text: Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish. For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules increasingly difficult to enforce. As a result, all filming, photographing, and videotaping by the public in the exhibition areas has been prohibited since February 25, 2010.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: Once

text: inside

text: the

text: Rotunda

text: for

text: the

text: Charters

text: of

text: Freedom

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: lines

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: individual

text: documents

text: and

text: visitors

text: are

text: allowed

text: to

text: walk

text: from

text: document

text: to

text: document

text: as

text: they

text: wish

text: For

text: over

text: years

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: have

text: forbidden

text: flash

text: photography

text: but

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: cameras

text: with

text: automatic

text: flashes

text: have

text: made

text: the

text: rules

text: increasingly

text: difficult

text: to

text: enforce

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: all

text: filming

text: photographing

text: and

text: videotaping

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: in

text: the

text: exhibition

text: areas

text: has

text: been

text: prohibited

text: since

text: February

question: Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned?

answer: February 25, 2010

text: February 25, 2010

question: For how long has the National Archives prohibited flash photography?

answer: over 30 years

text: over 30 years

question: What is an aspect of a visit to the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?

answer: no lines

text: no lines

question: What has made the no photography rule hard to enforce in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?

answer: advent of cameras with automatic flashes

text: advent of cameras with automatic flashes

question: How long have there been no lines to see individual documents?

text: over 30 years

question: Since what date have visitors been allowed into the Rotunda?

text: February 25, 2010

question: What year did the National Archives open to the public?

question: How long ago were the Charters of Freedom found?

text: 30 years

question: Was it difficult to enforce the ban on the public entering the Rotunda before February 25, 2010?

text: difficult to enforce


text: In China, red (simplified Chinese: 红; traditional Chinese: 紅; pinyin: hóng) is the symbol of fire and the south (both south in general and Southern China specifically). It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer. In Chinese cultural traditions, red is associated with weddings (where brides traditionally wear red dresses) and red paper is frequently used to wrap gifts of money or other objects. Special red packets (simplified Chinese: 红包; traditional Chinese: 紅包; pinyin: hóng bāo in Mandarin or lai see in Cantonese) are specifically used during Chinese New Year celebrations for giving monetary gifts. On the more negative side, obituaries are traditionally written in red ink, and to write someone's name in red signals either cutting them out of one's life, or that they have died. Red is also associated with either the feminine or the masculine (yin and yang respectively), depending on the source. The Little Red Book, a collection of quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC), was published in 1966 and widely distributed thereafter.

title: Red

title: Red

text: In

text: China

text: red

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 红

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 紅

text: pinyin

text: hóng

text: is

text: the

text: symbol

text: of

text: fire

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: both

text: south

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: Southern

text: China

text: specifically

text: It

text: carries

text: a

text: largely

text: positive

text: connotation

text: being

text: associated

text: with

text: courage

text: loyalty

text: honor

text: success

text: fortune

text: fertility

text: happiness

text: passion

text: and

text: summer

text: In

text: Chinese

text: cultural

text: traditions

text: red

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: weddings

text: where

text: brides

text: traditionally

text: wear

text: red

text: dresses

text: and

text: red

text: paper

text: is

text: frequently

text: used

text: to

text: wrap

text: gifts

text: of

text: money

text: or

text: other

text: objects

text: Special

text: red

text: packets

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 红包

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 紅包

text: pinyin

text: hóng

text: bāo

text: in

text: Mandarin

text: or

text: lai

text: see

text: in

text: Cantonese

text: are

text: specifically

text: used

text: during

text: Chinese

text: New

text: Year

text: celebrations

text: for

text: giving

text: monetary

text: gifts

text: On

text: the

text: more

text: negative

text: side

text: obituaries

text: are

text: traditionally

text: written

text: in

text: red

text: ink

text: and

text: to

text: write

text: someone

text: 's

text: name

text: in

text: red

text: signals

text: either

text: cutting

text: them

text: out

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: or

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: died

text: Red

text: is

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: either

text: the

text: feminine

text: or

text: the

text: masculine

text: yin

text: and

text: yang

text: respectively

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: source

text: The

text: Little

text: Red

text: Book

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: quotations

text: from

text: Chairman

text: Mao

text: Tse

text: Tung

text: founding

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: and

text: widely

text: distributed

text: thereafter

question: Which cardinal direction is signified by red in China?

answer: south

text: south

question: What season is red identified with in China?

answer: summer

text: summer

question: Red paper is used to wrap gifts of money during what special celebration in China?

answer: Chinese New Year

text: Chinese New Year

question: Who wrote the Little Red Book?

answer: Chairman Mao Tse-Tung

text: Chairman Mao Tse-Tung

question: In what year was the Little Red Book published?

answer: 1966

question: What does red signify in southern cultural traditions?

question: What is hong bao the Cantonese word for?

text: Special red packets

question: What is lai see the Mandarin word for?

text: Special red packets

question: What does PCR stand for?

text: People's Republic of China

question: Who does the Red Little Book quote?

text: Chairman Mao Tse-Tung


text: In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigment was derived from the rock lapis lazuli, a stone imported from Afghanistan of greater value than gold. Beyond a painter's retainer, patrons were expected to purchase any gold or lapis lazuli to be used in the painting. Hence, it was an expression of devotion and glorification to swathe the Virgin in gowns of blue.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: In

text: paintings

text: Mary

text: is

text: traditionally

text: portrayed

text: in

text: blue

text: This

text: tradition

text: can

text: trace

text: its

text: origin

text: to

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: from

text: AD

text: where

text: blue

text: was

text: the

text: colour

text: of

text: an

text: empress

text: A

text: more

text: practical

text: explanation

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: this

text: colour

text: is

text: that

text: in

text: Medieval

text: and

text: Renaissance

text: Europe

text: the

text: blue

text: pigment

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: rock

text: lapis

text: lazuli

text: a

text: stone

text: imported

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: of

text: greater

text: value

text: than

text: gold

text: Beyond

text: a

text: painter

text: 's

text: retainer

text: patrons

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: purchase

text: any

text: gold

text: or

text: lapis

text: lazuli

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: painting

text: Hence

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: expression

text: of

text: devotion

text: and

text: glorification

text: to

text: swathe

text: the

text: Virgin

text: in

text: gowns

text: of

text: blue

question: Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings?

answer: blue

text: blue

question: What rock was used as the source of blue pigment in paints in Medieval and Renaissance Europe?

answer: lapis lazuli

text: lapis lazuli

question: From which country was lapis lazuli imported?

answer: Afghanistan

text: Afghanistan

question: Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal?

answer: gold

text: gold

question: Which ancient empire is thought to have started the tradition of portraying Mary in paintings using the color blue?

answer: Byzantine Empire

text: Byzantine Empire

question: What color does Mary like to paint with?

text: blue

question: What year did Mary visit the Byzantine Empire?

text: 500 AD

question: What is the name of Mary's favorite stone?

text: lapis lazuli

question: What country were the travelers from that brought Mary the lapis lazuli?

text: Afghanistan

question: What did Mary use to trade for the lapis lazuli?

text: gold


text: Other educational institutions in Armenia include the American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan. The American University of Armenia has graduate programs in Business and Law, among others. The institution owes its existence to the combined efforts of the Government of Armenia, the Armenian General Benevolent Union, U.S. Agency for International Development, and the University of California. The extension programs and the library at AUA form a new focal point for English-language intellectual life in the city. Armenia also hosts a deployment of OLPC – One Laptopschool Per child XO laptop-tablet schools.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Other

text: educational

text: institutions

text: in

text: Armenia

text: include

text: the

text: American

text: University

text: of

text: Armenia

text: and

text: the

text: QSI

text: International

text: School

text: of

text: Yerevan

text: The

text: American

text: University

text: of

text: Armenia

text: has

text: graduate

text: programs

text: in

text: Business

text: and

text: Law

text: among

text: others

text: The

text: institution

text: owes

text: its

text: existence

text: to

text: the

text: combined

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Armenian

text: General

text: Benevolent

text: Union

text: U.S.

