text: The island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the outbreak of the First World War and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan a Sultanate and British protectorate.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: The

text: island

text: would

text: serve

text: Britain

text: as

text: a

text: key

text: military

text: base

text: for

text: its

text: colonial

text: routes

text: By

text: when

text: the

text: Famagusta

text: harbour

text: was

text: completed

text: Cyprus

text: was

text: a

text: strategic

text: naval

text: outpost

text: overlooking

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: the

text: crucial

text: main

text: route

text: to

text: India

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: Britain

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: overseas

text: possession

text: Following

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: decision

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: war

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Powers

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: formally

text: annexed

text: Cyprus

text: and

text: declared

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Khedivate

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Sudan

text: a

text: Sultanate

text: and

text: British

text: protectorate

question: The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: What years was the Famagusta harbour completed?

answer: 1906

question: Cyprus was a naval outpost which overlooked what canal?

answer: Suez Canal

text: Suez Canal

question: Which side did the Ottoman Empire join in World War 1?

answer: Central Powers

text: Central Powers


text: Samkhya philosophy includes a theory of gunas (qualities, innate tendencies, psyche). Guna, it states, are of three types: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative. Everything, all life forms and human beings, state Samkhya scholars, have these three gunas, but in different proportions. The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life. Samkhya theorises a pluralism of souls (Jeevatmas) who possess consciousness, but denies the existence of Ishvara (God). Classical Samkhya is considered an atheist / non-theistic Hindu philosophy.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Samkhya

text: philosophy

text: includes

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: gunas

text: qualities

text: innate

text: tendencies

text: psyche

text: Guna

text: it

text: states

text: are

text: of

text: three

text: types

text: Sattva

text: being

text: good

text: compassionate

text: illuminating

text: positive

text: and

text: constructive

text: Rajas

text: guna

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: activity

text: chaotic

text: passion

text: impulsive

text: potentially

text: good

text: or

text: bad

text: and

text: Tamas

text: being

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: darkness

text: ignorance

text: destructive

text: lethargic

text: negative

text: Everything

text: all

text: life

text: forms

text: and

text: human

text: beings

text: state

text: Samkhya

text: scholars

text: have

text: these

text: three

text: gunas

text: but

text: in

text: different

text: proportions

text: The

text: interplay

text: of

text: these

text: gunas

text: defines

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: someone

text: or

text: something

text: of

text: nature

text: and

text: determines

text: the

text: progress

text: of

text: life

text: Samkhya

text: theorises

text: a

text: pluralism

text: of

text: souls

text: Jeevatmas

text: who

text: possess

text: consciousness

text: but

text: denies

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: Ishvara

text: God

text: Classical

text: Samkhya

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: atheist

text: non

text: theistic

text: Hindu

text: philosophy

question: How many types of Guna exist in Hindu philosophy?

answer: three

text: three

question: Which state of guna is that of compassion, positiveness, and goodness?

answer: Sattva

text: Sattva

question: Which type of guna is concened with passion and activity?

answer: Rajas

text: Rajas

question: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?

answer: Tamas

text: Tamas

question: What is the interpretation of classical  of Samkhya?

answer: atheist / non-theistic

text: atheist / non-theistic

question: How many types of Sattva are there?

text: three

question: What do all life forms have in equal proportion?

text: three gunas

question: Why is Samkhya considered theistic?

text: denies the existence of Ishvara (God)

question: The fact that Samkhya denies the existence of a soul makes it what?

text: atheist / non-theistic

question: What does Ishvara determine in a person's life?

text: the character of someone or something


text: The political situation in England rapidly began to deteriorate. Longchamp refused to work with Puiset and became unpopular with the English nobility and clergy. John exploited this unpopularity to set himself up as an alternative ruler with his own royal court, complete with his own justiciar, chancellor and other royal posts, and was happy to be portrayed as an alternative regent, and possibly the next king. Armed conflict broke out between John and Longchamp, and by October 1191 Longchamp was isolated in the Tower of London with John in control of the city of London, thanks to promises John had made to the citizens in return for recognition as Richard's heir presumptive. At this point Walter of Coutances, the Archbishop of Rouen, returned to England, having been sent by Richard to restore order. John's position was undermined by Walter's relative popularity and by the news that Richard had married whilst in Cyprus, which presented the possibility that Richard would have legitimate children and heirs.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: political

text: situation

text: in

text: England

text: rapidly

text: began

text: to

text: deteriorate

text: Longchamp

text: refused

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: Puiset

text: and

text: became

text: unpopular

text: with

text: the

text: English

text: nobility

text: and

text: clergy

text: John

text: exploited

text: this

text: unpopularity

text: to

text: set

text: himself

text: up

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: ruler

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: royal

text: court

text: complete

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: justiciar

text: chancellor

text: and

text: other

text: royal

text: posts

text: and

text: was

text: happy

text: to

text: be

text: portrayed

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: regent

text: and

text: possibly

text: the

text: next

text: king

text: Armed

text: conflict

text: broke

text: out

text: between

text: John

text: and

text: Longchamp

text: and

text: by

text: October

text: Longchamp

text: was

text: isolated

text: in

text: the

text: Tower

text: of

text: London

text: with

text: John

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: London

text: thanks

text: to

text: promises

text: John

text: had

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: citizens

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: recognition

text: as

text: Richard

text: 's

text: heir

text: presumptive

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: Walter

text: of

text: Coutances

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Rouen

text: returned

text: to

text: England

text: having

text: been

text: sent

text: by

text: Richard

text: to

text: restore

text: order

text: John

text: 's

text: position

text: was

text: undermined

text: by

text: Walter

text: 's

text: relative

text: popularity

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: news

text: that

text: Richard

text: had

text: married

text: whilst

text: in

text: Cyprus

text: which

text: presented

text: the

text: possibility

text: that

text: Richard

text: would

text: have

text: legitimate

text: children

text: and

text: heirs

question: Who refused to work with Puiset?

answer: Longchamp

text: Longchamp

question: When was Longchamp isolated in the Tower of London?

answer: October 1191

text: October 1191

question: Where did Walter of Coutances return to?

answer: England

text: England


text: As a schoolboy, Gaddafi adopted the ideologies of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, influenced in particular by Nasserism, the thought of Egyptian revolutionary and president Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom Gaddafi adopted as his hero. During the early 1970s, Gaddafi formulated his own particular approach to Arab nationalism and socialism, known as Third International Theory, which has been described as a combination of "utopian socialism, Arab nationalism, and the Third World revolutionary theory that was in vogue at the time". He laid out the principles of this Theory in the three volumes of The Green Book, in which he sought to "explain the structure of the ideal society." His Arab nationalist views led him to believe that there needed to be unity across the Arab world, combining the Arab nation under a single nation-state. He described his approach to economics as "Islamic socialism", although biographers Blundy and Lycett noted that Gaddafi's socialism had a "curiously Marxist undertone", with political scientist Sami Hajjar arguing that Gaddafi's model of socialism offered a simplification of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' theories. Gaddafi saw his socialist Jamahiriyah as a model for the Arab, Islamic, and non-aligned worlds to follow.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: As

