text: Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra. Historically, within the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the Americas (the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro) in 1792, as well as the oldest medical college in Asia (the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa) in 1842. The largest university in Portugal is the University of Lisbon.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portuguese

text: universities

text: have

text: existed

text: since

text: The

text: oldest

text: Portuguese

text: university

text: was

text: first

text: established

text: in

text: Lisbon

text: before

text: moving

text: to

text: Coimbra

text: Historically

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Empire

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: founded

text: the

text: oldest

text: engineering

text: school

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: the

text: Real

text: Academia

text: de

text: Artilharia

text: Fortificação

text: e

text: Desenho

text: of

text: Rio

text: de

text: Janeiro

text: in

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: oldest

text: medical

text: college

text: in

text: Asia

text: the

text: Escola

text: Médico

text: Cirúrgica

text: of

text: Goa

text: in

text: The

text: largest

text: university

text: in

text: Portugal

text: is

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Lisbon

question: Since when have Portuguese universities existed?

answer: 1290

question: Where was the oldest Portuguese university established?

answer: Lisbon

text: Lisbon

question: Where did the oldest Portuguese university relocate to?

answer: Coimbra

text: Coimbra

question: What is the oldest engineering school of the Americas?

answer: the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro

text: the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro

question: What is the oldest medical college in Asia?

answer: the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa

text: the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa


text: From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: From

text: early

text: Christian

text: times

text: hunting

text: has

text: been

text: forbidden

text: to

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: clerics

text: Thus

text: the

text: Corpus

text: Juris

text: Canonici

text: C.

text: ii

text: X

text: De

text: cleric

text: venat

text: says

text: We

text: forbid

text: to

text: all

text: servants

text: of

text: God

text: hunting

text: and

text: expeditions

text: through

text: the

text: woods

text: with

text: hounds

text: and

text: we

text: also

text: forbid

text: them

text: to

text: keep

text: hawks

text: or

text: falcons

text: The

text: Fourth

text: Council

text: of

text: the

text: Lateran

text: held

text: under

text: Pope

text: Innocent

text: III

text: decreed

text: canon

text: xv

text: We

text: interdict

text: hunting

text: or

text: hawking

text: to

text: all

text: clerics

text: The

text: decree

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Trent

text: is

text: worded

text: more

text: mildly

text: Let

text: clerics

text: abstain

text: from

text: illicit

text: hunting

text: and

text: hawking

text: Sess

text: XXIV

text: De

text: reform

text: c.

text: xii

text: which

text: seems

text: to

text: imply

text: that

text: not

text: all

text: hunting

text: is

text: illicit

text: and

text: canonists

text: generally

text: make

text: a

text: distinction

text: declaring

text: noisy

text: clamorosa

text: hunting

text: unlawful

text: but

text: not

text: quiet

text: quieta

text: hunting

question: Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times?

answer: Roman Catholic Church clerics

text: Roman Catholic Church clerics

question: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?

answer: Corpus Juris Canonici

text: Corpus Juris Canonici

question: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?

answer: Pope Innocent III

text: Pope Innocent III

question: What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply?

answer: not all hunting is illicit

text: not all hunting is illicit

question: What type of hunting is unlawful?

answer: clamorosa

text: clamorosa

question: Who was forbidden to hunt in early Christian time?

answer: Roman Catholic Church clerics

text: Roman Catholic Church clerics

question: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?

answer: Corpus Juris Canonici

text: Corpus Juris Canonici

question: Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?

answer: Pope Innocent III

text: Pope Innocent III

question: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded?

answer: mildly

text: mildly

question: Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?

answer: Council of Trent

text: Council of Trent

question: What kinds of birds were kept by Pope Innocent III?

text: hawks or falcons

question: What kind of hunting was legal under the Corpus Juris Canonici?

text: quiet (quieta) hunting

question: What did the Council of Trent decree forbid servants of God from taking expeditions through the woods with?

text: hounds

question: What pope was the decree of the Council of Trent held under?

text: Pope Innocent III

question: What does the Corpus Juris Canonici imply to differentiate between types of hunting?

text: not all hunting is illicit


text: Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Birds

text: Aves

text: are

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: endothermic

text: vertebrates

text: characterised

text: by

text: feathers

text: toothless

text: beaked

text: jaws

text: the

text: laying

text: of

text: hard

text: shelled

text: eggs

text: a

text: high

text: metabolic

text: rate

text: a

text: four

text: chambered

text: heart

text: and

text: a

text: lightweight

text: but

text: strong

text: skeleton

text: Birds

text: live

text: worldwide

text: and

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: the

text: cm

text: in

text: bee

text: hummingbird

text: to

text: the

text: m

text: ft

text: ostrich

text: They

text: rank

text: as

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: living

text: species

text: at

text: approximately

text: ten

text: thousand

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: these

text: being

text: passerines

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: perching

text: birds

text: or

text: less

text: accurately

text: as

text: songbirds

question: What is a group of endothermic vertebrates characterised by feathers and toothless beaked jaws?

answer: Birds

text: Birds

question: What is the smallest bird?

answer: bee hummingbird

text: bee hummingbird

question: What is the largest bird?

answer: ostrich

text: ostrich

question: What is the size of the smallest bird?

answer: 5 cm (2 in)

text: 5 cm (2 in)

question: What is the size of the largest bird?

answer: 2.75 m (9 ft)

text: 2.75 m (9 ft)


text: Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a suppressed immune system are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections. Entrance to the host at host-pathogen interface, generally occurs through the mucosa in orifices like the oral cavity, nose, eyes, genitalia, anus, or the microbe can enter through open wounds. While a few organisms can grow at the initial site of entry, many migrate and cause systemic infection in different organs. Some pathogens grow within the host cells (intracellular) whereas others grow freely in bodily fluids.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Infection

text: begins

text: when

text: an

text: organism

text: successfully

text: enters

text: the

text: body

text: grows

text: and

text: multiplies

text: This

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: colonization

text: Most

text: humans

text: are

text: not

text: easily

text: infected

text: Those

text: who

text: are

text: weak

text: sick

text: malnourished

text: have

text: cancer

text: or

text: are

text: diabetic

text: have

text: increased

text: susceptibility

text: to

text: chronic

text: or

text: persistent

text: infections

text: Individuals

text: who

text: have

text: a

text: suppressed

text: immune

text: system

text: are

text: particularly

text: susceptible

text: to

text: opportunistic

text: infections

text: Entrance

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: at

text: host

text: pathogen

text: interface

text: generally

text: occurs

text: through

text: the

text: mucosa

text: in

text: orifices

text: like

text: the

text: oral

text: cavity

text: nose

text: eyes

text: genitalia

text: anus

text: or

text: the

text: microbe

text: can

text: enter

text: through

text: open

text: wounds

text: While

text: a

text: few

text: organisms

text: can

text: grow

text: at

text: the

text: initial

text: site

text: of

text: entry

text: many

text: migrate

text: and

text: cause

text: systemic

text: infection

text: in

text: different

text: organs

text: Some

text: pathogens

text: grow

text: within

text: the

text: host

text: cells

text: intracellular

text: whereas

text: others

text: grow

text: freely

text: in

text: bodily

text: fluids

question: When does infection begin?

answer: when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies.

text: when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies.

question: What group is not easily infected?

answer: humans

text: humans

question: What group of humans have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?

answer: weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic

text: weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic

question: What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections?

answer: Individuals who have a suppressed immune system

text: Individuals who have a suppressed immune system

question: What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells?

answer: intracellular

text: intracellular

question: When does infection become unstoppable?

question: What group is never infected?

text: humans

question: What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?

question: What individuals are particularly safe to opportunistic infections?

question: What is it called when a pathogen explodes within the host cells?

text: intracellular


text: Following the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess, an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console. A properly designed save file would cause the game to load unsigned code, which could include Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) programs and homebrew Wii applications. Versions 3.3 and 3.4 of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console until circumvention methods were discovered, and version 4.0 of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability.

