text: The first known smelting of iron began in Anatolia, around 1800 BC. Called the bloomery process, it produced very soft but ductile wrought iron. By 800 BC, iron-making technology had spread to Europe, arriving in Japan around 700 AD. Pig iron, a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon, was being produced in China as early as 1200 BC, but did not arrive in Europe until the Middle Ages. Pig iron has a lower melting point than iron, and was used for making cast-iron. However, these metals found little practical use until the introduction of crucible steel around 300 BC. These steels were of poor quality, and the introduction of pattern welding, around the 1st century AD, sought to balance the extreme properties of the alloys by laminating them, to create a tougher metal. Around 700 AD, the Japanese began folding bloomery-steel and cast-iron in alternating layers to increase the strength of their swords, using clay fluxes to remove slag and impurities. This method of Japanese swordsmithing produced one of the purest steel-alloys of the early Middle Ages.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: The

text: first

text: known

text: smelting

text: of

text: iron

text: began

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: around

text: BC

text: Called

text: the

text: bloomery

text: process

text: it

text: produced

text: very

text: soft

text: but

text: ductile

text: wrought

text: iron

text: By

text: BC

text: iron

text: making

text: technology

text: had

text: spread

text: to

text: Europe

text: arriving

text: in

text: Japan

text: around

text: AD

text: Pig

text: iron

text: a

text: very

text: hard

text: but

text: brittle

text: alloy

text: of

text: iron

text: and

text: carbon

text: was

text: being

text: produced

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: BC

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: arrive

text: in

text: Europe

text: until

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Pig

text: iron

text: has

text: a

text: lower

text: melting

text: point

text: than

text: iron

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: making

text: cast

text: iron

text: However

text: these

text: metals

text: found

text: little

text: practical

text: use

text: until

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: crucible

text: steel

text: around

text: BC

text: These

text: steels

text: were

text: of

text: poor

text: quality

text: and

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: pattern

text: welding

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: sought

text: to

text: balance

text: the

text: extreme

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: alloys

text: by

text: laminating

text: them

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: tougher

text: metal

text: Around

text: AD

text: the

text: Japanese

text: began

text: folding

text: bloomery

text: steel

text: and

text: cast

text: iron

text: in

text: alternating

text: layers

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: their

text: swords

text: using

text: clay

text: fluxes

text: to

text: remove

text: slag

text: and

text: impurities

text: This

text: method

text: of

text: Japanese

text: swordsmithing

text: produced

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: purest

text: steel

text: alloys

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

question: Where did smelting of iron begin?

answer: Anatolia

text: Anatolia

question: When did the smelting of iron first begin?

answer: around 1800 BC

text: around 1800 BC

question: When did iron making technology begin in Japan?

answer: around 700 AD

text: around 700 AD

question: Pig iron is composed of iron and what else?

answer: carbon

text: carbon

question: What makes Pig iron different from regular iron?

answer: lower melting point

text: lower melting point

question: Where was bronze first smelted

text: Anatolia,

question: What smelting process was developed in 800 A.D.?

text: bloomery process

question: What technology arrived in Europe in 1800 BC

text: iron-making technology

question: Where did iron technology arrived in 700 BC?

text: Japan

question: What was being produced in China in 1200 A.D.?

text: Pig iron


text: Public bus services within the city are provided by the national bus operator Bus Éireann. City routes are numbered from 201 through to 219 and connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest. Two of these bus routes provide orbital services across the Northern and Southern districts of the city respectively. Buses to the outer suburbs, such as Ballincollig, Glanmire, Midleton and Carrigaline are provided from the city's bus terminal at Parnell Place in the city centre. Suburban services also include shuttles to Cork Airport, and a park and ride facility in the south suburbs only.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: Public

text: bus

text: services

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: national

text: bus

text: operator

text: Bus

text: Éireann

text: City

text: routes

text: are

text: numbered

text: from

text: through

text: to

text: and

text: connect

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: to

text: the

text: principal

text: suburbs

text: colleges

text: shopping

text: centres

text: and

text: places

text: of

text: interest

text: Two

text: of

text: these

text: bus

text: routes

text: provide

text: orbital

text: services

text: across

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: respectively

text: Buses

text: to

text: the

text: outer

text: suburbs

text: such

text: as

text: Ballincollig

text: Glanmire

text: Midleton

text: and

text: Carrigaline

text: are

text: provided

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: bus

text: terminal

text: at

text: Parnell

text: Place

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: Suburban

text: services

text: also

text: include

text: shuttles

text: to

text: Cork

text: Airport

text: and

text: a

text: park

text: and

text: ride

text: facility

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: suburbs

text: only

question: Who runs the public busses in Cork?

