text: Bon Jovi's third album, Slippery When Wet (1986), mixed hard rock with a pop sensitivity and spent a total of 8 weeks at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart, selling 12 million copies in the US while becoming the first hard rock album to spawn three top 10 singles — two of which reached number one. The album has been credited with widening the audiences for the genre, particularly by appealing to women as well as the traditional male dominated audience, and opening the door to MTV and commercial success for other bands at the end of the decade. The anthemic The Final Countdown (1986) by Swedish group Europe was an international hit, reaching number eight on the US charts while hitting the top 10 in nine other countries. This era also saw more glam-infused American hard rock bands come to the forefront, with both Poison and Cinderella releasing their multi-platinum début albums in 1986. Van Halen released 5150 (1986), their first album with Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, which was number one in the US for three weeks and sold over 6 million copies. By the second half of the decade, hard rock had become the most reliable form of commercial popular music in the United States.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Bon

text: Jovi

text: 's

text: third

text: album

text: Slippery

text: When

text: Wet

text: mixed

text: hard

text: rock

text: with

text: a

text: pop

text: sensitivity

text: and

text: spent

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: weeks

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: Billboard

text: album

text: chart

text: selling

text: million

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: while

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: hard

text: rock

text: album

text: to

text: spawn

text: three

text: top

text: singles

text: two

text: of

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: one

text: The

text: album

text: has

text: been

text: credited

text: with

text: widening

text: the

text: audiences

text: for

text: the

text: genre

text: particularly

text: by

text: appealing

text: to

text: women

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: traditional

text: male

text: dominated

text: audience

text: and

text: opening

text: the

text: door

text: to

text: MTV

text: and

text: commercial

text: success

text: for

text: other

text: bands

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: The

text: anthemic

text: The

text: Final

text: Countdown

text: by

text: Swedish

text: group

text: Europe

text: was

text: an

text: international

text: hit

text: reaching

text: number

text: eight

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: charts

text: while

text: hitting

text: the

text: top

text: in

text: nine

text: other

text: countries

text: This

text: era

text: also

text: saw

text: more

text: glam

text: infused

text: American

text: hard

text: rock

text: bands

text: come

text: to

text: the

text: forefront

text: with

text: both

text: Poison

text: and

text: Cinderella

text: releasing

text: their

text: multi

text: platinum

text: début

text: albums

text: in

text: Van

text: Halen

text: released

text: their

text: first

text: album

text: with

text: Sammy

text: Hagar

text: on

text: lead

text: vocals

text: which

text: was

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: for

text: three

text: weeks

text: and

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: By

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: hard

text: rock

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: reliable

text: form

text: of

text: commercial

text: popular

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What is the title of Bon Jovi's third lp?

answer: Slippery When Wet

text: Slippery When Wet

question: How many copies did this record sell?

answer: 12 million

text: 12 million

question: What was the band Europe's international hit?

answer: The Final Countdown

text: The Final Countdown

question: What was Van Halen's 1986 album called?

answer: 5150

question: Who was the new lead singer for Van Halen on 5150?

answer: Sammy Hagar

text: Sammy Hagar

question: What was Bon Jovi's second album?

text: Slippery When Wet

question: Which Bon Jovi album spent 10 weeks on top of the Billboard 200 charts?

text: Slippery When Wet

question: What group from England released The Final Countdown in 1986?

text: Europe

question: What album by Europe reached number nine in ten countries besides the US?

text: The Final Countdown

question: Which album did Van Halen release in 1986 which was the second album to feature Sammy Hagar as lead vocal singer?


text: The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: first

text: overseas

text: deployment

text: of

text: Canadian

text: military

text: forces

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Boer

text: War

text: when

text: several

text: units

text: were

text: raised

text: to

text: serve

text: under

text: British

text: command

text: Similarly

text: when

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: entered

text: into

text: conflict

text: with

text: Germany

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: Canadian

text: troops

text: were

text: called

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: European

text: theatres

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Crown

text: in

text: Council

text: then

text: decided

text: to

text: send

text: its

text: forces

text: into

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

question: When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?

answer: Second Boer War

text: Second Boer War

question: Under what command did they serve?

answer: British command

text: British command

question: When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe?

answer: the First World War

text: the First World War

question: What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?

answer: Second World War

text: Second World War

question: What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in?

answer: Korean War

text: Korean War

question: What force was first deployed overseas during the Second World War?

text: Canadian military forces

question: Who entered into conflict with the United Kingdom during the First World War?

text: Germany

question: What wars did the Canadian Council-in-Crown send its forces into?

question: When was the first overseas deployment of the French Military?

text: Second Boer War

question: Under what command did they not serve?

text: British command

question: When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Asia?

text: First World War

question: What other European war were the Canadian Forces not involved in?

text: Second World War,

question: What Asian war were the Canadian Forces never involved in?

text: Korean War


text: Baroque instruments included some instruments from the earlier periods (e.g., the hurdy-gurdy and recorder) and a number of new instruments (e.g, the cello, contrabass and fortepiano). Some instruments from previous eras fell into disuse, such as the shawm and the wooden cornet. The key Baroque instruments for strings included the violin, viol, viola, viola d'amore, cello, contrabass, lute, theorbo (which often played the basso continuo parts), mandolin, cittern, Baroque guitar, harp and hurdy-gurdy. Woodwinds included the Baroque flute, Baroque oboe, rackett, recorder and the bassoon. Brass instruments included the cornett, natural horn, Baroque trumpet, serpent and the trombone. Keyboard instruments included the clavichord, tangent piano, the fortepiano (an early version of the piano), the harpsichord and the pipe organ. Percussion instruments included the timpani, snare drum, tambourine and the castanets.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Baroque

text: instruments

text: included

text: some

text: instruments

text: from

text: the

text: earlier

text: periods

text: e.g.

text: the

text: hurdy

text: gurdy

text: and

text: recorder

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: instruments

text: e.g

text: the

text: cello

text: contrabass

text: and

text: fortepiano

text: Some

text: instruments

text: from

text: previous

text: eras

text: fell

text: into

text: disuse

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: shawm

text: and

text: the

text: wooden

text: cornet

text: The

text: key

text: Baroque

text: instruments

text: for

text: strings

text: included

text: the

text: violin

text: viol

text: viola

text: viola

text: d'amore

text: cello

text: contrabass

text: lute

text: theorbo

text: which

text: often

text: played

text: the

text: basso

text: continuo

text: parts

text: mandolin

text: cittern

text: Baroque

text: guitar

text: harp

text: and

text: hurdy

text: gurdy

text: Woodwinds

text: included

text: the

text: Baroque

text: flute

text: Baroque

text: oboe

text: rackett

text: recorder

text: and

text: the

text: bassoon

text: Brass

text: instruments

text: included

text: the

text: cornett

text: natural

text: horn

text: Baroque

text: trumpet

text: serpent

text: and

text: the

text: trombone

text: Keyboard

text: instruments

text: included

text: the

text: clavichord

text: tangent

text: piano

text: the

text: fortepiano

text: an

text: early

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: piano

text: the

text: harpsichord

text: and

text: the

text: pipe

text: organ

text: Percussion

text: instruments

text: included

text: the

text: timpani

text: snare

text: drum

text: tambourine

text: and

text: the

text: castanets

question: The cello, contrabrass and fortepiano were new instruments during what period?

answer: Baroque

text: Baroque

question: What happened to the shawn and the wooden cornet during the Baroque period?

answer: fell into disuse

text: fell into disuse

question: The timpani ans castanets are what type of instrument?

answer: Percussion

text: Percussion

question: The serpent is what type of instrument?

answer: Brass

text: Brass

question: Which string instrument often played the basso continuo parts?

answer: theorbo

text: theorbo


text: Football is also popular in Armenia. The most successful team was the FC Ararat Yerevan team of the 1970s who won the Soviet Cup in 1973 and 1975 and the Soviet Top League in 1973. The latter achievement saw FC Ararat gain entry to the European Cup where – despite a home victory in the second leg – they lost on aggregate at the quarter final stage to eventual winner FC Bayern Munich. Armenia competed internationally as part of the USSR national football team until the Armenian national football team was formed in 1992 after the split of the Soviet Union. Armenia have never qualified for a major tournament although recent improvements saw the team to achieve 44th position in the FIFA World Rankings in September 2011. The national team is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia. The Armenian Premier League is the highest level football competition in Armenia, and has been dominated by FC Pyunik in recent seasons. The league currently consists of eight teams and relegates to the Armenian First League.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Football

