text: According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: According

text: to

text: archaeologists

text: and

text: anthropologists

text: the

text: earliest

text: clothing

text: likely

text: consisted

text: of

text: fur

text: leather

text: leaves

text: or

text: grass

text: that

text: were

text: draped

text: wrapped

text: or

text: tied

text: around

text: the

text: body

text: Knowledge

text: of

text: such

text: clothing

text: remains

text: inferential

text: since

text: clothing

text: materials

text: deteriorate

text: quickly

text: compared

text: to

text: stone

text: bone

text: shell

text: and

text: metal

text: artifacts

text: Archeologists

text: have

text: identified

text: very

text: early

text: sewing

text: needles

text: of

text: bone

text: and

text: ivory

text: from

text: about

text: BC

text: found

text: near

text: Kostenki

text: Russia

text: in

text: Dyed

text: flax

text: fibers

text: that

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: clothing

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: a

text: prehistoric

text: cave

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Georgia

text: that

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: BP

question: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?

answer: tied around

text: tied around

question: What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?

answer: deteriorate

text: deteriorate

question: Who has identified needles from about 30,000 B.C.?

answer: Archeologists

text: Archeologists

question: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?

answer: a prehistoric cave

text: a prehistoric cave

question: What dates back to 36,000 BP?

answer: Dyed flax fibers

text: Dyed flax fibers

question: The earliest clothing was pinned to what?

text: body.

question: Clothing material deteriorates slowly compared to what?

text: stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts

question: Where have we not yet found flax fibers

text: prehistoric cave

question: Archaeologists have found early metal needles from when?

text: 30,000 BC,


text: The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks. The Roman abacus was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC. Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval European counting house, a checkered cloth would be placed on a table, and markers moved around on it according to certain rules, as an aid to calculating sums of money.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: The

text: abacus

text: was

text: initially

text: used

text: for

text: arithmetic

text: tasks

text: The

text: Roman

text: abacus

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: Babylonia

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: BC

text: Since

text: then

text: many

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: reckoning

text: boards

text: or

text: tables

text: have

text: been

text: invented

text: In

text: a

text: medieval

text: European

text: counting

text: house

text: a

text: checkered

text: cloth

text: would

text: be

text: placed

text: on

text: a

text: table

text: and

text: markers

text: moved

text: around

text: on

text: it

text: according

text: to

text: certain

text: rules

text: as

text: an

text: aid

text: to

text: calculating

text: sums

text: of

text: money

question: What was the abacus first used for?

answer: arithmetic tasks

text: arithmetic tasks

question: When was the Roman abacus first used?

answer: 2400 BC

text: 2400 BC

question: Where was the Roman abacus first used?

answer: Babylonia

text: Babylonia

question: In medieval Europe was was placed on a table to help count money?

answer: a checkered cloth

text: a checkered cloth

question: A checkered cloth on a table was used in medieval Europe to help count what?

answer: sums of money

text: sums of money


text: Although the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg while those historically most strongly opposed have been the United Kingdom, Denmark and France (with conservative presidents and governments). Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995), the French authorities have adopted a much more pro-European Unification position, as they consider that a strong EU is presenting the best "insurance" against a unified Germany which might become too strong and thus a threat for its neighbours.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Although

text: the

text: drafts

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Maastricht

text: treaty

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: establishing

text: a

text: Constitution

text: for

text: Europe

text: mentioned

text: federalism

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: countries

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: would

text: have

text: had

text: to

text: agree

text: to

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: never

text: formally

text: adopted

text: it

text: The

text: strongest

text: advocates

text: of

text: European

text: federalism

text: have

text: been

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Luxembourg

text: while

text: those

text: historically

text: most

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Denmark

text: and

text: France

text: with

text: conservative

text: presidents

text: and

text: governments

text: Since

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: François

text: Mitterrand

text: the

text: French

text: authorities

text: have

text: adopted

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: pro

text: European

text: Unification

text: position

text: as

text: they

text: consider

text: that

text: a

text: strong

text: EU

text: is

text: presenting

text: the

text: best

text: insurance

text: against

text: a

text: unified

text: Germany

text: which

text: might

text: become

text: too

text: strong

text: and

text: thus

text: a

text: threat

text: for

text: its

text: neighbours

question: Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism?

answer: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg

text: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg

question: Who opposed the European Federalism?

answer: United Kingdom, Denmark and France

text: United Kingdom, Denmark and France

question: When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position?

answer: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995

text: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995

question: Who is the strongest opponent of the European Federalism?

text: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg

question: Who supported the European Federalism?

text: United Kingdom, Denmark and France

question: When did the English authorities adopt the pro-European Unification position?

question: When did the French authorities reject the pro-European Unification position?

question: When didn't the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position?


text: The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: third

text: largest

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Central

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: located

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Edmond

text: Oklahoma

text: Christian

text: University

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: private

text: liberal

text: arts

text: institutions

text: is

text: located

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Edmond

text: border

text: inside

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: limits

question: Which university is the third-largest in the state?

answer: University of Central Oklahoma

text: University of Central Oklahoma

question: Which private university is located near the Edmond border?

answer: Oklahoma Christian University

text: Oklahoma Christian University


text: State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: State

text: banquets

text: also

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Ballroom

text: these

text: formal

text: dinners

text: are

text: held

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: evening

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: visit

text: by

text: a

text: foreign

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: On

text: these

text: occasions

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: guests

text: in

text: formal

text: white

text: tie

text: and

text: decorations

text: including

text: tiaras

text: the

text: dining

text: table

text: is

text: laid

text: with

text: the

text: Grand

text: Service

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: silver

text: gilt

text: plate

text: made

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: later

text: George

text: IV

text: The

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: formal

text: reception

text: at

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: takes

text: place

text: every

text: November

text: when

text: the

text: Queen

text: entertains

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: diplomatic

text: corps

text: On

text: this

text: grand

text: occasion

text: all

text: the

text: state

text: rooms

text: are

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: proceed

text: through

text: them

text: beginning

text: at

text: the

text: great

text: north

text: doors

text: of

text: the

text: Picture

text: Gallery

text: As

text: Nash

text: had

text: envisaged

text: all

text: the

text: large

text: double

text: mirrored

text: doors

text: stand

text: open

text: reflecting

text: the

text: numerous

text: crystal

text: chandeliers

text: and

text: sconces

text: creating

text: a

text: deliberate

text: optical

text: illusion

text: of

text: space

text: and

text: light

question: Where do State Banquets take place?

answer: the Ballroom

text: the Ballroom

question: In what month does the Queen entertain the diplomatic corps?

answer: November

text: November

question: What is used to set the dining table for formal dinners?

answer: the Grand Service

text: the Grand Service

question: When was the Grand Service made?

answer: 1811

question: For whom was the Grand Service made?

answer: the Prince of Wales

text: the Prince of Wales

question: Where do state banquets take place?

answer: in the Ballroom

text: in the Ballroom

question: When are state banquets held?

answer: the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state

text: the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state

question: What is the dining table laid with for state banquets?

answer: the Grand Service

text: the Grand Service

question: Who was the Grand Service originally made for?

answer: Prince of Wales

text: Prince of Wales

question: Where are State Banquets forbidden?

text: the Ballroom

question: What month does the Queen promote the diplomatic corps?

text: November

question: What is used to set the dining table for casual dinners?

text: the Grand Service

question: When was the Grand Service removed?

question: When are state banquets avoided?


text: Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: endowed

text: with

text: rich

text: natural

text: resources

text: which

text: include

text: more

text: than

text: kinds

text: of

text: minerals

text: Among

text: them

text: iron

text: and

text: sulfur

text: reserves

text: make

text: up

text: percent

text: of

text: those

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: province

text: Its

text: reserves

text: of

text: strontium

text: rank

text: first

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: Asia

text: region

text: Nanjing

text: also

text: possesses

text: abundant

text: water

text: resources

text: both

text: from

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: and

text: groundwater

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: has

text: several

text: natural

text: hot

text: springs

text: such

text: as

text: Tangshan

text: Hot

text: Spring

text: in

text: Jiangning

text: and

text: Tangquan

text: Hot

text: Spring

text: in

text: Pukou

question: How many types of minerals are found in Nanjing?

answer: 40

question: Which minerals comprise 40 percent of those in the province?

answer: iron and sulfur

text: iron and sulfur

question: For what mineral reserve does Nanjing rank first in both East Asia and the South East Asia areas?