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: Following

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: a

text: buffer

text: overflow

text: vulnerability

text: in

text: the

text: Wii

text: version

text: of

text: Twilight

text: Princess

text: an

text: exploit

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Twilight

text: Hack

text: was

text: developed

text: allowing

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: custom

text: code

text: from

text: a

text: Secure

text: Digital

text: SD

text: card

text: on

text: the

text: console

text: A

text: properly

text: designed

text: save

text: file

text: would

text: cause

text: the

text: game

text: to

text: load

text: unsigned

text: code

text: which

text: could

text: include

text: Executable

text: and

text: Linkable

text: Format

text: ELF

text: programs

text: and

text: homebrew

text: Wii

text: applications

text: Versions

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Wii

text: Menu

text: prevented

text: copying

text: exploited

text: save

text: files

text: onto

text: the

text: console

text: until

text: circumvention

text: methods

text: were

text: discovered

text: and

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Wii

text: Menu

text: patched

text: the

text: vulnerability

question: What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii?

answer: buffer overflow vulnerability

text: buffer overflow vulnerability

question: What does ELF stand for?

answer: Executable and Linkable Format

text: Executable and Linkable Format

question: Which issue of the Wii Menu fixed the issue with Twilight Princess?

answer: 4.0

question: What was the name of the hack discovered?

answer: Twilight Hack

text: Twilight Hack

question: What versions of the Wii Menu prevented copying the exploited files?

answer: 3.3 and 3.4

text: 3.3 and 3.4

question: What version of the Wii patched the hack vulnerability?

answer: 4.0

question: What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for SD?

text: buffer overflow vulnerability

question: What does Wii mean?

text: Executable and Linkable Format

question: Which issue of the Wii Menu fixed the issue with the Wii Menu?

question: What was the name of the console discovered?

text: Twilight Hack

question: What version of ELF patched the hack vulnerability?


text: During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: During

text: the

text: to

text: early

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: state

text: owned

text: and

text: funded

text: technical

text: schools

text: that

text: offered

text: both

text: vocational

text: and

text: higher

text: education

text: They

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Advanced

text: Education

text: system

text: In

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: merged

text: with

text: existing

text: universities

text: or

text: formed

text: new

text: ones

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: These

text: new

text: universities

text: often

text: took

text: the

text: title

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: for

text: marketing

text: rather

text: than

text: legal

text: purposes

text: AVCC

text: report

text: The

text: most

text: prominent

text: such

text: university

text: in

text: each

text: state

text: founded

text: the

text: Australian

text: Technology

text: Network

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: later

question: What name did some universities switch to in the 1990s for marketing purposes?

answer: University of Technology

text: University of Technology

question: What system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies, eighties, and early nineties?

answer: College of Advanced Education system

text: College of Advanced Education system


text: Ion gauges are used in ultrahigh vacuum. They come in two types: hot cathode and cold cathode. In the hot cathode version an electrically heated filament produces an electron beam. The electrons travel through the gauge and ionize gas molecules around them. The resulting ions are collected at a negative electrode. The current depends on the number of ions, which depends on the pressure in the gauge. Hot cathode gauges are accurate from 10−3 torr to 10−10 torr. The principle behind cold cathode version is the same, except that electrons are produced in a discharge created by a high voltage electrical discharge. Cold cathode gauges are accurate from 10−2 torr to 10−9 torr. Ionization gauge calibration is very sensitive to construction geometry, chemical composition of gases being measured, corrosion and surface deposits. Their calibration can be invalidated by activation at atmospheric pressure or low vacuum. The composition of gases at high vacuums will usually be unpredictable, so a mass spectrometer must be used in conjunction with the ionization gauge for accurate measurement.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Ion

text: gauges

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: ultrahigh

text: vacuum

text: They

text: come

text: in

text: two

text: types

text: hot

text: cathode

text: and

text: cold

text: cathode

text: In

text: the

text: hot

text: cathode

text: version

text: an

text: electrically

text: heated

text: filament

text: produces

text: an

text: electron

text: beam

text: The

text: electrons

text: travel

text: through

text: the

text: gauge

text: and

text: ionize

text: gas

text: molecules

text: around

text: them

text: The

text: resulting

text: ions

text: are

text: collected

text: at

text: a

text: negative

text: electrode

text: The

text: current

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: ions

text: which

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: pressure

text: in

text: the

text: gauge

text: Hot

text: cathode

text: gauges

text: are

text: accurate

text: from

text: torr

text: to

text: torr

text: The

text: principle

text: behind

text: cold

text: cathode

text: version

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: except

text: that

text: electrons

text: are

text: produced

text: in

text: a

text: discharge

text: created

text: by

text: a

text: high

text: voltage

text: electrical

text: discharge

text: Cold

text: cathode

text: gauges

text: are

text: accurate

text: from

text: torr

text: to

text: torr

text: Ionization

text: gauge

text: calibration

text: is

text: very

text: sensitive

text: to

text: construction

text: geometry

text: chemical

text: composition

text: of

text: gases

text: being

text: measured

text: corrosion

text: and

text: surface

text: deposits

text: Their

text: calibration

text: can

text: be

text: invalidated

text: by

text: activation

text: at

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: or

text: low

text: vacuum

text: The

text: composition

text: of

text: gases

text: at

text: high

text: vacuums

text: will

text: usually

text: be

text: unpredictable

text: so

text: a

text: mass

text: spectrometer

text: must

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: ionization

text: gauge

text: for

text: accurate

text: measurement

question: What are the two types of Ion gauges?

answer: hot cathode and cold cathode.

text: hot cathode and cold cathode.

question: What affects the number of ions in a gauge?

answer: the pressure in the gauge

text: the pressure in the gauge

question: What gauge is accurate from 10-2 torr to 10-9 torr?

answer: Cold cathode gauges

text: Cold cathode gauges

question: What must be used for accurate measurement on the composition of gases at a high vacuums?

answer: mass spectrometer must be used in conjunction with the ionization gauge

text: mass spectrometer must be used in conjunction with the ionization gauge

question: Why does a mass spectrometer need to be used with gauge to be accurate at high vacuum gas measurement?

answer: composition of gases at high vacuums will usually be unpredictable

text: composition of gases at high vacuums will usually be unpredictable

question: What are the two types of mass spectrometers?

text: hot cathode and cold cathode

question: In the hot cathode version what does corrosion produce?

text: an electron beam

question: What is ionized when electrodes travel through a mass spectrometer?

text: gas molecules

question: What is the accuracy of a mass spectrometer?

text: from 10−2 torr to 10−9 torr

question: What is the nature of electrically heated filaments at high vacuums?

text: unpredictable


text: Towards the center, at the end of the groove, there is another wide-pitched section known as the lead-out. At the very end of this section the groove joins itself to form a complete circle, called the lock groove; when the stylus reaches this point, it circles repeatedly until lifted from the record. On some recordings (for example Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles, Super Trouper by Abba and Atom Heart Mother by Pink Floyd), the sound continues on the lock groove, which gives a strange repeating effect. Automatic turntables rely on the position or angular velocity of the arm, as it reaches the wider spacing in the groove, to trigger a mechanism that lifts the arm off the record. Precisely because of this mechanism, most automatic turntables are incapable of playing any audio in the lock groove, since they will lift the arm before it reaches that groove.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Towards

text: the

text: center

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: groove

text: there

text: is

text: another

text: wide

text: pitched

text: section

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: out

text: At

text: the

text: very

text: end

text: of

text: this

text: section

text: the

text: groove

text: joins

text: itself

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: complete

text: circle

text: called

text: the

text: lock

text: groove

text: when

text: the

text: stylus

text: reaches

text: this

text: point

text: it

text: circles

text: repeatedly

text: until

text: lifted

text: from

text: the

text: record

text: On

text: some

text: recordings

text: for

text: example

text: Sgt

text: Pepper

text: 's

text: Lonely

text: Hearts

text: Club

text: Band

text: by

text: The

text: Beatles

text: Super

text: Trouper

text: by

text: Abba

text: and

text: Atom

text: Heart

text: Mother

text: by

text: Pink

text: Floyd

text: the

text: sound

text: continues

text: on

text: the

text: lock

text: groove

text: which

text: gives

text: a

text: strange

text: repeating

text: effect

text: Automatic

text: turntables

text: rely

text: on

text: the

text: position

text: or

text: angular

text: velocity

text: of

text: the

text: arm

text: as

text: it

text: reaches

text: the

text: wider

text: spacing

text: in

text: the

text: groove

text: to

text: trigger

text: a

text: mechanism

text: that

text: lifts

text: the

text: arm

text: off

text: the

text: record

text: Precisely

text: because

text: of

text: this

text: mechanism

text: most

text: automatic

text: turntables

text: are

text: incapable

text: of

text: playing

text: any

text: audio

text: in

text: the

text: lock

text: groove

text: since

text: they

text: will

text: lift

text: the

text: arm

text: before

text: it

text: reaches

text: that

text: groove

question: What is a 'lead out'?