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: in

text: Armenia

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: team

text: was

text: the

text: FC

text: Ararat

text: Yerevan

text: team

text: of

text: the

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Cup

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Top

text: League

text: in

text: The

text: latter

text: achievement

text: saw

text: FC

text: Ararat

text: gain

text: entry

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Cup

text: where

text: despite

text: a

text: home

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: leg

text: they

text: lost

text: on

text: aggregate

text: at

text: the

text: quarter

text: final

text: stage

text: to

text: eventual

text: winner

text: FC

text: Bayern

text: Munich

text: Armenia

text: competed

text: internationally

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: until

text: the

text: Armenian

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: split

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Armenia

text: have

text: never

text: qualified

text: for

text: a

text: major

text: tournament

text: although

text: recent

text: improvements

text: saw

text: the

text: team

text: to

text: achieve

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Rankings

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: national

text: team

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Football

text: Federation

text: of

text: Armenia

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Premier

text: League

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: football

text: competition

text: in

text: Armenia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: dominated

text: by

text: FC

text: Pyunik

text: in

text: recent

text: seasons

text: The

text: league

text: currently

text: consists

text: of

text: eight

text: teams

text: and

text: relegates

text: to

text: the

text: Armenian

text: First

text: League

question: What team won the Soviet football Cup in 1973 and 1975?

answer: FC Ararat Yerevan team

text: FC Ararat Yerevan team

question: Which team did the FC Ararat lose to in the European Cup?

answer: FC Bayern Munich

text: FC Bayern Munich

question: What FIFA ranking did Armenia hold in 2011?

answer: 44th

question: How many teams does the Armenian Premier League have?

answer: eight teams

text: eight teams


text: In 1992, the university drafted a new Statement on Academic Freedom, specifying that limitations may be placed upon "expression with students or in public that: (1) contradicts or opposes, rather than analyzes or discusses, fundamental Church doctrine or policy; (2) deliberately attacks or derides the Church or its general leaders; or (3) violates the Honor Code because the expression is dishonest, illegal, unchaste, profane, or unduly disrespectful of others." These restrictions have caused some controversy as several professors have been disciplined according to the new rule. The American Association of University Professors has claimed that "infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly poor." The new rules have not affected BYU's accreditation, as the university's chosen accrediting body allows "religious colleges and universities to place limitations on academic freedom so long as they publish those limitations candidly", according to associate academic vice president Jim Gordon. The AAUP's concern was not with restrictions on the faculty member's religious expression but with a failure, as alleged by the faculty member and AAUP, that the restrictions had not been adequately specified in advance by BYU: "The AAUP requires that any doctrinal limitations on academic freedom be laid out clearly in writing. We [AAUP] concluded that BYU had failed to do so adequately."

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: In

text: the

text: university

text: drafted

text: a

text: new

text: Statement

text: on

text: Academic

text: Freedom

text: specifying

text: that

text: limitations

text: may

text: be

text: placed

text: upon

text: expression

text: with

text: students

text: or

text: in

text: public

text: that

text: contradicts

text: or

text: opposes

text: rather

text: than

text: analyzes

text: or

text: discusses

text: fundamental

text: Church

text: doctrine

text: or

text: policy

text: deliberately

text: attacks

text: or

text: derides

text: the

text: Church

text: or

text: its

text: general

text: leaders

text: or

text: violates

text: the

text: Honor

text: Code

text: because

text: the

text: expression

text: is

text: dishonest

text: illegal

text: unchaste

text: profane

text: or

text: unduly

text: disrespectful

text: of

text: others

text: These

text: restrictions

text: have

text: caused

text: some

text: controversy

text: as

text: several

text: professors

text: have

text: been

text: disciplined

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: rule

text: The

text: American

text: Association

text: of

text: University

text: Professors

text: has

text: claimed

text: that

text: infringements

text: on

text: academic

text: freedom

text: are

text: distressingly

text: common

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: climate

text: for

text: academic

text: freedom

text: is

text: distressingly

text: poor

text: The

text: new

text: rules

text: have

text: not

text: affected

text: BYU

text: 's

text: accreditation

text: as

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: chosen

text: accrediting

text: body

text: allows

text: religious

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: to

text: place

text: limitations

text: on

text: academic

text: freedom

text: so

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: publish

text: those

text: limitations

text: candidly

text: according

text: to

text: associate

text: academic

text: vice

text: president

text: Jim

text: Gordon

text: The

text: AAUP

text: 's

text: concern

text: was

text: not

text: with

text: restrictions

text: on

text: the

text: faculty

text: member

text: 's

text: religious

text: expression

text: but

text: with

text: a

text: failure

text: as

text: alleged

text: by

text: the

text: faculty

text: member

text: and

text: AAUP

text: that

text: the

text: restrictions

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: adequately

text: specified

text: in

text: advance

text: by

text: BYU

text: The

text: AAUP

text: requires

text: that

text: any

text: doctrinal

text: limitations

text: on

text: academic

text: freedom

text: be

text: laid

text: out

text: clearly

text: in

text: writing

text: We

text: AAUP

text: concluded

text: that

text: BYU

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: adequately

question: In what year did BYU draft a new Statement on Academic Freedom?

answer: 1992

question: The new Statement on Academic Freedom allows students to analyze and discuss Church doctrine but does not allow student expressions that do what?

answer: contradicts or opposes

text: contradicts or opposes

question: What cannot be violated because the expression is dishonest according to the new Statement on Academic Freedom?

answer: Honor Code

text: Honor Code

question: How many professors have been disciplined according to the new Statement on Academic Freedom?

answer: several

text: several

question: Who claimed that infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly por?

answer: The American Association of University Professors

text: The American Association of University Professors

question: What did the university draft in 1929?

text: a new Statement on Academic Freedom,

question: What did the Association of American University Professors claim?

question: What did the new rules have an effect on?

text: BYU's accreditation

question: What organization was Jim Gordon the president of?

text: AAUP

question: What does AUAP stand for?


text: Upon exposure, the amount of light energy that reaches the film determines the effect upon the emulsion. If the brightness of the light is multiplied by a factor and the exposure of the film decreased by the same factor by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture, so that the energy received is the same, the film will be developed to the same density. This rule is called reciprocity. The systems for determining the sensitivity for an emulsion are possible because reciprocity holds. In practice, reciprocity works reasonably well for normal photographic films for the range of exposures between 1/1000 second to 1/2 second. However, this relationship breaks down outside these limits, a phenomenon known as reciprocity failure.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: Upon

text: exposure

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: light

text: energy

text: that

text: reaches

text: the

text: film

text: determines

text: the

text: effect

text: upon

text: the

text: emulsion

text: If

text: the

text: brightness

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: is

text: multiplied

text: by

text: a

text: factor

text: and

text: the

text: exposure

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: decreased

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: factor

text: by

text: varying

text: the

text: camera

text: 's

text: shutter

text: speed

text: and

text: aperture

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: energy

text: received

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: the

text: film

text: will

text: be

text: developed

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: density

text: This

text: rule

text: is

text: called

text: reciprocity

text: The

text: systems

text: for

text: determining

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: for

text: an

text: emulsion

text: are

text: possible

text: because

text: reciprocity

text: holds

text: In

text: practice

text: reciprocity

text: works

text: reasonably

text: well

text: for

text: normal

text: photographic

text: films

text: for

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: exposures

text: between

text: second

text: to

text: second

text: However

text: this

text: relationship

text: breaks

text: down

text: outside

text: these

text: limits

text: a

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: reciprocity

text: failure

question: What determines the effect on the emulsion after exposure?

answer: the amount of light energy that reaches the film

text: the amount of light energy that reaches the film

question: In what range of exposures does reciprocity usually work?

answer: between 1/1000 second to 1/2 second

text: between 1/1000 second to 1/2 second

question: How is the exposure of film changed?

answer: by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture

text: by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture

question: How are ways of finding an emulsion's sensitivity possible?

answer: because reciprocity holds

text: because reciprocity holds

question: What happens outside the 1/1000 second to 1/second exposure range?

answer: reciprocity failure

text: reciprocity failure

question: What determines the amount of light energy that reaches the film?

text: the emulsion

question: Multiplying the brightness of a light by a factor and decreasing the exposure by the same factor causes what to change?

text: density

question: How is the brightness of a light changed?

question: Reciprocity only works outside of what ranges?

text: 1/1000 second to 1/2 second

question: Reciprocity holds because of what system?


text: However, for his part, Hayek found this term "singularly unattractive" and offered the term "Old Whig" (a phrase borrowed from Edmund Burke) instead. In his later life, he said, "I am becoming a Burkean Whig." However, Whiggery as a political doctrine had little affinity for classical political economy, the tabernacle of the Manchester School and William Gladstone. His essay has served as an inspiration to other liberal-minded economists wishing to distinguish themselves from conservative thinkers, for example James M. Buchanan's essay "Why I, Too, Am Not a Conservative: The Normative Vision of Classical Liberalism".

