text: The MoD states that its principal objectives are to defend the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its interests and to strengthen international peace and stability. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the MoD does not foresee any short-term conventional military threat; rather, it has identified weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states as the overriding threats to Britain's interests. The MoD also manages day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: MoD

text: states

text: that

text: its

text: principal

text: objectives

text: are

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: its

text: interests

text: and

text: to

text: strengthen

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: stability

text: With

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: the

text: MoD

text: does

text: not

text: foresee

text: any

text: short

text: term

text: conventional

text: military

text: threat

text: rather

text: it

text: has

text: identified

text: weapons

text: of

text: mass

text: destruction

text: international

text: terrorism

text: and

text: failed

text: and

text: failing

text: states

text: as

text: the

text: overriding

text: threats

text: to

text: Britain

text: 's

text: interests

text: The

text: MoD

text: also

text: manages

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: running

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: contingency

text: planning

text: and

text: defence

text: procurement

question: What does the MoD wish to strengthen?

answer: international peace and stability

text: international peace and stability

question: The UK consists of what two areas?

answer: Great Britain and Northern Ireland

text: Great Britain and Northern Ireland

question: What does the MoD defend?

answer: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

question: What are the threats that the MoD has identified?

answer: weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states

text: weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, and failed and failing states

question: What does the MoD manage?

answer: day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement

text: day-to-day running of the armed forces, contingency planning and defence procurement

question: What is strengthened  in the Soviet Union after the Cold War?

text: international peace and stability

question: What does Northern Ireland see as far as short term threats?

question: What has Northern Ireland found are threats to international peace and stability?

question: What needs to be managed daily by Northern Ireland?

question: What is one thing that the Soviet Union wants to defend?

text: its interests


text: Beer is the world's most widely consumed and likely the oldest alcoholic beverage; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. The production of beer is called brewing, which involves the fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are widely used. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such as herbs or fruit may occasionally be included. The fermentation process causes a natural carbonation effect which is often removed during processing, and replaced with forced carbonation. Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Beer

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: widely

text: consumed

text: and

text: likely

text: the

text: oldest

text: alcoholic

text: beverage

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: popular

text: drink

text: overall

text: after

text: water

text: and

text: tea

text: The

text: production

text: of

text: beer

text: is

text: called

text: brewing

text: which

text: involves

text: the

text: fermentation

text: of

text: starches

text: mainly

text: derived

text: from

text: cereal

text: grains

text: most

text: commonly

text: malted

text: barley

text: although

text: wheat

text: maize

text: corn

text: and

text: rice

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: Most

text: beer

text: is

text: flavoured

text: with

text: hops

text: which

text: add

text: bitterness

text: and

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: natural

text: preservative

text: though

text: other

text: flavourings

text: such

text: as

text: herbs

text: or

text: fruit

text: may

text: occasionally

text: be

text: included

text: The

text: fermentation

text: process

text: causes

text: a

text: natural

text: carbonation

text: effect

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: removed

text: during

text: processing

text: and

text: replaced

text: with

text: forced

text: carbonation

text: Some

text: of

text: humanity

text: 's

text: earliest

text: known

text: writings

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: beer

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Hammurabi

text: included

text: laws

text: regulating

text: beer

text: and

text: beer

text: parlours

text: and

text: The

text: Hymn

text: to

text: Ninkasi

text: a

text: prayer

text: to

text: the

text: Mesopotamian

text: goddess

text: of

text: beer

text: served

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: prayer

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: remembering

text: the

text: recipe

text: for

text: beer

text: in

text: a

text: culture

text: with

text: few

text: literate

text: people

question: What is most popular alcoholic drink in the world?

answer: Beer

text: Beer

question: What is believed to be the oldest alcoholic drinking the world?

answer: Beer

text: Beer

question: What is the term used to describe the making beer?

answer: brewing

text: brewing

question: What brewing process naturally carbonates beer?

answer: fermentation

text: fermentation

question: What prayer did people use in Mesopotamia to remember a beer recipe?

answer: The Hymn to Ninkasi

text: The Hymn to Ninkasi

question: What is the oldest drink in the world?

text: Beer

question: What is all beer flavoured with?

text: hops

question: What starch is always used in the fermentation process?

text: malted barley

question: What is the prayer in the Code of Hammurabi?

text: The Hymn to Ninkasi

question: Who is the world's goddess of beer?

text: Ninkasi

question: What two drinks follow beer as the most popular?

text: water and tea

question: What involves the fermentation of hops?

text: brewing

question: What types of cereal grains is beer flavored with?

question: What did the Code of Ninkasi include?

text: laws regulating beer and beer parlours

question: What is The Hymn to Haammurabi?


text: Starting in 1982, dividends from the fund's annual growth have been paid out each year to eligible Alaskans, ranging from an initial $1,000 in 1982 (equal to three years' payout, as the distribution of payments was held up in a lawsuit over the distribution scheme) to $3,269 in 2008 (which included a one-time $1,200 "Resource Rebate"). Every year, the state legislature takes out 8% from the earnings, puts 3% back into the principal for inflation proofing, and the remaining 5% is distributed to all qualifying Alaskans. To qualify for the Permanent Fund Dividend, one must have lived in the state for a minimum of 12 months, maintain constant residency subject to allowable absences, and not be subject to court judgments or criminal convictions which fall under various disqualifying classifications or may subject the payment amount to civil garnishment.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Starting

text: in

text: dividends

text: from

text: the

text: fund

text: 's

text: annual

text: growth

text: have

text: been

text: paid

text: out

text: each

text: year

text: to

text: eligible

text: Alaskans

text: ranging

text: from

text: an

text: initial

text: in

text: equal

text: to

text: three

text: years

text: payout

text: as

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: payments

text: was

text: held

text: up

text: in

text: a

text: lawsuit

text: over

text: the

text: distribution

text: scheme

text: to

text: in

text: which

text: included

text: a

text: one

text: time

text: Resource

text: Rebate

text: Every

text: year

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: takes

text: out

text: from

text: the

text: earnings

text: puts

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: principal

text: for

text: inflation

text: proofing

text: and

text: the

text: remaining

text: is

text: distributed

text: to

text: all

text: qualifying

text: Alaskans

text: To

text: qualify

text: for

text: the

text: Permanent

text: Fund

text: Dividend

text: one

text: must

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: for

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: months

text: maintain

text: constant

text: residency

text: subject

text: to

text: allowable

text: absences

text: and

text: not

text: be

text: subject

text: to

text: court

text: judgments

text: or

text: criminal

text: convictions

text: which

text: fall

text: under

text: various

text: disqualifying

text: classifications

text: or

text: may

text: subject

text: the

text: payment

text: amount

text: to

text: civil

text: garnishment

question: How long must an Alaskan have lived in the state in order to receive a Permanent Fund Dividend?

answer: minimum of 12 months

text: minimum of 12 months

question: What percentage of the Permanent Fund is divided betwen Alaska's eligible residents?

answer: 5%

question: When did disembursements from the Permanent Fund begin?

answer: 1982

question: How much was the initial disembursement from the Permanent Fund?

answer: $1,000

question: How long must an Canadian have lived in the state in order to receive a Permanent Fund Dividend?

text: minimum of 12 months

question: What percentage of the Permanent Fund is divided betwen Alaska's ineligible residents?

question: When did disembursements from the Permanent Fund end?

question: When didn't disembursements from the Permanent Fund begin?

question: How much was the final disembursement from the Permanent Fund?