answer: wide-pitched section

text: wide-pitched section

question: What is the center where the data joins to complete a circle?

answer: lock groove

text: lock groove

question: Do turntables play music on lock grooves?

answer: most automatic turntables are incapable

text: most automatic turntables are incapable

question: What do most automatic turn tables do when they meet a lock groove?

answer: lift the arm

text: lift the arm

question: Where do you find a lead out?

answer: Towards the center, at the end of the groove

text: Towards the center, at the end of the groove


text: Meanwhile, Elisha Gray was also experimenting with acoustic telegraphy and thought of a way to transmit speech using a water transmitter. On February 14, 1876, Gray filed a caveat with the U.S. Patent Office for a telephone design that used a water transmitter. That same morning, Bell's lawyer filed Bell's application with the patent office. There is considerable debate about who arrived first and Gray later challenged the primacy of Bell's patent. Bell was in Boston on February 14 and did not arrive in Washington until February 26.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Meanwhile

text: Elisha

text: Gray

text: was

text: also

text: experimenting

text: with

text: acoustic

text: telegraphy

text: and

text: thought

text: of

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: transmit

text: speech

text: using

text: a

text: water

text: transmitter

text: On

text: February

text: Gray

text: filed

text: a

text: caveat

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: Office

text: for

text: a

text: telephone

text: design

text: that

text: used

text: a

text: water

text: transmitter

text: That

text: same

text: morning

text: Bell

text: 's

text: lawyer

text: filed

text: Bell

text: 's

text: application

text: with

text: the

text: patent

text: office

text: There

text: is

text: considerable

text: debate

text: about

text: who

text: arrived

text: first

text: and

text: Gray

text: later

text: challenged

text: the

text: primacy

text: of

text: Bell

text: 's

text: patent

text: Bell

text: was

text: in

text: Boston

text: on

text: February

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: arrive

text: in

text: Washington

text: until

text: February

question: What material did Elisha Gray use to convey sound?

answer: water

text: water

question: On what date did Gray and Bell both put in for a patent?

answer: February 14, 1876

text: February 14, 1876

question: On what day did Bell get to Washington?

answer: February 26

text: February 26

question: What office in Washington did Bell and Gray visit?

answer: U.S. Patent Office

text: U.S. Patent Office

question: What sort of machine did Bell and Gray both try to patent at the same time?

answer: telephone

text: telephone


text: In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: In

text: many

text: cities

text: along

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: route

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: was

text: protested

text: by

text: advocates

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: independence

text: animal

text: rights

text: and

text: legal

text: online

text: gambling

text: and

text: people

text: protesting

text: against

text: China

text: 's

text: human

text: rights

text: record

text: resulting

text: in

text: confrontations

text: at

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: the

text: relay

text: locations

text: These

text: protests

text: which

text: ranged

text: from

text: hundreds

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: to

text: effectively

text: in

text: Pyongyang

text: forced

text: the

text: path

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: to

text: be

text: changed

text: or

text: shortened

text: on

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: occasions

text: The

text: torch

text: was

text: extinguished

text: by

text: Chinese

text: security

text: officials

text: several

text: times

text: during

text: the

text: Paris

text: leg

text: for

text: security

text: reasons

text: and

text: once

text: in

text: protest

text: in

text: Paris

question: How many people protested on the San Francisco torch route?

answer: hundreds

text: hundreds

question: How many people protested at the Pyongyang torch route?

answer: effectively none

text: effectively none

question: What were some groups doing along the torch route that was not supportive of the Olympics?

answer: protesting

text: protesting

question: Who put out the torch along the route for protection?

answer: Chinese security officials

text: Chinese security officials


text: During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: During

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: tree

text: the

text: lower

text: limbs

text: often

text: die

text: but

text: may

text: remain

text: attached

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: sometimes

text: years

text: Subsequent

text: layers

text: of

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: attaching

text: stem

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: intimately

text: joined

text: with

text: the

text: dead

text: limb

text: but

text: are

text: grown

text: around

text: it

text: Hence

text: dead

text: branches

text: produce

text: knots

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: attached

text: and

text: likely

text: to

text: drop

text: out

text: after

text: the

text: tree

text: has

text: been

text: sawn

text: into

text: boards

question: What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?

answer: die

text: die

question: For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?

answer: years

text: years

question: Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?

answer: around it

text: around it

question: Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?

answer: not attached

text: not attached

question: A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?

answer: boards

text: boards


text: The character of John's relationship with his second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, is unclear. John married Isabella whilst she was relatively young – her exact date of birth is uncertain, and estimates place her between at most 15 and more probably towards nine years old at the time of her marriage.[nb 15] Even by the standards of the time, Isabella was married whilst very young. John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands, to the extent that historian Nicholas Vincent has described him as being "downright mean" towards Isabella. Vincent concluded that the marriage was not a particularly "amicable" one. Other aspects of their marriage suggest a closer, more positive relationship. Chroniclers recorded that John had a "mad infatuation" with Isabella, and certainly John had conjugal relationships with Isabella between at least 1207 and 1215; they had five children. In contrast to Vincent, historian William Chester Jordan concludes that the pair were a "companionable couple" who had a successful marriage by the standards of the day.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: character

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: his

text: second

text: wife

text: Isabella

text: of

text: Angoulême

text: is

text: unclear

text: John

text: married

text: Isabella

text: whilst

text: she

text: was

text: relatively

text: young

text: her

text: exact

text: date

text: of

text: birth

text: is

text: uncertain

text: and

text: estimates

text: place

text: her

text: between

text: at

text: most

text: and

text: more

text: probably

text: towards

text: nine

text: years

text: old

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: her

text: marriage.[nb

text: Even

text: by

text: the

text: standards

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Isabella

text: was

text: married

text: whilst

text: very

text: young

text: John

text: did

text: not

text: provide

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: money

text: for

text: his

text: wife

text: 's

text: household

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: pass

text: on

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: revenue

text: from

text: her

text: lands

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: historian

text: Nicholas

text: Vincent

text: has

text: described

text: him

text: as

text: being

text: downright

text: mean

text: towards

text: Isabella

text: Vincent

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: marriage

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: particularly

text: amicable

text: one

text: Other

text: aspects

text: of

text: their

text: marriage

text: suggest

text: a

text: closer

text: more

text: positive

text: relationship

text: Chroniclers

text: recorded

text: that

text: John

text: had

text: a

text: mad

text: infatuation

text: with

text: Isabella

text: and

text: certainly

text: John

text: had

text: conjugal

text: relationships

text: with

text: Isabella

text: between

text: at

text: least

text: and

text: they

text: had

text: five

text: children

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: Vincent

text: historian

text: William

text: Chester

text: Jordan

text: concludes

text: that

text: the

text: pair

text: were

text: a

text: companionable

text: couple

text: who

text: had

text: a

text: successful

text: marriage

text: by

text: the

text: standards

text: of

text: the

text: day

question: Who was John's second wife?

answer: Isabella of Angoulême

text: Isabella of Angoulême

question: Nicholas Vincent was described as what?

answer: downright mean

text: downright mean

question: When did John have conjugal relationships with Isabella?

answer: 1207 and 1215

text: 1207 and 1215

question: How many children did John and Isabella have?

answer: five children

text: five children


text: Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelidae) or weevils. In some of these species, sculpturing or various colored scales or hairs cause the beetle to resemble bird dung or other inedible objects. Many of those that live in sandy environments blend in with the coloration of the substrate. Most phasmids are known for effectively replicating the forms of sticks and leaves, and the bodies of some species (such as O. macklotti and Palophus centaurus) are covered in mossy or lichenous outgrowths that supplement their disguise. Some species have the ability to change color as their surroundings shift (B. scabrinota, T. californica). In a further behavioral adaptation to supplement crypsis, a number of species have been noted to perform a rocking motion where the body is swayed from side to side that is thought to reflect the movement of leaves or twigs swaying in the breeze. Another method by which stick insects avoid predation and resemble twigs is by feigning death (catalepsy), where the insect enters a motionless state that can be maintained for a long period. The nocturnal feeding habits of adults also aids Phasmatodea in remaining concealed from predators.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Camouflage

