text: British television personality Anna Richardson settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger, his top aide, Sean Walsh, and his publicist, Sheryl Main. A joint statement read: "The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled." Richardson claimed they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event for The 6th Day in London. She claimed Walsh and Main libeled her in a Los Angeles Times article when they contended she encouraged his behavior.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: British

text: television

text: personality

text: Anna

text: Richardson

text: settled

text: a

text: libel

text: lawsuit

text: in

text: August

text: against

text: Schwarzenegger

text: his

text: top

text: aide

text: Sean

text: Walsh

text: and

text: his

text: publicist

text: Sheryl

text: Main

text: A

text: joint

text: statement

text: read

text: The

text: parties

text: are

text: content

text: to

text: put

text: this

text: matter

text: behind

text: them

text: and

text: are

text: pleased

text: that

text: this

text: legal

text: dispute

text: has

text: now

text: been

text: settled

text: Richardson

text: claimed

text: they

text: tried

text: to

text: tarnish

text: her

text: reputation

text: by

text: dismissing

text: her

text: allegations

text: that

text: Schwarzenegger

text: touched

text: her

text: breast

text: during

text: a

text: press

text: event

text: for

text: The

text: Day

text: in

text: London

text: She

text: claimed

text: Walsh

text: and

text: Main

text: libeled

text: her

text: in

text: a

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: article

text: when

text: they

text: contended

text: she

text: encouraged

text: his

text: behavior

question: Who sued Schwarzenegger and two of his employees for libel, settling in 2006?

answer: Anna Richardson

text: Anna Richardson

question: What movie was Schwarzenegger promoting when the alleged incident took place?

answer: The 6th Day

text: The 6th Day

question: What paper did Richardson claim was used by Schwarzenegger's publicist and aide to discredit her?

answer: Los Angeles Times

text: Los Angeles Times


text: The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were discovered and named as the Francevillian biota. Although bacterial fossils exist, such as stromatolites, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species. However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage. Bacteria were also involved in the second great evolutionary divergence, that of the archaea and eukaryotes. Here, eukaryotes resulted from the entering of ancient bacteria into endosymbiotic associations with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, which were themselves possibly related to the Archaea. This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of alphaproteobacterial symbionts to form either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, which are still found in all known Eukarya (sometimes in highly reduced form, e.g. in ancient "amitochondrial" protozoa). Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms. This led to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants. There are also some algae that originated from even later endosymbiotic events. Here, eukaryotes engulfed a eukaryotic algae that developed into a "second-generation" plastid. This is known as secondary endosymbiosis.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: The

text: ancestors

text: of

text: modern

text: bacteria

text: were

text: unicellular

text: microorganisms

text: that

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: to

text: appear

text: on

text: Earth

text: about

text: billion

text: years

text: ago

text: For

text: about

text: billion

text: years

text: most

text: organisms

text: were

text: microscopic

text: and

text: bacteria

text: and

text: archaea

text: were

text: the

text: dominant

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: In

text: fossils

text: of

text: macroorganisms

text: were

text: discovered

text: and

text: named

text: as

text: the

text: Francevillian

text: biota

text: Although

text: bacterial

text: fossils

text: exist

text: such

text: as

text: stromatolites

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: distinctive

text: morphology

text: prevents

text: them

text: from

text: being

text: used

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: bacterial

text: evolution

text: or

text: to

text: date

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: origin

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: bacterial

text: species

text: However

text: gene

text: sequences

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: the

text: bacterial

text: phylogeny

text: and

text: these

text: studies

text: indicate

text: that

text: bacteria

text: diverged

text: first

text: from

text: the

text: archaeal

text: eukaryotic

text: lineage

text: Bacteria

text: were

text: also

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: great

text: evolutionary

text: divergence

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: archaea

text: and

text: eukaryotes

text: Here

text: eukaryotes

text: resulted

text: from

text: the

text: entering

text: of

text: ancient

text: bacteria

text: into

text: endosymbiotic

text: associations

text: with

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: which

text: were

text: themselves

text: possibly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Archaea

text: This

text: involved

text: the

text: engulfment

text: by

text: proto

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: of

text: alphaproteobacterial

text: symbionts

text: to

text: form

text: either

text: mitochondria

text: or

text: hydrogenosomes

text: which

text: are

text: still

text: found

text: in

text: all

text: known

text: Eukarya

text: sometimes

text: in

text: highly

text: reduced

text: form

text: e.g.

text: in

text: ancient

text: amitochondrial

text: protozoa

text: Later

text: on

text: some

text: eukaryotes

text: that

text: already

text: contained

text: mitochondria

text: also

text: engulfed

text: cyanobacterial

text: like

text: organisms

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: chloroplasts

text: in

text: algae

text: and

text: plants

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: some

text: algae

text: that

text: originated

text: from

text: even

text: later

text: endosymbiotic

text: events

text: Here

text: eukaryotes

text: engulfed

text: a

text: eukaryotic

text: algae

text: that

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: second

text: generation

text: plastid

text: This

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: secondary

text: endosymbiosis

question: When did the first antecedents of bacteria appear on Earth?

answer: 4 billion years ago

text: 4 billion years ago

question: Why were bacteria and archaea dominant forms of life?

answer: most organisms were microscopic

text: most organisms were microscopic

question: What are Stromatolites?

answer: bacterial fossils

text: bacterial fossils

question: What pre-historic group did bacteria evolve from?

answer: archaeal/eukaryotic lineage

text: archaeal/eukaryotic lineage

question: How did chloroplast appear in first vegetation?

answer: mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms

text: mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms


text: The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the starches are converted to sugars, and then the sweet wort is drained off the grains. The grains are now washed in a process known as "sparging". This washing allows the brewer to gather as much of the fermentable liquid from the grains as possible. The process of filtering the spent grain from the wort and sparge water is called wort separation. The traditional process for wort separation is lautering, in which the grain bed itself serves as the filter medium. Some modern breweries prefer the use of filter frames which allow a more finely ground grist.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: first

text: step

text: where

text: the

text: wort

text: is

text: prepared

text: by

text: mixing

text: the

text: starch

text: source

text: normally

text: malted

text: barley

text: with

text: hot

text: water

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: mashing

text: Hot

text: water

text: known

text: as

text: liquor

text: in

text: brewing

text: terms

text: is

text: mixed

text: with

text: crushed

text: malt

text: or

text: malts

text: known

text: as

text: grist

text: in

text: a

text: mash

text: tun

text: The

text: mashing

text: process

text: takes

text: around

text: to

text: hours

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: starches

text: are

text: converted

text: to

text: sugars

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: sweet

text: wort

text: is

text: drained

text: off

text: the

text: grains

text: The

text: grains

text: are

text: now

text: washed

text: in

text: a

text: process

text: known

text: as

text: sparging

text: This

text: washing

text: allows

text: the

text: brewer

text: to

text: gather

text: as

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: fermentable

text: liquid

text: from

text: the

text: grains

text: as

text: possible

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: filtering

text: the

text: spent

text: grain

text: from

text: the

text: wort

text: and

text: sparge

text: water

text: is

text: called

text: wort

text: separation

text: The

text: traditional

text: process

text: for

text: wort

text: separation

text: is

text: lautering

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: grain

text: bed

text: itself

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: filter

text: medium

text: Some

text: modern

text: breweries

text: prefer

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: filter

text: frames

text: which

text: allow

text: a

text: more

text: finely

text: ground

text: grist

question: What is the first step of brewing when malted barley is mixed with hot water?

answer: mashing

text: mashing

question: How is hot water referred to by brewers?

answer: liquor

text: liquor

question: How long does the mashing step in the brewing process last?

answer: 1 to 2 hours

text: 1 to 2 hours

question: In brewing, what do starches become during the mashing process?