text: Genetic engineering is now a routine research tool with model organisms. For example, genes are easily added to bacteria and lineages of knockout mice with a specific gene's function disrupted are used to investigate that gene's function. Many organisms have been genetically modified for applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Genetic

text: engineering

text: is

text: now

text: a

text: routine

text: research

text: tool

text: with

text: model

text: organisms

text: For

text: example

text: genes

text: are

text: easily

text: added

text: to

text: bacteria

text: and

text: lineages

text: of

text: knockout

text: mice

text: with

text: a

text: specific

text: gene

text: 's

text: function

text: disrupted

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: investigate

text: that

text: gene

text: 's

text: function

text: Many

text: organisms

text: have

text: been

text: genetically

text: modified

text: for

text: applications

text: in

text: agriculture

text: industrial

text: biotechnology

text: and

text: medicine

question: What has become a common research tool with model organisms?

answer: Genetic engineering

text: Genetic engineering

question: What do scientists explore by adding genes to mice with a certain gene's function disrupted?

answer: that gene's function

text: that gene's function

question: What is an application for which organisms have been modified for?

answer: agriculture

text: agriculture

question: What is another for which  organisms have been modified for?

answer: industrial biotechnology

text: industrial biotechnology

question: What is yet another application for which  organisms have been modified for?

answer: medicine

text: medicine


text: Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is the example of sensory memory. It is out of cognitive control and is an automatic response. With very short presentations, participants often report that they seem to "see" more than they can actually report. The first experiments exploring this form of sensory memory were conducted by George Sperling (1963) using the "partial report paradigm". Subjects were presented with a grid of 12 letters, arranged into three rows of four. After a brief presentation, subjects were then played either a high, medium or low tone, cuing them which of the rows to report. Based on these partial report experiments,Sperling was able to show that the capacity of sensory memory was approximately 12 items, but that it degraded very quickly (within a few hundred milliseconds). Because this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display but be unable to report all of the items (12 in the "whole report" procedure) before they decayed. This type of memory cannot be prolonged via rehearsal.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Sensory

text: memory

text: holds

text: sensory

text: information

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: second

text: after

text: an

text: item

text: is

text: perceived

text: The

text: ability

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: an

text: item

text: and

text: remember

text: what

text: it

text: looked

text: like

text: with

text: just

text: a

text: split

text: second

text: of

text: observation

text: or

text: memorization

text: is

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: sensory

text: memory

text: It

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: cognitive

text: control

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: automatic

text: response

text: With

text: very

text: short

text: presentations

text: participants

text: often

text: report

text: that

text: they

text: seem

text: to

text: see

text: more

text: than

text: they

text: can

text: actually

text: report

text: The

text: first

text: experiments

text: exploring

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: sensory

text: memory

text: were

text: conducted

text: by

text: George

text: Sperling

text: using

text: the

text: partial

text: report

text: paradigm

text: Subjects

text: were

text: presented

text: with

text: a

text: grid

text: of

text: letters

text: arranged

text: into

text: three

text: rows

text: of

text: four

text: After

text: a

text: brief

text: presentation

text: subjects

text: were

text: then

text: played

text: either

text: a

text: high

text: medium

text: or

text: low

text: tone

text: cuing

text: them

text: which

text: of

text: the

text: rows

text: to

text: report

text: Based

text: on

text: these

text: partial

text: report

text: experiments

text: Sperling

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: capacity

text: of

text: sensory

text: memory

text: was

text: approximately

text: items

text: but

text: that

text: it

text: degraded

text: very

text: quickly

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: milliseconds

text: Because

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: memory

text: degrades

text: so

text: quickly

text: participants

text: would

text: see

text: the

text: display

text: but

text: be

text: unable

text: to

text: report

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: items

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: report

text: procedure

text: before

text: they

text: decayed

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: memory

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: prolonged

text: via

text: rehearsal

question: How long does sensory  memory to to store information?

answer: less than one second

text: less than one second

question: Can we control what is stored in our sensory memory?

answer: It is out of cognitive control

text: It is out of cognitive control

question: Who did the first studies on exploring a new idea of sensory memory?

answer: George Sperling

text: George Sperling

question: What did Spellings' findings reveal?

answer: this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display but be unable to report all of the items

text: this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display but be unable to report all of the items

question: How long does sensory memory store presentations?

text: less than one second

question: Can we control what is stored in our experimental memory?

text: It is out of cognitive control

question: Who did the first studies on exploring a new idea of sensory registers?

text: George Sperling

question: What experiments did George Serling conduct in 1953?

text: sensory memory

question: What did Spellings' findings prove to be false?


text: The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: director

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: operations

text: at

text: the

text: FBI

text: Along

text: with

text: his

text: deputies

text: the

text: director

text: makes

text: sure

text: cases

text: and

text: operations

text: are

text: handled

text: correctly

text: The

text: director

text: also

text: is

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: making

text: sure

text: the

text: leadership

text: in

text: any

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: FBI

text: field

text: offices

text: is

text: manned

text: with

text: qualified

text: agents

text: Before

text: the

text: Intelligence

text: Reform

text: and

text: Terrorism

text: Prevention

text: Act

text: was

text: passed

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: the

text: FBI

text: director

text: would

text: directly

text: brief

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: any

text: issues

text: that

text: arise

text: from

text: within

text: the

text: FBI

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: director

text: now

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: DNI

text: who

text: in

text: turn

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: President

question: Who is responsible for day-to-day FBI operations?

answer: The FBI director

text: The FBI director

question: Who assists the FBI director?

answer: his deputies

text: his deputies

question: What acts were passed relating to the FBI after 9/11?

answer: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

text: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

question: Who used to brief the President?

answer: FBI director

text: FBI director

question: Who now reports to the President?

answer: Director of National Intelligence

text: Director of National Intelligence

question: Who makes sure CIA field offices are manned with qualified agents?

text: FBI director

question: What act was passed before September 11th?

question: Who does the President report to?

text: Director of National Intelligence

question: Who is responsible for briefing the FBI director?

text: President of the United States

question: What does the CIA director brief the President on?


text: In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: In

text: Oliver

text: Cromwell

text: granted

text: the

text: English

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: a

text: charter

text: to

text: govern

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: the

text: company

text: decided

text: to

text: fortify

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: colonise

text: it

text: with

text: planters

text: The

text: first

text: governor

text: Captain

text: John

text: Dutton

text: arrived

text: in

text: making

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: one

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: oldest

text: colonies

text: outside

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: A

text: fort

text: and

text: houses

text: were

text: built

text: After

text: the

text: Restoration

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: monarchy

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: received

text: a

text: royal

text: charter

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: sole

text: right

text: to

text: fortify

text: and

text: colonise

text: the

text: island

text: The

text: fort

text: was

text: renamed

text: James

text: Fort

text: and

text: the

text: town

text: Jamestown

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: later

text: James

text: II

text: of

text: England

question: Who was granted a charter to govern Saint Helena?

answer: the English East India Company

text: the English East India Company

question: Who granted the English East company a character to govern the island?

answer: Oliver Cromwell

text: Oliver Cromwell

question: Who was the first governor of Saint Helena?

answer: Captain John Dutton

text: Captain John Dutton

question: What year did the first governor arrive to Saint Helena?

answer: 1659

question: Who had the sole right to fortify and colonize the island?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company


text: The following is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces. It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: following

text: is

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: It

text: begins

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: ranking

text: personnel

text: and

text: works

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: lower

text: organizations

question: What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces?

answer: It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.

text: It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.

question: What is the hierarchy of the French Armed Forces?

text: Canadian


text: The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode. Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 1926 and 1928. However, Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype. Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device had been built. In 1934, German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: The

text: thermionic

text: triode

text: a

text: vacuum

text: tube

text: invented

text: in

text: enabled

text: amplified

text: radio

text: technology

text: and

text: long

text: distance

text: telephony

text: The

text: triode

text: however

text: was

text: a

text: fragile

text: device

text: that

text: consumed

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: power

text: Physicist

text: Julius

text: Edgar

text: Lilienfeld

text: filed

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: a

text: field

text: effect

text: transistor

text: FET

text: in

text: Canada

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: solid

text: state

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: triode

text: Lilienfeld

text: also

text: filed

text: identical

text: patents

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: and

text: However

text: Lilienfeld

text: did

text: not

text: publish

text: any

text: research

text: articles

text: about

text: his

text: devices

text: nor

text: did

text: his

text: patents

text: cite

text: any

text: specific

text: examples

text: of

text: a

text: working

text: prototype

text: Because

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: high

text: quality

text: semiconductor

text: materials

text: was

text: still

text: decades

text: away

text: Lilienfeld

text: 's

text: solid

text: state

text: amplifier

text: ideas

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: found

text: practical

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: even

text: if

text: such

text: a

text: device

text: had

text: been

text: built

text: In

text: German

text: inventor

text: Oskar

text: Heil

text: patented

text: a

text: similar

text: device

question: When was the thermionic triode invented?

