text: On April 8, 2005, a partnership led by Comcast and Sony Pictures Entertainment finalized a deal to acquire MGM and its affiliate studio, United Artists, and create an additional outlet to carry MGM/UA's material for cable and Internet distribution. On October 31, 2005, Comcast officially announced that it had acquired Susquehanna Communications a South Central Pennsylvania, -based cable television and broadband services provider and unit of the former Susquehanna Pfaltzgraff company, for $775 million cash. In this deal Comcast acquired approximately 230,000 basic cable customers, 71,000 digital cable customers, and 86,000 high-speed Internet customers. Comcast previously owned approximately 30 percent of Susquehanna Communications through affiliate company Lenfest. In December 2005, Comcast announced the creation of Comcast Interactive Media, a new division focused on online media.

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: On

text: April

text: a

text: partnership

text: led

text: by

text: Comcast

text: and

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: finalized

text: a

text: deal

text: to

text: acquire

text: MGM

text: and

text: its

text: affiliate

text: studio

text: United

text: Artists

text: and

text: create

text: an

text: additional

text: outlet

text: to

text: carry

text: MGM

text: UA

text: 's

text: material

text: for

text: cable

text: and

text: Internet

text: distribution

text: On

text: October

text: Comcast

text: officially

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: acquired

text: Susquehanna

text: Communications

text: a

text: South

text: Central

text: Pennsylvania

text: -based

text: cable

text: television

text: and

text: broadband

text: services

text: provider

text: and

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Susquehanna

text: Pfaltzgraff

text: company

text: for

text: million

text: cash

text: In

text: this

text: deal

text: Comcast

text: acquired

text: approximately

text: basic

text: cable

text: customers

text: digital

text: cable

text: customers

text: and

text: high

text: speed

text: Internet

text: customers

text: Comcast

text: previously

text: owned

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: Susquehanna

text: Communications

text: through

text: affiliate

text: company

text: Lenfest

text: In

text: December

text: Comcast

text: announced

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Comcast

text: Interactive

text: Media

text: a

text: new

text: division

text: focused

text: on

text: online

text: media

question: Comcast joined with what media company to acquire a movie studio in 2005?

answer: Sony Pictures Entertainment

text: Sony Pictures Entertainment

question: What movie studios did Comcast and their partner buy?

answer: MGM and its affiliate studio, United Artists

text: MGM and its affiliate studio, United Artists

question: What Pennsylvania cable provider did Comcast buy controlling interest in during 2005?

answer: Susquehanna Communications

text: Susquehanna Communications

question: When did Comcast formally announce its purchase of this cable provider?

answer: October 31, 2005

text: October 31, 2005

question: How much did Comcast pay for this cable tv provider?

answer: $775 million cash

text: $775 million cash

question: What did Comcast and MGM buy in 2005?

text: Sony Pictures Entertainment

question: Where is MGM located?

text: South Central Pennsylvania

question: How much did Comcast purchase MGM for?

text: $775 million

question: How much of Lenfest did Comcast own?

text: 30 percent

question: How many internet customers did the partnership with Sony Pictures garner Comcast?


text: The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 189.63 kilometres (117.83 miles) with 142 stations, of which 35 are underground, five are at-grade, and the remainder are elevated. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains. It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: The

text: Delhi

text: Metro

text: is

text: a

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: serving

text: New

text: Delhi

text: Delhi

text: Gurgaon

text: Faridabad

text: Noida

text: and

text: Ghaziabad

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: of

text: India

text: Delhi

text: Metro

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: metro

text: system

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: length

text: Delhi

text: Metro

text: was

text: India

text: 's

text: first

text: modern

text: public

text: transportation

text: system

text: which

text: had

text: revolutionised

text: travel

text: by

text: providing

text: a

text: fast

text: reliable

text: safe

text: and

text: comfortable

text: means

text: of

text: transport

text: The

text: network

text: consists

text: of

text: six

text: lines

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: length

text: of

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: with

text: stations

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: underground

text: five

text: are

text: at

text: grade

text: and

text: the

text: remainder

text: are

text: elevated

text: All

text: stations

text: have

text: escalators

text: elevators

text: and

text: tactile

text: tiles

text: to

text: guide

text: the

text: visually

text: impaired

text: from

text: station

text: entrances

text: to

text: trains

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: elevated

text: at

text: grade

text: and

text: underground

text: lines

text: and

text: uses

text: both

text: broad

text: gauge

text: and

text: standard

text: gauge

text: rolling

text: stock

text: Four

text: types

text: of

text: rolling

text: stock

text: are

text: used

text: Mitsubishi

text: ROTEM

text: Broad

text: gauge

text: Bombardier

text: MOVIA

text: Mitsubishi

text: ROTEM

text: Standard

text: gauge

text: and

text: CAF

text: Beasain

text: Standard

text: gauge

question: What is the name of the world's 12 largest metro system by length?

answer: The Delhi Metro

text: The Delhi Metro

question: What is the total length of the Delhi Metro?

answer: 189.63 kilometres

text: 189.63 kilometres

question: How many stations are there on the Delhi Metro?

answer: 142

question: How many of the Delhi Metro's stations are located underground?

answer: 35

question: How many of the New Delhi Metro's stations are located at ground level?

answer: five

text: five


text: Speaker Martin concluded that Eisenhower worked too much through subordinates in dealing with Congress, with results, "often the reverse of what he has desired" because Members of Congress, "resent having some young fellow who was picked up by the White House without ever having been elected to office himself coming around and telling them 'The Chief wants this'. The administration never made use of many Republicans of consequence whose services in one form or another would have been available for the asking."

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Speaker

text: Martin

text: concluded

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: worked

text: too

text: much

text: through

text: subordinates

text: in

text: dealing

text: with

text: Congress

text: with

text: results

text: often

text: the

text: reverse

text: of

text: what

text: he

text: has

text: desired

text: because

text: Members

text: of

text: Congress

text: resent

text: having

text: some

text: young

text: fellow

text: who

text: was

text: picked

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: without

text: ever

text: having

text: been

text: elected

text: to

text: office

text: himself

text: coming

text: around

text: and

text: telling

text: them

text: The

text: Chief

text: wants

text: this

text: The

text: administration

text: never

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: many

text: Republicans

text: of

text: consequence

text: whose

text: services

text: in

text: one

text: form

text: or

text: another

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: available

text: for

text: the

text: asking

question: What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress?

answer: worked too much through subordinates

text: worked too much through subordinates

question: As a result of Eisenhower's actions toward Congress, what did Martin think Congress often gave him?

answer: reverse of what he has desired

text: reverse of what he has desired

question: Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of?

answer: Republicans of consequence

text: Republicans of consequence


text: The abundant variety of natural life depicted in the Butrint mosaics celebrates the richness of God’s creation; some elements also have specific connotations. The kantharos vase and vine refer to the eucharist, the symbol of the sacrifice of Christ leading to salvation. Peacocks are symbols of paradise and resurrection; shown eating or drinking from the vase they indicate the route to eternal life. Deer or stags were commonly used as images of the faithful aspiring to Christ: "As a heart desireth the water brook, so my souls longs for thee, O God." Water-birds and fish and other sea-creatures can indicate baptism as well as the members of the Church who are christened.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: abundant

text: variety

text: of

text: natural

text: life

text: depicted

text: in

text: the

text: Butrint

text: mosaics

text: celebrates

text: the

text: richness

text: of

text: God

text: ’s

text: creation

text: some

text: elements

text: also

text: have

text: specific

text: connotations

text: The

text: kantharos

text: vase

text: and

text: vine

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: eucharist

text: the

text: symbol

text: of

text: the

text: sacrifice

text: of

text: Christ

text: leading

text: to

text: salvation

text: Peacocks

text: are

text: symbols

text: of

text: paradise

text: and

text: resurrection

text: shown

text: eating

text: or

text: drinking

text: from

text: the

text: vase

text: they

text: indicate

text: the

text: route

text: to

text: eternal

text: life

text: Deer

text: or

text: stags

text: were

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: images

text: of

text: the

text: faithful

text: aspiring

text: to

text: Christ

text: As

text: a

text: heart

text: desireth

text: the

text: water

text: brook

text: so

text: my

text: souls

text: longs

text: for

text: thee

text: O

text: God

text: Water

text: birds

text: and

text: fish

text: and

text: other

text: sea

text: creatures

text: can

text: indicate

text: baptism

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: who

text: are

text: christened

question: What was depicted on the Butrint mosaics in abundance?