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: However

text: for

text: his

text: part

text: Hayek

text: found

text: this

text: term

text: singularly

text: unattractive

text: and

text: offered

text: the

text: term

text: Old

text: Whig

text: a

text: phrase

text: borrowed

text: from

text: Edmund

text: Burke

text: instead

text: In

text: his

text: later

text: life

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: am

text: becoming

text: a

text: Burkean

text: Whig

text: However

text: Whiggery

text: as

text: a

text: political

text: doctrine

text: had

text: little

text: affinity

text: for

text: classical

text: political

text: economy

text: the

text: tabernacle

text: of

text: the

text: Manchester

text: School

text: and

text: William

text: Gladstone

text: His

text: essay

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: an

text: inspiration

text: to

text: other

text: liberal

text: minded

text: economists

text: wishing

text: to

text: distinguish

text: themselves

text: from

text: conservative

text: thinkers

text: for

text: example

text: James

text: M.

text: Buchanan

text: 's

text: essay

text: Why

text: I

text: Too

text: Am

text: Not

text: a

text: Conservative

text: The

text: Normative

text: Vision

text: of

text: Classical

text: Liberalism

question: What did Hayek suggest as an alternative to being called a libertarian?

answer: Old Whig

text: Old Whig

question: In opposition to conservatives, what group has Hayek's work influenced?

answer: liberal-minded economists

text: liberal-minded economists

question: Who wrote an essay as a result of Hayek's "Why I Am Not a Conservative"?

answer: James M. Buchanan

text: James M. Buchanan

question: From whom did Hayek acquire the term he proposed as an alternative to libertarian?

answer: Edmund Burke

text: Edmund Burke

question: In his later years, what term did Hayek use to describe himself?

answer: a Burkean Whig

text: a Burkean Whig


text: Based on the similar shifts underway the nation's economy after 1960, Philadelphia experienced a loss of manufacturing companies and jobs to lower taxed regions of the USA and often overseas. As a result, the economic base of Philadelphia, which had historically been manufacturing, declined significantly. In addition, consolidation in several American industries (retailing, financial services and health care in particular) reduced the number of companies headquartered in Philadelphia. The economic impact of these changes would reduce Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government. Philadelphia struggled through a long period of adjustment to these economic changes, coupled with significant demographic change as wealthier residents moved into the nearby suburbs and more immigrants moved into the city. The city in fact approached bankruptcy in the late 1980s. Revitalization began in the 1990s, with gentrification turning around many neighborhoods and reversing its decades-long trend of population loss.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: similar

text: shifts

text: underway

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: economy

text: after

text: Philadelphia

text: experienced

text: a

text: loss

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: companies

text: and

text: jobs

text: to

text: lower

text: taxed

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: and

text: often

text: overseas

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: economic

text: base

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: which

text: had

text: historically

text: been

text: manufacturing

text: declined

text: significantly

text: In

text: addition

text: consolidation

text: in

text: several

text: American

text: industries

text: retailing

text: financial

text: services

text: and

text: health

text: care

text: in

text: particular

text: reduced

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: companies

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: The

text: economic

text: impact

text: of

text: these

text: changes

text: would

text: reduce

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: tax

text: base

text: and

text: the

text: resources

text: of

text: local

text: government

text: Philadelphia

text: struggled

text: through

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: adjustment

text: to

text: these

text: economic

text: changes

text: coupled

text: with

text: significant

text: demographic

text: change

text: as

text: wealthier

text: residents

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: nearby

text: suburbs

text: and

text: more

text: immigrants

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: city

text: in

text: fact

text: approached

text: bankruptcy

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Revitalization

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: gentrification

text: turning

text: around

text: many

text: neighborhoods

text: and

text: reversing

text: its

text: decades

text: long

text: trend

text: of

text: population

text: loss

question: What was the historical economic base of Philadelphia?

answer: manufacturing

text: manufacturing

question: When did the city near bankruptcy?

answer: late 1980s

text: late 1980s

question: Where did wealthy residents move?

answer: suburbs

text: suburbs

question: Who replaced the wealthy?

answer: immigrants

text: immigrants


text: DST's clock shifts have the obvious disadvantage of complexity. People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely. People who work across time zone boundaries need to keep track of multiple DST rules, as not all locations observe DST or observe it the same way. The length of the calendar day becomes variable; it is no longer always 24 hours. Disruption to meetings, travel, broadcasts, billing systems, and records management is common, and can be expensive. During an autumn transition from 02:00 to 01:00, a clock reads times from 01:00:00 through 01:59:59 twice, possibly leading to confusion.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: DST

text: 's

text: clock

text: shifts

text: have

text: the

text: obvious

text: disadvantage

text: of

text: complexity

text: People

text: must

text: remember

text: to

text: change

text: their

text: clocks

text: this

text: can

text: be

text: time

text: consuming

text: particularly

text: for

text: mechanical

text: clocks

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: moved

text: backward

text: safely

text: People

text: who

text: work

text: across

text: time

text: zone

text: boundaries

text: need

text: to

text: keep

text: track

text: of

text: multiple

text: DST

text: rules

text: as

text: not

text: all

text: locations

text: observe

text: DST

text: or

text: observe

text: it

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: The

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: calendar

text: day

text: becomes

text: variable

text: it

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: always

text: hours

text: Disruption

text: to

text: meetings

text: travel

text: broadcasts

text: billing

text: systems

text: and

text: records

text: management

text: is

text: common

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: expensive

text: During

text: an

text: autumn

text: transition

text: from

text: to

text: a

text: clock

text: reads

text: times

text: from

text: through

text: twice

text: possibly

text: leading

text: to

text: confusion

question: During the fall time shift from 02:00 to 01:00, how many times will a clock show the times between 01:00:00 and 01:59:59?

answer: twice

text: twice

question: What might a clock showing the same times twice in one day lead to?

answer: confusion

text: confusion

question: What do people often have trouble remembering to do for DST?

answer: change their clocks

text: change their clocks

question: What added complexity do people working across time zones have to keep track of?

answer: multiple DST rules

text: multiple DST rules


text: The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.

title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

text: The

text: racial

text: categories

text: represent

text: a

text: social

text: political

text: construct

text: for

text: the

text: race

text: or

text: races

text: that

text: respondents

text: consider

text: themselves

text: to

text: be

text: and

text: generally

text: reflect

text: a

text: social

text: definition

text: of

text: race

text: recognized

text: in

text: this

text: country

text: OMB

text: defines

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: race

text: as

text: outlined

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: as

text: not

text: scientific

text: or

text: anthropological

text: and

text: takes

text: into

text: account

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: characteristics

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ancestry

text: using

text: appropriate

text: scientific

text: methodologies

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: primarily

text: biological

text: or

text: genetic

text: in

text: reference

text: The

text: race

text: categories

text: include

text: both

text: racial

text: and

text: national

text: origin

text: groups

question: Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census?

answer: OMB

text: OMB

question: What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race?

answer: national-origin

text: national-origin

question: In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census?

answer: ancestry

text: ancestry


text: Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some of the Buddha's meditative techniques were shared with other traditions of his day, but the idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of "transcendent wisdom" (Pali paññā; Skt. prajñā) was original.[web 18]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Religious

text: knowledge

text: or

text: vision

text: was

text: indicated

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: practice

text: both

text: within

text: and

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: fold

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Samaññaphala

text: Sutta

text: this

text: sort

text: of

text: vision

text: arose

text: for

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: adept

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: perfection

text: of

text: meditation

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: perfection

text: of

text: discipline

text: Pali

text: sīla

text: Skt

text: śīla

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: meditative

text: techniques

text: were

text: shared

text: with

text: other

text: traditions

text: of

text: his

text: day

text: but

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: ethics

text: are

text: causally

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: attainment

text: of

text: transcendent

text: wisdom

text: Pali

text: paññā

text: Skt

text: prajñā

text: was

text: original.[web

question: Religious knowledge is also known as what?

