text: In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1 the Americans garrison learned that the dragoons of General Stephen W. Kearney were at Warner's Ranch. Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain Archibald Gillespie to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under Andrés Pico. In the ensuing Battle of San Pasqual, fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's battered and blockaded command.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: went

text: to

text: war

text: against

text: Mexico

text: and

text: sent

text: a

text: naval

text: and

text: land

text: expedition

text: to

text: conquer

text: Alta

text: California

text: At

text: first

text: they

text: had

text: an

text: easy

text: time

text: of

text: it

text: capturing

text: the

text: major

text: ports

text: including

text: San

text: Diego

text: but

text: the

text: Californios

text: in

text: southern

text: Alta

text: California

text: struck

text: back

text: Following

text: the

text: successful

text: revolt

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: the

text: American

text: garrison

text: at

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: driven

text: out

text: without

text: firing

text: a

text: shot

text: in

text: early

text: October

text: Mexican

text: partisans

text: held

text: San

text: Diego

text: for

text: three

text: weeks

text: until

text: October

text: when

text: the

text: Americans

text: recaptured

text: it

text: For

text: the

text: next

text: several

text: months

text: the

text: Americans

text: were

text: blockaded

text: inside

text: the

text: pueblo

text: Skirmishes

text: occurred

text: daily

text: and

text: snipers

text: shot

text: into

text: the

text: town

text: every

text: night

text: The

text: Californios

text: drove

text: cattle

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: pueblo

text: hoping

text: to

text: starve

text: the

text: Americans

text: and

text: their

text: Californio

text: supporters

text: out

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Americans

text: garrison

text: learned

text: that

text: the

text: dragoons

text: of

text: General

text: Stephen

text: W.

text: Kearney

text: were

text: at

text: Warner

text: 's

text: Ranch

text: Commodore

text: Robert

text: F.

text: Stockton

text: sent

text: a

text: mounted

text: force

text: of

text: fifty

text: under

text: Captain

text: Archibald

text: Gillespie

text: to

text: march

text: north

text: to

text: meet

text: him

text: Their

text: joint

text: command

text: of

text: men

text: returning

text: to

text: San

text: Diego

text: encountered

text: about

text: Californios

text: under

text: Andrés

text: Pico

text: In

text: the

text: ensuing

text: Battle

text: of

text: San

text: Pasqual

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: San

text: Pasqual

text: Valley

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: the

text: Americans

text: suffered

text: their

text: worst

text: losses

text: in

text: the

text: campaign

text: Subsequently

text: a

text: column

text: led

text: by

text: Lieutenant

text: Gray

text: arrived

text: from

text: San

text: Diego

text: rescuing

text: Kearny

text: 's

text: battered

text: and

text: blockaded

text: command

question: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north?

answer: Commodore Robert F. Stockton

text: Commodore Robert F. Stockton

question: What battle took place in the San Pasqual Valley?

answer: Battle of San Pasqual

text: Battle of San Pasqual

question: Who led the group from San Diego that rescued Kearny's men?

answer: Lieutenant Gray

text: Lieutenant Gray

question: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Americans out of the pueblo?

answer: The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo

text: The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo

question: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Diego before it was recaptured by Americans?

answer: three weeks

text: three weeks

question: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 500 men on horseback to the north?

text: Commodore Robert F. Stockton

question: What battle took place in the San Francisco Valley?

text: Battle of San Pasqual

question: Who led the group from San Francisco that rescued Kearny's men?

text: Lieutenant Gray

question: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Natives out of the pueblo?

question: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Francisco before it was recaptured by Americans?

text: three weeks


text: Popular representations of John first began to emerge during the Tudor period, mirroring the revisionist histories of the time. The anonymous play The Troublesome Reign of King John portrayed the king as a "proto-Protestant martyr", similar to that shown in John Bale's morality play Kynge Johan, in which John attempts to save England from the "evil agents of the Roman Church". By contrast, Shakespeare's King John, a relatively anti-Catholic play that draws on The Troublesome Reign for its source material, offers a more "balanced, dual view of a complex monarch as both a proto-Protestant victim of Rome's machinations and as a weak, selfishly motivated ruler". Anthony Munday's play The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington portrays many of John's negative traits, but adopts a positive interpretation of the king's stand against the Roman Catholic Church, in line with the contemporary views of the Tudor monarchs. By the middle of the 17th century, plays such as Robert Davenport's King John and Matilda, although based largely on the earlier Elizabethan works, were transferring the role of Protestant champion to the barons and focusing more on the tyrannical aspects of John's behaviour.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Popular

text: representations

text: of

text: John

text: first

text: began

text: to

text: emerge

text: during

text: the

text: Tudor

text: period

text: mirroring

text: the

text: revisionist

text: histories

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: anonymous

text: play

text: The

text: Troublesome

text: Reign

text: of

text: King

text: John

text: portrayed

text: the

text: king

text: as

text: a

text: proto

text: Protestant

text: martyr

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: shown

text: in

text: John

text: Bale

text: 's

text: morality

text: play

text: Kynge

text: Johan

text: in

text: which

text: John

text: attempts

text: to

text: save

text: England

text: from

text: the

text: evil

text: agents

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Church

text: By

text: contrast

text: Shakespeare

text: 's

text: King

text: John

text: a

text: relatively

text: anti

text: Catholic

text: play

text: that

text: draws

text: on

text: The

text: Troublesome

text: Reign

text: for

text: its

text: source

text: material

text: offers

text: a

text: more

text: balanced

text: dual

text: view

text: of

text: a

text: complex

text: monarch

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: proto

text: Protestant

text: victim

text: of

text: Rome

text: 's

text: machinations

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: weak

text: selfishly

text: motivated

text: ruler

text: Anthony

text: Munday

text: 's

text: play

text: The

text: Downfall

text: and

text: The

text: Death

text: of

text: Robert

text: Earl

text: of

text: Huntington

text: portrays

text: many

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: negative

text: traits

text: but

text: adopts

text: a

text: positive

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: stand

text: against

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: the

text: contemporary

text: views

text: of

text: the

text: Tudor

text: monarchs

text: By

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: plays

text: such

text: as

text: Robert

text: Davenport

text: 's

text: King

text: John

text: and

text: Matilda

text: although

text: based

text: largely

text: on

text: the

text: earlier

text: Elizabethan

text: works

text: were

text: transferring

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Protestant

text: champion

text: to

text: the

text: barons

text: and

text: focusing

text: more

text: on

text: the

text: tyrannical

text: aspects

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: behaviour

question: When did popular representations of John begin to emerge?

answer: Tudor period

text: Tudor period

question: What was Anthony Munday's play?

answer: The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington

text: The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington

question: In The Troublesome Reign of King John, John portrayed the king as what?

answer: proto-Protestant martyr

text: proto-Protestant martyr


text: In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular. Two days later on 23 June, she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Hindustani, and acting as a clerk. Her family and retainers were appalled, and accused Abdul Karim of spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus. Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do." Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice. Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension on her death.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: celebrated

