text: Gorton maintained good relations with the United States and Britain, but pursued closer ties with Asia. The Gorton government experienced a decline in voter support at the 1969 election. State Liberal leaders saw his policies as too Centralist, while other Liberals didn't like his personal behaviour. In 1971, Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser, resigned and said Gorton was "not fit to hold the great office of Prime Minister". In a vote on the leadership the Liberal Party split 50/50, and although this was insufficient to remove him as the leader, Gorton decided this was also insufficient support for him, and he resigned.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: Gorton

text: maintained

text: good

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Britain

text: but

text: pursued

text: closer

text: ties

text: with

text: Asia

text: The

text: Gorton

text: government

text: experienced

text: a

text: decline

text: in

text: voter

text: support

text: at

text: the

text: election

text: State

text: Liberal

text: leaders

text: saw

text: his

text: policies

text: as

text: too

text: Centralist

text: while

text: other

text: Liberals

text: did

text: n't

text: like

text: his

text: personal

text: behaviour

text: In

text: Defence

text: Minister

text: Malcolm

text: Fraser

text: resigned

text: and

text: said

text: Gorton

text: was

text: not

text: fit

text: to

text: hold

text: the

text: great

text: office

text: of

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: In

text: a

text: vote

text: on

text: the

text: leadership

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: split

text: and

text: although

text: this

text: was

text: insufficient

text: to

text: remove

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: Gorton

text: decided

text: this

text: was

text: also

text: insufficient

text: support

text: for

text: him

text: and

text: he

text: resigned

question: Which continent did Gorton wish to pursue closer ties with?

answer: Asia

text: Asia

question: Who commented that Gorton was not fit to be Prime Minister?

answer: Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser

text: Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser

question: Was Gorton impeached, voted out, or did he resign?

answer: he resigned

text: he resigned

question: Which countries did Gorton maintain close relationships with?

answer: United States and Britain

text: United States and Britain

question: Which continent did state Liberal leaders wish to pursue closer ties with?

text: Asia

question: Who commented that Gorton was not fit to have voter support?

text: Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser

question: Which countries did Fraser maintain close relationships with?

text: United States and Britain

question: When did the Fraser government experience a decline in voter support?

question: Who saw Fraser's policies as too Centralist?

text: State Liberal leaders


text: The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: written

text: for

text: non

text: specialist

text: readers

text: and

text: attracted

text: widespread

text: interest

text: upon

text: its

text: publication

text: As

text: Darwin

text: was

text: an

text: eminent

text: scientist

text: his

text: findings

text: were

text: taken

text: seriously

text: and

text: the

text: evidence

text: he

text: presented

text: generated

text: scientific

text: philosophical

text: and

text: religious

text: discussion

text: The

text: debate

text: over

text: the

text: book

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: campaign

text: by

text: T.

text: H.

text: Huxley

text: and

text: his

text: fellow

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: X

text: Club

text: to

text: secularise

text: science

text: by

text: promoting

text: scientific

text: naturalism

text: Within

text: two

text: decades

text: there

text: was

text: widespread

text: scientific

text: agreement

text: that

text: evolution

text: with

text: a

text: branching

text: pattern

text: of

text: common

text: descent

text: had

text: occurred

text: but

text: scientists

text: were

text: slow

text: to

text: give

text: natural

text: selection

text: the

text: significance

text: that

text: Darwin

text: thought

text: appropriate

text: During

text: the

text: eclipse

text: of

text: Darwinism

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: other

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: evolution

text: were

text: given

text: more

text: credit

text: With

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: synthesis

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: adaptation

text: through

text: natural

text: selection

text: became

text: central

text: to

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: theory

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: now

text: become

text: the

text: unifying

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: life

text: sciences

question: What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?

answer: non-specialist readers

text: non-specialist readers

question: Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book?

answer: T. H. Huxley

text: T. H. Huxley

question: What was T.H. Huxley promoting?

answer: scientific naturalism

text: scientific naturalism

question: What was the growing change in opinion about evolution called?

answer: "the eclipse of Darwinism"

text: "the eclipse of Darwinism"

question: When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution?

answer: in the 1930s and 1940s

text: in the 1930s and 1940s


text: The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI:

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Human

text: Development

text: Report

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: calculate

text: an

text: Inequality

text: adjusted

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: IHDI

text: which

text: factors

text: in

text: inequalities

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: basic

text: dimensions

text: of

text: human

text: development

text: income

text: life

text: expectancy

text: and

text: education

text: Below

text: is

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: quartile

text: by

text: IHDI

question: In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?

answer: income, life expectancy, and education

text: income, life expectancy, and education

question: In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions?

text: income, life expectancy, and education


text: The permanent snow cover necessary for glacier formation is affected by factors such as the degree of slope on the land, amount of snowfall and the winds. Glaciers can be found in all latitudes except from 20° to 27° north and south of the equator where the presence of the descending limb of the Hadley circulation lowers precipitation so much that with high insolation snow lines reach above 6,500 m (21,330 ft). Between 19˚N and 19˚S, however, precipitation is higher and the mountains above 5,000 m (16,400 ft) usually have permanent snow.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: The

text: permanent

text: snow

text: cover

text: necessary

text: for

text: glacier

text: formation

text: is

text: affected

text: by

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: slope

text: on

text: the

text: land

text: amount

text: of

text: snowfall

text: and

text: the

text: winds

text: Glaciers

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: all

text: latitudes

text: except

text: from

text: to

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: equator

text: where

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: descending

text: limb

text: of

text: the

text: Hadley

text: circulation

text: lowers

text: precipitation

text: so

text: much

text: that

text: with

text: high

text: insolation

text: snow

text: lines

text: reach

text: above

text: m

text: ft

text: Between

text: and

text: however

text: precipitation

text: is

text: higher

text: and

text: the

text: mountains

text: above

text: m

text: ft

text: usually

text: have

text: permanent

text: snow

question: Do glaciers require permanent snow or only temporary coverage?

answer: permanent snow cover

text: permanent snow cover

question: Between which north latitudes are glaciers not found?

answer: 20° to 27° north

text: 20° to 27° north

question: Between which latitudes to mountains tend to have permanent snow?

answer: 19˚N and 19˚S

text: 19˚N and 19˚S

question: Why do mountains between 19N and 19S tend to have snow?

answer: precipitation is higher

text: precipitation is higher

question: What affects the perminant ice layer needed for glaciers to form?

question: What can be found in every country from 20 degrees to 27 degess north and south of the equator?

text: Glaciers

question: At what lattitudes does the Hadley circulation rais percipitation?

text: 20° to 27° north and south

question: At what latitudes does low percipitation lead to permanent snow?

text: 19˚N and 19˚S,


text: Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages, and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization, and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects, but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: are

text: still

text: populated

text: by

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: some

text: countries

text: have

text: sizable

text: populations

text: especially

text: Belize

text: Bolivia

text: Chile

text: Ecuador

text: Greenland

text: Guatemala

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Peru

text: At

text: least

text: a

text: thousand

text: different

text: indigenous

text: languages

text: are

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Some

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Quechuan

text: languages

text: Aymara

text: Guaraní

text: Mayan

text: languages

text: and

text: Nahuatl

text: count

text: their

text: speakers

text: in

text: millions

text: Many

text: also

text: maintain

text: aspects

text: of

text: indigenous

text: cultural

text: practices

text: to

text: varying

text: degrees

text: including

text: religion

text: social

text: organization

text: and

text: subsistence

text: practices

text: Like

text: most

text: cultures

text: over

text: time

text: cultures

text: specific

text: to

text: many

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: have

text: evolved

text: to

text: incorporate

text: traditional

text: aspects

text: but

text: also

text: cater

text: to

text: modern

text: needs

text: Some

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: still

text: live

text: in

text: relative

text: isolation

text: from

text: Western

text: culture

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: are

text: still

text: counted

text: as

text: uncontacted

text: peoples

question: Where are there still populations of indigenous peoples?

answer: Many parts of the Americas

text: Many parts of the Americas

question: Belize, Chile and Greenland are just some countries with sizable populations of what peoples?

answer: indigenous

text: indigenous

question: How many different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas?

answer: At least a thousand

text: At least a thousand

question: What do many indigenous cultures still practice to different extends to this day?

