text: By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word for African Americans at a time when black was considered more offensive. This term was accepted as normal, including by people classified as Negroes, until the later Civil Rights movement in the late 1960s. One well-known example is the identification by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. of his own race as "Negro" in his famous speech of 1963, I Have a Dream. During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, some African-American leaders in the United States, notably Malcolm X, objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery, segregation, and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens, or worse. Malcolm X preferred Black to Negro, but later gradually abandoned that as well for Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: By

text: the

text: nigger

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: pejorative

text: word

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: its

text: stead

text: the

text: term

text: colored

text: became

text: the

text: mainstream

text: alternative

text: to

text: negro

text: and

text: its

text: derived

text: terms

text: After

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: Civil

text: rights

text: movement

text: the

text: terms

text: colored

text: and

text: negro

text: gave

text: way

text: to

text: black

text: Negro

text: had

text: superseded

text: colored

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: polite

text: word

text: for

text: African

text: Americans

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: black

text: was

text: considered

text: more

text: offensive

text: This

text: term

text: was

text: accepted

text: as

text: normal

text: including

text: by

text: people

text: classified

text: as

text: Negroes

text: until

text: the

text: later

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: One

text: well

text: known

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: identification

text: by

text: Reverend

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: King

text: Jr.

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: race

text: as

text: Negro

text: in

text: his

text: famous

text: speech

text: of

text: I

text: Have

text: a

text: Dream

text: During

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: some

text: African

text: American

text: leaders

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: notably

text: Malcolm

text: X

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: word

text: Negro

text: because

text: they

text: associated

text: it

text: with

text: the

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: slavery

text: segregation

text: and

text: discrimination

text: that

text: treated

text: African

text: Americans

text: as

text: second

text: class

text: citizens

text: or

text: worse

text: Malcolm

text: X

text: preferred

text: Black

text: to

text: Negro

text: but

text: later

text: gradually

text: abandoned

text: that

text: as

text: well

text: for

text: Afro

text: American

text: after

text: leaving

text: the

text: Nation

text: of

text: Islam

question: When did "nigger" become a pejorative word?

answer: By the 1900s

text: By the 1900s

question: What term replaced negro as mainstream?

answer: colored

text: colored

question: What term followed "negro" and "colored"?

answer: "black"

text: "black"

question: What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric?

answer: the African-American Civil rights movement

text: the African-American Civil rights movement

question: Who led the Civil Rights movement?

answer: Reverend Martin Luther King

text: Reverend Martin Luther King


text: After secession, some North Carolinians refused to support the Confederacy. Some of the yeoman farmers in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, while some covertly supported the Union cause during the conflict. Approximately 2,000 North Carolinians from western North Carolina enlisted in the Union Army and fought for the North in the war. Two additional Union Army regiments were raised in the coastal areas of the state, which were occupied by Union forces in 1862 and 1863. Numerous slaves escaped to Union lines, where they became essentially free.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: After

text: secession

text: some

text: North

text: Carolinians

text: refused

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: yeoman

text: farmers

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: mountains

text: and

text: western

text: Piedmont

text: region

text: remained

text: neutral

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: while

text: some

text: covertly

text: supported

text: the

text: Union

text: cause

text: during

text: the

text: conflict

text: Approximately

text: North

text: Carolinians

text: from

text: western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: enlisted

text: in

text: the

text: Union

text: Army

text: and

text: fought

text: for

text: the

text: North

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: Two

text: additional

text: Union

text: Army

text: regiments

text: were

text: raised

text: in

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: which

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: Union

text: forces

text: in

text: and

text: Numerous

text: slaves

text: escaped

text: to

text: Union

text: lines

text: where

text: they

text: became

text: essentially

text: free

question: Some North Carolinians still refused to support what after secession?

answer: the Confederacy

text: the Confederacy

question: Some of what farmers remained neutral during the civil war?

answer: yeoman

text: yeoman

question: Where were the yoeman farmers that remained neutral during the civil war located?

answer: in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region

text: in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region

question: How many North Carolinians from the west fought for the union Army?

answer: 2,000

question: When did union forces occupy coastal areas of North carolina?

answer: 1862 and 1863

text: 1862 and 1863


text: From 2001 to 2008, Mac sales increased continuously on an annual basis. Apple reported worldwide sales of 3.36 million Macs during the 2009 holiday season. As of Mid-2011, the Macintosh continues to enjoy rapid market share increase in the US, growing from 7.3% of all computer shipments in 2010 to 9.3% in 2011. According to IDC's quarterly PC tracker, globally, in 3rd quarter of 2014, Apple's PC market share increased 5.7 percent year over year, with record sales of 5.5 million units. Apple now sits in the number five spot, with a global market share of about 6% during 2014, behind Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: From

text: to

text: Mac

text: sales

text: increased

text: continuously

text: on

text: an

text: annual

text: basis

text: Apple

text: reported

text: worldwide

text: sales

text: of

text: million

text: Macs

text: during

text: the

text: holiday

text: season

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: continues

text: to

text: enjoy

text: rapid

text: market

text: share

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: growing

text: from

text: of

text: all

text: computer

text: shipments

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: According

text: to

text: IDC

text: 's

text: quarterly

text: PC

text: tracker

text: globally

text: in

text: quarter

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: PC

text: market

text: share

text: increased

text: percent

text: year

text: over

text: year

text: with

text: record

text: sales

text: of

text: million

text: units

text: Apple

text: now

text: sits

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: five

text: spot

text: with

text: a

text: global

text: market

text: share

text: of

text: about

text: during

text: behind

text: Lenovo

text: HP

text: Dell

text: and

text: Acer

question: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2009 holiday season?

answer: 3.36 million

text: 3.36 million

question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2010?

answer: 7.3%

question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2011?

answer: 9.3%

question: What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2014?

answer: about 6%

text: about 6%

question: Who outperformed Apple in the 2014 PC global market share?

answer: Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer

text: Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer

question: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2008 holiday season?

text: 3.36 million

question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2000?

question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2001?

question: What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2016?

text: about 6%

question: Who outperformed Apple in the 2017 PC global market share?

text: Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer


text: In 1840, St Helena became a provisioning station for the British West Africa Squadron, preventing slavery to Brazil (mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the West Indies and Cape Town, and eventually to Sierra Leone.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: In

text: St

text: Helena

text: became

text: a

text: provisioning

text: station

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: West

text: Africa

text: Squadron

text: preventing

text: slavery

text: to

text: Brazil

text: mainly

text: and

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: slaves

text: were

text: freed

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: These

text: were

text: all

text: African

text: and

text: about

text: stayed

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: were

text: sent

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: and

text: Cape

text: Town

text: and

text: eventually

text: to

text: Sierra

text: Leone

question: In 1840 what did Saint Helena become?

answer: a provisioning station

text: a provisioning station

question: What squadron was Saint Helena a provisioning station for?

answer: British West Africa Squadron

text: British West Africa Squadron

question: What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to?

answer: Brazil

text: Brazil

question: How many slaves ended up staying on the island after being freed?

answer: 500

question: How many slaves were freed from the island?

answer: many thousands

text: many thousands


text: Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classical music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like the concerto, symphony, sonata, and opera.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Works

text: of

text: classical

text: repertoire

text: often

text: exhibit

text: complexity

text: in

text: their

text: use

text: of

text: orchestration

text: counterpoint

text: harmony

text: musical

text: development

text: rhythm

text: phrasing

text: texture

text: and

text: form

text: Whereas

text: most

text: popular

text: styles

text: are

text: usually

text: written

text: in

text: song

text: forms

text: classical

text: music

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: musical

text: forms

text: like

text: the

text: concerto

text: symphony

text: sonata

text: and

text: opera

question: Works of classical repertoire exhibit what in their use of orchestration and harmony, and form?

answer: complexity

text: complexity

question: What is usually written in song forms?

answer: popular styles

text: popular styles

question: The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms?

answer: sophisticated

text: sophisticated


text: Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Manhattan

text: was

text: on

text: track

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: estimated

text: hotel

text: rooms

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: increase

text: from

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: Anbang

text: Insurance

text: Group

text: based

text: in

text: China

text: purchased

text: the

text: Waldorf

text: Astoria

text: New

text: York

text: for

text: US$

text: billion

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: expensive

text: hotel

text: ever

text: sold

question: About how many hotel rooms are there in Manhattan?