answer: sugars

text: sugars

question: What is it called when used grain is separated in the brewing process?

answer: wort separation

text: wort separation

question: The 2nd step where maltd barley is mixed with hot water is known as what?

text: mashing

question: How long does the mashing process where the sweet wort is drained off the grains last?

text: 1 to 2 hours

question: During the sparging process what do startches turn into?

text: sugars

question: The modern process of wort separation called lautering uses what as the filter medium?

text: the grain bed

question: What process takes 12 hours?

text: The mashing process

question: What does sparging convert starches into?

text: sugars

question: What does wort separation filters barley from?

text: the wort and sparge water

question: What is the modern process for wort separation called?

text: lautering


text: The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament describe Mary as a virgin (Greek: παρθένος, parthénos) and Christians believe that she conceived her son while a virgin by the Holy Spirit. This took place when she was already betrothed to Joseph and was awaiting the concluding rite of marriage, the formal home-taking ceremony. She married Joseph and accompanied him to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born. According to ancient Jewish custom, Mary could have been betrothed at about 12, however, there is no direct evidence of Mary's age at betrothal or in pregnancy. The term "betrothal" is an awkward translation of kiddushin; according to the Jewish law those called "betrothed" were actually husband and wife.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: gospels

text: of

text: Matthew

text: and

text: Luke

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: describe

text: Mary

text: as

text: a

text: virgin

text: Greek

text: παρθένος

text: parthénos

text: and

text: Christians

text: believe

text: that

text: she

text: conceived

text: her

text: son

text: while

text: a

text: virgin

text: by

text: the

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: This

text: took

text: place

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: already

text: betrothed

text: to

text: Joseph

text: and

text: was

text: awaiting

text: the

text: concluding

text: rite

text: of

text: marriage

text: the

text: formal

text: home

text: taking

text: ceremony

text: She

text: married

text: Joseph

text: and

text: accompanied

text: him

text: to

text: Bethlehem

text: where

text: Jesus

text: was

text: born

text: According

text: to

text: ancient

text: Jewish

text: custom

text: Mary

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: betrothed

text: at

text: about

text: however

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: direct

text: evidence

text: of

text: Mary

text: 's

text: age

text: at

text: betrothal

text: or

text: in

text: pregnancy

text: The

text: term

text: betrothal

text: is

text: an

text: awkward

text: translation

text: of

text: kiddushin

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Jewish

text: law

text: those

text: called

text: betrothed

text: were

text: actually

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

question: How old was Mary when she met Joseph?

question: Where did Mary first meet Joseph?

text: Bethlehem

question: How old was Mary when she conceived?

question: Where was Mary born?

text: Bethlehem


text: The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Public

text: Library

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: collection

text: of

text: any

text: public

text: library

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: serves

text: Manhattan

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: Staten

text: Island

text: Queens

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: Queens

text: Borough

text: Public

text: Library

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: public

text: library

text: system

text: while

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: Public

text: Library

text: serves

text: Brooklyn

question: What is the largest library in the United States?

answer: The New York Public Library

text: The New York Public Library

question: What is the second largest library in the US?

answer: Queens Borough Public Library

text: Queens Borough Public Library

question: What is the name of the library system in Queens?

answer: Queens Borough Public Library

text: Queens Borough Public Library

question: What is Brooklyn's public library system called?

answer: Brooklyn Public Library

text: Brooklyn Public Library

question: Along with Staten Island and the Bronx, what borough is served by the New York Public Library?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan


text: The reason for this is that a quantum disjunction, unlike the case for classical disjunction, can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false and this is, in turn, attributable to the fact that it is frequently the case, in quantum mechanics, that a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate, while each of its members are necessarily indeterminate. This latter property can be illustrated by a simple example. Suppose we are dealing with particles (such as electrons) of semi-integral spin (angular momentum) for which there are only two possible values: positive or negative. Then, a principle of indetermination establishes that the spin, relative to two different directions (e.g., x and y) results in a pair of incompatible quantities. Suppose that the state ɸ of a certain electron verifies the proposition "the spin of the electron in the x direction is positive." By the principle of indeterminacy, the value of the spin in the direction y will be completely indeterminate for ɸ. Hence, ɸ can verify neither the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is positive" nor the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is negative." Nevertheless, the disjunction of the propositions "the spin in the direction of y is positive or the spin in the direction of y is negative" must be true for ɸ. In the case of distribution, it is therefore possible to have a situation in which , while .

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: that

text: a

text: quantum

text: disjunction

text: unlike

text: the

text: case

text: for

text: classical

text: disjunction

text: can

text: be

text: true

text: even

text: when

text: both

text: of

text: the

text: disjuncts

text: are

text: false

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: attributable

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: frequently

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: that

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: alternatives

text: are

text: semantically

text: determinate

text: while

text: each

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: are

text: necessarily

text: indeterminate

text: This

text: latter

text: property

text: can

text: be

text: illustrated

text: by

text: a

text: simple

text: example

text: Suppose

text: we

text: are

text: dealing

text: with

text: particles

text: such

text: as

text: electrons

text: of

text: semi

text: integral

text: spin

text: angular

text: momentum

text: for

text: which

text: there

text: are

text: only

text: two

text: possible

text: values

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: Then

text: a

text: principle

text: of

text: indetermination

text: establishes

text: that

text: the

text: spin

text: relative

text: to

text: two

text: different

text: directions

text: e.g.

text: x

text: and

text: y

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: incompatible

text: quantities

text: Suppose

text: that

text: the

text: state

text: ɸ

text: of

text: a

text: certain

text: electron

text: verifies

text: the

text: proposition

text: the

text: spin

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: in

text: the

text: x

text: direction

text: is

text: positive

text: By

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: indeterminacy

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: y

text: will

text: be

text: completely

text: indeterminate

text: for

text: ɸ

text: Hence

text: ɸ

text: can

text: verify

text: neither

text: the

text: proposition

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: positive

text: nor

text: the

text: proposition

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: negative

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: disjunction

text: of

text: the

text: propositions

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: positive

text: or

text: the

text: spin

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: y

text: is

text: negative

text: must

text: be

text: true

text: for

text: ɸ

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: distribution

text: it

text: is

text: therefore

text: possible

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: situation

text: in

text: which

text: while

question: What is the difference of quantum disjunction from classic?

answer: can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false

text: can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false

question: What is frequently the case in quantum mechanics when a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate?

answer: each of its members are necessarily indeterminate

text: each of its members are necessarily indeterminate

question: How can quantum disjuction be illustrated?

answer: illustrated by a simple example

text: illustrated by a simple example


text: Following the successes of his trial-run games, Foster moved ahead with his idea for arena football. He founded the Arena Football League with four teams: the Pittsburgh Gladiators, Denver Dynamite, Washington Commandos, and Chicago Bruisers. Foster appointed legendary Darrel "Mouse" Davis, godfather of the "run and shoot" and modern pro offenses, as executive director of football operations. Davis hired the original coaches and was the architect of the league's original wide-open offensive playbooks.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: Following

text: the

text: successes

text: of

text: his

text: trial

text: run

text: games

text: Foster

text: moved

text: ahead

text: with

text: his

text: idea

text: for

text: arena

text: football

text: He

text: founded

text: the

text: Arena

text: Football

text: League

text: with

text: four

text: teams

text: the

text: Pittsburgh

text: Gladiators

text: Denver

text: Dynamite

text: Washington

text: Commandos

text: and

text: Chicago

text: Bruisers

text: Foster

text: appointed

text: legendary

text: Darrel

text: Mouse

text: Davis

text: godfather

text: of

text: the

text: run

text: and

text: shoot

text: and

text: modern

text: pro

text: offenses

text: as

text: executive

text: director

text: of

text: football

text: operations

text: Davis

text: hired

text: the

text: original

text: coaches

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: architect

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: original

text: wide

text: open

text: offensive

text: playbooks

question: How many teams did the Arena Football League originally have?

