text: The 16th and 17th centuries are regarded as something of a "dark age" in Greek history, with the prospect of overthrowing Ottoman rule appearing remote with only the Ionian islands remaining free of Turkish domination. Corfu withstood three major sieges in 1537, 1571 and 1716 all of which resulted in the repulsion of the Ottomans. However, in the 18th century, there arose through shipping a wealthy and dispersed Greek merchant class. These merchants came to dominate trade within the Ottoman Empire, establishing communities throughout the Mediterranean, the Balkans, and Western Europe. Though the Ottoman conquest had cut Greece off from significant European intellectual movements such as the Reformation and the Enlightenment, these ideas together with the ideals of the French Revolution and romantic nationalism began to penetrate the Greek world via the mercantile diaspora.[page needed] In the late 18th century, Rigas Feraios, the first revolutionary to envision an independent Greek state, published a series of documents relating to Greek independence, including but not limited to a national anthem and the first detailed map of Greece, in Vienna, and was murdered by Ottoman agents in 1798.[page needed]

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: and

text: centuries

text: are

text: regarded

text: as

text: something

text: of

text: a

text: dark

text: age

text: in

text: Greek

text: history

text: with

text: the

text: prospect

text: of

text: overthrowing

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: appearing

text: remote

text: with

text: only

text: the

text: Ionian

text: islands

text: remaining

text: free

text: of

text: Turkish

text: domination

text: Corfu

text: withstood

text: three

text: major

text: sieges

text: in

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: repulsion

text: of

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: arose

text: through

text: shipping

text: a

text: wealthy

text: and

text: dispersed

text: Greek

text: merchant

text: class

text: These

text: merchants

text: came

text: to

text: dominate

text: trade

text: within

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: establishing

text: communities

text: throughout

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Though

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: conquest

text: had

text: cut

text: Greece

text: off

text: from

text: significant

text: European

text: intellectual

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Reformation

text: and

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: these

text: ideas

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: romantic

text: nationalism

text: began

text: to

text: penetrate

text: the

text: Greek

text: world

text: via

text: the

text: mercantile

text: diaspora.[page

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Rigas

text: Feraios

text: the

text: first

text: revolutionary

text: to

text: envision

text: an

text: independent

text: Greek

text: state

text: published

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: documents

text: relating

text: to

text: Greek

text: independence

text: including

text: but

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: a

text: national

text: anthem

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: detailed

text: map

text: of

text: Greece

text: in

text: Vienna

text: and

text: was

text: murdered

text: by

text: Ottoman

text: agents

text: in

text: needed

question: Greece's Dark Ages is thought of as what time periods?

answer: 16th and 17th centuries

text: 16th and 17th centuries

question: Greek merchants ruled the trade industry in which century?

answer: 18th

question: Who published Greek documents that espoused Greek independence?

answer: Rigas Feraios

text: Rigas Feraios

question: Rigas Feraios was killed by Ottoman assassins in what year?

answer: 1798


text: In his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a "red flag". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains that drives must compete with each other within living beings. The most fit creature would be the one whose pains are well balanced. Those pains which mean certain death when ignored will become the most powerfully felt. The relative intensities of pain, then, may resemble the relative importance of that risk to our ancestors (lack of food, too much cold, or serious injuries are felt as agony, whereas minor damage is felt as mere discomfort). This resemblance will not be perfect, however, because natural selection can be a poor designer. The result is often glitches in animals, including supernormal stimuli. Such glitches help explain pains which are not, or at least no longer directly adaptive (e.g. perhaps some forms of toothache, or injury to fingernails).

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: In

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Greatest

text: Show

text: on

text: Earth

text: The

text: Evidence

text: for

text: Evolution

text: biologist

text: Richard

text: Dawkins

text: grapples

text: with

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: why

text: pain

text: has

text: to

text: be

text: so

text: very

text: painful

text: He

text: describes

text: the

text: alternative

text: as

text: a

text: simple

text: mental

text: raising

text: of

text: a

text: red

text: flag

text: To

text: argue

text: why

text: that

text: red

text: flag

text: might

text: be

text: insufficient

text: Dawkins

text: explains

text: that

text: drives

text: must

text: compete

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: within

text: living

text: beings

text: The

text: most

text: fit

text: creature

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: one

text: whose

text: pains

text: are

text: well

text: balanced

text: Those

text: pains

text: which

text: mean

text: certain

text: death

text: when

text: ignored

text: will

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: powerfully

text: felt

text: The

text: relative

text: intensities

text: of

text: pain

text: then

text: may

text: resemble

text: the

text: relative

text: importance

text: of

text: that

text: risk

text: to

text: our

text: ancestors

text: lack

text: of

text: food

text: too

text: much

text: cold

text: or

text: serious

text: injuries

text: are

text: felt

text: as

text: agony

text: whereas

text: minor

text: damage

text: is

text: felt

text: as

text: mere

text: discomfort

text: This

text: resemblance

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: perfect

text: however

text: because

text: natural

text: selection

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: poor

text: designer

text: The

text: result

text: is

text: often

text: glitches

text: in

text: animals

text: including

text: supernormal

text: stimuli

text: Such

text: glitches

text: help

text: explain

text: pains

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: no

text: longer

text: directly

text: adaptive

text: e.g.

text: perhaps

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: toothache

text: or

text: injury

text: to

text: fingernails

question: Who wrote "The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution"?

answer: Richard Dawkins

text: Richard Dawkins

question: What does Dawkins explain must compete with each other in living begins?

answer: drives

text: drives

question: What would be the most fit creature?

answer: one whose pains are well balanced

text: one whose pains are well balanced

question: What might the relative intensities of pain resemble?

answer: risk

text: risk

question: What type of designer is natural selection?

answer: poor

text: poor

question: What book did Dawkins Richard write?

question: What profession does Dawkins Richard hold?

text: biologist

question: What is red flag supernatural stimuli?

text: glitches in animals


text: Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialties within educational studies, including instructional design, educational technology, curriculum development, organizational learning, special education and classroom management. Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences. In universities, departments of educational psychology are usually housed within faculties of education, possibly accounting for the lack of representation of educational psychology content in introductory psychology textbooks (Lucas, Blazek, & Raley, 2006).

title: Education

title: Education

text: Educational

text: psychology

text: can

text: in

text: part

text: be

text: understood

text: through

text: its

text: relationship

text: with

text: other

text: disciplines

text: It

text: is

text: informed

text: primarily

text: by

text: psychology

text: bearing

text: a

text: relationship

text: to

text: that

text: discipline

text: analogous

text: to

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: medicine

text: and

text: biology

text: Educational

text: psychology

text: in

text: turn

text: informs

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: specialties

text: within

text: educational

text: studies

text: including

text: instructional

text: design

text: educational

text: technology

text: curriculum

text: development

text: organizational

text: learning

text: special

text: education

text: and

text: classroom

text: management

text: Educational

text: psychology

text: both

text: draws

text: from

text: and

text: contributes

text: to

text: cognitive

text: science

text: and

text: the

text: learning

text: sciences

text: In

text: universities

text: departments

text: of

text: educational

text: psychology

text: are

text: usually

text: housed

text: within

text: faculties

text: of

text: education

text: possibly

text: accounting

text: for

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: representation

text: of

text: educational

text: psychology

text: content

text: in

text: introductory

text: psychology

text: textbooks

text: Lucas

text: Blazek

text: Raley

question: How can Educational psychology in part be understood?

answer: through its relationship with other disciplines

text: through its relationship with other disciplines

question: How is the method of educational psychology have some relation to medicine and biology?

answer: discipline analogous

text: discipline analogous

question: Where does education psychology draw from?

answer: contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences

text: contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences

question: In universities where are the departments of educational psychology normally held?

answer: faculties of education

text: faculties of education

question: How does educational psychology go misunderstood?

question: Where does education psychology not get inspiration from?

question: where are the departments of educational psychology never held?

text: faculties of education

question: What is not an example of a specialty within educational studies?

text: instructional design


text: Luís Cabral, brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau. Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas. Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations. One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã. In 1980 the PAIGC acknowledged in its newspaper Nó Pintcha (dated 29 November 1980) that many Gueinean soldiers had been executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Luís

text: Cabral

text: brother

text: of

text: Amílcar

text: and

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: PAIGC

text: was

text: appointed

text: the

text: first

text: President

text: of

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: Following

text: independence

text: the

text: PAIGC

text: killed

text: thousands

text: of

text: local

text: Guinean

text: soldiers

text: who

text: had

text: fought

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Army

text: against

text: guerrillas

text: Some

text: escaped

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: Portugal

text: or

text: other

text: African

text: nations

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: massacres

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Bissorã

text: In

text: the

text: PAIGC

text: acknowledged

text: in

text: its

text: newspaper

text: Nó

text: Pintcha

text: dated

text: November

text: that

text: many

text: Gueinean

text: soldiers

text: had

text: been

text: executed

text: and

text: buried

text: in

text: unmarked

text: collective

text: graves

text: in

text: the

text: woods

text: of

text: Cumerá

text: Portogole

text: and

text: Mansabá

question: Who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau?