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: Golden

text: Jubilee

text: Victoria

text: marked

text: the

text: fiftieth

text: anniversary

text: of

text: her

text: accession

text: on

text: June

text: with

text: a

text: banquet

text: to

text: which

text: kings

text: and

text: princes

text: were

text: invited

text: The

text: following

text: day

text: she

text: participated

text: in

text: a

text: procession

text: and

text: attended

text: a

text: thanksgiving

text: service

text: in

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: Victoria

text: was

text: once

text: again

text: extremely

text: popular

text: Two

text: days

text: later

text: on

text: June

text: she

text: engaged

text: two

text: Indian

text: Muslims

text: as

text: waiters

text: one

text: of

text: whom

text: was

text: Abdul

text: Karim

text: He

text: was

text: soon

text: promoted

text: to

text: Munshi

text: teaching

text: her

text: Hindustani

text: and

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: clerk

text: Her

text: family

text: and

text: retainers

text: were

text: appalled

text: and

text: accused

text: Abdul

text: Karim

text: of

text: spying

text: for

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Patriotic

text: League

text: and

text: biasing

text: the

text: Queen

text: against

text: the

text: Hindus

text: Equerry

text: Frederick

text: Ponsonby

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Sir

text: Henry

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: Munshi

text: had

text: lied

text: about

text: his

text: parentage

text: and

text: reported

text: to

text: Lord

text: Elgin

text: Viceroy

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: Munshi

text: occupies

text: very

text: much

text: the

text: same

text: position

text: as

text: John

text: Brown

text: used

text: to

text: do

text: Victoria

text: dismissed

text: their

text: complaints

text: as

text: racial

text: prejudice

text: Abdul

text: Karim

text: remained

text: in

text: her

text: service

text: until

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: India

text: with

text: a

text: pension

text: on

text: her

text: death

question: How many kings and princes were invited to the Golden Jubilee?

answer: 50

question: What year anniversary does the Golden Jubilee celebrate?

answer: fiftieth anniversary

text: fiftieth anniversary

question: Who accused Karim of spying?

answer: Her family and retainers

text: Her family and retainers

question: What was Munshi lying about?

answer: his parentage

text: his parentage

question: What year was Victoria's Golden Jubilee held?

answer: 1887

question: What was the name of the waited that was promoted to Munshi?

answer: Abdul Karim

text: Abdul Karim

question: Whio was Equerry Frederick Ponsonby's father?

answer: Sir Henry

text: Sir Henry

question: Who discovered that Victoria's new Munshi lied about his parentage?

answer: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby

text: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby

question: Who did Ponsonby report the Munshis lies about his parentage to?

answer: Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India

text: Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India

question: When was Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee?

answer: 1887

question: What was Abdul Karim teaching Queen Victoria after his promotion?

answer: Hindustani

text: Hindustani

question: Who was Karim accused of spying for by Victoria's family?

answer: Muslim Patriotic League

text: Muslim Patriotic League

question: Who discovered that Karim had lied about his parentage to Victoria?

answer: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby

text: Equerry Frederick Ponsonby

question: What day did Queen Victoria celebrate her Golden Jubilee at a dinner with kings and queens from other nations?

answer: 20 June

text: 20 June

question: When was Victoria's Golden Jubilee?

answer: 1887

question: What is the point of the Golden Jubilee?

answer: the fiftieth anniversary of her accession

text: the fiftieth anniversary of her accession

question: Who was promoted from waiter to Munshi?

answer: Abdul Karim

text: Abdul Karim

question: Why did Victoria's family disapprove of Abdul Karim?

answer: spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus

text: spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus

question: How long was Karim in the Queen's employment?

answer: until he returned to India with a pension on her death

text: until he returned to India with a pension on her death

question: How many kings and princes weren't invited to the Golden Jubilee?

question: What year anniversary does the Silver Jubilee celebrate?

text: fiftieth anniversary

question: Who accused Karim of not spying?

text: Her family and retainers

question: What wasn't Munshi lying about?

text: his parentage

question: What year was Victoria's Silver Jubilee held?


text: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at synapses when an action potential activates them—neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell, and thereby alter the electrical or chemical properties of the receptor molecules. With few exceptions, each neuron in the brain releases the same chemical neurotransmitter, or combination of neurotransmitters, at all the synaptic connections it makes with other neurons; this rule is known as Dale's principle. Thus, a neuron can be characterized by the neurotransmitters that it releases. The great majority of psychoactive drugs exert their effects by altering specific neurotransmitter systems. This applies to drugs such as cannabinoids, nicotine, heroin, cocaine, alcohol, fluoxetine, chlorpromazine, and many others.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Neurotransmitters

text: are

text: chemicals

text: that

text: are

text: released

text: at

text: synapses

text: when

text: an

text: action

text: potential

text: activates

text: them

text: neurotransmitters

text: attach

text: themselves

text: to

text: receptor

text: molecules

text: on

text: the

text: membrane

text: of

text: the

text: synapse

text: 's

text: target

text: cell

text: and

text: thereby

text: alter

text: the

text: electrical

text: or

text: chemical

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: receptor

text: molecules

text: With

text: few

text: exceptions

text: each

text: neuron

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: releases

text: the

text: same

text: chemical

text: neurotransmitter

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: neurotransmitters

text: at

text: all

text: the

text: synaptic

text: connections

text: it

text: makes

text: with

text: other

text: neurons

text: this

text: rule

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Dale

text: 's

text: principle

text: Thus

text: a

text: neuron

text: can

text: be

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: neurotransmitters

text: that

text: it

text: releases

text: The

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: psychoactive

text: drugs

text: exert

text: their

text: effects

text: by

text: altering

text: specific

text: neurotransmitter

text: systems

text: This

text: applies

text: to

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: cannabinoids

text: nicotine

text: heroin

text: cocaine

text: alcohol

text: fluoxetine

text: chlorpromazine

text: and

text: many

text: others

question: Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at what part of the brain?

answer: synapses

text: synapses

question: What do neurotransmitters attach to?

answer: receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell

text: receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell

question: Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule?

answer: Dale's principle

text: Dale's principle


text: The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers. Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with Sassanid Persia, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century. The army doubled in size, and cavalry and smaller units replaced the legion as the main tactical unit. The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial, or landowning, class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns. More bureaucrats were needed in the central administration to deal with the needs of the army, which led to complaints from civilians that there were more tax-collectors in the empire than tax-payers.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: reached

text: its

text: greatest

text: territorial

text: extent

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: the

text: following

text: two

text: centuries

text: witnessed

text: the

text: slow

text: decline

text: of

text: Roman

text: control

text: over

text: its

text: outlying

text: territories

text: Economic

text: issues

text: including

text: inflation

text: and

text: external

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: frontiers

text: combined

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: century

text: politically

text: unstable

text: with

text: emperors

text: coming

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: rapidly

text: replaced

text: by

text: new

text: usurpers

text: Military

text: expenses

text: increased

text: steadily

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: mainly

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: Sassanid

text: Persia

text: which

text: revived

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: army

text: doubled

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: cavalry

text: and

text: smaller

text: units

text: replaced

text: the

text: legion

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: tactical

text: unit

text: The

text: need

text: for

text: revenue

text: led

text: to

text: increased

text: taxes

text: and

text: a

text: decline

text: in

text: numbers

text: of

text: the

text: curial

text: or

text: landowning

text: class

text: and

text: decreasing

text: numbers

text: of

text: them

text: willing

text: to

text: shoulder

text: the

text: burdens

text: of

text: holding

text: office

text: in

text: their

text: native

text: towns

text: More

text: bureaucrats

text: were

text: needed

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: administration

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: complaints

text: from

text: civilians

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: more

text: tax

text: collectors

text: in

text: the

text: empire

text: than

text: tax

text: payers

question: In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent?

answer: the 2nd century AD

text: the 2nd century AD

question: In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids?

answer: 3rd century

text: 3rd century

question: How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century?

answer: doubled

text: doubled

question: What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in?

answer: taxes

text: taxes

question: What is another term for the Roman landowning class?

