text: Some new immigrants arrived as refugees with no possessions and were housed in temporary camps known as ma'abarot; by 1952, over 200,000 immigrants were living in these tent cities. During this period, food, clothes and furniture had to be rationed in what became known as the Austerity Period. The need to solve the crisis led Ben-Gurion to sign a reparations agreement with West Germany that triggered mass protests by Jews angered at the idea that Israel could accept monetary compensation for the Holocaust.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Some

text: new

text: immigrants

text: arrived

text: as

text: refugees

text: with

text: no

text: possessions

text: and

text: were

text: housed

text: in

text: temporary

text: camps

text: known

text: as

text: ma'abarot

text: by

text: over

text: immigrants

text: were

text: living

text: in

text: these

text: tent

text: cities

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: food

text: clothes

text: and

text: furniture

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: rationed

text: in

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Austerity

text: Period

text: The

text: need

text: to

text: solve

text: the

text: crisis

text: led

text: Ben

text: Gurion

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: reparations

text: agreement

text: with

text: West

text: Germany

text: that

text: triggered

text: mass

text: protests

text: by

text: Jews

text: angered

text: at

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: Israel

text: could

text: accept

text: monetary

text: compensation

text: for

text: the

text: Holocaust

question: What were temporary camps known as?

answer: ma'abarot

text: ma'abarot

question: How many immigrants lived in these tent cities?

answer: over 200,000

text: over 200,000

question: Who signed a reparations agreement with West Germany?

answer: Ben-Gurion

text: Ben-Gurion


text: Phil Skinner played a key role in 20th century development of the mandolin movement in Australia, and was awarded an MBE in 1979 for services to music and the community. He was born Harry Skinner in Sydney in 1903 and started learning music at age 10 when his uncle tutored him on the banjo. Skinner began teaching part-time at age 18, until the Great Depression forced him to begin teaching full-time and learn a broader range of instruments. Skinner founded the Sydney Mandolin Orchestra, the oldest surviving mandolin orchestra in Australia.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Phil

text: Skinner

text: played

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: century

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: mandolin

text: movement

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: was

text: awarded

text: an

text: MBE

text: in

text: for

text: services

text: to

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: community

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: Harry

text: Skinner

text: in

text: Sydney

text: in

text: and

text: started

text: learning

text: music

text: at

text: age

text: when

text: his

text: uncle

text: tutored

text: him

text: on

text: the

text: banjo

text: Skinner

text: began

text: teaching

text: part

text: time

text: at

text: age

text: until

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: forced

text: him

text: to

text: begin

text: teaching

text: full

text: time

text: and

text: learn

text: a

text: broader

text: range

text: of

text: instruments

text: Skinner

text: founded

text: the

text: Sydney

text: Mandolin

text: Orchestra

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: mandolin

text: orchestra

text: in

text: Australia

question: Who played a key role Australian mandolin movement?

answer: Phil Skinner

text: Phil Skinner

question: When did the Australian mandolin movement begin?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: When was Phil Skinner awarded an MBE?

answer: 1979

question: What was Phil Skinner's birth name?

answer: Harry Skinner

text: Harry Skinner

question: At what age did Phil Skinner begin playing music?

answer: 10

question: Who played a key role African mandolin movement?

text: Phil Skinner

question: When did the African mandolin movement begin?

text: 20th century

question: When did Phil Skinner lose an MBE?

question: What was Phil Skinner's married name?

text: Harry Skinner

question: At what age did Phil Skinner stop playing music?


text: The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century later, when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange, although most of the Greeks displaced (over a million of the total 1.5 million) had already been driven out by the time the agreement was signed.[note 1] The Greek genocide, in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea, contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek Asia Minor Campaign, was part of this process of Turkification of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade, then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: ethnic

text: Greek

text: identity

text: and

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: religion

text: continued

text: after

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Modern

text: Greek

text: state

text: in

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: constitution

text: of

text: a

text: Greek

text: was

text: defined

text: as

text: any

text: Christian

text: resident

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Greece

text: a

text: clause

text: removed

text: by

text: A

text: century

text: later

text: when

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lausanne

text: was

text: signed

text: between

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: agreed

text: to

text: use

text: religion

text: as

text: the

text: determinant

text: for

text: ethnic

text: identity

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: population

text: exchange

text: although

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: displaced

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: million

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: driven

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: agreement

text: was

text: signed.[note

text: The

text: Greek

text: genocide

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: harsh

text: removal

text: of

text: Pontian

text: Greeks

text: from

text: the

text: southern

text: shore

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: contemporaneous

text: with

text: and

text: following

text: the

text: failed

text: Greek

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: Campaign

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: process

text: of

text: Turkification

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: its

text: economy

text: and

text: trade

text: then

text: largely

text: in

text: Greek

text: hands

text: under

text: ethnic

text: Turkish

text: control

question: When was the Greece that we know today officially formed ?

answer: creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830

text: creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830

question: When was the original Grecian constitution formed ?

answer: first Greek constitution of 1822

text: first Greek constitution of 1822

question: How did the original  Constitution identify its society members ?

answer: a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece

text: a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece

question: Is this identifying factor for official citizens of Greece still in effect today ?

answer: clause removed by 1840

text: clause removed by 1840

question: What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the  Lausanne Treaty ?

answer: agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange

text: agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange

question: When was the Greece that we know today unofficially formed?

question: When was the original Grecian constitution not formed?

question: How did the original Constitution not identify its society members?

question: Who removed this clause?

text: Kingdom of Greece

question: What factor was used to expel or include citizens outside of the Lausanne Treaty?


text: In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here and 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations. Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: In

text: the

text: Houston

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: ranked

text: first

text: in

text: Texas

text: and

text: third

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: within

text: the

text: Category

text: of

text: Best

text: Places

text: for

text: Business

text: and

text: Careers

text: by

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: Foreign

text: governments

text: have

text: established

text: consular

text: offices

text: in

text: Houston

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Forty

text: foreign

text: governments

text: maintain

text: trade

text: and

text: commercial

text: offices

text: here

text: and

text: active

text: foreign

text: chambers

text: of

text: commerce

text: and

text: trade

text: associations

text: Twenty

text: five

text: foreign

text: banks

text: representing

text: nations

text: operate

text: in

text: Houston

text: providing

text: financial

text: assistance

text: to

text: the

text: international

text: community

question: Houston ranked 3rd in which category by Forbes magazine in 2006?

answer: Best Places for Business and Careers

text: Best Places for Business and Careers

question: How many offices have been established in Houston by foreign governments?

answer: 92

question: How many foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices in Houston?

answer: Forty

text: Forty

question: How many foreign banks operate in Houston?

answer: Twenty-five

text: Twenty-five

question: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Houston represent?

answer: 13

question: When did the Houston area rank first in Texas for business?

answer: 2006

question: How did Houston rank in the U.S. for business?

answer: third in the U.S

text: third in the U.S

question: How many consular offices does Houston have?

answer: 92

question: How many foreign countries have trade offices in Houston?

answer: Forty

text: Forty

question: How many nations do the twenty-five foreign banks represent?

answer: 13

question: Houston ranked 23rd in which category by Forbes magazine in 2006?

text: Best Places for Business and Careers"

question: How many offices have been established in Texas by foreign governments?

question: How many foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices in Texas?

text: Forty

question: How many foreign banks operate in Texas?

text: Twenty-five

question: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Texas represent?


text: Many nonprofit organizations find it difficult to create consistent messaging that resonates with their various stakeholders as marketing budgets are minimal or nonexistent. Marketing is in many cases a taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations. There are strategic ways in which nonprofits can leverage their access to various community stakeholders to get their name and cause recognized by the public, but it is imperative to have an outreach strategy which includes a financial plan to execute that outreach/marketing strategy, particularly if the organization has plans to rebrand or expand their initiaives.