answer: Luís Cabral

text: Luís Cabral

question: How many Guinean soldiers did the PAIGC kill?

answer: thousands

text: thousands

question: Where did one of the massacres occur?

answer: Bissorã

text: Bissorã

question: When did the PAIGC acknowledge the executions?

answer: 29 November 1980

text: 29 November 1980

question: Where were the soldiers buried?

answer: Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá

text: Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá


text: The majority of primary and secondary schools and further-education colleges in London are controlled by the London boroughs or otherwise state-funded; leading examples include City and Islington College, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College, Leyton Sixth Form College, Tower Hamlets College and Bethnal Green Academy. There are also a number of private schools and colleges in London, some old and famous, such as City of London School, Harrow, St Paul's School, Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School, University College School, The John Lyon School, Highgate School and Westminster School.

title: London

title: London

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: and

text: further

text: education

text: colleges

text: in

text: London

text: are

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: London

text: boroughs

text: or

text: otherwise

text: state

text: funded

text: leading

text: examples

text: include

text: City

text: and

text: Islington

text: College

text: Ealing

text: Hammersmith

text: and

text: West

text: London

text: College

text: Leyton

text: Sixth

text: Form

text: College

text: Tower

text: Hamlets

text: College

text: and

text: Bethnal

text: Green

text: Academy

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: private

text: schools

text: and

text: colleges

text: in

text: London

text: some

text: old

text: and

text: famous

text: such

text: as

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: School

text: Harrow

text: St

text: Paul

text: 's

text: School

text: Haberdashers

text: Aske

text: 's

text: Boys

text: School

text: University

text: College

text: School

text: The

text: John

text: Lyon

text: School

text: Highgate

text: School

text: and

text: Westminster

text: School

question: Who overseas the public primary and secondary school systems in London?

answer: the London boroughs

text: the London boroughs

question: What private boys' school shares in London shares its name with a famous cathedral?

answer: St Paul's School,

text: St Paul's School,


text: The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: coats

text: of

text: domestic

text: dogs

text: are

text: of

text: two

text: varieties

text: double

text: being

text: common

text: with

text: dogs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: wolves

text: originating

text: from

text: colder

text: climates

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: a

text: coarse

text: guard

text: hair

text: and

text: a

text: soft

text: down

text: hair

text: or

text: single

text: with

text: the

text: topcoat

text: only

question: Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?

answer: double

text: double

question: Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?

answer: soft down hair

text: soft down hair

question: What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?

answer: double

text: double

question: What is a single coat?

answer: topcoat only

text: topcoat only


text: The World Bank has sponsored a project to curb air pollution through public transport improvements and the Mexican government has started shutting down polluting factories. They have phased out diesel buses and mandated new emission controls on new cars; since 1993 all new cars must be fitted with a catalytic converter, which reduces the emissions released. Trucks must use only liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Also construction of an underground rail system was begun in 1968 in order to help curb air pollution problems and alleviate traffic congestion. Today it has over 201 km (125 mi) of track and carries over 5 million people every day. Fees are kept low to encourage use of the system and during rush hours the crush is so great, that authorities have reserved a special carriage specifically for women. Due to these initiatives and others, the air quality in Mexico City has begun to improve, with the air becoming cleaner since 1991, when the air quality was declared to be a public health risk for 355 days of the year.[citation needed]

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: World

text: Bank

text: has

text: sponsored

text: a

text: project

text: to

text: curb

text: air

text: pollution

text: through

text: public

text: transport

text: improvements

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: government

text: has

text: started

text: shutting

text: down

text: polluting

text: factories

text: They

text: have

text: phased

text: out

text: diesel

text: buses

text: and

text: mandated

text: new

text: emission

text: controls

text: on

text: new

text: cars

text: since

text: all

text: new

text: cars

text: must

text: be

text: fitted

text: with

text: a

text: catalytic

text: converter

text: which

text: reduces

text: the

text: emissions

text: released

text: Trucks

text: must

text: use

text: only

text: liquefied

text: petroleum

text: gas

text: LPG

text: Also

text: construction

text: of

text: an

text: underground

text: rail

text: system

text: was

text: begun

text: in

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: help

text: curb

text: air

text: pollution

text: problems

text: and

text: alleviate

text: traffic

text: congestion

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: over

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: track

text: and

text: carries

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: every

text: day

text: Fees

text: are

text: kept

text: low

text: to

text: encourage

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: and

text: during

text: rush

text: hours

text: the

text: crush

text: is

text: so

text: great

text: that

text: authorities

text: have

text: reserved

text: a

text: special

text: carriage

text: specifically

text: for

text: women

text: Due

text: to

text: these

text: initiatives

text: and

text: others

text: the

text: air

text: quality

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: has

text: begun

text: to

text: improve

text: with

text: the

text: air

text: becoming

text: cleaner

text: since

text: when

text: the

text: air

text: quality

text: was

text: declared

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: public

text: health

text: risk

text: for

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: year.[citation

text: needed

question: What do new cars in Mexico need to have?

answer: catalytic converter

text: catalytic converter

question: When did the underground rail system begin construction?

answer: 1968

question: How many people ride the Mexico city subway system each day?

answer: 5 million people

text: 5 million people

question: How many days of the year in 1991 was the air pollution a serious health risk?

answer: 355

question: What is one way the government helps with the "Crush" of the rush hour riding of the subway system?

answer: reserved a special carriage specifically for women

text: reserved a special carriage specifically for women


text: Raleigh's industrial base includes banking/financial services; electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research parks, and a major center in the United States for high-tech and biotech research, as well as advanced textile development. The city is a major retail shipping point for eastern North Carolina and a wholesale distributing point for the grocery industry.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: Raleigh

text: 's

text: industrial

text: base

text: includes

text: banking

text: financial

text: services

text: electrical

text: medical

text: electronic

text: and

text: telecommunications

text: equipment

text: clothing

text: and

text: apparel

text: food

text: processing

text: paper

text: products

text: and

text: pharmaceuticals

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: Research

text: Triangle

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: successful

text: research

text: parks

text: and

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: high

text: tech

text: and

text: biotech

text: research

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: advanced

text: textile

text: development

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: retail

text: shipping

text: point

text: for

text: eastern

text: North

text: Carolina

text: and

text: a

text: wholesale

text: distributing

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: grocery

text: industry

question: What is the main industrial area of Raleigh?

answer: banking/financial services;

text: banking/financial services;

question: What is Raleigh part of?

answer: North Carolina's Research Triangle

text: North Carolina's Research Triangle

question: What does the Research Triangle do?

answer: high-tech and biotech research

text: high-tech and biotech research

question: Is the city concerned with shipping?

answer: The city is a major retail shipping point

text: The city is a major retail shipping point

question: What industry is Raleigh a major wholesaler for?

answer: grocery

text: grocery

question: What is not the main industrial area of Raleigh?

text: banking/financial

question: What is Raleigh not part of?

text: Research Triangle

question: What does the Research Square do?

text: high-tech and biotech research

question: What is on the west coast of North Carolina?

text: retail shipping point

question: What is the country's largest medical research in North Carolina?

text: Research Triangle


text: Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner. He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990. Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was renamed Universal Studios Inc., and (in 1990) MCA created MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. for the VHS video cassette (later DVD) sales industry.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Anxious

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: broadcast

text: and

text: cable

text: presence

text: longtime

text: MCA

text: head

text: Lew

text: Wasserman

text: sought

text: a

text: rich

text: partner

text: He

text: located

text: Japanese

text: electronics

text: manufacturer

text: Matsushita

text: Electric

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Panasonic

text: which

text: agreed

text: to

text: acquire

text: MCA

text: for

text: billion

text: in

text: Meanwhile

text: around

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: production

text: subsidiary

text: was

text: renamed

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: Inc.

text: and

text: in

text: MCA

text: created

text: MCA

text: Universal

text: Home

text: Video

text: Inc.

text: for

text: the

text: VHS

text: video

text: cassette

text: later

text: DVD

text: sales

text: industry

question: Who was the head of MCA in 1990?

answer: Lew Wasserman

text: Lew Wasserman

question: What is the current name of the company that was called Matsushita Electric in 1990?