answer: 1907

question: What was the purpose of the thermionic triode?

answer: amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony

text: amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony

question: Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor?

answer: Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld

text: Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld

question: Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: What year did Lilienfeld file his patent?

answer: 1925

question: Where did Oskar Heil file a patent?

text: the United States

question: How long would it take for a practical field-effect transistor be built?

text: decades

question: Why did Oskar Heil invent a device similar to Lilienfeld's?

question: Why were field-effect transistors not practical without high quality semiconductor materials?

text: consumed a lot of power

question: Where was the thermionic triode invented?

text: Canada


text: Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin. The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react. This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation, mating, growth, and pathogenicity. Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non-self, a biotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, and even filter out "noise", i.e. similar molecules without biotic content.

title: Communication

title: Communication

text: Fungi

text: communicate

text: to

text: coordinate

text: and

text: organize

text: their

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: Marcelia

text: and

text: fruiting

text: bodies

text: Fungi

text: communicate

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: and

text: related

text: species

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: with

text: non

text: fungal

text: organisms

text: in

text: a

text: great

text: variety

text: of

text: symbiotic

text: interactions

text: especially

text: with

text: bacteria

text: unicellular

text: eukaryote

text: plants

text: and

text: insects

text: through

text: biochemicals

text: of

text: biotic

text: origin

text: The

text: biochemicals

text: trigger

text: the

text: fungal

text: organism

text: to

text: react

text: in

text: a

text: specific

text: manner

text: while

text: if

text: the

text: same

text: chemical

text: molecules

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: biotic

text: messages

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: trigger

text: the

text: fungal

text: organism

text: to

text: react

text: This

text: implies

text: that

text: fungal

text: organisms

text: can

text: differentiate

text: between

text: molecules

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: biotic

text: messages

text: and

text: similar

text: molecules

text: being

text: irrelevant

text: in

text: the

text: situation

text: So

text: far

text: five

text: different

text: primary

text: signalling

text: molecules

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: coordinate

text: different

text: behavioral

text: patterns

text: such

text: as

text: filamentation

text: mating

text: growth

text: and

text: pathogenicity

text: Behavioral

text: coordination

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: signaling

text: substances

text: is

text: achieved

text: through

text: interpretation

text: processes

text: that

text: enables

text: the

text: organism

text: to

text: differ

text: between

text: self

text: or

text: non

text: self

text: a

text: biotic

text: indicator

text: biotic

text: message

text: from

text: similar

text: related

text: or

text: non

text: related

text: species

text: and

text: even

text: filter

text: out

text: noise

text: i.e.

text: similar

text: molecules

text: without

text: biotic

text: content

question: Why do fungi communicate?

answer: to coordinate and organize their growth and development

text: to coordinate and organize their growth and development

question: How do fungi communicate with insects?

answer: through biochemicals of biotic origin

text: through biochemicals of biotic origin

question: How many primary signalling molecules are known to organize different behavioral patterns?

answer: five

text: five

question: What enables an organism to differentiate between self and other?

answer: interpretation processes

text: interpretation processes

question: What is an example of "noise" that is filtered out through the interpretation processes?

answer: similar molecules without biotic content

text: similar molecules without biotic content

question: There are four primary signalling molecules that are known to organize what?

text: different behavioral patterns

question: What can't differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages or irrelevant messages?

text: fungal organisms

question: How many secondary signalling molecules are known to coordinate?

text: five

question: What substance always triggers the fungal organism to react the same way every time?

text: biochemicals

question: What 'noise' can't be filtered out?


text: Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: 's

text: flora

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Region

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: phytochoria

text: recognized

text: by

text: Armen

text: Takhtajan

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: Submediterranean

text: climate

text: regions

text: in

text: Europe

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: much

text: of

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southern

text: Portugal

text: most

text: of

text: Spain

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: France

text: Italy

text: the

text: Croatian

text: coast

text: much

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: Montenegro

text: Albania

text: Macedonia

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: islands

question: What is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern Europe?

answer: phytochoria

text: phytochoria

question: Who coined the term phytochoria?

answer: Armen Takhtajan

text: Armen Takhtajan

question: Who coined the term Submediterranean?

text: Armen Takhtajan

question: What is a word that can be used to describe the animal life of southern Europe?

text: phytochoria

question: What is found on the southern coast of Bosnia?

text: Submediterranean climate regions

question: In what region are southern Europe's coasts found?

text: Mediterranean Region

question: Where are the arctic and subarctic climate regions in Europe found?

text: much of Southern Europe


text: The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence to anyone who took part. Tens of thousands of people from all levels of society mobilised across Europe and captured Jerusalem in 1099. One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East. These were especially brutal during the First Crusade, when the Jewish communities in Cologne, Mainz, and Worms were destroyed, and other communities in cities between the rivers Seine and Rhine suffered destruction. Another outgrowth of the crusades was the foundation of a new type of monastic order, the military orders of the Templars and Hospitallers, which fused monastic life with military service.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: crusades

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: seize

text: Jerusalem

text: from

text: Muslim

text: control

text: The

text: First

text: Crusade

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: by

text: Pope

text: Urban

text: II

text: pope

text: at

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Clermont

text: in

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: request

text: from

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Emperor

text: Alexios

text: I

text: Komnenos

text: r.

text: for

text: aid

text: against

text: further

text: Muslim

text: advances

text: Urban

text: promised

text: indulgence

text: to

text: anyone

text: who

text: took

text: part

text: Tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: people

text: from

text: all

text: levels

text: of

text: society

text: mobilised

text: across

text: Europe

text: and

text: captured

text: Jerusalem

text: in

text: One

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: crusades

text: was

text: the

text: pogroms

text: against

text: local

text: Jews

text: that

text: often

text: took

text: place

text: as

text: the

text: crusaders

text: left

text: their

text: countries

text: for

text: the

text: East

text: These

text: were

text: especially

text: brutal

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: Crusade

text: when

text: the

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: in

text: Cologne

text: Mainz

text: and

text: Worms

text: were

text: destroyed

text: and

text: other

text: communities

text: in

text: cities

text: between

text: the

text: rivers

text: Seine

text: and

text: Rhine

text: suffered

text: destruction

text: Another

text: outgrowth

text: of

text: the

text: crusades

text: was

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: type

text: of

text: monastic

text: order

text: the

text: military

text: orders

text: of

text: the

text: Templars

text: and

text: Hospitallers

text: which

text: fused

text: monastic

text: life

text: with

text: military

text: service

question: What pope launched the First crusade?

answer: Urban II

text: Urban II

question: At what gathering was the First Crusade preached?

answer: the Council of Clermont

text: the Council of Clermont

question: In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?

answer: 1095

question: What Byzantine Emperor's request for assistance led to the First Crusade?

answer: Alexios I Komnenos

text: Alexios I Komnenos

question: In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?

answer: 1099


text: The most precise timekeeping device of the ancient world was the water clock, or clepsydra, one of which was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I (1525–1504 BC). They could be used to measure the hours even at night, but required manual upkeep to replenish the flow of water. The Ancient Greeks and the people from Chaldea (southeastern Mesopotamia) regularly maintained timekeeping records as an essential part of their astronomical observations. Arab inventors and engineers in particular made improvements on the use of water clocks up to the Middle Ages. In the 11th century, Chinese inventors and engineers invented the first mechanical clocks driven by an escapement mechanism.