answer: vision

text: vision

question: What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day?

answer: meditative

text: meditative

question: There is an idea where ethics are causally related to the attainment of what?

answer: transcendent wisdom

text: transcendent wisdom


text: Around 1300, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it was before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict in the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively these events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Around

text: centuries

text: of

text: prosperity

text: and

text: growth

text: in

text: Europe

text: came

text: to

text: a

text: halt

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: famines

text: and

text: plagues

text: including

text: the

text: Great

text: Famine

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: reduced

text: the

text: population

text: to

text: around

text: half

text: of

text: what

text: it

text: was

text: before

text: the

text: calamities

text: Along

text: with

text: depopulation

text: came

text: social

text: unrest

text: and

text: endemic

text: warfare

text: France

text: and

text: England

text: experienced

text: serious

text: peasant

text: uprisings

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Jacquerie

text: and

text: the

text: Peasants

text: Revolt

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: over

text: a

text: century

text: of

text: intermittent

text: conflict

text: in

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: To

text: add

text: to

text: the

text: many

text: problems

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: unity

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: was

text: shattered

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Schism

text: Collectively

text: these

text: events

text: are

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Crisis

text: of

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

question: What shattered the unity of the Catholic Church?

answer: the Western Schism

text: the Western Schism

question: What are the series of events that ended centuries of prosperity in Europe, starting around 1300, known as?

answer: the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages

text: the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages

question: In what years was the Great Famine?

answer: 1315–1317

question: Which two countries experienced peasant uprisings?

answer: France and England

text: France and England

question: What major conflict occurred in Europe during the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages?

answer: Hundred Years' War

text: Hundred Years' War

question: What saved the unity of the Catholic Church?

text: the Western Schism

question: What are the series of events that ended centuries of prosperity in Europe, starting around 1400, known as?

text: Crisis of the Late Middle Ages

question: In what years wasn't the Great Famine?

question: Which two countries never experienced peasant uprisings?

text: France and England

question: What minor conflict occurred in Europe during the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages?

text: Hundred Years' War


text: There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: methods

text: of

text: corruption

text: of

text: the

text: judiciary

text: the

text: state

text: through

text: budget

text: planning

text: and

text: various

text: privileges

text: and

text: the

text: private

text: Budget

text: of

text: the

text: judiciary

text: in

text: many

text: transitional

text: and

text: developing

text: countries

text: is

text: almost

text: completely

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: The

text: latter

text: undermines

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: powers

text: as

text: it

text: creates

text: a

text: critical

text: financial

text: dependence

text: of

text: the

text: judiciary

text: The

text: proper

text: national

text: wealth

text: distribution

text: including

text: the

text: government

text: spending

text: on

text: the

text: judiciary

text: is

text: subject

text: of

text: the

text: constitutional

text: economics

text: Judicial

text: corruption

text: can

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: completely

text: eradicate

text: even

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

question: How many methods of judiciary corruption are there?

answer: two

text: two

question: What part of the government controls the judiciary budget in many developing countries?

answer: executive

text: executive

question: What does executive branch control over judiciary money undermine?

answer: separation of powers

text: separation of powers

question: What type of corruption is hard to get rid of even in developed countries?

answer: judiciary

text: judiciary


text: Scholar Isabelle Onians asserts that although "the Mahāyāna ... very occasionally referred contemptuously to earlier Buddhism as the Hinayāna, the Inferior Way," "the preponderance of this name in the secondary literature is far out of proportion to occurrences in the Indian texts." She notes that the term Śrāvakayāna was "the more politically correct and much more usual" term used by Mahāyānists. Jonathan Silk has argued that the term "Hinayana" was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion, and did not refer to any definite grouping of Buddhists.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Scholar

text: Isabelle

text: Onians

text: asserts

text: that

text: although

text: the

text: Mahāyāna

text: very

text: occasionally

text: referred

text: contemptuously

text: to

text: earlier

text: Buddhism

text: as

text: the

text: Hinayāna

text: the

text: Inferior

text: Way

text: the

text: preponderance

text: of

text: this

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: secondary

text: literature

text: is

text: far

text: out

text: of

text: proportion

text: to

text: occurrences

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: texts

text: She

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: Śrāvakayāna

text: was

text: the

text: more

text: politically

text: correct

text: and

text: much

text: more

text: usual

text: term

text: used

text: by

text: Mahāyānists

text: Jonathan

text: Silk

text: has

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: Hinayana

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: whomever

text: one

text: wanted

text: to

text: criticize

text: on

text: any

text: given

text: occasion

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: definite

text: grouping

text: of

text: Buddhists

question: The mahayana occasionally referred to early Buddhism as what?

answer: Hinayana

text: Hinayana

question: What term was more politically correct term for the word Hinayana?

answer: Śrāvakayāna

text: Śrāvakayāna


text: Hanover was founded in medieval times on the east bank of the River Leine. Its original name Honovere may mean "high (river)bank", though this is debated (cf. das Hohe Ufer). Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads. As overland travel was relatively difficult, its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river helped it to grow by increasing trade. It was connected to the Hanseatic League city of Bremen by the Leine, and was situated near the southern edge of the wide North German Plain and north-west of the Harz mountains, so that east-west traffic such as mule trains passed through it. Hanover was thus a gateway to the Rhine, Ruhr and Saar river valleys, their industrial areas which grew up to the southwest and the plains regions to the east and north, for overland traffic skirting the Harz between the Low Countries and Saxony or Thuringia.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: Hanover

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: medieval

text: times

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Leine

text: Its

text: original

text: name

text: Honovere

text: may

text: mean

text: high

text: river)bank

text: though

text: this

text: is

text: debated

text: cf

text: das

text: Hohe

text: Ufer

text: Hanover

text: was

text: a

text: small

text: village

text: of

text: ferrymen

text: and

text: fishermen

text: that

text: became

text: a

text: comparatively

text: large

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: position

text: at

text: a

text: natural

text: crossroads

text: As

text: overland

text: travel

text: was

text: relatively

text: difficult

text: its

text: position

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: navigable

text: reaches

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: helped

text: it

text: to

text: grow

text: by

text: increasing

text: trade

text: It

text: was

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Hanseatic

text: League

text: city

text: of

text: Bremen

text: by

text: the

text: Leine

text: and

text: was

text: situated

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: wide

text: North

text: German

text: Plain

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Harz

text: mountains

text: so

text: that

text: east

text: west

text: traffic

text: such

text: as

text: mule

text: trains

text: passed

text: through

text: it

text: Hanover

text: was

text: thus

text: a

text: gateway

text: to

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: and

text: Saar

text: river

text: valleys

text: their

text: industrial

text: areas

text: which

text: grew

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: plains

text: regions

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: for

text: overland

text: traffic

text: skirting

text: the

text: Harz

text: between

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: and

text: Saxony

text: or

text: Thuringia

question: Where was Hanover originally founded?

answer: east bank of the River Leine

text: east bank of the River Leine

question: What did Hanover possibly originally mean?

answer: "high (river)bank"

text: "high (river)bank"

question: When did Hanover become a comparitvely large town?

answer: 13th century

text: 13th century

question: Which city was Hanover connected to by the Leine?

answer: Hanseatic League city of Bremen

text: Hanseatic League city of Bremen

question: What is one example of traffic that passed through Hanover?

answer: mule trains

text: mule trains

question: What city was found on the west bank of the river Leine?

text: Hanover

question: Until when was hand over a comparatively large town?

text: 13th century

question: What was the original name of Hanover meaning low riverbank?

text: Honovere

question: Hanover was near the northern edge of what?

text: North German Plain

question: What mountain was Hanover North East of?

