text: A converse popular image arose of British people in the Second World War: a collection of people locked in national solidarity. This image entered the historiography of the Second World War in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991). It was evoked by both the right and left political factions in Britain during the Falklands War when it was embedded in a nostalgic narrative in which the Second World War represented aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy. This imagery of people in the Blitz was and is powerfully portrayed in film, radio, newspapers and magazines. At the time it was a useful propaganda tool for home and foreign consumption. Historians' critical response to this construction focused on what were seen as over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity. In the Myth of the Blitz, Calder exposed some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours. What he saw as the myth—serene national unity—became "historical truth". In particular, class division was most evident.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: A

text: converse

text: popular

text: image

text: arose

text: of

text: British

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: people

text: locked

text: in

text: national

text: solidarity

text: This

text: image

text: entered

text: the

text: historiography

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: especially

text: after

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: Angus

text: Calder

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Myth

text: of

text: the

text: Blitz

text: It

text: was

text: evoked

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: right

text: and

text: left

text: political

text: factions

text: in

text: Britain

text: during

text: the

text: Falklands

text: War

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: embedded

text: in

text: a

text: nostalgic

text: narrative

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: represented

text: aggressive

text: British

text: patriotism

text: successfully

text: defending

text: democracy

text: This

text: imagery

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Blitz

text: was

text: and

text: is

text: powerfully

text: portrayed

text: in

text: film

text: radio

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: useful

text: propaganda

text: tool

text: for

text: home

text: and

text: foreign

text: consumption

text: Historians

text: critical

text: response

text: to

text: this

text: construction

text: focused

text: on

text: what

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: over

text: emphasised

text: claims

text: of

text: righteous

text: nationalism

text: and

text: national

text: unity

text: In

text: the

text: Myth

text: of

text: the

text: Blitz

text: Calder

text: exposed

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: counter

text: evidence

text: of

text: anti

text: social

text: and

text: divisive

text: behaviours

text: What

text: he

text: saw

text: as

text: the

text: myth

text: serene

text: national

text: unity

text: became

text: historical

text: truth

text: In

text: particular

text: class

text: division

text: was

text: most

text: evident

question: What view became popular of the British people in WWII?

answer: people locked in national solidarity.

text: people locked in national solidarity.

question: When did this popular view come to be?

answer: in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991).

text: in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991).

question: Political factions in Britain supported what view of Britains in WWII?

answer: aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy.

text: aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy.

question: What was the Historians' critical response to this view?

answer: over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity.

text: over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity.

question: What did Calder try to expose in his book?

answer: some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours

text: some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours


text: During up-peak mode (also called moderate incoming traffic), elevator cars in a group are recalled to the lobby to provide expeditious service to passengers arriving at the building, most typically in the morning as people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period. Elevators are dispatched one-by-one when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time. The next elevator to be dispatched usually has its hall lantern or a "this car leaving next" sign illuminated to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity. Some elevator banks are programmed so that at least one car will always return to the lobby floor and park whenever it becomes free.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: During

text: up

text: peak

text: mode

text: also

text: called

text: moderate

text: incoming

text: traffic

text: elevator

text: cars

text: in

text: a

text: group

text: are

text: recalled

text: to

text: the

text: lobby

text: to

text: provide

text: expeditious

text: service

text: to

text: passengers

text: arriving

text: at

text: the

text: building

text: most

text: typically

text: in

text: the

text: morning

text: as

text: people

text: arrive

text: for

text: work

text: or

text: at

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: a

text: lunch

text: time

text: period

text: Elevators

text: are

text: dispatched

text: one

text: by

text: one

text: when

text: they

text: reach

text: a

text: pre

text: determined

text: passenger

text: load

text: or

text: when

text: they

text: have

text: had

text: their

text: doors

text: opened

text: for

text: a

text: certain

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: The

text: next

text: elevator

text: to

text: be

text: dispatched

text: usually

text: has

text: its

text: hall

text: lantern

text: or

text: a

text: this

text: car

text: leaving

text: next

text: sign

text: illuminated

text: to

text: encourage

text: passengers

text: to

text: make

text: maximum

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: available

text: elevator

text: system

text: capacity

text: Some

text: elevator

text: banks

text: are

text: programmed

text: so

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: car

text: will

text: always

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: lobby

text: floor

text: and

text: park

text: whenever

text: it

text: becomes

text: free

question: What is another name for up-peak mode?

answer: moderate incoming traffic

text: moderate incoming traffic

question: Generally, up-peak mode takes place during what times of the day?

answer: most typically in the morning

text: most typically in the morning

question: What are the reasons for up-peak mode early in the day?

answer: people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period

text: people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period

question: For what reasons are elevators routed one-by-one?

answer: when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time

text: when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time

question: Why is a "this car leaving next" sign used?

answer: to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity

text: to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity


text: University of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are the recognized universities that grant Bachelor's and master's degrees in undergraduate and graduate studies respectively. The Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences are 4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) in Pakistan known as F.Sc equivalent to British system A-Level.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: University

text: of

text: Engineering

text: Technology

text: or

text: University

text: of

text: Engineering

text: Sciences

text: are

text: the

text: recognized

text: universities

text: that

text: grant

text: Bachelor

text: 's

text: and

text: master

text: 's

text: degrees

text: in

text: undergraduate

text: and

text: graduate

text: studies

text: respectively

text: The

text: Bachelor

text: of

text: Science

text: degree

text: awarded

text: by

text: Universities

text: of

text: Engineering

text: Technology

text: or

text: University

text: of

text: Engineering

text: Sciences

text: are

text: years

text: full

text: time

text: program

text: after

text: finishing

text: years

text: of

text: education

text: international

text: high

text: school

text: certificate

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: known

text: as

text: F.Sc

text: equivalent

text: to

text: British

text: system

text: A

text: Level

question: What's Pakistan's program called that's comparable to the British A Level?

answer: F.Sc

text: F.Sc


text: Ptolemy's Geography divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas." To the south is "India on this side of the Ganges" and "India beyond the Ganges." Asia began on the coast of Anatolia ("land of the rising sun"). Beyond the Ganges and Himalayas (including the Tien Shan) were Serica and Serae (sections of China) and some other identifiable far eastern locations known to the voyagers and geographers but not to the general European public.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: Geography

text: divided

text: Asia

text: on

text: a

text: similar

text: basis

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: is

text: Scythia

text: this

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: Scythia

text: beyond

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: is

text: India

text: on

text: this

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Ganges

text: and

text: India

text: beyond

text: the

text: Ganges

text: Asia

text: began

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Anatolia

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: rising

text: sun

text: Beyond

text: the

text: Ganges

text: and

text: Himalayas

text: including

text: the

text: Tien

text: Shan

text: were

text: Serica

text: and

text: Serae

text: sections

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: identifiable

text: far

text: eastern

text: locations

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: voyagers

text: and

text: geographers

text: but

text: not

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: European

text: public

question: What divided Asia on a similar basis?

answer: Ptolemy's Geography

text: Ptolemy's Geography

question: "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" is located where?

answer: In the north

text: In the north

question: "India on this side of the Ganges" is located where?

answer: To the south

text: To the south

question: "Scythia beyond the Himalayas" is located where?

answer: In the north

text: In the north

question: Where did Asia begin?

