text: In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at a higher stocking rate. Poultry can also be kept in a barn system, with no access to the open air, but with the ability to move around freely inside the building. The most intensive system for egg-laying chickens is battery cages, often set in multiple tiers. In these, several birds share a small cage which restricts their ability to move around and behave in a normal manner. The eggs are laid on the floor of the cage and roll into troughs outside for ease of collection. Battery cages for hens have been illegal in the EU since January 1, 2012.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: In

text: free

text: range

text: husbandry

text: the

text: birds

text: can

text: roam

text: freely

text: outdoors

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: Often

text: this

text: is

text: in

text: large

text: enclosures

text: but

text: the

text: birds

text: have

text: access

text: to

text: natural

text: conditions

text: and

text: can

text: exhibit

text: their

text: normal

text: behaviours

text: A

text: more

text: intensive

text: system

text: is

text: yarding

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: birds

text: have

text: access

text: to

text: a

text: fenced

text: yard

text: and

text: poultry

text: house

text: at

text: a

text: higher

text: stocking

text: rate

text: Poultry

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: kept

text: in

text: a

text: barn

text: system

text: with

text: no

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: open

text: air

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: move

text: around

text: freely

text: inside

text: the

text: building

text: The

text: most

text: intensive

text: system

text: for

text: egg

text: laying

text: chickens

text: is

text: battery

text: cages

text: often

text: set

text: in

text: multiple

text: tiers

text: In

text: these

text: several

text: birds

text: share

text: a

text: small

text: cage

text: which

text: restricts

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: move

text: around

text: and

text: behave

text: in

text: a

text: normal

text: manner

text: The

text: eggs

text: are

text: laid

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: cage

text: and

text: roll

text: into

text: troughs

text: outside

text: for

text: ease

text: of

text: collection

text: Battery

text: cages

text: for

text: hens

text: have

text: been

text: illegal

text: in

text: the

text: EU

text: since

text: January

question: What is the benefit to chickens of being in a free-range farming location?

answer: the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours

text: the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours

question: What is yarding in relation to the pultry industry?

answer: birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at a higher stocking rate

text: birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at a higher stocking rate

question: What is the most intensive type of enclosure system used in the poultry business?

answer: battery cages, often set in multiple tiers

text: battery cages, often set in multiple tiers

question: How are eggs collected in teh battery cage system?

answer: The eggs are laid on the floor of the cage and roll into troughs outside for ease of collection

text: The eggs are laid on the floor of the cage and roll into troughs outside for ease of collection

question: What is the benefit to chickens of being in a caged location?

question: What is yarding in relation to the pottery industry?

question: What is the only type of enclosure system used in the poultry business?

question: How are eggs destroyed in the battery cage system?

question: When did battery cages become the only way to house hens?

text: January 1, 2012


text: In the medieval Middle Eastern world, the physicist and Islamic scholar, Al-Farabi (Alpharabius, 872–950), conducted a small experiment concerning the existence of vacuum, in which he investigated handheld plungers in water.[unreliable source?] He concluded that air's volume can expand to fill available space, and he suggested that the concept of perfect vacuum was incoherent. However, according to Nader El-Bizri, the physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen, 965–1039) and the Mu'tazili theologians disagreed with Aristotle and Al-Farabi, and they supported the existence of a void. Using geometry, Ibn al-Haytham mathematically demonstrated that place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body. According to Ahmad Dallal, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī also states that "there is no observable evidence that rules out the possibility of vacuum". The suction pump later appeared in Europe from the 15th century.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: In

text: the

text: medieval

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: world

text: the

text: physicist

text: and

text: Islamic

text: scholar

text: Al

text: Farabi

text: Alpharabius

text: conducted

text: a

text: small

text: experiment

text: concerning

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: vacuum

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: investigated

text: handheld

text: plungers

text: in

text: water.[unreliable

text: source

text: He

text: concluded

text: that

text: air

text: 's

text: volume

text: can

text: expand

text: to

text: fill

text: available

text: space

text: and

text: he

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: perfect

text: vacuum

text: was

text: incoherent

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: Nader

text: El

text: Bizri

text: the

text: physicist

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: Alhazen

text: and

text: the

text: Mu'tazili

text: theologians

text: disagreed

text: with

text: Aristotle

text: and

text: Al

text: Farabi

text: and

text: they

text: supported

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: void

text: Using

text: geometry

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: mathematically

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: place

text: al

text: makan

text: is

text: the

text: imagined

text: three

text: dimensional

text: void

text: between

text: the

text: inner

text: surfaces

text: of

text: a

text: containing

text: body

text: According

text: to

text: Ahmad

text: Dallal

text: Abū

text: Rayhān

text: al

text: Bīrūnī

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: observable

text: evidence

text: that

text: rules

text: out

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: vacuum

text: The

text: suction

text: pump

text: later

text: appeared

text: in

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: century

question: Al-Farabi concluded a perfect vacuum was incoherent using what?

answer: handheld plungers in water.

text: handheld plungers in water.

question: Ibn al-Haytham used geometry to demonstrate  what?

answer: place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body

text: place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body

question: who stated that there was no evidence to rule out a vacuum?

answer: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

text: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

question: what did Al-Farabi say expanded to fill available space

answer: air's volume

text: air's volume

question: What type of pump appeared in the 15th century?

answer: suction pump

text: suction pump

question: What was Aristotle able to demonstrate about place?

question: In what century did Aristotle develop the suction pump?

text: 15th century

question: What did Aristotle investigate to test the existence of a vacuum?

text: handheld plungers in water

question: What did Aristotle suggest about the concept of a perfect vacuum after his experiment?

question: What did Aristotle state there was no evidence to rule out?

text: the possibility of vacuum


text: Assuming the player's optical pickup is in proper working order, crosstalk distortion normally does not occur during playback of CAV format LaserDiscs, as the rotational speed never varies. However, if the player calibration is out of order or if the CAV disc is faulty or damaged, other problems affecting tracking accuracy can occur. One such problem is "laser lock", where the player reads the same two fields for a given frame over and over again, causing the picture to look frozen as if the movie were paused.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Assuming

text: the

text: player

text: 's

text: optical

text: pickup

text: is

text: in

text: proper

text: working

text: order

text: crosstalk

text: distortion

text: normally

text: does

text: not

text: occur

text: during

text: playback

text: of

text: CAV

text: format

text: LaserDiscs

text: as

text: the

text: rotational

text: speed

text: never

text: varies

text: However

text: if

text: the

text: player

text: calibration

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: order

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: CAV

text: disc

text: is

text: faulty

text: or

text: damaged

text: other

text: problems

text: affecting

text: tracking

text: accuracy

text: can

text: occur

text: One

text: such

text: problem

text: is

text: laser

text: lock

text: where

text: the

text: player

text: reads

text: the

text: same

text: two

text: fields

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: frame

text: over

text: and

text: over

text: again

text: causing

text: the

text: picture

text: to

text: look

text: frozen

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: movie

text: were

text: paused

question: In which format does crosstalk generally not occur?

answer: CAV

text: CAV

question: Why does the CAV format prevent crosstalk?

answer: the rotational speed never varies

text: the rotational speed never varies

question: What happens during "laser lock"?

