text: The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones in which Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win. French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy, which won a decisive victory over a Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar in 1805. Overseas colonies were attacked and occupied, including those of the Netherlands, which was annexed by Napoleon in 1810. France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815. Britain was again the beneficiary of peace treaties: France ceded the Ionian Islands, Malta (which it had occupied in 1797 and 1798 respectively), Mauritius, St Lucia, and Tobago; Spain ceded Trinidad; the Netherlands Guyana, and the Cape Colony. Britain returned Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Réunion to France, and Java and Suriname to the Netherlands, while gaining control of Ceylon (1795–1815).

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: were

text: therefore

text: ones

text: in

text: which

text: Britain

text: invested

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: capital

text: and

text: resources

text: to

text: win

text: French

text: ports

text: were

text: blockaded

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: which

text: won

text: a

text: decisive

text: victory

text: over

text: a

text: Franco

text: Spanish

text: fleet

text: at

text: Trafalgar

text: in

text: Overseas

text: colonies

text: were

text: attacked

text: and

text: occupied

text: including

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: which

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: in

text: France

text: was

text: finally

text: defeated

text: by

text: a

text: coalition

text: of

text: European

text: armies

text: in

text: Britain

text: was

text: again

text: the

text: beneficiary

text: of

text: peace

text: treaties

text: France

text: ceded

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Islands

text: Malta

text: which

text: it

text: had

text: occupied

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: Mauritius

text: St

text: Lucia

text: and

text: Tobago

text: Spain

text: ceded

text: Trinidad

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Guyana

text: and

text: the

text: Cape

text: Colony

text: Britain

text: returned

text: Guadeloupe

text: Martinique

text: French

text: Guiana

text: and

text: Réunion

text: to

text: France

text: and

text: Java

text: and

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: while

text: gaining

text: control

text: of

text: Ceylon

question: The British Royal Navy blockaded which ports?

answer: French

text: French

question: Where did the British Royal Navy defeat the French and Spanish in 1805?

answer: Trafalgar

text: Trafalgar

question: When were the Netherlands' colonies annexed by Napoleon?

answer: 1810

question: When was Napoleon finally defeated?

answer: 1815

question: The Napoleonic peace treaty had Ceylon given to which country?

answer: Britain

text: Britain


text: New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898. The government of New York is more centralized than that of most other U.S. cities. In New York City, the city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: metropolitan

text: municipality

text: with

text: a

text: mayor

text: council

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: since

text: its

text: consolidation

text: in

text: The

text: government

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: more

text: centralized

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: most

text: other

text: U.S.

text: cities

text: In

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: city

text: government

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: public

text: education

text: correctional

text: institutions

text: public

text: safety

text: recreational

text: facilities

text: sanitation

text: water

text: supply

text: and

text: welfare

text: services

question: What type of government does New York City have?

answer: mayor-council

text: mayor-council

question: In what year did New York City adopt the mayor-council form of government?

answer: 1898


text: In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in other Confucian classics, e.g., as recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Ji Liang says, "People is the zhu (master, lord, dominance, owner or origin) of gods. So, to sage kings, people first, gods second"; Neishi Guo says, "Gods, clever, righteous and wholehearted, comply with human." Taoist and Confucian secularism contain elements of moral thought devoid of religious authority or deism however they only partly resembled our modern concept of secularism.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Taoist

text: teacher

text: Lao

text: Tzu

text: espoused

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: naturalistic

text: concepts

text: with

text: some

text: elements

text: of

text: humanistic

text: philosophy

text: The

text: Silver

text: Rule

text: of

text: Confucianism

text: from

text: Analects

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: ethical

text: philosophy

text: based

text: on

text: human

text: values

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: supernatural

text: Humanistic

text: thought

text: is

text: also

text: contained

text: in

text: other

text: Confucian

text: classics

text: e.g.

text: as

text: recorded

text: in

text: Zuo

text: Zhuan

text: Ji

text: Liang

text: says

text: People

text: is

text: the

text: zhu

text: master

text: lord

text: dominance

text: owner

text: or

text: origin

text: of

text: gods

text: So

text: to

text: sage

text: kings

text: people

text: first

text: gods

text: second

text: Neishi

text: Guo

text: says

text: Gods

text: clever

text: righteous

text: and

text: wholehearted

text: comply

text: with

text: human

text: Taoist

text: and

text: Confucian

text: secularism

text: contain

text: elements

text: of

text: moral

text: thought

text: devoid

text: of

text: religious

text: authority

text: or

text: deism

text: however

text: they

text: only

text: partly

text: resembled

text: our

text: modern

text: concept

text: of

text: secularism

question: When were humanism beliefs mixed with another philosophy by a Taoist thinker?

answer: 6th century BCE

text: 6th century BCE

question: What is an example of Humanism based philosophy that focused on ethics?

answer: Silver Rule of Confucianism

text: Silver Rule of Confucianism

question: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of gods?

answer: Ji Liang

text: Ji Liang

question: Where could you read this information?

answer: Zuo Zhuan

text: Zuo Zhuan

question: When were humanism beliefs separated from another philosophy by a Taoist thinker?

text: 6th century BCE

question: What is an example of Humanism based philosophy that discouraged ethics?

text: Silver Rule of Confucianism

question: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of humans?

text: Ji Liang

question: What classic did Ji Liang burn?

text: Zuo Zhuan

question: Who decided to stop teaching Tao?

text: Lao Tzu


text: In 2007, the country with the highest estimated incidence rate of TB was Swaziland, with 1,200 cases per 100,000 people. India had the largest total incidence, with an estimated 2.0 million new cases. In developed countries, tuberculosis is less common and is found mainly in urban areas. Rates per 100,000 people in different areas of the world were: globally 178, Africa 332, the Americas 36, Eastern Mediterranean 173, Europe 63, Southeast Asia 278, and Western Pacific 139 in 2010. In Canada and Australia, tuberculosis is many times more common among the aboriginal peoples, especially in remote areas. In the United States Native Americans have a fivefold greater mortality from TB, and racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 84% of all reported TB cases.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: In

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: estimated

text: incidence

text: rate

text: of

text: TB

text: was

text: Swaziland

text: with

text: cases

text: per

text: people

text: India

text: had

text: the

text: largest

text: total

text: incidence

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: new

text: cases

text: In

text: developed

text: countries

text: tuberculosis

text: is

text: less

text: common

text: and

text: is

text: found

text: mainly

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Rates

text: per

text: people

text: in

text: different

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: were

text: globally

text: Africa

text: the

text: Americas

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: Europe

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: Western

text: Pacific

text: in

text: In

text: Canada

text: and

text: Australia

text: tuberculosis

text: is

text: many

text: times

text: more

text: common

text: among

text: the

text: aboriginal

text: peoples

text: especially

text: in

text: remote

text: areas

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Native

text: Americans

text: have

text: a

text: fivefold

text: greater

text: mortality

text: from

text: TB

text: and

text: racial

text: and

text: ethnic

text: minorities

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: reported

text: TB

text: cases

question: Out of every 100,000 people in Swaziland in 2007, how many were infected with tuberculosis?

answer: 1,200

question: What country had a record-setting 2 million new cases of TB in 2007?

answer: India

text: India

question: What people in Australia and Canada have a much higher risk of TB infection than other residents?

answer: aboriginal

text: aboriginal

question: What indigenous people in the U.S. are five times more likely to die from TB?

answer: Native Americans

text: Native Americans

question: What percentage of TB cases in America are diagnosed in minority groups?

answer: 84%

question: What percentage of TB cases worldwide are minorities?

question: How many new cases in millions did Swaziland have in 2007?

question: What is mostly found in remote areas in developed countries?

text: tuberculosis

question: What was the rate of TB cases per 100,000 people in Swaziland in 2010?

question: How much greater is the mortality rate from TB for racial and ethnic minorities?