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: defense

text: strategy

text: which

text: involves

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: coloration

text: or

text: shape

text: to

text: blend

text: into

text: the

text: surrounding

text: environment

text: This

text: sort

text: of

text: protective

text: coloration

text: is

text: common

text: and

text: widespread

text: among

text: beetle

text: families

text: especially

text: those

text: that

text: feed

text: on

text: wood

text: or

text: vegetation

text: such

text: as

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: leaf

text: beetles

text: family

text: Chrysomelidae

text: or

text: weevils

text: In

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: species

text: sculpturing

text: or

text: various

text: colored

text: scales

text: or

text: hairs

text: cause

text: the

text: beetle

text: to

text: resemble

text: bird

text: dung

text: or

text: other

text: inedible

text: objects

text: Many

text: of

text: those

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: sandy

text: environments

text: blend

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: coloration

text: of

text: the

text: substrate

text: Most

text: phasmids

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: effectively

text: replicating

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: sticks

text: and

text: leaves

text: and

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: some

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: O.

text: macklotti

text: and

text: Palophus

text: centaurus

text: are

text: covered

text: in

text: mossy

text: or

text: lichenous

text: outgrowths

text: that

text: supplement

text: their

text: disguise

text: Some

text: species

text: have

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: change

text: color

text: as

text: their

text: surroundings

text: shift

text: B.

text: scabrinota

text: T.

text: californica

text: In

text: a

text: further

text: behavioral

text: adaptation

text: to

text: supplement

text: crypsis

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: noted

text: to

text: perform

text: a

text: rocking

text: motion

text: where

text: the

text: body

text: is

text: swayed

text: from

text: side

text: to

text: side

text: that

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: reflect

text: the

text: movement

text: of

text: leaves

text: or

text: twigs

text: swaying

text: in

text: the

text: breeze

text: Another

text: method

text: by

text: which

text: stick

text: insects

text: avoid

text: predation

text: and

text: resemble

text: twigs

text: is

text: by

text: feigning

text: death

text: catalepsy

text: where

text: the

text: insect

text: enters

text: a

text: motionless

text: state

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: maintained

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: The

text: nocturnal

text: feeding

text: habits

text: of

text: adults

text: also

text: aids

text: Phasmatodea

text: in

text: remaining

text: concealed

text: from

text: predators

question: What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive?

answer: Camouflage

text: Camouflage

question: What does coloration and shape help an insect do in the surrounding environment?

answer: blend

text: blend

question: Protective coloring is common in what insect family?

answer: beetle

text: beetle

question: What is Chrysomelidae?

answer: leaf beetles

text: leaf beetles

question: A beetle can resemble what kind of dung?

answer: bird dung

text: bird dung


text: Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have been free to enter any profession, they have a record of high occupational achievement, entering professions and fields of commerce where higher education is required. Ashkenazi Jews have won a large number of the Nobel awards. While they make up about 2% of the U.S. population, 27% of United States Nobel prize winners in the 20th century, a quarter of Fields Medal winners, 25% of ACM Turing Award winners, half the world's chess champions, including 8% of the top 100 world chess players, and a quarter of Westinghouse Science Talent Search winners have Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: have

text: a

text: noted

text: history

text: of

text: achievement

text: in

text: Western

text: societies

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: exact

text: and

text: social

text: sciences

text: literature

text: finance

text: politics

text: media

text: and

text: others

text: In

text: those

text: societies

text: where

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: free

text: to

text: enter

text: any

text: profession

text: they

text: have

text: a

text: record

text: of

text: high

text: occupational

text: achievement

text: entering

text: professions

text: and

text: fields

text: of

text: commerce

text: where

text: higher

text: education

text: is

text: required

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: have

text: won

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: Nobel

text: awards

text: While

text: they

text: make

text: up

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: population

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: Nobel

text: prize

text: winners

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: Fields

text: Medal

text: winners

text: of

text: ACM

text: Turing

text: Award

text: winners

text: half

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: chess

text: champions

text: including

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: world

text: chess

text: players

text: and

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: Westinghouse

text: Science

text: Talent

text: Search

text: winners

text: have

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jewish

text: ancestry

question: What percentage of the US population is comprised of Ashkenazi Jews?

answer: 2%

question: What percentage of Nobel award winners from the United States in the 20th century have been Ashkenazi Jews?

answer: 27%

question: About how many Fields Medal winners have been Ashkenazi Jews?

answer: a quarter

text: a quarter

question: About how many of the world's chess champions come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?

answer: half the world's chess champions

text: half the world's chess champions

question: What percentage of the top 100 world chess players come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?

answer: 8%


text: One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Paulo underwent extensive modernization. At the end of 2010, sea trials began, and as of 2011[update] São Paulo had been evaluated by the CIASA (Inspection Commission and Training Advisory). She was expected to rejoin the fleet in late 2013, but suffered another major fire in 2012.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: One

text: CATOBAR

text: carrier

text: São

text: Paulo

text: is

text: a

text: Clemenceau

text: class

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: currently

text: in

text: service

text: with

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: Navy

text: São

text: Paulo

text: was

text: first

text: commissioned

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Navy

text: as

text: Foch

text: and

text: was

text: transferred

text: in

text: to

text: Brazil

text: where

text: she

text: became

text: the

text: new

text: flagship

text: of

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: Navy

text: During

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: São

text: Paulo

text: underwent

text: extensive

text: modernization

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: sea

text: trials

text: began

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: São

text: Paulo

text: had

text: been

text: evaluated

text: by

text: the

text: CIASA

text: Inspection

text: Commission

text: and

text: Training

text: Advisory

text: She

text: was

text: expected

text: to

text: rejoin

text: the

text: fleet

text: in

text: late

text: but

text: suffered

text: another

text: major

text: fire

text: in

question: What class carrier is the Sao Paulo?

answer: Clemenceau

text: Clemenceau

question: Who is the Sao Paulo currently in service for?

answer: the Brazilian Navy

text: the Brazilian Navy

question: Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1963?

answer: the French Navy

text: the French Navy

question: What did Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010?

answer: extensive modernization

text: extensive modernization

question: What setback happened to Sao Paula in 2012?

answer: another major fire

text: another major fire

question: What class carrier is the Pao Saulo?

text: Clemenceau

question: Who is the Sao Paulo currently out of service for?

text: the Brazilian Navy

question: Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1936?

text: the French Navy

question: What didn't Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010?

text: extensive modernization

question: What advancement happened to Sao Paula in 2012?

text: another major fire


text: The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of all American anti-monopoly laws. The law forbade every contract, scheme, deal, or conspiracy to restrain trade, though the phrase "restraint of trade" remained subjective. By the beginning of the 20th century, per capita income and industrial production in the United States exceeded that of any other country except Britain. Long hours and hazardous working conditions led many workers to attempt to form labor unions despite strong opposition from industrialists and the courts. But the courts did protect the marketplace, declaring the Standard Oil group to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1911. It ordered Standard to break up into 34 independent companies with different boards of directors.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: modern

text: industrial

text: economy

text: took

text: place

text: With

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: transportation

text: and

text: communication

text: infrastructure

text: the

text: corporation

text: became

text: the

text: dominant

text: form

text: of

text: business

text: organization

text: and

text: a

text: managerial

text: revolution

text: transformed

text: business

text: operations

text: In

text: Congress

text: passed

text: the

text: Sherman

text: Antitrust

text: Act

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: all

text: American

text: anti

text: monopoly

text: laws

text: The

text: law

text: forbade

text: every

text: contract

text: scheme

text: deal

text: or

text: conspiracy

text: to

text: restrain

text: trade

text: though

text: the

text: phrase

text: restraint

text: of

text: trade

text: remained

text: subjective

text: By

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: per

text: capita

text: income

text: and

text: industrial

text: production

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: exceeded

text: that

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: country

text: except

text: Britain

text: Long

text: hours

text: and

text: hazardous

text: working

text: conditions

text: led

text: many

text: workers

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: form

text: labor

text: unions

text: despite

text: strong

text: opposition

text: from

text: industrialists

text: and

text: the

text: courts

text: But

text: the

text: courts

text: did

text: protect

text: the

text: marketplace

text: declaring

text: the

text: Standard

text: Oil

text: group

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: unreasonable

text: monopoly

text: under

text: the

text: Sherman

text: Antitrust

text: Act

text: in

text: It

text: ordered

text: Standard

text: to

text: break

text: up

text: into

text: independent

text: companies

text: with

text: different

text: boards

text: of

text: directors

question: What creations brought in the modern industrial economy?

