text: Phonology also includes topics such as phonotactics (the phonological constraints on what sounds can appear in what positions in a given language) and phonological alternation (how the pronunciation of a sound changes through the application of phonological rules, sometimes in a given order which can be feeding or bleeding,) as well as prosody, the study of suprasegmentals and topics such as stress and intonation.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: Phonology

text: also

text: includes

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: phonotactics

text: the

text: phonological

text: constraints

text: on

text: what

text: sounds

text: can

text: appear

text: in

text: what

text: positions

text: in

text: a

text: given

text: language

text: and

text: phonological

text: alternation

text: how

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: a

text: sound

text: changes

text: through

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: phonological

text: rules

text: sometimes

text: in

text: a

text: given

text: order

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: feeding

text: or

text: bleeding

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: prosody

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: suprasegmentals

text: and

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: stress

text: and

text: intonation

question: Under what topic is suprasegmentals studied?

answer: prosody

text: prosody

question: Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how pronunciation of a sound changes?

answer: feeding

text: feeding

question: Phonotactics, phonological alternation and prosody are topics contained in what discipline?

answer: Phonology

text: Phonology

question: Stress and intonation are studied under what topic?

answer: prosody

text: prosody

question: Under what topic is phonological alternation studied?

text: prosody

question: Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how suprasegmentals change?

text: feeding

question: Phonotactics, phonological alternation and stress are topics contained in what discipline?

text: Phonology

question: Stress and rules are studied under what topic?

text: prosody

question: What includes topics such as sound rules?

text: Phonology


text: Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is seppuku (切腹, seppuku?) or hara kiri, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. Whilst there are many romanticized characterizations of samurai behavior such as the writing of Bushido (武士道, Bushidō?) in 1905, studies of Kobudo and traditional Budō indicate that the samurai were as practical on the battlefield as were any other warrior.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: Most

text: samurai

text: were

text: bound

text: by

text: a

text: code

text: of

text: honor

text: and

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: set

text: an

text: example

text: for

text: those

text: below

text: them

text: A

text: notable

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: code

text: is

text: seppuku

text: 切腹

text: seppuku

text: or

text: hara

text: kiri

text: which

text: allowed

text: a

text: disgraced

text: samurai

text: to

text: regain

text: his

text: honor

text: by

text: passing

text: into

text: death

text: where

text: samurai

text: were

text: still

text: beholden

text: to

text: social

text: rules

text: Whilst

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: romanticized

text: characterizations

text: of

text: samurai

text: behavior

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: Bushido

text: 武士道

text: Bushidō

text: in

text: studies

text: of

text: Kobudo

text: and

text: traditional

text: Budō

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: samurai

text: were

text: as

text: practical

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: as

text: were

text: any

text: other

text: warrior

question: What was a synonym for seppuku?

answer: hara kiri

text: hara kiri

question: What was the reason for seppuku?

answer: allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death

text: allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death

question: How idealistic were samurai?

answer: as practical on the battlefield as were any other warrior

text: as practical on the battlefield as were any other warrior

question: How were samurai unrealistically portrayed?

answer: romanticized

text: romanticized


text: Like his predecessor Pius XII, Paul VI put much emphasis on the dialogue with all nations of the world through establishing diplomatic relations. The number of foreign embassies accredited to the Vatican doubled during his pontificate. This was a reflection of a new understanding between Church and State, which had been formulated first by Pius XI and Pius XII but decreed by Vatican II. The pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes stated that the Catholic Church is not bound to any form of government and willing to cooperate with all forms. The Church maintained its right to select bishops on its own without any interference by the State.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Like

text: his

text: predecessor

text: Pius

text: XII

text: Paul

text: VI

text: put

text: much

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: dialogue

text: with

text: all

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: through

text: establishing

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: foreign

text: embassies

text: accredited

text: to

text: the

text: Vatican

text: doubled

text: during

text: his

text: pontificate

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: reflection

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: understanding

text: between

text: Church

text: and

text: State

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: formulated

text: first

text: by

text: Pius

text: XI

text: and

text: Pius

text: XII

text: but

text: decreed

text: by

text: Vatican

text: II

text: The

text: pastoral

text: constitution

text: Gaudium

text: et

text: spes

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: not

text: bound

text: to

text: any

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: willing

text: to

text: cooperate

text: with

text: all

text: forms

text: The

text: Church

text: maintained

text: its

text: right

text: to

text: select

text: bishops

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: without

text: any

text: interference

text: by

text: the

text: State

question: What number doubled during Paul Vi's papacy?

answer: foreign embassies

text: foreign embassies

question: Who did Paul Vi want to maintain a continuing dialogue with?

answer: nations

text: nations

question: What document states that the Catholic church is not subject to any particlar government?

answer: Gaudium et spes

text: Gaudium et spes

question: Who did the church retain the right to elect without interference from the state in its constitutional document?

answer: bishops

text: bishops

question: What organization officially outlined the church's relationship to state?

answer: Vatican II

text: Vatican II


text: The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: The

text: Three

text: Gorges

text: Dam

text: the

text: largest

text: dam

text: ever

text: constructed

text: is

text: being

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: in

text: nearby

text: Hubei

text: province

text: to

text: control

text: flooding

text: in

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Basin

text: neighboring

text: Yunnan

text: province

text: and

text: downstream

text: The

text: plan

text: is

text: hailed

text: by

text: some

text: as

text: China

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: shift

text: towards

text: alternative

text: energy

text: sources

text: and

text: to

text: further

text: develop

text: its

text: industrial

text: and

text: commercial

text: bases

text: but

text: others

text: have

text: criticised

text: it

text: for

text: its

text: potentially

text: harmful

text: effects

text: such

text: as

text: massive

text: resettlement

text: of

text: residents

text: in

text: the

text: reservoir

text: areas

text: loss

text: of

text: archeological

text: sites

text: and

text: ecological

text: damages

question: What is the largest dam ever built in the world?

answer: Three Gorges Dam

text: Three Gorges Dam

question: On which river is the Three Gorges Dam built?

answer: Yangtze River

text: Yangtze River

question: What is the purpose of the Three Gorges Dam?

answer: to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream

text: to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream

question: What are some reasons for the opposition of the Three Gorges Dam?

answer: massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.

text: massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.

question: What is the second largest damn in China?

text: The Three Gorges Dam

question: What is being built to control flooding in the Hubei province?

text: The Three Gorges Dam

question: China improving its industrial base is a negative effect of what?

text: The Three Gorges Dam

question: What is the largest ever built in commercial bases?

text: The Three Gorges Dam

question: On which river are alternative energy sources built?

text: Yangtze River

question: What is the purpose of the resettlement of residents?

question: What are some reasons for the opposition of the alternative energy sources?

question: What on the Yangtze River is being damaged?

text: The Three Gorges Dam


text: Following the 2013 emergencies, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tony de Brum was encouraged by the Obama administration in the United States to turn the crises into an opportunity to promote action against climate change. De Brum demanded new commitment and international leadership to stave off further climate disasters from battering his country and other similarly vulnerable countries. In September 2013, the Marshall Islands hosted the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit. De Brum proposed a Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership to galvanize concrete action on climate change.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Following

text: the

text: emergencies

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: Tony

text: de

text: Brum

text: was

text: encouraged

text: by

text: the

text: Obama

text: administration

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: turn

text: the

text: crises

text: into

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: promote

text: action

text: against

text: climate

text: change

text: De

text: Brum

text: demanded

text: new

text: commitment

text: and

text: international

text: leadership

text: to

text: stave

text: off

text: further

text: climate

text: disasters

text: from

text: battering

text: his

text: country

text: and

text: other

text: similarly

text: vulnerable

text: countries

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: hosted

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: Forum

text: summit

text: De

text: Brum

text: proposed

text: a

text: Majuro

text: Declaration

text: for

text: Climate

text: Leadership

text: to

text: galvanize

text: concrete

text: action

text: on

text: climate

text: change

question: As of 2013, who was the Marshall Islands Minister of Foreign Affairs?

