text: House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Early house music commercial success in Europe saw songs such as "Pump Up The Volume" by MARRS (1987), "House Nation" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987), "Theme from S'Express" by S'Express (1988) and "Doctorin' the House" by Coldcut (1988) in the pop charts. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: House

text: music

text: is

text: a

text: genre

text: of

text: electronic

text: dance

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: Chicago

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: It

text: was

text: initially

text: popularized

text: in

text: Chicago

text: circa

text: House

text: music

text: quickly

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: American

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Detroit

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: Newark

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: developed

text: their

text: own

text: regional

text: scenes

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: house

text: music

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: Europe

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: major

text: cities

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Australia

text: Early

text: house

text: music

text: commercial

text: success

text: in

text: Europe

text: saw

text: songs

text: such

text: as

text: Pump

text: Up

text: The

text: Volume

text: by

text: MARRS

text: House

text: Nation

text: by

text: House

text: Master

text: Boyz

text: and

text: the

text: Rude

text: Boy

text: of

text: House

text: Theme

text: from

text: S'Express

text: by

text: S'Express

text: and

text: Doctorin

text: the

text: House

text: by

text: Coldcut

text: in

text: the

text: pop

text: charts

text: Since

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: house

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: infused

text: in

text: mainstream

text: pop

text: and

text: dance

text: music

text: worldwide

question: What city did House music originate from?

answer: Chicago

text: Chicago

question: What decade did House music first develop?

answer: 1980s

question: What year was House music first popularized?

answer: 1984

question: What genre does House music fall into?

answer: electronic dance music

text: electronic dance music

question: What song by MARRS was an early House hit in 1987?

answer: "Pump Up The Volume"

text: "Pump Up The Volume"

question: What city did Boyz music originate from?

text: Chicago

question: What decade did Boyz music first develop?

question: What year was Boyz music first popularized?

question: What genre does Boyz music fall into?

text: electronic dance music

question: What song by MARRS was an early Boyz hit in 1987?

text: "Pump Up The Volume"


text: The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies groups in their own right.a[›] To explore groups, mathematicians have devised various notions to break groups into smaller, better-understandable pieces, such as subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups. In addition to their abstract properties, group theorists also study the different ways in which a group can be expressed concretely (its group representations), both from a theoretical and a computational point of view. A theory has been developed for finite groups, which culminated with the classification of finite simple groups announced in 1983.aa[›] Since the mid-1980s, geometric group theory, which studies finitely generated groups as geometric objects, has become a particularly active area in group theory.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: arose

text: from

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: polynomial

text: equations

text: starting

text: with

text: Évariste

text: Galois

text: in

text: the

text: After

text: contributions

text: from

text: other

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: number

text: theory

text: and

text: geometry

text: the

text: group

text: notion

text: was

text: generalized

text: and

text: firmly

text: established

text: around

text: Modern

text: group

text: theory

text: an

text: active

text: mathematical

text: discipline

text: studies

text: groups

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: right.a[›

text: To

text: explore

text: groups

text: mathematicians

text: have

text: devised

text: various

text: notions

text: to

text: break

text: groups

text: into

text: smaller

text: better

text: understandable

text: pieces

text: such

text: as

text: subgroups

text: quotient

text: groups

text: and

text: simple

text: groups

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: their

text: abstract

text: properties

text: group

text: theorists

text: also

text: study

text: the

text: different

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: group

text: can

text: be

text: expressed

text: concretely

text: its

text: group

text: representations

text: both

text: from

text: a

text: theoretical

text: and

text: a

text: computational

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: A

text: theory

text: has

text: been

text: developed

text: for

text: finite

text: groups

text: which

text: culminated

text: with

text: the

text: classification

text: of

text: finite

text: simple

text: groups

text: announced

text: in

text: Since

text: the

text: geometric

text: group

text: theory

text: which

text: studies

text: finitely

text: generated

text: groups

text: as

text: geometric

text: objects

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: particularly

text: active

text: area

text: in

text: group

text: theory

question: Where did the idea of a group come from?

answer: the study of polynomial equations,

text: the study of polynomial equations,

question: When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled?

answer: 1870

question: What are smaller and easier to understand groups broken down into?

answer: subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups.

text: subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups.

question: When was announcement for the classification of finite simple groups?

answer: 1983

question: Who generalized group notion in 1870?

text: Évariste Galois

question: What year did mathematicians begin studying groups in their own right?

question: What are the two subgroups?

text: quotient groups and simple groups

question: When did theorists begin exploring the theoretical and computational point of view?

question: When did the geometric group theory become less active?

text: the mid-1980s


text: The BBC is also renowned for its production of costume dramas, such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and contemporary social dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff and Our Friends in the North. The BBC has come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies, and indeed is legally required to source 25% of its output from such companies by the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programmes have also been imported mainly from English-speaking countries: notable—though no longer shown—examples include The Simpsons from the United States and Neighbours from Australia. Because of the availability of programmes in English, few programmes need use sub-titles or dubbing unlike much European television.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: The

text: BBC

text: is

text: also

text: renowned

text: for

text: its

text: production

text: of

text: costume

text: dramas

text: such

text: as

text: Jane

text: Austen

text: 's

text: Pride

text: and

text: Prejudice

text: and

text: contemporary

text: social

text: dramas

text: such

text: as

text: Boys

text: from

text: the

text: Blackstuff

text: and

text: Our

text: Friends

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: The

text: BBC

text: has

text: come

text: under

text: pressure

text: to

text: commission

text: more

text: programmes

text: from

text: independent

text: British

text: production

text: companies

text: and

text: indeed

text: is

text: legally

text: required

text: to

text: source

text: of

text: its

text: output

text: from

text: such

text: companies

text: by

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Broadcasting

text: Act

text: Programmes

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: imported

text: mainly

text: from

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: notable

text: though

text: no

text: longer

text: shown

text: examples

text: include

text: The

text: Simpsons

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Neighbours

text: from

text: Australia

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: programmes

text: in

text: English

text: few

text: programmes

text: need

text: use

text: sub

text: titles

text: or

text: dubbing

text: unlike

text: much

text: European

text: television

question: How much of its programming must the BBC obtain from other content producers?

answer: 25%

question: What is a popular American show that was shown on the BBC?

answer: The Simpsons

text: The Simpsons

question: What is a television show from Australia that was shown on the BBC?

answer: Neighbours

text: Neighbours

question: What programs have been imported from English speaking countries and are currently shown?

question: Based on the Independent Broadcasting Act, how much output is required to be from independent British production companies?

question: What year was the Independent Broadcasting Act written?


text: In their theoretical rules, the Cubist architects expressed the requirement of dynamism, which would surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer. This should be achieved by shapes derived from pyramids, cubes and prisms, by arrangements and compositions of oblique surfaces, mainly triangular, sculpted facades in protruding crystal-like units, reminiscent of the so-called diamond cut, or even cavernous that are reminiscent of the late Gothic architecture. In this way, the entire surfaces of the facades including even the gables and dormers are sculpted. The grilles as well as other architectural ornaments attain a three-dimensional form. Thus, new forms of windows and doors were also created, e. g. hexagonal windows. Czech Cubist architects also designed Cubist furniture.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: In

text: their

text: theoretical

text: rules

text: the

text: Cubist

text: architects

text: expressed

text: the

text: requirement

text: of

text: dynamism

text: which

text: would

text: surmount

text: the

text: matter

text: and

text: calm

text: contained

text: in

text: it

text: through

text: a

text: creative

text: idea

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: result

text: would

text: evoke

text: feelings

text: of

text: dynamism

text: and

text: expressive

text: plasticity

text: in

text: the

text: viewer

text: This

text: should

text: be

text: achieved

text: by

text: shapes

text: derived

text: from

text: pyramids

text: cubes

text: and

text: prisms

text: by

text: arrangements

text: and

text: compositions

text: of

text: oblique

text: surfaces

text: mainly

text: triangular

text: sculpted

text: facades

text: in

text: protruding

text: crystal

text: like

text: units

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: diamond

text: cut

text: or

text: even

text: cavernous

text: that

text: are

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: the

text: entire

text: surfaces

text: of

text: the

text: facades

text: including

text: even

text: the

text: gables

text: and

text: dormers

text: are

text: sculpted

text: The

text: grilles

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: architectural

text: ornaments

text: attain

text: a

text: three

text: dimensional

text: form

text: Thus

text: new

text: forms

text: of

text: windows

text: and

text: doors

text: were

text: also

text: created

text: e.