answer: curial

text: curial


text: The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNESCO recognizes neither a Near East nor a Middle East, dividing the countries instead among three regions: Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Its division "does not forcibly reflect geography" but "refers to the execution of regional activities." The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) describes its entire theatre of operations as the Near East, but then assigns many of its members to other regions as well; for example, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey are in both the European and the Near Eastern regions. Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: formulates

text: multiple

text: regional

text: divisions

text: as

text: is

text: convenient

text: for

text: its

text: various

text: operations

text: But

text: few

text: of

text: them

text: include

text: a

text: Near

text: East

text: and

text: that

text: poorly

text: defined

text: UNICEF

text: recognizes

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: region

text: where

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: includes

text: Iran

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: UNESCO

text: recognizes

text: neither

text: a

text: Near

text: East

text: nor

text: a

text: Middle

text: East

text: dividing

text: the

text: countries

text: instead

text: among

text: three

text: regions

text: Arab

text: States

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Africa

text: Its

text: division

text: does

text: not

text: forcibly

text: reflect

text: geography

text: but

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: regional

text: activities

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Statistics

text: Division

text: defines

text: Western

text: Asia

text: to

text: contain

text: the

text: countries

text: included

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: Food

text: and

text: Agriculture

text: Organization

text: FAO

text: describes

text: its

text: entire

text: theatre

text: of

text: operations

text: as

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: but

text: then

text: assigns

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: to

text: other

text: regions

text: as

text: well

text: for

text: example

text: Cyprus

text: Malta

text: and

text: Turkey

text: are

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: European

text: and

text: the

text: Near

text: Eastern

text: regions

text: Its

text: total

text: area

text: extends

text: further

text: into

text: Central

text: Asia

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: most

text: agencies

question: Who formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations?

answer: The United Nations

text: The United Nations

question: Who recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region?

answer: UNICEF

text: UNICEF

question: The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain what?

answer: the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East

text: the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East

question: The Food and Agriculture Organization describes its entire theater of operations as what?

answer: the Near East

text: the Near East


text: In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: In

text: the

text: Italian

text: administration

text: launched

text: its

text: first

text: development

text: projects

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: colony

text: The

text: Eritrean

text: Railway

text: was

text: completed

text: to

text: Saati

text: in

text: and

text: reached

text: Asmara

text: in

text: the

text: highlands

text: in

text: The

text: Asmara

text: Massawa

text: Cableway

text: was

text: the

text: longest

text: line

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: during

text: its

text: time

text: but

text: was

text: later

text: dismantled

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Besides

text: major

text: infrastructural

text: projects

text: the

text: colonial

text: authorities

text: invested

text: significantly

text: in

text: the

text: agricultural

text: sector

text: It

text: also

text: oversaw

text: the

text: provision

text: of

text: urban

text: amenities

text: in

text: Asmara

text: and

text: Massawa

text: and

text: employed

text: many

text: Eritreans

text: in

text: public

text: service

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: police

text: and

text: public

text: works

text: departments

text: Thousands

text: of

text: Eritreans

text: were

text: concurrently

text: enlisted

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: serving

text: during

text: the

text: Italo

text: Turkish

text: War

text: in

text: Libya

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: second

text: Italo

text: Abyssinian

text: Wars

question: When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati?

answer: 1888

question: When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands?

answer: 1911

question: What was the longest line in the world during its time?

answer: The Asmara–Massawa Cableway

text: The Asmara–Massawa Cableway

question: Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway?

answer: the British

text: the British

question: In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed?

answer: police and public works departments

text: police and public works departments

question: In what year was the Asmara-Massawa Cableway completed?

question: In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start?

question: In what year did the First Italo-Abyssinian War start?

question: What nationality started the Italo-Turkish war?

text: Italian

question: Where did the Eritrean Railway originate?

text: Massawa


text: Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Only

text: the

text: Theravada

text: school

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: scriptures

text: in

text: its

text: canon

text: As

text: the

text: modern

text: Theravada

text: school

text: is

text: descended

text: from

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: that

text: diverged

text: and

text: established

text: itself

text: in

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: texts

text: debate

text: exists

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: the

text: Theravada

text: were

text: historically

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: hinayana

text: designation

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: this

text: label

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: derogatory

text: and

text: is

text: generally

text: avoided

question: What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?

answer: the Theravada

text: the Theravada

question: The modern Theravada school stablished itself in what country?

answer: Sri Lanka

text: Sri Lanka

question: What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory?

answer: hinayana

text: hinayana


text: Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Despite

text: occasional

text: theoretical

text: diversity

text: the

text: actual

text: practice

text: of

text: translation

text: has

text: hardly

text: changed

text: since

text: antiquity

text: Except

text: for

text: some

text: extreme

text: metaphrasers

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Christian

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: adapters

text: in

text: various

text: periods

text: especially

text: pre

text: Classical

text: Rome

text: and

text: the

text: century

text: translators

text: have

text: generally

text: shown

text: prudent

text: flexibility

text: in

text: seeking

text: equivalents

text: literal

text: where

text: possible

text: paraphrastic

text: where

text: necessary

text: for

text: the

text: original

text: meaning

text: and

text: other

text: crucial

text: values

text: e.g.

text: style

text: verse

text: form

text: concordance

text: with

text: musical

text: accompaniment

text: or

text: in

text: films

text: with

text: speech

text: articulatory

text: movements

text: as

text: determined

text: from

text: context

question: How much has translation changed since antiquity?

answer: hardly

text: hardly

question: What kind of diversity has the practice of translation had?

answer: theoretical

text: theoretical

question: When were there some extreme metaphrasers?

answer: early Christian period and the Middle Ages

text: early Christian period and the Middle Ages

question: What have general been prudent about?

answer: seeking equivalents

text: seeking equivalents

question: For crucial values, what type of values do translators use where possible?

answer: literal

text: literal

question: How much has translation stayed the same since antiquity?

text: hardly

question: What kind of segregation has the practice of translation had?

text: theoretical

question: When were there some minor metaphrasers?

question: What have translators generally been awful at doing?

text: seeking equivalents

question: What type of values do translators avoid where possible?

text: literal


text: Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context. For many other individuals, communities and countries, "black" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result is neither used nor defined.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Black

text: people

text: is

text: a

text: term

text: used

text: in

text: certain

text: countries

text: often

text: in

text: socially

text: based

text: systems

text: of

text: racial

text: classification

text: or

text: of

text: ethnicity

text: to

text: describe

text: persons

text: who

text: are

text: perceived

text: to

text: be

text: dark

text: skinned

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: given

text: populations

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: expression

text: varies

text: widely

text: both

text: between

text: and

text: within

text: societies

text: and

text: depends

text: significantly

text: on

text: context

text: For

text: many

text: other

text: individuals

text: communities

text: and

text: countries

text: black

text: is

text: also

text: perceived

text: as

text: a

text: derogatory

text: outdated

text: reductive

text: or

text: otherwise

text: unrepresentative

text: label

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: is

text: neither

text: used

text: nor

text: defined

question: Do some countries have negative feelings towards the word "black"?

answer: communities and countries, "black" is also perceived as a derogatory,

text: communities and countries, "black" is also perceived as a derogatory,

question: What is "black people" a term for?

answer: racial classification or of ethnicity

text: racial classification or of ethnicity

question: Do all regions perceive that term "black people" the same?

answer: the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies

text: the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies

question: Do some cultures not use the term "Black people"?

answer: , "black" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label,

text: , "black" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label,

question: Can the term "black people" have different meanings?

answer: the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context.

text: the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context.