answer: Tony de Brum

text: Tony de Brum

question: In what month and year did the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit take place?

answer: September 2013

text: September 2013

question: What document did Foreign Minister de Brum present at the 44th Pacific Islands Forum summit?

answer: Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership

text: Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership

question: What environmental issue did the Majuro Declaration for Climate Leadership address?

answer: climate change

text: climate change

question: Who encouraged de Brum to address climate issues?

answer: the Obama administration

text: the Obama administration


text: In the spring of 1834, Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller, and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn. After the festival, the three visited Düsseldorf, where Mendelssohn had been appointed musical director. They spent what Mendelssohn described as "a very agreeable day", playing and discussing music at his piano, and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, director of the Academy of Art, and some of his eminent pupils such as Lessing, Bendemann, Hildebrandt and Sohn. In 1835 Chopin went to Carlsbad, where he spent time with his parents; it was the last time he would see them. On his way back to Paris, he met old friends from Warsaw, the Wodzińskis. He had made the acquaintance of their daughter Maria in Poland five years earlier, when she was eleven. This meeting prompted him to stay for two weeks in Dresden, when he had previously intended to return to Paris via Leipzig. The sixteen-year-old girl's portrait of the composer is considered, along with Delacroix's, as among Chopin's best likenesses. In October he finally reached Leipzig, where he met Schumann, Clara Wieck and Felix Mendelssohn, who organised for him a performance of his own oratorio St. Paul, and who considered him "a perfect musician". In July 1836 Chopin travelled to Marienbad and Dresden to be with the Wodziński family, and in September he proposed to Maria, whose mother Countess Wodzińska approved in principle. Chopin went on to Leipzig, where he presented Schumann with his G minor Ballade. At the end of 1836 he sent Maria an album in which his sister Ludwika had inscribed seven of his songs, and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 1. The anodyne thanks he received from Maria proved to be the last letter he was to have from her.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: In

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: Chopin

text: attended

text: the

text: Lower

text: Rhenish

text: Music

text: Festival

text: in

text: Aix

text: la

text: Chapelle

text: with

text: Hiller

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: there

text: that

text: Chopin

text: met

text: Felix

text: Mendelssohn

text: After

text: the

text: festival

text: the

text: three

text: visited

text: Düsseldorf

text: where

text: Mendelssohn

text: had

text: been

text: appointed

text: musical

text: director

text: They

text: spent

text: what

text: Mendelssohn

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: very

text: agreeable

text: day

text: playing

text: and

text: discussing

text: music

text: at

text: his

text: piano

text: and

text: met

text: Friedrich

text: Wilhelm

text: Schadow

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: eminent

text: pupils

text: such

text: as

text: Lessing

text: Bendemann

text: Hildebrandt

text: and

text: Sohn

text: In

text: Chopin

text: went

text: to

text: Carlsbad

text: where

text: he

text: spent

text: time

text: with

text: his

text: parents

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: time

text: he

text: would

text: see

text: them

text: On

text: his

text: way

text: back

text: to

text: Paris

text: he

text: met

text: old

text: friends

text: from

text: Warsaw

text: the

text: Wodzińskis

text: He

text: had

text: made

text: the

text: acquaintance

text: of

text: their

text: daughter

text: Maria

text: in

text: Poland

text: five

text: years

text: earlier

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: eleven

text: This

text: meeting

text: prompted

text: him

text: to

text: stay

text: for

text: two

text: weeks

text: in

text: Dresden

text: when

text: he

text: had

text: previously

text: intended

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Paris

text: via

text: Leipzig

text: The

text: sixteen

text: year

text: old

text: girl

text: 's

text: portrait

text: of

text: the

text: composer

text: is

text: considered

text: along

text: with

text: Delacroix

text: 's

text: as

text: among

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: best

text: likenesses

text: In

text: October

text: he

text: finally

text: reached

text: Leipzig

text: where

text: he

text: met

text: Schumann

text: Clara

text: Wieck

text: and

text: Felix

text: Mendelssohn

text: who

text: organised

text: for

text: him

text: a

text: performance

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: oratorio

text: St.

text: Paul

text: and

text: who

text: considered

text: him

text: a

text: perfect

text: musician

text: In

text: July

text: Chopin

text: travelled

text: to

text: Marienbad

text: and

text: Dresden

text: to

text: be

text: with

text: the

text: Wodziński

text: family

text: and

text: in

text: September

text: he

text: proposed

text: to

text: Maria

text: whose

text: mother

text: Countess

text: Wodzińska

text: approved

text: in

text: principle

text: Chopin

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: Leipzig

text: where

text: he

text: presented

text: Schumann

text: with

text: his

text: G

text: minor

text: Ballade

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: he

text: sent

text: Maria

text: an

text: album

text: in

text: which

text: his

text: sister

text: Ludwika

text: had

text: inscribed

text: seven

text: of

text: his

text: songs

text: and

text: his

text: Nocturne

text: in

text: C

text: sharp

text: minor

text: Op

text: No

text: The

text: anodyne

text: thanks

text: he

text: received

text: from

text: Maria

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: letter

text: he

text: was

text: to

text: have

text: from

text: her

question: Who did Frédéric meet in the spring of 1834 at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival?

answer: Felix Mendelssohn

text: Felix Mendelssohn

question: What two activities did Frédéric do while visiting for a day in Düsseldorf with Mendelssohn and Hiller?

answer: playing and discussing music

text: playing and discussing music

question: Who was the director of the Academy of Art that Frédéric met while in Düsseldorf?

answer: Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow

text: Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow

question: Where were Frédéric's parents located at when he saw them for the final time in 1835?

answer: Carlsbad

text: Carlsbad

question: Where did Chopin meet Felix Mendelssohn?

answer: the Lower Rhenish Music Festival

text: the Lower Rhenish Music Festival

question: Who did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival with?

answer: Hiller

text: Hiller

question: In 1835 where did Chopin and his parents visit?

answer: Carlsbad

text: Carlsbad

question: When did Chopin propose marriage to Maria Wodziński?

answer: July 1836

text: July 1836

question: Who was Maria's mother?

answer: Countess Wodzińska

text: Countess Wodzińska

question: Who did Chopin meet at a music festival early in 1834?

answer: Felix Mendelssohn

text: Felix Mendelssohn

question: Where did Chopin and Hiller go with the person Chopin met in the spring of 1834?

answer: Düsseldorf

text: Düsseldorf

question: What was Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow position?

answer: director of the Academy of Art

text: director of the Academy of Art

question: What was the first name of the girl Chopin proposed to?

answer: Maria

text: Maria


text: A wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be practiced on lakes, notably Lake Sevan. Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level. Armenia is also an active member of the international sports community, with full membership in the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It also hosts the Pan-Armenian Games.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: A

text: wide

text: array

text: of

text: sports

text: are

text: played

text: in

text: Armenia

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: among

text: them

text: being

text: wrestling

text: weightlifting

text: judo

text: association

text: football

text: chess

text: and

text: boxing

text: Armenia

text: 's

text: mountainous

text: terrain

text: provides

text: great

text: opportunities

text: for

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: sports

text: like

text: skiing

text: and

text: climbing

text: Being

text: a

text: landlocked

text: country

text: water

text: sports

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: practiced

text: on

text: lakes

text: notably

text: Lake

text: Sevan

text: Competitively

text: Armenia

text: has

text: been

text: successful

text: in

text: chess

text: weightlifting

text: and

text: wrestling

text: at

text: the

text: international

text: level

text: Armenia

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: active

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: sports

text: community

text: with

text: full

text: membership

text: in

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: European

text: Football

text: Associations

text: UEFA

text: and

text: International

text: Ice

text: Hockey

text: Federation

text: IIHF

text: It

text: also

text: hosts

text: the

text: Pan

text: Armenian

text: Games

question: Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia?