text: a

text: schoolboy

text: Gaddafi

text: adopted

text: the

text: ideologies

text: of

text: Arab

text: nationalism

text: and

text: Arab

text: socialism

text: influenced

text: in

text: particular

text: by

text: Nasserism

text: the

text: thought

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: revolutionary

text: and

text: president

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: whom

text: Gaddafi

text: adopted

text: as

text: his

text: hero

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: Gaddafi

text: formulated

text: his

text: own

text: particular

text: approach

text: to

text: Arab

text: nationalism

text: and

text: socialism

text: known

text: as

text: Third

text: International

text: Theory

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: utopian

text: socialism

text: Arab

text: nationalism

text: and

text: the

text: Third

text: World

text: revolutionary

text: theory

text: that

text: was

text: in

text: vogue

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: He

text: laid

text: out

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: this

text: Theory

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: volumes

text: of

text: The

text: Green

text: Book

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: sought

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: ideal

text: society

text: His

text: Arab

text: nationalist

text: views

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: there

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: unity

text: across

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: combining

text: the

text: Arab

text: nation

text: under

text: a

text: single

text: nation

text: state

text: He

text: described

text: his

text: approach

text: to

text: economics

text: as

text: Islamic

text: socialism

text: although

text: biographers

text: Blundy

text: and

text: Lycett

text: noted

text: that

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: socialism

text: had

text: a

text: curiously

text: Marxist

text: undertone

text: with

text: political

text: scientist

text: Sami

text: Hajjar

text: arguing

text: that

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: model

text: of

text: socialism

text: offered

text: a

text: simplification

text: of

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: and

text: Friedrich

text: Engels

text: theories

text: Gaddafi

text: saw

text: his

text: socialist

text: Jamahiriyah

text: as

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: the

text: Arab

text: Islamic

text: and

text: non

text: aligned

text: worlds

text: to

text: follow

question: What philosophy was named for Gamal Abdel Nasser?

answer: Nasserism

text: Nasserism

question: What did Gaddafi call his political philosophy created in the 1970s?

answer: Third International Theory

text: Third International Theory

question: What philosophy was combined with socialism and nationalism to form Third International Theory?

answer: Third World revolutionary theory

text: Third World revolutionary theory

question: The Green Book consisted of how many volumes?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the occupation of Sami Hajjar?

answer: political scientist

text: political scientist


text: The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: The

text: Suez

text: crisis

text: and

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: Eden

text: 's

text: successor

text: led

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: personal

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: Queen

text: In

text: a

text: magazine

text: which

text: he

text: owned

text: and

text: edited

text: Lord

text: Altrincham

text: accused

text: her

text: of

text: being

text: out

text: of

text: touch

text: Altrincham

text: was

text: denounced

text: by

text: public

text: figures

text: and

text: slapped

text: by

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: appalled

text: by

text: his

text: comments

text: Six

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: Macmillan

text: resigned

text: and

text: advised

text: the

text: Queen

text: to

text: appoint

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Home

text: as

text: prime

text: minister

text: advice

text: that

text: she

text: followed

text: The

text: Queen

text: again

text: came

text: under

text: criticism

text: for

text: appointing

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: ministers

text: or

text: a

text: single

text: minister

text: In

text: the

text: Conservatives

text: adopted

text: a

text: formal

text: mechanism

text: for

text: electing

text: a

text: leader

text: thus

text: relieving

text: her

text: of

text: involvement

question: Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?

answer: Suez crisis

text: Suez crisis

question: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?

answer: out of touch

text: out of touch

question: When did Macmillan resign?

answer: 1963

question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?

answer: Earl of Home

text: Earl of Home

question: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?

answer: 1965

question: In what year did Lord Altrincham begin to own a newspaper?

question: Who was one of the prominent people who criticized Elizabeth for appointing the Earl of Home as prime minister?

text: Lord Altrincham

question: In what year did Lord Altrincham die?

question: How many ministers did Elizabeth consult before naming Eden as the prime minister?

text: a single minister

question: In what year did the Earl of Home receive his title?


text: The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierarchy among the races. Blumenbach also noted the graded transition in appearances from one group to adjacent groups and suggested that "one variety of mankind does so sensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them".

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: The

text: treatise

text: The

text: Natural

text: Varieties

text: of

text: Mankind

text: by

text: Johann

text: Friedrich

text: Blumenbach

text: proposed

text: five

text: major

text: divisions

text: the

text: Caucasoid

text: race

text: Mongoloid

text: race

text: Ethiopian

text: race

text: later

text: termed

text: Negroid

text: and

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: narrower

text: Ethiopid

text: race

text: American

text: Indian

text: race

text: and

text: Malayan

text: race

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: propose

text: any

text: hierarchy

text: among

text: the

text: races

text: Blumenbach

text: also

text: noted

text: the

text: graded

text: transition

text: in

text: appearances

text: from

text: one

text: group

text: to

text: adjacent

text: groups

text: and

text: suggested

text: that

text: one

text: variety

text: of

text: mankind

text: does

text: so

text: sensibly

text: pass

text: into

text: the

text: other

text: that

text: you

text: can

text: not

text: mark

text: out

text: the

text: limits

text: between

text: them

question: What year was Blumenbach's treatise published?

answer: 1775

question: How many divisions did Blumenbach's treatise specify?

answer: five

text: five

question: What race was later renamed to Negroid?

answer: Ethiopian

text: Ethiopian

question: What type of transition was noted from one group to the next?

answer: graded

text: graded

question: What can one not mark between the variety of mankind?

answer: limits

text: limits


text: The possibility of unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public, and is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition, alongside that gained by teams winning the competition. Almost every club in the League Pyramid has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history. It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top Premier League team suffers an upset defeat, or where the giant-killer is a non-league club, i.e. from outside the professional levels of The Football League.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: possibility

text: of

text: unlikely

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: earlier

text: rounds

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: where

text: lower

text: ranked

text: teams

text: beat

text: higher

text: placed

text: opposition

text: known

text: as

text: giant

text: killings

text: is

text: much

text: anticipated

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: tradition

text: and

text: prestige

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: alongside

text: that

text: gained

text: by

text: teams

text: winning

text: the

text: competition

text: Almost

text: every

text: club

text: in

text: the

text: League

text: Pyramid

text: has

text: a

text: fondly

text: remembered

text: giant

text: killing

text: act

text: in

text: its

text: history

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: particularly

text: newsworthy

text: when

text: a

text: top

text: Premier

text: League

text: team

text: suffers

text: an

text: upset

text: defeat

text: or

text: where

text: the

text: giant

text: killer

text: is

text: a

text: non

text: league

text: club

text: i.e.

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: professional

text: levels

text: of

text: The

text: Football

text: League

question: Do people look forward to Cinderella matches?

answer: where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public

text: where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public

question: What do people think about giant killers?

answer: is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition

text: is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition

question: Does giant killing happen often?

answer: Almost every club in the League Pyramid has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history

text: Almost every club in the League Pyramid has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history

question: Does the media showcase giant killers?

answer: . It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top Premier League team suffers an upset defeat, or where the giant-killer is a non-league club

text: . It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top Premier League team suffers an upset defeat, or where the giant-killer is a non-league club

question: What is a giant killer?

answer: unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition

text: unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition

question: What is it called when a higher ranked team beats a lower ranked team?

text: "giant killings"

question: What is not considered an important part of the tradition?

question: What is not considered newsworthy?

question: What does no club in the League Pyramid remember fondly?

text: giant-killing act in its history


text: In 1982, Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh. Later the Regis McKenna team grew to include Jane Anderson, Katie Cadigan and Andy Cunningham, who eventually led the Apple account for the agency. Cunningham and Anderson were the primary authors of the Macintosh launch plan. The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: Regis

text: McKenna

text: was

text: brought

text: in

text: to

text: shape

text: the

text: marketing

text: and

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: Later

text: the

text: Regis

text: McKenna

text: team

text: grew

text: to

text: include

text: Jane

text: Anderson

text: Katie

text: Cadigan

text: and

text: Andy

text: Cunningham

text: who

text: eventually

text: led

text: the

text: Apple

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: agency

text: Cunningham

text: and

text: Anderson

text: were

text: the

text: primary

text: authors

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: launch

text: plan

text: The

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: pioneered

text: many

text: different

text: tactics

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: today

text: in

text: launching

text: technology

text: products

text: including

text: the

text: multiple

text: exclusive

text: event

text: marketing

text: credited

text: to

text: John

text: Sculley

text: who

text: brought

text: the

text: concept

text: over

text: from

text: Pepsi

text: creating

text: a

text: mystique

text: around

text: a

text: product

text: and

text: giving

text: an

text: inside

text: look

text: into

text: a

text: product

text: 's

text: creation

question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?