answer: on the coast of Anatolia

text: on the coast of Anatolia


text: Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation, from the Baroque era to the Romantic era, there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era. In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments. J.S. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations. During the Classical era, the composer-performer Mozart was noted for his ability to improvise melodies in different styles. During the Classical era, some virtuoso soloists would improvise the cadenza sections of a concerto. During the Romantic era, Beethoven would improvise at the piano. For more information, see Improvisation.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Although

text: Classical

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: has

text: lost

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: tradition

text: for

text: musical

text: improvisation

text: from

text: the

text: Baroque

text: era

text: to

text: the

text: Romantic

text: era

text: there

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: performers

text: who

text: could

text: improvise

text: in

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: their

text: era

text: In

text: the

text: Baroque

text: era

text: organ

text: performers

text: would

text: improvise

text: preludes

text: keyboard

text: performers

text: playing

text: harpsichord

text: would

text: improvise

text: chords

text: from

text: the

text: figured

text: bass

text: symbols

text: beneath

text: the

text: bass

text: notes

text: of

text: the

text: basso

text: continuo

text: part

text: and

text: both

text: vocal

text: and

text: instrumental

text: performers

text: would

text: improvise

text: musical

text: ornaments

text: J.S.

text: Bach

text: was

text: particularly

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: complex

text: improvisations

text: During

text: the

text: Classical

text: era

text: the

text: composer

text: performer

text: Mozart

text: was

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: ability

text: to

text: improvise

text: melodies

text: in

text: different

text: styles

text: During

text: the

text: Classical

text: era

text: some

text: virtuoso

text: soloists

text: would

text: improvise

text: the

text: cadenza

text: sections

text: of

text: a

text: concerto

text: During

text: the

text: Romantic

text: era

text: Beethoven

text: would

text: improvise

text: at

text: the

text: piano

text: For

text: more

text: information

text: see

text: Improvisation

question: Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical what?

answer: improvisation

text: improvisation

question: In the Baroque era, who would improvise preludes?

answer: organ performers

text: organ performers

question: Who would improvise musical ornaments in the Baroque era?

answer: instrumental performers

text: instrumental performers

question: Who was noted for his complex improvisations?

answer: J.S. Bach

text: J.S. Bach

question: What was Mozart noted for?

answer: his ability to improvise melodies in different styles

text: his ability to improvise melodies in different styles


text: North Carolina has rich traditions in art, music, and cuisine. The nonprofit arts and culture industry generates $1.2 billion in direct economic activity in North Carolina, supporting more than 43,600 full-time equivalent jobs and generating $119 million in revenue for local governments and the state of North Carolina. North Carolina established the North Carolina Museum of Art as the first major museum collection in the country to be formed by state legislation and funding and continues to bring millions into the NC economy. Also see this list of museums in North Carolina.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: has

text: rich

text: traditions

text: in

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: cuisine

text: The

text: nonprofit

text: arts

text: and

text: culture

text: industry

text: generates

text: billion

text: in

text: direct

text: economic

text: activity

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: supporting

text: more

text: than

text: full

text: time

text: equivalent

text: jobs

text: and

text: generating

text: million

text: in

text: revenue

text: for

text: local

text: governments

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: established

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: museum

text: collection

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: be

text: formed

text: by

text: state

text: legislation

text: and

text: funding

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: bring

text: millions

text: into

text: the

text: NC

text: economy

text: Also

text: see

text: this

text: list

text: of

text: museums

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

question: What industry generates 1.2 billion in economic activity each year for North carolina?

answer: nonprofit arts and culture

text: nonprofit arts and culture

question: How many full time jobs are held by those in the non profit arts and culture industry?

answer: 43,600

question: How much money does the nonprofit arts and culture industry raise for government?

answer: $119 million

text: $119 million

question: What was the first museum in the country to be formed by legislature?

answer: North Carolina Museum of Art

text: North Carolina Museum of Art

question: How much money does the North Carolina Museum of art generate?

answer: millions

text: millions


text: In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets were nevertheless cautious of Gaddafi, seeing him as an unpredictable extremist. Beginning military exercises in the Gulf of Sirte – an area of sea that Libya claimed as a part of its territorial waters – in August 1981 the U.S. shot down two Libyan Su-22 planes monitoring them. Closing down Libya's embassy in Washington, D.C., Reagan advised U.S. companies operating in the country to reduce the number of American personnel stationed there. In March 1982, the U.S. implemented an embargo of Libyan oil, and in January 1986 ordered all U.S. companies to cease operating in the country, although several hundred workers remained. Diplomatic relations also broke down with the U.K., after Libyan diplomats were accused in the shooting death of Yvonne Fletcher, a British policewoman stationed outside their London embassy, in April 1984. In Spring 1986, the U.S. Navy again began performing exercises in the Gulf of Sirte; the Libyan military retaliated, but failed as the U.S. sank several Libyan ships.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: In

text: the

text: new

text: US

text: President

text: Ronald

text: Reagan

text: pursued

text: a

text: hard

text: line

text: approach

text: to

text: Libya

text: erroneously

text: considering

text: it

text: a

text: puppet

text: regime

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: In

text: turn

text: Gaddafi

text: played

text: up

text: his

text: commercial

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Soviets

text: visiting

text: Moscow

text: again

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: and

text: threatening

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: The

text: Soviets

text: were

text: nevertheless

text: cautious

text: of

text: Gaddafi

text: seeing

text: him

text: as

text: an

text: unpredictable

text: extremist

text: Beginning

text: military

text: exercises

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Sirte

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: sea

text: that

text: Libya

text: claimed

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: territorial

text: waters

text: in

text: August

text: the

text: U.S.

text: shot

text: down

text: two

text: Libyan

text: planes

text: monitoring

text: them

text: Closing

text: down

text: Libya

text: 's

text: embassy

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Reagan

text: advised

text: U.S.

text: companies

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: American

text: personnel

text: stationed

text: there

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: U.S.

text: implemented

text: an

text: embargo

text: of

text: Libyan

text: oil

text: and

text: in

text: January

text: ordered

text: all

text: U.S.

text: companies

text: to

text: cease

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: although

text: several

text: hundred

text: workers

text: remained

text: Diplomatic

text: relations

text: also

text: broke

text: down

text: with

text: the

text: U.K.

text: after

text: Libyan

text: diplomats

text: were

text: accused

text: in

text: the

text: shooting

text: death

text: of

text: Yvonne

text: Fletcher

text: a

text: British

text: policewoman

text: stationed

text: outside

text: their

text: London

text: embassy

text: in

text: April

text: In

text: Spring

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: again

text: began

text: performing

text: exercises

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Sirte

text: the

text: Libyan

text: military

text: retaliated

text: but

text: failed

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: sank

text: several

text: Libyan

text: ships

question: In what years did Gaddafi visit the Soviet Union?

answer: 1981 and 1985

text: 1981 and 1985

question: What did Reagan wrongly believe Libya to be?

answer: a puppet regime of the Soviet Union

text: a puppet regime of the Soviet Union

question: As a result of American hostility, what military alliance did Libya say it would join?

answer: Warsaw Pact

text: Warsaw Pact

question: What Libyan aircraft were shot down by the United States in 1981?

answer: Su-22

question: What was the occupation of Yvonne Fletcher?

answer: policewoman

text: policewoman


text: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Isambard

text: Kingdom

text: Brunel

text: the

text: British

text: engineer

text: and

text: railway

text: builder

text: introduced

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: circular

text: bar

text: into

text: the

text: Swindon

text: station

text: pub

text: in

text: order

text: that

text: customers

text: were

text: served

text: quickly

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: delay

text: his

text: trains

text: These

text: island

text: bars

text: became

text: popular

text: as

text: they

text: also

text: allowed

text: staff

text: to

text: serve

text: customers

text: in

text: several

text: different

text: rooms

text: surrounding

text: the

text: bar

question: Who pioneered the circular bar?

answer: Isambard Kingdom Brunel

text: Isambard Kingdom Brunel

question: At what establishment was the circular bar introduced?

answer: Swindon station pub

text: Swindon station pub

question: What was Isambard Brunel's occuption?

answer: engineer and railway builder

text: engineer and railway builder

question: What was Isambard Brunel's nationality?

answer: British

text: British


text: The city also has the Southampton Sports Centre which is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an Alpine Centre, theme park and athletics centre which is used by professional athletes. With the addition of 11 other additional leisure venures which are currently operate by the Council leisure executives. However these have been sold the operating rights to "Park Wood Leisure."