answer: 90,000

question: What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014?

answer: 10%

question: Who owns the Waldorf Astoria?

answer: Anbang Insurance Group

text: Anbang Insurance Group

question: What was the October 2014 purchase price of the Waldorf Astoria?

answer: US$1.95 billion

text: US$1.95 billion

question: The hotel that sold for the most money in 2014 was which in NYC?

answer: Waldorf Astoria New York

text: Waldorf Astoria New York

question: How many hotel rooms are located in NYC as of the end of 2014?

answer: 90,000

question: Who bought the Waldorf Astoria hotel in NYC in 2014?

answer: Anbang Insurance Group

text: Anbang Insurance Group

question: The Waldorf Astoria hotel sold for how many dollars?

answer: 1.95 billion

text: 1.95 billion


text: In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference, the right to abstain from patriotic rituals and military service, the right of patients to refuse medical treatment, and the right to engage in public discourse. Similar cases in their favor have been heard in Canada.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: their

text: persistent

text: legal

text: challenges

text: prompted

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: federal

text: court

text: rulings

text: that

text: reinforced

text: judicial

text: protections

text: for

text: civil

text: liberties

text: Among

text: the

text: rights

text: strengthened

text: by

text: Witness

text: court

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: religious

text: conduct

text: from

text: federal

text: and

text: state

text: interference

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: abstain

text: from

text: patriotic

text: rituals

text: and

text: military

text: service

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: patients

text: to

text: refuse

text: medical

text: treatment

text: and

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: public

text: discourse

text: Similar

text: cases

text: in

text: their

text: favor

text: have

text: been

text: heard

text: in

text: Canada

question: What did Jehovah's Witnesses persistent legal challenges result in, in the United States?

answer: reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties

text: reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties

question: What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?

answer: federal and state

text: federal and state

question: What right to abstain from do Jehovah's Witnesses exercise?

answer: patriotic rituals and military service

text: patriotic rituals and military service

question: What do patients have the right to refuse?

answer: medical treatment

text: medical treatment

question: Where have cases in the Jehovah's Witnesses favor been heard outside of the U.S.?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: What was one of the countries that the Jehovah's Witnesses lost a bunch of civil liberties lawsuits?

text: United States

question: Besides the US what other country has the Jehovah's Witnesses lost lawsuits about such things as the right to refuse medical treatment?

text: Canada

question: Has the Witnesses won more federal or state lawsuits?

text: federal

question: Was it in the US or Canada that Witnesses first gained the right to abstain from patriotic rituals?

text: Canada

question: Was it in the US or Canada that Witnesses first gained the right to abstain from military service?

text: United States


text: Measures, which were the means by which the National Assembly for Wales passed legislation between 2006 and 2011, were assented to by the Queen by means of an Order in Council. Section 102 of the Government of Wales Act 2006 required the Clerk to the Assembly to present measures passed by the assembly after a four-week period during which the Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General could refer the proposed measure to the Supreme Court for a decision as to whether the measure was within the assembly's legislative competence.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Measures

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: means

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: for

text: Wales

text: passed

text: legislation

text: between

text: and

text: were

text: assented

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: Queen

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: an

text: Order

text: in

text: Council

text: Section

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Wales

text: Act

text: required

text: the

text: Clerk

text: to

text: the

text: Assembly

text: to

text: present

text: measures

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: assembly

text: after

text: a

text: four

text: week

text: period

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: Counsel

text: General

text: for

text: Wales

text: or

text: the

text: Attorney

text: General

text: could

text: refer

text: the

text: proposed

text: measure

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: for

text: a

text: decision

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: the

text: measure

text: was

text: within

text: the

text: assembly

text: 's

text: legislative

text: competence

question: What was the name of the method by which Wales passed legislation in the 2000's?

answer: Measures

text: Measures

question: After a four-week period, who could refer a proposed measure to the Supreme Court?

answer: Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General

text: Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General

question: What were "measures" in Wales?

answer: the means by which the National Assembly for Wales passed legislation between 2006 and 2011

text: the means by which the National Assembly for Wales passed legislation between 2006 and 2011

question: During which years were measures used in order to pass legislation in Wales?

answer: 2006 and 2011

text: 2006 and 2011

question: In Wales, who had the capability of submitting a bill to the Supreme Court?

answer: Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General

text: Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General

question: Section 202 of the Government of Wales Act 2006 required what?

question: What was the name by which the National Assembly of America passed legislation?

text: Measures

question: After a three-week period, who could submit a proposed measure to the Supreme Court?

question: What were "measures" in Washington?


text: The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: in

text: pre

text: kindergarten

text: education

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Institute

text: for

text: Early

text: Education

text: Research

text: rated

text: it

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: standards

text: quality

text: and

text: access

text: to

text: pre

text: kindergarten

text: education

text: in

text: calling

text: it

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: early

text: childhood

text: schooling

text: High

text: school

text: dropout

text: rate

text: decreased

text: from

text: to

text: percent

text: between

text: and

text: with

text: Oklahoma

text: ranked

text: among

text: other

text: states

text: with

text: percent

text: or

text: less

text: dropout

text: rate

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: for

text: the

text: relative

text: number

text: of

text: adults

text: with

text: high

text: school

text: diplomas

text: though

text: at

text: percent

text: it

text: had

text: the

text: highest

text: rate

text: among

text: southern

text: states

question: Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?

answer: National Institute for Early Education Research

text: National Institute for Early Education Research

question: When was Oklahoma's pre-K called 'a model for early childhood schooling'?

answer: 2004

question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2007?

answer: 3.1

question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2008?

answer: 2.5 percent

text: 2.5 percent

question: What percent of Oklahomans have graduated high school?

answer: 85.2 percent

text: 85.2 percent


text: On April 15, 2013, two Chechen Islamist brothers exploded two bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: On

text: April

text: two

text: Chechen

text: Islamist

text: brothers

text: exploded

text: two

text: bombs

text: near

text: the

text: finish

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: Boston

text: Marathon

text: killing

text: three

text: people

text: and

text: injuring

text: roughly

question: On what date did bombs go off at the Boston marathon?

answer: April 15, 2013

text: April 15, 2013

question: At what point of the Marathon were the bombs exploded?

answer: near the finish line

text: near the finish line

question: How many fatalities were there at the marathon?

answer: three

text: three

question: About how many people were injured in the explosion?

answer: 264


text: Spielberg followed with War Horse, shot in England in the summer of 2010. It was released just four days after The Adventures of Tintin, on December 25, 2011. The film, based on the novel of the same name written by Michael Morpurgo and published in 1982, follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during World War I – the novel was also adapted into a hit play in London which is still running there, as well as on Broadway. The film was released and distributed by Disney, with whom DreamWorks made a distribution deal in 2009. War Horse received generally positive reviews from critics, and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: followed

text: with

text: War

text: Horse

text: shot

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: just

text: four

text: days

text: after

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: on

text: December

text: The

text: film

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: novel

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: written

text: by

text: Michael

text: Morpurgo

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: follows

text: the

text: long

text: friendship

text: between

text: a

text: British

text: boy

text: and

text: his

text: horse

text: Joey

text: before

text: and

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: the

text: novel

text: was

text: also

text: adapted

text: into

text: a

text: hit

text: play

text: in

text: London

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: running

text: there

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: Broadway

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: and

text: distributed

text: by

text: Disney

text: with

text: whom

text: DreamWorks

text: made

text: a

text: distribution

text: deal

text: in

text: War

text: Horse

text: received

text: generally

text: positive

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: and

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: six

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: including

text: Best

text: Picture

question: Where was 'War Horse' filmed?

answer: England

text: England

question: When did 'War Horse' come out?

answer: December 25, 2011

text: December 25, 2011

question: Who wrote the 'War Horse' book?

answer: Michael Morpurgo

text: Michael Morpurgo

question: When did the 'War Horse' book come out?

answer: 1982

question: Who distributed 'War Horse'?