answer: Regis McKenna

text: Regis McKenna

question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Macintosh launch plan?

answer: primary authors

text: primary authors

question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Apple?

answer: John Sculley

text: John Sculley

question: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?

answer: Pepsi

text: Pepsi

question: What did the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?

answer: a mystique

text: a mystique

question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1928?

text: Regis McKenna

question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Microsoft launch plan?

text: primary authors

question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Microsoft?

text: John Sculley

question: Which company last used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?

text: Pepsi

question: What didn't the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?

text: a mystique


text: After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: After

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: thousands

text: of

text: temporary

text: visitors

text: were

text: soon

text: withdrawn

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: resumed

text: full

text: control

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: EIC

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: the

text: packet

text: schooner

text: St

text: Helena

text: which

text: made

text: multiple

text: trips

text: per

text: year

text: between

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: Cape

text: carrying

text: passengers

text: both

text: ways

text: and

text: supplies

text: of

text: wine

text: and

text: provisions

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: island

question: Who took full control of the island after Napoleon's death?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company

question: The EIC made what available to the government of the island between 1815 and 1830?

answer: the packet schooner St Helena

text: the packet schooner St Helena

question: The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island?

answer: wine and provisions

text: wine and provisions


text: In the 5th-century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art. The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia was decorated with mosaics of high artistic quality in 425–430. The vaults of the small, cross-shaped structure are clad with mosaics on blue background. The central motif above the crossing is a golden cross in the middle of the starry sky. Another great building established by Galla Placidia was the church of San Giovanni Evangelista. She erected it in fulfillment of a vow that she made having escaped from a deadly storm in 425 on the sea voyage from Constantinople to Ravenna. The mosaics depicted the storm, portraits of members of the western and eastern imperial family and the bishop of Ravenna, Peter Chrysologus. They are known only from Renaissance sources because almost all were destroyed in 1747.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Ravenna

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: became

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: late

text: Roman

text: mosaic

text: art

text: The

text: Mausoleum

text: of

text: Galla

text: Placidia

text: was

text: decorated

text: with

text: mosaics

text: of

text: high

text: artistic

text: quality

text: in

text: The

text: vaults

text: of

text: the

text: small

text: cross

text: shaped

text: structure

text: are

text: clad

text: with

text: mosaics

text: on

text: blue

text: background

text: The

text: central

text: motif

text: above

text: the

text: crossing

text: is

text: a

text: golden

text: cross

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: starry

text: sky

text: Another

text: great

text: building

text: established

text: by

text: Galla

text: Placidia

text: was

text: the

text: church

text: of

text: San

text: Giovanni

text: Evangelista

text: She

text: erected

text: it

text: in

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: a

text: vow

text: that

text: she

text: made

text: having

text: escaped

text: from

text: a

text: deadly

text: storm

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: sea

text: voyage

text: from

text: Constantinople

text: to

text: Ravenna

text: The

text: mosaics

text: depicted

text: the

text: storm

text: portraits

text: of

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: and

text: eastern

text: imperial

text: family

text: and

text: the

text: bishop

text: of

text: Ravenna

text: Peter

text: Chrysologus

text: They

text: are

text: known

text: only

text: from

text: Renaissance

text: sources

text: because

text: almost

text: all

text: were

text: destroyed

text: in

question: In the 5th century what was the capital of the Western Roman Empire?

answer: Ravenna

text: Ravenna

question: What years was the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia decorated with mosaics?

answer: 425–430

question: What other famous landmark in Ravenna was established by Galla Placidia?

answer: the church of San Giovanni Evangelista

text: the church of San Giovanni Evangelista

question: Why did Galla Placidia erect the church of San Giovanni Evangelista?

answer: fulfillment of a vow

text: fulfillment of a vow

question: When were most of the mosaics at the church of San Giovanni Evangelista destroyed?

answer: 1747


text: Following the 1914–15 edition, the competition was suspended due to the First World War, and didn't resume until 1919–20. The 1922–23 competition saw the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium (known at the time as the Empire Stadium). Due to the outbreak of World War II, the competition wasn't played between the 1938–39 and 1945–46 editions. Due to the wartime breaks, the competition didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81; fittingly the final featured a goal by Ricky Villa which was later voted the greatest goal ever scored at Wembley Stadium, but has since been replaced by Steven Gerrard.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: Following

text: the

text: edition

text: the

text: competition

text: was

text: suspended

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: did

text: n't

text: resume

text: until

text: The

text: competition

text: saw

text: the

text: first

text: final

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: newly

text: opened

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: known

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: competition

text: was

text: n't

text: played

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: editions

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: wartime

text: breaks

text: the

text: competition

text: did

text: n't

text: celebrate

text: its

text: centenary

text: year

text: until

text: fittingly

text: the

text: final

text: featured

text: a

text: goal

text: by

text: Ricky

text: Villa

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: voted

text: the

text: greatest

text: goal

text: ever

text: scored

text: at

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: but

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: Steven

text: Gerrard

question: Was competition suspended due to the first world war?

answer: competition was suspended due to the First World War

text: competition was suspended due to the First World War

question: what year did competition resume after world war 1?

answer: 1919–20.

question: When did Wembly stadium open?

answer: 1922–23

question: What was Webly stadium called at that time?

answer: Empire Stadium

text: Empire Stadium

question: When did the competition celebrate its centennial?

answer: didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81

text: didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81

question: Who replaced the goal scored by Steven Gerrard?

text: Ricky Villa

question: What season did Steven Gerrard score a goal?

question: Which season did Wembly stadium close?

question: What season did the Empire Stadium become Wembly Stadium?

question: Why was the Empire Stadium renamed to Wembly Stadium?

text: Due to the outbreak of World War II


text: In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities in Somalia, to help Somalis that have suffered as a consequence of floods and/or droughts, or to gather funds for the creation of new mosques like the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque, which is currently undergoing construction in the Twin cities.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: In

text: the

text: Somali

text: diaspora

text: multiple

text: Islamic

text: fundraising

text: events

text: are

text: held

text: every

text: year

text: in

text: cities

text: like

text: Birmingham

text: London

text: Toronto

text: and

text: Minneapolis

text: where

text: Somali

text: scholars

text: and

text: professionals

text: give

text: lectures

text: and

text: answer

text: questions

text: from

text: the

text: audience

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: these

text: events

text: is

text: usually

text: to

text: raise

text: money

text: for

text: new

text: schools

text: or

text: universities

text: in

text: Somalia

text: to

text: help

text: Somalis

text: that

text: have

text: suffered

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: floods

text: and/or

text: droughts

text: or

text: to

text: gather

text: funds

text: for

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: mosques

text: like

text: the

text: Abuubakar

text: As

text: Saddique

text: Mosque

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: undergoing

text: construction

text: in

text: the

text: Twin

text: cities

question: Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis?

answer: Toronto

text: Toronto

question: What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?

answer: the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque

text: the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque

question: Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising?

answer: droughts

text: droughts

question: Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising?