answer: four

text: four

question: Along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Pittsburgh Gladiators, what team was one of the original AFL teams?

answer: Washington Commandos

text: Washington Commandos

question: What was the title of Darrell Davis in the AFL?

answer: executive director of football operations

text: executive director of football operations

question: What was Darrell Davis' nickname?

answer: Mouse

text: Mouse

question: Who was responsible for hiring the first coaches of the AFL teams?

answer: Davis

text: Davis


text: Hayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns. It was written between 1940 and 1943. The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's writings on the "road to servitude." It was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944 and was quite popular, leading Hayek to call it "that unobtainable book," also due in part to wartime paper rationing. When it was published in the United States by the University of Chicago in September of that year, it achieved greater popularity than in Britain. At the arrangement of editor Max Eastman, the American magazine Reader's Digest also published an abridged version in April 1945, enabling The Road to Serfdom to reach a far wider audience than academics. The book is widely popular among those advocating individualism and classical liberalism.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Hayek

text: was

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: general

text: view

text: in

text: Britain

text: 's

text: academia

text: that

text: fascism

text: was

text: a

text: capitalist

text: reaction

text: to

text: socialism

text: and

text: The

text: Road

text: to

text: Serfdom

text: arose

text: from

text: those

text: concerns

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: title

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: classical

text: liberal

text: thinker

text: Alexis

text: de

text: Tocqueville

text: 's

text: writings

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: to

text: servitude

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: Britain

text: by

text: Routledge

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: was

text: quite

text: popular

text: leading

text: Hayek

text: to

text: call

text: it

text: that

text: unobtainable

text: book

text: also

text: due

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: wartime

text: paper

text: rationing

text: When

text: it

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: in

text: September

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: it

text: achieved

text: greater

text: popularity

text: than

text: in

text: Britain

text: At

text: the

text: arrangement

text: of

text: editor

text: Max

text: Eastman

text: the

text: American

text: magazine

text: Reader

text: 's

text: Digest

text: also

text: published

text: an

text: abridged

text: version

text: in

text: April

text: enabling

text: The

text: Road

text: to

text: Serfdom

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: far

text: wider

text: audience

text: than

text: academics

text: The

text: book

text: is

text: widely

text: popular

text: among

text: those

text: advocating

text: individualism

text: and

text: classical

text: liberalism

question: What did Hayek write regarding fascism and socialism?

answer: The Road to Serfdom

text: The Road to Serfdom

question: Whose works served as inspiration for the title of Road to Serfdom?

answer: Alexis de Tocqueville

text: Alexis de Tocqueville

question: When was the Road to Serfdom published?

answer: March 1944

text: March 1944

question: Where was Road to Serfdom more popular than it was in Britain?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: Who is responsible for Road to Serfdom being shortened for Reader's Digest in 1945?

answer: Max Eastman

text: Max Eastman


text: During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and the gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo, which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution. The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: During

text: the

text: May

text: Revolution

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: uprising

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Rio

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: the

text: Spanish

text: colonial

text: government

text: moved

text: to

text: Montevideo

text: During

text: that

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: next

text: Uruguayan

text: revolutionary

text: José

text: Gervasio

text: Artigas

text: united

text: with

text: others

text: from

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: against

text: Spain

text: In

text: the

text: forces

text: deployed

text: by

text: the

text: Junta

text: Grande

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: and

text: the

text: gaucho

text: forces

text: led

text: by

text: Artigas

text: started

text: a

text: siege

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: which

text: had

text: refused

text: to

text: obey

text: the

text: directives

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: authorities

text: of

text: the

text: May

text: Revolution

text: The

text: siege

text: was

text: lifted

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: when

text: the

text: military

text: situation

text: started

text: deteriorating

text: in

text: the

text: Upper

text: Peru

text: region

question: After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces?

answer: Rio de la Plata

text: Rio de la Plata

question: Where did the spanish colonial government move to after the uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata?

answer: Montevideo

text: Montevideo

question: Who was the Uruguayan revolutionary that united with others from Buenos Aires?

answer: José Gervasio Artigas

text: José Gervasio Artigas


text: Green can communicate safety to proceed, as in traffic lights. Green and red were standardized as the colors of international railroad signals in the 19th century. The first traffic light, using green and red gas lamps, was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London. It exploded the following year, injuring the policeman who operated it. In 1912, the first modern electric traffic lights were put up in Salt Lake City, Utah. Red was chosen largely because of its high visibility, and its association with danger, while green was chosen largely because it could not be mistaken for red. Today green lights universally signal that a system is turned on and working as it should. In many video games, green signifies both health and completed objectives, opposite red.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Green

text: can

text: communicate

text: safety

text: to

text: proceed

text: as

text: in

text: traffic

text: lights

text: Green

text: and

text: red

text: were

text: standardized

text: as

text: the

text: colors

text: of

text: international

text: railroad

text: signals

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: first

text: traffic

text: light

text: using

text: green

text: and

text: red

text: gas

text: lamps

text: was

text: erected

text: in

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Houses

text: of

text: Parliament

text: in

text: London

text: It

text: exploded

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: injuring

text: the

text: policeman

text: who

text: operated

text: it

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: electric

text: traffic

text: lights

text: were

text: put

text: up

text: in

text: Salt

text: Lake

text: City

text: Utah

text: Red

text: was

text: chosen

text: largely

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: high

text: visibility

text: and

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: danger

text: while

text: green

text: was

text: chosen

text: largely

text: because

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: mistaken

text: for

text: red

text: Today

text: green

text: lights

text: universally

text: signal

text: that

text: a

text: system

text: is

text: turned

text: on

text: and

text: working

text: as

text: it

text: should

text: In

text: many

text: video

text: games

text: green

text: signifies

text: both

text: health

text: and

text: completed

text: objectives

text: opposite

text: red

question: When were green and red standardized as the colors of international railroad signs?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: When was the first traffic light erected?

answer: 1868

question: Where were the first modern electric traffic lights erected in 1912?

answer: Salt Lake City, Utah

text: Salt Lake City, Utah

question: Besides its association with danger, why was red chosen for traffic lights?

answer: high visibility

text: high visibility

question: What exploded in 1912?

text: The first traffic light

question: Who was injured by a traffic light in Salt Lake City?

text: the policeman

question: When was the first modern traffic light put up in London?

question: Who standardized the green and red colors?

text: London

question: What do red lights signal in regards to a system?

text: turned on and working


text: The island had a monocrop economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of New Zealand flax for rope and string. St Helena's economy is now weak, and is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product. Inflation was running at 4% in 2005. There have been increases in the cost of fuel, power and all imported goods.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: island

text: had

text: a

text: monocrop

text: economy

text: until

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: cultivation

text: and

text: processing

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: flax

text: for

text: rope

text: and

text: string

text: St

text: Helena

text: 's

text: economy

text: is

text: now

text: weak

text: and

text: is

text: almost

text: entirely

text: sustained

text: by

text: aid

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: The

text: public

text: sector

text: dominates

text: the

text: economy

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: Inflation

text: was

text: running

text: at

text: in

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: increases

text: in

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: fuel

text: power

text: and

text: all

text: imported

text: goods

question: What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have?

answer: monocrop

text: monocrop

question: What year did the crop economy change?

answer: 1966

question: What was produced during the time the Island was monocrop?

answer: flax

text: flax

question: Saint Helena's economy is now almost completely sustained by what?

answer: aid from the British government

text: aid from the British government

question: How much % of production does the public sector cover?

answer: 50%


text: In the Early Middle Ages, from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians. The Alemanni settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia. Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy. The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: In