answer: strontium

text: strontium

question: What are Nanjing's main water sources?

answer: the Yangtze River and groundwater

text: the Yangtze River and groundwater

question: What hot spring is in Jiangning?

answer: Tangshan Hot Spring

text: Tangshan Hot Spring


text: In May 2008, Dell reached an agreement with office supply chain, Officeworks (part of Coles Group), to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range. These models have slightly different model numbers, but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store. Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology (another part of Coles Group) in November of the same year. In addition, Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with discount electrical retailer, The Good Guys, known for "Slashing Prices". Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks, including Studio and XPS systems in late 2008. Dell and Dick Smith Electronics (owned by Woolworths Limited) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks — owned by Coles Group — reached a deal). The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of Inspiron and Studio notebooks, with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range. As of 2009[update], Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centres throughout Australia. On March 31, 2010 Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian/New Zealand Dell kiosk program.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: In

text: May

text: Dell

text: reached

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: office

text: supply

text: chain

text: Officeworks

text: part

text: of

text: Coles

text: Group

text: to

text: stock

text: a

text: few

text: modified

text: models

text: in

text: the

text: Inspiron

text: desktop

text: and

text: notebook

text: range

text: These

text: models

text: have

text: slightly

text: different

text: model

text: numbers

text: but

text: almost

text: replicate

text: the

text: ones

text: available

text: from

text: the

text: Dell

text: Store

text: Dell

text: continued

text: its

text: retail

text: push

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: market

text: with

text: its

text: partnership

text: with

text: Harris

text: Technology

text: another

text: part

text: of

text: Coles

text: Group

text: in

text: November

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: In

text: addition

text: Dell

text: expanded

text: its

text: retail

text: distributions

text: in

text: Australia

text: through

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: discount

text: electrical

text: retailer

text: The

text: Good

text: Guys

text: known

text: for

text: Slashing

text: Prices

text: Dell

text: agreed

text: to

text: distribute

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: makes

text: of

text: both

text: desktops

text: and

text: notebooks

text: including

text: Studio

text: and

text: XPS

text: systems

text: in

text: late

text: Dell

text: and

text: Dick

text: Smith

text: Electronics

text: owned

text: by

text: Woolworths

text: Limited

text: reached

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: expand

text: within

text: Dick

text: Smith

text: 's

text: stores

text: throughout

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: in

text: May

text: year

text: since

text: Officeworks

text: owned

text: by

text: Coles

text: Group

text: reached

text: a

text: deal

text: The

text: retailer

text: has

text: agreed

text: to

text: distribute

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: Inspiron

text: and

text: Studio

text: notebooks

text: with

text: minimal

text: Studio

text: desktops

text: from

text: the

text: Dell

text: range

text: As

text: of

text: Dell

text: continues

text: to

text: run

text: and

text: operate

text: its

text: various

text: kiosks

text: in

text: shopping

text: centres

text: throughout

text: Australia

text: On

text: March

text: Dell

text: announced

text: to

text: Australian

text: Kiosk

text: employees

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: shutting

text: down

text: the

text: Australian

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Dell

text: kiosk

text: program

question: What year did Dell make an agreement with Officeworks?

answer: 2008

question: What computer model did Dell ask Officeworks to carry?

answer: Inspiron

text: Inspiron

question: In which country did Dell partner with Harris Technology?

answer: Australian

text: Australian

question: What company did Dell team with in late 2008?

answer: Dick Smith Electronics

text: Dick Smith Electronics

question: What year did Dell's Australian program end up shutting down?

answer: 2010

question: What year did Dell make a disagreement with Officeworks?

question: What computer model didn't Dell ask Officeworks to carry?

text: Inspiron

question: In which country did Dell cut ties with Harris Technology?

text: Australian

question: What company did Dell team with in late 2009?

text: Dick Smith Electronics

question: What year didn't Dell's Australian program end up shutting down?


text: Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB. A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately (lack of compliance), or using low-quality medication. Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs. It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India. Bedaquiline is tentatively supported for use in multiple drug-resistant TB.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: Primary

text: resistance

text: occurs

text: when

text: a

text: person

text: becomes

text: infected

text: with

text: a

text: resistant

text: strain

text: of

text: TB

text: A

text: person

text: with

text: fully

text: susceptible

text: MTB

text: may

text: develop

text: secondary

text: acquired

text: resistance

text: during

text: therapy

text: because

text: of

text: inadequate

text: treatment

text: not

text: taking

text: the

text: prescribed

text: regimen

text: appropriately

text: lack

text: of

text: compliance

text: or

text: using

text: low

text: quality

text: medication

text: Drug

text: resistant

text: TB

text: is

text: a

text: serious

text: public

text: health

text: issue

text: in

text: many

text: developing

text: countries

text: as

text: its

text: treatment

text: is

text: longer

text: and

text: requires

text: more

text: expensive

text: drugs

text: MDR

text: TB

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: effective

text: first

text: line

text: TB

text: drugs

text: rifampicin

text: and

text: isoniazid

text: Extensively

text: drug

text: resistant

text: TB

text: is

text: also

text: resistant

text: to

text: three

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: classes

text: of

text: second

text: line

text: drugs

text: Totally

text: drug

text: resistant

text: TB

text: is

text: resistant

text: to

text: all

text: currently

text: used

text: drugs

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: observed

text: in

text: in

text: Italy

text: but

text: not

text: widely

text: reported

text: until

text: and

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Iran

text: and

text: India

text: Bedaquiline

text: is

text: tentatively

text: supported

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: multiple

text: drug

text: resistant

text: TB

question: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?

answer: MDR-TB

text: MDR-TB

question: What's the minimum number of second-line medication classes your TB would have to resist to make it count as "extensively drug-resistant"?

answer: three

text: three

question: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB?

answer: Bedaquiline

text: Bedaquiline

question: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India?

answer: Iran

text: Iran

question: Someone who is not susceptible to MTP develops what?

text: secondary (acquired) resistance

question: What is low-quality medication an example of a lack of?

text: compliance

question: What was first reported in Iran?

text: Totally drug-resistant TB

question: When was MDR-TB first observed?

question: Where was bedaquiline created?

text: Italy


text: As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man then directs his path to that One, and the love for, and of, Christ guides man's very nature to become centered on the One, and on his neighbor as well. Charity is the manifestation of the pure love of Christ, both for and by His follower.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: As

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: God

text: grows

text: within

text: man

text: he

text: learns

text: to

text: rely

text: less

text: on

text: an

text: intellectual

text: pursuit

text: of

text: virtue

text: and

text: more

text: on

text: an

text: affective

text: pursuit

text: of

text: charity

text: and

text: meekness

text: Meekness

text: and

text: charity

text: guide

text: Christians

text: to

text: acknowledge

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: nothing

text: without

text: the

text: One

text: God

text: Christ

text: who

text: created

text: them

text: sustains

text: them

text: and

text: guides

text: them

text: Thus

text: man

text: then

text: directs

text: his

text: path

text: to

text: that

text: One

text: and

text: the

text: love

text: for

text: and

text: of

text: Christ

text: guides

text: man

text: 's

text: very

text: nature

text: to

text: become

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: One

text: and

text: on

text: his

text: neighbor

text: as

text: well

text: Charity

text: is

text: the

text: manifestation

text: of

text: the

text: pure

text: love

text: of

text: Christ

text: both

text: for

text: and

text: by

text: His

text: follower

question: What virtue guides Christians in their understanding of God?

answer: Meekness

text: Meekness

question: According to Christianity, who is the "One"?

answer: God/Christ

text: God/Christ

question: What is Charity to a Christian?

answer: manifestation of the pure love of Christ

text: manifestation of the pure love of Christ

question: What should man's nature be centered on?

answer: the One

text: the One

question: What happened within a man as the image of God decreases?

question: What does not guide Christians to acknowledge that are are nothing without God?

text: Meekness and charity

question: Who do Christians not consider to the "One"?

text: God/Christ

question: Who did not create, sustain, or guide man?

text: God/Christ

question: What should man;s nature not be centered on?