answer: schools

text: schools


text: In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: In

text: ’s

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: endured

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: strikes

text: which

text: challenged

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: Greek

text: Uprising

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: evidenced

text: internal

text: and

text: military

text: weakness

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: caused

text: severe

text: atrocities

text: by

text: Ottoman

text: military

text: forces

text: see

text: Chios

text: massacre

text: The

text: disbandment

text: of

text: the

text: centuries

text: old

text: Janissary

text: corps

text: by

text: Sultan

text: Mahmud

text: II

text: on

text: June

text: Auspicious

text: Incident

text: was

text: a

text: good

text: deed

text: for

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: longer

text: term

text: but

text: it

text: has

text: deprived

text: the

text: country

text: from

text: its

text: army

text: forces

text: for

text: the

text: nearest

text: future

text: In

text: the

text: allied

text: Anglo

text: Franco

text: Russian

text: fleet

text: destroyed

text: almost

text: all

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: naval

text: forces

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Navarino

text: In

text: Greece

text: becomes

text: an

text: independent

text: state

text: after

text: years

text: of

text: independence

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: Russo

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Adrianople

text: Russian

text: and

text: European

text: commercial

text: ships

text: were

text: authorized

text: to

text: freely

text: pass

text: through

text: Black

text: Sea

text: straits

text: Serbia

text: received

text: autonomy

text: and

text: Danubian

text: Principalities

text: Moldavia

text: and

text: Walachia

text: became

text: the

text: territories

text: under

text: Russian

text: protection

question: In what year did The Greek Uprising take place?

answer: 1821

question: Who disbanded the Janissary corps?

answer: Sultan Mahmud II

text: Sultan Mahmud II

question: In what year was the Janissary corp disbanded?

answer: 1826

question: Who destroyed most of the Ottoman's naval forces during the Battle of Navarino?

answer: the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet

text: the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet

question: In what year did Greece finally become an independent state?

answer: 1830


text: In 2012, the Pan American Health Organization (the North and South American branch of the World Health Organization) released a statement cautioning against services that purport to "cure" people with non-heterosexual sexual orientations as they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people, and noted that the global scientific and professional consensus is that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation of human sexuality and cannot be regarded as a pathological condition. The Pan American Health Organization further called on governments, academic institutions, professional associations and the media to expose these practices and to promote respect for diversity. The World Health Organization affiliate further noted that gay minors have sometimes been forced to attend these "therapies" involuntarily, being deprived of their liberty and sometimes kept in isolation for several months, and that these findings were reported by several United Nations bodies. Additionally, the Pan American Health Organization recommended that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation, as they constitute a violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate human rights that are protected by international and regional agreements.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: In

text: the

text: Pan

text: American

text: Health

text: Organization

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: American

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: released

text: a

text: statement

text: cautioning

text: against

text: services

text: that

text: purport

text: to

text: cure

text: people

text: with

text: non

text: heterosexual

text: sexual

text: orientations

text: as

text: they

text: lack

text: medical

text: justification

text: and

text: represent

text: a

text: serious

text: threat

text: to

text: the

text: health

text: and

text: well

text: being

text: of

text: affected

text: people

text: and

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: global

text: scientific

text: and

text: professional

text: consensus

text: is

text: that

text: homosexuality

text: is

text: a

text: normal

text: and

text: natural

text: variation

text: of

text: human

text: sexuality

text: and

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: pathological

text: condition

text: The

text: Pan

text: American

text: Health

text: Organization

text: further

text: called

text: on

text: governments

text: academic

text: institutions

text: professional

text: associations

text: and

text: the

text: media

text: to

text: expose

text: these

text: practices

text: and

text: to

text: promote

text: respect

text: for

text: diversity

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: affiliate

text: further

text: noted

text: that

text: gay

text: minors

text: have

text: sometimes

text: been

text: forced

text: to

text: attend

text: these

text: therapies

text: involuntarily

text: being

text: deprived

text: of

text: their

text: liberty

text: and

text: sometimes

text: kept

text: in

text: isolation

text: for

text: several

text: months

text: and

text: that

text: these

text: findings

text: were

text: reported

text: by

text: several

text: United

text: Nations

text: bodies

text: Additionally

text: the

text: Pan

text: American

text: Health

text: Organization

text: recommended

text: that

text: such

text: malpractices

text: be

text: denounced

text: and

text: subject

text: to

text: sanctions

text: and

text: penalties

text: under

text: national

text: legislation

text: as

text: they

text: constitute

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: ethical

text: principles

text: of

text: health

text: care

text: and

text: violate

text: human

text: rights

text: that

text: are

text: protected

text: by

text: international

text: and

text: regional

text: agreements

question: When did part of the world health organization release a statement about curing homosexuals?

answer: 2012,

question: Why did the Pan American Health Organization release this statement?

answer: they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people,

text: they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people,

question: What condition do they state cannot be linked to homosexuality?

answer: pathological condition

text: pathological condition

question: What did the Pan American Health Organization reccomend for those who used treatment to stop homosexuality?

answer: that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation,

text: that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation,

question: What did the Pan American Health organization say these treatments violated?

answer: violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate human rights that are protected by international and regional agreements.

text: violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate human rights that are protected by international and regional agreements.


text: Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian Genocide.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Armenians

text: constitute

text: the

text: main

text: population

text: of

text: Armenia

text: and

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: wide

text: ranging

text: diaspora

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: full

text: or

text: partial

text: Armenian

text: ancestry

text: living

text: outside

text: of

text: modern

text: Armenia

text: The

text: largest

text: Armenian

text: populations

text: today

text: exist

text: in

text: Russia

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: Georgia

text: Iran

text: Ukraine

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: Syria

text: With

text: the

text: exceptions

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: states

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: was

text: formed

text: mainly

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

question: Where do Armenians mostly live besides Armenia?

answer: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

text: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

question: How many Armenians live outside Armenia and the republic within it?

answer: around 5 million

text: around 5 million

question: Where do most emigrant Armenians live?

answer: Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria

text: Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria

question: Why did many Armenians leave Armenia?

answer: the Armenian Genocide

text: the Armenian Genocide

question: Where to Russians live besides Armenia?

text: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

question: How many people of Ukranian ancestry live in Russia?

text: around 5 million

question: Why did many Armenians leave Iran?

text: the Armenian Genocide

question: Where have people from the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic immigrated to?

question: Of what ancestry are people who have emigrated outside of the US?

text: Armenian


text: Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay Z's "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her first solo album Dangerously in Love was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, "Crazy in Love", featuring Jay Z, became Beyoncé's first number-one single as a solo artist in the US. The single "Baby Boy" also reached number one, and singles, "Me, Myself and I" and "Naughty Girl", both reached the top-five. The album earned Beyoncé a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards; Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Dangerously in Love 2", Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Crazy in Love", and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for "The Closer I Get to You" with Luther Vandross.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: first

text: solo

text: recording

text: was

text: a

text: feature

text: on

text: Jay

text: Z

text: 's

text: Bonnie

text: Clyde

text: that

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: October

text: peaking

text: at

text: number

text: four

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: chart

text: Her

text: first

text: solo

text: album

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: June

text: after

text: Michelle

text: Williams

text: and

text: Kelly

text: Rowland

text: had

text: released

text: their

text: solo

text: efforts

text: The

text: album

text: sold

text: copies

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: week

text: debuted

text: atop

text: the

text: Billboard

text: and

text: has

text: since

text: sold

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: The

text: album

text: 's

text: lead

text: single

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: featuring

text: Jay

text: Z

text: became

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: first

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: as

text: a

text: solo

text: artist

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: The

text: single

text: Baby

text: Boy

text: also

text: reached

text: number

text: one

text: and

text: singles

text: Me

text: Myself

text: and

text: I

text: and

text: Naughty

text: Girl

text: both

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: The

text: album

text: earned

text: Beyoncé

text: a

text: then

text: record

text: tying

text: five

text: awards

text: at

text: the

text: Annual

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: Best

text: Contemporary

text: R&B

text: Album

text: Best

text: Female

text: R&B

text: Vocal

text: Performance

text: for

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: Best

text: R&B

text: Song

text: and

text: Best

text: Rap

text: Sung

text: Collaboration

text: for

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: and

text: Best

text: R&B

text: Performance

text: by

text: a

text: Duo

text: or

text: Group

text: with

text: Vocals

text: for

text: The

text: Closer

text: I

text: Get

text: to

text: You

text: with

text: Luther

text: Vandross

question: What was the highest Beyonce's first solo recording achieved in the Billboard Hot 100?