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: western

text: extent

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: of

text: the

text: Burgundians

text: The

text: Alemanni

text: settled

text: the

text: Swiss

text: plateau

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: valleys

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: forming

text: Alemannia

text: Modern

text: day

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: therefore

text: then

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Alemannia

text: and

text: Burgundy

text: The

text: entire

text: region

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: expanding

text: Frankish

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: following

text: Clovis

text: I

text: 's

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Alemanni

text: at

text: Tolbiac

text: in

text: AD

text: and

text: later

text: Frankish

text: domination

text: of

text: the

text: Burgundians

question: From the end of the 4th century, what territory was the western extent of modern-day Switzerland part of?

answer: the Kings of the Burgundians

text: the Kings of the Burgundians

question: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 5th century?

answer: the Swiss plateau

text: the Swiss plateau

question: Where did the Alemanni settle in the 8th century, forming Alemannia?

answer: valleys of the Alps

text: valleys of the Alps

question: In the 8th century, what two kingdoms made up Modern-day Switzerland?

answer: Alemannia and Burgundy

text: Alemannia and Burgundy

question: What Empire did the entire region of Modern-day Switzerland become part of in the 6th century?

answer: Frankish Empire

text: Frankish Empire


text: In the 1990s, marked by the liberalization of language development and mother tongue movement in Taiwan, Taiwanese Hokkien had undergone a fast pace in its development. In 1993, Taiwan became the first region in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese schools. In 2001, the local Taiwanese language program was further extended to all schools in Taiwan, and Taiwanese Hokkien became one of the compulsory local Taiwanese languages to be learned in schools. The mother tongue movement in Taiwan even influenced Xiamen (Amoy) to the point that in 2010, Xiamen also began to implement the teaching of Hokkien dialect in its schools. In 2007, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan also completed the standardization of Chinese characters used for writing Hokkien and developed Tai-lo as the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide. A number of universities in Taiwan also offer Hokkien degree courses for training Hokkien-fluent talents to work for the Hokkien media industry and education. Taiwan also has its own Hokkien literary and cultural circles whereby Hokkien poets and writers compose poetry or literature in Hokkien on a regular basis.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: In

text: the

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: liberalization

text: of

text: language

text: development

text: and

text: mother

text: tongue

text: movement

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: Taiwanese

text: Hokkien

text: had

text: undergone

text: a

text: fast

text: pace

text: in

text: its

text: development

text: In

text: Taiwan

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: implement

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: Taiwanese

text: Hokkien

text: in

text: Taiwanese

text: schools

text: In

text: the

text: local

text: Taiwanese

text: language

text: program

text: was

text: further

text: extended

text: to

text: all

text: schools

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: Taiwanese

text: Hokkien

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: compulsory

text: local

text: Taiwanese

text: languages

text: to

text: be

text: learned

text: in

text: schools

text: The

text: mother

text: tongue

text: movement

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: even

text: influenced

text: Xiamen

text: Amoy

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: that

text: in

text: Xiamen

text: also

text: began

text: to

text: implement

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: Hokkien

text: dialect

text: in

text: its

text: schools

text: In

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: also

text: completed

text: the

text: standardization

text: of

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: used

text: for

text: writing

text: Hokkien

text: and

text: developed

text: Tai

text: lo

text: as

text: the

text: standard

text: Hokkien

text: pronunciation

text: and

text: romanization

text: guide

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: universities

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: also

text: offer

text: Hokkien

text: degree

text: courses

text: for

text: training

text: Hokkien

text: fluent

text: talents

text: to

text: work

text: for

text: the

text: Hokkien

text: media

text: industry

text: and

text: education

text: Taiwan

text: also

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: Hokkien

text: literary

text: and

text: cultural

text: circles

text: whereby

text: Hokkien

text: poets

text: and

text: writers

text: compose

text: poetry

text: or

text: literature

text: in

text: Hokkien

text: on

text: a

text: regular

text: basis

question: When did Taiwanese Hokkien have a fast change in development?

answer: In the 1990s

text: In the 1990s

question: What year did Taiwan begin teaching Hokkien in schools?

answer: 1993

question: What year did it become mandatory to teach Hokkien in Taiwan schools?

answer: 2001

question: What is the name of the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide?

answer: Tai-lo

text: Tai-lo

question: What year did the Ministry of Education develope tai-lo?

answer: 2007

question: When did Tai-lo develop at a fast pace?

text: In the 1990s

question: In what year did Taiwan begin teaching poetry in Taiwanese schools?

question: When did Xiamen become compulsory in schools?

text: In 2001

question: Who offers poetry or literature courses for training Hokkien-fluent talents?

text: A number of universities in Taiwan

question: Where was Tai-lo extended to in 2001?

text: all schools in Taiwan


text: However, the crisis did not exist in a void; it came after a long series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers over European and colonial issues in the decade prior to 1914 which had left tensions high. The diplomatic clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1870. An example is the Baghdad Railway which was planned to connect the Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq. The railway became a source of international disputes during the years immediately preceding World War I. Although it has been argued that they were resolved in 1914 before the war began, it has also been argued that the railroad was a cause of the First World War. Fundamentally the war was sparked by tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region and they pulled the rest of the great powers into the conflict through their various alliances and treaties. The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece, and Serbia) first captured Ottoman-held remaining part of Thessaly, Macedonia, Epirus, Albania and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the spoils, with incorporation of Romania this time.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: However

text: the

text: crisis

text: did

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: a

text: void

text: it

text: came

text: after

text: a

text: long

text: series

text: of

text: diplomatic

text: clashes

text: between

text: the

text: Great

text: Powers

text: over

text: European

text: and

text: colonial

text: issues

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: prior

text: to

text: which

text: had

text: left

text: tensions

text: high

text: The

text: diplomatic

text: clashes

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: Europe

text: since

text: An

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: Baghdad

text: Railway

text: which

text: was

text: planned

text: to

text: connect

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: cities

text: of

text: Konya

text: and

text: Baghdad

text: with

text: a

text: line

text: through

text: modern

text: day

text: Turkey

text: Syria

text: and

text: Iraq

text: The

text: railway

text: became

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: international

text: disputes

text: during

text: the

text: years

text: immediately

text: preceding

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: Although

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: argued

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: resolved

text: in

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: began

text: it

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: railroad

text: was

text: a

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: Fundamentally

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: sparked

text: by

text: tensions

text: over

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: competed

text: with

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Russia

text: for

text: territory

text: and

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: they

text: pulled

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powers

text: into

text: the

text: conflict

text: through

text: their

text: various

text: alliances

text: and

text: treaties

text: The

text: Balkan

text: Wars

text: were

text: two

text: wars

text: in

text: South

text: eastern

text: Europe

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: Balkan

text: League

text: Bulgaria

text: Montenegro

text: Greece

text: and

text: Serbia

text: first

text: captured

text: Ottoman

text: held

text: remaining

text: part

text: of

text: Thessaly

text: Macedonia

text: Epirus

text: Albania

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: Thrace

text: and

text: then

text: fell

text: out

text: over

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: spoils

text: with

text: incorporation

text: of

text: Romania

text: this

text: time

question: Where was the Baghdad Railway Suppose to connect?

answer: Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq

text: Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq

question: What fundamental cause started the war in 1914?

answer: tensions over territory in the Balkans.

text: tensions over territory in the Balkans.

question: Who did Austria-Hungary war with over territory?

answer: Serbia and Russia

text: Serbia and Russia

question: Where did the Balkan wars take place?

answer: South-eastern Europe

text: South-eastern Europe

question: Why did Albania fall out with Thessaly, Macedonia and Epirus?