text: the One


text: At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Conference

text: Africa

text: contained

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: population

text: living

text: in

text: one

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: land

text: area

text: However

text: from

text: Europe

text: 's

text: perspective

text: they

text: were

text: dividing

text: an

text: unknown

text: continent

text: European

text: countries

text: established

text: a

text: few

text: coastal

text: colonies

text: in

text: Africa

text: by

text: the

text: mid

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: which

text: included

text: Cape

text: Colony

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Angola

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Algeria

text: France

text: but

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Europe

text: largely

text: traded

text: with

text: free

text: African

text: states

text: without

text: feeling

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: territorial

text: possession

text: Until

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: Africa

text: remained

text: unchartered

text: with

text: western

text: maps

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: generally

text: showing

text: blank

text: spaces

text: for

text: the

text: continent

text: ’s

text: interior

question: What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference?

answer: one-fifth

text: one-fifth

question: What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?

answer: they were dividing an unknown continent.

text: they were dividing an unknown continent.

question: When did European countries establish colonies in Africa?

answer: the mid-nineteenth century,

text: the mid-nineteenth century,

question: Europe did not feel the need to posses territory in Africa until?

answer: 1880s

question: How did maps show Africa Before 1880?

answer: generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.

text: generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.


text: The great majority of asphalt used commercially is obtained from petroleum. Nonetheless, large amounts of asphalt occur in concentrated form in nature. Naturally occurring deposits of asphalt/bitumen are formed from the remains of ancient, microscopic algae (diatoms) and other once-living things. These remains were deposited in the mud on the bottom of the ocean or lake where the organisms lived. Under the heat (above 50 °C) and pressure of burial deep in the earth, the remains were transformed into materials such as asphalt/bitumen, kerogen, or petroleum.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: The

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: asphalt

text: used

text: commercially

text: is

text: obtained

text: from

text: petroleum

text: Nonetheless

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: asphalt

text: occur

text: in

text: concentrated

text: form

text: in

text: nature

text: Naturally

text: occurring

text: deposits

text: of

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: are

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: remains

text: of

text: ancient

text: microscopic

text: algae

text: diatoms

text: and

text: other

text: once

text: living

text: things

text: These

text: remains

text: were

text: deposited

text: in

text: the

text: mud

text: on

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: or

text: lake

text: where

text: the

text: organisms

text: lived

text: Under

text: the

text: heat

text: above

text: C

text: and

text: pressure

text: of

text: burial

text: deep

text: in

text: the

text: earth

text: the

text: remains

text: were

text: transformed

text: into

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: kerogen

text: or

text: petroleum

question: From where does most asphalt come?

answer: petroleum

text: petroleum

question: What are the sources of natural deposits of asphalt?

answer: once-living things

text: once-living things

question: How much heat is required for the natural production of asphalt?

answer: above 50 °C

text: above 50 °C

question: Besides heat, what other requirement is needed to form asphalt?

answer: pressure

text: pressure

question: What other product of heat and pressure does the formation of asphalt and petroleum  produce?

answer: kerogen

text: kerogen

question: Most of the petroleum used for commercial purposes is obtained from what?

text: asphalt

question: Current living things are the source of what?

text: Naturally occurring deposits

question: What product of heat and pressure does the formation of asphalt and microscopic algae produce?

text: kerogen

question: Besides pressure, what is required to form mud?

text: heat

question: Besides heat, what is required to form Besides pressure, what is required to form mud??

text: pressure


text: Bohr also introduced the quantity , now known as the reduced Planck constant, as the quantum of angular momentum. At first, Bohr thought that this was the angular momentum of each electron in an atom: this proved incorrect and, despite developments by Sommerfeld and others, an accurate description of the electron angular momentum proved beyond the Bohr model. The correct quantization rules for electrons – in which the energy reduces to the Bohr model equation in the case of the hydrogen atom – were given by Heisenberg's matrix mechanics in 1925 and the Schrödinger wave equation in 1926: the reduced Planck constant remains the fundamental quantum of angular momentum. In modern terms, if J is the total angular momentum of a system with rotational invariance, and Jz the angular momentum measured along any given direction, these quantities can only take on the values

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: Bohr

text: also

text: introduced

text: the

text: quantity

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: reduced

text: Planck

text: constant

text: as

text: the

text: quantum

text: of

text: angular

text: momentum

text: At

text: first

text: Bohr

text: thought

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: angular

text: momentum

text: of

text: each

text: electron

text: in

text: an

text: atom

text: this

text: proved

text: incorrect

text: and

text: despite

text: developments

text: by

text: Sommerfeld

text: and

text: others

text: an

text: accurate

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: angular

text: momentum

text: proved

text: beyond

text: the

text: Bohr

text: model

text: The

text: correct

text: quantization

text: rules

text: for

text: electrons

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: energy

text: reduces

text: to

text: the

text: Bohr

text: model

text: equation

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: atom

text: were

text: given

text: by

text: Heisenberg

text: 's

text: matrix

text: mechanics

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Schrödinger

text: wave

text: equation

text: in

text: the

text: reduced

text: Planck

text: constant

text: remains

text: the

text: fundamental

text: quantum

text: of

text: angular

text: momentum

text: In

text: modern

text: terms

text: if

text: J

text: is

text: the

text: total

text: angular

text: momentum

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: with

text: rotational

text: invariance

text: and

text: Jz

text: the

text: angular

text: momentum

text: measured

text: along

text: any

text: given

text: direction

text: these

text: quantities

text: can

text: only

text: take

text: on

text: the

text: values

question: Who introduced the reduced Planck constant?

answer: Bohr

text: Bohr

question: What is the reduced Planck constant also known as?

answer: the quantity

text: the quantity

question: Who helped to give the correct quantization rules for electrons in 1925?

answer: Heisenberg

text: Heisenberg

question: Who helped to give the correct quantization rules for electrons in 1926?

answer: Schrödinger

text: Schrödinger

question: According to Heisenberg and Schrödinger, the reduced Planck constant remains what?

answer: the fundamental quantum of angular momentum

text: the fundamental quantum of angular momentum

question: Bohr introduced what value as the quantum of angular momentum?

answer: the reduced Planck constant

text: the reduced Planck constant

question: What incorrect belief did Bohr hold about the reduced Planck constant?

answer: Bohr thought that this was the angular momentum of each electron in an atom

text: Bohr thought that this was the angular momentum of each electron in an atom

question: What scientist used matrix mechanics to bring electron behavior in line with the Bohr model?

answer: Heisenberg

text: Heisenberg

question: When was the Schrödinger wave equation proposed?

answer: 1926

question: Who reduced the increased Planck constant?

text: Bohr

question: What is the extended Planck constant also known as?

text: the quantity

question: Who helped to give the correct quantization rules for electrons in 1945?

text: Heisenberg

question: Who helped to give the incorrect quantization rules for electrons in 1946?

text: Schrödinger

question: What scientist used matrix mechanics to bring wave behavior against the Bohr model?

text: Heisenberg


text: The Israeli Space Agency coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals. In 2012 Israel was ranked ninth in the world by the Futron's Space Competitiveness Index. Israel is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The Shavit is a space launch vehicle produced by Israel to launch small satellites into low earth orbit. It was first launched in 1988, making Israel the eighth nation to have a space launch capability. Shavit rockets are launched from the spaceport at the Palmachim Airbase by the Israeli Space Agency. Since 1988 Israel Aerospace Industries have indigenously designed and built at least 13 commercial, research and spy satellites. Some of Israel's satellites are ranked among the world's most advanced space systems. In 2003, Ilan Ramon became Israel's first astronaut, serving as payload specialist of STS-107, the fatal mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: Israeli

text: Space

text: Agency

text: coordinates

text: all

text: Israeli

text: space

text: research

text: programs

text: with

text: scientific

text: and

text: commercial

text: goals

text: In

text: Israel

text: was

text: ranked

text: ninth

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: Futron

text: 's

text: Space

text: Competitiveness

text: Index

text: Israel

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: seven

text: countries

text: that

text: both

text: build

text: their

text: own

text: satellites

text: and

text: launch

text: their

text: own

text: launchers

text: The

text: Shavit

text: is

text: a

text: space

text: launch

text: vehicle

text: produced

text: by

text: Israel

text: to

text: launch

text: small

text: satellites

text: into

text: low

text: earth

text: orbit

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: launched

text: in

text: making

text: Israel

text: the

text: eighth

text: nation

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: space

text: launch

text: capability

text: Shavit

text: rockets

text: are

text: launched

text: from

text: the

text: spaceport

text: at

text: the

text: Palmachim

text: Airbase

text: by

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Space

text: Agency

text: Since

text: Israel

text: Aerospace

text: Industries

text: have

text: indigenously

text: designed

text: and

text: built

text: at

text: least

text: commercial

text: research

text: and

text: spy

text: satellites

text: Some

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: satellites

text: are

text: ranked

text: among

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: advanced

text: space

text: systems

text: In

text: Ilan

text: Ramon

text: became

text: Israel

text: 's

text: first

text: astronaut

text: serving

text: as

text: payload

text: specialist

text: of

text: the

text: fatal

text: mission

text: of

text: the

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: Columbia

question: What coordinates with all Israeli space research programs?

