text: The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation. Raytheon Missile Systems (formerly Hughes Aircraft Co.), Texas Instruments, IBM, Intuit Inc., Universal Avionics, Honeywell Aerospace, Sunquest Information Systems, Sanofi-Aventis, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., and Bombardier Aerospace all have a significant presence in Tucson. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname "Optics Valley".

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Tucson

text: Pima

text: County

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Arizona

text: and

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: have

text: all

text: made

text: commitments

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: growing

text: healthy

text: economy[citation

text: needed

text: with

text: advanced

text: technology

text: industry

text: sectors

text: as

text: its

text: foundation

text: Raytheon

text: Missile

text: Systems

text: formerly

text: Hughes

text: Aircraft

text: Co.

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: IBM

text: Intuit

text: Inc.

text: Universal

text: Avionics

text: Honeywell

text: Aerospace

text: Sunquest

text: Information

text: Systems

text: Sanofi

text: Aventis

text: Ventana

text: Medical

text: Systems

text: Inc.

text: and

text: Bombardier

text: Aerospace

text: all

text: have

text: a

text: significant

text: presence

text: in

text: Tucson

text: Roughly

text: Tucson

text: companies

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: and

text: manufacture

text: of

text: optics

text: and

text: optoelectronics

text: systems

text: earning

text: Tucson

text: the

text: nickname

text: Optics

text: Valley

question: What was Raytheon previously called?

answer: Hughes Aircraft Co.

text: Hughes Aircraft Co.

question: What drug company has a major presence in Tucson?

answer: Sanofi-Aventis

text: Sanofi-Aventis

question: How many optics-related companies are in Tucson?

answer: 150

question: What do the 'Optics Valley' companies do?

answer: design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems

text: design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems

question: What accounting software company has a major presence in Tucson?

answer: Intuit Inc.

text: Intuit Inc.


text: Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to modern scientific thought, as well as Western metaphysics.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

text: provides

text: many

text: opportunities

text: for

text: comparative

text: study

text: with

text: a

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: subjects

text: For

text: example

text: Buddhism

text: 's

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: Middle

text: way

text: not

text: only

text: provides

text: a

text: unique

text: guideline

text: for

text: ethics

text: but

text: has

text: also

text: allowed

text: Buddhism

text: to

text: peacefully

text: coexist

text: with

text: various

text: differing

text: beliefs

text: customs

text: and

text: institutions

text: in

text: countries

text: where

text: it

text: has

text: resided

text: throughout

text: its

text: history

text: Also

text: its

text: moral

text: and

text: spiritual

text: parallels

text: with

text: other

text: systems

text: of

text: thought

text: for

text: example

text: with

text: various

text: tenets

text: of

text: Christianity

text: have

text: been

text: subjects

text: of

text: close

text: study

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: concept

text: of

text: dependent

text: origination

text: has

text: been

text: compared

text: to

text: modern

text: scientific

text: thought

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Western

text: metaphysics

question: What provides chances for comparative study with a large range of subjects?

answer: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

question: Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle Way provides a guideline for what?

answer: ethics

text: ethics

question: Buddism has what kind of parallels withother systems of thought?

answer: moral and spiritual

text: moral and spiritual

question: Buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion?

answer: Christianity

text: Christianity

question: Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought?

answer: scientific

text: scientific


text: Hyderabad's lakes and the sloping terrain of its low-lying hills provide habitat for an assortment of flora and fauna. The forest region in and around the city encompasses areas of ecological and biological importance, which are preserved in the form of national parks, zoos, mini-zoos and a wildlife sanctuary. Nehru Zoological Park, the city's one large zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park. Hyderabad has three national parks (Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park), and the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is about 50 km (31 mi) from the city. Hyderabad's other environmental reserves are: Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens, Shamirpet Lake, Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake, which is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world. Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the Telangana Forest Department, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the Animal Welfare Board of India, the Blue Cross of Hyderabad and the University of Hyderabad.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabad

text: 's

text: lakes

text: and

text: the

text: sloping

text: terrain

text: of

text: its

text: low

text: lying

text: hills

text: provide

text: habitat

text: for

text: an

text: assortment

text: of

text: flora

text: and

text: fauna

text: The

text: forest

text: region

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: encompasses

text: areas

text: of

text: ecological

text: and

text: biological

text: importance

text: which

text: are

text: preserved

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: national

text: parks

text: zoos

text: mini

text: zoos

text: and

text: a

text: wildlife

text: sanctuary

text: Nehru

text: Zoological

text: Park

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: one

text: large

text: zoo

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: India

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: lion

text: and

text: tiger

text: safari

text: park

text: Hyderabad

text: has

text: three

text: national

text: parks

text: Mrugavani

text: National

text: Park

text: Mahavir

text: Harina

text: Vanasthali

text: National

text: Park

text: and

text: Kasu

text: Brahmananda

text: Reddy

text: National

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: Manjira

text: Wildlife

text: Sanctuary

text: is

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: Hyderabad

text: 's

text: other

text: environmental

text: reserves

text: are

text: Kotla

text: Vijayabhaskara

text: Reddy

text: Botanical

text: Gardens

text: Shamirpet

text: Lake

text: Hussain

text: Sagar

text: Fox

text: Sagar

text: Lake

text: Mir

text: Alam

text: Tank

text: and

text: Patancheru

text: Lake

text: which

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: regional

text: birds

text: and

text: attracts

text: seasonal

text: migratory

text: birds

text: from

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Organisations

text: engaged

text: in

text: environmental

text: and

text: wildlife

text: preservation

text: include

text: the

text: Telangana

text: Forest

text: Department

text: Indian

text: Council

text: of

text: Forestry

text: Research

text: and

text: Education

text: the

text: International

text: Crops

text: Research

text: Institute

text: for

text: the

text: Semi

text: Arid

text: Tropics

text: ICRISAT

text: the

text: Animal

text: Welfare

text: Board

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: Blue

text: Cross

text: of

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Hyderabad

question: What is the name of the largest zoo in Hyderabad?

answer: Nehru Zoological Park

text: Nehru Zoological Park

question: Hyderabad's largest zoo is known as India's first to have what two kinds of animals in a safari park setting?

answer: lion and tiger

text: lion and tiger

question: How many national parks does Hyderabad have?

answer: three

text: three

question: Two of the national parks in Hyderabad are Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park, what is the third?

answer: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park

text: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park

question: Which environmental preserve in Hyderabad is known to be a home for migratory birds?

answer: Patancheru Lake

text: Patancheru Lake


text: Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos. The funding and management of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) itself and the MCTES's Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). The largest R&D units of the public universities by volume of research grants and peer-reviewed publications, include biosciences research institutions like the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, the Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, the IPATIMUP, the Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and the Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Scientific

text: and

text: technological

text: research

text: activities

text: in

text: Portugal

text: are

text: mainly

text: conducted

text: within

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: R&D

text: units

text: belonging

text: to

text: public

text: universities

text: and

text: state

text: managed

text: autonomous

text: research

text: institutions

text: like

text: the

text: INETI

text: Instituto

text: Nacional

text: de

text: Engenharia

text: Tecnologia

text: e

text: Inovação

text: and

text: the

text: INRB

text: Instituto

text: Nacional

text: dos

text: Recursos

text: Biológicos

text: The

text: funding

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: this

text: research

text: system

text: is

text: mainly

text: conducted

text: under

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Science

text: Technology

text: and

text: Higher

text: Education

text: MCTES

text: itself

text: and

text: the

text: MCTES

text: 's

text: Fundação

text: para

text: a

text: Ciência

text: e

text: Tecnologia

text: FCT

text: The

text: largest

text: R&D

text: units

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: universities

text: by

text: volume

text: of

text: research

text: grants

text: and

text: peer

text: reviewed

text: publications

text: include

text: biosciences

text: research

text: institutions

text: like

text: the

text: Instituto

text: de

text: Medicina

text: Molecular

text: the

text: Centre

text: for

text: Neuroscience

text: and

text: Cell

text: Biology

text: the

text: IPATIMUP

text: the

text: Instituto

text: de

text: Biologia

text: Molecular

text: e

text: Celular

text: and

text: the

text: Abel

text: Salazar

text: Biomedical

text: Sciences

text: Institute

question: In what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in Portugal?

