text: Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems, looked at from the basis of the structure of societies. Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started increasingly to study more "complex" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena. The turn towards complex societies meant that political themes were taken up at two main levels. First of all, anthropologists continued to study political organization and political phenomena that lay outside the state-regulated sphere (as in patron-client relations or tribal political organization). Second of all, anthropologists slowly started to develop a disciplinary concern with states and their institutions (and of course on the relationship between formal and informal political institutions). An anthropology of the state developed, and it is a most thriving field today. Geertz' comparative work on "Negara", the Balinese state is an early, famous example.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Political

text: anthropology

text: concerns

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: political

text: systems

text: looked

text: at

text: from

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: societies

text: Political

text: anthropology

text: developed

text: as

text: a

text: discipline

text: concerned

text: primarily

text: with

text: politics

text: in

text: stateless

text: societies

text: a

text: new

text: development

text: started

text: from

text: the

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: unfolding

text: anthropologists

text: started

text: increasingly

text: to

text: study

text: more

text: complex

text: social

text: settings

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: states

text: bureaucracies

text: and

text: markets

text: entered

text: both

text: ethnographic

text: accounts

text: and

text: analysis

text: of

text: local

text: phenomena

text: The

text: turn

text: towards

text: complex

text: societies

text: meant

text: that

text: political

text: themes

text: were

text: taken

text: up

text: at

text: two

text: main

text: levels

text: First

text: of

text: all

text: anthropologists

text: continued

text: to

text: study

text: political

text: organization

text: and

text: political

text: phenomena

text: that

text: lay

text: outside

text: the

text: state

text: regulated

text: sphere

text: as

text: in

text: patron

text: client

text: relations

text: or

text: tribal

text: political

text: organization

text: Second

text: of

text: all

text: anthropologists

text: slowly

text: started

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: disciplinary

text: concern

text: with

text: states

text: and

text: their

text: institutions

text: and

text: of

text: course

text: on

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: formal

text: and

text: informal

text: political

text: institutions

text: An

text: anthropology

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: developed

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: most

text: thriving

text: field

text: today

text: Geertz

text: comparative

text: work

text: on

text: Negara

text: the

text: Balinese

text: state

text: is

text: an

text: early

text: famous

text: example

question: What type of anthropology is interested in the structure of political systems?

answer: Political

text: Political

question: From what basis do political anthropologists examine the structure of political systems?

answer: structure of societies

text: structure of societies

question: When did the new development of a stateless society come about?

answer: the 1960s

text: the 1960s

question: The presence of states, bureaucracies and markets makes for what type of social setting?

answer: "complex"

text: "complex"

question: Who did a comparative work on a Balinese state?

answer: Geertz

text: Geertz

question: What field of anthropology concerns the stucture of governments?

text: Political anthropology

question: Political anthropology was primarily concerned with the politics of strong what?

text: societies

question: Political anthropology turned from complex socities to what?

text: stateless societies

question: When did the study of stateless societies begin?


text: Light is the signal by which plants synchronize their internal clocks to their environment and is sensed by a wide variety of photoreceptors. Red and blue light are absorbed through several phytochromes and cryptochromes. One phytochrome, phyA, is the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the dark but rapidly degrades in light to produce Cry1. Phytochromes B–E are more stable with phyB, the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the light. The cryptochrome (cry) gene is also a light-sensitive component of the circadian clock and is thought to be involved both as a photoreceptor and as part of the clock's endogenous pacemaker mechanism. Cryptochromes 1–2 (involved in blue–UVA) help to maintain the period length in the clock through a whole range of light conditions.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Light

text: is

text: the

text: signal

text: by

text: which

text: plants

text: synchronize

text: their

text: internal

text: clocks

text: to

text: their

text: environment

text: and

text: is

text: sensed

text: by

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: photoreceptors

text: Red

text: and

text: blue

text: light

text: are

text: absorbed

text: through

text: several

text: phytochromes

text: and

text: cryptochromes

text: One

text: phytochrome

text: phyA

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: phytochrome

text: in

text: seedlings

text: grown

text: in

text: the

text: dark

text: but

text: rapidly

text: degrades

text: in

text: light

text: to

text: produce

text: Phytochromes

text: B

text: E

text: are

text: more

text: stable

text: with

text: phyB

text: the

text: main

text: phytochrome

text: in

text: seedlings

text: grown

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: The

text: cryptochrome

text: cry

text: gene

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: light

text: sensitive

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: circadian

text: clock

text: and

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: both

text: as

text: a

text: photoreceptor

text: and

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: clock

text: 's

text: endogenous

text: pacemaker

text: mechanism

text: Cryptochromes

text: involved

text: in

text: blue

text: UVA

text: help

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: period

text: length

text: in

text: the

text: clock

text: through

text: a

text: whole

text: range

text: of

text: light

text: conditions

question: What signals plants to synchronize their internal clocks?

answer: Light

text: Light

question: What do plants use to sense light?

answer: photoreceptors

text: photoreceptors

question: What receptors absorb red and blue light in plants?

answer: phytochromes and cryptochromes

text: phytochromes and cryptochromes

question: Which phytochrome found in seedlings deteriorates with light and growth?

answer: phyA

text: phyA

question: What is the main phytochrome found in seedling grown in light?

answer: phyB

text: phyB

question: What absorbes white light for plants?

text: several phytochromes and cryptochromes

question: What does Cry 1 degrade to?

text: phyA

question: What is Cry 1 is the main phytochtome for?

text: seedlings grown in the dark

question: What photochromes are less stable than phyA?

text: Phytochromes B–E


text: Coffeehouses represent a turning point in history during which people discovered that they could have enjoyable social lives within their communities. Coffeeshops became homes away from home for many who sought, for the first time, to engage in discourse with their neighbors and discuss intriguing and thought-provoking matters, especially those regarding philosophy to politics. Coffeehouses were essential to the Enlightenment, for they were centers of free-thinking and self-discovery. Although many coffeehouse patrons were scholars, a great deal were not. Coffeehouses attracted a diverse set of people, including not only the educated wealthy but also members of the bourgeoisie and the lower class. While it may seem positive that patrons, being doctors, lawyers, merchants, etc. represented almost all classes, the coffeeshop environment sparked fear in those who sought to preserve class distinction. One of the most popular critiques of the coffeehouse claimed that it "allowed promiscuous association among people from different rungs of the social ladder, from the artisan to the aristocrat" and was therefore compared to Noah's Ark, receiving all types of animals, clean or unclean. This unique culture served as a catalyst for journalism when Joseph Addison and Richard Steele recognized its potential as an audience. Together, Steele and Addison published The Spectator (1711), a daily publication which aimed, through fictional narrator Mr. Spectator, both to entertain and to provoke discussion regarding serious philosophical matters.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Coffeehouses

text: represent

text: a

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: history

text: during

text: which

text: people

text: discovered

text: that

text: they

text: could

text: have

text: enjoyable

text: social

text: lives

text: within

text: their

text: communities

text: Coffeeshops

text: became

text: homes

text: away

text: from

text: home

text: for

text: many

text: who

text: sought

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: discourse

text: with

text: their

text: neighbors

text: and

text: discuss

text: intriguing

text: and

text: thought

text: provoking

text: matters

text: especially

text: those

text: regarding

text: philosophy

text: to

text: politics

text: Coffeehouses

text: were

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: for

text: they

text: were

text: centers

text: of

text: free

text: thinking

text: and

text: self

text: discovery

text: Although

text: many

text: coffeehouse

text: patrons

text: were

text: scholars

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: were

text: not

text: Coffeehouses

text: attracted

text: a

text: diverse

text: set

text: of

text: people

text: including

text: not

text: only

text: the

text: educated

text: wealthy

text: but

text: also

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: bourgeoisie

text: and

text: the

text: lower

text: class

text: While

text: it

text: may

text: seem

text: positive

text: that

text: patrons

text: being

text: doctors

text: lawyers

text: merchants

text: etc

text: represented

text: almost

text: all

text: classes

text: the

text: coffeeshop

text: environment

text: sparked

text: fear

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: sought

text: to

text: preserve

text: class

text: distinction

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: critiques

text: of

text: the

text: coffeehouse

text: claimed

text: that

text: it

text: allowed

text: promiscuous

text: association

text: among

text: people

text: from

text: different

text: rungs

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: ladder

text: from

text: the

text: artisan

text: to

text: the

text: aristocrat

text: and

text: was

text: therefore

text: compared

text: to

text: Noah

text: 's

text: Ark

text: receiving

text: all

text: types

text: of

text: animals

text: clean

text: or

text: unclean

text: This

text: unique

text: culture

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: catalyst

text: for

text: journalism

text: when

text: Joseph

text: Addison

text: and

text: Richard

text: Steele

text: recognized

text: its

text: potential

text: as

text: an

text: audience

text: Together

text: Steele

text: and

text: Addison

text: published

text: The

text: Spectator

text: a

text: daily

text: publication

text: which

text: aimed

text: through

text: fictional

text: narrator

text: Mr.