answer: Panasonic

text: Panasonic

question: How much did Matsushita Electric pay for MCA?

answer: $6.6 billion

text: $6.6 billion

question: In what year was MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. created?

answer: 1990

question: What was the nationality of Matsushita Electric?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: What company acquired MAC for $6.6 billion in 1990?

text: Panasonic

question: What was Panasonic renamed in 1990?

text: Universal Studios Inc

question: What was Matsushita Electric renamed in 1990?

text: Panasonic

question: What company created the VHS cassette?

text: MCA


text: By the 20th century, Philadelphia had become known as "corrupt and contented", with a complacent population and an entrenched Republican political machine. The first major reform came in 1917 when outrage over the election-year murder of a police officer led to the shrinking of the Philadelphia City Council from two houses to just one. In July 1919, Philadelphia was one of more than 36 industrial cities nationally to suffer a race riot of ethnic whites against blacks during Red Summer, in post-World War I unrest, as recent immigrants competed with blacks for jobs. In the 1920s, the public flouting of Prohibition laws, mob violence, and police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of Brigadier General Smedley Butler of the U.S. Marine Corps as director of public safety, but political pressure prevented any long-term success in fighting crime and corruption.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: Philadelphia

text: had

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: corrupt

text: and

text: contented

text: with

text: a

text: complacent

text: population

text: and

text: an

text: entrenched

text: Republican

text: political

text: machine

text: The

text: first

text: major

text: reform

text: came

text: in

text: when

text: outrage

text: over

text: the

text: election

text: year

text: murder

text: of

text: a

text: police

text: officer

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: shrinking

text: of

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: City

text: Council

text: from

text: two

text: houses

text: to

text: just

text: one

text: In

text: July

text: Philadelphia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: industrial

text: cities

text: nationally

text: to

text: suffer

text: a

text: race

text: riot

text: of

text: ethnic

text: whites

text: against

text: blacks

text: during

text: Red

text: Summer

text: in

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: unrest

text: as

text: recent

text: immigrants

text: competed

text: with

text: blacks

text: for

text: jobs

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: public

text: flouting

text: of

text: Prohibition

text: laws

text: mob

text: violence

text: and

text: police

text: involvement

text: in

text: illegal

text: activities

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: Brigadier

text: General

text: Smedley

text: Butler

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: as

text: director

text: of

text: public

text: safety

text: but

text: political

text: pressure

text: prevented

text: any

text: long

text: term

text: success

text: in

text: fighting

text: crime

text: and

text: corruption

question: Which political party controlled Philadelphia in the early 20th century?

answer: Republican

text: Republican

question: What phrase could describe Philadelphia of the early 20th century?

answer: corrupt and contented

text: corrupt and contented

question: When did the first major political reform occur?

answer: 1917


text: This is fortunate, since antennas at lower frequencies which are not rather large (a good fraction of a wavelength in size) are inevitably inefficient (due to the small radiation resistance Rr of small antennas). Most AM broadcast radios (except for car radios) take advantage of this principle by including a small loop antenna for reception which has an extremely poor efficiency. Using such an inefficient antenna at this low frequency (530–1650 kHz) thus has little effect on the receiver's net performance, but simply requires greater amplification by the receiver's electronics. Contrast this tiny component to the massive and very tall towers used at AM broadcast stations for transmitting at the very same frequency, where every percentage point of reduced antenna efficiency entails a substantial cost.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: This

text: is

text: fortunate

text: since

text: antennas

text: at

text: lower

text: frequencies

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: rather

text: large

text: a

text: good

text: fraction

text: of

text: a

text: wavelength

text: in

text: size

text: are

text: inevitably

text: inefficient

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: small

text: radiation

text: resistance

text: Rr

text: of

text: small

text: antennas

text: Most

text: AM

text: broadcast

text: radios

text: except

text: for

text: car

text: radios

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: this

text: principle

text: by

text: including

text: a

text: small

text: loop

text: antenna

text: for

text: reception

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: extremely

text: poor

text: efficiency

text: Using

text: such

text: an

text: inefficient

text: antenna

text: at

text: this

text: low

text: frequency

text: kHz

text: thus

text: has

text: little

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: receiver

text: 's

text: net

text: performance

text: but

text: simply

text: requires

text: greater

text: amplification

text: by

text: the

text: receiver

text: 's

text: electronics

text: Contrast

text: this

text: tiny

text: component

text: to

text: the

text: massive

text: and

text: very

text: tall

text: towers

text: used

text: at

text: AM

text: broadcast

text: stations

text: for

text: transmitting

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: same

text: frequency

text: where

text: every

text: percentage

text: point

text: of

text: reduced

text: antenna

text: efficiency

text: entails

text: a

text: substantial

text: cost

question: Small and minimal frequency antennas are know to be what?

answer: inefficient

text: inefficient

question: What is added to to increase ability for reception?

answer: small loop antenna

text: small loop antenna

question: How would this antenna rate in the greater scheme of things?

answer: little effect

text: little effect

question: When talking about much larger network what effect can reduced antenna effectiveness have?

answer: substantial cost

text: substantial cost


text: The Serbo-Croatian dialects differ not only in the question word they are named after, but also heavily in phonology, accentuation and intonation, case endings and tense system (morphology) and basic vocabulary. In the past, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects were spoken on a much larger territory, but have been replaced by Štokavian during the period of migrations caused by Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans in the 15th and the 16th centuries. These migrations caused the koinéisation of the Shtokavian dialects, that used to form the West Shtokavian (more closer and transitional towards the neighbouring Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects) and East Shtokavian (transitional towards the Torlakian and the whole Bulgaro-Macedonian area) dialect bundles, and their subsequent spread at the expense of Chakavian and Kajkavian. As a result, Štokavian now covers an area larger than all the other dialects combined, and continues to make its progress in the enclaves where non-literary dialects are still being spoken.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: The

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: dialects

text: differ

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: question

text: word

text: they

text: are

text: named

text: after

text: but

text: also

text: heavily

text: in

text: phonology

text: accentuation

text: and

text: intonation

text: case

text: endings

text: and

text: tense

text: system

text: morphology

text: and

text: basic

text: vocabulary

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: Chakavian

text: and

text: Kajkavian

text: dialects

text: were

text: spoken

text: on

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: territory

text: but

text: have

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: Štokavian

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: migrations

text: caused

text: by

text: Ottoman

text: Turkish

text: conquest

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: centuries

text: These

text: migrations

text: caused

text: the

text: koinéisation

text: of

text: the

text: Shtokavian

text: dialects

text: that

text: used

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: West

text: Shtokavian

text: more

text: closer

text: and

text: transitional

text: towards

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: Chakavian

text: and

text: Kajkavian

text: dialects

text: and

text: East

text: Shtokavian

text: transitional

text: towards

text: the

text: Torlakian

text: and

text: the

text: whole

text: Bulgaro

text: Macedonian

text: area

text: dialect

text: bundles

text: and

text: their

text: subsequent

text: spread

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: Chakavian

text: and

text: Kajkavian

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Štokavian

text: now

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: larger

text: than

text: all

text: the

text: other

text: dialects

text: combined

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: make

text: its

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: enclaves

text: where

text: non

text: literary

text: dialects

text: are

text: still

text: being

text: spoken

question: Which dialect covers more area than all other dialects combined?

answer: Štokavian

text: Štokavian

question: What is morphology to a language?

answer: tense system

text: tense system

question: What has caused Stokavian to become more widely spoken?

answer: migrations caused by Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans

text: migrations caused by Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans

question: What have Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects replaced?

text: Štokavian

question: What are three ways that Kajkavian dialects differ?

text: phonology, accentuation and intonation

question: In the past where were Ottoman Turkish languages spoken?

text: on a much larger territory

question: What area does Chakavian cover after Ottoman Turkish conquests of the Balkans?

question: What language is progressing in the Balkans where non-literary dialects are spoken?

text: Štokavian


text: The Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique, new in the 2006 version of the standard, allows the manufacturer to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily. The choices are based solely on the manufacturer’s opinion of what EI values produce well-exposed sRGB images at the various sensor sensitivity settings. This is the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space. This is also the only technique available under the standard when multi-zone metering (also called pattern metering) is used.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: Recommended

text: Exposure

text: Index

text: REI

text: technique

text: new

text: in

text: the

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: allows

text: the

text: manufacturer

text: to

text: specify

text: a

text: camera

text: model

text: ’s

text: EI

text: choices

text: arbitrarily

text: The

text: choices

text: are

text: based

text: solely

text: on

text: the

text: manufacturer

text: ’s

text: opinion

text: of

text: what

text: EI

text: values

text: produce

text: well

text: exposed

text: sRGB

text: images

text: at

text: the

text: various

text: sensor

text: sensitivity

text: settings

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: technique

text: available

text: under

text: the

text: standard

text: for

text: output

text: formats

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: sRGB

text: color

text: space

text: This

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: only

text: technique

text: available

text: under

text: the

text: standard

text: when

text: multi

text: zone

text: metering

text: also

text: called

text: pattern

text: metering

text: is

text: used

question: What option does the Recommended Exposure Index give manufacturers?