answer: the player reads the same two fields for a given frame over and over again, causing the picture to look frozen

text: the player reads the same two fields for a given frame over and over again, causing the picture to look frozen


text: Many sleeping birds bend their heads over their backs and tuck their bills in their back feathers, although others place their beaks among their breast feathers. Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather. Perching birds have a tendon locking mechanism that helps them hold on to the perch when they are asleep. Many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost in trees. A few parrots of the genus Loriculus roost hanging upside down. Some hummingbirds go into a nightly state of torpor accompanied with a reduction of their metabolic rates. This physiological adaptation shows in nearly a hundred other species, including owlet-nightjars, nightjars, and woodswallows. One species, the common poorwill, even enters a state of hibernation. Birds do not have sweat glands, but they may cool themselves by moving to shade, standing in water, panting, increasing their surface area, fluttering their throat or by using special behaviours like urohidrosis to cool themselves.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Many

text: sleeping

text: birds

text: bend

text: their

text: heads

text: over

text: their

text: backs

text: and

text: tuck

text: their

text: bills

text: in

text: their

text: back

text: feathers

text: although

text: others

text: place

text: their

text: beaks

text: among

text: their

text: breast

text: feathers

text: Many

text: birds

text: rest

text: on

text: one

text: leg

text: while

text: some

text: may

text: pull

text: up

text: their

text: legs

text: into

text: their

text: feathers

text: especially

text: in

text: cold

text: weather

text: Perching

text: birds

text: have

text: a

text: tendon

text: locking

text: mechanism

text: that

text: helps

text: them

text: hold

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: perch

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: asleep

text: Many

text: ground

text: birds

text: such

text: as

text: quails

text: and

text: pheasants

text: roost

text: in

text: trees

text: A

text: few

text: parrots

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Loriculus

text: roost

text: hanging

text: upside

text: down

text: Some

text: hummingbirds

text: go

text: into

text: a

text: nightly

text: state

text: of

text: torpor

text: accompanied

text: with

text: a

text: reduction

text: of

text: their

text: metabolic

text: rates

text: This

text: physiological

text: adaptation

text: shows

text: in

text: nearly

text: a

text: hundred

text: other

text: species

text: including

text: owlet

text: nightjars

text: nightjars

text: and

text: woodswallows

text: One

text: species

text: the

text: common

text: poorwill

text: even

text: enters

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: hibernation

text: Birds

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: sweat

text: glands

text: but

text: they

text: may

text: cool

text: themselves

text: by

text: moving

text: to

text: shade

text: standing

text: in

text: water

text: panting

text: increasing

text: their

text: surface

text: area

text: fluttering

text: their

text: throat

text: or

text: by

text: using

text: special

text: behaviours

text: like

text: urohidrosis

text: to

text: cool

text: themselves

question: These types of birds have a tendon locking mechanism.

answer: Perching birds

text: Perching birds

question: Where do many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost?

answer: in trees

text: in trees

question: A few parrots of what genus roost hanging upside down?

answer: Loriculus

text: Loriculus

question: What type of birds go into a nightly state of torpor?

answer: Some hummingbirds

text: Some hummingbirds

question: Birds do not have what type of glands:?

answer: sweat

text: sweat


text: Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Literary analysis of it is sparse, considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, "an astonishing phenomenon". In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die". It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Reaction

text: to

text: the

text: novel

text: varied

text: widely

text: upon

text: publication

text: Literary

text: analysis

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: sparse

text: considering

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: copies

text: sold

text: and

text: its

text: widespread

text: use

text: in

text: education

text: Author

text: Mary

text: McDonough

text: Murphy

text: who

text: collected

text: individual

text: impressions

text: of

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: by

text: several

text: authors

text: and

text: public

text: figures

text: calls

text: the

text: book

text: an

text: astonishing

text: phenomenon

text: In

text: British

text: librarians

text: ranked

text: the

text: book

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: as

text: one

text: every

text: adult

text: should

text: read

text: before

text: they

text: die

text: It

text: was

text: adapted

text: into

text: an

text: Oscar

text: winning

text: film

text: in

text: by

text: director

text: Robert

text: Mulligan

text: with

text: a

text: screenplay

text: by

text: Horton

text: Foote

text: Since

text: a

text: play

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: novel

text: has

text: been

text: performed

text: annually

text: in

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: 's

text: hometown

text: of

text: Monroeville

text: Alabama

question: Who gathered impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird from other authors and famous people?

answer: Mary McDonough Murphy

text: Mary McDonough Murphy

question: In which year did British librarians rank To Kill a Mockingbird ahead of the Bible?

answer: 2006

question: When was To Kill a Mockingbird made into a movie?

answer: 1962

question: When did a play for the book begin to perform every year in Monroeville, Alabama?

answer: 1990

question: Who was the director of the adaptation of the movie?

answer: Robert Mulligan

text: Robert Mulligan

question: British librarians in 2006 ranked the book ahead of what famous volume?

answer: Bible

text: Bible

question: Who wrote the screenplay for the 1962 film?

answer: Horton Foote

text: Horton Foote

question: Who directed the 1962 film?

answer: Robert Mulligan

text: Robert Mulligan

question: What is Harper Lee's hometown?

answer: Monroeville, Alabama

text: Monroeville, Alabama


text: Apollo as a handsome beardless young man, is often depicted with a kithara (as Apollo Citharoedus) or bow in his hand, or reclining on a tree (the Apollo Lykeios and Apollo Sauroctonos types). The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century. The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: Apollo

text: as

text: a

text: handsome

text: beardless

text: young

text: man

text: is

text: often

text: depicted

text: with

text: a

text: kithara

text: as

text: Apollo

text: Citharoedus

text: or

text: bow

text: in

text: his

text: hand

text: or

text: reclining

text: on

text: a

text: tree

text: the

text: Apollo

text: Lykeios

text: and

text: Apollo

text: Sauroctonos

text: types

text: The

text: Apollo

text: Belvedere

text: is

text: a

text: marble

text: sculpture

text: that

text: was

text: rediscovered

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: for

text: centuries

text: it

text: epitomized

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: Classical

text: Antiquity

text: for

text: Europeans

text: from

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: marble

text: is

text: a

text: Hellenistic

text: or

text: Roman

text: copy

text: of

text: a

text: bronze

text: original

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: sculptor

text: Leochares

text: made

text: between

text: and

text: BCE

question: Who is often depicted with a kithara or bow in his hand?

answer: Apollo

text: Apollo

question: What is the name of a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century?

answer: The Apollo Belvedere

text: The Apollo Belvedere

question: Who made the Apollo Belvedere?

answer: Leochares

text: Leochares

question: When did Leochares make The Apollo Belvedere?

answer: between 350 and 325 BCE

text: between 350 and 325 BCE


text: The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites), also known as the White Huns, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia during the late antiquity period. The White Huns established themselves in modern-day Afghanistan by the first half of the 5th century. Led by the Hun military leader Toramana, they overran the northern region of Pakistan and North India. Toramana's son Mihirakula, a Saivite Hindu, moved up to near Pataliputra to the east and Gwalior to the central India. Hiuen Tsiang narrates Mihirakula's merciless persecution of Buddhists and destruction of monasteries, though the description is disputed as far as the authenticity is concerned. The Huns were defeated by the Indian kings Yasodharman of Malwa and Narasimhagupta in the 6th century. Some of them were driven out of India and others were assimilated in the Indian society.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Hephthalites

text: or

text: Ephthalites

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: White

text: Huns

text: were

text: a

text: nomadic

text: confederation

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: antiquity

text: period

text: The

text: White

text: Huns

text: established

text: themselves

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Afghanistan

text: by

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Led

text: by

text: the

text: Hun

text: military

text: leader

text: Toramana

text: they

text: overran

text: the

text: northern

text: region

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: North

text: India

text: Toramana

text: 's

text: son

text: Mihirakula

text: a

text: Saivite

text: Hindu

text: moved

text: up

text: to

text: near

text: Pataliputra

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Gwalior

text: to

text: the

text: central

text: India

text: Hiuen

text: Tsiang

text: narrates

text: Mihirakula

text: 's

text: merciless

text: persecution

text: of

text: Buddhists

text: and

text: destruction

text: of

text: monasteries

text: though

text: the

text: description

text: is

text: disputed

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: the

text: authenticity

text: is

text: concerned

text: The

text: Huns

text: were

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: kings

text: Yasodharman

text: of

text: Malwa

text: and

text: Narasimhagupta

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Some

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: driven

text: out

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: others

text: were

text: assimilated

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: society

question: What type of trib were the Hephthalites?

answer: nomadic confederation

text: nomadic confederation

question: Where did the White Huns roam?

answer: Central Asia

text: Central Asia

question: In what country did the White Huns settle?

answer: Afghanistan

text: Afghanistan

question: What lands did the White Huns take in the 5th century?

