text: The climate of Cork, like the rest of Ireland, is mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Cork lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b. Met Éireann maintains a climatological weather station at Cork Airport, a few kilometres south of the city. It should be noted that the airport is at an altitude of 151 metres (495 ft) and temperatures can often differ by a few degrees between the airport and the city itself. There are also smaller synoptic weather stations at UCC and Clover Hill.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: Cork

text: like

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: mild

text: and

text: changeable

text: with

text: abundant

text: rainfall

text: and

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: temperature

text: extremes

text: Cork

text: lies

text: in

text: plant

text: Hardiness

text: zone

text: Met

text: Éireann

text: maintains

text: a

text: climatological

text: weather

text: station

text: at

text: Cork

text: Airport

text: a

text: few

text: kilometres

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: airport

text: is

text: at

text: an

text: altitude

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: and

text: temperatures

text: can

text: often

text: differ

text: by

text: a

text: few

text: degrees

text: between

text: the

text: airport

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: itself

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: smaller

text: synoptic

text: weather

text: stations

text: at

text: UCC

text: and

text: Clover

text: Hill

question: What is the weather like in Cork?

answer: mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes

text: mild and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes

question: Who keeps a weather station in Cork?

answer: Met Éireann

text: Met Éireann

question: Why can temperatures differ so much between the city of Cork and the weather station maintained at the airport?

answer: the airport is at an altitude of 151 metres (495 ft)

text: the airport is at an altitude of 151 metres (495 ft)

question: Where are some weather stations near Cork?

answer: UCC and Clover Hill

text: UCC and Clover Hill

question: If you are going to farm in Cork, what should you be aware of?

answer: lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b

text: lies in plant Hardiness zone 9b

question: How is the rest of Ireland climate different than Cork's?

question: Who maintains a weather station in the city of Cork?

text: Met Éireann

question: What is at an altitude of 495 meters?

text: Cork Airport,

question: Where is the larger synoptic weather station located?

text: UCC and Clover Hill

question: In what zone does Clover Hill lie?

text: plant Hardiness zone 9b

question: What does Met Eireann maintain at Clover Hill?

text: a climatological weather station

question: Where is UCC located?

text: a few kilometres south of the city

question: By how much does the temperature differ at UCC compared to Clover Hill?

text: by a few degrees

question: What altitude is Clover Hill located at?

text: 151 metres (495 ft)


text: The junction forward voltage is the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT in order to make the base conduct a specified current. The current increases exponentially as the junction forward voltage is increased. The values given in the table are typical for a current of 1 mA (the same values apply to semiconductor diodes). The lower the junction forward voltage the better, as this means that less power is required to "drive" the transistor. The junction forward voltage for a given current decreases with increase in temperature. For a typical silicon junction the change is −2.1 mV/°C. In some circuits special compensating elements (sensistors) must be used to compensate for such changes.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: The

text: junction

text: forward

text: voltage

text: is

text: the

text: voltage

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: emitter

text: base

text: junction

text: of

text: a

text: BJT

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: base

text: conduct

text: a

text: specified

text: current

text: The

text: current

text: increases

text: exponentially

text: as

text: the

text: junction

text: forward

text: voltage

text: is

text: increased

text: The

text: values

text: given

text: in

text: the

text: table

text: are

text: typical

text: for

text: a

text: current

text: of

text: mA

text: the

text: same

text: values

text: apply

text: to

text: semiconductor

text: diodes

text: The

text: lower

text: the

text: junction

text: forward

text: voltage

text: the

text: better

text: as

text: this

text: means

text: that

text: less

text: power

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: transistor

text: The

text: junction

text: forward

text: voltage

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: current

text: decreases

text: with

text: increase

text: in

text: temperature

text: For

text: a

text: typical

text: silicon

text: junction

text: the

text: change

text: is

text: mV/

text: C

text: In

text: some

text: circuits

text: special

text: compensating

text: elements

text: sensistors

text: must

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: compensate

text: for

text: such

text: changes

question: What is the junction forward voltage?

answer: the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT

text: the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT

question: What is the purpose of a junction forward voltage?

answer: to make the base conduct a specified current

text: to make the base conduct a specified current

question: What is the ideal junction forward voltage?

answer: lower

text: lower

question: Why is the ideal junction forward voltage lower?

answer: less power is required to "drive" the transistor

text: less power is required to "drive" the transistor

question: When happens to the junction forward voltage when temperature is raised?

answer: decreases

text: decreases

question: What applies voltage to the emitter-base junction?

text: semiconductor diodes

question: What are most BJTs made of?

text: silicon

question: What are sensistors made of?

text: semiconductor

question: What kind of circuit needs special compensating elements the most?

text: semiconductor diodes


text: The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsibilities. Such milestones include driving a vehicle, having legal sexual relations, serving in the armed forces or on a jury, purchasing and drinking alcohol, voting, entering into contracts, finishing certain levels of education, and marriage. Adolescence is usually accompanied by an increased independence allowed by the parents or legal guardians, including less supervision as compared to preadolescence.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: adolescence

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: adulthood

text: varies

text: by

text: country

text: and

text: by

text: function

text: Furthermore

text: even

text: within

text: a

text: single

text: nation

text: state

text: or

text: culture

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: different

text: ages

text: at

text: which

text: an

text: individual

text: is

text: considered

text: chronologically

text: and

text: legally

text: mature

text: enough

text: for

text: society

text: to

text: entrust

text: them

text: with

text: certain

text: privileges

text: and

text: responsibilities

text: Such

text: milestones

text: include

text: driving

text: a

text: vehicle

text: having

text: legal

text: sexual

text: relations

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: or

text: on

text: a

text: jury

text: purchasing

text: and

text: drinking

text: alcohol

text: voting

text: entering

text: into

text: contracts

text: finishing

text: certain

text: levels

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: marriage

text: Adolescence

text: is

text: usually

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: increased

text: independence

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: parents

text: or

text: legal

text: guardians

text: including

text: less

text: supervision

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: preadolescence

question: Is adolescence usually accompanied by increased parental supervision or increased independence?

answer: independence

text: independence

question: Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country?

answer: varies by country

text: varies by country

question: Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of responsibility?

answer: different ages

text: different ages


text: Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once heartwood formation is complete, the heartwood is dead. Some uncertainty still exists as to whether heartwood is truly dead, as it can still chemically react to decay organisms, but only once.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Heartwood

text: or

text: duramen

text: is

text: wood

text: that

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: chemical

text: transformation

text: has

text: become

text: more

text: resistant

text: to

text: decay

text: Heartwood

text: formation

text: occurs

text: spontaneously

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: genetically

text: programmed

text: process

text: Once

text: heartwood

text: formation

text: is

text: complete

text: the

text: heartwood

text: is

text: dead

text: Some

text: uncertainty

text: still

text: exists

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: heartwood

text: is

text: truly

text: dead

text: as

text: it

text: can

text: still

text: chemically

text: react

text: to

text: decay

text: organisms

text: but

text: only

text: once

question: What's another word for "duramen"?

answer: Heartwood

text: Heartwood

question: What is heartwood naturally resistant to?

answer: decay

text: decay

question: How does heartwood formation occur due to its being genetically programmed?

answer: spontaneously

text: spontaneously

question: What adjective describes fully formed heartwood?

answer: dead

text: dead

question: Despite being considered dead, what can heartwood have one chemical reaction to?

answer: decay organisms

text: decay organisms


text: The Pashupatinath Temple is a famous 5th century Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (Pashupati). Located on the banks of the Bagmati River in the eastern part of Kathmandu, Pashupatinath Temple is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. It served as the seat of national deity, Lord Pashupatinath, until Nepal was secularized. However, a significant part of the temple was destroyed by Mughal invaders in the 14th century and little or nothing remains of the original 5th-century temple exterior. The temple as it stands today was built in the 19th century, although the image of the bull and the black four-headed image of Pashupati are at least 300 years old. The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Shivaratri, or the night of Lord Shiva, is the most important festival that takes place here, attracting thousands of devotees and sadhus.[citation needed]