title: Time

title: Time

text: The

text: most

text: precise

text: timekeeping

text: device

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: was

text: the

text: water

text: clock

text: or

text: clepsydra

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: pharaoh

text: Amenhotep

text: I

text: BC

text: They

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: hours

text: even

text: at

text: night

text: but

text: required

text: manual

text: upkeep

text: to

text: replenish

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: Ancient

text: Greeks

text: and

text: the

text: people

text: from

text: Chaldea

text: southeastern

text: Mesopotamia

text: regularly

text: maintained

text: timekeeping

text: records

text: as

text: an

text: essential

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: astronomical

text: observations

text: Arab

text: inventors

text: and

text: engineers

text: in

text: particular

text: made

text: improvements

text: on

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: water

text: clocks

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Chinese

text: inventors

text: and

text: engineers

text: invented

text: the

text: first

text: mechanical

text: clocks

text: driven

text: by

text: an

text: escapement

text: mechanism

question: What was the most accurate clock-like device in the ancient world?

answer: the water clock, or clepsydra

text: the water clock, or clepsydra

question: A clepsyrda was found in the tomb of which Pharaoh?

answer: Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep

text: Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep

question: Which inventors made significant improvements on the water clock up until the Middle Ages?

answer: Arab inventors

text: Arab inventors

question: Which engineers came up with the first mechanical clocks?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: When were the first mechanical clocks created?

answer: the 11th century

text: the 11th century

question: What device was invented by the ancient Greeks?

text: the water clock

question: What mechanism was used to replenish water in a water clock?

text: escapement mechanism

question: What was another term used for a mechanical clock?

text: clepsydra

question: Why did the Chinese maintain timekeeping records in the 11th century?

question: For how long did the ancient Greeks make improvements to the water clock?

text: up to the Middle Ages

question: What was the most accurate clock=like device in Chaldea?

text: the water clock, or clepsydra

question: A clepsyrda was found in the tomb of which Greek?

text: Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep

question: which inventors made significant improvements on the water clock up until the ancient world?

text: Arab inventors

question: Which engineers came up with the first clocks?

text: Chinese

question: When were the first water clocks created?

text: the 11th century


text: Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population. While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renaissance was a result of greater opulence, more recent studies have suggested that there might have been a so-called 'depression of the Renaissance'. In spite of convincing arguments for the case, the statistical evidence is simply too incomplete for a definite conclusion to be made.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Though

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: doubt

text: that

text: the

text: demographic

text: crisis

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: caused

text: a

text: dramatic

text: fall

text: in

text: production

text: and

text: commerce

text: in

text: absolute

text: terms

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: vigorous

text: historical

text: debate

text: over

text: whether

text: the

text: decline

text: was

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: fall

text: in

text: population

text: While

text: the

text: older

text: orthodoxy

text: held

text: that

text: the

text: artistic

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: was

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: greater

text: opulence

text: more

text: recent

text: studies

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: there

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: so

text: called

text: depression

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: convincing

text: arguments

text: for

text: the

text: case

text: the

text: statistical

text: evidence

text: is

text: simply

text: too

text: incomplete

text: for

text: a

text: definite

text: conclusion

text: to

text: be

text: made

question: What caused the decrease in commerce and production in the 14th century?

answer: demographic crisis

text: demographic crisis

question: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance was a time of great opulence?

answer: depression of the Renaissance

text: depression of the Renaissance

question: What type of evidence is too incomplete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance?

answer: statistical

text: statistical

question: What is posited as the cause of increased artistic output during the Renaissance?

answer: greater opulence

text: greater opulence

question: What caused the increase in commerce and production in the 14th century?

text: demographic crisis

question: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance wasn't a time of great opulence?

text: depression of the Renaissance

question: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance was a time of no opulence?

text: 'depression of the Renaissance'

question: What type of evidence is too complete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance?

text: statistical

question: What is posited as the cause of decreased artistic output during the Renaissance?

text: greater opulence


text: Ann Arbor is part of Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented in Congress by Representative Debbie Dingell, a Democrat. On the state level, the city is part of the 18th district in the Michigan Senate, represented by Democrat Rebekah Warren. In the Michigan House of Representatives, representation is split between the 55th district (northern Ann Arbor, part of Ann Arbor Township, and other surrounding areas, represented by Democrat Adam Zemke), the 53rd district (most of downtown and the southern half of the city, represented by Democrat Jeff Irwin) and the 52nd district (southwestern areas outside Ann Arbor proper and western Washtenaw County, represented by Democrat Gretchen Driskell).

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: congressional

text: district

text: represented

text: in

text: Congress

text: by

text: Representative

text: Debbie

text: Dingell

text: a

text: Democrat

text: On

text: the

text: state

text: level

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: in

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Senate

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Rebekah

text: Warren

text: In

text: the

text: Michigan

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: representation

text: is

text: split

text: between

text: the

text: district

text: northern

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: part

text: of

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Township

text: and

text: other

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Adam

text: Zemke

text: the

text: district

text: most

text: of

text: downtown

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Jeff

text: Irwin

text: and

text: the

text: district

text: southwestern

text: areas

text: outside

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: proper

text: and

text: western

text: Washtenaw

text: County

text: represented

text: by

text: Democrat

text: Gretchen

text: Driskell

question: Who represents the congress in Ann Arbor?

answer: Debbie Dingell

text: Debbie Dingell

question: On a state level the city is part of which district number?

answer: 18th district

text: 18th district

question: Who represents the city in Michigan senate?

answer: Rebekah Warren

text: Rebekah Warren

question: What city is represented in the 21st congressional district?

text: Ann Arbor

question: What is the 35th district comprised of?

question: Who represents the 25th district?

text: Gretchen Driskell

question: Who represents the 81st district?

text: Rebekah Warren

question: Who represents the 21st district?

text: Debbie Dingell


text: In September 2003, a new type of blue LED was demonstrated by Cree that consumes 24 mW at 20 milliamperes (mA). This produced a commercially packaged white light giving 65 lm/W at 20 mA, becoming the brightest white LED commercially available at the time, and more than four times as efficient as standard incandescents. In 2006, they demonstrated a prototype with a record white LED luminous efficacy of 131 lm/W at 20 mA. Nichia Corporation has developed a white LED with luminous efficacy of 150 lm/W at a forward current of 20 mA. Cree's XLamp XM-L LEDs, commercially available in 2011, produce 100 lm/W at their full power of 10 W, and up to 160 lm/W at around 2 W input power. In 2012, Cree announced a white LED giving 254 lm/W, and 303 lm/W in March 2014. Practical general lighting needs high-power LEDs, of one watt or more. Typical operating currents for such devices begin at 350 mA.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: In

text: September

text: a

text: new

text: type

text: of

text: blue

text: LED

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: Cree

text: that

text: consumes

text: mW

text: at

text: milliamperes

text: mA

text: This

text: produced

text: a

text: commercially

text: packaged

text: white

text: light

text: giving

text: lm

text: W

text: at

text: mA

text: becoming

text: the

text: brightest

text: white

text: LED

text: commercially

text: available

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: four

text: times

text: as

text: efficient

text: as

text: standard

text: incandescents

text: In

text: they

text: demonstrated

text: a

text: prototype

text: with

text: a

text: record

text: white

text: LED

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: of

text: lm

text: W

text: at

text: mA.

text: Nichia

text: Corporation

text: has

text: developed

text: a

text: white

text: LED

text: with

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: of

text: lm

text: W

text: at

text: a

text: forward

text: current

text: of

text: mA.

