text: When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of senior fellow members of the parliamentary group to serve as critics of aspects of government policy. When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government, the party's parliamentary group forms the Official Opposition, with Official Opposition frontbench team members often forming the Official Opposition Shadow cabinet. When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority, the party's frontbench becomes the Cabinet of government ministers.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: When

text: the

text: party

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: members

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: of

text: parliament

text: the

text: party

text: leader

text: simultaneously

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: group

text: of

text: that

text: full

text: party

text: representation

text: depending

text: on

text: a

text: minimum

text: number

text: of

text: seats

text: held

text: Westminster

text: based

text: parties

text: typically

text: allow

text: for

text: leaders

text: to

text: form

text: frontbench

text: teams

text: of

text: senior

text: fellow

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: group

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: critics

text: of

text: aspects

text: of

text: government

text: policy

text: When

text: a

text: party

text: becomes

text: the

text: largest

text: party

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: parliamentary

text: group

text: forms

text: the

text: Official

text: Opposition

text: with

text: Official

text: Opposition

text: frontbench

text: team

text: members

text: often

text: forming

text: the

text: Official

text: Opposition

text: Shadow

text: cabinet

text: When

text: a

text: party

text: achieves

text: enough

text: seats

text: in

text: an

text: election

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: majority

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: frontbench

text: becomes

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: of

text: government

text: ministers

question: When does a party form an official opposition?

answer: When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government

text: When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government

question: What type of parties allow leaders to form frontbench teams?

answer: Westminster-based parties

text: Westminster-based parties

question: When does a party's frontbench become the Cabinet of government ministers?

answer: When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority

text: When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority

question: If a party is represented by members from the lower house of parliament, what other position can the party leader serve?

answer: leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation

text: leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation

question: What type of parties allow leaders to form a Shadow cabinet?

text: Westminster-based parties

question: What does the party leader serve as when the party is represented by the Shadow cabinet?

text: the leader of the parliamentary group

question: What is the main role of the Cabinet of government ministers?

question: What is formed when a party becomes the largest party not part of the Cabinet of government ministers?

text: the Official Opposition

question: What  does the Official Opposition Shadow cabinet become when it can form a majority with enough seats?

text: the Cabinet of government ministers


text: Title I of the U.S. DMCA, the WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act has provisions that prevent persons from "circumvent[ing] a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work". Thus if a distributor of copyrighted works has some kind of software, dongle or password access device installed in instances of the work, any attempt to bypass such a copy protection scheme may be actionable – though the US Copyright Office is currently reviewing anticircumvention rulemaking under DMCA – anticircumvention exemptions that have been in place under the DMCA include those in software designed to filter websites that are generally seen to be inefficient (child safety and public library website filtering software) and the circumvention of copy protection mechanisms that have malfunctioned, have caused the instance of the work to become inoperable or which are no longer supported by their manufacturers.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Title

text: I

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: DMCA

text: the

text: WIPO

text: Copyright

text: and

text: Performances

text: and

text: Phonograms

text: Treaties

text: Implementation

text: Act

text: has

text: provisions

text: that

text: prevent

text: persons

text: from

text: circumvent[ing

text: a

text: technological

text: measure

text: that

text: effectively

text: controls

text: access

text: to

text: a

text: work

text: Thus

text: if

text: a

text: distributor

text: of

text: copyrighted

text: works

text: has

text: some

text: kind

text: of

text: software

text: dongle

text: or

text: password

text: access

text: device

text: installed

text: in

text: instances

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: any

text: attempt

text: to

text: bypass

text: such

text: a

text: copy

text: protection

text: scheme

text: may

text: be

text: actionable

text: though

text: the

text: US

text: Copyright

text: Office

text: is

text: currently

text: reviewing

text: anticircumvention

text: rulemaking

text: under

text: DMCA

text: anticircumvention

text: exemptions

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: place

text: under

text: the

text: DMCA

text: include

text: those

text: in

text: software

text: designed

text: to

text: filter

text: websites

text: that

text: are

text: generally

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: inefficient

text: child

text: safety

text: and

text: public

text: library

text: website

text: filtering

text: software

text: and

text: the

text: circumvention

text: of

text: copy

text: protection

text: mechanisms

text: that

text: have

text: malfunctioned

text: have

text: caused

text: the

text: instance

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: to

text: become

text: inoperable

text: or

text: which

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: supported

text: by

text: their

text: manufacturers

question: What is the U.S. law that uses the WIPO Copyright as it's Title I?

answer: DMCA

text: DMCA

question: What is it called when someone intentionally breaks encryption on a movie or game?

answer: "circumvent[ing] a technological measure

text: "circumvent[ing] a technological measure

question: Anticircumvention exemptions are generally seen to be be what?

answer: inefficient

text: inefficient

question: What are child safety and public library software used to filter?

answer: website

text: website

question: What is the U.S. law that doesn't use the WIPO Copyright as it's Title I?

text: DMCA

question: What is the U.N. law that uses the WIPO Copyright as it's Title I?

text: DMCA

question: What is it called when someone unintentionally breaks encryption on a movie or game?

text: circumvent[ing] a technological measure

question: Anticircumvention exemptions are generally not seen to be what?

text: inefficient

question: What are adult safety and public library software used to filter?

text: website


text: Cubism began between 1907 and 1911. Pablo Picasso's 1907 painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon has often been considered a proto-Cubist work. Georges Braque's 1908 Houses at L’Estaque (and related works) prompted the critic Louis Vauxcelles to refer to bizarreries cubiques (cubic oddities). Gertrude Stein referred to landscapes made by Picasso in 1909, such as Reservoir at Horta de Ebro, as the first Cubist paintings. The first organized group exhibition by Cubists took place at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris during the spring of 1911 in a room called 'Salle 41'; it included works by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier, yet no works by Picasso or Braque were exhibited.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: Cubism

text: began

text: between

text: and

text: Pablo

text: Picasso

text: 's

text: painting

text: Les

text: Demoiselles

text: d'Avignon

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: considered

text: a

text: proto

text: Cubist

text: work

text: Georges

text: Braque

text: 's

text: Houses

text: at

text: L’Estaque

text: and

text: related

text: works

text: prompted

text: the

text: critic

text: Louis

text: Vauxcelles

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: bizarreries

text: cubiques

text: cubic

text: oddities

text: Gertrude

text: Stein

text: referred

text: to

text: landscapes

text: made

text: by

text: Picasso

text: in

text: such

text: as

text: Reservoir

text: at

text: Horta

text: de

text: Ebro

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: Cubist

text: paintings

text: The

text: first

text: organized

text: group

text: exhibition

text: by

text: Cubists

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: des

text: Indépendants

text: in

text: Paris

text: during

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: in

text: a

text: room

text: called

text: Salle

text: it

text: included

text: works

text: by

text: Jean

text: Metzinger

text: Albert

text: Gleizes

text: Fernand

text: Léger

text: Robert

text: Delaunay

text: and

text: Henri

text: Le

text: Fauconnier

text: yet

text: no

text: works

text: by

text: Picasso

text: or

text: Braque

text: were

text: exhibited

question: Between what years did cubism begin?

answer: 1907 and 1911

text: 1907 and 1911

question: In the spring of what year did the first organized exhibition by cubist appear?

answer: 1911

question: What was the name of the room that the first exhibition of Cubists took place?

answer: Salle 41

text: Salle 41

question: Who mentioned the landscapes made by Picasso in the first Cubist paintings?

answer: Gertrude Stein

text: Gertrude Stein

question: In what city did the first exhibition of Cubists take place?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: What happened in 1906?

text: Cubism began

question: What painting did Picasso paint in 1908?

text: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

question: What painting did Braque paint in 1907?

text: Houses at L’Estaque

question: What was the name of the room that the last exhibition of Cubists took place?

text: Salle 41

question: In what city did the last exhibition of Cubists take place?

text: Paris


text: The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the administration, and a number of western-funded opposition groups were founded by exiles. Most prominent was the National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL), founded in 1981 by Mohammed Magariaf, which orchestrated militant attacks against Libya's government, while another, al-Borkan, began killing Libyan diplomats abroad. Following Gaddafi's command to kill these "stray dogs", under Colonel Younis Bilgasim's leadership, the Revolutionary Committees set up overseas branches to suppress counter-revolutionary activity, assassinating various dissidents. Although nearby nations like Syria also used hit squads, Gaddafi was unusual in publicly bragging about his administration's use of them; in June 1980, he ordered all dissidents to return home or be "liquidated wherever you are."