text: fivefold


text: Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. The system's release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Designed

text: by

text: Masayuki

text: Uemura

text: the

text: designer

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Famicom

text: the

text: Super

text: Famicom

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: November

text: for

text: US$

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: instant

text: success

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: initial

text: shipment

text: of

text: units

text: sold

text: out

text: within

text: hours

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: social

text: disturbance

text: led

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: to

text: ask

text: video

text: game

text: manufacturers

text: to

text: schedule

text: future

text: console

text: releases

text: on

text: weekends

text: The

text: system

text: 's

text: release

text: also

text: gained

text: the

text: attention

text: of

text: the

text: Yakuza

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: decision

text: to

text: ship

text: the

text: devices

text: at

text: night

text: to

text: avoid

text: robbery

question: Who designed both the NES and SNES?

answer: Masayuki Uemura

text: Masayuki Uemura

question: How much in yen did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?

answer: ¥25,000

question: How much in dollars did the Super Famicom cost in Japan?

answer: US$210

question: How many Super Famicoms were produced in the first run?

answer: 300,000

question: What criminal group plotted to steal Super Famicoms?

answer: the Yakuza

text: the Yakuza

question: What did the Japanese government release in Japan on November 21, 1990?

text: the Super Famicom

question: How many units were stolen by the Yakuza?

text: 300,000 units

question: How much did the original Famicom cost in Japan?

text: ¥25,000 (US$210)

question: After the original Famicom sold out, what did the Japanese government do?

question: What event happened after the Yakuza noticed the sale of the original Famicom?

text: social disturbance


text: In 2002, Chinese geologist Chen Xuezhong published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in which he came to the conclusion that beginning with 2003, attention should be paid to the possibility of an earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.0 occurring in Sichuan region. He based his study on statistical correlation. That Sichuan is a seismically active area has been discussed for years prior to the quake, though few studies point to a specific date and time.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: In

text: Chinese

text: geologist

text: Chen

text: Xuezhong

text: published

text: a

text: Seismic

text: Risk

text: Analysis

text: study

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: conclusion

text: that

text: beginning

text: with

text: attention

text: should

text: be

text: paid

text: to

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: an

text: earthquake

text: with

text: a

text: magnitude

text: of

text: over

text: occurring

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: region

text: He

text: based

text: his

text: study

text: on

text: statistical

text: correlation

text: That

text: Sichuan

text: is

text: a

text: seismically

text: active

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: discussed

text: for

text: years

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: quake

text: though

text: few

text: studies

text: point

text: to

text: a

text: specific

text: date

text: and

text: time

question: When was a Seismic Risk Analysis published?

answer: In 2002

text: In 2002

question: Who published the Seismic Risk Analysis?

answer: Chen Xuezhong

text: Chen Xuezhong

question: Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis Study?

answer: Chen Xuezhong

text: Chen Xuezhong

question: In what year did Chen Xuezhong publish an earthquake study?

answer: 2002

question: What strength did he predict the next quake in Sichuan to be?

answer: over 7.0

text: over 7.0


text: The Weston Cadet (model 852 introduced in 1949), Direct Reading (model 853 introduced 1954) and Master III (models 737 and S141.3 introduced in 1956) were the first in their line of exposure meters to switch and utilize the meanwhile established ASA scale instead. Other models used the original Weston scale up until ca. 1955. The company continued to publish Weston film ratings after 1955, but while their recommended values often differed slightly from the ASA film speeds found on film boxes, these newer Weston values were based on the ASA system and had to be converted for use with older Weston meters by subtracting 1/3 exposure stop as per Weston's recommendation. Vice versa, "old" Weston film speed ratings could be converted into "new" Westons and the ASA scale by adding the same amount, that is, a film rating of 100 Weston (up to 1955) corresponded with 125 ASA (as per ASA PH2.5-1954 and before). This conversion was not necessary on Weston meters manufactured and Weston film ratings published since 1956 due to their inherent use of the ASA system; however the changes of the ASA PH2.5-1960 revision may be taken into account when comparing with newer ASA or ISO values.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: Weston

text: Cadet

text: model

text: introduced

text: in

text: Direct

text: Reading

text: model

text: introduced

text: and

text: Master

text: III

text: models

text: and

text: introduced

text: in

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: their

text: line

text: of

text: exposure

text: meters

text: to

text: switch

text: and

text: utilize

text: the

text: meanwhile

text: established

text: ASA

text: scale

text: instead

text: Other

text: models

text: used

text: the

text: original

text: Weston

text: scale

text: up

text: until

text: ca

text: The

text: company

text: continued

text: to

text: publish

text: Weston

text: film

text: ratings

text: after

text: but

text: while

text: their

text: recommended

text: values

text: often

text: differed

text: slightly

text: from

text: the

text: ASA

text: film

text: speeds

text: found

text: on

text: film

text: boxes

text: these

text: newer

text: Weston

text: values

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: ASA

text: system

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: converted

text: for

text: use

text: with

text: older

text: Weston

text: meters

text: by

text: subtracting

text: exposure

text: stop

text: as

text: per

text: Weston

text: 's

text: recommendation

text: Vice

text: versa

text: old

text: Weston

text: film

text: speed

text: ratings

text: could

text: be

text: converted

text: into

text: new

text: Westons

text: and

text: the

text: ASA

text: scale

text: by

text: adding

text: the

text: same

text: amount

text: that

text: is

text: a

text: film

text: rating

text: of

text: Weston

text: up

text: to

text: corresponded

text: with

text: ASA

text: as

text: per

text: ASA

text: and

text: before

text: This

text: conversion

text: was

text: not

text: necessary

text: on

text: Weston

text: meters

text: manufactured

text: and

text: Weston

text: film

text: ratings

text: published

text: since

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: inherent

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: ASA

text: system

text: however

text: the

text: changes

text: of

text: the

text: ASA

text: revision

text: may

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: when

text: comparing

text: with

text: newer

text: ASA

text: or

text: ISO

text: values

question: Which cameras were first of their type to adopt the ASA scale?

answer: The Weston Cadet (model 852 introduced in 1949), Direct Reading (model 853 introduced 1954) and Master III (models 737 and S141.3 introduced in 1956)

text: The Weston Cadet (model 852 introduced in 1949), Direct Reading (model 853 introduced 1954) and Master III (models 737 and S141.3 introduced in 1956)

question: What were updated Weston values based on?

answer: the ASA system

text: the ASA system

question: How were Weston values changed to ASA values?

answer: by subtracting 1/3 exposure stop

text: by subtracting 1/3 exposure stop

question: Beginning with which year was the Weston to ASA conversion not necessary?

answer: 1956

question: Until what year did other models use the original Weston scale?

answer: 1955

question: Which two models were introduced in 1949?

text: 737 and S141.3

question: When did models move back to the Weston scale?

question: What was added to convert Weston values to the older meters?

text: 1/3 exposure stop

question: What was necessary on meters manufactured after 1956?

text: conversion

question: When was the ASA scale established?

text: ca. 1955


text: In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes. Absorption occurs in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and the process finishes with defecation.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: In

text: mammals

text: preparation

text: for

text: digestion

text: begins

text: with

text: the

text: cephalic

text: phase

text: in

text: which

text: saliva

text: is

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: mouth

text: and

text: digestive

text: enzymes

text: are

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: stomach

text: Mechanical

text: and

text: chemical

text: digestion

text: begin

text: in

text: the

text: mouth

text: where

text: food

text: is

text: chewed

text: and

text: mixed

text: with

text: saliva

text: to

text: begin

text: enzymatic

text: processing

text: of

text: starches

text: The

text: stomach

text: continues

text: to

text: break

text: food

text: down

text: mechanically

text: and

text: chemically

text: through

text: churning

text: and

text: mixing

text: with

text: both

text: acids

text: and

text: enzymes

text: Absorption

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: finishes

text: with

text: defecation

question: What is the firs phase in preparation for digestion  in mammals?

answer: the cephalic phase

text: the cephalic phase

question: What is the cephalic phase?