answer: natural life

text: natural life

question: What do the katharos vase and vine refer to?

answer: the eucharist

text: the eucharist

question: What do peacocks represent in Christian symbolism?

answer: paradise and resurrection

text: paradise and resurrection

question: What do most sea-creatures represent in Christina symbolism?

answer: baptism

text: baptism

question: What did deers or stags represent in Christian Symbolism?

answer: the faithful aspiring to Christ

text: the faithful aspiring to Christ


text: Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Theravadin

text: Buddhists

text: believe

text: that

text: personal

text: effort

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: realize

text: rebirth

text: Monks

text: follow

text: the

text: vinaya

text: meditating

text: teaching

text: and

text: serving

text: their

text: lay

text: communities

text: Laypersons

text: can

text: perform

text: good

text: actions

text: producing

text: merit

question: What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?

answer: Theravadin

text: Theravadin

question: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what?

answer: merit

text: merit


text: While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: While

text: the

text: footprint

text: of

text: the

text: Astra

text: satellite

text: was

text: smaller

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Astra

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: previously

text: broadcast

text: encrypted

text: it

text: meant

text: that

text: viewers

text: with

text: appropriate

text: equipment

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: receive

text: BBC

text: channels

text: free

text: to

text: air

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Consequently

text: some

text: rights

text: concerns

text: have

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: resolved

text: with

text: programme

text: providers

text: such

text: as

text: Hollywood

text: studios

text: and

text: sporting

text: organisations

text: which

text: have

text: expressed

text: concern

text: about

text: the

text: unencrypted

text: signal

text: leaking

text: out

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: some

text: broadcasts

text: being

text: made

text: unavailable

text: on

text: the

text: Sky

text: Digital

text: platform

text: such

text: as

text: Scottish

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: Scottish

text: Cup

text: football

text: while

text: on

text: other

text: platforms

text: such

text: broadcasts

text: were

text: not

text: disrupted

text: Later

text: when

text: rights

text: contracts

text: were

text: renewed

text: this

text: problem

text: was

text: resolved

question: With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D?

answer: Western Europe

text: Western Europe

question: What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free?

answer: Hollywood studios and sporting organisations

text: Hollywood studios and sporting organisations

question: On what service were some shows removed as a result of issues over rights?

answer: Sky Digital

text: Sky Digital

question: What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?

answer: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football

text: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football

question: What was smaller than the footprint of the Astra 2D satellite?

text: Astra 2A

question: What concerns with Western Europe did "free-to-air" bring up?

question: What happened to some programs on the Digital Sky Platform?

text: some broadcasts being made unavailable


text: These reforms were based heavily on French models, as indicated by the adoption of a three-tiered court system. Referred to as Nizamiye, this system was extended to the local magistrate level with the final promulgation of the Mecelle, a civil code that regulated marriage, divorce, alimony, will, and other matters of personal status. In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: These

text: reforms

text: were

text: based

text: heavily

text: on

text: French

text: models

text: as

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: a

text: three

text: tiered

text: court

text: system

text: Referred

text: to

text: as

text: Nizamiye

text: this

text: system

text: was

text: extended

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: magistrate

text: level

text: with

text: the

text: final

text: promulgation

text: of

text: the

text: Mecelle

text: a

text: civil

text: code

text: that

text: regulated

text: marriage

text: divorce

text: alimony

text: will

text: and

text: other

text: matters

text: of

text: personal

text: status

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: clarify

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: judicial

text: competences

text: an

text: administrative

text: council

text: laid

text: down

text: that

text: religious

text: matters

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: handled

text: by

text: religious

text: courts

text: and

text: statute

text: matters

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: handled

text: by

text: the

text: Nizamiye

text: courts

question: Reforms in the Ottoman court system were based on what model?

answer: French models

text: French models

question: How many tiers did the Ottoman court system adopt?

answer: three

text: three

question: What was the new Ottoman court system known as?

answer: Nizamiye

text: Nizamiye

question: What code regulated marriage?

answer: the Mecelle

text: the Mecelle


text: Like other settled, agrarian societies in history, those in the Indian subcontinent have been attacked by nomadic tribes throughout its long history. In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia. In that sense, the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions were not dissimilar to those of the earlier invasions during the 1st millennium. What does however, make the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions different is that unlike the preceding invaders who assimilated into the prevalent social system, the successful Muslim conquerors retained their Islamic identity and created new legal and administrative systems that challenged and usually in many cases superseded the existing systems of social conduct and ethics, even influencing the non-Muslim rivals and common masses to a large extent, though non-Muslim population was left to their own laws and customs. They also introduced new cultural codes that in some ways were very different from the existing cultural codes. This led to the rise of a new Indian culture which was mixed in nature, though different from both the ancient Indian culture and later westernized modern Indian culture. At the same time it must be noted that overwhelming majority of Muslims in India are Indian natives converted to Islam. This factor also played an important role in the synthesis of cultures.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Like

text: other

text: settled

text: agrarian

text: societies

text: in

text: history

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: have

text: been

text: attacked

text: by

text: nomadic

text: tribes

text: throughout

text: its

text: long

text: history

text: In

text: evaluating

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: Islam

text: on

text: the

text: sub

text: continent

text: one

text: must

text: note

text: that

text: the

text: northwestern

text: sub

text: continent

text: was

text: a

text: frequent

text: target

text: of

text: tribes

text: raiding

text: from

text: Central

text: Asia

text: In

text: that

text: sense

text: the

text: Muslim

text: intrusions

text: and

text: later

text: Muslim

text: invasions

text: were

text: not

text: dissimilar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: invasions

text: during

text: the

text: millennium

text: What

text: does

text: however

text: make

text: the

text: Muslim

text: intrusions

text: and

text: later

text: Muslim

text: invasions

text: different

text: is

text: that

text: unlike

text: the

text: preceding

text: invaders

text: who

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: prevalent

text: social

text: system

text: the

text: successful

text: Muslim

text: conquerors

text: retained

text: their

text: Islamic

text: identity

text: and

text: created

text: new

text: legal

text: and

text: administrative

text: systems

text: that

text: challenged

text: and

text: usually

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: superseded

text: the

text: existing

text: systems

text: of

text: social

text: conduct

text: and

text: ethics

text: even

text: influencing

text: the

text: non

text: Muslim

text: rivals

text: and

text: common

text: masses

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: extent

text: though

text: non

text: Muslim

text: population

text: was

text: left

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: laws

text: and

text: customs

text: They

text: also

text: introduced

text: new

text: cultural

text: codes

text: that

text: in

text: some

text: ways

text: were

text: very

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: existing

text: cultural

text: codes

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Indian

text: culture

text: which

text: was

text: mixed

text: in

text: nature

text: though

text: different

text: from

text: both

text: the

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: culture

text: and

text: later

text: westernized

text: modern

text: Indian

text: culture

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: noted

text: that

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: Muslims

text: in

text: India

text: are

text: Indian

text: natives

text: converted

text: to

text: Islam

text: This

text: factor

text: also

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: synthesis

text: of

text: cultures

question: From where did raiders come to attack the agrarian Indians?

answer: Central Asia

text: Central Asia

question: After a history of raiding groups, what is not remarkable in the history of the subcontinent?

answer: Muslim intrusions

text: Muslim intrusions

question: Before the Muslim invasions, what did previous invaders do in the local cultures?

answer: assimilated

text: assimilated

question: What did the Muslim invaders staunchly keep after invading?

answer: Islamic identity

text: Islamic identity

question: What type of new Indian culture was formed from this mixture of cultures?

answer: mixed

text: mixed


text: Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: Internationally

text: in

text: the

text: RSFSR

text: was

text: recognized

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: state

text: only

text: by

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: in

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Tartu

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: Irish

text: Republic

question: What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?