answer: R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions

text: R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions

question: What is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution?

answer: INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação

text: INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação

question: By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system?

answer: Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)

text: Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)


text: Several other types of capacitor are available for specialist applications. Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely high capacitance (up to 5 kF as of 2010[update]) and can be used in some applications instead of rechargeable batteries. Alternating current capacitors are specifically designed to work on line (mains) voltage AC power circuits. They are commonly used in electric motor circuits and are often designed to handle large currents, so they tend to be physically large. They are usually ruggedly packaged, often in metal cases that can be easily grounded/earthed. They also are designed with direct current breakdown voltages of at least five times the maximum AC voltage.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Several

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: capacitor

text: are

text: available

text: for

text: specialist

text: applications

text: Supercapacitors

text: store

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: energy

text: Supercapacitors

text: made

text: from

text: carbon

text: aerogel

text: carbon

text: nanotubes

text: or

text: highly

text: porous

text: electrode

text: materials

text: offer

text: extremely

text: high

text: capacitance

text: up

text: to

text: kF

text: as

text: of

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: applications

text: instead

text: of

text: rechargeable

text: batteries

text: Alternating

text: current

text: capacitors

text: are

text: specifically

text: designed

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: line

text: mains

text: voltage

text: AC

text: power

text: circuits

text: They

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: electric

text: motor

text: circuits

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: designed

text: to

text: handle

text: large

text: currents

text: so

text: they

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: physically

text: large

text: They

text: are

text: usually

text: ruggedly

text: packaged

text: often

text: in

text: metal

text: cases

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: easily

text: grounded

text: earthed

text: They

text: also

text: are

text: designed

text: with

text: direct

text: current

text: breakdown

text: voltages

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: five

text: times

text: the

text: maximum

text: AC

text: voltage

question: What is the main feature of a supercapacitor?

answer: Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy

text: Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy

question: What is one type of material with which a supercapacitor may be constructed?

answer: carbon nanotubes

text: carbon nanotubes

question: As of 2010, what is the highest capacitance a supercapacitor has achieved?

answer: up to 5 kF

text: up to 5 kF

question: What type of capacitor is commonly used in electric motor circuits?

answer: Alternating current capacitors

text: Alternating current capacitors

question: How many times the maximum AC voltage are AC capacitors designed to withstand?

answer: at least five times the maximum AC voltage

text: at least five times the maximum AC voltage

question: What is the main feature of a non-supercapacitor?

text: store large amounts of energy

question: What is one type of material with which a supercapacitor may not be constructed?

text: carbon nanotubes

question: As of 2010, what is the lowest capacitance a supercapacitor has achieved?

text: 5 kF

question: What type of capacitor is never used in electric motor circuits?

text: Alternating current capacitors

question: How many times the minimum AC voltage are AC capacitors designed to withstand?

text: at least five times the maximum AC


text: For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book American Idol: The Untold Story, said, "You have this alliance between young girls and grandmas and they see it, not necessarily as a contest to create a pop star competing on the contemporary radio, but as .... who's the nicest guy in a popularity contest," he says, "And that has led to this dynasty of four, and possibly now five, consecutive, affable, very nice, good-looking white boys."

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: For

text: five

text: consecutive

text: seasons

text: starting

text: in

text: season

text: seven

text: the

text: title

text: was

text: given

text: to

text: a

text: white

text: male

text: who

text: plays

text: the

text: guitar

text: a

text: trend

text: that

text: Idol

text: pundits

text: call

text: the

text: White

text: guy

text: with

text: guitar

text: or

text: WGWG

text: factor

text: Just

text: hours

text: before

text: the

text: season

text: eleven

text: finale

text: where

text: Phillip

text: Phillips

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: winner

text: Richard

text: Rushfield

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: American

text: Idol

text: The

text: Untold

text: Story

text: said

text: You

text: have

text: this

text: alliance

text: between

text: young

text: girls

text: and

text: grandmas

text: and

text: they

text: see

text: it

text: not

text: necessarily

text: as

text: a

text: contest

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: pop

text: star

text: competing

text: on

text: the

text: contemporary

text: radio

text: but

text: as

text: who

text: 's

text: the

text: nicest

text: guy

text: in

text: a

text: popularity

text: contest

text: he

text: says

text: And

text: that

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: this

text: dynasty

text: of

text: four

text: and

text: possibly

text: now

text: five

text: consecutive

text: affable

text: very

text: nice

text: good

text: looking

text: white

text: boys

question: What does the acronym WGWG stand for?

answer: White guy with guitar

text: White guy with guitar

question: Who won season eleven of American Idol?

answer: Phillip Phillips

text: Phillip Phillips

question: What is the name of the book written by Richard Rushfield about American Idol?

answer: American Idol: The Untold Story

text: American Idol: The Untold Story

question: How many seasons in a row were won by caucasian guitar playing males?

answer: five

text: five

question: What instrument did the winners for five seasons in a row play?

answer: guitar

text: guitar

question: What is the WGWG factor?

answer: White guy with guitar

text: White guy with guitar

question: Who wrote American Idol: The Untold Story?

answer: Richard Rushfield

text: Richard Rushfield

question: Who was named the winner of Season 11?

answer: Phillip Phillips

text: Phillip Phillips


text: Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: a

text: volcanic

text: island

text: fully

text: encircled

text: by

text: shallow

text: reefs

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: Jan.

text: estimate

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Gustavia[citation

text: needed

text: which

text: also

text: contains

text: the

text: main

text: harbour

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: Caribbean

text: island

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: Swedish

text: colony

text: for

text: any

text: significant

text: length

text: of

text: time

text: Guadeloupe

text: was

text: under

text: Swedish

text: rule

text: only

text: briefly

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: Symbolism

text: from

text: the

text: Swedish

text: national

text: arms

text: the

text: Three

text: Crowns

text: still

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: The

text: language

text: cuisine

text: and

text: culture

text: however

text: are

text: distinctly

text: French

text: The

text: island

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destination

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: holiday

text: season

text: especially

text: for

text: the

text: rich

text: and

text: famous

text: during

text: the

text: Christmas

text: and

text: new

text: year

text: period

question: What kind of island is St. Barts?

answer: volcanic

text: volcanic

question: What is the population of St. Barts?

answer: 9,035

question: What is the capital of St. Barts?

answer: Gustavia

text: Gustavia

question: What country besides France had colonies on the island for a substantial period of time?

answer: Swedish

text: Swedish

question: When is the busiest time for tourism in St. Barts?

answer: the winter holiday season

text: the winter holiday season

question: In what year did Guadeloupe fall under Swedish rule briefly?

question: How many people lived in the Swedish colony?

question: How many tourists visit Saint Barthelemy each year?

question: How many people lived in Gustavia as of 2011?

question: What was France's national arms?

text: the Three Crowns


text: Regular script typefaces are also commonly used, but not as common as Ming or sans-serif typefaces for body text. Regular script typefaces are often used to teach students Chinese characters, and often aim to match the standard forms of the region where they are meant to be used. Most typefaces in the Song dynasty were regular script typefaces which resembled a particular person's handwriting (e.g. the handwriting of Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, or Liu Gongquan), while most modern regular script typefaces tend toward anonymity and regularity.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Regular

text: script

text: typefaces

text: are

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: but

text: not

text: as

text: common

text: as

text: Ming

text: or

text: sans

text: serif

text: typefaces

text: for

text: body

text: text

text: Regular

text: script

text: typefaces

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: teach

text: students

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: and

text: often

text: aim

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: standard

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: Most

text: typefaces

text: in

text: the

text: Song

text: dynasty

text: were

text: regular

text: script

text: typefaces

text: which

text: resembled

text: a

text: particular

text: person

text: 's

text: handwriting

text: e.g.

text: the

text: handwriting

text: of

text: Ouyang

text: Xun

text: Yan

text: Zhenqing

text: or

text: Liu

text: Gongquan

text: while

text: most

text: modern

text: regular

text: script

text: typefaces

text: tend

text: toward

text: anonymity

text: and

text: regularity

question: What are commonly used?