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Many

text: nonprofit

text: organizations

text: find

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: create

text: consistent

text: messaging

text: that

text: resonates

text: with

text: their

text: various

text: stakeholders

text: as

text: marketing

text: budgets

text: are

text: minimal

text: or

text: nonexistent

text: Marketing

text: is

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: a

text: taboo

text: word

text: that

text: NPOs

text: or

text: others

text: do

text: n't

text: like

text: to

text: associate

text: with

text: such

text: community

text: benefit

text: organizations

text: There

text: are

text: strategic

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: nonprofits

text: can

text: leverage

text: their

text: access

text: to

text: various

text: community

text: stakeholders

text: to

text: get

text: their

text: name

text: and

text: cause

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: imperative

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: outreach

text: strategy

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: financial

text: plan

text: to

text: execute

text: that

text: outreach

text: marketing

text: strategy

text: particularly

text: if

text: the

text: organization

text: has

text: plans

text: to

text: rebrand

text: or

text: expand

text: their

text: initiaives

question: What kind of marketing budgets do NPOs usually have?

answer: minimal or nonexistent

text: minimal or nonexistent

question: Why is marketing harder for NPOs?

answer: taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations

text: taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations

question: What does an NPO need to have in order to begin thinking about expansion or rebranding?

answer: an outreach strategy which includes a financial plan to execute that outreach/marketing strategy

text: an outreach strategy which includes a financial plan to execute that outreach/marketing strategy

question: What is a moer low-key way that NPOs can get access to marketing and word of mouth?

answer: leverage their access to various community stakeholders to get their name and cause recognized by the public

text: leverage their access to various community stakeholders to get their name and cause recognized by the public

question: What do financial plans make it hard to create?

question: What is strategy considered in many cases by NPO's?

text: a taboo word

question: What is the status of NPO's financial plans usually?

text: minimal or nonexistent

question: What do NPO's use to have their financial plan be recognized by stakeholders?

text: strategic ways

question: What do stakeholders use to implement a marketing strategy?

text: an outreach strategy


text: During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughout this period, the people of County of Portugal as Galicians found themselves struggling to maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture, whenever the status of the Kingdom of Galicia changed in relation to the Kingdom of Leon. As a result of political division, Galician-Portuguese lost its unity when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia (a dependent kingdom of Leon) to establish the Kingdom of Portugal. The Galician and Portuguese versions of the language then diverged over time as they followed independent evolutionary paths. This began occurring when the Kingdom of Leon and the Kingdom of Castile united and the Castilian Language (known as Spanish) slowly over the centuries began influencing the Galician Language and then trying to replace it. The same thing happened to Astur-Leonese Language to the point where it is greatly reduced or completely replaced by the Castilian (Spanish Language).

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: of

text: internecine

text: struggles

text: for

text: dominance

text: among

text: the

text: Northern

text: Christians

text: kingdoms

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Portugal

text: formed

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: At

text: times

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: existed

text: independently

text: for

text: short

text: periods

text: but

text: usually

text: formed

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Leon

text: Throughout

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: County

text: of

text: Portugal

text: as

text: Galicians

text: found

text: themselves

text: struggling

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: autonomy

text: of

text: Galicia

text: with

text: its

text: distinct

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: Galician

text: Portuguese

text: from

text: the

text: Leonese

text: culture

text: whenever

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: changed

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Leon

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: political

text: division

text: Galician

text: Portuguese

text: lost

text: its

text: unity

text: when

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Portugal

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: a

text: dependent

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Leon

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Portugal

text: The

text: Galician

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: then

text: diverged

text: over

text: time

text: as

text: they

text: followed

text: independent

text: evolutionary

text: paths

text: This

text: began

text: occurring

text: when

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Leon

text: and

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Castile

text: united

text: and

text: the

text: Castilian

text: Language

text: known

text: as

text: Spanish

text: slowly

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: began

text: influencing

text: the

text: Galician

text: Language

text: and

text: then

text: trying

text: to

text: replace

text: it

text: The

text: same

text: thing

text: happened

text: to

text: Astur

text: Leonese

text: Language

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: or

text: completely

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: Castilian

text: Spanish

text: Language

question: During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with?

answer: maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture

text: maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture

question: The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what?

answer: the Kingdom of Portugal

text: the Kingdom of Portugal

question: Portugese diverged from which language?

answer: Galician

text: Galician

question: What is the Castilian Lanugage known as?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?

answer: Castilian (Spanish Language)

text: Castilian (Spanish Language)


text: In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for other platforms. Later, applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator strengthened the Mac's position as a graphics computer and helped to expand the emerging desktop publishing market.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: Mac

text: Apple

text: 's

text: LaserWriter

text: printer

text: and

text: Mac

text: specific

text: software

text: like

text: Boston

text: Software

text: 's

text: MacPublisher

text: and

text: Aldus

text: PageMaker

text: enabled

text: users

text: to

text: design

text: preview

text: and

text: print

text: page

text: layouts

text: complete

text: with

text: text

text: and

text: graphics

text: an

text: activity

text: to

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: desktop

text: publishing

text: Initially

text: desktop

text: publishing

text: was

text: unique

text: to

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: but

text: eventually

text: became

text: available

text: for

text: other

text: platforms

text: Later

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: Macromedia

text: FreeHand

text: QuarkXPress

text: and

text: Adobe

text: 's

text: Photoshop

text: and

text: Illustrator

text: strengthened

text: the

text: Mac

text: 's

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: graphics

text: computer

text: and

text: helped

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: emerging

text: desktop

text: publishing

text: market

question: When was the activity of desktop publishing first used?

answer: 1985

question: What company was desktop publishing unique to at it's beginning?

answer: Macintosh

text: Macintosh

question: What three things were combined to develop desktop publishing?

answer: Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher

text: Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher

question: What did desktop publishing enable users to do?

answer: design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics

text: design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics

question: What applications strengthened Mac's position as a graphics computer?

answer: Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator

text: Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator

question: When was the activity of desktop publishing last used?

question: What company was desktop publishing not unique to at it's beginning?

text: Macintosh

question: What two things were combined to develop desktop publishing?

question: What did desktop publishing disable users from doing?

question: What applications weakened Mac's position as a graphics computer?


text: Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers to house the professional schools; established the Kellogg School of Management; and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, Dyche Stadium (now named Ryan Field) and Deering Library among others. In 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but rejected. Northwestern was also one of the first six universities in the country to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) in the 1920s. Northwestern played host to the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939 in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north along with the Dearborn Observatory to make room for the Technological Institute.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Under

text: Walter

text: Dill

text: Scott

text: 's

text: presidency

text: from

text: to

text: Northwestern

text: began

text: construction

text: of

text: an

text: integrated

text: campus

text: in

text: Chicago

text: designed

text: by

text: James

text: Gamble

text: Rogers

text: to

text: house

text: the

text: professional

text: schools

text: established

text: the

text: Kellogg

text: School

text: of

text: Management

text: and

text: built

text: several

text: prominent

text: buildings

text: on

text: the

text: Evanston

text: campus

text: Dyche

text: Stadium

text: now

text: named

text: Ryan

text: Field

text: and

text: Deering

text: Library

text: among

text: others

text: In

text: a

text: proposal

text: to

text: merge

text: Northwestern

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: was

text: considered

text: but

text: rejected

text: Northwestern

text: was

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: six

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: Naval

text: Reserve

text: Officers

text: Training

text: Corps

text: NROTC

text: in

text: the

text: Northwestern

text: played

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: NCAA

text: Men

text: 's

text: Division

text: I

text: Basketball

text: Championship

text: game

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: Patten

text: Gymnasium

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: demolished

text: and

text: relocated

text: farther

text: north

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Dearborn

text: Observatory

text: to

text: make

text: room

text: for

text: the

text: Technological

text: Institute

question: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's presidency?

answer: integrated

text: integrated

question: What was the orginal name for Northwestern's Ryan Field?