text: g.

text: hexagonal

text: windows

text: Czech

text: Cubist

text: architects

text: also

text: designed

text: Cubist

text: furniture

question: What was the essential piece Cubist architects explained in their theoretical rules?

answer: dynamism

text: dynamism

question: What's  window shapes di Czech Cubist architects use?

answer: hexagonal

text: hexagonal

question: What feelings should Cubist architecture evoke in viewer?

answer: dynamism and expressive plasticity

text: dynamism and expressive plasticity

question: What was the essential piece Cubist architects explained in their non-theoretical rules?

text: dynamism

question: What's window shapes di Czech Cubist architects not use?

text: hexagonal

question: What feelings should Cubist architecture not evoke in viewer?

text: dynamism and expressive

question: What type of doors were not used?

text: three-dimensional


text: Some wrestlers may have their own specific "mini me", like Mascarita Sagrada, Alebrije has Quije, etc. There are also cases in which midgets can become valets for a wrestler, and even get physically involved in matches, like Alushe, who often accompanies Tinieblas, or KeMonito, who is portrayed as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's mascot and is also a valet for Mistico. Dave Finlay was often aided in his matches by a midget known mainly as Hornswoggle while in WWE, who hid under the ring and gave a shillelagh to Finlay to use on his opponent. Finlay also occasionally threw him at his opponent(s). Hornswoggle has also been given a run with the Cruiserweight Championship and feuded with D-Generation X in 2009.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Some

text: wrestlers

text: may

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: specific

text: mini

text: me

text: like

text: Mascarita

text: Sagrada

text: Alebrije

text: has

text: Quije

text: etc

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: cases

text: in

text: which

text: midgets

text: can

text: become

text: valets

text: for

text: a

text: wrestler

text: and

text: even

text: get

text: physically

text: involved

text: in

text: matches

text: like

text: Alushe

text: who

text: often

text: accompanies

text: Tinieblas

text: or

text: KeMonito

text: who

text: is

text: portrayed

text: as

text: Consejo

text: Mundial

text: de

text: Lucha

text: Libre

text: 's

text: mascot

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: valet

text: for

text: Mistico

text: Dave

text: Finlay

text: was

text: often

text: aided

text: in

text: his

text: matches

text: by

text: a

text: midget

text: known

text: mainly

text: as

text: Hornswoggle

text: while

text: in

text: WWE

text: who

text: hid

text: under

text: the

text: ring

text: and

text: gave

text: a

text: shillelagh

text: to

text: Finlay

text: to

text: use

text: on

text: his

text: opponent

text: Finlay

text: also

text: occasionally

text: threw

text: him

text: at

text: his

text: opponent(s

text: Hornswoggle

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: given

text: a

text: run

text: with

text: the

text: Cruiserweight

text: Championship

text: and

text: feuded

text: with

text: D

text: Generation

text: X

text: in

question: A wrestler may have a small person called what?

answer: mini me

text: mini me

question: What else can a little person do in the match?

answer: become valets

text: become valets

question: Who was Dave Finlay often helped by?

answer: Hornswoggle

text: Hornswoggle

question: What else did Finlay do with his little person?

answer: occasionally threw him at his opponent(s

text: occasionally threw him at his opponent(s

question: What happened to Hornswoggle?

answer: given a run with the Cruiserweight Championship

text: given a run with the Cruiserweight Championship


text: After the Civil War, population expansion, railroad construction, and the disappearance of the buffalo herds heightened military tensions on the Great Plains. Several tribes, especially the Sioux and Comanche, fiercely resisted confinement to reservations. The main role of the Army was to keep indigenous peoples on reservations and to end their wars against settlers and each other, William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan were in charge. A famous victory for the Plains Nations was the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, when Col. George Armstrong Custer and two hundred plus members of the 7th Cavalry were killed by a force consisting of Native Americans from the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho nations. The last significant conflict came in 1891.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: After

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: population

text: expansion

text: railroad

text: construction

text: and

text: the

text: disappearance

text: of

text: the

text: buffalo

text: herds

text: heightened

text: military

text: tensions

text: on

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: Several

text: tribes

text: especially

text: the

text: Sioux

text: and

text: Comanche

text: fiercely

text: resisted

text: confinement

text: to

text: reservations

text: The

text: main

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: was

text: to

text: keep

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: on

text: reservations

text: and

text: to

text: end

text: their

text: wars

text: against

text: settlers

text: and

text: each

text: other

text: William

text: Tecumseh

text: Sherman

text: and

text: Philip

text: Sheridan

text: were

text: in

text: charge

text: A

text: famous

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: Plains

text: Nations

text: was

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Little

text: Big

text: Horn

text: in

text: when

text: Col

text: George

text: Armstrong

text: Custer

text: and

text: two

text: hundred

text: plus

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Cavalry

text: were

text: killed

text: by

text: a

text: force

text: consisting

text: of

text: Native

text: Americans

text: from

text: the

text: Lakota

text: Northern

text: Cheyenne

text: and

text: Arapaho

text: nations

text: The

text: last

text: significant

text: conflict

text: came

text: in

question: What two tribes particularly resisted being confined to reservations?

answer: the Sioux and Comanche

text: the Sioux and Comanche

question: What caused a spike in difficulties between settlers and indigenous peoples on the western plains after the Civil War?

answer: population expansion, railroad construction, and the disappearance of the buffalo herds

text: population expansion, railroad construction, and the disappearance of the buffalo herds

question: Who were two of the military leaders tasked with overseeing American policy of putting Indians on reservations?

answer: William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan

text: William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan

question: When was the Battle of Little Big Horn fought?

answer: 1876

question: What US officer led the troops who were destroyed at Little Big Horn?

answer: Col. George Armstrong Custer

text: Col. George Armstrong Custer

question: What two tribes particularly resisted being not confined to reservations?

text: Sioux and Comanche

question: What caused a spike in difficulties between settlers and indigenous peoples on the eastern plains after the Civil War?

question: Who were two of the military leaders tasked with overseeing African policy of putting Indians on reservations?

question: When was the Battle of Big Little Horn fought?

question: hat US officer led the troops who were destroyed at Big Little Horn?

text: Col. George Armstrong Custer


text: On 11 April 2006, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the American singing contest television show American Idol. Each contestant was required to sing a Queen song during that week of the competition. Songs which appeared on the show included "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "The Show Must Go On", "Who Wants to Live Forever", and "Innuendo". Brian May later criticised the show for editing specific scenes, one of which made the group's time with contestant Ace Young look negative, despite it being the opposite. Taylor and May again appeared on the American Idol season 8 finale in May 2009, performing "We Are the Champions" with finalists Adam Lambert and Kris Allen. On 15 November 2009, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the singing contest television show X Factor in the UK.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: On

text: April

text: Brian

text: May

text: and

text: Roger

text: Taylor

text: appeared

text: on

text: the

text: American

text: singing

text: contest

text: television

text: show

text: American

text: Idol

text: Each

text: contestant

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: sing

text: a

text: Queen

text: song

text: during

text: that

text: week

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: Songs

text: which

text: appeared

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: included

text: Bohemian

text: Rhapsody

text: Fat

text: Bottomed

text: Girls

text: The

text: Show

text: Must

text: Go

text: On

text: Who

text: Wants

text: to

text: Live

text: Forever

text: and

text: Innuendo

text: Brian

text: May

text: later

text: criticised

text: the

text: show

text: for

text: editing

text: specific

text: scenes

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: made

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: time

text: with

text: contestant

text: Ace

text: Young

text: look

text: negative

text: despite

text: it

text: being

text: the

text: opposite

text: Taylor

text: and

text: May

text: again

text: appeared

text: on

text: the

text: American

text: Idol

text: season

text: finale

text: in

text: May

text: performing

text: We

text: Are

text: the

text: Champions

text: with

text: finalists

text: Adam

text: Lambert

text: and

text: Kris

text: Allen

text: On

text: November

text: Brian

text: May

text: and

text: Roger

text: Taylor

text: appeared

text: on

text: the

text: singing

text: contest

text: television

text: show

text: X

text: Factor

text: in

text: the

text: UK

question: On what date in 2006 did May and Taylor of Queen appear on American Idol?