answer: Regular script typefaces

text: Regular script typefaces

question: What are often used to teach students Chinese characters?

answer: Regular script typefaces

text: Regular script typefaces

question: What resembles an actual person's handwriting?

answer: handwriting of Ouyang Xun

text: handwriting of Ouyang Xun


text: Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some American comic strips. 1900 saw the debut of the Jiji Manga in the Jiji Shinpō newspaper—the first use of the word "manga" in its modern sense, and where, in 1902, Rakuten Kitazawa began the first modern Japanese comic strip. By the 1930s, comic strips were serialized in large-circulation monthly girls' and boys' magazine and collected into hardback volumes.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Illustrated

text: magazines

text: for

text: Western

text: expatriates

text: introduced

text: Western

text: style

text: satirical

text: cartoons

text: to

text: Japan

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: New

text: publications

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Western

text: and

text: Japanese

text: styles

text: became

text: popular

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: style

text: newspaper

text: comics

text: supplements

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: Japan

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: American

text: comic

text: strips

text: saw

text: the

text: debut

text: of

text: the

text: Jiji

text: Manga

text: in

text: the

text: Jiji

text: Shinpō

text: newspaper

text: the

text: first

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: manga

text: in

text: its

text: modern

text: sense

text: and

text: where

text: in

text: Rakuten

text: Kitazawa

text: began

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: Japanese

text: comic

text: strip

text: By

text: the

text: comic

text: strips

text: were

text: serialized

text: in

text: large

text: circulation

text: monthly

text: girls

text: and

text: boys

text: magazine

text: and

text: collected

text: into

text: hardback

text: volumes

question: When did comic supplements start showing up in Japan?

answer: 1890s

question: Who introduced satirical strips to Japan?

answer: Western expatriates

text: Western expatriates

question: When did Jiji Manga debut?

answer: 1900

question: Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times?

answer: Rakuten Kitazawa

text: Rakuten Kitazawa

question: When did comic strips start appearing in hardback collection volumes?

answer: 1930s

question: When did comic supplements stop showing up in Japan?

question: When did comic supplements start showing up in China?

question: Who never introduced satirical strips to Japan?

text: Western expatriates

question: When did Jiji Manga end?

question: Who started the last Japanese comic strip in modern times?

text: Rakuten Kitazawa


text: The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish). The standard language, based on the Moscow dialect, possesses heavy stress and moderate variation in pitch. Stressed vowels are somewhat lengthened, while unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa. (See also: vowel reduction in Russian.)

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: The

text: language

text: possesses

text: five

text: vowels

text: or

text: six

text: under

text: the

text: St.

text: Petersburg

text: Phonological

text: School

text: which

text: are

text: written

text: with

text: different

text: letters

text: depending

text: on

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: the

text: preceding

text: consonant

text: is

text: palatalized

text: The

text: consonants

text: typically

text: come

text: in

text: plain

text: vs.

text: palatalized

text: pairs

text: which

text: are

text: traditionally

text: called

text: hard

text: and

text: soft

text: The

text: hard

text: consonants

text: are

text: often

text: velarized

text: especially

text: before

text: front

text: vowels

text: as

text: in

text: Irish

text: The

text: standard

text: language

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Moscow

text: dialect

text: possesses

text: heavy

text: stress

text: and

text: moderate

text: variation

text: in

text: pitch

text: Stressed

text: vowels

text: are

text: somewhat

text: lengthened

text: while

text: unstressed

text: vowels

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: reduced

text: to

text: near

text: close

text: vowels

text: or

text: an

text: unclear

text: schwa

text: See

text: also

text: vowel

text: reduction

text: in

text: Russian

question: Who says Russian has 6 vowels?

answer: St. Petersburg Phonological School

text: St. Petersburg Phonological School

question: When are Russian vowels written differently?

answer: depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized

text: depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized

question: What dialect is standard Russian based on?

answer: Moscow dialect

text: Moscow dialect

question: What language does Russian treat hard consonants similar to?

answer: Irish

text: Irish

question: What is done to unstressed vowels?

answer: reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa

text: reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa

question: How many classes are there at the St. Petersburg Phonological School?

text: six

question: When are Irish vowels written differently?

question: What pairs do vowels come in, in Irish?

text: plain vs. palatalized pairs

question: What kind of stress is there in the Irish language?

text: heavy

question: What is the variation in pitch in Irish?

text: moderate


text: In October 2006, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was split into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which "... conducts all operations and grantmaking work, and it is the entity from which all grants are made". Also announced was the decision to "... spend all of [the Trust's] resources within 20 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths". This would close the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust and effectively end the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In the same announcement it was reiterated that Warren Buffett "... has stipulated that the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years after his estate has been settled".

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: was

text: split

text: into

text: two

text: entities

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: Trust

text: which

text: manages

text: the

text: endowment

text: assets

text: and

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: which

text: conducts

text: all

text: operations

text: and

text: grantmaking

text: work

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: entity

text: from

text: which

text: all

text: grants

text: are

text: made

text: Also

text: announced

text: was

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: spend

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Trust

text: 's

text: resources

text: within

text: years

text: after

text: Bill

text: 's

text: and

text: Melinda

text: 's

text: deaths

text: This

text: would

text: close

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: Trust

text: and

text: effectively

text: end

text: the

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: announcement

text: it

text: was

text: reiterated

text: that

text: Warren

text: Buffett

text: has

text: stipulated

text: that

text: the

text: proceeds

text: from

text: the

text: Berkshire

text: Hathaway

text: shares

text: he

text: still

text: owns

text: at

text: death

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: philanthropic

text: purposes

text: within

text: years

text: after

text: his

text: estate

text: has

text: been

text: settled

question: What two entities was the foundation split into in october 2016

answer: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

text: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

question: When must the trust resources be spent

answer: spend all of [the Trust's] resources within 20 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths

text: spend all of [the Trust's] resources within 20 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths

question: What does warren Buffet stipulate his berkshire hathaway  shares be used for in the 10 year period after his death

answer: the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years

text: the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years

question: When must shares be spent for the foundation?

question: When do Bill and Melinda Gates say Berkshire Hathaway shares are to be spent?

question: In 2006 how was Berkshire Hathaway split?

question: How long after the estate has been settled Will the Bill and Melinda gates foundation shares be used for philanthropy?

question: What does Berkshire Hathaway manage as part of the Foundation Trust?


text: By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software. Compute! reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988, almost as many as the number of Commodore 64s sold in its first five years. "Computer game makers [are] scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: By

text: industry

text: observers

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: NES

text: 's

text: popularity

text: had

text: grown

text: so

text: quickly

text: that

text: the

text: market

text: for

text: Nintendo

text: cartridges

text: was

text: larger

text: than

text: that

text: for

text: all

text: home

text: computer

text: software

text: Compute

text: reported

text: in

text: that

text: Nintendo

text: had

text: sold

text: seven

text: million

text: NES

text: systems

text: in

text: almost

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Commodore

text: sold

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: five

text: years

text: Computer

text: game

text: makers

text: are

text: scared

text: stiff

text: the

text: magazine

text: said

text: stating

text: that

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: popularity

text: caused

text: most

text: competitors

text: to

text: have

text: poor

text: sales

text: during

text: the

text: previous

text: Christmas

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: serious

text: financial

text: problems

text: for

text: some

question: What year did Nintendo's market surpass all computer software?

answer: 1988

question: Who reported that Nintendo sold 7 million NES systems?

answer: Compute!

text: Compute!

question: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 7 million?

answer: 1989

question: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's five year span?

answer: Commodore 64s

text: Commodore 64s

question: What year did Nintendo's market not surpass all computer software?

question: Who reported that Nintendo sold 9 million NES systems?

text: Compute

question: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 9 million?

question: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's six year span?

text: Commodore 64s


text: Fox announced on May 11, 2015 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol; as such, the season is expected to have an additional focus on the program's alumni. Ryan Seacrest returns as host, with Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez all returning for their respective third, fourth, and fifth seasons as judges.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Fox

text: announced

text: on

text: May

text: that

text: the

text: fifteenth

text: season

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: final

text: season

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: as

text: such

text: the

text: season

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: additional

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: program

text: 's

text: alumni

text: Ryan

text: Seacrest

text: returns

text: as

text: host

text: with

text: Harry

text: Connick

text: Jr.

