text: The general features of the preceding occurrence applied also to Chihuahua, although in a modified form. The first person elected under the new constitution of 1825 was Simón Elías Gonzalez, who being in Sonora, was induced to remain there. José Antonio Arcé took his place as ruler in Chihuahua. In 1829, González became general commander of Chihuahua, when his term of office on the west coast expired. Arcé was less of a yorkino than his confrere of Durango. Although unable to resist the popular demand for the expulsion of the Spaniards, he soon quarreled with the legislature, which declared itself firmly for Guerrero, and announcing his support of Bustamante's revolution, he suspended, in March 1830, eight members of that body, the vice-governor, and several other officials, and expelled them from the state. The course thus outlined was followed by Governor José Isidro Madero, who succeeded in 1830, associated with J. J. Calvo as general commander, stringent laws being issued against secret societies, which were supposed to be the main spring to the anti-clerical feeling among liberals.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: general

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: preceding

text: occurrence

text: applied

text: also

text: to

text: Chihuahua

text: although

text: in

text: a

text: modified

text: form

text: The

text: first

text: person

text: elected

text: under

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: of

text: was

text: Simón

text: Elías

text: Gonzalez

text: who

text: being

text: in

text: Sonora

text: was

text: induced

text: to

text: remain

text: there

text: José

text: Antonio

text: Arcé

text: took

text: his

text: place

text: as

text: ruler

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: In

text: González

text: became

text: general

text: commander

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: when

text: his

text: term

text: of

text: office

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: expired

text: Arcé

text: was

text: less

text: of

text: a

text: yorkino

text: than

text: his

text: confrere

text: of

text: Durango

text: Although

text: unable

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: popular

text: demand

text: for

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: the

text: Spaniards

text: he

text: soon

text: quarreled

text: with

text: the

text: legislature

text: which

text: declared

text: itself

text: firmly

text: for

text: Guerrero

text: and

text: announcing

text: his

text: support

text: of

text: Bustamante

text: 's

text: revolution

text: he

text: suspended

text: in

text: March

text: eight

text: members

text: of

text: that

text: body

text: the

text: vice

text: governor

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: officials

text: and

text: expelled

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: course

text: thus

text: outlined

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: Governor

text: José

text: Isidro

text: Madero

text: who

text: succeeded

text: in

text: associated

text: with

text: J.

text: J.

text: Calvo

text: as

text: general

text: commander

text: stringent

text: laws

text: being

text: issued

text: against

text: secret

text: societies

text: which

text: were

text: supposed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: main

text: spring

text: to

text: the

text: anti

text: clerical

text: feeling

text: among

text: liberals

question: Who was the first person elected under the new constitution?

answer: Simón Elías Gonzalez

text: Simón Elías Gonzalez

question: Where was Gonzalez located when he was elected?

answer: Sonora

text: Sonora

question: In which year did Gonzalez become commander of Chihuahua?

answer: 1829

question: For whom was the revolution named?

answer: Bustamante

text: Bustamante

question: Stringed laws were issued against what group?

answer: secret societies

text: secret societies


text: Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or "Schwingen". It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf. Steinstossen is the Swiss variant of stone put, a competition in throwing a heavy stone. Practiced only among the alpine population since prehistoric times, it is recorded to have taken place in Basel in the 13th century. It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 kg stone named Unspunnenstein.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Traditional

text: sports

text: include

text: Swiss

text: wrestling

text: or

text: Schwingen

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: old

text: tradition

text: from

text: the

text: rural

text: central

text: cantons

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: national

text: sport

text: by

text: some

text: Hornussen

text: is

text: another

text: indigenous

text: Swiss

text: sport

text: which

text: is

text: like

text: a

text: cross

text: between

text: baseball

text: and

text: golf

text: Steinstossen

text: is

text: the

text: Swiss

text: variant

text: of

text: stone

text: put

text: a

text: competition

text: in

text: throwing

text: a

text: heavy

text: stone

text: Practiced

text: only

text: among

text: the

text: alpine

text: population

text: since

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: it

text: is

text: recorded

text: to

text: have

text: taken

text: place

text: in

text: Basel

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: Unspunnenfest

text: first

text: held

text: in

text: with

text: its

text: symbol

text: the

text: kg

text: stone

text: named

text: Unspunnenstein

question: Which popular Swiss sport is a cross between baseball and golf?

answer: Hornussen

text: Hornussen

question: Which old, traditional sport is considered to be the national sport by some Swiss?

answer: Swiss wrestling or "Schwingen"

text: Swiss wrestling or "Schwingen"

question: What is thrown in the Swiss competition Steinstossen?

answer: a heavy stone

text: a heavy stone

question: Which Swiss population is the only one to have practiced Steinstossen since prehistoric times?

answer: alpine

text: alpine

question: What was the name of the 83.5 kg stone that symbolized the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805?

answer: Unspunnenstein

text: Unspunnenstein


text: Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture. The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia). Even though the city still suffers from widespread corruption, inefficient bureaucracy and organized crime, the level of crime in Palermo's has gone down dramatically, unemployment has been decreasing and many new, profitable opportunities for growth (especially regarding tourism) have been introduced, making the city safer and better to live in.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: Being

text: Sicily

text: 's

text: administrative

text: capital

text: Palermo

text: is

text: a

text: centre

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: finance

text: tourism

text: and

text: commerce

text: The

text: city

text: currently

text: hosts

text: an

text: international

text: airport

text: and

text: Palermo

text: 's

text: economic

text: growth

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: has

text: brought

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: many

text: new

text: businesses

text: The

text: economy

text: mainly

text: relies

text: on

text: tourism

text: and

text: services

text: but

text: also

text: has

text: commerce

text: shipbuilding

text: and

text: agriculture

text: The

text: city

text: however

text: still

text: has

text: high

text: unemployment

text: levels

text: high

text: corruption

text: and

text: a

text: significant

text: black

text: market

text: empire

text: Palermo

text: being

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: Mafia

text: Even

text: though

text: the

text: city

text: still

text: suffers

text: from

text: widespread

text: corruption

text: inefficient

text: bureaucracy

text: and

text: organized

text: crime

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: crime

text: in

text: Palermo

text: 's

text: has

text: gone

text: down

text: dramatically

text: unemployment

text: has

text: been

text: decreasing

text: and

text: many

text: new

text: profitable

text: opportunities

text: for

text: growth

text: especially

text: regarding

text: tourism

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: making

text: the

text: city

text: safer

text: and

text: better

text: to

text: live

text: in

question: On what does Palermo's economy rely?

answer: tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture

text: tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture

question: Palermo is the home of what mafia?

answer: the Sicilian Mafia

text: the Sicilian Mafia

question: Has the level of crime in Palermo risen or declined?

answer: gone down dramatically

text: gone down dramatically

question: What negative qualities does Palermo carry?

answer: high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire

text: high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire

question: What is Italy's administrative capital?

text: Palermo

question: What mostly depends shipbuilding and agriculture?

text: The economy

question: Why has the black market declined in Palermo?

question: What has caused crime to go up in Palermo?

question: What has made the city more dangerouse to live in?

text: organized crime


text: Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews). Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch (art by Syd Shores and Dick Ayers, variously), the Sub-Mariner (drawn and most stories written by Bill Everett), and Captain America (writer Stan Lee, artist John Romita Sr.). Atlas did not achieve any breakout hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply, and at a passable quality.