answer: to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily

text: to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily

question: What is another name for multi-zone metering?

answer: pattern metering

text: pattern metering

question: What distinction does the Recommended Exposure Index have?

answer: the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space

text: the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space

question: When was the Recommended Exposure Index introduced?

answer: 2006

question: What is the only technique that can be used when multi-zone metering is used?

answer: Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique

text: Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique

question: What standardized EI choices?

text: the 2006 version of the standard

question: When was multi-zone metering introduced?

question: REI and what are the only techniques available under standard outputs?

text: multi-zone metering

question: What was retracted in the 2006 standards?

question: Who created the 2006 standard?

text: the manufacturer


text: Bowers and Tanselle argue for rejecting textual variants that an author inserted at the suggestion of others. Bowers said that his edition of Stephen Crane's first novel, Maggie, presented "the author's final and uninfluenced artistic intentions." In his writings, Tanselle refers to "unconstrained authorial intention" or "an author's uninfluenced intentions." This marks a departure from Greg, who had merely suggested that the editor inquire whether a later reading "is one that the author can reasonably be supposed to have substituted for the former", not implying any further inquiry as to why the author had made the change.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Bowers

text: and

text: Tanselle

text: argue

text: for

text: rejecting

text: textual

text: variants

text: that

text: an

text: author

text: inserted

text: at

text: the

text: suggestion

text: of

text: others

text: Bowers

text: said

text: that

text: his

text: edition

text: of

text: Stephen

text: Crane

text: 's

text: first

text: novel

text: Maggie

text: presented

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: final

text: and

text: uninfluenced

text: artistic

text: intentions

text: In

text: his

text: writings

text: Tanselle

text: refers

text: to

text: unconstrained

text: authorial

text: intention

text: or

text: an

text: author

text: 's

text: uninfluenced

text: intentions

text: This

text: marks

text: a

text: departure

text: from

text: Greg

text: who

text: had

text: merely

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: editor

text: inquire

text: whether

text: a

text: later

text: reading

text: is

text: one

text: that

text: the

text: author

text: can

text: reasonably

text: be

text: supposed

text: to

text: have

text: substituted

text: for

text: the

text: former

text: not

text: implying

text: any

text: further

text: inquiry

text: as

text: to

text: why

text: the

text: author

text: had

text: made

text: the

text: change

question: Who argued against works where the author listens to input from others?

answer: Bowers and Tanselle

text: Bowers and Tanselle

question: Who wanted to determine why an author made changes to a work?

answer: Tanselle

text: Tanselle

question: Does Greg believe a later work can be substituted for a earlier one?

answer: a later reading "is one that the author can reasonably be supposed to have substituted for the former

text: a later reading "is one that the author can reasonably be supposed to have substituted for the former

question: What idea did Tanselle champion?

answer: unconstrained authorial intention

text: unconstrained authorial intention

question: Who argued for works where the author listens to input from others?

text: Bowers and Tanselle

question: Who didn't want to determine why an author made changes to a work?

text: Tanselle

question: Who believes an earlier work can be substituted for a later one?

text: Greg

question: Constrained authorial intention was whose idea?

text: Tanselle


text: In 2010, 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity). Many of these were of English or Scotch-Irish descent; however, their families have lived in the state for so long, that they choose to identify as having "American" ancestry or do not know their ancestry. In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry. Some of their ancestry went back to the original thirteen colonies.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: In

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: considered

text: themselves

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: only

text: American

text: ancestry

text: regardless

text: of

text: race

text: or

text: ethnicity

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: of

text: English

text: or

text: Scotch

text: Irish

text: descent

text: however

text: their

text: families

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: for

text: so

text: long

text: that

text: they

text: choose

text: to

text: identify

text: as

text: having

text: American

text: ancestry

text: or

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: their

text: ancestry

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: census

text: the

text: largest

text: ancestry

text: group

text: reported

text: in

text: Florida

text: was

text: English

text: with

text: Floridians

text: claiming

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: of

text: English

text: or

text: mostly

text: English

text: American

text: ancestry

text: Some

text: of

text: their

text: ancestry

text: went

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: thirteen

text: colonies

question: What percentage of the population considers themselves American

answer: 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry

text: 6.9% of the population (1,269,765) considered themselves to be of only American ancestry

question: In the 1980 census the largest ancestry group in Florida was

answer: largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry

text: largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians claiming that they were of English or mostly English American ancestry

question: How far back did some of the Ancestry go

answer: back to the original thirteen colonies.

text: back to the original thirteen colonies.

question: What percent of the population considered themselves not American?

question: French was the largest ancestry in Florida in what year?

question: How many Floridians claimed they're of Spanish descent?

question: Why do people choose not to identify as American ancestry?


text: Christian mosaic art also flourished in Rome, gradually declining as conditions became more difficult in the Early Middle Ages. 5th century mosaics can be found over the triumphal arch and in the nave of the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. The 27 surviving panels of the nave are the most important mosaic cycle in Rome of this period. Two other important 5th century mosaics are lost but we know them from 17th-century drawings. In the apse mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti (462–472, destroyed in 1589) Christ was seated on a globe with the twelve Apostles flanking him, six on either side. At Sant'Andrea in Catabarbara (468–483, destroyed in 1686) Christ appeared in the center, flanked on either side by three Apostles. Four streams flowed from the little mountain supporting Christ. The original 5th-century apse mosaic of the Santa Sabina was replaced by a very similar fresco by Taddeo Zuccari in 1559. The composition probably remained unchanged: Christ flanked by male and female saints, seated on a hill while lambs drinking from a stream at its feet. All three mosaics had a similar iconography.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Christian

text: mosaic

text: art

text: also

text: flourished

text: in

text: Rome

text: gradually

text: declining

text: as

text: conditions

text: became

text: more

text: difficult

text: in

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: century

text: mosaics

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: over

text: the

text: triumphal

text: arch

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: nave

text: of

text: the

text: basilica

text: of

text: Santa

text: Maria

text: Maggiore

text: The

text: surviving

text: panels

text: of

text: the

text: nave

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: mosaic

text: cycle

text: in

text: Rome

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: Two

text: other

text: important

text: century

text: mosaics

text: are

text: lost

text: but

text: we

text: know

text: them

text: from

text: century

text: drawings

text: In

text: the

text: apse

text: mosaic

text: of

text: Sant'Agata

text: dei

text: Goti

text: destroyed

text: in

text: Christ

text: was

text: seated

text: on

text: a

text: globe

text: with

text: the

text: twelve

text: Apostles

text: flanking

text: him

text: six

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: At

text: Sant'Andrea

text: in

text: Catabarbara

text: destroyed

text: in

text: Christ

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: flanked

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: by

text: three

text: Apostles

text: Four

text: streams

text: flowed

text: from

text: the

text: little

text: mountain

text: supporting

text: Christ

text: The

text: original

text: century

text: apse

text: mosaic

text: of

text: the

text: Santa

text: Sabina

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: very

text: similar

text: fresco

text: by

text: Taddeo

text: Zuccari

text: in

text: The

text: composition

text: probably

text: remained

text: unchanged

text: Christ

text: flanked

text: by

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: saints

text: seated

text: on

text: a

text: hill

text: while

text: lambs

text: drinking

text: from

text: a

text: stream

text: at

text: its

text: feet

text: All

text: three

text: mosaics

text: had

text: a

text: similar

text: iconography

question: When did conditions become difficult for mosaic art in Rome?

answer: the Early Middle Ages

text: the Early Middle Ages

question: When was the mosaic of Sant'Agata dei Goti destroyed?

answer: 1589

question: What was similar between the three most important 5th century mosaics?

answer: iconography

text: iconography

question: When was the mosaic at Santa Sabina replaced with a fresco?

answer: 1559

question: Who was the artist that painted the fresco that replaced the mosaic at Santa Sobina?