text: Swayambhu is a Buddhist stupa atop a hillock at the northwestern part of the city. This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal. Although the site is considered Buddhist, it is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus. The stupa consists of a dome at the base; above the dome, there is a cubic structure with the eyes of Buddha looking in all four directions.[clarification needed] There are pentagonal Toran above each of the four sides, with statues engraved on them. Behind and above the torana there are thirteen tiers. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which lies a gajur.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Swayambhu

text: is

text: a

text: Buddhist

text: stupa

text: atop

text: a

text: hillock

text: at

text: the

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: This

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: oldest

text: religious

text: sites

text: in

text: Nepal

text: Although

text: the

text: site

text: is

text: considered

text: Buddhist

text: it

text: is

text: revered

text: by

text: both

text: Buddhists

text: and

text: Hindus

text: The

text: stupa

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: dome

text: at

text: the

text: base

text: above

text: the

text: dome

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: cubic

text: structure

text: with

text: the

text: eyes

text: of

text: Buddha

text: looking

text: in

text: all

text: four

text: directions.[clarification

text: needed

text: There

text: are

text: pentagonal

text: Toran

text: above

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: sides

text: with

text: statues

text: engraved

text: on

text: them

text: Behind

text: and

text: above

text: the

text: torana

text: there

text: are

text: thirteen

text: tiers

text: Above

text: all

text: the

text: tiers

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: small

text: space

text: above

text: which

text: lies

text: a

text: gajur

question: In what part of Kathmandu is Swayambhu located?

answer: northwestern

text: northwestern

question: What faith does Swayambhu belong to?

answer: Buddhist

text: Buddhist

question: Other than Buddhists, who worships at Swayambhu?

answer: Hindus

text: Hindus

question: In how many directions does the Buddha of Swayambhu look?

answer: four

text: four

question: In Swayambhu, what is present in the small area above the tiers?

answer: gajur

text: gajur


text: Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: military

text: embarkation

text: including

text: during

text: century

text: wars

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: the

text: Crimean

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: Boer

text: War

text: Southampton

text: was

text: designated

text: No

text: Military

text: Embarkation

text: port

text: during

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: centre

text: for

text: treating

text: the

text: returning

text: wounded

text: and

text: POWs

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: preparations

text: for

text: the

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

question: What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?

answer: embarkation

text: embarkation

question: In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?

answer: the Crimean war

text: the Crimean war

question: What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port?

answer: the Great War

text: the Great War

question: What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment?

answer: POWs

text: POWs

question: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?

answer: 1944


text: The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States. The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: a

text: rich

text: history

text: in

text: ballet

text: with

text: five

text: Native

text: American

text: ballerinas

text: attaining

text: worldwide

text: fame

text: These

text: were

text: Yvonne

text: Chouteau

text: sisters

text: Marjorie

text: and

text: Maria

text: Tallchief

text: Rosella

text: Hightower

text: and

text: Moscelyne

text: Larkin

text: known

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: Five

text: Moons

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: rates

text: the

text: Tulsa

text: Ballet

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: ballet

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Ballet

text: and

text: University

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: dance

text: program

text: were

text: formed

text: by

text: ballerina

text: Yvonne

text: Chouteau

text: and

text: husband

text: Miguel

text: Terekhov

text: The

text: University

text: program

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: fully

text: accredited

text: program

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: How many famous Native American ballerinas came from Oklahoma?

answer: five

text: five

question: What are Oklahoma's Native American ballerinas called?

answer: the Five Moons

text: the Five Moons

question: What ballerina started the Oklahoma City Ballet?

answer: Yvonne Chouteau

text: Yvonne Chouteau

question: When did the University of Oklahoma's dance program begin?

answer: 1962

question: Which sisters were in the Five Moons?

answer: Marjorie and Maria Tallchief

text: Marjorie and Maria Tallchief


text: In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel's neighbors. The following year, Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel, and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The PLO also recognized Israel's right to exist and pledged an end to terrorism. In 1994, the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel. Arab public support for the Accords was damaged by the continuation of Israeli settlements and checkpoints, and the deterioration of economic conditions. Israeli public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by Palestinian suicide attacks. Finally, while leaving a peace rally in November 1995, Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a far-right-wing Jew who opposed the Accords.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: In

text: Yitzhak

text: Rabin

text: became

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: following

text: an

text: election

text: in

text: which

text: his

text: party

text: called

text: for

text: compromise

text: with

text: Israel

text: 's

text: neighbors

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Shimon

text: Peres

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: Israel

text: and

text: Mahmoud

text: Abbas

text: for

text: the

text: PLO

text: signed

text: the

text: Oslo

text: Accords

text: which

text: gave

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: National

text: Authority

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: govern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: The

text: PLO

text: also

text: recognized

text: Israel

text: 's

text: right

text: to

text: exist

text: and

text: pledged

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: terrorism

text: In

text: the

text: Israel

text: Jordan

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Peace

text: was

text: signed

text: making

text: Jordan

text: the

text: second

text: Arab

text: country

text: to

text: normalize

text: relations

text: with

text: Israel

text: Arab

text: public

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Accords

text: was

text: damaged

text: by

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: Israeli

text: settlements

text: and

text: checkpoints

text: and

text: the

text: deterioration

text: of

text: economic

text: conditions

text: Israeli

text: public

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Accords

text: waned

text: as

text: Israel

text: was

text: struck

text: by

text: Palestinian

text: suicide

text: attacks

text: Finally

text: while

text: leaving

text: a

text: peace

text: rally

text: in

text: November

text: Yitzhak

text: Rabin

text: was

text: assassinated

text: by

text: a

text: far

text: right

text: wing

text: Jew

text: who

text: opposed

text: the

text: Accords

question: Who became the Prime Minister in 1992?

answer: Yitzhak Rabin

text: Yitzhak Rabin

question: When was the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace signed?

answer: 1994

question: When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated?

answer: November 1995

text: November 1995


text: In late 2006[update], Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: In

text: late

text: Dell

text: lost

text: its

text: lead

text: in

text: the

text: PC

text: business

text: to

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: Both

text: Gartner

text: and

text: IDC

text: estimated

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: quarter

text: of

text: HP

text: shipped

text: more

text: units

text: worldwide

text: than

text: Dell

text: did

text: Dell

text: 's

text: growth

text: paled

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: HP

text: 's

text: growth

text: during

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: The

text: problem

text: got

text: worse

text: in

text: the

text: fourth

text: quarter

text: when

text: Gartner

text: estimated

text: that

text: Dell

text: PC

text: shipments

text: declined

text: versus

text: HP

text: 's

text: growth

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Dell

text: 's

text: overall

text: PC

text: market

text: share

text: stood

text: at

text: versus

text: HP

text: 's

question: What year did Dell lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?

answer: 2006

question: What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2006?

answer: 15%

question: What was the rate of decline that Dell experienced in PC shipments?

answer: 8.9%

question: What was Dell's market share at the end of 2006?

answer: 13.9%

question: What year did IBM lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?

question: What year did Dell gain its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?

question: What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2007?

question: What was the rate of growth that Dell experienced in PC shipments?

question: What was Dell's market share at the end of 2005?


