text: solo

text: artist

text: and

text: a

text: further

text: million

text: with

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: making

text: her

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: music

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: She

text: has

text: won

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: nominated

text: woman

text: in

text: the

text: award

text: 's

text: history

text: The

text: Recording

text: Industry

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: recognized

text: her

text: as

text: the

text: Top

text: Certified

text: Artist

text: in

text: America

text: during

text: the

text: decade

text: In

text: Billboard

text: named

text: her

text: the

text: Top

text: Radio

text: Songs

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: Decade

text: the

text: Top

text: Female

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: their

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: Millennium

text: in

text: Time

text: listed

text: her

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: and

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: also

text: listed

text: her

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: female

text: musician

text: of

question: In her music, what are some recurring elements in them?

answer: love, relationships, and monogamy

text: love, relationships, and monogamy

question: Time magazine named her one of the most 100 what people of the century?

answer: influential

text: influential

question: Which magazine declared her the most dominant woman musician?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: In which decade did the Recording Industry Association of America recognize Beyonce as the The Top Certified Artist?

answer: 2000s

question: What magazine rated Beyonce as the most powerful female musician in 2015?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: How did Beyonce describe herself as a feminist?

answer: modern-day feminist

text: modern-day feminist

question: In which years did Time rate Beyonce in the 100 most influential people in the world?

answer: 2013 and 2014

text: 2013 and 2014

question: How many records has Beyonce sold in her 19 year career?

answer: 118 million

text: 118 million

question: How many records did Beyoncé sell as part of Destiny's Child?

answer: 60 million

text: 60 million

question: After leaving Destiny's Child, how many records did Beyoncé release under her own name?

answer: 118 million

text: 118 million

question: How many Grammy awards has Beyoncé won?

answer: 20

question: What magazine named Beyoncé as the most powerful female musician for 2015?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes


text: A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms. This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages. Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants. Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: A

text: report

text: released

text: in

text: January

text: by

text: the

text: Diário

text: de

text: Notícias

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: Portugal

text: by

text: Gradiva

text: had

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: Carnation

text: Revolution

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: democratic

text: Portuguese

text: Republic

text: governments

text: encouraged

text: over

text: expenditure

text: and

text: investment

text: bubbles

text: through

text: unclear

text: Public

text: private

text: partnerships

text: and

text: funding

text: of

text: numerous

text: ineffective

text: and

text: unnecessary

text: external

text: consultancy

text: and

text: advisory

text: of

text: committees

text: and

text: firms

text: This

text: allowed

text: considerable

text: slippage

text: in

text: state

text: managed

text: public

text: works

text: and

text: inflated

text: top

text: management

text: and

text: head

text: officer

text: bonuses

text: and

text: wages

text: Persistent

text: and

text: lasting

text: recruitment

text: policies

text: boosted

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: redundant

text: public

text: servants

text: Risky

text: credit

text: public

text: debt

text: creation

text: and

text: European

text: structural

text: and

text: cohesion

text: funds

text: were

text: mismanaged

text: across

text: almost

text: four

text: decades

question: Between 1974 and 2010, how did the Portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles?

answer: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms

text: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms

question: By whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the Portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles?

answer: Diário de Notícias

text: Diário de Notícias


text: An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply. The groundwater supply in turn plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020. The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate of $1.50 per square foot for those who convert water intensive lawns to more local drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: An

text: urban

text: runoff

text: facility

text: SMURFF

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: catches

text: and

text: treats

text: million

text: US

text: gallons

text: of

text: water

text: each

text: week

text: that

text: would

text: otherwise

text: flow

text: into

text: the

text: bay

text: via

text: storm

text: drains

text: and

text: sells

text: it

text: back

text: to

text: end

text: users

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: for

text: reuse

text: as

text: gray

text: water

text: while

text: bio

text: swales

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: allow

text: rainwater

text: to

text: percolate

text: into

text: and

text: replenish

text: the

text: groundwater

text: supply

text: The

text: groundwater

text: supply

text: in

text: turn

text: plays

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Sustainable

text: Water

text: Master

text: Plan

text: whereby

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: has

text: set

text: a

text: goal

text: of

text: attaining

text: water

text: independence

text: by

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: numerous

text: programs

text: designed

text: to

text: promote

text: water

text: conservation

text: among

text: residents

text: including

text: a

text: rebate

text: of

text: per

text: square

text: foot

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: convert

text: water

text: intensive

text: lawns

text: to

text: more

text: local

text: drought

text: tolerant

text: gardens

text: that

text: require

text: less

text: water

question: What is the name of the urban runoff facility?

answer: (SMURFF)

text: (SMURFF)

question: How many gallons of water does (SMURFF) treat every week?

answer: 3.5 million

text: 3.5 million

question: Santa Monica plans on water independence by what year?

answer: 2020

question: How much money do residents get back for participating in water conservation per square foot?

answer: $1.50

question: If (SMURFF) did not collect water where would it go?

answer: into the bay

text: into the bay

question: How much does SMURFF charge per gallon for its gray water?

question: How much rainwater falls in Santa Monica each week?

text: 3.5 million US gallons

question: How much water is used by water intensive lawns each week?

text: 3.5 million US gallons

question: What's the establishment year for the Sustainable Water Master Plan?

question: How much water a week is used by local drought-tolerant gardens?

text: 3.5 million US gallons


text: In the late 1980s, key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices. Building upon this foundation, Dr. Moustakas at Boston University patented a method for producing high-brightness blue LEDs using a new two-step process. Two years later, in 1993, high-brightness blue LEDs were demonstrated again by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation using a gallium nitride growth process similar to Dr. Moustakas's. Both Dr. Moustakas and Mr. Nakamura were issued separate patents, which confused the issue of who was the original inventor (partly because although Dr. Moustakas invented his first, Dr. Nakamura filed first).[citation needed] This new development revolutionized LED lighting, making high-power blue light sources practical, leading to the development of technologies like BlueRay, as well as allowing the bright high resolution screens of modern tablets and phones.[citation needed]

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: key

text: breakthroughs

text: in

text: GaN

text: epitaxial

text: growth

text: and

text: p

text: type

text: doping

text: ushered

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: of

text: GaN

text: based

text: optoelectronic

text: devices

text: Building

text: upon

text: this

text: foundation

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: at

text: Boston

text: University

text: patented

text: a

text: method

text: for

text: producing

text: high

text: brightness

text: blue

text: LEDs

text: using

text: a

text: new

text: two

text: step

text: process

text: Two

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: high

text: brightness

text: blue

text: LEDs

text: were

text: demonstrated

text: again

text: by

text: Shuji

text: Nakamura

text: of

text: Nichia

text: Corporation

text: using

text: a

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: growth

text: process

text: similar

text: to

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: 's

text: Both

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Nakamura

text: were

text: issued

text: separate

text: patents

text: which

text: confused

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: original

text: inventor

text: partly

text: because

text: although

text: Dr.