answer: number four

text: number four

question: Beyonce's first album by herself was called what?

answer: Dangerously in Love

text: Dangerously in Love

question: How many has "Dangerously in Love" sould worldwide since its debut?

answer: 11 million

text: 11 million

question: Beyonce's first number one song was which song?

answer: Crazy in Love

text: Crazy in Love

question: How many top five singles came from her first album?

answer: four

text: four

question: Beyonce's first solo album in the U.S. with what artist in the lead single?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: What solo album did Beyonce release in 2003?

answer: Dangerously in Love

text: Dangerously in Love

question: The album, Dangerously in Love  achieved what spot on the Billboard Top 100 chart?

answer: number four

text: number four

question: "The Closer I get to You" was recorded with which artist?

answer: Luther Vandross

text: Luther Vandross

question: Which artist was associated with Beyoncé's premiere solo recording?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: When did Beyoncé release her first solo album?

answer: June 24, 2003

text: June 24, 2003

question: What is the lead single on Beyoncé's first album?

answer: Crazy in Love

text: Crazy in Love

question: Who helped Beyoncé earn a Grammy award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group at the 46th annual Grammy Awards?

answer: Luther Vandross.

text: Luther Vandross.

question: How many awards did Beyoncé win at the 46th Grammy's Awards?

answer: five.

text: five.


text: In the context of trademarks, this expansion has been driven by international efforts to harmonise the definition of "trademark", as exemplified by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified in 1994, which formalized regulations for IP rights that had been handled by common law, or not at all, in member states. Pursuant to TRIPs, any sign which is "capable of distinguishing" the products or services of one business from the products or services of another business is capable of constituting a trademark.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: trademarks

text: this

text: expansion

text: has

text: been

text: driven

text: by

text: international

text: efforts

text: to

text: harmonise

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: trademark

text: as

text: exemplified

text: by

text: the

text: Agreement

text: on

text: Trade

text: Related

text: Aspects

text: of

text: Intellectual

text: Property

text: Rights

text: ratified

text: in

text: which

text: formalized

text: regulations

text: for

text: IP

text: rights

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: handled

text: by

text: common

text: law

text: or

text: not

text: at

text: all

text: in

text: member

text: states

text: Pursuant

text: to

text: TRIPs

text: any

text: sign

text: which

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: distinguishing

text: the

text: products

text: or

text: services

text: of

text: one

text: business

text: from

text: the

text: products

text: or

text: services

text: of

text: another

text: business

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: constituting

text: a

text: trademark

question: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified?

answer: 1994

question: What type of law handled IP rights before 1994 in TRIP signatories?

answer: common law

text: common law

question: What type of IP did the TRIP agreement harmonize the definition of?

answer: trademark

text: trademark

question: What is any sign which is capable of distinguishing one business's product from another business's?

answer: a trademark

text: a trademark

question: What type of law handled IP rights after 1994?

text: common law

question: What type of IP did the TRIP agreement muddied the definition of?

text: trademarks

question: What is a sign that is often shared between one business and another?

text: trademarks

question: Before TRIP how was a trademark defined?


text: By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market share to predict Apple's impending doom, particularly in the early and mid-1990s when the company's future seemed bleakest. Others argue that market share is the wrong way to judge the Mac's success. Apple has positioned the Mac as a higher-end personal computer, and so it may be misleading to compare it to a budget PC. Because the overall market for personal computers has grown rapidly, the Mac's increasing sales numbers are effectively swamped by the industry's expanding sales volume as a whole. Apple's small market share, then, gives the impression that fewer people are using Macs than did ten years ago, when exactly the opposite is true. Soaring sales of the iPhone and iPad mean that the portion of Apple's profits represented by the Macintosh has declined in 2010, dropping to 24% from 46% two years earlier. Others try to de-emphasize market share, citing that it is rarely brought up in other industries. Regardless of the Mac's market share, Apple has remained profitable since Steve Jobs' return and the company's subsequent reorganization. Notably, a report published in the first quarter of 2008 found that Apple had a 14% market share in the personal computer market in the US, including 66% of all computers over $1,000. Market research indicates that Apple draws its customer base from a higher-income demographic than the mainstream personal computer market.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: By

text: March

text: the

text: market

text: share

text: of

text: OS

text: X

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: slightly

text: over

text: Whether

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: Mac

text: 's

text: market

text: share

text: and

text: installed

text: base

text: is

text: relevant

text: and

text: to

text: whom

text: is

text: a

text: hotly

text: debated

text: issue

text: Industry

text: pundits

text: have

text: often

text: called

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: Mac

text: 's

text: relatively

text: small

text: market

text: share

text: to

text: predict

text: Apple

text: 's

text: impending

text: doom

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: future

text: seemed

text: bleakest

text: Others

text: argue

text: that

text: market

text: share

text: is

text: the

text: wrong

text: way

text: to

text: judge

text: the

text: Mac

text: 's

text: success

text: Apple

text: has

text: positioned

text: the

text: Mac

text: as

text: a

text: higher

text: end

text: personal

text: computer

text: and

text: so

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: misleading

text: to

text: compare

text: it

text: to

text: a

text: budget

text: PC

text: Because

text: the

text: overall

text: market

text: for

text: personal

text: computers

text: has

text: grown

text: rapidly

text: the

text: Mac

text: 's

text: increasing

text: sales

text: numbers

text: are

text: effectively

text: swamped

text: by

text: the

text: industry

text: 's

text: expanding

text: sales

text: volume

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: Apple

text: 's

text: small

text: market

text: share

text: then

text: gives

text: the

text: impression

text: that

text: fewer

text: people

text: are

text: using

text: Macs

text: than

text: did

text: ten

text: years

text: ago

text: when

text: exactly

text: the

text: opposite

text: is

text: true

text: Soaring

text: sales

text: of

text: the

text: iPhone

text: and

text: iPad

text: mean

text: that

text: the

text: portion

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: profits

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: has

text: declined

text: in

text: dropping

text: to

text: from

text: two

text: years

text: earlier

text: Others

text: try

text: to

text: de

text: emphasize

text: market

text: share

text: citing

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: rarely

text: brought

text: up

text: in

text: other

text: industries

text: Regardless

text: of

text: the

text: Mac

text: 's

text: market

text: share

text: Apple

text: has

text: remained

text: profitable

text: since

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: return

text: and

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: subsequent

text: reorganization

text: Notably

text: a

text: report

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: quarter

text: of

text: found

text: that

text: Apple

text: had

text: a

text: market

text: share

text: in

text: the

text: personal

text: computer

text: market

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: including

text: of

text: all

text: computers

text: over

text: Market

text: research

text: indicates

text: that

text: Apple

text: draws

text: its

text: customer

text: base

text: from

text: a

text: higher

text: income

text: demographic

text: than

text: the

text: mainstream

text: personal

text: computer

text: market

question: What was the market share of OS X in North America by March 2011?