answer: Lake Sevan

text: Lake Sevan

question: What international sports has Armenia done well at?

answer: chess, weightlifting and wrestling

text: chess, weightlifting and wrestling

question: What does IIHF stand for?

answer: Ice Hockey Federation

text: Ice Hockey Federation

question: Which Games does Armenia hold?

answer: Pan-Armenian Games

text: Pan-Armenian Games


text: Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, which live in alder tree root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: Endosymbiosis

text: is

text: any

text: symbiotic

text: relationship

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: symbiont

text: lives

text: within

text: the

text: tissues

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: either

text: within

text: the

text: cells

text: or

text: extracellularly

text: Examples

text: include

text: diverse

text: microbiomes

text: rhizobia

text: nitrogen

text: fixing

text: bacteria

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: root

text: nodules

text: on

text: legume

text: roots

text: actinomycete

text: nitrogen

text: fixing

text: bacteria

text: called

text: Frankia

text: which

text: live

text: in

text: alder

text: tree

text: root

text: nodules

text: single

text: celled

text: algae

text: inside

text: reef

text: building

text: corals

text: and

text: bacterial

text: endosymbionts

text: that

text: provide

text: essential

text: nutrients

text: to

text: about

text: of

text: insects

question: What do bacterial endosymbionts give necessary nutrition to?

answer: insects

text: insects

question: What is the name of a bacteria inside of tree roots?

answer: Frankia

text: Frankia

question: What endosymbionts live in coral?

answer: algae

text: algae

question: What percent of alder tree root nodules provide essential nutrients to insects?

question: What organism includes diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and single-celled algae?

text: reef-building corals

question: What percent of Frankia bacteria provide essential nutrients to insects?

question: What are the bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects called?

text: Frankia

question: What percent of rhizobia and nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in alder tree root nodules?


text: Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong. The clothes may simply be tied up, as is the case of the first two garments; or pins or belts hold the garments in place, as in the case of the latter two. The precious cloth remains uncut, and people of various sizes or the same person at different sizes can wear the garment.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Different

text: cultures

text: have

text: evolved

text: various

text: ways

text: of

text: creating

text: clothes

text: out

text: of

text: cloth

text: One

text: approach

text: simply

text: involves

text: draping

text: the

text: cloth

text: Many

text: people

text: wore

text: and

text: still

text: wear

text: garments

text: consisting

text: of

text: rectangles

text: of

text: cloth

text: wrapped

text: to

text: fit

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: dhoti

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: the

text: sari

text: for

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: the

text: Scottish

text: kilt

text: or

text: the

text: Javanese

text: sarong

text: The

text: clothes

text: may

text: simply

text: be

text: tied

text: up

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: garments

text: or

text: pins

text: or

text: belts

text: hold

text: the

text: garments

text: in

text: place

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: The

text: precious

text: cloth

text: remains

text: uncut

text: and

text: people

text: of

text: various

text: sizes

text: or

text: the

text: same

text: person

text: at

text: different

text: sizes

text: can

text: wear

text: the

text: garment

question: Various cultures have come up with ways of making clothes from what?

answer: cloth

text: cloth

question: Many people still wear clothes that are what shape?

answer: rectangles

text: rectangles

question: What nationality wears kilts?

answer: Scottish

text: Scottish

question: Pins or belts hold what in place?

answer: garments

text: garments

question: What precious material may remain uncut?

answer: cloth

text: cloth

question: Different cultures have evolved various ways of making whatever for?

text: clothes

question: Few people still wear garments made of what?

text: rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit

question: Pins are used to hold up what Indian governments

question: With Scottish garment is tied?

text: Scottish kilt

question: What are the disadvantage of making clothes from a single rectangular cloth?


text: Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation. Language can also be used to signal sexual orientation to others. The meaning of words referencing categories of sexual orientation are negotiated in the mass media in relation to social organization. New words may be brought into use to describe new terms or better describe complex interpretations of sexual orientation. Other words may pick up new layers or meaning. For example, the heterosexual Spanish terms marido and mujer for "husband" and "wife", respectively, have recently been replaced in Spain by the gender-neutral terms cónyuges or consortes meaning "spouses".

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Translation

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: obstacle

text: when

text: comparing

text: different

text: cultures

text: Many

text: English

text: terms

text: lack

text: equivalents

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: while

text: concepts

text: and

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: fail

text: to

text: be

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: Translation

text: and

text: vocabulary

text: obstacles

text: are

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: Language

text: can

text: force

text: individuals

text: to

text: identify

text: with

text: a

text: label

text: that

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: accurately

text: reflect

text: their

text: true

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Language

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: signal

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: to

text: others

text: The

text: meaning

text: of

text: words

text: referencing

text: categories

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: are

text: negotiated

text: in

text: the

text: mass

text: media

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: social

text: organization

text: New

text: words

text: may

text: be

text: brought

text: into

text: use

text: to

text: describe

text: new

text: terms

text: or

text: better

text: describe

text: complex

text: interpretations

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Other

text: words

text: may

text: pick

text: up

text: new

text: layers

text: or

text: meaning

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: heterosexual

text: Spanish

text: terms

text: marido

text: and

text: mujer

text: for

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

text: respectively

text: have

text: recently

text: been

text: replaced

text: in

text: Spain

text: by

text: the

text: gender

text: neutral

text: terms

text: cónyuges

text: or

text: consortes

text: meaning

text: spouses

question: What tends to be a major obstacle when comparing cultures?

answer: Translation

text: Translation

question: What can force individuals to identify with a label that may not reflect true orientation?

answer: Language

text: Language

question: Where are the meanings of words negotiated?

answer: mass media

text: mass media

question: What can be brought into play to describe interpretations of sexual orientation?

answer: New words

text: New words

question: What is a major hurdle when studying different cultures?

answer: Translation

text: Translation

question: Why does translation cause such issues among different cultures?

answer: English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language.

text: English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language.

question: What problems can arise due to translation issues?

answer: can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation

text: can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation

question: What can be used to signal sexual idenitys to others?

answer: Language

text: Language


text: Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. After the expulsion of its Bishop in 1526, and the unsuccessful attempts of the Bern reformer William Farel, Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the "fallen city" of Geneva. His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life. After the establishment of the Geneva academy in 1559, Geneva became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement, providing refuge for Protestant exiles from all over Europe and educating them as Calvinist missionaries. The faith continued to spread after Calvin's death in 1563.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Following

text: the

text: excommunication

text: of

text: Luther

text: and

text: condemnation

text: of

text: the

text: Reformation

text: by

text: the

text: Pope

text: the

text: work

text: and

text: writings

text: of

text: John

text: Calvin

text: were

text: influential

text: in

text: establishing

text: a

text: loose

text: consensus

text: among

text: various

text: groups

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: Scotland

text: Hungary

text: Germany

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: After

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: its

text: Bishop

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: unsuccessful

text: attempts

text: of

text: the

text: Bern

text: reformer

text: William

text: Farel

text: Calvin

text: was

text: asked

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: organisational

text: skill

text: he

text: had

text: gathered

text: as

text: a

text: student

text: of

text: law

text: to

text: discipline

text: the

text: fallen

text: city

text: of

text: Geneva

text: His

text: Ordinances

text: of

text: involved

text: a

text: collaboration

text: of

text: Church

text: affairs

text: with

text: the

text: City

text: council

text: and

text: consistory

text: to

text: bring

text: morality

text: to

text: all

text: areas

text: of

text: life

text: After

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Geneva

text: academy

text: in

text: Geneva

text: became

text: the

text: unofficial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Protestant

text: movement

text: providing

text: refuge

text: for

text: Protestant

text: exiles

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: Europe

text: and

text: educating

text: them

text: as

text: Calvinist

text: missionaries

text: The

text: faith

text: continued

text: to

text: spread

text: after

text: Calvin

text: 's

text: death

text: in

question: Who condemned the Reformation?

answer: the Pope

text: the Pope

question: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?

answer: John Calvin

text: John Calvin

question: What city became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement?

answer: Geneva

text: Geneva

question: What type of missionaries were taught in Geneva?

answer: Calvinist

text: Calvinist

question: When did John Calvin die?

answer: 1563


text: The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government.