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: Pashupatinath

text: Temple

text: is

text: a

text: famous

text: century

text: Hindu

text: temple

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Lord

text: Shiva

text: Pashupati

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Bagmati

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: Pashupatinath

text: Temple

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: Hindu

text: temple

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: It

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: national

text: deity

text: Lord

text: Pashupatinath

text: until

text: Nepal

text: was

text: secularized

text: However

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: temple

text: was

text: destroyed

text: by

text: Mughal

text: invaders

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: little

text: or

text: nothing

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: century

text: temple

text: exterior

text: The

text: temple

text: as

text: it

text: stands

text: today

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: although

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: the

text: bull

text: and

text: the

text: black

text: four

text: headed

text: image

text: of

text: Pashupati

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: old

text: The

text: temple

text: is

text: a

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: Shivaratri

text: or

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: Lord

text: Shiva

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: festival

text: that

text: takes

text: place

text: here

text: attracting

text: thousands

text: of

text: devotees

text: and

text: sadhus.[citation

text: needed

question: When was the Pashupatinath Temple built?

answer: 5th century

text: 5th century

question: What faith does the Pashupatinath Temple serve?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu

question: What is another name for Pashupati?

answer: Lord Shiva

text: Lord Shiva

question: Prior to the secularization of Nepal, who was the country's national god?

answer: Lord Pashupatinath

text: Lord Pashupatinath

question: Who damaged the Pashupatinath Temple in the 14th century?

answer: Mughal invaders

text: Mughal invaders


text: The Boulton Paul Defiant, despite its poor performance during daylight engagements, was a much better night fighter. It was faster, able to catch the bombers and its configuration of four machine guns in a turret could (much like German night fighters in 1943–1945 with Schräge Musik) engage the unsuspecting German bomber from beneath. Attacks from below offered a larger target, compared to attacking tail-on, as well as a better chance of not being seen by the bomber (so less chance of evasion), as well as greater likelihood of detonating its bombload. In subsequent months a steady number of German bombers would fall to night fighters.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: Boulton

text: Paul

text: Defiant

text: despite

text: its

text: poor

text: performance

text: during

text: daylight

text: engagements

text: was

text: a

text: much

text: better

text: night

text: fighter

text: It

text: was

text: faster

text: able

text: to

text: catch

text: the

text: bombers

text: and

text: its

text: configuration

text: of

text: four

text: machine

text: guns

text: in

text: a

text: turret

text: could

text: much

text: like

text: German

text: night

text: fighters

text: in

text: with

text: Schräge

text: Musik

text: engage

text: the

text: unsuspecting

text: German

text: bomber

text: from

text: beneath

text: Attacks

text: from

text: below

text: offered

text: a

text: larger

text: target

text: compared

text: to

text: attacking

text: tail

text: on

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: better

text: chance

text: of

text: not

text: being

text: seen

text: by

text: the

text: bomber

text: so

text: less

text: chance

text: of

text: evasion

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: greater

text: likelihood

text: of

text: detonating

text: its

text: bombload

text: In

text: subsequent

text: months

text: a

text: steady

text: number

text: of

text: German

text: bombers

text: would

text: fall

text: to

text: night

text: fighters

question: What performed better during night fighting?

answer: The Boulton Paul Defiant

text: The Boulton Paul Defiant

question: How could aircraft engage bombers when fitted with a turret?

answer: engage the unsuspecting German bomber from beneath

text: engage the unsuspecting German bomber from beneath

question: What benefits did attacking from below offer?

answer: larger target, compared to attacking tail-on, as well as a better chance of not being seen by the bomber

text: larger target, compared to attacking tail-on, as well as a better chance of not being seen by the bomber


text: Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan Mountains in Manchuria. This orogeny was related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and subduction of the North China and Siberian cratons under the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental margin that characterizes most of the Atlantic coastline (such as along the U.S. East Coast) today.

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: Compared

text: to

text: the

text: vigorous

text: convergent

text: plate

text: mountain

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Paleozoic

text: Mesozoic

text: tectonic

text: deformation

text: was

text: comparatively

text: mild

text: The

text: sole

text: major

text: Mesozoic

text: orogeny

text: occurred

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Arctic

text: creating

text: the

text: Innuitian

text: orogeny

text: the

text: Brooks

text: Range

text: the

text: Verkhoyansk

text: and

text: Cherskiy

text: Ranges

text: in

text: Siberia

text: and

text: the

text: Khingan

text: Mountains

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: This

text: orogeny

text: was

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: subduction

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: China

text: and

text: Siberian

text: cratons

text: under

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: era

text: featured

text: the

text: dramatic

text: rifting

text: of

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: Pangaea

text: gradually

text: split

text: into

text: a

text: northern

text: continent

text: Laurasia

text: and

text: a

text: southern

text: continent

text: Gondwana

text: This

text: created

text: the

text: passive

text: continental

text: margin

text: that

text: characterizes

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coastline

text: such

text: as

text: along

text: the

text: U.S.

text: East

text: Coast

text: today

question: At what time was tectonic formation mild?

answer: Mesozoic

text: Mesozoic

question: Where did the basic geological changes of this period occur?

answer: Arctic

text: Arctic

question: What supercontinent split to form two smaller continents?

answer: Pangaea

text: Pangaea

question: What was the northern continent split from Pangaea?

answer: Laurasia

text: Laurasia

question: What was Pangaea's southern continent called?

answer: Gondwana

text: Gondwana

question: At what time was tectonic formation especially active?

text: Mesozoic

question: What was the northern continent that combined into Pangaea?

text: Laurasia

question: What continent split to destroy the passive continental margin near the Atlantic?

text: Pangaea

question: What destroyed the Innuitian orogeny?

text: Mesozoic orogeny


text: From 1898, it was commonly accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos; this explanation has since been rejected. Richard Coates put forward an explanation in 1998 that it is derived from the pre-Celtic Old European *(p)lowonida, meaning 'river too wide to ford', and suggested that this was a name given to the part of the River Thames which flows through London; from this, the settlement gained the Celtic form of its name, *Lowonidonjon; this requires quite a serious amendment however. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *(h)lōndinion (as opposed to *londīnion), from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name.

title: London

title: London

text: From

text: it

text: was

text: commonly

text: accepted

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: of

text: Celtic

text: origin

text: and

text: meant

text: place

text: belonging

text: to

text: a

text: man

text: called

text: Londinos

text: this

text: explanation

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: rejected

text: Richard

text: Coates

text: put

text: forward

text: an

text: explanation

text: in

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: pre

text: Celtic

text: Old

text: European

text: p)lowonida

text: meaning

text: river

text: too

text: wide

text: to

text: ford

text: and

text: suggested

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: a

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: which

text: flows

text: through

text: London

text: from

text: this

text: the

text: settlement

text: gained

text: the

text: Celtic

text: form

text: of

text: its

text: name

text: Lowonidonjon

text: this

text: requires

text: quite

text: a

text: serious

text: amendment

text: however

text: The

text: ultimate

text: difficulty

text: lies

text: in

text: reconciling

text: the

text: Latin

text: form

text: Londinium

text: with

text: the

text: modern

text: Welsh

text: Llundain

text: which

text: should

text: demand

text: a

text: form

text: h)lōndinion

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: londīnion

text: from

text: earlier

text: loundiniom

text: The

text: possibility

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: ruled

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: Welsh

text: name

text: was

text: borrowed

text: back

text: in

text: from

text: English

text: at

text: a

text: later

text: date

text: and

text: thus

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: basis

text: from

text: which

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: the

text: original

text: name

question: Early consensus was that London's name originated in what language?

answer: Celtic

text: Celtic

question: What is the meaning of the later-believed pre-Celtic Old European origin of London's name?

answer: 'river too wide to ford

text: 'river too wide to ford

question: What is the modern Welsh form o the word London?

answer: Llundain

text: Llundain

question: Who came up with an explanation of the origins of London's name that contradicted earlier assumptions

answer: Richard Coates

text: Richard Coates

question: In what year did Richard Coates offer a differing explanation as to the origins of London's name?

answer: 1998


text: The undergraduates have a number of traditions: Painting The Rock (originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise, for example, campus organizations, events in Greek life, student groups, and university-wide events. Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, has raised more than 13 million dollars in its history for various children's charities. Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream. Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, a day of music and food, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day. And in one of the University's newer traditions, every year during freshman orientation, known as Wildcat Welcome, freshmen and transfer students pass through Weber Arch to the loud huzzahs of upperclassmen and the music of the University Marching Band.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: undergraduates

text: have

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: traditions

text: Painting

text: The

text: Rock

text: originally

text: a

text: fountain

text: donated

text: by

text: the

text: Class

text: of

text: is

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: advertise

text: for

text: example

text: campus

text: organizations

text: events

text: in

text: Greek

text: life

text: student

text: groups

text: and

text: university

text: wide

text: events

text: Dance

text: Marathon

text: a

text: philanthropic

text: event

text: has

text: raised

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: dollars

text: in

text: its

text: history

text: for

text: various

text: children

text: 's

text: charities

text: Primal

text: Scream

text: is

text: held

text: at

text: p.m.