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: Atlas

text: rather

text: than

text: innovate

text: took

text: a

text: proven

text: route

text: of

text: following

text: popular

text: trends

text: in

text: television

text: and

text: movies

text: Westerns

text: and

text: war

text: dramas

text: prevailing

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: drive

text: in

text: movie

text: monsters

text: another

text: time

text: and

text: even

text: other

text: comic

text: books

text: particularly

text: the

text: EC

text: horror

text: line

text: Atlas

text: also

text: published

text: a

text: plethora

text: of

text: children

text: 's

text: and

text: teen

text: humor

text: titles

text: including

text: Dan

text: DeCarlo

text: 's

text: Homer

text: the

text: Happy

text: Ghost

text: à

text: la

text: Casper

text: the

text: Friendly

text: Ghost

text: and

text: Homer

text: Hooper

text: à

text: la

text: Archie

text: Andrews

text: Atlas

text: unsuccessfully

text: attempted

text: to

text: revive

text: superheroes

text: from

text: late

text: to

text: with

text: the

text: Human

text: Torch

text: art

text: by

text: Syd

text: Shores

text: and

text: Dick

text: Ayers

text: variously

text: the

text: Sub

text: Mariner

text: drawn

text: and

text: most

text: stories

text: written

text: by

text: Bill

text: Everett

text: and

text: Captain

text: America

text: writer

text: Stan

text: Lee

text: artist

text: John

text: Romita

text: Sr

text: Atlas

text: did

text: not

text: achieve

text: any

text: breakout

text: hits

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Stan

text: Lee

text: Atlas

text: survived

text: chiefly

text: because

text: it

text: produced

text: work

text: quickly

text: cheaply

text: and

text: at

text: a

text: passable

text: quality

question: Which writer and artist was behind the Sub-Mariner?

answer: Bill Everett

text: Bill Everett

question: What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called?

answer: Atlas

text: Atlas

question: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?

answer: Homer the Happy Ghost

text: Homer the Happy Ghost

question: DeCarlo also penned a knock-off of what teen comic superstar?

answer: Archie Andrews

text: Archie Andrews

question: What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series?

answer: Homer Hooper

text: Homer Hooper

question: When did Atlas launch?

question: Who ran Atlas?

text: Stan Lee

question: When did the Archie Andrews comics run?

text: late 1953 to mid-1954

question: What company successfully revived several superheroes?

text: Atlas

question: What was another name for the Human Torch?

text: Syd Shores


text: Aside from water, wood has three main components. Cellulose, a crystalline polymer derived from glucose, constitutes about 41–43%. Next in abundance is hemicellulose, which is around 20% in deciduous trees but near 30% in conifers. It is mainly five-carbon sugars that are linked in an irregular manner, in contrast to the cellulose. Lignin is the third component at around 27% in coniferous wood vs. 23% in deciduous trees. Lignin confers the hydrophobic properties reflecting the fact that it is based on aromatic rings. These three components are interwoven, and direct covalent linkages exist between the lignin and the hemicellulose. A major focus of the paper industry is the separation of the lignin from the cellulose, from which paper is made.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Aside

text: from

text: water

text: wood

text: has

text: three

text: main

text: components

text: Cellulose

text: a

text: crystalline

text: polymer

text: derived

text: from

text: glucose

text: constitutes

text: about

text: Next

text: in

text: abundance

text: is

text: hemicellulose

text: which

text: is

text: around

text: in

text: deciduous

text: trees

text: but

text: near

text: in

text: conifers

text: It

text: is

text: mainly

text: five

text: carbon

text: sugars

text: that

text: are

text: linked

text: in

text: an

text: irregular

text: manner

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: cellulose

text: Lignin

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: component

text: at

text: around

text: in

text: coniferous

text: wood

text: vs.

text: in

text: deciduous

text: trees

text: Lignin

text: confers

text: the

text: hydrophobic

text: properties

text: reflecting

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: aromatic

text: rings

text: These

text: three

text: components

text: are

text: interwoven

text: and

text: direct

text: covalent

text: linkages

text: exist

text: between

text: the

text: lignin

text: and

text: the

text: hemicellulose

text: A

text: major

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: industry

text: is

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: the

text: lignin

text: from

text: the

text: cellulose

text: from

text: which

text: paper

text: is

text: made

question: How many main components make up wood, not counting water?

answer: three

text: three

question: What's the name for the crystalline polymer derived from glucose?

answer: Cellulose

text: Cellulose

question: After cellulose, what component is most plentiful in wood?

answer: hemicellulose

text: hemicellulose

question: What kind of trees have about 30% hemicellulose?

answer: conifers

text: conifers

question: Which of the three main components of wood is used to manufacture paper?

answer: cellulose

text: cellulose


text: As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The president also suffered from Crohn's disease, chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine, which necessitated surgery for a bowel obstruction on June 9, 1956. To treat the intestinal block, surgeons bypassed about ten inches of his small intestine. His scheduled meeting with Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was postponed so he could recover from surgery at his farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was still recovering from this operation during the Suez Crisis. Eisenhower's health issues forced him to give up smoking and make some changes to his dietary habits, but he still indulged in alcohol. During a visit to England he complained of dizziness and had to have his blood pressure checked on August 29, 1959; however, before dinner at Chequers on the next day his doctor General Howard Snyder recalled Eisenhower "drank several gin-and-tonics, and one or two gins on the rocks ... three or four wines with the dinner".

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: As

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: his

text: heart

text: attack

text: Eisenhower

text: developed

text: a

text: left

text: ventricular

text: aneurysm

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: turn

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: a

text: mild

text: stroke

text: on

text: November

text: This

text: incident

text: occurred

text: during

text: a

text: cabinet

text: meeting

text: when

text: Eisenhower

text: suddenly

text: found

text: himself

text: unable

text: to

text: speak

text: or

text: move

text: his

text: right

text: hand

text: The

text: stroke

text: had

text: caused

text: an

text: aphasia

text: The

text: president

text: also

text: suffered

text: from

text: Crohn

text: 's

text: disease

text: chronic

text: inflammatory

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: intestine

text: which

text: necessitated

text: surgery

text: for

text: a

text: bowel

text: obstruction

text: on

text: June

text: To

text: treat

text: the

text: intestinal

text: block

text: surgeons

text: bypassed

text: about

text: ten

text: inches

text: of

text: his

text: small

text: intestine

text: His

text: scheduled

text: meeting

text: with

text: Indian

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Jawaharlal

text: Nehru

text: was

text: postponed

text: so

text: he

text: could

text: recover

text: from

text: surgery

text: at

text: his

text: farm

text: in

text: Gettysburg

text: Pennsylvania

text: He

text: was

text: still

text: recovering

text: from

text: this

text: operation

text: during

text: the

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: health

text: issues

text: forced

text: him

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: smoking

text: and

text: make

text: some

text: changes

text: to

text: his

text: dietary

text: habits

text: but

text: he

text: still

text: indulged

text: in

text: alcohol

text: During

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: England

text: he

text: complained

text: of

text: dizziness

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: have

text: his

text: blood

text: pressure

text: checked

text: on

text: August

text: however

text: before

text: dinner

text: at

text: Chequers

text: on

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: his

text: doctor

text: General

text: Howard

text: Snyder

text: recalled

text: Eisenhower

text: drank

text: several

text: gin

text: and

text: tonics

text: and

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: gins

text: on

text: the

text: rocks

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: wines

text: with

text: the

text: dinner

question: What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957?

answer: left ventricular aneurysm

text: left ventricular aneurysm

question: Where was Eisenhower when he suffered a stroke in 1957?

answer: cabinet meeting

text: cabinet meeting

question: What couldn't Eisenhower move as a result of his stroke?

answer: right hand

text: right hand

question: What is Crohn's disease?

answer: chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine

text: chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine

question: Why did Eisenhower need surgery on June 9, 1956?

answer: bowel obstruction

text: bowel obstruction


text: Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: Catholic

text: identity

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: religious

text: buildings

text: stand

text: on

text: campus

text: The

text: Old

text: College

text: building

text: has

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: seminaries

text: on

text: campus

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Congregation

text: of

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: The

text: current

text: Basilica

text: of

text: the

text: Sacred

text: Heart

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: spot

text: of

text: Fr

text: Sorin

text: 's

text: original

text: church

text: which

text: became

text: too

text: small

text: for

text: the

text: growing

text: college

text: It

text: is

text: built

text: in

text: French

text: Revival

text: style

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: decorated

text: by

text: stained

text: glass

text: windows

text: imported

text: directly

text: from

text: France

text: The

text: interior

text: was

text: painted

text: by

text: Luigi

text: Gregori

text: an

text: Italian

text: painter

text: invited

text: by

text: Fr

text: Sorin

text: to

text: be

text: artist

text: in

text: residence

text: The

text: Basilica

text: also

text: features

text: a

text: bell

text: tower

text: with

text: a

text: carillon

text: Inside

text: the

text: church

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: sculptures

text: by

text: Ivan

text: Mestrovic

text: The

text: Grotto

text: of

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: Lourdes

text: which

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: is

text: a

text: replica

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: in

text: Lourdes

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: very

text: popular

text: among

text: students

text: and

text: alumni

text: as

text: a

text: place

text: of

text: prayer

text: and

text: meditation

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: beloved

text: spots

text: on

text: campus

question: Which congregation is in charge of the Old College at Notre Dame?