answer: Pakistan and North India

text: Pakistan and North India


text: Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesrat and in the Council of the European Union. The lower house of a federal legislature is usually directly elected, with apportionment in proportion to population, although states may sometimes still be guaranteed a certain minimum number of seats.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Alternatively

text: or

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: this

text: practice

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: an

text: upper

text: house

text: may

text: be

text: indirectly

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: or

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: component

text: states

text: as

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: prior

text: to

text: or

text: be

text: actual

text: members

text: or

text: delegates

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: governments

text: as

text: for

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Bundesrat

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: lower

text: house

text: of

text: a

text: federal

text: legislature

text: is

text: usually

text: directly

text: elected

text: with

text: apportionment

text: in

text: proportion

text: to

text: population

text: although

text: states

text: may

text: sometimes

text: still

text: be

text: guaranteed

text: a

text: certain

text: minimum

text: number

text: of

text: seats

question: Who can elect the members of the upper house?

answer: government or legislature

text: government or legislature

question: Can the members of the upper house be elected directly or indirectly?

answer: indirectly

text: indirectly

question: Can the members of the lower house be elected directly or indirectly?

answer: directly

text: directly

question: Who can't elect the members of the upper house?

text: government or legislature

question: Who can elect the leaders of the upper house?

text: government or legislature

question: Can the members of the upper house be impeached directly or indirectly?

text: indirectly elected

question: Can the members of the lower house be impeached directly or indirectly?

text: directly elected

question: Can the citizens of the lower house be elected directly or indirectly?

text: directly elected


text: The Western family includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern category. The two languages of the Western group were linguistically very close to each other, but quite distinct from their eastern counterparts. On the other hand, the Eastern group was an areal entity whose languages retained some similarity to Avestan. They were inscribed in various Aramaic-derived alphabets which had ultimately evolved from the Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script, though Bactrian was written using an adapted Greek script.

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: The

text: Western

text: family

text: includes

text: Parthian

text: Arsacid

text: Pahlavi

text: and

text: Middle

text: Persian

text: while

text: Bactrian

text: Sogdian

text: Khwarezmian

text: Saka

text: and

text: Old

text: Ossetic

text: Scytho

text: Sarmatian

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: Eastern

text: category

text: The

text: two

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: group

text: were

text: linguistically

text: very

text: close

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: but

text: quite

text: distinct

text: from

text: their

text: eastern

text: counterparts

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: Eastern

text: group

text: was

text: an

text: areal

text: entity

text: whose

text: languages

text: retained

text: some

text: similarity

text: to

text: Avestan

text: They

text: were

text: inscribed

text: in

text: various

text: Aramaic

text: derived

text: alphabets

text: which

text: had

text: ultimately

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Imperial

text: Aramaic

text: script

text: though

text: Bactrian

text: was

text: written

text: using

text: an

text: adapted

text: Greek

text: script

question: Bactrian, Sogdian, and Saka are examples of what type of Iranian language?

answer: Eastern

text: Eastern

question: Which language bears a resemblance to the diversity of eastern Iranian languages?

answer: Avestan

text: Avestan

question: Where did the the alphabets used by eastern languages come from?

answer: Aramaic

text: Aramaic

question: What did the Bactrian language use for writing?

answer: Greek script

text: Greek script

question: What family includes party on an Old Persian?

text: The Western family

question: What family includes Bactrain, Sogdian and old Iranian?

text: Eastern

question: Where did the alphabet used by Western languages come from?

text: Aramaic

question: What script was used for Persian rating?

text: Greek script


text: West has additionally appeared and participated in many fundraisers, benefit concerts, and has done community work for Hurricane Katrina relief, the Kanye West Foundation, the Millions More Movement, 100 Black Men of America, a Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally and march, Nike runs, and a MTV special helping young Iraq War veterans who struggle through debt and PTSD a second chance after returning home.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: has

text: additionally

text: appeared

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: many

text: fundraisers

text: benefit

text: concerts

text: and

text: has

text: done

text: community

text: work

text: for

text: Hurricane

text: Katrina

text: relief

text: the

text: Kanye

text: West

text: Foundation

text: the

text: Millions

text: More

text: Movement

text: Black

text: Men

text: of

text: America

text: a

text: Live

text: Earth

text: concert

text: benefit

text: World

text: Water

text: Day

text: rally

text: and

text: march

text: Nike

text: runs

text: and

text: a

text: MTV

text: special

text: helping

text: young

text: Iraq

text: War

text: veterans

text: who

text: struggle

text: through

text: debt

text: and

text: PTSD

text: a

text: second

text: chance

text: after

text: returning

text: home

question: What are some charitable efforts Kanye west has participated in?

answer: 100 Black Men of America, a Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally

text: 100 Black Men of America, a Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally


text: The creation of the public sphere has been associated with two long-term historical trends: the rise of the modern nation state and the rise of capitalism. The modern nation state, in its consolidation of public power, created by counterpoint a private realm of society independent of the state, which allowed for the public sphere. Capitalism also increased society's autonomy and self-awareness, and an increasing need for the exchange of information. As the nascent public sphere expanded, it embraced a large variety of institutions; the most commonly cited were coffee houses and cafés, salons and the literary public sphere, figuratively localized in the Republic of Letters. In France, the creation of the public sphere was helped by the aristocracy's move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris in about 1720, since their rich spending stimulated the trade in luxuries and artistic creations, especially fine paintings.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: two

text: long

text: term

text: historical

text: trends

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: nation

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: capitalism

text: The

text: modern

text: nation

text: state

text: in

text: its

text: consolidation

text: of

text: public

text: power

text: created

text: by

text: counterpoint

text: a

text: private

text: realm

text: of

text: society

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: which

text: allowed

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: Capitalism

text: also

text: increased

text: society

text: 's

text: autonomy

text: and

text: self

text: awareness

text: and

text: an

text: increasing

text: need

text: for

text: the

text: exchange

text: of

text: information

text: As

text: the

text: nascent

text: public

text: sphere

text: expanded

text: it

text: embraced

text: a

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: institutions

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: cited

text: were

text: coffee

text: houses

text: and

text: cafés

text: salons

text: and

text: the

text: literary

text: public

text: sphere

text: figuratively

text: localized

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Letters

text: In

text: France

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: was

text: helped

text: by

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: 's

text: move

text: from

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: palace

text: at

text: Versailles

text: to

text: Paris

text: in

text: about

text: since

text: their

text: rich

text: spending

text: stimulated

text: the

text: trade

text: in

text: luxuries

text: and

text: artistic

text: creations

text: especially

text: fine

text: paintings

question: The creation of the public sphere is associated with the rise of capitalism and which other historical trend?

answer: rise of the modern nation state

text: rise of the modern nation state

question: What increased society's autonomy, self-awareness, and need for exchange of information?

answer: Capitalism

text: Capitalism

question: In what year did the aristocracy move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris?

answer: 1720


text: Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area (population 3,734,090, area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2), a 2010 United States Census) six-county metropolitan statistical area (2010 Census population of 4,296,250, area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2]), and a nine-county Combined Statistical Area (2010 Census population of 5,218,852, area of 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2]). The Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000. The Detroit metropolitan region holds roughly one-half of Michigan's population.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Detroit

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: a

text: three

text: county

text: urban

text: area

text: population

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: a

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: six

text: county

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: Census

text: population

text: of

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: and

text: a

text: nine

text: county

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: Census

text: population

text: of

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: The

text: Detroit

text: Windsor

text: area

text: a

text: commercial

text: link

text: straddling

text: the

text: Canada

text: U.S.

text: border

text: has

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: The

text: Detroit

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: holds

text: roughly

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: population

question: How much of Michigan's population resides in the Detroit metropolitan area?

answer: one-half

text: one-half

question: How big is the population of the Detroit-Windsor area?

answer: 5,700,000

question: How many square miles is is Detroit's urban area?

answer: 1,337 square miles

text: 1,337 square miles

question: In which census are these numbers coming from?

answer: 2010


text: The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: The

text: languages

text: of

text: Italy

text: are

text: primarily

text: Latin

text: based

text: Romance

text: languages

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: languages

text: falling

text: within

text: the

text: Italo

text: Dalmatian

text: language

text: family

text: This

text: wide

text: category

text: includes

question: What language family do most of the languages of Italy belong to?

answer: Italo-Dalmatian

text: Italo-Dalmatian

question: What language are most languages of Italy derived from?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to?

answer: Romance

text: Romance

question: Which family do the least widely spoken languages fall into?

text: Italo-Dalmatian language family

question: What type of languages are the languages of Italo-Dalmation?

text: Latin-based Romance

question: Which languages are primarily Dalmation languages?