text: Spectator

text: both

text: to

text: entertain

text: and

text: to

text: provoke

text: discussion

text: regarding

text: serious

text: philosophical

text: matters

question: Which venue represents a turning point in history during which people discovered that they could have enjoyable social lives within their communities?

answer: Coffeehouses

text: Coffeehouses

question: Coffehouses were essential to what movement by becoming centers of free-thinking and self-discovery?

answer: the Enlightenment

text: the Enlightenment

question: In what year was The Spectator published?

answer: 1711

question: Which literary work used the fictional narrator Mr. Spectator to entertain and provoke discussion regarding serious philosophical matters?

answer: The Spectator

text: The Spectator


text: Database storage is the container of the physical materialization of a database. It comprises the internal (physical) level in the database architecture. It also contains all the information needed (e.g., metadata, "data about the data", and internal data structures) to reconstruct the conceptual level and external level from the internal level when needed. Putting data into permanent storage is generally the responsibility of the database engine a.k.a. "storage engine". Though typically accessed by a DBMS through the underlying operating system (and often utilizing the operating systems' file systems as intermediates for storage layout), storage properties and configuration setting are extremely important for the efficient operation of the DBMS, and thus are closely maintained by database administrators. A DBMS, while in operation, always has its database residing in several types of storage (e.g., memory and external storage). The database data and the additional needed information, possibly in very large amounts, are coded into bits. Data typically reside in the storage in structures that look completely different from the way the data look in the conceptual and external levels, but in ways that attempt to optimize (the best possible) these levels' reconstruction when needed by users and programs, as well as for computing additional types of needed information from the data (e.g., when querying the database).

title: Database

title: Database

text: Database

text: storage

text: is

text: the

text: container

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: materialization

text: of

text: a

text: database

text: It

text: comprises

text: the

text: internal

text: physical

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: database

text: architecture

text: It

text: also

text: contains

text: all

text: the

text: information

text: needed

text: e.g.

text: metadata

text: data

text: about

text: the

text: data

text: and

text: internal

text: data

text: structures

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: the

text: conceptual

text: level

text: and

text: external

text: level

text: from

text: the

text: internal

text: level

text: when

text: needed

text: Putting

text: data

text: into

text: permanent

text: storage

text: is

text: generally

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: database

text: engine

text: a.k.a

text: storage

text: engine

text: Though

text: typically

text: accessed

text: by

text: a

text: DBMS

text: through

text: the

text: underlying

text: operating

text: system

text: and

text: often

text: utilizing

text: the

text: operating

text: systems

text: file

text: systems

text: as

text: intermediates

text: for

text: storage

text: layout

text: storage

text: properties

text: and

text: configuration

text: setting

text: are

text: extremely

text: important

text: for

text: the

text: efficient

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: DBMS

text: and

text: thus

text: are

text: closely

text: maintained

text: by

text: database

text: administrators

text: A

text: DBMS

text: while

text: in

text: operation

text: always

text: has

text: its

text: database

text: residing

text: in

text: several

text: types

text: of

text: storage

text: e.g.

text: memory

text: and

text: external

text: storage

text: The

text: database

text: data

text: and

text: the

text: additional

text: needed

text: information

text: possibly

text: in

text: very

text: large

text: amounts

text: are

text: coded

text: into

text: bits

text: Data

text: typically

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: storage

text: in

text: structures

text: that

text: look

text: completely

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: way

text: the

text: data

text: look

text: in

text: the

text: conceptual

text: and

text: external

text: levels

text: but

text: in

text: ways

text: that

text: attempt

text: to

text: optimize

text: the

text: best

text: possible

text: these

text: levels

text: reconstruction

text: when

text: needed

text: by

text: users

text: and

text: programs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: computing

text: additional

text: types

text: of

text: needed

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: data

text: e.g.

text: when

text: querying

text: the

text: database

question: What is responsible for putting information into permanent storage?

answer: database engine

text: database engine

question: What is database storage?

answer: physical materialization of a database

text: physical materialization of a database

question: What do database administrators closely monitor?

answer: storage properties and configuration setting

text: storage properties and configuration setting

question: While working, does DBMS store information in one place?

answer: several types of storage

text: several types of storage

question: What are huge quantities of information stored as?

answer: bits

text: bits

question: What is responsible for losing information in permanent storage?

text: database engine

question: What is no longer considered database storage?

text: physical materialization of a database

question: What do database administrators loosely monitor?

question: How many types of storage are not utilized for DBMS?

text: several types of storage

question: What are no quantities of information stored as?

text: bits


text: The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Korean

text: War

text: was

text: a

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: its

text: United

text: Nations

text: allies

text: and

text: the

text: communist

text: powers

text: under

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: also

text: a

text: UN

text: member

text: nation

text: and

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: which

text: later

text: also

text: gained

text: UN

text: membership

text: The

text: principal

text: combatants

text: were

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: Principal

text: allies

text: of

text: South

text: Korea

text: included

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: although

text: many

text: other

text: nations

text: sent

text: troops

text: under

text: the

text: aegis

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Allies

text: of

text: North

text: Korea

text: included

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: which

text: supplied

text: military

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: which

text: supplied

text: combat

text: advisors

text: and

text: aircraft

text: pilots

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: arms

text: for

text: the

text: Chinese

text: and

text: North

text: Korean

text: troops

question: What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War?

answer: the People's Republic of China

text: the People's Republic of China

question: What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: What country was the principal ally of South Korea during the war?

answer: the United States

text: the United States

question: What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war belong to?

answer: United Nations

text: United Nations

question: Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War?

answer: North and South Korea

text: North and South Korea

question: What country supplied troops to South Korea during the Korean War?

text: People's Republic of China

question: What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to South Korea?

text: Soviet Union

question: What country was the principal ally of North Korea during the war?

text: United States

question: What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war not belong to?

text: United Nations

question: Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Japanese War?

text: North and South Korea


text: Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012, and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block. Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics, a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provides an augmented reality experience to readers and Marvel NOW!, a relaunch of most of the company's major titles with different creative teams. Marvel NOW! also saw the debut of new flagship titles including Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men.

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: Marvel

text: discontinued

text: its

text: Marvel

text: Adventures

text: imprint

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: replaced

text: them

text: with

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: two

text: titles

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Marvel

text: Universe

text: TV

text: block

text: Also

text: in

text: March

text: Marvel

text: announced

text: its

text: Marvel

text: ReEvolution

text: initiative

text: that

text: included

text: Infinite

text: Comics

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: digital

text: comics

text: Marvel

text: AR

text: an

text: application

text: software

text: that

text: provides

text: an

text: augmented

text: reality

text: experience

text: to

text: readers

text: and

text: Marvel

text: NOW

text: a

text: relaunch

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: major

text: titles

text: with

text: different

text: creative

text: teams

text: Marvel

text: NOW

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: debut

text: of

text: new

text: flagship

text: titles

text: including

text: Uncanny

text: Avengers

text: and

text: All

text: New

text: X

text: Men

question: When did the Marvel Adventures line cease publishing?

answer: March 2012

text: March 2012

question: Infinite Comics is related to what comics media platform?

answer: digital comics

text: digital comics

question: What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?

answer: Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men

text: Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men

question: Marvel NOW!, Infinite Comics, and Marvel AR are under the umbrella of what in house business endeavor?

answer: Marvel ReEvolution

text: Marvel ReEvolution

question: What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?

answer: augmented reality

text: augmented reality

question: When did Marvel launch Marvel Adventures?

question: How many titles run on the Marvel Universe TV block?

text: two

question: What titles were released with Marvel AR?

text: Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men

question: When was Marvel NOW! canceled?