answer: religion, social organization, and subsistence practices

text: religion, social organization, and subsistence practices

question: What have some indigenous peoples managed to remain in relative isolation from?

answer: Western culture

text: Western culture


text: Artists contributing to this format include mainly soft rock/pop singers such as, Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Artists

text: contributing

text: to

text: this

text: format

text: include

text: mainly

text: soft

text: rock

text: pop

text: singers

text: such

text: as

text: Andy

text: Williams

text: Johnny

text: Mathis

text: Nana

text: Mouskouri

text: Celine

text: Dion

text: Julio

text: Iglesias

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: Barry

text: Manilow

text: Engelbert

text: Humperdinck

text: and

text: Marc

text: Anthony

question: Along with Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony, what notable artist is featured on the soft AC format?

answer: Frank Sinatra

text: Frank Sinatra


text: 15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: starts

text: at

text: FDR

text: Drive

text: and

text: Street

text: starts

text: at

text: a

text: dead

text: end

text: half

text: way

text: between

text: FDR

text: Drive

text: and

text: Avenue

text: C.

text: They

text: are

text: both

text: stopped

text: at

text: Avenue

text: C

text: and

text: continue

text: from

text: First

text: Avenue

text: to

text: West

text: Street

text: stopped

text: again

text: at

text: Union

text: Square

text: and

text: Street

text: also

text: pauses

text: at

text: Stuyvesant

text: Square

question: Where does 15th Street start?

answer: FDR Drive

text: FDR Drive

question: Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C?

answer: 16th Street

text: 16th Street

question: 16th Street pauses at which Square?

answer: Stuyvesant

text: Stuyvesant

question: Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets?

answer: Union Square

text: Union Square


text: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons. Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (the average Premier League team receives £55 million while the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million), critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation. For some clubs who have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League, financial problems, including in some cases administration or even liquidation have followed. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have ensued for several clubs unable to cope with the gap.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: Premier

text: League

text: distributes

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: its

text: television

text: revenue

text: to

text: clubs

text: that

text: are

text: relegated

text: from

text: the

text: league

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: parachute

text: payments

text: Starting

text: with

text: the

text: season

text: these

text: payments

text: are

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: million

text: over

text: four

text: seasons

text: Though

text: designed

text: to

text: help

text: teams

text: adjust

text: to

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: television

text: revenues

text: the

text: average

text: Premier

text: League

text: team

text: receives

text: million

text: while

text: the

text: average

text: Football

text: League

text: Championship

text: club

text: receives

text: million

text: critics

text: maintain

text: that

text: the

text: payments

text: actually

text: widen

text: the

text: gap

text: between

text: teams

text: that

text: have

text: reached

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: have

text: not

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: occurrence

text: of

text: teams

text: bouncing

text: back

text: soon

text: after

text: their

text: relegation

text: For

text: some

text: clubs

text: who

text: have

text: failed

text: to

text: win

text: immediate

text: promotion

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: financial

text: problems

text: including

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: administration

text: or

text: even

text: liquidation

text: have

text: followed

text: Further

text: relegations

text: down

text: the

text: footballing

text: ladder

text: have

text: ensued

text: for

text: several

text: clubs

text: unable

text: to

text: cope

text: with

text: the

text: gap

question: If a team is relegated in the Premier League what type of tv payment do they receive?

answer: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments".

text: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments".

question: What do critics have to say about this payment?

answer: critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,

text: critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,

question: What has happened to some of the clubs who weren't able to get back into the Premier League right away?

answer: financial problems

text: financial problems

question: How much does a Football League club receive on average for their television revenues?

answer: the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million

text: the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million

question: How does this compare an average Premier League team?

answer: the average Premier League team receives £55 million

text: the average Premier League team receives £55 million

question: To which type of team are parachute payments distributed to in the Premier League?

answer: relegated

text: relegated

question: Starting in the 2013-14 season, parachute payments are in excess of what amount of revenue?

answer: £60 million

text: £60 million

question: What is said to widen between clubs who reach the Premier League and those who do not thanks to parachute payments?

answer: the gap

text: the gap

question: What does the Football League Championship club do with a portion of TV revenue?

question: What do supporters say about the parachute payments?

question: To what type of team does the Football League Championship club distribute parachute payments?

question: How much to the "bouncing back" payments exceed?

text: £60 million over four seasons.


text: The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights. The names of knightly genealogiae only came to be associated with heraldic devices later in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The Polish clan name and cry ritualized the ius militare, i.e., the power to command an army; and they had been used some time before 1244 to define knightly status. (Górecki 1992, pp. 183–185).

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: documentation

text: regarding

text: Raciborz

text: and

text: Albert

text: 's

text: tenure

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: surviving

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: clan

text: name

text: and

text: cry

text: defining

text: the

text: honorable

text: status

text: of

text: Polish

text: knights

text: The

text: names

text: of

text: knightly

text: genealogiae

text: only

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: heraldic

text: devices

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: Polish

text: clan

text: name

text: and

text: cry

text: ritualized

text: the

text: ius

text: militare

text: i.e.

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: command

text: an

text: army

text: and

text: they

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: some

text: time

text: before

text: to

text: define

text: knightly

text: status

text: Górecki

text: pp

question: WHat is the earliest surviving use of the clan name of the polish knights?

answer: documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure

text: documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure

question: WHn did the knightly genealogiae associate with heraldic devices?

answer: Middle Ages and in the early modern period

text: Middle Ages and in the early modern period

question: The polish anem and cry ritualized what?

answer: the ius militare,

text: the ius militare,

question: In 1244 the power to command and army had been used to do what?

answer: define knightly status

text: define knightly status


text: In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: In

text: a

text: British

text: expedition

text: to

text: Tibet

text: spurred

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: a

text: fear

text: that

text: Russia

text: was

text: extending

text: its

text: power

text: into

text: Tibet

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: The

text: Great

text: Game

text: invaded

text: the

text: country

text: hoping

text: that

text: negotiations

text: with

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: effective

text: than

text: with

text: Chinese

text: representatives

text: When

text: the

text: British

text: led

text: invasion

text: reached

text: Tibet

text: on

text: December

text: an

text: armed

text: confrontation

text: with

text: the

text: ethnic

text: Tibetans

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: Massacre

text: of

text: Chumik

text: Shenko

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: fatalities

text: amongst

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: forces

text: compared

text: to

text: only

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: side

text: Afterwards

text: in

text: Francis

text: Younghusband

text: imposed

text: a

text: treaty

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lhasa

text: which

text: was

text: subsequently

text: repudiated

text: and

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: a

text: treaty

text: signed

text: between

text: Britain

text: and

text: China

question: When did a British expedition to Tibet invade the country?

answer: 1904

question: With whom were the British hopeing to negotiate?

answer: 13th Dalai Lama

text: 13th Dalai Lama

question: How many Tibetan troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko?

answer: 600

question: How many British troops died at the Massacre of Chumik Shenko?

answer: 12

question: Who imposed the Treaty of Lhasa?

answer: Francis Younghusband

text: Francis Younghusband

question: Who invaded Tibet in 1940?

text: a British expedition

question: Who did the 12th Dalai Lama negotiate with?

text: British

question: What took place on December 13, 1903?

text: the Massacre of Chumik Shenko

question: What resulted in 600 British fatalities?

text: the Massacre of Chumik Shenko

question: What resulted in 12 Tibetan fatalities?

text: the Massacre of Chumik Shenko


text: Season nine premiered on January 12, 2010. The upheaval at the judging panel continued. Ellen DeGeneres joined as a judge to replace Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: nine

text: premiered

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: upheaval

text: at

text: the

text: judging

text: panel

text: continued

text: Ellen

text: DeGeneres

text: joined

text: as

text: a

text: judge

text: to

text: replace

text: Paula

text: Abdul

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: Week

question: What year did season nine of American Idol first air?

answer: 2010

question: Who filled the judges spot vacated by Paula Abdul on season nine of American Idol?

answer: Ellen DeGeneres

text: Ellen DeGeneres

question: At what point during season 9 of American Idol did Ellen Degeneres become a judge?

answer: Hollywood Week

text: Hollywood Week

question: When did season nine premiere?

answer: January 12, 2010

text: January 12, 2010

question: Which original judge left prior to the start of the season?