answer: 11 April

text: 11 April

question: What month and year was the season  finale of American Idol?

answer: May 2009

text: May 2009

question: Who were the season 8 finalists on American Idol?

answer: Adam Lambert and Kris Allen

text: Adam Lambert and Kris Allen

question: On what date did Queen's May and Taylor appear on UK X-factor?

answer: 15 November 2009

text: 15 November 2009


text: In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 20 white and Hispanic firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no blacks scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted. On 29 June 2009, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of the firefighters, agreeing that they were improperly denied promotion because of their race. The case, Ricci v. DeStefano, became highly publicized and brought national attention to New Haven politics due to the involvement of then-Supreme Court nominee (and Yale Law School graduate) Sonia Sotomayor in a lower court decision.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: agreed

text: to

text: hear

text: a

text: suit

text: over

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: brought

text: by

text: white

text: and

text: Hispanic

text: firefighters

text: against

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: suit

text: involved

text: the

text: promotion

text: test

text: for

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: Fire

text: Department

text: After

text: the

text: tests

text: were

text: scored

text: no

text: blacks

text: scored

text: high

text: enough

text: to

text: qualify

text: for

text: consideration

text: for

text: promotion

text: so

text: the

text: city

text: announced

text: that

text: no

text: one

text: would

text: be

text: promoted

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: ruled

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: firefighters

text: agreeing

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: improperly

text: denied

text: promotion

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: race

text: The

text: case

text: Ricci

text: v.

text: DeStefano

text: became

text: highly

text: publicized

text: and

text: brought

text: national

text: attention

text: to

text: New

text: Haven

text: politics

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: involvement

text: of

text: then

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: nominee

text: and

text: Yale

text: Law

text: School

text: graduate

text: Sonia

text: Sotomayor

text: in

text: a

text: lower

text: court

text: decision

question: In what year did the U.S. Supreme Court agree to hear a lawsuit originally filed by 20 white and Hispanic firefighters seeking relief from the city of New Haven?

answer: 2009

question: What was the primary legal issue at the center of the suit filed against New Haven by firefighters?

answer: reverse discrimination

text: reverse discrimination

question: In what year did the city of New Haven deny all firefighters promotions citing the poor performance of black firefighters on performance tests ?

answer: 2003

question: What was the name of the 2009 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court awarded relief to New Haven firefighters against the city of New Haven?

answer: Ricci v. DeStefano

text: Ricci v. DeStefano

question: Which Supreme Court Justice was a graduate of Yale Law School and was currently undergoing the nomination process at the time of the 2009 lawsuit filed by firefighters against the city of New Haven?

answer: Sonia Sotomayor

text: Sonia Sotomayor

question: The 2009 Supreme Court Case which had the City of New Haven versus who?

answer: 20 white and Hispanic firefighters

text: 20 white and Hispanic firefighters

question: What was the date of the final ruling?

answer: 29 June 2009

text: 29 June 2009

question: The actual name for the case was what?

answer: Ricci v. DeStefano

text: Ricci v. DeStefano

question: The court cast was rather popular due to which person on the case?

answer: Sonia Sotomayor

text: Sonia Sotomayor

question: Upon reaching a verdict the summary statement was that city denied the firefighter a promotion because of what?

answer: because of their race

text: because of their race


text: In the context of political corruption, a bribe may involve a payment given to a government official in exchange of his use of official powers. Bribery requires two participants: one to give the bribe, and one to take it. Either may initiate the corrupt offering; for example, a customs official may demand bribes to let through allowed (or disallowed) goods, or a smuggler might offer bribes to gain passage. In some countries the culture of corruption extends to every aspect of public life, making it extremely difficult for individuals to operate without resorting to bribes. Bribes may be demanded in order for an official to do something he is already paid to do. They may also be demanded in order to bypass laws and regulations. In addition to their role in private financial gain, bribes are also used to intentionally and maliciously cause harm to another (i.e. no financial incentive).[citation needed] In some developing nations, up to half of the population has paid bribes during the past 12 months.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: political

text: corruption

text: a

text: bribe

text: may

text: involve

text: a

text: payment

text: given

text: to

text: a

text: government

text: official

text: in

text: exchange

text: of

text: his

text: use

text: of

text: official

text: powers

text: Bribery

text: requires

text: two

text: participants

text: one

text: to

text: give

text: the

text: bribe

text: and

text: one

text: to

text: take

text: it

text: Either

text: may

text: initiate

text: the

text: corrupt

text: offering

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: customs

text: official

text: may

text: demand

text: bribes

text: to

text: let

text: through

text: allowed

text: or

text: disallowed

text: goods

text: or

text: a

text: smuggler

text: might

text: offer

text: bribes

text: to

text: gain

text: passage

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: corruption

text: extends

text: to

text: every

text: aspect

text: of

text: public

text: life

text: making

text: it

text: extremely

text: difficult

text: for

text: individuals

text: to

text: operate

text: without

text: resorting

text: to

text: bribes

text: Bribes

text: may

text: be

text: demanded

text: in

text: order

text: for

text: an

text: official

text: to

text: do

text: something

text: he

text: is

text: already

text: paid

text: to

text: do

text: They

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: demanded

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: bypass

text: laws

text: and

text: regulations

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: their

text: role

text: in

text: private

text: financial

text: gain

text: bribes

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: intentionally

text: and

text: maliciously

text: cause

text: harm

text: to

text: another

text: i.e.

text: no

text: financial

text: incentive).[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: some

text: developing

text: nations

text: up

text: to

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: has

text: paid

text: bribes

text: during

text: the

text: past

text: months

question: What do you call paying government officials to use their position in their office?

answer: a bribe

text: a bribe

question: What is the minimum amount of people that can be involved in a bribe?

answer: two

text: two

question: What is it called when corruption is part of all public life?

answer: culture of corruption

text: culture of corruption

question: Beyond getting money, bribes are also used to cause what to others?

answer: harm

text: harm


text: Until mid-to-late adolescence, boys and girls show relatively little difference in drinking motives. Distinctions between the reasons for alcohol consumption of males and females begin to emerge around ages 14–15; overall, boys tend to view drinking in a more social light than girls, who report on average a more frequent use of alcohol as a coping mechanism. The latter effect appears to shift in late adolescence and onset of early adulthood (18–19 years of age); however, despite this trend, age tends to bring a greater desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping in both boys and girls.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Until

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: adolescence

text: boys

text: and

text: girls

text: show

text: relatively

text: little

text: difference

text: in

text: drinking

text: motives

text: Distinctions

text: between

text: the

text: reasons

text: for

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: of

text: males

text: and

text: females

text: begin

text: to

text: emerge

text: around

text: ages

text: overall

text: boys

text: tend

text: to

text: view

text: drinking

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: social

text: light

text: than

text: girls

text: who

text: report

text: on

text: average

text: a

text: more

text: frequent

text: use

text: of

text: alcohol

text: as

text: a

text: coping

text: mechanism

text: The

text: latter

text: effect

text: appears

text: to

text: shift

text: in

text: late

text: adolescence

text: and

text: onset

text: of

text: early

text: adulthood

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: however

text: despite

text: this

text: trend

text: age

text: tends

text: to

text: bring

text: a

text: greater

text: desire

text: to

text: drink

text: for

text: pleasure

text: rather

text: than

text: coping

text: in

text: both

text: boys

text: and

text: girls

question: During what ages do reasons for alcohol consumption between males and females begin to diverge?

answer: 14–15

question: Do boys or girls view drinking in a more social light?

answer: boys

text: boys

question: Which gender reports most frequently using alcohol as a coping mechanism?

answer: girls

text: girls

question: Does age bring a greater or smaller desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping?