text: Moustakas

text: invented

text: his

text: first

text: Dr.

text: Nakamura

text: filed

text: first).[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: new

text: development

text: revolutionized

text: LED

text: lighting

text: making

text: high

text: power

text: blue

text: light

text: sources

text: practical

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: technologies

text: like

text: BlueRay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: allowing

text: the

text: bright

text: high

text: resolution

text: screens

text: of

text: modern

text: tablets

text: and

text: phones.[citation

text: needed

question: In what decade were breakthroughs made that brought in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices?

answer: 1980s

question: Who first patented a method to produce high-brightness blue LEDs?

answer: Shuji Nakamura

text: Shuji Nakamura

question: Who first invented a method to produce high-brightness blue LEDs?

answer: Dr. Moustakas

text: Dr. Moustakas

question: What technology was made possible by high-power blue light sources?

answer: BlueRay

text: BlueRay

question: What is one modern gadget that benefits from high-power blue LED lighting?

answer: tablets

text: tablets

question: In what decade were breakthroughs made that brought in the ancient era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices?

question: Who first patented a method to produce high-brightness red LEDs?

text: Shuji Nakamura

question: Who first invented a method to produce high-brightness red LEDs?

text: Dr. Moustakas

question: What technology was made possible by low-power blue light sources?

text: BlueRay

question: What is one modern gadget that benefits from high-power red LED lighting?

text: tablets


text: Ranthambore National Park is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best place in India to spot tigers. At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there. Prominent among the wildlife sanctuaries are Mount Abu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darrah Sanctuary, Jaisamand Sanctuary, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar sanctuary, and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: Ranthambore

text: National

text: Park

text: is

text: known

text: worldwide

text: for

text: its

text: tiger

text: population

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: both

text: wilderness

text: lovers

text: and

text: photographers

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: place

text: in

text: India

text: to

text: spot

text: tigers

text: At

text: one

text: point

text: due

text: to

text: poaching

text: and

text: negligence

text: tigers

text: became

text: extinct

text: at

text: Sariska

text: but

text: five

text: tigers

text: have

text: been

text: relocated

text: there

text: Prominent

text: among

text: the

text: wildlife

text: sanctuaries

text: are

text: Mount

text: Abu

text: Sanctuary

text: Bhensrod

text: Garh

text: Sanctuary

text: Darrah

text: Sanctuary

text: Jaisamand

text: Sanctuary

text: Kumbhalgarh

text: Wildlife

text: Sanctuary

text: Jawahar

text: Sagar

text: sanctuary

text: and

text: Sita

text: Mata

text: Wildlife

text: Sanctuary

question: What Rajasthani national park is known for its tigers?

answer: Ranthambore National Park

text: Ranthambore National Park

question: How many tigers were relocated to Sariska?

answer: five tigers

text: five tigers

question: Ranthamb National Park is known by photographers as what?

answer: one of the best place in India to spot tigers

text: one of the best place in India to spot tigers

question: Why did tigers became extinct in Sariska?

answer: poaching and negligence

text: poaching and negligence

question: What is Sarska know for worldwide?

text: its tiger population

question: What is Sarska considered by wilderness lovers and photographers?

question: Why did tigers become extinct in Bhensrod Garh?

text: poaching and negligence

question: What has Jawahar Sagar sanctuary done to help increase the tiger population?

text: five tigers have been relocated there

question: What sanctuary does Bhensrod Garh consider the best place to relocate tigers?

text: Ranthambore National Park


text: Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in Britain during the nineteenth century, but 18 between the years 1937 and 2000. Red crossbills Loxia curvirostra too are irruptive, with widespread invasions across England noted in 1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Sometimes

text: circumstances

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: good

text: breeding

text: season

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: food

text: source

text: failure

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: lead

text: to

text: irruptions

text: in

text: which

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: a

text: species

text: move

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: normal

text: range

text: Bohemian

text: waxwings

text: Bombycilla

text: garrulus

text: well

text: show

text: this

text: unpredictable

text: variation

text: in

text: annual

text: numbers

text: with

text: five

text: major

text: arrivals

text: in

text: Britain

text: during

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: but

text: between

text: the

text: years

text: and

text: Red

text: crossbills

text: Loxia

text: curvirostra

text: too

text: are

text: irruptive

text: with

text: widespread

text: invasions

text: across

text: England

text: noted

text: in

text: and

question: For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range?

answer: a good breeding season followed by a food source failure

text: a good breeding season followed by a food source failure

question: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain in the nineteeth century?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200?

answer: 18

question: What years did Red crossbills invade England?

answer: 1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791

text: 1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791


text: The Greek islands are traditionally grouped into the following clusters: The Argo-Saronic Islands in the Saronic gulf near Athens, the Cyclades, a large but dense collection occupying the central part of the Aegean Sea, the North Aegean islands, a loose grouping off the west coast of Turkey, the Dodecanese, another loose collection in the southeast between Crete and Turkey, the Sporades, a small tight group off the coast of northeast Euboea, and the Ionian Islands, located to the west of the mainland in the Ionian Sea.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greek

text: islands

text: are

text: traditionally

text: grouped

text: into

text: the

text: following

text: clusters

text: The

text: Argo

text: Saronic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Saronic

text: gulf

text: near

text: Athens

text: the

text: Cyclades

text: a

text: large

text: but

text: dense

text: collection

text: occupying

text: the

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: the

text: North

text: Aegean

text: islands

text: a

text: loose

text: grouping

text: off

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Turkey

text: the

text: Dodecanese

text: another

text: loose

text: collection

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: between

text: Crete

text: and

text: Turkey

text: the

text: Sporades

text: a

text: small

text: tight

text: group

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: northeast

text: Euboea

text: and

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Islands

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: mainland

text: in

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Sea

question: The Saronic gulf is near what city?

answer: Athens

text: Athens

question: The Cyclade islands are located where?

answer: central part of the Aegean Sea

text: central part of the Aegean Sea

question: The North Aegean islands are located where?

answer: west coast of Turkey

text: west coast of Turkey

question: The Dodecanese islands are located where?

answer: between Crete and Turkey

text: between Crete and Turkey

question: The Sporades islands are located where?