answer: Paula Abdul

text: Paula Abdul

question: Who replaced Abdul?

answer: Ellen DeGeneres

text: Ellen DeGeneres

question: When did Ellen join the judges' panel?

answer: Hollywood Week

text: Hollywood Week


text: Temporal measurement has occupied scientists and technologists, and was a prime motivation in navigation and astronomy. Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time. Examples include the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum, and the beat of a heart. Currently, the international unit of time, the second, is defined by measuring the electronic transition frequency of caesium atoms (see below). Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value ("time is money") as well as personal value, due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in human life spans.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Temporal

text: measurement

text: has

text: occupied

text: scientists

text: and

text: technologists

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: prime

text: motivation

text: in

text: navigation

text: and

text: astronomy

text: Periodic

text: events

text: and

text: periodic

text: motion

text: have

text: long

text: served

text: as

text: standards

text: for

text: units

text: of

text: time

text: Examples

text: include

text: the

text: apparent

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: across

text: the

text: sky

text: the

text: phases

text: of

text: the

text: moon

text: the

text: swing

text: of

text: a

text: pendulum

text: and

text: the

text: beat

text: of

text: a

text: heart

text: Currently

text: the

text: international

text: unit

text: of

text: time

text: the

text: second

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: measuring

text: the

text: electronic

text: transition

text: frequency

text: of

text: caesium

text: atoms

text: see

text: below

text: Time

text: is

text: also

text: of

text: significant

text: social

text: importance

text: having

text: economic

text: value

text: time

text: is

text: money

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: personal

text: value

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: limited

text: time

text: in

text: each

text: day

text: and

text: in

text: human

text: life

text: spans

question: What has been a prime motivation in astronomy and navigation?

answer: Temporal measurement

text: Temporal measurement

question: Periodic events and periodic motion have served as standards for what?

answer: Periodic events and periodic motion

text: Periodic events and periodic motion

question: What is the current international unit of time?

answer: the second

text: the second

question: The electronic transition frequency of which element defines the second?

answer: caesium atoms

text: caesium atoms

question: Time has personal value due to awareness of it's limited nature in what?

answer: each day and in human life spans

text: each day and in human life spans

question: What groups have been occupied by understanding the life span of humans?

text: scientists and technologists

question: How important is a strong economy considered?

text: significant social importance

question: How do you define the method used for tracking heartbeats?

question: What do caesium atoms affect to make them shorter?

text: human life spans

question: Why do scientists want to study caesium atoms?

text: economic value

question: What has been a prime motivation in units of time?

text: Temporal measurement

question: What have periodic events and transition frequency have served as standards for?

text: units of time

question: What is the current national unit of time?

text: the second

question: Why does time have international value?

question: What is an example of a technologist?


text: On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters, noting that "while the Commission has the discretion to refuse to revoke broadcasting licences, even on application from a licensee, it cannot direct the CBC or any other broadcaster to continue to operate its stations and transmitters." On July 31, 2012, at around 11:59 p.m. in each time zone, the remaining 620 analogue transmitters were shut down, leaving the network with 27 digital television transmitters across the country, and some transmitters operated by some affiliated stations.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: CRTC

text: approved

text: the

text: shut

text: down

text: of

text: CBC

text: 's

text: analogue

text: transmitters

text: noting

text: that

text: while

text: the

text: Commission

text: has

text: the

text: discretion

text: to

text: refuse

text: to

text: revoke

text: broadcasting

text: licences

text: even

text: on

text: application

text: from

text: a

text: licensee

text: it

text: can

text: not

text: direct

text: the

text: CBC

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: broadcaster

text: to

text: continue

text: to

text: operate

text: its

text: stations

text: and

text: transmitters

text: On

text: July

text: at

text: around

text: p.m.

text: in

text: each

text: time

text: zone

text: the

text: remaining

text: analogue

text: transmitters

text: were

text: shut

text: down

text: leaving

text: the

text: network

text: with

text: digital

text: television

text: transmitters

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: some

text: transmitters

text: operated

text: by

text: some

text: affiliated

text: stations

question: On what date did the CTRC approve the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters?

answer: July 17, 2012

text: July 17, 2012

question: On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down?

answer: July 31, 2012

text: July 31, 2012

question: How many analogue transmitters were shut down on July 31, 2012?

answer: 620

question: When did the CRTC order the shutdown of the analogue transmitters?

text: July 17, 2012

question: When did the CRTC shut down the 620 analogue transmitters?

text: July 31, 2012

question: How many transmitters did the CRTC think were appropriate to leave operable?

question: What did the director of the CRTC regret not being able to do?


text: Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development of breasts and more curved and prominent hips in girls) and a strong shift in hormonal balance towards an adult state. This is triggered by the pituitary gland, which secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction to occur. The male and female gonads are subsequently activated, which puts them into a state of rapid growth and development; the triggered gonads now commence the mass production of the necessary chemicals. The testes primarily release testosterone, and the ovaries predominantly dispense estrogen. The production of these hormones increases gradually until sexual maturation is met. Some boys may develop gynecomastia due to an imbalance of sex hormones, tissue responsiveness or obesity.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Puberty

text: occurs

text: through

text: a

text: long

text: process

text: and

text: begins

text: with

text: a

text: surge

text: in

text: hormone

text: production

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: causes

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: physical

text: changes

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: stage

text: of

text: life

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: appearance

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: secondary

text: sex

text: characteristics

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: deeper

text: voice

text: and

text: larger

text: adam

text: 's

text: apple

text: in

text: boys

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: breasts

text: and

text: more

text: curved

text: and

text: prominent

text: hips

text: in

text: girls

text: and

text: a

text: strong

text: shift

text: in

text: hormonal

text: balance

text: towards

text: an

text: adult

text: state

text: This

text: is

text: triggered

text: by

text: the

text: pituitary

text: gland

text: which

text: secretes

text: a

text: surge

text: of

text: hormonal

text: agents

text: into

text: the

text: blood

text: stream

text: initiating

text: a

text: chain

text: reaction

text: to

text: occur

text: The

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: gonads

text: are

text: subsequently

text: activated

text: which

text: puts

text: them

text: into

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: rapid

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: the

text: triggered

text: gonads

text: now

text: commence

text: the

text: mass

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: necessary

text: chemicals

text: The

text: testes

text: primarily

text: release

text: testosterone

text: and

text: the

text: ovaries

text: predominantly

text: dispense

text: estrogen

text: The

text: production

text: of

text: these

text: hormones

text: increases

text: gradually

text: until

text: sexual

text: maturation

text: is

text: met

text: Some

text: boys

text: may

text: develop

text: gynecomastia

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: imbalance

text: of

text: sex

text: hormones

text: tissue

text: responsiveness

text: or

text: obesity

question: A surge in hormone production triggers a number of physical changes during what stage of life?

answer: Puberty

text: Puberty

question: Which gland secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream?

answer: pituitary

text: pituitary

question: Which part of the body releases testosterone in males?

answer: testes

text: testes

question: Which part of the body relesases estrogen in females?

answer: ovaries

text: ovaries

question: An imbalance in sex hormones, tissue responsiveness, or obesity can cause what in boys?

answer: gynecomastia

text: gynecomastia


text: He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics, in the development of functional analysis, a principal member of the Manhattan Project and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (as one of the few originally appointed), and a key figure in the development of game theory and the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital computer. He published 150 papers in his life; 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics. His last work, an unfinished manuscript written while in the hospital, was later published in book form as The Computer and the Brain.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: operator

text: theory

text: to

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: functional

text: analysis

text: a

text: principal

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Manhattan

text: Project

text: and

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Advanced

text: Study

text: in

text: Princeton

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: originally

text: appointed

text: and

text: a

text: key

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: game

text: theory

text: and

text: the

text: concepts

text: of

text: cellular

text: automata

text: the

text: universal

text: constructor

text: and

text: the

text: digital

text: computer

text: He

text: published

text: papers

text: in

text: his

text: life

text: in

text: pure

text: mathematics

text: in

text: physics

text: and

text: in

text: applied

text: mathematics

text: His

text: last

text: work

text: an

text: unfinished

text: manuscript

text: written

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: hospital

text: was

text: later

text: published

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: as

text: The

text: Computer

text: and

text: the

text: Brain

question: How many papers did Von Neumann publish?