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: The

text: Islamic

text: conquest

text: also

text: brought

text: with

text: it

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: Arabic

text: script

text: for

text: writing

text: Persian

text: and

text: much

text: later

text: Kurdish

text: Pashto

text: and

text: Balochi

text: All

text: three

text: were

text: adapted

text: to

text: the

text: writing

text: by

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: few

text: letters

text: This

text: development

text: probably

text: occurred

text: some

text: time

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: the

text: old

text: middle

text: Persian

text: script

text: began

text: dwindling

text: in

text: usage

text: The

text: Arabic

text: script

text: remains

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: contemporary

text: modern

text: Persian

text: Tajik

text: script

text: was

text: first

text: Latinised

text: in

text: the

text: under

text: the

text: then

text: Soviet

text: nationality

text: policy

text: The

text: script

text: was

text: however

text: subsequently

text: Cyrillicized

text: in

text: the

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: government

question: What was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of Islam?

answer: Arabic script

text: Arabic script

question: When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off?

answer: second half of the 8th century

text: second half of the 8th century

question: What script was converted to Latin in the 1920s?

answer: Tajik script

text: Tajik script

question: When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic?

answer: the 1930s

text: the 1930s

question: Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?

answer: the Soviet government

text: the Soviet government

question: The spread of what religion introduce the Persian script?

text: Islam

question: When did the use of middle Persian script begin?

text: 8th century

question: When was Arabic script converted to Latin?

question: What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic?

text: Soviet nationality policy


text: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review is a scholarly legal publication published annually by an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates. The journal's mission is to publish interdisciplinary legal research, drawing from fields such as history, literature, economics, philosophy, and art. Founded in 2008, the journal features articles by professors, law students, practitioners, and undergraduates. The journal is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: Interdisciplinary

text: Law

text: Review

text: is

text: a

text: scholarly

text: legal

text: publication

text: published

text: annually

text: by

text: an

text: editorial

text: board

text: of

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: undergraduates

text: The

text: journal

text: 's

text: mission

text: is

text: to

text: publish

text: interdisciplinary

text: legal

text: research

text: drawing

text: from

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: history

text: literature

text: economics

text: philosophy

text: and

text: art

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: journal

text: features

text: articles

text: by

text: professors

text: law

text: students

text: practitioners

text: and

text: undergraduates

text: The

text: journal

text: is

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: Buffett

text: Center

text: for

text: International

text: and

text: Comparative

text: Studies

text: and

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: Provost

question: What journal was founded in 2008 that features articles by professors and law students?

answer: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review

text: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review

question: Who funds The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

answer: Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost

text: Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost

question: How often is The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published?

answer: annually

text: annually

question: Who publishes The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

answer: an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates

text: an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates

question: What journal was founded in 2018 that features articles by professors and law students?

question: Who funds The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

question: How often is The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published?

text: annually

question: Who publishes The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?


text: In the early 20th century came another turn toward nationalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (1907–1912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed, but in 1916 Irmandades da Fala (Brotherhood of the Language) developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. Vicente Risco and Ramón Otero Pedrayo were outstanding cultural figures of this movement, and the magazine Nós ('Us'), founded 1920, its most notable cultural institution, Lois Peña Novo the outstanding political figure.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: came

text: another

text: turn

text: toward

text: nationalist

text: politics

text: with

text: Solidaridad

text: Gallega

text: modeled

text: on

text: Solidaritat

text: Catalana

text: in

text: Catalonia

text: Solidaridad

text: Gallega

text: failed

text: but

text: in

text: Irmandades

text: da

text: Fala

text: Brotherhood

text: of

text: the

text: Language

text: developed

text: first

text: as

text: a

text: cultural

text: association

text: but

text: soon

text: as

text: a

text: full

text: blown

text: nationalist

text: movement

text: Vicente

text: Risco

text: and

text: Ramón

text: Otero

text: Pedrayo

text: were

text: outstanding

text: cultural

text: figures

text: of

text: this

text: movement

text: and

text: the

text: magazine

text: Nós

text: Us

text: founded

text: its

text: most

text: notable

text: cultural

text: institution

text: Lois

text: Peña

text: Novo

text: the

text: outstanding

text: political

text: figure

question: Which nationalist movement arose in the early 20th century?

answer: Solidaridad Gallega

text: Solidaridad Gallega

question: Which other movement was it modeled after?

answer: Solidaritat Catalana

text: Solidaritat Catalana

question: Which political group arose in 1916?

answer: Irmandades da Fala

text: Irmandades da Fala

question: Which magazine advocated for Galician nationalism?

answer: Nós

text: Nós


text: The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was 'Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834. Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain. Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)". Indeed, mastic pavements had been previously employed at Vauxhall by a competitor of Claridge, but without success.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: The

text: first

text: British

text: patent

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: was

text: Cassell

text: 's

text: patent

text: asphalte

text: or

text: bitumen

text: in

text: Then

text: on

text: November

text: Richard

text: Tappin

text: Claridge

text: patented

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Seyssel

text: asphalt

text: patent

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: asphalte

text: pavement

text: having

text: seen

text: it

text: employed

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Belgium

text: when

text: visiting

text: with

text: Frederick

text: Walter

text: Simms

text: who

text: worked

text: with

text: him

text: on

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: asphalt

text: to

text: Britain

text: Dr

text: T.

text: Lamb

text: Phipson

text: writes

text: that

text: his

text: father

text: Samuel

text: Ryland

text: Phipson

text: a

text: friend

text: of

text: Claridge

text: was

text: also

text: instrumental

text: in

text: introducing

text: the

text: asphalte

text: pavement

text: in

text: Indeed

text: mastic

text: pavements

text: had

text: been

text: previously

text: employed

text: at

text: Vauxhall

text: by

text: a

text: competitor

text: of

text: Claridge

text: but

text: without

text: success

question: When was the first British patent for the use of bitumen?

answer: 1834

question: When did Richard Tappin Claridge patent asphalt for use in pavement?

answer: 25 November 1837

text: 25 November 1837

question: Where had Claridge previously seen asphalt used as pavement?

answer: France and Belgium

text: France and Belgium

question: What type of pavement techniques had already been tried by a competitor of Claridge?

answer: mastic

text: mastic

question: What friend of Claridge's was helpful in introducing asphalt for use in pavements?

answer: Samuel Ryland Phipson

text: Samuel Ryland Phipson

question: In what year was Cassell's patent France or Belgium issued?

question: The second patent, Cassell's patent, was issued in which year?

question: On what day did Claridge's patent #5309 patent the use of Seyssel asphalt?

text: 25 November 1837

question: In 1845 Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of what?

text: Seyssel asphalt

question: When was the second British patent for using bitumen issued?


text: Criminal law involves the prosecution by the state of wrongful acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace (and cannot be deterred or remedied by mere lawsuits between private parties). Generally, crimes can result in incarceration, but torts (see below) cannot. The majority of the crimes committed in the United States are prosecuted and punished at the state level. Federal criminal law focuses on areas specifically relevant to the federal government like evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Criminal

text: law

text: involves

text: the

text: prosecution

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: wrongful

text: acts

text: which

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: so

text: serious

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: a

text: breach

text: of

text: the

text: sovereign

text: 's

text: peace

text: and

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: deterred

text: or

text: remedied

text: by

text: mere

text: lawsuits

text: between

text: private

text: parties

text: Generally

text: crimes

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: incarceration

text: but

text: torts

text: see

text: below

text: can

text: not

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: crimes

text: committed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: prosecuted

text: and

text: punished

text: at

text: the

text: state

text: level

text: Federal

text: criminal

text: law

text: focuses

text: on

text: areas

text: specifically

text: relevant

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: like

text: evading

text: payment

text: of

text: federal

text: income

text: tax

text: mail

text: theft

text: or

text: physical

text: attacks

text: on

text: federal

text: officials

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: interstate

text: crimes

text: like

text: drug

text: trafficking

text: and

text: wire

text: fraud

question: What is criminal law?