answer: Israeli Space Agency

text: Israeli Space Agency

question: Futron's Space Competitiveness Index ranked Israel what in 2012?

answer: ninth in the world

text: ninth in the world

question: When did Israel launch it's first satellite?

answer: 1988


text: The "yo yo" in the opinion polls continued into 1992, though after November 1990 any Labour lead in the polls was rarely sufficient for a majority. Major resisted Kinnock's calls for a general election throughout 1991. Kinnock campaigned on the theme "It's Time for a Change", urging voters to elect a new government after more than a decade of unbroken Conservative rule. However, the Conservatives themselves had undergone a dramatic change in the change of leader from Thatcher to Major, at least in terms of style if not substance. From the outset, it was clearly a well-received change, as Labour's 14-point lead in the November 1990 "Poll of Polls" was replaced by an 8% Tory lead a month later.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: yo

text: yo

text: in

text: the

text: opinion

text: polls

text: continued

text: into

text: though

text: after

text: November

text: any

text: Labour

text: lead

text: in

text: the

text: polls

text: was

text: rarely

text: sufficient

text: for

text: a

text: majority

text: Major

text: resisted

text: Kinnock

text: 's

text: calls

text: for

text: a

text: general

text: election

text: throughout

text: Kinnock

text: campaigned

text: on

text: the

text: theme

text: It

text: 's

text: Time

text: for

text: a

text: Change

text: urging

text: voters

text: to

text: elect

text: a

text: new

text: government

text: after

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: decade

text: of

text: unbroken

text: Conservative

text: rule

text: However

text: the

text: Conservatives

text: themselves

text: had

text: undergone

text: a

text: dramatic

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: change

text: of

text: leader

text: from

text: Thatcher

text: to

text: Major

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: style

text: if

text: not

text: substance

text: From

text: the

text: outset

text: it

text: was

text: clearly

text: a

text: well

text: received

text: change

text: as

text: Labour

text: 's

text: lead

text: in

text: the

text: November

text: Poll

text: of

text: Polls

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: an

text: Tory

text: lead

text: a

text: month

text: later

question: What year did Kinnock call for a general election?

answer: 1991

question: What was Kinnocks party theme?

answer: "It's Time for a Change"

text: "It's Time for a Change"

question: What was the original Tory lead percentage?

answer: 14

question: What did the percentage fall to?

answer: 8%

question: When was any Conservative lead in the polls sufficient for a majority?

text: after November 1990

question: Who followed Kinnock's calls for a general election?

text: Major

question: What was Major's party theme?

text: "It's Time for a Change"

question: How long had Labour ruled unbroken?

text: a decade

question: When did the Conservatives have a 14-point lead?

text: November 1990


text: The majority of antenna designs are based on the resonance principle. This relies on the behaviour of moving electrons, which reflect off surfaces where the dielectric constant changes, in a fashion similar to the way light reflects when optical properties change. In these designs, the reflective surface is created by the end of a conductor, normally a thin metal wire or rod, which in the simplest case has a feed point at one end where it is connected to a transmission line. The conductor, or element, is aligned with the electrical field of the desired signal, normally meaning it is perpendicular to the line from the antenna to the source (or receiver in the case of a broadcast antenna).

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: antenna

text: designs

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: resonance

text: principle

text: This

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: moving

text: electrons

text: which

text: reflect

text: off

text: surfaces

text: where

text: the

text: dielectric

text: constant

text: changes

text: in

text: a

text: fashion

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: way

text: light

text: reflects

text: when

text: optical

text: properties

text: change

text: In

text: these

text: designs

text: the

text: reflective

text: surface

text: is

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: conductor

text: normally

text: a

text: thin

text: metal

text: wire

text: or

text: rod

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: simplest

text: case

text: has

text: a

text: feed

text: point

text: at

text: one

text: end

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: a

text: transmission

text: line

text: The

text: conductor

text: or

text: element

text: is

text: aligned

text: with

text: the

text: electrical

text: field

text: of

text: the

text: desired

text: signal

text: normally

text: meaning

text: it

text: is

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: line

text: from

text: the

text: antenna

text: to

text: the

text: source

text: or

text: receiver

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: broadcast

text: antenna

question: What is the basis for the way most antennas are developed?

answer: resonance principle

text: resonance principle

question: What particle's migration does the resonance principle rely on?

answer: electrons

text: electrons

question: What type of surface is formed by the tip of a conductor?

answer: reflective

text: reflective

question: How would you place the conductor in relation to the signal you wished to obtain?

answer: perpendicular

text: perpendicular


text: The Samoan word for dance is siva with unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tells a story, although the Samoan male dances can be more physical and snappy. The sasa is also a traditional dance where rows of dancers perform rapid synchronised movements in time to the rhythm of wooden drums (pate) or rolled mats. Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. This is believed to have been derived from slapping insects on the body.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: The

text: Samoan

text: word

text: for

text: dance

text: is

text: siva

text: with

text: unique

text: gentle

text: movements

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: in

text: time

text: to

text: music

text: and

text: which

text: tells

text: a

text: story

text: although

text: the

text: Samoan

text: male

text: dances

text: can

text: be

text: more

text: physical

text: and

text: snappy

text: The

text: sasa

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: traditional

text: dance

text: where

text: rows

text: of

text: dancers

text: perform

text: rapid

text: synchronised

text: movements

text: in

text: time

text: to

text: the

text: rhythm

text: of

text: wooden

text: drums

text: pate

text: or

text: rolled

text: mats

text: Another

text: dance

text: performed

text: by

text: males

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: fa'ataupati

text: or

text: the

text: slap

text: dance

text: creating

text: rhythmic

text: sounds

text: by

text: slapping

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: This

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: derived

text: from

text: slapping

text: insects

text: on

text: the

text: body

question: What does "siva" mean in Samoan?

answer: dance

text: dance

question: What's the name of the traditional Samoan dance performed by synchronized rows of dancers?

answer: sasa

text: sasa

question: What are pates?

answer: wooden drums

text: wooden drums

question: What is the name of the Samoan dance only men can perform?

answer: fa'ataupati

text: fa'ataupati

question: The "slap dance" probably mimics the movements of Samoans trying to rid themselves of what creatures?

answer: insects

text: insects

question: What is the Samoan word for rhythm?

text: siva

question: What is another dance not performed by men?

text: the fa'ataupati or the slap dance

question: Why was the siva dance created?

question: What kind of instruments are used when performing the siva?

text: wooden drums

question: What else does the sasa do besides having unique gentle movements of the body to music?

text: tells a story


text: Igor returned to Kiev keen for revenge. He assembled a large force of warriors from among neighboring Slavs and Pecheneg allies, and sent for reinforcements of Varangians from “beyond the sea.” In 944 the Rus' force advanced again on the Greeks, by land and sea, and a Byzantine force from Cherson responded. The Emperor sent gifts and offered tribute in lieu of war, and the Rus' accepted. Envoys were sent between the Rus’, the Byzantines, and the Bulgarians in 945, and a peace treaty was completed. The agreement again focused on trade, but this time with terms less favorable to the Rus’, including stringent regulations on the conduct of Rus’ merchants in Cherson and Constantinople and specific punishments for violations of the law. The Byzantines may have been motivated to enter the treaty out of concern of a prolonged alliance of the Rus', Pechenegs, and Bulgarians against them, though the more favorable terms further suggest a shift in power.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: Igor

text: returned

text: to

text: Kiev

text: keen

text: for

text: revenge

text: He

text: assembled

text: a

text: large

text: force

text: of

text: warriors

text: from

text: among

text: neighboring

text: Slavs

text: and

text: Pecheneg

text: allies

text: and

text: sent

text: for

text: reinforcements

text: of

text: Varangians

text: from

text: beyond

text: the

text: sea

text: In

text: the

text: Rus

text: force

text: advanced

text: again

text: on

text: the

text: Greeks

text: by

text: land

text: and

text: sea

text: and

text: a

text: Byzantine

text: force

text: from

text: Cherson

text: responded

text: The

text: Emperor

text: sent

text: gifts

text: and

text: offered

text: tribute

text: in

text: lieu

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: Rus

text: accepted

text: Envoys

text: were

text: sent

text: between

text: the

text: Rus’