text: Harz mountains


text: In 821/822 CE Tibet and China signed a peace treaty. A bilingual account of this treaty, including details of the borders between the two countries, is inscribed on a stone pillar which stands outside the Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Tibet continued as a Central Asian empire until the mid-9th century, when a civil war over succession led to the collapse of imperial Tibet. The period that followed is known traditionally as the Era of Fragmentation, when political control over Tibet became divided between regional warlords and tribes with no dominant centralized authority.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: In

text: CE

text: Tibet

text: and

text: China

text: signed

text: a

text: peace

text: treaty

text: A

text: bilingual

text: account

text: of

text: this

text: treaty

text: including

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: borders

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: is

text: inscribed

text: on

text: a

text: stone

text: pillar

text: which

text: stands

text: outside

text: the

text: Jokhang

text: temple

text: in

text: Lhasa

text: Tibet

text: continued

text: as

text: a

text: Central

text: Asian

text: empire

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: over

text: succession

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: imperial

text: Tibet

text: The

text: period

text: that

text: followed

text: is

text: known

text: traditionally

text: as

text: the

text: Era

text: of

text: Fragmentation

text: when

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: Tibet

text: became

text: divided

text: between

text: regional

text: warlords

text: and

text: tribes

text: with

text: no

text: dominant

text: centralized

text: authority

question: When did Tibet and China sign a peace treaty?

answer: 821/822 CE

text: 821/822 CE

question: Where does a bilingual account of Tibet and China's peace treaty exist?

answer: Jokhang temple in Lhasa

text: Jokhang temple in Lhasa

question: When did a civil war over succession lead to the collapse of imperial Tibet?

answer: mid-9th century

text: mid-9th century

question: What followed the collapse of imperial Tibet?

answer: Era of Fragmentation

text: Era of Fragmentation

question: What was divided between warlords and tribes with no dominant centralized authority?

answer: political control over Tibet

text: political control over Tibet

question: Who signed a peace treaty in 812/822 CE?

text: Tibet and China

question: What stands outside the Lhasa temple in Jokhang?

text: a stone pillar

question: What did a civil war in the mid-8th century lead to?

text: collapse of imperial Tibet.

question: What did the Era of Succession follow?

text: a civil war


text: Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions).

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

text: Members

text: of

text: all

text: classes

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: are

text: assigned

text: positions

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: precedence

text: Wives

text: of

text: male

text: members

text: of

text: all

text: classes

text: also

text: feature

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: precedence

text: as

text: do

text: sons

text: daughters

text: and

text: daughters

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: Knights

text: Grand

text: Cross

text: and

text: Knights

text: Commander

text: relatives

text: of

text: Ladies

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: however

text: are

text: not

text: assigned

text: any

text: special

text: precedence

text: As

text: a

text: general

text: rule

text: individuals

text: can

text: derive

text: precedence

text: from

text: their

text: fathers

text: or

text: husbands

text: but

text: not

text: from

text: their

text: mothers

text: or

text: wives

text: see

text: order

text: of

text: precedence

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: for

text: the

text: exact

text: positions

question: What are the Members of classes of the Order assigned to?

answer: positions in the order of precedence

text: positions in the order of precedence

question: Who of the male members feature on the order?

answer: Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law

text: Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law

question: Who are not assigned any special precedence?

answer: relatives of Ladies of the Order

text: relatives of Ladies of the Order

question: Who can individuals derive precedence from?

answer: fathers or husbands

text: fathers or husbands

question: Who can individuals can not derive precedence from?

answer: mothers or wives

text: mothers or wives


text: The Pocitos district, near the beach of the same name, has many homes built by Bello and Reboratti between 1920 and 1940, with a mixture of styles. Other landmarks in Pocitos are the "Edificio Panamericano" designed by Raul Sichero, and the "Positano" and "El Pilar" designed by Adolfo Sommer Smith and Luis García Pardo in the 1950s and 1960s. However, the construction boom of the 1970s and 1980s transformed the face of this neighbourhood, with a cluster of modern apartment buildings for upper and upper middle class residents.[citation needed]

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: Pocitos

text: district

text: near

text: the

text: beach

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: has

text: many

text: homes

text: built

text: by

text: Bello

text: and

text: Reboratti

text: between

text: and

text: with

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: styles

text: Other

text: landmarks

text: in

text: Pocitos

text: are

text: the

text: Edificio

text: Panamericano

text: designed

text: by

text: Raul

text: Sichero

text: and

text: the

text: Positano

text: and

text: El

text: Pilar

text: designed

text: by

text: Adolfo

text: Sommer

text: Smith

text: and

text: Luis

text: García

text: Pardo

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: However

text: the

text: construction

text: boom

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: transformed

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: this

text: neighbourhood

text: with

text: a

text: cluster

text: of

text: modern

text: apartment

text: buildings

text: for

text: upper

text: and

text: upper

text: middle

text: class

text: residents.[citation

text: needed

question: What district has many homes built by Bello and reboratti?

answer: Pocitos

text: Pocitos

question: Between what years did Bello and Reboratti built most of the homes in the Pocitos district?

answer: 1920 and 1940

text: 1920 and 1940

question: Who designed the Edificio Panamericano?

answer: Raul Sichero

text: Raul Sichero

question: What types of apartment buildings were constructed during the boom of the 1970's and 1980's?

answer: modern apartment buildings

text: modern apartment buildings


text: Lighting is classified by intended use as general, accent, or task lighting, depending largely on the distribution of the light produced by the fixture.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Lighting

text: is

text: classified

text: by

text: intended

text: use

text: as

text: general

text: accent

text: or

text: task

text: lighting

text: depending

text: largely

text: on

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: fixture

question: A light is classified by intended purpose, what mainly changes its classification?

answer: light produced by the fixture.

text: light produced by the fixture.


text: The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code. There is also one autonomous region, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao. Over the years various modifications have been proposed to the Constitution of the Philippines, including possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system. In 2004, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo established the Consultative Commission which suggested such a Charter Change but no action was taken by the Philippine Congress to amend the 1987 Constitution.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: The

text: Philippines

text: is

text: a

text: unitary

text: state

text: with

text: some

text: powers

text: devolved

text: to

text: Local

text: Government

text: Units

text: LGUs

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Local

text: Government

text: Code

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: autonomous

text: region

text: the

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: of

text: Muslim

text: Mindanao

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: various

text: modifications

text: have

text: been

text: proposed

text: to

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: including

text: possible

text: transition

text: to

text: a

text: federal

text: system

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: shift

text: to

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: system

text: In

text: Philippine

text: President

text: Gloria

text: Macapagal

text: Arroyo

text: established

text: the

text: Consultative

text: Commission

text: which

text: suggested

text: such

text: a

text: Charter

text: Change

text: but

text: no

text: action

text: was

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Congress

text: to

text: amend

text: the

text: Constitution

question: What type of state is the Philippines?

answer: unitary state

text: unitary state

question: What types of powers does the Philippines have?

answer: some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code

text: some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code

question: What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution?

answer: possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system.

text: possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system.

question: What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo establish?

answer: the Consultative Commission

text: the Consultative Commission

question: What type of state isn't the Philippines?

text: unitary state

question: What types of powers does the Philippines give up?

question: What type of modifications have been removed from the Philippines Constitution?

question: What type of songs have been added to the Philippines Constitution?

question: What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo desolve?

text: the Consultative Commission


text: Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: entered

text: an

text: intricate

text: trade

text: pact

text: on

text: February

text: that

text: was

text: over

text: four

text: times

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: one

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: had

text: signed

text: in

text: August

text: The

text: trade

text: pact

text: helped

text: Germany

text: to

text: surmount

text: a

text: British

text: blockade

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: Germany

text: received

text: one

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: cereals

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: wheat

text: tons

text: of

text: oil

text: tons

text: of

text: cotton

text: tons

text: of

text: phosphates

text: and

text: considerable

text: amounts

text: of

text: other

text: vital

text: raw

text: materials

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: transit

text: of

text: one

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: soybeans

text: from

text: Manchuria.[citation

text: needed

text: These

text: and

text: other

text: supplies

text: were

text: being

text: transported

text: through

text: Soviet

text: and

text: occupied

text: Polish

text: territories

text: The

text: Soviets

text: were

text: to

text: receive

text: a

text: naval

text: cruiser

text: the

text: plans

text: to

text: the

text: battleship

text: Bismarck

text: heavy

text: naval

text: guns

text: other

text: naval

text: gear

text: and

text: thirty

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: latest

text: warplanes

text: including

text: the

text: and

text: fighters

text: and

text: bomber

text: The

text: Soviets

text: would

text: also

text: receive

text: oil

text: and

text: electric

text: equipment

text: locomotives

text: turbines

text: generators

text: diesel

text: engines

text: ships

text: machine

text: tools

text: and

text: samples

text: of

text: German

text: artillery

text: tanks

text: explosives

text: chemical

text: warfare

text: equipment

text: and

text: other

text: items

question: How much more expansive was the newest trade agreement?