answer: Taddeo Zuccari

text: Taddeo Zuccari


text: The city generally has a climate with warm days followed by cool nights and mornings. Unpredictable weather is expected, given that temperatures can drop to 1 °C (34 °F) or less during the winter. During a 2013 cold front, the winter temperatures of Kathmandu dropped to −4 °C (25 °F), and the lowest temperature was recorded on January 10, 2013, at −9.2 °C (15.4 °F). Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (about 65% of the total concentrated during the monsoon months of June to August), and decreases substantially (100 to 200 cm (39 to 79 in)) from eastern Nepal to western Nepal. Rainfall has been recorded at about 1,400 millimetres (55.1 in) for the Kathmandu valley, and averages 1,407 millimetres (55.4 in) for the city of Kathmandu. On average humidity is 75%. The chart below is based on data from the Nepal Bureau of Standards & Meteorology, "Weather Meteorology" for 2005. The chart provides minimum and maximum temperatures during each month. The annual amount of precipitation was 1,124 millimetres (44.3 in) for 2005, as per monthly data included in the table above. The decade of 2000-2010 saw highly variable and unprecedented precipitation anomalies in Kathmandu. This was mostly due to the annual variation of the southwest monsoon.[citation needed] For example, 2003 was the wettest year ever in Kathmandu, totalling over 2,900 mm (114 in) of precipitation due to an exceptionally strong monsoon season. In contrast, 2001 recorded only 356 mm (14 in) of precipitation due to an extraordinarily weak monsoon season.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: city

text: generally

text: has

text: a

text: climate

text: with

text: warm

text: days

text: followed

text: by

text: cool

text: nights

text: and

text: mornings

text: Unpredictable

text: weather

text: is

text: expected

text: given

text: that

text: temperatures

text: can

text: drop

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: or

text: less

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: During

text: a

text: cold

text: front

text: the

text: winter

text: temperatures

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: dropped

text: to

text: −4

text: C

text: F

text: and

text: the

text: lowest

text: temperature

text: was

text: recorded

text: on

text: January

text: at

text: C

text: F

text: Rainfall

text: is

text: mostly

text: monsoon

text: based

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: concentrated

text: during

text: the

text: monsoon

text: months

text: of

text: June

text: to

text: August

text: and

text: decreases

text: substantially

text: to

text: cm

text: to

text: in

text: from

text: eastern

text: Nepal

text: to

text: western

text: Nepal

text: Rainfall

text: has

text: been

text: recorded

text: at

text: about

text: millimetres

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: valley

text: and

text: averages

text: millimetres

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: On

text: average

text: humidity

text: is

text: The

text: chart

text: below

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: data

text: from

text: the

text: Nepal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Standards

text: Meteorology

text: Weather

text: Meteorology

text: for

text: The

text: chart

text: provides

text: minimum

text: and

text: maximum

text: temperatures

text: during

text: each

text: month

text: The

text: annual

text: amount

text: of

text: precipitation

text: was

text: millimetres

text: in

text: for

text: as

text: per

text: monthly

text: data

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: table

text: above

text: The

text: decade

text: of

text: saw

text: highly

text: variable

text: and

text: unprecedented

text: precipitation

text: anomalies

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: This

text: was

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: annual

text: variation

text: of

text: the

text: southwest

text: monsoon.[citation

text: needed

text: For

text: example

text: was

text: the

text: wettest

text: year

text: ever

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: totalling

text: over

text: mm

text: in

text: of

text: precipitation

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: exceptionally

text: strong

text: monsoon

text: season

text: In

text: contrast

text: recorded

text: only

text: mm

text: in

text: of

text: precipitation

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: extraordinarily

text: weak

text: monsoon

text: season

question: What sort of temperature is typical on a Kathmandu morning?

answer: cool

text: cool

question: About what percentage of Kathmandu's annual rainfall falls during the monsoon months?

answer: 65

question: On what date in 2013 was it 15.4 degrees Fahrenheit in Kathmandu?

answer: January 10

text: January 10

question: In what months does the monsoon occur in Nepal?

answer: June to August

text: June to August

question: In what year did the most rain in recorded history fall on Kathmandu?

answer: 2003


text: La Cueva De Las Ventanas (The Cave of Windows), a series of cliff dwellings along an important trade route, and Las Jarillas Cave scrambled along the canyons of the Sierra Madre in Northwestern Chihuahua date between AD 1205 and 1260 and belong to the Paquimé culture. Cuarenta Casas is thought to have been a branch settlement from Paquime to protect the trade route from attack. Archaeologists believe the civilization began to decline during the 13th century and by the 15th century the inhabitants of Paquime sought refuge in the Sierra Madre Occidental while others are thought to have emigrated north and joined the Ancestral Pueblo peoples. According to anthropologist current natives tribes (Yaqui, Mayo, Opata, and Tarahumara) are descendants of the Casas Grandes culture.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: La

text: Cueva

text: De

text: Las

text: Ventanas

text: The

text: Cave

text: of

text: Windows

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: cliff

text: dwellings

text: along

text: an

text: important

text: trade

text: route

text: and

text: Las

text: Jarillas

text: Cave

text: scrambled

text: along

text: the

text: canyons

text: of

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Madre

text: in

text: Northwestern

text: Chihuahua

text: date

text: between

text: AD

text: and

text: and

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: Paquimé

text: culture

text: Cuarenta

text: Casas

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: branch

text: settlement

text: from

text: Paquime

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: trade

text: route

text: from

text: attack

text: Archaeologists

text: believe

text: the

text: civilization

text: began

text: to

text: decline

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Paquime

text: sought

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Madre

text: Occidental

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: emigrated

text: north

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Ancestral

text: Pueblo

text: peoples

text: According

text: to

text: anthropologist

text: current

text: natives

text: tribes

text: Yaqui

text: Mayo

text: Opata

text: and

text: Tarahumara

text: are

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: Casas

text: Grandes

text: culture

question: Along which mountain range does the Cave of Windows lie?

answer: Sierra Madre

text: Sierra Madre

question: Cuarenta Casas is thought to be a branch of which settlement?

answer: Paquime

text: Paquime

question: Where did the Paquime seek refuge?

answer: Sierra Madre Occidental

text: Sierra Madre Occidental

question: Which current native tribes are thought to be descendants of the Casas Grandes?

answer: Yaqui, Mayo, Opata, and Tarahumara

text: Yaqui, Mayo, Opata, and Tarahumara


text: During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839–43, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53. Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition. Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842:

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: During

text: the

text: summers

text: at

text: Nohant

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: Chopin

text: found

text: quiet

text: productive

text: days

text: during

text: which

text: he

text: composed

text: many

text: works

text: including

text: his

text: Polonaise

text: in

text: A

text: flat

text: major

text: Op

text: Among

text: the

text: visitors

text: to

text: Nohant

text: were

text: Delacroix

text: and

text: the

text: mezzo

text: soprano

text: Pauline

text: Viardot

text: whom

text: Chopin

text: had

text: advised

text: on

text: piano

text: technique

text: and

text: composition

text: Delacroix

text: gives

text: an

text: account

text: of

text: staying

text: at

text: Nohant

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: of

text: June

question: What is the example given of a work produced by Frédéric during calm summers at Nohant?

answer: Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53

text: Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53

question: Which of the two people that visited Chopin were tutored by him on piano?

answer: Pauline Viardot

text: Pauline Viardot

question: On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant?

answer: 7 June 1842

text: 7 June 1842

question: What did Chopin help Pauline Viardot with?

answer: piano technique and composition

text: piano technique and composition

question: Who were two visitors to Chopin while in Nohant?

answer: Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot

text: Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot

question: What two things did Chopin advise Viardot on?

answer: piano technique and composition.

text: piano technique and composition.

question: Who wrote a letter on June 7, 1842 about a stay in Nohant?

answer: Delacroix

text: Delacroix


text: The Heptanesean kantádhes (καντάδες 'serenades'; sing.: καντάδα) became the forerunners of the Greek modern song, influencing its development to a considerable degree. For the first part of the next century, several Greek composers continued to borrow elements from the Heptanesean style. The most successful songs during the period 1870–1930 were the so-called Athenian serenades, and the songs performed on stage (επιθεωρησιακά τραγούδια 'theatrical revue songs') in revue, operettas and nocturnes that were dominating Athens' theater scene.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Heptanesean

text: kantádhes

text: καντάδες

text: serenades

text: sing

text: καντάδα

text: became

text: the

text: forerunners

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: modern

text: song

text: influencing

text: its

text: development

text: to

text: a

text: considerable

text: degree

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: several

text: Greek

text: composers

text: continued

text: to

text: borrow

text: elements

text: from

text: the

text: Heptanesean

text: style

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: songs

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: were

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Athenian

text: serenades

text: and

text: the

text: songs

text: performed

text: on

text: stage

text: επιθεωρησιακά

text: τραγούδια

text: theatrical

text: revue

text: songs

text: in

text: revue

text: operettas

text: and

text: nocturnes

text: that

text: were

text: dominating

text: Athens

text: theater

text: scene

question: What was the forerunner of Greek modern song?

