text: In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. By October 1961, they had demonstrated efficient light emission and signal coupling between a GaAs p-n junction light emitter and an electrically-isolated semiconductor photodetector. On August 8, 1962, Biard and Pittman filed a patent titled "Semiconductor Radiant Diode" based on their findings, which described a zinc diffused p–n junction LED with a spaced cathode contact to allow for efficient emission of infrared light under forward bias. After establishing the priority of their work based on engineering notebooks predating submissions from G.E. Labs, RCA Research Labs, IBM Research Labs, Bell Labs, and Lincoln Lab at MIT, the U.S. patent office issued the two inventors the patent for the GaAs infrared (IR) light-emitting diode (U.S. Patent US3293513), the first practical LED. Immediately after filing the patent, Texas Instruments (TI) began a project to manufacture infrared diodes. In October 1962, TI announced the first LED commercial product (the SNX-100), which employed a pure GaAs crystal to emit a 890 nm light output. In October 1963, TI announced the first commercial hemispherical LED, the SNX-110.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: In

text: September

text: while

text: working

text: at

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: in

text: Dallas

text: Texas

text: James

text: R.

text: Biard

text: and

text: Gary

text: Pittman

text: discovered

text: near

text: infrared

text: nm

text: light

text: emission

text: from

text: a

text: tunnel

text: diode

text: they

text: had

text: constructed

text: on

text: a

text: GaAs

text: substrate

text: By

text: October

text: they

text: had

text: demonstrated

text: efficient

text: light

text: emission

text: and

text: signal

text: coupling

text: between

text: a

text: GaAs

text: p

text: n

text: junction

text: light

text: emitter

text: and

text: an

text: electrically

text: isolated

text: semiconductor

text: photodetector

text: On

text: August

text: Biard

text: and

text: Pittman

text: filed

text: a

text: patent

text: titled

text: Semiconductor

text: Radiant

text: Diode

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: findings

text: which

text: described

text: a

text: zinc

text: diffused

text: p

text: n

text: junction

text: LED

text: with

text: a

text: spaced

text: cathode

text: contact

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: efficient

text: emission

text: of

text: infrared

text: light

text: under

text: forward

text: bias

text: After

text: establishing

text: the

text: priority

text: of

text: their

text: work

text: based

text: on

text: engineering

text: notebooks

text: predating

text: submissions

text: from

text: G.E.

text: Labs

text: RCA

text: Research

text: Labs

text: IBM

text: Research

text: Labs

text: Bell

text: Labs

text: and

text: Lincoln

text: Lab

text: at

text: MIT

text: the

text: U.S.

text: patent

text: office

text: issued

text: the

text: two

text: inventors

text: the

text: patent

text: for

text: the

text: GaAs

text: infrared

text: IR

text: light

text: emitting

text: diode

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: the

text: first

text: practical

text: LED

text: Immediately

text: after

text: filing

text: the

text: patent

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: TI

text: began

text: a

text: project

text: to

text: manufacture

text: infrared

text: diodes

text: In

text: October

text: TI

text: announced

text: the

text: first

text: LED

text: commercial

text: product

text: the

text: which

text: employed

text: a

text: pure

text: GaAs

text: crystal

text: to

text: emit

text: a

text: nm

text: light

text: output

text: In

text: October

text: TI

text: announced

text: the

text: first

text: commercial

text: hemispherical

text: LED

text: the

question: In what state what near-infrared light emission discovered?

answer: Texas

text: Texas

question: What type of diode was used to help discover near-infrared light emission?

answer: tunnel

text: tunnel

question: In what year was the patent filed for the Semiconductor Radiant Diode?

answer: 1962

question: What was the first practical LED?

answer: GaAs infrared (IR) light-emitting diode

text: GaAs infrared (IR) light-emitting diode

question: The two inventors of the first practical diode were employed by what famous company?

answer: Texas Instruments (TI)

text: Texas Instruments (TI)

question: In what state what not-infrared light emission discovered?

text: Texas

question: What type of diode was used to help discover non-infrared light emission?

text: tunnel

question: In what year was the patent filed for the non-Semiconductor Radiant Diode?

question: What was the first non-practical LED?

text: GaAs infrared

question: The two inventors of the first practical non-diode were employed by what famous company?

text: Texas Instruments


text: Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power. Substantial coal deposits in the northeast Sinai are mined at the rate of about 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year. Oil and gas are produced in the western desert regions, the Gulf of Suez, and the Nile Delta. Egypt has huge reserves of gas, estimated at 2,180 cubic kilometres (520 cu mi), and LNG up to 2012 exported to many countries. In 2013, the Egyptian General Petroleum Co (EGPC) said the country will cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis and stave off political unrest, Reuters has reported. Egypt is counting on top liquid natural gas (LNG) exporter Qatar to obtain additional gas volumes in summer, while encouraging factories to plan their annual maintenance for those months of peak demand, said EGPC chairman, Tarek El Barkatawy. Egypt produces its own energy, but has been a net oil importer since 2008 and is rapidly becoming a net importer of natural gas.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: has

text: a

text: developed

text: energy

text: market

text: based

text: on

text: coal

text: oil

text: natural

text: gas

text: and

text: hydro

text: power

text: Substantial

text: coal

text: deposits

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: Sinai

text: are

text: mined

text: at

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: about

text: tonnes

text: long

text: tons

text: short

text: tons

text: per

text: year

text: Oil

text: and

text: gas

text: are

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: desert

text: regions

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Suez

text: and

text: the

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: Egypt

text: has

text: huge

text: reserves

text: of

text: gas

text: estimated

text: at

text: cubic

text: kilometres

text: cu

text: mi

text: and

text: LNG

text: up

text: to

text: exported

text: to

text: many

text: countries

text: In

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: General

text: Petroleum

text: Co

text: EGPC

text: said

text: the

text: country

text: will

text: cut

text: exports

text: of

text: natural

text: gas

text: and

text: tell

text: major

text: industries

text: to

text: slow

text: output

text: this

text: summer

text: to

text: avoid

text: an

text: energy

text: crisis

text: and

text: stave

text: off

text: political

text: unrest

text: Reuters

text: has

text: reported

text: Egypt

text: is

text: counting

text: on

text: top

text: liquid

text: natural

text: gas

text: LNG

text: exporter

text: Qatar

text: to

text: obtain

text: additional

text: gas

text: volumes

text: in

text: summer

text: while

text: encouraging

text: factories

text: to

text: plan

text: their

text: annual

text: maintenance

text: for

text: those

text: months

text: of

text: peak

text: demand

text: said

text: EGPC

text: chairman

text: Tarek

text: El

text: Barkatawy

text: Egypt

text: produces

text: its

text: own

text: energy

text: but

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: net

text: oil

text: importer

text: since

text: and

text: is

text: rapidly

text: becoming

text: a

text: net

text: importer

text: of

text: natural

text: gas

question: What is Egypts energy market based upon?

answer: coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power

text: coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power

question: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai?

answer: 600,000 tonnes

text: 600,000 tonnes

question: Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production?

answer: has been a net oil importer since 2008

text: has been a net oil importer since 2008

question: What efforts were made in 2013 to maintain sustainability?

answer: cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis

text: cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis


text: Greece has one of the longest histories of any country, and is considered the cradle of Western civilization, and as such, is the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama, including both tragedy and comedy. Greece was first unified under Philip of Macedon in the fourth century BC. His son Alexander the Great rapidly conquered much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River. Annexed by Rome in the second century BC, Greece became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire. The first century AD saw the establishment of the Greek Orthodox Church, which shaped the modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World. Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following the war of independence. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflected in large part by its 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe and the world.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: histories