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: The

text: Jamahiriya

text: 's

text: radical

text: direction

text: earned

text: the

text: government

text: many

text: enemies

text: In

text: February

text: Gaddafi

text: discovered

text: that

text: his

text: head

text: of

text: military

text: intelligence

text: was

text: plotting

text: to

text: kill

text: him

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: increasingly

text: entrust

text: security

text: to

text: his

text: Qaddadfa

text: tribe

text: Many

text: who

text: had

text: seen

text: their

text: wealth

text: and

text: property

text: confiscated

text: turned

text: against

text: the

text: administration

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: western

text: funded

text: opposition

text: groups

text: were

text: founded

text: by

text: exiles

text: Most

text: prominent

text: was

text: the

text: National

text: Front

text: for

text: the

text: Salvation

text: of

text: Libya

text: NFSL

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Mohammed

text: Magariaf

text: which

text: orchestrated

text: militant

text: attacks

text: against

text: Libya

text: 's

text: government

text: while

text: another

text: al

text: Borkan

text: began

text: killing

text: Libyan

text: diplomats

text: abroad

text: Following

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: command

text: to

text: kill

text: these

text: stray

text: dogs

text: under

text: Colonel

text: Younis

text: Bilgasim

text: 's

text: leadership

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Committees

text: set

text: up

text: overseas

text: branches

text: to

text: suppress

text: counter

text: revolutionary

text: activity

text: assassinating

text: various

text: dissidents

text: Although

text: nearby

text: nations

text: like

text: Syria

text: also

text: used

text: hit

text: squads

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: unusual

text: in

text: publicly

text: bragging

text: about

text: his

text: administration

text: 's

text: use

text: of

text: them

text: in

text: June

text: he

text: ordered

text: all

text: dissidents

text: to

text: return

text: home

text: or

text: be

text: liquidated

text: wherever

text: you

text: are

question: What tribe did Gaddafi belong to?

answer: Qaddadfa

text: Qaddadfa

question: What Libyan government official allegedly plotted to kill Gaddafi in 1978?

answer: head of military intelligence

text: head of military intelligence

question: In 1981, what Libyan opposition group was founded?

answer: National Front for the Salvation of Libya

text: National Front for the Salvation of Libya

question: Who founded the NFSL?

answer: Mohammed Magariaf

text: Mohammed Magariaf

question: What group notably murdered Libyan diplomats?

answer: al-Borkan,

text: al-Borkan,


text: The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university and the largest in the U.S. state of Kansas. KU branch campuses are located in the towns of Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, and Kansas City, Kansas, with the main campus located in Lawrence on Mount Oread, the highest location in Lawrence. Founded March 21, 1865, the university was opened in 1866, under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 following enabling legislation passed in 1863 under the Kansas State Constitution, adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union following a very famous bloody internal civil war known as "Bleeding Kansas" during the 1850s.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Kansas

text: KU

text: is

text: a

text: public

text: research

text: university

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Kansas

text: KU

text: branch

text: campuses

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Lawrence

text: Wichita

text: Overland

text: Park

text: Salina

text: and

text: Kansas

text: City

text: Kansas

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: campus

text: located

text: in

text: Lawrence

text: on

text: Mount

text: Oread

text: the

text: highest

text: location

text: in

text: Lawrence

text: Founded

text: March

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: under

text: a

text: charter

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: Kansas

text: State

text: Legislature

text: in

text: following

text: enabling

text: legislation

text: passed

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: Kansas

text: State

text: Constitution

text: adopted

text: two

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: admission

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Kansas

text: Territory

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: into

text: the

text: Union

text: following

text: a

text: very

text: famous

text: bloody

text: internal

text: civil

text: war

text: known

text: as

text: Bleeding

text: Kansas

text: during

text: the

question: What is the abbreviation by which the University of Kansas is known?

answer: KU

text: KU

question: Where is the main branch of the University of Kansas located?

answer: Lawrence

text: Lawrence

question: What is the tallest point in Lawrence?

answer: Mount Oread

text: Mount Oread

question: Who authorized the opening of the University of Kansas?

answer: the Kansas State Legislature

text: the Kansas State Legislature

question: In what year was Kansas made a member of the United States?

answer: 1861

question: What is the abbreviation by which the University of Kentucky is known?

text: KU

question: Where is the side branch of the University of Kansas located?

text: Lawrence on Mount Oread

question: What is the lowest point in Lawrence?

text: Mount Oread

question: Who authorized the closing of the University of Kansas?

text: Kansas State Legislature

question: In what year was Kansas made a member of the United Nations?


text: In heartwood it occurs only in the first and last forms. Wood that is thoroughly air-dried retains 8–16% of the water in the cell walls, and none, or practically none, in the other forms. Even oven-dried wood retains a small percentage of moisture, but for all except chemical purposes, may be considered absolutely dry.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: heartwood

text: it

text: occurs

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: last

text: forms

text: Wood

text: that

text: is

text: thoroughly

text: air

text: dried

text: retains

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: cell

text: walls

text: and

text: or

text: practically

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: forms

text: Even

text: oven

text: dried

text: wood

text: retains

text: a

text: small

text: percentage

text: of

text: moisture

text: but

text: for

text: all

text: except

text: chemical

text: purposes

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: absolutely

text: dry

question: What does wood retain in its cell walls despite being air-dried?

answer: water

text: water

question: Air-dried wood keeps up to what percentage of the water in its cell walls?

answer: 16

question: What kind of dried wood retains a small quantity of water but is considered absolutely dry?

answer: oven-dried

text: oven-dried


text: In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know "everything that was being done in those ministries", according to Shell's top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about the extent of Shell's infiltration. Documents released in 2009 (but not used in the court case) reveal that Shell regularly made payments to the Nigerian military in order to prevent protests.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: In

text: a

text: leaked

text: cable

text: revealed

text: that

text: Shell

text: claims

text: to

text: have

text: inserted

text: staff

text: into

text: all

text: the

text: main

text: ministries

text: of

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: government

text: and

text: know

text: everything

text: that

text: was

text: being

text: done

text: in

text: those

text: ministries

text: according

text: to

text: Shell

text: 's

text: top

text: executive

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: The

text: same

text: executive

text: also

text: boasted

text: that

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: government

text: had

text: forgotten

text: about

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: Shell

text: 's

text: infiltration

text: Documents

text: released

text: in

text: but

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: court

text: case

text: reveal

text: that

text: Shell

text: regularly

text: made

text: payments

text: to

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: military

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: protests

question: A 2010 leaked communication revealed that Shell claimed to have inserted what into which entities?

answer: staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government

text: staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government

question: The same leaked communication revealed Shell claimed to know what?

answer: "everything that was being done in those ministries"

text: "everything that was being done in those ministries"

question: About what did the Shell executive boast in relation to the leaked communication?

answer: the Nigerian government had forgotten about the extent of Shell's infiltration

text: the Nigerian government had forgotten about the extent of Shell's infiltration

question: Documents released in 2009 showed that Shell made regular payments to which entity?

answer: the Nigerian military

text: the Nigerian military

question: For what purpose did Shell make regular payments to the entity cited in the documents released in 2009?

answer: to prevent protests

text: to prevent protests

question: When did Shell place informants in the Nigerian government?

question: Who boasted that Shell had forgotten about the invasion?

text: the Nigerian government

question: What year did the documents used in the court case come from?

question: What source of information from 2010 was not used in the court case?

text: a leaked cable

question: Why did the Nigerian military regularly make payments to Shell?