answer: Dyche Stadium

text: Dyche Stadium

question: What merger was proposed and rejected in 1933?

answer: Northwestern with the University of Chicago

text: Northwestern with the University of Chicago

question: What was Northwestern one of the first six universities in the U.S. to establish in the 1920's?

answer: a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC)

text: a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC)

question: What first-ever game did Northwestern host in 1939?

answer: NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship

text: NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship

question: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's vice-presidency?

text: integrated

question: What was the orginal name for Northwestern's Bryan Field?

text: Dyche Stadium

question: What merger was proposed and rejected in 1973?

question: What was Northwestern one of the first seven universities in the U.S. to establish in the 1920's?

question: What second-ever game did Northwestern host in 1939?

text: NCAA Men's Division


text: Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social risk. Some qualities of adolescents' lives that are often correlated with risky sexual behavior include higher rates of experienced abuse, lower rates of parental support and monitoring. Adolescence is also commonly a time of questioning sexuality and gender. This may involve intimate experimentation with people identifying as the same gender as well as with people of differing genders. Such exploratory sexual behavior can be seen as similar to other aspects of identity, including the exploration of vocational, social, and leisure identity, all of which involve some risk.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Given

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: engaging

text: in

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: is

text: somewhat

text: risky

text: particularly

text: for

text: adolescents

text: Having

text: unprotected

text: sex

text: using

text: poor

text: birth

text: control

text: methods

text: e.g.

text: withdrawal

text: having

text: multiple

text: sexual

text: partners

text: and

text: poor

text: communication

text: are

text: some

text: aspects

text: of

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: that

text: increase

text: individual

text: and/or

text: social

text: risk

text: Some

text: qualities

text: of

text: adolescents

text: lives

text: that

text: are

text: often

text: correlated

text: with

text: risky

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: include

text: higher

text: rates

text: of

text: experienced

text: abuse

text: lower

text: rates

text: of

text: parental

text: support

text: and

text: monitoring

text: Adolescence

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: questioning

text: sexuality

text: and

text: gender

text: This

text: may

text: involve

text: intimate

text: experimentation

text: with

text: people

text: identifying

text: as

text: the

text: same

text: gender

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: with

text: people

text: of

text: differing

text: genders

text: Such

text: exploratory

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: similar

text: to

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: identity

text: including

text: the

text: exploration

text: of

text: vocational

text: social

text: and

text: leisure

text: identity

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: involve

text: some

text: risk

question: What is an example of a poor birth control method?

answer: withdrawal

text: withdrawal

question: Are higher or lower levels of parental support associated with risky sexual behavior?

answer: lower

text: lower

question: Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity?

answer: similar

text: similar

question: Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk?

answer: increase

text: increase


text: Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: Since

text: the

text: formal

text: adoption

text: of

text: digital

text: video

text: broadcasting

text: 's

text: DVB

text: widescreen

text: HDTV

text: transmission

text: modes

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: NTSC

text: and

text: PAL

text: M

text: systems

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: European

text: PAL

text: and

text: SECAM

text: systems

text: are

text: now

text: regarded

text: as

text: standard

text: definition

text: television

text: systems

question: When was widescreen HDTV transmission modes formally adopted?

answer: early 2000s

text: early 2000s

question: In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what European system is considered a standard definition television system?

answer: SECAM systems

text: SECAM systems

question: In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a standard definition television system?

answer: PAL-M

text: PAL-M

question: 525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?

answer: standard definition television systems

text: standard definition television systems

question: What does DVD stand for?

text: digital video broadcasting's

question: When was widescreen SDTV transmission modes formally adopted?

text: early 2000s

question: In addition to the 625-line PAL system, what Asian system is considered a standard definition television system?

text: SECAM systems

question: In addition to the NTSC system, what 525-line system is considered a high definition television system?

text: PAL-M

question: 525 and 625-line systems are not considered what?

text: standard definition television systems


text: These events and the disagreements that arose from them within the Whig Party, led to its break-up and to the rupture of Burke's friendship with Fox. In debate in Parliament on Britain's relations with Russia, Fox praised the principles of the revolution, although Burke was not able to reply at this time as he was "overpowered by continued cries of question from his own side of the House". When Parliament was debating the Quebec Bill for a constitution for Canada, Fox praised the revolution and criticised some of Burke's arguments, such as hereditary power. On 6 May 1791, during another debate in Parliament on the Quebec Bill, Burke used the opportunity to answer Fox, and to condemn the new French Constitution and "the horrible consequences flowing from the French idea of the Rights of Man". Burke asserted that those ideas were the antithesis of both the British and the American constitutions. Burke was interrupted, and Fox intervened, saying that Burke should be allowed to carry on with his speech. A vote of censure was moved against Burke, however, for noticing the affairs of France, which was moved by Lord Sheffield and seconded by Fox. Pitt made a speech praising Burke, and Fox made a speech—both rebuking and complimenting Burke. He questioned the sincerity of Burke, who seemed to have forgotten the lessons he had learned from him, quoting from Burke's own speeches of fourteen and fifteen years before.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: These

text: events

text: and

text: the

text: disagreements

text: that

text: arose

text: from

text: them

text: within

text: the

text: Whig

text: Party

text: led

text: to

text: its

text: break

text: up

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: rupture

text: of

text: Burke

text: 's

text: friendship

text: with

text: Fox

text: In

text: debate

text: in

text: Parliament

text: on

text: Britain

text: 's

text: relations

text: with

text: Russia

text: Fox

text: praised

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: the

text: revolution

text: although

text: Burke

text: was

text: not

text: able

text: to

text: reply

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: as

text: he

text: was

text: overpowered

text: by

text: continued

text: cries

text: of

text: question

text: from

text: his

text: own

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: When

text: Parliament

text: was

text: debating

text: the

text: Quebec

text: Bill

text: for

text: a

text: constitution

text: for

text: Canada

text: Fox

text: praised

text: the

text: revolution

text: and

text: criticised

text: some

text: of

text: Burke

text: 's

text: arguments

text: such

text: as

text: hereditary

text: power

text: On

text: May

text: during

text: another

text: debate

text: in

text: Parliament

text: on

text: the

text: Quebec

text: Bill

text: Burke

text: used

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: answer

text: Fox

text: and

text: to

text: condemn

text: the

text: new

text: French

text: Constitution

text: and

text: the

text: horrible

text: consequences

text: flowing

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: idea

text: of

text: the

text: Rights

text: of

text: Man

text: Burke

text: asserted

text: that

text: those

text: ideas

text: were

text: the

text: antithesis

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: constitutions

text: Burke

text: was

text: interrupted

text: and

text: Fox

text: intervened

text: saying

text: that

text: Burke

text: should

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: carry

text: on

text: with

text: his

text: speech

text: A

text: vote

text: of

text: censure

text: was

text: moved

text: against

text: Burke

text: however

text: for

text: noticing

text: the

text: affairs

text: of

text: France

text: which

text: was

text: moved

text: by

text: Lord

text: Sheffield

text: and

text: seconded

text: by

text: Fox

text: Pitt

text: made

text: a

text: speech

text: praising

text: Burke

text: and

text: Fox

text: made

text: a

text: speech

text: both

text: rebuking

text: and

text: complimenting

text: Burke

text: He

text: questioned

text: the

text: sincerity

text: of

text: Burke

text: who

text: seemed

text: to

text: have

text: forgotten

text: the

text: lessons

text: he

text: had

text: learned

text: from

text: him

text: quoting

text: from

text: Burke

text: 's

text: own

text: speeches

text: of

text: fourteen

text: and

text: fifteen

text: years

text: before

question: Fox praised revolutionary principles in a debate about which country?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: What type of power did Fox think Burke was wrong about?

answer: hereditary

text: hereditary

question: Which constitution did Burke condemn on May 6, 1791?

answer: French

text: French

question: Fox quoted Burke's speeches from how long ago?