answer: greater

text: greater


text: In the context of relativity, mass is not an additive quantity, in the sense that one can add the rest masses of particles in a system to get the total rest mass of the system. Thus, in relativity usually a more general view is that it is not the sum of rest masses, but the energy–momentum tensor that quantifies the amount of matter. This tensor gives the rest mass for the entire system. "Matter" therefore is sometimes considered as anything that contributes to the energy–momentum of a system, that is, anything that is not purely gravity. This view is commonly held in fields that deal with general relativity such as cosmology. In this view, light and other massless particles and fields are part of matter.

title: Matter

title: Matter

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: relativity

text: mass

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: additive

text: quantity

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: one

text: can

text: add

text: the

text: rest

text: masses

text: of

text: particles

text: in

text: a

text: system

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: total

text: rest

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: Thus

text: in

text: relativity

text: usually

text: a

text: more

text: general

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: sum

text: of

text: rest

text: masses

text: but

text: the

text: energy

text: momentum

text: tensor

text: that

text: quantifies

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: matter

text: This

text: tensor

text: gives

text: the

text: rest

text: mass

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: system

text: Matter

text: therefore

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: as

text: anything

text: that

text: contributes

text: to

text: the

text: energy

text: momentum

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: that

text: is

text: anything

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: purely

text: gravity

text: This

text: view

text: is

text: commonly

text: held

text: in

text: fields

text: that

text: deal

text: with

text: general

text: relativity

text: such

text: as

text: cosmology

text: In

text: this

text: view

text: light

text: and

text: other

text: massless

text: particles

text: and

text: fields

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: matter

question: What type of quantity is mass?

text: additive

question: One can add the rest masses of particles in a system to get what?

text: the total rest mass of the system

question: What can the energy-momentum tensor not do?

text: quantifies the amount of matter

question: What does gravity contribute to in a system?

text: the energy–momentum

question: What field does not view matter as a contributor to energy-momentum?

text: cosmology


text: In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated "Why Avicenna? Avicenna ... was ... noted for his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west. He has had a lasting influence on the development of medicine and health sciences. The use of Avicenna's name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality."

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: In

text: March

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: name

text: would

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: new

text: Directories

text: of

text: education

text: institutions

text: for

text: health

text: care

text: professionals

text: worldwide

text: The

text: Avicenna

text: Directories

text: will

text: list

text: universities

text: and

text: schools

text: where

text: doctors

text: public

text: health

text: practitioners

text: pharmacists

text: and

text: others

text: are

text: educated

text: The

text: project

text: team

text: stated

text: Why

text: Avicenna

text: Avicenna

text: was

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: synthesis

text: of

text: knowledge

text: from

text: both

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: He

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: lasting

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: medicine

text: and

text: health

text: sciences

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: name

text: symbolises

text: the

text: worldwide

text: partnership

text: that

text: is

text: needed

text: for

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: health

text: services

text: of

text: high

text: quality

question: When was it announced that Avicenna would have medical directories named after him?

answer: March 2008

text: March 2008

question: What does the Avicenna Directories contain?

answer: where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated

text: where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated

question: What was Avicenna known for?

answer: his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west

text: his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west

question: What is Avicenna's name needed for?

answer: worldwide partnership

text: worldwide partnership

question: When was it not announced that Avicenna would have medical directories named after him?

text: March 2008

question: When was it announced that Avicenna would have medical directories named after his father?

text: March 2008

question: What does the Avicenna Directories exclude?

question: What was Avicenna not known for?

question: What is Avicenna's name not needed for?

text: worldwide partnership


text: In Darwin's time there was no agreed-upon model of heredity; in Chapter I Darwin admitted, "The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown." He accepted a version of the inheritance of acquired characteristics (which after Darwin's death came to be called Lamarckism), and Chapter V discusses what he called the effects of use and disuse; he wrote that he thought "there can be little doubt that use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them; and that such modifications are inherited", and that this also applied in nature. Darwin stated that some changes that were commonly attributed to use and disuse, such as the loss of functional wings in some island dwelling insects, might be produced by natural selection. In later editions of Origin, Darwin expanded the role attributed to the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin also admitted ignorance of the source of inheritable variations, but speculated they might be produced by environmental factors. However, one thing was clear: whatever the exact nature and causes of new variations, Darwin knew from observation and experiment that breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection. The observation that selection works in domestic animals is not destroyed by lack of understanding of the underlying hereditary mechanism.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: In

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: time

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: agreed

text: upon

text: model

text: of

text: heredity

text: in

text: Chapter

text: I

text: Darwin

text: admitted

text: The

text: laws

text: governing

text: inheritance

text: are

text: quite

text: unknown

text: He

text: accepted

text: a

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: inheritance

text: of

text: acquired

text: characteristics

text: which

text: after

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: death

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: Lamarckism

text: and

text: Chapter

text: V

text: discusses

text: what

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: use

text: and

text: disuse

text: he

text: wrote

text: that

text: he

text: thought

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: little

text: doubt

text: that

text: use

text: in

text: our

text: domestic

text: animals

text: strengthens

text: and

text: enlarges

text: certain

text: parts

text: and

text: disuse

text: diminishes

text: them

text: and

text: that

text: such

text: modifications

text: are

text: inherited

text: and

text: that

text: this

text: also

text: applied

text: in

text: nature

text: Darwin

text: stated

text: that

text: some

text: changes

text: that

text: were

text: commonly

text: attributed

text: to

text: use

text: and

text: disuse

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: functional

text: wings

text: in

text: some

text: island

text: dwelling

text: insects

text: might

text: be

text: produced

text: by

text: natural

text: selection

text: In

text: later

text: editions

text: of

text: Origin

text: Darwin

text: expanded

text: the

text: role

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: inheritance

text: of

text: acquired

text: characteristics

text: Darwin

text: also

text: admitted

text: ignorance

text: of

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: inheritable

text: variations

text: but

text: speculated

text: they

text: might

text: be

text: produced

text: by

text: environmental

text: factors

text: However

text: one

text: thing

text: was

text: clear

text: whatever

text: the

text: exact

text: nature

text: and

text: causes

text: of

text: new

text: variations

text: Darwin

text: knew

text: from

text: observation

text: and

text: experiment

text: that

text: breeders

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: select

text: such

text: variations

text: and

text: produce

text: huge

text: differences

text: in

text: many

text: generations

text: of

text: selection

text: The

text: observation

text: that

text: selection

text: works

text: in

text: domestic

text: animals

text: is

text: not

text: destroyed

text: by

text: lack

text: of

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: underlying

text: hereditary

text: mechanism

question: What is the theory that is based on acquired characteristics within a species?

answer: Lamarckism

text: Lamarckism

question: What did Darwin learn about about the characteristics of domestic animals?

answer: use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them

text: use in our domestic animals strengthens and enlarges certain parts, and disuse diminishes them

question: What did Darwin speculate might be how inheritable variations might come about in a species?

answer: environmental factors

text: environmental factors

question: What did Darwin admit about acquired characteristics in chapter one of On the Origin of Species?

answer: "The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown."

text: "The laws governing inheritance are quite unknown."

question: What did Darwin learn about variations by observing breeders?

answer: breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection

text: breeders were able to select such variations and produce huge differences in many generations of selection


text: The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as "these islands". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: phrase

text: Brytish

text: Iles

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: is

text: dated

text: in

text: a

text: work

text: by

text: John

text: Dee

text: Today

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: seen

text: by

text: some

text: as

text: carrying

text: imperialist

text: overtones

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: commonly

text: used

text: Other

text: names

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: islands

text: include

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Celtic

text: Isles

text: Atlantic

text: archipelago

text: British

text: Irish

text: Isles

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: UK

text: and

text: Ireland

text: and

text: British

text: Isles

text: and

text: Ireland

text: Owing

text: to

text: political

text: and

text: national

text: associations

text: with

text: the

text: word

text: British

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Ireland

text: does

text: not

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: British

text: Isles

text: and

text: in

text: documents

text: drawn

text: up

text: jointly

text: between

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: Irish

text: governments

text: the

text: archipelago

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: these

text: islands

text: Nonetheless

text: British

text: Isles

text: is

text: still

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: accepted

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: archipelago

question: What is the earliest English usage of the term Brytish Illes?