answer: off the coast of northeast Euboea

text: off the coast of northeast Euboea


text: In February 2016, over a hundred thousand people signed a petition in just twenty-four hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr. Luke were made by musical artist Kesha. Kesha asked a New York City Supreme Court to free her from her contract with Sony Music but the court denied the request, prompting widespread public and media response.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: February

text: over

text: a

text: hundred

text: thousand

text: people

text: signed

text: a

text: petition

text: in

text: just

text: twenty

text: four

text: hours

text: calling

text: for

text: a

text: boycott

text: of

text: Sony

text: Music

text: and

text: all

text: other

text: Sony

text: affiliated

text: businesses

text: after

text: rape

text: allegations

text: against

text: music

text: producer

text: Dr.

text: Luke

text: were

text: made

text: by

text: musical

text: artist

text: Kesha

text: Kesha

text: asked

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: to

text: free

text: her

text: from

text: her

text: contract

text: with

text: Sony

text: Music

text: but

text: the

text: court

text: denied

text: the

text: request

text: prompting

text: widespread

text: public

text: and

text: media

text: response

question: How many people signed a petition to boycott Sony Music in 2016?

answer: over a hundred thousand

text: over a hundred thousand

question: Over a million people signed a petition in how many hours?

text: twenty-four

question: In February 2006, how many people signed a petition calling for a boycott of Sony Music?

text: over a hundred thousand

question: Rape allegations were made against music producer Kesha against artist?

text: Dr. Luke

question: Kesha asked a California Supreme Court to do what?


text: Kerry said that he had intended the remark as a jab at President Bush, and described the remarks as a "botched joke", having inadvertently left out the key word "us" (which would have been, "If you don't, you get us stuck in Iraq"), as well as leaving the phrase "just ask President Bush" off of the end of the sentence. In Kerry's prepared remarks, which he released during the ensuing media frenzy, the corresponding line was "... you end up getting us stuck in a war in Iraq. Just ask President Bush." He also said that from the context of the speech which, prior to the "stuck in Iraq" line, made several specific references to Bush and elements of his biography, that Kerry was referring to President Bush and not American troops in general.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: said

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: intended

text: the

text: remark

text: as

text: a

text: jab

text: at

text: President

text: Bush

text: and

text: described

text: the

text: remarks

text: as

text: a

text: botched

text: joke

text: having

text: inadvertently

text: left

text: out

text: the

text: key

text: word

text: us

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: If

text: you

text: do

text: n't

text: you

text: get

text: us

text: stuck

text: in

text: Iraq

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: leaving

text: the

text: phrase

text: just

text: ask

text: President

text: Bush

text: off

text: of

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: sentence

text: In

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: prepared

text: remarks

text: which

text: he

text: released

text: during

text: the

text: ensuing

text: media

text: frenzy

text: the

text: corresponding

text: line

text: was

text: you

text: end

text: up

text: getting

text: us

text: stuck

text: in

text: a

text: war

text: in

text: Iraq

text: Just

text: ask

text: President

text: Bush

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: that

text: from

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: speech

text: which

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: stuck

text: in

text: Iraq

text: line

text: made

text: several

text: specific

text: references

text: to

text: Bush

text: and

text: elements

text: of

text: his

text: biography

text: that

text: Kerry

text: was

text: referring

text: to

text: President

text: Bush

text: and

text: not

text: American

text: troops

text: in

text: general

question: What was Kerry supposed to say when he 'botched a joke'?

answer: "... you end up getting us stuck in a war in Iraq. Just ask President Bush."

text: "... you end up getting us stuck in a war in Iraq. Just ask President Bush."

question: Who was Kerry saying was stuck in Iraq?

answer: President Bush and not American troops in general

text: President Bush and not American troops in general

question: What mistake did Kerry make in the joke?

answer: inadvertently left out the key word "us"

text: inadvertently left out the key word "us"


text: During the American occupation of the state, the number of Indian attacks was drastically reduced, but in 1848 the attacks resumed to such a degree that the Mexican officials had no choice but to resume military projects to protect Mexican settlements in the state. Through the next three decades the state faced constant attacks from indigenous on Mexican settlements. After the occupation the people of the state were worried about the potential attack from the hostile indigenous tribes north of the Rio Grande; as a result a decree on July 19, 1848, the state established 18 military colonies along the Rio Grande. The new military colonies were to replace the presidios as population centers to prevent future invasions by indigenous tribes; these policies remained prominent in the state until 1883. Eventually the state replaced the old state security with a state policy to form militias organized with every Mexican in the state capable to serve between the ages of 18 and 55 to fulfill the mandate of having six men defending for every 1000 residents.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: During

text: the

text: American

text: occupation

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Indian

text: attacks

text: was

text: drastically

text: reduced

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: attacks

text: resumed

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: degree

text: that

text: the

text: Mexican

text: officials

text: had

text: no

text: choice

text: but

text: to

text: resume

text: military

text: projects

text: to

text: protect

text: Mexican

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Through

text: the

text: next

text: three

text: decades

text: the

text: state

text: faced

text: constant

text: attacks

text: from

text: indigenous

text: on

text: Mexican

text: settlements

text: After

text: the

text: occupation

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: were

text: worried

text: about

text: the

text: potential

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: hostile

text: indigenous

text: tribes

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: a

text: decree

text: on

text: July

text: the

text: state

text: established

text: military

text: colonies

text: along

text: the

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: The

text: new

text: military

text: colonies

text: were

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: presidios

text: as

text: population

text: centers

text: to

text: prevent

text: future

text: invasions

text: by

text: indigenous

text: tribes

text: these

text: policies

text: remained

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: until

text: Eventually

text: the

text: state

text: replaced

text: the

text: old

text: state

text: security

text: with

text: a

text: state

text: policy

text: to

text: form

text: militias

text: organized

text: with

text: every

text: Mexican

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: capable

text: to

text: serve

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: to

text: fulfill

text: the

text: mandate

text: of

text: having

text: six

text: men

text: defending

text: for

text: every

text: residents

question: What group continuously attacked Mexican settlements?

answer: indigenous tribes

text: indigenous tribes

question: How many military colonies were established by the state?

answer: 18

question: The military colonies replaced what as population centers?

answer: presidios

text: presidios

question: How many men per 1000 residents were mandated to defend?