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: is

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: democracy

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: Western

text: literature

text: historiography

text: political

text: science

text: major

text: scientific

text: and

text: mathematical

text: principles

text: and

text: Western

text: drama

text: including

text: both

text: tragedy

text: and

text: comedy

text: Greece

text: was

text: first

text: unified

text: under

text: Philip

text: of

text: Macedon

text: in

text: the

text: fourth

text: century

text: BC

text: His

text: son

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: rapidly

text: conquered

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: spreading

text: Greek

text: culture

text: and

text: science

text: from

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: to

text: the

text: Indus

text: River

text: Annexed

text: by

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: century

text: BC

text: Greece

text: became

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: successor

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: The

text: first

text: century

text: AD

text: saw

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: which

text: shaped

text: the

text: modern

text: Greek

text: identity

text: and

text: transmitted

text: Greek

text: traditions

text: to

text: the

text: wider

text: Orthodox

text: World

text: Falling

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: dominion

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: modern

text: nation

text: state

text: of

text: Greece

text: emerged

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: war

text: of

text: independence

text: Greece

text: 's

text: rich

text: historical

text: legacy

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: large

text: part

text: by

text: its

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Sites

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: world

question: Who was the first person to bring all of Greece together?

answer: Philip of Macedon

text: Philip of Macedon

question: Who was the son of Philip of Macedon?

answer: Alexander the Great

text: Alexander the Great

question: Greece came part of what empire in the 2nd century BC?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: When was the Greek Orthodox Church started?

answer: first century AD

text: first century AD

question: What year is considered the beginning of modern Greece?

answer: 1830


text: In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part of Stepney Meeting House URC) – these are among the sole survivors today of the English Presbyterian churches of the 17th century. The URC also has a presence in Scotland, mostly of former Congregationalist Churches. Two former Presbyterian congregations, St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford (founded as a chaplaincy by the PCofE and the Church of Scotland in 1908 and as a congregation of the PCofE in 1929), continue as congregations of the URC and university chaplaincies of the Church of Scotland.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: In

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: PCofE

text: united

text: with

text: the

text: Congregational

text: Church

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: United

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: URC

text: Among

text: the

text: congregations

text: the

text: PCofE

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: URC

text: were

text: Tunley

text: Lancashire

text: Aston

text: Tirrold

text: Oxfordshire

text: and

text: John

text: Knox

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: Stepney

text: London

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: Stepney

text: Meeting

text: House

text: URC

text: these

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: sole

text: survivors

text: today

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Presbyterian

text: churches

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: URC

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: presence

text: in

text: Scotland

text: mostly

text: of

text: former

text: Congregationalist

text: Churches

text: Two

text: former

text: Presbyterian

text: congregations

text: St

text: Columba

text: 's

text: Cambridge

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: St

text: Columba

text: 's

text: Oxford

text: founded

text: as

text: a

text: chaplaincy

text: by

text: the

text: PCofE

text: and

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: in

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: congregation

text: of

text: the

text: PCofE

text: in

text: continue

text: as

text: congregations

text: of

text: the

text: URC

text: and

text: university

text: chaplaincies

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

question: In what year did the Church of England and the Congregational Church in England  and Waled unite?

answer: 1972

question: What are the two former Presbyterian congregations in England?

answer: St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford

text: St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford

question: What was the name of the group that was created whenPresbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales were united?

answer: United Reformed Church

text: United Reformed Church

question: What did the Presbyterian Church of England unite with in 1971?

question: The PCofE and the Stepney Meeting House combined to form what in 1972?

text: United Reformed Church

question: In what year was Stepney Meeting House founded?

question: The Church of Stepney and the Congergational Church in Lancashire united in what year?


text: The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727). The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell. The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain.

title: Neoclassical_architecture

title: Neoclassical_architecture

text: The

text: baroque

text: style

text: had

text: never

text: truly

text: been

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: taste

text: Four

text: influential

text: books

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: which

text: highlighted

text: the

text: simplicity

text: and

text: purity

text: of

text: classical

text: architecture

text: Vitruvius

text: Britannicus

text: Colen

text: Campbell

text: Palladio

text: 's

text: Four

text: Books

text: of

text: Architecture

text: De

text: Re

text: Aedificatoria

text: and

text: The

text: Designs

text: of

text: Inigo

text: Jones

text: with

text: Some

text: Additional

text: Designs

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: was

text: the

text: four

text: volume

text: Vitruvius

text: Britannicus

text: by

text: Colen

text: Campbell

text: The

text: book

text: contained

text: architectural

text: prints

text: of

text: famous

text: British

text: buildings

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: great

text: architects

text: from

text: Vitruvius

text: to

text: Palladio

text: At

text: first

text: the

text: book

text: mainly

text: featured

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Inigo

text: Jones

text: but

text: the

text: later

text: tomes

text: contained

text: drawings

text: and

text: plans

text: by

text: Campbell

text: and

text: other

text: century

text: architects

text: Palladian

text: architecture

text: became

text: well

text: established

text: in

text: century

text: Britain

question: What century were most four influential books published?

answer: 18th century

text: 18th century

question: Who wrote Vitruvius Britannicus?

answer: Colen Campbell

text: Colen Campbell

question: In what century did Palladian architecture become well established?

answer: 18th-century

question: When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published?

answer: 1727

question: What style was popular among the English?

text: The baroque style

question: What the books published in the 1800s highlight about classical architecture?

text: the simplicity and purity

question: What was the name of the four volumes of books written by Inigo Jones?

text: Palladio's Four Books of Architecture

question: What book contain prints of famous British buildings inspired by Vitruvius andAedifacatoria

text: Vitruvius Britannicus

question: What book featured the work of an Inigo Jones and other architects from the 1800s?

text: Vitruvius Britannicus


text: New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule in the early 1700s. It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, more than any other city other than Charleston, South Carolina. Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves, but others hired them out to work at labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banks and shipping tied to the South. Discovery of the African Burying Ground in the 1990s, during construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square, revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: grew

text: in

text: importance

text: as

text: a

text: trading

text: port

text: while

text: under

text: British

text: rule

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: It

text: also

text: became

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: slavery

text: with

text: of

text: households

text: holding

text: slaves

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: city

text: other

text: than

text: Charleston

text: South

text: Carolina

text: Most

text: slaveholders

text: held

text: a

text: few

text: or

text: several

text: domestic

text: slaves

text: but

text: others

text: hired

text: them

text: out

text: to

text: work

text: at

text: labor

text: Slavery

text: became

text: integrally

text: tied

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: economy

text: through

text: the

text: labor

text: of

text: slaves

text: throughout

text: the

text: port

text: and

text: the

text: banks

text: and

text: shipping

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: Discovery

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: Burying

text: Ground

text: in

text: the

text: during

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: federal

text: courthouse

text: near

text: Foley

text: Square

text: revealed

text: that

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Africans

text: had

text: been

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: colonial

text: years

question: In 1730, what percentage of New York households were slave-holding?

answer: 42%

question: In 1730, what American city had the highest percentage of slaveholders?

answer: Charleston, South Carolina

text: Charleston, South Carolina

question: Near what square was the African Burial Ground unearthed?

answer: Foley Square

text: Foley Square

question: What was being built that resulted in the discovery of the African Burial Ground?

answer: courthouse

text: courthouse

question: Which city in North America held the most slaves in the 1700s?

answer: Charleston, South Carolina

text: Charleston, South Carolina

question: When was as African burial ground discovered after the building of new courthouse?