text: March 2012


text: In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species. Vestiges used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time. But it proposed a linear progression rather than the branching common descent theory behind Darwin's work in progress, and it ignored adaptation. Darwin read it soon after publication, and scorned its amateurish geology and zoology, but he carefully reviewed his own arguments after leading scientists, including Adam Sedgwick, attacked its morality and scientific errors. Vestiges had significant influence on public opinion, and the intense debate helped to pave the way for the acceptance of the more scientifically sophisticated Origin by moving evolutionary speculation into the mainstream. While few naturalists were willing to consider transmutation, Herbert Spencer became an active proponent of Lamarckism and progressive development in the 1850s.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: anonymously

text: published

text: popular

text: science

text: book

text: Vestiges

text: of

text: the

text: Natural

text: History

text: of

text: Creation

text: written

text: by

text: Scottish

text: journalist

text: Robert

text: Chambers

text: widened

text: public

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: transmutation

text: of

text: species

text: Vestiges

text: used

text: evidence

text: from

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: and

text: embryology

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: claim

text: that

text: living

text: things

text: had

text: progressed

text: from

text: the

text: simple

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: complex

text: over

text: time

text: But

text: it

text: proposed

text: a

text: linear

text: progression

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: branching

text: common

text: descent

text: theory

text: behind

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: work

text: in

text: progress

text: and

text: it

text: ignored

text: adaptation

text: Darwin

text: read

text: it

text: soon

text: after

text: publication

text: and

text: scorned

text: its

text: amateurish

text: geology

text: and

text: zoology

text: but

text: he

text: carefully

text: reviewed

text: his

text: own

text: arguments

text: after

text: leading

text: scientists

text: including

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: attacked

text: its

text: morality

text: and

text: scientific

text: errors

text: Vestiges

text: had

text: significant

text: influence

text: on

text: public

text: opinion

text: and

text: the

text: intense

text: debate

text: helped

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: acceptance

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: scientifically

text: sophisticated

text: Origin

text: by

text: moving

text: evolutionary

text: speculation

text: into

text: the

text: mainstream

text: While

text: few

text: naturalists

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: consider

text: transmutation

text: Herbert

text: Spencer

text: became

text: an

text: active

text: proponent

text: of

text: Lamarckism

text: and

text: progressive

text: development

text: in

text: the

question: What was the name of the anonymously published science book?

answer: Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

text: Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

question: What kind of progression did Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation propose?

answer: a linear progression

text: a linear progression

question: Who wrote Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation?

answer: Robert Chambers

text: Robert Chambers

question: What was the evidence in Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation used to support?

answer: that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time.

text: that living things had progressed from the simple to the more complex over time.

question: Which scientist was in favor of Lamarckism in the 1850s?

answer: Herbert Spencer

text: Herbert Spencer


text: A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: A

text: cabinet

text: of

text: coins

text: is

text: the

text: Münzkabinett

text: der

text: TUI

text: AG

text: The

text: Polizeigeschichtliche

text: Sammlung

text: Niedersachsen

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: police

text: museum

text: in

text: Germany

text: Textiles

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: can

text: be

text: visited

text: in

text: the

text: Museum

text: for

text: textile

text: art

text: The

text: EXPOseeum

text: is

text: the

text: museum

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: exhibition

text: EXPO

text: Hannover

text: Carpets

text: and

text: objects

text: from

text: the

text: orient

text: can

text: be

text: visited

text: in

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Carpet

text: Museum

text: The

text: Blind

text: Man

text: Museum

text: is

text: a

text: rarity

text: in

text: Germany

text: another

text: one

text: is

text: only

text: in

text: Berlin

text: The

text: Museum

text: of

text: veterinary

text: medicine

text: is

text: unique

text: in

text: Germany

text: The

text: Museum

text: for

text: Energy

text: History

text: describes

text: the

text: years

text: old

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: energy

text: The

text: Home

text: Museum

text: Ahlem

text: shows

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Ahlem

text: The

text: Mahn-

text: und

text: Gedenkstätte

text: Ahlem

text: describes

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: in

text: Hanover

text: and

text: the

text: Stiftung

text: Ahlers

text: Pro

text: Arte

text: Kestner

text: Pro

text: Arte

text: shows

text: modern

text: art

text: Modern

text: art

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: main

text: topic

text: of

text: the

text: Kunsthalle

text: Faust

text: the

text: Nord

text: LB

text: Art

text: Gellery

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Foro

text: Artistico

text: Eisfabrik

question: What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG?

answer: A cabinet of coins

text: A cabinet of coins

question: What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany?

answer: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen

text: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen

question: Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient?

answer: Oriental Carpet Museum

text: Oriental Carpet Museum

question: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?

answer: Berlin

text: Berlin

question: What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust?

answer: Modern art

text: Modern art

question: What is a box of coins?

text: Münzkabinett der TUI-AG

question: What is the name of the only police Museum in Germany?

question: What building contains textiles from all over Germany?

text: Museum for textile art

question: Carpets and other objects from around the world can be found in what museum?

text: Oriental Carpet Museum

question: What does the Museum of natural energy history describe


text: In his Physics, book IV, Aristotle offered numerous arguments against the void: for example, that motion through a medium which offered no impediment could continue ad infinitum, there being no reason that something would come to rest anywhere in particular. Although Lucretius argued for the existence of vacuum in the first century BC and Hero of Alexandria tried unsuccessfully to create an artificial vacuum in the first century AD, it was European scholars such as Roger Bacon, Blasius of Parma and Walter Burley in the 13th and 14th century who focused considerable attention on these issues. Eventually following Stoic physics in this instance, scholars from the 14th century onward increasingly departed from the Aristotelian perspective in favor of a supernatural void beyond the confines of the cosmos itself, a conclusion widely acknowledged by the 17th century, which helped to segregate natural and theological concerns.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: In

text: his

text: Physics

text: book

text: IV

text: Aristotle

text: offered

text: numerous

text: arguments

text: against

text: the

text: void

text: for

text: example

text: that

text: motion

text: through

text: a

text: medium

text: which

text: offered

text: no

text: impediment

text: could

text: continue

text: ad

text: infinitum

text: there

text: being

text: no

text: reason

text: that

text: something

text: would

text: come

text: to

text: rest

text: anywhere

text: in

text: particular

text: Although

text: Lucretius

text: argued

text: for

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: vacuum

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: Hero

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: tried

text: unsuccessfully

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: artificial

text: vacuum

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: AD

text: it

text: was

text: European

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Roger

text: Bacon

text: Blasius

text: of

text: Parma

text: and

text: Walter

text: Burley

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: who

text: focused

text: considerable

text: attention

text: on

text: these

text: issues

text: Eventually

text: following

text: Stoic

text: physics

text: in

text: this

text: instance

text: scholars

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: onward

text: increasingly

text: departed

text: from

text: the

text: Aristotelian

text: perspective

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: supernatural

text: void

text: beyond

text: the

text: confines

text: of

text: the

text: cosmos

text: itself

text: a

text: conclusion

text: widely

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: which

text: helped

text: to

text: segregate

text: natural

text: and

text: theological

text: concerns

question: In what century did believes start to move away from Aristotle's idea regarding a void?

answer: 14th century

text: 14th century

question: What thought process was used in the beginning belief of the existence of vacuums?

answer: Stoic physics

text: Stoic physics

question: What belief regarding a cosmic void was accepted by most in the 17th century?

answer: a supernatural void beyond the confines of the cosmos itself

text: a supernatural void beyond the confines of the cosmos itself

question: Roger Bacon,Walter Burley and Blasius of Parma were from what century?

answer: 13th and 14th

text: 13th and 14th

question: What book was written by Lucretius?

text: Physics, book IV

question: How many arguments against the void did Lucretius give in his Physics, book IV?

text: numerous

question: In what year did Aristotle first study physics?

text: first century BC

question: What did Lucretuis try to unsuccessfully create in the 14th century?

text: an artificial vacuum

question: What belief about a void was accepted by most in the first cenury AD?


text: Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: Like

text: most

text: of

text: southern

text: California

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: 's

text: current

text: area

text: was

text: originally

text: occupied

text: by

text: chaparral

text: a

text: plant

text: community

text: made

text: up

text: mostly

text: of

text: drought

text: resistant

text: shrubs

text: The

text: endangered

text: Torrey

text: pine

text: has

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: in

text: a

text: stretch

text: of

text: protected

text: chaparral

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: The

text: steep

text: and

text: varied

text: topography

text: and

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: create

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: habitats

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: including

text: tidal

text: marsh

text: and

text: canyons

text: The

text: chaparral

text: and

text: coastal

text: sage

text: scrub

text: habitats

text: in

text: low

text: elevations

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: are

text: prone

text: to

text: wildfire

text: and

text: the

text: rates

text: of

text: fire

text: have

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: due

text: primarily

text: to

text: fires

text: starting

text: near

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: urban

text: and

text: wild

text: areas

question: What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego?