answer: a work by John Dee

text: a work by John Dee

question: When was this Brytish Illes name used in the English language by John Dee?

answer: 1577

question: What is another name that is used for the British Isles?

answer: Anglo-Celtic Isles

text: Anglo-Celtic Isles

question: What is the common term that the Government of Ireland uses when documents are written jointly with the British?

answer: "these islands

text: "these islands

question: What phrase can be dated back to the 15th century?

text: Brytish Iles

question: Who used the phrase Brytish Iles in the 15th century?

text: John Dee

question: What term is not used by the UK?

text: British Isles

question: What two countries use the term British Isles when drawing up documents together?

text: British and Irish governments

question: John Doe cites the earliest known use of Brytish Iles as occurring in what year?

question: What are some other names used to describe the phrases?

question: The most widely accepted term for Ireland is what?

text: British Isles

question: What name is seen by some as having Atlantic overtones?

text: Brytish Iles

question: What term does the British government not use?

text: British Isles


text: During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: During

text: the

text: difficult

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: government

text: at

text: all

text: levels

text: was

text: integral

text: to

text: creating

text: jobs

text: The

text: city

text: provided

text: recreational

text: and

text: educational

text: programs

text: and

text: hired

text: people

text: for

text: public

text: works

text: projects

text: In

text: Raleigh

text: Memorial

text: Auditorium

text: was

text: dedicated

text: The

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Symphony

text: founded

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: performed

text: in

text: its

text: new

text: home

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: Civilian

text: Conservation

text: Corps

text: constructed

text: the

text: area

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: William

text: B.

text: Umstead

text: State

text: Park

text: In

text: the

text: State

text: General

text: Assembly

text: chartered

text: the

text: Raleigh

text: Durham

text: Aeronautical

text: Authority

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: larger

text: airport

text: between

text: Raleigh

text: and

text: Durham

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: flight

text: occurring

text: in

question: When was the Great Depression?

answer: 1930s

question: What did the city provide during the Great Depression?

answer: recreational and educational programs

text: recreational and educational programs

question: What was dedicated in 1932?

answer: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium

text: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium

question: What year was the North Carolina Symphony founded?

answer: 1932

question: What was charted in 1939?

answer: Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham,

text: Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham,

question: When did the Great Depression start?

question: What did the city restrict during the Great Depression?

text: recreational and educational programs

question: What building was torn down in 1932?

text: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium

question: What year did the North Carolina Symphony fail?

question: When did the last flight leave the Raleigh-Durham airport?


text: Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with the low viscosity of the alloy makes the production of small and intricate shapes possible. The low working temperature leads to rapid cooling of the cast products and therefore fast assembly is possible. Another alloy, marketed under the brand name Prestal, contains 78% zinc and 22% aluminium and is reported to be nearly as strong as steel but as malleable as plastic. This superplasticity of the alloy allows it to be molded using die casts made of ceramics and cement.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Alloys

text: of

text: primarily

text: zinc

text: with

text: small

text: amounts

text: of

text: copper

text: aluminium

text: and

text: magnesium

text: are

text: useful

text: in

text: die

text: casting

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: spin

text: casting

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: automotive

text: electrical

text: and

text: hardware

text: industries

text: These

text: alloys

text: are

text: marketed

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Zamak

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: this

text: is

text: zinc

text: aluminium

text: The

text: low

text: melting

text: point

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: low

text: viscosity

text: of

text: the

text: alloy

text: makes

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: small

text: and

text: intricate

text: shapes

text: possible

text: The

text: low

text: working

text: temperature

text: leads

text: to

text: rapid

text: cooling

text: of

text: the

text: cast

text: products

text: and

text: therefore

text: fast

text: assembly

text: is

text: possible

text: Another

text: alloy

text: marketed

text: under

text: the

text: brand

text: name

text: Prestal

text: contains

text: zinc

text: and

text: aluminium

text: and

text: is

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: nearly

text: as

text: strong

text: as

text: steel

text: but

text: as

text: malleable

text: as

text: plastic

text: This

text: superplasticity

text: of

text: the

text: alloy

text: allows

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: molded

text: using

text: die

text: casts

text: made

text: of

text: ceramics

text: and

text: cement

question: Aside from die casting, what are alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and magnesium used for?

answer: spin casting

text: spin casting

question: Alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and magnesium are marketed as what?

answer: Zamak

text: Zamak

question: What is possible to produce thanks to the low melting point and low viscosity of zinc aluminium alloy?

answer: small and intricate shapes

text: small and intricate shapes

question: What brand name of alloy is supposed to be as strong as steel while still being malleable as plastic?

answer: Prestal

text: Prestal

question: What is used to mold Prestal?

answer: die casts made of ceramics and cement.

text: die casts made of ceramics and cement.

question: What are alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and plastic used for?

text: spin casting

question: What is possible to produce thanks to the high melting point and high viscosity of zinc aluminium alloy?

text: small and intricate shapes

question: What is used to remove Prestal?

text: die casts made of ceramics and cement

question: What are alloys of zinc mixed with steel and copper marketed as?

text: Zamak

question: What brand name of alloy is supposed to be as strong as silk while still being malleable as butter?

text: Prestal


text: The Marshall Islands are served by the Marshall Islands International Airport in Majuro, the Bucholz Army Airfield in Kwajalein, and other small airports and airstrips.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: are

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: International

text: Airport

text: in

text: Majuro

text: the

text: Bucholz

text: Army

text: Airfield

text: in

text: Kwajalein

text: and

text: other

text: small

text: airports

text: and

text: airstrips

question: Where is the Marshall Islands International Airport located?

answer: Majuro

text: Majuro

question: What airfield operates in Kwajalein?

answer: Bucholz Army Airfield

text: Bucholz Army Airfield


text: In its 2014 Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment in Eritrea at the very bottom of a list of 178 countries, just below totalitarian North Korea. According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of the public media, "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ... Not a single [foreign correspondent] now lives in Asmara." The state-owned news agency censors news about external events. Independent media have been banned since 2001. In 2015, The Guardian published an opinion piece claiming,

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: In

text: its

text: Press

text: Freedom

text: Index

text: Reporters

text: Without

text: Borders

text: ranked

text: the

text: media

text: environment

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: bottom

text: of

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: countries

text: just

text: below

text: totalitarian

text: North

text: Korea

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: BBC

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: African

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: no

text: privately

text: owned

text: news

text: media

text: and

text: Reporters

text: Without

text: Borders

text: said

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: media

text: they

text: do

text: nothing

text: but

text: relay

text: the

text: regime

text: 's

text: belligerent

text: and

text: ultra

text: nationalist

text: discourse

text: Not

text: a

text: single

text: foreign

text: correspondent

text: now

text: lives

text: in

text: Asmara

text: The

text: state

text: owned

text: news

text: agency

text: censors

text: news

text: about

text: external

text: events

text: Independent

text: media

text: have

text: been

text: banned

text: since

text: In

text: The

text: Guardian

text: published

text: an

text: opinion

text: piece

text: claiming

question: In the 2014 Press Freedom Index, what organization ranked the media environment in Eritrea as the worse of 178 countries?

answer: Reporters Without Borders

text: Reporters Without Borders

question: How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea?

answer: just below

text: just below

question: What type of media has been banned from Eritrea since 2001?

answer: Independent

text: Independent

question: According to the BBC, which African country is the only one that has no privately owned news media?

answer: Eritrea

text: Eritrea

question: According to Reporters Without Borders, where doesn't a single foreign news correspondent live?

answer: Asmara

text: Asmara

question: In what year was Reporters Without Borders founded?

question: What country was ranked at the top of the media environment list put together by Reporters Without Borders?

text: North Korea

question: What did The Guardian claim about Eritrea in 2015?

question: How many native news correspondents are there in Asmara?


text: There is also a trend of Orthodox movements pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity so there is less chance of intermarriage. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the Baal Teshuva movement) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to Jews by Choice of gentiles who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: trend