answer: Treaty of Tartu

text: Treaty of Tartu

question: Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920?

answer: Irish Republic

text: Irish Republic

question: What treaty resulted in the nonrecognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?

text: Treaty of Tartu

question: Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state went didn't recognize the RSFSR in 1920?

text: Irish Republic

question: What year was the RSFSW nor recognized as an independent state?

question: What didn't happen in 1920?

question: Which countries refused to recognize the RSFSR?

text: Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania


text: As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: As

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: falling

text: apart

text: Palermo

text: fell

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: several

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: The

text: first

text: were

text: the

text: Vandals

text: in

text: AD

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: their

text: king

text: Geiseric

text: The

text: Vandals

text: had

text: occupied

text: all

text: the

text: Roman

text: provinces

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: by

text: establishing

text: themselves

text: as

text: a

text: significant

text: force

text: They

text: acquired

text: Corsica

text: Sardinia

text: and

text: Sicily

text: shortly

text: afterwards

text: However

text: they

text: soon

text: lost

text: these

text: newly

text: acquired

text: possessions

text: to

text: the

text: Ostrogoths

text: The

text: Ostrogothic

text: conquest

text: under

text: Theodoric

text: the

text: Great

text: began

text: in

text: Theodoric

text: supported

text: Roman

text: culture

text: and

text: government

text: unlike

text: the

text: Germanic

text: Goths

text: The

text: Gothic

text: War

text: took

text: place

text: between

text: the

text: Ostrogoths

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: Sicily

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: Italy

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: General

text: Belisarius

text: who

text: was

text: commissioned

text: by

text: Eastern

text: Emperor

text: Justinian

text: I

text: solidified

text: his

text: rule

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: years

question: How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?

answer: occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455

text: occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455

question: Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?

answer: Ostrogoths

text: Ostrogoths

question: How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?

answer: Theodoric supported Roman culture and government

text: Theodoric supported Roman culture and government

question: What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?

answer: Byzantine Empire

text: Byzantine Empire

question: Who's decline left Palermo under the control of the Roman Empire?

text: Germanic tribes

question: Who controled Palermo in the 4th century?

text: The Vandals

question: Who's North African provinces were occupied by the 4th century?

text: Roman Empire

question: What tribe took the provinces from the Vandals in the 4th century?

text: Ostrogothic

question: What was the name of the war between the Ostogoths and The Western Roman Empire?

text: The Gothic War


text: A CD containing 20 musical selections from the game was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States; it is included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia.[citation needed]

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: A

text: CD

text: containing

text: musical

text: selections

text: from

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: available

text: as

text: a

text: GameStop

text: preorder

text: bonus

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: all

text: bundles

text: in

text: Japan

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia.[citation

text: needed

question: What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the game prior to release?

answer: GameStop

text: GameStop

question: How many tracks were recorded on the preorder CD?

answer: 20

question: In what areas is the content of the GameStop bonus CD provided for all versions of the game?

answer: Japan, Europe, and Australia

text: Japan, Europe, and Australia

question: What was included as a Gamestop preorder item?

answer: CD

text: CD

question: What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the CD prior to release?

text: GameStop

question: How many tracks were recorded on the post order CD?

question: In what areas is the content of the GameStop bonus SC provided for all versions of the CD?

text: Japan, Europe, and Australia

question: What was included as a Gamestop post order item?

text: CD

question: What is included in all selections?

text: CD


text: SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very long videos. It is usually difficult to fit much more than 100 minutes of video onto one SVCD without incurring significant quality loss, and many hardware players are unable to play video with an instantaneous bit rate lower than 300 to 600 kilobits per second.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: SVCD

text: has

text: two

text: thirds

text: the

text: resolution

text: of

text: DVD

text: and

text: over

text: times

text: the

text: resolution

text: of

text: VCD

text: One

text: CD

text: R

text: disc

text: can

text: hold

text: up

text: to

text: minutes

text: of

text: standard

text: quality

text: SVCD

text: format

text: video

text: While

text: no

text: specific

text: limit

text: on

text: SVCD

text: video

text: length

text: is

text: mandated

text: by

text: the

text: specification

text: one

text: must

text: lower

text: the

text: video

text: bit

text: rate

text: and

text: therefore

text: quality

text: to

text: accommodate

text: very

text: long

text: videos

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: difficult

text: to

text: fit

text: much

text: more

text: than

text: minutes

text: of

text: video

text: onto

text: one

text: SVCD

text: without

text: incurring

text: significant

text: quality

text: loss

text: and

text: many

text: hardware

text: players

text: are

text: unable

text: to

text: play

text: video

text: with

text: an

text: instantaneous

text: bit

text: rate

text: lower

text: than

text: to

text: kilobits

text: per

text: second

question: How much video can a CD-R contain?

answer: 60 minutes

text: 60 minutes

question: Which has better resolution, a VCD or SVCD?

answer: SVCD

text: SVCD

question: How are lengthy videos fit onto SVCDs?

answer: lower the video bit rate

text: lower the video bit rate

question: What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold?

answer: 100 minutes

text: 100 minutes

question: How much can a VCD hold?

text: 60 minutes

question: Why is there a video length limit on SVCD?

question: What is the kilobit rate for a DVD?

text: 300 to 600 kilobits per second

question: How does a VCN compare to a DVD?

text: two-thirds the resolution

question: Why is it difficult to put more than 60 minutes on a DVD?

text: significant quality loss


text: The name Thuringia or Thüringen derives from the Germanic tribe Thuringii, who emerged during the Migration Period. Their origin is not completely known. An older theory claimed that they were successors of the Hermunduri, but later research rejected the idea. Other historians argue that the Thuringians were allies of the Huns, came to central Europe together with them, and lived before in what is Galicia today. Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus first mentioned the Thuringii around 400; during that period, the Thuringii were famous for their excellent horses.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: The

text: name

text: Thuringia

text: or

text: Thüringen

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Germanic

text: tribe

text: Thuringii

text: who

text: emerged

text: during

text: the

text: Migration

text: Period

text: Their

text: origin

text: is

text: not

text: completely

text: known

text: An

text: older

text: theory

text: claimed

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: successors

text: of

text: the

text: Hermunduri

text: but

text: later

text: research

text: rejected

text: the

text: idea

text: Other

text: historians

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: Thuringians

text: were

text: allies

text: of

text: the

text: Huns

text: came

text: to

text: central

text: Europe

text: together

text: with

text: them

text: and

text: lived

text: before

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: Galicia

text: today

text: Publius

text: Flavius

text: Vegetius

text: Renatus

text: first

text: mentioned

text: the

text: Thuringii

text: around

text: during

text: that

text: period

text: the

text: Thuringii

text: were

text: famous

text: for

text: their

text: excellent

text: horses

question: Where does the name Thuringia come from?

answer: the Germanic tribe Thuringii

text: the Germanic tribe Thuringii

question: When did Thuringii emerge?

answer: the Migration Period

text: the Migration Period

question: Who are the theoretical allies of the Thuringians?

answer: the Huns

text: the Huns

question: When were the thuringii first mentioned?

answer: around 400

text: around 400

question: What name is derived from the Russian tribe Thuringii?

text: Thuringia or Thüringen

question: When did Thuringii disappear?

text: the Migration Period

question: Who are the theoretical enemies of the Thuringians?

text: the Huns

question: When were the Thuringii last mentioned?

text: around 400

question: What did a new theory claim that they were successors of?

text: the Hermunduri


text: Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with Massey University. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology. Some smaller polytechnics in the North Island, such as Waiarapa Polytechnic, amalgamated with UCOL. (The only other amalgamations have been in the colleges of education.)