answer: Torrey pine

text: Torrey pine

question: What drought-resistant shrub is San Diego known for?

answer: chaparral

text: chaparral

question: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Diego?

answer: low elevations

text: low elevations

question: What disadvantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?

answer: prone to wildfire

text: prone to wildfire

question: How is San Diego able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?

answer: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats

text: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats

question: What trees are protected along the coast of San Francisco?

text: Torrey pine

question: What drought-resistant shrub is San Francisco known for?

text: chaparral

question: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Francisco?

text: low elevations

question: What advantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?

text: prone to wildfire

question: How is San Francisco able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?


text: Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working as intended. Typically, regressions occur as an unintended consequence of program changes, when the newly developed part of the software collides with the previously existing code. Common methods of regression testing include re-running previous sets of test-cases and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged. The depth of testing depends on the phase in the release process and the risk of the added features. They can either be complete, for changes added late in the release or deemed to be risky, or be very shallow, consisting of positive tests on each feature, if the changes are early in the release or deemed to be of low risk. Regression testing is typically the largest test effort in commercial software development, due to checking numerous details in prior software features, and even new software can be developed while using some old test-cases to test parts of the new design to ensure prior functionality is still supported.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Regression

text: testing

text: focuses

text: on

text: finding

text: defects

text: after

text: a

text: major

text: code

text: change

text: has

text: occurred

text: Specifically

text: it

text: seeks

text: to

text: uncover

text: software

text: regressions

text: as

text: degraded

text: or

text: lost

text: features

text: including

text: old

text: bugs

text: that

text: have

text: come

text: back

text: Such

text: regressions

text: occur

text: whenever

text: software

text: functionality

text: that

text: was

text: previously

text: working

text: correctly

text: stops

text: working

text: as

text: intended

text: Typically

text: regressions

text: occur

text: as

text: an

text: unintended

text: consequence

text: of

text: program

text: changes

text: when

text: the

text: newly

text: developed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: software

text: collides

text: with

text: the

text: previously

text: existing

text: code

text: Common

text: methods

text: of

text: regression

text: testing

text: include

text: re

text: running

text: previous

text: sets

text: of

text: test

text: cases

text: and

text: checking

text: whether

text: previously

text: fixed

text: faults

text: have

text: re

text: emerged

text: The

text: depth

text: of

text: testing

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: phase

text: in

text: the

text: release

text: process

text: and

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: the

text: added

text: features

text: They

text: can

text: either

text: be

text: complete

text: for

text: changes

text: added

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: release

text: or

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: risky

text: or

text: be

text: very

text: shallow

text: consisting

text: of

text: positive

text: tests

text: on

text: each

text: feature

text: if

text: the

text: changes

text: are

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: release

text: or

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: low

text: risk

text: Regression

text: testing

text: is

text: typically

text: the

text: largest

text: test

text: effort

text: in

text: commercial

text: software

text: development

text: due

text: to

text: checking

text: numerous

text: details

text: in

text: prior

text: software

text: features

text: and

text: even

text: new

text: software

text: can

text: be

text: developed

text: while

text: using

text: some

text: old

text: test

text: cases

text: to

text: test

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: design

text: to

text: ensure

text: prior

text: functionality

text: is

text: still

text: supported

question: Finding defects once a change in code had already happened is called?

answer: Regression testing

text: Regression testing

question: What happens to software after a major change in code that leads to regression??

answer: stops working as intended

text: stops working as intended

question: What is a common method used during regression testing?

answer: re-running previous sets of test-cases

text: re-running previous sets of test-cases

question: What determines how deep a tester will go during regression?

answer: phase in the release process and the risk of the added features

text: phase in the release process and the risk of the added features

question: If changes need to occur during the softwares early release with regression testing how much of an impact does this have on the team as related to other testing?

answer: typically the largest test effort in commercial software development

text: typically the largest test effort in commercial software development

question: What type of testing is used to find defects after minor code changes?

text: Regression testing

question: How does regression testing classify recovering software regressions?

text: as degraded or lost features

question: Usually regressions happen as an intended consequence of what?

text: program changes

question: What are common methods of regression coding?

question: What is usually the largest test effort in personal software development?

text: Regression testing


text: In the extreme empiricism of the neopositivists—at least before the 1930s—any genuinely synthetic assertion must be reducible to an ultimate assertion (or set of ultimate assertions) that expresses direct observations or perceptions. In later years, Carnap and Neurath abandoned this sort of phenomenalism in favor of a rational reconstruction of knowledge into the language of an objective spatio-temporal physics. That is, instead of translating sentences about physical objects into sense-data, such sentences were to be translated into so-called protocol sentences, for example, "X at location Y and at time T observes such and such." The central theses of logical positivism (verificationism, the analytic-synthetic distinction, reductionism, etc.) came under sharp attack after World War II by thinkers such as Nelson Goodman, W.V. Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty. By the late 1960s, it had become evident to most philosophers that the movement had pretty much run its course, though its influence is still significant among contemporary analytic philosophers such as Michael Dummett and other anti-realists.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: In

text: the

text: extreme

text: empiricism

text: of

text: the

text: neopositivists

text: at

text: least

text: before

text: the

text: any

text: genuinely

text: synthetic

text: assertion

text: must

text: be

text: reducible

text: to

text: an

text: ultimate

text: assertion

text: or

text: set

text: of

text: ultimate

text: assertions

text: that

text: expresses

text: direct

text: observations

text: or

text: perceptions

text: In

text: later

text: years

text: Carnap

text: and

text: Neurath

text: abandoned

text: this

text: sort

text: of

text: phenomenalism

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: rational

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: knowledge

text: into

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: an

text: objective

text: spatio

text: temporal

text: physics

text: That

text: is

text: instead

text: of

text: translating

text: sentences

text: about

text: physical

text: objects

text: into

text: sense

text: data

text: such

text: sentences

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: translated

text: into

text: so

text: called

text: protocol

text: sentences

text: for

text: example

text: X

text: at

text: location

text: Y

text: and

text: at

text: time

text: T

text: observes

text: such

text: and

text: such

text: The

text: central

text: theses

text: of

text: logical

text: positivism

text: verificationism

text: the

text: analytic

text: synthetic

text: distinction

text: reductionism

text: etc

text: came

text: under

text: sharp

text: attack

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: by

text: thinkers

text: such

text: as

text: Nelson

text: Goodman

text: W.V.

text: Quine

text: Hilary

text: Putnam

text: Karl

text: Popper

text: and

text: Richard

text: Rorty

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: it

text: had

text: become

text: evident

text: to

text: most

text: philosophers

text: that

text: the

text: movement

text: had

text: pretty

text: much

text: run

text: its

text: course

text: though

text: its

text: influence

text: is

text: still

text: significant

text: among

text: contemporary

text: analytic

text: philosophers

text: such

text: as

text: Michael

text: Dummett

text: and

text: other

text: anti

text: realists

question: Who were extreme empiricists?

answer: neopositivists

text: neopositivists

question: Who attacked logical positivism?

answer: Nelson Goodman, W.V. Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty

text: Nelson Goodman, W.V. Quine, Hilary Putnam, Karl Popper, and Richard Rorty

question: What position does Dummett take?

answer: anti-realists

text: anti-realists

question: Who abandoned phenomenalism?

answer: Carnap and Neurath

text: Carnap and Neurath

question: When did Carnap and Neurath leave phenomenalism?

question: When did Michael Dummett begin championing neopositivism?

text: the late 1960s

question: When was logical positivism at its most popular?

text: after World War II

question: What war led to the abandonment of phenomenalism?

text: World War II

question: What position did Hilary Putnam favour?