answer: transportation and communication infrastructure

text: transportation and communication infrastructure

question: What became the dominant form of business organization?

answer: the corporation

text: the corporation

question: What transformed business organization in 1890?

answer: managerial revolution

text: managerial revolution

question: The Sherman Antitrust Act is the source of what?

answer: all American anti-monopoly laws.

text: all American anti-monopoly laws.

question: What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts?

answer: an "unreasonable" monopoly

text: an "unreasonable" monopoly


text: Evidence from the early technical literature concerning electrical recording suggests that it wasn't until the 1942–1949 period that there were serious efforts to standardize recording characteristics within an industry. Heretofore, electrical recording technology from company to company was considered a proprietary art all the way back to the 1925 Western Electric licensed method used by Columbia and Victor. For example, what Brunswick-Balke-Collender (Brunswick Corporation) did was different from the practices of Victor.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Evidence

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: technical

text: literature

text: concerning

text: electrical

text: recording

text: suggests

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: n't

text: until

text: the

text: period

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: serious

text: efforts

text: to

text: standardize

text: recording

text: characteristics

text: within

text: an

text: industry

text: Heretofore

text: electrical

text: recording

text: technology

text: from

text: company

text: to

text: company

text: was

text: considered

text: a

text: proprietary

text: art

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Western

text: Electric

text: licensed

text: method

text: used

text: by

text: Columbia

text: and

text: Victor

text: For

text: example

text: what

text: Brunswick

text: Balke

text: Collender

text: Brunswick

text: Corporation

text: did

text: was

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: practices

text: of

text: Victor

question: How far back did records show the art of sound recordings?

answer: 1925

question: How was standardization prior to 1942?

answer: considered a proprietary art

text: considered a proprietary art

question: Around what time period was there an attempt made to standardize recordings?

answer: 1942–1949


text: According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance. It was provided with a door which turned on a hinge, and could be opened with a sort of key; the city gate was on a larger scale, and seems to have been double. The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: According

text: to

text: Archibald

text: Sayce

text: the

text: primitive

text: pictograms

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Sumerian

text: i.e.

text: Uruk

text: era

text: suggest

text: that

text: Stone

text: was

text: scarce

text: but

text: was

text: already

text: cut

text: into

text: blocks

text: and

text: seals

text: Brick

text: was

text: the

text: ordinary

text: building

text: material

text: and

text: with

text: it

text: cities

text: forts

text: temples

text: and

text: houses

text: were

text: constructed

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: provided

text: with

text: towers

text: and

text: stood

text: on

text: an

text: artificial

text: platform

text: the

text: house

text: also

text: had

text: a

text: tower

text: like

text: appearance

text: It

text: was

text: provided

text: with

text: a

text: door

text: which

text: turned

text: on

text: a

text: hinge

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: opened

text: with

text: a

text: sort

text: of

text: key

text: the

text: city

text: gate

text: was

text: on

text: a

text: larger

text: scale

text: and

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: double

text: The

text: foundation

text: stones

text: or

text: rather

text: bricks

text: of

text: a

text: house

text: were

text: consecrated

text: by

text: certain

text: objects

text: that

text: were

text: deposited

text: under

text: them

question: What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?

answer: was scarce

text: was scarce

question: How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?

answer: into blocks and seals

text: into blocks and seals

question: What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?

answer: Brick

text: Brick

question: What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?

answer: tower-like

text: tower-like

question: What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?

answer: objects that were deposited under them

text: objects that were deposited under them

question: What suggested that stone was common?

text: the primitive pictograms

question: Who claims stone was common in Sumeria since it was used for seals?

text: Archibald Sayce,

question: Where were towers built from stone?

text: cities, forts, temples


text: Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Both of these narratives had protagonists (Hayy in Philosophus Autodidactus and Kamil in Theologus Autodidactus) who were autodidactic feral children living in seclusion on a desert island, both being the earliest examples of a desert island story. However, while Hayy lives alone with animals on the desert island for the rest of the story in Philosophus Autodidactus, the story of Kamil extends beyond the desert island setting in Theologus Autodidactus, developing into the earliest known coming of age plot and eventually becoming the first example of a science fiction novel.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: Abubacer

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: were

text: pioneers

text: of

text: the

text: philosophical

text: novel

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: wrote

text: the

text: first

text: Arabic

text: novel

text: Hayy

text: ibn

text: Yaqdhan

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: Al

text: Ghazali

text: 's

text: The

text: Incoherence

text: of

text: the

text: Philosophers

text: and

text: then

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: also

text: wrote

text: a

text: novel

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: Ibn

text: Tufail

text: 's

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: narratives

text: had

text: protagonists

text: Hayy

text: in

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: and

text: Kamil

text: in

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: who

text: were

text: autodidactic

text: feral

text: children

text: living

text: in

text: seclusion

text: on

text: a

text: desert

text: island

text: both

text: being

text: the

text: earliest

text: examples

text: of

text: a

text: desert

text: island

text: story

text: However

text: while

text: Hayy

text: lives

text: alone

text: with

text: animals

text: on

text: the

text: desert

text: island

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: story

text: in

text: Philosophus

text: Autodidactus

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: Kamil

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: desert

text: island

text: setting

text: in

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: developing

text: into

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: plot

text: and

text: eventually

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: science

text: fiction

text: novel

question: What is another name for Ibn Tufail?

answer: Abubacer

text: Abubacer

question: What Arabic book is Ibn Tufail noted for writing?

answer: Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)

text: Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)

question: Who wrote Theologus Autodidactus?

answer: Ibn al-Nafis

text: Ibn al-Nafis

question: What person wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers?

answer: Al-Ghazali

text: Al-Ghazali

question: Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus?

answer: Hayy

text: Hayy

question: Who where pioneers of the fictional novel?

text: Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis

question: What did Ibn Tufil write in response to the novel by Ibn al-Nafis

text: Hayy ibn Yaqdhan

question: What did Al-Ghazali's write in response to Ibn Tufail's novel?

text: The Incoherence of the Philosophers

question: What book by Ibn al-Nafis write about kamil?

text: Philosophus Autodidactus,


text: This is a consequence of Lorentz reciprocity. For an antenna element  not connected to anything (open circuited) one can write . But for an element  which is short circuited, a current is generated across that short but no voltage is allowed, so the corresponding . This is the case, for instance, with the so-called parasitic elements of a Yagi-Uda antenna where the solid rod can be viewed as a dipole antenna shorted across its feedpoint. Parasitic elements are unpowered elements that absorb and reradiate RF energy according to the induced current calculated using such a system of equations.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: Lorentz

text: reciprocity

text: For

text: an

text: antenna

text: element

text: not

text: connected

text: to

text: anything

text: open

text: circuited

text: one

text: can

text: write

text: But

text: for

text: an

text: element

text: which

text: is

text: short

text: circuited

text: a

text: current

text: is

text: generated

text: across

text: that

text: short

text: but

text: no

text: voltage

text: is

text: allowed

text: so

text: the

text: corresponding

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: for

text: instance

text: with

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: parasitic

text: elements

text: of

text: a

text: Yagi

text: Uda

text: antenna

text: where

text: the

text: solid

text: rod

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: dipole

text: antenna

text: shorted

text: across

text: its

text: feedpoint

text: Parasitic

text: elements

text: are

text: unpowered

text: elements

text: that

text: absorb

text: and

text: reradiate

text: RF

text: energy

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: induced

text: current

text: calculated

text: using

text: such

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: equations

question: a antenna element not connected to anything is circuited how?

answer: open circuited

text: open circuited

question: When is the element not allowed voltage?

answer: short circuited

text: short circuited

question: What element absorbs and reradiate RF-energy?

answer: Parasitic

text: Parasitic

question: What antenna can the solid rod be viewed as a dipole antenna?

answer: Yagi-Uda

text: Yagi-Uda

question: Where can this solid rod be viewed?