text: Latin-based Romance

question: Romance languages are the primary language of which family?

text: Italo-Dalmatian


text: The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: discovery

text: of

text: new

text: maritime

text: trade

text: routes

text: by

text: Western

text: European

text: states

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: trade

text: monopoly

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Cape

text: of

text: Good

text: Hope

text: in

text: initiated

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: Portuguese

text: naval

text: wars

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Somali

text: Muslim

text: Ajuran

text: Empire

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: defied

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: economic

text: monopoly

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: by

text: employing

text: a

text: new

text: coinage

text: which

text: followed

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: pattern

text: thus

text: proclaiming

text: an

text: attitude

text: of

text: economic

text: independence

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: Portuguese

question: Avoiding the strength of Ottoman trade was accomplished with the discovery of what?

answer: new maritime trade routes

text: new maritime trade routes

question: What did the Portuguese discover in 1488?

answer: the Cape of Good Hope

text: the Cape of Good Hope

question: Where did the Ottoman and Portuguese have Naval wars in the 16th century?

answer: the Indian Ocean

text: the Indian Ocean

question: Who did the Ottomans ally with in the Indian Ocean?

answer: The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire

text: The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire

question: New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?

answer: the Portuguese

text: the Portuguese


text: In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipped control, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 mid-term elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's Seventh Congressional District seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10-3 in favor of the GOP.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: elected

text: a

text: Republican

text: Governor

text: Pat

text: McCrory

text: and

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: Dan

text: Forest

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: decades

text: while

text: also

text: giving

text: the

text: Republicans

text: veto

text: proof

text: majorities

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: State

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: and

text: the

text: State

text: Senate

text: Several

text: U.S.

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: seats

text: also

text: flipped

text: control

text: with

text: the

text: Republicans

text: holding

text: nine

text: seats

text: to

text: the

text: Democrats

text: four

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: term

text: elections

text: Republican

text: David

text: Rouzer

text: won

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: Seventh

text: Congressional

text: District

text: seat

text: increasing

text: the

text: congressional

text: delegation

text: party

text: split

text: to

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: GOP

question: Who was elected Governor of North Carolina in 2012?

answer: Pat McCrory

text: Pat McCrory

question: What political party does Pat McCrory belong to?

answer: Republican

text: Republican

question: Who ws elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 2012?

answer: Dan Forest

text: Dan Forest

question: What political party does Dan Forest belong to?

answer: Republican

text: Republican

question: Who won North Carolinas 7th congressional district seat in 2014?

answer: David Rouzer

text: David Rouzer


text: A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps. This works both ways across the alps but is more efficient if blowing from the south due to the steeper step for oncoming wind from the south. Valleys running south to north trigger the best effect. The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: A

text: weather

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: föhn

text: with

text: an

text: identical

text: effect

text: to

text: the

text: chinook

text: wind

text: can

text: occur

text: at

text: all

text: times

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: is

text: characterised

text: by

text: an

text: unexpectedly

text: warm

text: wind

text: bringing

text: air

text: of

text: very

text: low

text: relative

text: humidity

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: during

text: rainfall

text: periods

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: This

text: works

text: both

text: ways

text: across

text: the

text: alps

text: but

text: is

text: more

text: efficient

text: if

text: blowing

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: steeper

text: step

text: for

text: oncoming

text: wind

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: Valleys

text: running

text: south

text: to

text: north

text: trigger

text: the

text: best

text: effect

text: The

text: driest

text: conditions

text: persist

text: in

text: all

text: inner

text: alpine

text: valleys

text: that

text: receive

text: less

text: rain

text: because

text: arriving

text: clouds

text: lose

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: their

text: content

text: while

text: crossing

text: the

text: mountains

text: before

text: reaching

text: these

text: areas

text: Large

text: alpine

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Graubünden

text: remain

text: drier

text: than

text: pre

text: alpine

text: areas

text: and

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: main

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: Valais

text: wine

text: grapes

text: are

text: grown

text: there

question: What is the weather phenomena characterized by an unexpected warm wind bringing low reletive humidity to the northern Alps during rainfall in the southern Alps?

answer: föhn

text: föhn

question: At what time of year can the fohn occur?

answer: all times

text: all times

question: Where do clouds lose most of their content before getting to the inner alpine valleys?

answer: crossing the mountains

text: crossing the mountains

question: What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais?

answer: wine

text: wine

question: During the fohn, from which direction is the blowing wind more efficient?

answer: the south

text: the south


text: According to the Sichuan Department of Commerce, the province's total foreign trade was US$22.04 billion in 2008, with an annual increase of 53.3 percent. Exports were US$13.1 billion, an annual increase of 52.3 percent, while imports were US$8.93 billion, an annual increase of 54.7 percent. These achievements were accomplished because of significant changes in China's foreign trade policy, acceleration of the yuan's appreciation, increase of commercial incentives and increase in production costs. The 18 cities and counties witnessed a steady rate of increase. Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan all saw an increase of more than 40 percent while Leshan, Neijiang, Luzhou, Meishan, Ziyang, and Yibin saw an increase of more than 20 percent. Foreign trade in Zigong, Panzhihua, Guang'an, Bazhong and Ganzi remained constant.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Department

text: of

text: Commerce

text: the

text: province

text: 's

text: total

text: foreign

text: trade

text: was

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: with

text: an

text: annual

text: increase

text: of

text: percent

text: Exports

text: were

text: US$

text: billion

text: an

text: annual

text: increase

text: of

text: percent

text: while

text: imports

text: were

text: US$

text: billion

text: an

text: annual

text: increase

text: of

text: percent

text: These

text: achievements

text: were

text: accomplished

text: because

text: of

text: significant

text: changes

text: in

text: China

text: 's

text: foreign

text: trade

text: policy

text: acceleration

text: of

text: the

text: yuan

text: 's

text: appreciation

text: increase

text: of

text: commercial

text: incentives

text: and

text: increase

text: in

text: production

text: costs

text: The

text: cities

text: and

text: counties

text: witnessed

text: a

text: steady

text: rate

text: of

text: increase

text: Chengdu

text: Suining

text: Nanchong

text: Dazhou

text: Ya'an

text: Abazhou

text: and

text: Liangshan

text: all

text: saw

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: while

text: Leshan

text: Neijiang

text: Luzhou

text: Meishan

text: Ziyang

text: and

text: Yibin

text: saw

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: Foreign

text: trade

text: in

text: Zigong

text: Panzhihua

text: Guang'an

text: Bazhong

text: and

text: Ganzi

text: remained

text: constant

question: By how much did foreign trade increase in Sichuan in 2008?

answer: 53.3 percent

text: 53.3 percent

question: What was the export level of Sichuan in 2008?

answer: US$13.1 billion

text: US$13.1 billion

question: What was the import level of Sichuan in 2008?

answer: US$8.93 billion

text: US$8.93 billion

question: What cities saw an increase in foreign trade of more than 40% in 2008?

answer: Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan

text: Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan

question: Who says Sichuans total forign trade is 22.04 billion CNY

text: Sichuan Department of Commerce

question: What was equal to 13.1 billion CNY?

text: Exports

question: What was equal to 8.93 billion CNY?

text: imports

question: What has a decrease in production costs contributed to?

text: province's total foreign trade

question: By how much did production costs increase in Sichuan in 2008?

text: 53.3 percent

question: What were the commercial incentives for of Sichuan in 2008?

text: US$13.1 billion

question: What production costs of Sichuan in 2008?

text: US$8.93 billion

question: What cities saw an increase in imports of more than 40% in 2008?

question: What caused the increase in foreign counties?