text: logical positivism


text: Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the growth of conductive metal filaments on or in a printed circuit board (PCB) under the influence of a DC voltage bias. Silver, zinc, and aluminum are known to grow whiskers under the influence of an electric field. Silver also grows conducting surface paths in the presence of halide and other ions, making it a poor choice for electronics use. Tin will grow "whiskers" due to tension in the plated surface. Tin-Lead or solder plating also grows whiskers, only reduced by the percentage Tin replaced. Reflow to melt solder or tin plate to relieve surface stress lowers whisker incidence. Another coating issue is tin pest, the transformation of tin to a powdery allotrope at low temperature.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Electrochemical

text: migration

text: ECM

text: is

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: conductive

text: metal

text: filaments

text: on

text: or

text: in

text: a

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: PCB

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: a

text: DC

text: voltage

text: bias

text: Silver

text: zinc

text: and

text: aluminum

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: grow

text: whiskers

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: Silver

text: also

text: grows

text: conducting

text: surface

text: paths

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: halide

text: and

text: other

text: ions

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: poor

text: choice

text: for

text: electronics

text: use

text: Tin

text: will

text: grow

text: whiskers

text: due

text: to

text: tension

text: in

text: the

text: plated

text: surface

text: Tin

text: Lead

text: or

text: solder

text: plating

text: also

text: grows

text: whiskers

text: only

text: reduced

text: by

text: the

text: percentage

text: Tin

text: replaced

text: Reflow

text: to

text: melt

text: solder

text: or

text: tin

text: plate

text: to

text: relieve

text: surface

text: stress

text: lowers

text: whisker

text: incidence

text: Another

text: coating

text: issue

text: is

text: tin

text: pest

text: the

text: transformation

text: of

text: tin

text: to

text: a

text: powdery

text: allotrope

text: at

text: low

text: temperature

question: What's the process whereby metal filaments are grown on or in a PCB via DC voltage?

answer: Electrochemical migration

text: Electrochemical migration

question: Along with silver and aluminum, what metal grows metal filaments when exposed to an electric field?

answer: zinc

text: zinc

question: In addition to "whiskers," what does silver sprout around ions like halide?

answer: conducting surface paths

text: conducting surface paths

question: What do scientist call the function whereby tin changes when it's very cold?

answer: tin pest

text: tin pest

question: What's present in plated surfaces that causes tin to grow metal filaments?

answer: tension

text: tension

question: What material is a good choice for electronics use?

text: Silver

question: Tin plast is what type of issue?

text: coating

question: The transformation of silver to a powdery allotrope at low temperature is know as what?

text: tin pest

question: AC voltage bias helps promote the growth of what?

text: conductive metal filaments


text: In January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: average

text: annual

text: salary

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: This

text: was

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: and

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: average

text: for

text: the

text: South

text: East

question: What was Southampton's average annual salary in January of 2007?

answer: £22,267

question: How far below the national average is the average annual salary in Southampton?

answer: £1,700

question: How far below England's South East region is Southampton's average annual salary?

answer: £3,800


text: The majority of insects hatch from eggs. The fertilization and development takes place inside the egg, enclosed by a shell (chorion) that consists of maternal tissue. In contrast to eggs of other arthropods, most insect eggs are drought resistant. This is because inside the chorion two additional membranes develop from embryonic tissue, the amnion and the serosa. This serosa secretes a cuticle rich in chitin that protects the embryo against desiccation. In Schizophora however the serosa does not develop, but these flies lay their eggs in damp places, such as rotting matter. Some species of insects, like the cockroach Blaptica dubia, as well as juvenile aphids and tsetse flies, are ovoviviparous. The eggs of ovoviviparous animals develop entirely inside the female, and then hatch immediately upon being laid. Some other species, such as those in the genus of cockroaches known as Diploptera, are viviparous, and thus gestate inside the mother and are born alive.:129, 131, 134–135 Some insects, like parasitic wasps, show polyembryony, where a single fertilized egg divides into many and in some cases thousands of separate embryos.:136–137 Insects may be univoltine, bivoltine or multivoltine, i.e. they may have one, two or many broods (generations) in a year.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: insects

text: hatch

text: from

text: eggs

text: The

text: fertilization

text: and

text: development

text: takes

text: place

text: inside

text: the

text: egg

text: enclosed

text: by

text: a

text: shell

text: chorion

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: maternal

text: tissue

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: eggs

text: of

text: other

text: arthropods

text: most

text: insect

text: eggs

text: are

text: drought

text: resistant

text: This

text: is

text: because

text: inside

text: the

text: chorion

text: two

text: additional

text: membranes

text: develop

text: from

text: embryonic

text: tissue

text: the

text: amnion

text: and

text: the

text: serosa

text: This

text: serosa

text: secretes

text: a

text: cuticle

text: rich

text: in

text: chitin

text: that

text: protects

text: the

text: embryo

text: against

text: desiccation

text: In

text: Schizophora

text: however

text: the

text: serosa

text: does

text: not

text: develop

text: but

text: these

text: flies

text: lay

text: their

text: eggs

text: in

text: damp

text: places

text: such

text: as

text: rotting

text: matter

text: Some

text: species

text: of

text: insects

text: like

text: the

text: cockroach

text: Blaptica

text: dubia

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: juvenile

text: aphids

text: and

text: tsetse

text: flies

text: are

text: ovoviviparous

text: The

text: eggs

text: of

text: ovoviviparous

text: animals

text: develop

text: entirely

text: inside

text: the

text: female

text: and

text: then

text: hatch

text: immediately

text: upon

text: being

text: laid

text: Some

text: other

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: of

text: cockroaches

text: known

text: as

text: Diploptera

text: are

text: viviparous

text: and

text: thus

text: gestate

text: inside

text: the

text: mother

text: and

text: are

text: born

text: Some

text: insects

text: like

text: parasitic

text: wasps

text: show

text: polyembryony

text: where

text: a

text: single

text: fertilized

text: egg

text: divides

text: into

text: many

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: thousands

text: of

text: separate

text: Insects

text: may

text: be

text: univoltine

text: bivoltine

text: or

text: multivoltine

text: i.e.

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: one

text: two

text: or

text: many

text: broods

text: generations

text: in

text: a

text: year

question: Where are insects hatched from?

answer: eggs.

text: eggs.

question: Fertilization happens where?

answer: inside the egg

text: inside the egg

question: Fertilization and what else happens inside the egg?

answer: development

text: development

question: Chorion is another word for what?

answer: shell

text: shell

question: Broods is another term for what word?

answer: generations

text: generations


text: According to two researchers, Nesse and Williams, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism. As a result, if it is stopped, there might be a delay in recovery. They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotrope, Lomotil) caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated. The researchers indeed themselves observed that: "Lomotil may be contraindicated in shigellosis. Diarrhea may represent a defense mechanism".

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: According

text: to

text: two

text: researchers

text: Nesse

text: and

text: Williams

text: diarrhea

text: may

text: function

text: as

text: an

text: evolved

text: expulsion

text: defense

text: mechanism

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: stopped

text: there

text: might

text: be

text: a

text: delay

text: in

text: recovery

text: They

text: cite

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: this

text: argument

text: research

text: published

text: in

text: that

text: found

text: that

text: treating

text: Shigella

text: with

text: the

text: anti

text: diarrhea

text: drug

text: Co

text: phenotrope

text: Lomotil

text: caused

text: people

text: to

text: stay

text: feverish

text: twice

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: those

text: not

text: so

text: treated

text: The

text: researchers

text: indeed

text: themselves

text: observed

text: that

text: Lomotil

text: may

text: be

text: contraindicated

text: in

text: shigellosis

text: Diarrhea

text: may

text: represent

text: a

text: defense

text: mechanism

question: What did Nesse and Williams learn?

answer: diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism

text: diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism

question: If diarrhea is stopped, would could happen?

answer: there might be a delay in recovery.

text: there might be a delay in recovery.

question: What happened with people with Shigella were treated with anti-diarrheal medication?

answer: caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated.

text: caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated.

question: What is the function of Shigella?

text: an evolved expulsion defense mechanism

question: If research is stopped, what could happen?

text: there might be a delay in recovery

question: What happened to people with Lomotil when treated with anti diarrheal medication?

question: What is contraindicated in support of the argument?

text: Lomotil

question: What did the researchers discover about shigellosis?


text: From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: From

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: in

text: Europe

text: there

text: was

text: speculation

text: that

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: human

text: sexual

text: response

text: looked

text: more

text: like

text: a

text: continuum

text: than

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: discrete

text: categories

text: Berlin

text: sexologist

text: Magnus

text: Hirschfeld

text: published

text: a

text: scheme

text: in

text: that

text: measured

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: sexual

text: desire

text: on

text: two

text: independent

text: scales

text: A

text: homosexual

text: and

text: B

text: heterosexual

text: A

text: heterosexual

text: individual

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: homosexual

text: individual

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: asexual

text: would

text: be

text: and

text: someone

text: with

text: an

text: intense

text: attraction

text: to

text: both

text: sexes

text: would

text: be

question: Who was the sexologist that published a scheme in 1896?

answer: Magnus Hirschfeld

text: Magnus Hirschfeld

question: What did the published scheme attempt to do?