answer: fourteen and fifteen years

text: fourteen and fifteen years

question: When did Parliament debate the Quebec bill?

text: 6 May 1791

question: Who interrupted Burke?

text: Fox

question: What type of speech did Lord Sheffield give in regards to Burke?

text: both rebuking and complimenting

question: Fox quoted his own speeches from how long ago?

text: fourteen and fifteen years before

question: Who condemned the Canadian constitution?

text: Burke


text: In Chapter II, Darwin specifies that the distinction between species and varieties is arbitrary, with experts disagreeing and changing their decisions when new forms were found. He concludes that "a well-marked variety may be justly called an incipient species" and that "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties". He argues for the ubiquity of variation in nature. Historians have noted that naturalists had long been aware that the individuals of a species differed from one another, but had generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species, that archetype being a fixed ideal in the mind of God. Darwin and Wallace made variation among individuals of the same species central to understanding the natural world.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: In

text: Chapter

text: II

text: Darwin

text: specifies

text: that

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: species

text: and

text: varieties

text: is

text: arbitrary

text: with

text: experts

text: disagreeing

text: and

text: changing

text: their

text: decisions

text: when

text: new

text: forms

text: were

text: found

text: He

text: concludes

text: that

text: a

text: well

text: marked

text: variety

text: may

text: be

text: justly

text: called

text: an

text: incipient

text: species

text: and

text: that

text: species

text: are

text: only

text: strongly

text: marked

text: and

text: permanent

text: varieties

text: He

text: argues

text: for

text: the

text: ubiquity

text: of

text: variation

text: in

text: nature

text: Historians

text: have

text: noted

text: that

text: naturalists

text: had

text: long

text: been

text: aware

text: that

text: the

text: individuals

text: of

text: a

text: species

text: differed

text: from

text: one

text: another

text: but

text: had

text: generally

text: considered

text: such

text: variations

text: to

text: be

text: limited

text: and

text: unimportant

text: deviations

text: from

text: the

text: archetype

text: of

text: each

text: species

text: that

text: archetype

text: being

text: a

text: fixed

text: ideal

text: in

text: the

text: mind

text: of

text: God

text: Darwin

text: and

text: Wallace

text: made

text: variation

text: among

text: individuals

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: central

text: to

text: understanding

text: the

text: natural

text: world

question: What does Darwin believe about the differences between species and varieties?

answer: is arbitrary

text: is arbitrary

question: What does Darwin theorize about different species with regard to variety?

answer: "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties"

text: "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties"

question: What did Darwin and Wallace make central to understanding the natural world?

answer: variation among individuals of the same species

text: variation among individuals of the same species

question: What did Darwin say that a "well marked variety" could be called?

answer: incipient species"

text: incipient species"

question: What did historians say that naturalists generally thought about the differences in variations in a species?

answer: generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species

text: generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species


text: Small-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of global gold production comes from artisanal mines. In west Africa, in countries such as Mali - the third largest exporter of gold in Africa - between 20,000 and 40,000 children work in artisanal mining. Locally known as orpaillage, children as young as 6 years old work with their families. These children and families suffer chronic exposure to toxic chemicals including mercury, and do hazardous work such as digging shafts and working underground, pulling up, carrying and crushing the ore. The poor work practices harm the long term health of children, as well as release hundreds of tons of mercury every year into local rivers, ground water and lakes. Gold is important to the economy of Mali and Ghana. For Mali, it is the second largest earner of its export revenue. For many poor families with children, it is the primary and sometimes the only source of income.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Small

text: scale

text: artisanal

text: mining

text: of

text: gold

text: is

text: another

text: source

text: of

text: dangerous

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: poor

text: rural

text: areas

text: in

text: certain

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: This

text: form

text: of

text: mining

text: uses

text: labour

text: intensive

text: and

text: low

text: tech

text: methods

text: It

text: is

text: informal

text: sector

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Watch

text: group

text: estimates

text: that

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: global

text: gold

text: production

text: comes

text: from

text: artisanal

text: mines

text: In

text: west

text: Africa

text: in

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Mali

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: exporter

text: of

text: gold

text: in

text: Africa

text: between

text: and

text: children

text: work

text: in

text: artisanal

text: mining

text: Locally

text: known

text: as

text: orpaillage

text: children

text: as

text: young

text: as

text: years

text: old

text: work

text: with

text: their

text: families

text: These

text: children

text: and

text: families

text: suffer

text: chronic

text: exposure

text: to

text: toxic

text: chemicals

text: including

text: mercury

text: and

text: do

text: hazardous

text: work

text: such

text: as

text: digging

text: shafts

text: and

text: working

text: underground

text: pulling

text: up

text: carrying

text: and

text: crushing

text: the

text: ore

text: The

text: poor

text: work

text: practices

text: harm

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: health

text: of

text: children

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: release

text: hundreds

text: of

text: tons

text: of

text: mercury

text: every

text: year

text: into

text: local

text: rivers

text: ground

text: water

text: and

text: lakes

text: Gold

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: the

text: economy

text: of

text: Mali

text: and

text: Ghana

text: For

text: Mali

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: earner

text: of

text: its

text: export

text: revenue

text: For

text: many

text: poor

text: families

text: with

text: children

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: and

text: sometimes

text: the

text: only

text: source

text: of

text: income

question: What is another source of mining dangerous to children workers?

answer: gold

text: gold

question: What is the third largest exporter of gold in Africa?

answer: Mali

text: Mali

question: Why is gold vital to the people of Mali?

answer: it is the second largest earner of its export revenue

text: it is the second largest earner of its export revenue

question: What is the gold production income of poor families in Mali?

answer: primary and sometimes the only source of income

text: primary and sometimes the only source of income


text: The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans alike.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: The

text: term

text: Moors

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: a

text: broader

text: somewhat

text: derogatory

text: sense

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: Muslims

text: especially

text: those

text: of

text: Arab

text: or

text: Berber

text: descent

text: whether

text: living

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: or

text: Iberia

text: Moors

text: were

text: not

text: a

text: distinct

text: or

text: self

text: defined

text: people

text: Medieval

text: and

text: early

text: modern

text: Europeans

text: applied

text: the

text: name

text: to

text: Muslim

text: Arabs

text: Berbers

text: Black

text: Africans

text: and

text: Europeans

text: alike

question: What does the term "Moors" refer to?

answer: Muslims

text: Muslims

question: What descent of Muslims does "Moors" refer to?

answer: Arab or Berber descent

text: Arab or Berber descent

question: In Medieval and early Modern Europe what ethnicity were lumped together?

answer: Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans

text: Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Black Africans and Europeans

question: Where did "Moors" migrate from?

answer: North Africa or Iberia

text: North Africa or Iberia

question: What kind of term is "Moors"?

answer: derogatory

text: derogatory


text: The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout the Quran, is conspicuous in many of the earlier Meccan suras, in which relatively short verses throw the rhyming words into prominence. The effectiveness of such a form is evident for instance in Sura 81, and there can be no doubt that these passages impressed the conscience of the hearers. Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion. Later sections also preserve this form but the style is more expository.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: rhymed

text: prose

text: as

text: it

text: partakes

text: of

text: both

text: poetry

text: and

text: prose

text: however

text: this

text: description

text: runs

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: failing

text: to

text: convey

text: the

text: rhythmic

text: quality

text: of

text: Quranic

text: language

text: which

text: is

text: more

text: poetic

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: and

text: more

text: prose

text: like

text: in

text: others

text: Rhyme

text: while

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: Quran

text: is

text: conspicuous

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: Meccan

text: suras

text: in

text: which

text: relatively

text: short

text: verses

text: throw

text: the

text: rhyming

text: words

text: into

text: prominence

text: The

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: form

text: is

text: evident

text: for

text: instance

text: in

text: Sura

text: and

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: no

text: doubt

text: that

text: these

text: passages

text: impressed

text: the

text: conscience

text: of

text: the

text: hearers

text: Frequently

text: a

text: change

text: of

text: rhyme

text: from

text: one

text: set

text: of

text: verses

text: to

text: another

text: signals

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: discussion

text: Later

text: sections

text: also

text: preserve

text: this

text: form

text: but

text: the

text: style

text: is

text: more

text: expository

question: What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect?