answer: over the division of the spoils

text: over the division of the spoils


text: Most of the world's airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation. For example, in the United Kingdom the state-owned British Airports Authority originally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airports - it was subsequently privatized in the late 1980s, and following its takeover by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium in 2006, has been further divested and downsized to operating just five. Germany's Frankfurt Airport is managed by the quasi-private firm Fraport. While in India GMR Group operates, through joint ventures, Indira Gandhi International Airport and Rajiv Gandhi International Airport. Bengaluru International Airport and Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport are controlled by GVK Group. The rest of India's airports are managed by the Airports Authority of India.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: airports

text: are

text: owned

text: by

text: local

text: regional

text: or

text: national

text: government

text: bodies

text: who

text: then

text: lease

text: the

text: airport

text: to

text: private

text: corporations

text: who

text: oversee

text: the

text: airport

text: 's

text: operation

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: state

text: owned

text: British

text: Airports

text: Authority

text: originally

text: operated

text: eight

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: major

text: commercial

text: airports

text: it

text: was

text: subsequently

text: privatized

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: following

text: its

text: takeover

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Ferrovial

text: consortium

text: in

text: has

text: been

text: further

text: divested

text: and

text: downsized

text: to

text: operating

text: just

text: five

text: Germany

text: 's

text: Frankfurt

text: Airport

text: is

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: quasi

text: private

text: firm

text: Fraport

text: While

text: in

text: India

text: GMR

text: Group

text: operates

text: through

text: joint

text: ventures

text: Indira

text: Gandhi

text: International

text: Airport

text: and

text: Rajiv

text: Gandhi

text: International

text: Airport

text: Bengaluru

text: International

text: Airport

text: and

text: Chhatrapati

text: Shivaji

text: International

text: Airport

text: are

text: controlled

text: by

text: GVK

text: Group

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: India

text: 's

text: airports

text: are

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: Airports

text: Authority

text: of

text: India

question: How many commercial airports did the British Airports Authority originally operate?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: What group took over the British Airports Authority in 2006?

answer: Spanish Ferrovial consortium

text: Spanish Ferrovial consortium

question: What group manages the Frankfurt Airport?

answer: Fraport

text: Fraport

question: Who operates, through joint ventures, Indira Gandhi International Airport?

answer: GMR Group

text: GMR Group

question: When was the Airports Authority of India privatized?

text: in the late 1980s

question: In what year was the Airports Authority of India taken over by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium?

question: How many commercial airports does Fraport in the UK manage?

text: five

question: How many airports did Fraport manage originally in the UK?

text: eight

question: What happened to Fraport when it was taken over by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium?

text: further divested and downsized


text: Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Stepper

text: motors

text: are

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: motor

text: frequently

text: used

text: when

text: precise

text: rotations

text: are

text: required

text: In

text: a

text: stepper

text: motor

text: an

text: internal

text: rotor

text: containing

text: PMs

text: or

text: a

text: magnetically

text: soft

text: rotor

text: with

text: salient

text: poles

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: external

text: magnets

text: that

text: are

text: switched

text: electronically

text: A

text: stepper

text: motor

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: a

text: cross

text: between

text: a

text: DC

text: electric

text: motor

text: and

text: a

text: rotary

text: solenoid

text: As

text: each

text: coil

text: is

text: energized

text: in

text: turn

text: the

text: rotor

text: aligns

text: itself

text: with

text: the

text: magnetic

text: field

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: energized

text: field

text: winding

text: Unlike

text: a

text: synchronous

text: motor

text: in

text: its

text: application

text: the

text: stepper

text: motor

text: may

text: not

text: rotate

text: continuously

text: instead

text: it

text: steps

text: starts

text: and

text: then

text: quickly

text: stops

text: again

text: from

text: one

text: position

text: to

text: the

text: next

text: as

text: field

text: windings

text: are

text: energized

text: and

text: de

text: energized

text: in

text: sequence

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: sequence

text: the

text: rotor

text: may

text: turn

text: forwards

text: or

text: backwards

text: and

text: it

text: may

text: change

text: direction

text: stop

text: speed

text: up

text: or

text: slow

text: down

text: arbitrarily

text: at

text: any

text: time

question: When are stepper motors most useful?

answer: when precise rotations are required

text: when precise rotations are required

question: What two devices can describe a stepper motor?

answer: DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid

text: DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid

question: What do stepper motor rotors allign themselves with?

answer: magnetic field produced by the energized field winding

text: magnetic field produced by the energized field winding

question: How does a stepper motor differ from a synchronous motor?

answer: the stepper motor may not rotate continuously

text: the stepper motor may not rotate continuously

question: What types of velocities and positions is the stepper motor capable of?

answer: forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down

text: forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down

question: When are stepper motors least useful?

text: when precise rotations are required

question: What three devices can describe a stepper motor?

text: DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid

question: What do stepper motor rotors align themselves without?

question: How doesn't a stepper motor differ from a synchronous motor?


text: Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new ascetic religious and philosophical groups and teachings that broke with the Brahmanic tradition and rejected the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmans.[note 16] These groups, whose members were known as shramanas, were a continuation of a non-Vedic strand of Indian thought distinct from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism.[note 17] Scholars have reasons to believe that ideas such as samsara, karma (in the sense of the influence of morality on rebirth), and moksha originated in the shramanas, and were later adopted by Brahmin orthodoxy.[note 18][note 19][note 20][note 21][note 22][note 23]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Historically

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: religious

text: thought

text: of

text: ancient

text: India

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: That

text: was

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: religious

text: turmoil

text: as

text: there

text: was

text: significant

text: discontent

text: with

text: the

text: sacrifices

text: and

text: rituals

text: of

text: Vedic

text: Brahmanism.[note

text: It

text: was

text: challenged

text: by

text: numerous

text: new

text: ascetic

text: religious

text: and

text: philosophical

text: groups

text: and

text: teachings

text: that

text: broke

text: with

text: the

text: Brahmanic

text: tradition

text: and

text: rejected

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Vedas

text: and

text: the

text: Brahmans.[note

text: These

text: groups

text: whose

text: members

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: shramanas

text: were

text: a

text: continuation

text: of

text: a

text: non

text: Vedic

text: strand

text: of

text: Indian

text: thought

text: distinct

text: from

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: Brahmanism.[note

text: Scholars

text: have

text: reasons

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: ideas

text: such

text: as

text: samsara

text: karma

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: morality

text: on

text: rebirth

text: and

text: moksha

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: shramanas

text: and

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Brahmin

text: orthodoxy.[note

question: What time period was the beginning of Buddhism?

answer: second half of the first millennium BCE

text: second half of the first millennium BCE

question: Scholars believe that karma originated in what?

answer: the shramanas

text: the shramanas

question: What groups broke with Brahmanic tradition?

answer: shramanas

text: shramanas

question: Shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of Indian thought?

answer: non-Vedic

text: non-Vedic


text: In 2003, it was reported that one third of female academics "believe that discrimination or bullying by managers has held back their careers". It was said then that "A spokesman for Imperial said the college was acting on the recommendations and had already made changes". Nevertheless, allegations of bullying have continued: in 2007, concerns were raised about the methods that were being used to fire people in the Faculty of Medicine. New President of Imperial College, Alice Gast says she sees bright lights in the horizon for female careers at Imperial College London.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: reported

text: that

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: female

text: academics

text: believe

text: that

text: discrimination

text: or

text: bullying

text: by

text: managers

text: has

text: held

text: back

text: their

text: careers

text: It

text: was

text: said

text: then

text: that

text: A

text: spokesman

text: for

text: Imperial

text: said

text: the

text: college

text: was

text: acting

text: on

text: the

text: recommendations

text: and

text: had

text: already

text: made

text: changes

text: Nevertheless

text: allegations

text: of

text: bullying

text: have

text: continued

text: in

text: concerns

text: were

text: raised

text: about

text: the

text: methods

text: that

text: were

text: being

text: used

text: to

text: fire

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Faculty

text: of

text: Medicine

text: New

text: President

text: of

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Alice

text: Gast

text: says

text: she

text: sees

text: bright

text: lights

text: in

text: the

text: horizon

text: for

text: female

text: careers

text: at

text: Imperial

text: College

text: London

question: What portion of females reported that they were held back by managers?