answer: measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire

text: measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire

question: How did the scheme measure desire?

answer: on two independent 10-point scales

text: on two independent 10-point scales

question: What were the two scales defined as?

answer: A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual)

text: A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual)

question: How many points were on each scale?

answer: 10-point

question: When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin?

answer: From at least the late nineteenth century

text: From at least the late nineteenth century

question: Who created the ten point scale on a persons sexuals desire?

answer: Magnus Hirschfeld

text: Magnus Hirschfeld

question: What year did Magnus Hirschfeld create the ten point scale on a persons sexual desire.

answer: 1896

question: On Magnus's ten point scale what would a homosexual person be considered?

answer: a homosexual individual may be A5, B0

text: a homosexual individual may be A5, B0

question: On the ten point scale what would an asexual person be considered as?

answer: an asexual would be A0, B0

text: an asexual would be A0, B0


text: At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canberra. The Governor-General of Australia resided at Government House in Melbourne until 1930 and many major national institutions remained in Melbourne well into the twentieth century.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: federation

text: on

text: January

text: Melbourne

text: became

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: federation

text: The

text: first

text: federal

text: parliament

text: was

text: convened

text: on

text: May

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Exhibition

text: Building

text: subsequently

text: moving

text: to

text: the

text: Victorian

text: Parliament

text: House

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: located

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: moved

text: to

text: Canberra

text: The

text: Governor

text: General

text: of

text: Australia

text: resided

text: at

text: Government

text: House

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: until

text: and

text: many

text: major

text: national

text: institutions

text: remained

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

question: On what date was the first federal parliament convened?

answer: 9 May 1901

text: 9 May 1901

question: Where was the first federal parliament convened in 1901?

answer: Royal Exhibition Building

text: Royal Exhibition Building

question: The Governor-General of Australia resided at the Government House in Melbourne until what year?

answer: 1930

question: Where was the federal parliament moved after 1927?

answer: Canberra

text: Canberra


text: In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what degree.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: In

text: principle

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: were

text: conceived

text: as

text: neighbourhood

text: schools

text: for

text: all

text: students

text: in

text: a

text: specified

text: catchment

text: area

text: Current

text: education

text: reforms

text: with

text: Academies

text: Programme

text: Free

text: Schools

text: and

text: University

text: Technical

text: Colleges

text: will

text: no

text: doubt

text: have

text: some

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: comprehensive

text: ideal

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: too

text: early

text: to

text: say

text: to

text: what

text: degree

question: What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?

answer: neighbourhood

text: neighbourhood

question: What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?

answer: Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges

text: Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges

question: What is a word that can't be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?

text: neighbourhood

question: What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of an uncomprehensive school's intake?

text: neighbourhood

question: What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's discharge?

text: neighbourhood

question: What are some old initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?

question: What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of uncomprehensive schools?


text: FETs are further divided into depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types, depending on whether the channel is turned on or off with zero gate-to-source voltage. For enhancement mode, the channel is off at zero bias, and a gate potential can "enhance" the conduction. For the depletion mode, the channel is on at zero bias, and a gate potential (of the opposite polarity) can "deplete" the channel, reducing conduction. For either mode, a more positive gate voltage corresponds to a higher current for n-channel devices and a lower current for p-channel devices. Nearly all JFETs are depletion-mode because the diode junctions would forward bias and conduct if they were enhancement-mode devices; most IGFETs are enhancement-mode types.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: FETs

text: are

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: depletion

text: mode

text: and

text: enhancement

text: mode

text: types

text: depending

text: on

text: whether

text: the

text: channel

text: is

text: turned

text: on

text: or

text: off

text: with

text: zero

text: gate

text: to

text: source

text: voltage

text: For

text: enhancement

text: mode

text: the

text: channel

text: is

text: off

text: at

text: zero

text: bias

text: and

text: a

text: gate

text: potential

text: can

text: enhance

text: the

text: conduction

text: For

text: the

text: depletion

text: mode

text: the

text: channel

text: is

text: on

text: at

text: zero

text: bias

text: and

text: a

text: gate

text: potential

text: of

text: the

text: opposite

text: polarity

text: can

text: deplete

text: the

text: channel

text: reducing

text: conduction

text: For

text: either

text: mode

text: a

text: more

text: positive

text: gate

text: voltage

text: corresponds

text: to

text: a

text: higher

text: current

text: for

text: n

text: channel

text: devices

text: and

text: a

text: lower

text: current

text: for

text: p

text: channel

text: devices

text: Nearly

text: all

text: JFETs

text: are

text: depletion

text: mode

text: because

text: the

text: diode

text: junctions

text: would

text: forward

text: bias

text: and

text: conduct

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: enhancement

text: mode

text: devices

text: most

text: IGFETs

text: are

text: enhancement

text: mode

text: types

question: How are FET's separated?

answer: depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types

text: depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types

question: At what point is a channel off in enhancement-mode?

answer: at zero bias

text: at zero bias

question: At what point is a channel on in depletion-mode?

answer: at zero bias

text: at zero bias

question: What channel corresponds with high current?

answer: n-channel devices

text: n-channel devices

question: What channel corresponds with low current?

answer: p-channel devices

text: p-channel devices

question: What type of FET is more common?

text: enhancement-mode types

question: What controls how positive the gate voltage is?

text: gate potential

question: What controls the gate potential of a FET?

text: higher current

question: What type of FET usually has a higher voltage?

text: depletion-mode


text: At the decision-making point of their lives, youth is susceptible to drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities. Developmental Intervention Science (DIS) is a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences. This association conducts youth interventions that mutually assist both the needs of the community as well as psychologically stranded youth by focusing on risky and inappropriate behaviors while promoting positive self-development along with self-esteem among adolescents.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: At

text: the

text: decision

text: making

text: point

text: of

text: their

text: lives

text: youth

text: is

text: susceptible

text: to

text: drug

text: addiction

text: sexual

text: abuse

text: peer

text: pressure

text: violent

text: crimes

text: and

text: other

text: illegal

text: activities

text: Developmental

text: Intervention

text: Science

text: DIS

text: is

text: a

text: fusion

text: of

text: the

text: literature

text: of

text: both

text: developmental

text: and

text: intervention

text: sciences

text: This

text: association

text: conducts

text: youth

text: interventions

text: that

text: mutually

text: assist

text: both

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: psychologically

text: stranded

text: youth

text: by

text: focusing

text: on

text: risky

text: and

text: inappropriate

text: behaviors

text: while

text: promoting

text: positive

text: self

text: development

text: along

text: with

text: self

text: esteem

text: among

text: adolescents

question: What is DIS?

answer: a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences

text: a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences

question: What are some of the negative things adolescents are susceptible to?

answer: drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities

text: drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities

question: What does the DIS focus on in adolescents?

answer: risky and inappropriate behaviors

text: risky and inappropriate behaviors


text: Brasília has also been the focus of modern-day literature. Published in 2008, The World In Grey: Dom Bosco's Prophecy, by author Ryan J. Lucero, tells an apocalypticle story based on the famous prophecy from the late 19th century by the Italian saint Don Bosco. According to Don Bosco's prophecy: "Between parallels 15 and 20, around a lake which shall be formed; A great civilization will thrive, and that will be the Promised Land." Brasília lies between the parallels 15° S and 20° S, where an artificial lake (Paranoá Lake) was formed. Don Bosco is Brasília's patron saint.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: Brasília

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: literature

text: Published

text: in

text: The

text: World

text: In

text: Grey

text: Dom

text: Bosco

text: 's

text: Prophecy

text: by

text: author

text: Ryan

text: J.

text: Lucero

text: tells

text: an

text: apocalypticle

text: story

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: famous

text: prophecy

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: by

text: the

text: Italian

text: saint

text: Don

text: Bosco

text: According

text: to

text: Don

text: Bosco

text: 's

text: prophecy

text: Between

text: parallels

text: and

text: around

text: a

text: lake

text: which

text: shall

text: be

text: formed

text: A

text: great

text: civilization

text: will

text: thrive

text: and

text: that

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: Promised

text: Land

text: Brasília

text: lies

text: between

text: the

text: parallels

text: S

text: and

text: S

text: where

text: an

text: artificial

text: lake

text: Paranoá

text: Lake

text: was

text: formed

text: Don

text: Bosco

text: is

text: Brasília

text: 's

text: patron

text: saint

question: When was 'The World In Grey' published?

answer: 2008

question: Who wrote 'The World In Grey'?