text: In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of "international pariah". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: In

text: Gaddafi

text: dissolved

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: socialist

text: state

text: the

text: Jamahiriya

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: masses

text: Officially

text: adopting

text: a

text: symbolic

text: role

text: in

text: governance

text: he

text: retained

text: power

text: as

text: military

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Committees

text: responsible

text: for

text: policing

text: and

text: suppressing

text: opponents

text: Overseeing

text: unsuccessful

text: border

text: conflicts

text: with

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Chad

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: support

text: for

text: foreign

text: militants

text: and

text: alleged

text: responsibility

text: for

text: the

text: Lockerbie

text: bombing

text: led

text: to

text: Libya

text: 's

text: label

text: of

text: international

text: pariah

text: A

text: particularly

text: hostile

text: relationship

text: developed

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: bombing

text: of

text: Libya

text: and

text: United

text: Nations

text: imposed

text: economic

text: sanctions

text: Rejecting

text: his

text: earlier

text: ideological

text: commitments

text: from

text: Gaddafi

text: encouraged

text: economic

text: privatization

text: and

text: sought

text: rapprochement

text: with

text: Western

text: nations

text: also

text: embracing

text: Pan

text: Africanism

text: and

text: helping

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: Amid

text: the

text: Arab

text: Spring

text: in

text: an

text: anti

text: Gaddafist

text: uprising

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Transitional

text: Council

text: NTC

text: broke

text: out

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Libyan

text: Civil

text: War

text: NATO

text: intervened

text: militarily

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: NTC

text: bringing

text: about

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: downfall

text: Retreating

text: to

text: Sirte

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: captured

text: and

text: killed

text: by

text: NTC

text: militants

question: What does "Jamahiriya" mean?

answer: state of the masses

text: state of the masses

question: What was Gaddafi's role in jamahiriya?

answer: he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents

text: he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents

question: List two reasons why Libya become an "international pariah."

answer: Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing

text: Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing

question: Name two significant events in 1986 that demonstrated the world's view of Libya.

answer: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions

text: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions

question: What was Libya's socialist government called?

answer: Jamahiriya ("state of the masses")

text: Jamahiriya ("state of the masses")

question: Why did Libya become an "international pariah"?

answer: Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing

text: Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing

question: How did the world respond to Libya in 1986?

answer: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions.

text: U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions.

question: How did Gaddafi lose power?

answer: an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War

text: an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War

question: How did Gaddafi die?

answer: Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.

text: Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.

question: What does the term Jamahiriya mean in English?

answer: state of the masses

text: state of the masses

question: In what year did Gaddafi found the Jamahiriya?

answer: 1977

question: Along with Egypt, what nation did Libya have border issues with in this era?

answer: Chad

text: Chad

question: What terrorist bombing was Gaddafi's Libya supposedly involved in?

answer: Lockerbie

text: Lockerbie

question: In what year did the United states bomb Libya?

answer: 1986


text: Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th Century. According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion "Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary."

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Ephesus

text: is

text: a

text: cultic

text: centre

text: of

text: Mary

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Church

text: dedicated

text: to

text: her

text: and

text: the

text: rumoured

text: place

text: of

text: her

text: death

text: Ephesus

text: was

text: previously

text: a

text: centre

text: for

text: worship

text: of

text: Artemis

text: a

text: virgin

text: goddess

text: The

text: Temple

text: of

text: Artemis

text: at

text: Ephesus

text: being

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Wonders

text: of

text: the

text: Ancient

text: World

text: The

text: cult

text: of

text: Mary

text: was

text: furthered

text: by

text: Queen

text: Theodora

text: in

text: the

text: Century

text: According

text: to

text: William

text: E.

text: Phipps

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Survivals

text: of

text: Roman

text: Religion

text: Gordon

text: Laing

text: argues

text: convincingly

text: that

text: the

text: worship

text: of

text: Artemis

text: as

text: both

text: virgin

text: and

text: mother

text: at

text: the

text: grand

text: Ephesian

text: temple

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: veneration

text: of

text: Mary

question: Where is the site of the first Church dedicated to Mary?

answer: Ephesus

text: Ephesus

question: Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary?

answer: Artemis

text: Artemis

question: Who was the author of the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion?"

answer: William E. Phipps

text: William E. Phipps

question: Which Queen furthered the cult of Mary in the 6th Century?

answer: Queen Theodora

text: Queen Theodora

question: Where was Mary rumored to have died?

answer: Ephesus

text: Ephesus

question: Where was the place of Artemis' death?

text: Ephesus

question: In what century did Queen Theodora meet Gordon Laing?

text: the 6th Century

question: Who read the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion"?

text: Gordon Laing

question: What Queen regarded The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?

text: Queen Theodora

question: Where is the birthplace of Artemis?

text: Ephesus


text: Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the Future" list as a "Future Best City" for biking, and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. The bikeshare program called Hubway launched in late July 2011, logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season. The neighboring municipalities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline joined the Hubway program in summer 2012.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Between

text: and

text: Bicycling

text: magazine

text: named

text: Boston

text: three

text: times

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: worst

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: for

text: cycling

text: regardless

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: rates

text: of

text: bicycle

text: commuting

text: In

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: improvements

text: made

text: to

text: bicycling

text: conditions

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: same

text: magazine

text: put

text: Boston

text: on

text: its

text: Five

text: for

text: the

text: Future

text: list

text: as

text: a

text: Future

text: Best

text: City

text: for

text: biking

text: and

text: Boston

text: 's

text: bicycle

text: commuting

text: percentage

text: increased

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: The

text: bikeshare

text: program

text: called

text: Hubway

text: launched

text: in

text: late

text: July

text: logging

text: more

text: than

text: rides

text: before

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: its

text: first

text: season

text: The

text: neighboring

text: municipalities

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: Somerville

text: and

text: Brookline

text: joined

text: the

text: Hubway

text: program

text: in

text: summer

question: Bicycling magazine named Boston one of the worst cities in the US for what?

answer: cycling

text: cycling

question: What magazine put Boston on its Future best City For Biking list?

answer: Bicycling magazine

text: Bicycling magazine

question: What is the name of the bike share program in Boston?

answer: Hubway

text: Hubway

question: What year did Hubway launch?

answer: 2011

question: How many rides did Hubway log in its first year?

answer: more than 140,000

text: more than 140,000


text: The CIA established its first training facility, the Office of Training and Education, in 1950. Following the end of the Cold War, the CIA's training budget was slashed, which had a negative effect on employee retention. In response, Director of Central Intelligence George Tenet established CIA University in 2002. CIA University holds between 200 and 300 courses each year, training both new hires and experienced intelligence officers, as well as CIA support staff. The facility works in partnership with the National Intelligence University, and includes the Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis, the Directorate of Analysis' component of the university.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: The

text: CIA

text: established

text: its

text: first

text: training

text: facility

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Training

text: and

text: Education

text: in

text: Following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: the

text: CIA

text: 's

text: training

text: budget

text: was

text: slashed

text: which

text: had

text: a

text: negative

text: effect

text: on

text: employee

text: retention

text: In

text: response

text: Director

text: of

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: George

text: Tenet

text: established

text: CIA

text: University

text: in

text: CIA

text: University

text: holds

text: between

text: and

text: courses

text: each

text: year

text: training

text: both

text: new

text: hires

text: and

text: experienced

text: intelligence

text: officers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: CIA

text: support

text: staff

text: The

text: facility

text: works

text: in

text: partnership

text: with

text: the

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: University

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: Sherman

text: Kent

text: School

text: for

text: Intelligence

text: Analysis

text: the

text: Directorate

text: of

text: Analysis

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: university

question: In what year did the CIA establish its first training facility?

answer: 1950

question: What was the name of the first training facility that was established by the CIA?

answer: the Office of Training and Education

text: the Office of Training and Education

question: What event decreased the CIA's training budget?

answer: the Cold War

text: the Cold War

question: Who was the Director of Central Intelligence in 2002?

answer: George Tenet

text: George Tenet

question: How many annual courses does the CIA University have?