answer: Bus Éireann

text: Bus Éireann

question: Besides busses, what kinds of public transportation are offered in Cork?

answer: shuttles to Cork Airport, and a park and ride facility in the south suburbs only

text: shuttles to Cork Airport, and a park and ride facility in the south suburbs only

question: What do the routes consist of?

answer: connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest

text: connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest

question: What connects the suburbs to shopping centers and places of interest?

text: City routes

question: How many routes offer service to both Northern and Southern Ireland?

text: Two

question: What is offered for the north suburbs?

text: park and ride facility

question: Who runs the public colleges in Cork?

text: Bus Éireann

question: How are shuttles to Cork Airport numbered?

text: from 201 through to 219

question: What does Glanmire connect the city centre to?

question: What do shuttles provide to Glanmire?

text: orbital services

question: What is used for transportation and only available in Midleton?

text: a park and ride facility


text: The Holocaust (which roughly means "burnt whole") was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted" during World War II by the Nazi regime in Germany. Several differing views exist regarding whether it was intended to occur from the war's beginning, or if the plans for it came about later. Regardless, persecution of Jews extended well before the war even started, such as in the Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). The Nazis used propaganda to great effect to stir up anti-Semitic feelings within ordinary Germans.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Holocaust

text: which

text: roughly

text: means

text: burnt

text: whole

text: was

text: the

text: deliberate

text: and

text: systematic

text: murder

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: Jews

text: and

text: other

text: unwanted

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: by

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: in

text: Germany

text: Several

text: differing

text: views

text: exist

text: regarding

text: whether

text: it

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: occur

text: from

text: the

text: war

text: 's

text: beginning

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: plans

text: for

text: it

text: came

text: about

text: later

text: Regardless

text: persecution

text: of

text: Jews

text: extended

text: well

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: even

text: started

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Kristallnacht

text: Night

text: of

text: Broken

text: Glass

text: The

text: Nazis

text: used

text: propaganda

text: to

text: great

text: effect

text: to

text: stir

text: up

text: anti

text: Semitic

text: feelings

text: within

text: ordinary

text: Germans

question: What is the Holocaust?

answer: was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted"

text: was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted"

question: During what word event did the Holocaust happen?

answer: during World War II

text: during World War II

question: Who is responsible for the Holocaust?

answer: Nazi regime in Germany.

text: Nazi regime in Germany.

question: How did the Nazis conjure up anti-Semitic feelings in civilians?

answer: propaganda

text: propaganda

question: When did the suffering of the Jews begin?

answer: before the war even started

text: before the war even started


text: Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the "theatre of the Lord". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers and painters. Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799) in the Pennine Alps, and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha (1752–1833). Born in Geneva, Saussure was enamored with the mountains from an early age; he left a law career to become a naturalist and spent many years trekking through the Bernese Oberland, the Savoy, the Piedmont and Valais, studying the glaciers and the geology, as he became an early proponent of the theory of rock upheaval. Saussure, in 1787, was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc—today the summits of all the peaks have been climbed.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Conrad

text: Gessner

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: naturalist

text: to

text: ascend

text: the

text: mountains

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: study

text: them

text: writing

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: he

text: found

text: the

text: theatre

text: of

text: the

text: Lord

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: more

text: naturalists

text: began

text: to

text: arrive

text: to

text: explore

text: study

text: and

text: conquer

text: the

text: high

text: peaks

text: they

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: artists

text: writers

text: and

text: painters

text: Two

text: men

text: who

text: first

text: explored

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: ice

text: and

text: snow

text: were

text: Horace

text: Bénédict

text: de

text: Saussure

text: in

text: the

text: Pennine

text: Alps

text: and

text: the

text: Benedictine

text: monk

text: of

text: Disentis

text: Placidus

text: a

text: Spescha

text: Born

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Saussure

text: was

text: enamored

text: with

text: the

text: mountains

text: from

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: he

text: left

text: a

text: law

text: career

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: naturalist

text: and

text: spent

text: many

text: years

text: trekking

text: through

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Oberland

text: the

text: Savoy

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: and

text: Valais

text: studying

text: the

text: glaciers

text: and

text: the

text: geology

text: as

text: he

text: became

text: an

text: early

text: proponent

text: of

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: rock

text: upheaval

text: Saussure

text: in

text: was

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: ascent

text: of

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: today

text: the

text: summits

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: peaks

text: have

text: been

text: climbed

question: Who was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains?