text: on

text: the

text: Sunday

text: before

text: finals

text: week

text: every

text: quarter

text: students

text: lean

text: out

text: of

text: windows

text: or

text: gather

text: in

text: courtyards

text: and

text: scream

text: Armadillo

text: Day

text: or

text: more

text: popularly

text: Dillo

text: Day

text: a

text: day

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: food

text: is

text: held

text: on

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: Lakefill

text: every

text: Spring

text: on

text: the

text: weekend

text: after

text: Memorial

text: Day

text: And

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: 's

text: newer

text: traditions

text: every

text: year

text: during

text: freshman

text: orientation

text: known

text: as

text: Wildcat

text: Welcome

text: freshmen

text: and

text: transfer

text: students

text: pass

text: through

text: Weber

text: Arch

text: to

text: the

text: loud

text: huzzahs

text: of

text: upperclassmen

text: and

text: the

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: Marching

text: Band

question: How much money has the traditional Northwestern Dance Marathon raised for children's charities?

answer: more than 13 million dollars

text: more than 13 million dollars

question: What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter?

answer: scream

text: scream

question: What is the popular name for Northwestern's traditional Armadillo Day?

answer: Dillo Day

text: Dillo Day

question: When is Armadillo Day held every year?

answer: on the weekend after Memorial Day

text: on the weekend after Memorial Day

question: What name is freshman orientation known as?

answer: Wildcat Welcome

text: Wildcat Welcome

question: How much money has the traditional Southwestern Dance Marathon raised for children's charities?

text: 13 million dollars

question: What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every year?

text: scream

question: What is the popular name for Southwestern's traditional Armadillo Day?

text: weekend after Memorial Day

question: What name is sophomore orientation known as?

text: Wildcat Welcome


text: Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: Sicily

text: fell

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: Palermo

text: was

text: the

text: preferred

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Frederick

text: II

text: Muslims

text: of

text: Palermo

text: emigrated

text: or

text: were

text: expelled

text: during

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: rule

text: After

text: an

text: interval

text: of

text: Angevin

text: rule

text: Sicily

text: came

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Aragon

text: and

text: Barcelona

text: dynasties

text: By

text: Palermo

text: 's

text: population

text: had

text: declined

text: to

text: From

text: until

text: Palermo

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: and

text: again

text: between

text: and

text: Palermo

text: was

text: also

text: under

text: Savoy

text: control

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: ruled

text: by

text: Austria

text: between

text: and

question: What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?

answer: 1194

question: What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?

answer: emigrated or were expelled

text: emigrated or were expelled

question: What was Palermos population in 1330?

answer: 51,000

question: During what years did Austria rule Palermo?

answer: 1720 and 1734

text: 1720 and 1734

question: Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century?

text: the Holy Roman Empire

question: Who immigrated to Palermo during the rule of the Holy Roman Empire?

text: Muslims

question: Who ruled Palermo in the 12th century?

text: Angevin

question: What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century?

text: declined to 51,000.

question: What treaty put Palermo under Austrian rule in the 17th century?

text: Treaty of Utrecht


text: Another major addition to the city's museum scene is the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance (Museo de la Memoria y Tolerancia), inaugurated in early 2011. The brainchild of two young Mexican women as a Holocaust museum, the idea morphed into a unique museum dedicated to showcasing all major historical events of discrimination and genocide. Permanent exhibits include those on the Holocaust and other large-scale atrocities. It also houses temporary exhibits; one on Tibet was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama in September 2011.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Another

text: major

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: museum

text: scene

text: is

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Remembrance

text: and

text: Tolerance

text: Museo

text: de

text: la

text: Memoria

text: y

text: Tolerancia

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: early

text: The

text: brainchild

text: of

text: two

text: young

text: Mexican

text: women

text: as

text: a

text: Holocaust

text: museum

text: the

text: idea

text: morphed

text: into

text: a

text: unique

text: museum

text: dedicated

text: to

text: showcasing

text: all

text: major

text: historical

text: events

text: of

text: discrimination

text: and

text: genocide

text: Permanent

text: exhibits

text: include

text: those

text: on

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: and

text: other

text: large

text: scale

text: atrocities

text: It

text: also

text: houses

text: temporary

text: exhibits

text: one

text: on

text: Tibet

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: by

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: in

text: September

question: When did the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance open?

answer: 2011

question: What main event inspired the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?

answer: Holocaust

text: Holocaust

question: The exhibit inaugurated by the Dalai Lama opened when?

answer: September 2011

text: September 2011

question: What is the main subject of the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?

answer: discrimination and genocide

text: discrimination and genocide


text: Chapter VII (of the first edition) addresses the evolution of instincts. His examples included two he had investigated experimentally: slave-making ants and the construction of hexagonal cells by honey bees. Darwin noted that some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others, and he observed that many ant species will collect and store the pupae of other species as food. He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps. He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax. Darwin concluded:

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Chapter

text: VII

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: edition

text: addresses

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: instincts

text: His

text: examples

text: included

text: two

text: he

text: had

text: investigated

text: experimentally

text: slave

text: making

text: ants

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: hexagonal

text: cells

text: by

text: honey

text: bees

text: Darwin

text: noted

text: that

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: slave

text: making

text: ants

text: were

text: more

text: dependent

text: on

text: slaves

text: than

text: others

text: and

text: he

text: observed

text: that

text: many

text: ant

text: species

text: will

text: collect

text: and

text: store

text: the

text: pupae

text: of

text: other

text: species

text: as

text: food

text: He

text: thought

text: it

text: reasonable

text: that

text: species

text: with

text: an

text: extreme

text: dependency

text: on

text: slave

text: workers

text: had

text: evolved

text: in

text: incremental

text: steps

text: He

text: suggested

text: that

text: bees

text: that

text: make

text: hexagonal

text: cells

text: evolved

text: in

text: steps

text: from

text: bees

text: that

text: made

text: round

text: cells

text: under

text: pressure

text: from

text: natural

text: selection

text: to

text: economise

text: wax

text: Darwin

text: concluded

question: How does Darwin theorize that instincts have evolved in slave-making ants?

answer: He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps.

text: He thought it reasonable that species with an extreme dependency on slave workers had evolved in incremental steps.

question: How does Darwin theorize that instincts have evolved in bees?

answer: He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax

text: He suggested that bees that make hexagonal cells evolved in steps from bees that made round cells, under pressure from natural selection to economise wax

question: What did Darwin notice specifically about slave-making ants?

answer: some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others

text: some species of slave-making ants were more dependent on slaves than others


text: In January 2008, Kaz Hirai, CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment, suggested that the console may start making a profit by early 2009, stating that, "the next fiscal year starts in April and if we can try to achieve that in the next fiscal year that would be a great thing" and that "[profitability] is not a definite commitment, but that is what I would like to try to shoot for". However, market analysts Nikko Citigroup have predicted that PlayStation 3 could be profitable by August 2008. In a July 2008 interview, Hirai stated that his objective is for PlayStation 3 to sell 150 million units by its ninth year, surpassing PlayStation 2's sales of 140 million in its nine years on the market. In January 2009 Sony announced that their gaming division was profitable in Q3 2008.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: In

text: January

text: Kaz

text: Hirai

text: CEO

text: of

text: Sony

text: Computer

text: Entertainment

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: console

text: may

text: start

text: making

text: a

text: profit

text: by

text: early

text: stating

text: that

text: the

text: next

text: fiscal

text: year

text: starts

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: if

text: we

text: can

text: try

text: to

text: achieve

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: fiscal

text: year

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: great

text: thing

text: and

text: that

text: profitability

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: definite

text: commitment

text: but

text: that

text: is

text: what

text: I

text: would

text: like

text: to

text: try

text: to

text: shoot

text: for

text: However

text: market

text: analysts

text: Nikko

text: Citigroup

text: have

text: predicted

text: that

text: PlayStation

text: could

text: be

text: profitable

text: by

text: August

text: In

text: a

text: July

text: interview

text: Hirai

text: stated

text: that

text: his

text: objective

text: is

text: for

text: PlayStation

text: to

text: sell

text: million

text: units

text: by

text: its

text: ninth

text: year

text: surpassing

text: PlayStation

text: 's

text: sales

text: of

text: million

text: in

text: its

text: nine

text: years

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: In

text: January

text: Sony

text: announced

text: that

text: their

text: gaming

text: division

text: was

text: profitable

text: in

question: Who was Sony's CEO at the start of 2008?