answer: between 200 and 300

text: between 200 and 300


text: There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military. The free civilian service has a 10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s. The restricted military service has a location accuracy of 10 centimetres, can be used for communication, and will supply information about the system status to the user. To date, the military service has been granted only to the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: service

text: provided

text: a

text: free

text: service

text: to

text: civilians

text: and

text: licensed

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: and

text: military

text: The

text: free

text: civilian

text: service

text: has

text: a

text: location

text: tracking

text: accuracy

text: synchronizes

text: clocks

text: with

text: an

text: accuracy

text: of

text: nanoseconds

text: and

text: measures

text: speeds

text: to

text: within

text: m

text: s

text: The

text: restricted

text: military

text: service

text: has

text: a

text: location

text: accuracy

text: of

text: centimetres

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: communication

text: and

text: will

text: supply

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: system

text: status

text: to

text: the

text: user

text: To

text: date

text: the

text: military

text: service

text: has

text: been

text: granted

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Army

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Military

text: of

text: Pakistan

question: What types of services will be offered by the BeiDou system?

answer: a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military

text: a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military

question: What is the range of accuracy for the free service offered to civilians?

answer: 10-meter location-tracking accuracy

text: 10-meter location-tracking accuracy

question: What is the range of accuracy for the licensed service used by Chinese government and military?

answer: 10 centimetres

text: 10 centimetres

question: As of right now, who uses the licensed military service?

answer: the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan

text: the People's Liberation Army and to the Military of Pakistan

question: What is something the licensed military service can be used for?

answer: communication

text: communication

question: Aside from the charged service to civilians, what is the other level of service provided?

question: Aside from the licensed service to Japanese civilians, what is the other level of service provided?

text: free service to civilians

question: The paid civilian service offers which features?

question: The service licensed to Japanese government has a location accuracy of what?

text: 10 centimetres

question: The paid civilian service has a location tracking accuracy of how many meters?


text: Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the same species, they also spread pollen from plants on which they have previously fed. This greatly increases plants' ability to cross-pollinate, which maintains and possibly even improves their evolutionary fitness. This ultimately affects humans since ensuring healthy crops is critical to agriculture. As well as pollination ants help with seed distribution of plants. This helps to spread the plants which increases plant diversity. This leads to an overall better environment. A serious environmental problem is the decline of populations of pollinator insects, and a number of species of insects are now cultured primarily for pollination management in order to have sufficient pollinators in the field, orchard or greenhouse at bloom time.:240–243 Another solution, as shown in Delaware, has been to raise native plants to help support native pollinators like L. vierecki. Insects also produce useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer and silk. Honey bees have been cultured by humans for thousands of years for honey, although contracting for crop pollination is becoming more significant for beekeepers. The silkworm has greatly affected human history, as silk-driven trade established relationships between China and the rest of the world.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Although

text: pest

text: insects

text: attract

text: the

text: most

text: attention

text: many

text: insects

text: are

text: beneficial

text: to

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: to

text: humans

text: Some

text: insects

text: like

text: wasps

text: bees

text: butterflies

text: and

text: ants

text: pollinate

text: flowering

text: plants

text: Pollination

text: is

text: a

text: mutualistic

text: relationship

text: between

text: plants

text: and

text: insects

text: As

text: insects

text: gather

text: nectar

text: from

text: different

text: plants

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: they

text: also

text: spread

text: pollen

text: from

text: plants

text: on

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: previously

text: fed

text: This

text: greatly

text: increases

text: plants

text: ability

text: to

text: cross

text: pollinate

text: which

text: maintains

text: and

text: possibly

text: even

text: improves

text: their

text: evolutionary

text: fitness

text: This

text: ultimately

text: affects

text: humans

text: since

text: ensuring

text: healthy

text: crops

text: is

text: critical

text: to

text: agriculture

text: As

text: well

text: as

text: pollination

text: ants

text: help

text: with

text: seed

text: distribution

text: of

text: plants

text: This

text: helps

text: to

text: spread

text: the

text: plants

text: which

text: increases

text: plant

text: diversity

text: This

text: leads

text: to

text: an

text: overall

text: better

text: environment

text: A

text: serious

text: environmental

text: problem

text: is

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: populations

text: of

text: pollinator

text: insects

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: insects

text: are

text: now

text: cultured

text: primarily

text: for

text: pollination

text: management

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: have

text: sufficient

text: pollinators

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: orchard

text: or

text: greenhouse

text: at

text: bloom

text: Another

text: solution

text: as

text: shown

text: in

text: Delaware

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: raise

text: native

text: plants

text: to

text: help

text: support

text: native

text: pollinators

text: like

text: L.

text: vierecki

text: Insects

text: also

text: produce

text: useful

text: substances

text: such

text: as

text: honey

text: wax

text: lacquer

text: and

text: silk

text: Honey

text: bees

text: have

text: been

text: cultured

text: by

text: humans

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: for

text: honey

text: although

text: contracting

text: for

text: crop

text: pollination

text: is

text: becoming

text: more

text: significant

text: for

text: beekeepers

text: The

text: silkworm

text: has

text: greatly

text: affected

text: human

text: history

text: as

text: silk

text: driven

text: trade

text: established

text: relationships

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: What kind of insects attract the most attention from humans?

answer: pest insects

text: pest insects

question: Many insects are what to the environment?

answer: beneficial

text: beneficial

question: What do bees, wasps, butterflies, and ants do to flowers?

answer: pollinate

text: pollinate

question: What do insects gather from plants?

answer: nectar

text: nectar

question: What kind of environmental problem would occur without pollination?

answer: serious

text: serious


text: It established a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Two years later, a flotilla of seven ships left England under the Company's Admiral, Sir George Somers, and the new Governor of Jamestown, Sir Thomas Gates, with several hundred settlers, food and supplies to relieve the colony of Jamestown. Somers had previous experience sailing with both Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh. The flotilla was broken up by a storm. As the flagship, the Sea Venture, was taking on water, Somers drove it onto Bermuda's reef and gained the shores safely with smaller boats – all 150 passengers and a dog survived. (William Shakespeare's play The Tempest, in which the character Ariel refers to the "still-vex'd Bermoothes" (I.ii.229), is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey's account of this shipwreck.) They stayed 10 months, starting a new settlement and building two small ships to sail to Jamestown. The island was claimed for the English Crown, and the charter of the Virginia Company was later extended to include it.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: It

text: established

text: a

text: colony

text: at

text: Jamestown

text: Virginia

text: in

text: Two

text: years

text: later

text: a

text: flotilla

text: of

text: seven

text: ships

text: left

text: England

text: under

text: the

text: Company

text: 's

text: Admiral

text: Sir

text: George

text: Somers

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: Governor

text: of

text: Jamestown

text: Sir

text: Thomas

text: Gates

text: with

text: several

text: hundred

text: settlers

text: food

text: and

text: supplies

text: to

text: relieve

text: the

text: colony

text: of

text: Jamestown

text: Somers

text: had

text: previous

text: experience

text: sailing

text: with

text: both

text: Sir

text: Francis

text: Drake

text: and

text: Sir

text: Walter

text: Raleigh

text: The

text: flotilla

text: was

text: broken

text: up

text: by

text: a

text: storm

text: As

text: the

text: flagship

text: the

text: Sea

text: Venture

text: was

text: taking

text: on

text: water

text: Somers

text: drove

text: it

text: onto

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: reef

text: and

text: gained

text: the

text: shores

text: safely

text: with

text: smaller

text: boats

text: all

text: passengers

text: and

text: a

text: dog

text: survived

text: William

text: Shakespeare

text: 's

text: play

text: The

text: Tempest

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: character

text: Ariel

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: still

text: vex'd

text: Bermoothes

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: inspired

text: by

text: William

text: Strachey

text: 's

text: account

text: of

text: this

text: shipwreck

text: They

text: stayed

text: months

text: starting

text: a

text: new

text: settlement

text: and

text: building

text: two

text: small

text: ships

text: to

text: sail

text: to

text: Jamestown

text: The

text: island

text: was

text: claimed

text: for

text: the

text: English

text: Crown

text: and

text: the

text: charter

text: of

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Company

text: was

text: later

text: extended

text: to

text: include

text: it

question: Sir George Somers embarked on a mission to do what?