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: Southampton

text: Sports

text: Centre

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: focal

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: 's

text: sporting

text: and

text: outdoor

text: activities

text: and

text: includes

text: an

text: Alpine

text: Centre

text: theme

text: park

text: and

text: athletics

text: centre

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: professional

text: athletes

text: With

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: other

text: additional

text: leisure

text: venures

text: which

text: are

text: currently

text: operate

text: by

text: the

text: Council

text: leisure

text: executives

text: However

text: these

text: have

text: been

text: sold

text: the

text: operating

text: rights

text: to

text: Park

text: Wood

text: Leisure

question: What facility is the center of Southampton's public sports and outdoor activities?

answer: Southampton Sports Centre

text: Southampton Sports Centre

question: How many additional leisure venues are run by Council executives?

answer: 11

question: What company did the Council leisure executives sell operating rights to?

answer: Park Wood Leisure

text: Park Wood Leisure


text: The history of Academies in France during the Enlightenment begins with the Academy of Science, founded in 1635 in Paris. It was closely tied to the French state, acting as an extension of a government seriously lacking in scientists. It helped promote and organize new disciplines, and it trained new scientists. It also contributed to the enhancement of scientists' social status, considering them to be the "most useful of all citizens". Academies demonstrate the rising interest in science along with its increasing secularization, as evidenced by the small number of clerics who were members (13 percent). The presence of the French academies in the public sphere cannot be attributed to their membership; although the majority of their members were bourgeois, the exclusive institution was only open to elite Parisian scholars. They perceived themselves as "interpreters of the sciences for the people". For example, it was with this in mind that academicians took it upon themselves to disprove the popular pseudo-science of mesmerism.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: Academies

text: in

text: France

text: during

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: begins

text: with

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Science

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: Paris

text: It

text: was

text: closely

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: state

text: acting

text: as

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: a

text: government

text: seriously

text: lacking

text: in

text: scientists

text: It

text: helped

text: promote

text: and

text: organize

text: new

text: disciplines

text: and

text: it

text: trained

text: new

text: scientists

text: It

text: also

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: enhancement

text: of

text: scientists

text: social

text: status

text: considering

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: useful

text: of

text: all

text: citizens

text: Academies

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: rising

text: interest

text: in

text: science

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: increasing

text: secularization

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: the

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: clerics

text: who

text: were

text: members

text: percent

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: academies

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: their

text: membership

text: although

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: their

text: members

text: were

text: bourgeois

text: the

text: exclusive

text: institution

text: was

text: only

text: open

text: to

text: elite

text: Parisian

text: scholars

text: They

text: perceived

text: themselves

text: as

text: interpreters

text: of

text: the

text: sciences

text: for

text: the

text: people

text: For

text: example

text: it

text: was

text: with

text: this

text: in

text: mind

text: that

text: academicians

text: took

text: it

text: upon

text: themselves

text: to

text: disprove

text: the

text: popular

text: pseudo

text: science

text: of

text: mesmerism

question: What year was the Academy of Science in France founded?

answer: 1635

question: Members of what group were considered to be the "most useful of all citizens?"

answer: scientists

text: scientists

question: What percentage of clerics were members of the Academy of Science?

answer: 13 percent

text: 13 percent

question: The Academy of Science was only open to which societal group?

answer: elite Parisian scholars

text: elite Parisian scholars

question: How did elite Parisian scholars perceive themselves?

answer: interpreters of the sciences for the people

text: interpreters of the sciences for the people


text: United Nations' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that "renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity". In October 2011, he "announced the creation of a high-level group to drum up support for energy access, energy efficiency and greater use of renewable energy. The group is to be co-chaired by Kandeh Yumkella, the chair of UN Energy and director general of the UN Industrial Development Organisation, and Charles Holliday, chairman of Bank of America".

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: United

text: Nations

text: Secretary

text: General

text: Ban

text: Ki

text: moon

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: renewable

text: energy

text: has

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: lift

text: the

text: poorest

text: nations

text: to

text: new

text: levels

text: of

text: prosperity

text: In

text: October

text: he

text: announced

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: group

text: to

text: drum

text: up

text: support

text: for

text: energy

text: access

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: and

text: greater

text: use

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: The

text: group

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: co

text: chaired

text: by

text: Kandeh

text: Yumkella

text: the

text: chair

text: of

text: UN

text: Energy

text: and

text: director

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: Industrial

text: Development

text: Organisation

text: and

text: Charles

text: Holliday

text: chairman

text: of

text: Bank

text: of

text: America

question: Who is United Nations' Secretary-General?

answer: Ban Ki-moon

text: Ban Ki-moon

question: Ban Ki-moon states that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity?

answer: renewable energy

text: renewable energy

question: Who is chair of UN Energy?

answer: Kandeh Yumkella

text: Kandeh Yumkella

question: Who is chairman of Bank of America?

answer: Charles Holliday

text: Charles Holliday

question: Who is UK's Secretary-General?

text: Ban Ki-moon

question: Who is US's Secretary-General?

text: Ban Ki-moon

question: Ban Ki-moon states that renewable energy has the ability to lift the richest nations to new levels of prosperity?

text: renewable energy

question: Who is chair of US Energy?

text: Kandeh Yumkella

question: Who is chairman of Bank of Canada?

text: Charles Holliday


text: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: white

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: white

text: black

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: black

text: Native

text: American

text: and

text: Asian

text: Hispanics

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: while

text: Asians

text: constituted

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: white

text: population

text: declined

text: percent

text: the

text: smallest

text: recorded

text: decline

text: in

text: decades

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: blacks

text: declined

text: over

text: a

text: decade

question: What percentage of the city's population is Caucasian?

answer: 44%

question: What percentage of the city's population is African-American?

answer: 25.5%

question: What ethnicity is growing the quickest in New York City?

answer: Asians

text: Asians

question: What percentage of the population identifies as Hispanic?

answer: 28.6%

question: By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease?

answer: 3

question: As of 2010, what percentage made up white people in NYC?

answer: 44

question: Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC?

answer: the Civil War

text: the Civil War

question: Which race of people made it the highest growing ethnicity between 2000-2010 in NYC?

answer: Asians

text: Asians

question: What percentage of Africans make up NYC?

answer: 25.5


text: The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time militias which could also be called into the service of the army.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: task

text: of

text: organizing

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: commenced

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: hundred

text: years

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: was

text: maintained

text: as

text: a

text: small

text: peacetime

text: force

text: to

text: man

text: permanent

text: forts

text: and

text: perform

text: other

text: non

text: wartime

text: duties

text: such

text: as

text: engineering

text: and

text: construction

text: works

text: During

text: times

text: of

text: war

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: was

text: augmented

text: by

text: the

text: much

text: larger

text: United

text: States

text: Volunteers

text: which

text: were

text: raised

text: independently

text: by

text: various

text: state

text: governments

text: States

text: also

text: maintained

text: full

text: time

text: militias

text: which

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: into

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: army

question: What year was the U.S. army organized?