text: Agency

text: for

text: International

text: Development

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: The

text: extension

text: programs

text: and

text: the

text: library

text: at

text: AUA

text: form

text: a

text: new

text: focal

text: point

text: for

text: English

text: language

text: intellectual

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Armenia

text: also

text: hosts

text: a

text: deployment

text: of

text: OLPC

text: One

text: Laptopschool

text: Per

text: child

text: XO

text: laptop

text: tablet

text: schools

question: What does OLPC stand for?

answer: One Laptopschool Per child

text: One Laptopschool Per child

question: What are the names of some of the other higher education organizations in Armenia?

answer: American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan

text: American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan

question: What are some of the graduate programs available at AUA?

answer: Business and Law

text: Business and Law


text: The CIPA DC-004 standard requires that Japanese manufacturers of digital still cameras use either the REI or SOS techniques, and DC-008 updates the Exif specification to differentiate between these values. Consequently, the three EI techniques carried over from ISO 12232:1998 are not widely used in recent camera models (approximately 2007 and later). As those earlier techniques did not allow for measurement from images produced with lossy compression, they cannot be used at all on cameras that produce images only in JPEG format.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: CIPA

text: standard

text: requires

text: that

text: Japanese

text: manufacturers

text: of

text: digital

text: still

text: cameras

text: use

text: either

text: the

text: REI

text: or

text: SOS

text: techniques

text: and

text: updates

text: the

text: Exif

text: specification

text: to

text: differentiate

text: between

text: these

text: values

text: Consequently

text: the

text: three

text: EI

text: techniques

text: carried

text: over

text: from

text: ISO

text: are

text: not

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: recent

text: camera

text: models

text: approximately

text: and

text: later

text: As

text: those

text: earlier

text: techniques

text: did

text: not

text: allow

text: for

text: measurement

text: from

text: images

text: produced

text: with

text: lossy

text: compression

text: they

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: at

text: all

text: on

text: cameras

text: that

text: produce

text: images

text: only

text: in

text: JPEG

text: format

question: Which methods are required by CIPA DC-004?

answer: REI or SOS techniques

text: REI or SOS techniques

question: In what year did the three EI techniques from ISO 12232:1998 largely stop being used?

answer: approximately 2007 and later

text: approximately 2007 and later

question: With what cameras can earlier techniques not be used?

answer: cameras that produce images only in JPEG format

text: cameras that produce images only in JPEG format

question: What nation's cameras does the CIPA DC-004 apply to?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: What does the DC-008 change?

answer: the Exif specification

text: the Exif specification

question: How many techniques are widely used in new camera models?

text: three

question: When was the CIPA DC-004 standard released?

question: Which manufacturers are exempt from CIPA DC-004?

text: Japanese

question: After 2007, newer camera models started using what techniques again?

question: The three EI techniques have to be used on cameras that only capture in what format?

text: JPEG


text: Two controversies during the campaign tested him and his staff, but did not affect the campaign. One involved a report that Nixon had improperly received funds from a secret trust. Nixon spoke out adroitly to avoid potential damage, but the matter permanently alienated the two candidates. The second issue centered on Eisenhower's relented decision to confront the controversial methods of Joseph McCarthy on his home turf in a Wisconsin appearance. Just two weeks prior to the election, Eisenhower vowed to go to Korea and end the war there. He promised to maintain a strong commitment against Communism while avoiding the topic of NATO; finally, he stressed a corruption-free, frugal administration at home.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Two

text: controversies

text: during

text: the

text: campaign

text: tested

text: him

text: and

text: his

text: staff

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: campaign

text: One

text: involved

text: a

text: report

text: that

text: Nixon

text: had

text: improperly

text: received

text: funds

text: from

text: a

text: secret

text: trust

text: Nixon

text: spoke

text: out

text: adroitly

text: to

text: avoid

text: potential

text: damage

text: but

text: the

text: matter

text: permanently

text: alienated

text: the

text: two

text: candidates

text: The

text: second

text: issue

text: centered

text: on

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: relented

text: decision

text: to

text: confront

text: the

text: controversial

text: methods

text: of

text: Joseph

text: McCarthy

text: on

text: his

text: home

text: turf

text: in

text: a

text: Wisconsin

text: appearance

text: Just

text: two

text: weeks

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: election

text: Eisenhower

text: vowed

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: Korea

text: and

text: end

text: the

text: war

text: there

text: He

text: promised

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: strong

text: commitment

text: against

text: Communism

text: while

text: avoiding

text: the

text: topic

text: of

text: NATO

text: finally

text: he

text: stressed

text: a

text: corruption

text: free

text: frugal

text: administration

text: at

text: home

question: What was the home state of Joseph McCarthy?

answer: Wisconsin

text: Wisconsin

question: Where did Eisenhower claim he would end the war?

answer: Korea

text: Korea

question: During the campaign, from where was it claimed Nixon had received money improperly?

answer: a secret trust

text: a secret trust

question: What topic did Eisenhower not discuss during the campaign?

answer: NATO

text: NATO


text: In December 1941, Japan launched, in quick succession, attacks on British Malaya, the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, and Hong Kong. Churchill's reaction to the entry of the United States into the war was that Britain was now assured of victory and the future of the empire was safe, but the manner in which British forces were rapidly defeated in the Far East irreversibly harmed Britain's standing and prestige as an imperial power. Most damaging of all was the fall of Singapore, which had previously been hailed as an impregnable fortress and the eastern equivalent of Gibraltar. The realisation that Britain could not defend its entire empire pushed Australia and New Zealand, which now appeared threatened by Japanese forces, into closer ties with the United States. This resulted in the 1951 ANZUS Pact between Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: December

text: Japan

text: launched

text: in

text: quick

text: succession

text: attacks

text: on

text: British

text: Malaya

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: naval

text: base

text: at

text: Pearl

text: Harbor

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Churchill

text: 's

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: entry

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: into

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: that

text: Britain

text: was

text: now

text: assured

text: of

text: victory

text: and

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: safe

text: but

text: the

text: manner

text: in

text: which

text: British

text: forces

text: were

text: rapidly

text: defeated

text: in

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: irreversibly

text: harmed

text: Britain

text: 's

text: standing

text: and

text: prestige

text: as

text: an

text: imperial

text: power

text: Most

text: damaging

text: of

text: all

text: was

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Singapore

text: which

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: hailed

text: as

text: an

text: impregnable

text: fortress

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: equivalent

text: of

text: Gibraltar

text: The

text: realisation

text: that

text: Britain

text: could

text: not

text: defend

text: its

text: entire

text: empire

text: pushed

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: which

text: now

text: appeared

text: threatened

text: by

text: Japanese

text: forces

text: into

text: closer

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: ANZUS

text: Pact

text: between

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

question: Which country attacked British Malaya in 1941?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: Which country attacked Hong Kong in 1941?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: When was the ANZUS Pact formed?

answer: 1951

question: Which countries were in the ANZUS Pact?

answer: Australia, New Zealand and the United States

text: Australia, New Zealand and the United States

question: Which territory had been compared to Gibraltar?

answer: Singapore

text: Singapore


text: Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: Although

text: the

text: Founding

text: Fathers

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: did

text: not

text: originally

text: intend

text: for

text: American

text: politics

text: to

text: be

text: partisan

text: early

text: political

text: controversies

text: in

text: the

text: over

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: federal

text: government

text: powers

text: saw

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: two

text: proto

text: political

text: parties-

text: the

text: Federalist

text: Party

text: and

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Republican

text: Party

text: which

text: were

text: championed

text: by

text: Framers

text: Alexander

text: Hamilton

text: and

text: James

text: Madison

text: respectively

text: However

text: a

text: consensus

text: reached

text: on

text: these

text: issues

text: ended

text: party

text: politics

text: in

text: for

text: a

text: decade

text: a

text: period

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Era

text: of

text: Good

text: Feelings

question: What were the two proto-political parties?