answer: slightly over 14%

text: slightly over 14%

question: Being positioned as a higher end PC, what is it misleading to compare the Mac to?

answer: a budget PC

text: a budget PC

question: Apple has remained profitable since what time?

answer: Steve Jobs' return

text: Steve Jobs' return

question: According to market research, who does Apple draw it's customer base from?

answer: a higher-income demographic

text: a higher-income demographic

question: Whose return to Apple resulted in the company's reorganization?

answer: Steve Jobs

text: Steve Jobs

question: What was the market share of OS X in North America by March 2012?

text: slightly over 14%

question: Being positioned as a lower end PC, what is it misleading to compare the Mac to?

text: a budget PC

question: Apple has remained unprofitable since what time?

text: Steve Jobs' return

question: According to market research, who does Microsoft draw it's customer base from?

text: a higher-income demographic

question: Whose return to Microsoft resulted in the company's reorganization?

text: Steve Jobs


text: After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western Punjab. Apollodotus I was succeeded by or ruled alongside Antimachus II, likely the son of the Bactrian king Antimachus I. In about 155 (or 165) BC he seems to have been succeeded by the most successful of the Indo-Greek kings, Menander I. Menander converted to Buddhism, and seems to have been a great patron of the religion; he is remembered in some Buddhist texts as 'Milinda'. He also expanded the kingdom further east into Punjab, though these conquests were rather ephemeral.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: After

text: Demetrius

text: death

text: civil

text: wars

text: between

text: Bactrian

text: kings

text: in

text: India

text: allowed

text: Apollodotus

text: I

text: from

text: c.

text: BCE

text: to

text: make

text: himself

text: independent

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: proper

text: Indo

text: Greek

text: king

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: rule

text: from

text: Bactria

text: Large

text: numbers

text: of

text: his

text: coins

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: he

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: reigned

text: in

text: Gandhara

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: western

text: Punjab

text: Apollodotus

text: I

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: or

text: ruled

text: alongside

text: Antimachus

text: II

text: likely

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: Bactrian

text: king

text: Antimachus

text: I.

text: In

text: about

text: or

text: BC

text: he

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: Greek

text: kings

text: Menander

text: I.

text: Menander

text: converted

text: to

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: great

text: patron

text: of

text: the

text: religion

text: he

text: is

text: remembered

text: in

text: some

text: Buddhist

text: texts

text: as

text: Milinda

text: He

text: also

text: expanded

text: the

text: kingdom

text: further

text: east

text: into

text: Punjab

text: though

text: these

text: conquests

text: were

text: rather

text: ephemeral

question: Who was the first Indo-Greek king who did not rule from Bactria?

answer: Apollodotus I

text: Apollodotus I

question: Who succeeded or ruled alongside Apollodotus I?

answer: Antimachus II

text: Antimachus II

question: Who succeeded Antimachus II?

answer: Menander I

text: Menander I

question: What religion did Menander I convert to?

answer: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

question: What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts?

answer: Milinda

text: Milinda


text: In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: grading

text: lumber

text: and

text: structural

text: timber

text: knots

text: are

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: their

text: form

text: size

text: soundness

text: and

text: the

text: firmness

text: with

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: place

text: This

text: firmness

text: is

text: affected

text: by

text: among

text: other

text: factors

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: time

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: branch

text: was

text: dead

text: while

text: the

text: attaching

text: stem

text: continued

text: to

text: grow

question: What's the process in which knots are classified called?

answer: grading

text: grading

question: Along with firmness, soundness, and form, what property of a knot is classified?

answer: size

text: size

question: What property of knots does the amount of time a branch stayed on a tree while the stem kept growing affect?

answer: firmness

text: firmness


text: Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Viking

text: raids

text: from

text: onwards

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Hamwic

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: fortified

text: settlement

text: which

text: became

text: medieval

text: Southampton

text: had

text: been

text: established

question: What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?

answer: Viking

text: Viking

question: What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic?

answer: 840

question: In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?

answer: 10th

question: What was the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement that took Hamwic's place?

answer: Southampton

text: Southampton


text: Israel retaliated against Egyptian shelling with commando raids, artillery shelling and air strikes. This resulted in an exodus of civilians from Egyptian cities along the Suez Canal's western bank. Nasser ceased all military activities and began a program to build a network of internal defenses, while receiving the financial backing of various Arab states. The war resumed in March 1969. In November, Nasser brokered an agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese military that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Israel

text: retaliated

text: against

text: Egyptian

text: shelling

text: with

text: commando

text: raids

text: artillery

text: shelling

text: and

text: air

text: strikes

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: exodus

text: of

text: civilians

text: from

text: Egyptian

text: cities

text: along

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: 's

text: western

text: bank

text: Nasser

text: ceased

text: all

text: military

text: activities

text: and

text: began

text: a

text: program

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: internal

text: defenses

text: while

text: receiving

text: the

text: financial

text: backing

text: of

text: various

text: Arab

text: states

text: The

text: war

text: resumed

text: in

text: March

text: In

text: November

text: Nasser

text: brokered

text: an

text: agreement

text: between

text: the

text: PLO

text: and

text: the

text: Lebanese

text: military

text: that

text: granted

text: Palestinian

text: guerrillas

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: use

text: Lebanese

text: territory

text: to

text: attack

text: Israel

question: What did Nasser do to respond to Israeli attacks?

answer: build a network of internal defenses

text: build a network of internal defenses

question: When did the war start up again?

answer: March 1969

text: March 1969

question: What groups did Nasser broker an agreement with?

answer: PLO and the Lebanese military

text: PLO and the Lebanese military

question: Who would get to attack Israel from Lebanon?

answer: Palestinian guerrillas

text: Palestinian guerrillas


text: Poetry is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, prosaic ostensible meaning. Poetry has traditionally been distinguished from prose by its being set in verse;[a] prose is cast in sentences, poetry in lines; the syntax of prose is dictated by meaning, whereas that of poetry is held across metre or the visual aspects of the poem. Prior to the nineteenth century, poetry was commonly understood to be something set in metrical lines; accordingly, in 1658 a definition of poetry is "any kind of subject consisting of Rythm or Verses". Possibly as a result of Aristotle's influence (his Poetics), "poetry" before the nineteenth century was usually less a technical designation for verse than a normative category of fictive or rhetorical art. As a form it may pre-date literacy, with the earliest works being composed within and sustained by an oral tradition; hence it constitutes the earliest example of literature.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Poetry

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: literary

text: art

text: which

text: uses

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: rhythmic

text: qualities

text: of

text: language

text: to

text: evoke

text: meanings

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: or

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: prosaic

text: ostensible

text: meaning

text: Poetry

text: has

text: traditionally

text: been

text: distinguished

text: from

text: prose

text: by

text: its

text: being

text: set

text: in

text: verse;[a

text: prose

text: is

text: cast

text: in

text: sentences

text: poetry

text: in

text: lines

text: the

text: syntax

text: of

text: prose

text: is

text: dictated

text: by

text: meaning

text: whereas

text: that

text: of

text: poetry

text: is

text: held

text: across

text: metre

text: or

text: the

text: visual

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: poem

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: poetry

text: was

text: commonly

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: something

text: set

text: in

text: metrical

text: lines

text: accordingly

text: in

text: a

text: definition

text: of

text: poetry

text: is

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: subject

text: consisting

text: of

text: Rythm

text: or

text: Verses

text: Possibly

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: influence

text: his

text: Poetics

text: poetry

text: before

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: was

text: usually

text: less

text: a

text: technical

text: designation

text: for

text: verse

text: than

text: a

text: normative

text: category

text: of

text: fictive

text: or

text: rhetorical

text: art

text: As

text: a

text: form

text: it

text: may

text: pre

text: date

text: literacy

text: with

text: the

text: earliest

text: works

text: being

text: composed

text: within

text: and

text: sustained

text: by

text: an

text: oral

text: tradition

text: hence

text: it

text: constitutes

text: the

text: earliest

text: example

text: of

text: literature

question: What elements of language make for poetic literature?