text: to prevent protests


text: Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigations that one of the leading scientists on the AEC, J. Robert Oppenheimer, had urged that the H-bomb work be delayed. Eisenhower removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance, though he knew this would create fertile ground for McCarthy.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Among

text: Ike

text: 's

text: objectives

text: in

text: not

text: directly

text: confronting

text: McCarthy

text: was

text: to

text: prevent

text: McCarthy

text: from

text: dragging

text: the

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Commission

text: AEC

text: into

text: McCarthy

text: 's

text: witch

text: hunt

text: for

text: communists

text: which

text: would

text: interfere

text: with

text: and

text: perhaps

text: delay

text: the

text: AEC

text: 's

text: important

text: work

text: on

text: H

text: bombs

text: The

text: administration

text: had

text: discovered

text: through

text: its

text: own

text: investigations

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: scientists

text: on

text: the

text: AEC

text: J.

text: Robert

text: Oppenheimer

text: had

text: urged

text: that

text: the

text: H

text: bomb

text: work

text: be

text: delayed

text: Eisenhower

text: removed

text: him

text: from

text: the

text: agency

text: and

text: revoked

text: his

text: security

text: clearance

text: though

text: he

text: knew

text: this

text: would

text: create

text: fertile

text: ground

text: for

text: McCarthy

question: What organization did Eisenhower want to keep from being one of McCarthy's targets?

answer: Atomic Energy Commission

text: Atomic Energy Commission

question: What was the AEC working on at this time?

answer: H-bombs

text: H-bombs

question: What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb?

answer: J. Robert Oppenheimer

text: J. Robert Oppenheimer

question: What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed?

answer: removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance

text: removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance


text: Dutch vocabulary is predominantly Germanic in origin, with an additional share of loanwords of 20%. The main foreign influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century and culminating in the French period has been French and (northern) French, accounting for an estimated 6.8%, or more than a third of all loanwords. Latin, that has been spoken for centuries in the south of the Low Countries, and has since then for centuries plaid a major role as the language of science and religion, follows with 6.1%. High German and Low German, influential until the mid of the 19th century, account for 2.7%, but are mostly unrecognizable since many German loanwords have been "Dutchified", e.g. German "Fremdling" become Dutch "vreemdeling". From English, Dutch has taken over words since the middle of the 19th century, as a consequence of the gaining power of Britain and the United States. The share of English loanwords is about 1.5%, but this number is still on the increase. Conversely, Dutch contributed many loanwords to English, accounting for 1.3%.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Dutch

text: vocabulary

text: is

text: predominantly

text: Germanic

text: in

text: origin

text: with

text: an

text: additional

text: share

text: of

text: loanwords

text: of

text: The

text: main

text: foreign

text: influence

text: on

text: Dutch

text: vocabulary

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: period

text: has

text: been

text: French

text: and

text: northern

text: French

text: accounting

text: for

text: an

text: estimated

text: or

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: all

text: loanwords

text: Latin

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: spoken

text: for

text: centuries

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: and

text: has

text: since

text: then

text: for

text: centuries

text: plaid

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: religion

text: follows

text: with

text: High

text: German

text: and

text: Low

text: German

text: influential

text: until

text: the

text: mid

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: account

text: for

text: but

text: are

text: mostly

text: unrecognizable

text: since

text: many

text: German

text: loanwords

text: have

text: been

text: Dutchified

text: e.g.

text: German

text: Fremdling

text: become

text: Dutch

text: vreemdeling

text: From

text: English

text: Dutch

text: has

text: taken

text: over

text: words

text: since

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: gaining

text: power

text: of

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: share

text: of

text: English

text: loanwords

text: is

text: about

text: but

text: this

text: number

text: is

text: still

text: on

text: the

text: increase

text: Conversely

text: Dutch

text: contributed

text: many

text: loanwords

text: to

text: English

text: accounting

text: for

question: What percentage of loanwords are present in Dutch vocabulary?

answer: 20%

question: What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century?

answer: French

text: French

question: What language does Dutch get its second highest percentage of loanwords from?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: Together, what percentage of Dutch loanwords comes from High and Low German?

answer: 2.7%

question: In the loanword sharing between Dutch and English, which language got the higher percentage of loanwords?

answer: Dutch

text: Dutch


text: Beyoncé has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol". Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." Due to her curves and the term's catchiness, in the 2000s, the media often used the term "Bootylicious" (a portmanteau of the words booty and delicious) to describe Beyoncé, the term popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same name. In 2006, it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: having

text: a

text: wide

text: ranging

text: sex

text: appeal

text: with

text: music

text: journalist

text: Touré

text: writing

text: that

text: since

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: she

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: crossover

text: sex

text: symbol

text: Offstage

text: Beyoncé

text: says

text: that

text: while

text: she

text: likes

text: to

text: dress

text: sexily

text: her

text: onstage

text: dress

text: is

text: absolutely

text: for

text: the

text: stage

text: Due

text: to

text: her

text: curves

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: 's

text: catchiness

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: media

text: often

text: used

text: the

text: term

text: Bootylicious

text: a

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: the

text: words

text: booty

text: and

text: delicious

text: to

text: describe

text: Beyoncé

text: the

text: term

text: popularized

text: by

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: 's

text: single

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: Oxford

text: English

text: Dictionary

question: Beyonce's sex appeal is characterized as what?

answer: wide-ranging

text: wide-ranging

question: Which music journalist described Beyonce as a "crossover sex symbol?"

answer: Touré

text: Touré

question: Which word spawned from a term used to describe Beyonce in 2006?

answer: Bootylicious

text: Bootylicious

question: Bootylicious was a song from which act that Beyonce performed with?

answer: Destiny's Child

text: Destiny's Child

question: Oxford Dictionary added which word from the 2000s dedicated to Beyonce?

answer: Bootylicious

text: Bootylicious

question: What word is often used to describe Beyonce/

answer: Bootylicious

text: Bootylicious

question: When was the term added to the dictionary?

answer: 2006

question: What journalist wrote that Beyoncé was a "sex symbol"?

answer: Touré

text: Touré

question: Because of Beyoncé's physical shape, what slang term has been used to describe her?

answer: Bootylicious

text: Bootylicious

question: In what year was the slang term from a title of a Destiny's Child song that is also used to describe Beyoncé put in the dictionary?

answer: 2006

question: How does Beyoncé say she likes to dress off-stage?

answer: sexily

text: sexily


text: Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker. Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival. The feature film Siones Wedding, co-written by Oscar Kightley, was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia. The 2011 film The Orator was the first ever fully Samoan film, shot in Samoa in the Samoan language with a Samoan cast telling a uniquely Samoan story. Written and directed by Tusi Tamasese, it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: Director

text: Sima

text: Urale

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: winning

text: filmmaker

text: Urale

text: 's

text: short

text: film

text: O

text: Tamaiti

text: won

text: the

text: prestigious

text: Best

text: Short

text: Film

text: at

text: the

text: Venice

text: Film

text: Festival

text: in

text: Her

text: first

text: feature

text: film

text: Apron

text: Strings

text: opened

text: the

text: NZ

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: The

text: feature

text: film

text: Siones

text: Wedding

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: Oscar

text: Kightley

text: was

text: financially

text: successful

text: following

text: premieres

text: in

text: Auckland

text: and

text: Apia

text: The

text: film

text: The

text: Orator

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: fully

text: Samoan

text: film

text: shot

text: in

text: Samoa

text: in

text: the

text: Samoan

text: language

text: with

text: a

text: Samoan

text: cast

text: telling

text: a

text: uniquely

text: Samoan

text: story

text: Written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Tusi

text: Tamasese

text: it

text: received

text: much

text: critical

text: acclaim

text: and

text: attention

text: at

text: film

text: festivals

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

question: Who made the film O Tamaiti?

answer: Sima Urale

text: Sima Urale

question: What was Sima Urale's first feature-length production?

answer: Apron Strings

text: Apron Strings

question: What movie was the first ever all-Samoan production?

answer: The Orator

text: The Orator

question: Who wrote and directed The Orator?

answer: Tusi Tamasese

text: Tusi Tamasese

question: In what year did Apron Strings star as the opening film of the NZ International Film Festival?