answer: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party

text: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party

question: In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin?

answer: 1816

question: What did the founding fathers not intend American politics to become?

answer: partisan

text: partisan

question: Who were the leaders of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties?

answer: Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

text: Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

question: What did James Madison intend the mindset of the Federalist Party to be?

text: partisan

question: In what year was the Federalist Party founded?

question: In what year did the Democratic-Republican Party split?

question: What was the period called after the Federalist Party was created?

text: the Era of Good Feelings

question: How long was James Madison involved with the Federalist Party?

text: a decade


text: During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more than 406 companies operating under the federal IMMEX or Prosec program in Chihuahua. The large portion of the manufacturing sector of the state is 425 factories divided into 25 industrial parks accounting for 12.47% of the maquiladoras in Mexico, which employ 294,026 people in the state. While export-driven manufacturing is one of the most important components of the state's economy, the industrial sector is quite diverse and can be broken down into several sectors, which are: electronics, agro-industrial, wood base manufacturing, mineral, and biotech. Similar to the rest of the country, small businesses continue to be the foundation of the state’s economy. Small business employs the largest portion of the population.[citation needed]

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: During

text: the

text: after

text: NAFTA

text: was

text: signed

text: industrial

text: development

text: grew

text: rapidly

text: with

text: foreign

text: investment

text: Large

text: factories

text: known

text: as

text: maquiladoras

text: were

text: built

text: to

text: export

text: manufactured

text: goods

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: Today

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: maquiladoras

text: produce

text: electronics

text: automobile

text: and

text: aerospace

text: components

text: There

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: companies

text: operating

text: under

text: the

text: federal

text: IMMEX

text: or

text: Prosec

text: program

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: The

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: sector

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: factories

text: divided

text: into

text: industrial

text: parks

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: maquiladoras

text: in

text: Mexico

text: which

text: employ

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: While

text: export

text: driven

text: manufacturing

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: economy

text: the

text: industrial

text: sector

text: is

text: quite

text: diverse

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: several

text: sectors

text: which

text: are

text: electronics

text: agro

text: industrial

text: wood

text: base

text: manufacturing

text: mineral

text: and

text: biotech

text: Similar

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: small

text: businesses

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: ’s

text: economy

text: Small

text: business

text: employs

text: the

text: largest

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: population.[citation

text: needed

question: What agreement sparked industrial development during the 1990s?

answer: NAFTA

text: NAFTA

question: Large factories called what were built to export manufactured goods to the US and Canada?

answer: maquiladoras

text: maquiladoras

question: How many in the state are employed by maquiladoras?

answer: 294,026

question: What type of business employs the largest portion of the population?

answer: Small business

text: Small business

question: Most maquiladoras today produce what?

answer: electronics, automobile, and aerospace components

text: electronics, automobile, and aerospace components


text: Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): "We find limited evidence that substantial deterioration in CMBS [commercial mortgage-backed securities] loan underwriting occurred prior to the crisis." Other analysts support the contention that the crisis in commercial real estate and related lending took place after the crisis in residential real estate. Business journalist Kimberly Amadeo reports: "The first signs of decline in residential real estate occurred in 2006. Three years later, commercial real estate started feeling the effects. Denice A. Gierach, a real estate attorney and CPA, wrote:

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Krugman

text: 's

text: contention

text: that

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: a

text: commercial

text: real

text: estate

text: bubble

text: indicates

text: that

text: U.S.

text: housing

text: policy

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: crisis

text: is

text: challenged

text: by

text: additional

text: analysis

text: After

text: researching

text: the

text: default

text: of

text: commercial

text: loans

text: during

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

text: Xudong

text: An

text: and

text: Anthony

text: B.

text: Sanders

text: reported

text: in

text: December

text: We

text: find

text: limited

text: evidence

text: that

text: substantial

text: deterioration

text: in

text: CMBS

text: commercial

text: mortgage

text: backed

text: securities

text: loan

text: underwriting

text: occurred

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: crisis

text: Other

text: analysts

text: support

text: the

text: contention

text: that

text: the

text: crisis

text: in

text: commercial

text: real

text: estate

text: and

text: related

text: lending

text: took

text: place

text: after

text: the

text: crisis

text: in

text: residential

text: real

text: estate

text: Business

text: journalist

text: Kimberly

text: Amadeo

text: reports

text: The

text: first

text: signs

text: of

text: decline

text: in

text: residential

text: real

text: estate

text: occurred

text: in

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: commercial

text: real

text: estate

text: started

text: feeling

text: the

text: effects

text: Denice

text: A.

text: Gierach

text: a

text: real

text: estate

text: attorney

text: and

text: CPA

text: wrote

question: Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis?

answer: Krugman

text: Krugman

question: When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities?

answer: December 2010

text: December 2010

question: According to business journalist Kimberly Amadeo, when did the first signs of decline in real estate occur?

answer: 2006

question: What are CMBS?

answer: commercial mortgage-backed securities

text: commercial mortgage-backed securities

question: According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate?

answer: the crisis in commercial real estate

text: the crisis in commercial real estate


text: Oklahoma City, lying in the Great Plains region, features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (these two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: lying

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: region

text: features

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: livestock

text: markets

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Oil

text: natural

text: gas

text: petroleum

text: products

text: and

text: related

text: industries

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: sector

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: economy

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: an

text: active

text: oil

text: field

text: and

text: oil

text: derricks

text: dot

text: the

text: capitol

text: grounds

text: The

text: federal

text: government

text: employs

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: workers

text: at

text: Tinker

text: Air

text: Force

text: Base

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Transportation

text: 's

text: Mike

text: Monroney

text: Aeronautical

text: Center

text: these

text: two

text: sites

text: house

text: several

text: offices

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Aviation

text: Administration

text: and

text: the

text: Transportation

text: Department

text: 's

text: Enterprise

text: Service

text: Center

text: respectively

question: Which region is Oklahoma City a part of?

answer: Great Plains region

text: Great Plains region

question: What offices employ US transportation and Air force bases?

answer: Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center

text: Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center


text: In any case, Alexander's toppling of the Achaemenid Empire, after his victories at the battles of the Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, and his advance as far as modern-day Pakistan and Tajikistan, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexandrian empire did not survive its creator's death intact, the cultural implications of the spread of Hellenism across much of the Middle East and Asia were to prove long lived as Greek became the lingua franca, a position it retained even in Roman times. Many Greeks settled in Hellenistic cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia. Two thousand years later, there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: In

text: any

text: case

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: toppling

text: of

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: after

text: his

text: victories

text: at

text: the

text: battles

text: of

text: the

text: Granicus

text: Issus

text: and

text: Gaugamela

text: and

text: his

text: advance

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: modern

text: day

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: provided

text: an

text: important

text: outlet

text: for

text: Greek

text: culture

text: via

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: colonies

text: and

text: trade

text: routes

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: While

text: the

text: Alexandrian

text: empire

text: did

text: not

text: survive

text: its

text: creator

text: 's

text: death

text: intact

text: the

text: cultural

text: implications

text: of

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: Hellenism

text: across

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: Asia

text: were

text: to

text: prove

text: long

text: lived

text: as

text: Greek

text: became

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: a

text: position

text: it

text: retained

text: even

text: in

text: Roman

text: times

text: Many

text: Greeks

text: settled

text: in

text: Hellenistic

text: cities

text: like

text: Alexandria

text: Antioch

text: and

text: Seleucia

text: Two

text: thousand

text: years

text: later

text: there

text: are

text: still

text: communities

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: like

text: the

text: Kalash

text: who

text: claim

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: Greek

text: settlers

question: What Macedonian ruler helped to advance Greek beliefs and ways of life ?

answer: Alexander

text: Alexander

question: How was this achievement of advancing culture undertaken ?