answer: Disney

text: Disney

question: Which movie earned more, The Adventures of Tintin or War Horse?

text: The Adventures of Tintin

question: Where was The Adventures of Tintin mostly made?

text: England

question: In what year was War Horse made into a play in London?

question: Who released The Adventures of Tintin?

text: Disney

question: How many Academy Award nominations did The Adventures of Tintin receive?

text: six


text: Napoleon's educational reforms laid the foundation of a modern system of education in France and throughout much of Europe. Napoleon synthesized the best academic elements from the Ancien Régime, The Enlightenment, and the Revolution, with the aim of establishing a stable, well-educated and prosperous society. He made French the only official language. He left some primary education in the hands of religious orders, but he offered public support to secondary education. Napoleon founded a number of state secondary schools (lycées) designed to produce a standardized education that was uniform across France. All students were taught the sciences along with modern and classical languages. Unlike the system during the Ancien Régime, religious topics did not dominate the curriculum, although they were present in addition to teachers from the clergy. Napoleon simply hoped to use religion to produce social stability. He gave special attention to the advanced centers, notably the École Polytechnique, that provided both military expertise and state-of-the-art research in science. Napoleon made some of the first major efforts at establishing a system of secular and public education. The system featured scholarships and strict discipline, with the result being a French educational system that outperformed its European counterparts, many of which borrowed from the French system.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: educational

text: reforms

text: laid

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: a

text: modern

text: system

text: of

text: education

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: throughout

text: much

text: of

text: Europe

text: Napoleon

text: synthesized

text: the

text: best

text: academic

text: elements

text: from

text: the

text: Ancien

text: Régime

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: and

text: the

text: Revolution

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: establishing

text: a

text: stable

text: well

text: educated

text: and

text: prosperous

text: society

text: He

text: made

text: French

text: the

text: only

text: official

text: language

text: He

text: left

text: some

text: primary

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: religious

text: orders

text: but

text: he

text: offered

text: public

text: support

text: to

text: secondary

text: education

text: Napoleon

text: founded

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: state

text: secondary

text: schools

text: lycées

text: designed

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: standardized

text: education

text: that

text: was

text: uniform

text: across

text: France

text: All

text: students

text: were

text: taught

text: the

text: sciences

text: along

text: with

text: modern

text: and

text: classical

text: languages

text: Unlike

text: the

text: system

text: during

text: the

text: Ancien

text: Régime

text: religious

text: topics

text: did

text: not

text: dominate

text: the

text: curriculum

text: although

text: they

text: were

text: present

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: teachers

text: from

text: the

text: clergy

text: Napoleon

text: simply

text: hoped

text: to

text: use

text: religion

text: to

text: produce

text: social

text: stability

text: He

text: gave

text: special

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: advanced

text: centers

text: notably

text: the

text: École

text: Polytechnique

text: that

text: provided

text: both

text: military

text: expertise

text: and

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: research

text: in

text: science

text: Napoleon

text: made

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: efforts

text: at

text: establishing

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: secular

text: and

text: public

text: education

text: The

text: system

text: featured

text: scholarships

text: and

text: strict

text: discipline

text: with

text: the

text: result

text: being

text: a

text: French

text: educational

text: system

text: that

text: outperformed

text: its

text: European

text: counterparts

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: borrowed

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: system

question: What acts by Napoleon laid the groundwork for modernized Education in France and much of Europe?

answer: Napoleon's educational reforms

text: Napoleon's educational reforms

question: What language did Napoleon make the only official one?

answer: French

text: French

question: What did Napoleon offer to secondary education?

answer: public support

text: public support

question: What is the name for the state secondary schools begun by Napoleon that were intended to standardize education across France?

answer: lycées

text: lycées

question: Along with modern and classical languages, what were all students in the lycées taught?

answer: the sciences

text: the sciences


text: Brass instruments in the Renaissance were traditionally played by professionals who were members of Guilds and they included the slide trumpet, the wooden cornet, the valveless trumpet and the sackbut. Stringed instruments included the viol, the harp-like lyre, the hurdy-gurdy, the cittern and the lute. Keyboard instruments with strings included the harpsichord and the virginal. Percussion instruments include the triangle, the Jew's harp, the tambourine, the bells, the rumble-pot, and various kinds of drums. Woodwind instruments included the double reed shawm, the reed pipe, the bagpipe, the transverse flute and the recorder.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Brass

text: instruments

text: in

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: were

text: traditionally

text: played

text: by

text: professionals

text: who

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: Guilds

text: and

text: they

text: included

text: the

text: slide

text: trumpet

text: the

text: wooden

text: cornet

text: the

text: valveless

text: trumpet

text: and

text: the

text: sackbut

text: Stringed

text: instruments

text: included

text: the

text: viol

text: the

text: harp

text: like

text: lyre

text: the

text: hurdy

text: gurdy

text: the

text: cittern

text: and

text: the

text: lute

text: Keyboard

text: instruments

text: with

text: strings

text: included

text: the

text: harpsichord

text: and

text: the

text: virginal

text: Percussion

text: instruments

text: include

text: the

text: triangle

text: the

text: Jew

text: 's

text: harp

text: the

text: tambourine

text: the

text: bells

text: the

text: rumble

text: pot

text: and

text: various

text: kinds

text: of

text: drums

text: Woodwind

text: instruments

text: included

text: the

text: double

text: reed

text: shawm

text: the

text: reed

text: pipe

text: the

text: bagpipe

text: the

text: transverse

text: flute

text: and

text: the

text: recorder

question: Brass instruments were traditionally played by profession guild members during what era?

answer: the Renaissance

text: the Renaissance

question: Stringed instruments during the Renaissance included the viol, the lyre, the cittern, the lute and what other instrument?

answer: the hurdy-gurdy

text: the hurdy-gurdy

question: The virginal is what type of instrument?

answer: Keyboard instruments with strings

text: Keyboard instruments with strings

question: The tambourine, bells and rumble-pot are all what type of instrument?

answer: Percussion

text: Percussion

question: The reed pipe and recorder are what type of instrument?

answer: Woodwind

text: Woodwind


text: Carnivore and herbivore diets are contrasting, with basic nitrogen and carbon proportions vary for their particular foods. "The nitrogen content of plant tissues averages about 2%, while in fungi, animals, and bacteria it averages about 5% to 10%." Many herbivores rely on bacterial fermentation to create digestible nutrients from indigestible plant cellulose, while obligate carnivores must eat animal meats to obtain certain vitamins or nutrients their bodies cannot otherwise synthesize. All animals' diets must provide sufficient amounts of the basic building blocks they need, up to the point where their particular biology can synthesize the rest. Animal tissue contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These compounds in turn consist of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and so on. All of these chemical compounds and elements occur in various forms and combinations (e.g. hormones, vitamins, phospholipids, hydroxyapatite).

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Carnivore

text: and

text: herbivore

text: diets

text: are

text: contrasting

text: with

text: basic

text: nitrogen

text: and

text: carbon

text: proportions

text: vary

text: for

text: their

text: particular

text: foods

text: The

text: nitrogen

text: content

text: of

text: plant

text: tissues

text: averages

text: about

text: while

text: in

text: fungi

text: animals

text: and

text: bacteria

text: it

text: averages

text: about

text: to

text: Many

text: herbivores

text: rely

text: on

text: bacterial

text: fermentation

text: to

text: create

text: digestible

text: nutrients

text: from

text: indigestible

text: plant

text: cellulose

text: while

text: obligate

text: carnivores

text: must

text: eat

text: animal

text: meats

text: to

text: obtain

text: certain

text: vitamins

text: or

text: nutrients

text: their

text: bodies

text: can

text: not

text: otherwise

text: synthesize

text: All

text: animals

text: diets

text: must

text: provide

text: sufficient

text: amounts

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: building

text: blocks

text: they

text: need

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: where

text: their

text: particular

text: biology

text: can

text: synthesize

text: the

text: rest

text: Animal

text: tissue

text: contains

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: carbohydrates

text: sugar

text: starch

text: and

text: fiber

text: amino

text: acids

text: in

text: proteins

text: fatty

text: acids

text: in

text: lipids

text: and

text: nucleic

text: acids

text: DNA

text: and

text: RNA

text: These

text: compounds

text: in

text: turn

text: consist

text: of

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: carbon

text: hydrogen

text: oxygen

text: nitrogen

text: phosphorus

text: calcium

text: iron

text: zinc

text: magnesium

text: manganese

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: and

text: elements

text: occur

text: in

text: various

text: forms

text: and

text: combinations

text: e.g.