answer: Kaz Hirai

text: Kaz Hirai

question: When did Hirai think the PS3 might start making the company some money?

answer: early 2009

text: early 2009

question: What market analyst firm said Sony could make the PlayStation 3 profitable by August 2008?

answer: Nikko Citigroup

text: Nikko Citigroup

question: How many PS3 did Hirai set a public goal to sell by the time the product was nine?

answer: 150 million

text: 150 million

question: What other Sony gaming console was Hirai setting his sales goal to beat?

answer: PlayStation 2

text: PlayStation 2

question: Who was Sony's CEO at the start of 2018?

text: Kaz Hirai

question: When did Hirai think the PS2 might start making the company some money?

text: early 2009

question: What market analyst firm said Sony could make the PlayStation 3 profitable by August 2018?

text: Nikko Citigroup

question: How many PS3 did Hirai set a private goal to sell by the time the product was nine?

text: 150 million units

question: What other Microsoft gaming console was Hirai setting his sales goal to beat?

text: PlayStation 2


text: Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot of Soyuz 1, Vladimir Komarov, became the first in-flight spaceflight fatality. The mission was planned to be a three-day test, to include the first Soviet docking with an unpiloted Soyuz 2, but the mission was plagued with problems. Early on, Komarov's craft lacked sufficient electrical power because only one of two solar panels had deployed. Then the automatic attitude control system began malfunctioning and eventually failed completely, resulting in the craft spinning wildly. Komarov was able to stop the spin with the manual system, which was only partially effective. The flight controllers aborted his mission after only one day. During the emergency re-entry, a fault in the landing parachute system caused the primary chute to fail, and the reserve chute became tangled with the drogue chute; Komarov was killed on impact. Fixing the spacecraft faults caused an eighteen-month delay before piloted Soyuz flights could resume.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: having

text: its

text: own

text: problems

text: with

text: Soyuz

text: development

text: Engineers

text: reported

text: design

text: faults

text: to

text: party

text: leaders

text: but

text: their

text: concerns

text: were

text: overruled

text: by

text: political

text: pressures

text: for

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: space

text: feats

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Lenin

text: 's

text: birthday."[citation

text: needed

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: single

text: pilot

text: of

text: Soyuz

text: Vladimir

text: Komarov

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: flight

text: spaceflight

text: fatality

text: The

text: mission

text: was

text: planned

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: three

text: day

text: test

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: first

text: Soviet

text: docking

text: with

text: an

text: unpiloted

text: Soyuz

text: but

text: the

text: mission

text: was

text: plagued

text: with

text: problems

text: Early

text: on

text: Komarov

text: 's

text: craft

text: lacked

text: sufficient

text: electrical

text: power

text: because

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: solar

text: panels

text: had

text: deployed

text: Then

text: the

text: automatic

text: attitude

text: control

text: system

text: began

text: malfunctioning

text: and

text: eventually

text: failed

text: completely

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: craft

text: spinning

text: wildly

text: Komarov

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: spin

text: with

text: the

text: manual

text: system

text: which

text: was

text: only

text: partially

text: effective

text: The

text: flight

text: controllers

text: aborted

text: his

text: mission

text: after

text: only

text: one

text: day

text: During

text: the

text: emergency

text: re

text: entry

text: a

text: fault

text: in

text: the

text: landing

text: parachute

text: system

text: caused

text: the

text: primary

text: chute

text: to

text: fail

text: and

text: the

text: reserve

text: chute

text: became

text: tangled

text: with

text: the

text: drogue

text: chute

text: Komarov

text: was

text: killed

text: on

text: impact

text: Fixing

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: faults

text: caused

text: an

text: eighteen

text: month

text: delay

text: before

text: piloted

text: Soyuz

text: flights

text: could

text: resume

question: Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?

answer: Vladimir Komarov

text: Vladimir Komarov

question: When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash?

answer: April 24, 1967

text: April 24, 1967


text: The city council of the city of Bern decided against having twinned cities except for a temporary (during the UEFA Euro 2008) cooperation with the Austrian city Salzburg

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: city

text: council

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: decided

text: against

text: having

text: twinned

text: cities

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: temporary

text: during

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Euro

text: cooperation

text: with

text: the

text: Austrian

text: city

text: Salzburg

question: What did the city decide again?

answer: having twinned cities

text: having twinned cities

question: When did they have a temporary twinned city?

answer: during the UEFA Euro 2008

text: during the UEFA Euro 2008

question: What was the twinning city with Bern in 2008?

answer: Salzburg

text: Salzburg

question: What country is Salzburg in?

answer: Austrian

text: Austrian


text: Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Historically

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: work

text: has

text: been

text: most

text: influential

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: American

text: progressive

text: theology

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: early

text: proponent

text: of

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: thought

text: in

text: a

text: theological

text: context

text: was

text: Charles

text: Hartshorne

text: who

text: spent

text: a

text: semester

text: at

text: Harvard

text: as

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: teaching

text: assistant

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: credited

text: with

text: developing

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: process

text: philosophy

text: into

text: a

text: full

text: blown

text: process

text: theology

text: Other

text: notable

text: process

text: theologians

text: include

text: John

text: B.

text: Cobb

text: Jr.

text: David

text: Ray

text: Griffin

text: Marjorie

text: Hewitt

text: Suchocki

text: C.

text: Robert

text: Mesle

text: Roland

text: Faber

text: and

text: Catherine

text: Keller

question: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States?

answer: American progressive theology

text: American progressive theology

question: Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?

answer: Charles Hartshorne

text: Charles Hartshorne

question: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne?

answer: developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology

text: developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology

question: Who are some other distinguished process theologians?

answer: John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller

text: John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller

question: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been less influential in the United States?

text: American progressive theology

question: Who was the least important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?

text: Charles Hartshorne

question: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is not attributed to Charles Hartshorne?


text: Their endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madrasahs became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world. Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics.

title: University

title: University

text: Their

text: endowment

text: by

text: a

text: prince

text: or

text: monarch

text: and

text: their

text: role

text: in

text: training

text: government

text: officials

text: made

text: these

text: Mediterranean

text: universities

text: similar

text: to

text: Islamic

text: madrasas

text: although

text: madrasas

text: were

text: generally

text: smaller

text: and

text: individual

text: teachers

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: madrasa

text: itself

text: granted

text: the

text: license

text: or

text: degree

text: Scholars

text: like

text: Arnold

text: H.

text: Green

text: and

text: Hossein

text: Nasr

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: some

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: madrasahs

text: became

text: universities

text: George

text: Makdisi

text: and

text: others

text: however

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: European

text: university

text: has

text: no

text: parallel

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: world

text: Other

text: scholars

text: regard

text: the

text: university

text: as

text: uniquely

text: European

text: in

text: origin

text: and

text: characteristics

question: What type of university was an Islamic madrasa akin to?

answer: Mediterranean universities

text: Mediterranean universities

question: What type of individual funded a Mediterranean university?

answer: prince or monarch

text: prince or monarch

question: In which century did Islamic madrasas start to transform into universities?

answer: 10th

question: From where did a degree come in a madrasa?

answer: individual teachers

text: individual teachers

question: What did many towns establish in the Islamic world?

text: madrasas

question: What did madrasa grant to students?

text: license or degree

question: Who said madrasahs developed from universities?

text: Arnold H. Green and Hossein Nasr

question: What Islamic schools developed from universities in the 10th century?

text: madrasahs

question: What happened to madrasa in the 10000's?

text: became universities.

question: What type of university was an a European university akin to?

text: Mediterranean universities

question: What type of individual funded a European university?

text: prince or monarch

question: In which century did Islamic madrasas start to transform into Hossein?

question: From where did a degree come in a university?

text: individual teachers

question: What did some monarchs become in the 10th centurty?

text: universities


text: Hopkins' column also drew criticism on Twitter, including from Russell Brand, to whom Hopkins responded by accusing Brand's "champagne socialist humanity" of neglecting taxpayers. Simon Usborne, writing in The Independent, compared her use of the word "cockroach" to previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators. He suspected that if any other contributor had written the piece it would not have been published and questioned her continued employment by the newspaper. Zoe Williams commented in The Guardian: "It is no joke when people start talking like this. We are not 'giving her what she wants' when we make manifest our disgust. It is not a free speech issue. I’m not saying gag her: I’m saying fight her".