answer: saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach

text: saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach

question: What digestions begin in the mouth?

answer: Mechanical and chemical digestion

text: Mechanical and chemical digestion

question: What happens in the stomach after the food is chewed and mixed with starches?

answer: The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes

text: The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes

question: Where does absorption occur?

answer: in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract

text: in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract


text: The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. It also marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by the Third Republic. As part of the settlement, almost all of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, which it would retain until the end of World War I.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: was

text: a

text: conflict

text: between

text: France

text: and

text: Prussia

text: while

text: Prussia

text: was

text: backed

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Confederation

text: of

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: member

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: German

text: states

text: of

text: Baden

text: Württemberg

text: and

text: Bavaria

text: The

text: complete

text: Prussian

text: and

text: German

text: victory

text: brought

text: about

text: the

text: final

text: unification

text: of

text: Germany

text: under

text: King

text: Wilhelm

text: I

text: of

text: Prussia

text: It

text: also

text: marked

text: the

text: downfall

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: French

text: Empire

text: which

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: Third

text: Republic

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: settlement

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: was

text: taken

text: by

text: Prussia

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: Germany

text: which

text: it

text: would

text: retain

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I.

question: What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war?

answer: France and Prussia

text: France and Prussia

question: Name one of the groups who backed Prussia in the Franco-Russian war?

answer: North German Confederation

text: North German Confederation

question: What did the Prussian and German victory mark?

answer: final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia.

text: final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia.

question: Prussia claimed almost all of what territory?

answer: Alsace-Lorraine

text: Alsace-Lorraine

question: Prussia retained most of Alsace-Lorraine up until what event?

answer: World War I.

text: World War I.


text: By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: By

text: synchronously

text: resetting

text: all

text: clocks

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: to

text: one

text: hour

text: ahead

text: of

text: Standard

text: Time

text: one

text: hour

text: fast

text: individuals

text: who

text: follow

text: such

text: a

text: year

text: round

text: schedule

text: will

text: wake

text: an

text: hour

text: earlier

text: than

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: otherwise

text: they

text: will

text: begin

text: and

text: complete

text: daily

text: work

text: routines

text: an

text: hour

text: earlier

text: and

text: they

text: will

text: have

text: available

text: to

text: them

text: an

text: extra

text: hour

text: of

text: daylight

text: after

text: their

text: workday

text: activities

text: However

text: they

text: will

text: have

text: one

text: less

text: hour

text: of

text: daylight

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: each

text: day

text: making

text: the

text: policy

text: less

text: practical

text: during

text: winter

question: How much earlier do people's routines happen because of daylight savings?

answer: one hour

text: one hour

question: In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: Does setting the clocks ahead add an hour of daylight before or after the normal workday?

answer: after

text: after

question: What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?

answer: Standard Time

text: Standard Time


text: After the war, though, the Continental Army was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, with the exception of a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans, it was soon realized that it was necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army was at first very small, and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States, which was established in 1791 and renamed the "United States Army" in 1796.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: though

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: quickly

text: given

text: land

text: certificates

text: and

text: disbanded

text: in

text: a

text: reflection

text: of

text: the

text: republican

text: distrust

text: of

text: standing

text: armies

text: State

text: militias

text: became

text: the

text: new

text: nation

text: 's

text: sole

text: ground

text: army

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: a

text: regiment

text: to

text: guard

text: the

text: Western

text: Frontier

text: and

text: one

text: battery

text: of

text: artillery

text: guarding

text: West

text: Point

text: 's

text: arsenal

text: However

text: because

text: of

text: continuing

text: conflict

text: with

text: Native

text: Americans

text: it

text: was

text: soon

text: realized

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: field

text: a

text: trained

text: standing

text: army

text: The

text: Regular

text: Army

text: was

text: at

text: first

text: very

text: small

text: and

text: after

text: General

text: St.

text: Clair

text: 's

text: defeat

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Wabash

text: the

text: Regular

text: Army

text: was

text: reorganized

text: as

text: the

text: Legion

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: renamed

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: in

question: What political party did not have trust in standing armies?

answer: republican

text: republican

question: Who did the state militias have ongoing conflict with?

answer: Native Americans

text: Native Americans

question: Who was defeated at the Battle of the Wabash?

answer: General St. Clair

text: General St. Clair

question: In what year was the Legion of the United States established?

answer: 1791

question: In what year was the Legion of the United States renamed to the United States Army?

answer: 1796

question: What person did not trust the standing armies?

text: republican

question: Who did the state militia have an ongoing peace treaty with?

text: Native Americans

question: Who was killed at the Battle of the Wabash?

text: General St. Clair

question: In what year was the the government of the United States established?


text: Text is frequently incorporated into comics via speech balloons, captions, and sound effects. Speech balloons indicate dialogue (or thought, in the case of thought balloons), with tails pointing at their respective speakers. Captions can give voice to a narrator, convey characters' dialogue or thoughts, or indicate place or time. Speech balloons themselves are strongly associated with comics, such that the addition of one to an image is sufficient to turn the image into comics. Sound effects mimic non-vocal sounds textually using onomatopoeia sound-words.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Text

text: is

text: frequently

text: incorporated

text: into

text: comics

text: via

text: speech

text: balloons

text: captions

text: and

text: sound

text: effects

text: Speech

text: balloons

text: indicate

text: dialogue

text: or

text: thought

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: thought

text: balloons

text: with

text: tails

text: pointing

text: at

text: their

text: respective

text: speakers

text: Captions

text: can

text: give

text: voice

text: to

text: a

text: narrator

text: convey

text: characters

text: dialogue

text: or

text: thoughts

text: or

text: indicate

text: place

text: or

text: time

text: Speech

text: balloons

text: themselves

text: are

text: strongly

text: associated

text: with

text: comics

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: one

text: to

text: an

text: image

text: is

text: sufficient

text: to

text: turn

text: the

text: image

text: into

text: comics

text: Sound

text: effects

text: mimic

text: non

text: vocal

text: sounds

text: textually

text: using

text: onomatopoeia

text: sound

text: words

question: What association with comics is strong?

answer: Speech balloons

text: Speech balloons

question: The presence of a single speech balloon in an image turns it into what?

answer: comics

text: comics

question: What type of words are used to do sound effects in comics?

answer: onomatopoeia

text: onomatopoeia

question: What association with comics is weak?

text: Speech balloons

question: What disassociation with comics is strong?

text: Speech balloons

question: The presence of a double speech balloon in an image turns it into what?

text: comics

question: The non-presence of a single speech balloon in an image turns it into what?

text: comics

question: What type of words are used to do word effects in comics?

text: onomatopoeia


text: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: While

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: structural

text: and

text: aesthetic

text: considerations

text: should

text: be

text: entirely

text: subject

text: to

text: functionality

text: was

text: met

text: with

text: both

text: popularity

text: and

text: skepticism

text: it

text: had

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: introducing

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: function

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: Vitruvius

text: utility

text: Function

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: encompassing

text: all

text: criteria

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: perception

text: and

text: enjoyment

text: of

text: a

text: building

text: not

text: only

text: practical

text: but

text: also

text: aesthetic

text: psychological

text: and

text: cultural

question: What term replaced Vitruvius' term "utility"?

answer: Function

text: Function

question: In addition to being practically useful what other aspects did a building need in order to be considered functional?

answer: aesthetic, psychological and cultural

text: aesthetic, psychological and cultural

question: Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function replace?

answer: Vitruvius

text: Vitruvius

question: What aspects of a building were considered part of the larger concept of function?

answer: all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building

text: all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building

question: What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns?

answer: both popularity and skepticism

text: both popularity and skepticism

question: What term replaced Vitruvius' term "nonutility"?

text: function

question: What was the term "criteria" replaced by?

text: utility

question: Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function not replace?

text: Vitruvius

question: What aspects of a building were considered part of the smaller concept of function?