answer: Congregation of Holy Cross

text: Congregation of Holy Cross

question: What structure is found on the location of the original church of Father Sorin at Notre Dame?

answer: Basilica of the Sacred Heart

text: Basilica of the Sacred Heart

question: In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?

answer: French Revival

text: French Revival

question: Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?

answer: Luigi Gregori

text: Luigi Gregori

question: In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?

answer: 1896


text: Some of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles, such as the Revolutionary Étude (Op. 10, No. 12), and the Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1). However, with the exception of his Funeral March, the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number, leaving all potential extramusical associations to the listener; the names by which many of his pieces are known were invented by others. There is no evidence to suggest that the Revolutionary Étude was written with the failed Polish uprising against Russia in mind; it merely appeared at that time. The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest of the sonata, but no specific event or death is known to have inspired it.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Some

text: of

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: well

text: known

text: pieces

text: have

text: acquired

text: descriptive

text: titles

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Étude

text: Op

text: No

text: and

text: the

text: Minute

text: Waltz

text: Op

text: No

text: However

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: his

text: Funeral

text: March

text: the

text: composer

text: never

text: named

text: an

text: instrumental

text: work

text: beyond

text: genre

text: and

text: number

text: leaving

text: all

text: potential

text: extramusical

text: associations

text: to

text: the

text: listener

text: the

text: names

text: by

text: which

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: pieces

text: are

text: known

text: were

text: invented

text: by

text: others

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Étude

text: was

text: written

text: with

text: the

text: failed

text: Polish

text: uprising

text: against

text: Russia

text: in

text: mind

text: it

text: merely

text: appeared

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: The

text: Funeral

text: March

text: the

text: third

text: movement

text: of

text: his

text: Sonata

text: No

text: Op

text: the

text: one

text: case

text: where

text: he

text: did

text: give

text: a

text: title

text: was

text: written

text: before

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: sonata

text: but

text: no

text: specific

text: event

text: or

text: death

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: inspired

text: it

question: What is another title Op. 10, No. 12 has garnered?

answer: the Revolutionary Étude

text: the Revolutionary Étude

question: What is the only piece Chopin gave an actual title to?

answer: Funeral March

text: Funeral March

question: The Funeral March was written as part of what piece?

answer: Sonata No. 2

text: Sonata No. 2

question: How many instrumental works did Chopin give a descriptive name to?

answer: one

text: one

question: What descriptive name was Op. 10, No. 12 given?

answer: Revolutionary Étude

text: Revolutionary Étude

question: What descriptive name was Op. 64, No. 1 given?

answer: Minute Waltz

text: Minute Waltz


text: Since the late 18th century, Paris has been famous for its restaurants and haute cuisine, food meticulously prepared and artfully presented. A luxury restaurant, La Taverne Anglaise, opened in 1786 in the arcades of the Palais-Royal by Antoine Beauvilliers; it featured an elegant dining room, an extensive menu, linen tablecloths, a large wine list and well-trained waiters; it became a model for future Paris restaurants. The restaurant Le Grand Véfour in the Palais-Royal dates from the same period. The famous Paris restaurants of the 19th century, including the Café de Paris, the Rocher de Cancale, the Café Anglais, Maison Dorée and the Café Riche, were mostly located near the theatres on the Boulevard des Italiens; they were immortalised in the novels of Balzac and Émile Zola. Several of the best-known restaurants in Paris today appeared during the Belle Epoque, including Maxim's on Rue Royale, Ledoyen in the gardens of the Champs-Élysées, and the Tour d'Argent on the Quai de la Tournelle.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Paris

text: has

text: been

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: restaurants

text: and

text: haute

text: cuisine

text: food

text: meticulously

text: prepared

text: and

text: artfully

text: presented

text: A

text: luxury

text: restaurant

text: La

text: Taverne

text: Anglaise

text: opened

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: arcades

text: of

text: the

text: Palais

text: Royal

text: by

text: Antoine

text: Beauvilliers

text: it

text: featured

text: an

text: elegant

text: dining

text: room

text: an

text: extensive

text: menu

text: linen

text: tablecloths

text: a

text: large

text: wine

text: list

text: and

text: well

text: trained

text: waiters

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: future

text: Paris

text: restaurants

text: The

text: restaurant

text: Le

text: Grand

text: Véfour

text: in

text: the

text: Palais

text: Royal

text: dates

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: The

text: famous

text: Paris

text: restaurants

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: including

text: the

text: Café

text: de

text: Paris

text: the

text: Rocher

text: de

text: Cancale

text: the

text: Café

text: Anglais

text: Maison

text: Dorée

text: and

text: the

text: Café

text: Riche

text: were

text: mostly

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: theatres

text: on

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: des

text: Italiens

text: they

text: were

text: immortalised

text: in

text: the

text: novels

text: of

text: Balzac

text: and

text: Émile

text: Zola

text: Several

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: restaurants

text: in

text: Paris

text: today

text: appeared

text: during

text: the

text: Belle

text: Epoque

text: including

text: Maxim

text: 's

text: on

text: Rue

text: Royale

text: Ledoyen

text: in

text: the

text: gardens

text: of

text: the

text: Champs

text: Élysées

text: and

text: the

text: Tour

text: d'Argent

text: on

text: the

text: Quai

text: de

text: la

text: Tournelle

question: What is the model for luxury Parisian restaurants?

answer: La Taverne Anglaise

text: La Taverne Anglaise

question: When did La Taverne Angaise open?

answer: 1786

question: In what century was Cafe Anglais, Cafe de Paris and Rocher de Cancale opened?

answer: 19th

question: Near what were most restaurants opened?

answer: theatres

text: theatres


text: Judge Taylor appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, Mayella Ewell. Although many of Maycomb's citizens disapprove, Atticus agrees to defend Tom to the best of his ability. Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus's actions, calling him a "nigger-lover". Scout is tempted to stand up for her father's honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to. Atticus faces a group of men intent on lynching Tom. This danger is averted when Scout, Jem, and Dill shame the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus' and Tom's points of view.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Judge

text: Taylor

text: appoints

text: Atticus

text: to

text: defend

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: a

text: black

text: man

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: accused

text: of

text: raping

text: a

text: young

text: white

text: woman

text: Mayella

text: Ewell

text: Although

text: many

text: of

text: Maycomb

text: 's

text: citizens

text: disapprove

text: Atticus

text: agrees

text: to

text: defend

text: Tom

text: to

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: his

text: ability

text: Other

text: children

text: taunt

text: Jem

text: and

text: Scout

text: for

text: Atticus

text: 's

text: actions

text: calling

text: him

text: a

text: nigger

text: lover

text: Scout

text: is

text: tempted

text: to

text: stand

text: up

text: for

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: honor

text: by

text: fighting

text: even

text: though

text: he

text: has

text: told

text: her

text: not

text: to

text: Atticus

text: faces

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: men

text: intent

text: on

text: lynching

text: Tom

text: This

text: danger

text: is

text: averted

text: when

text: Scout

text: Jem

text: and

text: Dill

text: shame

text: the

text: mob

text: into

text: dispersing

text: by

text: forcing

text: them

text: to

text: view

text: the

text: situation

text: from

text: Atticus

text: and

text: Tom

text: 's

text: points

text: of

text: view

question: What was the name of the woman who was allegedly raped in the book?

answer: Mayella Ewell

text: Mayella Ewell

question: What is the name of Atticus' client in the rape trial?

answer: Tom Robinson

text: Tom Robinson

question: Who stopped the mob by shaming them?

answer: Scout, Jem, and Dill

text: Scout, Jem, and Dill


text: The west end of these streets is Bowery and Third Avenue, except for 3rd Street (formerly Amity Place; to Sixth Avenue) and 4th Street (to 13th Street), which extend west and north, respectively, into Greenwich Village. Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: The

text: west

text: end

text: of

text: these

text: streets

text: is

text: Bowery

text: and

text: Third

text: Avenue

text: except

text: for

text: Street

text: formerly

text: Amity

text: Place

text: to

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Street

text: to

text: Street

text: which

text: extend

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: respectively

text: into

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: Great

text: Jones

text: Street

text: connects

text: East

text: to

text: West

question: What name did 3rd Street previously hold?