text: Cree

text: 's

text: XLamp

text: XM

text: L

text: LEDs

text: commercially

text: available

text: in

text: produce

text: lm

text: W

text: at

text: their

text: full

text: power

text: of

text: W

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: lm

text: W

text: at

text: around

text: W

text: input

text: power

text: In

text: Cree

text: announced

text: a

text: white

text: LED

text: giving

text: lm

text: W

text: and

text: lm

text: W

text: in

text: March

text: Practical

text: general

text: lighting

text: needs

text: high

text: power

text: LEDs

text: of

text: one

text: watt

text: or

text: more

text: Typical

text: operating

text: currents

text: for

text: such

text: devices

text: begin

text: at

text: mA.

question: In what year was a new type of blue LED produced?

answer: 2003

question: Who demonstrated in 2003 the new type of blue LED?

answer: Cree

text: Cree

question: How much more efficient as standard incandescents was the white LED commercially available in 2003?

answer: four times

text: four times

question: What is the typical operating current for high-power LEDs?

answer: 350 mA

text: 350 mA

question: In what year was a new type of red LED produced?

question: Who demonstrated in 2003 the new type of red LED?

text: Cree

question: How much more efficient as standard incandescents was the red LED commercially available in 2003?

text: four times

question: What is the typical operating current for low-power LEDs?

text: 350 mA


text: Madonna performed at the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief concert in January 2010. In April she released her third live album, Sticky & Sweet Tour. It was her first release under Live Nation, but was distributed by Warner Bros. Madonna granted American TV show Glee the rights to her entire catalogue of music, and the producers planned an episode featuring Madonna songs exclusively. Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna, an EP containing eight cover versions of Madonna songs featured in the episode, was released afterward and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: performed

text: at

text: the

text: Hope

text: for

text: Haiti

text: Now

text: A

text: Global

text: Benefit

text: for

text: Earthquake

text: Relief

text: concert

text: in

text: January

text: In

text: April

text: she

text: released

text: her

text: third

text: live

text: album

text: Sticky

text: Sweet

text: Tour

text: It

text: was

text: her

text: first

text: release

text: under

text: Live

text: Nation

text: but

text: was

text: distributed

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Madonna

text: granted

text: American

text: TV

text: show

text: Glee

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: her

text: entire

text: catalogue

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: producers

text: planned

text: an

text: episode

text: featuring

text: Madonna

text: songs

text: exclusively

text: Glee

text: The

text: Music

text: The

text: Power

text: of

text: Madonna

text: an

text: EP

text: containing

text: eight

text: cover

text: versions

text: of

text: Madonna

text: songs

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: episode

text: was

text: released

text: afterward

text: and

text: debuted

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

question: When did Madonna perform at the Hope for Haiti Now?

answer: January 2010

text: January 2010

question: What album did Madonna released in April 2010?

answer: Sticky & Sweet Tour

text: Sticky & Sweet Tour

question: Madonna granted which TV show the rights to her entire catalog of music?

answer: Glee

text: Glee

question: What is the name of the episode of Glee that featured Madonna's songs?

answer: Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna

text: Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna


text: At present the A35 autoroute, which parallels the Rhine between Karlsruhe and Basel, and the A4 autoroute, which links Paris with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. The Grand contournement ouest (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, plans to construct a 24 km (15 mi) long highway connection between the junctions of the A4 and the A35 autoroutes in the north and of the A35 and A352 autoroutes in the south. This routes well to the west of the city and is meant to divest a significant portion of motorized traffic from the unité urbaine.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: At

text: present

text: the

text: autoroute

text: which

text: parallels

text: the

text: Rhine

text: between

text: Karlsruhe

text: and

text: Basel

text: and

text: the

text: autoroute

text: which

text: links

text: Paris

text: with

text: Strasbourg

text: penetrate

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Grand

text: contournement

text: ouest

text: GCO

text: project

text: programmed

text: since

text: plans

text: to

text: construct

text: a

text: km

text: mi

text: long

text: highway

text: connection

text: between

text: the

text: junctions

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: autoroutes

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: autoroutes

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: This

text: routes

text: well

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: is

text: meant

text: to

text: divest

text: a

text: significant

text: portion

text: of

text: motorized

text: traffic

text: from

text: the

text: unité

text: urbaine

question: What route parallels the Rhine?

answer: A35 autoroute

text: A35 autoroute

question: What year did the Grand contournement ouest project open?

answer: 1999

question: How far is the connection between junctions A4 and the A35?

answer: 24 km

text: 24 km

question: The traffic coming west of the city is from where?

answer: unité urbaine

text: unité urbaine

question: What does the A35 link Strasbourg with?

text: Paris

question: Where does the A35 link Strasbourg with?

text: Karlsruhe

question: When was the A35 autoroute built?

question: How long is the A35?

text: 24 km

question: How long is the Rhine?

text: 15 mi


text: iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track. Other operations, such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume, are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. The 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle does not have any controls on the actual player; instead it has a small control on the earphone cable, with volume-up and -down buttons and a single button for play and pause, next track, etc. The iPod Touch has no click-wheel; instead it uses a 3.5" touch screen along with a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the second and third generations of the iPod Touch) volume-up and -down buttons. The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone. Differences include a lack of a phone application. Both devices use iOS.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: iPods

text: with

text: color

text: displays

text: use

text: anti

text: aliased

text: graphics

text: and

text: text

text: with

text: sliding

text: animations

text: All

text: iPods

text: except

text: the

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Shuffle

text: the

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nano

text: and

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: have

text: five

text: buttons

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: generations

text: have

text: the

text: buttons

text: integrated

text: into

text: the

text: click

text: wheel

text: an

text: innovation

text: that

text: gives

text: an

text: uncluttered

text: minimalist

text: interface

text: The

text: buttons

text: perform

text: basic

text: functions

text: such

text: as

text: menu

text: play

text: pause

text: next

text: track

text: and

text: previous

text: track

text: Other

text: operations

text: such

text: as

text: scrolling

text: through

text: menu

text: items

text: and

text: controlling

text: the

text: volume

text: are

text: performed

text: by

text: using

text: the

text: click

text: wheel

text: in

text: a

text: rotational

text: manner

text: The

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Shuffle

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: controls

text: on

text: the

text: actual

text: player

text: instead

text: it

text: has

text: a

text: small

text: control

text: on

text: the

text: earphone

text: cable

text: with

text: volume

text: up

text: and

text: -down

text: buttons

text: and

text: a

text: single

text: button

text: for

text: play

text: and

text: pause

text: next

text: track

text: etc

text: The

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: has

text: no

text: click

text: wheel

text: instead

text: it

text: uses

text: a

text: touch

text: screen

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: home

text: button

text: sleep

text: wake

text: button

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: third

text: generations

text: of

text: the

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: volume

text: up

text: and

text: -down

text: buttons

text: The

text: user

text: interface

text: for

text: the

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: is

text: identical

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: iPhone

text: Differences

text: include

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: phone

text: application

text: Both

text: devices

text: use

text: iOS

question: How many buttons do most iPods use?

answer: five

text: five

question: On what part of newer iPods can you find the buttons?

answer: click wheel

text: click wheel

question: Where are the controls located on the 3rd gen iPod Shuffle?

answer: earphone cable

text: earphone cable

question: What kind of interface does the iPod touch use instead of the click wheel?

answer: touch screen

text: touch screen

question: What other device shares the interface used by the iPod Touch?

answer: iPhone

text: iPhone

question: Most iPods feature how many buttons?

answer: five

text: five

question: The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable?

answer: Shuffle

text: Shuffle

question: Which other Apple product does the iPod Touch share an interface and OS with?