answer: one third

text: one third

question: In which year were these allegations raised?

answer: 2003

question: After the 2003 incident, what was the next major year in which conerns were raised?

answer: 2007

question: In which faculty were the methods used to fire people being questioned?

answer: Faculty of Medicine

text: Faculty of Medicine

question: Who is the new President for Imperial College?

answer: Alice Gast

text: Alice Gast

question: In what years did 1/2 the female axademics say bullying held back their carreer?

question: Who does Alice Ghast think will continue to struggle?

text: female

question: Who is the Vice President of Imperial?

text: Alice Gast

question: What waw beeing question in the school of engeneering?


text: Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatural or mythological explanations for these events, Ibn al-Nafis attempted to explain these plot elements using the scientific knowledge of biology, astronomy, cosmology and geology known in his time. Ibn al-Nafis' fiction explained Islamic religious teachings via science and Islamic philosophy.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Theologus

text: Autodidactus

text: written

text: by

text: the

text: Arabian

text: polymath

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: science

text: fiction

text: novel

text: It

text: deals

text: with

text: various

text: science

text: fiction

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: spontaneous

text: generation

text: futurology

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: doomsday

text: resurrection

text: and

text: the

text: afterlife

text: Rather

text: than

text: giving

text: supernatural

text: or

text: mythological

text: explanations

text: for

text: these

text: events

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: attempted

text: to

text: explain

text: these

text: plot

text: elements

text: using

text: the

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: of

text: biology

text: astronomy

text: cosmology

text: and

text: geology

text: known

text: in

text: his

text: time

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: fiction

text: explained

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: teachings

text: via

text: science

text: and

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

question: What was the life span of Ibn al-Nafis?

answer: 1213–1288

question: What type of book is Theologus Autodidactus the first type of?

answer: science fiction

text: science fiction

question: What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the events in Theologus Autodidactus?

answer: scientific knowledge

text: scientific knowledge

question: What did Ibn al-Nafis write in the 12th century?

text: Theologus Autodidactus

question: Who wrote a science fiction novel in the 12th century?

text: Ibn al-Nafis

question: What events did Ibn al-Nafis give supernatural or mythological explanations?

question: Who used mythology to explain Islamic teachings?

text: Ibn al-Nafis


text: Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling. In contrast to emphysema, asthma affects the bronchi, not the alveoli.

title: Asthma

title: Asthma

text: Although

text: asthma

text: is

text: a

text: chronic

text: obstructive

text: condition

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: chronic

text: obstructive

text: pulmonary

text: disease

text: as

text: this

text: term

text: refers

text: specifically

text: to

text: combinations

text: of

text: disease

text: that

text: are

text: irreversible

text: such

text: as

text: bronchiectasis

text: chronic

text: bronchitis

text: and

text: emphysema

text: Unlike

text: these

text: diseases

text: the

text: airway

text: obstruction

text: in

text: asthma

text: is

text: usually

text: reversible

text: however

text: if

text: left

text: untreated

text: the

text: chronic

text: inflammation

text: from

text: asthma

text: can

text: lead

text: the

text: lungs

text: to

text: become

text: irreversibly

text: obstructed

text: due

text: to

text: airway

text: remodeling

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: emphysema

text: asthma

text: affects

text: the

text: bronchi

text: not

text: the

text: alveoli

question: What kind of condition is asthma?

answer: a chronic obstructive condition

text: a chronic obstructive condition

question: What are examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

answer: bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

text: bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

question: Is the airway obstuction reversable in asthma?

answer: asthma is usually reversible

text: asthma is usually reversible

question: What part of the airway does emphysema affect?

answer: alveoli

text: alveoli

question: What part of the airway does asthma affect?

answer: the bronchi

text: the bronchi

question: What type of condition is airway obstruction?

text: a chronic obstructive condition

question: What is airway remodeling considered a part of?

text: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

question: What does brochiectasis affect instead of the alveoli?

text: the bronchi

question: What happenes if chronic bronchitis is untreated?

question: What diseases are examples of airway remodeling?


text: Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari. The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society. The military coup of Muhammadu Buhari shortly after the regime's fraudulent re-election in 1984 was generally viewed as a positive development. Buhari promised major reforms, but his government fared little better than its predecessor. His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Beginning

text: in

text: Nigerians

text: participated

text: in

text: a

text: brief

text: return

text: to

text: democracy

text: when

text: Olusegun

text: Obasanjo

text: transferred

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: civilian

text: regime

text: of

text: Shehu

text: Shagari

text: The

text: Shagari

text: government

text: became

text: viewed

text: as

text: corrupt

text: and

text: incompetent

text: by

text: virtually

text: all

text: sectors

text: of

text: Nigerian

text: society

text: The

text: military

text: coup

text: of

text: Muhammadu

text: Buhari

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: regime

text: 's

text: fraudulent

text: re

text: election

text: in

text: was

text: generally

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: positive

text: development

text: Buhari

text: promised

text: major

text: reforms

text: but

text: his

text: government

text: fared

text: little

text: better

text: than

text: its

text: predecessor

text: His

text: regime

text: was

text: overthrown

text: by

text: another

text: military

text: coup

text: in

question: Which Nigerian leader transferred power in 1979?

answer: Olusegun Obasanjo

text: Olusegun Obasanjo

question: Which Nigerian leader received power in 1979?

answer: Shehu Shagari

text: Shehu Shagari

question: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?

answer: corrupt and incompetent

text: corrupt and incompetent

question: Who led a military coup against Shagari?

answer: Muhammadu Buhari

text: Muhammadu Buhari

question: When did another military coup overthrow Buhari?

answer: 1985


text: American Idol prominent display of its sponsors' logo and products had been noted since the early seasons. By season six, Idol showed 4,349 product placements according to Nielsen Media Research. The branded entertainment integration proved beneficial to its advertisers – promotion of AT&T text-messaging as a means to vote successfully introduced the technology into the wider culture, and Coca-Cola has seen its equity increased during the show.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: American

text: Idol

text: prominent

text: display

text: of

text: its

text: sponsors

text: logo

text: and

text: products

text: had

text: been

text: noted

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: seasons

text: By

text: season

text: six

text: Idol

text: showed

text: product

text: placements

text: according

text: to

text: Nielsen

text: Media

text: Research

text: The

text: branded

text: entertainment

text: integration

text: proved

text: beneficial

text: to

text: its

text: advertisers

text: promotion

text: of

text: AT&T

text: text

text: messaging

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: vote

text: successfully

text: introduced

text: the

text: technology

text: into

text: the

text: wider

text: culture

text: and

text: Coca

text: Cola

text: has

text: seen

text: its

text: equity

text: increased

text: during

text: the

text: show

question: What service did AT&T promote on American Idol as a way of voting?

answer: text-messaging

text: text-messaging

question: How many product placements had Idol shown by season six?

answer: 4,349


text: The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though the ball cannot be received in an offside position.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: The

text: primary

text: law

text: is

text: that

text: players

text: other

text: than

text: goalkeepers

text: may

text: not

text: deliberately

text: handle

text: the

text: ball

text: with

text: their

text: hands

text: or

text: arms

text: during

text: play

text: though

text: they

text: do

text: use

text: their

text: hands

text: during

text: a

text: throw

text: in

text: restart

text: Although

text: players

text: usually

text: use

text: their

text: feet

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: ball

text: around

text: they

text: may

text: use

text: any

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: body

text: notably

text: heading

text: with

text: the

text: forehead

text: other

text: than

text: their

text: hands

text: or

text: arms

text: Within

text: normal

text: play

text: all

text: players

text: are

text: free

text: to

text: play

text: the

text: ball

text: in

text: any

text: direction

text: and

text: move

text: throughout

text: the

text: pitch

text: though

text: the

text: ball

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: received

text: in

text: an

text: offside

text: position

question: Who can only handle the ball with their hands or arms during play?