answer: 1990s


text: The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as "Britain's Waterloo" and another to suggest that the country had become an "American satellite". Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as "Suez syndrome", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: very

text: publicly

text: exposed

text: Britain

text: 's

text: limitations

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: confirmed

text: Britain

text: 's

text: decline

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: stage

text: demonstrating

text: that

text: henceforth

text: it

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: act

text: without

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: acquiescence

text: if

text: not

text: the

text: full

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: events

text: at

text: Suez

text: wounded

text: British

text: national

text: pride

text: leading

text: one

text: MP

text: to

text: describe

text: it

text: as

text: Britain

text: 's

text: Waterloo

text: and

text: another

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: country

text: had

text: become

text: an

text: American

text: satellite

text: Margaret

text: Thatcher

text: later

text: described

text: the

text: mindset

text: she

text: believed

text: had

text: befallen

text: the

text: British

text: political

text: establishment

text: as

text: Suez

text: syndrome

text: from

text: which

text: Britain

text: did

text: not

text: recover

text: until

text: the

text: successful

text: recapture

text: of

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: from

text: Argentina

text: in

question: Where did 'Britain's Waterloo' occur?

answer: Suez

text: Suez

question: Who referred to 'Suez Syndrome'?

answer: Margaret Thatcher

text: Margaret Thatcher

question: When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?

answer: 1982

question: From whom did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?

answer: Argentina

text: Argentina

question: A British minister thought which country was becoming an 'American satellite'?

answer: Britain

text: Britain


text: Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extremely smoothly. This mode of operation is often called microstepping. Computer controlled stepper motors are one of the most versatile forms of positioning systems, particularly when part of a digital servo-controlled system.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Simple

text: stepper

text: motor

text: drivers

text: entirely

text: energize

text: or

text: entirely

text: de

text: energize

text: the

text: field

text: windings

text: leading

text: the

text: rotor

text: to

text: cog

text: to

text: a

text: limited

text: number

text: of

text: positions

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: drivers

text: can

text: proportionally

text: control

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: windings

text: allowing

text: the

text: rotors

text: to

text: position

text: between

text: the

text: cog

text: points

text: and

text: thereby

text: rotate

text: extremely

text: smoothly

text: This

text: mode

text: of

text: operation

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: microstepping

text: Computer

text: controlled

text: stepper

text: motors

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: versatile

text: forms

text: of

text: positioning

text: systems

text: particularly

text: when

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: digital

text: servo

text: controlled

text: system

question: What is a trait of a sophisticated stepper motor?

answer: proportionally control the power to the field windings

text: proportionally control the power to the field windings

question: What does proportinal control of the field windings in a stepper motor achieve?

answer: rotate extremely smoothly

text: rotate extremely smoothly

question: What is another name for smooth rotation?

answer: microstepping

text: microstepping

question: With what other device are stepper motors most versatile?

answer: digital servo-controlled system

text: digital servo-controlled system

question: What is not a trait of a sophisticated stepper motor?

question: What doesn't proportional control of the field windings in a stepper motor achieve?

text: rotate extremely smoothly

question: What is another name for rough rotation?

text: microstepping

question: With what other device aren't stepper motors most versatile?

text: digital servo-controlled system


text: Some fans enjoy a pastime of collecting tapes of wrestling shows from specific companies, of certain wrestlers, or of specific genres. The Internet has given fans exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling they would be unable to see otherwise. Since the 1990s, many companies have been founded which deal primarily in wrestling footage. When the WWF purchased both WCW and ECW in 2001, they also obtained the entire past video libraries of both productions and have released many past matches online and on home video.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Some

text: fans

text: enjoy

text: a

text: pastime

text: of

text: collecting

text: tapes

text: of

text: wrestling

text: shows

text: from

text: specific

text: companies

text: of

text: certain

text: wrestlers

text: or

text: of

text: specific

text: genres

text: The

text: Internet

text: has

text: given

text: fans

text: exposure

text: to

text: worldwide

text: variations

text: of

text: wrestling

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: unable

text: to

text: see

text: otherwise

text: Since

text: the

text: many

text: companies

text: have

text: been

text: founded

text: which

text: deal

text: primarily

text: in

text: wrestling

text: footage

text: When

text: the

text: WWF

text: purchased

text: both

text: WCW

text: and

text: ECW

text: in

text: they

text: also

text: obtained

text: the

text: entire

text: past

text: video

text: libraries

text: of

text: both

text: productions

text: and

text: have

text: released

text: many

text: past

text: matches

text: online

text: and

text: on

text: home

text: video

question: What do some fans like to do?

answer: collecting tapes of wrestling shows

text: collecting tapes of wrestling shows

question: What has the internet done for wrestling fans?

answer: exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling

text: exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling

question: Many companies who handle wrestling footage have been founded since what decade?

answer: 1990s

question: What companies did WWF purchase in 2001?

answer: WCW and ECW

text: WCW and ECW


text: With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Anatolia from the east. In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder. The ensuing civil war lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power, bringing an end to the Interregnum, also known as the Fetret Devri.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: With

text: the

text: extension

text: of

text: Turkish

text: dominion

text: into

text: the

text: Balkans

text: the

text: strategic

text: conquest

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: became

text: a

text: crucial

text: objective

text: The

text: empire

text: had

text: managed

text: to

text: control

text: nearly

text: all

text: former

text: Byzantine

text: lands

text: surrounding

text: the

text: city

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: were

text: temporarily

text: relieved

text: when

text: the

text: Turco

text: Mongol

text: leader

text: Timur

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Timurid

text: Empire

text: invaded

text: Anatolia

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Ankara

text: in

text: Timur

text: defeated

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: forces

text: and

text: took

text: Sultan

text: Bayezid

text: I

text: as

text: a

text: prisoner

text: throwing

text: the

text: empire

text: into

text: disorder

text: The

text: ensuing

text: civil

text: war

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: Bayezid

text: 's

text: sons

text: fought

text: over

text: succession

text: It

text: ended

text: when

text: Mehmed

text: I

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: sultan

text: and

text: restored

text: Ottoman

text: power

text: bringing

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: Interregnum

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Fetret

text: Devri

question: What was an objective of Turkey after its expansion into the Balkans?

answer: conquest of Constantinople

text: conquest of Constantinople

question: What empire were the controlled lands surrounding Constantinople formerly controlled by?

answer: Byzantine

text: Byzantine

question: What leader invaded Anatolia from the east?

answer: Timur

text: Timur

question: Timur was the founder of what?

answer: Timurid Empire

text: Timurid Empire

question: What battle between Timur and the Ottoman empire took place in 1402?

answer: Battle of Ankara

text: Battle of Ankara


text: Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the religion. Members are directed to refuse blood transfusions, even in "a life-or-death situation". Jehovah's Witnesses accept non-blood alternatives and other medical procedures in lieu of blood transfusions, and their literature provides information about non-blood medical procedures.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: refuse

text: blood

text: transfusions

text: which

text: they

text: consider

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: law

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: interpretation

text: of

text: Acts

text: and

text: other

text: scriptures

text: Since

text: the

text: willing

text: acceptance

text: of

text: a

text: blood

text: transfusion

text: by

text: an

text: unrepentant

text: member

text: has

text: been

text: grounds

text: for

text: expulsion

text: from

text: the

text: religion

text: Members

text: are

text: directed

text: to

text: refuse

text: blood

text: transfusions

text: even

text: in

text: a

text: life

text: or

text: death

text: situation

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: accept

text: non

text: blood

text: alternatives

text: and

text: other

text: medical

text: procedures

text: in

text: lieu

text: of

text: blood

text: transfusions

text: and

text: their

text: literature

text: provides

text: information

text: about

text: non

text: blood

text: medical

text: procedures

question: What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?

answer: Acts 15:28, 29

text: Acts 15:28, 29

question: What is grounds for expulsion from Jehovah Witnesses, since 1961?

answer: willing acceptance of a blood transfusion

text: willing acceptance of a blood transfusion

question: What do Jehovah Witnesses accept in lieu of blood transfusions?

answer: non-blood alternatives

text: non-blood alternatives

question: What does Jehovah Witnesses' literature provide about non-blood medical procedures?

answer: information

text: information

question: What is one of the Protestant religions who don't see blood transfusions as a big deal?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: When was the first non-blood alternative developed for blood transfusions?