text: Keith

text: Urban

text: and

text: Jennifer

text: Lopez

text: all

text: returning

text: for

text: their

text: respective

text: third

text: fourth

text: and

text: fifth

text: seasons

text: as

text: judges

question: What year did Fox announce the cancellation of American Idol?

answer: 2015

question: How many seasons of American Idol have there been?

answer: 15

question: How many seasons was Jennifer Lopez a judge on American Idol?

answer: 5

question: What was Keith Urbans role on American Idols fifteenth season?

answer: judges

text: judges

question: Who hosted American Idol in its last season?

answer: Ryan Seacrest

text: Ryan Seacrest

question: When did Fox announce that Season 15 would be the final season?

answer: May 11, 2015

text: May 11, 2015

question: Who is returning as host?

answer: Ryan Seacrest

text: Ryan Seacrest


text: Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions. However, the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Others

text: such

text: as

text: Rep.

text: Roger

text: Sherman

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: believed

text: the

text: clause

text: was

text: unnecessary

text: because

text: the

text: original

text: Constitution

text: only

text: gave

text: Congress

text: stated

text: powers

text: which

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: establishing

text: a

text: national

text: religion

text: Anti

text: Federalists

text: such

text: as

text: Rep.

text: Thomas

text: Tucker

text: of

text: South

text: Carolina

text: moved

text: to

text: strike

text: the

text: establishment

text: clause

text: completely

text: because

text: it

text: could

text: preempt

text: the

text: religious

text: clauses

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: constitutions

text: However

text: the

text: Anti

text: Federalists

text: were

text: unsuccessful

text: in

text: persuading

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: to

text: drop

text: the

text: clause

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: amendment

question: Where was Representative Roger Sherman from?

answer: Connecticut

text: Connecticut

question: Why did Sherman believe the establishment clause was unnecessary?

answer: Constitution only gave Congress stated powers

text: Constitution only gave Congress stated powers

question: What power was not granted to Congress by the Constitution?

answer: establishing a national religion

text: establishing a national religion

question: Where was Representative Thomas Tucker from?

answer: South Carolina

text: South Carolina

question: What was Tucker concerned the establishment clause could preempt?

answer: religious clauses in the state constitutions

text: religious clauses in the state constitutions

question: Where was Representative Roger Merman from?

text: Connecticut

question: Why did Sherman believe the establishment clause was necessary?

question: What power was granted to Congress by the Constitution?

text: establishing a national religion

question: Where was Representative Thomas Pucker from?

text: South Carolina

question: What was Tucker concerned the establishment clause could not preempt?


text: The simplest model capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε . This model may also be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ = ±Q/A exists on their surface. Assuming that the length and width of the plates are much greater than their separation d, the electric field near the centre of the device will be uniform with the magnitude E = ρ/ε. The voltage is defined as the line integral of the electric field between the plates

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: The

text: simplest

text: model

text: capacitor

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: thin

text: parallel

text: conductive

text: plates

text: separated

text: by

text: a

text: dielectric

text: with

text: permittivity

text: ε

text: This

text: model

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: qualitative

text: predictions

text: for

text: other

text: device

text: geometries

text: The

text: plates

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: extend

text: uniformly

text: over

text: an

text: area

text: A

text: and

text: a

text: charge

text: density

text: ±ρ

text: ±Q

text: A

text: exists

text: on

text: their

text: surface

text: Assuming

text: that

text: the

text: length

text: and

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: plates

text: are

text: much

text: greater

text: than

text: their

text: separation

text: d

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: near

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: device

text: will

text: be

text: uniform

text: with

text: the

text: magnitude

text: E

text: ρ/ε.

text: The

text: voltage

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: line

text: integral

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: between

text: the

text: plates

question: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what is the value that describes the permittivity of the dielectric?

answer: permittivity ε

text: permittivity ε

question: What equation describes the charge density for an ideal model of a capacitor?

answer: ±ρ = ±Q/A

text: ±ρ = ±Q/A

question: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what must be assumed about the size of the plates?

answer: much greater than their separation d

text: much greater than their separation d

question: Close to the middle of the capacitor, what equation describes the magnitude of the electric field?

answer: E = ρ/ε

text: E = ρ/ε

question: What does the line integral of the electric field between the plates of a capacitor represent?

answer: The voltage

text: The voltage

question: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what is the value that does not describe the permittivity of the dielectric?

text: permittivity ε

question: What equation describes the charge density for an unideal model of a capacitor?

text: ±ρ = ±Q/A

question: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what must never be assumed about the size of the plates?

text: much greater than their separation d

question: Close to the outside of the capacitor, what equation describes the magnitude of the electric field?

text: E = ρ/ε

question: What does the line integral of the electric field between the plates of a capacitor fail to represent?

text: The voltage


text: He was moved to the Bureau of Topography of the Committee of Public Safety and sought unsuccessfully to be transferred to Constantinople in order to offer his services to the Sultan. During this period, he wrote the romantic novella Clisson et Eugénie, about a soldier and his lover, in a clear parallel to Bonaparte's own relationship with Désirée. On 15 September, Bonaparte was removed from the list of generals in regular service for his refusal to serve in the Vendée campaign. He faced a difficult financial situation and reduced career prospects.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: He

text: was

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Topography

text: of

text: the

text: Committee

text: of

text: Public

text: Safety

text: and

text: sought

text: unsuccessfully

text: to

text: be

text: transferred

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: offer

text: his

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: Sultan

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: he

text: wrote

text: the

text: romantic

text: novella

text: Clisson

text: et

text: Eugénie

text: about

text: a

text: soldier

text: and

text: his

text: lover

text: in

text: a

text: clear

text: parallel

text: to

text: Bonaparte

text: 's

text: own

text: relationship

text: with

text: Désirée

text: On

text: September

text: Bonaparte

text: was

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: generals

text: in

text: regular

text: service

text: for

text: his

text: refusal

text: to

text: serve

text: in

text: the

text: Vendée

text: campaign

text: He

text: faced

text: a

text: difficult

text: financial

text: situation

text: and

text: reduced

text: career

text: prospects

question: After his move to the Committee of Public Safety, where did Napoleon unsuccessfully attempt to be transferred to?

answer: Constantinople

text: Constantinople

question: Inspired by his own relationship, what romantic tale did Napoleon author?

answer: Clisson et Eugénie

text: Clisson et Eugénie

question: On what date was Napoleon taken off the list of generals in service due to his refusal to serve in Vendée?

answer: 15 September

text: 15 September

question: In which department of the Committee of Public Safety did Napoleon serve?

answer: the Bureau of Topography

text: the Bureau of Topography

question: Napoleon's novella "Clisson et Eugénie" was based on his relationship with whom?

answer: Désirée

text: Désirée


text: The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: proximity

text: of

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: did

text: not

text: extend

text: to

text: providing

text: monks

text: or

text: abbots

text: with

text: high

text: royal

text: connections

text: in

text: social

text: origin

text: the

text: Benedictines

text: of

text: Westminster

text: were

text: as

text: modest

text: as

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: The

text: abbot

text: remained

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Manor

text: of

text: Westminster

text: as

text: a

text: town

text: of

text: two

text: to

text: three

text: thousand

text: persons

text: grew

text: around

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: consumer

text: and

text: employer

text: on

text: a

text: grand

text: scale

text: the

text: monastery

text: helped

text: fuel

text: the

text: town

text: economy

text: and

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: town

text: remained

text: unusually

text: cordial

text: but

text: no

text: enfranchising

text: charter

text: was

text: issued

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The

text: abbey

text: built

text: shops

text: and

text: dwellings

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: side

text: encroaching

text: upon

text: the

text: sanctuary.[citation

text: needed

question: What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey?

answer: Lord of the Manor of Westminster

text: Lord of the Manor of Westminster

question: What did the monastery help fuel?

answer: the town economy

text: the town economy

question: What did the abbey build on the west side?