answer: feedpoint

text: feedpoint


text: Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Thirty

text: nine

text: Native

text: American

text: tribal

text: governments

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: each

text: holding

text: limited

text: powers

text: within

text: designated

text: areas

text: While

text: Indian

text: reservations

text: typical

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: not

text: present

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: tribal

text: governments

text: hold

text: land

text: granted

text: during

text: the

text: Indian

text: Territory

text: era

text: but

text: with

text: limited

text: jurisdiction

text: and

text: no

text: control

text: over

text: state

text: governing

text: bodies

text: such

text: as

text: municipalities

text: and

text: counties

text: Tribal

text: governments

text: are

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: quasi

text: sovereign

text: entities

text: with

text: executive

text: judicial

text: and

text: legislative

text: powers

text: over

text: tribal

text: members

text: and

text: functions

text: but

text: are

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: to

text: revoke

text: or

text: withhold

text: certain

text: powers

text: The

text: tribal

text: governments

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: submit

text: a

text: constitution

text: and

text: any

text: subsequent

text: amendments

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: for

text: approval

question: How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma?

answer: Thirty-nine

text: Thirty-nine

question: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?

answer: reservations

text: reservations

question: What powers do tribal governments have?

answer: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions

text: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions

question: Who can overrule the tribal governments?

answer: the United States Congress

text: the United States Congress

question: Who must approve tribal constitutions?

answer: the United States Congress

text: the United States Congress


text: The use of such contractions is as old as Chinese characters themselves, and they have frequently been found in religious or ritual use. In the Oracle Bone script, personal names, ritual items, and even phrases such as 受又(祐) shòu yòu "receive blessings" are commonly contracted into single characters. A dramatic example is that in medieval manuscripts 菩薩 púsà "bodhisattva" (simplified: 菩萨) is sometimes written with a single character formed of a 2×2 grid of four 十 (derived from the grass radical over two 十). However, for the sake of consistency and standardization, the CPC seeks to limit the use of such polysyllabic characters in public writing to ensure that every character only has one syllable.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: such

text: contractions

text: is

text: as

text: old

text: as

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: themselves

text: and

text: they

text: have

text: frequently

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: religious

text: or

text: ritual

text: use

text: In

text: the

text: Oracle

text: Bone

text: script

text: personal

text: names

text: ritual

text: items

text: and

text: even

text: phrases

text: such

text: as

text: 受又(祐

text: shòu

text: yòu

text: receive

text: blessings

text: are

text: commonly

text: contracted

text: into

text: single

text: characters

text: A

text: dramatic

text: example

text: is

text: that

text: in

text: medieval

text: manuscripts

text: 菩薩

text: púsà

text: bodhisattva

text: simplified

text: 菩萨

text: is

text: sometimes

text: written

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: character

text: formed

text: of

text: a

text: grid

text: of

text: four

text: 十

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: grass

text: radical

text: over

text: two

text: 十

text: However

text: for

text: the

text: sake

text: of

text: consistency

text: and

text: standardization

text: the

text: CPC

text: seeks

text: to

text: limit

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: such

text: polysyllabic

text: characters

text: in

text: public

text: writing

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: every

text: character

text: only

text: has

text: one

text: syllable

question: What have been constantly found in religious or ritual use?

answer: Chinese characters

text: Chinese characters

question: What seeks to limit the use of polysyllabic characters?

answer: CPC

text: CPC

question: What is sometimes written as a single character?

answer: bodhisattva

text: bodhisattva


text: human activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In recent years development projects have started in the deserts of Algeria and Tunisia using irrigated water pumped from underground aquifers. These schemes often lead to soil degradation and salinization.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: human

text: activities

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: affect

text: the

text: habitat

text: in

text: areas

text: of

text: permanent

text: water

text: oases

text: or

text: where

text: water

text: comes

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: Here

text: the

text: local

text: pressure

text: on

text: natural

text: resources

text: can

text: be

text: intense

text: The

text: remaining

text: populations

text: of

text: large

text: mammals

text: have

text: been

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: by

text: hunting

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: recreation

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: development

text: projects

text: have

text: started

text: in

text: the

text: deserts

text: of

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: using

text: irrigated

text: water

text: pumped

text: from

text: underground

text: aquifers

text: These

text: schemes

text: often

text: lead

text: to

text: soil

text: degradation

text: and

text: salinization

question: What activities from these mammals will likely affect   habitat areas?

answer: human activities

text: human activities

question: What underground items have lead to soil degradation?

answer: irrigated water pumped

text: irrigated water pumped

question: What kind of pressure can be intense in the Sahara?

answer: natural resources

text: natural resources

question: What is least likely to affect a habitat?

text: human activities

question: Why did development projects start in Algeria and Tunisia?

text: local pressure

question: Which populations have been growing?

text: large mammals

question: Why are oases being endangered?

text: hunting for food and recreation

question: What prevents soil degradation?


text: The farmer, or specifically the small landowner-cultivator, was ranked just below scholars and officials in the social hierarchy. Other agricultural cultivators were of a lower status, such as tenants, wage laborers, and in rare cases slaves. Artisans and craftsmen had a legal and socioeconomic status between that of owner-cultivator farmers and common merchants. State-registered merchants, who were forced by law to wear white-colored clothes and pay high commercial taxes, were considered by the gentry as social parasites with a contemptible status. These were often petty shopkeepers of urban marketplaces; merchants such as industrialists and itinerant traders working between a network of cities could avoid registering as merchants and were often wealthier and more powerful than the vast majority of government officials. Wealthy landowners, such as nobles and officials, often provided lodging for retainers who provided valuable work or duties, sometimes including fighting bandits or riding into battle. Unlike slaves, retainers could come and go from their master's home as they pleased. Medical physicians, pig breeders, and butchers had a fairly high social status, while occultist diviners, runners, and messengers had low status.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: The

text: farmer

text: or

text: specifically

text: the

text: small

text: landowner

text: cultivator

text: was

text: ranked

text: just

text: below

text: scholars

text: and

text: officials

text: in

text: the

text: social

text: hierarchy

text: Other

text: agricultural

text: cultivators

text: were

text: of

text: a

text: lower

text: status

text: such

text: as

text: tenants

text: wage

text: laborers

text: and

text: in

text: rare

text: cases

text: slaves

text: Artisans

text: and

text: craftsmen

text: had

text: a

text: legal

text: and

text: socioeconomic

text: status

text: between

text: that

text: of

text: owner

text: cultivator

text: farmers

text: and

text: common

text: merchants

text: State

text: registered

text: merchants

text: who

text: were

text: forced

text: by

text: law

text: to

text: wear

text: white

text: colored

text: clothes

text: and

text: pay

text: high

text: commercial

text: taxes

text: were

text: considered

text: by

text: the

text: gentry

text: as

text: social

text: parasites

text: with

text: a

text: contemptible

text: status

text: These

text: were

text: often

text: petty

text: shopkeepers

text: of

text: urban

text: marketplaces

text: merchants

text: such

text: as

text: industrialists

text: and

text: itinerant

text: traders

text: working

text: between

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: cities

text: could

text: avoid

text: registering

text: as

text: merchants

text: and

text: were

text: often

text: wealthier

text: and

text: more

text: powerful

text: than

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: government

text: officials

text: Wealthy

text: landowners

text: such

text: as

text: nobles

text: and

text: officials

text: often

text: provided

text: lodging

text: for

text: retainers

text: who

text: provided

text: valuable

text: work

text: or

text: duties

text: sometimes

text: including

text: fighting

text: bandits

text: or

text: riding

text: into

text: battle

text: Unlike

text: slaves

text: retainers

text: could

text: come

text: and

text: go

text: from

text: their

text: master

text: 's

text: home

text: as

text: they

text: pleased

text: Medical

text: physicians

text: pig

text: breeders

text: and

text: butchers

text: had

text: a

text: fairly

text: high

text: social

text: status

text: while

text: occultist

text: diviners

text: runners

text: and

text: messengers

text: had

text: low

text: status

question: Who were considered to be below the social rank that scholars held?

answer: The farmer

text: The farmer

question: What color of clothing were merchants that had registered with the state forced to wear?

answer: white-colored

text: white-colored

question: Who would retainers in the employ of nobles occasionally have to fight?

answer: bandits

text: bandits

question: Who was commonly considered by some to be social parasites?

answer: State-registered merchants

text: State-registered merchants

question: How could a merchant prevent having to register as one?