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: movements

text: pursuing

text: secular

text: Jews

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: give

text: them

text: a

text: stronger

text: Jewish

text: identity

text: so

text: there

text: is

text: less

text: chance

text: of

text: intermarriage

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: efforts

text: by

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: Jewish

text: groups

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: trend

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Baal

text: Teshuva

text: movement

text: for

text: secular

text: Jews

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: religiously

text: observant

text: though

text: the

text: demographic

text: implications

text: of

text: the

text: trend

text: are

text: unknown

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: growing

text: rate

text: of

text: conversion

text: to

text: Jews

text: by

text: Choice

text: of

text: gentiles

text: who

text: make

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: head

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: becoming

text: Jews

question: What is one method used to prevent intermarriage?

answer: pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity

text: pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity

question: What is the trend for secular Jews to become more religiously observant known as?

answer: the Baal Teshuva movement

text: the Baal Teshuva movement

question: Who leads the movement that pursues secular Jews in order to give them stronger Jewish identity?

answer: Orthodox

text: Orthodox

question: Why do secular Jews persue Orthodox movements?

question: Why has there been a trend for secular Jews to become less religious?

question: Who has a shrinking rate of conversion?

text: gentiles

question: What is the trend for Jews to become less religiously observant called?

text: the Baal Teshuva movement

question: When have Jews made efforts to be less religiously observant?

text: over the past 25 years


text: KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM. The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and the Spencer Museum of Art. The libraries of the University include the Watson Library, Spencer Research Library, and Anschutz Library, which commemorates the businessman Philip Anschutz, an alumnus of the University.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: KU

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Robert

text: J.

text: Dole

text: Institute

text: of

text: Politics

text: the

text: Beach

text: Center

text: on

text: Disability

text: Lied

text: Center

text: of

text: Kansas

text: and

text: radio

text: stations

text: KJHK

text: FM

text: and

text: KANU

text: FM

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: host

text: to

text: several

text: museums

text: including

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Kansas

text: Natural

text: History

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Spencer

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: The

text: libraries

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: include

text: the

text: Watson

text: Library

text: Spencer

text: Research

text: Library

text: and

text: Anschutz

text: Library

text: which

text: commemorates

text: the

text: businessman

text: Philip

text: Anschutz

text: an

text: alumnus

text: of

text: the

text: University

question: What part of KU serves students learning about government?

answer: the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics

text: the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics

question: What are two radio stations that broadcast from KU?

answer: KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM

text: KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM

question: What is the name of a fine art institution on the campus of KU?

answer: the Spencer Museum of Art

text: the Spencer Museum of Art

question: Which library is dedicated to a former student of the University of Kansas?

answer: Anschutz Library

text: Anschutz Library

question: Whom is the Anschutz Library named for?

answer: Philip Anschutz

text: Philip Anschutz

question: What part of KU serves students not learning about government?

text: Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics

question: What are two radio stations that broadcast outside of KU?

text: KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM

question: What is the name of a crude art institution on the campus of KU?

text: Spencer Museum of Art

question: Which library is dedicated to a current student of the University of Kansas?

text: Anschutz Library

question: Whom isn't the Anschutz Library named for?

text: Philip Anschutz


text: John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months. He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter's Square below, celebrated by Luigi Traglia. After he died, his brow was ritually tapped to see if he was dead, and those with him in the room said prayers. Then the room was illuminated, thus informing the people of what had happened. He was buried on 6 June in the Vatican grottos. Two wreaths, placed on the two sides of his tomb, were donated by the prisoners of the Regina Coeli prison and the Mantova jail in Verona. On 22 June 1963, one day after his friend and successor Pope Paul VI was elected, the latter prayed at his tomb.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: John

text: XXIII

text: died

text: of

text: peritonitis

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: perforated

text: stomach

text: at

text: local

text: time

text: on

text: June

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: ending

text: a

text: historic

text: pontificate

text: of

text: four

text: years

text: and

text: seven

text: months

text: He

text: died

text: just

text: as

text: a

text: Mass

text: for

text: him

text: finished

text: in

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Square

text: below

text: celebrated

text: by

text: Luigi

text: Traglia

text: After

text: he

text: died

text: his

text: brow

text: was

text: ritually

text: tapped

text: to

text: see

text: if

text: he

text: was

text: dead

text: and

text: those

text: with

text: him

text: in

text: the

text: room

text: said

text: prayers

text: Then

text: the

text: room

text: was

text: illuminated

text: thus

text: informing

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: what

text: had

text: happened

text: He

text: was

text: buried

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: the

text: Vatican

text: grottos

text: Two

text: wreaths

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: two

text: sides

text: of

text: his

text: tomb

text: were

text: donated

text: by

text: the

text: prisoners

text: of

text: the

text: Regina

text: Coeli

text: prison

text: and

text: the

text: Mantova

text: jail

text: in

text: Verona

text: On

text: June

text: one

text: day

text: after

text: his

text: friend

text: and

text: successor

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: was

text: elected

text: the

text: latter

text: prayed

text: at

text: his

text: tomb

question: What did John XXIII die of?

answer: peritonitis

text: peritonitis

question: What day did he die?

answer: 3 June 1963

text: 3 June 1963

question: How old was John XXIII upon his death?

answer: 81

question: Who celebrated his Mass for him in the square below?

answer: Luigi Traglia

text: Luigi Traglia

question: What day was he buried?

answer: 6 June

text: 6 June

question: What did Luigi Traglia die of?

question: When did Luigi Traglia die?

text: at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963

question: What was done to Luigi Traglia's brow to see if he was dead?

text: his brow was ritually tapped

question: Where was Luigi Traglia buried?

text: in the Vatican grottos

question: When did John XXIII pray at Luigi Traglia's tomb?

text: On 22 June 1963


text: However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an overall drop in PC sales for the quarter, and said the drop may have been partly due to consumer reluctance to embrace the new features of the OS and poor support from OEM for these features. This capped the first year of declining PC sales to the Asia Pacific region, as consumers bought more mobile devices than Windows PCs.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: research

text: firm

text: NPD

text: sales

text: of

text: devices

text: running

text: Windows

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: have

text: declined

text: percent

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: period

text: in

text: As

text: the

text: holiday

text: shopping

text: season

text: wrapped

text: up

text: Windows

text: sales

text: continued

text: to

text: lag

text: even

text: as

text: Apple

text: reported

text: brisk

text: sales

text: The

text: market

text: research

text: firm

text: IDC

text: reported

text: an

text: overall

text: drop

text: in

text: PC

text: sales

text: for

text: the

text: quarter

text: and

text: said

text: the

text: drop

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: partly

text: due

text: to

text: consumer

text: reluctance

text: to

text: embrace

text: the

text: new

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: OS

text: and

text: poor

text: support

text: from

text: OEM

text: for

text: these

text: features

text: This

text: capped

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: declining

text: PC

text: sales

text: to

text: the

text: Asia

text: Pacific

text: region

text: as

text: consumers

text: bought

text: more

text: mobile

text: devices

text: than

text: Windows

text: PCs

question: What is IDC?

answer: market research firm

text: market research firm

question: What is the decline in PC sales attributed to?

answer: consumers bought more mobile devices

text: consumers bought more mobile devices

question: How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced?

answer: 21 percent

text: 21 percent

question: While Windows sales went down, which company experienced an increase in sales?

answer: Apple

text: Apple

question: What is ICD?

text: market research firm

question: What isn't IDC?

text: market research firm

question: What is the increase in PC sales attributed to?

text: consumers bought more mobile devices

question: How much of a increase in sales have Windows devices experienced?

text: 21 percent

question: While Windows sales went up, which company experienced an decrease in sales?