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: Hopkins

text: column

text: also

text: drew

text: criticism

text: on

text: Twitter

text: including

text: from

text: Russell

text: Brand

text: to

text: whom

text: Hopkins

text: responded

text: by

text: accusing

text: Brand

text: 's

text: champagne

text: socialist

text: humanity

text: of

text: neglecting

text: taxpayers

text: Simon

text: Usborne

text: writing

text: in

text: The

text: Independent

text: compared

text: her

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: cockroach

text: to

text: previous

text: uses

text: by

text: the

text: Nazis

text: and

text: just

text: before

text: the

text: Rwandan

text: Genocide

text: by

text: its

text: perpetrators

text: He

text: suspected

text: that

text: if

text: any

text: other

text: contributor

text: had

text: written

text: the

text: piece

text: it

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: published

text: and

text: questioned

text: her

text: continued

text: employment

text: by

text: the

text: newspaper

text: Zoe

text: Williams

text: commented

text: in

text: The

text: Guardian

text: It

text: is

text: no

text: joke

text: when

text: people

text: start

text: talking

text: like

text: this

text: We

text: are

text: not

text: giving

text: her

text: what

text: she

text: wants

text: when

text: we

text: make

text: manifest

text: our

text: disgust

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: free

text: speech

text: issue

text: I

text: ’m

text: not

text: saying

text: gag

text: her

text: I

text: ’m

text: saying

text: fight

text: her

question: On Twitter what famous person condemned Hopkins' remarks?

answer: Russell Brand

text: Russell Brand

question: Who wrote critically in The Independent about Hopkins?

answer: Simon Usborne

text: Simon Usborne

question: With whom did Usborne draw parallels to Hopkins as a result of Hopkins' comments?

answer: previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators

text: previous uses by the Nazis and just before the Rwandan Genocide by its perpetrators

question: Which writer in The Guardian was critical of Hopkins?

answer: Zoe Williams

text: Zoe Williams

question: What did Williams say should be done about Hopkins?

answer: I’m not saying gag her: I’m saying fight her

text: I’m not saying gag her: I’m saying fight her


text: Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group).

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Ethnic

text: Russians

text: constitute

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: current

text: population

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: Estonian

text: population

text: is

text: also

text: able

text: to

text: speak

text: Russian

text: In

text: all

text: of

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: population

text: can

text: speak

text: Russian

text: Command

text: of

text: Russian

text: language

text: however

text: is

text: rapidly

text: decreasing

text: among

text: younger

text: Estonians

text: primarily

text: being

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: English

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Estonians

text: between

text: and

text: claim

text: to

text: speak

text: some

text: Russian

text: then

text: among

text: the

text: to

text: old

text: group

text: command

text: of

text: Russian

text: has

text: fallen

text: to

text: which

text: is

text: about

text: one

text: third

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: claim

text: to

text: have

text: command

text: of

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: age

text: group

question: How much of Estonia is ethnic Russians?

answer: 25.5%

question: How much of Estonia speaks Russian?

answer: 67.8%

question: What is the ratio of young Estonians who speak Russian relative to those who speak English?

answer: about one-third

text: about one-third

question: How much of Estonia's native Estonians speaks Russian?

answer: 58.6%

question: What percentage of ethnic Russians speak English?

question: How much of the native Estonian population speaks English?

question: What is decreasing among ethnic Russians?

text: Command of Russian language

question: What percentage of Russians are between 15 and 19?

question: What has the percentage of 10-14 year olds in Russia fallen to?


text: His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940. Broz left for Belgrade after the April War, leaving Haas pregnant. In May 1941, she gave birth to their son, Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz. All throughout his relationship with Haas, Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović, who, under the codename "Zdenka", served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary. Haas and Tito suddenly parted company in 1943 in Jajce during the second meeting of AVNOJ after she reportedly walked in on him and Davorjanka. The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946. Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor, his Belgrade residence.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: His

text: next

text: relationship

text: was

text: with

text: Herta

text: Haas

text: whom

text: he

text: married

text: in

text: Broz

text: left

text: for

text: Belgrade

text: after

text: the

text: April

text: War

text: leaving

text: Haas

text: pregnant

text: In

text: May

text: she

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: their

text: son

text: Aleksandar

text: Mišo

text: Broz

text: All

text: throughout

text: his

text: relationship

text: with

text: Haas

text: Tito

text: had

text: maintained

text: a

text: promiscuous

text: life

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: parallel

text: relationship

text: with

text: Davorjanka

text: Paunović

text: who

text: under

text: the

text: codename

text: Zdenka

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: courier

text: in

text: the

text: resistance

text: and

text: subsequently

text: became

text: his

text: personal

text: secretary

text: Haas

text: and

text: Tito

text: suddenly

text: parted

text: company

text: in

text: in

text: Jajce

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: meeting

text: of

text: AVNOJ

text: after

text: she

text: reportedly

text: walked

text: in

text: on

text: him

text: and

text: Davorjanka

text: The

text: last

text: time

text: Haas

text: saw

text: Broz

text: was

text: in

text: Davorjanka

text: died

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: in

text: and

text: Tito

text: insisted

text: that

text: she

text: be

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: backyard

text: of

text: the

text: Beli

text: Dvor

text: his

text: Belgrade

text: residence

question: Who did Tito marry in 1940?

answer: Herta Haas

text: Herta Haas

question: When did Haas give birth to Tito's son?

answer: 1941

question: What was the name of Tito's son born to him and Haas?

answer: Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz

text: Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz

question: With whom did Tito have a parallel life during his marriage to Haas?

answer: Davorjanka Paunović

text: Davorjanka Paunović

question: When did Davorjanka die of Tuberculosis?

answer: 1946


text: In theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy but these dignities were also granted for a lifetime. Some tenancies became hereditary and went with both privilege and titles. Nobles who were not direct barons of the Crown but held land from other lords were only peers "de iure".

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: In

text: theory

text: at

text: least

text: all

text: Polish

text: noblemen

text: were

text: social

text: equals

text: Also

text: in

text: theory

text: they

text: were

text: legal

text: peers

text: Those

text: who

text: held

text: real

text: power

text: dignities

text: were

text: more

text: privileged

text: but

text: these

text: dignities

text: were

text: not

text: hereditary

text: Those

text: who

text: held

text: honorary

text: dignities

text: were

text: higher

text: in

text: ritual

text: hierarchy

text: but

text: these

text: dignities

text: were

text: also

text: granted

text: for

text: a

text: lifetime

text: Some

text: tenancies

text: became

text: hereditary

text: and

text: went

text: with

text: both

text: privilege

text: and

text: titles

text: Nobles

text: who

text: were

text: not

text: direct

text: barons

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: but

text: held

text: land

text: from

text: other

text: lords

text: were

text: only

text: peers

text: de

text: iure

question: In theory how were all polish noblemen viewed?

answer: equals

text: equals

question: Was was unique about the dignities?

answer: not hereditary

text: not hereditary

question: If one is high in dignities they are also high in what other form?

answer: ritual

text: ritual

question: Nobles held land form whom?