text: Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Attempts

text: are

text: frequently

text: made

text: to

text: regulate

text: emotion

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: conventions

text: of

text: the

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: situation

text: based

text: on

text: many

text: sometimes

text: conflicting

text: demands

text: and

text: expectations

text: which

text: originate

text: from

text: various

text: entities

text: The

text: emotion

text: of

text: anger

text: is

text: in

text: many

text: cultures

text: discouraged

text: in

text: girls

text: and

text: women

text: while

text: fear

text: is

text: discouraged

text: in

text: boys

text: and

text: men

text: Expectations

text: attached

text: to

text: social

text: roles

text: such

text: as

text: acting

text: as

text: man

text: and

text: not

text: as

text: a

text: woman

text: and

text: the

text: accompanying

text: feeling

text: rules

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: differences

text: in

text: expression

text: of

text: certain

text: emotions

text: Some

text: cultures

text: encourage

text: or

text: discourage

text: happiness

text: sadness

text: or

text: jealousy

text: and

text: the

text: free

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: emotion

text: of

text: disgust

text: is

text: considered

text: socially

text: unacceptable

text: in

text: most

text: cultures

text: Some

text: social

text: institutions

text: are

text: seen

text: as

text: based

text: on

text: certain

text: emotion

text: such

text: as

text: love

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: contemporary

text: institution

text: of

text: marriage

text: In

text: advertising

text: such

text: as

text: health

text: campaigns

text: and

text: political

text: messages

text: emotional

text: appeals

text: are

text: commonly

text: found

text: Recent

text: examples

text: include

text: no

text: smoking

text: health

text: campaigns

text: and

text: political

text: campaigns

text: emphasizing

text: the

text: fear

text: of

text: terrorism

question: What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?

answer: anger

text: anger

question: Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?

answer: fear

text: fear

question: The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in most cultures?

answer: disgust

text: disgust

question: What social institution is associated with the emotion of love?

answer: marriage

text: marriage

question: What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?

answer: fear

text: fear

question: What emotion do many cultures encourage in women?

text: anger

question: Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in women?

text: fear

question: The open expression of what emotion is generally accepted in most cultures?

text: disgust

question: What social institution is not associated with the emotion of love?

text: marriage

question: What emotion do political campaigns not appeal to in regard to terrorism?

text: fear


text: Bell was a supporter of aerospace engineering research through the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), officially formed at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in October 1907 at the suggestion of his wife Mabel and with her financial support after the sale of some of her real estate. The AEA was headed by Bell and the founding members were four young men: American Glenn H. Curtiss, a motorcycle manufacturer at the time and who held the title "world's fastest man", having ridden his self-constructed motor bicycle around in the shortest time, and who was later awarded the Scientific American Trophy for the first official one-kilometre flight in the Western hemisphere, and who later became a world-renowned airplane manufacturer; Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, an official observer from the U.S. Federal government and one of the few people in the army who believed that aviation was the future; Frederick W. Baldwin, the first Canadian and first British subject to pilot a public flight in Hammondsport, New York, and J.A.D. McCurdy —Baldwin and McCurdy being new engineering graduates from the University of Toronto.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: was

text: a

text: supporter

text: of

text: aerospace

text: engineering

text: research

text: through

text: the

text: Aerial

text: Experiment

text: Association

text: AEA

text: officially

text: formed

text: at

text: Baddeck

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: in

text: October

text: at

text: the

text: suggestion

text: of

text: his

text: wife

text: Mabel

text: and

text: with

text: her

text: financial

text: support

text: after

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: her

text: real

text: estate

text: The

text: AEA

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: Bell

text: and

text: the

text: founding

text: members

text: were

text: four

text: young

text: men

text: American

text: Glenn

text: H.

text: Curtiss

text: a

text: motorcycle

text: manufacturer

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: who

text: held

text: the

text: title

text: world

text: 's

text: fastest

text: man

text: having

text: ridden

text: his

text: self

text: constructed

text: motor

text: bicycle

text: around

text: in

text: the

text: shortest

text: time

text: and

text: who

text: was

text: later

text: awarded

text: the

text: Scientific

text: American

text: Trophy

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: official

text: one

text: kilometre

text: flight

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: hemisphere

text: and

text: who

text: later

text: became

text: a

text: world

text: renowned

text: airplane

text: manufacturer

text: Lieutenant

text: Thomas

text: Selfridge

text: an

text: official

text: observer

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Federal

text: government

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: who

text: believed

text: that

text: aviation

text: was

text: the

text: future

text: Frederick

text: W.

text: Baldwin

text: the

text: first

text: Canadian

text: and

text: first

text: British

text: subject

text: to

text: pilot

text: a

text: public

text: flight

text: in

text: Hammondsport

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: J.A.D.

text: McCurdy

text: —Baldwin

text: and

text: McCurdy

text: being

text: new

text: engineering

text: graduates

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Toronto

question: What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace?

answer: Aerial Experiment Association

text: Aerial Experiment Association

question: When was the AEA founded?

answer: 1907

question: Which original member of the AEA held motorcycle speed records?

answer: Glenn H. Curtiss

text: Glenn H. Curtiss

question: Which branch of the military was Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge in?

answer: army

text: army


text: The rebel barons responded by inviting the French prince Louis to lead them: Louis had a claim to the English throne by virtue of his marriage to Blanche of Castile, a granddaughter of Henry II. Philip may have provided him with private support but refused to openly support Louis, who was excommunicated by Innocent for taking part in the war against John. Louis' planned arrival in England presented a significant problem for John, as the prince would bring with him naval vessels and siege engines essential to the rebel cause. Once John contained Alexander in Scotland, he marched south to deal with the challenge of the coming invasion.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: rebel

text: barons

text: responded

text: by

text: inviting

text: the

text: French

text: prince

text: Louis

text: to

text: lead

text: them

text: Louis

text: had

text: a

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: throne

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: his

text: marriage

text: to

text: Blanche

text: of

text: Castile

text: a

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: Henry

text: II

text: Philip

text: may

text: have

text: provided

text: him

text: with

text: private

text: support

text: but

text: refused

text: to

text: openly

text: support

text: Louis

text: who

text: was

text: excommunicated

text: by

text: Innocent

text: for

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: against

text: John

text: Louis

text: planned

text: arrival

text: in

text: England

text: presented

text: a

text: significant

text: problem

text: for

text: John

text: as

text: the

text: prince

text: would

text: bring

text: with

text: him

text: naval

text: vessels

text: and

text: siege

text: engines

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: rebel

text: cause

text: Once

text: John

text: contained

text: Alexander

text: in

text: Scotland

text: he

text: marched

text: south

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: challenge

text: of

text: the

text: coming

text: invasion

question: The rebel barons invited who to lead them?

answer: French prince Louis

text: French prince Louis

question: Who was Henry II's granddaughter?

answer: Blanche of Castile

text: Blanche of Castile

question: What did John do once he contained Alexander in Scotland?

answer: he marched south to deal with the challenge of the coming invasion

text: he marched south to deal with the challenge of the coming invasion


text: An earthworm's digestive system consists of a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. The mouth is surrounded by strong lips, which act like a hand to grab pieces of dead grass, leaves, and weeds, with bits of soil to help chew. The lips break the food down into smaller pieces. In the pharynx, the food is lubricated by mucus secretions for easier passage. The esophagus adds calcium carbonate to neutralize the acids formed by food matter decay. Temporary storage occurs in the crop where food and calcium carbonate are mixed. The powerful muscles of the gizzard churn and mix the mass of food and dirt. When the churning is complete, the glands in the walls of the gizzard add enzymes to the thick paste, which helps chemically breakdown the organic matter. By peristalsis, the mixture is sent to the intestine where friendly bacteria continue chemical breakdown. This releases carbohydrates, protein, fat, and various vitamins and minerals for absorption into the body.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: An

text: earthworm

text: 's

text: digestive

text: system

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: mouth

text: pharynx

text: esophagus

text: crop

text: gizzard

text: and

text: intestine

text: The

text: mouth

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: strong

text: lips

text: which

text: act

text: like

text: a

text: hand

text: to

text: grab

text: pieces

text: of

text: dead

text: grass

text: leaves

text: and

text: weeds

text: with

text: bits

text: of

text: soil

text: to

text: help

text: chew

text: The

text: lips

text: break

text: the

text: food

text: down

text: into

text: smaller

text: pieces

text: In

text: the

text: pharynx

text: the

text: food

text: is

text: lubricated

text: by

text: mucus

text: secretions

text: for

text: easier

text: passage

text: The

text: esophagus

text: adds

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: to

text: neutralize

text: the

text: acids

text: formed

text: by

text: food

text: matter

text: decay

text: Temporary

text: storage

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: crop

text: where

text: food

text: and

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: are

text: mixed

text: The

text: powerful

text: muscles

text: of

text: the

text: gizzard

text: churn

text: and

text: mix

text: the

text: mass

text: of

text: food

text: and

text: dirt

text: When

text: the

text: churning

text: is

text: complete

text: the

text: glands

text: in

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: the

text: gizzard

text: add

text: enzymes

text: to

text: the

text: thick

text: paste

text: which

text: helps

text: chemically

text: breakdown

text: the

text: organic

text: matter

text: By

text: peristalsis

text: the

text: mixture

text: is

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: intestine

text: where

text: friendly

text: bacteria

text: continue

text: chemical

text: breakdown

text: This

text: releases

text: carbohydrates

text: protein

text: fat

text: and

text: various

text: vitamins

text: and

text: minerals

text: for

text: absorption

text: into

text: the

text: body

question: What does a earthworms digestive systme consist of?