answer: Heptanesean kantádhes

text: Heptanesean kantádhes

question: Athenian serenades were most successful during what time period?

answer: 1870–1930

question: What influenced Greek modern song considerably?

answer: Heptanesean kantádhes

text: Heptanesean kantádhes


text: Monopole antennas consist of a single radiating element such as a metal rod, often mounted over a conducting surface, a ground plane. One side of the feedline from the receiver or transmitter is connected to the rod, and the other side to the ground plane, which may be the Earth. The most common form is the quarter-wave monopole which is one-quarter of a wavelength long and has a gain of 5.12 dBi when mounted over a ground plane. Monopoles have an omnidirectional radiation pattern, so they are used for broad coverage of an area, and have vertical polarization. The ground waves used for broadcasting at low frequencies must be vertically polarized, so large vertical monopole antennas are used for broadcasting in the MF, LF, and VLF bands. Small monopoles are used as nondirectional antennas on portable radios in the HF, VHF, and UHF bands.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Monopole

text: antennas

text: consist

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: radiating

text: element

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: metal

text: rod

text: often

text: mounted

text: over

text: a

text: conducting

text: surface

text: a

text: ground

text: plane

text: One

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: feedline

text: from

text: the

text: receiver

text: or

text: transmitter

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: rod

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: plane

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: Earth

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: is

text: the

text: quarter

text: wave

text: monopole

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: quarter

text: of

text: a

text: wavelength

text: long

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: gain

text: of

text: dBi

text: when

text: mounted

text: over

text: a

text: ground

text: plane

text: Monopoles

text: have

text: an

text: omnidirectional

text: radiation

text: pattern

text: so

text: they

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: broad

text: coverage

text: of

text: an

text: area

text: and

text: have

text: vertical

text: polarization

text: The

text: ground

text: waves

text: used

text: for

text: broadcasting

text: at

text: low

text: frequencies

text: must

text: be

text: vertically

text: polarized

text: so

text: large

text: vertical

text: monopole

text: antennas

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: broadcasting

text: in

text: the

text: MF

text: LF

text: and

text: VLF

text: bands

text: Small

text: monopoles

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: nondirectional

text: antennas

text: on

text: portable

text: radios

text: in

text: the

text: HF

text: VHF

text: and

text: UHF

text: bands

question: Monopole antennas consist of what element?

answer: metal rod

text: metal rod

question: What the most common form?

answer: quarter-wave monopole

text: quarter-wave monopole

question: What are small monopoles used as?

answer: nondirectional antennas

text: nondirectional antennas

question: What has vertical polarization?

answer: Monopoles

text: Monopoles


text: Marshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm that was supposed to aid them. What made a bad situation much worse was the conduct of General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, commander of the 1st Division. He told General Abel Douay, commander of the 2nd Division, on 1 August that "The information I have received makes me suppose that the enemy has no considerable forces very near his advance posts, and has no desire to take the offensive". Two days later, he told MacMahon that he had not found "a single enemy post ... it looks to me as if the menace of the Bavarians is simply bluff". Even though Ducrot shrugged off the possibility of an attack by the Germans, MacMahon tried to warn the other divisions of his army, without success.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: Marshal

text: MacMahon

text: now

text: closest

text: to

text: Wissembourg

text: spread

text: his

text: four

text: divisions

text: over

text: miles

text: km

text: to

text: react

text: to

text: any

text: Prussian

text: invasion

text: This

text: organization

text: of

text: forces

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: supplies

text: forcing

text: each

text: division

text: to

text: seek

text: out

text: basic

text: provisions

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: supply

text: arm

text: that

text: was

text: supposed

text: to

text: aid

text: them

text: What

text: made

text: a

text: bad

text: situation

text: much

text: worse

text: was

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: General

text: Auguste

text: Alexandre

text: Ducrot

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: Division

text: He

text: told

text: General

text: Abel

text: Douay

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: Division

text: on

text: August

text: that

text: The

text: information

text: I

text: have

text: received

text: makes

text: me

text: suppose

text: that

text: the

text: enemy

text: has

text: no

text: considerable

text: forces

text: very

text: near

text: his

text: advance

text: posts

text: and

text: has

text: no

text: desire

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: offensive

text: Two

text: days

text: later

text: he

text: told

text: MacMahon

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: not

text: found

text: a

text: single

text: enemy

text: post

text: it

text: looks

text: to

text: me

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: menace

text: of

text: the

text: Bavarians

text: is

text: simply

text: bluff

text: Even

text: though

text: Ducrot

text: shrugged

text: off

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: an

text: attack

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: MacMahon

text: tried

text: to

text: warn

text: the

text: other

text: divisions

text: of

text: his

text: army

text: without

text: success

question: Which marshal was closest to Wissembourg?

answer: Marshal MacMahon

text: Marshal MacMahon

question: How many divisions did MacMahon command?

answer: four divisions

text: four divisions

question: Over how many miles did MacMahon's divisions cover?

answer: 20 miles

text: 20 miles

question: Whose conduct made a bad situation worse?

answer: General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot

text: General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot

question: What group did General Ducrot command?

answer: the 1st Division

text: the 1st Division


text: When one Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in January 2016, Donald Trump, leading in the polls, vigorously defended his city. The National Review, a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955, commented, "By hearkening back to New York's heart after 9/11, for a moment Trump transcended politics. How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America."

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: When

text: one

text: Republican

text: presidential

text: candidate

text: for

text: the

text: election

text: ridiculed

text: the

text: liberalism

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: values

text: in

text: January

text: Donald

text: Trump

text: leading

text: in

text: the

text: polls

text: vigorously

text: defended

text: his

text: city

text: The

text: National

text: Review

text: a

text: conservative

text: magazine

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: since

text: its

text: founding

text: by

text: William

text: F.

text: Buckley

text: Jr.

text: in

text: commented

text: By

text: hearkening

text: back

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: heart

text: after

text: for

text: a

text: moment

text: Trump

text: transcended

text: politics

text: How

text: easily

text: we

text: forget

text: but

text: for

text: weeks

text: after

text: the

text: terror

text: attacks

text: New

text: York

text: was

text: America

question: What individual established the National Review?

answer: William F. Buckley, Jr.

text: William F. Buckley, Jr.

question: In what year was the National Review founded?

answer: 1955

question: What public figure defended New York in January 2016?

answer: Donald Trump

text: Donald Trump

question: A presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism?

answer: Republican

text: Republican


text: The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, Italian, Austrian and German Alps. At present the region is home to 14 million people and has 120 million annual visitors.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Alpine

text: region

text: has

text: a

text: strong

text: cultural

text: identity

text: The

text: traditional

text: culture

text: of

text: farming

text: cheesemaking

text: and

text: woodworking

text: still

text: exists

text: in

text: Alpine

text: villages

text: although

text: the

text: tourist

text: industry

text: began

text: to

text: grow

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: expanded

text: greatly

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: industry

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Winter

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: have

text: been

text: hosted

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: French

text: Italian

text: Austrian

text: and

text: German

text: Alps

text: At

text: present

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: has

text: million

text: annual

text: visitors

question: The alps is home to how many people?

answer: 14 million people

text: 14 million people

question: How many visitors go to the Alps annually?

answer: 120 million

text: 120 million

question: What is the dominant industry in the Alpine region?