answer: Conrad Gessner

text: Conrad Gessner

question: Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?

answer: Geneva

text: Geneva

question: Who was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc?

answer: Saussure

text: Saussure


text: By far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the War of 1812. With Britain locked in a major war with Napoleon's France, its policy was to block American shipments to France. The United States sought to remain neutral while pursuing overseas trade. Britain cut the trade and impressed seamen on American ships into the Royal Navy, despite intense protests. Britain supported an Indian insurrection in the American Midwest, with the goal of creating an Indian state there that would block American expansion. The United States finally declared war on the United Kingdom in 1812, the first time the U.S. had officially declared war. Not hopeful of defeating the Royal Navy, the U.S. attacked the British Empire by invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip. The invasion of Canada was a debacle, though concurrent wars with Native Americans on the western front (Tecumseh's War and the Creek War) were more successful. After defeating Napoleon in 1814, Britain sent large veteran armies to invade New York, raid Washington and capture the key control of the Mississippi River at New Orleans. The New York invasion was a fiasco after the much larger British army retreated to Canada. The raiders succeeded in the burning of Washington on 25 August 1814, but were repulsed in their Chesapeake Bay Campaign at the Battle of Baltimore and the British commander killed. The major invasion in Louisiana was stopped by a one-sided military battle that killed the top three British generals and thousands of soldiers. The winners were the commanding general of the Battle of New Orleans, Major General Andrew Jackson, who became president and the Americans who basked in a victory over a much more powerful nation. The peace treaty proved successful, and the U.S. and Britain never again went to war. The losers were the Indians, who never gained the independent territory in the Midwest promised by Britain.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: By

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: military

text: action

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: engaged

text: during

text: this

text: era

text: was

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: With

text: Britain

text: locked

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: war

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: France

text: its

text: policy

text: was

text: to

text: block

text: American

text: shipments

text: to

text: France

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: sought

text: to

text: remain

text: neutral

text: while

text: pursuing

text: overseas

text: trade

text: Britain

text: cut

text: the

text: trade

text: and

text: impressed

text: seamen

text: on

text: American

text: ships

text: into

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: despite

text: intense

text: protests

text: Britain

text: supported

text: an

text: Indian

text: insurrection

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Midwest

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: creating

text: an

text: Indian

text: state

text: there

text: that

text: would

text: block

text: American

text: expansion

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: finally

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: the

text: U.S.

text: had

text: officially

text: declared

text: war

text: Not

text: hopeful

text: of

text: defeating

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: the

text: U.S.

text: attacked

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: by

text: invading

text: British

text: Canada

text: hoping

text: to

text: use

text: captured

text: territory

text: as

text: a

text: bargaining

text: chip

text: The

text: invasion

text: of

text: Canada

text: was

text: a

text: debacle

text: though

text: concurrent

text: wars

text: with

text: Native

text: Americans

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: front

text: Tecumseh

text: 's

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Creek

text: War

text: were

text: more

text: successful

text: After

text: defeating

text: Napoleon

text: in

text: Britain

text: sent

text: large

text: veteran

text: armies

text: to

text: invade

text: New

text: York

text: raid

text: Washington

text: and

text: capture

text: the

text: key

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: at

text: New

text: Orleans

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: invasion

text: was

text: a

text: fiasco

text: after

text: the

text: much

text: larger

text: British

text: army

text: retreated

text: to

text: Canada

text: The

text: raiders

text: succeeded

text: in

text: the

text: burning

text: of

text: Washington

text: on

text: August

text: but

text: were

text: repulsed

text: in

text: their

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: Campaign

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Baltimore

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: commander

text: killed

text: The

text: major

text: invasion

text: in

text: Louisiana

text: was

text: stopped

text: by

text: a

text: one

text: sided

text: military

text: battle

text: that

text: killed

text: the

text: top

text: three

text: British

text: generals

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: soldiers

text: The

text: winners

text: were

text: the

text: commanding

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Major

text: General

text: Andrew

text: Jackson

text: who

text: became

text: president

text: and

text: the

text: Americans

text: who

text: basked

text: in

text: a

text: victory

text: over

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: powerful

text: nation

text: The

text: peace

text: treaty

text: proved

text: successful

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Britain

text: never

text: again

text: went

text: to

text: war

text: The

text: losers

text: were

text: the

text: Indians

text: who

text: never

text: gained

text: the

text: independent

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Midwest

text: promised

text: by

text: Britain

question: What was the biggest war the US got involved with in the early 19th century?