answer: iPhone

text: iPhone


text: During the Mexican Revolution, Álvaro Obregón invited a group of Canadian German-speaking Mennonites to resettle in Mexico. By the late 1920s, some 7,000 had immigrated to Chihuahua State and Durango State, almost all from Canada, only a few from the U.S. and Russia. Today, Mexico accounts for about 42% of all Mennonites in Latin America. Mennonites in the country stand out because of their light skin, hair, and eyes. They are a largely insular community that speaks a form of German and wear traditional clothing. They own their own businesses in various communities in Chihuahua, and account for about half of the state's farm economy, excelling in cheese production.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: During

text: the

text: Mexican

text: Revolution

text: Álvaro

text: Obregón

text: invited

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Canadian

text: German

text: speaking

text: Mennonites

text: to

text: resettle

text: in

text: Mexico

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: some

text: had

text: immigrated

text: to

text: Chihuahua

text: State

text: and

text: Durango

text: State

text: almost

text: all

text: from

text: Canada

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Russia

text: Today

text: Mexico

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: all

text: Mennonites

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mennonites

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: stand

text: out

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: light

text: skin

text: hair

text: and

text: eyes

text: They

text: are

text: a

text: largely

text: insular

text: community

text: that

text: speaks

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: German

text: and

text: wear

text: traditional

text: clothing

text: They

text: own

text: their

text: own

text: businesses

text: in

text: various

text: communities

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: and

text: account

text: for

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: farm

text: economy

text: excelling

text: in

text: cheese

text: production

question: Who invited Canadians to resettle in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution?

answer: Álvaro Obregón

text: Álvaro Obregón

question: Today, Mexico accounts for what percentage of Mennonites in Latin America?

answer: 42%

question: Mennonites speak a form of which language predominantly?

answer: German

text: German

question: Which food do Mennonites excel in producing?

answer: cheese

text: cheese

question: Mennonites account for about how much of the state's farm economy?

answer: half

text: half


text: Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than actors of the more prevalent Southern European features) and light-skinned mulatto and mestizo appearance. (Pardos may achieve "white" status if they have attained the middle-class or higher social status).

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Critics

text: note

text: that

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: have

text: limited

text: media

text: visibility

text: The

text: Brazilian

text: media

text: has

text: been

text: accused

text: of

text: hiding

text: or

text: overlooking

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: Black

text: Indigenous

text: Multiracial

text: and

text: East

text: Asian

text: populations

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: telenovelas

text: or

text: soaps

text: are

text: criticized

text: for

text: featuring

text: actors

text: who

text: resemble

text: northern

text: Europeans

text: rather

text: than

text: actors

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: prevalent

text: Southern

text: European

text: features

text: and

text: light

text: skinned

text: mulatto

text: and

text: mestizo

text: appearance

text: Pardos

text: may

text: achieve

text: white

text: status

text: if

text: they

text: have

text: attained

text: the

text: middle

text: class

text: or

text: higher

text: social

text: status

question: What do critics claim people of color have?

answer: limited media visibility

text: limited media visibility

question: What has the Brazilian media been accused of?

answer: hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations.

text: hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations.

question: What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil?

answer: northern Europeans

text: northern Europeans

question: What is another word for "Light Skinned"

answer: mulatto

text: mulatto


text: After World War II, Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish immigration limits, as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels. The Haganah joined Irgun and Lehi in an armed struggle against British rule. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of Jewish Holocaust survivors and refugees sought a new life far from their destroyed communities in Europe. The Yishuv attempted to bring these refugees to Palestine but many were turned away or rounded up and placed in detention camps in Atlit and Cyprus by the British. Escalating violence culminated with the 1946 King David Hotel bombing which Bruce Hoffman characterized as one of the "most lethal terrorist incidents of the twentieth century". In 1947, the British government announced it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine, stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Britain

text: found

text: itself

text: in

text: intense

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: Jewish

text: community

text: over

text: Jewish

text: immigration

text: limits

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: continued

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: Arab

text: community

text: over

text: limit

text: levels

text: The

text: Haganah

text: joined

text: Irgun

text: and

text: Lehi

text: in

text: an

text: armed

text: struggle

text: against

text: British

text: rule

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Holocaust

text: survivors

text: and

text: refugees

text: sought

text: a

text: new

text: life

text: far

text: from

text: their

text: destroyed

text: communities

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Yishuv

text: attempted

text: to

text: bring

text: these

text: refugees

text: to

text: Palestine

text: but

text: many

text: were

text: turned

text: away

text: or

text: rounded

text: up

text: and

text: placed

text: in

text: detention

text: camps

text: in

text: Atlit

text: and

text: Cyprus

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Escalating

text: violence

text: culminated

text: with

text: the

text: King

text: David

text: Hotel

text: bombing

text: which

text: Bruce

text: Hoffman

text: characterized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: lethal

text: terrorist

text: incidents

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: announced

text: it

text: would

text: withdraw

text: from

text: Mandatory

text: Palestine

text: stating

text: it

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: arrive

text: at

text: a

text: solution

text: acceptable

text: to

text: both

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Jews

question: What country experienced conflict with the Jewish community after World War II?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: When was the King David Hotel bombing?

answer: 1946

question: When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine?

answer: 1947


text: Alexis de Tocqueville described the French Revolution as the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment. These men of letters constituted a sort of "substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power". This illusory power came from the rise of "public opinion", born when absolutist centralization removed the nobility and the bourgeoisie from the political sphere. The "literary politics" that resulted promoted a discourse of equality and was hence in fundamental opposition to the monarchical regime. De Tocqueville "clearly designates ... the cultural effects of transformation in the forms of the exercise of power". Nevertheless, it took another century before cultural approach became central to the historiography, as typified by Robert Darnton, The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775–1800 (1979).

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Alexis

text: de

text: Tocqueville

text: described

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: as

text: the

text: inevitable

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: radical

text: opposition

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: monarchy

text: and

text: the

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: These

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: constituted

text: a

text: sort

text: of

text: substitute

text: aristocracy

text: that

text: was

text: both

text: all

text: powerful

text: and

text: without

text: real

text: power

text: This

text: illusory

text: power

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: public

text: opinion

text: born

text: when

text: absolutist

text: centralization

text: removed

text: the

text: nobility

text: and

text: the

text: bourgeoisie

text: from

text: the

text: political

text: sphere

text: The

text: literary

text: politics

text: that

text: resulted

text: promoted

text: a

text: discourse

text: of

text: equality

text: and

text: was

text: hence

text: in

text: fundamental

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: monarchical

text: regime

text: De

text: Tocqueville

text: clearly

text: designates

text: the

text: cultural

text: effects

text: of

text: transformation

text: in

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: power

text: Nevertheless

text: it

text: took

text: another

text: century

text: before

text: cultural

text: approach

text: became

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: historiography

text: as

text: typified

text: by

text: Robert

text: Darnton

text: The

text: Business

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: A

text: Publishing

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Encyclopédie

question: How did Alexis de Tocqueville describe the French Revolution?

answer: the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment

text: the inevitable result of the radical opposition created in the 18th century between the monarchy and the men of letters of the Enlightenment

question: Which group was considered "a substitute aristocracy that was both all-powerful and without real power" according to Tocqueville?

answer: men of letters

text: men of letters

question: From where did Tocqueville believe the illusory power of the men of letters came from?

answer: the rise of "public opinion"

text: the rise of "public opinion"


text: Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-numbered and five in odd-numbered years). Two council members are elected from each of the city's five wards. The mayor is elected citywide. The mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council and has the power to appoint all Council committee members as well as board and commission members, with the approval of the City Council. The current mayor of Ann Arbor is Christopher Taylor, a Democrat who was elected as mayor in 2014. Day-to-day city operations are managed by a city administrator chosen by the city council.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: has

text: a

text: council

text: manager

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: The

text: City

text: Council

text: has

text: voting

text: members

text: the

text: mayor

text: and

text: city

text: council

text: members

text: The

text: mayor

text: and

text: city

text: council

text: members

text: serve

text: two

text: year

text: terms

text: the

text: mayor

text: is

text: elected

text: every

text: even

text: numbered

text: year

text: while

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: council

text: members

text: are

text: up

text: for

text: election

text: annually

text: five

text: in

text: even

text: numbered

text: and

text: five

text: in

text: odd

text: numbered

text: years

text: Two

text: council

text: members

text: are

text: elected

text: from

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: five

text: wards

text: The

text: mayor

text: is

text: elected

text: citywide

text: The

text: mayor

text: is

text: the

text: presiding

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: appoint

text: all

text: Council

text: committee

text: members

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: board

text: and

text: commission

text: members

text: with

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: The

text: current

text: mayor

text: of

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: is

text: Christopher

text: Taylor

text: a

text: Democrat

text: who

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: mayor

text: in

text: Day

text: to

text: day

text: city

text: operations

text: are

text: managed

text: by

text: a

text: city

text: administrator

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: council

question: What form of government does Ann Arbor have?