answer: tourist industry

text: tourist industry


text: Kurita passed through San Bernardino Strait at 03:00 on 25 October and headed along the coast of Samar. The only thing standing in his path were three groups (Taffy 1, 2 and 3) of the Seventh Fleet, commanded by Admiral Thomas Kinkaid. Each group had six escort carriers, with a total of more than 500 planes, and seven or eight destroyers or destroyer escorts (DE). Kinkaid still believed that Lee's force was guarding the north, so the Japanese had the element of surprise when they attacked Taffy 3 at 06:45. Kurita mistook the Taffy carriers for large fleet carriers and thought he had the whole Third Fleet in his sights. Since escort carriers stood little chance against a battleship, Adm. Clifton Sprague directed the carriers of Taffy 3 to turn and flee eastward, hoping that bad visibility would reduce the accuracy of Japanese gunfire, and used his destroyers to divert the Japanese battleships. The destroyers made harassing torpedo attacks against the Japanese. For ten minutes Yamato was caught up in evasive action. Two U.S. destroyers and a DE were sunk, but they had bought enough time for the Taffy groups to launch planes. Taffy 3 turned and fled south, with shells scoring hits on some of its carriers and sinking one of them. The superior speed of the Japanese force allowed it to draw closer and fire on the other two Taffy groups. However, at 09:20 Kurita suddenly turned and retreated north. Signals had disabused him of the notion that he was attacking the Third Fleet, and the longer Kurita continued to engage, the greater the risk of major air strikes. Destroyer attacks had broken the Japanese formations, shattering tactical control. Three of Kurita's heavy cruisers had been sunk and another was too damaged to continue the fight. The Japanese retreated through the San Bernardino Strait, under continuous air attack. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was over; and a large part of the Japanese surface fleet destroyed.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Kurita

text: passed

text: through

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: Strait

text: at

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: headed

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Samar

text: The

text: only

text: thing

text: standing

text: in

text: his

text: path

text: were

text: three

text: groups

text: Taffy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Seventh

text: Fleet

text: commanded

text: by

text: Admiral

text: Thomas

text: Kinkaid

text: Each

text: group

text: had

text: six

text: escort

text: carriers

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: planes

text: and

text: seven

text: or

text: eight

text: destroyers

text: or

text: destroyer

text: escorts

text: DE

text: Kinkaid

text: still

text: believed

text: that

text: Lee

text: 's

text: force

text: was

text: guarding

text: the

text: north

text: so

text: the

text: Japanese

text: had

text: the

text: element

text: of

text: surprise

text: when

text: they

text: attacked

text: Taffy

text: at

text: Kurita

text: mistook

text: the

text: Taffy

text: carriers

text: for

text: large

text: fleet

text: carriers

text: and

text: thought

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: whole

text: Third

text: Fleet

text: in

text: his

text: sights

text: Since

text: escort

text: carriers

text: stood

text: little

text: chance

text: against

text: a

text: battleship

text: Adm.

text: Clifton

text: Sprague

text: directed

text: the

text: carriers

text: of

text: Taffy

text: to

text: turn

text: and

text: flee

text: eastward

text: hoping

text: that

text: bad

text: visibility

text: would

text: reduce

text: the

text: accuracy

text: of

text: Japanese

text: gunfire

text: and

text: used

text: his

text: destroyers

text: to

text: divert

text: the

text: Japanese

text: battleships

text: The

text: destroyers

text: made

text: harassing

text: torpedo

text: attacks

text: against

text: the

text: Japanese

text: For

text: ten

text: minutes

text: Yamato

text: was

text: caught

text: up

text: in

text: evasive

text: action

text: Two

text: U.S.

text: destroyers

text: and

text: a

text: DE

text: were

text: sunk

text: but

text: they

text: had

text: bought

text: enough

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: Taffy

text: groups

text: to

text: launch

text: planes

text: Taffy

text: turned

text: and

text: fled

text: south

text: with

text: shells

text: scoring

text: hits

text: on

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: carriers

text: and

text: sinking

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: The

text: superior

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: force

text: allowed

text: it

text: to

text: draw

text: closer

text: and

text: fire

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: Taffy

text: groups

text: However

text: at

text: Kurita

text: suddenly

text: turned

text: and

text: retreated

text: north

text: Signals

text: had

text: disabused

text: him

text: of

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: attacking

text: the

text: Third

text: Fleet

text: and

text: the

text: longer

text: Kurita

text: continued

text: to

text: engage

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: major

text: air

text: strikes

text: Destroyer

text: attacks

text: had

text: broken

text: the

text: Japanese

text: formations

text: shattering

text: tactical

text: control

text: Three

text: of

text: Kurita

text: 's

text: heavy

text: cruisers

text: had

text: been

text: sunk

text: and

text: another

text: was

text: too

text: damaged

text: to

text: continue

text: the

text: fight

text: The

text: Japanese

text: retreated

text: through

text: the

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: Strait

text: under

text: continuous

text: air

text: attack

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Leyte

text: Gulf

text: was

text: over

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: surface

text: fleet

text: destroyed

question: When did Kurita pass through the San Bernardino Strait?

answer: 03:00 on 25 October

text: 03:00 on 25 October

question: Where did Kurit head after passing through the San Bernardino Strait?

answer: along the coast of Samar

text: along the coast of Samar

question: Admiral Kincaid commanded what three groups of the Seventh Fleet?

answer: Taffy 1, 2 and 3

text: Taffy 1, 2 and 3

question: What broke the Japanes formations under Kurita?

answer: Destroyer attacks

text: Destroyer attacks

question: How many of Kurita's heavy cruisers were sunk?

answer: Three

text: Three


text: A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engendered a deep interest in the classical past culminating in the ideas of the Neoplatonist philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity. However, it was the combination of Orthodox Christianity with a specifically Greek identity that shaped the Greeks' notion of themselves in the empire's twilight years. The interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity, which was reinforced in the late Medieval and Ottoman Greeks' links with their fellow Orthodox Christians in the Russian Empire. These were further strengthened following the fall of the Empire of Trebizond in 1461, after which and until the second Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29 hundreds of thousands of Pontic Greeks fled or migrated from the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands to southern Russia and the Russian South Caucasus (see also Greeks in Russia, Greeks in Armenia, Greeks in Georgia, and Caucasian Greeks).

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: A

text: distinct

text: Greek

text: political

text: identity

text: re

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: educated

text: circles

text: and

text: became

text: more

text: forceful

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: to

text: the

text: Crusaders

text: of

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: in

text: so

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: revived

text: in

text: it

text: became

text: in

text: many

text: ways

text: a

text: Greek

text: national

text: state

text: That

text: new

text: notion

text: of

text: nationhood

text: engendered

text: a

text: deep

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: classical

text: past

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: ideas

text: of

text: the

text: Neoplatonist

text: philosopher

text: Gemistus

text: Pletho

text: who

text: abandoned

text: Christianity

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Christianity

text: with

text: a

text: specifically

text: Greek

text: identity

text: that

text: shaped

text: the

text: Greeks

text: notion

text: of

text: themselves

text: in

text: the

text: empire

text: 's

text: twilight

text: years

text: The

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: heritage

text: was

text: complemented

text: by

text: a

text: renewed

text: emphasis

text: on

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: identity

text: which

text: was

text: reinforced

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Medieval

text: and

text: Ottoman

text: Greeks

text: links

text: with

text: their

text: fellow

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: These

text: were

text: further

text: strengthened

text: following

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Trebizond

text: in

text: after

text: which

text: and

text: until

text: the

text: second

text: Russo

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Pontic

text: Greeks

text: fled

text: or

text: migrated

text: from

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Alps

text: and

text: Armenian

text: Highlands

text: to

text: southern

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: see

text: also

text: Greeks

text: in

text: Russia

text: Greeks

text: in

text: Armenia

text: Greeks

text: in

text: Georgia

text: and

text: Caucasian

text: Greeks

question: What caused the resurface of the Grecian monotony in politics ?

answer: the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204

text: the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204

question: When did the nation reestablish itself ?

answer: empire was revived in 1261

text: empire was revived in 1261

question: What was the specialty of great Pietho and what is famous for ?

answer: philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity.

text: philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity.

question: What was bolstered by the the final downward spiral of the Empire of Trebizond ?

answer: interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity

text: interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity

question: Which factoring war was on gong in 1828 and shares the of a previous scuttle ? ?

answer: second Russo-Turkish War

text: second Russo-Turkish War

question: What caused the unsurface of the Grecian monotony in politics?

question: When did the nation not reestablish itself?

question: What was the specialty of great Pietho and what is it not famous for?

question: What was bolstered by the the first downward spiral of the Empire of Trebizond?

question: Which factoring war wasn't ongoing in 1828 and shares the of a previous scuttle?

text: second Russo-Turkish War


text: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the historical and authentic tradition of Mariology in Byzantium took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators. The most famous Eastern Orthodox theologian to imply Mary's Immaculate Conception was St. Gregory Palamas. Though many passages from his works were long known to extol and attribute to Mary a Christlike holiness in her human nature, traditional objections to Palamas' disposition toward the Immaculate Conception typically rely on a poor understanding of his doctrine of "the purification of Mary" at the Annunciation. Not only did he explicitly cite St. Gregory Nazianzen for his understanding of Jesus' purification at His baptism and Mary's at the Annunciation, but Theophanes of Nicaea, Joseph Bryennius, and Gennadios Scholarios all explicitly placed Mary's Conception as the first moment of her all-immaculate participation in the divine energies to such a degree that she was always completely without spot and graced. In addition to Emperor Manuel II and Gennadius Scholarius, St. Mark of Ephesus also fervently defended Mary's title as "prepurified" against the Dominican, Manuel Calecas, who was perhaps promoting thomistic Mariology that denied Mary's all-holiness from the first moment of her existence.