answer: Amity Place

text: Amity Place

question: Which village do 3rd and 4th Street extend into?

answer: Greenwich

text: Greenwich

question: Which street connects East 3rd to West 3rd?

answer: Great Jones

text: Great Jones

question: The west end of these streets is Third Avenue and where?

answer: Bowery

text: Bowery


text: Old English was first written in runes, using the futhorc – a rune set derived from the Germanic 24-character elder futhark, extended by five more runes used to represent Anglo-Saxon vowel sounds, and sometimes by several more additional characters. From around the 9th century, the runic system came to be supplanted by a (minuscule) half-uncial script of the Latin alphabet introduced by Irish Christian missionaries. This was replaced by insular script, a cursive and pointed version of the half-uncial script. This was used until the end of the 12th century when continental Carolingian minuscule (also known as Caroline) replaced the insular.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: Old

text: English

text: was

text: first

text: written

text: in

text: runes

text: using

text: the

text: futhorc

text: a

text: rune

text: set

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Germanic

text: elder

text: futhark

text: extended

text: by

text: five

text: more

text: runes

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: vowel

text: sounds

text: and

text: sometimes

text: by

text: several

text: more

text: additional

text: characters

text: From

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: runic

text: system

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: supplanted

text: by

text: a

text: minuscule

text: half

text: uncial

text: script

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: introduced

text: by

text: Irish

text: Christian

text: missionaries

text: This

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: insular

text: script

text: a

text: cursive

text: and

text: pointed

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: half

text: uncial

text: script

text: This

text: was

text: used

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: continental

text: Carolingian

text: minuscule

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Caroline

text: replaced

text: the

text: insular

question: What was written using the Germanic 24-character elder Furthark?

text: Old English

question: How many Anglo-Saxon vowels were there?

text: five

question: What script came into use in the 900's?

text: half-uncial script

question: Who introduced a Latin script in the 900's?

text: Irish Christian missionaries.

question: What writing form came into use in the 1200's?

text: Carolingian minuscule


text: In May 2013, Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years; the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966. President Barack Obama praised the former general for political and economic reforms, and the cessation of tensions between Myanmar and the United States. Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar but Obama assured Thein Sein that Myanmar will receive US support. The two leaders discussed to release more political prisoners, the institutionalisation of political reform and rule of law, and ending ethnic conflict in Myanmar—the two governments agreed to sign a bilateral trade and investment framework agreement on 21 May 2013.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: May

text: Thein

text: Sein

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Myanmar

text: president

text: to

text: visit

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: in

text: years

text: the

text: last

text: Burmese

text: leader

text: to

text: visit

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: was

text: Ne

text: Win

text: in

text: September

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: praised

text: the

text: former

text: general

text: for

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: reforms

text: and

text: the

text: cessation

text: of

text: tensions

text: between

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Political

text: activists

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: visit

text: due

text: to

text: concerns

text: over

text: human

text: rights

text: abuses

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: but

text: Obama

text: assured

text: Thein

text: Sein

text: that

text: Myanmar

text: will

text: receive

text: US

text: support

text: The

text: two

text: leaders

text: discussed

text: to

text: release

text: more

text: political

text: prisoners

text: the

text: institutionalisation

text: of

text: political

text: reform

text: and

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: ending

text: ethnic

text: conflict

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: the

text: two

text: governments

text: agreed

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: bilateral

text: trade

text: and

text: investment

text: framework

text: agreement

text: on

text: May

question: Who is the first official Burmese delegate to visit the white house following the 2010 elections in Burma ?

answer: Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years

text: Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years

question: When was the most prior visit from a Burmese representative to the  United States prior to 2010 ?

answer: the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966

text: the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966

question: Was the visit from the Burmese delegate welcome in the United States in 2010?

answer: Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar

text: Political activists objected to the visit due to concerns over human rights abuses in Myanmar

question: Did the visit to the United States result in the release of political prisoners in Burma ?

answer: leaders discussed to release more political prisoners

text: leaders discussed to release more political prisoners

question: What agreements were made in the visit to the United States by the Burmese in the 21 century ?

answer: to sign a bilateral trade and investment framework agreement on 21 May 2013.

text: to sign a bilateral trade and investment framework agreement on 21 May 2013.


text: Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of surface absorbency to suit ink or paint.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Besides

text: the

text: fibres

text: pulps

text: may

text: contain

text: fillers

text: such

text: as

text: chalk

text: or

text: china

text: clay

text: which

text: improve

text: its

text: characteristics

text: for

text: printing

text: or

text: writing

text: Additives

text: for

text: sizing

text: purposes

text: may

text: be

text: mixed

text: with

text: it

text: and/or

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: paper

text: web

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: process

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: such

text: sizing

text: is

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: correct

text: level

text: of

text: surface

text: absorbency

text: to

text: suit

text: ink

text: or

text: paint

question: What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?

answer: china clay

text: china clay

question: What is added for sizing purposes?

answer: Additives

text: Additives

question: What besides china clay is used as a filler?

answer: chalk

text: chalk

question: Pulps only contain fibers and never what?

text: fillers

question: What are chalk, china clay and pulp an example of?

text: fillers

question: When are additives for pulp purposes mixed?

text: later in the manufacturing process

question: What purposes does sizing the filler serve?

question: What type of clay damages the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?

text: china clay

question: What besides china clay is not used as a filler?

text: chalk


text: A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives. This study examined 17 subjects, (average age 53) with normal memory performance. Eight subjects were asked to follow a "brain healthy" diet, relaxation, physical, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques). After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: A

text: UCLA

text: research

text: study

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: June

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Journal

text: of

text: Geriatric

text: Psychiatry

text: found

text: that

text: people

text: can

text: improve

text: cognitive

text: function

text: and

text: brain

text: efficiency

text: through

text: simple

text: lifestyle

text: changes

text: such

text: as

text: incorporating

text: memory

text: exercises

text: healthy

text: eating

text: physical

text: fitness

text: and

text: stress

text: reduction

text: into

text: their

text: daily

text: lives

text: This

text: study

text: examined

text: subjects

text: average

text: age

text: with

text: normal

text: memory

text: performance

text: Eight

text: subjects

text: were

text: asked

text: to

text: follow

text: a

text: brain

text: healthy

text: diet

text: relaxation

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: exercise

text: brain

text: teasers

text: and

text: verbal

text: memory

text: training

text: techniques

text: After

text: days

text: they

text: showed

text: greater

text: word

text: fluency

text: not

text: memory

text: compared

text: to

text: their

text: baseline

text: performance

text: No

text: long

text: term

text: follow

text: up

text: was

text: conducted

text: it

text: is

text: therefore

text: unclear

text: if

text: this

text: intervention

text: has

text: lasting

text: effects

text: on

text: memory

question: Can one increase their brain efficency?

answer: people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency

text: people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency

question: What can a person do to increase their brain efficiency?

answer: simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction

text: simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction

question: In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have?

answer: After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance.

text: After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance.

question: Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory?

answer: it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

text: it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

question: Who published a study in a June 2006 issue of UCLA?

question: Can one increase their brain unefficency?

question: What can people improve through complex lifestyle changes?

text: cognitive function and brain efficiency

question: After 17 says, they showed greater what?

text: word fluency

question: How many subjects had the average age of 17?