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Since

text: the

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: consolidation

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: state

text: owned

text: tertiary

text: education

text: system

text: In

text: the

text: polytechnic

text: sector

text: Wellington

text: Polytechnic

text: amalgamated

text: with

text: Massey

text: University

text: The

text: Central

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: explored

text: a

text: merger

text: with

text: the

text: Waikato

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: which

text: was

text: abandoned

text: but

text: later

text: after

text: financial

text: concerns

text: controversially

text: amalgamated

text: with

text: Hutt

text: Valley

text: Polytechnic

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: became

text: Wellington

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: Some

text: smaller

text: polytechnics

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Island

text: such

text: as

text: Waiarapa

text: Polytechnic

text: amalgamated

text: with

text: UCOL

text: The

text: only

text: other

text: amalgamations

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: colleges

text: of

text: education

question: What school did Massey University combine with?

answer: Wellington Polytechnic

text: Wellington Polytechnic

question: In what decade did New Zealand's tertiary education institutions begin consolidation?

answer: 1990s

question: What school considered a merger with Waikato Institute of Technology that was later abandoned?

answer: Central Institute of Technology

text: Central Institute of Technology

question: What island was Waiarapa Polytechnic located on before it merged with UCOL?

answer: North Island

text: North Island


text: Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 on The Great Gatsby soundtrack was released. She was also honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala. Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on May 24, and recorded an original song for the film, "Rise Up", co-written with Sia.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: embarked

text: on

text: The

text: Mrs.

text: Carter

text: Show

text: World

text: Tour

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: Belgrade

text: Serbia

text: the

text: tour

text: included

text: dates

text: that

text: ran

text: through

text: to

text: March

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: tour

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: tours

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: In

text: May

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: cover

text: of

text: Amy

text: Winehouse

text: 's

text: Back

text: to

text: Black

text: with

text: André

text: on

text: The

text: Great

text: Gatsby

text: soundtrack

text: was

text: released

text: She

text: was

text: also

text: honorary

text: chair

text: of

text: the

text: Met

text: Gala

text: Beyoncé

text: voiced

text: Queen

text: Tara

text: in

text: the

text: CGI

text: animated

text: film

text: Epic

text: released

text: by

text: Century

text: Fox

text: on

text: May

text: and

text: recorded

text: an

text: original

text: song

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: Rise

text: Up

text: co

text: written

text: with

text: Sia

question: How many dates did Beyonce's "The Mrs. Carter Show" entail?

answer: 132

question: One of Beyonce's most successful tours yet was which one?

answer: The Mrs. Carter Show

text: The Mrs. Carter Show

question: Beyonce wrote which song for the movie "Epic"?

answer: Rise Up

text: Rise Up

question: Beyonce voiced a character in which animated film?

answer: Epic

text: Epic

question: When did the tour begin?

answer: April 15

text: April 15

question: Of what event was Beyonce honorary chair?

answer: 2013 Met Gala

text: 2013 Met Gala

question: What part did she voice for the movie Epic?

answer: Queen Tara

text: Queen Tara

question: What song did Beyonce record for the film Epic?

answer: Rise Up

text: Rise Up

question: What was the name of Beyoncé's tour that she started on April 15?

answer: The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour

text: The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour

question: How many dates did the Mrs. Carter Show World Tour have?

answer: 132

question: Which Amy Winehouse song did Beyoncé cover and release in May 2014?

answer: Back to Black

text: Back to Black

question: Beyoncé was an honorary chair of the 2013 what?

answer: Met Gala.

text: Met Gala.

question: Which character in the film, Epic, was voiced by Beyoncé?

answer: Queen Tara

text: Queen Tara


text: Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Alexander

text: Bell

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: Scotland

text: on

text: March

text: The

text: family

text: home

text: was

text: at

text: South

text: Charlotte

text: Street

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: stone

text: inscription

text: marking

text: it

text: as

text: Alexander

text: Graham

text: Bell

text: 's

text: birthplace

text: He

text: had

text: two

text: brothers

text: Melville

text: James

text: Bell

text: and

text: Edward

text: Charles

text: Bell

text: both

text: of

text: whom

text: would

text: die

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: His

text: father

text: was

text: Professor

text: Alexander

text: Melville

text: Bell

text: a

text: phonetician

text: and

text: his

text: mother

text: was

text: Eliza

text: Grace

text: née

text: Symonds

text: Born

text: as

text: just

text: Alexander

text: Bell

text: at

text: age

text: he

text: made

text: a

text: plea

text: to

text: his

text: father

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: middle

text: name

text: like

text: his

text: two

text: brothers.[N

text: For

text: his

text: birthday

text: his

text: father

text: acquiesced

text: and

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: name

text: Graham

text: chosen

text: out

text: of

text: respect

text: for

text: Alexander

text: Graham

text: a

text: Canadian

text: being

text: treated

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: who

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: family

text: friend

text: To

text: close

text: relatives

text: and

text: friends

text: he

text: remained

text: Aleck

question: What city was Bell born in?

answer: Edinburgh

text: Edinburgh

question: What material marks Bells family  home as his birthplace?

answer: stone

text: stone

question: What disease did his two brothers die of?

answer: tuberculosis

text: tuberculosis

question: At what age did Bell ask for a middle name?

answer: 10

question: What did those close to him call Bell?

answer: Aleck

text: Aleck


text: After its defeat in the 1979 general election the Labour Party underwent a period of internal rivalry between the left represented by Tony Benn, and the right represented by Denis Healey. The election of Michael Foot as leader in 1980, and the leftist policies he espoused, such as unilateral nuclear disarmament, leaving the European Economic Community (EEC) and NATO, closer governmental influence in the banking system, the creation of a national minimum wage and a ban on fox hunting led in 1981 to four former cabinet ministers from the right of the Labour Party (Shirley Williams, William Rodgers, Roy Jenkins and David Owen) forming the Social Democratic Party. Benn was only narrowly defeated by Healey in a bitterly fought deputy leadership election in 1981 after the introduction of an electoral college intended to widen the voting franchise to elect the leader and their deputy. By 1982, the National Executive Committee had concluded that the entryist Militant tendency group were in contravention of the party's constitution. The Militant newspaper's five member editorial board were expelled on 22 February 1983.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: After

text: its

text: defeat

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: underwent

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: internal

text: rivalry

text: between

text: the

text: left

text: represented

text: by

text: Tony

text: Benn

text: and

text: the

text: right

text: represented

text: by

text: Denis

text: Healey

text: The

text: election

text: of

text: Michael

text: Foot

text: as

text: leader

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: leftist

text: policies

text: he

text: espoused

text: such

text: as

text: unilateral

text: nuclear

text: disarmament

text: leaving

text: the

text: European

text: Economic

text: Community

text: EEC

text: and

text: NATO

text: closer

text: governmental

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: banking

text: system

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: national

text: minimum

text: wage

text: and

text: a

text: ban

text: on

text: fox

text: hunting

text: led

text: in

text: to

text: four

text: former

text: cabinet

text: ministers

text: from

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: Shirley

text: Williams

text: William

text: Rodgers

text: Roy

text: Jenkins

text: and

text: David

text: Owen

text: forming

text: the

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: Benn

text: was

text: only

text: narrowly

text: defeated

text: by

text: Healey

text: in

text: a

text: bitterly

text: fought

text: deputy

text: leadership

text: election

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: an

text: electoral

text: college

text: intended

text: to

text: widen

text: the

text: voting

text: franchise

text: to

text: elect

text: the

text: leader

text: and

text: their

text: deputy

text: By

text: the

text: National

text: Executive

text: Committee

text: had

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: entryist

text: Militant

text: tendency

text: group

text: were

text: in

text: contravention

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: constitution

text: The

text: Militant

text: newspaper

text: 's

text: five

text: member

text: editorial

text: board

text: were

text: expelled

text: on

text: February

question: When was the Labout party defeated?

answer: 1979

question: What year was Michael Foot elected as leader?

answer: 1980

question: What did four members of the Labour Party leave to creat?

answer: Social Democratic Party

text: Social Democratic Party

question: Why was the electoral college introduced?

answer: widen the voting franchise

text: widen the voting franchise

question: What did the Labour Party do after it won in 1979?

text: underwent a period of internal rivalry

question: Who lost the election in 1980?

text: Michael Foot

question: What policy did Michael Foot oppose?

text: unilateral nuclear disarmament

question: Who was easily defeated by Healey?

text: Benn

question: What did the National Executive Committee conclude before 1982?