answer: a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine.

text: a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine.

question: What does an earthworm eat?

answer: dead grass, leaves, and weeds

text: dead grass, leaves, and weeds

question: What helps the earthworm grab grass leaves and weeds?

answer: The mouth is surrounded by strong lips

text: The mouth is surrounded by strong lips

question: What is the food coated with for easier passage?

answer: mucus

text: mucus

question: What part of the earthworm helps churn and mix the dirt and food?

answer: The powerful muscles of the gizzard

text: The powerful muscles of the gizzard


text: As the Industrial Revolution spread across Europe, chemists and manufacturers sought new red dyes that could be used for large-scale manufacture of textiles. One popular color imported into Europe from Turkey and India in the 18th and early 19th century was Turkey red, known in France as rouge d'Adrinople. Beginning in the 1740s, this bright red color was used to dye or print cotton textiles in England, the Netherlands and France. Turkey red used madder as the colorant, but the process was longer and more complicated, involving multiple soaking of the fabrics in lye, olive oil, sheep's dung, and other ingredients. The fabric was more expensive but resulted in a fine bright and lasting red, similar to carmine, perfectly suited to cotton. The fabric was widely exported from Europe to Africa, the Middle East and America. In 19th century America, it was widely used in making the traditional patchwork quilt.

title: Red

title: Red

text: As

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: spread

text: across

text: Europe

text: chemists

text: and

text: manufacturers

text: sought

text: new

text: red

text: dyes

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: large

text: scale

text: manufacture

text: of

text: textiles

text: One

text: popular

text: color

text: imported

text: into

text: Europe

text: from

text: Turkey

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: was

text: Turkey

text: red

text: known

text: in

text: France

text: as

text: rouge

text: d'Adrinople

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: this

text: bright

text: red

text: color

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: dye

text: or

text: print

text: cotton

text: textiles

text: in

text: England

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: France

text: Turkey

text: red

text: used

text: madder

text: as

text: the

text: colorant

text: but

text: the

text: process

text: was

text: longer

text: and

text: more

text: complicated

text: involving

text: multiple

text: soaking

text: of

text: the

text: fabrics

text: in

text: lye

text: olive

text: oil

text: sheep

text: 's

text: dung

text: and

text: other

text: ingredients

text: The

text: fabric

text: was

text: more

text: expensive

text: but

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: fine

text: bright

text: and

text: lasting

text: red

text: similar

text: to

text: carmine

text: perfectly

text: suited

text: to

text: cotton

text: The

text: fabric

text: was

text: widely

text: exported

text: from

text: Europe

text: to

text: Africa

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: America

text: In

text: century

text: America

text: it

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: making

text: the

text: traditional

text: patchwork

text: quilt

question: What was Turkey red called in France?

answer: rouge d'Adrinople

text: rouge d'Adrinople

question: In what years did Turkey red begin to be used to dye cotton in England?

answer: the 1740s

text: the 1740s

question: What did turkey red get its color from?

answer: madder

text: madder

question: What other pigment was Turkey red compared to?

answer: carmine

text: carmine

question: In what century did quilts in America commonly use Turkey red?

answer: 19th

question: What was red known as in Turkey?

text: rouge d'Adrinople

question: What popular color was imported from France in the 18th century?

text: Turkey red

question: What began in 1740?

question: What was cotton widely used for in 19th century Europe?

text: making the traditional patchwork quilt


text: In the next century which is the beginning of the Classical period, it was considered that beauty in visible things as in everything else, consisted of symmetry and proportions. The artists tried also to represent motion in a specific moment (Myron), which may be considered as the reappearance of the dormant Minoan element. Anatomy and geometry are fused in one, and each does something to the other. The Greek sculptors tried to clarify it by looking for mathematical proportions, just as they sought some reality behind appearances. Polykleitos in his Canon wrote that beauty consists in the proportion not of the elements (materials), but of the parts, that is the interrelation of parts with one another and with the whole. It seems that he was influenced by the theories of Pythagoras. The famous Apollo of Mantua and its variants are early forms of the Apollo Citharoedus statue type, in which the god holds the cithara in his left arm. The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic. The Apollo held the cythara against his extended left arm, of which in the Louvre example, a fragment of one twisting scrolling horn upright remains against his biceps.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: In

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: it

text: was

text: considered

text: that

text: beauty

text: in

text: visible

text: things

text: as

text: in

text: everything

text: else

text: consisted

text: of

text: symmetry

text: and

text: proportions

text: The

text: artists

text: tried

text: also

text: to

text: represent

text: motion

text: in

text: a

text: specific

text: moment

text: Myron

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: as

text: the

text: reappearance

text: of

text: the

text: dormant

text: Minoan

text: element

text: Anatomy

text: and

text: geometry

text: are

text: fused

text: in

text: one

text: and

text: each

text: does

text: something

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: The

text: Greek

text: sculptors

text: tried

text: to

text: clarify

text: it

text: by

text: looking

text: for

text: mathematical

text: proportions

text: just

text: as

text: they

text: sought

text: some

text: reality

text: behind

text: appearances

text: Polykleitos

text: in

text: his

text: Canon

text: wrote

text: that

text: beauty

text: consists

text: in

text: the

text: proportion

text: not

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: materials

text: but

text: of

text: the

text: parts

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: interrelation

text: of

text: parts

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: whole

text: It

text: seems

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: theories

text: of

text: Pythagoras

text: The

text: famous

text: Apollo

text: of

text: Mantua

text: and

text: its

text: variants

text: are

text: early

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: Apollo

text: Citharoedus

text: statue

text: type

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: god

text: holds

text: the

text: cithara

text: in

text: his

text: left

text: arm

text: The

text: type

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: neo

text: Attic

text: Imperial

text: Roman

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: or

text: early

text: century

text: modelled

text: upon

text: a

text: supposed

text: Greek

text: bronze

text: original

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: in

text: a

text: style

text: similar

text: to

text: works

text: of

text: Polykleitos

text: but

text: more

text: archaic

text: The

text: Apollo

text: held

text: the

text: cythara

text: against

text: his

text: extended

text: left

text: arm

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: Louvre

text: example

text: a

text: fragment

text: of

text: one

text: twisting

text: scrolling

text: horn

text: upright

text: remains

text: against

text: his

text: biceps

question: Who wrote that beauty consists in the proportion not of the elements?

answer: Polykleitos

text: Polykleitos

question: In what type of art does the god hold the cithara in his left arm?

answer: Apollo Citharoedus statue type

text: Apollo Citharoedus statue type

question: What type of art is modeled after a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th Century BCE.

answer: neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century

text: neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century


text: Asphalt/bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural bitumen, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England or New York state. These bituminous sands contain 166 billion barrels (26.4×10^9 m3) of commercially established oil reserves, giving Canada the third largest oil reserves in the world. and produce over 2.3 million barrels per day (370×10^3 m3/d) of heavy crude oil and synthetic crude oil. Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the bitumen is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Asphalt

text: bitumen

text: also

text: occurs

text: in

text: unconsolidated

text: sandstones

text: known

text: as

text: oil

text: sands

text: in

text: Alberta

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: similar

text: tar

text: sands

text: in

text: Utah

text: US

text: The

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: has

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: reserves

text: of

text: natural

text: bitumen

text: in

text: three

text: huge

text: deposits

text: covering

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: an

text: area

text: larger

text: than

text: England

text: or

text: New

text: York

text: state

text: These

text: bituminous

text: sands

text: contain

text: billion

text: barrels

text: of

text: commercially

text: established

text: oil

text: reserves

text: giving

text: Canada

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: oil

text: reserves

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: produce

text: over

text: million

text: barrels

text: per

text: day

text: of

text: heavy

text: crude

text: oil

text: and

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: Although

text: historically

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: without

text: refining

text: to

text: pave

text: roads

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: bitumen

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: as

text: raw

text: material

text: for

text: oil

text: refineries

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What is another term for asphalt?