text: 17 subjects


text: The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA's creation, the program was transferred over to the civilian agency and renamed Project Mercury on November 26, 1958. NASA selected a new group of astronaut (from the Greek for "star sailor") candidates from Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilots, and narrowed this down to a group of seven for the program. Capsule design and astronaut training began immediately, working toward preliminary suborbital flights on the Redstone missile, followed by orbital flights on the Atlas. Each flight series would first start unmanned, then carry a primate, then finally men.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: US

text: Air

text: Force

text: had

text: been

text: developing

text: a

text: program

text: to

text: launch

text: the

text: first

text: man

text: in

text: space

text: named

text: Man

text: in

text: Space

text: Soonest

text: This

text: program

text: studied

text: several

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: one

text: man

text: space

text: vehicles

text: settling

text: on

text: a

text: ballistic

text: re

text: entry

text: capsule

text: launched

text: on

text: a

text: derivative

text: Atlas

text: missile

text: and

text: selecting

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: nine

text: candidate

text: pilots

text: After

text: NASA

text: 's

text: creation

text: the

text: program

text: was

text: transferred

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: civilian

text: agency

text: and

text: renamed

text: Project

text: Mercury

text: on

text: November

text: NASA

text: selected

text: a

text: new

text: group

text: of

text: astronaut

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: for

text: star

text: sailor

text: candidates

text: from

text: Navy

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: Marine

text: test

text: pilots

text: and

text: narrowed

text: this

text: down

text: to

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: seven

text: for

text: the

text: program

text: Capsule

text: design

text: and

text: astronaut

text: training

text: began

text: immediately

text: working

text: toward

text: preliminary

text: suborbital

text: flights

text: on

text: the

text: Redstone

text: missile

text: followed

text: by

text: orbital

text: flights

text: on

text: the

text: Atlas

text: Each

text: flight

text: series

text: would

text: first

text: start

text: unmanned

text: then

text: carry

text: a

text: primate

text: then

text: finally

text: men

question: Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?

answer: US Air Force

text: US Air Force

question: Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?

answer: Project Mercury

text: Project Mercury


text: On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: On

text: January

text: Yugoslavia

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: communist

text: country

text: to

text: open

text: its

text: borders

text: to

text: all

text: foreign

text: visitors

text: and

text: abolish

text: visa

text: requirements

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Tito

text: became

text: active

text: in

text: promoting

text: a

text: peaceful

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Israeli

text: conflict

text: His

text: plan

text: called

text: for

text: Arabs

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Israel

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: territories

text: Israel

text: gained

question: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?

answer: Yugoslavia

text: Yugoslavia

question: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?

answer: 1967

question: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?

answer: 1967

question: Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes?

answer: 1967


text: Queen drew artistic influence from British rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s, such as the Beatles, the Kinks, Cream, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, the Who, Black Sabbath, Slade, Deep Purple, David Bowie, Genesis and Yes, in addition to American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, with Mercury also inspired by the gospel singer Aretha Franklin. May referred to the Beatles as being "our bible in the way they used the studio and they painted pictures and this wonderful instinctive use of harmonies." At their outset in the early 1970s, Queen's music has been characterised as "Led Zeppelin meets Yes" due to its combination of "acoustic/electric guitar extremes and fantasy-inspired multi-part song epics".

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Queen

text: drew

text: artistic

text: influence

text: from

text: British

text: rock

text: acts

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Beatles

text: the

text: Kinks

text: Cream

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: Pink

text: Floyd

text: the

text: Who

text: Black

text: Sabbath

text: Slade

text: Deep

text: Purple

text: David

text: Bowie

text: Genesis

text: and

text: Yes

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: American

text: guitarist

text: Jimi

text: Hendrix

text: with

text: Mercury

text: also

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: gospel

text: singer

text: Aretha

text: Franklin

text: May

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: Beatles

text: as

text: being

text: our

text: bible

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: they

text: used

text: the

text: studio

text: and

text: they

text: painted

text: pictures

text: and

text: this

text: wonderful

text: instinctive

text: use

text: of

text: harmonies

text: At

text: their

text: outset

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Queen

text: 's

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: characterised

text: as

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: meets

text: Yes

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: combination

text: of

text: acoustic

text: electric

text: guitar

text: extremes

text: and

text: fantasy

text: inspired

text: multi

text: part

text: song

text: epics

question: Which guitarist inspired Queen?

answer: Jimi Hendrix

text: Jimi Hendrix

question: What gospel singer did Freddie Mercury cite as an inspiration?

answer: Aretha Franklin

text: Aretha Franklin

question: Queen's sound has been described as a mix of Led Zeppelin and what other band?

answer: Yes

text: Yes

question: What nationality were the rock groups that influenced Queen?

answer: British

text: British

question: What band named after a floating vehicle influenced Queen?

answer: Led Zeppelin

text: Led Zeppelin


text: The staple foods were generally consumed around 11 o'clock, and consisted of bread, lettuce, cheese, fruits, nuts, and cold meat left over from the dinner the night before.[citation needed] The Roman poet Horace mentions another Roman favorite, the olive, in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "As for me, olives, endives, and smooth mallows provide sustenance." The family ate together, sitting on stools around a table. Fingers were used to eat solid foods and spoons were used for soups.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: staple

text: foods

text: were

text: generally

text: consumed

text: around

text: o'clock

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: bread

text: lettuce

text: cheese

text: fruits

text: nuts

text: and

text: cold

text: meat

text: left

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: dinner

text: the

text: night

text: before.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: Roman

text: poet

text: Horace

text: mentions

text: another

text: Roman

text: favorite

text: the

text: olive

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: his

text: own

text: diet

text: which

text: he

text: describes

text: as

text: very

text: simple

text: As

text: for

text: me

text: olives

text: endives

text: and

text: smooth

text: mallows

text: provide

text: sustenance

text: The

text: family

text: ate

text: together

text: sitting

text: on

text: stools

text: around

text: a

text: table

text: Fingers

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: eat

text: solid

text: foods

text: and

text: spoons

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: soups.[citation

text: needed

question: When were the staple foods in the Roman republic typically eaten at?

answer: 11 o'clock

text: 11 o'clock

question: What did people in the Roman Republic use to consume solid foods?

answer: Fingers were used

text: Fingers were used

question: What type of food was cheese considered to be in Rome?

answer: staple

text: staple

question: What form of expression did the Roman Horace practice?

answer: poet

text: poet

question: What did Romans sit on when they had a meal at home?

answer: stools

text: stools


text: The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE), and New Iranian (since 900 CE). Of the Old Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran), Parthian, and Bactrian.

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: The

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: or

text: Iranic

text: languages

text: form

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: are

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: family

text: The

text: speakers

text: of

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Iranian

text: peoples

text: Historical

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: are

text: grouped

text: in

text: three

text: stages

text: Old

text: Iranian

text: until

text: BCE

text: Middle

text: Iranian

text: BCE

text: CE

text: and

text: New

text: Iranian

text: since

text: CE

text: Of

text: the

text: Old

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: the

text: better

text: understood

text: and

text: recorded

text: ones

text: are

text: Old

text: Persian

text: a

text: language

text: of

text: Achaemenid

text: Iran

text: and

text: Avestan

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Avesta

text: Middle

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: included

text: Middle

text: Persian

text: a

text: language

text: of

text: Sassanid

text: Iran

text: Parthian

text: and

text: Bactrian

question: What is another term meaning Iranian languages?

answer: Iranic languages

text: Iranic languages

question: What are the Iranic languages a subgroup of?

answer: Indo-Iranian languages

text: Indo-Iranian languages

question: What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of?

answer: Indo-European language family

text: Indo-European language family

question: When did the change from Old Iranian to Middle Iranian occur?

answer: 400 BCE

text: 400 BCE

question: What is an example of a Sassanid language?

answer: Middle Persian

text: Middle Persian

question: What stage of Iranian languages from 400 BCE to 900 CE includes old Persian?

text: Middle Iranian

question: What stage of Iranian language was in use until 400 BCE and included Parthian and Bactrian?

text: Old Iranian

question: When did the change from old Iranian to new Iranian occur?

text: 400 BCE

question: Where are the old Iranian languages Parthian and Bactrian from?

text: Sassanid Iran


text: In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered and developed chlorothiazide, which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today. This development was associated with a substantial decline in the mortality rate among people with hypertension. The inventors were recognized by a Public Health Lasker Award in 1975 for "the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension".