answer: 150

question: What is the name of Von Neumann's last work?

answer: The Computer and the Brain

text: The Computer and the Brain

question: What high profile controversial project was Von Neumann a prinipal of?

answer: Manhattan Project

text: Manhattan Project

question: Of his published works, what topics were they covering?

answer: 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics

text: 60 in pure mathematics, 20 in physics, and 60 in applied mathematics


text: Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the growth cone to be attracted or repelled by various cellular elements, and thus to be pulled in a particular direction at each point along its path. The result of this pathfinding process is that the growth cone navigates through the brain until it reaches its destination area, where other chemical cues cause it to begin generating synapses. Considering the entire brain, thousands of genes create products that influence axonal pathfinding.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Once

text: a

text: neuron

text: is

text: in

text: place

text: it

text: extends

text: dendrites

text: and

text: an

text: axon

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: it

text: Axons

text: because

text: they

text: commonly

text: extend

text: a

text: great

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: cell

text: body

text: and

text: need

text: to

text: reach

text: specific

text: targets

text: grow

text: in

text: a

text: particularly

text: complex

text: way

text: The

text: tip

text: of

text: a

text: growing

text: axon

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: blob

text: of

text: protoplasm

text: called

text: a

text: growth

text: cone

text: studded

text: with

text: chemical

text: receptors

text: These

text: receptors

text: sense

text: the

text: local

text: environment

text: causing

text: the

text: growth

text: cone

text: to

text: be

text: attracted

text: or

text: repelled

text: by

text: various

text: cellular

text: elements

text: and

text: thus

text: to

text: be

text: pulled

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: direction

text: at

text: each

text: point

text: along

text: its

text: path

text: The

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: pathfinding

text: process

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: growth

text: cone

text: navigates

text: through

text: the

text: brain

text: until

text: it

text: reaches

text: its

text: destination

text: area

text: where

text: other

text: chemical

text: cues

text: cause

text: it

text: to

text: begin

text: generating

text: synapses

text: Considering

text: the

text: entire

text: brain

text: thousands

text: of

text: genes

text: create

text: products

text: that

text: influence

text: axonal

text: pathfinding

question: A growth cone of an axon is made up of a blob of what?

answer: protoplasm

text: protoplasm

question: What two structures does a neuron extend when it is in place during development?

answer: dendrites and an axon

text: dendrites and an axon


text: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island. Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island. All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance. Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions are not permitted to be treated on the island and patients are flown back to mainland Australia. Air charter transport can cost in the order of A$30,000. For serious emergencies, medical evacuations are provided by the Royal Australian Air Force. The island has one ambulance staffed by St John Ambulance Australia volunteers.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: Hospital

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: medical

text: centre

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: Medicare

text: and

text: the

text: Pharmaceutical

text: Benefits

text: Scheme

text: do

text: not

text: cover

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: All

text: visitors

text: to

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: including

text: Australians

text: are

text: recommended

text: to

text: purchase

text: travel

text: insurance

text: Although

text: the

text: hospital

text: can

text: perform

text: minor

text: surgery

text: serious

text: medical

text: conditions

text: are

text: not

text: permitted

text: to

text: be

text: treated

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: patients

text: are

text: flown

text: back

text: to

text: mainland

text: Australia

text: Air

text: charter

text: transport

text: can

text: cost

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: A$

text: For

text: serious

text: emergencies

text: medical

text: evacuations

text: are

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Australian

text: Air

text: Force

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: one

text: ambulance

text: staffed

text: by

text: St

text: John

text: Ambulance

text: Australia

text: volunteers

question: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island?

answer: Norfolk Island Hospital

text: Norfolk Island Hospital

question: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to purchase?

answer: travel insurance

text: travel insurance

question: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment flown to?

answer: mainland Australia

text: mainland Australia

question: Who handles serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island?

answer: the Royal Australian Air Force

text: the Royal Australian Air Force

question: Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island?

answer: St John Ambulance Australia volunteers

text: St John Ambulance Australia volunteers

question: What is one of many medical centers on Norfolk Island?

text: Norfolk Island Hospital

question: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to sell?

text: travel insurance

question: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment imprisoned?

text: mainland Australia

question: Who handles non-serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island?

text: the Royal Australian Air Force

question: Who broke the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island?

text: St John Ambulance Australia volunteers


text: Spielberg then revisited his Close Encounters project and, with financial backing from Columbia Pictures, released Close Encounters: The Special Edition in 1980. For this, Spielberg fixed some of the flaws he thought impeded the original 1977 version of the film and also, at the behest of Columbia, and as a condition of Spielberg revising the film, shot additional footage showing the audience the interior of the mothership seen at the end of the film (a decision Spielberg would later regret as he felt the interior of the mothership should have remained a mystery). Nevertheless, the re-release was a moderate success, while the 2001 DVD release of the film restored the original ending.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: then

text: revisited

text: his

text: Close

text: Encounters

text: project

text: and

text: with

text: financial

text: backing

text: from

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: released

text: Close

text: Encounters

text: The

text: Special

text: Edition

text: in

text: For

text: this

text: Spielberg

text: fixed

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: flaws

text: he

text: thought

text: impeded

text: the

text: original

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: and

text: also

text: at

text: the

text: behest

text: of

text: Columbia

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: condition

text: of

text: Spielberg

text: revising

text: the

text: film

text: shot

text: additional

text: footage

text: showing

text: the

text: audience

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: mothership

text: seen

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: a

text: decision

text: Spielberg

text: would

text: later

text: regret

text: as

text: he

text: felt

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: mothership

text: should

text: have

text: remained

text: a

text: mystery

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: re

text: release

text: was

text: a

text: moderate

text: success

text: while

text: the

text: DVD

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: restored

text: the

text: original

text: ending

question: When did Spielberg re-release Close Encounters?

answer: 1980

question: What new footage did Columbia require for a Close Encounters revisit?

answer: the interior of the mothership

text: the interior of the mothership

question: What was the Close Encounters revisit called?

answer: Close Encounters: The Special Edition

text: Close Encounters: The Special Edition

question: Which studio funded Close Encounters?

answer: Columbia Pictures

text: Columbia Pictures

question: When did a Close Encounters DVD come out?

answer: 2001

question: What was one of the flaws Spielberg saw in the original Close Encounters?

text: the interior of the mothership

question: Did the special edition or DVD release make more money?

text: DVD release

question: Which studio released the 1977 version of Close Encounters?

text: Columbia

question: What studio released the 2001 DVD version of Close Encounters?

text: Columbia

question: In what year did Spielberg say he regretted showing the motherships interior in the 1980 version of Close Encounters?


text: Neptune is similar in composition to Uranus, and both have compositions that differ from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but contains a higher proportion of "ices" such as water, ammonia, and methane. However, its interior, like that of Uranus, is primarily composed of ices and rock, and hence Uranus and Neptune are normally considered "ice giants" to emphasise this distinction. Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet's blue appearance.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Neptune

text: is

text: similar

text: in

text: composition

text: to

text: Uranus

text: and

text: both

text: have

text: compositions

text: that

text: differ

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: gas

text: giants

text: Jupiter

text: and

text: Saturn

text: Like

text: Jupiter

text: and

text: Saturn

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: is

text: composed

text: primarily

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: helium

text: along

text: with

text: traces

text: of

text: hydrocarbons

text: and

text: possibly

text: nitrogen

text: but

text: contains

text: a

text: higher

text: proportion

text: of

text: ices

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: ammonia

text: and

text: methane

text: However

text: its

text: interior

text: like

text: that

text: of

text: Uranus

text: is

text: primarily

text: composed

text: of

text: ices

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: hence

text: Uranus

text: and

text: Neptune

text: are

text: normally

text: considered

text: ice

text: giants

text: to

text: emphasise

text: this

text: distinction

text: Traces

text: of

text: methane

text: in

text: the

text: outermost

text: regions

text: in

text: part

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: blue

text: appearance

question: Which planet is compositionally similar to Neptune?

answer: Uranus

text: Uranus

question: What is Neptune's atmosphere primarily composed of?

answer: hydrogen and helium

text: hydrogen and helium

question: What is the interior of Neptune composed of?