answer: provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way

text: provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way

question: What types of cities did the expansion of the great ruler inspire ?

answer: Hellenistic cities

text: Hellenistic cities

question: Are any relatives of the first people of  the Grecian world still around ?

answer: there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers.

text: there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers.

question: Name a city that the Greeks nested in ?

answer: cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia.

text: cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia.

question: What Macedonian ruler didn't help to advance Greek beliefs and ways of life?

text: Alexander's

question: How wasn't this achievement of advancing culture undertaken?

question: What types of cities didn't the expansion of the great ruler inspire?

text: Hellenism

question: Are any relatives of the first people of the Grecian world no longer around?


text: Puppetry and shadow plays were also a favoured form of entertainment in past centuries, a famous one being Wayang from Indonesia. The arts and literature in some of Southeast Asia is quite influenced by Hinduism, which was brought to them centuries ago. Indonesia, despite conversion to Islam which opposes certain forms of art, has retained many forms of Hindu-influenced practices, culture, art and literature. An example is the Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) and literature like the Ramayana. The wayang kulit show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: Puppetry

text: and

text: shadow

text: plays

text: were

text: also

text: a

text: favoured

text: form

text: of

text: entertainment

text: in

text: past

text: centuries

text: a

text: famous

text: one

text: being

text: Wayang

text: from

text: Indonesia

text: The

text: arts

text: and

text: literature

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: is

text: quite

text: influenced

text: by

text: Hinduism

text: which

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: them

text: centuries

text: ago

text: Indonesia

text: despite

text: conversion

text: to

text: Islam

text: which

text: opposes

text: certain

text: forms

text: of

text: art

text: has

text: retained

text: many

text: forms

text: of

text: Hindu

text: influenced

text: practices

text: culture

text: art

text: and

text: literature

text: An

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: Wayang

text: Kulit

text: Shadow

text: Puppet

text: and

text: literature

text: like

text: the

text: Ramayana

text: The

text: wayang

text: kulit

text: show

text: has

text: been

text: recognized

text: by

text: UNESCO

text: on

text: November

text: as

text: a

text: Masterpiece

text: of

text: Oral

text: and

text: Intangible

text: Heritage

text: of

text: Humanity

question: What were the favorite forms of entertainment in Southeast Asia?

answer: Puppetry and shadow plays

text: Puppetry and shadow plays

question: Art & literature in Southeast Asia is influenced by which religion?

answer: Hinduism

text: Hinduism

question: The UNESCO has recognized which show as a Masterpiece of Oral & Intangible Heritage of Humanity

answer: The wayang kulit

text: The wayang kulit

question: Which country despite converting to Islam has retained many forms of Hindu practices, culture, art & literature?

answer: Indonesia

text: Indonesia

question: What is currently a favorite form of entertainment?

text: Puppetry and shadow plays

question: What is a famous shadow play from India?

text: Wayang

question: Islam has influenced what in Southeast Asia?

text: The arts and literature

question: What did UNESCO regognize the 2003 play Wayang as?


text: The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greek

text: economy

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: advanced

text: and

text: high

text: income

text: Greece

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Organisation

text: for

text: Economic

text: Co

text: operation

text: and

text: Development

text: OECD

text: and

text: the

text: Organization

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Economic

text: Cooperation

text: BSEC

text: In

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Communities

text: and

text: the

text: single

text: market

text: was

text: signed

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: Greece

text: was

text: accepted

text: into

text: the

text: Economic

text: and

text: Monetary

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: in

text: January

text: adopted

text: the

text: Euro

text: as

text: its

text: currency

text: replacing

text: the

text: Greek

text: drachma

text: at

text: an

text: exchange

text: rate

text: of

text: drachma

text: to

text: the

text: Euro

text: Greece

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Organization

text: and

text: is

text: ranked

text: on

text: the

text: KOF

text: Globalization

text: Index

text: for

question: What classification does the Greek economy hold?

answer: advanced and high-income

text: advanced and high-income

question: Greece help found what economic organizations?

answer: Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

text: Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

question: When was Greece accepted into the European Union?

answer: 19 June 2000

text: 19 June 2000

question: When did Greece start using the Euro as its currency?

answer: January 2001

text: January 2001

question: What was Greece's former currency?

answer: the Greek drachma

text: the Greek drachma


text: The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: comprises

text: many

text: levels

text: of

text: codified

text: and

text: uncodified

text: forms

text: of

text: law

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Constitution

text: sets

text: out

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: federal

text: law

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: acts

text: of

text: Congress

text: treaties

text: ratified

text: by

text: the

text: Senate

text: regulations

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: and

text: case

text: law

text: originating

text: from

text: the

text: federal

text: judiciary

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: compilation

text: and

text: codification

text: of

text: general

text: and

text: permanent

text: federal

text: statutory

text: law

question: What is the foundation of the United States federal government?

answer: United States Constitution

text: United States Constitution

question: In the Unites States what sets out the boundaries of federal law?

answer: The Constitution

text: The Constitution

question: What is defined as the official codification of federal statutory law?

answer: The United States Code

text: The United States Code

question: What is compromised of many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law?

answer: law of the United States

text: law of the United States

question: The constitution set boundaries for case law that originates from where?

answer: federal judiciary

text: federal judiciary

question: What is the foundation of the U.S. federal government?

answer: the United States Constitution

text: the United States Constitution

question: What sets out the boundries of federal law?

answer: The Constitution

text: The Constitution

question: What two forms of law make up the laws of the United States?

answer: codified and uncodified

text: codified and uncodified

question: What is th eofficial compilation of federal statutory law called?

answer: The United States Code

text: The United States Code

question: What different kinds of law make up the laws of the United States?

answer: codified and uncodified

text: codified and uncodified

question: What is the most important document in the US, setting the boundries for all other laws?

answer: the United States Constitution

text: the United States Constitution

question: What branch of gevernment is responsible for ratifing treaties?

answer: Senate

text: Senate

question: With branch of government deals with new regulations?

answer: the executive branch

text: the executive branch

question: Who's responsibility is case law?

answer: the federal judiciary

text: the federal judiciary

question: What is the least important form of law in the US?

text: United States Constitution

question: What is the foundation of the US Constitution?

text: federal government

question: The acts of Congress creates boundaries for what kind of law?

text: federal

question: What type of law does the executive branch create?

text: case

question: Laws that are only general are called what?

text: The United States Code


text: Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (prevalence), whether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults (cognitive processing perspective), or whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions. The behavioral decision-making theory proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action. However, research has shown that adolescents seem to give more weight to rewards, particularly social rewards, than do adults.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Because

text: most

text: injuries

text: sustained

text: by

text: adolescents

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: risky

text: behavior

text: car

text: crashes

text: alcohol

text: unprotected

text: sex

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: research

text: has

text: been

text: done

text: on

text: the

text: cognitive

text: and

text: emotional

text: processes

text: underlying

text: adolescent

text: risk

text: taking

text: In

text: addressing

text: this

text: question

text: it

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: distinguish

text: whether

text: adolescents

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: risky

text: behaviors

text: prevalence

text: whether

text: they

text: make

text: risk

text: related

text: decisions

text: similarly

text: or

text: differently

text: than

text: adults

text: cognitive

text: processing

text: perspective

text: or

text: whether

text: they

text: use

text: the

text: same

text: processes

text: but

text: value

text: different

text: things

text: and

text: thus

text: arrive

text: at

text: different

text: conclusions

text: The

text: behavioral

text: decision

text: making

text: theory

text: proposes

text: that

text: adolescents

text: and

text: adults

text: both

text: weigh

text: the

text: potential

text: rewards

text: and

text: consequences

text: of

text: an

text: action

text: However

text: research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: adolescents

text: seem

text: to

text: give

text: more

text: weight

text: to

text: rewards

text: particularly

text: social

text: rewards

text: than

text: do

text: adults

question: Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what?