answer: six men

text: six men


text: There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: There

text: are

text: seven

text: suburbicarian

text: sees

text: Ostia

text: Albano

text: Porto

text: and

text: Santa

text: Rufina

text: Palestrina

text: Sabina

text: and

text: Mentana

text: Frascati

text: and

text: Velletri

text: Velletri

text: was

text: united

text: with

text: Ostia

text: from

text: until

text: when

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: X

text: separated

text: them

text: again

text: but

text: decreed

text: that

text: whatever

text: cardinal

text: bishop

text: became

text: Dean

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: would

text: keep

text: the

text: suburbicarian

text: see

text: he

text: already

text: held

text: adding

text: to

text: it

text: that

text: of

text: Ostia

text: with

text: the

text: result

text: that

text: there

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: only

text: six

text: cardinal

text: bishops

question: How many suburbicarian sees?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: When were the two sees combined?

answer: 1150 until 1914

text: 1150 until 1914

question: Who separated them?

answer: Pope Pius X

text: Pope Pius X

question: What are the seven sees?

answer: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri

text: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri

question: What are the name of the eight suburbicarian sees?

question: Which two sees were united from 1250 to 1944?

text: Velletri was united with Ostia

question: What did Pope Pius II do to Velletri and Ostia in 1914?

text: separated them again

question: How did Pope Pius X maintain only four cardinal bishops?

question: What suburbicarian would the President of the College of Cardinal keep in addition to that Velletri?

text: the suburbicarian see he already held


text: Kouros (male youth) is the modern term given to those representations of standing male youths which first appear in the archaic period in Greece. This type served certain religious needs and was first proposed for what was previously thought to be depictions of Apollo. The first statues are certainly still and formal. The formality of their stance seems to be related with the Egyptian precedent, but it was accepted for a good reason. The sculptors had a clear idea of what a young man is, and embodied the archaic smile of good manners, the firm and springy step, the balance of the body, dignity, and youthful happiness. When they tried to depict the most abiding qualities of men, it was because men had common roots with the unchanging gods. The adoption of a standard recognizable type for a long time, is probably because nature gives preference in survival of a type which has long be adopted by the climatic conditions, and also due to the general Greek belief that nature expresses itself in ideal forms that can be imagined and represented. These forms expressed immortality. Apollo was the immortal god of ideal balance and order. His shrine in Delphi, that he shared in winter with Dionysius had the inscriptions: γνῶθι σεαυτόν (gnōthi seautón="know thyself") and μηδὲν ἄγαν (mēdén ágan, "nothing in excess"), and ἐγγύα πάρα δ'ἄτη (eggýa pára d'atē, "make a pledge and mischief is nigh").

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: Kouros

text: male

text: youth

text: is

text: the

text: modern

text: term

text: given

text: to

text: those

text: representations

text: of

text: standing

text: male

text: youths

text: which

text: first

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: archaic

text: period

text: in

text: Greece

text: This

text: type

text: served

text: certain

text: religious

text: needs

text: and

text: was

text: first

text: proposed

text: for

text: what

text: was

text: previously

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: depictions

text: of

text: Apollo

text: The

text: first

text: statues

text: are

text: certainly

text: still

text: and

text: formal

text: The

text: formality

text: of

text: their

text: stance

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: related

text: with

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: precedent

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: accepted

text: for

text: a

text: good

text: reason

text: The

text: sculptors

text: had

text: a

text: clear

text: idea

text: of

text: what

text: a

text: young

text: man

text: is

text: and

text: embodied

text: the

text: archaic

text: smile

text: of

text: good

text: manners

text: the

text: firm

text: and

text: springy

text: step

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: dignity

text: and

text: youthful

text: happiness

text: When

text: they

text: tried

text: to

text: depict

text: the

text: most

text: abiding

text: qualities

text: of

text: men

text: it

text: was

text: because

text: men

text: had

text: common

text: roots

text: with

text: the

text: unchanging

text: gods

text: The

text: adoption

text: of

text: a

text: standard

text: recognizable

text: type

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: is

text: probably

text: because

text: nature

text: gives

text: preference

text: in

text: survival

text: of

text: a

text: type

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: be

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: climatic

text: conditions

text: and

text: also

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: Greek

text: belief

text: that

text: nature

text: expresses

text: itself

text: in

text: ideal

text: forms

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: imagined

text: and

text: represented

text: These

text: forms

text: expressed

text: immortality

text: Apollo

text: was

text: the

text: immortal

text: god

text: of

text: ideal

text: balance

text: and

text: order

text: His

text: shrine

text: in

text: Delphi

text: that

text: he

text: shared

text: in

text: winter

text: with

text: Dionysius

text: had

text: the

text: inscriptions

text: γνῶθι

text: σεαυτόν

text: gnōthi

text: seautón="know

text: thyself

text: and

text: μηδὲν

text: ἄγαν

text: mēdén

text: ágan

text: nothing

text: in

text: excess

text: and

text: ἐγγύα

text: πάρα

text: δ'ἄτη

text: eggýa

text: pára

text: d'atē

text: make

text: a

text: pledge

text: and

text: mischief

text: is

text: nigh

question: What is the modern term given to those representations of stnding male youths that first appear in the archaic period in Greece?

answer: Kouros

text: Kouros

question: What is another word for male youth?

answer: Kouros

text: Kouros

question: Who was the immortal god of ideal balance?

answer: Apollo

text: Apollo


text: The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: The

text: earliest

text: recorded

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: about

text: BCE

text: when

text: much

text: if

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: modern

text: Tajikistan

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: Some

text: authors

text: have

text: also

text: suggested

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: BCE

text: parts

text: of

text: modern

text: Tajikistan

text: including

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Zeravshan

text: valley

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: Kambojas

text: before

text: it

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: After

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: conquest

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: it

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Greco

text: Bactrian

text: Kingdom

text: a

text: successor

text: state

text: of

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: empire

text: Northern

text: Tajikistan

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Khujand

text: and

text: Panjakent

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Sogdia

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: city

text: states

text: which

text: was

text: overrun

text: by

text: Scythians

text: and

text: Yuezhi

text: nomadic

text: tribes

text: around

text: BCE

text: The

text: Silk

text: Road

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: following

text: the

text: expedition

text: of

text: Chinese

text: explorer

text: Zhang

text: Qian

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Wudi

text: BCE

text: commercial

text: relations

text: between

text: Han

text: China

text: and

text: Sogdiana

text: flourished

text: Sogdians

text: played

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: facilitating

text: trade

text: and

text: also

text: worked

text: in

text: other

text: capacities

text: as

text: farmers

text: carpetweavers

text: glassmakers

text: and

text: woodcarvers

question: What was the first recorded history of this region?

answer: about 500 BCE

text: about 500 BCE

question: What was modern Tajikistan part of around 500 BE?

answer: the Achaemenid Empire

text: the Achaemenid Empire

question: Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire?

answer: Alexander the Great

text: Alexander the Great

question: Very little of modern Tajikistan was part of what empire?