answer: 1775

question: What group combined with the U.S. Army?

answer: United States Volunteers

text: United States Volunteers

question: Who raised the United States Volunteers?

answer: various state governments

text: various state governments

question: What year was the Canadian army organized?

question: What group combined with the U.S. Navy?

text: United States Volunteers

question: Who dismantled the United States Volunteers?

text: various state governments

question: What did cities maintain full-time?

text: militias

question: What is also called into the service of the Navy?

text: militias


text: Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Latvia

text: runs

text: kilometers

text: the

text: Russian

text: border

text: runs

text: kilometers

text: From

text: to

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: Russia

text: set

text: by

text: the

text: Tartu

text: Peace

text: Treaty

text: extended

text: beyond

text: the

text: Narva

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: beyond

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Pechory

text: Petseri

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: This

text: territory

text: amounting

text: to

text: some

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: Russia

text: by

text: Stalin

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: the

text: borders

text: between

text: Estonia

text: and

text: Russia

text: are

text: still

text: not

text: defined

question: What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Lativa?

answer: 267 kilometers

text: 267 kilometers

question: What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Russia?

answer: 290 kilometers

text: 290 kilometers

question: What document established the border between Russia and Estonia?

answer: the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty

text: the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty


text: In May 2008 Microsoft announced that 10 million Xbox 360s had been sold and that it was the "first current generation gaming console" to surpass the 10 million figure in the US. In the US, the Xbox 360 was the leader in current-generation home console sales until June 2008, when it was surpassed by the Wii. The Xbox 360 has sold a total of 870,000 units in Canada as of August 1, 2008. Between January 2011 and October 2013, the Xbox 360 was the best-selling console in the United States for these 32 consecutive months.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: In

text: May

text: Microsoft

text: announced

text: that

text: million

text: Xbox

text: had

text: been

text: sold

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: current

text: generation

text: gaming

text: console

text: to

text: surpass

text: the

text: million

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: the

text: Xbox

text: was

text: the

text: leader

text: in

text: current

text: generation

text: home

text: console

text: sales

text: until

text: June

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: surpassed

text: by

text: the

text: Wii

text: The

text: Xbox

text: has

text: sold

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: units

text: in

text: Canada

text: as

text: of

text: August

text: Between

text: January

text: and

text: October

text: the

text: Xbox

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: console

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: these

text: consecutive

text: months

question: What sales figure was the 360 the first console of its generation to surpass?

answer: 10 million

text: 10 million

question: When did the 360 surrender its lead in total sales?

answer: June 2008

text: June 2008

question: What console eventually passed the 360 in total sales?

answer: the Wii

text: the Wii

question: During what 32-month later period was the 360 the best selling console?

answer: January 2011 and October 2013

text: January 2011 and October 2013

question: When did the Xbox achieve 10 million units sold?

answer: May 2008

text: May 2008

question: How many consoles did Wii sell in 2008?

text: 10 million

question: For how many months was the Wii the best-selling console?

question: Who announced the Wii in 2008?

text: Microsoft

question: How many units did the Xbox 360 sell in Canada in 2013?

question: What gaming console passed the Wii in 2008?

text: Xbox 360


text: During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing. The Romans, however, had built roads along the mountain passes, which continued to be used through the medieval period to cross the mountains and Roman road markers can still be found on the mountain passes.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: During

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Carthaginian

text: general

text: Hannibal

text: probably

text: crossed

text: the

text: Alps

text: with

text: an

text: army

text: numbering

text: infantry

text: cavalry

text: and

text: war

text: elephants

text: This

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: achievements

text: of

text: any

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: ancient

text: warfare

text: although

text: no

text: evidence

text: exists

text: of

text: the

text: actual

text: crossing

text: or

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: crossing

text: The

text: Romans

text: however

text: had

text: built

text: roads

text: along

text: the

text: mountain

text: passes

text: which

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: through

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: to

text: cross

text: the

text: mountains

text: and

text: Roman

text: road

text: markers

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: mountain

text: passes

question: When was the Second Punic War?

answer: 218 BC

text: 218 BC

question: Who was the Carthaginian general?

answer: Hannibal

text: Hannibal

question: What did the Romans build along the mountain passes?

answer: roads

text: roads

question: What can still be found on the mountain passes?

answer: Roman road markers

text: Roman road markers


text: North Carolina averages fewer than 20 tornadoes per year, many of them produced by hurricanes or tropical storms along the coastal plain. Tornadoes from thunderstorms are a risk, especially in the eastern part of the state. The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east. Also a weather phenomenon known as "cold air damming" often occurs in the northwestern part of the state, which can also weaken storms but can also lead to major ice events in winter.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: averages

text: fewer

text: than

text: tornadoes

text: per

text: year

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: produced

text: by

text: hurricanes

text: or

text: tropical

text: storms

text: along

text: the

text: coastal

text: plain

text: Tornadoes

text: from

text: thunderstorms

text: are

text: a

text: risk

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: western

text: Piedmont

text: is

text: often

text: protected

text: by

text: the

text: mountains

text: which

text: tend

text: to

text: break

text: up

text: storms

text: as

text: they

text: try

text: to

text: cross

text: over

text: the

text: storms

text: will

text: often

text: re

text: form

text: farther

text: east

text: Also

text: a

text: weather

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: cold

text: air

text: damming

text: often

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: which

text: can

text: also

text: weaken

text: storms

text: but

text: can

text: also

text: lead

text: to

text: major

text: ice

text: events

text: in

text: winter

question: How many tornadoes does North Carolina have per year?

answer: fewer than 20

text: fewer than 20

question: Houuricanes and tropical stors can produce what across the coastal plain?

answer: tornadoes

text: tornadoes

question: What part of the state holds the highest risk for tornadoes?

answer: eastern

text: eastern

question: What protects the western piedmont from tornadoes?

answer: mountains

text: mountains

question: What weather phenomenom can weaken storms but cause major ice events in NW North Carolina?

answer: cold air damming

text: cold air damming


text: Service dogs such as guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities. Some dogs owned by epileptics have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well in advance of onset, allowing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Service

text: dogs

text: such

text: as

text: guide

text: dogs

text: utility

text: dogs

text: assistance

text: dogs

text: hearing

text: dogs

text: and

text: psychological

text: therapy

text: dogs

text: provide

text: assistance

text: to

text: individuals

text: with

text: physical

text: or

text: mental

text: disabilities

text: Some

text: dogs

text: owned

text: by

text: epileptics

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: alert

text: their

text: handler

text: when

text: the

text: handler

text: shows

text: signs

text: of

text: an

text: impending

text: seizure

text: sometimes

text: well

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: onset

text: allowing

text: the

text: guardian

text: to

text: seek

text: safety

text: medication

text: or

text: medical

text: care

question: What kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities?

answer: Service dogs

text: Service dogs

question: Early warning allows epileptics to get to safety, get medication or what else?

answer: medical care.

text: medical care.


text: According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean after World War II; the first symbolic movement was those who came on the ship the Empire Windrush. The preferred official umbrella term is "black and minority ethnic" (BME), but sometimes the term "black" is used on its own, to express unified opposition to racism, as in the Southall Black Sisters, which started with a mainly British Asian constituency, and the National Black Police Association, which has a membership of "African, African-Caribbean and Asian origin".