answer: rhymed prose

text: rhymed prose

question: Which suras in the Quran are particularly rhythmic?

answer: earlier Meccan suras

text: earlier Meccan suras

question: What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?

answer: subject of discussion

text: subject of discussion

question: Which parts of the Quran are the least poetic?

answer: Later

text: Later

question: What description of the reading in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect?

text: rhymed prose

question: What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its unpoetic aspect?

text: rhymed prose

question: Which suras in the Quran are particularly non-rhythmic?

text: earlier Meccan suras

question: What often stays the same  along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?

text: subject of discussion

question: Which parts of the Quran are the most poetic?

text: Later


text: In the State Department, Kerry quickly earned a reputation "for being aloof, keeping to himself, and not bothering to read staff memos." Career State Department officials have complained that power has become too centralized under Kerry's leadership, which slows department operations when Kerry is on one of his frequent overseas trips. Others in State describe Kerry as having "a kind of diplomatic attention deficit disorder" as he shifts from topic to topic instead of focusing on long-term strategy. When asked whether he was traveling too much, he responded, "Hell no. I'm not slowing down." Despite Kerry's early achievements, morale at State is lower than under Hillary Clinton according to department employees. However, after Kerry's first six months in the State Department, a Gallup poll found he had high approval ratings among Americans as Secretary of State. After a year, another poll showed Kerry's favorability continued to rise. Less than two years into Kerry's term, the Foreign Policy Magazine's 2014 Ivory Tower survey of international relations scholars asked, "Who was the most effective U.S. Secretary of State in the past 50 years?"; John Kerry and Lawrence Eagleburger tied for 11th place out of the 15 confirmed Secretaries of State in that period.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: In

text: the

text: State

text: Department

text: Kerry

text: quickly

text: earned

text: a

text: reputation

text: for

text: being

text: aloof

text: keeping

text: to

text: himself

text: and

text: not

text: bothering

text: to

text: read

text: staff

text: memos

text: Career

text: State

text: Department

text: officials

text: have

text: complained

text: that

text: power

text: has

text: become

text: too

text: centralized

text: under

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: leadership

text: which

text: slows

text: department

text: operations

text: when

text: Kerry

text: is

text: on

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: frequent

text: overseas

text: trips

text: Others

text: in

text: State

text: describe

text: Kerry

text: as

text: having

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: diplomatic

text: attention

text: deficit

text: disorder

text: as

text: he

text: shifts

text: from

text: topic

text: to

text: topic

text: instead

text: of

text: focusing

text: on

text: long

text: term

text: strategy

text: When

text: asked

text: whether

text: he

text: was

text: traveling

text: too

text: much

text: he

text: responded

text: Hell

text: no

text: I

text: 'm

text: not

text: slowing

text: down

text: Despite

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: early

text: achievements

text: morale

text: at

text: State

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: under

text: Hillary

text: Clinton

text: according

text: to

text: department

text: employees

text: However

text: after

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: first

text: six

text: months

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: Department

text: a

text: Gallup

text: poll

text: found

text: he

text: had

text: high

text: approval

text: ratings

text: among

text: Americans

text: as

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: After

text: a

text: year

text: another

text: poll

text: showed

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: favorability

text: continued

text: to

text: rise

text: Less

text: than

text: two

text: years

text: into

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: term

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Policy

text: Magazine

text: 's

text: Ivory

text: Tower

text: survey

text: of

text: international

text: relations

text: scholars

text: asked

text: Who

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: effective

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: John

text: Kerry

text: and

text: Lawrence

text: Eagleburger

text: tied

text: for

text: place

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: confirmed

text: Secretaries

text: of

text: State

text: in

text: that

text: period

question: Who complained about how Kerry ran the State Dept?

answer: Career State Department officials

text: Career State Department officials

question: What was the complaint about how Kerry ran the State Dept?

answer: power has become too centralized under Kerry's leadership, which slows department operations when Kerry is on one of his frequent overseas trips

text: power has become too centralized under Kerry's leadership, which slows department operations when Kerry is on one of his frequent overseas trips

question: How had some State employees described Kerry?

answer: having "a kind of diplomatic attention deficit disorder"

text: having "a kind of diplomatic attention deficit disorder"

question: Who published the Ivory Tower Survey?

answer: Foreign Policy Magazine

text: Foreign Policy Magazine

question: What was Kerry's ranking in the Ivory Tower Survey for effectiveness as SoS?

answer: tied for 11th place out of the 15

text: tied for 11th place out of the 15


text: Dark meat, which avian myologists refer to as "red muscle", is used for sustained activity—chiefly walking, in the case of a chicken. The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells. White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying. Thus, the chicken's leg and thigh meat are dark, while its breast meat (which makes up the primary flight muscles) is white. Other birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout. Some cuts of meat including poultry expose the microscopic regular structure of intracellular muscle fibrils which can diffract light and produce iridescent colours, an optical phenomenon sometimes called structural colouration.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Dark

text: meat

text: which

text: avian

text: myologists

text: refer

text: to

text: as

text: red

text: muscle

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: sustained

text: activity

text: chiefly

text: walking

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: chicken

text: The

text: dark

text: colour

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: protein

text: myoglobin

text: which

text: plays

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: oxygen

text: uptake

text: and

text: storage

text: within

text: cells

text: White

text: muscle

text: in

text: contrast

text: is

text: suitable

text: only

text: for

text: short

text: bursts

text: of

text: activity

text: such

text: as

text: for

text: chickens

text: flying

text: Thus

text: the

text: chicken

text: 's

text: leg

text: and

text: thigh

text: meat

text: are

text: dark

text: while

text: its

text: breast

text: meat

text: which

text: makes

text: up

text: the

text: primary

text: flight

text: muscles

text: is

text: white

text: Other

text: birds

text: with

text: breast

text: muscle

text: more

text: suitable

text: for

text: sustained

text: flight

text: such

text: as

text: ducks

text: and

text: geese

text: have

text: red

text: muscle

text: and

text: therefore

text: dark

text: meat

text: throughout

text: Some

text: cuts

text: of

text: meat

text: including

text: poultry

text: expose

text: the

text: microscopic

text: regular

text: structure

text: of

text: intracellular

text: muscle

text: fibrils

text: which

text: can

text: diffract

text: light

text: and

text: produce

text: iridescent

text: colours

text: an

text: optical

text: phenomenon

text: sometimes

text: called

text: structural

text: colouration

question: Are there reasons for the dark meat  that poultry has?

answer: The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells

text: The dark colour comes from the protein myoglobin, which plays a key role in oxygen uptake and storage within cells

question: What is the white meat of chicken actually used for by the animal ?

answer: White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying

text: White muscle, in contrast, is suitable only for short bursts of activity such as, for chickens, flying

question: What causes the meat of some poultry to show rainbow like colr striations?

answer: the microscopic regular structure of intracellular muscle fibrils which can diffract light and produce iridescent colours

text: the microscopic regular structure of intracellular muscle fibrils which can diffract light and produce iridescent colours

question: Do some varities of  poultry have more dark meat than others?

answer: birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout

text: birds with breast muscle more suitable for sustained flight, such as ducks and geese, have red muscle (and therefore dark meat) throughout

question: What is the only kind of meat available in birds?

text: Dark meat

question: Why is white meat of chicken never actually used by the animal?

question: What birds have no breast muscle?

text: ducks and geese

question: What kind of meat is considered dangerous to eat?