answer: council-manager

text: council-manager

question: How many voting members are there in the city- council?

answer: 11

question: How many terms does the mayor of the city serve?

answer: two-year

text: two-year

question: Who is elected every even numbered year?

answer: mayor

text: mayor

question: How many council members are elected for the city's ward?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: Who is the current Republican mayor of Ann Arbor?

text: Christopher Taylor

question: What administrator manages day to day operations and is chosen by the mayor?

text: city administrator

question: Who was chosen mayor in the last odd numbered year?

text: Christopher Taylor


text: Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacBook Air. The Air has been the best-selling ultra-portable in certain countries over Windows Ultrabooks, particularly the United States. While several Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was regarded by reviewers as the best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable in regard to "OS X experience, full keyboard, superior trackpad, Thunderbolt connector and the higher-quality, all-aluminum unibody construction". The Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years. Through July 1, 2013, the MacBook Air took in 56 percent of all Ultrabook sales in the United States, although being one of the higher-priced competitors, though several Ultrabooks with better features were often more expensive than the MacBook Air. The competitive pricing of MacBooks was particularly effective when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks, as this contradicted the established "elitist aura" perception that Apple products cost more but were higher quality, which made these most expensive Ultrabooks seem exorbitant no matter how valid their higher prices were.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Although

text: the

text: PC

text: market

text: declined

text: Apple

text: still

text: managed

text: to

text: ship

text: million

text: MacBooks

text: in

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: compared

text: to

text: total

text: Ultrabooks

text: although

text: there

text: were

text: dozens

text: of

text: Ultrabooks

text: from

text: various

text: manufacturers

text: on

text: the

text: market

text: while

text: Apple

text: only

text: offered

text: and

text: models

text: of

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: The

text: Air

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: ultra

text: portable

text: in

text: certain

text: countries

text: over

text: Windows

text: Ultrabooks

text: particularly

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: While

text: several

text: Ultrabooks

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: claim

text: individual

text: distinctions

text: such

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: lightest

text: or

text: thinnest

text: the

text: Air

text: was

text: regarded

text: by

text: reviewers

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: all

text: around

text: subnotebook

text: ultraportable

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: OS

text: X

text: experience

text: full

text: keyboard

text: superior

text: trackpad

text: Thunderbolt

text: connector

text: and

text: the

text: higher

text: quality

text: all

text: aluminum

text: unibody

text: construction

text: The

text: Air

text: was

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: receive

text: Intel

text: 's

text: latest

text: CPUs

text: before

text: other

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: OS

text: X

text: has

text: gained

text: market

text: share

text: on

text: Windows

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: Through

text: July

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: took

text: in

text: percent

text: of

text: all

text: Ultrabook

text: sales

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: although

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: priced

text: competitors

text: though

text: several

text: Ultrabooks

text: with

text: better

text: features

text: were

text: often

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: The

text: competitive

text: pricing

text: of

text: MacBooks

text: was

text: particularly

text: effective

text: when

text: rivals

text: charged

text: more

text: for

text: seemingly

text: equivalent

text: Ultrabooks

text: as

text: this

text: contradicted

text: the

text: established

text: elitist

text: aura

text: perception

text: that

text: Apple

text: products

text: cost

text: more

text: but

text: were

text: higher

text: quality

text: which

text: made

text: these

text: most

text: expensive

text: Ultrabooks

text: seem

text: exorbitant

text: no

text: matter

text: how

text: valid

text: their

text: higher

text: prices

text: were

question: What has been the best-selling ultra-portable over Windows Ultrabooks in the U.S.?

answer: MacBook Air

text: MacBook Air

question: What earned the title as best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable?

answer: MacBook Air

text: MacBook Air

question: What did the Air receive before other PC manufacturers?

answer: Intel's latest CPUs

text: Intel's latest CPUs

question: Through 7/1/13, what percentage of all Ultrabook sales in the U.S. were MacBook Airs?

answer: 56

question: When was the competetive pricing of MacBooks especially effective?

answer: when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks

text: when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks

question: What has been the best-selling ultra-portable over Windows Ultrabooks in the U.K.?

text: MacBook Air

question: What earned the title as worst all-around subnotebook/ultraportable?

text: MacBook Air

question: What did the Air receive before other Mac manufacturers?

text: Intel's latest CPUs

question: Through 7/1/14, what percentage of all Ultrabook sales in the U.S. were MacBook Airs?

question: When was the competetive pricing of MacBooks especially ineffective?


text: London is a major global centre of higher education teaching and research and its 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe. According to the QS World University Rankings 2015/16, London has the greatest concentration of top class universities in the world and the international student population around 110,000 which is also more than any other city in the world. A 2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers report termed London as the global capital of higher education

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: global

text: centre

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: teaching

text: and

text: research

text: and

text: its

text: universities

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: concentration

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: institutes

text: in

text: Europe

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: QS

text: World

text: University

text: Rankings

text: London

text: has

text: the

text: greatest

text: concentration

text: of

text: top

text: class

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: international

text: student

text: population

text: around

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: A

text: PricewaterhouseCoopers

text: report

text: termed

text: London

text: as

text: the

text: global

text: capital

text: of

text: higher

text: education

question: What professional services network named London the world's capital of higher education?

answer: PricewaterhouseCoopers

text: PricewaterhouseCoopers

question: London has the highest concentration of higher education institutions in Europe with how many universities?

answer: 43

question: What is the approximate number of international students studying in London?

answer: 110,000


text: The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians on the heavily populated island, did not resist on the beaches—their strategy was to maximize the number of soldier and Marine casualties, and naval losses from Kamikaze attacks. After an intense bombardment the Americans landed on 1 April 1945 and declared victory on 21 June. The supporting naval forces were the targets for 4,000 sorties, many by Kamikaze suicide planes. U.S. losses totaled 38 ships of all types sunk and 368 damaged with 4,900 sailors killed. The Americans suffered 75,000 casualties on the ground; 94% of the Japanese soldiers died along with many civilians.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: largest

text: and

text: bloodiest

text: American

text: battle

text: came

text: at

text: Okinawa

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: sought

text: airbases

text: for

text: bombers

text: and

text: squadrons

text: of

text: bombers

text: for

text: the

text: intense

text: bombardment

text: of

text: Japan

text: 's

text: home

text: islands

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: invasion

text: in

text: late

text: The

text: Japanese

text: with

text: troops

text: augmented

text: by

text: thousands

text: of

text: civilians

text: on

text: the

text: heavily

text: populated

text: island

text: did

text: not

text: resist

text: on

text: the

text: beaches

text: their

text: strategy

text: was

text: to

text: maximize

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: soldier

text: and

text: Marine

text: casualties

text: and

text: naval

text: losses

text: from

text: Kamikaze

text: attacks

text: After

text: an

text: intense

text: bombardment

text: the

text: Americans

text: landed

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: declared

text: victory

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: supporting

text: naval

text: forces

text: were

text: the

text: targets

text: for

text: sorties

text: many

text: by

text: Kamikaze

text: suicide

text: planes

text: U.S.