answer: prosecution by the state of wrongful acts

text: prosecution by the state of wrongful acts

question: What type of wrongful act will the state prosecute?

answer: acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace

text: acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace

question: What can result in incarceration?

answer: crimes

text: crimes

question: Where are the majority of the U.S.'s crimes prosecuted?

answer: state level

text: state level

question: Who focuses on things such as evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud?

answer: Federal criminal law

text: Federal criminal law

question: What is it called when the state is prosecuted?

text: Criminal law

question: Criminal law can be fixed by private parties bringing what?

text: lawsuits

question: What do torts lead to?

text: incarceration

question: Where are the minority of US crimes prosecuted?

text: state level

question: What is an example of a tort?


text: The notion that all Polish nobles were social equals, regardless of their financial status or offices held, is enshrined in a traditional Polish saying:

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: The

text: notion

text: that

text: all

text: Polish

text: nobles

text: were

text: social

text: equals

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: financial

text: status

text: or

text: offices

text: held

text: is

text: enshrined

text: in

text: a

text: traditional

text: Polish

text: saying

question: What was the notion for all polish nobles?

answer: social equals

text: social equals

question: What ethnic saying is this traditional from?

answer: Polish saying

text: Polish saying

question: Did it matter how much money a person had to polish nobles?

answer: regardless of their financial status

text: regardless of their financial status


text: The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the unique status of being simultaneously a students' and a national library. The Strasbourg municipal library had been marked erroneously as "City Hall" in a French commercial map, which had been captured and used by the German artillery to lay their guns. A librarian from Munich later pointed out "...that the destruction of the precious collection was not the fault of a German artillery officer, who used the French map, but of the slovenly and inaccurate scholarship of a Frenchman."

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: The

text: Bibliothèque

text: nationale

text: et

text: universitaire

text: BNU

text: is

text: with

text: its

text: collection

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: titles

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: library

text: in

text: France

text: after

text: the

text: Bibliothèque

text: nationale

text: de

text: France

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: administration

text: after

text: the

text: complete

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: municipal

text: library

text: in

text: and

text: holds

text: the

text: unique

text: status

text: of

text: being

text: simultaneously

text: a

text: students

text: and

text: a

text: national

text: library

text: The

text: Strasbourg

text: municipal

text: library

text: had

text: been

text: marked

text: erroneously

text: as

text: City

text: Hall

text: in

text: a

text: French

text: commercial

text: map

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: captured

text: and

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: artillery

text: to

text: lay

text: their

text: guns

text: A

text: librarian

text: from

text: Munich

text: later

text: pointed

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: precious

text: collection

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: fault

text: of

text: a

text: German

text: artillery

text: officer

text: who

text: used

text: the

text: French

text: map

text: but

text: of

text: the

text: slovenly

text: and

text: inaccurate

text: scholarship

text: of

text: a

text: Frenchman

question: What is the second largest library in France?

answer: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire

text: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire

question: How many titles does the library have?

answer: 3,000,000

question: Who founded the library?

answer: German administration

text: German administration

question: When was the previous library destroyed?

answer: 1871

question: What was the library marked as on the map?

answer: City Hall

text: City Hall

question: How many books does the Bibliotheque nationale de France hold?

question: In what year was the previous municipal library completely destroyed?

question: In what year did a French map maker accidentally mark the library as "City Hall"?

question: In what year did the German artillery bomb the library?

question: Who founded the Bibliotheque nationale de France?

text: German administration


text: Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821. President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance. Andrew Jackson served as military governor of the newly acquired territory, but only for a brief period. On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: Florida

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: burden

text: to

text: Spain

text: which

text: could

text: not

text: afford

text: to

text: send

text: settlers

text: or

text: garrisons

text: Madrid

text: therefore

text: decided

text: to

text: cede

text: the

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: through

text: the

text: Adams

text: Onís

text: Treaty

text: which

text: took

text: effect

text: in

text: President

text: James

text: Monroe

text: was

text: authorized

text: on

text: March

text: to

text: take

text: possession

text: of

text: East

text: Florida

text: and

text: West

text: Florida

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: provide

text: for

text: initial

text: governance

text: Andrew

text: Jackson

text: served

text: as

text: military

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: acquired

text: territory

text: but

text: only

text: for

text: a

text: brief

text: period

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: merged

text: East

text: Florida

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: West

text: Florida

text: into

text: the

text: Florida

text: Territory

question: Why did Madrid cede the territory to the US

answer: Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons

text: Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons

question: What was the name of the treaty which ceded florida to the US

answer: Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821

text: Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821

question: Which president was given control of Florida

answer: James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance

text: James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance

question: When did East and West Florida Merge

answer: On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory

text: On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory

question: What happened on March 2 1821?

question: Which president failed to take possession of Florida?

text: James Monroe

question: What president took possession of North and South Florida?

text: James Monroe

question: When did the United States separate East and West Florida?

text: March 30, 1822

question: When did north and south florida join?

text: March 30, 1822


text: The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: The

text: following

text: week

text: John

text: Edwards

text: won

text: the

text: South

text: Carolina

text: primary

text: and

text: finished

text: a

text: strong

text: second

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: to

text: Clark

text: Lieberman

text: dropped

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: campaign

text: the

text: following

text: day

text: Kerry

text: dominated

text: throughout

text: February

text: and

text: his

text: support

text: quickly

text: snowballed

text: as

text: he

text: won

text: caucuses

text: and

text: primaries

text: taking

text: in

text: a

text: string

text: of

text: wins

text: in

text: Michigan

text: Washington

text: Maine

text: Tennessee

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Nevada

text: Wisconsin

text: Utah

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: Idaho

text: Clark

text: and

text: Dean

text: dropped

text: out

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: leaving

text: Edwards

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: real

text: threat

text: to

text: Kerry

text: Kucinich

text: and

text: Sharpton

text: continued

text: to

text: run

text: despite

text: poor

text: results

text: at

text: the

text: polls

question: Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?

answer: John Edwards

text: John Edwards

question: Which candidate won the Oklahoma primary?

answer: Clark

text: Clark

question: Which candidate dropped out of the race, following losing the Oklahoma primary?

answer: Lieberman

text: Lieberman

question: Which candidate received heighted support after winning caucuses and primaries in many states?

answer: Kerry

text: Kerry

question: After Clark and Dean dropped out, which candidate was considered to be the only real contender against Kerry?

answer: Edwards

text: Edwards

question: What primary was won by Sharpton?

text: South Carolina

question: What did Sharpton do the next day after losing in Nevada?

text: dropped out of the campaign

question: How long did Sharpton finish strong in the race?

text: throughout February

question: What caused Sharpton to have increasing support by voters?

text: as he won caucuses and primaries

question: What other candidate was the only threat to Sharpton's campaign?

text: Edwards


text: The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders (though only the commerce raider Komet used the route before the German invasion), which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: The

text: Soviets

text: also

text: helped

text: Germany

text: to

text: avoid

text: British

text: naval

text: blockades

text: by

text: providing

text: a

text: submarine

text: base

text: Basis

text: Nord

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: near

text: Murmansk

text: This

text: also

text: provided

text: a

text: refueling

text: and

text: maintenance

text: location

text: and

text: a

text: takeoff

text: point

text: for

text: raids

text: and

text: attacks

text: on

text: shipping

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: Soviets

text: provided

text: Germany

text: with

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Northern

text: Sea

text: Route

text: for

text: both

text: cargo

text: ships

text: and

text: raiders

text: though

text: only

text: the

text: commerce

text: raider

text: Komet

text: used

text: the

text: route

text: before

text: the

text: German

text: invasion

text: which

text: forced

text: Britain

text: to

text: protect

text: sea

text: lanes

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

question: What did the Germans use to avoid British blockades?