answer: goalkeepers

text: goalkeepers

question: When is it okay for regular players to use their hands?

answer: throw-in restart

text: throw-in restart

question: A ball cannot be received in what type of position?

answer: offside

text: offside

question: throughout when can players move the ball in any direction?

answer: the pitch

text: the pitch

question: Who can only handle the ball with their feet during play?

text: goalkeepers

question: When is it okay for irregular players to use their hands?

text: throw-in restart

question: What type of position can a ball always be received in?

text: offside

question: When can players move the ball in no direction?

text: the pitch


text: The Soviet Union, which feared Western powers and the possibility of "capitalist encirclements", had little faith either that war could be avoided, or faith in the Polish army, and wanted nothing less than an ironclad military alliance with France and Britain that would provide a guaranteed support for a two-pronged attack on Germany; thus, Stalin's adherence to the collective security line was purely conditional. Britain and France believed that war could still be avoided, and that the Soviet Union, weakened by the Great Purge, could not be a main military participant, a point that many military sources were at variance with, especially Soviet victories over the Japanese Kwantung army on the Manchurian frontier. France was more anxious to find an agreement with the USSR than was Britain; as a continental power, it was more willing to make concessions, more fearful of the dangers of an agreement between the USSR and Germany. These contrasting attitudes partly explain why the USSR has often been charged with playing a double game in 1939: carrying on open negotiations for an alliance with Britain and France while secretly considering propositions from Germany.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: which

text: feared

text: Western

text: powers

text: and

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: capitalist

text: encirclements

text: had

text: little

text: faith

text: either

text: that

text: war

text: could

text: be

text: avoided

text: or

text: faith

text: in

text: the

text: Polish

text: army

text: and

text: wanted

text: nothing

text: less

text: than

text: an

text: ironclad

text: military

text: alliance

text: with

text: France

text: and

text: Britain

text: that

text: would

text: provide

text: a

text: guaranteed

text: support

text: for

text: a

text: two

text: pronged

text: attack

text: on

text: Germany

text: thus

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: adherence

text: to

text: the

text: collective

text: security

text: line

text: was

text: purely

text: conditional

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: believed

text: that

text: war

text: could

text: still

text: be

text: avoided

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: weakened

text: by

text: the

text: Great

text: Purge

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: a

text: main

text: military

text: participant

text: a

text: point

text: that

text: many

text: military

text: sources

text: were

text: at

text: variance

text: with

text: especially

text: Soviet

text: victories

text: over

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Kwantung

text: army

text: on

text: the

text: Manchurian

text: frontier

text: France

text: was

text: more

text: anxious

text: to

text: find

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: USSR

text: than

text: was

text: Britain

text: as

text: a

text: continental

text: power

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: willing

text: to

text: make

text: concessions

text: more

text: fearful

text: of

text: the

text: dangers

text: of

text: an

text: agreement

text: between

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: Germany

text: These

text: contrasting

text: attitudes

text: partly

text: explain

text: why

text: the

text: USSR

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: charged

text: with

text: playing

text: a

text: double

text: game

text: in

text: carrying

text: on

text: open

text: negotiations

text: for

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: while

text: secretly

text: considering

text: propositions

text: from

text: Germany

question: Why did the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain?

answer: capitalist encirclements

text: capitalist encirclements

question: Why did western power believe that the soviet government wouldn’t partake in another world war?

answer: Great Purge

text: Great Purge

question: What country was at war with Japan in China prior to World War II?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: Who was afraid of a pact between Germany and the Soviet governments?

answer: France

text: France

question: Why didn't the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain?

text: capitalist encirclements

question: Why did the Soviet government embrace the governments of France and Britain?

text: capitalist encirclements

question: Why did eastern power believe that the soviet government wouldn’t partake in another world war?

text: Great Purge

question: What country was at war with Japan in China prior to World War I?

text: Soviet Union

question: Who embraced of a pact between Germany and the Soviet governments?

text: France


text: Terrestrial annelids can be invasive in some situations. In the glaciated areas of North America, for example, almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas, primarily from Europe, and, more recently, from Asia. Northern hardwood forests are especially negatively impacted by invasive worms through the loss of leaf duff, soil fertility, changes in soil chemistry and the loss of ecological diversity. Especially of concern is Amynthas agrestis and at least one state (Wisconsin) has listed it as a prohibited species.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Terrestrial

text: annelids

text: can

text: be

text: invasive

text: in

text: some

text: situations

text: In

text: the

text: glaciated

text: areas

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: for

text: example

text: almost

text: all

text: native

text: earthworms

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: killed

text: by

text: the

text: glaciers

text: and

text: the

text: worms

text: currently

text: found

text: in

text: those

text: areas

text: are

text: all

text: introduced

text: from

text: other

text: areas

text: primarily

text: from

text: Europe

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: from

text: Asia

text: Northern

text: hardwood

text: forests

text: are

text: especially

text: negatively

text: impacted

text: by

text: invasive

text: worms

text: through

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: leaf

text: duff

text: soil

text: fertility

text: changes

text: in

text: soil

text: chemistry

text: and

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: ecological

text: diversity

text: Especially

text: of

text: concern

text: is

text: Amynthas

text: agrestis

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: state

text: Wisconsin

text: has

text: listed

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: prohibited

text: species

question: Where were native earthworms killed by glaciers?

answer: glaciated areas of North America

text: glaciated areas of North America

question: Where did most of the current earthworms in glacial areas come from?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What type of forests can be hurt by invasive worms?

answer: Northern hardwood forests

text: Northern hardwood forests

question: Where were asian earthworms killed by glaciers?

text: glaciated areas of North America

question: Where did all of the current earthworms in glacial areas come from?

text: Europe

question: What type of forests are immune to invasive worms?

text: Northern hardwood forests

question: What are no longer considered an invasive species?

text: Terrestrial annelids


text: Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Josip

text: Broz

text: Tito

text: received

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: awards

text: and

text: decorations

text: from

text: countries

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: countries

text: and

text: Yugoslavia

text: decorations

text: were

text: from

text: Yugoslavia

text: itself

text: having

text: been

text: awarded

text: once

text: and

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hero

text: on

text: three

text: occasions

text: Of

text: the

text: international

text: awards

text: and

text: decorations

text: were

text: received

text: once

text: and

text: three

text: on

text: two

text: occasions

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Lion

text: Polonia

text: Restituta

text: and

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: awards

text: included

text: the

text: French

text: Legion

text: of

text: Honour

text: and

text: National

text: Order

text: of

text: Merit

text: the

text: British

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: Bath

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Order

text: of

text: Lenin

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: Chrysanthemum

text: the

text: German

text: Federal

text: Cross

text: of

text: Merit

text: and

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Merit

text: of

text: Italy

question: How many awards and decorations did Josip Broz Tito recieve?

answer: 119

question: Of all of the awards Tito received, how many were from Yugoslavia itself?

answer: 21

question: Which government awards the Legion of Honour and the National Order of Merit?

answer: French

text: French

question: Which government awards the Order of the Bath?

answer: British

text: British

question: Which government awards the Order of the Chrysanthemum?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese


text: This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: This

text: growing

text: coalition

text: expanded

text: the

text: potential

text: enemies

text: that

text: Rome

text: might

text: face

text: and

text: moved

text: Rome

text: closer

text: to

text: confrontation

text: with

text: major

text: powers

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: more

text: alliance

text: seeking

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Roman

text: confederacy

text: and

text: city

text: states

text: seeking

text: membership

text: and

text: protection

text: within

text: that

text: confederacy

text: While

text: there

text: were

text: exceptions

text: to

text: this

text: such

text: as

text: military

text: rule

text: of

text: Sicily

text: after

text: the

text: First

text: Punic

text: War

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: that

text: these

text: alliances

text: started

text: to

text: harden

text: into

text: something

text: more

text: like

text: an

text: empire

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: certain

text: locations

text: This

text: shift

text: mainly

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: southern

text: Italian

text: towns

text: that

text: sided

text: with

text: Hannibal

question: After what war did the alliances start to solidify?