answer: shops and dwellings

text: shops and dwellings

question: What encroached upon the sanctuary?

answer: shops and dwellings

text: shops and dwellings

question: What did the abbot remain as a town built inside the abbey?

text: Lord of the Manor of Westminster

question: What did the monastery help kill?

text: the town economy

question: What didn't the monastery help fuel?

text: the town economy

question: What did the abbey build on the east side?

text: shops and dwellings

question: What never encroached upon the sanctuary?

text: shops and dwellings


text: In ancient China, early literature was primarily focused on philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry. China, the origin of modern paper making and woodblock printing, produced one of the world's first print cultures. Much of Chinese literature originates with the Hundred Schools of Thought period that occurred during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (769-269 BCE). The most important of these include the Classics of Confucianism, of Daoism, of Mohism, of Legalism, as well as works of military science (e.g. Sun Tzu's The Art of War) and Chinese history (e.g. Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian). Ancient Chinese literature had a heavy emphasis on historiography, with often very detailed court records. An exemplary piece of narrative history of ancient China was the Zuo Zhuan, which was compiled no later than 389 BCE, and attributed to the blind 5th century BCE historian Zuo Qiuming.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: In

text: ancient

text: China

text: early

text: literature

text: was

text: primarily

text: focused

text: on

text: philosophy

text: historiography

text: military

text: science

text: agriculture

text: and

text: poetry

text: China

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: modern

text: paper

text: making

text: and

text: woodblock

text: printing

text: produced

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: print

text: cultures

text: Much

text: of

text: Chinese

text: literature

text: originates

text: with

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Schools

text: of

text: Thought

text: period

text: that

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Zhou

text: Dynasty

text: BCE

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: of

text: these

text: include

text: the

text: Classics

text: of

text: Confucianism

text: of

text: Daoism

text: of

text: Mohism

text: of

text: Legalism

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: works

text: of

text: military

text: science

text: e.g.

text: Sun

text: Tzu

text: 's

text: The

text: Art

text: of

text: War

text: and

text: Chinese

text: history

text: e.g.

text: Sima

text: Qian

text: 's

text: Records

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Historian

text: Ancient

text: Chinese

text: literature

text: had

text: a

text: heavy

text: emphasis

text: on

text: historiography

text: with

text: often

text: very

text: detailed

text: court

text: records

text: An

text: exemplary

text: piece

text: of

text: narrative

text: history

text: of

text: ancient

text: China

text: was

text: the

text: Zuo

text: Zhuan

text: which

text: was

text: compiled

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: BCE

text: and

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: blind

text: century

text: BCE

text: historian

text: Zuo

text: Qiuming

question: Subjects featured in Ancient Chinese literature include what?

answer: philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry

text: philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry

question: What two inventions helped make Chinese literature especially important and portable?

answer: modern paper making and woodblock printing

text: modern paper making and woodblock printing

question: What historic period was the foundry for classic Chinese literature in the ancient world?

answer: the Hundred Schools of Thought period

text: the Hundred Schools of Thought period

question: What classic work of war science originated during this period?

answer: The Art of War

text: The Art of War

question: Who wrote The Art Of War?

answer: Sun Tzu

text: Sun Tzu

question: The early literature of ancient China was primarily focused on psychology, historiography, philosophy, and what other three things?

question: Japan is the origin of modern paper making and what type of printing?

text: woodblock printing

question: The Western Zhou Dynasty was present during what years?

text: 769-269 BCE

question: Ancient Chinese literature placed little emphasis on historiography, which had detailed what?

text: court records.

question: What was complied in 388 BCE?

text: Zuo Zhuan

question: What was early literature focused on in ancient Asia?

question: What country is the origin of primitive paper making and woodblock printing?

text: China

question: What do the years 759-259 BCE mark the existence of?

text: Eastern Zhou Dynasty

question: What did Ancient Asian literature put heavy emphasis on?

text: historiography

question: What was compiled no later than 289 BCE?

text: Zuo Zhuan

question: What period occurred from 796-896 BCE?

text: Hundred Schools of Thought

question: What genre is Sima Qian's The Art of War?

text: military science

question: What genre is Sun Tzu's Record of the Grand Historian?

text: Chinese history

question: What literature had a heavy emphasis on philosophy with very detailed court records?

text: Ancient Chinese literature

question: What year was the Zuo Zhuan written and released?

text: 389 BCE


text: The terminology can also be confusing because a treaty may and usually is named something other than a treaty, such as a convention, protocol, or simply agreement. Conversely some legal documents such as the Treaty of Waitangi are internationally considered to be documents under domestic law.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: terminology

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: confusing

text: because

text: a

text: treaty

text: may

text: and

text: usually

text: is

text: named

text: something

text: other

text: than

text: a

text: treaty

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: convention

text: protocol

text: or

text: simply

text: agreement

text: Conversely

text: some

text: legal

text: documents

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Waitangi

text: are

text: internationally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: documents

text: under

text: domestic

text: law

question: What is the Treaty of Waitangi internationally considered to be?

answer: documents under domestic law

text: documents under domestic law

question: What other terms might be used to refer to a treaty?

answer: convention, protocol, or simply agreement

text: convention, protocol, or simply agreement

question: What common terminological problem can sometimes lead to confusion surrounding a treaty?

answer: named something other than a treaty,

text: named something other than a treaty,

question: What's an example of a treaty that is considered internationally to be documents under domestic law?

answer: the Treaty of Waitangi

text: the Treaty of Waitangi

question: Convention, protocol, and agreement are examples of examples of different kinds of what that can create confusion about a treaty?

answer: terminology

text: terminology


text: As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern was 1108.92 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$1680, £940, €1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.45%.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: average

text: price

text: to

text: rent

text: an

text: average

text: apartment

text: in

text: Bern

text: was

text: Swiss

text: francs

text: CHF

text: per

text: month

text: US$

text: approx

text: exchange

text: rate

text: from

text: The

text: average

text: rate

text: for

text: a

text: one

text: room

text: apartment

text: was

text: CHF

text: US$

text: a

text: two

text: room

text: apartment

text: was

text: about

text: CHF

text: US$

text: a

text: three

text: room

text: apartment

text: was

text: about

text: CHF

text: US$

text: and

text: a

text: six

text: or

text: more

text: room

text: apartment

text: cost

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: CHF

text: US$

text: The

text: average

text: apartment

text: price

text: in

text: Bern

text: was

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: of

text: CHF

text: The

text: vacancy

text: rate

text: for

text: the

text: municipality

text: in

text: was

question: What was the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern?

answer: 1108.92 Swiss francs

text: 1108.92 Swiss francs

question: What was the vacancy rate for Bern in 2010?

answer: .45%


text: Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice). Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released. An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Voiceless

text: consonants

text: are

text: produced

text: with

text: the

text: vocal

text: folds

text: open

text: spread

text: and

text: not

text: vibrating

text: and

text: voiced

text: consonants

text: are

text: produced

text: when

text: the

text: vocal

text: folds

text: are

text: fractionally

text: closed

text: and

text: vibrating

text: modal

text: voice

text: Voiceless

text: aspiration

text: occurs

text: when

text: the

text: vocal

text: cords

text: remain

text: open

text: after

text: a

text: consonant

text: is

text: released

text: An

text: easy

text: way

text: to

text: measure

text: this

text: is

text: by

text: noting

text: the

text: consonant

text: 's

text: voice

text: onset

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: voicing

text: of

text: a

text: following

text: vowel

text: can

text: not

text: begin

text: until

text: the

text: vocal

text: cords

text: close

question: What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate?

answer: Voiceless consonants

text: Voiceless consonants

question: What is created when vocal folds are slightly closed and vibrate?

answer: voiced consonants

text: voiced consonants

question: What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?

answer: Voiceless aspiration

text: Voiceless aspiration

question: Voiced consonants are produced when what opens?

text: the vocal folds

question: How would you measure voiced aspiration?

question: When the vocal folds are vibrating, what is produced?

text: Voiceless consonants

question: What can not begin until after the vocal cords open?

text: the voicing of a following vowel

question: What is produced when the vocal folds are open and vibrating?