answer: ices and rock

text: ices and rock

question: What makes Neptune blue?

answer: methane

text: methane

question: What "ices" makes up Neptune?

answer: water, ammonia, and methane

text: water, ammonia, and methane

question: What other 2 gas Giants is Neptune similar to?

text: Jupiter and Saturn

question: What gas besides oxygen makes up the atmosphere of Neptune?

text: hydrogen and helium

question: what color does helium make neptune?

text: blue

question: Which planet is compositionally different than Neptune?

text: Uranus

question: What is Neptune's atmosphere never composed of?

text: hydrogen and helium

question: What is the exterior of Neptune composed of?

text: ices and rock

question: What makes Neptune red?

text: methane

question: What "rain" makes up Neptune?

text: water, ammonia, and methane


text: Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal world (Śakti) is real, and it exists and has its being in Consciousness (Chit). Whereas, Advaita holds that Brahman is inactive (niṣkriya) and the phenomenal world is an illusion (māyā). The objective of human life, according to Kashmir Shaivism, is to merge in Shiva or Universal Consciousness, or to realize one's already existing identity with Shiva, by means of wisdom, yoga and grace.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Even

text: though

text: both

text: Kashmir

text: Shaivism

text: and

text: Advaita

text: Vedanta

text: are

text: non

text: dual

text: philosophies

text: which

text: give

text: primacy

text: to

text: Universal

text: Consciousness

text: Chit

text: or

text: Brahman

text: in

text: Kashmir

text: Shavisim

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Advaita

text: all

text: things

text: are

text: a

text: manifestation

text: of

text: this

text: Consciousness

text: This

text: implies

text: that

text: from

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: of

text: Kashmir

text: Shavisim

text: the

text: phenomenal

text: world

text: Śakti

text: is

text: real

text: and

text: it

text: exists

text: and

text: has

text: its

text: being

text: in

text: Consciousness

text: Chit

text: Whereas

text: Advaita

text: holds

text: that

text: Brahman

text: is

text: inactive

text: niṣkriya

text: and

text: the

text: phenomenal

text: world

text: is

text: an

text: illusion

text: māyā

text: The

text: objective

text: of

text: human

text: life

text: according

text: to

text: Kashmir

text: Shaivism

text: is

text: to

text: merge

text: in

text: Shiva

text: or

text: Universal

text: Consciousness

text: or

text: to

text: realize

text: one

text: 's

text: already

text: existing

text: identity

text: with

text: Shiva

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: wisdom

text: yoga

text: and

text: grace

question: What type of philosophy does both Kasmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta share?

answer: non-dual

text: non-dual

question: What aspect do non-dual philosophies give to the highest order of worship?

answer: Universal Consciousness

text: Universal Consciousness

question: As what does Kashmir Shaivism view the conscious world?

answer: real

text: real

question: Which group sees the world as illusion?

answer: Advaita

text: Advaita

question: According to Kashmir Shaivism, what is the goal in belief?

answer: merge in Shiva

text: merge in Shiva

question: What are dual philosophies?

text: Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta

question: What is the opposite of Shiva?

text: Universal Consciousness

question: What are the means of understanding maya according to Kashmir Shaivism?

text: wisdom, yoga and grace

question: Advaita says all things are a manifestation of what?

text: Consciousness

question: What do believers of Advaita believe is the point of human life?


text: Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Bern

text: is

text: built

text: on

text: very

text: uneven

text: ground

text: There

text: is

text: an

text: elevation

text: difference

text: of

text: several

text: metres

text: between

text: the

text: inner

text: city

text: districts

text: on

text: the

text: Aare

text: Matte

text: Marzili

text: and

text: the

text: higher

text: ones

text: Kirchenfeld

text: Länggasse

question: What type of ground was Bern built on?

answer: uneven ground.

text: uneven ground.

question: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?

answer: several metres

text: several metres

question: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?

answer: Länggasse

text: Länggasse


text: In addition, intermediaries are now also generally understood to include Internet portals, software and games providers, those providing virtual information such as interactive forums and comment facilities with or without a moderation system, aggregators of various kinds, such as news aggregators, universities, libraries and archives, web search engines, chat rooms, web blogs, mailing lists, and any website which provides access to third party content through, for example, hyperlinks, a crucial element of the World Wide Web.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: addition

text: intermediaries

text: are

text: now

text: also

text: generally

text: understood

text: to

text: include

text: Internet

text: portals

text: software

text: and

text: games

text: providers

text: those

text: providing

text: virtual

text: information

text: such

text: as

text: interactive

text: forums

text: and

text: comment

text: facilities

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: a

text: moderation

text: system

text: aggregators

text: of

text: various

text: kinds

text: such

text: as

text: news

text: aggregators

text: universities

text: libraries

text: and

text: archives

text: web

text: search

text: engines

text: chat

text: rooms

text: web

text: blogs

text: mailing

text: lists

text: and

text: any

text: website

text: which

text: provides

text: access

text: to

text: third

text: party

text: content

text: through

text: for

text: example

text: hyperlinks

text: a

text: crucial

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

question: What includes Internet portals, software and games?

answer: intermediaries

text: intermediaries

question: What examples provide virtual information?

answer: interactive forums and comment facilities

text: interactive forums and comment facilities

question: News, universities and libraries and archives are examples of what?

answer: aggregators

text: aggregators

question: What is an important element of the World Wide Web?

answer: hyperlinks

text: hyperlinks

question: What excludes Internet portals, software and games?

text: intermediaries

question: What includes Internet portals, hardware and games?

text: intermediaries

question: What examples provide actual information?

question: News, universities and libraries and archives aren't examples of what?

text: aggregators

question: What is an unimportant element of the World Wide Web?

text: hyperlinks


text: West's fifth album, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, has been noted by writers for its maximalist aesthetic and its incorporation of elements from West's previous four albums. Entertainment Weekly's Simon Vozick-Levinson perceives that such elements "all recur at various points", namely "the luxurious soul of 2004's The College Dropout, the symphonic pomp of Late Registration, the gloss of 2007's Graduation, and the emotionally exhausted electro of 2008's 808s & Heartbreak". Sean Fennessey of The Village Voice writes that West "absorb[ed] the gifts of his handpicked collaborators, and occasionally elevat[ed] them" on previous studio albums, noting collaborators and elements as Jon Brion for Late Registration, DJ Toomp for Graduation, and Kid Cudi for 808s & Heartbreak.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: 's

text: fifth

text: album

text: My

text: Beautiful

text: Dark

text: Twisted

text: Fantasy

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: by

text: writers

text: for

text: its

text: maximalist

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: its

text: incorporation

text: of

text: elements

text: from

text: West

text: 's

text: previous

text: four

text: albums

text: Entertainment

text: Weekly

text: 's

text: Simon

text: Vozick

text: Levinson

text: perceives

text: that

text: such

text: elements

text: all

text: recur

text: at

text: various

text: points

text: namely

text: the

text: luxurious

text: soul

text: of

text: 's

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: the

text: symphonic

text: pomp

text: of

text: Late

text: Registration

text: the

text: gloss

text: of

text: 's

text: Graduation

text: and

text: the

text: emotionally

text: exhausted

text: electro

text: of

text: 's

text: Heartbreak

text: Sean

text: Fennessey

text: of

text: The

text: Village

text: Voice

text: writes

text: that

text: West

text: absorb[ed

text: the

text: gifts

text: of

text: his

text: handpicked

text: collaborators

text: and

text: occasionally

text: elevat[ed

text: them

text: on

text: previous

text: studio

text: albums

text: noting

text: collaborators

text: and

text: elements

text: as

text: Jon

text: Brion

text: for

text: Late

text: Registration

text: DJ

text: Toomp

text: for

text: Graduation

text: and

text: Kid

text: Cudi

text: for

text: Heartbreak

question: What is Kanye's fifth album titled?

answer: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

text: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

question: What journalist drew comparisons between My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and other Kanye albums?

answer: Simon Vozick-Levinson

text: Simon Vozick-Levinson

question: What musician collaborated with Kanye West for his album Late Registration?

answer: Jon Brion

text: Jon Brion

question: What artist worked with Kanye on his album Graduation?

answer: DJ Toomp

text: DJ Toomp

question: Kid Cudi joined Kanye for which album?