answer: Second Punic War

text: Second Punic War

question: What helped Rome move closer to a confrontation with several other major powers in the area?

answer: This growing coalition

text: This growing coalition

question: What towns had chosen Hannibal's side?

answer: southern Italian

text: southern Italian

question: What did city-states hope to gain from the Roman confederacy?

answer: membership (and protection)

text: membership (and protection)


text: In the west, the Russians were dissuaded from attacking Vidin by the presence of the Austrian forces, which had swelled to 280,000 men. On 28 May 1854 a protocol of the Vienna Conference was signed by Austria and Russia. One of the aims of the Russian advance had been to encourage the Orthodox Christian Serbs and Bulgarians living under Ottoman rule to rebel. However, when the Russian troops actually crossed the River Pruth into Moldavia, the Orthodox Christians still showed no interest in rising up against the Turks.:131, 137 Adding to the worries of Nicholas I was the concern that Austria would enter the war against the Russians and attack his armies on the western flank. Indeed, after attempting to mediate a peaceful settlement between Russia and Turkey, the Austrians entered the war on the side of Turkey with an attack against the Russians in the Principalities which threatened to cut off the Russian supply lines. Accordingly, the Russians were forced to raise the siege of Silistra on 23 June 1854, and begin abandoning the Principalities.:185 The lifting of the siege reduced the threat of a Russian advance into Bulgaria.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Russians

text: were

text: dissuaded

text: from

text: attacking

text: Vidin

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: forces

text: which

text: had

text: swelled

text: to

text: men

text: On

text: May

text: a

text: protocol

text: of

text: the

text: Vienna

text: Conference

text: was

text: signed

text: by

text: Austria

text: and

text: Russia

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: aims

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: advance

text: had

text: been

text: to

text: encourage

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Christian

text: Serbs

text: and

text: Bulgarians

text: living

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: to

text: rebel

text: However

text: when

text: the

text: Russian

text: troops

text: actually

text: crossed

text: the

text: River

text: Pruth

text: into

text: Moldavia

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: still

text: showed

text: no

text: interest

text: in

text: rising

text: up

text: against

text: the

text: Adding

text: to

text: the

text: worries

text: of

text: Nicholas

text: I

text: was

text: the

text: concern

text: that

text: Austria

text: would

text: enter

text: the

text: war

text: against

text: the

text: Russians

text: and

text: attack

text: his

text: armies

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: flank

text: Indeed

text: after

text: attempting

text: to

text: mediate

text: a

text: peaceful

text: settlement

text: between

text: Russia

text: and

text: Turkey

text: the

text: Austrians

text: entered

text: the

text: war

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: Turkey

text: with

text: an

text: attack

text: against

text: the

text: Russians

text: in

text: the

text: Principalities

text: which

text: threatened

text: to

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: Russian

text: supply

text: lines

text: Accordingly

text: the

text: Russians

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: raise

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Silistra

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: begin

text: abandoning

text: the

text: The

text: lifting

text: of

text: the

text: siege

text: reduced

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: a

text: Russian

text: advance

text: into

text: Bulgaria

question: Who stopped the Russians from attacking Vidin?

answer: Austrian forces

text: Austrian forces

question: How man men did the Austrian forces have when stopping the attack on Vidin?

answer: 280,000

question: What river did the Russians crossed when they entered the city of Moldavia?

answer: River Pruth

text: River Pruth

question: Who didn't show any signs of rising up against the Turks?

answer: Orthodox Christians

text: Orthodox Christians

question: After the settlement between Russia and Turkey, who did the Austrians decide to join?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey


text: Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width.

title: London

title: London

text: Greater

text: London

text: encompasses

text: a

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: an

text: area

text: which

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: mi

text: The

text: extended

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: London

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: or

text: the

text: London

text: Metropolitan

text: Agglomeration

text: comprises

text: a

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: has

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: a

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: mi

text: Modern

text: London

text: stands

text: on

text: the

text: Thames

text: its

text: primary

text: geographical

text: feature

text: a

text: navigable

text: river

text: which

text: crosses

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: Thames

text: Valley

text: is

text: a

text: floodplain

text: surrounded

text: by

text: gently

text: rolling

text: hills

text: including

text: Parliament

text: Hill

text: Addington

text: Hills

text: and

text: Primrose

text: Hill

text: The

text: Thames

text: was

text: once

text: a

text: much

text: broader

text: shallower

text: river

text: with

text: extensive

text: marshlands

text: at

text: high

text: tide

text: its

text: shores

text: reached

text: five

text: times

text: their

text: present

text: width

question: In the past, how much wider was the River Thames than it is today?

answer: five times

text: five times

question: What was the population density of Greater London in 2001?

answer: 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi)

text: 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi)

question: In which direction does the River Thames run through the City of London?

answer: the south-west to the east

text: the south-west to the east

question: What is the population of the London Metropolitan Region?

answer: 13,709,000

question: What is the main geographical landmark in London?

answer: the Thames

text: the Thames


text: The first such boom, covering the early years of the city, rode on the lumber industry. (During this period the road now known as Yesler Way won the nickname "Skid Road", supposedly after the timber skidding down the hill to Henry Yesler's sawmill. The later dereliction of the area may be a possible origin for the term which later entered the wider American lexicon as Skid Row.) Like much of the American West, Seattle saw numerous conflicts between labor and management, as well as ethnic tensions that culminated in the anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886. This violence originated with unemployed whites who were determined to drive the Chinese from Seattle (anti-Chinese riots also occurred in Tacoma). In 1900, Asians were 4.2% of the population. Authorities declared martial law and federal troops arrived to put down the disorder.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: first

text: such

text: boom

text: covering

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: rode

text: on

text: the

text: lumber

text: industry

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: road

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Yesler

text: Way

text: won

text: the

text: nickname

text: Skid

text: Road

text: supposedly

text: after

text: the

text: timber

text: skidding

text: down

text: the

text: hill

text: to

text: Henry

text: Yesler

text: 's

text: sawmill

text: The

text: later

text: dereliction

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: possible

text: origin

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: which

text: later

text: entered

text: the

text: wider

text: American

text: lexicon

text: as

text: Skid

text: Row

text: Like

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: West

text: Seattle

text: saw

text: numerous

text: conflicts

text: between

text: labor

text: and

text: management

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ethnic

text: tensions

text: that

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: anti

text: Chinese

text: riots

text: of

text: This

text: violence

text: originated

text: with

text: unemployed

text: whites

text: who

text: were

text: determined

text: to

text: drive

text: the

text: Chinese

text: from

text: Seattle

text: anti

text: Chinese

text: riots

text: also

text: occurred

text: in

text: Tacoma

text: In

text: Asians

text: were

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Authorities

text: declared

text: martial

text: law

text: and

text: federal

text: troops

text: arrived

text: to

text: put

text: down

text: the

text: disorder

question: What was the industry source that produced Seattle's first financial vigor?

answer: lumber

text: lumber

question: What name was given to the street Yesler Way?

answer: Skid Road

text: Skid Road

question: After Yesler Way fell into ill refute, what was the term generally used for this type of decline?

answer: Skid Row

text: Skid Row

question: What events occurred in 1885-1886 due to racial disputes?

answer: anti-Chinese riots

text: anti-Chinese riots

question: What percentage of the Seattle population was Asian in 1900?

answer: 4.2%