answer: bitumen

text: bitumen

question: Besides occurrences in Canada, where in the US is asphalt found?

answer: Utah

text: Utah

question: How much of the planet's asphalt is located in Canada?

answer: most

text: most

question: What is the area amount of the Canadian asphalt deposits?

answer: 142,000 square kilometres

text: 142,000 square kilometres

question: Where does most of Canada's asphalt end up these days?

answer: oil refineries

text: oil refineries

question: Along with the state of Iowa, where else does asphalt occur in unconsolidated sandstones?

text: Alberta, Canada

question: Comprised of four large deposits, in which province are most of the world's natural bitumen reserves located?

text: Alberta

question: Where does most of the Canadian oil supply end up?

text: oil refineries

question: What is the total area of the Cambodian asphalt deposits?

text: 142,000 square kilometres


text: To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth, the government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria, which resulted in demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers. In later years, with the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership, the investment in freeway and highway developments greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawl and declining inner city population. The Bolte government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne. Major road projects including the remodelling of St Kilda Junction, the widening of Hoddle Street and then the extensive 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan changed the face of the city into a car-dominated environment.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: To

text: counter

text: the

text: trend

text: towards

text: low

text: density

text: suburban

text: residential

text: growth

text: the

text: government

text: began

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: controversial

text: public

text: housing

text: projects

text: in

text: the

text: inner

text: city

text: by

text: the

text: Housing

text: Commission

text: of

text: Victoria

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: demolition

text: of

text: many

text: neighbourhoods

text: and

text: a

text: proliferation

text: of

text: high

text: rise

text: towers

text: In

text: later

text: years

text: with

text: the

text: rapid

text: rise

text: of

text: motor

text: vehicle

text: ownership

text: the

text: investment

text: in

text: freeway

text: and

text: highway

text: developments

text: greatly

text: accelerated

text: the

text: outward

text: suburban

text: sprawl

text: and

text: declining

text: inner

text: city

text: population

text: The

text: Bolte

text: government

text: sought

text: to

text: rapidly

text: accelerate

text: the

text: modernisation

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: Major

text: road

text: projects

text: including

text: the

text: remodelling

text: of

text: St

text: Kilda

text: Junction

text: the

text: widening

text: of

text: Hoddle

text: Street

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: extensive

text: Melbourne

text: Transportation

text: Plan

text: changed

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: into

text: a

text: car

text: dominated

text: environment

question: Investment in what greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawn and declining inner city population?

answer: freeway and highway developments

text: freeway and highway developments

question: Which government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne?

answer: Bolte

text: Bolte

question: The widening of what street helped to change the face of Melbourne into a car-dominated environment?

answer: Hoddle Street

text: Hoddle Street

question: Did the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan change Melbourne into a more car-dominated or tram-dominated environment?

answer: car-dominated

text: car-dominated

question: Did the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership and highway developments lead to an increasing or declining inner city population?

answer: declining

text: declining


text: Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (such as Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) were held at both events on software development kits and comparable personal computer hardware. Video footage based on the predicted PlayStation 3 specifications was also shown (notably a Final Fantasy VII tech demo).

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Sony

text: officially

text: unveiled

text: PlayStation

text: then

text: marketed

text: as

text: PLAYSTATION

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: on

text: May

text: at

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: boomerang

text: shaped

text: prototype

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: Sixaxis

text: controller

text: A

text: functional

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: was

text: not

text: present

text: there

text: nor

text: at

text: the

text: Tokyo

text: Game

text: Show

text: in

text: September

text: although

text: demonstrations

text: such

text: as

text: Metal

text: Gear

text: Solid

text: Guns

text: of

text: the

text: Patriots

text: were

text: held

text: at

text: both

text: events

text: on

text: software

text: development

text: kits

text: and

text: comparable

text: personal

text: computer

text: hardware

text: Video

text: footage

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: predicted

text: PlayStation

text: specifications

text: was

text: also

text: shown

text: notably

text: a

text: Final

text: Fantasy

text: VII

text: tech

text: demo

question: What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in?

answer: boomerang

text: boomerang

question: What event did Sony choose for the PS3 unveiling?

answer: E3 2005

text: E3 2005

question: What popular game was demoed in a video at the game shows?

answer: Final Fantasy VII

text: Final Fantasy VII

question: What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3?

answer: Tokyo Game Show

text: Tokyo Game Show

question: What was one game Sony debuted on a modified PC so gamers could get a look?

answer: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots

text: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots

question: Dell unveiled the PS3 to the public on what date?

text: May 16, 2005

question: At what event did Sony unveil the PS4?

text: E3 2005

question: Fantasy of the Patriots was demoed at which May 2005 event?

text: E3 2005

question: Metal Gear Solid 3 was demoed at which May 2005 event?

text: E3 2005

question: What shape was the Sixaxis final model in?

text: boomerang

question: What event did Microsoft choose for the PS3 unveiling?

text: E3 2005

question: What popular game was demoed in just audio at the game shows?

text: Final Fantasy VII

question: What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to five months after E3?

text: Tokyo Game Show

question: What was one game Sony debuted on a modified PS so gamers could get a look?


text: Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826) was a kingdom and tribe which rose to prominence in present-day Assam early in the thirteenth century. They ruled much of Assam from the 13th century until the establishment of British rule in 1838. The Ahoms brought with them a tribal religion and a language of their own, however they later merged with the Hindu religion. From thirteenth till seventeenth century, repeated attempts were made by the Muslim rulers of Delhi to invade and subdue Ahoms, however the Ahoms managed to maintain their independence and ruled themselves for nearly 600 years.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Ahom

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: a

text: kingdom

text: and

text: tribe

text: which

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Assam

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: thirteenth

text: century

text: They

text: ruled

text: much

text: of

text: Assam

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: until

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: British

text: rule

text: in

text: The

text: Ahoms

text: brought

text: with

text: them

text: a

text: tribal

text: religion

text: and

text: a

text: language

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: however

text: they

text: later

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Hindu

text: religion

text: From

text: thirteenth

text: till

text: seventeenth

text: century

text: repeated

text: attempts

text: were

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: Muslim

text: rulers

text: of

text: Delhi

text: to

text: invade

text: and

text: subdue

text: Ahoms

text: however

text: the

text: Ahoms

text: managed

text: to

text: maintain

text: their

text: independence

text: and

text: ruled

text: themselves

text: for

text: nearly

text: years

question: What kingdom came to power in Assam?

answer: Ahom Kingdom

text: Ahom Kingdom

question: What was the span of time fro the Ahom Kingdom?

answer: 1228–1826

question: What event caused the end of Ahom rule in Assam?

answer: British rule

text: British rule

question: With what religion did the Ahom merge?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu

question: What group repeatedly tried and failed to conquer the Ahom?

answer: Muslim rulers of Delhi

text: Muslim rulers of Delhi


text: Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Central

text: Catalan

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: standard

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: The

text: descriptions

text: below

text: are

text: mostly

text: for

text: this

text: variety

text: For

text: the

text: differences

text: in

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: dialects

text: see

text: the

text: section

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: dialects

text: in

text: this

text: article

question: What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan?

answer: Central Catalan

text: Central Catalan

question: What is Central Catalan?

answer: standard pronunciation

text: standard pronunciation

question: What are the descriptions for?

answer: standard pronunciation

text: standard pronunciation

question: Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects?

answer: section pronunciation

text: section pronunciation


text: These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES's Astra 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: These

text: first

text: European

text: HDTV

text: broadcasts

text: used

text: the

text: format

text: with

text: compression

text: on

text: a

text: DVB

text: S

text: signal

text: from

text: SES

text: 's

text: Astra

text: satellite

text: transmissions

text: later

text: changed

text: to

text: compression

text: on

text: a

text: DVB

text: signal

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: subsequent

text: broadcast

text: channels

text: in

text: Europe

question: What format did the first European HDTV broadcast use?