answer: 808s & Heartbreak

text: 808s & Heartbreak

question: Which album by Kanye West has been talked about by writers for having maximalist aesthetic?

answer: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

text: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy


text: On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: December

text: following

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: republic

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: which

text: it

text: remains

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: This

text: name

text: and

text: Russia

text: were

text: specified

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: state

text: names

text: in

text: the

text: April

text: amendment

text: to

text: the

text: existing

text: constitution

text: and

text: were

text: retained

text: as

text: such

text: in

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Russia

question: When did the Soviet Union break up?

answer: December 25, 1991

text: December 25, 1991

question: Which name did Russia take after the fall of the Soviet Union?

answer: the Russian Federation

text: the Russian Federation

question: What is the current official name of Russia?

answer: the Russian Federation

text: the Russian Federation

question: When was the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?

answer: April 21, 1992

text: April 21, 1992

question: When was Russia renamed the Russian Federation?

answer: December 25, 1991

text: December 25, 1991

question: What event led to Russia being renamed the Russian Federation?

answer: the collapse of the Soviet Union

text: the collapse of the Soviet Union

question: When was Russia made an official state name of the Russian Federation?

answer: April 21, 1992

text: April 21, 1992

question: What 1993 document confirmed Russia as an official state name of the Russian Federation?

answer: 1993 Constitution of Russia

text: 1993 Constitution of Russia

question: When did the Soviet Empire break up?

text: December 25, 1991

question: Which name did Russia take after the rise of the Soviet Union?

text: Russian Federation

question: What is the current unofficial name of Russia?

text: Russian Federation

question: When wasn't the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?

text: April 21, 1992

question: What event led to the Russian Federation being renamed Russia?

text: the collapse of the Soviet Union


text: In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain .su. The websites of former Soviet Union nations also use high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. However, Russian is the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German and Japanese.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: In

text: March

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: Russian

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: used

text: language

text: on

text: the

text: Internet

text: after

text: English

text: People

text: use

text: the

text: Russian

text: language

text: on

text: of

text: all

text: websites

text: slightly

text: ahead

text: of

text: German

text: and

text: far

text: behind

text: English

text: Russian

text: is

text: used

text: not

text: only

text: on

text: of

text: .ru

text: sites

text: but

text: also

text: on

text: of

text: sites

text: with

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: domain

text: .su

text: The

text: websites

text: of

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: nations

text: also

text: use

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: Russian

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: in

text: Belarus

text: in

text: Kazakhstan

text: in

text: Uzbekistan

text: in

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: However

text: Russian

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: used

text: language

text: on

text: the

text: top

text: sites

text: behind

text: English

text: Chinese

text: French

text: German

text: and

text: Japanese

question: What is the second-most-popular language online as of 2013?

answer: Russian

text: Russian

question: What percent of all websites are in English?

answer: 54.7%

question: What percent of all websites are in Russian?

answer: 5.9%

question: What percent of all .ru websites are in Russian?

answer: 89.8%

question: What percent of Ukraine's websites are in Russian?

answer: 79.0%

question: What is Japanese on the internet after English?

text: the second-most used language

question: What percentage of sites with the .su domain use English?

question: How many websites in Ukraine use English?

question: What percentage of websites in Tajikistan use English?

question: In March 2013 how many people used Japanese on all websites?


text: The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange, gave a criterion for the solvability of a particular polynomial equation in terms of the symmetry group of its roots (solutions). The elements of such a Galois group correspond to certain permutations of the roots. At first, Galois' ideas were rejected by his contemporaries, and published only posthumously. More general permutation groups were investigated in particular by Augustin Louis Cauchy. Arthur Cayley's On the theory of groups, as depending on the symbolic equation θn = 1 (1854) gives the first abstract definition of a finite group.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: The

text: modern

text: concept

text: of

text: an

text: abstract

text: group

text: developed

text: out

text: of

text: several

text: fields

text: of

text: mathematics

text: The

text: original

text: motivation

text: for

text: group

text: theory

text: was

text: the

text: quest

text: for

text: solutions

text: of

text: polynomial

text: equations

text: of

text: degree

text: higher

text: than

text: The

text: century

text: French

text: mathematician

text: Évariste

text: Galois

text: extending

text: prior

text: work

text: of

text: Paolo

text: Ruffini

text: and

text: Joseph

text: Louis

text: Lagrange

text: gave

text: a

text: criterion

text: for

text: the

text: solvability

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: polynomial

text: equation

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: symmetry

text: group

text: of

text: its

text: roots

text: solutions

text: The

text: elements

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: Galois

text: group

text: correspond

text: to

text: certain

text: permutations

text: of

text: the

text: roots

text: At

text: first

text: Galois

text: ideas

text: were

text: rejected

text: by

text: his

text: contemporaries

text: and

text: published

text: only

text: posthumously

text: More

text: general

text: permutation

text: groups

text: were

text: investigated

text: in

text: particular

text: by

text: Augustin

text: Louis

text: Cauchy

text: Arthur

text: Cayley

text: 's

text: On

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: groups

text: as

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: symbolic

text: equation

text: θn

text: gives

text: the

text: first

text: abstract

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: finite

text: group

question: What modern concept was created from many fields of mathematics?

answer: abstract group

text: abstract group

question: The journey for answers to polynomial equations of degree higher than 4 was the original motivation for what theory?

answer: group theory

text: group theory

question: Which French mathematician expanded on earlier work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange?

answer: Évariste Galois

text: Évariste Galois

question: Who developed a theory giving the first abstract definition of a finite group?

answer: Arthur Cayley

text: Arthur Cayley

question: People were looking for polynomial equations under what number?

question: Whose work did Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange base their work on?

text: Évariste Galois

question: What was Augustin Louis Cauchy's nationality?

text: French

question: When did Arthur Cayley publish On the theory of groups?

text: The 19th-century

question: What equation did Galois create that created an abstract definition?

text: θn = 1 (1854)


text: The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states – including the Maratha Empire – which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed. This period marked vast social change in the subcontinent as the Hindu majority were ruled over by the Mughal emperors, most of whom showed religious tolerance, liberally patronising Hindu culture. The famous emperor Akbar, who was the grandson of Babar, tried to establish a good relationship with the Hindus. However, later emperors such as Aurangazeb tried to establish complete Muslim dominance, and as a result several historical temples were destroyed during this period and taxes imposed on non-Muslims. Akbar declared "Amari" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jainism. He rolled back the jizya tax for non-Muslims. The Mughal emperors married local royalty, allied themselves with local maharajas, and attempted to fuse their Turko-Persian culture with ancient Indian styles, creating a unique Indo-Saracenic architecture. It was the erosion of this tradition coupled with increased brutality and centralization that played a large part in the dynasty's downfall after Aurangzeb, who unlike previous emperors, imposed relatively non-pluralistic policies on the general population, which often inflamed the majority Hindu population.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Mughals

text: were

text: perhaps

text: the

text: richest

text: single

text: dynasty

text: to

text: have

text: ever

text: existed

text: During

text: the

text: Mughal

text: era

text: the

text: dominant

text: political

text: forces

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: the

text: rising

text: successor

text: states

text: including

text: the

text: Maratha

text: Empire

text: which

text: fought

text: an

text: increasingly

text: weak

text: Mughal

text: dynasty

text: The

text: Mughals

text: while

text: often

text: employing

text: brutal

text: tactics

text: to

text: subjugate

text: their

text: empire

text: had

text: a

text: policy

text: of

text: integration

text: with

text: Indian

text: culture

text: which

text: is

text: what

text: made

text: them

text: successful

text: where

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: Sultanates

text: of

text: Delhi

text: had

text: failed

text: This

text: period

text: marked

text: vast

text: social

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: as

text: the

text: Hindu

text: majority

text: were

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: the

text: Mughal

text: emperors

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: showed

text: religious

text: tolerance

text: liberally

text: patronising

text: Hindu

text: culture

text: The

text: famous

text: emperor

text: Akbar

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: Babar

text: tried

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: good

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Hindus

text: However

text: later

text: emperors

text: such

text: as

text: Aurangazeb

text: tried

text: to

text: establish

text: complete

text: Muslim

text: dominance

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: several

text: historical

text: temples

text: were

text: destroyed

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: taxes

text: imposed

text: on

text: non

text: Muslims

text: Akbar

text: declared

text: Amari

text: or

text: non

text: killing

text: of

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: holy

text: days

text: of

text: Jainism

text: He

text: rolled

text: back

text: the

text: jizya

text: tax

text: for

text: non

text: Muslims

text: The

text: Mughal

text: emperors

text: married

text: local

text: royalty

text: allied

text: themselves

text: with

text: local

text: maharajas

text: and

text: attempted

text: to

text: fuse

text: their

text: Turko

text: Persian

text: culture

text: with

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: styles

text: creating

text: a

text: unique

text: Indo

text: Saracenic

text: architecture

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: erosion

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: coupled

text: with

text: increased

text: brutality

text: and

text: centralization

text: that

text: played

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: downfall

text: after

text: Aurangzeb

text: who

text: unlike

text: previous

text: emperors

text: imposed

text: relatively

text: non

text: pluralistic

text: policies

text: on

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: which

text: often

text: inflamed

text: the

text: majority

text: Hindu

text: population

question: What was the richest of all the dynasties?