text: the Achaemenid Empire

question: Alexandra the Great ruled over which kingdom?

text: the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

question: Which part of Tajikistan was part of Singdia?

text: Northern

question: The Japanese explorer Zhang Qian used what road to pass through the region?

text: The Silk Road

question: Who played a major role on ending trade?

text: Sogdians


text: In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January. Later that year, the Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: In

text: the

text: Musharraf

text: led

text: government

text: took

text: a

text: firm

text: stand

text: against

text: the

text: jihadi

text: organizations

text: and

text: groups

text: promoting

text: extremism

text: and

text: arrested

text: Maulana

text: Masood

text: Azhar

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Jaish

text: e

text: Mohammed

text: and

text: Hafiz

text: Muhammad

text: Saeed

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Lashkar

text: e

text: Taiba

text: and

text: took

text: dozens

text: of

text: activists

text: into

text: custody

text: An

text: official

text: ban

text: was

text: imposed

text: on

text: the

text: groups

text: on

text: January

text: Later

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: Saudi

text: born

text: Zayn

text: al

text: Abidn

text: Muhammed

text: Hasayn

text: Abu

text: Zubaydah

text: was

text: arrested

text: by

text: Pakistani

text: officials

text: during

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: joint

text: U.S

text: Pakistan

text: raids

text: Zubaydah

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: high

text: ranking

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: official

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: operations

text: chief

text: and

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: running

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: training

text: camps

text: Other

text: prominent

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: members

text: were

text: arrested

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: two

text: years

text: namely

text: Ramzi

text: bin

text: al

text: Shibh

text: who

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: financial

text: backer

text: of

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: operations

text: and

text: Khalid

text: Sheikh

text: Mohammed

text: who

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: capture

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: ranking

text: official

text: in

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: directly

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: planning

text: for

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

question: When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?

answer: 2002

question: What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead?

answer: Jaish-e-Mohammed

text: Jaish-e-Mohammed

question: What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead?

answer: Lashkar-e-Taiba

text: Lashkar-e-Taiba

question: What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah?

answer: Saudi

text: Saudi

question: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?

answer: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

text: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

question: Who led all of the jihadi organizations?

text: Musharraf

question: How many government officials were taken into custody?

text: dozens

question: What was the name of the Pakistani official that performed a number of raids?

question: What is the nationality of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?

text: Saudi

question: What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?

text: third highest-ranking


text: Some in the entertainment industry were critical of the star-making aspect of the show. Usher, a mentor on the show, bemoaning the loss of the "true art form of music", thought that shows like American Idol made it seem "so easy that everyone can do it, and that it can happen overnight", and that "television is a lie". Musician Michael Feinstein, while acknowledging that the show had uncovered promising performers, said that American Idol "isn't really about music. It's about all the bad aspects of the music business – the arrogance of commerce, this sense of 'I know what will make this person a star; artists themselves don't know.' " That American Idol is seen to be a fast track to success for its contestants has been a cause of resentment for some in the industry. LeAnn Rimes, commenting on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards over Faith Hill in 2006, said that "Carrie has not paid her dues long enough to fully deserve that award". It is a common theme that has been echoed by many others. Elton John, who had appeared as a mentor in the show but turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol, commenting on talent shows in general, said that "there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs".

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Some

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: were

text: critical

text: of

text: the

text: star

text: making

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: Usher

text: a

text: mentor

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: bemoaning

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: true

text: art

text: form

text: of

text: music

text: thought

text: that

text: shows

text: like

text: American

text: Idol

text: made

text: it

text: seem

text: so

text: easy

text: that

text: everyone

text: can

text: do

text: it

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: happen

text: overnight

text: and

text: that

text: television

text: is

text: a

text: lie

text: Musician

text: Michael

text: Feinstein

text: while

text: acknowledging

text: that

text: the

text: show

text: had

text: uncovered

text: promising

text: performers

text: said

text: that

text: American

text: Idol

text: is

text: n't

text: really

text: about

text: music

text: It

text: 's

text: about

text: all

text: the

text: bad

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: business

text: the

text: arrogance

text: of

text: commerce

text: this

text: sense

text: of

text: I

text: know

text: what

text: will

text: make

text: this

text: person

text: a

text: star

text: artists

text: themselves

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: That

text: American

text: Idol

text: is

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: fast

text: track

text: to

text: success

text: for

text: its

text: contestants

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: cause

text: of

text: resentment

text: for

text: some

text: in

text: the

text: industry

text: LeAnn

text: Rimes

text: commenting

text: on

text: Carrie

text: Underwood

text: winning

text: Best

text: Female

text: Artist

text: in

text: Country

text: Music

text: Awards

text: over

text: Faith

text: Hill

text: in

text: said

text: that

text: Carrie

text: has

text: not

text: paid

text: her

text: dues

text: long

text: enough

text: to

text: fully

text: deserve

text: that

text: award

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: theme

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: echoed

text: by

text: many

text: others

text: Elton

text: John

text: who

text: had

text: appeared

text: as

text: a

text: mentor

text: in

text: the

text: show

text: but

text: turned

text: down

text: an

text: offer

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: judge

text: on

text: American

text: Idol

text: commenting

text: on

text: talent

text: shows

text: in

text: general

text: said

text: that

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: some

text: good

text: acts

text: but

text: the

text: only

text: way

text: to

text: sustain

text: a

text: career

text: is

text: to

text: pay

text: your

text: dues

text: in

text: small

text: clubs

question: What famous singer declined an offer to be a judge on American Idol after having been a mentor?

answer: Elton John

text: Elton John

question: What year did Carrie Underwood win a Country Music Award for Best Female Artist?

answer: 2006

question: What singer criticized Carrie Underwood for winning a Country Music Award?

answer: LeAnn Rimes

text: LeAnn Rimes

question: Who felt that American Idol helped the true art form of music get lost?

answer: Usher

text: Usher

question: Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006?

answer: Carrie Underwood

text: Carrie Underwood

question: Who did Carrie beat out for the award?

answer: Faith Hill

text: Faith Hill

question: Who said that Carrie had not paid her dues to win that award?

answer: LeAnn Rimes

text: LeAnn Rimes

question: Who was a mentor but later turned down the opportunity to judge Idol?

answer: Elton John

text: Elton John


text: As of 2015 a variety of murals from internationally recognized street artists have appeared throughout the city as a result of the efforts of Art Whino and RVA Magazine with The Richmond Mural Project and the RVA Street Art Festival. Artists who have produced work in the city as a result of these festivals include ROA, Pixel Pancho, Gaia, Aryz, Alexis Diaz, Ever Siempre, Jaz, 2501, Natalia Rak, Pose MSK, Vizie, Jeff Soto, Mark Jenkins, Etam Cru- and local artists Hamilton Glass, Nils Westergard, and El Kamino. Both festivals are expected to continue this year with artists such as Ron English slated to produce work.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: As