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: In

text: researchers

text: at

text: Ciba

text: discovered

text: the

text: first

text: orally

text: available

text: vasodilator

text: hydralazine

text: A

text: major

text: shortcoming

text: of

text: hydralazine

text: monotherapy

text: was

text: that

text: it

text: lost

text: its

text: effectiveness

text: over

text: time

text: tachyphylaxis

text: In

text: the

text: Karl

text: H.

text: Beyer

text: James

text: M.

text: Sprague

text: John

text: E.

text: Baer

text: and

text: Frederick

text: C.

text: Novello

text: of

text: Merck

text: and

text: Co.

text: discovered

text: and

text: developed

text: chlorothiazide

text: which

text: remains

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: antihypertensive

text: drug

text: today

text: This

text: development

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: substantial

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: mortality

text: rate

text: among

text: people

text: with

text: hypertension

text: The

text: inventors

text: were

text: recognized

text: by

text: a

text: Public

text: Health

text: Lasker

text: Award

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: saving

text: of

text: untold

text: thousands

text: of

text: lives

text: and

text: the

text: alleviation

text: of

text: the

text: suffering

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: victims

text: of

text: hypertension

question: Who discovered Hydralazine?

answer: researchers at Ciba

text: researchers at Ciba

question: Why were the researchers recognized in 1975?

answer: the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension

text: the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension

question: Who developed Chlorothiazide?

answer: Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co

text: Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co

question: What is  Chlorothiazide used to treat?

answer: hypertension

text: hypertension

question: What was the main shortcoming in the drug Hydralazine?

answer: lost its effectiveness over time

text: lost its effectiveness over time

question: What was the name of the first oral vasodilator?

answer: hydralazine

text: hydralazine

question: What is the most used antihypertensive drug today?

answer: chlorothiazide

text: chlorothiazide

question: Beyer, Sprague, Baer, and Novello received what award in 1975?

answer: Public Health Lasker Award

text: Public Health Lasker Award

question: In what year was hydralazine discovered?

answer: 1952

question: Chlorothiazide helped reduce the mortality rate among those with what disease?

answer: hypertension

text: hypertension

question: Who discovered Lasker?

text: researchers at Ciba

question: Why were the researchers recognized in 1952?

question: who developed Ciba?

question: What is Ciba used to treat?

text: hypertension

question: What was the main shortcoming in the drug Ciba?

text: lost its effectiveness over time


text: A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain. It is built along a support boom that is pointed toward the signal, and thus sees no induced signal and does not contribute to the antenna's operation. The end closer to the source is referred to as the front. Near the rear is a single active element, typically a half-wave dipole or folded dipole. Passive elements are arranged in front (directors) and behind (reflectors) the active element along the boom. The Yagi has the inherent quality that it becomes increasingly directional, and thus has higher gain, as the number of elements increases. However, this also makes it increasingly sensitive to changes in frequency; if the signal frequency changes, not only does the active element receive less energy directly, but all of the passive elements adding to that signal also decrease their output as well and their signals no longer reach the active element in-phase.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: A

text: Yagi

text: Uda

text: array

text: uses

text: passive

text: elements

text: to

text: greatly

text: increase

text: gain

text: It

text: is

text: built

text: along

text: a

text: support

text: boom

text: that

text: is

text: pointed

text: toward

text: the

text: signal

text: and

text: thus

text: sees

text: no

text: induced

text: signal

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: operation

text: The

text: end

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: source

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: front

text: Near

text: the

text: rear

text: is

text: a

text: single

text: active

text: element

text: typically

text: a

text: half

text: wave

text: dipole

text: or

text: folded

text: dipole

text: Passive

text: elements

text: are

text: arranged

text: in

text: front

text: directors

text: and

text: behind

text: reflectors

text: the

text: active

text: element

text: along

text: the

text: boom

text: The

text: Yagi

text: has

text: the

text: inherent

text: quality

text: that

text: it

text: becomes

text: increasingly

text: directional

text: and

text: thus

text: has

text: higher

text: gain

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: elements

text: increases

text: However

text: this

text: also

text: makes

text: it

text: increasingly

text: sensitive

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: frequency

text: if

text: the

text: signal

text: frequency

text: changes

text: not

text: only

text: does

text: the

text: active

text: element

text: receive

text: less

text: energy

text: directly

text: but

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: passive

text: elements

text: adding

text: to

text: that

text: signal

text: also

text: decrease

text: their

text: output

text: as

text: well

text: and

text: their

text: signals

text: no

text: longer

text: reach

text: the

text: active

text: element

text: in

text: phase

question: What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain?

answer: Yagi-Uda array

text: Yagi-Uda array

question: Does this device improve the operation of the antenna?

answer: does not contribute

text: does not contribute

question: What is the name for passive elements nearer to the source of the signal?

answer: directors

text: directors

question: Adding more elements to a Yagi-Uda would have what effect?

answer: increasingly directional

text: increasingly directional


text: In 2001, Apple introduced Mac OS X, based on Darwin and NEXTSTEP; its new features included the Dock and the Aqua user interface. During the transition, Apple included a virtual machine subsystem known as Classic, allowing users to run Mac OS 9 applications under Mac OS X 10.4 and earlier on PowerPC machines. Apple introduced Mac OS X 10.8 in February, and it was made available in the summer of 2012. Mountain Lion includes many new features, such as Mission Control, the Mac App Store (available to Mac OS X v10.6.6 "Snow Leopard." users by software update), Launchpad, an application viewer and launcher akin to the iOS Home Screen, and Resume, a feature similar to the hibernate function found in Microsoft Windows. The most recent version is OS X El Capitan . In addition to Mavericks, all new Macs are bundled with assorted Apple-produced applications, including iLife, the Safari web browser and the iTunes media player. Apple introduced Mavericks at WWDC 2013 in June, and released it on October 15 of that year. It is free of charge to everyone running Snow Leopard or later and is compatible with most Macs from 2007 and later. Mavericks brought a lot of the iOS apps, functions, and feel to the Mac as well as better multi display support, iBooks, Maps, app nap, and other upgrades to improve performance and battery life.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: based

text: on

text: Darwin

text: and

text: NEXTSTEP

text: its

text: new

text: features

text: included

text: the

text: Dock

text: and

text: the

text: Aqua

text: user

text: interface

text: During

text: the

text: transition

text: Apple

text: included

text: a

text: virtual

text: machine

text: subsystem

text: known

text: as

text: Classic

text: allowing

text: users

text: to

text: run

text: Mac

text: OS

text: applications

text: under

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: and

text: earlier

text: on

text: PowerPC

text: machines

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: made

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: Mountain

text: Lion

text: includes

text: many

text: new

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: Mission

text: Control

text: the

text: Mac

text: App

text: Store

text: available

text: to

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: Snow

text: Leopard

text: users

text: by

text: software

text: update

text: Launchpad

text: an

text: application

text: viewer

text: and

text: launcher

text: akin

text: to

text: the

text: iOS

text: Home

text: Screen

text: and

text: Resume

text: a

text: feature

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: hibernate

text: function

text: found

text: in

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: version

text: is

text: OS

text: X

text: El

text: Capitan

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Mavericks

text: all

text: new

text: Macs

text: are

text: bundled

text: with

text: assorted

text: Apple

text: produced

text: applications

text: including

text: iLife

text: the

text: Safari

text: web

text: browser

text: and

text: the

text: iTunes

text: media

text: player

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: Mavericks

text: at

text: WWDC

text: in

text: June

text: and

text: released

text: it

text: on

text: October

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: It

text: is

text: free

text: of

text: charge

text: to

text: everyone

text: running

text: Snow

text: Leopard

text: or

text: later

text: and

text: is

text: compatible

text: with

text: most

text: Macs

text: from

text: and

text: later

text: Mavericks

text: brought

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: the

text: iOS

text: apps

text: functions

text: and

text: feel

text: to

text: the

text: Mac

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: better

text: multi

text: display

text: support

text: iBooks

text: Maps

text: app

text: nap

text: and

text: other

text: upgrades

text: to

text: improve

text: performance

text: and

text: battery

text: life

question: What was Apple's Mac OS X based on?

answer: Darwin and NEXTSTEP

text: Darwin and NEXTSTEP

question: Who did Apple make Maverick free to?

answer: everyone running Snow Leopard or later

text: everyone running Snow Leopard or later

question: What computers is Maverick compatible with?

answer: most Macs from 2007 and later

text: most Macs from 2007 and later

question: What brought better multi display support to Mac?

answer: Mavericks

text: Mavericks

question: When was Mavericks introduced?

answer: 2013

question: What was Apple's Mac OS XX based on?

text: Darwin and NEXTSTEP

question: Who did Microsoft make Maverick free to?

text: everyone running Snow Leopard or later

question: What computers is Maverick incompatible with?

text: most Macs from 2007 and later

question: What brought better single display support to Mac?

text: Mavericks

question: When was Mavericks scrapped?