text: hormones

text: vitamins

text: phospholipids

text: hydroxyapatite

question: Other than nitrogen, what other element varies greatly between a carnivore and herbivore diet?

answer: carbon

text: carbon

question: What percentage of nitrogen content is generally found in fungi?

answer: 5% to 10%

text: 5% to 10%

question: What process of breaking down cellulose do herbivores rely on for their essential nutrients?

answer: bacterial fermentation

text: bacterial fermentation

question: Other than sugar and fiber, what else are carbohydrates consisted of?

answer: starch

text: starch

question: Where can fatty acids be found?

answer: lipids

text: lipids


text: Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans after the invasion of 43 AD. This lasted only until around 61, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground. The next, heavily planned, incarnation of Londinium prospered, and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000.

title: London

title: London

text: Although

text: there

text: is

text: evidence

text: of

text: scattered

text: Brythonic

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: settlement

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: after

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: AD

text: This

text: lasted

text: only

text: until

text: around

text: when

text: the

text: Iceni

text: tribe

text: led

text: by

text: Queen

text: Boudica

text: stormed

text: it

text: burning

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: The

text: next

text: heavily

text: planned

text: incarnation

text: of

text: Londinium

text: prospered

text: and

text: it

text: superseded

text: Colchester

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Britannia

text: in

text: At

text: its

text: height

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Roman

text: London

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: around

question: Who was the leader of the Iceni tribe?

answer: Queen Boudica

text: Queen Boudica

question: What was Roman London's population in the 2nd century?

answer: around 60,000

text: around 60,000

question: The Romans invaded what is now London and established its first major settlement in what year?

answer: 43 AD

text: 43 AD

question: What was the capital of Britannia before Londinium?

answer: Colchester

text: Colchester

question: Who invaded and destroyed the first major settlement of Roman London in 61 AD?

answer: the Iceni tribe

text: the Iceni tribe


text: In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey. Caesar and Pompey, along with Crassus, established a private agreement, now known as the First Triumvirate. Under the agreement, Pompey's arrangements would be ratified. Caesar would be elected consul in 59 BC, and would then serve as governor of Gaul for five years. Crassus was promised a future consulship.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: In

text: BC

text: Pompey

text: returned

text: victorious

text: from

text: Asia

text: The

text: Senate

text: elated

text: by

text: its

text: successes

text: against

text: Catiline

text: refused

text: to

text: ratify

text: the

text: arrangements

text: that

text: Pompey

text: had

text: made

text: Pompey

text: in

text: effect

text: became

text: powerless

text: Thus

text: when

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: returned

text: from

text: a

text: governorship

text: in

text: Spain

text: in

text: BC

text: he

text: found

text: it

text: easy

text: to

text: make

text: an

text: arrangement

text: with

text: Pompey

text: Caesar

text: and

text: Pompey

text: along

text: with

text: Crassus

text: established

text: a

text: private

text: agreement

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: Triumvirate

text: Under

text: the

text: agreement

text: Pompey

text: 's

text: arrangements

text: would

text: be

text: ratified

text: Caesar

text: would

text: be

text: elected

text: consul

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: would

text: then

text: serve

text: as

text: governor

text: of

text: Gaul

text: for

text: five

text: years

text: Crassus

text: was

text: promised

text: a

text: future

text: consulship

question: In which year would Julius Caesar hope to be elected to the position of consul?

answer: 59 BC

text: 59 BC

question: What was the name of the private agreement between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus?

answer: First Triumvirate

text: First Triumvirate

question: What was Crassus agree to receive in the First Triumvirate agreement?

answer: a future consulship

text: a future consulship

question: When did Julius Caesar return to Rome?

answer: 61 BC

text: 61 BC

question: What provided the Roman senate with exuberance?

answer: successes against Catiline

text: successes against Catiline


text: Approximately 26,000 citizen soldiers, sailors, and airmen and women, trained to the level of and interchangeable with their Regular Force counterparts, and posted to CAF operations or duties on a casual or ongoing basis, make up the Primary Reserve. This group is represented, though not commanded, at NDHQ by the Chief of Reserves and Cadets, who is usually a major general or rear admiral, and is divided into four components that are each operationally and administratively responsible to its corresponding environmental command in the Regular Force – the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES) – in addition to one force that does not fall under an environmental command, the Health Services Reserve under the Canadian Forces Health Services Group.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: Approximately

text: citizen

text: soldiers

text: sailors

text: and

text: airmen

text: and

text: women

text: trained

text: to

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: and

text: interchangeable

text: with

text: their

text: Regular

text: Force

text: counterparts

text: and

text: posted

text: to

text: CAF

text: operations

text: or

text: duties

text: on

text: a

text: casual

text: or

text: ongoing

text: basis

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: Primary

text: Reserve

text: This

text: group

text: is

text: represented

text: though

text: not

text: commanded

text: at

text: NDHQ

text: by

text: the

text: Chief

text: of

text: Reserves

text: and

text: Cadets

text: who

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: major

text: general

text: or

text: rear

text: admiral

text: and

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: components

text: that

text: are

text: each

text: operationally

text: and

text: administratively

text: responsible

text: to

text: its

text: corresponding

text: environmental

text: command

text: in

text: the

text: Regular

text: Force

text: the

text: Naval

text: Reserve

text: NAVRES

text: Land

text: Force

text: Reserve

text: LFR

text: and

text: Air

text: Reserve

text: AIRRES

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: one

text: force

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: fall

text: under

text: an

text: environmental

text: command

text: the

text: Health

text: Services

text: Reserve

text: under

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Forces

text: Health

text: Services

text: Group

question: Who commands the reserves?

answer: Chief of Reserves and Cadets

text: Chief of Reserves and Cadets

question: What are some of the components of the reserve force?

answer: the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)

text: the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)

question: Who won't command the reserves?

text: Chief of Reserves and Cadets

question: What are some of the components of the non-reserve force?


text: After a new wave of UN sanctions, on 11 March 2013, North Korea claimed that it had invalidated the 1953 armistice. On 13 March 2013, North Korea confirmed it ended the 1953 Armistice and declared North Korea "is not restrained by the North-South declaration on non-aggression". On 30 March 2013, North Korea stated that it had entered a "state of war" with South Korea and declared that "The long-standing situation of the Korean peninsula being neither at peace nor at war is finally over". Speaking on 4 April 2013, the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Chuck Hagel, informed the press that Pyongyang had "formally informed" the Pentagon that it had "ratified" the potential usage of a nuclear weapon against South Korea, Japan and the United States of America, including Guam and Hawaii. Hagel also stated that the United States would deploy the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile system to Guam, because of a credible and realistic nuclear threat from North Korea.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: After

text: a

text: new

text: wave

text: of

text: UN

text: sanctions

text: on

text: March

text: North

text: Korea

text: claimed

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: invalidated

text: the

text: armistice

text: On

text: March

text: North

text: Korea

text: confirmed

text: it

text: ended

text: the

text: Armistice

text: and

text: declared

text: North

text: Korea

text: is

text: not

text: restrained

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: South

text: declaration

text: on

text: non

text: aggression

text: On

text: March

text: North

text: Korea

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: entered

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: war

text: with

text: South

text: Korea

text: and

text: declared

text: that

text: The

text: long

text: standing

text: situation

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: being

text: neither

text: at

text: peace

text: nor

text: at

text: war

text: is

text: finally

text: over

text: Speaking

text: on

text: April

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: Chuck

text: Hagel

text: informed

text: the

text: press

text: that

text: Pyongyang

text: had

text: formally

text: informed

text: the

text: Pentagon

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: ratified

text: the

text: potential

text: usage

text: of

text: a

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: against

text: South

text: Korea

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: including

text: Guam

text: and

text: Hawaii

text: Hagel

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: would

text: deploy

text: the

text: Terminal

text: High

text: Altitude

text: Area

text: Defense

text: anti

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: system

text: to

text: Guam

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: credible

text: and

text: realistic

text: nuclear

text: threat

text: from

text: North

text: Korea

question: Why is North Korea insisting that the 1953 armistice was violated?

answer: new wave of UN sanctions

text: new wave of UN sanctions

question: When did North Korea call an end to the armistice?

answer: 13 March 2013

text: 13 March 2013

question: In 2013, who what country did North Korea declare war on?

answer: South Korea

text: South Korea

question: What weapon does North Korea claim it now has the ability to use?

answer: a nuclear weapon

text: a nuclear weapon

question: How does the United States view North Korea's threats?

answer: credible and realistic nuclear threat

text: credible and realistic nuclear threat


text: The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the reptiles began to get bigger and bigger. New aquatic reptiles evolved such as Ichthyosaurs and Nothosaurs. Meanwhile, on land, Pine forests flourished, bringing along mosquitoes and fruit flies. The first ancient crocodilians evolved, which sparked competition with the large amphibians that had since ruled the freshwater world.