answer: other lords were only peers "de iure"

text: other lords were only peers "de iure"


text: Along with the Byzantine (Church) chant and music, the Greek people also cultivated the Greek folk song which is divided into two cycles, the akritic and klephtic. The akritic was created between the 9th and 10th centuries and expressed the life and struggles of the akrites (frontier guards) of the Byzantine empire, the most well known being the stories associated with Digenes Akritas. The klephtic cycle came into being between the late Byzantine period and the start of the Greek War of Independence. The klephtic cycle, together with historical songs, paraloghes (narrative song or ballad), love songs, mantinades, wedding songs, songs of exile and dirges express the life of the Greeks. There is a unity between the Greek people's struggles for freedom, their joys and sorrow and attitudes towards love and death.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Church

text: chant

text: and

text: music

text: the

text: Greek

text: people

text: also

text: cultivated

text: the

text: Greek

text: folk

text: song

text: which

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: cycles

text: the

text: akritic

text: and

text: klephtic

text: The

text: akritic

text: was

text: created

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: and

text: expressed

text: the

text: life

text: and

text: struggles

text: of

text: the

text: akrites

text: frontier

text: guards

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: empire

text: the

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: being

text: the

text: stories

text: associated

text: with

text: Digenes

text: Akritas

text: The

text: klephtic

text: cycle

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: between

text: the

text: late

text: Byzantine

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: The

text: klephtic

text: cycle

text: together

text: with

text: historical

text: songs

text: paraloghes

text: narrative

text: song

text: or

text: ballad

text: love

text: songs

text: mantinades

text: wedding

text: songs

text: songs

text: of

text: exile

text: and

text: dirges

text: express

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: unity

text: between

text: the

text: Greek

text: people

text: 's

text: struggles

text: for

text: freedom

text: their

text: joys

text: and

text: sorrow

text: and

text: attitudes

text: towards

text: love

text: and

text: death

question: What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?

answer: akritic and klephtic

text: akritic and klephtic

question: Between what centuries was the akritic cycle of Greek song created?

answer: 9th and 10th

text: 9th and 10th

question: Which Greek song cycle expresses the life of the Greeks?

answer: klephtic

text: klephtic


text: Some polychaetes breed only once in their lives, while others breed almost continuously or through several breeding seasons. While most polychaetes remain of one sex all their lives, a significant percentage of species are full hermaphrodites or change sex during their lives. Most polychaetes whose reproduction has been studied lack permanent gonads, and it is uncertain how they produce ova and sperm. In a few species the rear of the body splits off and becomes a separate individual that lives just long enough to swim to a suitable environment, usually near the surface, and spawn.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Some

text: polychaetes

text: breed

text: only

text: once

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: while

text: others

text: breed

text: almost

text: continuously

text: or

text: through

text: several

text: breeding

text: seasons

text: While

text: most

text: polychaetes

text: remain

text: of

text: one

text: sex

text: all

text: their

text: lives

text: a

text: significant

text: percentage

text: of

text: species

text: are

text: full

text: hermaphrodites

text: or

text: change

text: sex

text: during

text: their

text: lives

text: Most

text: polychaetes

text: whose

text: reproduction

text: has

text: been

text: studied

text: lack

text: permanent

text: gonads

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: uncertain

text: how

text: they

text: produce

text: ova

text: and

text: sperm

text: In

text: a

text: few

text: species

text: the

text: rear

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: splits

text: off

text: and

text: becomes

text: a

text: separate

text: individual

text: that

text: lives

text: just

text: long

text: enough

text: to

text: swim

text: to

text: a

text: suitable

text: environment

text: usually

text: near

text: the

text: surface

text: and

text: spawn

question: What do some non-single-sex polychaetes do?

answer: change sex

text: change sex

question: What are most polychaetes lacking for reproduction?

answer: permanent gonads

text: permanent gonads

question: How do some annelids get a one-time chance at a better spawning spot?

answer: the rear of the body splits off and becomes a separate individual

text: the rear of the body splits off and becomes a separate individual

question: What do all non-single-sex polychaetes do?

text: change sex

question: What are no polychaetes lacking for reproduction?

text: permanent gonads

question: How do some annelids get a three-time chance at a better spawning spot?

question: How many polychaetes breed an infinite amount of times?

text: Some


text: Despite the failures in Egypt, Napoleon returned to a hero's welcome. He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, his brother Lucien, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos, director Joseph Fouché, and Talleyrand, and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état on 9 November 1799 ("the 18th Brumaire" according to the revolutionary calendar), closing down the council of five hundred. Napoleon became "first consul" for ten years, with two consuls appointed by him who had consultative voices only. His power was confirmed by the new "Constitution of the Year VIII", originally devised by Sieyès to give Napoleon a minor role, but rewritten by Napoleon, and accepted by direct popular vote (3,000,000 in favor, 1,567 opposed). The constitution preserved the appearance of a republic but in reality established a dictatorship.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Despite

text: the

text: failures

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Napoleon

text: returned

text: to

text: a

text: hero

text: 's

text: welcome

text: He

text: drew

text: together

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: director

text: Emmanuel

text: Joseph

text: Sieyès

text: his

text: brother

text: Lucien

text: speaker

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Five

text: Hundred

text: Roger

text: Ducos

text: director

text: Joseph

text: Fouché

text: and

text: Talleyrand

text: and

text: they

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Directory

text: by

text: a

text: coup

text: d'état

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: Brumaire

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: revolutionary

text: calendar

text: closing

text: down

text: the

text: council

text: of

text: five

text: hundred

text: Napoleon

text: became

text: first

text: consul

text: for

text: ten

text: years

text: with

text: two

text: consuls

text: appointed

text: by

text: him

text: who

text: had

text: consultative

text: voices

text: only

text: His

text: power

text: was

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: VIII

text: originally

text: devised

text: by

text: Sieyès

text: to

text: give

text: Napoleon

text: a

text: minor

text: role

text: but

text: rewritten

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: and

text: accepted

text: by

text: direct

text: popular

text: vote

text: in

text: favor

text: opposed

text: The

text: constitution

text: preserved

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: a

text: republic

text: but

text: in

text: reality

text: established

text: a

text: dictatorship

question: Napoleon's ally Roger Ducos was the speaker for what organization?

answer: the Council of Five Hundred

text: the Council of Five Hundred

question: On what date did Napoleon's alliance overthrow the Directory?

answer: 9 November 1799

text: 9 November 1799

question: Napoleon's successful coup against the directory resulted in the closure of what organization?

answer: the council of five hundred

text: the council of five hundred

question: After his successful coup against the Directory, what political office did Napoleon assume?

answer: "first consul"

text: "first consul"

question: What was the count of the popular vote in favor of the "Constitution of the Year VIII"?

answer: 3,000,000


text: By the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order. In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between regions, a greater dependence on overseas markets and a greatly increased population. After the re-opening of the southeast coast, which had been closed in the late 17th century, foreign trade was quickly re-established, and was expanding at 4% per annum throughout the latter part of the 18th century. China continued to export tea, silk and manufactures, creating a large, favorable trade balance with the West. The resulting inflow of silver expanded the money supply, facilitating the growth of competitive and stable markets.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Chinese

text: economy

text: had

text: recovered

text: from

text: the

text: devastation

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: wars

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: were

text: overthrown

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: breakdown

text: of

text: order

text: In

text: the

text: following

text: century

text: markets

text: continued

text: to

text: expand

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Ming

text: period

text: but

text: with

text: more

text: trade

text: between

text: regions

text: a

text: greater

text: dependence

text: on

text: overseas

text: markets

text: and

text: a

text: greatly

text: increased

text: population

text: After

text: the

text: re

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: southeast

text: coast

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: closed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: foreign

text: trade

text: was

text: quickly

text: re

text: established

text: and

text: was

text: expanding

text: at

text: per

text: annum

text: throughout

text: the

text: latter

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: China

text: continued

text: to

text: export

text: tea

text: silk

text: and

text: manufactures

text: creating

text: a

text: large

text: favorable

text: trade

text: balance

text: with

text: the

text: West

text: The

text: resulting

text: inflow

text: of

text: silver

text: expanded

text: the

text: money

text: supply

text: facilitating

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: competitive

text: and

text: stable

text: markets

question: What did China export?

answer: tea, silk and manufactures

text: tea, silk and manufactures

question: What did the Chinese get paid for their goods?

answer: silver

text: silver

question: When did the Chinese economy finally recover after the wars with the Mings?