answer: the War of 1812

text: the War of 1812

question: What conflict caused Britain to blockade trade?

answer: a major war with Napoleon's France

text: a major war with Napoleon's France

question: What uprising did Britain support in North America?

answer: Indian insurrection

text: Indian insurrection

question: What country was the first the US ever declared war upon?

answer: the United Kingdom

text: the United Kingdom

question: What was the initial US strategy in the War of 1812?

answer: invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip

text: invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip

question: What was the smallest war the US got involved with in the early 19th century?

text: War of 1812

question: What conflict caused France to blockade trade?

text: major war with Napoleon's France

question: What uprising did France support in North America?

text: Indian insurrection

question: What country was the first the UK ever declared war upon?

text: United Kingdom

question: What was the initial Canadian strategy in the War of 1812?


text: Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Admissions

text: are

text: characterized

text: as

text: most

text: selective

text: by

text: U.S.

text: News

text: World

text: Report

text: There

text: were

text: applications

text: for

text: the

text: undergraduate

text: class

text: of

text: entering

text: and

text: were

text: admitted

text: making

text: Northwestern

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: selective

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: For

text: freshmen

text: enrolling

text: in

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: the

text: interquartile

text: range

text: middle

text: on

text: the

text: SAT

text: was

text: for

text: critical

text: reading

text: and

text: for

text: math

text: ACT

text: composite

text: scores

text: for

text: the

text: middle

text: ranged

text: from

text: and

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: percent

text: of

text: their

text: high

text: school

text: class

question: How selective are admissions at Northwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report?

answer: most selective

text: most selective

question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016?

answer: 10.7%

question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2019 ranked in the top 10% of their high school class?

answer: 91%

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for critical reading?

answer: 690–760

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math?

answer: 710-800

question: How selective are admissions at Southwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report?

text: most selective

question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2017?

question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2009 ranked in the top 11% of their high school class?

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the ACT for critical reading?

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2017, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math?


text: Using histological stains on expectorated samples from phlegm (also called "sputum"), scientists can identify MTB under a microscope. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus. The most common acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl–Neelsen stain and the Kinyoun stain, which dye acid-fast bacilli a bright red that stands out against a blue background. Auramine-rhodamine staining and fluorescence microscopy are also used.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: Using

text: histological

text: stains

text: on

text: expectorated

text: samples

text: from

text: phlegm

text: also

text: called

text: sputum

text: scientists

text: can

text: identify

text: MTB

text: under

text: a

text: microscope

text: Since

text: MTB

text: retains

text: certain

text: stains

text: even

text: after

text: being

text: treated

text: with

text: acidic

text: solution

text: it

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: an

text: acid

text: fast

text: bacillus

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: acid

text: fast

text: staining

text: techniques

text: are

text: the

text: Ziehl

text: Neelsen

text: stain

text: and

text: the

text: Kinyoun

text: stain

text: which

text: dye

text: acid

text: fast

text: bacilli

text: a

text: bright

text: red

text: that

text: stands

text: out

text: against

text: a

text: blue

text: background

text: Auramine

text: rhodamine

text: staining

text: and

text: fluorescence

text: microscopy

text: are

text: also

text: used

question: What's another word for "sputum"?

answer: phlegm

text: phlegm

question: One of the two standard acid-fast staining techniques is the Kinyoun stain; what's the other?

answer: Ziehl–Neelsen stain

text: Ziehl–Neelsen stain

question: What color will acid-fast bacilli become when stained?

answer: bright red

text: bright red

question: What's the term for bacillus that can be exposed to acidic solutions without losing their stains?

answer: acid-fast

text: acid-fast

question: If a scientist didn't want to use an acid-fast staining technique, what type of microscopy could they use instead?

answer: fluorescence

text: fluorescence

question: What is another name for an expectorated sample?

text: sputum

question: What removes all stains from MTB?

text: acidic solution

question: What is another name for the Kinyoun stain?

text: Ziehl–Neelsen

question: What become blue when stained?

text: acid-fast bacilli

question: What color is Auramine-rhodamine staining?