answer: was over four times larger

text: was over four times larger

question: What was the trade route between german and the soviet union?

answer: occupied Polish territories

text: occupied Polish territories

question: Where were the soybeans coming from?

answer: Manchuria

text: Manchuria

question: What famous ship was the soviet union getting the plans for?

answer: the battleship Bismarck

text: the battleship Bismarck

question: How many new airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement?

answer: thirty

text: thirty

question: How much more expansive was the oldest trade agreement?

text: over four times larger

question: What wasn't the trade route between german and the soviet union?

text: occupied Polish territories

question: Where weren't the soybeans coming from?

text: Manchuria

question: What unknown ship was the soviet union getting the plans for?

text: the battleship Bismarck

question: How many old airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement?

text: thirty


text: Liquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government in 98 BC. However, this was repealed in 81 BC and a property tax rate of two coins for every 0.2 L (0.05 gallons) was levied for those who traded it privately. By 110 BC Emperor Wu also interfered with the profitable trade in grain when he eliminated speculation by selling government-stored grain at a lower price than demanded by merchants. Apart from Emperor Ming's creation of a short-lived Office for Price Adjustment and Stabilization, which was abolished in 68 AD, central-government price control regulations were largely absent during the Eastern Han.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Liquor

text: was

text: another

text: profitable

text: private

text: industry

text: nationalized

text: by

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: in

text: BC

text: However

text: this

text: was

text: repealed

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: a

text: property

text: tax

text: rate

text: of

text: two

text: coins

text: for

text: every

text: L

text: gallons

text: was

text: levied

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: traded

text: it

text: privately

text: By

text: BC

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: also

text: interfered

text: with

text: the

text: profitable

text: trade

text: in

text: grain

text: when

text: he

text: eliminated

text: speculation

text: by

text: selling

text: government

text: stored

text: grain

text: at

text: a

text: lower

text: price

text: than

text: demanded

text: by

text: merchants

text: Apart

text: from

text: Emperor

text: Ming

text: 's

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: Office

text: for

text: Price

text: Adjustment

text: and

text: Stabilization

text: which

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: AD

text: central

text: government

text: price

text: control

text: regulations

text: were

text: largely

text: absent

text: during

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Han

question: What industry was monopolized by the government in 98 BC?

answer: Liquor

text: Liquor

question: In what year did the liquor industry once again become privatized?

answer: 81 BC

text: 81 BC

question: What was mostly missing during the Eastern Han?

answer: price control regulations

text: price control regulations

question: What did Emperor Wu sell that offended the merchants?

answer: grain

text: grain

question: What office did Emperor Ming create?

answer: Office for Price Adjustment and Stabilization

text: Office for Price Adjustment and Stabilization


text: A servo system differs from some stepper motor applications in that the position feedback is continuous while the motor is running; a stepper system relies on the motor not to "miss steps" for short term accuracy, although a stepper system may include a "home" switch or other element to provide long-term stability of control. For instance, when a typical dot matrix computer printer starts up, its controller makes the print head stepper motor drive to its left-hand limit, where a position sensor defines home position and stops stepping. As long as power is on, a bidirectional counter in the printer's microprocessor keeps track of print-head position.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: A

text: servo

text: system

text: differs

text: from

text: some

text: stepper

text: motor

text: applications

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: position

text: feedback

text: is

text: continuous

text: while

text: the

text: motor

text: is

text: running

text: a

text: stepper

text: system

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: motor

text: not

text: to

text: miss

text: steps

text: for

text: short

text: term

text: accuracy

text: although

text: a

text: stepper

text: system

text: may

text: include

text: a

text: home

text: switch

text: or

text: other

text: element

text: to

text: provide

text: long

text: term

text: stability

text: of

text: control

text: For

text: instance

text: when

text: a

text: typical

text: dot

text: matrix

text: computer

text: printer

text: starts

text: up

text: its

text: controller

text: makes

text: the

text: print

text: head

text: stepper

text: motor

text: drive

text: to

text: its

text: left

text: hand

text: limit

text: where

text: a

text: position

text: sensor

text: defines

text: home

text: position

text: and

text: stops

text: stepping

text: As

text: long

text: as

text: power

text: is

text: on

text: a

text: bidirectional

text: counter

text: in

text: the

text: printer

text: 's

text: microprocessor

text: keeps

text: track

text: of

text: print

text: head

text: position

question: How do servo motors differ from stepper motors?

answer: position feedback is continuous

text: position feedback is continuous

question: How does a stepper system achieve stability?

answer: a "home" switch

text: a "home" switch

question: What makes a printer home switch work?

answer: position sensor

text: position sensor

question: What kind of counter keeps track of a print head's position?

answer: bidirectional

text: bidirectional

question: A stepper system's motor is relied on to not do what?

answer: miss steps

text: miss steps

question: How are servo motors the same as stepper motors?

text: position feedback is continuous

question: How does a stepper system not achieve stability?

text: a "home" switch

question: What makes a printer home switch break?

text: position sensor

question: What kind of counter keeps track of a print foot's position?

text: bidirectional

question: A stepper system's motor is unrelied on to not do what?

text: miss steps


text: The system was originally targeted for release in the spring of 1985, but the release date was pushed back. After test-marketing in the New York City area in late fall, retailers had reportedly stated the system "failed miserably".[contradictory] While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test in New York last fall Due to the moderate success launch in New York City, Nintendo tried a second time; the system was test-marketed further beginning in February 1986, with the nationwide release occurring in September 1986.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: originally

text: targeted

text: for

text: release

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: but

text: the

text: release

text: date

text: was

text: pushed

text: back

text: After

text: test

text: marketing

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: area

text: in

text: late

text: fall

text: retailers

text: had

text: reportedly

text: stated

text: the

text: system

text: failed

text: miserably".[contradictory

text: While

text: others

text: stated

text: that

text: Nintendo

text: had

text: an

text: excellent

text: nine

text: week

text: market

text: test

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: last

text: fall

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: moderate

text: success

text: launch

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Nintendo

text: tried

text: a

text: second

text: time

text: the

text: system

text: was

text: test

text: marketed

text: further

text: beginning

text: in

text: February

text: with

text: the

text: nationwide

text: release

text: occurring

text: in

text: September

question: When was the system originally supposed to be released?

answer: spring of 1985

text: spring of 1985

question: Retailers in what test area reported a miserable failure of sales?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: When was the second time Nintendo test marketed the NES?

answer: February 1986

text: February 1986

question: When was the nationwide release of the NES?

answer: September 1986

text: September 1986

question: When was the system originally not supposed to be released?

text: spring of 1985

question: Retailers in what test area reported a success of sales?

text: New York City

question: When was the first time Nintendo test marketed the NES?

text: February 1986

question: When was the non-nationwide release of the NES?

text: September 1986


text: King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for a short time in 1950 when it was temporarily stolen by Scottish nationalists), the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scots are crowned. Although the Stone is now kept in Scotland, in Edinburgh Castle, at future coronations it is intended that the Stone will be returned to St Edward's Chair for use during the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: King

text: Edward

text: 's

text: Chair

text: or

text: St

text: Edward

text: 's

text: Chair

text: the

text: throne

text: on

text: which

text: English

text: and

text: British

text: sovereigns

text: have

text: been

text: seated

text: at

text: the

text: moment

text: of

text: coronation

text: is

text: housed

text: within

text: the

text: abbey

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: at

text: every

text: coronation

text: since

text: From

text: to

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: temporarily

text: stolen

text: by

text: Scottish

text: nationalists

text: the

text: chair

text: also

text: housed

text: the

text: Stone

text: of

text: Scone

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Scots

text: are

text: crowned

text: Although

text: the

text: Stone

text: is

text: now

text: kept

text: in

text: Scotland

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: Castle

text: at

text: future

text: coronations

text: it

text: is

text: intended

text: that

text: the

text: Stone

text: will

text: be

text: returned

text: to

text: St

text: Edward

text: 's

text: Chair

text: for

text: use

text: during

text: the

text: coronation

text: ceremony.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the name of the throne used for coronation?

answer: King Edward's Chair

text: King Edward's Chair

question: What is another name for King Edward's Chair?

answer: St Edward's Chair

text: St Edward's Chair

question: Upon what are kings of Scots coronated?

answer: the Stone of Scone

text: the Stone of Scone

question: Who had stolen the Stone of Scone?

answer: Scottish nationalists

text: Scottish nationalists

question: What is the name of the throne unused for coronation?

text: King Edward's Chair

question: What isn't another name for King Edward's Chair?

text: St Edward's Chair

question: Upon what are kings of Wales coronated?

text: Stone of Scone

question: Who had stolen the Stone of Stone?

text: Scottish nationalists

question: Who had protected the Stone of Scone?

text: Scottish nationalists


text: In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial extension. His experimental proof of the intromission model of vision led to changes in the understanding of the visual perception of space, contrary to the previous emission theory of vision supported by Euclid and Ptolemy. In "tying the visual perception of space to prior bodily experience, Alhacen unequivocally rejected the intuitiveness of spatial perception and, therefore, the autonomy of vision. Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things."