answer: 1080i format

text: 1080i format

question: What compression did the first European HDTV broadcast use?

answer: MPEG-2

question: What signal did the first European HDTV broadcast use?

answer: DVB-S

text: DVB-S

question: What compression did Euro1080 later change to?

answer: MPEG-4/AVC

question: What signal did Euro1080 later change to?

answer: DVB-S2

question: What format did the first European SDTV broadcast use?

text: 1080i format

question: What compression did the first Asian HDTV broadcast use?

question: What signal did the first European SDTV broadcast use?

text: DVB-S

question: What compression did Euro1180 later change to?


text: The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick. PCB designers and fabricators often use heavy copper when design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resistance to thermal strains. Heavy copper plated vias transfer heat to external heat sinks. IPC 2152 is a standard for determining current-carrying capacity of printed circuit board traces.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: The

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: industry

text: defines

text: heavy

text: copper

text: as

text: layers

text: exceeding

text: three

text: ounces

text: of

text: copper

text: or

text: approximately

text: inches

text: mils

text: μm

text: thick

text: PCB

text: designers

text: and

text: fabricators

text: often

text: use

text: heavy

text: copper

text: when

text: design

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: circuit

text: boards

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: increase

text: current

text: carrying

text: capacity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: resistance

text: to

text: thermal

text: strains

text: Heavy

text: copper

text: plated

text: vias

text: transfer

text: heat

text: to

text: external

text: heat

text: sinks

text: IPC

text: is

text: a

text: standard

text: for

text: determining

text: current

text: carrying

text: capacity

text: of

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: traces

question: What's the minimum amount of copper a layer in a PCB can have to be considered "heavy copper"?

answer: three ounces

text: three ounces

question: About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper?

answer: 0.0042 inches

text: 0.0042 inches

question: What will a circuit board with heavy copper carry very well?

answer: current

text: current

question: What would a PCB designer use heavy copper to make their circuit board resist?

answer: thermal strains

text: thermal strains

question: Where does the heat go when it leaves heavy copper-plated vias?

answer: external heat sinks

text: external heat sinks

question: The printed circuit board industry defines light copper as what?

text: layers exceeding three ounces of copper

question: PCB designers and fabricators often use light copper when?

question: What is the standard for determining current-carrying capacity of printed circuit board trees?

text: IPC 2152

question: IAC 2152 is the standard for what?


text: Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]

title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: Network

text: hardware

text: software

text: and

text: specifications

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: expertise

text: of

text: network

text: management

text: personnel

text: are

text: important

text: in

text: ensuring

text: that

text: data

text: follows

text: the

text: most

text: efficient

text: route

text: and

text: upstream

text: connections

text: work

text: reliably

text: A

text: tradeoff

text: between

text: cost

text: and

text: efficiency

text: is

text: possible.[citation

text: needed

question: Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible?

answer: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible

text: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible

question: What sort of route does data follow?

answer: the most efficient route

text: the most efficient route

question: What trade-off is not possible?

text: between cost and efficiency

question: What follows most inefficient route?

text: data

question: What works unreliably?

text: upstream connections

question: What ensures upstream connections are not reliable?


text: The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different levels of respect and intimacy. For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle. Arranged marriages were normal, with the father's input on his offspring's spouse being considered more important than the mother's. Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers. Under certain conditions dictated by custom, not law, both men and women were able to divorce their spouses and remarry.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: The

text: Han

text: era

text: family

text: was

text: patrilineal

text: and

text: typically

text: had

text: four

text: to

text: five

text: nuclear

text: family

text: members

text: living

text: in

text: one

text: household

text: Multiple

text: generations

text: of

text: extended

text: family

text: members

text: did

text: not

text: occupy

text: the

text: same

text: house

text: unlike

text: families

text: of

text: later

text: dynasties

text: According

text: to

text: Confucian

text: family

text: norms

text: various

text: family

text: members

text: were

text: treated

text: with

text: different

text: levels

text: of

text: respect

text: and

text: intimacy

text: For

text: example

text: there

text: were

text: different

text: accepted

text: time

text: frames

text: for

text: mourning

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: a

text: father

text: versus

text: a

text: paternal

text: uncle

text: Arranged

text: marriages

text: were

text: normal

text: with

text: the

text: father

text: 's

text: input

text: on

text: his

text: offspring

text: 's

text: spouse

text: being

text: considered

text: more

text: important

text: than

text: the

text: mother

text: 's

text: Monogamous

text: marriages

text: were

text: also

text: normal

text: although

text: nobles

text: and

text: high

text: officials

text: were

text: wealthy

text: enough

text: to

text: afford

text: and

text: support

text: concubines

text: as

text: additional

text: lovers

text: Under

text: certain

text: conditions

text: dictated

text: by

text: custom

text: not

text: law

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: divorce

text: their

text: spouses

text: and

text: remarry

question: How many family members would commonly live in a single household during the Han era?

answer: four to five

text: four to five

question: Whose opinion on the spouse of an arranged marriage was considered to be more important?

answer: the father's

text: the father's

question: Who were rich enough to afford multiple lovers?

answer: nobles and high officials

text: nobles and high officials

question: What type of family was your typical Han era family considered to be?

answer: patrilineal

text: patrilineal

question: What type of marriage was thought of as a normal occurrence in this era?

answer: Arranged marriages

text: Arranged marriages


text: Lancashire has a long and highly productive tradition of music making. In the early modern era the county shared in the national tradition of balladry, including perhaps the finest border ballad, "The Ballad of Chevy Chase", thought to have been composed by the Lancashire-born minstrel Richard Sheale. The county was also a common location for folk songs, including "The Lancashire Miller", "Warrington Ale" and "The soldier's farewell to Manchester", while Liverpool, as a major seaport, was the subject of many sea shanties, including "The Leaving of Liverpool" and "Maggie May", beside several local Wassailing songs. In the Industrial Revolution changing social and economic patterns helped create new traditions and styles of folk song, often linked to migration and patterns of work. These included processional dances, often associated with rushbearing or the Wakes Week festivities, and types of step dance, most famously clog dancing.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: Lancashire

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: and

text: highly

text: productive

text: tradition

text: of

text: music

text: making

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: era

text: the

text: county

text: shared

text: in

text: the

text: national

text: tradition

text: of

text: balladry

text: including

text: perhaps

text: the

text: finest

text: border

text: ballad

text: The

text: Ballad

text: of

text: Chevy

text: Chase

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: composed

text: by

text: the

text: Lancashire

text: born

text: minstrel

text: Richard

text: Sheale

text: The

text: county

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: common

text: location

text: for

text: folk

text: songs

text: including

text: The

text: Lancashire

text: Miller

text: Warrington

text: Ale

text: and

text: The

text: soldier

text: 's

text: farewell

text: to

text: Manchester

text: while

text: Liverpool

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: seaport

text: was

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: many

text: sea

text: shanties

text: including

text: The

text: Leaving

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: and

text: Maggie

text: May

text: beside

text: several

text: local

text: Wassailing

text: songs

text: In

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: changing

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: patterns

text: helped

text: create

text: new

text: traditions

text: and

text: styles

text: of

text: folk

text: song

text: often

text: linked

text: to

text: migration

text: and

text: patterns

text: of

text: work

text: These

text: included

text: processional

text: dances

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: rushbearing

text: or

text: the

text: Wakes

text: Week

text: festivities

text: and

text: types

text: of

text: step

text: dance

text: most

text: famously

text: clog

text: dancing

question: Who was "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" composed by?

answer: Richard Sheale

text: Richard Sheale

question: Where was Richard Sheale from?

answer: Lancashire

text: Lancashire

question: What is Lancashire's long and productive tradition?

answer: music making

text: music making

question: What did the county share with it's national traditions?

answer: balladry

text: balladry

question: What is the finest border ballad?

answer: The Ballad of Chevy Chase

text: The Ballad of Chevy Chase

question: Besides "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" what was another composition written by Richard Sheale?

text: "The Lancashire Miller"

question: Who composed "Warrington Ale"?

text: Richard Sheale

question: What is one of the local Wassailing songs called?

text: "Maggie May"

question: What was "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" about?

text: migration

question: What type of dancing is associated with "The Leaving of Liverpool"?

text: clog dancing