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Office

text: for

text: National

text: Statistics

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: there

text: were

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: black

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: described

text: themselves

text: as

text: Black

text: Caribbean

text: as

text: Black

text: African

text: and

text: as

text: Black

text: other

text: Britain

text: encouraged

text: the

text: immigration

text: of

text: workers

text: from

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: first

text: symbolic

text: movement

text: was

text: those

text: who

text: came

text: on

text: the

text: ship

text: the

text: Empire

text: Windrush

text: The

text: preferred

text: official

text: umbrella

text: term

text: is

text: black

text: and

text: minority

text: ethnic

text: BME

text: but

text: sometimes

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: is

text: used

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: to

text: express

text: unified

text: opposition

text: to

text: racism

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Southall

text: Black

text: Sisters

text: which

text: started

text: with

text: a

text: mainly

text: British

text: Asian

text: constituency

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Black

text: Police

text: Association

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: membership

text: of

text: African

text: African

text: Caribbean

text: and

text: Asian

text: origin

question: In 2001 how many black people lived in the UK?

answer: over a million black

text: over a million black

question: What percentage of the population was "Black Caribbean"?

answer: 1%

question: What percentage of the population was "Black African"?

answer: 0.8%

question: What percentage of the population was "Black other"?

answer: 0.2%

question: When did Britain encourage immigration of workers?

answer: after World War II

text: after World War II


text: Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Emotions

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: certain

text: activities

text: in

text: brain

text: areas

text: that

text: direct

text: our

text: attention

text: motivate

text: our

text: behavior

text: and

text: determine

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: going

text: on

text: around

text: us

text: Pioneering

text: work

text: by

text: Broca

text: Papez

text: and

text: MacLean

text: suggested

text: that

text: emotion

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: structures

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: called

text: the

text: limbic

text: system

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: cingulate

text: cortex

text: hippocampi

text: and

text: other

text: structures

text: More

text: recent

text: research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: limbic

text: structures

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: emotion

text: as

text: others

text: are

text: while

text: some

text: non

text: limbic

text: structures

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: greater

text: emotional

text: relevance

question: When did Broca publish his pioneering work?

answer: 1878

question: Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?

answer: Papez

text: Papez

question: Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?

answer: hypothalamus

text: hypothalamus

question: When did Broca publish his non-pioneering work?

question: Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between non-emotional and the limbic system?

text: Papez

question: Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is not a notable part of the limbic system?

text: hypothalamus


text: The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: The

text: Government

text: was

text: known

text: officially

text: as

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Commissars

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: and

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: Government

text: The

text: first

text: government

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: Vladimir

text: Lenin

text: as

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Commissars

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: by

text: Boris

text: Yeltsin

text: as

text: both

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: President

question: What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1946?

answer: the Council of People's Commissars

text: the Council of People's Commissars

question: What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946?

answer: Council of Ministers

text: Council of Ministers

question: When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?

answer: Council of Ministers–Government

text: Council of Ministers–Government

question: Who led the first government of the RSFSR?

answer: Vladimir Lenin

text: Vladimir Lenin

question: Who led the final government of the RSFSR?

answer: Boris Yeltsin

text: Boris Yeltsin

question: What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1964?

text: Council of People's Commissars

question: What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1964?

text: Council of Ministers

question: When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?

text: Council of Ministers–Government

question: Who rejected the first government of the RSFSR?

text: Vladimir Lenin

question: Who rejected the final government of the RSFSR?

text: Boris Yeltsin


text: Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: PAIGC

text: won

text: a

text: strong

text: parliamentary

text: majority

text: with

text: of

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: election

text: held

text: in

text: November

text: In

text: November

text: President

text: Vieira

text: 's

text: official

text: residence

text: was

text: attacked

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: killing

text: a

text: guard

text: but

text: leaving

text: the

text: president

text: unharmed

question: When was the parliamentary election held?

answer: November 2008

text: November 2008

question: Who won a strong majority in the election?

answer: PAIGC

text: PAIGC

question: How many seats did PAIGC win in the election?

answer: 67

question: Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?

answer: President Vieira's

text: President Vieira's

question: When did the attack on the residence occur?

answer: November 2008

text: November 2008


text: In March 2006, the foundation announced a US$5 million grant for the International Justice Mission (IJM), a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of sex trafficking. The official announcement explained that the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking and slavery" that would involve the opening of an office in a region with high rates of sex trafficking, following research. The office was opened for three years for the following purposes: "conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability".

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: foundation

text: announced

text: a

text: US$

text: million

text: grant

text: for

text: the

text: International

text: Justice

text: Mission

text: IJM

text: a

text: human

text: rights

text: organization

text: based

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: US

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: sex

text: trafficking

text: The

text: official

text: announcement

text: explained

text: that

text: the

text: grant

text: would

text: allow

text: the

text: IJM

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: replicable

text: model

text: for

text: combating

text: sex

text: trafficking

text: and

text: slavery

text: that

text: would

text: involve

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: an

text: office

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: with

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: sex

text: trafficking

text: following

text: research

text: The

text: office

text: was

text: opened

text: for

text: three

text: years

text: for

text: the

text: following

text: purposes

text: conducting

text: undercover

text: investigations

text: training

text: law

text: enforcement

text: rescuing

text: victims

text: ensuring

text: appropriate

text: aftercare

text: and

text: seeking

text: perpetrator

text: accountability

question: What did the foundation announce in March 2006

answer: n March 2006, the foundation announced a US$5 million grant for the International Justice Mission (IJM)

text: n March 2006, the foundation announced a US$5 million grant for the International Justice Mission (IJM)

question: What is the International Justice Mission

answer: a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of sex trafficking.

text: a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of sex trafficking.

question: What would the grant allow the IJM to do

answer: the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking and slavery

text: the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking and slavery

question: What did the office that ijm opened do specifically

answer: conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability".

text: conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability".

question: How much was the grant for the IJM for working in the area of training law enforcement?

text: US$5 million grant

question: What is the name of the undercover investigation organization based in Washington DC?

text: International Justice Mission (IJM)

question: What will the foundation office use the grant for?

question: What does the area of the foundation organization have high rates of?

text: sex trafficking

question: Where is the IJM as a law enforcement organization based?

text: Washington, D.C.


text: The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his "almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: The

text: two

text: volume

text: biography

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: by

text: Victor

text: Lowe

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: definitive

text: presentation

text: of

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: However

text: many

text: details

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: life

text: remain

text: obscure

text: because

text: he

text: left

text: no

text: Nachlass

text: his

text: family

text: carried

text: out

text: his

text: instructions

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: papers

text: be

text: destroyed

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: Additionally

text: Whitehead

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: almost

text: fanatical

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: privacy

text: and

text: for

text: writing

text: very

text: few

text: personal

text: letters

text: of

text: the

text: kind

text: that

text: would

text: help

text: to

text: gain

text: insight

text: on

text: his

text: life

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: Lowe

text: himself

text: remarking

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: page

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: biography

text: No

text: professional

text: biographer

text: in

text: his

text: right

text: mind

text: would

text: touch

text: him

question: How many volumes is the biography of Whitehead?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who wrote the biography of Whitehead?

answer: Victor Lowe

text: Victor Lowe

question: What was Whitehead's wish upon his death for his family?

answer: all of his papers be destroyed after his death.

text: all of his papers be destroyed after his death.

question: What did Whitehead believe in so profusely that it was difficult to write a biography on him?

answer: right to privacy

text: right to privacy

question: Who authored Whitehead's biography that is considered to be the most reliable description of Whitehead's life?

answer: Victor Lowe

text: Victor Lowe

question: Why was no Nachlass left behind after Whitehead's death?

answer: his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death

text: his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death

question: What was Whitehead's opinion on privacy?