text: The major issue with the term Hellenistic lies in its convenience, as the spread of Greek culture was not the generalized phenomenon that the term implies. Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others. The term Hellenistic also implies that the Greek populations were of majority in the areas in which they settled, while in many cases, the Greek settlers were actually the minority among the native populations. The Greek population and the native population did not always mix; the Greeks moved and brought their own culture, but interaction did not always occur.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: major

text: issue

text: with

text: the

text: term

text: Hellenistic

text: lies

text: in

text: its

text: convenience

text: as

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: Greek

text: culture

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: generalized

text: phenomenon

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: implies

text: Some

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: conquered

text: world

text: were

text: more

text: affected

text: by

text: Greek

text: influences

text: than

text: others

text: The

text: term

text: Hellenistic

text: also

text: implies

text: that

text: the

text: Greek

text: populations

text: were

text: of

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: settled

text: while

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: the

text: Greek

text: settlers

text: were

text: actually

text: the

text: minority

text: among

text: the

text: native

text: populations

text: The

text: Greek

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: native

text: population

text: did

text: not

text: always

text: mix

text: the

text: Greeks

text: moved

text: and

text: brought

text: their

text: own

text: culture

text: but

text: interaction

text: did

text: not

text: always

text: occur

question: How much of the conquered world was affected by Greek influences?

answer: Some

text: Some

question: How often did Greek population and natives mix?

answer: not always

text: not always

question: What term implies that Greek populations were a majority in the regions they settled?

answer: Hellenistic

text: Hellenistic


text: Detroit remains one of the most racially segregated cities in the United States. From the 1940s to the 1970s a second wave of Blacks moved to Detroit to escape Jim Crow laws in the south and find jobs. However, they soon found themselves excluded from white areas of the city—through violence, laws, and economic discrimination (e.g., redlining). White residents attacked black homes: breaking windows, starting fires, and exploding bombs. The pattern of segregation was later magnified by white migration to the suburbs. One of the implications of racial segregation, which correlates with class segregation, may be overall worse health for some populations.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Detroit

text: remains

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: racially

text: segregated

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: From

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: a

text: second

text: wave

text: of

text: Blacks

text: moved

text: to

text: Detroit

text: to

text: escape

text: Jim

text: Crow

text: laws

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: find

text: jobs

text: However

text: they

text: soon

text: found

text: themselves

text: excluded

text: from

text: white

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: through

text: violence

text: laws

text: and

text: economic

text: discrimination

text: e.g.

text: redlining

text: White

text: residents

text: attacked

text: black

text: homes

text: breaking

text: windows

text: starting

text: fires

text: and

text: exploding

text: bombs

text: The

text: pattern

text: of

text: segregation

text: was

text: later

text: magnified

text: by

text: white

text: migration

text: to

text: the

text: suburbs

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: implications

text: of

text: racial

text: segregation

text: which

text: correlates

text: with

text: class

text: segregation

text: may

text: be

text: overall

text: worse

text: health

text: for

text: some

text: populations

question: Why did Blacks move to Detroit in the middle if the 20th century?

answer: Jim Crow

text: Jim Crow

question: What is an example of economic discrimination?

answer: redlining

text: redlining

question: What exacerbated segregation in Detroit?

answer: white migration to the suburbs

text: white migration to the suburbs

question: What generally declines in places that are segregated by race or class?

answer: health

text: health


text: All Mainland Chinese television stations (along with some stations in Hong Kong and expatriate communities) cancelled all regularly-scheduled programming, displayed their logo in grayscale, and replaced their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 for multiple days after the quake. Even pay television channels (such as Channel V) had their programmes suspended.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: All

text: Mainland

text: Chinese

text: television

text: stations

text: along

text: with

text: some

text: stations

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: expatriate

text: communities

text: cancelled

text: all

text: regularly

text: scheduled

text: programming

text: displayed

text: their

text: logo

text: in

text: grayscale

text: and

text: replaced

text: their

text: cancelled

text: programmes

text: with

text: live

text: earthquake

text: footage

text: from

text: for

text: multiple

text: days

text: after

text: the

text: quake

text: Even

text: pay

text: television

text: channels

text: such

text: as

text: Channel

text: V

text: had

text: their

text: programmes

text: suspended

question: What did stations replace programming with?

answer: live earthquake footage

text: live earthquake footage

question: What was the source of the live feeds?

answer: CCTV-1

question: What about pay TV channels?

answer: programmes suspended

text: programmes suspended


text: Bottom Up Testing is an approach to integrated testing where the lowest level components (modules, procedures, and functions) are tested first, then integrated and used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. After the integration testing of lower level integrated modules, the next level of modules will be formed and can be used for integration testing. The process is repeated until the components at the top of the hierarchy are tested. This approach is helpful only when all or most of the modules of the same development level are ready.[citation needed] This method also helps to determine the levels of software developed and makes it easier to report testing progress in the form of a percentage.[citation needed]

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Bottom

text: Up

text: Testing

text: is

text: an

text: approach

text: to

text: integrated

text: testing

text: where

text: the

text: lowest

text: level

text: components

text: modules

text: procedures

text: and

text: functions

text: are

text: tested

text: first

text: then

text: integrated

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: facilitate

text: the

text: testing

text: of

text: higher

text: level

text: components

text: After

text: the

text: integration

text: testing

text: of

text: lower

text: level

text: integrated

text: modules

text: the

text: next

text: level

text: of

text: modules

text: will

text: be

text: formed

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: integration

text: testing

text: The

text: process

text: is

text: repeated

text: until

text: the

text: components

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: are

text: tested

text: This

text: approach

text: is

text: helpful

text: only

text: when

text: all

text: or

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: modules

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: development

text: level

text: are

text: ready.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: method

text: also

text: helps

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: software

text: developed

text: and

text: makes

text: it

text: easier

text: to

text: report

text: testing

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: percentage.[citation

text: needed

question: What three components make up Bottom Up Testing?

answer: modules, procedures, and functions

text: modules, procedures, and functions

question: Bottom Up Testing helps facilitate the testing of what?

answer: the testing of higher level components

text: the testing of higher level components

question: What does Bottom Up Testing also help with once the process has been repeated over and over again at all levels?

answer: makes it easier to report testing progress in the form of a percentage

text: makes it easier to report testing progress in the form of a percentage

question: When the highest level components are tested first, the testing process is called what?

text: Bottom Up Testing

question: What three components make up Bottom Down Testing?

text: modules, procedures, and functions

question: This approach only works when half of the modules of the same what are ready?

text: development level

question: Bottom Up Testing helps determine levels of software developed and makes it harder to complete what?


text: Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Detroit

text: has

text: four

text: border

text: crossings

text: the

text: Ambassador

text: Bridge

text: and

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Windsor

text: Tunnel

text: provide

text: motor

text: vehicle

text: thoroughfares

text: with

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Central

text: Railway

text: Tunnel

text: providing

text: railroad

text: access

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: Canada

text: The

text: fourth

text: border

text: crossing

text: is

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Windsor

text: Truck

text: Ferry

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: Windsor

text: Salt

text: Mine

text: and

text: Zug

text: Island

text: Near

text: Zug

text: Island

text: the

text: southwest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: developed

text: over

text: a

text: ha

text: salt

text: mine

text: that

text: is

text: feet

text: m

text: below

text: the

text: surface

text: The

text: Detroit

text: Salt

text: Company

text: mine

text: has

text: over

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: roads

text: within

question: What company mines salt in Detroit?

answer: Detroit Salt Company

text: Detroit Salt Company

question: How many acres is the Windsor Salt Mine?

answer: 1,500

question: How many routes to Canada does Detroit have?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is the railway tunnel to Canada called?

answer: Michigan Central Railway Tunnel

text: Michigan Central Railway Tunnel

question: What it the Ferry to Canada called?

answer: Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry

text: Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry


text: For much of Eton's history, junior boys had to act as "fags", or servants, to older boys. Their duties included cleaning, cooking, and running errands. A Library member was entitled to yell at any time and without notice, "Boy, Up!" or "Boy, Queue!", and all first-year boys had to come running. The last boy to arrive was given the task. These practices, known as fagging, were partially phased out of most houses in the 1970s. Captains of House and Games still sometimes give tasks to first-year boys, such as collecting the mail from School Office.[citation needed]