text: voiced consonants


text: A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser. In order for an elevator to be legal to carry passengers in some jurisdictions it must have a solid inner door. Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg. Freight elevators may have manually operated doors, and often have rugged interior finishes to prevent damage while loading and unloading. Although hydraulic freight elevators exist, electric elevators are more energy efficient for the work of freight lifting.[citation needed]

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: A

text: freight

text: elevator

text: or

text: goods

text: lift

text: is

text: an

text: elevator

text: designed

text: to

text: carry

text: goods

text: rather

text: than

text: passengers

text: Freight

text: elevators

text: are

text: generally

text: required

text: to

text: display

text: a

text: written

text: notice

text: in

text: the

text: car

text: that

text: the

text: use

text: by

text: passengers

text: is

text: prohibited

text: though

text: not

text: necessarily

text: illegal

text: though

text: certain

text: freight

text: elevators

text: allow

text: dual

text: use

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: an

text: inconspicuous

text: riser

text: In

text: order

text: for

text: an

text: elevator

text: to

text: be

text: legal

text: to

text: carry

text: passengers

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: it

text: must

text: have

text: a

text: solid

text: inner

text: door

text: Freight

text: elevators

text: are

text: typically

text: larger

text: and

text: capable

text: of

text: carrying

text: heavier

text: loads

text: than

text: a

text: passenger

text: elevator

text: generally

text: from

text: to

text: kg

text: Freight

text: elevators

text: may

text: have

text: manually

text: operated

text: doors

text: and

text: often

text: have

text: rugged

text: interior

text: finishes

text: to

text: prevent

text: damage

text: while

text: loading

text: and

text: unloading

text: Although

text: hydraulic

text: freight

text: elevators

text: exist

text: electric

text: elevators

text: are

text: more

text: energy

text: efficient

text: for

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: freight

text: lifting.[citation

text: needed

question: What is another name for a freight elevator?

answer: goods lift

text: goods lift

question: What type of notice is required to be visible in most freight elevators?

answer: a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited

text: a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited

question: Some freight elevators allow transport of both freight and passengers by using what?

answer: an inconspicuous riser

text: an inconspicuous riser

question: How do freight elevators differ from passenger elevators?

answer: Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator

text: Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator

question: What type of elevator is better suited for carrying freight?

answer: electric elevators

text: electric elevators


text: On August 17, 2007, Dell Inc. announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between $50 million and $150 million, or 2 cents to 7 cents per share. The investigation, begun in November 2006, resulted from concerns raised by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over some documents and information that Dell Inc. had submitted. It was alleged that Dell had not disclosed large exclusivity payments received from Intel for agreeing not to buy processors from rival manufacturer AMD. In 2010 Dell finally paid $100 million to settle the SEC's charges of fraud. Michael Dell and other executives also paid penalties and suffered other sanctions, without admitting or denying the charges.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: On

text: August

text: Dell

text: Inc.

text: announced

text: that

text: after

text: an

text: internal

text: investigation

text: into

text: its

text: accounting

text: practices

text: it

text: would

text: restate

text: and

text: reduce

text: earnings

text: from

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: quarter

text: of

text: by

text: a

text: total

text: amount

text: of

text: between

text: million

text: and

text: million

text: or

text: cents

text: to

text: cents

text: per

text: share

text: The

text: investigation

text: begun

text: in

text: November

text: resulted

text: from

text: concerns

text: raised

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Securities

text: and

text: Exchange

text: Commission

text: over

text: some

text: documents

text: and

text: information

text: that

text: Dell

text: Inc.

text: had

text: submitted

text: It

text: was

text: alleged

text: that

text: Dell

text: had

text: not

text: disclosed

text: large

text: exclusivity

text: payments

text: received

text: from

text: Intel

text: for

text: agreeing

text: not

text: to

text: buy

text: processors

text: from

text: rival

text: manufacturer

text: AMD

text: In

text: Dell

text: finally

text: paid

text: million

text: to

text: settle

text: the

text: SEC

text: 's

text: charges

text: of

text: fraud

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: and

text: other

text: executives

text: also

text: paid

text: penalties

text: and

text: suffered

text: other

text: sanctions

text: without

text: admitting

text: or

text: denying

text: the

text: charges

question: What department did Dell launch an internal investigation on?

answer: accounting

text: accounting

question: What was the minimum amount of earnings that would be restated by Dell's investigation?

answer: $50 million

text: $50 million

question: What year did Dell's internal investigation begin?

answer: 2006

question: Who did Dell agree to not buy processors from?

answer: AMD

text: AMD

question: How much did Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it?

answer: $100 million

text: $100 million

question: What department did Dell launch an external investigation on?

text: accounting

question: What was the maximum amount of earnings that would be restated by Dell's investigation?

text: $50 million

question: What year did Dell's external investigation begin?

question: How much didn't Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it?

text: $100 million

question: Who did Dell agree to buy processors from?

text: AMD


text: Since there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid, his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics. So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer. This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923. At the same time, von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest, as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics. For his thesis, he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory. He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926. He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Since

text: there

text: were

text: few

text: posts

text: in

text: Hungary

text: for

text: mathematicians

text: and

text: those

text: were

text: not

text: well

text: paid

text: his

text: father

text: wanted

text: von

text: Neumann

text: to

text: follow

text: him

text: into

text: industry

text: and

text: therefore

text: invest

text: his

text: time

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: financially

text: useful

text: endeavor

text: than

text: mathematics

text: So

text: it

text: was

text: decided

text: that

text: the

text: best

text: career

text: path

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: chemical

text: engineer

text: This

text: was

text: not

text: something

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: had

text: much

text: knowledge

text: of

text: so

text: it

text: was

text: arranged

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: non

text: degree

text: course

text: in

text: chemistry

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Berlin

text: after

text: which

text: he

text: sat

text: the

text: entrance

text: exam

text: to

text: the

text: prestigious

text: ETH

text: Zurich

text: which

text: he

text: passed

text: in

text: September

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: von

text: Neumann

text: also

text: entered

text: Pázmány

text: Péter

text: University

text: in

text: Budapest

text: as

text: a

text: Ph.D.

text: candidate

text: in

text: mathematics

text: For

text: his

text: thesis

text: he

text: chose

text: to

text: produce

text: an

text: axiomatization

text: of

text: Cantor

text: 's

text: set

text: theory

text: He

text: passed

text: his

text: final

text: examinations

text: for

text: his

text: Ph.D.

text: soon

text: after

text: graduating

text: from

text: ETH

text: Zurich

text: in

text: He

text: then

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Göttingen

text: on

text: a

text: grant

text: from

text: the

text: Rockefeller

text: Foundation

text: to

text: study

text: mathematics

text: under

text: David

text: Hilbert

question: What career path was decided upon for Von Neuman?

answer: chemical engineer

text: chemical engineer

question: At what university was it arranged for Von Neumann to enter a chemistry program?

answer: University of Berlin

text: University of Berlin

question: Where did Von Neumann study as a PHD candidate?

answer: Pázmány Péter University in Budapest

text: Pázmány Péter University in Budapest

question: What was the topic of Von Neuman's thesis?