answer: Ryan J. Lucero

text: Ryan J. Lucero

question: Whose prophecy is 'The World In Grey' based on?

answer: Don Bosco

text: Don Bosco

question: Who is Brasilia's patron saint?

answer: Don Bosco

text: Don Bosco

question: What lake did Don Bosco predict?

answer: Paranoá Lake

text: Paranoá Lake

question: What has Ryan J. Lucero been the focus of recently?

text: modern-day literature

question: When was the Promised Land published?

question: What was the prophecy of Ryan J. Lucero?

question: Who is  the patron saint of Italy?

text: Don Bosco

question: Where was World In Grey created?

text: between the parallels 15° S and 20° S


text: Avicenna's consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has the potentiality to be or not to be without entailing a contradiction. When actualized, the contingent becomes a 'necessary existent due to what is other than itself' (wajib al-wujud bi-ghayrihi). Thus, contingency-in-itself is potential beingness that could eventually be actualized by an external cause other than itself. The metaphysical structures of necessity and contingency are different. Necessary being due to itself (wajib al-wujud bi-dhatihi) is true in itself, while the contingent being is 'false in itself' and 'true due to something else other than itself'. The necessary is the source of its own being without borrowed existence. It is what always exists.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: consideration

text: of

text: the

text: essence

text: attributes

text: question

text: may

text: be

text: elucidated

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: his

text: ontological

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: modalities

text: of

text: being

text: namely

text: impossibility

text: contingency

text: and

text: necessity

text: Avicenna

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: impossible

text: being

text: is

text: that

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: exist

text: while

text: the

text: contingent

text: in

text: itself

text: mumkin

text: bi

text: dhatihi

text: has

text: the

text: potentiality

text: to

text: be

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: without

text: entailing

text: a

text: contradiction

text: When

text: actualized

text: the

text: contingent

text: becomes

text: a

text: necessary

text: existent

text: due

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: other

text: than

text: itself

text: wajib

text: al

text: wujud

text: bi

text: ghayrihi

text: Thus

text: contingency

text: in

text: itself

text: is

text: potential

text: beingness

text: that

text: could

text: eventually

text: be

text: actualized

text: by

text: an

text: external

text: cause

text: other

text: than

text: itself

text: The

text: metaphysical

text: structures

text: of

text: necessity

text: and

text: contingency

text: are

text: different

text: Necessary

text: being

text: due

text: to

text: itself

text: wajib

text: al

text: wujud

text: bi

text: dhatihi

text: is

text: true

text: in

text: itself

text: while

text: the

text: contingent

text: being

text: is

text: false

text: in

text: itself

text: and

text: true

text: due

text: to

text: something

text: else

text: other

text: than

text: itself

text: The

text: necessary

text: is

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: being

text: without

text: borrowed

text: existence

text: It

text: is

text: what

text: always

text: exists

question: What is one modality of being that Avicenna analyzed?

answer: necessity

text: necessity

question: According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an external cause?

answer: contingency-in-itself

text: contingency-in-itself

question: What is the necessary according to Avicenna?

answer: the source of its own being without borrowed existence

text: the source of its own being without borrowed existence

question: According to Avicenna, what always exists?

answer: The necessary

text: The necessary

question: If necessary being is true in itself, what is contingent?

answer: false in itself

text: false in itself

question: What is one modality of being that Avicenna did not analyze?

text: necessity

question: Who argued that the impossible thing could exist?

text: Avicenna

question: What did Avicenna believe could never be actualized by an external cause?

text: contingent in itself

question: What is the necessary not a source of?

text: its own being

question: What is one modality of being that Avicenna never analyzed?

text: necessity

question: According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an internal cause?

text: contingency-in-itself

question: What is the unnecessary according to Avicenna?

question: According to Avicenna, what never exists?

text: The necessary

question: If necessary being is false in itself, what is contingent?

text: false in itself


text: Three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B. Gordon's desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed. On April 1, General Philip Sheridan, assigned to interdict the Southside Railroad, met brigades commanded by George Pickett at the Five Forks junction, smashing them, taking thousands of prisoners, and encouraging General Grant to order a general advance. When the Union Sixth Corps broke through Confederate lines on Boydton Plank Road south of Petersburg, Confederate casualties exceeded 5000, or about a tenth of Lee's defending army. General Lee then informed Jefferson Davis that he was about to evacuate Richmond.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: as

text: March

text: ended

text: the

text: Confederate

text: capitol

text: became

text: indefensible

text: On

text: March

text: Confederate

text: General

text: John

text: B.

text: Gordon

text: 's

text: desperate

text: attack

text: on

text: Fort

text: Stedman

text: east

text: of

text: Petersburg

text: failed

text: On

text: April

text: General

text: Philip

text: Sheridan

text: assigned

text: to

text: interdict

text: the

text: Southside

text: Railroad

text: met

text: brigades

text: commanded

text: by

text: George

text: Pickett

text: at

text: the

text: Five

text: Forks

text: junction

text: smashing

text: them

text: taking

text: thousands

text: of

text: prisoners

text: and

text: encouraging

text: General

text: Grant

text: to

text: order

text: a

text: general

text: advance

text: When

text: the

text: Union

text: Sixth

text: Corps

text: broke

text: through

text: Confederate

text: lines

text: on

text: Boydton

text: Plank

text: Road

text: south

text: of

text: Petersburg

text: Confederate

text: casualties

text: exceeded

text: or

text: about

text: a

text: tenth

text: of

text: Lee

text: 's

text: defending

text: army

text: General

text: Lee

text: then

text: informed

text: Jefferson

text: Davis

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: about

text: to

text: evacuate

text: Richmond

question: Where was Petersburg located in relation to Ford Stedman?

answer: east

text: east

question: 5000 men represented what fraction of General Lee's army?

answer: tenth

text: tenth

question: On what road did the US Army Sixth Corps shatter the Confederate line?

answer: Boydton Plank

text: Boydton Plank

question: What general commanded the attack on Fort Stedman?

answer: John B. Gordon

text: John B. Gordon

question: In what month of 1865 was Richmond judged to be no longer able to be defended?

answer: March

text: March


text: Patent infringement typically is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission from the patent holder. The scope of the patented invention or the extent of protection is defined in the claims of the granted patent. There is safe harbor in many jurisdictions to use a patented invention for research. This safe harbor does not exist in the US unless the research is done for purely philosophical purposes, or in order to gather data in order to prepare an application for regulatory approval of a drug. In general, patent infringement cases are handled under civil law (e.g., in the United States) but several jurisdictions incorporate infringement in criminal law also (for example, Argentina, China, France, Japan, Russia, South Korea).

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: Patent

text: infringement

text: typically

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: using

text: or

text: selling

text: a

text: patented

text: invention

text: without

text: permission

text: from

text: the

text: patent

text: holder

text: The

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: patented

text: invention

text: or

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: protection

text: is

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: claims

text: of

text: the

text: granted

text: patent

text: There

text: is

text: safe

text: harbor

text: in

text: many

text: jurisdictions

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: patented

text: invention

text: for

text: research

text: This

text: safe

text: harbor

text: does

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: unless

text: the

text: research

text: is

text: done

text: for

text: purely

text: philosophical

text: purposes

text: or

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: gather

text: data

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prepare

text: an

text: application

text: for

text: regulatory

text: approval

text: of

text: a

text: drug

text: In

text: general

text: patent

text: infringement

text: cases

text: are

text: handled

text: under

text: civil

text: law

text: e.g.

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: several

text: jurisdictions

text: incorporate

text: infringement

text: in

text: criminal

text: law

text: also

text: for

text: example

text: Argentina

text: China

text: France

text: Japan

text: Russia

text: South

text: Korea

question: What is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission?

answer: Patent infringement

text: Patent infringement

question: Where does the safe harbor to use a patented invention for research generally not exist?

answer: in the US

text: in the US

question: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in the US?

answer: civil

text: civil

question: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in China?

answer: criminal

text: criminal

question: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in Russia?

answer: criminal

text: criminal

question: What is caused by using or selling a patented invention?

text: Patent infringement

question: What does the US have a safe harbor for?

question: What type of cases in the US are handled by criminal law?

text: patent infringement

question: What types of cases in Russia and China are handled by civil law?

text: patent infringement


text: The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental "Rumble" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962).