question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses have died in the past decade due to their refusal of blood transfusions?

question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses have been expelled in the past decade for accepting a blood transfusion?


text: Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods and goddesses). They also brought Roman "domestic" deities and cult practices with them. By the same token, the later granting of citizenship to provincials and their conscription into the legions brought their new cults into the Roman military.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Military

text: settlement

text: within

text: the

text: empire

text: and

text: at

text: its

text: borders

text: broadened

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: Romanitas

text: Rome

text: 's

text: citizen

text: soldiers

text: set

text: up

text: altars

text: to

text: multiple

text: deities

text: including

text: their

text: traditional

text: gods

text: the

text: Imperial

text: genius

text: and

text: local

text: deities

text: sometimes

text: with

text: the

text: usefully

text: open

text: ended

text: dedication

text: to

text: the

text: diis

text: deabusque

text: omnibus

text: all

text: the

text: gods

text: and

text: goddesses

text: They

text: also

text: brought

text: Roman

text: domestic

text: deities

text: and

text: cult

text: practices

text: with

text: them

text: By

text: the

text: same

text: token

text: the

text: later

text: granting

text: of

text: citizenship

text: to

text: provincials

text: and

text: their

text: conscription

text: into

text: the

text: legions

text: brought

text: their

text: new

text: cults

text: into

text: the

text: Roman

text: military

question: To whom did Roman soldiers set up alters?

answer: traditional gods

text: traditional gods

question: What style of religious dedication was not uncommon for outer border areas?

answer: diis deabusque omnibus

text: diis deabusque omnibus

question: What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas?

answer: domestic

text: domestic

question: What act  of provincials brought new gods into the military?

answer: conscription

text: conscription

question: What did Rome typically award to provincial members of the empire?

answer: citizenship

text: citizenship


text: Starting in mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under sustained aerial bombardment and naval artillery fire. However, Kuribayashi's hidden guns and defenses survived the constant bombardment virtually unscathed. On 19 February 1945, some 30,000 men of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the southeast coast of Iwo, just under Mount Suribachi; where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. For some time, they did not come under fire. This was part of Kuribayashi's plan to hold fire until the landing beaches were full. As soon as the Marines pushed inland to a line of enemy bunkers, they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire which cut down many of the men. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast of the island, but their losses were appalling; almost 2,000 men killed or wounded.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Starting

text: in

text: mid

text: June

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: came

text: under

text: sustained

text: aerial

text: bombardment

text: and

text: naval

text: artillery

text: fire

text: However

text: Kuribayashi

text: 's

text: hidden

text: guns

text: and

text: defenses

text: survived

text: the

text: constant

text: bombardment

text: virtually

text: unscathed

text: On

text: February

text: some

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: Marine

text: Divisions

text: landed

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: coast

text: of

text: Iwo

text: just

text: under

text: Mount

text: Suribachi

text: where

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: defenses

text: were

text: concentrated

text: For

text: some

text: time

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: under

text: fire

text: This

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Kuribayashi

text: 's

text: plan

text: to

text: hold

text: fire

text: until

text: the

text: landing

text: beaches

text: were

text: full

text: As

text: soon

text: as

text: the

text: Marines

text: pushed

text: inland

text: to

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: enemy

text: bunkers

text: they

text: came

text: under

text: devastating

text: machine

text: gun

text: and

text: artillery

text: fire

text: which

text: cut

text: down

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: the

text: Marines

text: reached

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: but

text: their

text: losses

text: were

text: appalling

text: almost

text: men

text: killed

text: or

text: wounded

question: When did Iwo Jima come under bombardment?

answer: mid-June 1944

text: mid-June 1944

question: How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945?

answer: some 30,000

text: some 30,000

question: What was the name of the mountain on Iwo Jima?

answer: Mount Suribachi

text: Mount Suribachi

question: How many U.S. Marines were killed by the time thhey reached the west coast of the island?

answer: almost 2,000

text: almost 2,000


text: In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: In

text: the

text: floor

text: just

text: inside

text: the

text: great

text: west

text: door

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: nave

text: is

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: The

text: Unknown

text: Warrior

text: an

text: unidentified

text: British

text: soldier

text: killed

text: on

text: a

text: European

text: battlefield

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: He

text: was

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

text: on

text: November

text: This

text: grave

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

text: on

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: forbidden

text: to

text: walk.[citation

text: needed

question: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?

answer: 11 November 1920

text: 11 November 1920

question: When was The Known Warrior buried?

text: 11 November 1920

question: When wan'ts The Unknown Warrior buried?

text: 11 November 1920

question: When was The Unknown Warrior burned?

question: Whose grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is encouraged to walk?

text: The Unknown Warrior

question: Whose grave isn't the only one in the abbey on which it is encouraged to walk?

text: The Unknown Warrior


text: Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas. Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Some

text: bar

text: tailed

text: godwits

text: Limosa

text: lapponica

text: have

text: the

text: longest

text: known

text: non

text: stop

text: flight

text: of

text: any

text: migrant

text: flying

text: km

text: from

text: Alaska

text: to

text: their

text: New

text: Zealand

text: non

text: breeding

text: areas

text: Prior

text: to

text: migration

text: percent

text: of

text: their

text: bodyweight

text: is

text: stored

text: as

text: fat

text: to

text: fuel

text: this

text: uninterrupted

text: journey

question: Which bird has the longest migration?

answer: bar-tailed godwits

text: bar-tailed godwits

question: How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?

answer: 11,000 km

text: 11,000 km

question: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate from

answer: Alaska

text: Alaska

question: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate to?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand

question: How much of the bar-tailed godwits bodyweight is stored as fat before migration?

answer: 55 percent

text: 55 percent


text: The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?] Scythia - Christians already lived there. Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, ca 988 AD). People of that time used to denote themselves Christians (христиане, крестьяне) and Russians (русские). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the term "крестьяне" acquired the meaning "peasants of Christian faith" and later "peasants" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term "христиане" retained its religious meaning and the term "русские" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the "Pravoslav faith" (православная вера - Orthodox faith) or "Russian faith" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "Christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера). Also in some contexts the term "cossack" (козак, казак - free man by the will of God) was used[by whom?] to denote "free" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language.

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: The

text: region

text: of

text: modern

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Central

text: Eurasia

text: Russia

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: ex

text: USSR

text: have

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Christian

text: communities

text: on

text: its

text: lands

text: In

text: ancient

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Christ

text: when

text: this

text: region

text: was

text: called[by

text: whom

text: Scythia

text: Christians

text: already

text: lived

text: there

text: Later

text: the

text: region

text: saw

text: the

text: first

text: states

text: to

text: adopt

text: Christianity

text: officially

text: initially

text: in

text: Armenia

text: AD

text: and

text: in

text: Georgia

text: AD

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Russian

text: Principality

text: Kyivan

text: Rus

text: Russian

text: Великое

text: княжество

text: Русское

text: ca

text: AD

text: People

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: used

text: to

text: denote

text: themselves

text: Christians

text: христиане

text: крестьяне

text: and

text: Russians

text: русские

text: Both

text: terms

text: had

text: strong

text: Christian

text: connotations.[citation

text: needed

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: interesting

text: that

text: in

text: time

text: the

text: term

text: крестьяне

text: acquired

text: the

text: meaning

text: peasants

text: of

text: Christian

text: faith

text: and

text: later

text: peasants

text: the

text: main

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: while

text: the

text: term

text: христиане

text: retained

text: its

text: religious

text: meaning

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: русские

text: began

text: to

text: mean

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: heterogeneous

text: Russian

text: nation

text: formed

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: common

text: Christian

text: faith

text: and

text: language,[citation

text: needed

text: which

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: the

text: history

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: Pravoslav

text: faith

text: православная

text: вера

text: Orthodox

text: faith

text: or

text: Russian

text: faith

text: русская

text: вера

text: from

text: earliest

text: times

text: became

text: almost

text: as

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: Christian

text: faith

text: христианская

text: крестьянская

text: вера

text: Also

text: in

text: some

text: contexts

text: the

text: term

text: cossack

text: козак

text: казак

text: free

text: man

text: by

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: God

text: was

text: used[by

text: whom

text: to

text: denote

text: free

text: Christians

text: of

text: steppe

text: origin

text: and

text: Russian

text: language

question: What was the region of Eastern Europe called in 1 AD?