answer: The Mughals

text: The Mughals

question: What policy made the Mughals a successful dynasty?

answer: integration with Indian culture

text: integration with Indian culture

question: Which Mughal ruler tried to form a good relationship with non-Muslims?

answer: emperor Akbar

text: emperor Akbar

question: Which Mughal ruler tried to establish complete dominance over the Hindu populace?

answer: Aurangazeb

text: Aurangazeb

question: With what styles did Mughal Rulers merge their Tuko-Persian culture?

answer: ancient Indian

text: ancient Indian


text: When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, and from 1637–1640 he not only defeated the Gelugpas' enemies in the Amdo and Kham regions, but also resettled his entire tribe into Amdo. Sonam Chöpel urged Güshi Khan to assault the Ü-Tsang king's homebase of Shigatse, which Güshi Khan agreed upon, enlisting the aid of Gelug monks and supporters. In 1642, after a year's siege of Shigatse, the Ü-Tsang forces surrendered. Güshi Khan then captured and summarily executed Karma Tenkyong, the ruler of Ü-Tsang, King of Tibet.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: When

text: an

text: ally

text: of

text: the

text: Ü

text: Tsang

text: ruler

text: threatened

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: Gelugpas

text: again

text: the

text: fifth

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: Lozang

text: Gyatso

text: pleaded

text: for

text: help

text: from

text: the

text: Mongol

text: prince

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Khoshut

text: Qoshot

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Oirat

text: Mongols

text: who

text: was

text: then

text: on

text: a

text: pilgrimage

text: to

text: Lhasa

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: accepted

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: protector

text: and

text: from

text: he

text: not

text: only

text: defeated

text: the

text: Gelugpas

text: enemies

text: in

text: the

text: Amdo

text: and

text: Kham

text: regions

text: but

text: also

text: resettled

text: his

text: entire

text: tribe

text: into

text: Amdo

text: Sonam

text: Chöpel

text: urged

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: to

text: assault

text: the

text: Ü

text: Tsang

text: king

text: 's

text: homebase

text: of

text: Shigatse

text: which

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: agreed

text: upon

text: enlisting

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: Gelug

text: monks

text: and

text: supporters

text: In

text: after

text: a

text: year

text: 's

text: siege

text: of

text: Shigatse

text: the

text: Ü

text: Tsang

text: forces

text: surrendered

text: Güshi

text: Khan

text: then

text: captured

text: and

text: summarily

text: executed

text: Karma

text: Tenkyong

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: Ü

text: Tsang

text: King

text: of

text: Tibet

question: Who did the 5th Dalai Lama beg for help from?

answer: the Mongol prince Güshi Khan

text: the Mongol prince Güshi Khan

question: What role did Güshi Khan take on?

answer: protector

text: protector

question: Which enemies did Güshi Khan defeat?

answer: the Gelugpas

text: the Gelugpas

question: Where did Güshi Khan resettle his tribe?

answer: Amdo

text: Amdo

question: When did the  Ü-Tsang forces surrender?

answer: 1642


text: At these higher altitudes, the plants tend to form isolated cushions. In the Alps, several species of flowering plants have been recorded above 4,000 m (13,120 ft), including Ranunculus glacialis, Androsace alpina and Saxifraga biflora. The Eritrichium nanum, commonly known as the King of the Alps, is the most elusive of the alpine flowers, growing on rocky ridges at 2,600 to 3,750 m (8,530 to 12,303 ft). Perhaps the best known of the alpine plants is the Edelweiss which grows in rocky areas and can be found at altitudes as low as 1,400 m (4,593 ft) and as high as 3,400 m (11,155 ft). The plants that grow at the highest altitudes have adapted to conditions by specialization such as growing in rock screes that give protection from winds.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: At

text: these

text: higher

text: altitudes

text: the

text: plants

text: tend

text: to

text: form

text: isolated

text: cushions

text: In

text: the

text: Alps

text: several

text: species

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: have

text: been

text: recorded

text: above

text: m

text: ft

text: including

text: Ranunculus

text: glacialis

text: Androsace

text: alpina

text: and

text: Saxifraga

text: biflora

text: The

text: Eritrichium

text: nanum

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: elusive

text: of

text: the

text: alpine

text: flowers

text: growing

text: on

text: rocky

text: ridges

text: at

text: to

text: m

text: to

text: ft

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: of

text: the

text: alpine

text: plants

text: is

text: the

text: Edelweiss

text: which

text: grows

text: in

text: rocky

text: areas

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: at

text: altitudes

text: as

text: low

text: as

text: m

text: ft

text: and

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: m

text: ft

text: The

text: plants

text: that

text: grow

text: at

text: the

text: highest

text: altitudes

text: have

text: adapted

text: to

text: conditions

text: by

text: specialization

text: such

text: as

text: growing

text: in

text: rock

text: screes

text: that

text: give

text: protection

text: from

text: winds

question: What do the plants tend to form at higher altitudes?

answer: isolated cushions

text: isolated cushions

question: Ranunculus glacialis have been recorded to have been found how far in the alps?

answer: above 4,000 m

text: above 4,000 m

question: What is Eritrichium nanum commonly known as?

answer: the King of the Alps

text: the King of the Alps

question: What is the best known of the alpine plants?

answer: Edelweiss

text: Edelweiss


text: During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31 October 1870 and 22 January 1871. On 18 March 1871, when the regular army tried to remove cannons from an artillery park on Montmartre, National Guard units resisted and killed two army generals. The national government and regular army forces retreated to Versailles and a revolutionary government was proclaimed in Paris. A Commune was elected, which was dominated by socialists, anarchists and revolutionaries. The red flag replaced the French tricolour and a civil war began between the Commune and the regular army, which attacked and recaptured Paris from 21–28 May in La Semaine Sanglante (Bloody week).

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: During

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: Paris

text: National

text: Guard

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: working

text: class

text: neighbourhoods

text: of

text: Paris

text: had

text: become

text: highly

text: politicised

text: and

text: units

text: elected

text: officers

text: many

text: refused

text: to

text: wear

text: uniforms

text: or

text: obey

text: commands

text: from

text: the

text: national

text: government

text: National

text: guard

text: units

text: tried

text: to

text: seize

text: power

text: in

text: Paris

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: January

text: On

text: March

text: when

text: the

text: regular

text: army

text: tried

text: to

text: remove

text: cannons

text: from

text: an

text: artillery

text: park

text: on

text: Montmartre

text: National

text: Guard

text: units

text: resisted

text: and

text: killed

text: two

text: army

text: generals

text: The

text: national

text: government

text: and

text: regular

text: army

text: forces

text: retreated

text: to

text: Versailles

text: and

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: government

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: in

text: Paris

text: A

text: Commune

text: was

text: elected

text: which

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: socialists

text: anarchists

text: and

text: revolutionaries

text: The

text: red

text: flag

text: replaced

text: the

text: French

text: tricolour

text: and

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: began

text: between

text: the

text: Commune

text: and

text: the

text: regular

text: army

text: which

text: attacked

text: and

text: recaptured

text: Paris

text: from

text: May

text: in

text: La

text: Semaine

text: Sanglante

text: Bloody

text: week

question: What became highly politicised during the war?