answer: axiomatization of Cantor's set theory

text: axiomatization of Cantor's set theory


text: In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a way that would ruin the szlachta. It was the only area where peasants paid the market price in redemption for the land (the average for the empire was 34% above the market price). All land taken from Polish peasants since 1846 was to be returned without redemption payments. The ex serfs could only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta. 90% of the ex serfs in the empire who actually gained land after 1861 were in the 8 western provinces. Along with Romania, Polish landless or domestic serfs were the only ones to be given land after serfdom was abolished. All this was to punish the szlachta's role in the uprisings of 1830 and 1863. By 1864 80% of szlachta were déclassé, 1/4 petty nobles were worse off than the average serf, 48.9% of land in Russian Poland was in peasant hands, nobles still held 46%. In Second Polish Republic the privileges of the nobility were lawfully abolished by the March Constitution in 1921 and as such not granted by any future Polish law.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: In

text: the

text: Nicholas

text: I

text: reduced

text: szlachta

text: to

text: commoner

text: status

text: Despite

text: this

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: nobles

text: were

text: szlachta

text: in

text: and

text: still

text: in

text: Serfdom

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: Russian

text: Poland

text: on

text: February

text: It

text: was

text: deliberately

text: enacted

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: would

text: ruin

text: the

text: szlachta

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: area

text: where

text: peasants

text: paid

text: the

text: market

text: price

text: in

text: redemption

text: for

text: the

text: land

text: the

text: average

text: for

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: above

text: the

text: market

text: price

text: All

text: land

text: taken

text: from

text: Polish

text: peasants

text: since

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: returned

text: without

text: redemption

text: payments

text: The

text: ex

text: serfs

text: could

text: only

text: sell

text: land

text: to

text: other

text: peasants

text: not

text: szlachta

text: of

text: the

text: ex

text: serfs

text: in

text: the

text: empire

text: who

text: actually

text: gained

text: land

text: after

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: provinces

text: Along

text: with

text: Romania

text: Polish

text: landless

text: or

text: domestic

text: serfs

text: were

text: the

text: only

text: ones

text: to

text: be

text: given

text: land

text: after

text: serfdom

text: was

text: abolished

text: All

text: this

text: was

text: to

text: punish

text: the

text: szlachta

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: uprisings

text: of

text: and

text: By

text: of

text: szlachta

text: were

text: déclassé

text: petty

text: nobles

text: were

text: worse

text: off

text: than

text: the

text: average

text: serf

text: of

text: land

text: in

text: Russian

text: Poland

text: was

text: in

text: peasant

text: hands

text: nobles

text: still

text: held

text: In

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: the

text: privileges

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: were

text: lawfully

text: abolished

text: by

text: the

text: March

text: Constitution

text: in

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: not

text: granted

text: by

text: any

text: future

text: Polish

text: law

question: Who redused 64,000 szlachta to commoner status?

answer: Nicholas I

text: Nicholas I

question: IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles?

answer: 62.8%

question: When and who abolished the serfdom?

answer: Russian Poland on February 19, 1864

text: Russian Poland on February 19, 1864

question: Who could the ex serfs sell their land to?

answer: only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta

text: only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta

question: How much land was held by the peasants?

answer: 48.9%


text: In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series. During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007[update].

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: In

text: the

text: PAL

text: region

text: which

text: covers

text: most

text: of

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: Europe

text: and

text: Oceania

text: Twilight

text: Princess

text: is

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: entry

text: in

text: the

text: Zelda

text: series

text: During

text: its

text: first

text: week

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: sold

text: with

text: three

text: of

text: every

text: four

text: Wii

text: purchases

text: The

text: game

text: had

text: sold

text: million

text: copies

text: on

text: the

text: Wii

text: as

text: of

text: March

text: and

text: million

text: on

text: the

text: GameCube

text: as

text: of

text: March

question: What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America?

answer: PAL

text: PAL

question: How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011?

answer: 5.82 million

text: 5.82 million

question: How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?

answer: 1.32 million

text: 1.32 million

question: What region is Twilight Princess the best -selling Zelda entry?

answer: PAL region

text: PAL region

question: How many copies of the game had been sold as of March 2011?

answer: 5.82 million

text: 5.82 million

question: How many copies of the game had been sold on Gamecube as of March 2007?

answer: 1.32 million

text: 1.32 million

question: How many unites of the CameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011?

text: 5.82 million

question: How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007?

text: 1.32 million

question: In what region is Twilight Princess the best-selling Wii entry?

text: PAL region

question: How many copies of PAL had been sold as of March 2011?

text: 5.82 million

question: What is the name of the area which includes most countries located in North, Central, and South America?

text: PAL


text: The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: latest

text: study

text: using

text: magnetic

text: resonance

text: imaging

text: MRI

text: to

text: humans

text: and

text: dogs

text: together

text: proved

text: that

text: dogs

text: have

text: same

text: response

text: to

text: voices

text: and

text: use

text: the

text: same

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: as

text: humans

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: This

text: gives

text: dogs

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: recognize

text: emotional

text: human

text: sounds

text: making

text: them

text: friendly

text: social

text: pets

text: to

text: humans

question: What type of imaging was used to study the relationship between humans and dogs?

answer: magnetic resonance imaging

text: magnetic resonance imaging

question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs have the same response as humans to what?

answer: voices

text: voices

question: An MRI study on dogs proved that dogs use the same parts of what as humans?

answer: the brain

text: the brain

question: Because dogs respond to voices the same way humans do, they are able to recognize what in human sounds, making them social?

answer: emotion

text: emotion

question: What technology was used to show that dogs respond to voices in the same brain parts as people?

answer: MRI

text: MRI

question: Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds?

answer: emotional

text: emotional


text: West's outspoken views and ventures outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy and public scrutiny for his conduct at award shows, on social media, and in other public settings. His more publicized comments include his declaration that President George W. Bush "doesn't care about black people" during a live 2005 television broadcast for Hurricane Katrina relief, and his interruption of singer Taylor Swift at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. West's efforts as a designer include collaborations with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C. on both clothing and footwear, and have most prominently resulted in the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas beginning in 2013. He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: 's

text: outspoken

text: views

text: and

text: ventures

text: outside

text: of

text: music

text: have

text: received

text: significant

text: mainstream

text: attention

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: frequent

text: source

text: of

text: controversy

text: and

text: public

text: scrutiny

text: for

text: his

text: conduct

text: at

text: award

text: shows

text: on

text: social

text: media

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: public

text: settings

text: His

text: more

text: publicized

text: comments

text: include

text: his

text: declaration

text: that

text: President

text: George

text: W.

text: Bush

text: does

text: n't

text: care

text: about

text: black

text: people

text: during

text: a

text: live

text: television

text: broadcast

text: for

text: Hurricane

text: Katrina

text: relief

text: and

text: his

text: interruption

text: of

text: singer

text: Taylor

text: Swift

text: at

text: the

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: West

text: 's

text: efforts

text: as

text: a

text: designer

text: include

text: collaborations

text: with

text: Nike

text: Louis

text: Vuitton

text: and

text: A.P.C.

text: on

text: both

text: clothing

text: and

text: footwear

text: and

text: have

text: most

text: prominently

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: Yeezy

text: Season

text: collaboration

text: with

text: Adidas

text: beginning

text: in

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: founder

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: creative

text: content

text: company

text: DONDA

question: What President did Kanye West insult on air in 2005?

answer: George W. Bush

text: George W. Bush

question: Whose speech did Kanye West ruin at the 2009 MTV Awards?

answer: Taylor Swift

text: Taylor Swift

question: What fashion items does Kanye West design?

answer: clothing and footwear

text: clothing and footwear

question: What company did Kanye West begin?

answer: DONDA

text: DONDA

question: What year did Kanye West begin working with Adidas?

answer: 2013


text: The distinctive characteristic of English cathedrals is their extreme length, and their internal emphasis upon the horizontal, which may be emphasised visually as much or more than the vertical lines. Each English cathedral (with the exception of Salisbury) has an extraordinary degree of stylistic diversity, when compared with most French, German and Italian cathedrals. It is not unusual for every part of the building to have been built in a different century and in a different style, with no attempt at creating a stylistic unity. Unlike French cathedrals, English cathedrals sprawl across their sites, with double transepts projecting strongly and Lady Chapels tacked on at a later date, such as at Westminster Abbey. In the west front, the doors are not as significant as in France, the usual congregational entrance being through a side porch. The West window is very large and never a rose, which are reserved for the transept gables. The west front may have two towers like a French Cathedral, or none. There is nearly always a tower at the crossing and it may be very large and surmounted by a spire. The distinctive English east end is square, but it may take a completely different form. Both internally and externally, the stonework is often richly decorated with carvings, particularly the capitals.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: distinctive