text: dark meat


text: Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close—in conjunction—to Jupiter in the night sky; hence, he is not credited with Neptune's discovery. At his first observation in December 1612, Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day. This apparent backward motion is created when Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet. Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo's small telescope. In July 2009, University of Melbourne physicist David Jamieson announced new evidence suggesting that Galileo was at least aware that the 'star' he had observed had moved relative to the fixed stars.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: recorded

text: observations

text: ever

text: made

text: through

text: a

text: telescope

text: Galileo

text: 's

text: drawings

text: on

text: December

text: and

text: January

text: contain

text: plotted

text: points

text: that

text: match

text: up

text: with

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Neptune

text: On

text: both

text: occasions

text: Galileo

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: mistaken

text: Neptune

text: for

text: a

text: fixed

text: star

text: when

text: it

text: appeared

text: close

text: in

text: conjunction

text: to

text: Jupiter

text: in

text: the

text: night

text: sky

text: hence

text: he

text: is

text: not

text: credited

text: with

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: discovery

text: At

text: his

text: first

text: observation

text: in

text: December

text: Neptune

text: was

text: almost

text: stationary

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: because

text: it

text: had

text: just

text: turned

text: retrograde

text: that

text: day

text: This

text: apparent

text: backward

text: motion

text: is

text: created

text: when

text: Earth

text: 's

text: orbit

text: takes

text: it

text: past

text: an

text: outer

text: planet

text: Because

text: Neptune

text: was

text: only

text: beginning

text: its

text: yearly

text: retrograde

text: cycle

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: was

text: far

text: too

text: slight

text: to

text: be

text: detected

text: with

text: Galileo

text: 's

text: small

text: telescope

text: In

text: July

text: University

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: physicist

text: David

text: Jamieson

text: announced

text: new

text: evidence

text: suggesting

text: that

text: Galileo

text: was

text: at

text: least

text: aware

text: that

text: the

text: star

text: he

text: had

text: observed

text: had

text: moved

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: fixed

text: stars

question: Who drew Neptune after observing it with a telescope?

answer: Galileo

text: Galileo

question: What was Neptune mistaken for at first?

answer: a fixed star

text: a fixed star

question: What happens when Neptune goes retrograde?

answer: Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet

text: Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet

question: What date was Neptune drawn first?

answer: 28 December 1612

text: 28 December 1612

question: Who recently researched the original observation of Neptune?

answer: David Jamieson

text: David Jamieson

question: Who first recorded observations of Neptune in the 16th century?

text: Galileo

question: Who mistook Neptune for Jupiter?

text: Galileo

question: When was Galileo credited with discovering Neptune?

text: 28 December 1612

question: Who proved that the the star Galileo observed was fixed?

text: David Jamieson

question: What planet did Galileo observe at the end of its retrograde cycle?

text: Neptune

question: Who wrote about Neptune after observing it with a telescope?

text: Galileo's

question: What was Jupiter mistaken for at first?

text: Neptune

question: What doesn't happen when Neptune goes retrograde?

question: What date was Neptune talked about first?

text: 28 December 1612

question: Who first researched the original observation of Neptune?

text: David Jamieson


text: The sweet wort collected from sparging is put into a kettle, or "copper" (so called because these vessels were traditionally made from copper), and boiled, usually for about one hour. During boiling, water in the wort evaporates, but the sugars and other components of the wort remain; this allows more efficient use of the starch sources in the beer. Boiling also destroys any remaining enzymes left over from the mashing stage. Hops are added during boiling as a source of bitterness, flavour and aroma. Hops may be added at more than one point during the boil. The longer the hops are boiled, the more bitterness they contribute, but the less hop flavour and aroma remains in the beer.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: sweet

text: wort

text: collected

text: from

text: sparging

text: is

text: put

text: into

text: a

text: kettle

text: or

text: copper

text: so

text: called

text: because

text: these

text: vessels

text: were

text: traditionally

text: made

text: from

text: copper

text: and

text: boiled

text: usually

text: for

text: about

text: one

text: hour

text: During

text: boiling

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: wort

text: evaporates

text: but

text: the

text: sugars

text: and

text: other

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: wort

text: remain

text: this

text: allows

text: more

text: efficient

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: starch

text: sources

text: in

text: the

text: beer

text: Boiling

text: also

text: destroys

text: any

text: remaining

text: enzymes

text: left

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: mashing

text: stage

text: Hops

text: are

text: added

text: during

text: boiling

text: as

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: bitterness

text: flavour

text: and

text: aroma

text: Hops

text: may

text: be

text: added

text: at

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: point

text: during

text: the

text: boil

text: The

text: longer

text: the

text: hops

text: are

text: boiled

text: the

text: more

text: bitterness

text: they

text: contribute

text: but

text: the

text: less

text: hop

text: flavour

text: and

text: aroma

text: remains

text: in

text: the

text: beer

question: What is a kettle called that is used to boil sweet wort after sparging?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: How long is sweet wort boiled for after sparging?

answer: about one hour

text: about one hour

question: What does boiling sweet wort destroy?

answer: enzymes

text: enzymes

question: What affect do hops have in brewing when they brew for a long time?

answer: bitterness

text: bitterness

question: Where is the sparge collected from wort put into?

text: a kettle, or "copper"

question: When does water in the sugar evaporate?

text: During boiling

question: During what process is the remaining sugar destroyed?

text: Boiling

question: During what stage can starch sources be added at more than one point?

text: the boil

question: What increases the longer the starches are boiled?

text: bitterness


text: Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Academics

text: noted

text: that

text: with

text: her

text: videos

text: Madonna

text: was

text: subtly

text: reversing

text: the

text: usual

text: role

text: of

text: male

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: sex

text: This

text: symbolism

text: and

text: imagery

text: was

text: probably

text: the

text: most

text: prevalent

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: video

text: for

text: Like

text: a

text: Prayer

text: The

text: video

text: included

text: scenes

text: of

text: an

text: African

text: American

text: church

text: choir

text: Madonna

text: being

text: attracted

text: to

text: a

text: statue

text: of

text: a

text: black

text: saint

text: and

text: singing

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: burning

text: crosses

text: This

text: mix

text: of

text: the

text: sacred

text: and

text: the

text: profane

text: upset

text: the

text: Vatican

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: Pepsi

text: commercial

text: withdrawal

text: In

text: MTV

text: named

text: her

text: The

text: Greatest

text: Music

text: Video

text: Star

text: Ever

text: and

text: said

text: that

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: innovation

text: creativity

text: and

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: music

text: video

text: art

text: form

text: is

text: what

text: won

text: her

text: the

text: award

question: Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?

answer: Academics

text: Academics

question: In which video was it the most obvious?

answer: "Like a Prayer

text: "Like a Prayer

question: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?

answer: MTV

text: MTV

question: When was Madonna awarded the accolade?

answer: 2003


text: The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: found

text: the

text: island

text: uninhabited

text: with

text: an

text: abundance

text: of

text: trees

text: and

text: fresh

text: water

text: They

text: imported

text: livestock

text: fruit

text: trees

text: and

text: vegetables

text: and

text: built

text: a

text: chapel

text: and

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: houses

text: Though

text: they

text: formed

text: no

text: permanent

text: settlement

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: rendezvous

text: point

text: and

text: source

text: of

text: food

text: for

text: ships

text: travelling

text: from

text: Asia

text: to

text: Europe

text: and

text: frequently

text: sick

text: mariners

text: were

text: left

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: to

text: recover

text: before

text: taking

text: passage

text: on

text: the

text: next

text: ship

text: to

text: call

text: on

text: the

text: island

question: What did the island have an abundance of when discovered?

answer: trees and fresh water.

text: trees and fresh water.

question: What was imported by the settlers of the island?

answer: livestock, fruit trees and vegetables

text: livestock, fruit trees and vegetables

question: What kind of buildings were built by the settlers?

answer: a chapel and one or two houses.

text: a chapel and one or two houses.

question: Who was left on the island to recover when sick?

answer: mariners

text: mariners

question: What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe?