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: For

text: much

text: of

text: Eton

text: 's

text: history

text: junior

text: boys

text: had

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: fags

text: or

text: servants

text: to

text: older

text: boys

text: Their

text: duties

text: included

text: cleaning

text: cooking

text: and

text: running

text: errands

text: A

text: Library

text: member

text: was

text: entitled

text: to

text: yell

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: and

text: without

text: notice

text: Boy

text: Up

text: or

text: Boy

text: Queue

text: and

text: all

text: first

text: year

text: boys

text: had

text: to

text: come

text: running

text: The

text: last

text: boy

text: to

text: arrive

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: task

text: These

text: practices

text: known

text: as

text: fagging

text: were

text: partially

text: phased

text: out

text: of

text: most

text: houses

text: in

text: the

text: Captains

text: of

text: House

text: and

text: Games

text: still

text: sometimes

text: give

text: tasks

text: to

text: first

text: year

text: boys

text: such

text: as

text: collecting

text: the

text: mail

text: from

text: School

text: Office.[citation

text: needed

question: What term was given to juniors who acted as servants to older students?

answer: "fags"

text: "fags"

question: What were common duties of younger servant students?

answer: cleaning, cooking, and running errands

text: cleaning, cooking, and running errands

question: What words were yelled by Librarians that required first year students to come?

answer: "Boy, Up!" or "Boy, Queue!"

text: "Boy, Up!" or "Boy, Queue!"

question: Which first year student was given the task yelled for by the Librarian?

answer: The last boy to arrive

text: The last boy to arrive

question: What year was "fagging" phased out of most houses?

answer: 1970s

question: When was fagging mostly eliminated from all Houses?

text: the 1970s

question: What were older students known as?

text: fags

question: What was the Captain of House and Captain of Games called?

text: fags

question: What would junior boys yell at older students?

text: "Boy, Up!"

question: What were Library members known as?

text: fags


text: Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: 's

text: technology

text: parks

text: with

text: incubator

text: facilities

text: include

text: the

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: Park

text: of

text: Crete

text: Heraklion

text: the

text: Thessaloniki

text: Technology

text: Park

text: the

text: Lavrio

text: Technology

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: Patras

text: Science

text: Park

text: the

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: Park

text: of

text: Epirus

text: Ioannina

text: Greece

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Space

text: Agency

text: ESA

text: since

text: Cooperation

text: between

text: ESA

text: and

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: National

text: Space

text: Committee

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: In

text: Greece

text: and

text: ESA

text: signed

text: their

text: first

text: cooperation

text: agreement

text: Having

text: formally

text: applied

text: for

text: full

text: membership

text: in

text: Greece

text: became

text: the

text: ESA

text: 's

text: sixteenth

text: member

text: on

text: March

text: As

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: ESA

text: Greece

text: participates

text: in

text: the

text: agency

text: 's

text: telecommunication

text: and

text: technology

text: activities

text: and

text: the

text: Global

text: Monitoring

text: for

text: Environment

text: and

text: Security

text: Initiative

question: Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005?

answer: European Space Agency (ESA)

text: European Space Agency (ESA)

question: Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year?

answer: 1994

question: When did /Greece apply for ESA membership?

answer: 2003

question: Greece is ranked as what member of ESA?

answer: sixteenth

text: sixteenth

question: Greece became a full ESA member when?

answer: 16 March 2005

text: 16 March 2005


text: Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Traditional

text: English

text: ale

text: was

text: made

text: solely

text: from

text: fermented

text: malt

text: The

text: practice

text: of

text: adding

text: hops

text: to

text: produce

text: beer

text: was

text: introduced

text: from

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Alehouses

text: would

text: each

text: brew

text: their

text: own

text: distinctive

text: ale

text: but

text: independent

text: breweries

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: almost

text: all

text: beer

text: was

text: brewed

text: by

text: commercial

text: breweries

question: What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?

answer: fermented malt

text: fermented malt

question: What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?

answer: the Netherlands

text: the Netherlands

question: In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?

answer: 15th

question: In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?

answer: 17th

question: What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?

answer: commercial breweries

text: commercial breweries


text: The US Congress was urged to create the exemption by proponents of a conservation plan on San Bruno Mountain, California that was drafted in the early 1980s and is the first HCP in the nation. In the conference report on the 1982 amendments, Congress specified that it intended the San Bruno plan to act "as a model" for future conservation plans developed under the incidental take exemption provision and that "the adequacy of similar conservation plans should be measured against the San Bruno plan". Congress further noted that the San Bruno plan was based on "an independent exhaustive biological study" and protected at least 87% of the habitat of the listed butterflies that led to the development of the HCP.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: The

text: US

text: Congress

text: was

text: urged

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: exemption

text: by

text: proponents

text: of

text: a

text: conservation

text: plan

text: on

text: San

text: Bruno

text: Mountain

text: California

text: that

text: was

text: drafted

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: HCP

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: In

text: the

text: conference

text: report

text: on

text: the

text: amendments

text: Congress

text: specified

text: that

text: it

text: intended

text: the

text: San

text: Bruno

text: plan

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: future

text: conservation

text: plans

text: developed

text: under

text: the

text: incidental

text: take

text: exemption

text: provision

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: adequacy

text: of

text: similar

text: conservation

text: plans

text: should

text: be

text: measured

text: against

text: the

text: San

text: Bruno

text: plan

text: Congress

text: further

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: San

text: Bruno

text: plan

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: independent

text: exhaustive

text: biological

text: study

text: and

text: protected

text: at

text: least

text: of

text: the

text: habitat

text: of

text: the

text: listed

text: butterflies

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: HCP

question: What location held the first HCP?

answer: San Bruno Mountain, California

text: San Bruno Mountain, California

question: What percentage of the critical habitat was protected for the area that received the first HCP?

answer: 87%

question: What type of animal was being protected in the area that received the first HCP?

answer: butterflies

text: butterflies

question: Who did the US Congress ask to create an exemption?

question: When was the last permit given out?

text: the early 1980s

question: What was the San Bruno plan compared to during its creation?

question: How many of the listed butterfly habitats were in San Bruno?

question: Who ran the biological study for the San Bruno plan?

text: Congress


text: In the far eastern part of the state the Chihuahuan Desert dominates due to low precipitation and extremely high temperatures; some areas of the eastern part of the state are so dry no vegetation is found like the Sand Dunes of Samalayuca. There are two distinctive climate zones found in the eastern part of the state: Hot Desert (BWh) and Cool Desert (BWk) which are differentiated by average annual temperature due to differences in elevation. There is a transition zone in the middle of the state between the two extremely different climates from the east and west; this zone is the Steppe characterized by a compromise between juxtaposed climate zones.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: In

text: the

text: far

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: Chihuahuan

text: Desert

text: dominates

text: due

text: to

text: low

text: precipitation

text: and

text: extremely

text: high

text: temperatures

text: some

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: are

text: so

text: dry

text: no

text: vegetation

text: is

text: found

text: like

text: the

text: Sand

text: Dunes

text: of

text: Samalayuca

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: distinctive

text: climate

text: zones

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Hot

text: Desert

text: BWh

text: and

text: Cool

text: Desert

text: BWk

text: which

text: are

text: differentiated

text: by

text: average

text: annual

text: temperature

text: due

text: to

text: differences

text: in

text: elevation

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: transition

text: zone

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: extremely

text: different

text: climates

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: this

text: zone

text: is

text: the

text: Steppe

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: compromise

text: between

text: juxtaposed

text: climate

text: zones

question: What type of land dominates in the eastern part of the state?

answer: Desert

text: Desert

question: Which city is known for its sand dunes?

answer: Samalayuca

text: Samalayuca

question: Both types of climate zones in the eastern part of the state are what?

answer: Desert

text: Desert

question: The transition zone between east and west is called what?