answer: a submarine base

text: a submarine base

question: Where was the sub base located?

answer: northern Soviet Union near Murmansk

text: northern Soviet Union near Murmansk

question: Which oceans did the sub base provide access to?

answer: both the Atlantic and the Pacific

text: both the Atlantic and the Pacific

question: What didn't the Germans use to avoid British blockades?

text: a submarine base

question: Where wasn't the sub base located?

text: northern Soviet Union near Murmansk

question: Where was the plane base located?

text: Soviet Union near Murmansk

question: Which oceans didn't the sub base provide access to?

text: both the Atlantic and the Pacific

question: Which oceans did the sub base restrict access to?

text: both the Atlantic and the Pacific


text: One elector in Minnesota cast a ballot for president with the name of "John Ewards"  [sic] written on it. The Electoral College officials certified this ballot as a vote for John Edwards for president. The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry. All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president (John Edwards's name was spelled correctly on all ballots for vice president). This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast a vote for the same person to be both president and vice president; another faithless elector in the 1800 election had voted twice for Aaron Burr, but under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president (and the second vote for Burr was discounted and re-assigned to Thomas Jefferson in any event, as it violated Electoral College rules).

text: One

text: elector

text: in

text: Minnesota

text: cast

text: a

text: ballot

text: for

text: president

text: with

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: John

text: Ewards

text: sic

text: written

text: on

text: it

text: The

text: Electoral

text: College

text: officials

text: certified

text: this

text: ballot

text: as

text: a

text: vote

text: for

text: John

text: Edwards

text: for

text: president

text: The

text: remaining

text: nine

text: electors

text: cast

text: ballots

text: for

text: John

text: Kerry

text: All

text: ten

text: electors

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: cast

text: ballots

text: for

text: John

text: Edwards

text: for

text: vice

text: president

text: John

text: Edwards

text: 's

text: name

text: was

text: spelled

text: correctly

text: on

text: all

text: ballots

text: for

text: vice

text: president

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: that

text: an

text: elector

text: had

text: cast

text: a

text: vote

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: both

text: president

text: and

text: vice

text: president

text: another

text: faithless

text: elector

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: had

text: voted

text: twice

text: for

text: Aaron

text: Burr

text: but

text: under

text: that

text: electoral

text: system

text: only

text: votes

text: for

text: the

text: president

text: 's

text: position

text: were

text: cast

text: with

text: the

text: runner

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: Electoral

text: College

text: becoming

text: vice

text: president

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: vote

text: for

text: Burr

text: was

text: discounted

text: and

text: re

text: assigned

text: to

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: in

text: any

text: event

text: as

text: it

text: violated

text: Electoral

text: College

text: rules

question: Who received a certified ballot from the Electoral College, despite his name being spelled incorrectly on the ballot?

answer: John Edwards

text: John Edwards

question: Had there ever been a time where an elector voted for the same candidate to be both president and vice president?

answer: This was the first time in U.S. history

text: This was the first time in U.S. history

question: Which candidate won the unanimous vote for vice presidency?

answer: All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president

text: All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president

question: What is different in comparison between the 1800 electoral system and the system in place in 2004?

answer: under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president

text: under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president

question: In the 1800 election, why did Thomas Jefferson get the second vote?

answer: it violated Electoral College rules

text: it violated Electoral College rules

question: What did the Electoral College do when John Kerry's name was wrong on the ballot?

text: certified this ballot

question: How many states voted for John Edwards for president in the election?

text: ten

question: How many times had Aaron Burr run for office in the past?

text: This was the first time

question: Who voted for John Edwards for president and had his vote discounted because it violated the rules?

text: One elector in Minnesota

question: What state was Aaron Burr originally from?

text: Minnesota


text: By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the Treaty of Payne's Landing promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: Indian

text: removal

text: was

text: a

text: significant

text: issue

text: throughout

text: the

text: southeastern

text: U.S.

text: and

text: also

text: in

text: Florida

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Congress

text: passed

text: the

text: Indian

text: Removal

text: Act

text: and

text: as

text: settlement

text: increased

text: pressure

text: grew

text: on

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: Indians

text: from

text: Florida

text: Seminoles

text: harbored

text: runaway

text: blacks

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Black

text: Seminoles

text: and

text: clashes

text: between

text: whites

text: and

text: Indians

text: grew

text: with

text: the

text: influx

text: of

text: new

text: settlers

text: In

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Payne

text: 's

text: Landing

text: promised

text: to

text: the

text: Seminoles

text: lands

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: if

text: they

text: agreed

text: to

text: leave

text: Florida

text: Many

text: Seminole

text: left

text: at

text: this

text: time

question: What was an issue in the early 1800's

answer: Indian removal was a significant issue

text: Indian removal was a significant issue

question: What did congress pass in 1830

answer: In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act

text: In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act

question: Who did Seminoles harbor

answer: runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles

text: runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles

question: What was the name of the treaty of 1832

answer: Treaty of Payne's Landing

text: Treaty of Payne's Landing

question: What did Paynes Landing promiss

answer: the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.

text: the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.

question: What people weren't an issue in 1800s?

text: Indian

question: What region of the US were Indians welcomed?

text: southeastern

question: What was passed in 1840?

text: Indian Removal Act

question: Who were known as the White Seminoles?

text: runaway blacks

question: What year was the Treaty of Payne's landing removed?


text: The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: earthquake

text: had

text: a

text: magnitude

text: of

text: Ms

text: and

text: Mw

text: The

text: epicenter

text: was

text: in

text: Wenchuan

text: County

text: Ngawa

text: Tibetan

text: and

text: Qiang

text: Autonomous

text: Prefecture

text: km

text: west

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Chengdu

text: with

text: its

text: main

text: tremor

text: occurring

text: at

text: China

text: Standard

text: Time

text: UTC

text: on

text: May

text: lasting

text: for

text: around

text: minutes

text: in

text: the

text: quake

text: almost

text: of

text: buildings

text: were

text: destroyed

question: Where was the epicenter?

answer: Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture

text: Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture

question: How long did the earthquake last?

answer: 2 minutes

text: 2 minutes

question: What percentage of buildings were destroyed?

answer: 80%

question: What was the magnitude of the earthquake?

answer: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw

text: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw

question: How long did the main tremor last?

answer: 2 minutes

text: 2 minutes

question: What percentage of buildings were destroyed during the quake?

answer: almost 80%

text: almost 80%


text: On October 2, the Popular Front formally launched its political platform at a two-day congress. Väljas attended, gambling that the front could help Estonia become a model of economic and political revival, while moderating separatist and other radical tendencies. On November 16, 1988, the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR adopted a declaration of national sovereignty under which Estonian laws would take precedence over those of the Soviet Union. Estonia's parliament also laid claim to the republic's natural resources including land, inland waters, forests, mineral deposits, and to the means of industrial production, agriculture, construction, state banks, transportation, and municipal services within the territory of Estonia's borders.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: formally

text: launched

text: its

text: political

text: platform

text: at

text: a

text: two

text: day

text: congress

text: Väljas

text: attended

text: gambling

text: that

text: the

text: front

text: could

text: help

text: Estonia

text: become

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: revival

text: while

text: moderating

text: separatist

text: and

text: other

text: radical

text: tendencies

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: of

text: the

text: Estonian

text: SSR

text: adopted

text: a

text: declaration

text: of

text: national

text: sovereignty

text: under

text: which

text: Estonian

text: laws

text: would

text: take

text: precedence

text: over

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: parliament

text: also

text: laid

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: republic

text: 's

text: natural

text: resources

text: including

text: land

text: inland

text: waters

text: forests

text: mineral

text: deposits

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: industrial

text: production

text: agriculture

text: construction

text: state

text: banks

text: transportation

text: and

text: municipal

text: services

text: within

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: borders

question: Whose laws would take precedence according to the declaration of national sovereignty?