text: The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: 's

text: chief

text: tool

text: against

text: organized

text: crime

text: is

text: the

text: Racketeer

text: Influenced

text: and

text: Corrupt

text: Organizations

text: RICO

text: Act

text: The

text: FBI

text: is

text: also

text: charged

text: with

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: enforcing

text: compliance

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: and

text: investigating

text: violations

text: of

text: the

text: act

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: prosecuting

text: such

text: violations

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: DOJ

text: The

text: FBI

text: also

text: shares

text: concurrent

text: jurisdiction

text: with

text: the

text: Drug

text: Enforcement

text: Administration

text: DEA

text: in

text: the

text: enforcement

text: of

text: the

text: Controlled

text: Substances

text: Act

text: of

question: What is the FBI's main tool against organized crime?

answer: RICO

text: RICO

question: What act is the FBI required to enforce?

answer: Civil Rights Act of 1964

text: Civil Rights Act of 1964

question: What organization does the FBI prosecute violations of the United States Civil Rights Act with?

answer: DOJ

text: DOJ

question: What organization does the FBI share jurisdiction with?

answer: DEA

text: DEA

question: What Substance act does the FBI enforce?

answer: Controlled Substances Act of 1970

text: Controlled Substances Act of 1970

question: What is the FBI's least used tool against organized crime?

text: RICO

question: What is the CIA also responsible for?

question: What is not required to enforce compliance with the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964?

text: FBI

question: What enforcement does the FBI not share with the DEA?

question: Where does the FBI not investigate violations of the Civil Rights Act?

text: United States Department of Justice


text: The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: difficulties

text: and

text: calamities

text: including

text: famine

text: plague

text: and

text: war

text: which

text: significantly

text: diminished

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Europe

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: killed

text: about

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: Europeans

text: Controversy

text: heresy

text: and

text: schism

text: within

text: the

text: Church

text: paralleled

text: the

text: interstate

text: conflict

text: civil

text: strife

text: and

text: peasant

text: revolts

text: that

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: Cultural

text: and

text: technological

text: developments

text: transformed

text: European

text: society

text: concluding

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: beginning

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

question: When did the Black Death end?

answer: 1350

question: In what period of the Middle Ages did the Black Death occur?

answer: Late

text: Late

question: What portion of the European population died in the Black Death?

answer: a third

text: a third

question: What era occurred after the Late Middle Ages?

answer: the early modern period

text: the early modern period

question: Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages?

answer: heresy

text: heresy


text: Several measurement methods have been developed to control glare resulting from indoor lighting design. The Unified Glare Rating (UGR), the Visual Comfort Probability, and the Daylight Glare Index are some of the most well-known methods of measurement. In addition to these new methods, four main factors influence the degree of discomfort glare; the luminance of the glare source, the solid angle of the glare source, the background luminance, and the position of the glare source in the field of view must all be taken into account.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Several

text: measurement

text: methods

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: to

text: control

text: glare

text: resulting

text: from

text: indoor

text: lighting

text: design

text: The

text: Unified

text: Glare

text: Rating

text: UGR

text: the

text: Visual

text: Comfort

text: Probability

text: and

text: the

text: Daylight

text: Glare

text: Index

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: methods

text: of

text: measurement

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: these

text: new

text: methods

text: four

text: main

text: factors

text: influence

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: discomfort

text: glare

text: the

text: luminance

text: of

text: the

text: glare

text: source

text: the

text: solid

text: angle

text: of

text: the

text: glare

text: source

text: the

text: background

text: luminance

text: and

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: glare

text: source

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: view

text: must

text: all

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

question: What does UGR stand for?

answer: Unified Glare Rating

text: Unified Glare Rating


text: The Age of Enlightenment was a European affair. The 17th century "Age of Reason" opened the avenues to the decisive steps towards modern science, which took place during the 18th century "Age of Enlightenment". Directly based on the works of Newton, Descartes, Pascal and Leibniz, the way was now clear to the development of modern mathematics, physics and technology by the generation of Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) and Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783), epitomized in the appearance of Denis Diderot's Encyclopédie between 1751 and 1772. The impact of this process was not limited to science and technology, but affected philosophy (Immanuel Kant, David Hume), religion (the increasingly significant impact of science upon religion), and society and politics in general (Adam Smith, Voltaire), the French Revolution of 1789 setting a bloody cesura indicating the beginning of political modernity[citation needed]. The early modern period is seen as a flowering of the European Renaissance, in what is often known as the Scientific Revolution, viewed as a foundation of modern science.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: The

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: was

text: a

text: European

text: affair

text: The

text: century

text: Age

text: of

text: Reason

text: opened

text: the

text: avenues

text: to

text: the

text: decisive

text: steps

text: towards

text: modern

text: science

text: which

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: Directly

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Newton

text: Descartes

text: Pascal

text: and

text: Leibniz

text: the

text: way

text: was

text: now

text: clear

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: modern

text: mathematics

text: physics

text: and

text: technology

text: by

text: the

text: generation

text: of

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: Leonhard

text: Euler

text: Mikhail

text: Lomonosov

text: and

text: Jean

text: le

text: Rond

text: d'Alembert

text: epitomized

text: in

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: Denis

text: Diderot

text: 's

text: Encyclopédie

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: impact

text: of

text: this

text: process

text: was

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: but

text: affected

text: philosophy

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: David

text: Hume

text: religion

text: the

text: increasingly

text: significant

text: impact

text: of

text: science

text: upon

text: religion

text: and

text: society

text: and

text: politics

text: in

text: general

text: Adam

text: Smith

text: Voltaire

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: of

text: setting

text: a

text: bloody

text: cesura

text: indicating

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: political

text: modernity[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: flowering

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Renaissance

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Scientific

text: Revolution

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: foundation

text: of

text: modern

text: science

question: The Age of Reason made way for which movement?

answer: Age of Enlightenment

text: Age of Enlightenment

question: What event is considered to be the start of political modernity?

answer: the French Revolution of 1789

text: the French Revolution of 1789

question: What book did Denis Diderot write?

answer: Encyclopédie

text: Encyclopédie


text: The word gene is derived (via pangene) from the Ancient Greek word γένος (génos) meaning "race, offspring". Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: word

text: gene

text: is

text: derived

text: via

text: pangene

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: word

text: γένος

text: génos

text: meaning

text: race

text: offspring

text: Gene

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: by

text: Danish

text: botanist

text: Wilhelm

text: Johannsen

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: fundamental

text: physical

text: and

text: functional

text: unit

text: of

text: heredity

text: while

text: the

text: related

text: word

text: genetics

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: William

text: Bateson

text: in

question: What ancient Greek word is the word 'gene' derived from?

answer: γένος (génos)

text: γένος (génos)

question: What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean?

answer: "race, offspring"

text: "race, offspring"

question: What Danish botanist coined the word 'gene'?

answer: Wilhelm Johannsen

text: Wilhelm Johannsen

question: What was the word 'gene' used to describe in 1909?

answer: the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

text: the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

question: Who first used the word 'genetics' in 1905?

answer: William Bateson

text: William Bateson


text: Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Since

text: the

text: Spanish

text: transition

text: to

text: democracy

text: Catalan

text: has

text: been

text: recognized

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: language

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: language

text: of

text: mass

text: media

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: its

text: increased

text: prestige

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: parallel

text: in

text: Europe

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: large

text: bilingual

text: non

text: state

text: speech

text: community

question: What happened in 1975-1982?

answer: Spanish transition to democracy

text: Spanish transition to democracy

question: What has this official language state done for Catalan?

answer: increased prestige

text: increased prestige

question: Where is there nothing like this non-state speech community?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: Besides being the official language and language of education, what other group uses Catalan?

answer: mass media

text: mass media


text: The Protestant Reformation inspired a literal interpretation of the Bible, with concepts of creation that conflicted with the findings of an emerging science seeking explanations congruent with the mechanical philosophy of René Descartes and the empiricism of the Baconian method. After the turmoil of the English Civil War, the Royal Society wanted to show that science did not threaten religious and political stability. John Ray developed an influential natural theology of rational order; in his taxonomy, species were static and fixed, their adaptation and complexity designed by God, and varieties showed minor differences caused by local conditions. In God's benevolent design, carnivores caused mercifully swift death, but the suffering caused by parasitism was a puzzling problem. The biological classification introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1735 also viewed species as fixed according to the divine plan. In 1766, Georges Buffon suggested that some similar species, such as horses and asses, or lions, tigers, and leopards, might be varieties descended from a common ancestor. The Ussher chronology of the 1650s had calculated creation at 4004 BC, but by the 1780s geologists assumed a much older world. Wernerians thought strata were deposits from shrinking seas, but James Hutton proposed a self-maintaining infinite cycle, anticipating uniformitarianism.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: The