answer: Scythia

text: Scythia

question: What was the first state in this region to adopt Christianity?

answer: Armenia

text: Armenia

question: When did Armenia adopt Christianity?

answer: 301 AD

text: 301 AD

question: When did Georgia adopt Christianity?

answer: 337 AD

text: 337 AD

question: What nearly was known as the original 'Christian faith'?

answer: Pravoslav faith

text: Pravoslav faith

question: Which countries make up Western Europe and Central Eurasia?

question: When was the Western Europe region called Scythia?

question: In 337 AD which state became the first to adopt Christianity?

text: Georgia

question: Georgia became the first state to adopt Christianity in what year?

text: 337 AD

question: Which term came to be known as meaning representatives of the heterogeneous Christian nation?

text: русские


text: The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work" (Hughes, 1951). Tracy and Trethewey (2005) state that "individuals gravitate toward and turn away from particular jobs depending in part, on the extent to which they validate a "preferred organizational self" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005, p. 169). Some jobs carry different stigmas or acclaims. In her analysis Tracy uses the example of correctional officers trying to shake the stigma of "glorified maids" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005). "The process by which people arrive at justifications of and values for various occupational choices." Among these are workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33). People in these types of jobs are forced to find ways in order to create an identity they can live with. "Crafting a positive sense of self at work is more challenging when one's work is considered "dirty" by societal standards" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 7). "In other words, doing taint management is not just about allowing the employee to feel good in that job. "If employees must navigate discourses that question the viability of their work, and/ or experience obstacles in managing taint through transforming dirty work into a badge of honor, it is likely they will find blaming the client to be an efficacious route in affirming their identity" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33).

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: The

text: implications

text: are

text: multiple

text: as

text: various

text: research

text: traditions

text: are

text: now[when

text: heavily

text: utilizing

text: the

text: lens

text: of

text: identity

text: to

text: examine

text: phenomena.[citation

text: needed

text: One

text: implication

text: of

text: identity

text: and

text: of

text: identity

text: construction

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: occupational

text: settings

text: This

text: becomes

text: increasing

text: challenging

text: in

text: stigmatized

text: jobs

text: or

text: dirty

text: work

text: Hughes

text: Tracy

text: and

text: Trethewey

text: state

text: that

text: individuals

text: gravitate

text: toward

text: and

text: turn

text: away

text: from

text: particular

text: jobs

text: depending

text: in

text: part

text: on

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: validate

text: a

text: preferred

text: organizational

text: self

text: Tracy

text: Tretheway

text: p.

text: Some

text: jobs

text: carry

text: different

text: stigmas

text: or

text: acclaims

text: In

text: her

text: analysis

text: Tracy

text: uses

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: correctional

text: officers

text: trying

text: to

text: shake

text: the

text: stigma

text: of

text: glorified

text: maids

text: Tracy

text: Tretheway

text: The

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: people

text: arrive

text: at

text: justifications

text: of

text: and

text: values

text: for

text: various

text: occupational

text: choices

text: Among

text: these

text: are

text: workplace

text: satisfaction

text: and

text: overall

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: Tracy

text: Scott

text: p.

text: People

text: in

text: these

text: types

text: of

text: jobs

text: are

text: forced

text: to

text: find

text: ways

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: identity

text: they

text: can

text: live

text: with

text: Crafting

text: a

text: positive

text: sense

text: of

text: self

text: at

text: work

text: is

text: more

text: challenging

text: when

text: one

text: 's

text: work

text: is

text: considered

text: dirty

text: by

text: societal

text: standards

text: Tracy

text: Scott

text: p.

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: doing

text: taint

text: management

text: is

text: not

text: just

text: about

text: allowing

text: the

text: employee

text: to

text: feel

text: good

text: in

text: that

text: job

text: If

text: employees

text: must

text: navigate

text: discourses

text: that

text: question

text: the

text: viability

text: of

text: their

text: work

text: and/

text: or

text: experience

text: obstacles

text: in

text: managing

text: taint

text: through

text: transforming

text: dirty

text: work

text: into

text: a

text: badge

text: of

text: honor

text: it

text: is

text: likely

text: they

text: will

text: find

text: blaming

text: the

text: client

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: efficacious

text: route

text: in

text: affirming

text: their

text: identity

text: Tracy

text: Scott

text: p.

question: Various research traditions are using what lens to examine phenomena?

answer: the lens of identity

text: the lens of identity

question: What stigma do correctional officers have to deal with?

answer: glorified maids

text: glorified maids

question: The implications of identity and identity construction are discussed in what settings?

answer: occupational settings

text: occupational settings

question: What are people in stigmatized jobs forced to create?

answer: an identity they can live with

text: an identity they can live with

question: What are the two examples give for justifications and values for occupational choices?

answer: workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life

text: workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life

question: Where is the implication of identity and identity construction least obvious?

text: occupational settings

question: What becomes increasingly challenging in prestigious jobs?

text: identity construction

question: What are people in high-powered forced to do? jobs

question: What is a desirable alternative to crafting an occupational identity one can live with

text: blaming the client


text: All modern birds lie within the crown group Aves (alternately Neornithes), which has two subdivisions: the Palaeognathae, which includes the flightless ratites (such as the ostriches) and the weak-flying tinamous, and the extremely diverse Neognathae, containing all other birds. These two subdivisions are often given the rank of superorder, although Livezey and Zusi assigned them "cohort" rank. Depending on the taxonomic viewpoint, the number of known living bird species varies anywhere from 9,800 to 10,050.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: All

text: modern

text: birds

text: lie

text: within

text: the

text: crown

text: group

text: Aves

text: alternately

text: Neornithes

text: which

text: has

text: two

text: subdivisions

text: the

text: Palaeognathae

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: flightless

text: ratites

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ostriches

text: and

text: the

text: weak

text: flying

text: tinamous

text: and

text: the

text: extremely

text: diverse

text: Neognathae

text: containing

text: all

text: other

text: birds

text: These

text: two

text: subdivisions

text: are

text: often

text: given

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: superorder

text: although

text: Livezey

text: and

text: Zusi

text: assigned

text: them

text: cohort

text: rank

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: taxonomic

text: viewpoint

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: known

text: living

text: bird

text: species

text: varies

text: anywhere

text: from

text: to

question: All modern birds lie within which crown group?

answer: Aves

text: Aves

question: What is another name for Aves?

answer: Neornithes

text: Neornithes

question: The two subdivisions of what group include Palaeognathae and Neognathae?

answer: Aves

text: Aves

question: What is the number range of living bird species?

answer: 9,800 to 10,050

text: 9,800 to 10,050


text: Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect that favours the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms and aids in "head retention", the length of time that a foamy head created by carbonation will last. The acidity of hops is a preservative.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Hops

text: contain

text: several

text: characteristics

text: that

text: brewers

text: desire

text: in

text: beer

text: Hops

text: contribute

text: a

text: bitterness

text: that

text: balances

text: the

text: sweetness

text: of

text: the

text: malt

text: the

text: bitterness

text: of

text: beers

text: is

text: measured

text: on

text: the

text: International

text: Bitterness

text: Units

text: scale

text: Hops

text: contribute

text: floral

text: citrus

text: and

text: herbal

text: aromas

text: and

text: flavours

text: to

text: beer

text: Hops

text: have

text: an

text: antibiotic

text: effect

text: that

text: favours

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: brewer

text: 's

text: yeast

text: over

text: less

text: desirable

text: microorganisms

text: and

text: aids

text: in

text: head

text: retention

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: time

text: that

text: a

text: foamy

text: head

text: created

text: by

text: carbonation

text: will

text: last

text: The

text: acidity

text: of

text: hops

text: is

text: a

text: preservative

question: What is the main cause for the bitterness in beer?