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: and

text: the

text: Bulgarians

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: peace

text: treaty

text: was

text: completed

text: The

text: agreement

text: again

text: focused

text: on

text: trade

text: but

text: this

text: time

text: with

text: terms

text: less

text: favorable

text: to

text: the

text: Rus’

text: including

text: stringent

text: regulations

text: on

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: Rus’

text: merchants

text: in

text: Cherson

text: and

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: specific

text: punishments

text: for

text: violations

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: The

text: Byzantines

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: motivated

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: treaty

text: out

text: of

text: concern

text: of

text: a

text: prolonged

text: alliance

text: of

text: the

text: Rus

text: Pechenegs

text: and

text: Bulgarians

text: against

text: them

text: though

text: the

text: more

text: favorable

text: terms

text: further

text: suggest

text: a

text: shift

text: in

text: power

question: Where did Igor get warriors from after returning to Kiev after being drivin out by the Byzatines?

answer: Slavs and Pecheneg allies

text: Slavs and Pecheneg allies

question: When did the Rus return to Byzatine seeking revenge?

answer: 944

question: IN what year was the peace treaty signed between the Rus,  Byzantine and the Bulgarians.

answer: 945

question: What was Igor not keen on?

text: revenge

question: Who dismantled a large force of warriors among the Slav and Pecheneg?

text: Igor

question: What year did the Rus force retreat again?

question: What did the Rus reject from the Emperor?

text: gifts and offered tribute

question: What year did the Rus defeat the Byzantines the the Bulgarians?


text: From outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album Jailbreak and their worldwide hit "The Boys Are Back in Town", which reached number 8 in the UK and number 12 in the US. Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979). The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre. Australian-formed AC/DC, with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums Let There Be Rock (1977) and Highway to Hell (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Motörhead, while Judas Priest abandoned the remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the New Wave of British Heavy Metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon and Venom.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: From

text: outside

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Canadian

text: trio

text: Rush

text: released

text: three

text: distinctively

text: hard

text: rock

text: albums

text: in

text: Rush

text: Fly

text: by

text: Night

text: and

text: Caress

text: of

text: Steel

text: before

text: moving

text: toward

text: a

text: more

text: progressive

text: sound

text: with

text: the

text: album

text: The

text: Irish

text: band

text: Thin

text: Lizzy

text: which

text: had

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: made

text: their

text: most

text: substantial

text: commercial

text: breakthrough

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: hard

text: rock

text: album

text: Jailbreak

text: and

text: their

text: worldwide

text: hit

text: The

text: Boys

text: Are

text: Back

text: in

text: Town

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Their

text: style

text: consisting

text: of

text: two

text: duelling

text: guitarists

text: often

text: playing

text: leads

text: in

text: harmony

text: proved

text: itself

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: large

text: influence

text: on

text: later

text: bands

text: They

text: reached

text: their

text: commercial

text: and

text: arguably

text: their

text: artistic

text: peak

text: with

text: Black

text: Rose

text: A

text: Rock

text: Legend

text: The

text: arrival

text: of

text: Scorpions

text: from

text: Germany

text: marked

text: the

text: geographical

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: subgenre

text: Australian

text: formed

text: AC

text: DC

text: with

text: a

text: stripped

text: back

text: riff

text: heavy

text: and

text: abrasive

text: style

text: that

text: also

text: appealed

text: to

text: the

text: punk

text: generation

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: international

text: attention

text: from

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: their

text: multi

text: platinum

text: albums

text: Let

text: There

text: Be

text: Rock

text: and

text: Highway

text: to

text: Hell

text: Also

text: influenced

text: by

text: a

text: punk

text: ethos

text: were

text: heavy

text: metal

text: bands

text: like

text: Motörhead

text: while

text: Judas

text: Priest

text: abandoned

text: the

text: remaining

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: blues

text: in

text: their

text: music

text: further

text: differentiating

text: the

text: hard

text: rock

text: and

text: heavy

text: metal

text: styles

text: and

text: helping

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: New

text: Wave

text: of

text: British

text: Heavy

text: Metal

text: which

text: was

text: pursued

text: by

text: bands

text: like

text: Iron

text: Maiden

text: Saxon

text: and

text: Venom

question: The band Rush is what nationality?

answer: Canadian

text: Canadian

question: What are the first three Rush albums?

answer: Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel

text: Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel

question: What nationality was Thin Lizzy?

answer: Irish

text: Irish

question: What was Thin Lizzy's hit single?

answer: "The Boys Are Back in Town"

text: "The Boys Are Back in Town"

question: The Scorpions hailed from what country?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What British band released the album Rush in 1974?

text: Rush

question: What sound did the band Rush move toward in the 1976 album Caress of Steel?

text: a more progressive sound

question: When did the American band Lizzy moved to Ireland?

question: Which song by Lizzy reached number 8 on the US charts in 1976?

text: The Boys Are Back in Town

question: Who did Iron Maiden work with to re-introduce blues into hard rock music?

text: Judas Priest


text: The Nea Moni Monastery on Chios was established by Constantine Monomachos in 1043–1056. The exceptional mosaic decoration of the dome showing probably the nine orders of the angels was destroyed in 1822 but other panels survived (Theotokos with raised hands, four evangelists with seraphim, scenes from Christ's life and an interesting Anastasis where King Salomon bears resemblance to Constantine Monomachos). In comparison with Osios Loukas Nea Moni mosaics contain more figures, detail, landscape and setting.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Nea

text: Moni

text: Monastery

text: on

text: Chios

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: Constantine

text: Monomachos

text: in

text: The

text: exceptional

text: mosaic

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: dome

text: showing

text: probably

text: the

text: nine

text: orders

text: of

text: the

text: angels

text: was

text: destroyed

text: in

text: but

text: other

text: panels

text: survived

text: Theotokos

text: with

text: raised

text: hands

text: four

text: evangelists

text: with

text: seraphim

text: scenes

text: from

text: Christ

text: 's

text: life

text: and

text: an

text: interesting

text: Anastasis

text: where

text: King

text: Salomon

text: bears

text: resemblance

text: to

text: Constantine

text: Monomachos

text: In

text: comparison

text: with

text: Osios

text: Loukas

text: Nea

text: Moni

text: mosaics

text: contain

text: more

text: figures

text: detail

text: landscape

text: and

text: setting

question: Where is the Nea Moni Monastery located?

answer: Chios

text: Chios

question: Who established the Nea Moni Monastery?

answer: Constantine Monomachos

text: Constantine Monomachos

question: When was the Nea Moni Monastery established?

answer: 1043–1056

question: When was the mosaic at the Nea Moni Monastery destroyed?

answer: 1822

question: The Nea Moni mosaics are more detailed than what what other famous mosaics?

answer: Osios Loukas

text: Osios Loukas


text: Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II. Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, when nearly 50,000 military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses. After the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove drastic expansion of both campuses. In 1948 prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution. J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University. Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972. Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town and gown tension.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Like

text: other

text: American

text: research

text: universities

text: Northwestern

text: was

text: transformed

text: by

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Franklyn

text: B.

text: Snyder

text: led

text: the

text: university

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: nearly

text: military

text: officers

text: and

text: personnel

text: were

text: trained

text: on

text: the

text: Evanston

text: and

text: Chicago

text: campuses

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: surging

text: enrollments

text: under

text: the

text: G.I.

text: Bill

text: drove

text: drastic

text: expansion

text: of

text: both

text: campuses

text: In

text: prominent

text: anthropologist

text: Melville

text: J.

text: Herskovits

text: founded

text: the

text: Program

text: of

text: African

text: Studies

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: the

text: first

text: center

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: at

text: an

text: American

text: academic

text: institution

text: J.

text: Roscoe

text: Miller

text: 's

text: tenure

text: as

text: president

text: from

text: to

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Evanston

text: campus

text: with

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: lakefill

text: on

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: faculty

text: and

text: new

text: academic

text: programs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: polarizing

text: Vietnam

text: era

text: student

text: protests

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: Unabomber

text: attacks

text: occurred

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: Relations

text: between

text: Evanston

text: and

text: Northwestern

text: were

text: strained

text: throughout

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: era

text: because

text: of

text: episodes

text: of

text: disruptive

text: student

text: activism

text: disputes

text: over

text: municipal

text: zoning

text: building

text: codes

text: and

text: law

text: enforcement

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: restrictions

text: on

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: alcohol

text: near

text: campus

text: until

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: exemption

text: from

text: state

text: and

text: municipal

text: property

text: tax

text: obligations

text: under

text: its

text: original

text: charter

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: town

text: and

text: gown

text: tension

question: Which war transformed many colleges, including Northwestern?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: Between 1939 and 1949, how many military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses?