answer: relieve the colony of Jamestown

text: relieve the colony of Jamestown

question: The devastating wreck of the flotilla is said to have inspired what playwrite?

answer: William Shakespeare

text: William Shakespeare

question: How long did Sommer's settlers stay in Bermuda?

answer: 10 months

text: 10 months

question: Who did Sommer's claim the island for?

answer: the English Crown

text: the English Crown

question: What was established in 1706?

text: a colony at Jamestown, Virginia

question: Where was a colony established in 1706?

text: Jamestown, Virginia

question: Who was Sir Thomas Somers?

text: Governor of Jamestown

question: Who was Sir George Gates?

text: Company's Admiral

question: What did 229 passengers and a dog survive?

text: flotilla was broken up by a storm


text: On 21 May, Amer asked Nasser to order the Straits of Tiran blockaded, a move Nasser believed Israel would use as a casus belli. Amer reassured him that the army was prepared for confrontation, but Nasser doubted Amer's assessment of the military's readiness. According to Nasser's vice president Zakaria Mohieddin, although "Amer had absolute authority over the armed forces, Nasser had his ways of knowing what was really going on". Moreover, Amer anticipated an impending Israeli attack and advocated a preemptive strike. Nasser refused the call upon determination that the air force lacked pilots and Amer's handpicked officers were incompetent. Still, Nasser concluded that if Israel attacked, Egypt's quantitative advantage in manpower and arms could stave off Israeli forces for at least two weeks, allowing for diplomacy towards a ceasefire. Towards the end of May, Nasser increasingly exchanged his positions of deterrence for deference to the inevitability of war, under increased pressure to act by both the general Arab populace and various Arab governments. On 26 May Nasser declared, "our basic objective will be to destroy Israel". On 30 May, King Hussein committed Jordan in an alliance with Egypt and Syria.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: On

text: May

text: Amer

text: asked

text: Nasser

text: to

text: order

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Tiran

text: blockaded

text: a

text: move

text: Nasser

text: believed

text: Israel

text: would

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: casus

text: belli

text: Amer

text: reassured

text: him

text: that

text: the

text: army

text: was

text: prepared

text: for

text: confrontation

text: but

text: Nasser

text: doubted

text: Amer

text: 's

text: assessment

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: 's

text: readiness

text: According

text: to

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: vice

text: president

text: Zakaria

text: Mohieddin

text: although

text: Amer

text: had

text: absolute

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: Nasser

text: had

text: his

text: ways

text: of

text: knowing

text: what

text: was

text: really

text: going

text: on

text: Moreover

text: Amer

text: anticipated

text: an

text: impending

text: Israeli

text: attack

text: and

text: advocated

text: a

text: preemptive

text: strike

text: Nasser

text: refused

text: the

text: call

text: upon

text: determination

text: that

text: the

text: air

text: force

text: lacked

text: pilots

text: and

text: Amer

text: 's

text: handpicked

text: officers

text: were

text: incompetent

text: Still

text: Nasser

text: concluded

text: that

text: if

text: Israel

text: attacked

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: quantitative

text: advantage

text: in

text: manpower

text: and

text: arms

text: could

text: stave

text: off

text: Israeli

text: forces

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: weeks

text: allowing

text: for

text: diplomacy

text: towards

text: a

text: ceasefire

text: Towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: May

text: Nasser

text: increasingly

text: exchanged

text: his

text: positions

text: of

text: deterrence

text: for

text: deference

text: to

text: the

text: inevitability

text: of

text: war

text: under

text: increased

text: pressure

text: to

text: act

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: general

text: Arab

text: populace

text: and

text: various

text: Arab

text: governments

text: On

text: May

text: Nasser

text: declared

text: our

text: basic

text: objective

text: will

text: be

text: to

text: destroy

text: Israel

text: On

text: May

text: King

text: Hussein

text: committed

text: Jordan

text: in

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Syria

question: What thoroughfare did Amir want Nasser to block?

answer: Straits of Tiran

text: Straits of Tiran

question: Who was Nassir's vice president?

answer: Zakaria Mohieddin

text: Zakaria Mohieddin

question: How would Nassir deal with an Israeli invasion, if it happened?

answer: diplomacy towards a ceasefire

text: diplomacy towards a ceasefire

question: What country joined Egypt and Syria against Israel?

answer: Jordan

text: Jordan


text: The Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Cannae and using artillery offensively whenever possible. Rather than advancing in a column or line formation, Prussian infantry moved in small groups that were harder to target by artillery or French defensive fire. The sheer number of soldiers available made encirclement en masse and destruction of French formations relatively easy.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Prussian

text: Army

text: was

text: composed

text: not

text: of

text: regulars

text: but

text: conscripts

text: Service

text: was

text: compulsory

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: men

text: of

text: military

text: age

text: and

text: thus

text: Prussia

text: and

text: its

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: German

text: allies

text: could

text: mobilise

text: and

text: field

text: some

text: soldiers

text: in

text: time

text: of

text: war

text: German

text: tactics

text: emphasised

text: encirclement

text: battles

text: like

text: Cannae

text: and

text: using

text: artillery

text: offensively

text: whenever

text: possible

text: Rather

text: than

text: advancing

text: in

text: a

text: column

text: or

text: line

text: formation

text: Prussian

text: infantry

text: moved

text: in

text: small

text: groups

text: that

text: were

text: harder

text: to

text: target

text: by

text: artillery

text: or

text: French

text: defensive

text: fire

text: The

text: sheer

text: number

text: of

text: soldiers

text: available

text: made

text: encirclement

text: en

text: masse

text: and

text: destruction

text: of

text: French

text: formations

text: relatively

text: easy

question: What was the Prussian Army composed of, instead of regulars?

answer: conscripts

text: conscripts

question: Service was mandatory for all men sharing which feature?

answer: of military age

text: of military age

question: Together, Prussia and Germany expected to amass how many soldiers?

answer: 1,000,000

question: German tactics relied on what type of battle strategy?

answer: encirclement battles

text: encirclement battles

question: What is an example of a German encirclement battle?

answer: Cannae

text: Cannae


text: Carnaval de Solsona takes place in Solsona, Lleida. It is one of the longest; free events in the streets, and nightly concerts run for more than a week. The Carnival is known for a legend that explains how a donkey was hung at the tower bell − because the animal wanted to eat grass that grew on the top of the tower. To celebrate this legend, locals hang a stuffed donkey at the tower that "pisses" above the excited crowd using a water pump. This event is the most important and takes place on Saturday night. For this reason, the inhabitants are called "matarrucs" ("donkey killers").