answer: Hops

text: Hops

question: What is the main goals for the sweetness of beer?

answer: malt

text: malt

question: How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured?

answer: the International Bitterness Units scale

text: the International Bitterness Units scale

question: The acidity of what ingredient acts as a preservative in beer?

answer: hops

text: hops

question: What do you call the length of time that foam is on top of beer because of carbonation?

answer: head retention

text: head retention

question: What does beer contain that brewers desire in hops?

text: several characteristics

question: What is measured by the Bitterness International Units scale?

text: bitterness of beers

question: What is retention head?

question: What type of effect do floral hops have?

text: antibiotic effect


text: The band, now revitalised by the response to Live Aid – a "shot in the arm" Roger Taylor called it, — and the ensuing increase in record sales, ended 1985 by releasing the single "One Vision", which was the third time after "Stone Cold Crazy" and "Under Pressure (with David Bowie)" that all four bandmembers received a writing credit for the one song. Also, a limited-edition boxed set containing all Queen albums to date was released under the title of The Complete Works. The package included previously unreleased material, most notably Queen's non-album single of Christmas 1984, titled "Thank God It's Christmas".

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: band

text: now

text: revitalised

text: by

text: the

text: response

text: to

text: Live

text: Aid

text: a

text: shot

text: in

text: the

text: arm

text: Roger

text: Taylor

text: called

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: ensuing

text: increase

text: in

text: record

text: sales

text: ended

text: by

text: releasing

text: the

text: single

text: One

text: Vision

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: time

text: after

text: Stone

text: Cold

text: Crazy

text: and

text: Under

text: Pressure

text: with

text: David

text: Bowie

text: that

text: all

text: four

text: bandmembers

text: received

text: a

text: writing

text: credit

text: for

text: the

text: one

text: song

text: Also

text: a

text: limited

text: edition

text: boxed

text: set

text: containing

text: all

text: Queen

text: albums

text: to

text: date

text: was

text: released

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: The

text: Complete

text: Works

text: The

text: package

text: included

text: previously

text: unreleased

text: material

text: most

text: notably

text: Queen

text: 's

text: non

text: album

text: single

text: of

text: Christmas

text: titled

text: Thank

text: God

text: It

text: 's

text: Christmas

question: What year was Queen's One Vision released?

answer: 1985

question: How many band members wrote Queen's One Vision?

answer: four

text: four

question: What was the mid 1980s Queen boxed set called?

answer: The Complete Works

text: The Complete Works

question: What was Queen's 1984 Christmas song called?

answer: Thank God It's Christmas

text: Thank God It's Christmas


text: The observation that old windows are sometimes found to be thicker at the bottom than at the top is often offered as supporting evidence for the view that glass flows over a timescale of centuries, the assumption being that the glass has exhibited the liquid property of flowing from one shape to another. This assumption is incorrect, as once solidified, glass stops flowing. The reason for the observation is that in the past, when panes of glass were commonly made by glassblowers, the technique used was to spin molten glass so as to create a round, mostly flat and even plate (the crown glass process, described above). This plate was then cut to fit a window. The pieces were not absolutely flat; the edges of the disk became a different thickness as the glass spun. When installed in a window frame, the glass would be placed with the thicker side down both for the sake of stability and to prevent water accumulating in the lead cames at the bottom of the window. Occasionally such glass has been found installed with the thicker side at the top, left or right.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: The

text: observation

text: that

text: old

text: windows

text: are

text: sometimes

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: thicker

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: than

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: is

text: often

text: offered

text: as

text: supporting

text: evidence

text: for

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: glass

text: flows

text: over

text: a

text: timescale

text: of

text: centuries

text: the

text: assumption

text: being

text: that

text: the

text: glass

text: has

text: exhibited

text: the

text: liquid

text: property

text: of

text: flowing

text: from

text: one

text: shape

text: to

text: another

text: This

text: assumption

text: is

text: incorrect

text: as

text: once

text: solidified

text: glass

text: stops

text: flowing

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: observation

text: is

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: when

text: panes

text: of

text: glass

text: were

text: commonly

text: made

text: by

text: glassblowers

text: the

text: technique

text: used

text: was

text: to

text: spin

text: molten

text: glass

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: round

text: mostly

text: flat

text: and

text: even

text: plate

text: the

text: crown

text: glass

text: process

text: described

text: above

text: This

text: plate

text: was

text: then

text: cut

text: to

text: fit

text: a

text: window

text: The

text: pieces

text: were

text: not

text: absolutely

text: flat

text: the

text: edges

text: of

text: the

text: disk

text: became

text: a

text: different

text: thickness

text: as

text: the

text: glass

text: spun

text: When

text: installed

text: in

text: a

text: window

text: frame

text: the

text: glass

text: would

text: be

text: placed

text: with

text: the

text: thicker

text: side

text: down

text: both

text: for

text: the

text: sake

text: of

text: stability

text: and

text: to

text: prevent

text: water

text: accumulating

text: in

text: the

text: lead

text: cames

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: window

text: Occasionally

text: such

text: glass

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: installed

text: with

text: the

text: thicker

text: side

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: left

text: or

text: right

question: What was the benefit of installing glass with the thick side at the bottom, in addition to avoiding water accumulation?

answer: stability

text: stability

question: Who used to make window panes?

answer: glassblowers

text: glassblowers

question: What is the name for the glassmaking method that involved spinning it into sheets?

answer: crown glass process

text: crown glass process

question: The thickness at the bottom of glass panes was once taken as evidence that glass had features of what state of matter?

answer: liquid

text: liquid

question: When does glass stop moving like a liquid?

answer: once solidified

text: once solidified

question: What was the benefit of installing glass with the thick side at the top?

text: stability

question: Who used to make water?

text: glassblowers

question: What is the name for the glassmaking method that involved centuries?

text: crown glass process

question: The crown glass process was once taken as evidence that glass had features of what state of matter?

text: liquid

question: When does glass stop moving like the bottom of the window?

text: once solidified


text: Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts is striking. Meditative states alone are not an end, for according to the Buddha, even the highest meditative state is not liberating. Instead of attaining a complete cessation of thought, some sort of mental activity must take place: a liberating cognition, based on the practice of mindful awareness.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

text: traditionally

text: incorporates

text: states

text: of

text: meditative

text: absorption

text: Pali

text: jhāna

text: Skt

text: dhyāna

text: The

text: most

text: ancient

text: sustained

text: expression

text: of

text: yogic

text: ideas

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: sermons

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: One

text: key

text: innovative

text: teaching

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: was

text: that

text: meditative

text: absorption

text: must

text: be

text: combined

text: with

text: liberating

text: cognition

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: teaching

text: and

text: the

text: yoga

text: presented

text: in

text: early

text: Brahminic

text: texts

text: is

text: striking

text: Meditative

text: states

text: alone

text: are

text: not

text: an

text: end

text: for

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Buddha

text: even

text: the

text: highest

text: meditative

text: state

text: is

text: not

text: liberating

text: Instead

text: of

text: attaining

text: a

text: complete

text: cessation

text: of

text: thought

text: some

text: sort

text: of

text: mental

text: activity

text: must

text: take

text: place

text: a

text: liberating

text: cognition

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: mindful

text: awareness

question: Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption?

answer: meditative

text: meditative

question: The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who?

answer: the Buddha

text: the Buddha

question: The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant?