answer: end of the 17th century

text: end of the 17th century


text: Aristotle of Stagira, the most important disciple of Plato, shared with his teacher the title of the greatest philosopher of antiquity. But while Plato had sought to elucidate and explain things from the supra-sensual standpoint of the forms, his pupil preferred to start from the facts given us by experience. Except from these three most significant Greek philosophers other known schools of Greek philosophy from other founders during ancient times were Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism and Neoplatonism.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Aristotle

text: of

text: Stagira

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: disciple

text: of

text: Plato

text: shared

text: with

text: his

text: teacher

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: philosopher

text: of

text: antiquity

text: But

text: while

text: Plato

text: had

text: sought

text: to

text: elucidate

text: and

text: explain

text: things

text: from

text: the

text: supra

text: sensual

text: standpoint

text: of

text: the

text: forms

text: his

text: pupil

text: preferred

text: to

text: start

text: from

text: the

text: facts

text: given

text: us

text: by

text: experience

text: Except

text: from

text: these

text: three

text: most

text: significant

text: Greek

text: philosophers

text: other

text: known

text: schools

text: of

text: Greek

text: philosophy

text: from

text: other

text: founders

text: during

text: ancient

text: times

text: were

text: Stoicism

text: Epicureanism

text: Skepticism

text: and

text: Neoplatonism

question: Which disciple of Plato was considered the most important?

answer: Aristotle of Stagira

text: Aristotle of Stagira

question: Plato's philosophy attempted to explain life from what standpoint?

answer: the supra-sensual

text: the supra-sensual

question: Aristotle's philosophy was based from what standpoint?

answer: experience

text: experience

question: What is the name of two schools of philosophy?

answer: Skepticism and Neoplatonism

text: Skepticism and Neoplatonism


text: A considerable amount of new knowledge about plant function comes from studies of the molecular genetics of model plants such as the Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy species in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The genome or hereditary information contained in the genes of this species is encoded by about 135 million base pairs of DNA, forming one of the smallest genomes among flowering plants. Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, in 2000. The sequencing of some other relatively small genomes, of rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon, has made them important model species for understanding the genetics, cellular and molecular biology of cereals, grasses and monocots generally.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: A

text: considerable

text: amount

text: of

text: new

text: knowledge

text: about

text: plant

text: function

text: comes

text: from

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: molecular

text: genetics

text: of

text: model

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Thale

text: cress

text: Arabidopsis

text: thaliana

text: a

text: weedy

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: mustard

text: family

text: Brassicaceae

text: The

text: genome

text: or

text: hereditary

text: information

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: genes

text: of

text: this

text: species

text: is

text: encoded

text: by

text: about

text: million

text: base

text: pairs

text: of

text: DNA

text: forming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: smallest

text: genomes

text: among

text: flowering

text: plants

text: Arabidopsis

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: plant

text: to

text: have

text: its

text: genome

text: sequenced

text: in

text: The

text: sequencing

text: of

text: some

text: other

text: relatively

text: small

text: genomes

text: of

text: rice

text: Oryza

text: sativa

text: and

text: Brachypodium

text: distachyon

text: has

text: made

text: them

text: important

text: model

text: species

text: for

text: understanding

text: the

text: genetics

text: cellular

text: and

text: molecular

text: biology

text: of

text: cereals

text: grasses

text: and

text: monocots

text: generally

question: What was the first plant to have its genome sequenced?

answer: Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana

text: Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana

question: In what year was this genome sequenced?

answer: 2000

question: Why was this plant chosen for sequencing?

answer: one of the smallest genomes

text: one of the smallest genomes

question: Why is sequencing done on plants?

answer: understanding the genetics

text: understanding the genetics

question: What results from  sequencing of DNA pairs?

answer: new knowledge about plant function

text: new knowledge about plant function


text: The modern Greek theatre was born after the Greek independence, in the early 19th century, and initially was influenced by the Heptanesean theatre and melodrama, such as the Italian opera. The Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù was the first theatre and opera house of modern Greece and the place where the first Greek opera, Spyridon Xyndas' The Parliamentary Candidate (based on an exclusively Greek libretto) was performed. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the Athenian theatre scene was dominated by revues, musical comedies, operettas and nocturnes and notable playwrights included Spyridon Samaras, Dionysios Lavrangas, Theophrastos Sakellaridis and others.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: modern

text: Greek

text: theatre

text: was

text: born

text: after

text: the

text: Greek

text: independence

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: initially

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Heptanesean

text: theatre

text: and

text: melodrama

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Italian

text: opera

text: The

text: Nobile

text: Teatro

text: di

text: San

text: Giacomo

text: di

text: Corfù

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: theatre

text: and

text: opera

text: house

text: of

text: modern

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: place

text: where

text: the

text: first

text: Greek

text: opera

text: Spyridon

text: Xyndas

text: The

text: Parliamentary

text: Candidate

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: exclusively

text: Greek

text: libretto

text: was

text: performed

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: Athenian

text: theatre

text: scene

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: revues

text: musical

text: comedies

text: operettas

text: and

text: nocturnes

text: and

text: notable

text: playwrights

text: included

text: Spyridon

text: Samaras

text: Dionysios

text: Lavrangas

text: Theophrastos

text: Sakellaridis

text: and

text: others

question: Modern Greek theater began when?

answer: early 19th century

text: early 19th century

question: Modern Greek theater was influenced by what?

answer: Heptanesean theatre and melodrama

text: Heptanesean theatre and melodrama

question: What was the first theater of modern Greece?

answer: Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù

text: Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù

question: What was the first Greek opera?

answer: The Parliamentary Candidate

text: The Parliamentary Candidate

question: Who created the first opera, The Parliamentary Candidate?

answer: Spyridon Xyndas

text: Spyridon Xyndas


text: Many smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early "republics" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as early as the 6th century BCE and persisted in some areas until the 4th century CE. The educated speech at that time was Sanskrit, while the languages of the general population of northern India are referred to as Prakrits. Many of the sixteen kingdoms had coalesced to four major ones by 500/400 BCE, by the time of Gautama Buddha. These four were Vatsa, Avanti, Kosala, and Magadha. The Life of Gautam Budhha was mainly associated with these four kingdoms.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Many

text: smaller

text: clans

text: mentioned

text: within

text: early

text: literature

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: present

text: across

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: kings

text: were

text: hereditary

text: other

text: states

text: elected

text: their

text: rulers

text: Early

text: republics

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Vajji

text: or

text: Vriji

text: confederation

text: centered

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Vaishali

text: existed

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: and

text: persisted

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: The

text: educated

text: speech

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: was

text: Sanskrit

text: while

text: the

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: of

text: northern

text: India

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Prakrits

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: sixteen

text: kingdoms

text: had

text: coalesced

text: to

text: four

text: major

text: ones

text: by

text: BCE

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: These

text: four

text: were

text: Vatsa

text: Avanti

text: Kosala

text: and

text: Magadha

text: The

text: Life

text: of

text: Gautam

text: Budhha

text: was

text: mainly

text: associated

text: with

text: these

text: four

text: kingdoms

question: Where was the Vajji confederation located?

answer: Vaishali

text: Vaishali

question: How early did the small republic states exist in India?

answer: 6th century BCE

text: 6th century BCE

question: Until what century did the republic states endure in India?

answer: 4th century CE

text: 4th century CE

question: In what language did the educated Indian speak?

answer: Sanskrit

text: Sanskrit

question: What was the general population's common language ?

answer: Prakrits

text: Prakrits


text: According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: done

text: by

text: Helmut

text: Fend

text: who

text: had

text: always

text: been

text: a

text: fierce

text: proponent

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: revealed

text: that

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: do

text: not

text: help

text: working

text: class

text: students

text: He

text: compared

text: alumni

text: of

text: the

text: tripartite

text: system

text: to

text: alumni

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: While

text: working

text: class

text: alumni

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: were

text: awarded

text: better

text: school

text: diplomas

text: at

text: age

text: they

text: held

text: similar

text: occupational

text: positions

text: as

text: working

text: class

text: alumni

text: of

text: the

text: tripartite

text: system

text: and

text: were

text: as

text: unlikely

text: to

text: graduate

text: from

text: college

question: Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools?

answer: Helmut Fend

text: Helmut Fend

question: To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?

answer: tripartite system

text: tripartite system

question: Who never conducted a study on comprehensive schools?

text: Helmut Fend

question: Who conducted a study on uncomprehensive schools?

text: Helmut Fend

question: To which system didn't Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?

text: tripartite system

question: To which system did Fend compare uncomprehensive school alumni?

text: tripartite system

question: To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school faculty?