answer: 2008

question: What film directed by Oscar Knightley won Best Short Film in 1996?

text: O Tamaiti

question: What event did the first feature film made by Oscar Knightley open?

text: the 2008 NZ International Film Festival

question: What was the name of the first fully Samoan film made in 1996?

text: The Orator

question: Who wrote and directed Siones Wedding in 2011?

text: Tusi Tamasese

question: Where did the film Apron Strings receive critical acclaim and attention in 2011?

text: throughout the world


text: In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry.[dubious – discuss] Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness, such perspectives common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: the

text: humanities

text: one

text: sense

text: of

text: culture

text: as

text: an

text: attribute

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: cultivated

text: a

text: particular

text: level

text: of

text: sophistication

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: sciences

text: education

text: or

text: manners

text: The

text: level

text: of

text: cultural

text: sophistication

text: has

text: also

text: sometimes

text: been

text: seen

text: to

text: distinguish

text: civilizations

text: from

text: less

text: complex

text: societies

text: Such

text: hierarchical

text: perspectives

text: on

text: culture

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: class

text: based

text: distinctions

text: between

text: a

text: high

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: elite

text: and

text: a

text: low

text: culture

text: popular

text: culture

text: or

text: folk

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: classes

text: distinguished

text: by

text: the

text: stratified

text: access

text: to

text: cultural

text: capital

text: In

text: common

text: parlance

text: culture

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: specifically

text: to

text: the

text: symbolic

text: markers

text: used

text: by

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: to

text: distinguish

text: themselves

text: visibly

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: such

text: as

text: body

text: modification

text: clothing

text: or

text: jewelry.[dubious

text: discuss

text: Mass

text: culture

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: produced

text: and

text: mass

text: mediated

text: forms

text: of

text: consumer

text: culture

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Some

text: schools

text: of

text: philosophy

text: such

text: as

text: Marxism

text: and

text: critical

text: theory

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: culture

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: politically

text: as

text: a

text: tool

text: of

text: the

text: elites

text: to

text: manipulate

text: the

text: lower

text: classes

text: and

text: create

text: a

text: false

text: consciousness

text: such

text: perspectives

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: discipline

text: of

text: cultural

text: studies

text: In

text: the

text: wider

text: social

text: sciences

text: the

text: theoretical

text: perspective

text: of

text: cultural

text: materialism

text: holds

text: that

text: human

text: symbolic

text: culture

text: arises

text: from

text: the

text: material

text: conditions

text: of

text: human

text: life

text: as

text: humans

text: create

text: the

text: conditions

text: for

text: physical

text: survival

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: culture

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: evolved

text: biological

text: dispositions

question: What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture visibly?

answer: body modification, clothing or jewelry

text: body modification, clothing or jewelry

question: Around what time did Mass Culture emerge?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: What do some schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?

answer: as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness

text: as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness

question: What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture invisibly?

text: body modification, clothing or jewelry

question: Around what time did Mass Culture end?

text: 20th century

question: What do no schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?

question: What school of philosophy argues that culture is never used politically?

text: Marxism

question: What perspective holds that the basis of culture is found in devolved biological dispositions?

text: cultural materialism


text: Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (see Ma malakat aymanukum and sex), leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or "mother of a child", a status that granted her privileged rights. The child was given rights of inheritance to the father's property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers' social status at birth and were born free.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: patriarchal

text: nature

text: of

text: Arab

text: society

text: Arab

text: men

text: including

text: during

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: enslaved

text: more

text: black

text: women

text: than

text: men

text: They

text: used

text: more

text: black

text: female

text: slaves

text: in

text: domestic

text: service

text: and

text: agriculture

text: than

text: males

text: The

text: men

text: interpreted

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: to

text: permit

text: sexual

text: relations

text: between

text: a

text: male

text: master

text: and

text: his

text: female

text: slave

text: outside

text: of

text: marriage

text: see

text: Ma

text: malakat

text: aymanukum

text: and

text: sex

text: leading

text: to

text: many

text: mixed

text: race

text: children

text: When

text: an

text: enslaved

text: woman

text: became

text: pregnant

text: with

text: her

text: Arab

text: master

text: 's

text: child

text: she

text: was

text: considered

text: as

text: umm

text: walad

text: or

text: mother

text: of

text: a

text: child

text: a

text: status

text: that

text: granted

text: her

text: privileged

text: rights

text: The

text: child

text: was

text: given

text: rights

text: of

text: inheritance

text: to

text: the

text: father

text: 's

text: property

text: so

text: mixed

text: race

text: children

text: could

text: share

text: in

text: any

text: wealth

text: of

text: the

text: father

text: Because

text: the

text: society

text: was

text: patrilineal

text: the

text: children

text: took

text: their

text: fathers

text: social

text: status

text: at

text: birth

text: and

text: were

text: born

text: free

question: Who was enslaved more often?

answer: black women

text: black women

question: What were female slaves used for?

answer: domestic service and agriculture

text: domestic service and agriculture

question: What did the Qur'an permit?

answer: sexual relations between a male master and his female slave

text: sexual relations between a male master and his female slave

question: What is the term for a pregnant slave?

answer: umm walad

text: umm walad

question: What does umm walad mean?

answer: "mother of a child"

text: "mother of a child"


text: Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. As the capital of the Republic of Nepal, various national festivals are celebrated in Kathmandu. With mass migration to the city, the cultures of Khas from the west, Kirats from the east, Bon/Tibetan from the north, and Mithila from the south meet in the capital and mingle harmoniously. The festivities such as the Ghode (horse) Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain Durga Puja festivals, Shivratri and many more are observed by all Hindu and Buddhist communities of Kathmandu with devotional fervor and enthusiasm. Social regulation in the codes enacted incorporate Hindu traditions and ethics. These were followed by the Shah kings and previous kings, as devout Hindus and protectors of Buddhist religion.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: fairs

text: and

text: festivals

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Malla

text: period

text: or

text: earlier

text: Traditionally

text: these

text: festivals

text: were

text: celebrated

text: by

text: Newars

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: these

text: festivals

text: have

text: found

text: wider

text: participation

text: from

text: other

text: Kathmanduites

text: as

text: well

text: As

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nepal

text: various

text: national

text: festivals

text: are

text: celebrated

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: With

text: mass

text: migration

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: cultures

text: of

text: Khas

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: Kirats

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: Bon

text: Tibetan

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Mithila

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: meet

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: mingle

text: harmoniously

text: The

text: festivities

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Ghode

text: horse

text: Jatra

text: Indra

text: Jatra

text: Dashain

text: Durga

text: Puja

text: festivals

text: Shivratri

text: and

text: many

text: more

text: are

text: observed

text: by

text: all

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Buddhist

text: communities

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: with

text: devotional

text: fervor

text: and

text: enthusiasm

text: Social

text: regulation

text: in

text: the

text: codes

text: enacted

text: incorporate

text: Hindu

text: traditions

text: and

text: ethics

text: These

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Shah

text: kings

text: and

text: previous

text: kings

text: as

text: devout

text: Hindus

text: and

text: protectors

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: religion

question: To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to?

answer: Malla

text: Malla

question: Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals?

answer: Newars

text: Newars

question: In what direction out of Kathmandu did the Khas originate from?

answer: west

text: west

question: What does Ghode mean?

answer: horse

text: horse

question: In relation to Kathmandu, where do the Tibetans hale?

answer: north

text: north


text: New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises the outer limits of the New York metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census. According to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: local

text: /nuː

text: ˈheɪvən/

text: noo

text: HAY

text: vən

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: municipality

text: in

text: Greater

text: New

text: Haven

text: which

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: New

text: Haven

text: Harbor

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Long

text: Island

text: Sound

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: County

text: Connecticut

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: comprises

text: the

text: outer

text: limits

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Connecticut

text: after

text: Bridgeport

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: census

text: of

text: July

text: by

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

question: In which US state is New Haven located?

answer: Connecticut

text: Connecticut

question: New Haven Harbor is located on the northern shore of what waterway?

answer: Long Island Sound

text: Long Island Sound

question: In what county is New Haven located?