answer: risky behavior

text: risky behavior

question: Do adolescents or adults seem to give more weight to rewards?

answer: adolescents

text: adolescents

question: Do adolescents, adults, or both weight the potential rewards and consequences of an action?

answer: both

text: both

question: Which theory proposes that adults and adolescents both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action?

answer: behavioral decision-making theory

text: behavioral decision-making theory


text: Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Adventurer

text: and

text: poet

text: Luís

text: de

text: Camões

text: c.

text: wrote

text: the

text: epic

text: poem

text: Os

text: Lusíadas

text: The

text: Lusiads

text: with

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: Aeneid

text: as

text: his

text: main

text: influence

text: Modern

text: Portuguese

text: poetry

text: is

text: rooted

text: in

text: neoclassic

text: and

text: contemporary

text: styles

text: as

text: exemplified

text: by

text: Fernando

text: Pessoa

text: Modern

text: Portuguese

text: literature

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: authors

text: such

text: as

text: Almeida

text: Garrett

text: Camilo

text: Castelo

text: Branco

text: Eça

text: de

text: Queiroz

text: Fernando

text: Pessoa

text: Sophia

text: de

text: Mello

text: Breyner

text: Andresen

text: António

text: Lobo

text: Antunes

text: and

text: Miguel

text: Torga

text: Particularly

text: popular

text: and

text: distinguished

text: is

text: José

text: Saramago

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Literature

question: Who was Luís de Camões?

answer: Adventurer and poet

text: Adventurer and poet

question: What epic poem did Luís de Camões write?

answer: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)

text: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)

question: What was Luís de Camões main influence?

answer: Virgil's Aeneid

text: Virgil's Aeneid

question: What styles are modern Portuguese poetry rooted in?

answer: neoclassic and contemporary styles

text: neoclassic and contemporary styles

question: Who are some modern Portuguese authors?

answer: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga

text: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga


text: For two and a half centuries from the mid 13th, the politics in the Northern India was dominated by the Delhi Sultanate and in the Southern India by the Vijayanagar Empire which originated as a political heir of the erstwhile Hoysala Empire and Pandyan Empire. However, there were other regional powers present as well. In the North, the Rajputs were a dominant force in the Western and Central India. Their power reached to the zenith under Rana Sanga during whose time Rajput armies were constantly victorious against the Sultanate army. In the South, the Bahmani Sultanate was the chief rival of the Vijaynagara and gave Vijayanagara tough days many a times. In the early 16th century Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire defeated the last remnant of Bahmani Sultanate power after which the Bahmani Sultanate collapsed. It was established either by a Brahman convert or patronized by a Brahman and form that source it got the name Bahmani. In the early 16th century, it collapsed and got split into five small Deccan sultanates. In the East, the Gajapati Kingdom remained a strong regional power to reckon with, so was the Ahom Kingdom in the North-east for six centuries.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: For

text: two

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: centuries

text: from

text: the

text: mid

text: the

text: politics

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: India

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Sultanate

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: India

text: by

text: the

text: Vijayanagar

text: Empire

text: which

text: originated

text: as

text: a

text: political

text: heir

text: of

text: the

text: erstwhile

text: Hoysala

text: Empire

text: and

text: Pandyan

text: Empire

text: However

text: there

text: were

text: other

text: regional

text: powers

text: present

text: as

text: well

text: In

text: the

text: North

text: the

text: Rajputs

text: were

text: a

text: dominant

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: and

text: Central

text: India

text: Their

text: power

text: reached

text: to

text: the

text: zenith

text: under

text: Rana

text: Sanga

text: during

text: whose

text: time

text: Rajput

text: armies

text: were

text: constantly

text: victorious

text: against

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: army

text: In

text: the

text: South

text: the

text: Bahmani

text: Sultanate

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: rival

text: of

text: the

text: Vijaynagara

text: and

text: gave

text: Vijayanagara

text: tough

text: days

text: many

text: a

text: times

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Krishnadevaraya

text: of

text: the

text: Vijayanagara

text: Empire

text: defeated

text: the

text: last

text: remnant

text: of

text: Bahmani

text: Sultanate

text: power

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: Bahmani

text: Sultanate

text: collapsed

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: either

text: by

text: a

text: Brahman

text: convert

text: or

text: patronized

text: by

text: a

text: Brahman

text: and

text: form

text: that

text: source

text: it

text: got

text: the

text: name

text: Bahmani

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: it

text: collapsed

text: and

text: got

text: split

text: into

text: five

text: small

text: Deccan

text: sultanates

text: In

text: the

text: East

text: the

text: Gajapati

text: Kingdom

text: remained

text: a

text: strong

text: regional

text: power

text: to

text: reckon

text: with

text: so

text: was

text: the

text: Ahom

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: east

text: for

text: six

text: centuries

question: From the mid 13th century, what dominated politics in northern India?

answer: Delhi Sultanate

text: Delhi Sultanate

question: What empire dominated in the south of India in the 13th century?

answer: Vijayanagar Empire

text: Vijayanagar Empire

question: What group dominated in western and central India at the start of the 13th century?

answer: Rajputs

text: Rajputs

question: Gajapati Kingdom was powerful in the east for how many centuries?

answer: six centuries

text: six centuries

question: What empire beat the last Bahmani Sultanate?

answer: Vijayanagara Empire

text: Vijayanagara Empire


text: According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang "was under control," and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Founding Emperor, the Hongwu Emperor issued an edict granting the title "Initiation State Master" to Sagya Gyaincain, while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin, statues of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and sarira.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: According

text: to

text: Chen

text: the

text: Ming

text: officer

text: of

text: Hezhou

text: modern

text: day

text: Linxia

text: informed

text: the

text: Hongwu

text: Emperor

text: that

text: the

text: general

text: situation

text: in

text: Dbus

text: and

text: Gtsang

text: was

text: under

text: control

text: and

text: so

text: he

text: suggested

text: to

text: the

text: emperor

text: that

text: he

text: offer

text: the

text: second

text: Phagmodru

text: ruler

text: Jamyang

text: Shakya

text: Gyaltsen

text: an

text: official

text: title

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Records

text: of

text: the

text: Founding

text: Emperor

text: the

text: Hongwu

text: Emperor

text: issued

text: an

text: edict

text: granting

text: the

text: title

text: Initiation

text: State

text: Master

text: to

text: Sagya

text: Gyaincain

text: while

text: the

text: latter

text: sent

text: envoys

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: to

text: hand

text: over

text: his

text: jade

text: seal

text: of

text: authority

text: along

text: with

text: tribute

text: of

text: colored

text: silk

text: and

text: satin

text: statues

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: Buddhist

text: scriptures

text: and

text: sarira

question: Who did the Hongwu Emperor grant the title Initiation State Master to?

answer: Sagya Gyaincain

text: Sagya Gyaincain

question: Who suggested to the emperor that an official title be granted to second Phagmodru ruler?

answer: the Ming officer of Hezhou

text: the Ming officer of Hezhou

question: Who was the second Phagmodru ruler?

answer: Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen

text: Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen

question: Who told the emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang were under control?

answer: the Ming officer of Hezhou

text: the Ming officer of Hezhou

question: Where were the envoys sent?

answer: to the Ming court

text: to the Ming court


text: Not all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery. In other parts of the world, such as Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, independent domestication events led to their own regionally distinctive Neolithic cultures that arose completely independent of those in Europe and Southwest Asia. Early Japanese societies and other East Asian cultures used pottery before developing agriculture.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: Not

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: cultural

text: elements

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: appeared

text: everywhere

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: order

text: the

text: earliest

text: farming

text: societies

text: in

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: did

text: not

text: use

text: pottery

text: In

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: such

text: as

text: Africa

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: independent

text: domestication

text: events

text: led

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: regionally

text: distinctive

text: Neolithic

text: cultures

text: that

text: arose

text: completely

text: independent

text: of

text: those

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: Early

text: Japanese

text: societies

text: and

text: other

text: East

text: Asian

text: cultures

text: used

text: pottery

text: before

text: developing

text: agriculture

question: What objects were not used by early farm societies in the Near East ?