answer: food

text: food


text: The greatest strength increase due to drying is in the ultimate crushing strength, and strength at elastic limit in endwise compression; these are followed by the modulus of rupture, and stress at elastic limit in cross-bending, while the modulus of elasticity is least affected.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: The

text: greatest

text: strength

text: increase

text: due

text: to

text: drying

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: ultimate

text: crushing

text: strength

text: and

text: strength

text: at

text: elastic

text: limit

text: in

text: endwise

text: compression

text: these

text: are

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: modulus

text: of

text: rupture

text: and

text: stress

text: at

text: elastic

text: limit

text: in

text: cross

text: bending

text: while

text: the

text: modulus

text: of

text: elasticity

text: is

text: least

text: affected

question: What type of "ultimate" strength is one of the two types increased the most by drying wood?

answer: crushing

text: crushing

question: What property of wood is least affected by drying?

answer: elasticity

text: elasticity

question: Is strength at elastic limit in endwise compression or stress at elastic limit in cross-bending increased more by drying wood?

answer: strength at elastic limit in endwise compression

text: strength at elastic limit in endwise compression

question: Is the strength of the modulus of rupture or elasticity increased more when wood is dried?

answer: modulus of rupture

text: modulus of rupture


text: Red played an important role in Chinese philosophy. It was believed that the world was composed of five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth, and that each had a color. Red was associated with fire. Each Emperor chose the color that his fortune-tellers believed would bring the most prosperity and good fortune to his reign. During the Zhou, Han, Jin, Song and Ming Dynasties, red considered a noble color, and it was featured in all court ceremonies, from coronations to sacrificial offerings, and weddings.

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: Chinese

text: philosophy

text: It

text: was

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: world

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: five

text: elements

text: metal

text: wood

text: water

text: fire

text: and

text: earth

text: and

text: that

text: each

text: had

text: a

text: color

text: Red

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: fire

text: Each

text: Emperor

text: chose

text: the

text: color

text: that

text: his

text: fortune

text: tellers

text: believed

text: would

text: bring

text: the

text: most

text: prosperity

text: and

text: good

text: fortune

text: to

text: his

text: reign

text: During

text: the

text: Zhou

text: Han

text: Jin

text: Song

text: and

text: Ming

text: Dynasties

text: red

text: considered

text: a

text: noble

text: color

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: featured

text: in

text: all

text: court

text: ceremonies

text: from

text: coronations

text: to

text: sacrificial

text: offerings

text: and

text: weddings

question: How many elements did the Chinese philosophers think the world was made of?

answer: five

text: five

question: What element was red associated with in Chinese philosophy?

answer: fire

text: fire

question: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?

answer: all court ceremonies

text: all court ceremonies

question: In the time of the Ming Dynasty one would find what color used during sacrificial offerings?

answer: Red

text: Red

question: Outside of Fire and Earth, what three other elements did Chinese philosophers say the world was composed from?

answer: metal, wood, water

text: metal, wood, water

question: What is the color of Chinese philosophy?

text: Red

question: What five elements is the world made of according to the Ming dynasty?

text: metal, wood, water, fire and earth

question: What color was associated with water?

text: Red


text: The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing, while some samurai even gave up violence altogether and became Buddhist monks after realizing how fruitless their killings were. Some were killed as they came to terms with these realizations in the battlefield. The most defining role that Confucianism played in samurai philosophy was to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship—the loyalty that a samurai was required to show his lord.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: The

text: philosophies

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Zen

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: Confucianism

text: and

text: Shinto

text: influenced

text: the

text: samurai

text: culture

text: Zen

text: meditation

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: teaching

text: due

text: to

text: it

text: offering

text: a

text: process

text: to

text: calm

text: one

text: 's

text: mind

text: The

text: Buddhist

text: concept

text: of

text: reincarnation

text: and

text: rebirth

text: led

text: samurai

text: to

text: abandon

text: torture

text: and

text: needless

text: killing

text: while

text: some

text: samurai

text: even

text: gave

text: up

text: violence

text: altogether

text: and

text: became

text: Buddhist

text: monks

text: after

text: realizing

text: how

text: fruitless

text: their

text: killings

text: were

text: Some

text: were

text: killed

text: as

text: they

text: came

text: to

text: terms

text: with

text: these

text: realizations

text: in

text: the

text: battlefield

text: The

text: most

text: defining

text: role

text: that

text: Confucianism

text: played

text: in

text: samurai

text: philosophy

text: was

text: to

text: stress

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: lord

text: retainer

text: relationship

text: the

text: loyalty

text: that

text: a

text: samurai

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: show

text: his

text: lord

question: What philosophies were the samurai influenced by?

answer: Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto

text: Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto

question: What type of meditation did samurai do?

answer: Zen

text: Zen

question: What caused some samurai to stop fighting?

answer: The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth

text: The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth

question: What was the contribution of Confucianism to samurai?

answer: to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship

text: to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship


text: The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the central and western portions.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: highest

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: is

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: glacial

text: trough

text: of

text: the

text: Rhone

text: valley

text: with

text: the

text: Pennine

text: Alps

text: from

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: to

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: and

text: Monte

text: Rosa

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: side

text: and

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Alps

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: The

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: easterly

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: in

text: Austria

text: and

text: Slovenia

text: are

text: smaller

text: than

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: western

text: portions

question: The highest portion of the Alp's range is divided by what?

answer: the glacial trough of the Rhone valley

text: the glacial trough of the Rhone valley

question: Where are the peaks smaller in the range?

answer: the easterly portion

text: the easterly portion

question: The Bernese Alps are located in what part of the range?

answer: northern

text: northern


text: Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) leaders of Neiwo Zong and Renbam Zong, Chen states that when "the Emperor learned the actual situation of the Phachu Kargyu, the Ming court then appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang." The official posts that the Ming court established in Tibet, such as senior and junior commanders, offices of Qianhu (in charge of 1,000 households), and offices of Wanhu (in charge of 10,000 households), were all hereditary positions according to Chen, but he asserts that "the succession of some important posts still had to be approved by the emperor," while old imperial mandates had to be returned to the Ming court for renewal.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Chen

text: Qingying

text: Professor

text: of

text: History

text: and

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: History

text: Studies

text: Institute

text: under

text: the

text: China

text: Tibetology

text: Research

text: Center

text: in

text: Beijing

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: conferred

text: new

text: official

text: positions

text: on

text: ex

text: Yuan

text: Tibetan

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Phachu

text: Kargyu

text: and

text: granted

text: them

text: lower

text: ranking

text: positions

text: Of

text: the

text: county

text: zong

text: or

text: dzong

text: leaders

text: of

text: Neiwo

text: Zong

text: and

text: Renbam

text: Zong

text: Chen

text: states

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: Emperor

text: learned

text: the

text: actual

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: Phachu

text: Kargyu

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: then

text: appointed

text: the

text: main

text: Zong

text: leaders

text: to

text: be

text: senior

text: officers

text: of

text: the

text: Senior

text: Command

text: of

text: Dbus

text: and

text: Gtsang

text: The

text: official

text: posts

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: established

text: in

text: Tibet

text: such

text: as

text: senior

text: and

text: junior

text: commanders

text: offices

text: of

text: Qianhu

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: households

text: and

text: offices

text: of

text: Wanhu

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: households

text: were

text: all

text: hereditary

text: positions

text: according

text: to

text: Chen

text: but

text: he

text: asserts

text: that

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: some

text: important

text: posts

text: still

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: emperor

text: while

text: old

text: imperial

text: mandates

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: for

text: renewal

question: Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located?