text: characteristic

text: of

text: English

text: cathedrals

text: is

text: their

text: extreme

text: length

text: and

text: their

text: internal

text: emphasis

text: upon

text: the

text: horizontal

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: emphasised

text: visually

text: as

text: much

text: or

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: vertical

text: lines

text: Each

text: English

text: cathedral

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Salisbury

text: has

text: an

text: extraordinary

text: degree

text: of

text: stylistic

text: diversity

text: when

text: compared

text: with

text: most

text: French

text: German

text: and

text: Italian

text: cathedrals

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: unusual

text: for

text: every

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: in

text: a

text: different

text: century

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: different

text: style

text: with

text: no

text: attempt

text: at

text: creating

text: a

text: stylistic

text: unity

text: Unlike

text: French

text: cathedrals

text: English

text: cathedrals

text: sprawl

text: across

text: their

text: sites

text: with

text: double

text: transepts

text: projecting

text: strongly

text: and

text: Lady

text: Chapels

text: tacked

text: on

text: at

text: a

text: later

text: date

text: such

text: as

text: at

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: front

text: the

text: doors

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: significant

text: as

text: in

text: France

text: the

text: usual

text: congregational

text: entrance

text: being

text: through

text: a

text: side

text: porch

text: The

text: West

text: window

text: is

text: very

text: large

text: and

text: never

text: a

text: rose

text: which

text: are

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: transept

text: gables

text: The

text: west

text: front

text: may

text: have

text: two

text: towers

text: like

text: a

text: French

text: Cathedral

text: or

text: There

text: is

text: nearly

text: always

text: a

text: tower

text: at

text: the

text: crossing

text: and

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: very

text: large

text: and

text: surmounted

text: by

text: a

text: spire

text: The

text: distinctive

text: English

text: east

text: end

text: is

text: square

text: but

text: it

text: may

text: take

text: a

text: completely

text: different

text: form

text: Both

text: internally

text: and

text: externally

text: the

text: stonework

text: is

text: often

text: richly

text: decorated

text: with

text: carvings

text: particularly

text: the

text: capitals

question: What is the unique design feature of English cathedrals?

answer: their extreme length

text: their extreme length

question: What type of transepts do English cathedrals often feature?

answer: double transepts

text: double transepts

question: What size of window is typically featured on the west end of English cathedrals?

answer: very large

text: very large

question: Where are rose windows used on English cathedrals?

answer: the transept gables

text: the transept gables

question: On English cathedrals, where is a tower almost always found?

answer: at the crossing

text: at the crossing

question: What is the worst design feature of English cathedrals?

text: their extreme length

question: What type of transepts do English cathedrals often lack?

text: double transepts

question: What size of cat is typically featured on the west end of English cathedrals?

text: very large

question: Where are blackened windows used on English cathedrals?

text: the transept gables

question: Where is a tower almost never found on Greek cathedrals?

text: at the crossing


text: There is no clear mechanism by which these local trade organisations became today's Masonic Lodges, but the earliest rituals and passwords known, from operative lodges around the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, show continuity with the rituals developed in the later 18th century by accepted or speculative Masons, as those members who did not practice the physical craft came to be known. The minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland show a continuity from an operative lodge in 1598 to a modern speculative Lodge. It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: clear

text: mechanism

text: by

text: which

text: these

text: local

text: trade

text: organisations

text: became

text: today

text: 's

text: Masonic

text: Lodges

text: but

text: the

text: earliest

text: rituals

text: and

text: passwords

text: known

text: from

text: operative

text: lodges

text: around

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: centuries

text: show

text: continuity

text: with

text: the

text: rituals

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: century

text: by

text: accepted

text: or

text: speculative

text: Masons

text: as

text: those

text: members

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: practice

text: the

text: physical

text: craft

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: The

text: minutes

text: of

text: the

text: Lodge

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Chapel

text: No

text: in

text: Scotland

text: show

text: a

text: continuity

text: from

text: an

text: operative

text: lodge

text: in

text: to

text: a

text: modern

text: speculative

text: Lodge

text: It

text: is

text: reputed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: Masonic

text: Lodge

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: From what centuries are the earliest passwords and rituals of Freemasonry known?

answer: 17th–18th

question: What is the oldest Masonic lodge in the world?

answer: Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland

text: Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland

question: What were members who did not practice the physical craft known as?

answer: accepted or speculative Masons

text: accepted or speculative Masons

question: When compared, how similar are the rituals and passwords from the turn of the 17 - 18 centuries to the ones from the later 18th century?

answer: show continuity

text: show continuity

question: What is the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world?

answer: the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1

text: the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1

question: When was the Lodge of Edinburgh started?

answer: 1598

question: When did rituals become similar between different Masonic Lodges?

answer: in the later 18th century

text: in the later 18th century

question: What century is the only one with passwords and rituals of Freemasonry known?

question: What is the only Masonic lodge in the world?

question: What were members who practiced the magical craft known as?

text: accepted or speculative Masons

question: When was the Lodge of Edinburgh abandoned?

question: When did rituals become identical between different Masonic Lodges?

text: in the later 18th century


text: The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revised in the 1920s; it first appeared under the copyright of the University of Notre Dame in 1928. The chorus is, "Cheer cheer for old Notre Dame, wake up the echos cheering her name. Send a volley cheer on high, shake down the thunder from the sky! What though the odds be great or small, old Notre Dame will win over all. While her loyal sons are marching, onward to victory!"

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Victory

text: March

text: is

text: the

text: fight

text: song

text: for

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: two

text: brothers

text: who

text: were

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: graduates

text: The

text: Rev.

text: Michael

text: J.

text: Shea

text: a

text: graduate

text: wrote

text: the

text: music

text: and

text: his

text: brother

text: John

text: F.

text: Shea

text: who

text: earned

text: degrees

text: in

text: and

text: wrote

text: the

text: original

text: lyrics

text: The

text: lyrics

text: were

text: revised

text: in

text: the

text: it

text: first

text: appeared

text: under

text: the

text: copyright

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: in

text: The

text: chorus

text: is

text: Cheer

text: cheer

text: for

text: old

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: wake

text: up

text: the

text: echos

text: cheering

text: her

text: name

text: Send

text: a

text: volley

text: cheer

text: on

text: high

text: shake

text: down

text: the

text: thunder

text: from

text: the

text: sky

text: What

text: though

text: the

text: odds

text: be

text: great

text: or

text: small

text: old

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: will

text: win

text: over

text: all

text: While

text: her

text: loyal

text: sons

text: are

text: marching

text: onward

text: to

text: victory

question: Who wrote the original lyrics to the Notre Dame Victory March?

answer: John F. Shea

text: John F. Shea

question: In what year did Michael J. Shea graduate from Notre Dame?

answer: 1904

question: Who is responsible for writing the music for "Notre Dame Victory March?"

answer: Rev. Michael J. Shea

text: Rev. Michael J. Shea

question: In what year did "Notre Dame Victory March" get copyrighted?

answer: 1928

question: To where are the loyal sons in "Notre Dame Fight Song" marching?

answer: onward to victory

text: onward to victory


text: Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Mark

text: Z.

text: Jacobson

text: professor

text: of

text: civil

text: and

text: environmental

text: engineering

text: at

text: Stanford

text: University

text: and

text: director

text: of

text: its

text: Atmosphere

text: and

text: Energy

text: Program

text: says

text: producing

text: all

text: new

text: energy

text: with

text: wind

text: power

text: solar

text: power

text: and

text: hydropower

text: by

text: is

text: feasible

text: and

text: existing

text: energy

text: supply

text: arrangements

text: could

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: Barriers

text: to

text: implementing

text: the

text: renewable

text: energy

text: plan

text: are

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: primarily

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: not

text: technological

text: or

text: economic

text: Jacobson

text: says

text: that

text: energy

text: costs

text: with

text: a

text: wind

text: solar

text: water

text: system

text: should

text: be

text: similar

text: to

text: today

text: 's

text: energy

text: costs

question: Who is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University?

answer: Mark Z. Jacobson

text: Mark Z. Jacobson

question: What is a barrier to implementing the renewable energy plan?

answer: social and political

text: social and political

question: Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?

answer: Mark Z. Jacobson

text: Mark Z. Jacobson

question: Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power and hydropower is feasible by what year?

answer: 2030

question: Who is a professor of English at Stanford University?

text: Mark Z. Jacobson

question: What is a barrier to implementing the non-renewable energy plan?

text: social and political

question: Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should not be similar to today's energy costs?

text: Mark Z. Jacobson

question: Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power and hydropower is not feasible by what year?