question: What were the reactions to the idea that function should never come before other concerns?

text: both popularity and skepticism


text: The population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2016 to be 8,476,600 people. It is the world's only Jewish-majority state, with 6,345,400 citizens, or 74.9%, being designated as Jewish. The country's second largest group of citizens are denoted as Arabs, numbering 1,760,400 people (including the Druze and most East Jerusalem Arabs). The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, with smaller but significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins; the rest are Christians and Druze. Other far smaller minorities include Maronites, Samaritans, Dom people and Roma, Black Hebrew Israelites, other Sub-Saharan Africans, Armenians, Circassians, Vietnamese boat people, and others. Israel also hosts a significant population of non-citizen foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Israel

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Israel

text: Central

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Statistics

text: was

text: estimated

text: in

text: to

text: be

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: Jewish

text: majority

text: state

text: with

text: citizens

text: or

text: being

text: designated

text: as

text: Jewish

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: citizens

text: are

text: denoted

text: as

text: Arabs

text: numbering

text: people

text: including

text: the

text: Druze

text: and

text: most

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: Arabs

text: The

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: Israeli

text: Arabs

text: are

text: Sunni

text: Muslims

text: with

text: smaller

text: but

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: semi

text: settled

text: Negev

text: Bedouins

text: the

text: rest

text: are

text: Christians

text: and

text: Druze

text: Other

text: far

text: smaller

text: minorities

text: include

text: Maronites

text: Samaritans

text: Dom

text: people

text: and

text: Roma

text: Black

text: Hebrew

text: Israelites

text: other

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africans

text: Armenians

text: Circassians

text: Vietnamese

text: boat

text: people

text: and

text: others

text: Israel

text: also

text: hosts

text: a

text: significant

text: population

text: of

text: non

text: citizen

text: foreign

text: workers

text: and

text: asylum

text: seekers

text: from

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

question: What was the population of Israel in 2016?

answer: 8,476,600

question: How many citizens in Israel are Jewish?

answer: 6,345,400

question: How many citizens in Israel are Arab?

answer: 1,760,400


text: Oklahoma i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ (Cherokee: Asgaya gigageyi / ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎩᎦᎨᏱ; or translated ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ (òɡàlàhoma), Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people". It is also known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State, in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on the choicest pieces of land before the official opening date, and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which opened the door for white settlement in America's Indian Territory. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/

text: Cherokee

text: Asgaya

text: gigageyi

text: ᎠᏍᎦᏯ

text: ᎩᎦᎨᏱ

text: or

text: translated

text: ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ

text: òɡàlàhoma

text: Pawnee

text: Uukuhuúwa

text: Cayuga

text: Gahnawiyoˀgeh

text: is

text: a

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Central

text: United

text: States

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Choctaw

text: words

text: okla

text: and

text: humma

text: meaning

text: red

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: informally

text: by

text: its

text: nickname

text: The

text: Sooner

text: State

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: non

text: Native

text: settlers

text: who

text: staked

text: their

text: claims

text: on

text: the

text: choicest

text: pieces

text: of

text: land

text: before

text: the

text: official

text: opening

text: date

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Appropriations

text: Act

text: of

text: which

text: opened

text: the

text: door

text: for

text: white

text: settlement

text: in

text: America

text: 's

text: Indian

text: Territory

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: settled

text: upon

text: statehood

text: Oklahoma

text: Territory

text: and

text: Indian

text: Territory

text: were

text: merged

text: and

text: Indian

text: was

text: dropped

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: On

text: November

text: Oklahoma

text: became

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: union

text: Its

text: residents

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Oklahomans

text: or

text: informally

text: Okies

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Oklahoma

text: City

question: What is the Cherokee name for Oklahoma?

answer: Asgaya gigageyi

text: Asgaya gigageyi

question: What is the Pawnee name for Oklahoma?

answer: Uukuhuúwa

text: Uukuhuúwa

question: What is the Cayuga name for Oklahoma?

answer: Gahnawiyoˀgeh

text: Gahnawiyoˀgeh

question: Where does Oklahoma rank by population?

answer: 28th

question: What is Oklahoma's nickname?

answer: The Sooner State

text: The Sooner State


text: Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans, which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the Stanley Cup. Seattle was also home to a previous Major League Baseball franchise in 1969: the Seattle Pilots. The Pilots relocated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and became the Milwaukee Brewers for the 1970 season. From 1967 to 2008 Seattle was also home to an National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise: the Seattle SuperSonics, who were the 1978–79 NBA champions. The SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and became the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: professional

text: sports

text: history

text: began

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: PCHA

text: 's

text: Seattle

text: Metropolitans

text: which

text: in

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: hockey

text: team

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Stanley

text: Cup

text: Seattle

text: was

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: previous

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: franchise

text: in

text: the

text: Seattle

text: Pilots

text: The

text: Pilots

text: relocated

text: to

text: Milwaukee

text: Wisconsin

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: Milwaukee

text: Brewers

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: From

text: to

text: Seattle

text: was

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: franchise

text: the

text: Seattle

text: SuperSonics

text: who

text: were

text: the

text: NBA

text: champions

text: The

text: SuperSonics

text: relocated

text: to

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Thunder

text: for

text: the

text: season

question: What was the first American hockey team to win a Stanley Cup?

answer: PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans

text: PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans

question: In what year did the Seattle Metropolitans win the Stanley Cup?

answer: 1917

question: To where did Seattle's Baseball team relocate in 1969?

answer: Milwaukee, Wisconsin

text: Milwaukee, Wisconsin

question: What was the new name of the Seattle team?

answer: Milwaukee Brewers

text: Milwaukee Brewers

question: When did the Seattle Super Sonics win an NBA championship?

answer: 1978–79


text: In early 2009, Spielberg shot the first film in a planned trilogy of motion capture films based on The Adventures of Tintin, written by Belgian artist Hergé, with Peter Jackson. The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, was not released until October 2011, due to the complexity of the computer animation involved. The world premiere took place on October 22, 2011 in Brussels, Belgium. The film was released in North American theaters on December 21, 2011, in Digital 3D and IMAX. It received generally positive reviews from critics, and grossed over $373 million worldwide. The Adventures of Tintin won the award for Best Animated Feature Film at the Golden Globe Awards that year. It is the first non-Pixar film to win the award since the category was first introduced. Jackson has been announced to direct the second film.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: In

text: early

text: Spielberg

text: shot

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: in

text: a

text: planned

text: trilogy

text: of

text: motion

text: capture

text: films

text: based

text: on

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: written

text: by

text: Belgian

text: artist

text: Hergé

text: with

text: Peter

text: Jackson

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: The

text: Secret

text: of

text: the

text: Unicorn

text: was

text: not

text: released

text: until

text: October

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: complexity

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: animation

text: involved

text: The

text: world

text: premiere

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: October

text: in

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: North

text: American

text: theaters

text: on

text: December

text: in

text: Digital

text: and

text: IMAX

text: It

text: received

text: generally

text: positive

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: and

text: grossed

text: over

text: million

text: worldwide

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: won

text: the

text: award

text: for

text: Best

text: Animated

text: Feature

text: Film

text: at

text: the

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Awards

text: that

text: year

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: non

text: Pixar

text: film

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: award

text: since

text: the

text: category

text: was

text: first

text: introduced

text: Jackson

text: has

text: been

text: announced

text: to

text: direct

text: the

text: second

text: film

question: What was the first non-Pixar movie to win the Best Animated Feature Film award?

answer: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn

text: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn

question: Where did Adventures of Tintin debut?

answer: Brussels, Belgium

text: Brussels, Belgium

question: When did Adventures of Tintin debut?

answer: October 22, 2011

text: October 22, 2011

question: When was Adventures of Tintin released in the US?

answer: December 21, 2011

text: December 21, 2011

question: How much did Adventures of Tintin earn?