text: Apple


text: Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form of fuzzing, is an example of failure testing. Various commercial non-functional testing tools are linked from the software fault injection page; there are also numerous open-source and free software tools available that perform destructive testing.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Destructive

text: testing

text: attempts

text: to

text: cause

text: the

text: software

text: or

text: a

text: sub

text: system

text: to

text: fail

text: It

text: verifies

text: that

text: the

text: software

text: functions

text: properly

text: even

text: when

text: it

text: receives

text: invalid

text: or

text: unexpected

text: inputs

text: thereby

text: establishing

text: the

text: robustness

text: of

text: input

text: validation

text: and

text: error

text: management

text: routines.[citation

text: needed

text: Software

text: fault

text: injection

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: fuzzing

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: failure

text: testing

text: Various

text: commercial

text: non

text: functional

text: testing

text: tools

text: are

text: linked

text: from

text: the

text: software

text: fault

text: injection

text: page

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: numerous

text: open

text: source

text: and

text: free

text: software

text: tools

text: available

text: that

text: perform

text: destructive

text: testing

question: What method is used to cause a system to fail?

answer: Destructive testing

text: Destructive testing

question: What does Destructive testing verify?

answer: software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs

text: software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs

question: What is one example of failure testing?

answer: Software fault injection

text: Software fault injection

question: Destruction testing does what?

question: What does destruction testing verify?

question: What is an example of software fault injecture?

text: fuzzing

question: There are very few open-source and free tools that do what?

text: perform destructive testing.


text: It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: It

text: is

text: on

text: Absecon

text: Island

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: was

text: incorporated

text: on

text: May

text: from

text: portions

text: of

text: Egg

text: Harbor

text: Township

text: and

text: Galloway

text: Township

text: The

text: city

text: borders

text: Absecon

text: Brigantine

text: Pleasantville

text: Ventnor

text: City

text: and

text: West

text: Atlantic

text: City

question: What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located?

answer: Absecon Island

text: Absecon Island

question: In what year was Atlantic City incorporated?

answer: 1854

question: What are the names of the two townships that became part of Atlantic City when it was incorporated?

answer: Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township

text: Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township

question: How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City?

answer: Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City

text: Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City

question: Which coast is Atlantic City located on?

answer: Atlantic

text: Atlantic


text: IBM also had their own DBMS in 1966, known as Information Management System (IMS). IMS was a development of software written for the Apollo program on the System/360. IMS was generally similar in concept to CODASYL, but used a strict hierarchy for its model of data navigation instead of CODASYL's network model. Both concepts later became known as navigational databases due to the way data was accessed, and Bachman's 1973 Turing Award presentation was The Programmer as Navigator. IMS is classified[by whom?] as a hierarchical database. IDMS and Cincom Systems' TOTAL database are classified as network databases. IMS remains in use as of 2014[update].

title: Database

title: Database

text: IBM

text: also

text: had

text: their

text: own

text: DBMS

text: in

text: known

text: as

text: Information

text: Management

text: System

text: IMS

text: IMS

text: was

text: a

text: development

text: of

text: software

text: written

text: for

text: the

text: Apollo

text: program

text: on

text: the

text: IMS

text: was

text: generally

text: similar

text: in

text: concept

text: to

text: CODASYL

text: but

text: used

text: a

text: strict

text: hierarchy

text: for

text: its

text: model

text: of

text: data

text: navigation

text: instead

text: of

text: CODASYL

text: 's

text: network

text: model

text: Both

text: concepts

text: later

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: navigational

text: databases

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: way

text: data

text: was

text: accessed

text: and

text: Bachman

text: 's

text: Turing

text: Award

text: presentation

text: was

text: The

text: Programmer

text: as

text: Navigator

text: IMS

text: is

text: classified[by

text: whom

text: as

text: a

text: hierarchical

text: database

text: IDMS

text: and

text: Cincom

text: Systems

text: TOTAL

text: database

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: network

text: databases

text: IMS

text: remains

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: of

question: What was the DBMS created by IBM called?

answer: Information Management System (IMS)

text: Information Management System (IMS)

question: What was the purpose of the IBM DBMS?

answer: the Apollo program

text: the Apollo program

question: What is the classification of IMS?

answer: hierarchical database

text: hierarchical database

question: What was the name of Bachman's Turing Award presentation in 1973?

answer: The Programmer as Navigator

text: The Programmer as Navigator

question: What was the DBMS designed for IBM by a third-party called?

text: Information Management System (IMS)

question: What was irrelevant to the IBM DBMS?

text: the Apollo program

question: What is the classification of IMS not considered?

text: hierarchical database

question: What was the name of Bachman's Turing Award presentation in 1972?

text: The Programmer as Navigator

question: When did IBM lose their own DBMS?


text: After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: due

text: to

text: Ukrainian

text: collaborationism

text: with

text: the

text: Axis

text: powers

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: gain

text: independence

text: Moscow

text: changed

text: its

text: policy

text: towards

text: repression

text: of

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: language

question: After what war did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: Why did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?

answer: Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers

text: Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers

question: Why did Ukrainians collaborate with the Axis?

answer: to gain independence

text: to gain independence

question: What happened to Moscow policy after World War I?

question: When did the Ukraine change its policy towards repression of the Moscow language?

text: After World War II

question: When did collaboration between Moscow and the Axis powers cause the Ukraine to change policies?

text: After World War II

question: Whose collaboration caused Moscow to change its policy regarding independence?

question: Who was in collaboration with Moscow?

text: Axis powers


text: Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example, Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600 (this means that 1599 was a short year). England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to 1 January in 1752 (so 1751 was a short year with only 282 days) though in England the start of the tax year remained at 25 March (O.S.), 5 April (N.S.) till 1800, when it moved to 6 April. Later in 1752 in September the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies (see the section Adoption). These two reforms were implemented by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Most

text: Western

text: European

text: countries

text: changed

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: to

text: January

text: before

text: they

text: adopted

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: For

text: example

text: Scotland

text: changed

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: New

text: Year

text: to

text: January

text: in

text: this

text: means

text: that

text: was

text: a

text: short

text: year

text: England

text: Ireland

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: colonies

text: changed

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: to

text: January

text: in

text: so

text: was

text: a

text: short

text: year

text: with

text: only

text: days

text: though

text: in

text: England

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: tax

text: year

text: remained

text: at

text: March

text: O.S.

text: April

text: N.S.

text: till

text: when

text: it

text: moved

text: to

text: April

text: Later

text: in

text: in

text: September

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: was

text: introduced

text: throughout

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: colonies

text: see

text: the

text: section

text: Adoption

text: These

text: two

text: reforms

text: were

text: implemented

text: by

text: the

text: Calendar

text: New

text: Style

text: Act

question: On what date did most European countries set the start of the new year?

answer: 1 January

text: 1 January

question: When did Scotland begin to use January 1 as the start of the new year?

answer: 1600

question: When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1?

answer: 1752

question: What act did Britain use to implement the use of the Gregorian calendar?

answer: Calendar (New Style) Act 1750

text: Calendar (New Style) Act 1750

question: When did England finally change the tax year to 6 April?

answer: 1800

question: What do most European countries do after they adopted the Gregorian calendar?

question: What country changed the new year to January 1 during the sixteenth century

text: Scotland

question: Who changed the start of the new year to January 1 during the seventeenth century?

question: What was the name of the act that changed the start of the year and a seventeenth century?

text: Calendar (New Style) Act 1750.

question: What remained on March 25 in Scotland?

text: start of the tax year


text: France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: France

text: 's

text: highest

text: courts

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Paris

text: The

text: Court

text: of

text: Cassation

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: judicial

text: order

text: which

text: reviews

text: criminal

text: and

text: civil

text: cases

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Palais

text: de

text: Justice

text: on

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: la

text: Cité

text: while

text: the

text: Conseil

text: d'État

text: which

text: provides

text: legal

text: advice

text: to

text: the

text: executive

text: and

text: acts

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: administrative

text: order

text: judging

text: litigation

text: against

text: public

text: bodies

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Palais

text: Royal

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: The

text: Constitutional

text: Council

text: an

text: advisory

text: body

text: with

text: ultimate

text: authority

text: on

text: the

text: constitutionality

text: of

text: laws

text: and

text: government

text: decrees

text: also

text: meets

text: in

text: the

text: Montpensier

text: wing

text: of

text: the

text: Palais

text: Royal

question: Where are France's highest courts located?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: What is the highest court in the judicial order?

answer: Court of Cassation

text: Court of Cassation

question: Where does the Constitutional Council meet?