text: tripartite system


text: In 1999, ILO helped lead the Worst Forms Convention 182 (C182), which has so far been signed upon and domestically ratified by 151 countries including the United States. This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as child trafficking, debt bondage, and forced labour, including forced recruitment of children into armed conflict. The law also prohibits the use of a child for prostitution or the production of pornography, child labour in illicit activities such as drug production and trafficking; and in hazardous work. Both the Worst Forms Convention (C182) and the Minimum Age Convention (C138) are examples of international labour standards implemented through the ILO that deal with child labour.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: ILO

text: helped

text: lead

text: the

text: Worst

text: Forms

text: Convention

text: which

text: has

text: so

text: far

text: been

text: signed

text: upon

text: and

text: domestically

text: ratified

text: by

text: countries

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: This

text: international

text: law

text: prohibits

text: worst

text: forms

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: defined

text: as

text: all

text: forms

text: of

text: slavery

text: and

text: slavery

text: like

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: child

text: trafficking

text: debt

text: bondage

text: and

text: forced

text: labour

text: including

text: forced

text: recruitment

text: of

text: children

text: into

text: armed

text: conflict

text: The

text: law

text: also

text: prohibits

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: child

text: for

text: prostitution

text: or

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: pornography

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: illicit

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: drug

text: production

text: and

text: trafficking

text: and

text: in

text: hazardous

text: work

text: Both

text: the

text: Worst

text: Forms

text: Convention

text: and

text: the

text: Minimum

text: Age

text: Convention

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: international

text: labour

text: standards

text: implemented

text: through

text: the

text: ILO

text: that

text: deal

text: with

text: child

text: labour

question: How many countries have signed the Worst Forms Convention 183 (C182)?

answer: 151

question: What types of child labour does this prohibit?

answer: all forms of slavery

text: all forms of slavery

question: What other international laws deal with child labour?

answer: Minimum Age Convention (C138)

text: Minimum Age Convention (C138)


text: In Norway, students having seen celebrations in Paris introduced Carnival processions, masked balls and Carnival balls to Christiana in the 1840s and 1850s. From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kunstnerkarneval" and "Karneval in Paris". The following year, Svendsens Festpolonaise was written for the opening procession. Edvard Grieg attended and wrote "aus dem Karneval" (folkelivsbilleder Op. 19). Since 1988, the student organization Tårnseilerne has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo, with masks, costumes and processions after attending an opera performance. The Carnival season also includes Fastelavens søndag (with cream buns) and fastelavensris with decorated branches.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: In

text: Norway

text: students

text: having

text: seen

text: celebrations

text: in

text: Paris

text: introduced

text: Carnival

text: processions

text: masked

text: balls

text: and

text: Carnival

text: balls

text: to

text: Christiana

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: From

text: the

text: artist

text: federation

text: kunstnerforeningen

text: held

text: annual

text: Carnival

text: balls

text: in

text: the

text: old

text: Freemasons

text: lodge

text: which

text: inspired

text: Johan

text: Svendsens

text: compositions

text: Norsk

text: Kunstnerkarneval

text: and

text: Karneval

text: in

text: Paris

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Svendsens

text: Festpolonaise

text: was

text: written

text: for

text: the

text: opening

text: procession

text: Edvard

text: Grieg

text: attended

text: and

text: wrote

text: aus

text: dem

text: Karneval

text: folkelivsbilleder

text: Op

text: Since

text: the

text: student

text: organization

text: Tårnseilerne

text: has

text: produced

text: annual

text: masquerade

text: balls

text: in

text: Oslo

text: with

text: masks

text: costumes

text: and

text: processions

text: after

text: attending

text: an

text: opera

text: performance

text: The

text: Carnival

text: season

text: also

text: includes

text: Fastelavens

text: søndag

text: with

text: cream

text: buns

text: and

text: fastelavensris

text: with

text: decorated

text: branches

question: Where did students in Norway originally see the celebrations?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Where did the artist federation hold their annual balls?

answer: in the old Freemasons lodge

text: in the old Freemasons lodge

question: Who composed the song "Karneval in Paris"?

answer: Johan Svendsens

text: Johan Svendsens

question: What organization has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo since 1988?

answer: Tårnseilerne

text: Tårnseilerne

question: When do the processions occur after?

answer: an opera performance

text: an opera performance


text: Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently. Some euphorbias have leafless, rounded bodies adapted to water conservation similar to those of globular cacti, but characters such as the structure of their flowers make it clear that the two groups are not closely related. The cladistic method takes a systematic approach to characters, distinguishing between those that carry no information about shared evolutionary history – such as those evolved separately in different groups (homoplasies) or those left over from ancestors (plesiomorphies) – and derived characters, which have been passed down from innovations in a shared ancestor (apomorphies). Only derived characters, such as the spine-producing areoles of cacti, provide evidence for descent from a common ancestor. The results of cladistic analyses are expressed as cladograms: tree-like diagrams showing the pattern of evolutionary branching and descent.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Judging

text: relationships

text: based

text: on

text: shared

text: characters

text: requires

text: care

text: since

text: plants

text: may

text: resemble

text: one

text: another

text: through

text: convergent

text: evolution

text: in

text: which

text: characters

text: have

text: arisen

text: independently

text: Some

text: euphorbias

text: have

text: leafless

text: rounded

text: bodies

text: adapted

text: to

text: water

text: conservation

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: globular

text: cacti

text: but

text: characters

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: their

text: flowers

text: make

text: it

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: groups

text: are

text: not

text: closely

text: related

text: The

text: cladistic

text: method

text: takes

text: a

text: systematic

text: approach

text: to

text: characters

text: distinguishing

text: between

text: those

text: that

text: carry

text: no

text: information

text: about

text: shared

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: evolved

text: separately

text: in

text: different

text: groups

text: homoplasies

text: or

text: those

text: left

text: over

text: from

text: ancestors

text: plesiomorphies

text: and

text: derived

text: characters

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: passed

text: down

text: from

text: innovations

text: in

text: a

text: shared

text: ancestor

text: apomorphies

text: Only

text: derived

text: characters

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: spine

text: producing

text: areoles

text: of

text: cacti

text: provide

text: evidence

text: for

text: descent

text: from

text: a

text: common

text: ancestor

text: The

text: results

text: of

text: cladistic

text: analyses

text: are

text: expressed

text: as

text: cladograms

text: tree

text: like

text: diagrams

text: showing

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: branching

text: and

text: descent

question: Why might two plants be similar but not actually be in the same group?

answer: convergent evolution

text: convergent evolution

question: How can two different plants acquire the same traits?

answer: arisen independently

text: arisen independently

question: What traits show a shared ancestry?

answer: derived characters

text: derived characters

question: How are common ancestries represented for plant families?

answer: tree-like diagrams

text: tree-like diagrams


text: Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens:

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Among

text: the

text: vast

text: varieties

text: of

text: microorganisms

text: relatively

text: few

text: cause

text: disease

text: in

text: otherwise

text: healthy

text: individuals

text: Infectious

text: disease

text: results

text: from

text: the

text: interplay

text: between

text: those

text: few

text: pathogens

text: and

text: the

text: defenses

text: of

text: the

text: hosts

text: they

text: infect

text: The

text: appearance

text: and

text: severity

text: of

text: disease

text: resulting

text: from

text: any

text: pathogen

text: depends

text: upon

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: that

text: pathogen

text: to

text: damage

text: the

text: host

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: pathogen

text: However

text: a

text: host

text: 's

text: immune

text: system

text: can

text: also

text: cause

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: itself

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: infection

text: Clinicians

text: therefore

text: classify

text: infectious

text: microorganisms

text: or

text: microbes

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: host

text: defenses

text: either

text: as

text: primary

text: pathogens

text: or

text: as

text: opportunistic

text: pathogens

question: Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals?

answer: relatively few

text: relatively few

question: Interplay between pathogens and defenses of hosts results in what?

answer: Infectious disease

text: Infectious disease

question: What does the severity of a disease resulting from a pathogen depend on?

answer: ability of that pathogen to damage the host

text: ability of that pathogen to damage the host

question: What can a host's immune system do to a host?

answer: cause damage

text: cause damage

question: What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of?

answer: host defenses

text: host defenses

question: How many microorganisms cause repair in otherwise healthy individuals?

text: relatively few

question: What is prevented by interplay between pathogens and attacks of hosts?

text: Infectious disease

question: What does the level of an achievement resulting from a pathogen depend on?

question: What can a host's immune system allow from a host?

text: cause damage

question: What do clinicians ignore the status of when they classify infectious microorganisms?

text: host defenses