answer: New Haven County

text: New Haven County

question: What is the population of New Haven according to the 2010 United States Census?

answer: 129,779

question: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area?

answer: New York metropolitan area

text: New York metropolitan area

question: What is the population of New Haven City in 2010?

answer: 129,779

question: What is Connecticut's biggest city?

answer: Bridgeport

text: Bridgeport

question: In what county is New Haven located in?

answer: New Haven County,

text: New Haven County,

question: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010?

answer: 862,477

question: What is the metropolitan next to New Haven County, Connecticut?

answer: New York

text: New York


text: In China, urbanization increased as the population grew and as the division of labor grew more complex. Large urban centers, such as Nanjing and Beijing, also contributed to the growth of private industry. In particular, small-scale industries grew up, often specializing in paper, silk, cotton, and porcelain goods. For the most part, however, relatively small urban centers with markets proliferated around the country. Town markets mainly traded food, with some necessary manufactures such as pins or oil. Despite the xenophobia and intellectual introspection characteristic of the increasingly popular new school of neo-Confucianism, China under the early Ming dynasty was not isolated. Foreign trade and other contacts with the outside world, particularly Japan, increased considerably. Chinese merchants explored all of the Indian Ocean, reaching East Africa with the treasure voyages of Zheng He.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: In

text: China

text: urbanization

text: increased

text: as

text: the

text: population

text: grew

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: labor

text: grew

text: more

text: complex

text: Large

text: urban

text: centers

text: such

text: as

text: Nanjing

text: and

text: Beijing

text: also

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: private

text: industry

text: In

text: particular

text: small

text: scale

text: industries

text: grew

text: up

text: often

text: specializing

text: in

text: paper

text: silk

text: cotton

text: and

text: porcelain

text: goods

text: For

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: however

text: relatively

text: small

text: urban

text: centers

text: with

text: markets

text: proliferated

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: Town

text: markets

text: mainly

text: traded

text: food

text: with

text: some

text: necessary

text: manufactures

text: such

text: as

text: pins

text: or

text: oil

text: Despite

text: the

text: xenophobia

text: and

text: intellectual

text: introspection

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: increasingly

text: popular

text: new

text: school

text: of

text: neo

text: Confucianism

text: China

text: under

text: the

text: early

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: was

text: not

text: isolated

text: Foreign

text: trade

text: and

text: other

text: contacts

text: with

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: particularly

text: Japan

text: increased

text: considerably

text: Chinese

text: merchants

text: explored

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: reaching

text: East

text: Africa

text: with

text: the

text: treasure

text: voyages

text: of

text: Zheng

text: He

question: Name one of the reasons urbanization grew in China.

answer: population grew

text: population grew

question: What did Nanjing and Beijing contribute to?

answer: growth of private industry

text: growth of private industry

question: What are Nanjing and Beijing?

answer: Large urban centers

text: Large urban centers

question: Under what rule was China not isolated?

answer: the early Ming dynasty

text: the early Ming dynasty

question: During The Early MIng Dynasty Chinese merchants explored all of what?

answer: Indian Ocean

text: Indian Ocean

question: What caused urbanization to increase in China?

answer: the population grew

text: the population grew

question: Where did Chinese merchants explore?

answer: all of the Indian Ocean

text: all of the Indian Ocean


text: In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reason—characteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus. This contrast appears to be shown on the two sides of the Borghese Vase.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: In

text: literary

text: contexts

text: Apollo

text: represents

text: harmony

text: order

text: and

text: reason

text: characteristics

text: contrasted

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: Dionysus

text: god

text: of

text: wine

text: who

text: represents

text: ecstasy

text: and

text: disorder

text: The

text: contrast

text: between

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: these

text: gods

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: adjectives

text: Apollonian

text: and

text: Dionysian

text: However

text: the

text: Greeks

text: thought

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: qualities

text: as

text: complementary

text: the

text: two

text: gods

text: are

text: brothers

text: and

text: when

text: Apollo

text: at

text: winter

text: left

text: for

text: Hyperborea

text: he

text: would

text: leave

text: the

text: Delphic

text: oracle

text: to

text: Dionysus

text: This

text: contrast

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: shown

text: on

text: the

text: two

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Borghese

text: Vase

question: Who was the god of wine?

answer: Dionysus

text: Dionysus

question: In literary contexts, who represents harmony, order and reason?

answer: Apollo

text: Apollo

question: Where did Apollo go in winter?

answer: Hyperborea

text: Hyperborea


text: Nasser appointed himself the additional roles of prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces on 19 June 1967. Angry at the military court's perceived leniency with air force officers charged with negligence during the 1967 war, workers and students launched protests calling for major political reforms in late February 1968. Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU). By 3 March, Nasser directed Egypt's intelligence apparatus to focus on external rather than domestic espionage, and declared the "fall of the mukhabarat state".

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: appointed

text: himself

text: the

text: additional

text: roles

text: of

text: prime

text: minister

text: and

text: supreme

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: on

text: June

text: Angry

text: at

text: the

text: military

text: court

text: 's

text: perceived

text: leniency

text: with

text: air

text: force

text: officers

text: charged

text: with

text: negligence

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: workers

text: and

text: students

text: launched

text: protests

text: calling

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: reforms

text: in

text: late

text: February

text: Nasser

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: demonstrations

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: public

text: challenge

text: to

text: his

text: rule

text: since

text: workers

text: protests

text: in

text: March

text: by

text: removing

text: most

text: military

text: figures

text: from

text: his

text: cabinet

text: and

text: appointing

text: eight

text: civilians

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: several

text: high

text: ranking

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Socialist

text: Union

text: ASU

text: By

text: March

text: Nasser

text: directed

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: intelligence

text: apparatus

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: external

text: rather

text: than

text: domestic

text: espionage

text: and

text: declared

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: mukhabarat

text: state

question: What new positions did Nasser give himself ?

answer: prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces

text: prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces

question: When did students protest for political reforms?

answer: 1968

question: What type of people were ousted from Nasser's cabinet?

answer: Arab Socialist Union

text: Arab Socialist Union

question: What type of spying did Nasser want to concentrate on?

answer: external

text: external


text: During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansion. The businessmen of the Second Industrial Revolution created industrial towns and cities in the Northeast with new factories, and contributed to the creation of an ethnically diverse industrial working class which produced the wealth owned by rising super-rich industrialists and financiers called the "robber barons". An example is the company of John D. Rockefeller, who was an important figure in shaping the new oil industry. Using highly effective tactics and aggressive practices, later widely criticized, Standard Oil absorbed or destroyed most of its competition.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: During

text: the

text: Gilded

text: Age

text: there

text: was

text: substantial

text: growth

text: in

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: extravagant

text: displays

text: of

text: wealth

text: and

text: excess

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: upper

text: class

text: during

text: the

text: post

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: post

text: Reconstruction

text: era

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: The

text: wealth

text: polarization

text: derived

text: primarily

text: from

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: expansion

text: The

text: businessmen

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: created

text: industrial

text: towns

text: and

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Northeast

text: with

text: new

text: factories

text: and

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: industrial

text: working

text: class

text: which

text: produced

text: the

text: wealth

text: owned

text: by

text: rising

text: super

text: rich

text: industrialists

text: and

text: financiers

text: called

text: the

text: robber

text: barons

text: An

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: company

text: of

text: John

text: D.

text: Rockefeller

text: who

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: figure

text: in

text: shaping

text: the

text: new

text: oil

text: industry

text: Using

text: highly

text: effective

text: tactics

text: and

text: aggressive

text: practices

text: later

text: widely

text: criticized

text: Standard

text: Oil

text: absorbed

text: or

text: destroyed

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: competition

question: What happened in the Glided Age/

answer: extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class

text: extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class

question: In what time period did the Glided Age occur?

answer: late 19th century

text: late 19th century

question: Where did the wealth of the Glided Age come form?

answer: industrial and population expansion.

text: industrial and population expansion.

question: What did Financiers refer to rich industrialist as?

answer: robber barons

text: robber barons

question: What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry?