answer: almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy

text: almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy

question: What did the author of Whitehead's biography comment on the first page regarding the difficulty of obtaining information about Whitehead?

answer: "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."

text: "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."

question: Who authored Whitehead's biography that is considered to be the least reliable description of Whitehead's life?

text: Victor Lowe

question: Why was every Nachlass left behind after Whitehead's death?

question: What was Whitehead's opinion on public matters?

question: What did the author of Whitehead's biography comment on the first page regarding the ease of obtaining information about Whitehead?

question: How many pages is the biography of Whitehead?

text: two


text: The Council of Ministers – under the presidency of the Prime Minister (or the President of Portugal at the latter's request) and the Ministers (may also include one or more Deputy Prime Ministers) – acts as the cabinet. Each government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate. The failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by an absolute majority of deputies confirms the cabinet in office.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: under

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: or

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Portugal

text: at

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: request

text: and

text: the

text: Ministers

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: Deputy

text: Prime

text: Ministers

text: acts

text: as

text: the

text: cabinet

text: Each

text: government

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: define

text: the

text: broad

text: outline

text: of

text: its

text: policies

text: in

text: a

text: programme

text: and

text: present

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Assembly

text: for

text: a

text: mandatory

text: period

text: of

text: debate

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: the

text: Assembly

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: government

text: programme

text: by

text: an

text: absolute

text: majority

text: of

text: deputies

text: confirms

text: the

text: cabinet

text: in

text: office

question: What group acts as the presidential cabinet?

answer: The Council of Ministers

text: The Council of Ministers

question: What process is required of each government's policies?

answer: define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate

text: define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate

question: What is needed to reject a cabinet's policy?

answer: an absolute majority of deputies

text: an absolute majority of deputies


text: Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. A 2008 study found that although male suicide rates rise in the weeks after the spring transition, the relationship weakened greatly after adjusting for season. A 2008 Swedish study found that heart attacks were significantly more common the first three weekdays after the spring transition, and significantly less common the first weekday after the autumn transition. The government of Kazakhstan cited health complications due to clock shifts as a reason for abolishing DST in 2005. In March 2011, Dmitri Medvedev, president of Russia, claimed that "stress of changing clocks" was the motivation for Russia to stay in DST all year long. Officials at the time talked about an annual increase in suicides.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Clock

text: shifts

text: were

text: found

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: heart

text: attack

text: by

text: percent

text: and

text: to

text: disrupt

text: sleep

text: and

text: reduce

text: its

text: efficiency

text: Effects

text: on

text: seasonal

text: adaptation

text: of

text: the

text: circadian

text: rhythm

text: can

text: be

text: severe

text: and

text: last

text: for

text: weeks

text: A

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: although

text: male

text: suicide

text: rates

text: rise

text: in

text: the

text: weeks

text: after

text: the

text: spring

text: transition

text: the

text: relationship

text: weakened

text: greatly

text: after

text: adjusting

text: for

text: season

text: A

text: Swedish

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: heart

text: attacks

text: were

text: significantly

text: more

text: common

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: weekdays

text: after

text: the

text: spring

text: transition

text: and

text: significantly

text: less

text: common

text: the

text: first

text: weekday

text: after

text: the

text: autumn

text: transition

text: The

text: government

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: cited

text: health

text: complications

text: due

text: to

text: clock

text: shifts

text: as

text: a

text: reason

text: for

text: abolishing

text: DST

text: in

text: In

text: March

text: Dmitri

text: Medvedev

text: president

text: of

text: Russia

text: claimed

text: that

text: stress

text: of

text: changing

text: clocks

text: was

text: the

text: motivation

text: for

text: Russia

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: DST

text: all

text: year

text: long

text: Officials

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: talked

text: about

text: an

text: annual

text: increase

text: in

text: suicides

question: What natural rhythm is disrupted by seasonal changes?

answer: circadian rhythm

text: circadian rhythm

question: In 2005, what country used increased health risks as rationalization for getting rid of DST?

answer: Kazakhstan

text: Kazakhstan

question: Which Russian president argued that the country should stay in DST year-round because of the stresses of time shifts?

answer: Dmitri Medvedev

text: Dmitri Medvedev

question: According to the Swedish study in 2008, for how many weekdays following the "spring forward" do you have a higher risk of heart attack?

answer: three

text: three


text: By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive. This semi-cursive script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng c. 147–188 AD,[d] although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rather than to their actual inventors, since the scripts generally evolved into being over time. Qiu gives examples of early semi-cursive script, showing that it had popular origins rather than being purely Liu’s invention.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: Eastern

text: Han

text: period

text: an

text: early

text: form

text: of

text: semi

text: cursive

text: script

text: appeared

text: developing

text: out

text: of

text: a

text: cursively

text: written

text: form

text: of

text: neo

text: clerical

text: script[c

text: and

text: simple

text: cursive

text: This

text: semi

text: cursive

text: script

text: was

text: traditionally

text: attributed

text: to

text: Liu

text: Desheng

text: c.

text: AD,[d

text: although

text: such

text: attributions

text: refer

text: to

text: early

text: masters

text: of

text: a

text: script

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: their

text: actual

text: inventors

text: since

text: the

text: scripts

text: generally

text: evolved

text: into

text: being

text: over

text: time

text: Qiu

text: gives

text: examples

text: of

text: early

text: semi

text: cursive

text: script

text: showing

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: popular

text: origins

text: rather

text: than

text: being

text: purely

text: Liu

text: ’s

text: invention

question: What appeared at the end of the late Eastern Han period?

answer: early form of semi-cursive script

text: early form of semi-cursive script

question: What script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng?

answer: semi-cursive

text: semi-cursive

question: Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script?

answer: Qiu

text: Qiu


text: Since Israel's capture of these territories, Israeli settlements and military installations have been built within each of them. Israel has applied civilian law to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem and granted their inhabitants permanent residency status and the ability to apply for citizenship. The West Bank, outside of the Israeli settlements within the territory, has remained under direct military rule, and Palestinians in this area cannot become Israeli citizens. Israel withdrew its military forces and dismantled the Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip as part of its disengagement from Gaza though it continues to maintain control of its airspace and waters. The UN Security Council has declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem to be "null and void" and continues to view the territories as occupied. The International Court of Justice, principal judicial organ of the United Nations, asserted, in its 2004 advisory opinion on the legality of the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier, that the lands captured by Israel in the Six-Day War, including East Jerusalem, are occupied territory.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Since

text: Israel

text: 's

text: capture

text: of

text: these

text: territories

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: and

text: military

text: installations

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: within

text: each

text: of

text: them

text: Israel

text: has

text: applied

text: civilian

text: law

text: to

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: and

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: granted

text: their

text: inhabitants

text: permanent

text: residency

text: status

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: apply

text: for

text: citizenship

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: within

text: the

text: territory

text: has

text: remained

text: under

text: direct

text: military

text: rule

text: and

text: Palestinians

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: can

text: not

text: become

text: Israeli

text: citizens

text: Israel

text: withdrew

text: its

text: military

text: forces

text: and

text: dismantled

text: the

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: disengagement

text: from

text: Gaza

text: though

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: maintain

text: control

text: of

text: its

text: airspace

text: and

text: waters

text: The

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: has

text: declared

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: and

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: to

text: be

text: and

text: void

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: view

text: the

text: territories

text: as

text: occupied

text: The

text: International

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: principal

text: judicial

text: organ

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: asserted

text: in

text: its

text: advisory

text: opinion

text: on

text: the

text: legality

text: of

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: West

text: Bank

text: barrier

text: that

text: the

text: lands

text: captured

text: by

text: Israel

text: in

text: the

text: Six

text: Day

text: War

text: including

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: are

text: occupied

text: territory

question: Who declared the annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem?