answer: working between a network of cities

text: working between a network of cities


text: AFL Global and Ganlan Media were created in 2012 by businessman Martin E. Judge, founder and owner of the Judge Group. The company, called AFL Global, LLC, looks to introduce and launch professional Arena Football teams and franchises in various locations throughout the world (like NFL Europe). After their successful trip to China to help promote the game, they formally announced plans to further develop AFL China by the fall of 2014 by starting a comprehensive training program in May 2013 with exhibition games planned for the cities of Beijing and Guangzhou in October. This is the first time professional football of any kind will be played in China with the support of the Chinese government and the CRFA (Chinese Rugby Football Association). Key persons involved include founder and CEO. Martin E. Judge, partner Ron Jaworski, CAFL CEO Gary Morris and president David Niu. Ganlan Media has since dropped this name and will carry the league's name as its corporate identity.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: AFL

text: Global

text: and

text: Ganlan

text: Media

text: were

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: businessman

text: Martin

text: E.

text: Judge

text: founder

text: and

text: owner

text: of

text: the

text: Judge

text: Group

text: The

text: company

text: called

text: AFL

text: Global

text: LLC

text: looks

text: to

text: introduce

text: and

text: launch

text: professional

text: Arena

text: Football

text: teams

text: and

text: franchises

text: in

text: various

text: locations

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: like

text: NFL

text: Europe

text: After

text: their

text: successful

text: trip

text: to

text: China

text: to

text: help

text: promote

text: the

text: game

text: they

text: formally

text: announced

text: plans

text: to

text: further

text: develop

text: AFL

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: by

text: starting

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: training

text: program

text: in

text: May

text: with

text: exhibition

text: games

text: planned

text: for

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Beijing

text: and

text: Guangzhou

text: in

text: October

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: professional

text: football

text: of

text: any

text: kind

text: will

text: be

text: played

text: in

text: China

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: CRFA

text: Chinese

text: Rugby

text: Football

text: Association

text: Key

text: persons

text: involved

text: include

text: founder

text: and

text: CEO

text: Martin

text: E.

text: Judge

text: partner

text: Ron

text: Jaworski

text: CAFL

text: CEO

text: Gary

text: Morris

text: and

text: president

text: David

text: Niu

text: Ganlan

text: Media

text: has

text: since

text: dropped

text: this

text: name

text: and

text: will

text: carry

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: name

text: as

text: its

text: corporate

text: identity

question: Who created Ganlan Media?

answer: Martin E. Judge

text: Martin E. Judge

question: What company is Martin Judge the founder of?

answer: the Judge Group

text: the Judge Group

question: In what year was AFL Global created?

answer: 2012

question: In what month was an exhibition game planned for Guangzhou?

answer: October

text: October

question: Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the China American Football League?

answer: Gary Morris

text: Gary Morris


text: Roman literature was from its very inception influenced heavily by Greek authors. Some of the earliest works we possess are of historical epics telling the early military history of Rome. As the republic expanded, authors began to produce poetry, comedy, history, and tragedy. Virgil represents the pinnacle of Roman epic poetry. His Aeneid tells the story of flight of Aeneas from Troy and his settlement of the city that would become Rome.[citation needed] Lucretius, in his On the Nature of Things, attempted to explicate science in an epic poem. The genre of satire was common in Rome, and satires were written by, among others, Juvenal and Persius. The rhetorical works of Cicero are considered[by whom?] to be some of the best bodies of correspondence recorded in antiquity.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Roman

text: literature

text: was

text: from

text: its

text: very

text: inception

text: influenced

text: heavily

text: by

text: Greek

text: authors

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: works

text: we

text: possess

text: are

text: of

text: historical

text: epics

text: telling

text: the

text: early

text: military

text: history

text: of

text: Rome

text: As

text: the

text: republic

text: expanded

text: authors

text: began

text: to

text: produce

text: poetry

text: comedy

text: history

text: and

text: tragedy

text: Virgil

text: represents

text: the

text: pinnacle

text: of

text: Roman

text: epic

text: poetry

text: His

text: Aeneid

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: flight

text: of

text: Aeneas

text: from

text: Troy

text: and

text: his

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: that

text: would

text: become

text: Rome.[citation

text: needed

text: Lucretius

text: in

text: his

text: On

text: the

text: Nature

text: of

text: Things

text: attempted

text: to

text: explicate

text: science

text: in

text: an

text: epic

text: poem

text: The

text: genre

text: of

text: satire

text: was

text: common

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: satires

text: were

text: written

text: by

text: among

text: others

text: Juvenal

text: and

text: Persius

text: The

text: rhetorical

text: works

text: of

text: Cicero

text: are

text: considered[by

text: whom

text: to

text: be

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: bodies

text: of

text: correspondence

text: recorded

text: in

text: antiquity.[citation

text: needed

question: Who was responsible for massively affecting Roman literature?

answer: Greek authors

text: Greek authors

question: Who was the author of the epic poem Aeneid?

answer: Virgil

text: Virgil

question: What style of literature could commonly be found in Roman works?

answer: poetry

text: poetry

question: Which epic poem tells the tale of the founding of the city that one day would become Rome?

answer: Aeneid

text: Aeneid

question: What Roman poet attempted to develop science in their poetry?

answer: Lucretius

text: Lucretius


text: Due to great differences in terrain, the climate of the province is highly variable. In general it has strong monsoonal influences, with rainfall heavily concentrated in the summer. Under the Köppen climate classification, the Sichuan Basin (including Chengdu) in the eastern half of the province experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa or Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild to cool, dry and cloudy winters. Consequently, it has China's lowest sunshine totals. The western region has mountainous areas producing a cooler but sunnier climate. Having cool to very cold winters and mild summers, temperatures generally decrease with greater elevation. However, due to high altitude and its inland location, many areas such as Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan exhibit a subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc)- featuring extremely cold winters down to -30 °C and even cold summer nights. The region is geologically active with landslides and earthquakes. Average elevation ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 meters; average temperatures range from 0 to 15 °C. The southern part of the province, including Panzhihua and Xichang, has a sunny climate with short, very mild winters and very warm to hot summers.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: Due

text: to

text: great

text: differences

text: in

text: terrain

text: the

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: is

text: highly

text: variable

text: In

text: general

text: it

text: has

text: strong

text: monsoonal

text: influences

text: with

text: rainfall

text: heavily

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: Under

text: the

text: Köppen

text: climate

text: classification

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Basin

text: including

text: Chengdu

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: experiences

text: a

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Cwa

text: or

text: Cfa

text: with

text: long

text: hot

text: humid

text: summers

text: and

text: short

text: mild

text: to

text: cool

text: dry

text: and

text: cloudy

text: winters

text: Consequently

text: it

text: has

text: China

text: 's

text: lowest

text: sunshine

text: totals

text: The

text: western

text: region

text: has

text: mountainous

text: areas

text: producing

text: a

text: cooler

text: but

text: sunnier

text: climate

text: Having

text: cool

text: to

text: very

text: cold

text: winters

text: and

text: mild

text: summers

text: temperatures

text: generally

text: decrease

text: with

text: greater

text: elevation

text: However

text: due

text: to

text: high

text: altitude

text: and

text: its

text: inland

text: location

text: many

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Garze

text: County

text: and

text: Zoige

text: County

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: exhibit

text: a

text: subarctic

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Dwc)-

text: featuring

text: extremely

text: cold

text: winters

text: down

text: to

text: C

text: and

text: even

text: cold

text: summer

text: nights

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: geologically

text: active

text: with

text: landslides

text: and

text: earthquakes

text: Average

text: elevation

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: meters

text: average

text: temperatures

text: range

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: The

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: including

text: Panzhihua

text: and

text: Xichang

text: has

text: a

text: sunny

text: climate

text: with

text: short

text: very

text: mild

text: winters

text: and

text: very

text: warm

text: to

text: hot

text: summers

question: What climate classification does the Sichuan Basin hold?

answer: humid subtropical climate

text: humid subtropical climate

question: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?

answer: the Sichuan Basin

text: the Sichuan Basin

question: Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan experience what kind of climate?

answer: subarctic climate

text: subarctic climate

question: What is the range of average elevation in the Sichuan Basin?

answer: 2,000 to 3,500 meters

text: 2,000 to 3,500 meters

question: What is the range of average temperature in the Sichuan Basin?

answer: 0 to 15 °C

text: 0 to 15 °C

question: What basin area has a humid tropical climate?