answer: effective tactics and aggressive practices

text: effective tactics and aggressive practices


text: Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. These include the now-deprecated (i.e. de-certified but standardized) mini-A and mini-AB connectors; mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not OTG-compliant (On The Go, used in mobile devices). The mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both mini-A and mini-B plugs are approximately 3 by 7 mm; the mini-A connector and the mini-AB receptacle connector were deprecated on 23 May 2007.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Various

text: connectors

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: smaller

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: digital

text: cameras

text: smartphones

text: and

text: tablet

text: computers

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: now

text: deprecated

text: i.e.

text: de

text: certified

text: but

text: standardized

text: mini

text: A

text: and

text: mini

text: AB

text: connectors

text: mini

text: B

text: connectors

text: are

text: still

text: supported

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: OTG

text: compliant

text: On

text: The

text: Go

text: used

text: in

text: mobile

text: devices

text: The

text: mini

text: B

text: USB

text: connector

text: was

text: standard

text: for

text: transferring

text: data

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: smartphones

text: and

text: PDAs

text: Both

text: mini

text: A

text: and

text: mini

text: B

text: plugs

text: are

text: approximately

text: by

text: mm

text: the

text: mini

text: A

text: connector

text: and

text: the

text: mini

text: AB

text: receptacle

text: connector

text: were

text: deprecated

text: on

text: May

question: What has been used to connect digital cameras. smartphones and other devices to tablet computers?

answer: Various connectors

text: Various connectors

question: What was standard for transferring data to and from the earlier type of smartphones?

answer: The mini-B USB connector

text: The mini-B USB connector

question: How large are both mini-A and mini-B plugs?

answer: approximately 3 by 7 mm

text: approximately 3 by 7 mm

question: When were the mini-A connector and and the mini-AB receptacle connector depreceated?

answer: 23 May 2007

text: 23 May 2007


text: If current trends continue, missiles will replace gun systems completely in "first line" service.[citation needed] Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS, which uses the GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defence. Even this formerly front-line weapon is currently being replaced by new missile systems, such as the RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile, which is smaller, faster, and allows for mid-flight course correction (guidance) to ensure a hit. To bridge the gap between guns and missiles, Russia in particular produces the Kashtan CIWS, which uses both guns and missiles for final defence. Two six-barrelled 30 mm Gsh-6-30 Gatling guns and 9M311 surface-to-air missiles provide for its defensive capabilities.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: If

text: current

text: trends

text: continue

text: missiles

text: will

text: replace

text: gun

text: systems

text: completely

text: in

text: first

text: line

text: service.[citation

text: needed

text: Guns

text: are

text: being

text: increasingly

text: pushed

text: into

text: specialist

text: roles

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Goalkeeper

text: CIWS

text: which

text: uses

text: the

text: Avenger

text: mm

text: seven

text: barrel

text: Gatling

text: gun

text: for

text: last

text: ditch

text: anti

text: missile

text: and

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: defence

text: Even

text: this

text: formerly

text: front

text: line

text: weapon

text: is

text: currently

text: being

text: replaced

text: by

text: new

text: missile

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Rolling

text: Airframe

text: Missile

text: which

text: is

text: smaller

text: faster

text: and

text: allows

text: for

text: mid

text: flight

text: course

text: correction

text: guidance

text: to

text: ensure

text: a

text: hit

text: To

text: bridge

text: the

text: gap

text: between

text: guns

text: and

text: missiles

text: Russia

text: in

text: particular

text: produces

text: the

text: Kashtan

text: CIWS

text: which

text: uses

text: both

text: guns

text: and

text: missiles

text: for

text: final

text: defence

text: Two

text: six

text: barrelled

text: mm

text: Gatling

text: guns

text: and

text: surface

text: to

text: air

text: missiles

text: provide

text: for

text: its

text: defensive

text: capabilities

question: What is likely to entirely replace gun systems?

answer: missiles

text: missiles

question: What is being lead to specialty roles?

answer: Guns

text: Guns

question: What gun is used in the Dutch Goalkeeper CIWS?

answer: GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun

text: GAU-8 Avenger 30 mm seven-barrel Gatling gun

question: What RIM weapon permits mid-flight course adjustments?

answer: RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile

text: RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile

question: What weapon's system uses guns and missiles?

answer: Kashtan CIWS

text: Kashtan CIWS


text: Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education. These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three- to seven-year-old children that aim[s] at unfolding the child's physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them."

title: Education

title: Education

text: Preschools

text: provide

text: education

text: from

text: ages

text: approximately

text: three

text: to

text: seven

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: when

text: children

text: enter

text: primary

text: education

text: These

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: nursery

text: schools

text: and

text: as

text: kindergarten

text: except

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: where

text: kindergarten

text: is

text: a

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: primary

text: education.[citation

text: needed

text: Kindergarten

text: provide[s

text: a

text: child

text: centered

text: preschool

text: curriculum

text: for

text: three-

text: to

text: seven

text: year

text: old

text: children

text: that

text: aim[s

text: at

text: unfolding

text: the

text: child

text: 's

text: physical

text: intellectual

text: and

text: moral

text: nature

text: with

text: balanced

text: emphasis

text: on

text: each

text: of

text: them

question: Whats the typical age range for pre-school?

answer: three to seven

text: three to seven

question: What are pre-schools also known as?

answer: nursery schools and as kindergarten,

text: nursery schools and as kindergarten,

question: In what country is Kindergarten a term used for primary education?

answer: US

text: US

question: Whats the atypical age range for pre-school?

text: three to seven

question: What are pre-schools not known as?

text: nursery schools

question: In what country is kindergarten not a term used for primary education?

text: US

question: What ages are not included in Kindergarten?

text: three- to seven-year-old

question: What facets are not included in education?


text: The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years (Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi); and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: impact

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: election

text: reforms

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: in

text: numerous

text: areas

text: including

text: ASEAN

text: 's

text: approval

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: bid

text: for

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: ASEAN

text: chair

text: in

text: the

text: visit

text: by

text: United

text: States

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Hillary

text: Clinton

text: in

text: December

text: for

text: the

text: encouragement

text: of

text: further

text: progress

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: visit

text: by

text: a

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: fifty

text: years

text: Clinton

text: met

text: with

text: the

text: Burmese

text: president

text: and

text: former

text: military

text: commander

text: Thein

text: Sein

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: opposition

text: leader

text: Aung

text: San

text: Suu

text: Kyi

text: and

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: Aung

text: San

text: Suu

text: Kyi

text: 's

text: National

text: League

text: for

text: Democracy

text: NLD

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: by

text: elections

text: facilitated

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: laws

text: that

text: previously

text: barred

text: the

text: NLD

text: As

text: of

text: July

text: about

text: political

text: prisoners

text: remain

text: imprisoned

text: while

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: Burmese

text: Army

text: and

text: local

text: insurgent

text: groups

text: continues

question: Have the changes in Burmese law been of benefit to the country in international views ?

answer: approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

text: approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

question: Who was the United States Secretary of State who visited Myanmar in 2014?

answer: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

text: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

question: How long was the interval between the visits from the United States Secretary of State officials ?

answer: more than fifty years

text: more than fifty years

question: What political party does Aung San Suu Kyi belong to ?

answer: National League for Democracy (NLD) party

text: National League for Democracy (NLD) party


text: The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." The statement that "discoveries are...property" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years." In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: The

text: term

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: used

text: in

text: an

text: October

text: Massachusetts

text: Circuit

text: Court

text: ruling

text: in

text: the

text: patent

text: case

text: Davoll

text: et

text: al

text: v.

text: Brown

text: in

text: which

text: Justice

text: Charles

text: L.