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: murals

text: from

text: internationally

text: recognized

text: street

text: artists

text: have

text: appeared

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: Art

text: Whino

text: and

text: RVA

text: Magazine

text: with

text: The

text: Richmond

text: Mural

text: Project

text: and

text: the

text: RVA

text: Street

text: Art

text: Festival

text: Artists

text: who

text: have

text: produced

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: these

text: festivals

text: include

text: ROA

text: Pixel

text: Pancho

text: Gaia

text: Aryz

text: Alexis

text: Diaz

text: Ever

text: Siempre

text: Jaz

text: Natalia

text: Rak

text: Pose

text: MSK

text: Vizie

text: Jeff

text: Soto

text: Mark

text: Jenkins

text: Etam

text: Cru-

text: and

text: local

text: artists

text: Hamilton

text: Glass

text: Nils

text: Westergard

text: and

text: El

text: Kamino

text: Both

text: festivals

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: continue

text: this

text: year

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Ron

text: English

text: slated

text: to

text: produce

text: work

question: Along with Hamilton Glass and El Kamino, who is a mural artist local to Richmond?

answer: Nils Westergard

text: Nils Westergard

question: What periodical has attempted to attract internationally known mural artists to Richmond?

answer: RVA

text: RVA

question: What Richmond street art gathering has brought mural artists to the city?

answer: RVA Street Art Festival

text: RVA Street Art Festival


text: The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: The

text: Pamiri

text: people

text: of

text: Gorno

text: Badakhshan

text: Autonomous

text: Province

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: bordering

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: China

text: though

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Tajik

text: ethnicity

text: nevertheless

text: are

text: distinct

text: linguistically

text: and

text: culturally

text: from

text: most

text: Tajiks

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: mostly

text: Sunni

text: Muslim

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: the

text: Pamiris

text: overwhelmingly

text: follow

text: the

text: Ismaili

text: sect

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: speak

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: including

text: Shughni

text: Rushani

text: Khufi

text: and

text: Wakhi

text: Isolated

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Pamir

text: Mountains

text: they

text: have

text: preserved

text: many

text: ancient

text: cultural

text: traditions

text: and

text: folk

text: arts

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: largely

text: lost

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: country

question: What people live in the southeast area of the country?

answer: The Pamiri people

text: The Pamiri people

question: How are they different than most Tajiks?

answer: distinct linguistically and culturally

text: distinct linguistically and culturally

question: What mountians do the Pamiri people call home?

answer: Pamir Mountains

text: Pamir Mountains

question: What people are not distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks?

question: Who follows the Ismali sect of Ireland?

text: the Pamiris

question: What group has not preserved any cultural traditions?

text: the Pamiris

question: What group speaks a number of Western Iranian languages?

text: the Pamiris


text: In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new city" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: In

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: annexed

text: to

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: German

text: Empire

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Reichsland

text: Elsass

text: Lothringen

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Frankfurt

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: Imperial

text: Germany

text: Strasbourg

text: was

text: rebuilt

text: and

text: developed

text: on

text: a

text: grand

text: and

text: representative

text: scale

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Neue

text: Stadt

text: or

text: new

text: city

text: around

text: the

text: present

text: Place

text: de

text: la

text: République

text: Historian

text: Rodolphe

text: Reuss

text: and

text: Art

text: historian

text: Wilhelm

text: von

text: Bode

text: were

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: rebuilding

text: the

text: municipal

text: archives

text: libraries

text: and

text: museums

text: The

text: University

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: suppressed

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: as

text: a

text: stronghold

text: of

text: German

text: sentiment,[citation

text: needed

text: was

text: reopened

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Kaiser

text: Wilhelms

text: Universität

question: In what year was the city annexed to the German Empire?

answer: 1871

question: What was the Treaty in 1871 called?

answer: Treaty of Frankfurt

text: Treaty of Frankfurt

question: What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?

answer: Rodolphe Reuss

text: Rodolphe Reuss

question: What year was the university founded?

answer: 1567

question: What was the new name of the university when it reopened in 1872?

answer: Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität

text: Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität

question: In what year was Rodolphe Reuss born?

question: What was the name of Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universitat before it was renamed?

text: Place de la République

question: Which nationalatity founded the University?

text: German

question: What nationality was Rodolphe Reuss?

text: German

question: In what year did the war begin?


text: The Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) responded to Berkeley's criticisms of Locke, as well as other differences between early modern philosophers, and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism. Hume argued in keeping with the empiricist view that all knowledge derives from sense experience, but he accepted that this has implications not normally acceptable to philosophers. He wrote for example, "Locke divides all arguments into demonstrative and probable. On this view, we must say that it is only probable that all men must die or that the sun will rise to-morrow, because neither of these can be demonstrated. But to conform our language more to common use, we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations, proofs, and probabilities—by ‘proofs’ meaning arguments from experience that leave no room for doubt or opposition." And,

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: The

text: Scottish

text: philosopher

text: David

text: Hume

text: responded

text: to

text: Berkeley

text: 's

text: criticisms

text: of

text: Locke

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: differences

text: between

text: early

text: modern

text: philosophers

text: and

text: moved

text: empiricism

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: level

text: of

text: skepticism

text: Hume

text: argued

text: in

text: keeping

text: with

text: the

text: empiricist

text: view

text: that

text: all

text: knowledge

text: derives

text: from

text: sense

text: experience

text: but

text: he

text: accepted

text: that

text: this

text: has

text: implications

text: not

text: normally

text: acceptable

text: to

text: philosophers

text: He

text: wrote

text: for

text: example

text: Locke

text: divides

text: all

text: arguments

text: into

text: demonstrative

text: and

text: probable

text: On

text: this

text: view

text: we

text: must

text: say

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: probable

text: that

text: all

text: men

text: must

text: die

text: or

text: that

text: the

text: sun

text: will

text: rise

text: to

text: morrow

text: because

text: neither

text: of

text: these

text: can

text: be

text: demonstrated

text: But

text: to

text: conform

text: our

text: language

text: more

text: to

text: common

text: use

text: we

text: ought

text: to

text: divide

text: arguments

text: into

text: demonstrations

text: proofs

text: and

text: probabilities

text: by

text: proofs’

text: meaning

text: arguments

text: from

text: experience

text: that

text: leave

text: no

text: room

text: for

text: doubt

text: or

text: opposition

text: And

question: What did Hume bring to empiricism?