answer: pottery

text: pottery

question: What did the use of pottery help early Japanese societies develop?

answer: agriculture

text: agriculture

question: What trend led to parts of the world developing their own local Neolithic cultures?

answer: independent domestication events

text: independent domestication events

question: What objects were not used by early farm societies in Africa?

text: pottery

question: What did the use of pottery help early African societies develop?

text: agriculture

question: What trend led to parts of the world developing their own African cultures?

text: independent domestication events

question: Who used pottery before developing events?

question: Where did independent domestication events lead to their own cultures?

text: Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia


text: Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field (Santa Monica Airport) for the Douglas Aircraft Company. In 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes made it back, after having covered 27,553 miles (44,342 km) in 175 days, and were greeted on their return September 23, 1924, by a crowd of 200,000 (generously estimated). The Douglas Company (later McDonnell Douglas) kept facilities in the city until the 1960s.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: Donald

text: Wills

text: Douglas

text: Sr

text: built

text: a

text: plant

text: in

text: at

text: Clover

text: Field

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Airport

text: for

text: the

text: Douglas

text: Aircraft

text: Company

text: In

text: four

text: Douglas

text: built

text: planes

text: took

text: off

text: from

text: Clover

text: Field

text: to

text: attempt

text: the

text: first

text: aerial

text: circumnavigation

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Two

text: planes

text: made

text: it

text: back

text: after

text: having

text: covered

text: miles

text: km

text: in

text: days

text: and

text: were

text: greeted

text: on

text: their

text: return

text: September

text: by

text: a

text: crowd

text: of

text: generously

text: estimated

text: The

text: Douglas

text: Company

text: later

text: McDonnell

text: Douglas

text: kept

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: until

text: the

question: Who built a plant in Clover field?

answer: Donald Wills Douglas, Sr

text: Donald Wills Douglas, Sr

question: What company was the structure at Clover Field for?

answer: Douglas Aircraft

text: Douglas Aircraft

question: What did Clover Field built airplanes attempt the first of?

answer: aerial circumnavigation of the world

text: aerial circumnavigation of the world

question: The Douglas Company had facilities in Santa Monica through what decade?

answer: 1960s

question: How Many Planes returned from the circumnavigation in 1924?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: In what year was Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. born?

question: How many people worked for the Douglas Company?

question: In what year was the Douglas Company renamed as McDonnell Douglas?

question: Who was one of the pilots that flew four Douglas-built planes attempting the first aerial circumnavigation of the world?

text: Donald Wills Douglas, Sr

question: In what decade did Donald Wills Douglas, Jr. die?


text: Prior to the designation of immunity from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for "exempt"; early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system. The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver. When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: designation

text: of

text: immunity

text: from

text: the

text: etymological

text: root

text: immunis

text: which

text: is

text: Latin

text: for

text: exempt

text: early

text: physicians

text: characterized

text: organs

text: that

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: proven

text: as

text: essential

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: The

text: important

text: lymphoid

text: organs

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: are

text: the

text: thymus

text: and

text: bone

text: marrow

text: and

text: chief

text: lymphatic

text: tissues

text: such

text: as

text: spleen

text: tonsils

text: lymph

text: vessels

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: adenoids

text: and

text: liver

text: When

text: health

text: conditions

text: worsen

text: to

text: emergency

text: status

text: portions

text: of

text: immune

text: system

text: organs

text: including

text: the

text: thymus

text: spleen

text: bone

text: marrow

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: and

text: other

text: lymphatic

text: tissues

text: can

text: be

text: surgically

text: excised

text: for

text: examination

text: while

text: patients

text: are

text: still

text: alive

question: The term immunology is derived from a Latin word that means what?

answer: exempt

text: exempt

question: What are the major organs of the immune system?

answer: thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver

text: thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver

question: Who originally discovered these parts of the immune system?

answer: early physicians

text: early physicians

question: How do physicians study a patient's immune system organs in emergency situations?

answer: surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive

text: surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive

question: Which portions of the immune system can be safely removed in these emergency cases?

answer: thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues

text: thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues


text: After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square. Charles Terry and John Low remained at the original landing location and reestablished their old land claim and called it "New York", but renamed "New York Alki" in April 1853, from a Chinook word meaning, roughly, "by and by" or "someday". For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, but in time Alki was abandoned and its residents moved across the bay to join the rest of the settlers.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: After

text: a

text: difficult

text: winter

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Denny

text: Party

text: relocated

text: across

text: Elliott

text: Bay

text: and

text: claimed

text: land

text: a

text: second

text: time

text: at

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Pioneer

text: Square

text: Charles

text: Terry

text: and

text: John

text: Low

text: remained

text: at

text: the

text: original

text: landing

text: location

text: and

text: reestablished

text: their

text: old

text: land

text: claim

text: and

text: called

text: it

text: New

text: York

text: but

text: renamed

text: New

text: York

text: Alki

text: in

text: April

text: from

text: a

text: Chinook

text: word

text: meaning

text: roughly

text: by

text: and

text: by

text: or

text: someday

text: For

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: years

text: New

text: York

text: Alki

text: and

text: Duwamps

text: competed

text: for

text: dominance

text: but

text: in

text: time

text: Alki

text: was

text: abandoned

text: and

text: its

text: residents

text: moved

text: across

text: the

text: bay

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: settlers

question: What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square?

answer: Denny Party

text: Denny Party

question: by what name did Charles Terry and John Low first name their settlement?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: What was the Chinook enhanced name of Terry and Low's settlement?

answer: New York Alki

text: New York Alki

question: What site was eventually abandoned when the settlers moved back in with Denny?

answer: New York Alki

text: New York Alki

question: When was New York Alki established?

answer: April 1853

text: April 1853


text: There is no universally accepted criterion for distinguishing two different languages from two dialects (i.e. varieties) of the same language. A number of rough measures exist, sometimes leading to contradictory results. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the user's frame of reference. For example, there is discussion about if the Limón Creole English must be considered as "a kind" of English or a different language. This creole is spoken in the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (Central America) by descendant of Jamaican people. The position that Costa Rican linguists support depends on the University they belong.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: universally

text: accepted

text: criterion

text: for

text: distinguishing

text: two

text: different

text: languages

text: from

text: two

text: dialects

text: i.e.

text: varieties

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: language

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: rough

text: measures

text: exist

text: sometimes

text: leading

text: to

text: contradictory

text: results

text: The

text: distinction

text: is

text: therefore

text: subjective

text: and

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: user

text: 's

text: frame

text: of

text: reference

text: For

text: example

text: there

text: is

text: discussion

text: about

text: if

text: the

text: Limón

text: Creole

text: English

text: must

text: be

text: considered

text: as

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: English

text: or

text: a

text: different

text: language

text: This

text: creole

text: is

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: coast

text: of

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: Central

text: America

text: by

text: descendant

text: of

text: Jamaican

text: people

text: The

text: position

text: that

text: Costa

text: Rican

text: linguists

text: support

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: University

text: they

text: belong

question: In what country is Limón Creole English spoken?

answer: Costa Rica

text: Costa Rica

question: On what coast of Costa Rica is Limón Creole English spoken?

answer: Caribbean

text: Caribbean

question: Speakers of Limón Creole English are descended from people of what nationality?

answer: Jamaican

text: Jamaican

question: How many universally accepted criterion for distinguishing between two languages from two dialects are there?

question: Where is Jamaican Creole spoken?

text: Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (

question: Who speaks Costa Rican Creole?

text: descendant of Jamaican people

question: What does the position which Costa Rican linguists oppose depend on?

text: the University they belong.

question: What does the position which Jamaican linguists support depend on?

text: the University they belong.