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: The

text: Middle

text: Triassic

text: spans

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: Middle

text: Triassic

text: featured

text: the

text: beginnings

text: of

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: Pangaea

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Tethys

text: Sea

text: The

text: ecosystem

text: had

text: recovered

text: from

text: the

text: devastation

text: that

text: was

text: the

text: Great

text: Dying

text: Phytoplankton

text: coral

text: and

text: crustaceans

text: all

text: had

text: recovered

text: and

text: the

text: reptiles

text: began

text: to

text: get

text: bigger

text: and

text: bigger

text: New

text: aquatic

text: reptiles

text: evolved

text: such

text: as

text: Ichthyosaurs

text: and

text: Nothosaurs

text: Meanwhile

text: on

text: land

text: Pine

text: forests

text: flourished

text: bringing

text: along

text: mosquitoes

text: and

text: fruit

text: flies

text: The

text: first

text: ancient

text: crocodilians

text: evolved

text: which

text: sparked

text: competition

text: with

text: the

text: large

text: amphibians

text: that

text: had

text: since

text: ruled

text: the

text: freshwater

text: world

question: What is the span of years of the Middle Triassic?

answer: 247 million to 237 million

text: 247 million to 237 million

question: What continuing event began in the Middle Triassic?

answer: breakup of Pangaea

text: breakup of Pangaea

question: During the breakup of Pangaea, what sea was created?

answer: Tethys Sea

text: Tethys Sea

question: From what had the ecosystem had to recover?

answer: the Great Dying

text: the Great Dying

question: What type of animal began to flourish and become increasingly large?

answer: reptiles

text: reptiles

question: What continuing event ended in the Middle Triassic?

text: breakup of Pangaea

question: In what period did pine forests mostly die out?

text: Middle Triassic

question: During the formation of Pangaea, what sea was created?

text: Tethys Sea

question: Pine forests brought about the demise of what insects?

text: mosquitoes and fruit flies


text: Unsure of his future, he first contemplated returning to London to complete his studies, but decided to return to Boston as a teacher. His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. Teaching his father's system, in October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his "School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech" in Boston, which attracted a large number of deaf pupils, with his first class numbering 30 students. While he was working as a private tutor, one of his most famous pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak. She was later to say that Bell dedicated his life to the penetration of that "inhuman silence which separates and estranges." In 1893, Keller performed the sod-breaking ceremony for the construction of the new Bell's new Volta Bureau, dedicated to "the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf".

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Unsure

text: of

text: his

text: future

text: he

text: first

text: contemplated

text: returning

text: to

text: London

text: to

text: complete

text: his

text: studies

text: but

text: decided

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Boston

text: as

text: a

text: teacher

text: His

text: father

text: helped

text: him

text: set

text: up

text: his

text: private

text: practice

text: by

text: contacting

text: Gardiner

text: Greene

text: Hubbard

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Clarke

text: School

text: for

text: the

text: Deaf

text: for

text: a

text: recommendation

text: Teaching

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: system

text: in

text: October

text: Alexander

text: Bell

text: opened

text: his

text: School

text: of

text: Vocal

text: Physiology

text: and

text: Mechanics

text: of

text: Speech

text: in

text: Boston

text: which

text: attracted

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: deaf

text: pupils

text: with

text: his

text: first

text: class

text: numbering

text: students

text: While

text: he

text: was

text: working

text: as

text: a

text: private

text: tutor

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: famous

text: pupils

text: was

text: Helen

text: Keller

text: who

text: came

text: to

text: him

text: as

text: a

text: young

text: child

text: unable

text: to

text: see

text: hear

text: or

text: speak

text: She

text: was

text: later

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: Bell

text: dedicated

text: his

text: life

text: to

text: the

text: penetration

text: of

text: that

text: inhuman

text: silence

text: which

text: separates

text: and

text: estranges

text: In

text: Keller

text: performed

text: the

text: sod

text: breaking

text: ceremony

text: for

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Bell

text: 's

text: new

text: Volta

text: Bureau

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: increase

text: and

text: diffusion

text: of

text: knowledge

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: deaf

question: What city did Bell decide to return to?

answer: Boston

text: Boston

question: In what year did Bell open his own school?

answer: 1872

question: How many people were in Bell's first class?

answer: 30

question: Which of Bell's students is the most well known?

answer: Helen Keller

text: Helen Keller


text: The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980. Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: The

text: decorations

text: were

text: seldom

text: displayed

text: however

text: After

text: the

text: Tito

text: Stalin

text: split

text: of

text: and

text: his

text: inauguration

text: as

text: president

text: in

text: Tito

text: rarely

text: wore

text: his

text: uniform

text: except

text: when

text: present

text: in

text: a

text: military

text: function

text: and

text: then

text: with

text: rare

text: exception

text: only

text: wore

text: his

text: Yugoslav

text: ribbons

text: for

text: obvious

text: practical

text: reasons

text: The

text: awards

text: were

text: displayed

text: in

text: full

text: number

text: only

text: at

text: his

text: funeral

text: in

text: Tito

text: 's

text: reputation

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Allied

text: leaders

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: diplomatic

text: position

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Non

text: Aligned

text: Movement

text: was

text: primarily

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: favorable

text: international

text: recognition

question: In what year did the Tito-Stalin split occur?

answer: 1948

question: In what year was Tito inaugurated as president?

answer: 1953

question: In what year was Tito's funeral?

answer: 1980

question: Who was the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: Who was inauguarated as President of Yugoslavia in 1953?

answer: Tito

text: Tito


text: In February 2007, the U.S. Mint, under the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, introduced a new $1 U.S. Presidential dollar coin. Based on the success of the "50 State Quarters" series, the new coin features a sequence of presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with George Washington, on the obverse side. The reverse side features the Statue of Liberty. To allow for larger, more detailed portraits, the traditional inscriptions of "E Pluribus Unum", "In God We Trust", the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark will be inscribed on the edge of the coin instead of the face. This feature, similar to the edge inscriptions seen on the British £1 coin, is not usually associated with U.S. coin designs. The inscription "Liberty" has been eliminated, with the Statue of Liberty serving as a sufficient replacement. In addition, due to the nature of U.S. coins, this will be the first time there will be circulating U.S. coins of different denominations with the same president featured on the obverse (heads) side (Lincoln/penny, Jefferson/nickel, Franklin D. Roosevelt/dime, Washington/quarter, Kennedy/half dollar, and Eisenhower/dollar). Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is Grover Cleveland will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the only U.S. President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: In

text: February

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Mint

text: under

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Coin

text: Act

text: of

text: introduced

text: a

text: new

text: U.S.