answer: the Steppe

text: the Steppe


text: Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls once stood, and two rammed-earth castles in Gansu. The ruins of rammed-earth walls that once surrounded the capitals Chang'an and Luoyang still stand, along with their drainage systems of brick arches, ditches, and ceramic water pipes. Monumental stone pillar-gates, twenty-nine of which survive from the Han period, formed entrances of walled enclosures at shrine and tomb sites. These pillars feature artistic imitations of wooden and ceramic building components such as roof tiles, eaves, and balustrades.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Though

text: Han

text: wooden

text: structures

text: decayed

text: some

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: ruins

text: made

text: of

text: brick

text: stone

text: and

text: rammed

text: earth

text: remain

text: intact

text: This

text: includes

text: stone

text: pillar

text: gates

text: brick

text: tomb

text: chambers

text: rammed

text: earth

text: city

text: walls

text: rammed

text: earth

text: and

text: brick

text: beacon

text: towers

text: rammed

text: earth

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Wall

text: rammed

text: earth

text: platforms

text: where

text: elevated

text: halls

text: once

text: stood

text: and

text: two

text: rammed

text: earth

text: castles

text: in

text: Gansu

text: The

text: ruins

text: of

text: rammed

text: earth

text: walls

text: that

text: once

text: surrounded

text: the

text: capitals

text: Chang'an

text: and

text: Luoyang

text: still

text: stand

text: along

text: with

text: their

text: drainage

text: systems

text: of

text: brick

text: arches

text: ditches

text: and

text: ceramic

text: water

text: pipes

text: Monumental

text: stone

text: pillar

text: gates

text: twenty

text: nine

text: of

text: which

text: survive

text: from

text: the

text: Han

text: period

text: formed

text: entrances

text: of

text: walled

text: enclosures

text: at

text: shrine

text: and

text: tomb

text: sites

text: These

text: pillars

text: feature

text: artistic

text: imitations

text: of

text: wooden

text: and

text: ceramic

text: building

text: components

text: such

text: as

text: roof

text: tiles

text: eaves

text: and

text: balustrades

question: How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era?

answer: twenty-nine

text: twenty-nine

question: What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade?

answer: stone pillar-gates

text: stone pillar-gates

question: What building material were tomb chambers constructed with?

answer: brick

text: brick

question: What were the walls that encompassed the city of Luoyang comprised of?

answer: rammed-earth

text: rammed-earth

question: What type of system used ceramic water pipes?

answer: drainage systems

text: drainage systems


text: Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot. Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed] Textile fibers use copper to create antimicrobial protective fabrics, as do ceramic glazes, stained glass and musical instruments. Electroplating commonly uses copper as a base for other metals such as nickel.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: compounds

text: in

text: liquid

text: form

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: wood

text: preservative

text: particularly

text: in

text: treating

text: original

text: portion

text: of

text: structures

text: during

text: restoration

text: of

text: damage

text: due

text: to

text: dry

text: rot

text: Together

text: with

text: zinc

text: copper

text: wires

text: may

text: be

text: placed

text: over

text: non

text: conductive

text: roofing

text: materials

text: to

text: discourage

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: moss.[citation

text: needed

text: Textile

text: fibers

text: use

text: copper

text: to

text: create

text: antimicrobial

text: protective

text: fabrics

text: as

text: do

text: ceramic

text: glazes

text: stained

text: glass

text: and

text: musical

text: instruments

text: Electroplating

text: commonly

text: uses

text: copper

text: as

text: a

text: base

text: for

text: other

text: metals

text: such

text: as

text: nickel

question: What are copper compounds in liquid form used for?

answer: wood preservative

text: wood preservative

question: What does copper wires along with zinc on roofs help to prevent?

answer: moss

text: moss

question: What function does copper serve when used in textile fibers?

answer: antimicrobial protective fabrics

text: antimicrobial protective fabrics

question: How is copper used with nickel?

answer: as a base

text: as a base

question: What is used to treat structures for dry rot?

answer: Copper compounds

text: Copper compounds

question: What are copper compounds in dragon form used for?

text: wood preservative

question: What does copper wires along with mud on roofs help to prevent?

text: moss

question: What function does copper eliminate when used in textile fibers?

text: antimicrobial protective fabrics

question: How is copper used with vodka?

text: as a base

question: What is used to implode structures for dry rot?

text: Copper compounds


text: CD-Vs are not to be confused with Video CDs (which are all-digital and can only be played on VCD players, DVD players, CD-i players, computers, and later-model LaserDisc players, such as the DVL series from Pioneer that can also play DVDs). CD-Vs can only be played back on LaserDisc players with CD-V capability. VSDs were the same as CD-Vs, but without the audio CD tracks. CD-Vs were somewhat popular for a brief time worldwide, but soon faded from view. VSDs were popular only in Japan and other parts of Asia, and were never fully introduced to the rest of the world.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: CD

text: Vs

text: are

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Video

text: CDs

text: which

text: are

text: all

text: digital

text: and

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: played

text: on

text: VCD

text: players

text: DVD

text: players

text: CD

text: i

text: players

text: computers

text: and

text: later

text: model

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: DVL

text: series

text: from

text: Pioneer

text: that

text: can

text: also

text: play

text: DVDs

text: CD

text: Vs

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: played

text: back

text: on

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: with

text: CD

text: V

text: capability

text: VSDs

text: were

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: CD

text: Vs

text: but

text: without

text: the

text: audio

text: CD

text: tracks

text: CD

text: Vs

text: were

text: somewhat

text: popular

text: for

text: a

text: brief

text: time

text: worldwide

text: but

text: soon

text: faded

text: from

text: view

text: VSDs

text: were

text: popular

text: only

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Asia

text: and

text: were

text: never

text: fully

text: introduced

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included?

answer: audio CD tracks

text: audio CD tracks

question: In what areas of the world were VSDs popular?

answer: only in Japan and other parts of Asia

text: only in Japan and other parts of Asia

question: Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players?

answer: VSDs

text: VSDs


text: Cubist sculpture developed in parallel to Cubist painting. During the autumn of 1909 Picasso sculpted Head of a Woman (Fernande) with positive features depicted by negative space and vice versa. According to Douglas Cooper: "The first true Cubist sculpture was Picasso's impressive Woman's Head, modeled in 1909–10, a counterpart in three dimensions to many similar analytical and faceted heads in his paintings at the time." These positive/negative reversals were ambitiously exploited by Alexander Archipenko in 1912–13, for example in Woman Walking. Joseph Csaky, after Archipenko, was the first sculptor in Paris to join the Cubists, with whom he exhibited from 1911 onwards. They were followed by Raymond Duchamp-Villon and then in 1914 by Jacques Lipchitz, Henri Laurens and Ossip Zadkine.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: Cubist

text: sculpture

text: developed

text: in

text: parallel

text: to

text: Cubist

text: painting

text: During

text: the

text: autumn

text: of

text: Picasso

text: sculpted

text: Head

text: of

text: a

text: Woman

text: Fernande

text: with

text: positive

text: features

text: depicted

text: by

text: negative

text: space

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: According

text: to

text: Douglas

text: Cooper

text: The

text: first

text: true

text: Cubist

text: sculpture

text: was

text: Picasso

text: 's

text: impressive

text: Woman

text: 's

text: Head

text: modeled

text: in

text: a

text: counterpart

text: in

text: three

text: dimensions

text: to

text: many

text: similar

text: analytical

text: and

text: faceted

text: heads

text: in

text: his

text: paintings

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: These

text: positive

text: negative

text: reversals

text: were

text: ambitiously

text: exploited

text: by

text: Alexander

text: Archipenko

text: in

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: Woman

text: Walking

text: Joseph

text: Csaky

text: after

text: Archipenko

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: sculptor

text: in

text: Paris

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Cubists

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: exhibited

text: from

text: onwards

text: They

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: Raymond

text: Duchamp

text: Villon

text: and

text: then

text: in

text: by

text: Jacques

text: Lipchitz

text: Henri

text: Laurens

text: and

text: Ossip

text: Zadkine

question: What was the name of the 1909 Cubist sculpture Picassos created?

answer: Head of a Woman

text: Head of a Woman

question: What Douglas Cooper call Picasso's 1909 Cubist sculpture?

answer: The first true Cubist sculpture

text: The first true Cubist sculpture

question: Which  Alexander Archipenko piece was similar to other Cubist scupltures of that time?