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: Muslim

text: physicist

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: Alhacen

text: or

text: Alhazen

text: discussed

text: space

text: perception

text: and

text: its

text: epistemological

text: implications

text: in

text: his

text: Book

text: of

text: Optics

text: he

text: also

text: rejected

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: definition

text: of

text: topos

text: Physics

text: IV

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: geometric

text: demonstrations

text: and

text: defined

text: place

text: as

text: a

text: mathematical

text: spatial

text: extension

text: His

text: experimental

text: proof

text: of

text: the

text: intromission

text: model

text: of

text: vision

text: led

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: visual

text: perception

text: of

text: space

text: contrary

text: to

text: the

text: previous

text: emission

text: theory

text: of

text: vision

text: supported

text: by

text: Euclid

text: and

text: Ptolemy

text: In

text: tying

text: the

text: visual

text: perception

text: of

text: space

text: to

text: prior

text: bodily

text: experience

text: Alhacen

text: unequivocally

text: rejected

text: the

text: intuitiveness

text: of

text: spatial

text: perception

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: autonomy

text: of

text: vision

text: Without

text: tangible

text: notions

text: of

text: distance

text: and

text: size

text: for

text: correlation

text: sight

text: can

text: tell

text: us

text: next

text: to

text: nothing

text: about

text: such

text: things

question: Which 11th century Muslim physicist discussed space perception and its epistemological implications?

answer: al-Haytham

text: al-Haytham

question: Which 11th century book discussed space perception and its epistemological implications?

answer: Book of Optics

text: Book of Optics

question: Whose definition of topos did Alhazen reject?

answer: Aristotle's

text: Aristotle's

question: Alhazen's  experimental proof of the intromission model of vision led to the change of understanding of what?

answer: Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things

text: Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things

question: Alhazen stated that without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us what about spatial perception?

answer: next to nothing

text: next to nothing

question: Who discussed space perceptions in the 1100's?

text: Ibn al-Haytham

question: What book was written in the the 11th century about time?

text: Book of Optics

question: Who disputed al-Haytham's definition of topos?

text: Aristotle

question: What did Euclid and Ptolemy tie the visual perception of space to?

text: prior bodily experience

question: Who said vision is autonomious?

text: Alhacen


text: In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes. A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others. The understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms, such as "world realm", between the various schools of Buddhism.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: In

text: addition

text: Mahayana

text: Buddhists

text: believe

text: there

text: are

text: innumerable

text: other

text: Buddhas

text: in

text: other

text: universes

text: A

text: Theravada

text: commentary

text: says

text: that

text: Buddhas

text: arise

text: one

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: in

text: this

text: world

text: element

text: and

text: not

text: at

text: all

text: in

text: others

text: The

text: understandings

text: of

text: this

text: matter

text: reflect

text: widely

text: differing

text: interpretations

text: of

text: basic

text: terms

text: such

text: as

text: world

text: realm

text: between

text: the

text: various

text: schools

text: of

text: Buddhism

question: Who believes there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes?

answer: Mahayana Buddhists

text: Mahayana Buddhists

question: What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras?

answer: Theravada

text: Theravada


text: The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, rather than an inert gas. The halogen cycle increases the lifetime of the bulb and prevents its darkening by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament. The halogen lamp can operate its filament at a higher temperature than a standard gas filled lamp of similar power without loss of operating life. Such bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs, and are widely used where intense illumination is needed in a limited space. Fiber-optic lamps for optical microscopy is one typical application.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: The

text: halogen

text: lamp

text: reduces

text: uneven

text: evaporation

text: of

text: the

text: filament

text: and

text: eliminates

text: darkening

text: of

text: the

text: envelope

text: by

text: filling

text: the

text: lamp

text: with

text: a

text: halogen

text: gas

text: at

text: low

text: pressure

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: inert

text: gas

text: The

text: halogen

text: cycle

text: increases

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: the

text: bulb

text: and

text: prevents

text: its

text: darkening

text: by

text: redepositing

text: tungsten

text: from

text: the

text: inside

text: of

text: the

text: bulb

text: back

text: onto

text: the

text: filament

text: The

text: halogen

text: lamp

text: can

text: operate

text: its

text: filament

text: at

text: a

text: higher

text: temperature

text: than

text: a

text: standard

text: gas

text: filled

text: lamp

text: of

text: similar

text: power

text: without

text: loss

text: of

text: operating

text: life

text: Such

text: bulbs

text: are

text: much

text: smaller

text: than

text: normal

text: incandescent

text: bulbs

text: and

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: where

text: intense

text: illumination

text: is

text: needed

text: in

text: a

text: limited

text: space

text: Fiber

text: optic

text: lamps

text: for

text: optical

text: microscopy

text: is

text: one

text: typical

text: application

question: Does the halogen bulp increase, reduce, or have no effect on filament evaporation?

answer: reduces

text: reduces

question: How does the halogen bulb decrease darkening over time?

answer: by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament

text: by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament

question: Does a halogen bulb operate at a higher or lower temperature than an incandescent?

answer: higher

text: higher

question: How does the size of a halogen bulb compare to an incandescent?

answer: bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs

text: bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs

question: What is the most common situation when a halogen bulb is used?

answer: where intense illumination is needed in a limited space

text: where intense illumination is needed in a limited space

question: What type of bulb increases uneven evaporation?

text: halogen lamp

question: How does the halogen bulb increase darkening over time?

question: What type of light can operate at a lower temperature than a standard gas filled lamp?

text: halogen

question: What type of bulbs are much larger than normal incandescent bulbs?

text: halogen

question: Where are halogen bulbs not widely used?


text: Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than those of their husbands; 30 (33.7%) were with women of surrounding clans of other clan families (Isaaq, 28; Hawiye, 3); and 3 (4.3%) were with women of other clans of the Darod clan family (Majerteen 2, Ogaden 1).

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: society

text: is

text: traditionally

text: ethnically

text: endogamous

text: So

text: to

text: extend

text: ties

text: of

text: alliance

text: marriage

text: is

text: often

text: to

text: another

text: ethnic

text: Somali

text: from

text: a

text: different

text: clan

text: Thus

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: recent

text: study

text: observed

text: that

text: in

text: marriages

text: contracted

text: by

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: Dhulbahante

text: clan

text: were

text: with

text: women

text: of

text: Dhulbahante

text: sub

text: clans

text: other

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: their

text: husbands

text: were

text: with

text: women

text: of

text: surrounding

text: clans

text: of

text: other

text: clan

text: families

text: Isaaq

text: Hawiye

text: and

text: were

text: with

text: women

text: of

text: other

text: clans

text: of

text: the

text: Darod

text: clan

text: family

text: Majerteen

text: Ogaden

question: What practice is often used to bind different clans together?

answer: marriage

text: marriage

question: According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan?

answer: 3

question: According to a recent study, how many Dhulbahante men married women of a different Dhulbahante sub-clan?

answer: 55

question: To what clan family do the Ogaden belong?

answer: Darod

text: Darod

question: What percentage of Dhulbahante men married women of the Majerteen or Ogaden?

answer: 4.3%


text: Three Germanic dialects were originally spoken in the Low Countries: Frisian in the north and along the western coast; Saxon in the east (contiguous with the Low German area); and Franconian in the centre and south. It is the Franconian dialects that is designated as Old Dutch, and that would develop in Middle Dutch and later Modern Dutch. The division in these development phases is mostly conventional, since the transition between them was very gradual. One of the few moments linguists can detect somewhat of a revolution is when the Dutch standard language emerged and quickly established itself. The development of the Dutch language is illustrated by the following sentence in Old, Middle and Modern Dutch:

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Three

text: Germanic

text: dialects

text: were

text: originally

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: Frisian

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: Saxon

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: contiguous

text: with

text: the

text: Low

text: German

text: area

text: and

text: Franconian

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: Franconian

text: dialects

text: that

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: and

text: that

text: would

text: develop

text: in

text: Middle

text: Dutch

text: and

text: later

text: Modern

text: Dutch

text: The

text: division

text: in

text: these

text: development

text: phases

text: is

text: mostly

text: conventional

text: since

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: them

text: was

text: very

text: gradual

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: moments

text: linguists

text: can

text: detect

text: somewhat

text: of

text: a

text: revolution

text: is

text: when

text: the

text: Dutch

text: standard

text: language

text: emerged

text: and

text: quickly

text: established

text: itself

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: language

text: is

text: illustrated

text: by

text: the

text: following

text: sentence

text: in

text: Old

text: Middle

text: and

text: Modern

text: Dutch

question: How many different versions of a Germanic language were spoken in the Low Countries?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the eastern region?

answer: Saxon

text: Saxon

question: Which dialects are referred to as "Old Dutch"?

answer: Franconian

text: Franconian

question: Was the transition from Old Dutch to Modern Dutch gradual, or did it happen quickly?

answer: gradual

text: gradual

question: Which Germanic dialect was spoken in the north and west of the Low Countries?

answer: Frisian

text: Frisian


text: All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate. Hole and burrow nesting species tend to lay white or pale eggs, while open nesters lay camouflaged eggs. There are many exceptions to this pattern, however; the ground-nesting nightjars have pale eggs, and camouflage is instead provided by their plumage. Species that are victims of brood parasites have varying egg colours to improve the chances of spotting a parasite's egg, which forces female parasites to match their eggs to those of their hosts.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: All

text: birds

text: lay

text: amniotic

text: eggs

text: with

text: hard

text: shells

text: made

text: mostly

text: of

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: Hole

text: and

text: burrow

text: nesting

text: species

text: tend

text: to

text: lay

text: white

text: or

text: pale

text: eggs

text: while

text: open

text: nesters

text: lay

text: camouflaged

text: eggs

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: exceptions

text: to

text: this

text: pattern

text: however

text: the

text: ground

text: nesting

text: nightjars

text: have

text: pale

text: eggs

text: and

text: camouflage

text: is

text: instead

text: provided

text: by

text: their

text: plumage

text: Species

text: that

text: are

text: victims

text: of

text: brood

text: parasites

text: have

text: varying

text: egg

text: colours

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: chances

text: of

text: spotting

text: a

text: parasite

text: 's

text: egg

text: which

text: forces

text: female

text: parasites

text: to

text: match

text: their

text: eggs

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: their

text: hosts

question: What kind of eggs to all birds lay?

answer: amniotic eggs

text: amniotic eggs

question: All birds lay eggs with hard shells made mostly out of what?

answer: calcium carbonate

text: calcium carbonate

question: What kind of eggs do open nesters lay?

answer: camouflaged eggs

text: camouflaged eggs

question: What type of birds lay white or pale eggs?

answer: Hole and burrow nesting species

text: Hole and burrow nesting species


text: Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "sedition". Both Umm Kulthum and Abdel Halim Hafez, the leading Arab singers of the era, performed songs praising Nasser's nationalism. Others produced plays denigrating his political opponents. According to his associates, Nasser orchestrated the campaign himself. Arab nationalist terms such "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation" frequently began appearing in his speeches in 1954–55, whereas prior he would refer to the Arab "peoples" or the "Arab region". In January 1955, the RCC appointed him as their president, pending national elections.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: street

text: following

text: was

text: still

text: too

text: small

text: to

text: sustain

text: his

text: plans

text: for

text: reform

text: and

text: to

text: secure

text: him

text: in

text: office

text: To

text: promote

text: himself

text: and

text: the

text: Liberation

text: Rally

text: he

text: gave

text: speeches

text: in

text: a

text: cross

text: country

text: tour

text: and

text: imposed

text: controls

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: press

text: by

text: decreeing

text: that

text: all

text: publications

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: party

text: to

text: prevent

text: sedition

text: Both

text: Umm

text: Kulthum

text: and

text: Abdel

text: Halim

text: Hafez

text: the

text: leading

text: Arab

text: singers

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: performed

text: songs

text: praising

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: nationalism

text: Others

text: produced

text: plays

text: denigrating

text: his

text: political

text: opponents

text: According

text: to

text: his

text: associates

text: Nasser

text: orchestrated

text: the

text: campaign

text: himself

text: Arab

text: nationalist

text: terms

text: such

text: Arab

text: homeland

text: and

text: Arab

text: nation

text: frequently

text: began

text: appearing

text: in

text: his

text: speeches

text: in

text: whereas

text: prior

text: he

text: would

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Arab

text: peoples

text: or

text: the

text: Arab

text: region

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: RCC

text: appointed

text: him

text: as

text: their

text: president

text: pending

text: national

text: elections

question: What was too small to keep Nasser in power?

answer: street following

text: street following

question: What institution did Nasser closely control to prevent sedition?

answer: press

text: press

question: Who were Umm Kulthum and Abdel Hafez?

answer: singers

text: singers

question: What phrases did Nasser use in many of his speeches?

answer: "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation"

text: "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation"

question: In what year did the RCC appoint Nasser as president?

answer: 1955


text: Among Peirce's major contributions was to place inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning in a complementary rather than competitive mode, the latter of which had been the primary trend among the educated since David Hume wrote a century before. To this, Peirce added the concept of abductive reasoning. The combined three forms of reasoning serve as a primary conceptual foundation for the empirically based scientific method today. Peirce's approach "presupposes that (1) the objects of knowledge are real things, (2) the characters (properties) of real things do not depend on our perceptions of them, and (3) everyone who has sufficient experience of real things will agree on the truth about them. According to Peirce's doctrine of fallibilism, the conclusions of science are always tentative. The rationality of the scientific method does not depend on the certainty of its conclusions, but on its self-corrective character: by continued application of the method science can detect and correct its own mistakes, and thus eventually lead to the discovery of truth".

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: Among

text: Peirce

text: 's

text: major

text: contributions

text: was

text: to

text: place

text: inductive

text: reasoning

text: and

text: deductive

text: reasoning

text: in

text: a

text: complementary

text: rather

text: than

text: competitive

text: mode

text: the

text: latter

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: primary

text: trend

text: among

text: the

text: educated

text: since

text: David

text: Hume

text: wrote

text: a

text: century

text: before

text: To

text: this

text: Peirce

text: added

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: abductive

text: reasoning

text: The

text: combined

text: three

text: forms

text: of

text: reasoning

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: primary

text: conceptual

text: foundation

text: for

text: the

text: empirically

text: based

text: scientific

text: method

text: today

text: Peirce

text: 's

text: approach

text: presupposes

text: that

text: the

text: objects

text: of

text: knowledge

text: are

text: real

text: things

text: the

text: characters

text: properties

text: of

text: real

text: things

text: do

text: not

text: depend

text: on

text: our

text: perceptions

text: of

text: them

text: and

text: everyone

text: who

text: has

text: sufficient

text: experience

text: of

text: real

text: things

text: will

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: truth

text: about

text: them

text: According

text: to

text: Peirce

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: of

text: fallibilism

text: the

text: conclusions

text: of

text: science

text: are

text: always

text: tentative

text: The

text: rationality

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: method

text: does

text: not

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: certainty

text: of

text: its

text: conclusions

text: but

text: on

text: its

text: self

text: corrective

text: character

text: by

text: continued

text: application

text: of

text: the

text: method

text: science

text: can

text: detect

text: and

text: correct

text: its

text: own

text: mistakes

text: and

text: thus

text: eventually

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: truth

question: How long before Peirce did Hume write?

answer: a century

text: a century

question: How did Peirce view inductive vs deductive reasoning?

answer: complementary

text: complementary

question: How did Hume view inductive vs deductive reasoning?

answer: competitive

text: competitive

question: What did fallibilism say?

answer: the conclusions of science are always tentative

text: the conclusions of science are always tentative

question: What does the scientific method's rationality depend on?

answer: its self-corrective character

text: its self-corrective character

question: When was abductive reasoning added?

text: a century before

question: When was the doctrine of fallibilism published?

text: a century before

question: Who said the doctrines of science are always definitive?

text: Peirce

question: Why does the scientific method rely on its certainty?