text: Through most of Shell's early history, the Shell Oil Company business in the United States was substantially independent with its stock being traded on the NYSE and with little direct involvement from the group's central offices in the running of the American business. However, in 1984, Royal Dutch Shell made a bid to purchase those shares of Shell Oil Company it did not own (around 30%) and despite opposition from some minority shareholders, which led to a court case, Shell completed the buyout for a sum of $5.7 billion.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: Through

text: most

text: of

text: Shell

text: 's

text: early

text: history

text: the

text: Shell

text: Oil

text: Company

text: business

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: substantially

text: independent

text: with

text: its

text: stock

text: being

text: traded

text: on

text: the

text: NYSE

text: and

text: with

text: little

text: direct

text: involvement

text: from

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: central

text: offices

text: in

text: the

text: running

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: business

text: However

text: in

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Shell

text: made

text: a

text: bid

text: to

text: purchase

text: those

text: shares

text: of

text: Shell

text: Oil

text: Company

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: own

text: around

text: and

text: despite

text: opposition

text: from

text: some

text: minority

text: shareholders

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: court

text: case

text: Shell

text: completed

text: the

text: buyout

text: for

text: a

text: sum

text: of

text: billion

question: Shell Oil Company's United States business throughout its early history is described as what?

answer: substantially independent

text: substantially independent

question: On which exchange was Shell Oil Company's U.S. stock historically traded?

answer: the NYSE

text: the NYSE

question: Shell Oil Company historically had little direct involvement from what entity in the running of its American businesses?

answer: the group's central offices

text: the group's central offices

question: In what year did Royal Dutch Shell make a bid to purchase approximately 30% of Shell Oil Company's shares?

answer: 1984

question: What did Royal Dutch Shell's bid to purchase Shell Oil Company's shares lead to?

answer: a court case

text: a court case

question: Shell's early history involved a lot of involvement from what?

text: the group's central offices

question: What percentage of the Shell Oil Company did Royal Dutch Shell own in 1984?

question: How much did the court case cost?

text: $5.7 billion

question: When did Royal Dutch Shell try to sell its shares?

question: Who approved of the Royal Dutch shell buyout?

text: minority shareholders


text: Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, besides Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. The art of Ottoman decoration developed with a multitude of influences due to the wide ethnic range of the Ottoman Empire. The greatest of the court artists enriched the Ottoman Empire with many pluralistic artistic influences: such as mixing traditional Byzantine art with elements of Chinese art.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Examples

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: architecture

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: besides

text: Istanbul

text: and

text: Edirne

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Eritrea

text: Tunisia

text: Algiers

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: Romania

text: where

text: mosques

text: bridges

text: fountains

text: and

text: schools

text: were

text: built

text: The

text: art

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: decoration

text: developed

text: with

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: influences

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: wide

text: ethnic

text: range

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: greatest

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: artists

text: enriched

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: with

text: many

text: pluralistic

text: artistic

text: influences

text: such

text: as

text: mixing

text: traditional

text: Byzantine

text: art

text: with

text: elements

text: of

text: Chinese

text: art

question: Ottoman artists mixed Chinese art with the art of what else?

answer: traditional Byzantine art

text: traditional Byzantine art

question: The ottoman empire built structures in Romania that included Mosques, and Bridges, what else was built?

answer: fountains and schools

text: fountains and schools

question: Why did the art of the Ottoman empire develop the way it did?

answer: the wide ethnic range of the Ottoman Empire

text: the wide ethnic range of the Ottoman Empire

question: Beside Edirne, Istanbul, and Egypt what other locations can one find the influence of the Ottoman classical period?

answer: Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania

text: Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania


text: The United States Army maintains the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll. Marshallese land owners receive rent for the base.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: maintains

text: the

text: Ronald

text: Reagan

text: Ballistic

text: Missile

text: Defense

text: Test

text: Site

text: on

text: Kwajalein

text: Atoll

text: Marshallese

text: land

text: owners

text: receive

text: rent

text: for

text: the

text: base

question: On what atoll is a missile test facility based?

answer: Kwajalein Atoll

text: Kwajalein Atoll

question: Who is the missile test facility named after?

answer: Ronald Reagan

text: Ronald Reagan

question: What is the official name of the missile test facility?

answer: Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site

text: Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site

question: What organization operates the missile test site?

answer: United States Army

text: United States Army


text: Dr. Alexander Graham Bell was buried atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain, on his estate where he had resided increasingly for the last 35 years of his life, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. He was survived by his wife Mabel, his two daughters, Elsie May and Marian, and nine of his grandchildren.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Dr.

text: Alexander

text: Graham

text: Bell

text: was

text: buried

text: atop

text: Beinn

text: Bhreagh

text: mountain

text: on

text: his

text: estate

text: where

text: he

text: had

text: resided

text: increasingly

text: for

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: overlooking

text: Bras

text: d'Or

text: Lake

text: He

text: was

text: survived

text: by

text: his

text: wife

text: Mabel

text: his

text: two

text: daughters

text: Elsie

text: May

text: and

text: Marian

text: and

text: nine

text: of

text: his

text: grandchildren

question: Where was Bell buried?

answer: atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain

text: atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain

question: Bell's living daughters were named Elsie May and what?

answer: Marian

text: Marian

question: Over how many years did Bell spend a great deal of time at Beinn Bhreagh?

answer: 35


text: For English Dominican mystics, the mystical experience was not expressed just in one moment of the full knowledge of God, but in the journey of, or process of, faith. This then led to an understanding that was directed toward an experiential knowledge of divinity. It is important to understand, however, that for these mystics it was possible to pursue mystical life without the visions and voices that are usually associated with such a relationship with God. They experienced a mystical process that allowed them, in the end, to experience what they had already gained knowledge of through their faith only.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: For

text: English

text: Dominican

text: mystics

text: the

text: mystical

text: experience

text: was

text: not

text: expressed

text: just

text: in

text: one

text: moment

text: of

text: the

text: full

text: knowledge

text: of

text: God

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: journey

text: of

text: or

text: process

text: of

text: faith

text: This

text: then

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: understanding

text: that

text: was

text: directed

text: toward

text: an

text: experiential

text: knowledge

text: of

text: divinity

text: It

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: understand

text: however

text: that

text: for

text: these

text: mystics

text: it

text: was

text: possible

text: to

text: pursue

text: mystical

text: life

text: without

text: the

text: visions

text: and

text: voices

text: that

text: are

text: usually

text: associated

text: with

text: such

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: God

text: They

text: experienced

text: a

text: mystical

text: process

text: that

text: allowed

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: to

text: experience

text: what

text: they

text: had

text: already

text: gained

text: knowledge

text: of

text: through

text: their

text: faith

text: only

question: What was so important to English mystics?

answer: the journey of, or process of, faith

text: the journey of, or process of, faith

question: The process of faith leads one to what?

answer: knowledge of divinity

text: knowledge of divinity

question: What did the English Dominican mystics not require in their work?

answer: visions and voices

text: visions and voices

question: What did the English Order of Dominicans believe was the only thing they needed?

answer: faith

text: faith

question: What was not important to English mystics?

text: the journey of, or process of, faith

question: What does the process of faith not led one to?

text: knowledge of divinity

question: What was not possible for English Dominican mystics?

question: What did English Dominican mystics not experience?

question: What the one thing that the English Order of Dominican believe they did not need?

text: faith


text: On 22 May 2015, Sun reporter Anthony France was found guilty of aiding and abetting misconduct in a public office between 2008 and 2011. France’s trial followed the London Metropolitan Police's Operation Elveden, an ongoing investigation into alleged payments to police and officials in exchange for information. He had paid a total of more than £22,000 to PC Timothy Edwards, an anti-terrorism police officer based at Heathrow Airport. The police officer had already pleaded guilty to misconduct in a public office and given a two-year gaol sentence in 2014, but the jury in France’s trial was not informed of this. Following the passing of the guilty verdict, the officer leading Operation Elveden, Detective Chief Superintendent Gordon Briggs said France and Edwards had been in a "long-term, corrupt relationship".