answer: over $373 million worldwide

text: over $373 million worldwide

question: What was one of the cities that The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn took place in?

text: Brussels, Belgium

question: How much did The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn make in the United States?

text: $373 million

question: How much did The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn earn overseas?

text: $373 million

question: When was it announced that Peter Jackson would direct the next The Adventures of Tintin movie?

question: What will be the name of the next Tintin movie?

text: The Secret of the Unicorn


text: Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964, while the 1960 and 1968 elections were close. Since 1972, however, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In 2008, Republican John McCain defeated Democrat Barack Obama in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was Sarah Palin, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Alaska

text: regularly

text: supports

text: Republicans

text: in

text: presidential

text: elections

text: and

text: has

text: done

text: so

text: since

text: statehood

text: Republicans

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: electoral

text: college

text: votes

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: one

text: election

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: participated

text: in

text: No

text: state

text: has

text: voted

text: for

text: a

text: Democratic

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: fewer

text: times

text: Alaska

text: was

text: carried

text: by

text: Democratic

text: nominee

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: during

text: his

text: landslide

text: election

text: in

text: while

text: the

text: and

text: elections

text: were

text: close

text: Since

text: however

text: Republicans

text: have

text: carried

text: the

text: state

text: by

text: large

text: margins

text: In

text: Republican

text: John

text: McCain

text: defeated

text: Democrat

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: in

text: Alaska

text: to

text: McCain

text: 's

text: running

text: mate

text: was

text: Sarah

text: Palin

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: governor

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: Alaskan

text: on

text: a

text: major

text: party

text: ticket

text: Obama

text: lost

text: Alaska

text: again

text: in

text: but

text: he

text: captured

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: vote

text: in

text: that

text: election

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: first

text: Democrat

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: since

question: Which political party does Alaska generally support?

answer: Republicans

text: Republicans

question: How many elections have Democrats won in Alaska?

answer: one

text: one

question: Which candidate was the only Democrat to win Alaska in a landslide election in 1964?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: Which Democratic candidate was the first to win 40% of the vote in Alaska since 1964?

answer: Barack Obama

text: Barack Obama

question: Which political party does Alaska generally not support?

text: Republicans

question: Which political party doesn't Alaska generally support?

text: Republicans

question: How many elections have Democrats lost in Alaska?

text: one

question: Which candidate was the only Democrat to win Alaska in a landslide election in 1946?

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: Which Democratic candidate was the first to win 40% of the vote in Alaska since 1946?

text: Barack Obama


text: In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were derived from volcanic island arcs, while the low-grade metamorphic rocks represent deep-sea sediments eroded from the neighboring island frogs and deposited in a forearc basin. In short, greenstone belts represent sutured protocontinents.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: Proterozoic

text: Archean

text: rocks

text: are

text: often

text: heavily

text: metamorphized

text: deep

text: water

text: sediments

text: such

text: as

text: graywackes

text: mudstones

text: volcanic

text: sediments

text: and

text: banded

text: iron

text: formations

text: Greenstone

text: belts

text: are

text: typical

text: Archean

text: formations

text: consisting

text: of

text: alternating

text: high-

text: and

text: low

text: grade

text: metamorphic

text: rocks

text: The

text: high

text: grade

text: rocks

text: were

text: derived

text: from

text: volcanic

text: island

text: arcs

text: while

text: the

text: low

text: grade

text: metamorphic

text: rocks

text: represent

text: deep

text: sea

text: sediments

text: eroded

text: from

text: the

text: neighboring

text: island

text: frogs

text: and

text: deposited

text: in

text: a

text: forearc

text: basin

text: In

text: short

text: greenstone

text: belts

text: represent

text: sutured

text: protocontinents

question: What are Archean rocks composed of, in general?

answer: metamorphized deep-water sediments

text: metamorphized deep-water sediments

question: What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks?

answer: Greenstone

text: Greenstone

question: From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?

answer: volcanic island arcs

text: volcanic island arcs

question: Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally?

answer: deep-sea sediments

text: deep-sea sediments

question: What is a greenstone belt?

answer: sutured protocontinents

text: sutured protocontinents

question: What kind od sediments where Proterozoic rocks made from?

text: deep-water sediments

question: What kind od belts often formed during the Proterozoic period?

text: Greenstone belts

question: What single type of rock formed Greenstone belts?

text: low-grade metamorphic rocks

question: What kind of volcanic rock formed low-density metamorphic rock?

text: volcanic island arcs

question: What kind of sediment formed high-density metamorphic rock?

text: deep-sea sediments


text: The word asphalt is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch", which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Note that in French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring bitumen-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads. It is a significant fact that the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall. From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt").

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: The

text: word

text: asphalt

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: Middle

text: English

text: in

text: turn

text: from

text: French

text: asphalte

text: based

text: on

text: Late

text: Latin

text: asphalton

text: asphaltum

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: latinisation

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: ἄσφαλτος

text: ásphaltos

text: ásphalton

text: a

text: word

text: meaning

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: pitch

text: which

text: perhaps

text: derives

text: from

text: ἀ-

text: without

text: and

text: σφάλλω

text: sfallō

text: make

text: fall

text: Note

text: that

text: in

text: French

text: the

text: term

text: asphalte

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: bitumen

text: soaked

text: limestone

text: deposits

text: and

text: for

text: specialised

text: manufactured

text: products

text: with

text: fewer

text: voids

text: or

text: greater

text: bitumen

text: content

text: than

text: the

text: asphaltic

text: concrete

text: used

text: to

text: pave

text: roads

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: significant

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: use

text: of

text: asphalt

text: by

text: the

text: ancients

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: a

text: cement

text: for

text: securing

text: or

text: joining

text: together

text: various

text: objects

text: and

text: it

text: thus

text: seems

text: likely

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: itself

text: was

text: expressive

text: of

text: this

text: application

text: Specifically

text: Herodotus

text: mentioned

text: that

text: bitumen

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: Babylon

text: to

text: build

text: its

text: gigantic

text: fortification

text: wall

text: From

text: the

text: Greek

text: the

text: word

text: passed

text: into

text: late

text: Latin

text: and

text: thence

text: into

text: French

text: asphalte

text: and

text: English

text: asphaltum

text: and

text: asphalt

question: What is the last origination of the word asphalt?

answer: late Middle English

text: late Middle English

question: From what language does asphalt initially come?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What are the meanings of the Greek word for asphalt?

answer: asphalt/bitumen/pitch

text: asphalt/bitumen/pitch

question: What is the French term for natural asphalt?

answer: asphalte

text: asphalte

question: To construct what feature was asphalt brought to Babylon?

answer: wall

text: wall

question: From where is the word limestone derived?

text: late Middle English

question: In Greek, what is the term asphalte used for?

question: According to who was bitumen brought to Greece to build a giant wall?

text: Herodotus

question: In what language is asphalte used for synthetically occurring bitumen soaked limestones?

text: French


text: Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Passos

text: Coelho

text: also

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: retirement

text: age

text: will

text: be

text: increased

text: from

text: to

text: announced

text: cuts

text: in

text: the

text: pensions

text: unemployment

text: benefits

text: health

text: education

text: and

text: science

text: expenses

text: abolished

text: the

text: English

text: obligatory

text: classes

text: in

text: Basic

text: Education

text: but

text: kept

text: the

text: pensions

text: of

text: the

text: judges

text: diplomats

text: untouched

text: and

text: did

text: n't

text: raise

text: the

text: retirement

text: age

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: and

text: police

text: forces

text: He

text: has

text: however

text: cut

text: meaningfully

text: the

text: politicians

text: salaries

text: These

text: policies

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: social

text: unrest

text: and

text: to

text: confrontations

text: between

text: several

text: institutions

text: namely

text: between

text: the

text: Government

text: and

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: Several

text: individualities

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: parties

text: that

text: support

text: the

text: government

text: have

text: also

text: raised

text: their

text: voices

text: against

text: the

text: policies

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: taken

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: try

text: to

text: solve

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

question: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?