text: Woodbury

text: wrote

text: that

text: only

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: can

text: we

text: protect

text: intellectual

text: property

text: the

text: labors

text: of

text: the

text: mind

text: productions

text: and

text: interests

text: are

text: as

text: much

text: a

text: man

text: 's

text: own

text: as

text: the

text: wheat

text: he

text: cultivates

text: or

text: the

text: flocks

text: he

text: rears

text: The

text: statement

text: that

text: discoveries

text: are

text: property

text: goes

text: back

text: earlier

text: Section

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: law

text: of

text: stated

text: All

text: new

text: discoveries

text: are

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: author

text: to

text: assure

text: the

text: inventor

text: the

text: property

text: and

text: temporary

text: enjoyment

text: of

text: his

text: discovery

text: there

text: shall

text: be

text: delivered

text: to

text: him

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: five

text: ten

text: or

text: fifteen

text: years

text: In

text: Europe

text: French

text: author

text: A.

text: Nion

text: mentioned

text: propriété

text: intellectuelle

text: in

text: his

text: Droits

text: civils

text: des

text: auteurs

text: artistes

text: et

text: inventeurs

text: published

text: in

question: When was the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown ruled on?

answer: October 1845

text: October 1845

question: Which court ruled on the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown?

answer: Massachusetts Circuit Court

text: Massachusetts Circuit Court

question: Who wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property"?

answer: Justice Charles L. Woodbury

text: Justice Charles L. Woodbury

question: What year did the "discoveries are property" concept appear in French law?

answer: 1791

question: When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property?

answer: 1846

question: What French author mentioned intellectual property in 1845?

text: A. Nion

question: Who ruled on the 1846 patent case?

text: Massachusetts Circuit Court

question: What justice wrote "All new discoveries are the property of the author"

text: Justice Charles L. Woodbury

question: In what year did French law state that " the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates"?

question: What is delivered to the nventor for anywhere from 1-15 years?

text: a patent


text: The Russians sent a fleet to Sinop in northern Anatolia. In the Battle of Sinop on 30 November 1853 they destroyed a patrol squadron of Ottoman frigates and corvettes while they were anchored in port. Public opinion in the UK and France was outraged and demanded war. Sinop provided the United Kingdom and France with the casus belli ("cause for war") for declaring war against Russia. On 28 March 1854, after Russia ignored an Anglo-French ultimatum to withdraw from the Danubian Principalities, the UK and France formally declared war.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: Russians

text: sent

text: a

text: fleet

text: to

text: Sinop

text: in

text: northern

text: Anatolia

text: In

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sinop

text: on

text: November

text: they

text: destroyed

text: a

text: patrol

text: squadron

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: frigates

text: and

text: corvettes

text: while

text: they

text: were

text: anchored

text: in

text: port

text: Public

text: opinion

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: France

text: was

text: outraged

text: and

text: demanded

text: war

text: Sinop

text: provided

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: France

text: with

text: the

text: casus

text: belli

text: cause

text: for

text: war

text: for

text: declaring

text: war

text: against

text: Russia

text: On

text: March

text: after

text: Russia

text: ignored

text: an

text: Anglo

text: French

text: ultimatum

text: to

text: withdraw

text: from

text: the

text: Danubian

text: Principalities

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: France

text: formally

text: declared

text: war

question: What battle took place on November 30, 1853?

answer: Battle of Sinop

text: Battle of Sinop

question: What did the Russian send to Sinop?

answer: a fleet

text: a fleet

question: While anchored in the port, what did the Russians destroy?

answer: a patrol squadron of Ottoman frigates and corvettes

text: a patrol squadron of Ottoman frigates and corvettes

question: What did Battle of Sinop provide for France and the U.K?

answer: cause for war

text: cause for war

question: When did the Russia disregard the ultimatum to leave the Danubian Principalities?

answer: 28 March 1854

text: 28 March 1854


text: The National Library of Nepal is located in Patan. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books. English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa books are found here. The library is in possession of rare scholarly books in Sanskrit and English dating from the 17th century AD. Kathmandu also contains the Kaiser Library, located in the Kaiser Mahal on the ground floor of the Ministry of Education building. This collection of around 45,000 books is derived from a personal collection of Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. It covers a wide range of subjects including history, law, art, religion, and philosophy, as well as a Sanskrit manual of Tantra, which is believed to be over 1,000 years old. The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Patan

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: library

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: books

text: English

text: Nepali

text: Sanskrit

text: Hindi

text: and

text: Nepal

text: Bhasa

text: books

text: are

text: found

text: here

text: The

text: library

text: is

text: in

text: possession

text: of

text: rare

text: scholarly

text: books

text: in

text: Sanskrit

text: and

text: English

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: Kathmandu

text: also

text: contains

text: the

text: Kaiser

text: Library

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Kaiser

text: Mahal

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: building

text: This

text: collection

text: of

text: around

text: books

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: a

text: personal

text: collection

text: of

text: Kaiser

text: Shamsher

text: Jang

text: Bahadur

text: Rana

text: It

text: covers

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: subjects

text: including

text: history

text: law

text: art

text: religion

text: and

text: philosophy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: Sanskrit

text: manual

text: of

text: Tantra

text: which

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: The

text: earthquake

text: caused

text: severe

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: building

text: and

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: the

text: Kaiser

text: Library

text: have

text: been

text: temporarily

text: relocated

question: How many volumes are contained in Nepal's National Library?

answer: 70,000

question: Along with Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali and English, the National Library contains books in what language?

answer: Nepal Bhasa

text: Nepal Bhasa

question: What government department is located in the same building as the Kaiser Library?

answer: Ministry of Education

text: Ministry of Education

question: How many volumes does the Kaiser Library contain?

answer: 45,000

question: Who did the Kaiser Library's books previously belong to?

answer: Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana

text: Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana


text: Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a separate phoneme is "это ткёт" ([ˈɛtə tkʲɵt], 'it weaves')/"этот кот" ([ˈɛtət kot], 'this cat')). Palatalization means that the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant. In the case of /tʲ/ and /dʲ/, the tongue is raised enough to produce slight frication (affricate sounds). These sounds: /t, d, ts, s, z, n and rʲ/ are dental, that is pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the alveolar ridge.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Russian

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: its

text: distinction

text: based

text: on

text: palatalization

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: consonants

text: While

text: /k/

text: /ɡ/

text: /x/

text: do

text: have

text: palatalized

text: allophones

text: kʲ

text: ɡʲ

text: xʲ

text: only

text: /kʲ/

text: might

text: be

text: considered

text: a

text: phoneme

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: marginal

text: and

text: generally

text: not

text: considered

text: distinctive

text: the

text: only

text: native

text: minimal

text: pair

text: which

text: argues

text: for

text: /kʲ/

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: separate

text: phoneme

text: is

text: это

text: ткёт

text: ˈɛtə

text: tkʲɵt

text: it

text: weaves')/"этот

text: кот

text: ˈɛtət

text: kot

text: this

text: cat

text: Palatalization

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: tongue

text: is

text: raised

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: articulation

text: of

text: the

text: consonant

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: /tʲ/

text: and

text: /dʲ/

text: the

text: tongue

text: is

text: raised

text: enough

text: to

text: produce

text: slight

text: frication

text: affricate

text: sounds

text: These

text: sounds

text: /t

text: d

text: ts

text: s

text: z

text: n

text: and

text: rʲ/

text: are

text: dental

text: that

text: is

text: pronounced

text: with

text: the

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: tongue

text: against

text: the

text: teeth

text: rather

text: than

text: against

text: the

text: alveolar

text: ridge

question: What might /kʲ/ be considered?

answer: a phoneme

text: a phoneme

question: What is palatalization?

answer: the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant

text: the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant

question: How are 'dental' sounds pronounced?

answer: with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the alveolar ridge

text: with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the alveolar ridge

question: What might r be considered?

text: a phoneme

question: G is considered marginal but not considered what?

text: distinctive

question: What is the only minimal pair that shows g is a separate phoneme?

question: What does allophone mean?

question: What does the tongue produce with g and x?

text: slight frication (affricate sounds)


text: On 8 February 1963, a military coup in Iraq led by a Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance toppled Qasim, who was subsequently shot dead. Abdel Salam Aref, a Nasserist, was chosen to be the new president. A similar alliance toppled the Syrian government on 8 March. On 14 March, the new Iraqi and Syrian governments sent Nasser delegations to push for a new Arab union. At the meeting, Nasser lambasted the Ba'athists for "facilitating" Syria's split from the UAR, and asserted that he was the "leader of the Arabs". A transitional unity agreement stipulating a federal system was signed by the parties on 17 April and the new union was set to be established in May 1965. However, the agreement fell apart weeks later when Syria's Ba'athists purged Nasser's supporters from the officers corps. A failed counter-coup by a Nasserist colonel followed, after which Nasser condemned the Ba'athists as "fascists".