answer: nearly 50,000

text: nearly 50,000

question: Under what Bill did enrollments surge after the war?

answer: G.I. Bill

text: G.I. Bill

question: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948?

answer: Program of African Studies at Northwestern

text: Program of African Studies at Northwestern

question: In 1978, what famous attacks occured at Northwestern?

answer: first and second Unabomber

text: first and second Unabomber

question: Which war transformed many high schools, including Northwestern?

text: World War II

question: Between 1939 and 1949, how many military officers and personnel weren't trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses?

text: nearly 50,000

question: Under what Bill did nonenrollments surge after the war?

text: G.I. Bill

question: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1978?

question: In 1938, what famous attacks occured at Northwestern?

text: first and second Unabomber


text: The instrument was primarily used in an ensemble setting well into the 1930s, and although the fad died out at the beginning of the 1930s, the instruments that were developed for the orchestra found a new home in bluegrass. The famous Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson (1923) was designed to boost the flagging interest in mandolin ensembles, with little success. However, The "Loar" became the defining instrument of bluegrass music when Bill Monroe purchased F-5 S/N 73987 in a Florida barbershop in 1943 and popularized it as his main instrument.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: The

text: instrument

text: was

text: primarily

text: used

text: in

text: an

text: ensemble

text: setting

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: and

text: although

text: the

text: fad

text: died

text: out

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: the

text: instruments

text: that

text: were

text: developed

text: for

text: the

text: orchestra

text: found

text: a

text: new

text: home

text: in

text: bluegrass

text: The

text: famous

text: Lloyd

text: Loar

text: Master

text: Model

text: from

text: Gibson

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: boost

text: the

text: flagging

text: interest

text: in

text: mandolin

text: ensembles

text: with

text: little

text: success

text: However

text: The

text: Loar

text: became

text: the

text: defining

text: instrument

text: of

text: bluegrass

text: music

text: when

text: Bill

text: Monroe

text: purchased

text: S

text: N

text: in

text: a

text: Florida

text: barbershop

text: in

text: and

text: popularized

text: it

text: as

text: his

text: main

text: instrument

question: The setting the mandolin was used in until the 1930's was?

answer: ensemble setting

text: ensemble setting

question: Where did the mandolins find a new home?

answer: bluegrass

text: bluegrass

question: What mandolin was designed to boost interest in the mandolin?

answer: Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson

text: Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson

question: What mandolin became the face of bluegrass music?

answer: Loar

text: Loar

question: What instrument did artist Bill Monroe use?

answer: F-5 S/N 73987

text: F-5 S/N 73987

question: The setting the mandolin was used in until the 1940's was?

text: ensemble setting

question: Where did the mandolins never find a new job?

text: bluegrass

question: What mandolin wasn't designed to boost interest in the mandolin?

text: Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson

question: What mandolin didn't become the face of bluegrass music?

text: Loar

question: What instrument didn't artist Bill Monroe use?

text: F-5 S/N 73987


text: The army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the Humvee, which is capable of serving as a cargo/troop carrier, weapons platform, and ambulance, among many other roles. While they operate a wide variety of combat support vehicles, one of the most common types centers on the family of HEMTT vehicles. The M1A2 Abrams is the army's main battle tank, while the M2A3 Bradley is the standard infantry fighting vehicle. Other vehicles include the Stryker, and the M113 armored personnel carrier, and multiple types of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: army

text: 's

text: most

text: common

text: vehicle

text: is

text: the

text: High

text: Mobility

text: Multipurpose

text: Wheeled

text: Vehicle

text: HMMWV

text: commonly

text: called

text: the

text: Humvee

text: which

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: serving

text: as

text: a

text: cargo

text: troop

text: carrier

text: weapons

text: platform

text: and

text: ambulance

text: among

text: many

text: other

text: roles

text: While

text: they

text: operate

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: combat

text: support

text: vehicles

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: types

text: centers

text: on

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: HEMTT

text: vehicles

text: The

text: Abrams

text: is

text: the

text: army

text: 's

text: main

text: battle

text: tank

text: while

text: the

text: Bradley

text: is

text: the

text: standard

text: infantry

text: fighting

text: vehicle

text: Other

text: vehicles

text: include

text: the

text: Stryker

text: and

text: the

text: armored

text: personnel

text: carrier

text: and

text: multiple

text: types

text: of

text: Mine

text: Resistant

text: Ambush

text: Protected

text: MRAP

text: vehicles

question: What does HMMWV stand for?

answer: High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle

text: High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle

question: What is the HMMWV also known as?

answer: Humvee

text: Humvee

question: The M1A2 Abrams is an example of what?

answer: battle tank

text: battle tank

question: What does MRAP stand for?

answer: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected

text: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected

question: What does HMMWA stand for?

question: What is the HMMWA also known as?

text: Humvee

question: What does MRAA stand for?

text: Mine Resistant Ambush Protected

question: What is the least common type of combat support vehicles?

text: HEMTT vehicles


text: In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually proprietary) connections, such as SCSI and ADB, in favor of two USB ports. It replaced a floppy disk drive with a CD-ROM drive for installing software, but was incapable of writing to CDs or other media without external third-party hardware. The iMac proved to be phenomenally successful, with 800,000 units sold in 139 days. It made the company an annual profit of US$309 million, Apple's first profitable year since Michael Spindler took over as CEO in 1995. This aesthetic was applied to the Power Macintosh and later the iBook, Apple's first consumer-level laptop computer, filling the missing quadrant of Apple's "four-square product matrix" (desktop and portable products for both consumers and professionals). More than 140,000 pre-orders were placed before it started shipping in September, and by October proved to be a large success.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: its

text: new

text: iMac

text: which

text: like

text: the

text: original

text: K

text: Mac

text: was

text: an

text: all

text: in

text: one

text: computer

text: Its

text: translucent

text: plastic

text: case

text: originally

text: Bondi

text: blue

text: and

text: later

text: various

text: additional

text: colors

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: industrial

text: design

text: landmark

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: iMac

text: did

text: away

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: standard

text: and

text: usually

text: proprietary

text: connections

text: such

text: as

text: SCSI

text: and

text: ADB

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: two

text: USB

text: ports

text: It

text: replaced

text: a

text: floppy

text: disk

text: drive

text: with

text: a

text: CD

text: ROM

text: drive

text: for

text: installing

text: software

text: but

text: was

text: incapable

text: of

text: writing

text: to

text: CDs

text: or

text: other

text: media

text: without

text: external

text: third

text: party

text: hardware

text: The

text: iMac

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: phenomenally

text: successful

text: with

text: units

text: sold

text: in

text: days

text: It

text: made

text: the

text: company

text: an

text: annual

text: profit

text: of

text: US$

text: million

text: Apple

text: 's

text: first

text: profitable

text: year

text: since

text: Michael

text: Spindler

text: took

text: over

text: as

text: CEO

text: in

text: This

text: aesthetic

text: was

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: Power

text: Macintosh

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: iBook

text: Apple

text: 's

text: first

text: consumer

text: level

text: laptop

text: computer

text: filling

text: the

text: missing

text: quadrant

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: four

text: square

text: product

text: matrix

text: desktop

text: and

text: portable

text: products

text: for

text: both

text: consumers

text: and

text: professionals

text: More

text: than

text: pre

text: orders

text: were

text: placed

text: before

text: it

text: started

text: shipping

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: by

text: October

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: large

text: success

question: What color was Apples new iMac, which was introduced in 1998?

answer: Bondi blue

text: Bondi blue

question: What did the iMac replace most of Apple's standard connections with?

answer: two USB ports

text: two USB ports

question: What did the iMac replace the floppy disk drive with?

answer: a CD-ROM drive

text: a CD-ROM drive

question: What did the iMac need to use in order to write CDs or other media?

answer: external third-party hardware

text: external third-party hardware

question: How many iMac units sold in the first 139 days?

answer: 800,000

question: What color was Apples new iMac, which was introduced in 1999?