answer: Estonian

text: Estonian

question: Who claimed Estonia's national resources?

answer: Estonia's parliament

text: Estonia's parliament

question: What was the name of the group that made its platform known on October 2?

answer: the Popular Front

text: the Popular Front


text: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge.[c] Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, bombs, and the Clawshot (similar to the Hookshot introduced earlier in the The Legend of Zelda series).[d] While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.[c]

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: The

text: Legend

text: of

text: Zelda

text: Twilight

text: Princess

text: is

text: an

text: action

text: adventure

text: game

text: focused

text: on

text: combat

text: exploration

text: and

text: item

text: collection

text: It

text: uses

text: the

text: basic

text: control

text: scheme

text: introduced

text: in

text: Ocarina

text: of

text: Time

text: including

text: context

text: sensitive

text: action

text: buttons

text: and

text: L

text: targeting

text: Z

text: targeting

text: on

text: the

text: Wii

text: a

text: system

text: that

text: allows

text: the

text: player

text: to

text: keep

text: Link

text: 's

text: view

text: focused

text: on

text: an

text: enemy

text: or

text: important

text: object

text: while

text: moving

text: and

text: attacking

text: Link

text: can

text: walk

text: run

text: and

text: attack

text: and

text: will

text: automatically

text: jump

text: when

text: running

text: off

text: of

text: or

text: reaching

text: for

text: a

text: ledge.[c

text: Link

text: uses

text: a

text: sword

text: and

text: shield

text: in

text: combat

text: complemented

text: with

text: secondary

text: weapons

text: and

text: items

text: including

text: a

text: bow

text: and

text: arrows

text: a

text: boomerang

text: bombs

text: and

text: the

text: Clawshot

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Hookshot

text: introduced

text: earlier

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: Legend

text: of

text: Zelda

text: series).[d

text: While

text: L

text: targeting

text: projectile

text: based

text: weapons

text: can

text: be

text: fired

text: at

text: a

text: target

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: manual

text: aiming.[c

question: What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?

answer: combat, exploration, and item collection

text: combat, exploration, and item collection

question: Twilight Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?

answer: Ocarina of Time

text: Ocarina of Time

question: What can be used to shoot without the need to manually target enemies?

answer: L-targeting

text: L-targeting

question: What is Link's main weapon?

answer: sword

text: sword

question: What secondary weapon in Twilight Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games?

answer: Clawshot

text: Clawshot

question: What genre of game is Twilight Princess?

answer: action-adventure

text: action-adventure

question: Twilight Princess follows the control scheme introduced in what game?

answer: Ocarina of Time

text: Ocarina of Time

question: What 2 main weapons does Link use in combat?

answer: sword and shield

text: sword and shield

question: What control can be used while targeting that allows the player to forego manual targeting?

answer: L-targeting

text: L-targeting

question: What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Clawshot Princess?

question: Clawshot Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?

text: Ocarina of Time

question: What is Clawshot's main weapon?

text: sword

question: What secondary weapon in Clawshot Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games?

text: Clawshot

question: What genre of games is Clawshot Princess?

text: action-adventure


text: In species which show a distinct difference between heartwood and sapwood the natural color of heartwood is usually darker than that of the sapwood, and very frequently the contrast is conspicuous (see section of yew log above). This is produced by deposits in the heartwood of chemical substances, so that a dramatic color difference does not mean a dramatic difference in the mechanical properties of heartwood and sapwood, although there may be a dramatic chemical difference.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: species

text: which

text: show

text: a

text: distinct

text: difference

text: between

text: heartwood

text: and

text: sapwood

text: the

text: natural

text: color

text: of

text: heartwood

text: is

text: usually

text: darker

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: sapwood

text: and

text: very

text: frequently

text: the

text: contrast

text: is

text: conspicuous

text: see

text: section

text: of

text: yew

text: log

text: above

text: This

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: deposits

text: in

text: the

text: heartwood

text: of

text: chemical

text: substances

text: so

text: that

text: a

text: dramatic

text: color

text: difference

text: does

text: not

text: mean

text: a

text: dramatic

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: of

text: heartwood

text: and

text: sapwood

text: although

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: dramatic

text: chemical

text: difference

question: When trees have a visible difference in color between sapwood and heartwood, which is darker?

answer: heartwood

text: heartwood

question: What is deposited naturally in heartwood that changes its color?

answer: chemical substances

text: chemical substances

question: Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous?

answer: conspicuous

text: conspicuous

question: What type of properties of heartwood and sapwood is often the same even if their colors are very different?

answer: mechanical

text: mechanical

question: Although heartwood and sapwood might be similar mechanically, if their colors are very different, what other type of difference would they have?

answer: chemical

text: chemical


text: Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of Interstate 10 and the Santa Cruz River. Ten-minute headway passenger service began July 25, 2014. The streetcar utilizes Sun Tran's card payment and transfer system, connecting with the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Tucson

text: 's

text: Sun

text: Tran

text: bus

text: system

text: serves

text: greater

text: Tucson

text: with

text: standard

text: express

text: regional

text: shuttle

text: and

text: on

text: demand

text: shuttle

text: bus

text: service

text: It

text: was

text: awarded

text: Best

text: Transit

text: System

text: in

text: and

text: A

text: streetcar

text: line

text: Sun

text: Link

text: connects

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: campus

text: with

text: Avenue

text: downtown

text: and

text: the

text: Mercado

text: District

text: west

text: of

text: Interstate

text: and

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

text: Ten

text: minute

text: headway

text: passenger

text: service

text: began

text: July

text: The

text: streetcar

text: utilizes

text: Sun

text: Tran

text: 's

text: card

text: payment

text: and

text: transfer

text: system

text: connecting

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: CatTran

text: shuttles

text: Amtrak

text: and

text: Greyhound

text: intercity

text: bus

text: service

question: How long is the Sun Link?

answer: 3.9-mile

question: What is Tucson's bus system called?

answer: Sun Tran

text: Sun Tran

question: What transit systems does Sun Link connect to?

answer: the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service

text: the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service

question: When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award?

answer: 1988 and 2005

text: 1988 and 2005

question: What kind of vehicles operate on the Sun Link?

answer: streetcar

text: streetcar


text: Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas. The Marathas, who were Hindus from the state of what is now Maharashtra, ruled Rajputana for most of the eighteenth century. The Maratha Empire, which had replaced the Mughal Empire as the overlord of the subcontinent, was finally replaced by the British Empire in 1818.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: the

text: Mughals

text: began

text: to

text: have

text: internal

text: disputes

text: which

text: greatly

text: distracted

text: them

text: at

text: times

text: The

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: continued

text: to

text: weaken

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Rajputana

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: suzerainty

text: of

text: the

text: Marathas

text: The

text: Marathas

text: who

text: were

text: Hindus

text: from

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Maharashtra

text: ruled

text: Rajputana

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: The

text: Maratha

text: Empire

text: which

text: had

text: replaced

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: as

text: the

text: overlord

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: was

text: finally

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: in

question: What group in the Rajasthan region started to have internal disputes?

answer: Mughals

text: Mughals

question: In what century did the Mughal Empire come into decline?

answer: 18th century

text: 18th century

question: The Maratharas gained what over Rajputana?

answer: suzerainty

text: suzerainty

question: Where were the Marathas from?

answer: the state of what is now Maharashtra

text: the state of what is now Maharashtra

question: In what year did the British Empire replace the Maratha Empire?

answer: 1818

question: How long did the Mughal Empire rule Marantha?

text: most of the eighteenth century

question: When did the Mughal Empire replace the British Empire?

question: What did the British Empire gain over Rajputana?

text: suzerainty

question: What did the British Empire have over time that was distracting?

text: internal disputes

question: What century marked the decline of the British Empire?