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Carnaval

text: de

text: Solsona

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: Solsona

text: Lleida

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: free

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: streets

text: and

text: nightly

text: concerts

text: run

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: week

text: The

text: Carnival

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: a

text: legend

text: that

text: explains

text: how

text: a

text: donkey

text: was

text: hung

text: at

text: the

text: tower

text: bell

text: because

text: the

text: animal

text: wanted

text: to

text: eat

text: grass

text: that

text: grew

text: on

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: tower

text: To

text: celebrate

text: this

text: legend

text: locals

text: hang

text: a

text: stuffed

text: donkey

text: at

text: the

text: tower

text: that

text: pisses

text: above

text: the

text: excited

text: crowd

text: using

text: a

text: water

text: pump

text: This

text: event

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: takes

text: place

text: on

text: Saturday

text: night

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: are

text: called

text: matarrucs

text: donkey

text: killers

question: What is one of the longest free events in the streets?

answer: Carnaval de Solsona

text: Carnaval de Solsona

question: How long can the nightly concerts run for?

answer: more than a week

text: more than a week

question: What was a donkey hung from according to local legend?

answer: the tower bell

text: the tower bell

question: How does the donkey piss on the crowd below?

answer: water pump

text: water pump

question: What does "matarrucs" mean?

answer: donkey killers

text: donkey killers


text: Southampton is divided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and other less formal areas. It has a number of parks and green spaces, the largest being the 148 hectare Southampton Common, parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common includes Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre on the former site of Southampton Zoo, a paddling pool and several lakes and ponds.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: council

text: wards

text: suburbs

text: constituencies

text: ecclesiastical

text: parishes

text: and

text: other

text: less

text: formal

text: areas

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: parks

text: and

text: green

text: spaces

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: the

text: hectare

text: Southampton

text: Common

text: parts

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: annual

text: summer

text: festivals

text: circuses

text: and

text: fun

text: fairs

text: The

text: Common

text: includes

text: Hawthorns

text: Urban

text: Wildlife

text: Centre

text: on

text: the

text: former

text: site

text: of

text: Southampton

text: Zoo

text: a

text: paddling

text: pool

text: and

text: several

text: lakes

text: and

text: ponds

question: What's the largest park in Southampton?

answer: Southampton Common

text: Southampton Common

question: How many hectares is Southampton Common?

answer: 148

question: What wildlife center is located in Southampton Common?

answer: Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre

text: Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre

question: What related attraction was at the same site before the Urban Wildlife Centre?

answer: Southampton Zoo

text: Southampton Zoo


text: In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the United States, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile, which controlled the petroleum-rich Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina. In Japan, the government and nationalists viewed these embargos as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy, let alone its military, would grind to a halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists,[nb 10] began to refer to the embargoes as the "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch") encirclement" or "ABCD line".

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: In

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: discourage

text: Japanese

text: militarism

text: Western

text: powers

text: including

text: Australia

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: government

text: in

text: exile

text: which

text: controlled

text: the

text: petroleum

text: rich

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indies

text: stopped

text: selling

text: oil

text: iron

text: ore

text: and

text: steel

text: to

text: Japan

text: denying

text: it

text: the

text: raw

text: materials

text: needed

text: to

text: continue

text: its

text: activities

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: French

text: Indochina

text: In

text: Japan

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: nationalists

text: viewed

text: these

text: embargos

text: as

text: acts

text: of

text: aggression

text: imported

text: oil

text: made

text: up

text: about

text: of

text: domestic

text: consumption

text: without

text: which

text: Japan

text: 's

text: economy

text: let

text: alone

text: its

text: military

text: would

text: grind

text: to

text: a

text: halt

text: The

text: Japanese

text: media

text: influenced

text: by

text: military

text: propagandists,[nb

text: began

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: embargoes

text: as

text: the

text: ABCD

text: American

text: British

text: Chinese

text: Dutch

text: encirclement

text: or

text: ABCD

text: line

question: What did The West do to disuade Japan in China and French Indochina?

answer: stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan

text: stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan

question: Why was denying supplies important to the western countries?

answer: denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities

text: denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities

question: What were these embargoes called by the Japanese media?

answer: "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch")

text: "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch")

question: Why did Western powers stop selling resources to Japan?

answer: to discourage Japanese militarism

text: to discourage Japanese militarism

question: How did Japan view Western embargos?

answer: as acts of aggression

text: as acts of aggression

question: What percent of oil made up Japan's domestic consumption?

answer: about 80%

text: about 80%

question: What did the Japanese media refer to the embargoes as?

answer: "ABCD line"

text: "ABCD line"


text: There are also parks on two major islands in the river: Belle Isle and Brown's Island. Belle Isle, at various former times a Powhatan fishing village, colonial-era horse race track, and Civil War prison camp, is the larger of the two, and contains many bike trails as well as a small cliff that is used for rock climbing instruction. One can walk the island and still see many of the remains of the Civil War prison camp, such as an arms storage room and a gun emplacement that was used to quell prisoner riots. Brown's Island is a smaller island and a popular venue of a large number of free outdoor concerts and festivals in the spring and summer, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series or the James River Beer and Seafood Festival.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: parks

text: on

text: two

text: major

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: river

text: Belle

text: Isle

text: and

text: Brown

text: 's

text: Island

text: Belle

text: Isle

text: at

text: various

text: former

text: times

text: a

text: Powhatan

text: fishing

text: village

text: colonial

text: era

text: horse

text: race

text: track

text: and

text: Civil

text: War

text: prison

text: camp

text: is

text: the

text: larger

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: and

text: contains

text: many

text: bike

text: trails

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: small

text: cliff

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: rock

text: climbing

text: instruction

text: One

text: can

text: walk

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: still

text: see

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: prison

text: camp

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: arms

text: storage

text: room

text: and

text: a

text: gun

text: emplacement

text: that

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: quell

text: prisoner

text: riots

text: Brown

text: 's

text: Island

text: is

text: a

text: smaller

text: island

text: and

text: a

text: popular

text: venue

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: free

text: outdoor

text: concerts

text: and

text: festivals

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: and

text: summer

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: weekly

text: Friday

text: Cheers

text: concert

text: series

text: or

text: the

text: James

text: River

text: Beer

text: and

text: Seafood

text: Festival

question: What Native American tribe at one time lived on Belle Isle?

answer: Powhatan

text: Powhatan

question: During what conflict was Belle Isle used as a prison?

answer: Civil War

text: Civil War

question: Between Brown's Island and Belle Isle, which is bigger?

answer: Belle Isle

text: Belle Isle

question: On what island does the James River Beer and Seafood Festival take place?

answer: Brown's Island

text: Brown's Island

question: How often does Friday Cheers take place on Brown's Island?

answer: weekly

text: weekly


text: The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: only

text: extant

text: depiction

text: of

text: Edward

text: 's

text: abbey

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: adjacent

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Bayeux

text: Tapestry

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: monastic

text: dormitory

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Transept

text: survive

text: in

text: the

text: Norman

text: undercroft

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: School

text: including

text: a

text: door

text: said

text: to

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: Saxon

text: abbey

text: Increased

text: endowments

text: supported

text: a

text: community

text: increased

text: from

text: a

text: dozen

text: monks

text: in

text: Dunstan

text: 's

text: original

text: foundation

text: up

text: to

text: a

text: maximum

text: about

text: eighty

text: monks

text: although

text: there

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: large

text: community

text: of

text: lay

text: brothers

text: who

text: supported

text: the

text: monastery

text: 's

text: extensive

text: property

text: and

text: activities

question: Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey?

answer: Bayeux Tapestry

text: Bayeux Tapestry

question: What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community?

answer: a dozen

text: a dozen

question: How was the community able to increase?

answer: endowments

text: endowments

question: What is adjacent the abbey?

answer: Palace of Westminster

text: Palace of Westminster

question: Where is the only nonexistant depiction of Edward's abbey?

text: Bayeux Tapestry

question: What was the final size of Dunstan's original monk community?

text: a dozen

question: How was the community unable to increase?

text: endowments

question: How was the community able to decrease?

text: endowments

question: What is far away from the abbey?

text: Palace of Westminster