text: Bondi blue

question: What did the iMac replace most of Microsoft's standard connections with?

text: two USB ports

question: What did the iMac replace the hard disk drive with?

text: a CD-ROM drive

question: What did the iMac need to use in order to read CDs or other media?

text: external third-party hardware

question: How many iMac units sold in the first 193 days?


text: Street parking in urban neighborhoods is mostly controlled by the franeleros a.k.a. "viene vienes" (lit. "come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid. Double parking is common (with franeleros moving the cars as required), impeding on the available lanes for traffic to pass. In order to mitigate that and other problems and to raise revenue, 721 parking meters (as of October 2013), have been installed in the west-central neighborhoods Lomas de Chapultepec, Condesa, Roma, Polanco and Anzures, in operation from 8 AM to 8 PM on weekdays and charging a rate of 2 pesos per 15 minutes, with offenders' cars booted, costing about 500 pesos to remove. 30 percent of the monthly 16 million-peso (as of October 2013) income from the parking-meter system (named "ecoParq") is earmarked for neighborhood improvements. The granting of the license for all zones exclusively to a new company without experience in operating parking meters, Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario, has generated controversy.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Street

text: parking

text: in

text: urban

text: neighborhoods

text: is

text: mostly

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: franeleros

text: a.k.a

text: viene

text: vienes

text: lit

text: come

text: on

text: come

text: on

text: who

text: ask

text: drivers

text: for

text: a

text: fee

text: to

text: park

text: in

text: theory

text: to

text: guard

text: the

text: car

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: implicit

text: threat

text: that

text: the

text: franelero

text: will

text: damage

text: the

text: car

text: if

text: the

text: fee

text: is

text: not

text: paid

text: Double

text: parking

text: is

text: common

text: with

text: franeleros

text: moving

text: the

text: cars

text: as

text: required

text: impeding

text: on

text: the

text: available

text: lanes

text: for

text: traffic

text: to

text: pass

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: mitigate

text: that

text: and

text: other

text: problems

text: and

text: to

text: raise

text: revenue

text: parking

text: meters

text: as

text: of

text: October

text: have

text: been

text: installed

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: central

text: neighborhoods

text: Lomas

text: de

text: Chapultepec

text: Condesa

text: Roma

text: Polanco

text: and

text: Anzures

text: in

text: operation

text: from

text: AM

text: to

text: PM

text: on

text: weekdays

text: and

text: charging

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: pesos

text: per

text: minutes

text: with

text: offenders

text: cars

text: booted

text: costing

text: about

text: pesos

text: to

text: remove

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: monthly

text: million

text: peso

text: as

text: of

text: October

text: income

text: from

text: the

text: parking

text: meter

text: system

text: named

text: ecoParq

text: is

text: earmarked

text: for

text: neighborhood

text: improvements

text: The

text: granting

text: of

text: the

text: license

text: for

text: all

text: zones

text: exclusively

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: company

text: without

text: experience

text: in

text: operating

text: parking

text: meters

text: Operadora

text: de

text: Estacionamientos

text: Bicentenario

text: has

text: generated

text: controversy

question: What is the name of the parking meter system in Mexico City?

answer: ecoParq

text: ecoParq

question: Who operates the parking meters?

answer: Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario

text: Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario

question: How much money a month do the parking meters bring in?

answer: 16 million-peso

text: 16 million-peso

question: What are the hours of Mexico City Parking meters?

answer: 8 AM to 8 PM

text: 8 AM to 8 PM

question: How many parking meters were installed as of October 2013?

answer: 721


text: Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single while Irene released "We Are One".

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Caleb

text: Johnson

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: with

text: Jena

text: Irene

text: as

text: the

text: runner

text: up

text: Johnson

text: released

text: As

text: Long

text: as

text: You

text: Love

text: Me

text: as

text: his

text: coronation

text: single

text: while

text: Irene

text: released

text: We

text: Are

text: One

question: Who won season 13 of American Idol?

answer: Caleb Johnson

text: Caleb Johnson

question: Who came in second on season 13 of American Idol?

answer: Jena Irene

text: Jena Irene

question: What song did Caleb Johnson first release after winning American Idol?

answer: As Long as You Love Me

text: As Long as You Love Me

question: What song did Jena Irene release after coming in second on American Idol?

answer: We Are One

text: We Are One

question: Who was the runner up this season?

answer: Jena Irene

text: Jena Irene

question: What was Johnson's coronation song?

answer: As Long as You Love Me

text: As Long as You Love Me

question: What was Irene's coronation song?

answer: We Are One

text: We Are One


text: In China, the war is officially called the "War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" (simplified Chinese: 抗美援朝战争; traditional Chinese: 抗美援朝戰爭; pinyin: Kàngměiyuáncháo zhànzhēng), although the term "Chaoxian (Korean) War" (simplified Chinese: 朝鲜战争; traditional Chinese: 朝鮮戰爭; pinyin: Cháoxiǎn zhànzhēng) is also used in unofficial contexts, along with the term "Korean Conflict" (simplified Chinese: 韩战; traditional Chinese: 韓戰; pinyin: Hán Zhàn) more commonly used in regions such as Hong Kong and Macau.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: In

text: China

text: the

text: war

text: is

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: War

text: to

text: Resist

text: U.S.

text: Aggression

text: and

text: Aid

text: Korea

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 抗美援朝战争

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 抗美援朝戰爭

text: pinyin

text: Kàngměiyuáncháo

text: zhànzhēng

text: although

text: the

text: term

text: Chaoxian

text: Korean

text: War

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 朝鲜战争

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 朝鮮戰爭

text: pinyin

text: Cháoxiǎn

text: zhànzhēng

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: unofficial

text: contexts

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: term

text: Korean

text: Conflict

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 韩战

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 韓戰

text: pinyin

text: Hán

text: Zhàn

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

question: In, China what is the war officially called?

answer: War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea

text: War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea

question: What did Macau and Hong Kong call the Korean War?

answer: Korean Conflict

text: Korean Conflict

question: When is the term 'Chaoxian War' used as a name for the Korean War?

answer: unofficial contexts

text: unofficial contexts


text: Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: Westminster

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: seat

text: of

text: learning

text: in

text: England

text: after

text: Oxford

text: and

text: Cambridge

text: It

text: was

text: here

text: that

text: the

text: first

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: James

text: Bible

text: Old

text: Testament

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: were

text: translated

text: The

text: New

text: English

text: Bible

text: was

text: also

text: put

text: together

text: here

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Westminster

text: suffered

text: minor

text: damage

text: during

text: the

text: Blitz

text: on

text: November

question: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?

answer: Oxford and Cambridge

text: Oxford and Cambridge

question: The first third of what was translated at the abbey?

answer: King James Bible Old Testament

text: King James Bible Old Testament

question: The last half of what was also translated at the abbey?

answer: New Testament

text: New Testament

question: The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1940?

answer: the Blitz

text: the Blitz

question: Westminster Abbey was the third lowest place of learning after which two places?

text: Oxford and Cambridge

question: The first quarter of what was translated at the abbey?

text: King James Bible Old Testament

question: The first half of what was also translated at the abbey?

text: New Testament

question: The Old English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?

text: 20th century

question: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1904?

text: the Blitz


text: As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"".