text: Presidential

text: dollar

text: coin

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: Quarters

text: series

text: the

text: new

text: coin

text: features

text: a

text: sequence

text: of

text: presidents

text: in

text: order

text: of

text: their

text: inaugurations

text: starting

text: with

text: George

text: Washington

text: on

text: the

text: obverse

text: side

text: The

text: reverse

text: side

text: features

text: the

text: Statue

text: of

text: Liberty

text: To

text: allow

text: for

text: larger

text: more

text: detailed

text: portraits

text: the

text: traditional

text: inscriptions

text: of

text: E

text: Pluribus

text: Unum

text: In

text: God

text: We

text: Trust

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: minting

text: or

text: issuance

text: and

text: the

text: mint

text: mark

text: will

text: be

text: inscribed

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: coin

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: face

text: This

text: feature

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: edge

text: inscriptions

text: seen

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: coin

text: is

text: not

text: usually

text: associated

text: with

text: U.S.

text: coin

text: designs

text: The

text: inscription

text: Liberty

text: has

text: been

text: eliminated

text: with

text: the

text: Statue

text: of

text: Liberty

text: serving

text: as

text: a

text: sufficient

text: replacement

text: In

text: addition

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: U.S.

text: coins

text: this

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: there

text: will

text: be

text: circulating

text: U.S.

text: coins

text: of

text: different

text: denominations

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: president

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: obverse

text: heads

text: side

text: Lincoln

text: penny

text: Jefferson

text: nickel

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: dime

text: Washington

text: quarter

text: Kennedy

text: half

text: dollar

text: and

text: Eisenhower

text: dollar

text: Another

text: unusual

text: fact

text: about

text: the

text: new

text: coin

text: is

text: Grover

text: Cleveland

text: will

text: have

text: two

text: coins

text: with

text: his

text: portrait

text: issued

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: U.S.

text: President

text: to

text: be

text: elected

text: to

text: two

text: non

text: consecutive

text: terms

question: In which year was the new $1 US Presidential coin introduced?

answer: 2007

question: What does the reverse side of the new coins feature?

answer: Statue of Liberty

text: Statue of Liberty

question: What is the official version of "In God We Trust" printed on the coins?

answer: E Pluribus Unum

text: E Pluribus Unum

question: Which inscription was eliminated due to the Statue of Liberty being added to the coin?

answer: "Liberty"

text: "Liberty"

question: Which President will have two coins with his portrait on it?

answer: Grover Cleveland

text: Grover Cleveland

question: In which year was the new Roosevelt Presidential coin introduced?

question: What does the reverse side of the Roosevelt coin feature?

text: Statue of Liberty

question: What is the official version of "Liberty" printed on the coins?

text: E Pluribus Unum

question: Which inscription was eliminated due to Roosevelt being added to the coin?

text: "Liberty"

question: Which President will have two dimes with his portrait on it?

text: Grover Cleveland


text: From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: From

text: childhood

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: involvement

text: of

text: European

text: colonialists

text: in

text: Libya

text: his

text: nation

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Italy

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Campaign

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: it

text: witnessed

text: conflict

text: between

text: Italian

text: and

text: British

text: troops

text: According

text: to

text: later

text: claims

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: paternal

text: grandfather

text: Abdessalam

text: Bouminyar

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: the

text: Italian

text: Army

text: during

text: the

text: Italian

text: invasion

text: of

text: At

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: 's

text: end

text: in

text: Libya

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: forces

text: Although

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: intended

text: on

text: dividing

text: the

text: nation

text: between

text: their

text: empires

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: declared

text: that

text: the

text: country

text: be

text: granted

text: political

text: independence

text: In

text: the

text: UN

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Libya

text: a

text: federal

text: state

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: a

text: pro

text: western

text: monarch

text: Idris

text: who

text: banned

text: political

text: parties

text: and

text: established

text: an

text: absolute

text: monarchy

question: When did Libya become an independent nation?

answer: In 1951

text: In 1951

question: When Libya first became an independent country, what form of government did it adopt?

answer: an absolute monarchy

text: an absolute monarchy

question: What countries occupied Libya after World War II?

answer: British and French forces

text: British and French forces

question: Who was the first leader of Libya?

answer: a pro-western monarch, Idris

text: a pro-western monarch, Idris

question: What World War I event directly impacted Gaddafi's family?

answer: Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911

text: Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911

question: How did World War I directly impact Gaddafi's family?

answer: According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911

text: According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911

question: What happened to Libya right after World War II?

answer: Libya was occupied by British and French forces

text: Libya was occupied by British and French forces

question: When was it announced that Libya would be independent?

answer: In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership

text: In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership

question: What was the first type of government that Libya had?

answer: a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.

text: a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.

question: What country occupied Libya during World War II?

answer: his nation was occupied by Italy

text: his nation was occupied by Italy

question: What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Who battled the Italians during the North African campaign?

answer: British

text: British

question: Who was Gaddafi's father's father?

answer: Abdessalam Bouminyar

text: Abdessalam Bouminyar

question: During what year did the Italians invade Libya?

answer: 1911

question: Along with the British, who occupied Libya at the end of the Second World War?

answer: French

text: French


text: According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese), while Pacific Islanders made up 0.1%. Individuals from some other race made up 15.2% of the city's population, of which 0.2% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 3.3% of the city. At the 2000 Census, there were 1,953,631 people and the population density was 3,371.7 people per square mile (1,301.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White, 25.3% African American, 5.3% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. In addition, Hispanics made up 37.4% of Houston's population while non-Hispanic whites made up 30.8%, down from 62.4% in 1970.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: whites

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Houston

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: were

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: Blacks

text: or

text: African

text: Americans

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Houston

text: 's

text: population

text: American

text: Indians

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Asians

text: made

text: up

text: Vietnamese

text: Chinese

text: Indian

text: Pakistani

text: Filipino

text: Korean

text: Japanese

text: while

text: Pacific

text: Islanders

text: made

text: up

text: Individuals

text: from

text: some

text: other

text: race

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: Individuals

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: At

text: the

text: Census

text: there

text: were

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: population

text: density

text: was

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: The

text: racial

text: makeup

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: White

text: African

text: American

text: Asian

text: American

text: Indian

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: from

text: some

text: other

text: race

text: and

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: In

text: addition

text: Hispanics

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Houston

text: 's

text: population

text: while

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: made

text: up

text: down

text: from

text: in

question: How much of Houston's population is white?

answer: 51%

question: What percentage of Houston's population is African-American?

answer: 25%

question: What group makes up 6 % of Houston's population?

answer: Asians

text: Asians

question: According to the 2000 census, what is the population of Houston?

answer: 1,953,631

question: What was the percentage of whites in 1970?

answer: 62.4%

question: How much of Texas's population is white?

question: What percentage of Texas's population is African-American?

question: What group makes up 6 % of Texas's population?

text: Asians

question: According to the 2000 census, what is the population of Texas?

question: What was the percentage of whites in 1900?


text: Physical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Physical

text: exercise

text: particularly

text: continuous

text: aerobic

text: exercises

text: such

text: as

text: running

text: cycling

text: and

text: swimming

text: has

text: many

text: cognitive

text: benefits

text: and

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: brain

text: Influences

text: on

text: the

text: brain

text: include

text: increases

text: in

text: neurotransmitter

text: levels

text: improved

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nutrient

text: delivery

text: and

text: increased

text: neurogenesis

text: in

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: exercise

text: on

text: memory

text: have

text: important

text: implications

text: for

text: improving

text: children

text: 's

text: academic

text: performance

text: maintaining

text: mental

text: abilities

text: in

text: old

text: age

text: and

text: the

text: prevention

text: and

text: potential

text: cure

text: of

text: neurological

text: diseases

question: Does excersice have any role on cognitive brain function?

answer: has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain.

text: has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain.

question: What positive things can happen to your brain when you excersise?

answer: increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus

text: increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus

question: Is a child who excercies likely to perform better in school?

answer: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance

text: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance

question: What type of excercise has shown the best benefit for the brain?

answer: aerobic exercises

text: aerobic exercises

question: What has many cognitive drawbacks and effects on the brain?

text: Physical exercise

question: What type of nonaerobic exercises have benefits on the brain?

text: running, cycling and swimming

question: What negative things can happen to your brain when you excersise?

question: The effects of exercise on memory do not have important implications for what?

question: What causes decreased oxygen and nutrient delivery?