answer: UN Security Council

text: UN Security Council

question: What was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War?

answer: Israeli West Bank

text: Israeli West Bank

question: Where did Israel withdraw and disband its military forces?

answer: Gaza Strip

text: Gaza Strip


text: Present-day statutes from across the nation use the same words and phrases, requiring modern executions to take place within a wall or enclosure to exclude public view. Connecticut General Statute § 54–100 requires death sentences to be conducted in an "enclosure" which "shall be so constructed as to exclude public view." Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220 and Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730 contain substantially identical language. New Mexico's former death penalty, since repealed, see N.M. Stat. § 31-14-12, required executions be conducted in a "room or place enclosed from public view." Similarly, a dormant Massachusetts law, see Mass. Gen. Law ch. 279 § 60, required executions to take place "within an enclosure or building." North Carolina General Statute § 15-188 requires death sentences to be executed "within the walls" of the penitentiary, as do Oklahoma Statute Title 22 § 1015 and Montana Code § 46-19-103. Ohio Revised Code § 2949.22 requires that "[t]he enclosure shall exclude public view." Similarly, Tennessee Code § 40-23-116 requires "an enclosure" for "strict seclusion and privacy." United States Code Title 18 § 3596 and the Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4 limit the witnesses permitted at federal executions.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Present

text: day

text: statutes

text: from

text: across

text: the

text: nation

text: use

text: the

text: same

text: words

text: and

text: phrases

text: requiring

text: modern

text: executions

text: to

text: take

text: place

text: within

text: a

text: wall

text: or

text: enclosure

text: to

text: exclude

text: public

text: view

text: Connecticut

text: General

text: Statute

text: requires

text: death

text: sentences

text: to

text: be

text: conducted

text: in

text: an

text: enclosure

text: which

text: shall

text: be

text: so

text: constructed

text: as

text: to

text: exclude

text: public

text: view

text: Kentucky

text: Revised

text: Statute

text: and

text: Missouri

text: Revised

text: Statute

text: contain

text: substantially

text: identical

text: language

text: New

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: former

text: death

text: penalty

text: since

text: repealed

text: see

text: N.M.

text: Stat

text: required

text: executions

text: be

text: conducted

text: in

text: a

text: room

text: or

text: place

text: enclosed

text: from

text: public

text: view

text: Similarly

text: a

text: dormant

text: Massachusetts

text: law

text: see

text: Mass.

text: Gen.

text: Law

text: ch

text: required

text: executions

text: to

text: take

text: place

text: within

text: an

text: enclosure

text: or

text: building

text: North

text: Carolina

text: General

text: Statute

text: requires

text: death

text: sentences

text: to

text: be

text: executed

text: within

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: the

text: penitentiary

text: as

text: do

text: Oklahoma

text: Statute

text: Title

text: and

text: Montana

text: Code

text: Ohio

text: Revised

text: Code

text: requires

text: that

text: t]he

text: enclosure

text: shall

text: exclude

text: public

text: view

text: Similarly

text: Tennessee

text: Code

text: requires

text: an

text: enclosure

text: for

text: strict

text: seclusion

text: and

text: privacy

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: and

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Federal

text: Regulations

text: CFR

text: limit

text: the

text: witnesses

text: permitted

text: at

text: federal

text: executions

question: What state's law says that death sentences must take place in an "enclosure"?

answer: Connecticut

text: Connecticut

question: What law has similar language to Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730?

answer: Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220

text: Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220

question: What state's law mandated that executions occur in ""room or place enclosed from public view"?

answer: New Mexico's

text: New Mexico's

question: Along with United States Code Title 18 § 3596, what federal law limits the people who can witness a federal execution?

answer: Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4

text: Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4

question: What state's law requires that capital punishment occur "within the walls" of a penitentiary?

answer: North Carolina

text: North Carolina

question: What state's law says that death sentences must not take place in an "enclosure"?

text: Connecticut

question: What law has different language to Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730?

text: Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220

question: What state's law mandated that executions occur in ""room or place enclosed from private view"?

text: New Mexico's

question: Along with United States Code Title 18 § 3596, what federal law limits the people who won't witness a federal execution?

text: Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4


text: In 2004 and 2007, the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey found that Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company or government agency in the country, including the Internal Revenue Service. The ACSI indicates that almost half of all cable customers (regardless of company) have registered complaints, and that cable is the only industry to score below 60 in the ACSI. Comcast's Customer Service Rating by the ACSI surveys indicate that the company's customer service has not improved since the surveys began in 2001. Analysis of the surveys states that "Comcast is one of the lowest scoring companies in ACSI. As its customer satisfaction eroded by 7% over the past year, revenue increased by 12%." The ACSI analysis also addresses this contradiction, stating that "Such pricing power usually comes with some level of monopoly protection and most cable companies have little competition at the local level. This also means that a cable company can do well financially even though its customers are not particularly satisfied."

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: In

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: Customer

text: Satisfaction

text: Index

text: ACSI

text: survey

text: found

text: that

text: Comcast

text: had

text: the

text: worst

text: customer

text: satisfaction

text: rating

text: of

text: any

text: company

text: or

text: government

text: agency

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: including

text: the

text: Internal

text: Revenue

text: Service

text: The

text: ACSI

text: indicates

text: that

text: almost

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: cable

text: customers

text: regardless

text: of

text: company

text: have

text: registered

text: complaints

text: and

text: that

text: cable

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: industry

text: to

text: score

text: below

text: in

text: the

text: ACSI

text: Comcast

text: 's

text: Customer

text: Service

text: Rating

text: by

text: the

text: ACSI

text: surveys

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: customer

text: service

text: has

text: not

text: improved

text: since

text: the

text: surveys

text: began

text: in

text: Analysis

text: of

text: the

text: surveys

text: states

text: that

text: Comcast

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: scoring

text: companies

text: in

text: ACSI

text: As

text: its

text: customer

text: satisfaction

text: eroded

text: by

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: year

text: revenue

text: increased

text: by

text: The

text: ACSI

text: analysis

text: also

text: addresses

text: this

text: contradiction

text: stating

text: that

text: Such

text: pricing

text: power

text: usually

text: comes

text: with

text: some

text: level

text: of

text: monopoly

text: protection

text: and

text: most

text: cable

text: companies

text: have

text: little

text: competition

text: at

text: the

text: local

text: level

text: This

text: also

text: means

text: that

text: a

text: cable

text: company

text: can

text: do

text: well

text: financially

text: even

text: though

text: its

text: customers

text: are

text: not

text: particularly

text: satisfied

question: What organization rated Comcast's customer service the worst in the country in 2004 and 2007?

answer: American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)

text: American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)

question: Comcast's customer service was rated worse than what government organization?

answer: the Internal Revenue Service

text: the Internal Revenue Service

question: When did the ACSI begin doing customer satisfaction surveys?

answer: 2001

question: When Comcast's customer service rating fell 7%, what happened to its revenues?

answer: increased by 12%

text: increased by 12%

question: What prime factor did the ACSI use to explain this anomaly?

answer: most cable companies have little competition at the local level

text: most cable companies have little competition at the local level

question: Who listed the IRS as the company with the worst customer service rating?

question: What is the only industry to score above a 60?

text: cable

question: How much did customer satisfaction increase by?

question: What company was given the worst customer satisfaction rating in 2001?

text: Comcast

question: What has happened to the revenue of the Internal Revenue Service?

text: increased by 12%


text: On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to "American aggression in the guise of the UN".