text: the 18th century


text: The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make electrical contact. The external metallic sheath is typically connected to system ground, thus dissipating damaging static charges. This enclosure design also provides a degree of protection from electromagnetic interference to the USB signal while it travels through the mated connector pair (the only location when the otherwise twisted data pair travels in parallel). In addition, because of the required sizes of the power and common connections, they are made after the system ground but before the data connections. This type of staged make-break timing allows for electrically safe hot-swapping.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: connector

text: construction

text: always

text: ensures

text: that

text: the

text: external

text: sheath

text: on

text: the

text: plug

text: makes

text: contact

text: with

text: its

text: counterpart

text: in

text: the

text: receptacle

text: before

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: connectors

text: within

text: make

text: electrical

text: contact

text: The

text: external

text: metallic

text: sheath

text: is

text: typically

text: connected

text: to

text: system

text: ground

text: thus

text: dissipating

text: damaging

text: static

text: charges

text: This

text: enclosure

text: design

text: also

text: provides

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: protection

text: from

text: electromagnetic

text: interference

text: to

text: the

text: USB

text: signal

text: while

text: it

text: travels

text: through

text: the

text: mated

text: connector

text: pair

text: the

text: only

text: location

text: when

text: the

text: otherwise

text: twisted

text: data

text: pair

text: travels

text: in

text: parallel

text: In

text: addition

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: required

text: sizes

text: of

text: the

text: power

text: and

text: common

text: connections

text: they

text: are

text: made

text: after

text: the

text: system

text: ground

text: but

text: before

text: the

text: data

text: connections

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: staged

text: make

text: break

text: timing

text: allows

text: for

text: electrically

text: safe

text: hot

text: swapping

question: Where is the external metallic sheet connected?

answer: typically connected to system ground

text: typically connected to system ground

question: What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal?

answer: This enclosure design

text: This enclosure design

question: This type of stage make-break timing allows for what?

answer: electrically safe hot-swapping.

text: electrically safe hot-swapping.


text: On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld that the Egyptian people had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since "120,000 Egyptians had died (sic)" building it. The motion was technically in breach of the international agreement he had signed with the UK on 19 October 1954, although he ensured that all existing stockholders would be paid off.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: On

text: July

text: Nasser

text: gave

text: a

text: speech

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: announcing

text: the

text: nationalization

text: of

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: Company

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: fund

text: the

text: Aswan

text: Dam

text: project

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: American

text: withdrawal

text: In

text: the

text: speech

text: he

text: denounced

text: British

text: imperialism

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: British

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: canal

text: company

text: 's

text: profits

text: and

text: upheld

text: that

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: people

text: had

text: a

text: right

text: to

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: waterway

text: especially

text: since

text: Egyptians

text: had

text: died

text: sic

text: building

text: it

text: The

text: motion

text: was

text: technically

text: in

text: breach

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: agreement

text: he

text: had

text: signed

text: with

text: the

text: UK

text: on

text: October

text: although

text: he

text: ensured

text: that

text: all

text: existing

text: stockholders

text: would

text: be

text: paid

text: off

question: What did Nasser propose to do with funds from the nationalized Suez Canal?

answer: fund the Aswan Dam

text: fund the Aswan Dam

question: How many Egyptians did Nasser claim died building the Suez canal?

answer: 120,000

question: Who did Nasser claim would still be paid despite nationalization of the canal?

answer: existing stockholders

text: existing stockholders

question: What country had signed an agreement with Nasser in 1954?

answer: UK

text: UK


text: During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: Eritrea

text: region

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Medri

text: Bahri

text: sea

text: land

text: The

text: name

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: name

text: for

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Ἐρυθρὰ

text: Θάλασσα

text: Erythra

text: Thalassa

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: adjective

text: ἐρυθρός

text: erythros

text: red

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: formally

text: adopted

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: Italian

text: Eritrea

text: Colonia

text: Eritrea

text: The

text: territory

text: became

text: the

text: Eritrea

text: Governorate

text: within

text: Italian

text: East

text: Africa

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: Ethiopia

text: in

text: nominally

text: within

text: a

text: federation

text: until

text: and

text: an

text: Eritrean

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: formed

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: gained

text: independence

text: following

text: the

text: referendum

text: and

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: state

text: was

text: defined

text: as

text: State

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: in

text: the

text: constitution.[citation

text: needed

question: What was the Eritrean region known as during the Middle Ages?

answer: Medri Bahri

text: Medri Bahri

question: When was Eritrea annexed by Ethiopia?

answer: 1953

question: When did the Eritrean Liberation Front form?

answer: 1960

question: When did Eritrea gain independence?

answer: following the 1993 referendum

text: following the 1993 referendum

question: What was the Roman name for the Red Sea?

text: Medri Bahri

question: In what year did the Eritrean Liberation Front cease operations?

question: When was Ethiopia founded?

question: In what year was Italian Eritrea founded?

question: What was Ethiopia known as during the Middle Ages?

text: Italian Eritrea


text: In 1896, Eugen Baumann observed iodine in thyroid glands. In 1897, Christiaan Eijkman worked with natives of Java, who also suffered from beriberi. Eijkman observed that chickens fed the native diet of white rice developed the symptoms of beriberi but remained healthy when fed unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact. Eijkman cured the natives by feeding them brown rice, discovering that food can cure disease. Over two decades later, nutritionists learned that the outer rice bran contains vitamin B1, also known as thiamine.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: In

text: Eugen

text: Baumann

text: observed

text: iodine

text: in

text: thyroid

text: glands

text: In

text: Christiaan

text: Eijkman

text: worked

text: with

text: natives

text: of

text: Java

text: who

text: also

text: suffered

text: from

text: beriberi

text: Eijkman

text: observed

text: that

text: chickens

text: fed

text: the

text: native

text: diet

text: of

text: white

text: rice

text: developed

text: the

text: symptoms

text: of

text: beriberi

text: but

text: remained

text: healthy

text: when

text: fed

text: unprocessed

text: brown

text: rice

text: with

text: the

text: outer

text: bran

text: intact

text: Eijkman

text: cured

text: the

text: natives

text: by

text: feeding

text: them

text: brown

text: rice

text: discovering

text: that

text: food

text: can

text: cure

text: disease

text: Over

text: two

text: decades

text: later

text: nutritionists

text: learned

text: that

text: the

text: outer

text: rice

text: bran

text: contains

text: vitamin

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: thiamine

question: What element can be found in thyroid glands?

answer: iodine

text: iodine

question: What group of natives suffered from beriberi?

answer: Java

text: Java

question: Who worked with the natives to help solve their dietary issues?

answer: Christiaan Eijkman

text: Christiaan Eijkman

question: What simple alternative food prevented the development of beriberi in chickens?

answer: unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact

text: unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact

question: How long after the natives were cured did it take for people to figure out the reason that brown rice cured them?

answer: two decades

text: two decades


text: Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provides tall oil, turpentine, and rosin.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Aside

text: from

text: the

text: lignocellulose

text: wood

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: low

text: molecular

text: weight

text: organic

text: compounds

text: called

text: extractives

text: The

text: wood

text: extractives

text: are

text: fatty

text: acids

text: resin

text: acids

text: waxes

text: and

text: terpenes

text: For

text: example

text: rosin

text: is

text: exuded

text: by

text: conifers

text: as

text: protection

text: from

text: insects

text: The

text: extraction

text: of

text: these

text: organic

text: materials

text: from

text: wood

text: provides

text: tall

text: oil

text: turpentine

text: and

text: rosin

question: What's the name for the low molecular weight organic compounds in wood?

answer: extractives

text: extractives

question: Along with fatty acids, what kind of acids are in the extractives in wood?

answer: resin

text: resin

question: Wood extractives include resin and fatty acids, terpenes, and what other component?

answer: waxes

text: waxes

question: What do conifers use rosin to protect themselves from?

answer: insects

text: insects

question: Along with tall oil and rosin, what commercial product do we get from wood's extractives?

answer: turpentine

text: turpentine