answer: Paris National Guard

text: Paris National Guard

question: In what type of neighborhoods did the occur especially?

answer: working-class neighbourhoods

text: working-class neighbourhoods

question: What did the National Guard refuse to wear?

answer: uniforms

text: uniforms

question: What did the National Guard refuse to obey?

answer: commands from the national government

text: commands from the national government

question: On which dates did La Semaine Sanglante occur in Paris?

answer: 21–28 May

text: 21–28 May


text: The Jawa Dwipa Hindu kingdom in Java and Sumatra existed around 200 BCE. The history of the Malay-speaking world began with the advent of Indian influence, which dates back to at least the 3rd century BCE. Indian traders came to the archipelago both for its abundant forest and maritime products and to trade with merchants from China, who also discovered the Malay world at an early date. Both Hinduism and Buddhism were well established in the Malay Peninsula by the beginning of the 1st century CE, and from there spread across the archipelago.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: The

text: Jawa

text: Dwipa

text: Hindu

text: kingdom

text: in

text: Java

text: and

text: Sumatra

text: existed

text: around

text: BCE

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Malay

text: speaking

text: world

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: Indian

text: influence

text: which

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Indian

text: traders

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: archipelago

text: both

text: for

text: its

text: abundant

text: forest

text: and

text: maritime

text: products

text: and

text: to

text: trade

text: with

text: merchants

text: from

text: China

text: who

text: also

text: discovered

text: the

text: Malay

text: world

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: date

text: Both

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: Buddhism

text: were

text: well

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Malay

text: Peninsula

text: by

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: and

text: from

text: there

text: spread

text: across

text: the

text: archipelago

question: Which Hindu kingdom existed around 200 BCE?

answer: Jawa Dwipa

text: Jawa Dwipa

question: Which traders came to the archipelago for trade?

answer: Indian traders

text: Indian traders

question: The Java Dwipa kingdom was well-known for what?

answer: abundant forest and maritime products

text: abundant forest and maritime products

question: Which religions were well established in the Malay peninsula by the beginning of the 1st century CE?

answer: Hinduism and Buddhism

text: Hinduism and Buddhism

question: Apart from the Indian traders, who else discovered the Malay peninsula for trade?

answer: merchants from China

text: merchants from China

question: What kindom existed in the second century BCE?

text: The Jawa Dwipa Hindu kingdom

question: Who started influencing the Maylay-speaking world in the 300's BCE?

text: Indian

question: Who did the Chine's come to the archipelago to trade with?

text: Indian traders

question: What was well established by the 1st century BC?

text: Hinduism and Buddhism


text: In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop, led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British North America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid 18th century.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: In

text: the

text: Massachusetts

text: Bay

text: Colony

text: 's

text: first

text: governor

text: John

text: Winthrop

text: led

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: the

text: Cambridge

text: Agreement

text: a

text: key

text: founding

text: document

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Puritan

text: ethics

text: and

text: their

text: focus

text: on

text: education

text: influenced

text: its

text: early

text: history

text: America

text: 's

text: first

text: public

text: school

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Boston

text: in

text: Over

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: the

text: city

text: participated

text: in

text: four

text: French

text: and

text: Indian

text: Wars

text: until

text: the

text: British

text: defeated

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: their

text: native

text: allies

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: Boston

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: town

text: in

text: British

text: North

text: America

text: until

text: Philadelphia

text: grew

text: larger

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: century

question: What year was the Cambridge Agreement signed?

answer: 1629

question: America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year?

answer: 1635

question: Who was Massachusetts first governor?

answer: John Winthrop

text: John Winthrop

question: How many french and Indian wars did Boston participate in?

answer: four

text: four

question: Who led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement?

answer: John Winthrop

text: John Winthrop


text: YouTube Red is YouTube's premium subscription service. It offers advertising-free streaming, access to exclusive content, background and offline video playback on mobile devices, and access to the Google Play Music "All Access" service. YouTube Red was originally announced on November 12, 2014, as "Music Key", a subscription music streaming service, and was intended to integrate with and replace the existing Google Play Music "All Access" service. On October 28, 2015, the service was re-launched as YouTube Red, offering ad-free streaming of all videos, as well as access to exclusive original content.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: YouTube

text: Red

text: is

text: YouTube

text: 's

text: premium

text: subscription

text: service

text: It

text: offers

text: advertising

text: free

text: streaming

text: access

text: to

text: exclusive

text: content

text: background

text: and

text: offline

text: video

text: playback

text: on

text: mobile

text: devices

text: and

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Google

text: Play

text: Music

text: All

text: Access

text: service

text: YouTube

text: Red

text: was

text: originally

text: announced

text: on

text: November

text: as

text: Music

text: Key

text: a

text: subscription

text: music

text: streaming

text: service

text: and

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: integrate

text: with

text: and

text: replace

text: the

text: existing

text: Google

text: Play

text: Music

text: All

text: Access

text: service

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: service

text: was

text: re

text: launched

text: as

text: YouTube

text: Red

text: offering

text: ad

text: free

text: streaming

text: of

text: all

text: videos

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: access

text: to

text: exclusive

text: original

text: content

question: What is youtube red?

answer: YouTube's premium subscription service

text: YouTube's premium subscription service

question: When was youtube red originally announced?

answer: November 12, 2014

text: November 12, 2014

question: What was the original title of youtube red?

answer: Music Key

text: Music Key

question: When was youtube red re-launched with its added features?

answer: October 28, 2015

text: October 28, 2015

question: What service was "music key" intended to replace?

answer: Google Play Music "All Access"

text: Google Play Music "All Access"

question: What is YouTube Premium?

text: subscription service

question: What does YouTube Premium offer?

question: What was originally announced on November 14, 2012?

text: YouTube Red

question: What was YouTube Premium originally called in 2014?

text: Music Key

question: What was relaunched on October 12, 2015?

text: Music Key


text: To continue evacuating a chamber indefinitely without requiring infinite growth, a compartment of the vacuum can be repeatedly closed off, exhausted, and expanded again. This is the principle behind positive displacement pumps, like the manual water pump for example. Inside the pump, a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity to create a vacuum. Because of the pressure differential, some fluid from the chamber (or the well, in our example) is pushed into the pump's small cavity. The pump's cavity is then sealed from the chamber, opened to the atmosphere, and squeezed back to a minute size.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: To

text: continue

text: evacuating

text: a

text: chamber

text: indefinitely

text: without

text: requiring

text: infinite

text: growth

text: a

text: compartment

text: of

text: the

text: vacuum

text: can

text: be

text: repeatedly

text: closed

text: off

text: exhausted

text: and

text: expanded

text: again

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: principle

text: behind

text: positive

text: displacement

text: pumps

text: like

text: the

text: manual

text: water

text: pump

text: for

text: example

text: Inside

text: the

text: pump

text: a

text: mechanism

text: expands

text: a

text: small

text: sealed

text: cavity

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: vacuum

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: pressure

text: differential

text: some

text: fluid

text: from

text: the

text: chamber

text: or

text: the

text: well

text: in

text: our

text: example

text: is

text: pushed

text: into

text: the

text: pump

text: 's

text: small

text: cavity

text: The

text: pump

text: 's

text: cavity

text: is

text: then

text: sealed

text: from

text: the

text: chamber

text: opened

text: to

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: and

text: squeezed

text: back

text: to

text: a

text: minute

text: size

question: Repeatedly closing off a compartment of a vacuum allows what?

answer: continue evacuating a chamber indefinitely without requiring infinite growth

text: continue evacuating a chamber indefinitely without requiring infinite growth

question: How is a vacuum created inside of a manual water pump?

answer: a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity

text: a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity

question: Why is fluid in a manual pump pushed into the pumps cavity when a small sealed cavity is expanded?

answer: Because of the pressure differential

text: Because of the pressure differential

question: What are pumps based off principle of sealed compartment pulling,pushing and expanding called?

answer: displacement pumps

text: displacement pumps

question: What does repeatedly putting water into the atmosphere manually allow?

question: How is a vacuum created in the atmosphere?

question: What kind of growth happens when fluid enters the atmosphere?

text: infinite

question: What expands outside the pump?

text: a small sealed cavity

question: What size is the vacuum in the pump?

text: a minute size