answer: Brahminic

text: Brahminic

question: According to the Buddha event he highest meditative state is not what?

answer: liberating

text: liberating


text: The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environmentally fragile, and impoverished. Sichuan's capital of Chengdu is home to a large community of Tibetans, with 30,000 permanent Tibetan residents and up to 200,000 Tibetan floating population. The Eastern Lipo, included with either the Yi or the Lisu people, as well as the A-Hmao, also are among the ethnic groups of the provinces.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: who

text: are

text: found

text: scattered

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: far

text: western

text: areas

text: Thus

text: significant

text: minorities

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Yi

text: Qiang

text: and

text: Nakhi

text: people

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: that

text: are

text: impacted

text: by

text: inclement

text: weather

text: and

text: natural

text: disasters

text: environmentally

text: fragile

text: and

text: impoverished

text: Sichuan

text: 's

text: capital

text: of

text: Chengdu

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: community

text: of

text: Tibetans

text: with

text: permanent

text: Tibetan

text: residents

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: Tibetan

text: floating

text: population

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Lipo

text: included

text: with

text: either

text: the

text: Yi

text: or

text: the

text: Lisu

text: people

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: A

text: Hmao

text: also

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

question: What race is the majority of Sichuan?

answer: Han Chinese

text: Han Chinese

question: What is one of the largest minorities in Chengdu?

answer: Tibetan

text: Tibetan

question: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to natural disasters?

answer: far western areas.

text: far western areas.

question: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Chengdu?

answer: 30,000

question: What group makes up a minority of the privinces population?

text: Han Chinese

question: What groups live in the eastern province?

text: Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi

question: Where do people benefit from mild climate?

text: western portion

question: What population includes 200,000 perminant residents?

text: Tibetans

question: What race is the majority of Tibet?

text: Han Chinese

question: What is one of the largest minorities in Yi?

text: Tibetan

question: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to ethnic groups?

text: far western areas

question: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Eastern Lipo?

question: How big is the Yi floating population?


text: Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact. Upon signing the pact, Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists that "fascism is a matter of taste". For its part, Nazi Germany also did a public volte-face regarding its virulent opposition to the Soviet Union, though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as "inevitable".[citation needed]

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Soviet

text: propaganda

text: and

text: representatives

text: went

text: to

text: great

text: lengths

text: to

text: minimize

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: opposed

text: and

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: Nazis

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: for

text: a

text: decade

text: prior

text: to

text: signing

text: the

text: Pact

text: Upon

text: signing

text: the

text: pact

text: Molotov

text: tried

text: to

text: reassure

text: the

text: Germans

text: of

text: his

text: good

text: intentions

text: by

text: commenting

text: to

text: journalists

text: that

text: fascism

text: is

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: taste

text: For

text: its

text: part

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: also

text: did

text: a

text: public

text: volte

text: face

text: regarding

text: its

text: virulent

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: though

text: Hitler

text: still

text: viewed

text: an

text: attack

text: on

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: inevitable".[citation

text: needed

question: Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets?

answer: Molotov

text: Molotov

question: How long did the anti-Nazi propaganda machine run before the pact-signing?

answer: a decade

text: a decade

question: A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom?

answer: Hitler

text: Hitler

question: Who up-played the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets?

text: Molotov

question: Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between England and the Soviets?

text: Molotov

question: How long did the anti-Soviet propaganda machine run before the pact-signing?

text: a decade

question: A war with the USSR wasn't considered certain according to whom?

text: Hitler

question: A war with the USSR was considered uncertain according to whom?

text: Hitler


text: San Diego is one of the top-ten best climates in the Farmers' Almanac and is one of the two best summer climates in America as scored by The Weather Channel. Under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system, the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a semi-arid climate (BSh in the original classification and BSkn in modified Köppen classification) or a Mediterranean climate (Csa and Csb). San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches [230–330 mm] annually). Dewpoints in the summer months range from 57.0 °F (13.9 °C) to 62.4 °F (16.9 °C).

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: best

text: climates

text: in

text: the

text: Farmers

text: Almanac

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: best

text: summer

text: climates

text: in

text: America

text: as

text: scored

text: by

text: The

text: Weather

text: Channel

text: Under

text: the

text: Köppen

text: Geiger

text: climate

text: classification

text: system

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: variously

text: categorized

text: as

text: having

text: either

text: a

text: semi

text: arid

text: climate

text: BSh

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: classification

text: and

text: BSkn

text: in

text: modified

text: Köppen

text: classification

text: or

text: a

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: Csa

text: and

text: Csb

text: San

text: Diego

text: 's

text: climate

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: warm

text: dry

text: summers

text: and

text: mild

text: winters

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: annual

text: precipitation

text: falling

text: between

text: December

text: and

text: March

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: a

text: mild

text: climate

text: year

text: round

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: days

text: above

text: F

text: C

text: and

text: low

text: rainfall

text: inches

text: mm

text: annually

text: Dewpoints

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: months

text: range

text: from

text: F

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: C

question: When does San Diego receive most of its precipitation?

answer: between December and March

text: between December and March

question: How many days of the year does San Diego typically experience temperatures above 70 degrees Fahrenheit ?

answer: 201 days

text: 201 days

question: What ranked San Diego as having the country's best summer climate?

answer: Weather Channel

text: Weather Channel

question: What type of climate is San Diego classified as having?

answer: semi-arid climate

text: semi-arid climate

question: What type of weather can one expect to experience in San Diego in the winter?

answer: mild

text: mild

question: When does San Francisco receive most of its precipitation?

text: between December and March.

question: How many days of the year does San Diego typically experience temperatures above 60 degrees Fahrenheit ?

text: 201 days

question: What ranked San Diego as having the country's worst summer climate?

text: The Weather Channel

question: What type of climate is San Francisco classified as having?

text: semi-arid climate

question: What type of weather can one expect to experience in San Francisco in the winter?

text: mild


text: Many of the world's largest media conglomerates are also based in the city. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2015, is the largest central business district in the world.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: media

text: conglomerates

text: are

text: also

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Manhattan

text: contained

text: over

text: million

text: square

text: feet

text: million

text: of

text: office

text: space

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: office

text: market

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: while

text: Midtown

text: Manhattan

text: with

text: nearly

text: million

text: square

text: feet

text: million

text: in

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: How many square meters of office space does Manhattan have?

answer: 46.5 million

text: 46.5 million

question: About how many million square feet of office space is present in Midtown Manhattan?

answer: 400

question: How much office space did Manhatten possess in 2015?

answer: 500 million square feet

text: 500 million square feet


text: The basis of Simpson's unity is color and colonial subjection. His color chart recognizes a spectrum of black, brown and yellow, which at the time had been traditional since the late 19th century. Apart from these was "the great white race", which the moderate Simpson tones down to simply the white race. The great whites were appearing as late as the 1920s works of James Henry Breasted, which were taught as the gospel of ancient history throughout the entire first half of the 20th century. A red wavelength was mainly of interest in America. The eastern question was modified by Simpson to "The Problem of the Nearer East," which had nothing to do with the Ottomans but everything to do with British colonialism. Simpson wrote of the white man:

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: basis

text: of

text: Simpson

text: 's

text: unity

text: is

text: color

text: and

text: colonial

text: subjection

text: His

text: color

text: chart

text: recognizes

text: a

text: spectrum

text: of

text: black

text: brown

text: and

text: yellow

text: which

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: had

text: been

text: traditional

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Apart

text: from

text: these

text: was

text: the

text: great

text: white

text: race

text: which

text: the

text: moderate

text: Simpson

text: tones

text: down

text: to

text: simply

text: the

text: white

text: race

text: The

text: great

text: whites

text: were

text: appearing

text: as

text: late

text: as

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: James

text: Henry

text: Breasted

text: which

text: were

text: taught

text: as

text: the

text: gospel

text: of

text: ancient

text: history

text: throughout

text: the

text: entire

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: A

text: red

text: wavelength

text: was

text: mainly

text: of

text: interest

text: in

text: America

text: The

text: eastern

text: question

text: was

text: modified

text: by

text: Simpson

text: to

text: The

text: Problem

text: of

text: the

text: Nearer

text: East

text: which

text: had

text: nothing

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: but

text: everything

text: to

text: do

text: with

text: British

text: colonialism

text: Simpson

text: wrote

text: of

text: the

text: white

text: man

question: What is the basis of Simpson's unity?