answer: 66

question: To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to?

answer: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses

text: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses

question: Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education?

answer: English

text: English

question: What did the instituting of these policies lead to?

answer: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions

text: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions


text: Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-HOW-ər; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Dwight

text: David

text: Ike

text: Eisenhower

text: /ˈaɪzənˌhaʊ.ər/

text: EYE

text: zən

text: HOW

text: ər

text: October

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: and

text: general

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: until

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: five

text: star

text: general

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Allied

text: Forces

text: in

text: Europe

text: He

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: planning

text: and

text: supervising

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: in

text: Operation

text: Torch

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: successful

text: invasion

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Germany

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: Western

text: Front

text: In

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: of

text: NATO

question: What was Eisenhower's nickname?

answer: Ike

text: Ike

question: What was the middle name of Dwight Eisenhower?

answer: David

text: David

question: In what year did Eisenhower's presidency begin?

answer: 1953

question: During the Second World War, what was the highest position (not rank) Eisenhower achieved?

answer: Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe

text: Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe

question: What was the name of the North African invasion Eisenhower oversaw?

answer: Operation Torch

text: Operation Torch


text: These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was consumed for this purpose in 1991. The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: These

text: products

text: include

text: glued

text: laminated

text: timber

text: glulam

text: wood

text: structural

text: panels

text: including

text: plywood

text: oriented

text: strand

text: board

text: and

text: composite

text: panels

text: laminated

text: veneer

text: lumber

text: LVL

text: and

text: other

text: structural

text: composite

text: lumber

text: SCL

text: products

text: parallel

text: strand

text: lumber

text: and

text: I

text: joists

text: Approximately

text: million

text: cubic

text: meters

text: of

text: wood

text: was

text: consumed

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: in

text: The

text: trends

text: suggest

text: that

text: particle

text: board

text: and

text: fiber

text: board

text: will

text: overtake

text: plywood

question: What category do composite panels, strand board, and plywood all fit into?

answer: wood structural panels

text: wood structural panels

question: What's another word for glued laminated timber?

answer: glulam

text: glulam

question: What does LVL stand for?

answer: laminated veneer lumber

text: laminated veneer lumber

question: If current building trends continue, what material will be replaced by particle and fiber board?

answer: plywood

text: plywood

question: About how many cubic meters of wood was used in 1991 to make products like glulam, LVL, and structural composite lumber?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million


text: In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor. This rheostat (see picture) was enclosed within a cylindrical container about the size and shape of a cake. This was mounted upright or sideways on the cab wall and operated via a projecting handle, which was able to slide around the top half of the cylinder.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: almost

text: all

text: elevators

text: had

text: no

text: automatic

text: positioning

text: of

text: the

text: floor

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: cab

text: would

text: stop

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: older

text: freight

text: elevators

text: were

text: controlled

text: by

text: switches

text: operated

text: by

text: pulling

text: on

text: adjacent

text: ropes

text: In

text: general

text: most

text: elevators

text: before

text: WWII

text: were

text: manually

text: controlled

text: by

text: elevator

text: operators

text: using

text: a

text: rheostat

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: motor

text: This

text: rheostat

text: see

text: picture

text: was

text: enclosed

text: within

text: a

text: cylindrical

text: container

text: about

text: the

text: size

text: and

text: shape

text: of

text: a

text: cake

text: This

text: was

text: mounted

text: upright

text: or

text: sideways

text: on

text: the

text: cab

text: wall

text: and

text: operated

text: via

text: a

text: projecting

text: handle

text: which

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: slide

text: around

text: the

text: top

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: cylinder

question: Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what?

answer: automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop

text: automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop

question: Many earlier built  freight elevators were controlled by what?

answer: switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes

text: switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes

question: How were most elevators built before 1939 powered?

answer: by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor

text: by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor

question: A rheostat is the size and shape of what?

answer: a cake

text: a cake

question: Where was the rheostat mounted?

answer: upright or sideways on the cab wall

text: upright or sideways on the cab wall


text: To accommodate the ruling in Hopwood v. Texas banning any use of race in school admissions, the State of Texas passed a law guaranteeing entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class. Florida and California have also replaced racial quotas with class rank and other criteria. Class rank tends to benefit top students at less competitive high schools, to the detriment of students at more competitive high schools. This effect, however, may be intentional since less-funded, less competitive schools are more likely to be schools where minority enrollment is high. Critics argue that class rank is more a measure of one's peers than of one's self. The top 10% rule adds racial diversity only because schools are still highly racially segregated because of residential patterns. The class rank rule has the same consequence as traditional affirmative action: opening schools to students who would otherwise not be admitted had the given school used a holistic, merit-based approach. From 1996 to 1998, Texas had merit-based admission to its state universities, and minority enrollment dropped. The state's adoption of the "top 10 percent" rule returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: To

text: accommodate

text: the

text: ruling

text: in

text: Hopwood

text: v.

text: Texas

text: banning

text: any

text: use

text: of

text: race

text: in

text: school

text: admissions

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Texas

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: guaranteeing

text: entry

text: to

text: any

text: state

text: university

text: if

text: a

text: student

text: finished

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: their

text: graduating

text: class

text: Florida

text: and

text: California

text: have

text: also

text: replaced

text: racial

text: quotas

text: with

text: class

text: rank

text: and

text: other

text: criteria

text: Class

text: rank

text: tends

text: to

text: benefit

text: top

text: students

text: at

text: less

text: competitive

text: high

text: schools

text: to

text: the

text: detriment

text: of

text: students

text: at

text: more

text: competitive

text: high

text: schools

text: This

text: effect

text: however

text: may

text: be

text: intentional

text: since

text: less

text: funded

text: less

text: competitive

text: schools

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: schools

text: where

text: minority

text: enrollment

text: is

text: high

text: Critics

text: argue

text: that

text: class

text: rank

text: is

text: more

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: peers

text: than

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: self

text: The

text: top

text: rule

text: adds

text: racial

text: diversity

text: only

text: because

text: schools

text: are

text: still

text: highly

text: racially

text: segregated

text: because

text: of

text: residential

text: patterns

text: The

text: class

text: rank

text: rule

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: consequence

text: as

text: traditional

text: affirmative

text: action

text: opening

text: schools

text: to

text: students

text: who

text: would

text: otherwise

text: not

text: be

text: admitted

text: had

text: the

text: given

text: school

text: used

text: a

text: holistic

text: merit

text: based

text: approach

text: From

text: to

text: Texas

text: had

text: merit

text: based

text: admission

text: to

text: its

text: state

text: universities

text: and

text: minority

text: enrollment

text: dropped

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: percent

text: rule

text: returned

text: minority

text: enrollment

text: to

text: levels

question: What did the ruling in Hopwood v Texas set a precedent for in terms of admission policies?

answer: banning any use of race in school admissions

text: banning any use of race in school admissions

question: What did the law passed by the State of Texas guarantee?

answer: entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class

text: entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class

question: Other than Texas and Florida, which other state replaced racial quotas?

answer: California

text: California

question: What is one example of what racial quotas were replaced with?

answer: class rank

text: class rank

question: After the state passed the top 10% rule, what happened to minority enrollment?

answer: returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels

text: returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels

question: What didn't the ruling in Hopwood v Texas set a precedent for in terms of admission policies?

question: What did the law passed by the State of Texas not guarantee?

question: Other than Texas and Florida, which other state did not replace racial quotas?

text: California

question: What is one example of what racial quotas were not replaced with?