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: June

text: two

text: days

text: after

text: the

text: KPA

text: invaded

text: and

text: three

text: months

text: before

text: the

text: Chinese

text: entered

text: the

text: war

text: President

text: Truman

text: dispatched

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Seventh

text: Fleet

text: to

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Strait

text: to

text: prevent

text: hostilities

text: between

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: On

text: August

text: with

text: the

text: PRC

text: invasion

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: aborted

text: Mao

text: Zedong

text: reported

text: to

text: the

text: Politburo

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: intervene

text: in

text: Korea

text: when

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Army

text: 's

text: PLA

text: Taiwan

text: invasion

text: force

text: was

text: reorganized

text: into

text: the

text: PLA

text: North

text: East

text: Frontier

text: Force

text: China

text: justified

text: its

text: entry

text: into

text: the

text: war

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: American

text: aggression

text: in

text: the

text: guise

text: of

text: the

text: UN

question: What did President Truman do to prevent hostilities between the People's Republic of China and Taiwan?

answer: dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait

text: dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait

question: What year did China decide to enter the war?

answer: 1950

question: What provoked China to join the war?

answer: American aggression in the guise of the UN

text: American aggression in the guise of the UN

question: Where did Mao Zedong declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?

answer: the Politburo

text: the Politburo


text: The personal copying exemption in the copyright law of EU member states stems from the EU Copyright Directive of 2001, which is generally devised to allow EU members to enact laws sanctioning making copies without authorization, as long as they are for personal, noncommerical use. The Copyright Directive was not intended to legitimize file-sharing, but rather the common practice of space shifting copyright-protected content from a legally purchased CD (for example) to certain kinds of devices and media, provided rights holders are compensated and no copy protection measures are circumvented. Rights-holder compensation takes various forms, depending on the country, but is generally either a levy on "recording" devices and media, or a tax on the content itself. In some countries, such as Canada, the applicability of such laws to copying onto general-purpose storage devices like computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones, for which no levies are collected, has been the subject of debate and further efforts to reform copyright law.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: The

text: personal

text: copying

text: exemption

text: in

text: the

text: copyright

text: law

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: stems

text: from

text: the

text: EU

text: Copyright

text: Directive

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: generally

text: devised

text: to

text: allow

text: EU

text: members

text: to

text: enact

text: laws

text: sanctioning

text: making

text: copies

text: without

text: authorization

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: for

text: personal

text: noncommerical

text: use

text: The

text: Copyright

text: Directive

text: was

text: not

text: intended

text: to

text: legitimize

text: file

text: sharing

text: but

text: rather

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: of

text: space

text: shifting

text: copyright

text: protected

text: content

text: from

text: a

text: legally

text: purchased

text: CD

text: for

text: example

text: to

text: certain

text: kinds

text: of

text: devices

text: and

text: media

text: provided

text: rights

text: holders

text: are

text: compensated

text: and

text: no

text: copy

text: protection

text: measures

text: are

text: circumvented

text: Rights

text: holder

text: compensation

text: takes

text: various

text: forms

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: but

text: is

text: generally

text: either

text: a

text: levy

text: on

text: recording

text: devices

text: and

text: media

text: or

text: a

text: tax

text: on

text: the

text: content

text: itself

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Canada

text: the

text: applicability

text: of

text: such

text: laws

text: to

text: copying

text: onto

text: general

text: purpose

text: storage

text: devices

text: like

text: computer

text: hard

text: drives

text: portable

text: media

text: players

text: and

text: phones

text: for

text: which

text: no

text: levies

text: are

text: collected

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: debate

text: and

text: further

text: efforts

text: to

text: reform

text: copyright

text: law

question: What directive in 2001 let European Union countries to enact laws that allowed making copies for personal use?

answer: EU Copyright Directive of 2001

text: EU Copyright Directive of 2001

question: What was the directive NOT intended for?

answer: legitimize file-sharing

text: legitimize file-sharing

question: Compensation to the rights-holder is generally a levy or what else?

answer: a tax on the content itself

text: a tax on the content itself

question: What is an example of a country that has no levies collected?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: What are examples of general purpose storage devices?

answer: computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones

text: computer hard drives, portable media players, and phones

question: What directive in 2010 let European Union countries to enact laws that allowed making copies for personal use?

text: EU Copyright Directive of 2001

question: What was the directive intended for?

text: legitimize file-sharing

question: Compensation to the rights-holder is never a levy or what else?

text: tax on the content itself

question: What is an example of a country that has all levies collected?

text: Canada

question: What are examples of specific purpose storage devices?


text: Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the most controversial issues.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Worldwide

text: consumption

text: of

text: paper

text: has

text: risen

text: by

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: leading

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: deforestation

text: with

text: of

text: harvested

text: trees

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: paper

text: manufacture

text: Most

text: paper

text: companies

text: also

text: plant

text: trees

text: to

text: help

text: regrow

text: forests

text: Logging

text: of

text: old

text: growth

text: forests

text: accounts

text: for

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: wood

text: pulp

text: but

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: controversial

text: issues

question: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?

answer: 400%

question: What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper?

answer: 35%

question: What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests?

answer: plant trees

text: plant trees

question: What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees?

answer: 10%

question: What has risen by 35% over the last 400 years?

text: Worldwide consumption of paper

question: By how much has worldwide consumption of paper decreased over the last 40 years?

question: What to most forest plant to help regrow companies?

text: trees

question: What accounts for more than 10% of wood pulp?

text: Logging of old growth forests

question: What percentage of trees harvested are not used for making paper?

question: In the last 10 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?

question: What percentage of harvested bushes are used in the manufacturing of paper?

question: What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of oceans?

text: plant trees

question: What percentage of wood pulp comes from new-growth trees?


text: Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: Hunter

text: gatherers

text: would

text: eventually

text: flourish

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: Americas

text: primarily

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: with

text: offshoots

text: as

text: far

text: east

text: as

text: the

text: Gaspé

text: Peninsula

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: and

text: as

text: far

text: south

text: as

text: Chile

text: Monte

text: Verde.[citation

text: needed

text: American

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: were

text: spread

text: over

text: a

text: wide

text: geographical

text: area

text: thus

text: there

text: were

text: regional

text: variations

text: in

text: lifestyles

text: However

text: all

text: the

text: individual

text: groups

text: shared

text: a

text: common

text: style

text: of

text: stone

text: tool

text: production

text: making

text: knapping

text: styles

text: and

text: progress

text: identifiable

text: This

text: early

text: Paleo

text: Indian

text: period

text: lithic

text: reduction

text: tool

text: adaptations

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: across

text: the

text: Americas

text: utilized

text: by

text: highly

text: mobile

text: bands

text: consisting

text: of

text: approximately

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: an

text: extended

text: family

question: Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live?

answer: Great Plains

text: Great Plains

question: What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?

answer: stone tool production

text: stone tool production

question: What is it about the tool styles that is remarkable?

answer: common style

text: common style

question: Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found?

answer: across the Americas

text: across the Americas

question: How many members did the mobile tool-making hunters often have?

answer: 25 to 50 members

text: 25 to 50 members

question: Which group was spread over small geographical area?

text: American hunter-gatherers

question: All individual groups shared a uncommon style of what?

text: stone tool production

question: These tool adaptations have been utilized by highly sedentary what?

text: bands

question: Hunter-gatherers would never flourish over the what?

text: Americas

question: There were very few regional variations in lifestyles among which group?

text: American hunter-gatherers