answer: color and colonial subjection

text: color and colonial subjection

question: The great whites were appearing as late as what time?

answer: the 1920s

text: the 1920s

question: In whose works were the great whites appearing?

answer: James Henry Breasted

text: James Henry Breasted

question: What was mainly of interest in America?

answer: A red wavelength

text: A red wavelength


text: In the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish feasts. Grapes were also significant to both the Greeks and Romans, and their god of agriculture, Dionysus, was linked to grapes and wine, being frequently portrayed with grape leaves on his head. Grapes are especially significant for Christians, who since the Early Church have used wine in their celebration of the Eucharist. Views on the significance of the wine vary between denominations. In Christian art, grapes often represent the blood of Christ, such as the grape leaves in Caravaggio’s John the Baptist.

title: Grape

title: Grape

text: In

text: the

text: Bible

text: grapes

text: are

text: first

text: mentioned

text: when

text: Noah

text: grows

text: them

text: on

text: his

text: farm

text: Genesis

text: Instructions

text: concerning

text: wine

text: are

text: given

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: of

text: Proverbs

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: of

text: Isaiah

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Proverbs

text: and

text: Isaiah

text: Deuteronomy

text: tell

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: wine

text: during

text: Jewish

text: feasts

text: Grapes

text: were

text: also

text: significant

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Greeks

text: and

text: Romans

text: and

text: their

text: god

text: of

text: agriculture

text: Dionysus

text: was

text: linked

text: to

text: grapes

text: and

text: wine

text: being

text: frequently

text: portrayed

text: with

text: grape

text: leaves

text: on

text: his

text: head

text: Grapes

text: are

text: especially

text: significant

text: for

text: Christians

text: who

text: since

text: the

text: Early

text: Church

text: have

text: used

text: wine

text: in

text: their

text: celebration

text: of

text: the

text: Eucharist

text: Views

text: on

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: wine

text: vary

text: between

text: denominations

text: In

text: Christian

text: art

text: grapes

text: often

text: represent

text: the

text: blood

text: of

text: Christ

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: grape

text: leaves

text: in

text: Caravaggio

text: ’s

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

question: When are grapes first mentioned in the Bible?

answer: Genesis 9:20–21

text: Genesis 9:20–21

question: Who was the Greek and Roman god of agriculture?

answer: Dionysus

text: Dionysus

question: Whose blood do grapes usually represent in Christian art?

answer: Christ

text: Christ

question: Which book of the Bible talks about the use of wine during Jewish feasts?

answer: Deuteronomy

text: Deuteronomy

question: Who in the Bible first grew grapes on their farm?

answer: Noah

text: Noah


text: Born in Bay City, Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she signed with Sire Records (an auxiliary label of Warner Bros. Records) in 1982 and released her self-titled debut album the following year. She followed it with a series of commercially and critcally successful albums, including the Grammy Award winners Ray of Light (1998) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005). Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including "Like a Virgin", "Into the Groove", "Papa Don't Preach", "Like a Prayer", "Vogue", "Frozen", "Music", "Hung Up", and "4 Minutes".

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Born

text: in

text: Bay

text: City

text: Michigan

text: Madonna

text: moved

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: in

text: to

text: pursue

text: a

text: career

text: in

text: modern

text: dance

text: After

text: performing

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: groups

text: Breakfast

text: Club

text: and

text: Emmy

text: she

text: signed

text: with

text: Sire

text: Records

text: an

text: auxiliary

text: label

text: of

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: in

text: and

text: released

text: her

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: album

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: She

text: followed

text: it

text: with

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: commercially

text: and

text: critcally

text: successful

text: albums

text: including

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: winners

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: and

text: Confessions

text: on

text: a

text: Dance

text: Floor

text: Throughout

text: her

text: career

text: Madonna

text: has

text: written

text: and

text: produced

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: songs

text: with

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: reaching

text: number

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: record

text: charts

text: including

text: Like

text: a

text: Virgin

text: Into

text: the

text: Groove

text: Papa

text: Do

text: n't

text: Preach

text: Like

text: a

text: Prayer

text: Vogue

text: Frozen

text: Music

text: Hung

text: Up

text: and

text: Minutes

question: Where was Madonna born?

answer: Bay City, Michigan

text: Bay City, Michigan

question: In which year did Madonna move to New York City?

answer: 1977

question: Which record label did Madonna sign with in 1982?

answer: Sire Records

text: Sire Records

question: What was the name of the album she released in 1983?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna

question: Name Madonna's Grammy award album in 1998?

answer: Ray of Light

text: Ray of Light


text: In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: In

text: the

text: Federation

text: of

text: Australia

text: was

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: six

text: separate

text: British

text: self

text: governing

text: colonies

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: Queensland

text: South

text: Australia

text: Tasmania

text: Victoria

text: and

text: Western

text: Australia

text: formed

text: one

text: nation

text: They

text: kept

text: the

text: systems

text: of

text: government

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: developed

text: as

text: separate

text: colonies

text: but

text: also

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: federal

text: government

text: that

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: matters

text: concerning

text: the

text: whole

text: nation

text: When

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Australia

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: the

text: colonies

text: collectively

text: became

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

question: What is the federation of Australia?

answer: six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation.

text: six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation.

question: What was the federal Government responsible for?

answer: matters concerning the whole nation.

text: matters concerning the whole nation.

question: When did the colonies collectively become a part of the Commonwealth  of Australia?

answer: When the Constitution of Australia came into force

text: When the Constitution of Australia came into force


text: In practice, culture referred to an élite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. As these forms were associated with urban life, "culture" was identified with "civilization" (from lat. civitas, city). Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, which led to identifying a "culture" among non-elites. This distinction is often characterized as that between high culture, namely that of the ruling social group, and low culture. In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: practice

text: culture

text: referred

text: to

text: an

text: élite

text: ideal

text: and

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: such

text: activities

text: as

text: art

text: classical

text: music

text: and

text: haute

text: cuisine

text: As

text: these

text: forms

text: were

text: associated

text: with

text: urban

text: life

text: culture

text: was

text: identified

text: with

text: civilization

text: from

text: lat

text: civitas

text: city

text: Another

text: facet

text: of

text: the

text: Romantic

text: movement

text: was

text: an

text: interest

text: in

text: folklore

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: identifying

text: a

text: culture

text: among

text: non

text: elites

text: This

text: distinction

text: is

text: often

text: characterized

text: as

text: that

text: between

text: high

text: culture

text: namely

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: ruling

text: social

text: group

text: and

text: low

text: culture

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: culture

text: that

text: developed

text: in

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: reflected

text: inequalities

text: within

text: European

text: societies

question: What did culture refer to in practice?

answer: élite ideal

text: élite ideal

question: What was associated with culture during this German practice?

answer: art, classical music, and haute cuisine

text: art, classical music, and haute cuisine

question: Art and music were some of these forms of  cultural related to what type of living?

answer: urban life

text: urban life

question: The idea of culture in Europe in the 19th century reflected what during this time period?

answer: inequalities within European societies.

text: inequalities within European societies.

question: What did culture never refer to in practice?

text: an élite ideal

question: What was associated with culture during this American practice?

text: art, classical music, and haute cuisine

question: What movement had little interest in folklore?

text: Romantic

question: When did the idea of "culture" stop in Europe?