text: Physical exercise


text: Pope Paul VI left the Vatican to go to the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo, on 14 July 1978, visiting on the way the tomb of Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier. Although he was sick, he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours. In the evening he watched a Western on TV, happy only when he saw "horses, the most beautiful animals that God had created." He had breathing problems and needed oxygen. On Sunday, at the Feast of the Transfiguration, he was tired, but wanted to say the Angelus. He was neither able nor permitted to do so and instead stayed in bed, his temperature rising.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: left

text: the

text: Vatican

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: the

text: papal

text: summer

text: residence

text: Castel

text: Gandolfo

text: on

text: July

text: visiting

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: Cardinal

text: Giuseppe

text: Pizzardo

text: who

text: had

text: introduced

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: Vatican

text: half

text: a

text: century

text: earlier

text: Although

text: he

text: was

text: sick

text: he

text: agreed

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: new

text: Italian

text: President

text: Sandro

text: Pertini

text: for

text: over

text: two

text: hours

text: In

text: the

text: evening

text: he

text: watched

text: a

text: Western

text: on

text: TV

text: happy

text: only

text: when

text: he

text: saw

text: horses

text: the

text: most

text: beautiful

text: animals

text: that

text: God

text: had

text: created

text: He

text: had

text: breathing

text: problems

text: and

text: needed

text: oxygen

text: On

text: Sunday

text: at

text: the

text: Feast

text: of

text: the

text: Transfiguration

text: he

text: was

text: tired

text: but

text: wanted

text: to

text: say

text: the

text: Angelus

text: He

text: was

text: neither

text: able

text: nor

text: permitted

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: and

text: instead

text: stayed

text: in

text: bed

text: his

text: temperature

text: rising

question: Where was Paul VI headed to on July 14, 1978?

answer: Castel Gandolfo

text: Castel Gandolfo

question: What was considered to be the papal summer residence?

answer: Castel Gandolfo

text: Castel Gandolfo

question: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?

answer: Sandro Pertini

text: Sandro Pertini

question: For how long did an ailing Paul VI meet with Sandro Pertini in 1978?

answer: two hours

text: two hours

question: What animals did Paul VI consider to be "the most beautiful animals God ever created"?

answer: horses

text: horses


text: Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Regular

text: LPGA

text: tournaments

text: are

text: held

text: at

text: Cedar

text: Ridge

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: and

text: major

text: championships

text: for

text: the

text: PGA

text: or

text: LPGA

text: have

text: been

text: played

text: at

text: Southern

text: Hills

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: Oak

text: Tree

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: Cedar

text: Ridge

text: Country

text: Club

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: Rated

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: golf

text: courses

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Southern

text: Hills

text: has

text: hosted

text: four

text: PGA

text: Championships

text: including

text: one

text: in

text: and

text: three

text: U.S.

text: Opens

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: in

text: Rodeos

text: are

text: popular

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: Guymon

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: panhandle

text: hosts

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: nation

question: What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?

answer: LPGA

text: LPGA

question: Where is Southern Hills Country Club?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa

question: Where is Oak Tree Country Club?

answer: Oklahoma City

text: Oklahoma City

question: Where is Cedar Ridge Country Club?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa

question: How many PGA championships has Southern Hills held?

answer: four

text: four


text: Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Over

text: time

text: the

text: relative

text: power

text: of

text: these

text: five

text: nations

text: fluctuated

text: which

text: by

text: the

text: dawn

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: had

text: served

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: entirely

text: different

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: Some

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Prussia

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: formed

text: German

text: state

text: experienced

text: continued

text: economic

text: growth

text: and

text: political

text: power

text: Others

text: such

text: as

text: Russia

text: and

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: stagnated

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: other

text: states

text: were

text: emerging

text: and

text: expanding

text: in

text: power

text: largely

text: through

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: industrialization

text: These

text: countries

text: seeking

text: to

text: attain

text: great

text: power

text: status

text: were

text: Italy

text: after

text: the

text: Risorgimento

text: Japan

text: after

text: the

text: Meiji

text: Restoration

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: its

text: civil

text: war

text: By

text: the

text: dawn

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: world

text: power

text: had

text: changed

text: substantially

text: since

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: The

text: Eight

text: Nation

text: Alliance

text: was

text: a

text: belligerent

text: alliance

text: of

text: eight

text: nations

text: against

text: the

text: Boxer

text: Rebellion

text: in

text: China

text: It

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: Congress

text: powers

text: plus

text: Italy

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: representing

text: the

text: great

text: powers

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: century

question: Was the power of the 5 countries constant?

answer: relative power of these five nations fluctuated

text: relative power of these five nations fluctuated

question: What countries found their economic growth in early 20th century?

answer: United Kingdom and Prussia

text: United Kingdom and Prussia

question: Which of the 5 powers were beginning to stagnate in early 20th century?

answer: Russia and Austria-Hungary

text: Russia and Austria-Hungary

question: What agreement replaced the Congress of Vienna?

answer: Eight-Nation Alliance

text: Eight-Nation Alliance

question: What conflict was this agreement in opposition of?

answer: Boxer Rebellion in China.

text: Boxer Rebellion in China.

question: During the Risorgimento, what had changed since the Congress of Vienna?

text: the balance of world power

question: What were other states doing through the political power process?

text: emerging and expanding in power

question: What was the US seeking to do after the Meiji Restoration?

text: seeking to attain great power status

question: What nation alliance was formed to be against the Meiji Restoration?

text: The Eight-Nation Alliance

question: What did the balance of world power consist of after 1900?


text: After the meeting, Darwin decided to write "an abstract of my whole work". He started work on 20 July 1858, while on holiday at Sandown, and wrote parts of it from memory. Lyell discussed arrangements with publisher John Murray III, of the publishing house John Murray, who responded immediately to Darwin's letter of 31 March 1859 with an agreement to publish the book without even seeing the manuscript, and an offer to Darwin of 2⁄3 of the profits. (eventually Murray paid £180 to Darwin for the 1st edition and by Darwin's death in 1882 the book was in its 6th edition, earning Darwin nearly £3000.)

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: After

text: the

text: meeting

text: Darwin

text: decided

text: to

text: write

text: an

text: abstract

text: of

text: my

text: whole

text: work

text: He

text: started

text: work

text: on

text: July

text: while

text: on

text: holiday

text: at

text: Sandown

text: and

text: wrote

text: parts

text: of

text: it

text: from

text: memory

text: Lyell

text: discussed

text: arrangements

text: with

text: publisher

text: John

text: Murray

text: III

text: of

text: the

text: publishing

text: house

text: John

text: Murray

text: who

text: responded

text: immediately

text: to

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: letter

text: of

text: March

text: with

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: publish

text: the

text: book

text: without

text: even

text: seeing

text: the

text: manuscript

text: and

text: an

text: offer

text: to

text: Darwin

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: profits

text: eventually

text: Murray

text: paid

text: to

text: Darwin

text: for

text: the

text: edition

text: and

text: by

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: in

text: its

text: edition

text: earning

text: Darwin

text: nearly

question: What did Darwin decide to write in July, 1858?

answer: "an abstract of my whole work".

text: "an abstract of my whole work".

question: Which publisher did Lyell convince to arrange publication of Darwin's work?

answer: John Murray III

text: John Murray III

question: What did the publisher offer Darwin in payment for the book?

answer: 2⁄3 of the profits

text: 2⁄3 of the profits

question: What edition was the book in by the time of Darwin's death?

answer: 6th edition

text: 6th edition

question: How much had the book earned Darwin by the time he died?