answer: a new level of skepticism

text: a new level of skepticism

question: What was Hume's nationality?

answer: Scottish

text: Scottish

question: What two types of arguments did Locke say there are?

answer: demonstrative and probable

text: demonstrative and probable

question: When was Hume born?

answer: 1711

question: When did Hume die?

answer: 1776

question: Who argued that skepticism was a form of empiricism?

text: David Hume

question: When did David Hume respond to Berkeley?

question: How many arguments did Berkeley say there were?

text: demonstrative and probable

question: What was Locke's nationality?

text: Scottish

question: Who was Locke's contemporary?

text: Berkeley's


text: Many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles were located in northern Europe, with the most renowned being the universities of Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh. These universities, especially Edinburgh, produced professors whose ideas had a significant impact on Britain's North American colonies and, later, the American Republic. Within the natural sciences, Edinburgh's medical also led the way in chemistry, anatomy and pharmacology. In other parts of Europe, the universities and schools of France and most of Europe were bastions of traditionalism and were not hospitable to the Enlightenment. In France, the major exception was the medical university at Montpellier.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: universities

text: associated

text: with

text: Enlightenment

text: progressive

text: principles

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: northern

text: Europe

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: renowned

text: being

text: the

text: universities

text: of

text: Leiden

text: Göttingen

text: Halle

text: Montpellier

text: Uppsala

text: and

text: Edinburgh

text: These

text: universities

text: especially

text: Edinburgh

text: produced

text: professors

text: whose

text: ideas

text: had

text: a

text: significant

text: impact

text: on

text: Britain

text: 's

text: North

text: American

text: colonies

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: American

text: Republic

text: Within

text: the

text: natural

text: sciences

text: Edinburgh

text: 's

text: medical

text: also

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: chemistry

text: anatomy

text: and

text: pharmacology

text: In

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: universities

text: and

text: schools

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: Europe

text: were

text: bastions

text: of

text: traditionalism

text: and

text: were

text: not

text: hospitable

text: to

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: In

text: France

text: the

text: major

text: exception

text: was

text: the

text: medical

text: university

text: at

text: Montpellier

question: Where were many of the leading universities associated with Enlightenment progressive principles located?

answer: northern Europe

text: northern Europe

question: Which six universities were the most renowned in northern Europe?

answer: Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh

text: Leiden, Göttingen, Halle, Montpellier, Uppsala and Edinburgh

question: Which university, especially, produced professors whose ideas had a significant impact on the colonies?

answer: Edinburgh

text: Edinburgh

question: Which of  France's universities was the exception and was hospitable to the Enlightenment?

answer: the medical university at Montpellier

text: the medical university at Montpellier


text: Israel operates under a parliamentary system as a democratic republic with universal suffrage. A member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority becomes the prime minister—usually this is the chair of the largest party. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet. Israel is governed by a 120-member parliament, known as the Knesset. Membership of the Knesset is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 3.25% electoral threshold, which in practice has resulted in coalition governments.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: operates

text: under

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: system

text: as

text: a

text: democratic

text: republic

text: with

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: A

text: member

text: of

text: parliament

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: majority

text: becomes

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: usually

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: chair

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: party

text: The

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: cabinet

text: Israel

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: parliament

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Knesset

text: Membership

text: of

text: the

text: Knesset

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: proportional

text: representation

text: of

text: political

text: parties

text: with

text: a

text: electoral

text: threshold

text: which

text: in

text: practice

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: coalition

text: governments

question: Israel operates under what kind of system?

answer: parliamentary

text: parliamentary

question: How many members are in the Knesset?

answer: 120

question: Knesset member is based on what?

answer: proportional representation of political parties

text: proportional representation of political parties


text: The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, an immunodeficiency characterized by the suppression of CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: The

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: disease

text: that

text: affects

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: itself

text: is

text: AIDS

text: an

text: immunodeficiency

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: suppression

text: of

text: helper

text: T

text: cells

text: dendritic

text: cells

text: and

text: macrophages

text: by

text: the

text: Human

text: Immunodeficiency

text: Virus

text: HIV

question: What is the most famous immune system disease?

answer: AIDS

text: AIDS

question: What kind of disease is AIDS?

answer: an immunodeficiency

text: an immunodeficiency

question: Which types of cells are suppressed by AIDS?

answer: CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

text: CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

question: What virus specifically suppresses those cells?

answer: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

text: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)


text: TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored temporarily in a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then combines with a lysosome to create a phagolysosome. In the phagolysosome, the cell attempts to use reactive oxygen species and acid to kill the bacterium. However, M. tuberculosis has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances. M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: TB

text: infection

text: begins

text: when

text: the

text: mycobacteria

text: reach

text: the

text: pulmonary

text: alveoli

text: where

text: they

text: invade

text: and

text: replicate

text: within

text: endosomes

text: of

text: alveolar

text: macrophages

text: Macrophages

text: identify

text: the

text: bacterium

text: as

text: foreign

text: and

text: attempt

text: to

text: eliminate

text: it

text: by

text: phagocytosis

text: During

text: this

text: process

text: the

text: bacterium

text: is

text: enveloped

text: by

text: the

text: macrophage

text: and

text: stored

text: temporarily

text: in

text: a

text: membrane

text: bound

text: vesicle

text: called

text: a

text: phagosome

text: The

text: phagosome

text: then

text: combines

text: with

text: a

text: lysosome

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: phagolysosome

text: In

text: the

text: phagolysosome

text: the

text: cell

text: attempts

text: to

text: use

text: reactive

text: oxygen

text: species

text: and

text: acid

text: to

text: kill

text: the

text: bacterium

text: However

text: M.

text: tuberculosis

text: has

text: a

text: thick

text: waxy

text: mycolic

text: acid

text: capsule

text: that

text: protects

text: it

text: from

text: these

text: toxic

text: substances

text: M.

text: tuberculosis

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: reproduce

text: inside

text: the

text: macrophage

text: and

text: will

text: eventually

text: kill

text: the

text: immune

text: cell

question: What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection?

answer: pulmonary alveoli

text: pulmonary alveoli

question: What's the process by which macrophages try to get rid of the TB bacterium?

answer: phagocytosis

text: phagocytosis

question: What do you get when you combine a lysosome and a phagosome?

answer: a phagolysosome

text: a phagolysosome

question: What does the M. tuberculosis bacterium have that protects it from being affected by toxins?

answer: mycolic acid capsule

text: mycolic acid capsule

question: What vesicle is the temporary holding room for the M. tuberculosis bacterium during phagocytosis?