answer: Woman Walking

text: Woman Walking

question: What was the name of the 1907 Cubist sculpture Picassos created?

text: Head of a Woman

question: Who sculpted arm of a woman?

text: Picasso

question: When was Leg of a Woman sculpted?

question: Which Alexander Archipenko piece was different from other Cubist scupltures of that time?

text: Woman Walking

question: What did Alexander Archipenko paint in 1915?

text: Woman Walking


text: The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: council

text: are

text: each

text: elected

text: from

text: single

text: member

text: districts

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: mayor

text: and

text: city

text: attorney

text: are

text: elected

text: directly

text: by

text: the

text: voters

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: The

text: mayor

text: city

text: attorney

text: and

text: council

text: members

text: are

text: elected

text: to

text: four

text: year

text: terms

text: with

text: a

text: two

text: term

text: limit

text: Elections

text: are

text: held

text: on

text: a

text: non

text: partisan

text: basis

text: per

text: California

text: state

text: law

text: nevertheless

text: most

text: officeholders

text: do

text: identify

text: themselves

text: as

text: either

text: Democrats

text: or

text: Republicans

text: In

text: registered

text: Democrats

text: outnumbered

text: Republicans

text: by

text: about

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: Democrats

text: currently

text: as

text: of

text: hold

text: a

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: council

text: The

text: current

text: mayor

text: Kevin

text: Faulconer

text: is

text: a

text: Republican

question: Who votes in the city's attorney and mayor?

answer: voters of the entire city

text: voters of the entire city

question: How long is the term for council members?

answer: four-year terms,

text: four-year terms,

question: Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007?

answer: Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6

text: Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6

question: Who is Kevin Faulconer?

answer: current mayor

text: current mayor

question: Who elects members of city council?

answer: single member districts within the city

text: single member districts within the city

question: Who votes in the city's attorney and general?

text: voters of the entire city

question: How long is the term for security members?

text: four-year terms

question: Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2017?

question: Who isn't Kevin Faulconer?

text: current mayor

question: Who fires members of city council?

text: single member districts within the city


text: For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym "Greeks" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi, (as opposed to being so named by others) and, at least those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic. There were, however, many Greeks who escaped the second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system, according to which Muslims were explicitly awarded senior status and preferential treatment. These Greeks either emigrated, particularly to their fellow Greek Orthodox protector, the Russian Empire, or simply converted to Islam, often only very superficially and whilst remaining crypto-Christian. The most notable examples of large-scale conversion to Turkish Islam among those today defined as Greek Muslims - excluding those who had to convert as a matter of course on being recruited through the devshirme - were to be found in Crete (Cretan Turks), Greek Macedonia (for example among the Vallahades of western Macedonia), and among Pontic Greeks in the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands. Several Ottoman sultans and princes were also of part Greek origin, with mothers who were either Greek concubines or princesses from Byzantine noble families, one famous example being sultan Selim the Grim, whose mother Gülbahar Hatun was a Pontic Greek.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: For

text: those

text: that

text: remained

text: under

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: 's

text: millet

text: system

text: religion

text: was

text: the

text: defining

text: characteristic

text: of

text: national

text: groups

text: milletler

text: so

text: the

text: exonym

text: Greeks

text: Rumlar

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: Rhomaioi

text: was

text: applied

text: by

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: to

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: language

text: or

text: ethnic

text: origin

text: The

text: Greek

text: speakers

text: were

text: the

text: only

text: ethnic

text: group

text: to

text: actually

text: call

text: themselves

text: Romioi

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: being

text: so

text: named

text: by

text: others

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: those

text: educated

text: considered

text: their

text: ethnicity

text: genos

text: to

text: be

text: Hellenic

text: There

text: were

text: however

text: many

text: Greeks

text: who

text: escaped

text: the

text: second

text: class

text: status

text: of

text: Christians

text: inherent

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: millet

text: system

text: according

text: to

text: which

text: Muslims

text: were

text: explicitly

text: awarded

text: senior

text: status

text: and

text: preferential

text: treatment

text: These

text: Greeks

text: either

text: emigrated

text: particularly

text: to

text: their

text: fellow

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: protector

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: or

text: simply

text: converted

text: to

text: Islam

text: often

text: only

text: very

text: superficially

text: and

text: whilst

text: remaining

text: crypto

text: Christian

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: examples

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: conversion

text: to

text: Turkish

text: Islam

text: among

text: those

text: today

text: defined

text: as

text: Greek

text: Muslims

text: excluding

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: to

text: convert

text: as

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: course

text: on

text: being

text: recruited

text: through

text: the

text: devshirme

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Crete

text: Cretan

text: Turks

text: Greek

text: Macedonia

text: for

text: example

text: among

text: the

text: Vallahades

text: of

text: western

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: among

text: Pontic

text: Greeks

text: in

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Alps

text: and

text: Armenian

text: Highlands

text: Several

text: Ottoman

text: sultans

text: and

text: princes

text: were

text: also

text: of

text: part

text: Greek

text: origin

text: with

text: mothers

text: who

text: were

text: either

text: Greek

text: concubines

text: or

text: princesses

text: from

text: Byzantine

text: noble

text: families

text: one

text: famous

text: example

text: being

text: sultan

text: Selim

text: the

text: Grim

text: whose

text: mother

text: Gülbahar

text: Hatun

text: was

text: a

text: Pontic

text: Greek

question: How were the population factions of the Ottoman Empire classified ?

answer: religion was the defining characteristic of national groups

text: religion was the defining characteristic of national groups

question: What did it mean to be classified as a Greek by the millet command ?

answer: was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin.

text: was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin.

question: What moniker did the Greeks grant themselves for distinction ?

answer: The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi

text: The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi

question: What did the literate segment of Greeks consider to be a part of their ethic lines ?

answer: those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic

text: those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic

question: Were Christian prized among the Ottomans ?

answer: second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system

text: second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system

question: How weren't the population factions of the Ottoman Empire classified

text: religion

question: What did it mean to not be classified as a Greek by the millet command ?

question: What moniker did the Greeks grant themselves for distinction?

text: Romioi

question: What did the literate segment of Greeks consider not to be a part of their ethic lines ?

text: Hellenic

question: Were Christian prized among the non-Ottomans

text: second-class status


text: In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended the war and provided freedom to worship for the Christian citizens of the Ottoman-controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia. By the late 18th century, a number of defeats in several wars with Russia led some people in the Ottoman Empire to conclude that the reforms of Peter the Great had given the Russians an edge, and the Ottomans would have to keep up with Western technology in order to avoid further defeats.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: In

text: Russian

text: backed

text: Ukrainian

text: Haidamaks

text: pursuing

text: Polish

text: confederates

text: entered

text: Balta

text: an

text: Ottoman

text: controlled

text: town

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: Bessarabia

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: massacred

text: its

text: citizens

text: and

text: burned

text: the

text: town

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: This

text: action

text: provoked

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: into

text: the

text: Russo

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Küçük

text: Kaynarca

text: of

text: ended

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: provided

text: freedom

text: to

text: worship

text: for

text: the

text: Christian

text: citizens

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: controlled

text: provinces

text: of

text: Wallachia

text: and

text: Moldavia

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: defeats

text: in

text: several

text: wars

text: with

text: Russia

text: led

text: some

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: to

text: conclude

text: that

text: the

text: reforms

text: of

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: had

text: given

text: the

text: Russians

text: an

text: edge

text: and

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: keep

text: up

text: with

text: Western

text: technology

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: avoid

text: further

text: defeats

question: Which group supported by Russia entered Balta in 1768?

answer: Ukrainian Haidamaks

text: Ukrainian Haidamaks

question: Near what region was Balta bording?

answer: Bessarabia

text: Bessarabia

question: During what years was the Russo-Turkish war?

answer: 1768–1774

question: The Russo-Turkish War resulted in what treaty?

answer: Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

text: Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

question: The culmination of the Russo-Turkish war granted what to the citizens of Ottoman controlled Provinces in Moldavia?

answer: freedom to worship

text: freedom to worship