text: losses

text: totaled

text: ships

text: of

text: all

text: types

text: sunk

text: and

text: damaged

text: with

text: sailors

text: killed

text: The

text: Americans

text: suffered

text: casualties

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: soldiers

text: died

text: along

text: with

text: many

text: civilians

question: How many B-29 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa?

answer: 3,000

question: How many squadrons of B=17 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa?

answer: 240

question: How many Japanese troops were on Okinawa?

answer: 115,000

question: When did the United States land forces on Okinawa?

answer: 1 April 1945

text: 1 April 1945

question: How many U.S. ships were lost at Okinawa?

answer: 38


text: Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: has

text: started

text: to

text: show

text: some

text: economic

text: advances

text: after

text: a

text: pact

text: of

text: stability

text: was

text: signed

text: by

text: the

text: main

text: political

text: parties

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: leading

text: to

text: an

text: IMF

text: backed

text: structural

text: reform

text: program

text: The

text: key

text: challenges

text: for

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: ahead

text: are

text: to

text: achieve

text: fiscal

text: discipline

text: rebuild

text: public

text: administration

text: improve

text: the

text: economic

text: climate

text: for

text: private

text: investment

text: and

text: promote

text: economic

text: diversification

text: After

text: the

text: country

text: became

text: independent

text: from

text: Portugal

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Colonial

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Carnation

text: Revolution

text: the

text: rapid

text: exodus

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: civilian

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: authorities

text: resulted

text: in

text: considerable

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economic

text: infrastructure

text: social

text: order

text: and

text: standard

text: of

text: living

question: What did the main political parties sign to help the economy?

answer: a pact of stability

text: a pact of stability

question: What organization backed a structural reform program?

answer: IMF

text: IMF

question: When did Guinea-Bissau become independent?

answer: 1974

question: What country left Guinea-Bissau in 1974?

answer: Portugal

text: Portugal

question: What happened in Portugal that contributed to Guinea-Bissau's independence?

answer: the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution

text: the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution


text: Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this application is that it can organize photos into groups according to various criteria. Notable categorizations are colors, ages, or facial expressions of the people in the photos. Slideshows can be viewed with the application, along with music and playlists. The software was updated with the release of system software version 3.40 allowing users to upload and browse photos on Facebook and Picasa.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Photo

text: Gallery

text: is

text: an

text: optional

text: application

text: to

text: view

text: create

text: and

text: group

text: photos

text: from

text: which

text: is

text: installed

text: separately

text: from

text: the

text: system

text: software

text: at

text: MB

text: It

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: system

text: software

text: version

text: and

text: provides

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: tools

text: for

text: sorting

text: through

text: and

text: displaying

text: the

text: system

text: 's

text: pictures

text: The

text: key

text: feature

text: of

text: this

text: application

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: organize

text: photos

text: into

text: groups

text: according

text: to

text: various

text: criteria

text: Notable

text: categorizations

text: are

text: colors

text: ages

text: or

text: facial

text: expressions

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: photos

text: Slideshows

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: with

text: the

text: application

text: along

text: with

text: music

text: and

text: playlists

text: The

text: software

text: was

text: updated

text: with

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: system

text: software

text: version

text: allowing

text: users

text: to

text: upload

text: and

text: browse

text: photos

text: on

text: Facebook

text: and

text: Picasa

question: What application lets PS3 users view and organize photographs?

answer: Photo Gallery

text: Photo Gallery

question: What version of PS3 contained Photo Gallery?

answer: 2.60

question: After version 3.4, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site?

answer: Facebook

text: Facebook

question: Is Photo Gallery automatically or separately installed?

answer: separately

text: separately

question: Photo Gallery includes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software?

answer: facial expressions

text: facial expressions

question: What allows you to view photos on PS4?

text: Photo Gallery

question: Photo Gallery takes up 150 what?

text: MB

question: What application was introduced in software version 1.60?

text: Photo Gallery

question: What version allows users to upload photos on Snapchat?

question: What application lets PS3 users view and disorganize photographs?

text: Photo Gallery

question: What version of PS2 contained Photo Gallery?

question: After version 4.30, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site?

text: Facebook

question: Is Video Gallery automatically or separately installed?

text: separately

question: Photo Gallery excludes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software?

text: facial expressions


text: Japan conscripted many soldiers from its colonies of Korea and Formosa (Taiwan). To a small extent, some Vichy French, Indian National Army, and Burmese National Army forces were active in the area of the Pacific War. Collaborationist units from Hong Kong (reformed ex-colonial police), Philippines, Dutch East Indies (the PETA) and Dutch Guinea, British Malaya and British Borneo, Inner Mongolia and former French Indochina (after the overthrow of Vichy French regime) as well as Timorese militia also assisted Japanese war efforts.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Japan

text: conscripted

text: many

text: soldiers

text: from

text: its

text: colonies

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: Formosa

text: Taiwan

text: To

text: a

text: small

text: extent

text: some

text: Vichy

text: French

text: Indian

text: National

text: Army

text: and

text: Burmese

text: National

text: Army

text: forces

text: were

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: War

text: Collaborationist

text: units

text: from

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: reformed

text: ex

text: colonial

text: police

text: Philippines

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indies

text: the

text: PETA

text: and

text: Dutch

text: Guinea

text: British

text: Malaya

text: and

text: British

text: Borneo

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: and

text: former

text: French

text: Indochina

text: after

text: the

text: overthrow

text: of

text: Vichy

text: French

text: regime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Timorese

text: militia

text: also

text: assisted

text: Japanese

text: war

text: efforts

question: Where did many of Japan's soldiers come from?

answer: Korea and Formosa

text: Korea and Formosa

question: What type of soldiers came from Hong Kong?

answer: Collaborationist units

text: Collaborationist units

question: What other Asian country, a group of islands, helped the Japanese?

answer: Philippines

text: Philippines

question: What colonies did Japan conscript soldiers from?

answer: Korea and Formosa

text: Korea and Formosa

question: What French forces assisted Japan?

answer: Vichy

text: Vichy

question: Who were the collaborators assisting Japan in Hong King?

answer: ex-colonial police

text: ex-colonial police


text: In some jurisdictions, copyright or the right to enforce it can be contractually assigned to a third party which did not have a role in producing the work. When this outsourced litigator appears to have no intention of taking any copyright infringement cases to trial, but rather only takes them just far enough through the legal system to identify and exact settlements from suspected infringers, critics commonly refer to the party as a "copyright troll." Such practices have had mixed results in the U.S.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: copyright

text: or

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: enforce

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: contractually

text: assigned

text: to

text: a

text: third

text: party

text: which

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: producing

text: the

text: work

text: When

text: this

text: outsourced

text: litigator

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: no

text: intention

text: of

text: taking

text: any

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: cases

text: to

text: trial

text: but

text: rather

text: only

text: takes

text: them

text: just

text: far

text: enough

text: through

text: the

text: legal

text: system

text: to

text: identify

text: and

text: exact

text: settlements

text: from

text: suspected

text: infringers

text: critics

text: commonly

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: party

text: as

text: a

text: copyright

text: troll

text: Such

text: practices

text: have

text: had

text: mixed

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

question: Who can be assigned a contract to enforce a copyright in some jurisdictions?

answer: third party

text: third party

question: What do outside lawyers take infringers to court for?

answer: to identify and exact settlements

text: to identify and exact settlements

question: What do critics usually call these lawyers?

answer: copyright troll

text: copyright troll

question: What do these lawsuits have in the U.S.?

answer: mixed results

text: mixed results

question: Who can't be assigned a contract to enforce a copyright in some jurisdictions?

text: third party

question: Who can be assigned a contract to enforce a copyright in all jurisdictions?

text: third party

question: What do inside lawyers take infringers to court for?

text: to identify and exact settlements

question: What do critics never call these lawyers?

text: copyright troll

question: What don't these lawsuits have in the U.S.?

text: mixed results