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: May

text: Sun

text: reporter

text: Anthony

text: France

text: was

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: aiding

text: and

text: abetting

text: misconduct

text: in

text: a

text: public

text: office

text: between

text: and

text: France

text: ’s

text: trial

text: followed

text: the

text: London

text: Metropolitan

text: Police

text: 's

text: Operation

text: Elveden

text: an

text: ongoing

text: investigation

text: into

text: alleged

text: payments

text: to

text: police

text: and

text: officials

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: information

text: He

text: had

text: paid

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: to

text: PC

text: Timothy

text: Edwards

text: an

text: anti

text: terrorism

text: police

text: officer

text: based

text: at

text: Heathrow

text: Airport

text: The

text: police

text: officer

text: had

text: already

text: pleaded

text: guilty

text: to

text: misconduct

text: in

text: a

text: public

text: office

text: and

text: given

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: gaol

text: sentence

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: jury

text: in

text: France

text: ’s

text: trial

text: was

text: not

text: informed

text: of

text: this

text: Following

text: the

text: passing

text: of

text: the

text: guilty

text: verdict

text: the

text: officer

text: leading

text: Operation

text: Elveden

text: Detective

text: Chief

text: Superintendent

text: Gordon

text: Briggs

text: said

text: France

text: and

text: Edwards

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: corrupt

text: relationship

question: Who was found guilty in 2015?

answer: Anthony France

text: Anthony France

question: Which Sun reporter was found guilty in 2015?

answer: Anthony France

text: Anthony France

question: Who was responsible for Operation Elveden?

answer: London Metropolitan Police

text: London Metropolitan Police

question: How much did Anthony France pay to a police officer?

answer: more than £22,000

text: more than £22,000

question: Who was the policeman leading Operation Elveden?

answer: Detective Chief Superintendent Gordon Briggs

text: Detective Chief Superintendent Gordon Briggs

question: How did Briggs characterize the relationship between France and Edwards?

answer: "long-term, corrupt relationship"

text: "long-term, corrupt relationship"


text: Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: Adaptation

text: of

text: the

text: endosymbiont

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: 's

text: lifestyle

text: leads

text: to

text: many

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: endosymbiont

text: the

text: foremost

text: being

text: drastic

text: reduction

text: in

text: its

text: genome

text: size

text: This

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: many

text: genes

text: being

text: lost

text: during

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: metabolism

text: and

text: DNA

text: repair

text: and

text: recombination

text: While

text: important

text: genes

text: participating

text: in

text: the

text: DNA

text: to

text: RNA

text: transcription

text: protein

text: translation

text: and

text: DNA

text: RNA

text: replication

text: are

text: retained

text: That

text: is

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: genome

text: size

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: loss

text: of

text: protein

text: coding

text: genes

text: and

text: not

text: due

text: to

text: lessening

text: of

text: inter

text: genic

text: regions

text: or

text: open

text: reading

text: frame

text: ORF

text: size

text: Thus

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: naturally

text: evolving

text: and

text: contain

text: reduced

text: sizes

text: of

text: genes

text: can

text: be

text: accounted

text: for

text: an

text: increased

text: number

text: of

text: noticeable

text: differences

text: between

text: them

text: thereby

text: leading

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: their

text: evolutionary

text: rates

text: As

text: the

text: endosymbiotic

text: bacteria

text: related

text: with

text: these

text: insects

text: are

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: offspring

text: strictly

text: via

text: vertical

text: genetic

text: transmission

text: intracellular

text: bacteria

text: goes

text: through

text: many

text: hurdles

text: during

text: the

text: process

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: decrease

text: in

text: effective

text: population

text: sizes

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: free

text: living

text: bacteria

text: This

text: incapability

text: of

text: the

text: endosymbiotic

text: bacteria

text: to

text: reinstate

text: its

text: wild

text: type

text: phenotype

text: via

text: a

text: recombination

text: process

text: is

text: called

text: as

text: Muller

text: 's

text: ratchet

text: phenomenon

text: Muller

text: 's

text: ratchet

text: phenomenon

text: together

text: with

text: less

text: effective

text: population

text: sizes

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: accretion

text: of

text: deleterious

text: mutations

text: in

text: the

text: non

text: essential

text: genes

text: of

text: the

text: intracellular

text: bacteria

text: This

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: selection

text: mechanisms

text: prevailing

text: in

text: the

text: rich

text: environment

text: of

text: the

text: host

question: What is the main alteration in an endosymbiont when it adapts to a host?

answer: drastic reduction in its genome size

text: drastic reduction in its genome size

question: What is the term that describes the way the endosymbiont can't go back to its original phenotype?

answer: Muller's ratchet phenomenon

text: Muller's ratchet phenomenon

question: What does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations?

answer: lack of selection mechanisms

text: lack of selection mechanisms

question: What takes place when the host's lifestyle reduces the endosymbiont's genome size?

text: DNA repair

question: What do the insects need for vertical transmission?

text: endosymbiotic bacteria

question: What happens when there is an increase in the effective population sizes for free living bacteria?

text: Muller's ratchet phenomenon

question: What happens when the DNA/RNA replications are retained?

text: recombination


text: To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the European Union, especially with regard to sovereign debt as a percentage of each member state's gross domestic product, are designed to insure that assets offered to the bank as collateral are, at least in theory, all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: To

text: qualify

text: for

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: auctions

text: banks

text: must

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: offer

text: proof

text: of

text: appropriate

text: collateral

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: loans

text: to

text: other

text: entities

text: These

text: can

text: be

text: the

text: public

text: debt

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: but

text: a

text: fairly

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: private

text: banking

text: securities

text: are

text: also

text: accepted

text: The

text: fairly

text: stringent

text: membership

text: requirements

text: for

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: especially

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: sovereign

text: debt

text: as

text: a

text: percentage

text: of

text: each

text: member

text: state

text: 's

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: insure

text: that

text: assets

text: offered

text: to

text: the

text: bank

text: as

text: collateral

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: theory

text: all

text: equally

text: good

text: and

text: all

text: equally

text: protected

text: from

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: inflation

question: How does a bank make sure that they can participate in auctions?

answer: must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities

text: must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities

question: What kind of proof is acceptable for participation in auctions?

answer: public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted

text: public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted

question: What should all assets offered up as collateral be?

answer: all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation

text: all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation

question: What must be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions?

answer: sovereign debt

text: sovereign debt

question: How does a bank make sure that they can't participate in auctions?

question: What kind of proof is unacceptable for participation in auctions?

question: What should no assets offered up as collateral be?

question: What must never be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions?

text: sovereign debt


text: The first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. EA Sports released another AFL video game, titled Arena Football: Road to Glory, on February 21, 2007, for the PlayStation 2.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: The

text: first

text: video

text: game

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: AFL

text: was

text: Arena

text: Football

text: for

text: the

text: released

text: in

text: On

text: May

text: Kurt

text: Warner

text: 's

text: Arena

text: Football

text: Unleashed

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Midway

text: Games

text: for

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: game

text: console

text: On

text: February

text: EA

text: Sports

text: released

text: Arena

text: Football

text: for

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: Xbox

text: EA

text: Sports

text: released

text: another

text: AFL

text: video

text: game

text: titled

text: Arena

text: Football

text: Road

text: to

text: Glory

text: on

text: February

text: for

text: the

text: PlayStation

question: What was the first Arena Football League video game?

answer: Arena Football

text: Arena Football

question: For what system was the first Arena Football League video game released?

answer: the C-64

text: the C-64

question: In what year was the first Arena Football League video game released?

answer: 1988

question: On what date was Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed released?

answer: May 18, 2000

text: May 18, 2000

question: Who made Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed?

answer: Midway Games

text: Midway Games