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: Contemporary

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: often

text: object

text: to

text: the

text: dogmatic

text: declaration

text: of

text: her

text: immaculate

text: conception

text: as

text: an

text: over

text: elaboration

text: of

text: the

text: faith

text: and

text: because

text: they

text: see

text: it

text: as

text: too

text: closely

text: connected

text: with

text: a

text: particular

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: ancestral

text: sin

text: All

text: the

text: same

text: the

text: historical

text: and

text: authentic

text: tradition

text: of

text: Mariology

text: in

text: Byzantium

text: took

text: its

text: historical

text: point

text: of

text: departure

text: from

text: Sophronios

text: Damascene

text: and

text: their

text: imitators

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: theologian

text: to

text: imply

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: was

text: St.

text: Gregory

text: Palamas

text: Though

text: many

text: passages

text: from

text: his

text: works

text: were

text: long

text: known

text: to

text: extol

text: and

text: attribute

text: to

text: Mary

text: a

text: Christlike

text: holiness

text: in

text: her

text: human

text: nature

text: traditional

text: objections

text: to

text: Palamas

text: disposition

text: toward

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: typically

text: rely

text: on

text: a

text: poor

text: understanding

text: of

text: his

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: purification

text: of

text: Mary

text: at

text: the

text: Annunciation

text: Not

text: only

text: did

text: he

text: explicitly

text: cite

text: St.

text: Gregory

text: Nazianzen

text: for

text: his

text: understanding

text: of

text: Jesus

text: purification

text: at

text: His

text: baptism

text: and

text: Mary

text: 's

text: at

text: the

text: Annunciation

text: but

text: Theophanes

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: Joseph

text: Bryennius

text: and

text: Gennadios

text: Scholarios

text: all

text: explicitly

text: placed

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Conception

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: moment

text: of

text: her

text: all

text: immaculate

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: divine

text: energies

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: degree

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: always

text: completely

text: without

text: spot

text: and

text: graced

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Emperor

text: Manuel

text: II

text: and

text: Gennadius

text: Scholarius

text: St.

text: Mark

text: of

text: Ephesus

text: also

text: fervently

text: defended

text: Mary

text: 's

text: title

text: as

text: prepurified

text: against

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Manuel

text: Calecas

text: who

text: was

text: perhaps

text: promoting

text: thomistic

text: Mariology

text: that

text: denied

text: Mary

text: 's

text: all

text: holiness

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: moment

text: of

text: her

text: existence

question: What sect often stands in disagreement over the virginal inception of Mary ?

answer: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception

text: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception

question: What does this group believe of the story of a Virgin mother for Mary and those who follow its teaching ?

answer: dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration"

text: dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration"

question: What in particular does the group feels is impossible to believe ?

answer: because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin.

text: because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin.

question: What is the theological study of Mary called ?

answer: Mariology

text: Mariology

question: What did this theological study do to set itself apart from the other groups ?

answer: took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators.

text: took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators.


text: In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart, which would have brought in an additional $125 million in annual revenue. Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the long run. Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the reseller channel in 1994. Rollins would soon join Dell full-time and eventually become the company President and CEO.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: In

text: to

text: complement

text: its

text: own

text: direct

text: sales

text: channel

text: Dell

text: planned

text: to

text: sell

text: PCs

text: at

text: big

text: box

text: retail

text: outlets

text: such

text: as

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: brought

text: in

text: an

text: additional

text: million

text: in

text: annual

text: revenue

text: Bain

text: consultant

text: Kevin

text: Rollins

text: persuaded

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: to

text: pull

text: out

text: of

text: these

text: deals

text: believing

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: money

text: losers

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: Margins

text: at

text: retail

text: were

text: thin

text: at

text: best

text: and

text: Dell

text: left

text: the

text: reseller

text: channel

text: in

text: Rollins

text: would

text: soon

text: join

text: Dell

text: full

text: time

text: and

text: eventually

text: become

text: the

text: company

text: President

text: and

text: CEO

question: What year did Dell plan to sell PCs at retailers?

answer: 1993

question: What was one retailer that were going to sell Dell PCs?

answer: Wal-Mart

text: Wal-Mart

question: Who convinced Michael Dell to not use retailers to sell PCs?

answer: Kevin Rollins

text: Kevin Rollins

question: What position at Dell did Kevin Rollins eventually attain?

answer: CEO

text: CEO

question: What year didn't Dell plan to sell PCs at retailers?

question: What year did IBM plan to sell PCs at retailers?

question: What was one retailer that weren't going to sell Dell PCs?

text: Wal-Mart

question: Who convinced Michael Dell to use retailers to sell PCs?

text: Kevin Rollins

question: What position at Dell did Kevin Rollins eventually lose?

text: President and CEO


text: Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title. As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona. In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Arsenal

text: finished

text: in

text: either

text: first

text: or

text: second

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: league

text: in

text: eight

text: of

text: Wenger

text: 's

text: first

text: eleven

text: seasons

text: at

text: the

text: club

text: although

text: on

text: no

text: occasion

text: were

text: they

text: able

text: to

text: retain

text: the

text: title

text: As

text: of

text: July

text: they

text: were

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: five

text: teams

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: Manchester

text: United

text: Blackburn

text: Rovers

text: Chelsea

text: and

text: Manchester

text: City

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: since

text: its

text: formation

text: in

text: Arsenal

text: had

text: never

text: progressed

text: beyond

text: the

text: quarter

text: finals

text: of

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: until

text: in

text: that

text: season

text: they

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: club

text: from

text: London

text: in

text: the

text: competition

text: 's

text: fifty

text: year

text: history

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: final

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: beaten

text: by

text: Barcelona

text: In

text: July

text: they

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Stadium

text: after

text: years

text: at

text: Highbury

question: Including Arsenal, how many  teams  had won the Premier League up to 2013?

answer: five

text: five

question: In what year was the Premier League created?

answer: 1992

question: What team defeated Arsenal in the finals of the Champions League in 2005-2006 season?

answer: Barcelona

text: Barcelona

question: To what stadium did Arsenal FC move in 2006?

answer: Emirates Stadium

text: Emirates Stadium

question: For how many years did Arsenal play at Highbury?

answer: 93

question: Who did Arsenal compete against in the 2005-06 Championship League?

text: Chelsea

question: Who won the 2012-2013 Championship League?

text: Blackburn Rovers

question: In what stadium does Manchester City play?

text: Emirates Stadium

question: Manchester United plays in what stadium?

text: Highbury

question: What was the first United Kingdom team to reach the Champion League final?

text: Manchester United


text: In 1989, during the "Singing Revolution", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: In

text: during

text: the

text: Singing

text: Revolution

text: in

text: a

text: landmark

text: demonstration

text: for

text: more

text: independence

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: million

text: people

text: formed

text: a

text: human

text: chain

text: stretching

text: through

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Estonia

text: called

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Way

text: All

text: three

text: nations

text: had

text: similar

text: experiences

text: of

text: occupation

text: and

text: similar

text: aspirations

text: for

text: regaining

text: independence

text: The

text: Estonian

text: Sovereignty

text: Declaration

text: was

text: issued

text: on

text: November

text: On

text: August

text: Estonia

text: declared

text: formal

text: independence

text: during

text: the

text: Soviet

text: military

text: coup

text: attempt

text: in

text: Moscow

text: reconstituting

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: recognised

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: Estonia

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: first

text: country

text: to

text: diplomatically

text: recognise

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: reclaimed

text: independence

text: was

text: Iceland

text: The

text: last

text: units

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: left

text: on

text: August

question: What year did the Singing Revolution occur?

answer: 1989

question: What was the demonstration of the Singing Revolution trying to fight for?

answer: independence

text: independence

question: How many people created a chain of solidarity that went Estonia and other countries?

answer: more than two million people

text: more than two million people

question: What was the name of the human chain?

answer: the Baltic Way

text: the Baltic Way


text: In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: In

text: a

text: new

text: improved

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: with

text: an

text: updated

text: interface

text: and

text: fresher

text: index

text: of

text: archived

text: content

text: was

text: made

text: available

text: for

text: public

text: testing

question: When was an upgrade of the Wayback Machine released for testing?

answer: 2011

question: When was an upgrade of the game released for testing?

question: What did the Wayback Machine keep the same?

text: interface

question: What was closed for testing?

text: Wayback Machine

question: What used the same index of archived content?

text: Wayback Machine

question: When was the Wayback Machine retired?