text: class rank


text: Oklahoma City is home to the state's largest school district, Oklahoma City Public Schools. The district's Classen School of Advanced Studies and Harding Charter Preparatory High School rank high among public schools nationally according to a formula that looks at the number of Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate and/or Cambridge tests taken by the school's students divided by the number of graduating seniors. In addition, OKCPS's Belle Isle Enterprise Middle School was named the top middle school in the state according to the Academic Performance Index, and recently received the Blue Ribbon School Award, in 2004 and again in 2011. KIPP Reach College Preparatory School in Oklahoma City received the 2012 National Blue Ribbon along with its school leader, Tracy McDaniel Sr., being awarded the Terrel H. Bell Award for Outstanding Leadership.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: largest

text: school

text: district

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Public

text: Schools

text: The

text: district

text: 's

text: Classen

text: School

text: of

text: Advanced

text: Studies

text: and

text: Harding

text: Charter

text: Preparatory

text: High

text: School

text: rank

text: high

text: among

text: public

text: schools

text: nationally

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: formula

text: that

text: looks

text: at

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Advanced

text: Placement

text: International

text: Baccalaureate

text: and/or

text: Cambridge

text: tests

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: students

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: graduating

text: seniors

text: In

text: addition

text: OKCPS

text: 's

text: Belle

text: Isle

text: Enterprise

text: Middle

text: School

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: top

text: middle

text: school

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Academic

text: Performance

text: Index

text: and

text: recently

text: received

text: the

text: Blue

text: Ribbon

text: School

text: Award

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: KIPP

text: Reach

text: College

text: Preparatory

text: School

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: received

text: the

text: National

text: Blue

text: Ribbon

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: school

text: leader

text: Tracy

text: McDaniel

text: Sr

text: being

text: awarded

text: the

text: Terrel

text: H.

text: Bell

text: Award

text: for

text: Outstanding

text: Leadership

question: What is Oklahoma's largest school district?

answer: Oklahoma City Public Schools

text: Oklahoma City Public Schools

question: What year did KIPP Reach College Preparatory School win the National Blue Ribbon Award?

answer: 2012


text: Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls, professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe, and is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry. While it has greatly declined in Europe, in North America it has experienced several different periods of prominent cultural popularity during its century and a half of existence. The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet, and wrestling (along with boxing) was instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Originating

text: as

text: a

text: popular

text: form

text: of

text: entertainment

text: in

text: century

text: Europe

text: and

text: later

text: as

text: a

text: sideshow

text: exhibition

text: in

text: North

text: American

text: traveling

text: carnivals

text: and

text: vaudeville

text: halls

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: grew

text: into

text: a

text: standalone

text: genre

text: of

text: entertainment

text: with

text: many

text: diverse

text: variations

text: in

text: cultures

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: considered

text: a

text: multimillion

text: dollar

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: While

text: it

text: has

text: greatly

text: declined

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: it

text: has

text: experienced

text: several

text: different

text: periods

text: of

text: prominent

text: cultural

text: popularity

text: during

text: its

text: century

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: of

text: existence

text: The

text: advent

text: of

text: television

text: gave

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: a

text: new

text: outlet

text: and

text: wrestling

text: along

text: with

text: boxing

text: was

text: instrumental

text: in

text: making

text: pay

text: per

text: view

text: a

text: viable

text: method

text: of

text: content

text: delivery

question: What part of the world has wrestling become less popular in?

answer: it has greatly declined in Europe

text: it has greatly declined in Europe

question: Where did wrestling originally come from?

answer: Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe

text: Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe

question: Where was wrestling later showcased in North America?

answer: later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls

text: later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls

question: What is wrestling now thought to be?

answer: is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry

text: is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry

question: What did television do for wrestling?

answer: The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet

text: The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet


text: The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: term

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: two

text: meanings

text: the

text: broader

text: meaning

text: includes

text: all

text: Western

text: art

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: Medieval

text: era

text: to

text: today

text: and

text: the

text: specific

text: meaning

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: Mozart

text: and

text: Haydn

text: This

text: section

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: more

text: specific

text: meaning

question: From the 1750's to the early 1830's is the era of Mozart and what other composer?

answer: Haydn

text: Haydn

question: Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?

answer: the early 1830s

text: the early 1830s

question: The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era?

answer: the Medieval era

text: the Medieval era


text: On February 14, 2009, The Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In this live production, co-produced by 19 Entertainment, park guests chose from a list of songs and auditioned privately for Disney cast members. Those selected then performed on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real Idol judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a "finals" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a "Dream Ticket" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future American Idol audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: On

text: February

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: debuted

text: The

text: American

text: Idol

text: Experience

text: at

text: its

text: Disney

text: 's

text: Hollywood

text: Studios

text: theme

text: park

text: at

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: World

text: Resort

text: in

text: Florida

text: In

text: this

text: live

text: production

text: co

text: produced

text: by

text: Entertainment

text: park

text: guests

text: chose

text: from

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: songs

text: and

text: auditioned

text: privately

text: for

text: Disney

text: cast

text: members

text: Those

text: selected

text: then

text: performed

text: on

text: a

text: stage

text: in

text: a

text: theater

text: replicating

text: the

text: Idol

text: set

text: Three

text: judges

text: whose

text: mannerisms

text: and

text: style

text: mimicked

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: real

text: Idol

text: judges

text: critiqued

text: the

text: performances

text: Audience

text: members

text: then

text: voted

text: for

text: their

text: favorite

text: performer

text: There

text: were

text: several

text: preliminary

text: round

text: shows

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: that

text: culminated

text: in

text: a

text: finals

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: evening

text: where

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: winners

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: rounds

text: that

text: day

text: was

text: selected

text: as

text: the

text: overall

text: winner

text: The

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: finals

text: show

text: received

text: a

text: Dream

text: Ticket

text: that

text: granted

text: them

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: privileges

text: at

text: any

text: future

text: American

text: Idol

text: audition

text: The

text: attraction

text: closed

text: on

text: August

question: What company has a them park attraction known as The American Idol Experience?

answer: The Walt Disney Company

text: The Walt Disney Company

question: In what year did The Walt Disney Company open The American Idol Experience?

answer: 2009

question: In what year did The Walt Disney Company close The American Idol Experience?

answer: 2014

question: What company had a partnership with The Walt Disney Company for The American Idol Experience?

answer: 19 Entertainment

text: 19 Entertainment

question: When did the American Idol Experience open?

answer: February 14, 2009

text: February 14, 2009

question: Where did it open?

answer: Walt Disney World

text: Walt Disney World

question: What did the winner win?

answer: Dream Ticket

text: Dream Ticket

question: When did the Experience close?

answer: August 30, 2014

text: August 30, 2014


text: To differentiate Nintendo's new home platform from the early 1980s' common perception of a troubled and shallow video game market, the company freshened its product nomenclature and positioning, and it established a strict product approval and licensing policy. The overall system was referred to as an "Entertainment System" instead of a "video game system", which was centered upon a machine called a "Control Deck" instead of a "console", and which featured software cartridges called "Game Paks" instead of "video games". The 10NES lockout chip system acted as a lock-and-key coupling of each Game Pak and Control Deck, deterring the copying or production of NES games which had not first achieved Nintendo's licensed approval. The packaging of the launch lineup of NES games bore pictures of a very close representation of the actual onscreen graphics of the game, which were of sufficiently recognizable quality on their own. Symbols on the launch games' packaging clearly indicated the genre of the game, in order to reduce consumer confusion. A 'seal of quality' was printed on all appropriately licensed game and accessory packaging. The initial seal stated, "This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product". This text was later changed to "Official Nintendo Seal of Quality".