answer: phagosome

text: phagosome

question: What replicates inside the pulmonary alveoli?

text: mycobacteria

question: What begins when the endosomes reach the pulmonary alveoli?

text: TB infection

question: What do the bacterium identify?

text: Macrophages

question: What envelopes the macrophage?

text: bacterium

question: What does the combination of a lysosome and a phagolysosome create?

text: phagosome


text: Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In the 2014–15 season, Barcelona won another historic treble, making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Barcelona

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: club

text: to

text: have

text: played

text: continental

text: football

text: every

text: season

text: since

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: clubs

text: to

text: have

text: never

text: been

text: relegated

text: from

text: La

text: Liga

text: along

text: with

text: Athletic

text: Bilbao

text: and

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: In

text: Barcelona

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: club

text: in

text: Spain

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: treble

text: consisting

text: of

text: La

text: Liga

text: Copa

text: del

text: Rey

text: and

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: it

text: also

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: football

text: club

text: ever

text: to

text: win

text: six

text: out

text: of

text: six

text: competitions

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: year

text: thus

text: completing

text: the

text: sextuple

text: comprising

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: treble

text: and

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Super

text: Cup

text: UEFA

text: Super

text: Cup

text: and

text: FIFA

text: Club

text: World

text: Cup

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: Barcelona

text: won

text: another

text: historic

text: treble

text: making

text: them

text: the

text: first

text: club

text: in

text: European

text: football

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: treble

text: twice

question: When did Barcelona become the first Spanish team to win the treble competitions?

answer: 2009

question: In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time?

answer: single year

text: single year

question: What European football team has won the treble twice?

answer: Barcelona

text: Barcelona

question: During which football season did Barcelona win its second treble?

answer: 2014–15

question: What team has played continental football every season since 1955?

answer: Barcelona

text: Barcelona


text: Beyoncé's lighter skin color and costuming has drawn criticism from some in the African-American community. Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007, that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comments. In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements, responding that "it is categorically untrue", and in 2013, Beyoncé herself criticized H&M for their proposed "retouching" of promotional images of her, and according to Vogue requested that only "natural pictures be used".

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: lighter

text: skin

text: color

text: and

text: costuming

text: has

text: drawn

text: criticism

text: from

text: some

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: community

text: Emmett

text: Price

text: a

text: professor

text: of

text: music

text: at

text: Northeastern

text: University

text: wrote

text: in

text: that

text: he

text: thinks

text: race

text: plays

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: criticisms

text: saying

text: white

text: celebrities

text: who

text: dress

text: similarly

text: do

text: not

text: attract

text: as

text: many

text: comments

text: In

text: L'Oréal

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: whitening

text: her

text: skin

text: in

text: their

text: Feria

text: hair

text: color

text: advertisements

text: responding

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: categorically

text: untrue

text: and

text: in

text: Beyoncé

text: herself

text: criticized

text: H&M

text: for

text: their

text: proposed

text: retouching

text: of

text: promotional

text: images

text: of

text: her

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Vogue

text: requested

text: that

text: only

text: natural

text: pictures

text: be

text: used

question: Which racial community gave criticism to Beyonce?

answer: African-American

text: African-American

question: Which professor from Northeastern University wrote about how race correlates with these criticisms of Beyonce?

answer: Emmett Price

text: Emmett Price

question: Which company was accused of coloring Beyonce's hair?

answer: L'Oréal

text: L'Oréal

question: What did Vogue request?

answer: natural pictures be used

text: natural pictures be used

question: How did L'Oreal respond to accusations of changing pictures?

answer: it is categorically untrue

text: it is categorically untrue

question: In addition to her light skin color, what else has made part of the African American community criticize Beyoncé?

answer: costuming

text: costuming

question: In 2007, which music professor said he believes this criticism does involve race as well?

answer: Emmett Price

text: Emmett Price

question: Who was accused of lightening Beyoncé's skin for an advertisement?

answer: L'Oréal

text: L'Oréal

question: What advertisement was Beyoncé's skin supposedly lightened in?

answer: Feria hair color advertisements

text: Feria hair color advertisements

question: Who did Beyoncé tell in 2013 to only use natural pictures of her rather than retouched images?

answer: H&M

text: H&M


text: Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H, 2H and 3H. Other, highly unstable nuclei (4H to 7H) have been synthesized in the laboratory but not observed in nature.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: has

text: three

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: isotopes

text: denoted

text: and

text: Other

text: highly

text: unstable

text: nuclei

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: synthesized

text: in

text: the

text: laboratory

text: but

text: not

text: observed

text: in

text: nature

question: How many natural isotopes does hydrogen have>

answer: 3H

question: What are the names of these isotopes?

answer: denoted 1H, 2H and 3H

text: denoted 1H, 2H and 3H

question: Which isotopes have unstable nuclei?

answer: 4H to 7H

text: 4H to 7H


text: In the 1950s and the 1960s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in August 1961, the pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria (who, at that time, were French citizens). On 17 October 1961, an unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against the curfew led to violent confrontations between the police and demonstrators, in which at least 40 people were killed, including some thrown into the Seine. The anti-independence Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS), for their part, carried out a series of bombings in Paris throughout 1961 and 1962.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: Paris

text: became

text: one

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Algerian

text: War

text: for

text: independence

text: in

text: August

text: the

text: pro

text: independence

text: FLN

text: targeted

text: and

text: killed

text: Paris

text: policemen

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: imposition

text: of

text: a

text: curfew

text: on

text: Muslims

text: of

text: Algeria

text: who

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: were

text: French

text: citizens

text: On

text: October

text: an

text: unauthorised

text: but

text: peaceful

text: protest

text: demonstration

text: of

text: Algerians

text: against

text: the

text: curfew

text: led

text: to

text: violent

text: confrontations

text: between

text: the

text: police

text: and

text: demonstrators

text: in

text: which

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: including

text: some

text: thrown

text: into

text: the

text: Seine

text: The

text: anti

text: independence

text: Organisation

text: de

text: l'armée

text: secrète

text: OAS

text: for

text: their

text: part

text: carried

text: out

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: bombings

text: in

text: Paris

text: throughout

text: and

question: How many police officers did the pro-independence FLN kill in August of 1961?

answer: 11

question: What was the result of the police officer killing?

answer: curfew on Muslims of Algeria

text: curfew on Muslims of Algeria

question: How many people were killed during the demonstrations against the curfew?

answer: at least 40

text: at least 40

question: Who carried out bombings throughout Paris between 1961 and 1962?

answer: Organisation de l'armée secrète

text: Organisation de l'armée secrète