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: On

text: February

text: a

text: military

text: coup

text: in

text: Iraq

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: Ba'athist

text: Nasserist

text: alliance

text: toppled

text: Qasim

text: who

text: was

text: subsequently

text: shot

text: dead

text: Abdel

text: Salam

text: Aref

text: a

text: Nasserist

text: was

text: chosen

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: new

text: president

text: A

text: similar

text: alliance

text: toppled

text: the

text: Syrian

text: government

text: on

text: March

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: new

text: Iraqi

text: and

text: Syrian

text: governments

text: sent

text: Nasser

text: delegations

text: to

text: push

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: Arab

text: union

text: At

text: the

text: meeting

text: Nasser

text: lambasted

text: the

text: Ba'athists

text: for

text: facilitating

text: Syria

text: 's

text: split

text: from

text: the

text: UAR

text: and

text: asserted

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Arabs

text: A

text: transitional

text: unity

text: agreement

text: stipulating

text: a

text: federal

text: system

text: was

text: signed

text: by

text: the

text: parties

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: union

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: be

text: established

text: in

text: May

text: However

text: the

text: agreement

text: fell

text: apart

text: weeks

text: later

text: when

text: Syria

text: 's

text: Ba'athists

text: purged

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: supporters

text: from

text: the

text: officers

text: corps

text: A

text: failed

text: counter

text: coup

text: by

text: a

text: Nasserist

text: colonel

text: followed

text: after

text: which

text: Nasser

text: condemned

text: the

text: Ba'athists

text: as

text: fascists

question: What groups completed a coup in Iraq?

answer: Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance

text: Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance

question: Who became the new Iraqi president after the coup?

answer: Abdel Salam Aref

text: Abdel Salam Aref

question: What caused the agreement to fail?

answer: Syria's Ba'athists purged Nasser's supporters

text: Syria's Ba'athists purged Nasser's supporters

question: How did Nasser describe the Ba'athists?

answer: fascists

text: fascists


text: Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: Downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: occupied

text: by

text: nearly

text: residents

text: has

text: a

text: more

text: residential

text: character

text: than

text: most

text: downtowns

text: The

text: downtown

text: area

text: provides

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: jobs

text: and

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: tax

text: base

text: and

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: has

text: become

text: filled

text: with

text: dozens

text: of

text: new

text: upscale

text: restaurants

text: several

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: garnered

text: national

text: praise

text: such

text: as

text: Ibiza

text: recognized

text: by

text: Esquire

text: and

text: Wine

text: Spectator

text: magazines

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: Spanish

text: food

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: shops

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: apartments

text: and

text: condominium

text: units

text: which

text: subsequently

text: help

text: overall

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: city

question: Approximately how many residents make up the population of downtown New Haven?

answer: 7,000

question: What downtown New Haven restaurant was cited by the New York Times, Esquire and Wine Spectator for its outstanding Spanish cuisine?

answer: Ibiza

text: Ibiza

question: Downtown New Haven contributes approximately how many jobs to the city?

answer: about half

text: about half

question: Downtown New Haven contributes approximately what amount of the overall tax base for the area?

answer: half

text: half

question: How many people live in downtown New Haven?

answer: 7,000 residents

text: 7,000 residents

question: In terms of economy the downtown portion is responsible for what?

answer: half of the city's jobs

text: half of the city's jobs

question: Of the downtown area what gets the most positive media coverage?

answer: new upscale restaurants

text: new upscale restaurants

question: What has help the most with the continuous growth within the area?

answer: thousands of apartments and condominium

text: thousands of apartments and condominium


text: On May 20, 1971, his brother, Meinhard, died in a car accident. Meinhard had been drinking and was killed instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was due to marry Erika Knapp, and the couple had a three-year-old son, Patrick. Schwarzenegger would pay for Patrick's education and help him to emigrate to the United States. Gustav died the following year from a stroke. In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger's image more cold and machine-like in order to fan controversy for the film. Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, has said he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother. Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father's funeral.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: On

text: May

text: his

text: brother

text: Meinhard

text: died

text: in

text: a

text: car

text: accident

text: Meinhard

text: had

text: been

text: drinking

text: and

text: was

text: killed

text: instantly

text: Schwarzenegger

text: did

text: not

text: attend

text: his

text: funeral

text: Meinhard

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: marry

text: Erika

text: Knapp

text: and

text: the

text: couple

text: had

text: a

text: three

text: year

text: old

text: son

text: Patrick

text: Schwarzenegger

text: would

text: pay

text: for

text: Patrick

text: 's

text: education

text: and

text: help

text: him

text: to

text: emigrate

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Gustav

text: died

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: from

text: a

text: stroke

text: In

text: Pumping

text: Iron

text: Schwarzenegger

text: claimed

text: that

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: attend

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: funeral

text: because

text: he

text: was

text: training

text: for

text: a

text: bodybuilding

text: contest

text: Later

text: he

text: and

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: producer

text: said

text: this

text: story

text: was

text: taken

text: from

text: another

text: bodybuilder

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: showing

text: the

text: extremes

text: that

text: some

text: would

text: go

text: to

text: for

text: their

text: sport

text: and

text: to

text: make

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: image

text: more

text: cold

text: and

text: machine

text: like

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: fan

text: controversy

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: Barbara

text: Baker

text: his

text: first

text: serious

text: girlfriend

text: has

text: said

text: he

text: informed

text: her

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: death

text: without

text: emotion

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: never

text: spoke

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: Over

text: time

text: he

text: has

text: given

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: versions

text: of

text: why

text: he

text: was

text: absent

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: funeral

question: What year did Schwarzenegger's brother die?

answer: 1971

question: What is Meinhard's son named?

answer: Patrick

text: Patrick

question: What caused Schwarzenegger's father Gustav's death?

answer: stroke

text: stroke

question: Who was the first woman Schwarzenegger was serious about?

answer: Barbara Baker

text: Barbara Baker


text: In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the audio signal. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques; speech coding, or voice coding, is sometimes distinguished as a separate discipline from audio compression. Different audio and speech compression standards are listed under audio coding formats. Voice compression is used in internet telephony, for example, audio compression is used for CD ripping and is decoded by the audio players.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: In

text: lossy

text: audio

text: compression

text: methods

text: of

text: psychoacoustics

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: remove

text: non

text: audible

text: or

text: less

text: audible

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: audio

text: signal

text: Compression

text: of

text: human

text: speech

text: is

text: often

text: performed

text: with

text: even

text: more

text: specialized

text: techniques

text: speech

text: coding

text: or

text: voice

text: coding

text: is

text: sometimes

text: distinguished

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: discipline

text: from

text: audio

text: compression

text: Different

text: audio

text: and

text: speech

text: compression

text: standards

text: are

text: listed

text: under

text: audio

text: coding

text: formats

text: Voice

text: compression

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: internet

text: telephony

text: for

text: example

text: audio

text: compression

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: CD

text: ripping

text: and

text: is

text: decoded

text: by

text: the

text: audio

text: players

question: What methods are used to remove non-audible components of audio signals?

answer: psychoacoustics

text: psychoacoustics

question: What compression is usually performed with even more specialized techniques?

answer: human speech

text: human speech

question: What is used in internet telephony?

answer: Voice compression

text: Voice compression

question: What is used for CD ripping?

answer: audio compression

text: audio compression

question: What is encoded by audio players?

answer: audio compression

text: audio compression

question: What methods are used to removed coding components of audio signals?

text: psychoacoustics

question: What compression is usually performed with even more psychoacoustics?

text: Voice compression

question: What are different audio and speech CD ripping listed under?

text: audio coding formats

question: What is distinguished as a separate lossy from audio compression?

text: speech coding

question: Voice speech is used in what?

text: internet telephony