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: The

text: roots

text: of

text: hard

text: rock

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: particularly

text: electric

text: blues

text: which

text: laid

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: key

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: rough

text: declamatory

text: vocal

text: style

text: heavy

text: guitar

text: riffs

text: string

text: bending

text: blues

text: scale

text: guitar

text: solos

text: strong

text: beat

text: thick

text: riff

text: laden

text: texture

text: and

text: posturing

text: performances

text: Electric

text: blues

text: guitarists

text: began

text: experimenting

text: with

text: hard

text: rock

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: driving

text: rhythms

text: distorted

text: guitar

text: solos

text: and

text: power

text: chords

text: in

text: the

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Memphis

text: blues

text: guitarists

text: such

text: as

text: Joe

text: Hill

text: Louis

text: Willie

text: Johnson

text: and

text: particularly

text: Pat

text: Hare

text: who

text: captured

text: a

text: grittier

text: nastier

text: more

text: ferocious

text: electric

text: guitar

text: sound

text: on

text: records

text: such

text: as

text: James

text: Cotton

text: 's

text: Cotton

text: Crop

text: Blues

text: Other

text: antecedents

text: include

text: Link

text: Wray

text: 's

text: instrumental

text: Rumble

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: surf

text: rock

text: instrumentals

text: of

text: Dick

text: Dale

text: such

text: as

text: Let

text: 's

text: Go

text: Trippin

text: and

text: Misirlou

question: What genre laid the roots for hard rock?

answer: electric blues

text: electric blues

question: Who recorded "Rumble"?

answer: Link Wray

text: Link Wray

question: When was "Rumble" released?

answer: 1958

question: What were two of Dick Dale's better known songs?

answer: "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962)

text: "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962)

question: What city's blues style produced hard rock precursors in electric blues?

answer: Memphis

text: Memphis

question: What type of music known as the roots of hard rock was started in the 1940s?

text: electric blues

question: What is a key element that hard rock used to lay roots for electric blues music?

text: heavy guitar riffs

question: What did the electric blues guitarists avoid using from the hard rock genre?

text: driving rhythms

question: Who was the Memphis hard rock guitarist known for using power chords?

text: Pat Hare

question: Who wrote "Misirlou" in 1961?

text: Dick Dale


text: Arizona, south of the Gila River was legally bought from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854. Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take over control until March 1856. In 1857 Tucson became a stage station on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line and in 1858 became 3rd division headquarters of the Butterfield Overland Mail until the line shut down in March 1861. The Overland Mail Corporation attempted to continue running, however following the Bascom Affair, devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches ended operations in August 1861.[citation needed]

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Arizona

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Gila

text: River

text: was

text: legally

text: bought

text: from

text: Mexico

text: in

text: the

text: Gadsden

text: Purchase

text: on

text: June

text: Tucson

text: became

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: although

text: the

text: American

text: military

text: did

text: not

text: formally

text: take

text: over

text: control

text: until

text: March

text: In

text: Tucson

text: became

text: a

text: stage

text: station

text: on

text: the

text: San

text: Antonio

text: San

text: Diego

text: Mail

text: Line

text: and

text: in

text: became

text: division

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Butterfield

text: Overland

text: Mail

text: until

text: the

text: line

text: shut

text: down

text: in

text: March

text: The

text: Overland

text: Mail

text: Corporation

text: attempted

text: to

text: continue

text: running

text: however

text: following

text: the

text: Bascom

text: Affair

text: devastating

text: Apache

text: attacks

text: on

text: the

text: stations

text: and

text: coaches

text: ended

text: operations

text: in

text: August

text: needed

question: What was the date when Arizona was bought?

answer: June 8, 1854

text: June 8, 1854

question: What year did the Overland Mail Corporation end operations?

answer: 1861

question: What was the name of the deal in which Arizona was bought?

answer: Gadsden Purchase

text: Gadsden Purchase

question: Arizona is south of which river?

answer: Gila River

text: Gila River

question: In what year did Tuscon become a stage station?

answer: 1857

question: When was the Gadsden Purchase?

answer: June 8, 1854

text: June 8, 1854

question: Where did the US buy land from in the Gadsden Purchase?

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

question: When did the US formally take control of the Tucson area?

answer: March 1856

text: March 1856

question: When did the mail stagecoaches stop running?

answer: August 1861

text: August 1861

question: Why did the mail stagecoaches stop running?

answer: devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches

text: devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches


text: While most Hokkien morphemes have standard designated characters, they are not always etymological or phono-semantic. Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters are commonly borrowed or substituted to represent a particular morpheme. Examples include "beautiful" (美 bí is the literary form), whose vernacular morpheme suí is represented by characters like 媠 (an obsolete character), 婎 (a vernacular reading of this character) and even 水 (transliteration of the sound suí), or "tall" (高 ko is the literary form), whose morpheme kôan is 懸. Common grammatical particles are not exempt; the negation particle m̄ (not) is variously represented by 毋, 呣 or 唔, among others. In other cases, characters are invented to represent a particular morpheme (a common example is the character 𪜶 in, which represents the personal pronoun "they"). In addition, some characters have multiple and unrelated pronunciations, adapted to represent Hokkien words. For example, the Hokkien word bah ("meat") has been reduced to the character 肉, which has etymologically unrelated colloquial and literary readings (he̍k and jio̍k, respectively). Another case is the word 'to eat,' chia̍h, which is often transcribed in Taiwanese newspapers and media as 呷 (a Mandarin transliteration, xiā, to approximate the Hokkien term), even though its recommended character in dictionaries is 食.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: While

text: most

text: Hokkien

text: morphemes

text: have

text: standard

text: designated

text: characters

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: etymological

text: or

text: phono

text: semantic

text: Similar

text: sounding

text: similar

text: meaning

text: or

text: rare

text: characters

text: are

text: commonly

text: borrowed

text: or

text: substituted

text: to

text: represent

text: a

text: particular

text: morpheme

text: Examples

text: include

text: beautiful

text: 美

text: bí

text: is

text: the

text: literary

text: form

text: whose

text: vernacular

text: morpheme

text: suí

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: characters

text: like

text: 媠

text: an

text: obsolete

text: character

text: 婎

text: a

text: vernacular

text: reading

text: of

text: this

text: character

text: and

text: even

text: 水

text: transliteration

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: suí

text: or

text: tall

text: 高

text: ko

text: is

text: the

text: literary

text: form

text: whose

text: morpheme

text: kôan

text: is

text: 懸.

text: Common

text: grammatical

text: particles

text: are

text: not

text: exempt

text: the

text: negation

text: particle

text: m̄

text: not

text: is

text: variously

text: represented

text: by

text: 毋

text: 呣

text: or

text: 唔

text: among

text: others

text: In

text: other

text: cases

text: characters

text: are

text: invented

text: to

text: represent

text: a

text: particular

text: morpheme

text: a

text: common

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: character

text: 𪜶

text: in

text: which

text: represents

text: the

text: personal

text: pronoun

text: they

text: In

text: addition

text: some

text: characters

text: have

text: multiple

text: and

text: unrelated

text: pronunciations

text: adapted

text: to

text: represent

text: Hokkien

text: words

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Hokkien

text: word

text: bah

text: meat

text: has

text: been

text: reduced

text: to

text: the

text: character

text: 肉

text: which

text: has

text: etymologically

text: unrelated

text: colloquial

text: and

text: literary

text: readings

text: he̍k

text: and

text: jio̍k

text: respectively

text: Another

text: case

text: is

text: the

text: word

text: to

text: eat

text: chia̍h

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: transcribed

text: in

text: Taiwanese

text: newspapers

text: and

text: media

text: as

text: 呷

text: a

text: Mandarin

text: transliteration

text: xiā

text: to

text: approximate

text: the

text: Hokkien

text: term

text: even

text: though

text: its

text: recommended

text: character

text: in

text: dictionaries

text: is

text: 食.

question: Most Hokkein morphemes have what type of characters?

answer: standard designated

text: standard designated

question: In some cases, charcters are invented to represent what?

answer: a particular morpheme

text: a particular morpheme

question: Hokkien morphemes are not always what?

answer: etymological or phono-semantic

text: etymological or phono-semantic

question: What are often borrowed to represent a particular morpheme?

answer: Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters

text: Similar-sounding, similar-meaning or rare characters

question: What are borrowed in Taiwanese to represent a certain morpheme?

question: What do some literary readings have to represent Hokkien words?

text: multiple and unrelated pronunciations

question: What type of characters do most colloquial mophemes have?

text: standard designated

question: What characteristic do personal pronouns not always have?

question: What are invented to represent a multiple and unrelated pronunciation?

text: characters