answer: Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal

text: Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal

question: Where is the Coutt of Cassation located?

answer: Palais de Justice

text: Palais de Justice

question: Where does the Consiel d'Etat meet?

answer: Palais-Royal

text: Palais-Royal


text: Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar). Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Many

text: traditional

text: festivals

text: and

text: customs

text: were

text: observed

text: in

text: the

text: old

text: times

text: which

text: included

text: climbing

text: the

text: City

text: Wall

text: on

text: January

text: bathing

text: in

text: Qing

text: Xi

text: on

text: March

text: hill

text: hiking

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: others

text: the

text: dates

text: are

text: in

text: Chinese

text: lunar

text: calendar

text: Almost

text: of

text: them

text: however

text: are

text: still

text: celebrated

text: by

text: modern

text: Nanjingese

question: When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?

answer: January 16

text: January 16

question: On March 3, what festival was celebrated in ancient times?

answer: bathing in Qing Xi

text: bathing in Qing Xi

question: What did citizens used to do on September 9?

answer: hill hiking

text: hill hiking

question: Where can one find the dates of more old festivals?

answer: Chinese lunar calendar

text: Chinese lunar calendar

question: How many of these old festivals are still celebrated by residents of Nanjing?

answer: Almost none of them

text: Almost none of them


text: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Russian

text: Revolution

text: is

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: revolutions

text: in

text: Russia

text: in

text: which

text: destroyed

text: the

text: Tsarist

text: autocracy

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Following

text: the

text: abdication

text: of

text: Nicholas

text: II

text: of

text: Russia

text: the

text: Russian

text: Provisional

text: Government

text: was

text: established

text: In

text: October

text: a

text: red

text: faction

text: revolution

text: occurred

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Red

text: Guard

text: armed

text: groups

text: of

text: workers

text: and

text: deserting

text: soldiers

text: directed

text: by

text: the

text: Bolshevik

text: Party

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: Petrograd

text: and

text: began

text: an

text: immediate

text: armed

text: takeover

text: of

text: cities

text: and

text: villages

text: throughout

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

question: What is the Russian Revolution?

answer: the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

text: the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

question: What happened when Nicholas II was removed from power?

answer: the Russian Provisional Government was established.

text: the Russian Provisional Government was established.

question: What event happened in October of 1917?

answer: a red faction revolution

text: a red faction revolution

question: What happened during the red faction revolution?

answer: armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg

text: armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg


text: The growth, development, and reproduction of organisms relies on cell division, or the process by which a single cell divides into two usually identical daughter cells. This requires first making a duplicate copy of every gene in the genome in a process called DNA replication.:5.2 The copies are made by specialized enzymes known as DNA polymerases, which "read" one strand of the double-helical DNA, known as the template strand, and synthesize a new complementary strand. Because the DNA double helix is held together by base pairing, the sequence of one strand completely specifies the sequence of its complement; hence only one strand needs to be read by the enzyme to produce a faithful copy. The process of DNA replication is semiconservative; that is, the copy of the genome inherited by each daughter cell contains one original and one newly synthesized strand of DNA.:5.2

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: growth

text: development

text: and

text: reproduction

text: of

text: organisms

text: relies

text: on

text: cell

text: division

text: or

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: a

text: single

text: cell

text: divides

text: into

text: two

text: usually

text: identical

text: daughter

text: cells

text: This

text: requires

text: first

text: making

text: a

text: duplicate

text: copy

text: of

text: every

text: gene

text: in

text: the

text: genome

text: in

text: a

text: process

text: called

text: DNA

text: The

text: copies

text: are

text: made

text: by

text: specialized

text: enzymes

text: known

text: as

text: DNA

text: polymerases

text: which

text: read

text: one

text: strand

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: helical

text: DNA

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: template

text: strand

text: and

text: synthesize

text: a

text: new

text: complementary

text: strand

text: Because

text: the

text: DNA

text: double

text: helix

text: is

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: base

text: pairing

text: the

text: sequence

text: of

text: one

text: strand

text: completely

text: specifies

text: the

text: sequence

text: of

text: its

text: complement

text: hence

text: only

text: one

text: strand

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: read

text: by

text: the

text: enzyme

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: faithful

text: copy

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: DNA

text: replication

text: is

text: semiconservative

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: genome

text: inherited

text: by

text: each

text: daughter

text: cell

text: contains

text: one

text: original

text: and

text: one

text: newly

text: synthesized

text: strand

text: of

question: What does the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms rely on?

answer: cell division

text: cell division

question: In cell division, what two cells are created?

answer: identical daughter cells

text: identical daughter cells

question: What specialized enzyme is responsible DNA replication?

answer: DNA polymerases

text: DNA polymerases

question: Why does the sequence of one strand completely specify the sequence of its complement?

answer: Because the DNA double helix is held together by base pairing

text: Because the DNA double helix is held together by base pairing

question: What one word characterizes the process of DNA replication?

answer: semiconservative

text: semiconservative


text: Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries and became increasingly accessible to the masses. In Britain, the move from Industrial Revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis on science and engineering, a movement initiated in 1960 by Sir Keith Murray (chairman of the University Grants Committee) and Sir Samuel Curran, with the formation of the University of Strathclyde. The British also established universities worldwide, and higher education became available to the masses not only in Europe.

title: University

title: University

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: religion

text: played

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: university

text: curriculum

text: however

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: religion

text: in

text: research

text: universities

text: decreased

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: German

text: university

text: model

text: had

text: spread

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Universities

text: concentrated

text: on

text: science

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: and

text: became

text: increasingly

text: accessible

text: to

text: the

text: masses

text: In

text: Britain

text: the

text: move

text: from

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: to

text: modernity

text: saw

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: new

text: civic

text: universities

text: with

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: science

text: and

text: engineering

text: a

text: movement

text: initiated

text: in

text: by

text: Sir

text: Keith

text: Murray

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: Grants

text: Committee

text: and

text: Sir

text: Samuel

text: Curran

text: with

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Strathclyde

text: The

text: British

text: also

text: established

text: universities

text: worldwide

text: and

text: higher

text: education

text: became

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: masses

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: Europe

question: Ending with what century did religion play a smaller part in the curriculum of universities?

answer: 19th

question: what model of university structure was being used throughout the world at the finish of the 19th century?

answer: the German university model

text: the German university model

question: What was the focus of universities in the 20th century?

answer: science

text: science

question: Who was Sir Keith Murray?

answer: chairman of the University Grants Committee

text: chairman of the University Grants Committee

question: What university did Sir Samuel Curran contribute to the creation of?

answer: the University of Strathclyde

text: the University of Strathclyde

question: Ending with what century did German play a smaller part in the curriculum of universities?

question: What model of university structure was being used throughout the world at the finish of the 20th century?

text: the German university model

question: What were the focus of grants in the 19th century?

text: science

question: Who formed a university in Germany?

text: Sir Samuel Curran

question: What became less accessible to the masses?

text: Universities


text: Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Simultaneously

text: with

text: these

text: conflicts

text: bison

text: a

text: keystone

text: species

text: and

text: the

text: primary

text: protein

text: source

text: that

text: Native

text: people

text: had

text: survived

text: on

text: for

text: centuries

text: were

text: being

text: destroyed

text: Some

text: estimates

text: say

text: there

text: were

text: over

text: million

text: bison

text: in

text: Montana

text: in

text: In

text: General

text: Philip

text: Sheridan

text: pleaded

text: to

text: a

text: joint

text: session

text: of

text: Congress

text: to

text: authorize

text: the

text: slaughtering

text: of

text: herds

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: deprive

text: the

text: Indians

text: of

text: their

text: source

text: of

text: food

text: By

text: commercial

text: hunting

text: had

text: brought

text: bison

text: to

text: the

text: verge

text: of

text: extinction

text: only

text: about

text: bison

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: United

text: States

question: About how many bison were in Montana in 1870?

answer: over 13 million

text: over 13 million

question: In 1884 about how many bison remained?

answer: about 325

text: about 325

question: Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?

answer: General Philip Sheridan

text: General Philip Sheridan

question: What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?

answer: 1875