answer: aesthetic and rhythmic qualities

text: aesthetic and rhythmic qualities

question: Poetry is usually differentiated from prose by what factor?

answer: verse

text: verse

question: If prose uses sentences, what is the equivalent in poetry?

answer: lines

text: lines

question: Poetry was considered to need lines and meter until when?

answer: the nineteenth century

text: the nineteenth century

question: The structure of poetry may have existed before what?

answer: literacy

text: literacy

question: What two qualities are used in rhyming literary art?

text: aesthetic and rhythmic

question: How has poetry been non-traditionally distinguished from prose?

question: Prior to the eighteenth century, poetry was commonly understood to be what?

text: something set in metrical lines

question: In 1657, what was the definition used for "poetry?"

question: Poetry constitutes the second earliest example of literature and was sustained how?

text: by an oral tradition

question: What is a type of lyric art that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities?

text: Poetry

question: What has non-traditionally been the distinguishing factor between poetry and prose?

text: verse

question: How was poetry set prior to the eighteenth century?

text: in metrical lines

question: What is the 1558 definition of poetry?

question: What is poetry the latest example of?

text: literature

question: What qualities does prosaic use to evoke meanings?

text: aesthetic and rhythmic

question: What is prose cast in if poetry is cast in sentences?

text: lines

question: What is the 1568 definition of poetry?

question: Until when was prose considered to need metrical lines?

text: the nineteenth century

question: What has poetry been confirmed to pre-date?

text: literacy


text: The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and ensuring peace within the state is preserved.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: executive

text: branch

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Governor

text: their

text: staff

text: and

text: other

text: elected

text: officials

text: The

text: principal

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: the

text: Governor

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: executive

text: branch

text: serving

text: as

text: the

text: ex

text: officio

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: National

text: Guard

text: when

text: not

text: called

text: into

text: Federal

text: use

text: and

text: reserving

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: veto

text: bills

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: Legislature

text: The

text: responsibilities

text: of

text: the

text: Executive

text: branch

text: include

text: submitting

text: the

text: budget

text: ensuring

text: that

text: state

text: laws

text: are

text: enforced

text: and

text: ensuring

text: peace

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: preserved

question: Who is in the executive branch?

answer: the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials

text: the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials

question: Who commands the Oklahoma National Guard?

answer: the Governor

text: the Governor

question: Who is responsible for submitting a state budget in Oklahoma?

answer: the Executive branch

text: the Executive branch

question: Who is responsible for enforcing Oklahoma's laws?

answer: the Executive branch

text: the Executive branch


text: In the United States, botanist Asa Gray an American colleague of Darwin negotiated with a Boston publisher for publication of an authorised American version, but learnt that two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin. Darwin was delighted by the popularity of the book, and asked Gray to keep any profits. Gray managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with Appleton's of New York, who got their edition out in mid January 1860, and the other two withdrew. In a May letter, Darwin mentioned a print run of 2,500 copies, but it is not clear if this referred to the first printing only as there were four that year.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: botanist

text: Asa

text: Gray

text: an

text: American

text: colleague

text: of

text: Darwin

text: negotiated

text: with

text: a

text: Boston

text: publisher

text: for

text: publication

text: of

text: an

text: authorised

text: American

text: version

text: but

text: learnt

text: that

text: two

text: New

text: York

text: publishing

text: firms

text: were

text: already

text: planning

text: to

text: exploit

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: international

text: copyright

text: to

text: print

text: Origin

text: Darwin

text: was

text: delighted

text: by

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: and

text: asked

text: Gray

text: to

text: keep

text: any

text: profits

text: Gray

text: managed

text: to

text: negotiate

text: a

text: royalty

text: with

text: Appleton

text: 's

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: who

text: got

text: their

text: edition

text: out

text: in

text: mid

text: January

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: withdrew

text: In

text: a

text: May

text: letter

text: Darwin

text: mentioned

text: a

text: print

text: run

text: of

text: copies

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: if

text: this

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: printing

text: only

text: as

text: there

text: were

text: four

text: that

text: year

question: Why couldn't Asa Gray use a Boston publisher for an American version of On the Origin of Species?

answer: two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin

text: two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin

question: How much of a royalty was Gray able to negotiate with a New York publisher for On the Origin of Species?

answer: a 5% royalty

text: a 5% royalty

question: When was the first American edition of On the Origin of Species published?

answer: mid January 1860

text: mid January 1860

question: What did Darwin decide to do with the profits of the American version of On the Origin of Species?

answer: asked Gray to keep any profits

text: asked Gray to keep any profits

question: What was the print run that Darwin mentioned for On the Origin of Species?

answer: 2,500 copies

text: 2,500 copies


text: In addition, there are a number of dialect characters (方言字) that are not used in formal written Chinese but represent colloquial terms in non-Mandarin varieties of Chinese. One such variety is Written Cantonese, in widespread use in Hong Kong even for certain formal documents, due to the former British colonial administration's recognition of Cantonese for use for official purposes. In Taiwan, there is also an informal body of characters used to represent Hokkien Chinese. Many varieties have specific characters for words exclusive to them. For example, the vernacular character 㓾, pronounced cii11 in Hakka, means "to kill". Furthermore, Shanghainese and Sichuanese also have their own series of written text, but these are not widely used in actual texts, Mandarin being the preference for all mainland regions.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: dialect

text: characters

text: 方言字

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: formal

text: written

text: Chinese

text: but

text: represent

text: colloquial

text: terms

text: in

text: non

text: Mandarin

text: varieties

text: of

text: Chinese

text: One

text: such

text: variety

text: is

text: Written

text: Cantonese

text: in

text: widespread

text: use

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: even

text: for

text: certain

text: formal

text: documents

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: colonial

text: administration

text: 's

text: recognition

text: of

text: Cantonese

text: for

text: use

text: for

text: official

text: purposes

text: In

text: Taiwan

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: informal

text: body

text: of

text: characters

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: Hokkien

text: Chinese

text: Many

text: varieties

text: have

text: specific

text: characters

text: for

text: words

text: exclusive

text: to

text: them

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: vernacular

text: character

text: 㓾

text: pronounced

text: in

text: Hakka

text: means

text: to

text: kill

text: Furthermore

text: Shanghainese

text: and

text: Sichuanese

text: also

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: series

text: of

text: written

text: text

text: but

text: these

text: are

text: not

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: actual

text: texts

text: Mandarin

text: being

text: the

text: preference

text: for

text: all

text: mainland

text: regions

question: What are not used in formal written Chinese?

answer: dialect characters

text: dialect characters

question: What contains a block of characters used to showcase Hokkien Chinese?

answer: Taiwan

text: Taiwan

question: What was the preference for all mainland regions?