text: Sichuan Basin

question: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?

text: Sichuan Basin

question: What two counties have an arctic climate?

text: Garze County and Zoige County

question: Whare is the average elevation 2,000 tp 3.000 miles?

text: Garze County and Zoige County

question: What climate classification does the Garze Basin hold?

text: humid subtropical climate

question: What area of China has the least amount of earthquakes?

text: Sichuan Basin

question: What kind of climate does Koppen County in Sichuan experience?

text: subarctic climate

question: What is the range of average elevation in the Garze Basin?

text: 2,000 to 3,500 meters

question: What is the range of average temperature in the Garze Basin?

text: 0 to 15 °C


text: Starting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and materials for construction were introduced, the landscape changed as the city grew in width and height. The Great Fire of 1892 destroyed most of the downtown core, and most residential and other wood-frame buildings date from this period.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: Starting

text: as

text: a

text: fishing

text: outpost

text: for

text: European

text: fishermen

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: consisted

text: mostly

text: of

text: the

text: homes

text: of

text: fishermen

text: sheds

text: storage

text: shacks

text: and

text: wharves

text: constructed

text: out

text: of

text: wood

text: Like

text: many

text: other

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: took

text: hold

text: and

text: new

text: methods

text: and

text: materials

text: for

text: construction

text: were

text: introduced

text: the

text: landscape

text: changed

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: grew

text: in

text: width

text: and

text: height

text: The

text: Great

text: Fire

text: of

text: destroyed

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: downtown

text: core

text: and

text: most

text: residential

text: and

text: other

text: wood

text: frame

text: buildings

text: date

text: from

text: this

text: period

question: What are wharves in St. John's constructed out of?

answer: wood

text: wood

question: In what year was the Great Fire?

answer: 1892

question: What was the most affected area of The Great Fire of 1892?

answer: downtown core

text: downtown core

question: What started as fishing outpost for Settlers?

text: St. John's

question: what destroyed the city in the 18th century?

text: Great Fire

question: What type of buildings date to the Industrial revolution?


text: Nigeria's human rights record remains poor; According to the US Department of State, the most significant human rights problems are: use of excessive force by security forces; impunity for abuses by security forces; arbitrary arrests; prolonged pretrial detention; judicial corruption and executive influence on the judiciary; rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of prisoners, detainees and suspects; harsh and life‑threatening prison and detention centre conditions; human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution and forced labour; societal violence and vigilante killings; child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation; female genital mutilation (FGM); domestic violence; discrimination based on sex, ethnicity, region and religion.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: human

text: rights

text: record

text: remains

text: poor

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: Department

text: of

text: State

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: human

text: rights

text: problems

text: are

text: use

text: of

text: excessive

text: force

text: by

text: security

text: forces

text: impunity

text: for

text: abuses

text: by

text: security

text: forces

text: arbitrary

text: arrests

text: prolonged

text: pretrial

text: detention

text: judicial

text: corruption

text: and

text: executive

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: judiciary

text: rape

text: torture

text: and

text: other

text: cruel

text: inhuman

text: or

text: degrading

text: treatment

text: of

text: prisoners

text: detainees

text: and

text: suspects

text: harsh

text: and

text: life‑threatening

text: prison

text: and

text: detention

text: centre

text: conditions

text: human

text: trafficking

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: prostitution

text: and

text: forced

text: labour

text: societal

text: violence

text: and

text: vigilante

text: killings

text: child

text: labour

text: child

text: abuse

text: and

text: child

text: sexual

text: exploitation

text: female

text: genital

text: mutilation

text: FGM

text: domestic

text: violence

text: discrimination

text: based

text: on

text: sex

text: ethnicity

text: region

text: and

text: religion

question: How are Nigerian prisoners mistreated?

answer: rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment

text: rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment

question: What are the conditions like in Nigerian prisons?

answer: harsh and life‑threatening

text: harsh and life‑threatening

question: How are children mistreated in Nigeria?

answer: child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation

text: child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation

question: What types of discrimination are common in Nigeria?

answer: sex, ethnicity, region and religion

text: sex, ethnicity, region and religion


text: The 2011 declaration by Russia that it would not turn its clocks back and stay in DST all year long was subsequently followed by a similar declaration from Belarus. The plan generated widespread complaints due to the dark of wintertime morning, and thus was abandoned in 2014. The country changed its clocks to Standard Time on 26 October 2014 - and intends to stay there permanently.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: declaration

text: by

text: Russia

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: not

text: turn

text: its

text: clocks

text: back

text: and

text: stay

text: in

text: DST

text: all

text: year

text: long

text: was

text: subsequently

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: similar

text: declaration

text: from

text: Belarus

text: The

text: plan

text: generated

text: widespread

text: complaints

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: dark

text: of

text: wintertime

text: morning

text: and

text: thus

text: was

text: abandoned

text: in

text: The

text: country

text: changed

text: its

text: clocks

text: to

text: Standard

text: Time

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: intends

text: to

text: stay

text: there

text: permanently

question: What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back?

answer: 2011

question: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year?

answer: Belarus

text: Belarus

question: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time?

answer: 2014


text: The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed]

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: The

text: domination

text: of

text: Estonia

text: after

text: the

text: Northern

text: Crusades

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: by

text: Denmark

text: Germany

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Russia

text: delayed

text: indigenous

text: literacy

text: in

text: Estonia.[citation

text: needed

question: When did the Northern Crusades happen?

answer: 13th century to 1918

text: 13th century to 1918

question: Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades?

answer: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia

text: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia

question: Following the crusades which country was dominated?

answer: Estonia

text: Estonia

question: What did the aftermath of the crusades end up delaying in Estonia?

answer: indigenous literacy

text: indigenous literacy

question: When didn't the Northern Crusades happen?

text: 13th century to 1918

question: Which countries didn't take part in the Northern Crusades?

text: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia

question: Following the crusades which country was not dominated?

text: Estonia

question: What did the aftermath of the crusades end up beginning in Estonia?

text: indigenous literacy

question: What country was involved in the Eastern Crusades?

text: Estonia


text: The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greeks called themselves Romioi and considered themselves the political heirs of Rome, but at least by the 12th century a growing number of those educated, deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well, although for most of the Greek speakers, "Hellene" still meant pagan. On the eve of the Fall of Constantinople the Last Emperor urged his soldiers to remember that they were the descendants of Greeks and Romans.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: The

text: terms

text: used

text: to

text: define

text: Greekness

text: have

text: varied

text: throughout

text: history

text: but

text: were

text: never

text: limited

text: or

text: completely

text: identified

text: with

text: membership

text: to

text: a

text: Greek

text: state

text: By

text: Western

text: standards

text: the

text: term

text: Greeks

text: has

text: traditionally

text: referred

text: to

text: any

text: native

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: language

text: whether

text: Mycenaean

text: Byzantine

text: or

text: modern

text: Greek

text: Byzantine

text: Greeks

text: called

text: themselves

text: Romioi

text: and

text: considered

text: themselves

text: the

text: political

text: heirs

text: of

text: Rome

text: but

text: at

text: least

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: growing

text: number

text: of

text: those

text: educated

text: deemed

text: themselves

text: the

text: heirs

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: as

text: well

text: although

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: speakers

text: Hellene

text: still

text: meant

text: pagan

text: On

text: the

text: eve

text: of

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: the

text: Last

text: Emperor

text: urged

text: his

text: soldiers

text: to

text: remember

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: Greeks

text: and

text: Romans

question: What do Westerners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage ?

answer: Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek.

text: Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek.

question: What do the Grecian Romioi  descendants of the Constantine rule  believe to be true in regards to the status as beneficiaries ?

answer: considered themselves the political heirs of Rome

text: considered themselves the political heirs of Rome

question: What other cultures do the Romioi  clam to be their birthright ?

answer: deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well

text: deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well

question: What is an alternative word used by Greeks to mean those who worship and alternative religion to the mainstreams ?

answer: Hellene" still meant pagan

text: Hellene" still meant pagan

question: What do Easterners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage

question: What do the Grecian Romioi descendants of the Constantine rule believe to be false in regards to the status as beneficiaries

text: political heirs of Rome

question: What other cultures do the Romioi clam to not be their birthright

text: political heirs of Rome

question: What is an alternative word used by Greeks to mean those who don't worship and alternative religion to the mainstreams

text: Hellene