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: inspired

text: a

text: literal

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: with

text: concepts

text: of

text: creation

text: that

text: conflicted

text: with

text: the

text: findings

text: of

text: an

text: emerging

text: science

text: seeking

text: explanations

text: congruent

text: with

text: the

text: mechanical

text: philosophy

text: of

text: René

text: Descartes

text: and

text: the

text: empiricism

text: of

text: the

text: Baconian

text: method

text: After

text: the

text: turmoil

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: wanted

text: to

text: show

text: that

text: science

text: did

text: not

text: threaten

text: religious

text: and

text: political

text: stability

text: John

text: Ray

text: developed

text: an

text: influential

text: natural

text: theology

text: of

text: rational

text: order

text: in

text: his

text: taxonomy

text: species

text: were

text: static

text: and

text: fixed

text: their

text: adaptation

text: and

text: complexity

text: designed

text: by

text: God

text: and

text: varieties

text: showed

text: minor

text: differences

text: caused

text: by

text: local

text: conditions

text: In

text: God

text: 's

text: benevolent

text: design

text: carnivores

text: caused

text: mercifully

text: swift

text: death

text: but

text: the

text: suffering

text: caused

text: by

text: parasitism

text: was

text: a

text: puzzling

text: problem

text: The

text: biological

text: classification

text: introduced

text: by

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: in

text: also

text: viewed

text: species

text: as

text: fixed

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: divine

text: plan

text: In

text: Georges

text: Buffon

text: suggested

text: that

text: some

text: similar

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: horses

text: and

text: asses

text: or

text: lions

text: tigers

text: and

text: leopards

text: might

text: be

text: varieties

text: descended

text: from

text: a

text: common

text: ancestor

text: The

text: Ussher

text: chronology

text: of

text: the

text: had

text: calculated

text: creation

text: at

text: BC

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: geologists

text: assumed

text: a

text: much

text: older

text: world

text: Wernerians

text: thought

text: strata

text: were

text: deposits

text: from

text: shrinking

text: seas

text: but

text: James

text: Hutton

text: proposed

text: a

text: self

text: maintaining

text: infinite

text: cycle

text: anticipating

text: uniformitarianism

question: Which group wanted to assuage fears that science was a threat to religious stability?

answer: the Royal Society

text: the Royal Society

question: Whose theory claimed that species were unchanging and designed by God?

answer: John Ray

text: John Ray

question: Who created a biological classification in 1735?

answer: Carl Linnaeus

text: Carl Linnaeus

question: When did the Ussher chronology state that creation began?

answer: 4004 BC

text: 4004 BC

question: Who proposed that life is a self-maintaining, infinite cycle?

answer: James Hutton

text: James Hutton


text: Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensory receptor cells travel into the spinal cord or brain, where they transmit their signals to a first-order sensory nucleus dedicated to one specific sensory modality. This primary sensory nucleus sends information to higher-order sensory areas that are dedicated to the same modality. Eventually, via a way-station in the thalamus, the signals are sent to the cerebral cortex, where they are processed to extract biologically relevant features, and integrated with signals coming from other sensory systems.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Each

text: sensory

text: system

text: begins

text: with

text: specialized

text: receptor

text: cells

text: such

text: as

text: light

text: receptive

text: neurons

text: in

text: the

text: retina

text: of

text: the

text: eye

text: vibration

text: sensitive

text: neurons

text: in

text: the

text: cochlea

text: of

text: the

text: ear

text: or

text: pressure

text: sensitive

text: neurons

text: in

text: the

text: skin

text: The

text: axons

text: of

text: sensory

text: receptor

text: cells

text: travel

text: into

text: the

text: spinal

text: cord

text: or

text: brain

text: where

text: they

text: transmit

text: their

text: signals

text: to

text: a

text: first

text: order

text: sensory

text: nucleus

text: dedicated

text: to

text: one

text: specific

text: sensory

text: modality

text: This

text: primary

text: sensory

text: nucleus

text: sends

text: information

text: to

text: higher

text: order

text: sensory

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: modality

text: Eventually

text: via

text: a

text: way

text: station

text: in

text: the

text: thalamus

text: the

text: signals

text: are

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: processed

text: to

text: extract

text: biologically

text: relevant

text: features

text: and

text: integrated

text: with

text: signals

text: coming

text: from

text: other

text: sensory

text: systems

question: Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye?

answer: retina

text: retina

question: Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear?

answer: cochlea

text: cochlea

question: Signals are sent from the thalamus to what part of the brain?

answer: cerebral cortex

text: cerebral cortex


text: In the last years of the 19th century the term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in eyes of the English-speaking public as did the Ottoman Empire itself. The cause of the onus was the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians because they were Christians, but it seemed to spill over into the protracted conflicts of the Balkans. For a time, "Near East" meant primarily the Balkans. Robert Hichens' book The Near East (1913) is subtitled Dalmatia, Greece and Constantinople.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: term

text: Near

text: East

text: acquired

text: considerable

text: disrepute

text: in

text: eyes

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: public

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: itself

text: The

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: onus

text: was

text: the

text: Hamidian

text: Massacres

text: of

text: Armenians

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: Christians

text: but

text: it

text: seemed

text: to

text: spill

text: over

text: into

text: the

text: protracted

text: conflicts

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: For

text: a

text: time

text: Near

text: East

text: meant

text: primarily

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Robert

text: Hichens

text: book

text: The

text: Near

text: East

text: is

text: subtitled

text: Dalmatia

text: Greece

text: and

text: Constantinople

question: When did the term "Near East" acquire considerable disrepute?

answer: the 19th century

text: the 19th century

question: The term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in whose eyes?

answer: English-speaking public

text: English-speaking public

question: What was the cause of the onus?

answer: the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians

text: the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians

question: What was the cause of the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians?

answer: they were Christians

text: they were Christians

question: When was Robert Hickens' book wrote?

answer: 1913)


text: The classification of birds is a contentious issue. Sibley and Ahlquist's Phylogeny and Classification of Birds (1990) is a landmark work on the classification of birds, although it is frequently debated and constantly revised. Most evidence seems to suggest the assignment of orders is accurate, but scientists disagree about the relationships between the orders themselves; evidence from modern bird anatomy, fossils and DNA have all been brought to bear on the problem, but no strong consensus has emerged. More recently, new fossil and molecular evidence is providing an increasingly clear picture of the evolution of modern bird orders. The most recent effort is drawn above and is based on whole genome sequencing of 48 representative species.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: classification

text: of

text: birds

text: is

text: a

text: contentious

text: issue

text: Sibley

text: and

text: Ahlquist

text: 's

text: Phylogeny

text: and

text: Classification

text: of

text: Birds

text: is

text: a

text: landmark

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: classification

text: of

text: birds

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: frequently

text: debated

text: and

text: constantly

text: revised

text: Most

text: evidence

text: seems

text: to

text: suggest

text: the

text: assignment

text: of

text: orders

text: is

text: accurate

text: but

text: scientists

text: disagree

text: about

text: the

text: relationships

text: between

text: the

text: orders

text: themselves

text: evidence

text: from

text: modern

text: bird

text: anatomy

text: fossils

text: and

text: DNA

text: have

text: all

text: been

text: brought

text: to

text: bear

text: on

text: the

text: problem

text: but

text: no

text: strong

text: consensus

text: has

text: emerged

text: More

text: recently

text: new

text: fossil

text: and

text: molecular

text: evidence

text: is

text: providing

text: an

text: increasingly

text: clear

text: picture

text: of

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: modern

text: bird

text: orders

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: effort

text: is

text: drawn

text: above

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: whole

text: genome

text: sequencing

text: of

text: representative

text: species

question: Sibley and Ahlquist' Phylogeny and Classification of Birds is a landmark work on the classification of what animals?

answer: birds

text: birds

question: What do scientists disagree about?

answer: relationships between the orders themselves

text: relationships between the orders themselves

question: What do scientists tend to agree on?

answer: the assignment of orders is accurate

text: the assignment of orders is accurate