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

question: Who was the Director of the History Studies Institute?

answer: Chen Qingying

text: Chen Qingying

question: How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of?

answer: 1,000 households

text: 1,000 households

question: How many households were the offices of Wanhu in charge of?

answer: 10,000 households

text: 10,000 households


text: Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply because of the implications on the sections it is connecting. Many lines have come to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards for different trains to avoid having to replace the existing rolling stock on those lines. Obviously, this requires that the economics of a particular connection must be more compelling and this has prevented complete electrification of many lines. In a few cases, there are diesel trains running along completely electrified routes and this can be due to incompatibility of electrification standards along the route.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: Additionally

text: there

text: are

text: issues

text: of

text: connections

text: between

text: different

text: electrical

text: services

text: particularly

text: connecting

text: intercity

text: lines

text: with

text: sections

text: electrified

text: for

text: commuter

text: traffic

text: but

text: also

text: between

text: commuter

text: lines

text: built

text: to

text: different

text: standards

text: This

text: can

text: cause

text: electrification

text: of

text: certain

text: connections

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: expensive

text: simply

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: implications

text: on

text: the

text: sections

text: it

text: is

text: connecting

text: Many

text: lines

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: overlaid

text: with

text: multiple

text: electrification

text: standards

text: for

text: different

text: trains

text: to

text: avoid

text: having

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: existing

text: rolling

text: stock

text: on

text: those

text: lines

text: Obviously

text: this

text: requires

text: that

text: the

text: economics

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: connection

text: must

text: be

text: more

text: compelling

text: and

text: this

text: has

text: prevented

text: complete

text: electrification

text: of

text: many

text: lines

text: In

text: a

text: few

text: cases

text: there

text: are

text: diesel

text: trains

text: running

text: along

text: completely

text: electrified

text: routes

text: and

text: this

text: can

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: incompatibility

text: of

text: electrification

text: standards

text: along

text: the

text: route

question: What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system?

answer: connections between different electrical services

text: connections between different electrical services

question: Why the commuter lines built to different standards can cause be complicated?

answer: the implications on the sections it is connecting

text: the implications on the sections it is connecting

question: What is the solution many lines came up with in order to avoid replacing present rolling stock?

answer: to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards

text: to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards

question: Why are disel trains  still used on electrified routes?

answer: due to incompatibility of electrification standards

text: due to incompatibility of electrification standards

question: What can be very inexpensive?

text: electrification of certain connections

question: What is often built to the same standards?

text: commuter lines

question: What trains run along partially electrified routes?

text: diesel

question: What is compatible along the route?

text: electrification standards

question: How many lines have come to be overlaid with single electrification standards?

text: Many


text: The London Underground in England is one of the few networks that uses a four-rail system. The additional rail carries the electrical return that, on third rail and overhead networks, is provided by the running rails. On the London Underground, a top-contact third rail is beside the track, energized at +420v DC, and a top-contact fourth rail is located centrally between the running rails at −210v DC, which combine to provide a traction voltage of 630v DC. London Underground is now upgrading its fourth rail system to 750v DC with a positive conductor rail energised to +500v DC and a negative conductor rail energised to -250v DC. However, many older sections in tunnels are still energised to 630v DC. The same system was used for Milan's earliest underground line, Milan Metro's line 1, whose more recent lines use an overhead catenary or a third rail.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: The

text: London

text: Underground

text: in

text: England

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: networks

text: that

text: uses

text: a

text: four

text: rail

text: system

text: The

text: additional

text: rail

text: carries

text: the

text: electrical

text: return

text: that

text: on

text: third

text: rail

text: and

text: overhead

text: networks

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: running

text: rails

text: On

text: the

text: London

text: Underground

text: a

text: top

text: contact

text: third

text: rail

text: is

text: beside

text: the

text: track

text: energized

text: at

text: DC

text: and

text: a

text: top

text: contact

text: fourth

text: rail

text: is

text: located

text: centrally

text: between

text: the

text: running

text: rails

text: at

text: DC

text: which

text: combine

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: traction

text: voltage

text: of

text: DC

text: London

text: Underground

text: is

text: now

text: upgrading

text: its

text: fourth

text: rail

text: system

text: to

text: DC

text: with

text: a

text: positive

text: conductor

text: rail

text: energised

text: to

text: DC

text: and

text: a

text: negative

text: conductor

text: rail

text: energised

text: to

text: DC

text: However

text: many

text: older

text: sections

text: in

text: tunnels

text: are

text: still

text: energised

text: to

text: DC

text: The

text: same

text: system

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: Milan

text: 's

text: earliest

text: underground

text: line

text: Milan

text: Metro

text: 's

text: line

text: whose

text: more

text: recent

text: lines

text: use

text: an

text: overhead

text: catenary

text: or

text: a

text: third

text: rail

question: What type of system does London Underground use?

answer: four-rail system

text: four-rail system

question: What is the purpose of the forth rail?

answer: carries the electrical return

text: carries the electrical return

question: What is the volatage surge of the third rail of London Underground system?

answer: +420v DC

text: +420v DC

question: What is the voltage of the return rail?

answer: −210v DC

text: −210v DC

question: Where was the system similar to London Underground used as well?

answer: Milan

text: Milan

question: Which system in England is one of the few to use a five-rail system?

text: The London Underground

question: On the London Underground, a bottom-contact rail is located where?

text: beside the track

question: A bottom-contact fourth rail is located where?

question: Which system is now upgrading their fifth rail system to 750v DC?

text: London Underground

question: Many newer sections in tunnels are energised to what voltage?


text: New York has been described as the "Capital of Baseball". There have been 35 Major League Baseball World Series and 73 pennants won by New York teams. It is one of only five metro areas (Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore–Washington, and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in 2000. No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once (Chicago in 1906, St. Louis in 1944, and the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989). The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Mets, who play at Citi Field in Queens, and the New York Yankees, who play at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. who compete in six games of interleague play every regular season that has also come to be called the Subway Series. The Yankees have won a record 27 championships, while the Mets have won the World Series twice. The city also was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers), who won the World Series once, and the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958. There are also two Minor League Baseball teams in the city, the Brooklyn Cyclones and Staten Island Yankees.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Capital

text: of

text: Baseball

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: World

text: Series

text: and

text: pennants

text: won

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: teams

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: five

text: metro

text: areas

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Chicago

text: Baltimore

text: Washington

text: and

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: being

text: the

text: others

text: to

text: have

text: two

text: baseball

text: teams

text: Additionally

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: World

text: Series

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: teams

text: played

text: each

text: other

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: Subway

text: Series

text: and

text: occurring

text: most

text: recently

text: in

text: No

text: other

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: had

text: this

text: happen

text: more

text: than

text: once

text: Chicago

text: in

text: St.

text: Louis

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: in

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: two

text: current

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: teams

text: are

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Mets

text: who

text: play

text: at

text: Citi

text: Field

text: in

text: Queens

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Yankees

text: who

text: play

text: at

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: who

text: compete

text: in

text: six

text: games

text: of

text: interleague

text: play

text: every

text: regular

text: season

text: that

text: has

text: also

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: Subway

text: Series

text: The

text: Yankees

text: have

text: won

text: a

text: record

text: championships

text: while

text: the

text: Mets

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: twice

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: was

text: once

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: Dodgers

text: now

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Dodgers

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: once

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Giants

text: now

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Giants

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: five

text: times

text: Both

text: teams

text: moved

text: to

text: California

text: in

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: two

text: Minor

text: League

text: Baseball

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: Cyclones

text: and

text: Staten

text: Island

text: Yankees

question: NYC is known as the Capital of which sport?

answer: Baseball

text: Baseball

question: How many Major League Baseball World Series has NYC teams won?

answer: 35

question: It is one of only five areas to contain two teams of what sport?

answer: Baseball

text: Baseball

question: How many minor league baseball teams are there in NYC?

answer: two

text: two

question: How many World Series have New York teams won?

answer: 35

question: How many Major League baseball league pennants have New York teams won?

answer: 73

question: How many professional baseball teams are located in New York?

answer: two

text: two

question: How many times have two teams from New York played against each other in the World Series?

answer: 14

question: What is the nickname for a World Series where two New York teams play against each other?

answer: Subway Series

text: Subway Series