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: To

text: differentiate

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: new

text: home

text: platform

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: common

text: perception

text: of

text: a

text: troubled

text: and

text: shallow

text: video

text: game

text: market

text: the

text: company

text: freshened

text: its

text: product

text: nomenclature

text: and

text: positioning

text: and

text: it

text: established

text: a

text: strict

text: product

text: approval

text: and

text: licensing

text: policy

text: The

text: overall

text: system

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: video

text: game

text: system

text: which

text: was

text: centered

text: upon

text: a

text: machine

text: called

text: a

text: Control

text: Deck

text: instead

text: of

text: a

text: console

text: and

text: which

text: featured

text: software

text: cartridges

text: called

text: Game

text: Paks

text: instead

text: of

text: video

text: games

text: The

text: lockout

text: chip

text: system

text: acted

text: as

text: a

text: lock

text: and

text: key

text: coupling

text: of

text: each

text: Game

text: Pak

text: and

text: Control

text: Deck

text: deterring

text: the

text: copying

text: or

text: production

text: of

text: NES

text: games

text: which

text: had

text: not

text: first

text: achieved

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: licensed

text: approval

text: The

text: packaging

text: of

text: the

text: launch

text: lineup

text: of

text: NES

text: games

text: bore

text: pictures

text: of

text: a

text: very

text: close

text: representation

text: of

text: the

text: actual

text: onscreen

text: graphics

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: which

text: were

text: of

text: sufficiently

text: recognizable

text: quality

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: Symbols

text: on

text: the

text: launch

text: games

text: packaging

text: clearly

text: indicated

text: the

text: genre

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: reduce

text: consumer

text: confusion

text: A

text: seal

text: of

text: quality

text: was

text: printed

text: on

text: all

text: appropriately

text: licensed

text: game

text: and

text: accessory

text: packaging

text: The

text: initial

text: seal

text: stated

text: This

text: seal

text: is

text: your

text: assurance

text: that

text: Nintendo

text: has

text: approved

text: and

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: this

text: product

text: This

text: text

text: was

text: later

text: changed

text: to

text: Official

text: Nintendo

text: Seal

text: of

text: Quality

question: What was Nintendo's euphemism for "video game system?"

answer: Entertainment System

text: Entertainment System

question: What did Nintendo use instead of the word console?

answer: Control Deck

text: Control Deck

question: What was the term used by Nintendo instead of "video games?"

answer: Game Pak

text: Game Pak

question: What was printed on all licensed games and accessories by Nintendo?

answer: seal of quality

text: seal of quality

question: The seal of quality took on what eventual name?

answer: Official Nintendo Seal of Quality

text: Official Nintendo Seal of Quality

question: What was Nintendo's non-euphemism for "video game system?"

text: Entertainment System

question: What didn't Nintendo use instead of the word console?

text: Control Deck

question: What was the term used by Nintendo instead of "games?"

text: Game Paks

question: What was printed on all unlicensed games and accessories by Nintendo?

text: Seal of Quality

question: The seal of quality didn't take on what eventual name?

text: Official Nintendo Seal of Quality


text: After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state. He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist. In turn, Chairman Hua Guofeng visited Yugoslavia in 1979. In 1978, Tito traveled to the U.S. During the visit strict security was imposed in Washington, D.C. owing to protests by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: After

text: the

text: constitutional

text: changes

text: of

text: Tito

text: began

text: reducing

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: running

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: He

text: continued

text: to

text: travel

text: abroad

text: and

text: receive

text: foreign

text: visitors

text: going

text: to

text: Beijing

text: in

text: and

text: reconciling

text: with

text: a

text: Chinese

text: leadership

text: that

text: had

text: once

text: branded

text: him

text: a

text: revisionist

text: In

text: turn

text: Chairman

text: Hua

text: Guofeng

text: visited

text: Yugoslavia

text: in

text: In

text: Tito

text: traveled

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: During

text: the

text: visit

text: strict

text: security

text: was

text: imposed

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: owing

text: to

text: protests

text: by

text: anti

text: communist

text: Croat

text: Serb

text: and

text: Albanian

text: groups

question: Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership?

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

question: In what year did Tito travel to China to reconcile with Chinese leadership?

answer: 1977

question: What Chinese leader traveled to Yugoslavia in 1979?

answer: Chairman Hua Guofeng

text: Chairman Hua Guofeng

question: After the constitutional changes made in what year did Tito reduce his role in the day-to-day running of the state.

answer: 1974

question: In what year did Tito travel to the U.S. to visit Washington D.C., amist protest by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups?

answer: 1978


text: Drug discovery and development is very expensive; of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction are eventually approved in most nations by government appointed medical institutions or boards, who have to approve new drugs before they can be marketed in those countries. In 2010 18 NMEs (New Molecular Entities) were approved and three biologics by the FDA, or 21 in total, which is down from 26 in 2009 and 24 in 2008. On the other hand, there were only 18 approvals in total in 2007 and 22 back in 2006. Since 2001, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research has averaged 22.9 approvals a year. This approval comes only after heavy investment in pre-clinical development and clinical trials, as well as a commitment to ongoing safety monitoring. Drugs which fail part-way through this process often incur large costs, while generating no revenue in return. If the cost of these failed drugs is taken into account, the cost of developing a successful new drug (new chemical entity, or NCE), has been estimated at about 1.3 billion USD(not including marketing expenses). Professors Light and Lexchin reported in 2012, however, that the rate of approval for new drugs has been a relatively stable average rate of 15 to 25 for decades.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: Drug

text: discovery

text: and

text: development

text: is

text: very

text: expensive

text: of

text: all

text: compounds

text: investigated

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: humans

text: only

text: a

text: small

text: fraction

text: are

text: eventually

text: approved

text: in

text: most

text: nations

text: by

text: government

text: appointed

text: medical

text: institutions

text: or

text: boards

text: who

text: have

text: to

text: approve

text: new

text: drugs

text: before

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: marketed

text: in

text: those

text: countries

text: In

text: NMEs

text: New

text: Molecular

text: Entities

text: were

text: approved

text: and

text: three

text: biologics

text: by

text: the

text: FDA

text: or

text: in

text: total

text: which

text: is

text: down

text: from

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: approvals

text: in

text: total

text: in

text: and

text: back

text: in

text: Since

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Drug

text: Evaluation

text: and

text: Research

text: has

text: averaged

text: approvals

text: a

text: year

text: This

text: approval

text: comes

text: only

text: after

text: heavy

text: investment

text: in

text: pre

text: clinical

text: development

text: and

text: clinical

text: trials

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: commitment

text: to

text: ongoing

text: safety

text: monitoring

text: Drugs

text: which

text: fail

text: part

text: way

text: through

text: this

text: process

text: often

text: incur

text: large

text: costs

text: while

text: generating

text: no

text: revenue

text: in

text: return

text: If

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: these

text: failed

text: drugs

text: is

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: developing

text: a

text: successful

text: new

text: drug

text: new

text: chemical

text: entity

text: or

text: NCE

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: at

text: about

text: billion

text: USD(not

text: including

text: marketing

text: expenses

text: Professors

text: Light

text: and

text: Lexchin

text: reported

text: in

text: however

text: that

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: approval

text: for

text: new

text: drugs

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: relatively

text: stable

text: average

text: rate

text: of

text: to

text: for

text: decades

question: How much does it cost to develop a new drug?

answer: about 1.3 billion

text: about 1.3 billion

question: How many approvals of new drugs happen every year?

answer: averaged 22.9 approvals

text: averaged 22.9 approvals

question: Who is responsible for approval or rejection of new drugs?

answer: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

text: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

question: How many drugs were approved in 2007?

answer: 18 approvals

text: 18 approvals

question: Who reported the stable average rate in 2012?

answer: Professors Light and Lexchin

text: Professors Light and Lexchin

question: What does NMEs stand for?

answer: New Molecular Entities

text: New Molecular Entities

question: How many pharmaceutical drugs were approved on average since 2001?

answer: 22.9

question: What is the approximate cost of developing a new drug, including the costs of failure?

answer: 1.3 billion USD

text: 1.3 billion USD

question: What has been the stable approval rate of new drugs?

answer: 15 to 25

text: 15 to 25

question: How much does it cost to develop approvals?

text: about 1.3 billion

question: How many approvals of new centers happen every year?

text: averaged 22.9 approvals

question: Who is responsible for approval or rejection of centers?

text: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

question: How many drugs were approved in 2012?

question: Who reported the stable average rate in 2007?

text: Professors Light and Lexchin