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: As

text: sound

text: scholar

text: Jonathan

text: Sterne

text: notes

text: An

text: Australian

text: hacker

text: acquired

text: using

text: a

text: stolen

text: credit

text: card

text: The

text: hacker

text: then

text: reverse

text: engineered

text: the

text: software

text: wrote

text: a

text: new

text: user

text: interface

text: and

text: redistributed

text: it

text: for

text: free

text: naming

text: it

text: thank

text: you

text: Fraunhofer

question: What was Jonathan Sterne's profession?

answer: sound scholar

text: sound scholar

question: Which nationality was the hacker who acquired I3enc?

answer: Australian

text: Australian

question: What did the hacker use to acquire the software?

answer: stolen credit card

text: stolen credit card

question: The hacker re-wrote which element of the program?

answer: user interface

text: user interface

question: How much did the new released program by the hacker cost?

answer: free

text: free


text: The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultural and other local circumstances. Some Orthodox canon scholars point out that, had the Ecumenical Councils (which deliberated in Greek) meant for the canons to be used as laws, they would have called them nómoi/νόμοι (laws) rather than kanónes/κανόνες (rules), but almost all Orthodox conform to them. The dogmatic decisions of the Councils, though, are to be obeyed rather than to be treated as guidelines, since they are essential for the Church's unity.

title: Canon_law

title: Canon_law

text: The

text: Greek

text: speaking

text: Orthodox

text: have

text: collected

text: canons

text: and

text: commentaries

text: upon

text: them

text: in

text: a

text: work

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Pēdálion

text: Greek

text: Πηδάλιον

text: Rudder

text: so

text: named

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: meant

text: to

text: steer

text: the

text: Church

text: The

text: Orthodox

text: Christian

text: tradition

text: in

text: general

text: treats

text: its

text: canons

text: more

text: as

text: guidelines

text: than

text: as

text: laws

text: the

text: bishops

text: adjusting

text: them

text: to

text: cultural

text: and

text: other

text: local

text: circumstances

text: Some

text: Orthodox

text: canon

text: scholars

text: point

text: out

text: that

text: had

text: the

text: Ecumenical

text: Councils

text: which

text: deliberated

text: in

text: Greek

text: meant

text: for

text: the

text: canons

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: laws

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: called

text: them

text: nómoi/νόμοι

text: laws

text: rather

text: than

text: kanónes/κανόνες

text: rules

text: but

text: almost

text: all

text: Orthodox

text: conform

text: to

text: them

text: The

text: dogmatic

text: decisions

text: of

text: the

text: Councils

text: though

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: obeyed

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: be

text: treated

text: as

text: guidelines

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: the

text: Church

text: 's

text: unity

question: What language is used by members of the Orthodox denomination?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What are the constituents of the Pēdálion?

answer: canons and commentaries upon them

text: canons and commentaries upon them

question: What does Pēdálion mean in English?

answer: Rudder

text: Rudder

question: Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?

answer: bishops

text: bishops

question: Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon?

answer: the Ecumenical Councils

text: the Ecumenical Councils

question: What denomination uses Hebrew?

text: Orthodox

question: What tradition treats its canons more as laws?

text: Orthodox Christian

question: Who believes the ecumenical councils intended the cannons to be laws?

text: Orthodox canon scholars

question: What decisions of the councils are to be treated as guidelines?

text: dogmatic

question: What are not considered essential for the church's unity?

text: dogmatic decisions


text: It is thought that annelids were originally animals with two separate sexes, which released ova and sperm into the water via their nephridia. The fertilized eggs develop into trochophore larvae, which live as plankton. Later they sink to the sea-floor and metamorphose into miniature adults: the part of the trochophore between the apical tuft and the prototroch becomes the prostomium (head); a small area round the trochophore's anus becomes the pygidium (tail-piece); a narrow band immediately in front of that becomes the growth zone that produces new segments; and the rest of the trochophore becomes the peristomium (the segment that contains the mouth).

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: It

text: is

text: thought

text: that

text: annelids

text: were

text: originally

text: animals

text: with

text: two

text: separate

text: sexes

text: which

text: released

text: ova

text: and

text: sperm

text: into

text: the

text: water

text: via

text: their

text: nephridia

text: The

text: fertilized

text: eggs

text: develop

text: into

text: trochophore

text: larvae

text: which

text: live

text: as

text: plankton

text: Later

text: they

text: sink

text: to

text: the

text: sea

text: floor

text: and

text: metamorphose

text: into

text: miniature

text: adults

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: trochophore

text: between

text: the

text: apical

text: tuft

text: and

text: the

text: prototroch

text: becomes

text: the

text: prostomium

text: head

text: a

text: small

text: area

text: round

text: the

text: trochophore

text: 's

text: anus

text: becomes

text: the

text: pygidium

text: tail

text: piece

text: a

text: narrow

text: band

text: immediately

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: that

text: becomes

text: the

text: growth

text: zone

text: that

text: produces

text: new

text: segments

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: trochophore

text: becomes

text: the

text: peristomium

text: the

text: segment

text: that

text: contains

text: the

text: mouth

question: How many sexes of annelids were there originally?

answer: two

text: two

question: What releases sperm from annelids?

answer: nephridia

text: nephridia

question: What do annelid eggs become?

answer: trochophore larvae

text: trochophore larvae

question: What do annelids' larvae live like?

answer: plankton

text: plankton

question: What does the trochophore become when annelids mature?

answer: the prostomium (head)

text: the prostomium (head)

question: What releases sperm from annelids eyes?

text: nephridia

question: What do annelid eggs explode inside?

text: trochophore larvae

question: What do annelids' larvae like to eat?

text: plankton

question: What does the trochophore become when annelids die?

text: the prostomium (head)


text: Napoleon returned to Paris and found that both the legislature and the people had turned against him. Realizing his position was untenable, he abdicated on 22 June in favour of his son. He left Paris three days later and settled at Josephine's former palace in Malmaison (on the western bank of the Seine about 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of Paris). Even as Napoleon travelled to Paris, the Coalition forces crossed the frontier swept through France (arriving in the vicinity of Paris on 29 June), with the stated intent on restoring Louis XVIII to the French throne.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: returned

text: to

text: Paris

text: and

text: found

text: that

text: both

text: the

text: legislature

text: and

text: the

text: people

text: had

text: turned

text: against

text: him

text: Realizing

text: his

text: position

text: was

text: untenable

text: he

text: abdicated

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: his

text: son

text: He

text: left

text: Paris

text: three

text: days

text: later

text: and

text: settled

text: at

text: Josephine

text: 's

text: former

text: palace

text: in

text: Malmaison

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Seine

text: about

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: west

text: of

text: Paris

text: Even

text: as

text: Napoleon

text: travelled

text: to

text: Paris

text: the

text: Coalition

text: forces

text: crossed

text: the

text: frontier

text: swept

text: through

text: France

text: arriving

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Paris

text: on

text: June

text: with

text: the

text: stated

text: intent

text: on

text: restoring

text: Louis

text: XVIII

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: throne

question: Where did Napoleon return and find that the populace and government had turned against him?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: On what date did Napoleon abdicate?

answer: 22 June

text: 22 June

question: How many days after his abdication did Napoleon leave Paris?

answer: three days

text: three days

question: On what date did the Coalition forces arrive near Paris?

answer: 29 June

text: 29 June

question: When Napoleon left Paris, he went to the palace formerly belonging to whom?

answer: Josephine

text: Josephine


text: Antarctica continued to become more isolated and finally developed a permanent ice cap. Mountain building in western North America continued, and the Alps started to rise in Europe as the African plate continued to push north into the Eurasian plate, isolating the remnants of Tethys Sea. A brief marine incursion marks the early Oligocene in Europe. There appears to have been a land bridge in the early Oligocene between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. During the Oligocene, South America was finally detached from Antarctica and drifted north toward North America. It also allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to flow, rapidly cooling the continent.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: Antarctica

text: continued

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: isolated

text: and

text: finally

text: developed

text: a

text: permanent

text: ice

text: cap

text: Mountain

text: building

text: in

text: western

text: North

text: America

text: continued

text: and

text: the

text: Alps

text: started

text: to

text: rise

text: in

text: Europe

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: plate

text: continued

text: to

text: push

text: north

text: into

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: plate

text: isolating

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: Tethys

text: Sea

text: A

text: brief

text: marine

text: incursion

text: marks

text: the

text: early

text: Oligocene

text: in

text: Europe

text: There

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: land

text: bridge

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Oligocene

text: between

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: since

text: the

text: faunas

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: regions

text: are

text: very

text: similar

text: During

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: South

text: America

text: was

text: finally

text: detached

text: from

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: drifted

text: north

text: toward

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: also

text: allowed

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Circumpolar

text: Current

text: to

text: flow

text: rapidly

text: cooling

text: the

text: continent

question: What permanent structure formed on Antarctica?

answer: ice cap

text: ice cap

question: The lift of which mountain range in Europe was the result of the African plate moving north into the Eurasian?

answer: the Alps

text: the Alps

question: During what period was there a land bridge joining Europe and North America?

answer: Oligocene

text: Oligocene

question: In the Oligocene period South America broke free from what other continent?

answer: Antarctica

text: Antarctica

question: Which current resulted in the cooling of Antarctica?

answer: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

text: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

question: What semi-perminant feature developed in Antarctica?

text: ice cap

question: Where did mountain building stop?

text: North America

question: What plate was pushing south creating the Alps?

text: African plate

question: What incursion marked the end of Oligocene?

text: marine

question: What slowed down the Antarctic Circumpolar Current?