answer: nearly £3000

text: nearly £3000


text: “The roots of all our modern academic fields can be found within the pages of literature.”  Literature in all its forms can be seen as written records, whether the literature itself be factual or fictional, it is still quite possible to decipher facts through things like characters’ actions and words or the authors’ style of writing and the intent behind the words. The plot is for more than just entertainment purposes; within it lies information about economics, psychology, science, religions, politics, cultures, and social depth. Studying and analyzing literature becomes very important in terms of learning about our history. Through the study of past literature we are able to learn about how society has evolved and about the societal norms during each of the different periods all throughout history. This can even help us to understand references made in more modern literature because authors often make references to Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments. Not only is there literature written on each of the aforementioned topics themselves, and how they have evolved throughout history (like a book about the history of economics or a book about evolution and science, for example) but we can also learn about these things in fictional works. Authors often include historical moments in their works, like when Lord Byron talks about the Spanish and the French in ‘‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: Canto I’’ and expresses his opinions through his character Childe Harold. Through literature we are able to continuously uncover new information about history. It is easy to see how all academic fields have roots in literature. Information became easier to pass down from generation to generation once we began to write it down. Eventually everything was written down, from things like home remedies and cures for illness, or how to build shelter to traditions and religious practices. From there people were able to study literature, improve on ideas, further our knowledge, and academic fields such as the medical field or trades could be started. In much the same way as the literature that we study today continue to be updated as we continue to evolve and learn more and more.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: The

text: roots

text: of

text: all

text: our

text: modern

text: academic

text: fields

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: within

text: the

text: pages

text: of

text: literature

text: Literature

text: in

text: all

text: its

text: forms

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: written

text: records

text: whether

text: the

text: literature

text: itself

text: be

text: factual

text: or

text: fictional

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: quite

text: possible

text: to

text: decipher

text: facts

text: through

text: things

text: like

text: characters’

text: actions

text: and

text: words

text: or

text: the

text: authors’

text: style

text: of

text: writing

text: and

text: the

text: intent

text: behind

text: the

text: words

text: The

text: plot

text: is

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: entertainment

text: purposes

text: within

text: it

text: lies

text: information

text: about

text: economics

text: psychology

text: science

text: religions

text: politics

text: cultures

text: and

text: social

text: depth

text: Studying

text: and

text: analyzing

text: literature

text: becomes

text: very

text: important

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: learning

text: about

text: our

text: history

text: Through

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: past

text: literature

text: we

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: learn

text: about

text: how

text: society

text: has

text: evolved

text: and

text: about

text: the

text: societal

text: norms

text: during

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: periods

text: all

text: throughout

text: history

text: This

text: can

text: even

text: help

text: us

text: to

text: understand

text: references

text: made

text: in

text: more

text: modern

text: literature

text: because

text: authors

text: often

text: make

text: references

text: to

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: and

text: other

text: old

text: religious

text: texts

text: or

text: historical

text: moments

text: Not

text: only

text: is

text: there

text: literature

text: written

text: on

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: topics

text: themselves

text: and

text: how

text: they

text: have

text: evolved

text: throughout

text: history

text: like

text: a

text: book

text: about

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: economics

text: or

text: a

text: book

text: about

text: evolution

text: and

text: science

text: for

text: example

text: but

text: we

text: can

text: also

text: learn

text: about

text: these

text: things

text: in

text: fictional

text: works

text: Authors

text: often

text: include

text: historical

text: moments

text: in

text: their

text: works

text: like

text: when

text: Lord

text: Byron

text: talks

text: about

text: the

text: Spanish

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: Childe

text: Harold

text: ’s

text: Pilgrimage

text: Canto

text: I

text: and

text: expresses

text: his

text: opinions

text: through

text: his

text: character

text: Childe

text: Harold

text: Through

text: literature

text: we

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: continuously

text: uncover

text: new

text: information

text: about

text: history

text: It

text: is

text: easy

text: to

text: see

text: how

text: all

text: academic

text: fields

text: have

text: roots

text: in

text: literature

text: Information

text: became

text: easier

text: to

text: pass

text: down

text: from

text: generation

text: to

text: generation

text: once

text: we

text: began

text: to

text: write

text: it

text: down

text: Eventually

text: everything

text: was

text: written

text: down

text: from

text: things

text: like

text: home

text: remedies

text: and

text: cures

text: for

text: illness

text: or

text: how

text: to

text: build

text: shelter

text: to

text: traditions

text: and

text: religious

text: practices

text: From

text: there

text: people

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: study

text: literature

text: improve

text: on

text: ideas

text: further

text: our

text: knowledge

text: and

text: academic

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: medical

text: field

text: or

text: trades

text: could

text: be

text: started

text: In

text: much

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: as

text: the

text: literature

text: that

text: we

text: study

text: today

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: updated

text: as

text: we

text: continue

text: to

text: evolve

text: and

text: learn

text: more

text: and

text: more

question: Literature, regardless of how the definition is applied, can be interpreted as what?

answer: written records

text: written records

question: We can learn what by carefully examining our literature?

answer: our history

text: our history

question: Who wrote "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I"?

answer: Lord Byron

text: Lord Byron

question: Passing information down through generations was made easier when our society did what?

answer: once we began to write it down

text: once we began to write it down

question: Authors of literature frequently reference what antecedents?

answer: Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments

text: Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments

question: Literature in most forms can be seen as what?

text: written records

question: The plot is only for what purpose?

text: entertainment purposes;

question: What do authors also reference besides Roman mythology?

question: What did Lord Bryon write?

text: ‘‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: Canto I’’

question: In "Childe Harold's Pilgimage: Cano I," Lord Byron talks about the Portuguese and what other groups?

text: Spanish and the French

question: What can be seen as written logs?

text: Literature in all its forms

question: Besides entertainment and philosophy, what information is in a plot?

question: In what type of literature do authors make reference to Roman mythology and other old texts?

text: modern

question: Who talks about the Spanish and Portuguese in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I?"

text: Lord Byron

question: Who is the main character in "Childe Harold's: Canto I?"

text: Childe Harold

question: What do we learn about from studying and analyzing history?

text: literature

question: Who wrote Childe Harold?

text: Lord Byron

question: Who does Lord Bryon talk about besides the Greek and Spanish in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimige: Canto I?"

text: the French

question: What are we able to continuously able to uncover new information about through history?

text: literature


text: The expansion of mandolin use continued after World War II through the late 1960s, and Japan still maintains a strong classical music tradition using mandolins, with active orchestras and university music programs. New orchestras were founded and new orchestral compositions composed. Japanese mandolin orchestras today may consist of up to 40 or 50 members, and can include woodwind, percussion, and brass sections. Japan also maintains an extensive collection of 20th Century mandolin music from Europe and one of the most complete collections of mandolin magazines from mandolin's golden age, purchased by Morishige Takei.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: The

text: expansion

text: of

text: mandolin

text: use

text: continued

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: through

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: Japan

text: still

text: maintains

text: a

text: strong

text: classical

text: music

text: tradition

text: using

text: mandolins

text: with

text: active

text: orchestras

text: and

text: university

text: music

text: programs

text: New

text: orchestras

text: were

text: founded

text: and

text: new

text: orchestral

text: compositions

text: composed

text: Japanese

text: mandolin

text: orchestras

text: today

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: or

text: members

text: and

text: can

text: include

text: woodwind

text: percussion

text: and

text: brass

text: sections

text: Japan

text: also

text: maintains

text: an

text: extensive

text: collection

text: of

text: Century

text: mandolin

text: music

text: from

text: Europe

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: complete

text: collections

text: of

text: mandolin

text: magazines

text: from

text: mandolin

text: 's

text: golden

text: age

text: purchased

text: by

text: Morishige

text: Takei

question: What country still maintains strong classic music tradition with mandolin?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: How many people compose the Japanese mandolin orchestras?

answer: 40 or 50 members

text: 40 or 50 members

question: What other instruments do the Japanese madnolin orchestras play?

answer: include woodwind, percussion, and brass sections.

text: include woodwind, percussion, and brass sections.

question: Japan hold and extensive collection of what?

answer: 20th Century mandolin music from Europe and one of the most complete collections of mandolin magazines from mandolin's golden age

text: 20th Century mandolin music from Europe and one of the most complete collections of mandolin magazines from mandolin's golden age

question: Who purhcased one of the collections of mandolin magazines?

answer: Morishige Takei.

text: Morishige Takei.

question: What country doesn't maintain strong classic music tradition with mandolin?

text: Japan

question: How many people compose the Chinese mandolin orchestras?

text: 40 or 50 members

question: What other instruments do the Chinese mandolin orchestras play?

question: Japan doesn't hold an extensive collection of what?

text: 20th Century mandolin music

question: Who sold one of the collections of mandolin magazines?

text: Morishige Takei