answer: Mandarin

text: Mandarin


text: along with two inequality systems expressing economic efficiency. In this model, the (transposed) probability vector p represents the prices of the goods while the probability vector q represents the "intensity" at which the production process would run. The unique solution λ represents the growth factor which is 1 plus the rate of growth of the economy; the rate of growth equals the interest rate. Proving the existence of a positive growth rate and proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: along

text: with

text: two

text: inequality

text: systems

text: expressing

text: economic

text: efficiency

text: In

text: this

text: model

text: the

text: transposed

text: probability

text: vector

text: p

text: represents

text: the

text: prices

text: of

text: the

text: goods

text: while

text: the

text: probability

text: vector

text: q

text: represents

text: the

text: intensity

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: production

text: process

text: would

text: run

text: The

text: unique

text: solution

text: λ

text: represents

text: the

text: growth

text: factor

text: which

text: is

text: plus

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: growth

text: equals

text: the

text: interest

text: rate

text: Proving

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: positive

text: growth

text: rate

text: and

text: proving

text: that

text: the

text: growth

text: rate

text: equals

text: the

text: interest

text: rate

text: were

text: remarkable

text: achievements

text: even

text: for

text: von

text: Neumann

question: In von Neumann's model what does p represent?

answer: p represents the prices of the goods

text: p represents the prices of the goods

question: In von Neumann's model what does q represent?

answer: q represents the "intensity" at which the production process would run

text: q represents the "intensity" at which the production process would run

question: What is the rate of qrowth equal to?

answer: rate of growth equals the interest rate

text: rate of growth equals the interest rate

question: Was the economic model successful?

answer: proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann

text: proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann


text: Despite popular conceptions promoted by movies and television, many US police departments prefer not to maintain officers in non-patrol bureaus and divisions beyond a certain period of time, such as in the detective bureau, and instead maintain policies that limit service in such divisions to a specified period of time, after which officers must transfer out or return to patrol duties.[citation needed] This is done in part based upon the perception that the most important and essential police work is accomplished on patrol in which officers become acquainted with their beats, prevent crime by their presence, respond to crimes in progress, manage crises, and practice their skills.[citation needed]

title: Police

title: Police

text: Despite

text: popular

text: conceptions

text: promoted

text: by

text: movies

text: and

text: television

text: many

text: US

text: police

text: departments

text: prefer

text: not

text: to

text: maintain

text: officers

text: in

text: non

text: patrol

text: bureaus

text: and

text: divisions

text: beyond

text: a

text: certain

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: detective

text: bureau

text: and

text: instead

text: maintain

text: policies

text: that

text: limit

text: service

text: in

text: such

text: divisions

text: to

text: a

text: specified

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: after

text: which

text: officers

text: must

text: transfer

text: out

text: or

text: return

text: to

text: patrol

text: duties.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: is

text: done

text: in

text: part

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: perception

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: essential

text: police

text: work

text: is

text: accomplished

text: on

text: patrol

text: in

text: which

text: officers

text: become

text: acquainted

text: with

text: their

text: beats

text: prevent

text: crime

text: by

text: their

text: presence

text: respond

text: to

text: crimes

text: in

text: progress

text: manage

text: crises

text: and

text: practice

text: their

text: skills.[citation

text: needed

question: What do some police departments make detectives go back to periodically?

answer: patrol duties

text: patrol duties

question: Where do some think the most important police work happens?

answer: on patrol

text: on patrol

question: How do patrol officers affect crime?

answer: prevent crime by their presence

text: prevent crime by their presence

question: What do some police departments make detectives never go back to?

text: patrol duties

question: What do all police departments make detectives go back to periodically?

text: patrol duties

question: Where do all think the most important police work happens?

text: on patrol

question: Where do some think the most minor police work happens?

text: on patrol

question: How do patrol officers ignore crime?

text: prevent crime by their presence


text: By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used. In 1990 Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait, and U.S. land forces, quickly deployed to assure the protection of Saudi Arabia. In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces. The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army, organized along Soviet lines, in just one hundred hours.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: By

text: Germany

text: was

text: nearing

text: reunification

text: and

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: coming

text: to

text: a

text: close

text: Army

text: leadership

text: reacted

text: by

text: starting

text: to

text: plan

text: for

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: strength

text: By

text: November

text: Pentagon

text: briefers

text: were

text: laying

text: out

text: plans

text: to

text: reduce

text: army

text: end

text: strength

text: by

text: from

text: to

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: incentives

text: such

text: as

text: early

text: retirement

text: were

text: used

text: In

text: Iraq

text: invaded

text: its

text: smaller

text: neighbor

text: Kuwait

text: and

text: U.S.

text: land

text: forces

text: quickly

text: deployed

text: to

text: assure

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: In

text: January

text: Operation

text: Desert

text: Storm

text: commenced

text: a

text: U.S

text: led

text: coalition

text: which

text: deployed

text: over

text: troops

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: them

text: from

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: formations

text: to

text: drive

text: out

text: Iraqi

text: forces

text: The

text: campaign

text: ended

text: in

text: total

text: victory

text: as

text: Western

text: coalition

text: forces

text: routed

text: the

text: Iraqi

text: Army

text: organized

text: along

text: Soviet

text: lines

text: in

text: just

text: one

text: hundred

text: hours

question: In 1989, what did the Pentagon plan to reduce the army end strength to?

answer: 580,000

question: Which country did Iraq invade in 1990?

answer: Kuwait

text: Kuwait

question: What operation began in January 1991?

answer: Desert Storm

text: Desert Storm

question: How many troops were involved in Operation Desert Storm?

answer: 500,000

question: How long did Operation Desert Storm last?

answer: one hundred hours

text: one hundred hours

question: What did the Pentagon pan to increase the army strength to?

question: What state did Iraq invade in 1990?

text: Kuwait

question: What operation ended in January 1991?

text: Operation Desert Storm

question: How many months did Operation Desert Storm last?

text: one hundred hours.

question: How many Canadian-led troops were deployed?

text: 500,000 troops


text: Lithotrophic bacteria can use inorganic compounds as a source of energy. Common inorganic electron donors are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia (leading to nitrification), ferrous iron and other reduced metal ions, and several reduced sulfur compounds. In unusual circumstances, the gas methane can be used by methanotrophic bacteria as both a source of electrons and a substrate for carbon anabolism. In both aerobic phototrophy and chemolithotrophy, oxygen is used as a terminal electron acceptor, whereas under anaerobic conditions inorganic compounds are used instead. Most lithotrophic organisms are autotrophic, whereas organotrophic organisms are heterotrophic.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Lithotrophic

text: bacteria

text: can

text: use

text: inorganic

text: compounds

text: as

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: energy

text: Common

text: inorganic

text: electron

text: donors

text: are

text: hydrogen

text: carbon

text: monoxide

text: ammonia

text: leading

text: to

text: nitrification

text: ferrous

text: iron

text: and

text: other

text: reduced

text: metal

text: ions

text: and

text: several

text: reduced

text: sulfur

text: compounds

text: In

text: unusual

text: circumstances

text: the

text: gas

text: methane

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: methanotrophic

text: bacteria

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: electrons

text: and

text: a

text: substrate

text: for

text: carbon

text: anabolism

text: In

text: both

text: aerobic

text: phototrophy

text: and

text: chemolithotrophy

text: oxygen

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: terminal

text: electron

text: acceptor

text: whereas

text: under

text: anaerobic

text: conditions

text: inorganic

text: compounds

text: are

text: used

text: instead

text: Most

text: lithotrophic

text: organisms

text: are

text: autotrophic

text: whereas

text: organotrophic

text: organisms

text: are

text: heterotrophic

question: What are hydrogen and carbon monoxide for Lithotrophic bacteria?

answer: Common inorganic electron donors

text: Common inorganic electron donors

question: How can gas methane be used in exceptional set of conditions by methanotrophic bacteria?

answer: both a source of electrons and a substrate for carbon anabolism

text: both a source of electrons and a substrate for carbon anabolism

question: What is the main element for aerobic photorophy?

answer: oxygen

text: oxygen