text: bright red


text: Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted women's suffrage, prohibited gender-based discrimination, and entailed special protection for women in the workplace. Coinciding with the new constitution and Nasser's presidency, the RCC dissolved itself and its members resigned their military commissions as part of the transition to civilian rule. During the deliberations surrounding the establishment of a new government, Nasser began a process of sidelining his rivals among the original Free Officers, while elevating his closest allies to high-ranking positions in the cabinet.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: nomination

text: for

text: the

text: post

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: were

text: put

text: to

text: public

text: referendum

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: each

text: was

text: approved

text: by

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: A

text: National

text: Assembly

text: was

text: established

text: elections

text: for

text: which

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: July

text: Nasser

text: had

text: ultimate

text: approval

text: over

text: all

text: the

text: candidates

text: The

text: constitution

text: granted

text: women

text: 's

text: suffrage

text: prohibited

text: gender

text: based

text: discrimination

text: and

text: entailed

text: special

text: protection

text: for

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: workplace

text: Coinciding

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: and

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: presidency

text: the

text: RCC

text: dissolved

text: itself

text: and

text: its

text: members

text: resigned

text: their

text: military

text: commissions

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: transition

text: to

text: civilian

text: rule

text: During

text: the

text: deliberations

text: surrounding

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: government

text: Nasser

text: began

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: sidelining

text: his

text: rivals

text: among

text: the

text: original

text: Free

text: Officers

text: while

text: elevating

text: his

text: closest

text: allies

text: to

text: high

text: ranking

text: positions

text: in

text: the

text: cabinet

question: Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?

answer: Nasser

text: Nasser

question: Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?

answer: women

text: women

question: What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?

answer: RCC

text: RCC

question: Among the original Free Officers, what did Nasser do to his opponents?

answer: sidelining

text: sidelining

question: What did Nasser's allies receive in the new arrangement?

answer: high-ranking positions in the cabinet

text: high-ranking positions in the cabinet


text: Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem loading of sugar in C4 plants. The single celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while not an embryophyte itself, contains a green-pigmented chloroplast related to that of land plants, making it useful for study. A red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae has also been used to study some basic chloroplast functions. Spinach, peas, soybeans and a moss Physcomitrella patens are commonly used to study plant cell biology.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Model

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: Arabidopsis

text: thaliana

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: studying

text: the

text: molecular

text: biology

text: of

text: plant

text: cells

text: and

text: the

text: chloroplast

text: Ideally

text: these

text: organisms

text: have

text: small

text: genomes

text: that

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: or

text: completely

text: sequenced

text: small

text: stature

text: and

text: short

text: generation

text: times

text: Corn

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: photosynthesis

text: and

text: phloem

text: loading

text: of

text: sugar

text: in

text: plants

text: The

text: single

text: celled

text: green

text: alga

text: Chlamydomonas

text: reinhardtii

text: while

text: not

text: an

text: embryophyte

text: itself

text: contains

text: a

text: green

text: pigmented

text: chloroplast

text: related

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: land

text: plants

text: making

text: it

text: useful

text: for

text: study

text: A

text: red

text: alga

text: Cyanidioschyzon

text: merolae

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: some

text: basic

text: chloroplast

text: functions

text: Spinach

text: peas

text: soybeans

text: and

text: a

text: moss

text: Physcomitrella

text: patens

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: plant

text: cell

text: biology

question: Why is a plant chosen for the study of its cells?

answer: small genomes

text: small genomes

question: What mechanism can be studied through chromosome sequencing?

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

question: What simple plant has been used to study plant cells?

answer: red alga

text: red alga

question: What common plant has been used for studying the production of sugar?

answer: Corn

text: Corn


text: The verbs of most aspect pairs differ in one of two ways: by prefix or by suffix. In prefix pairs, the perfective verb has an added prefix—for example, the imperfective psát (to write, to be writing) compared with the perfective napsat (to write down, to finish writing). The most common prefixes are na-, o-, po-, s-, u-, vy-, z- and za-. In suffix pairs, a different infinitive ending is added to the perfective stem; for example, the perfective verbs koupit (to buy) and prodat (to sell) have the imperfective forms kupovat and prodávat. Imperfective verbs may undergo further morphology to make other imperfective verbs (iterative and frequentative forms), denoting repeated or regular action. The verb jít (to go) has the iterative form chodit (to go repeatedly) and the frequentative form chodívat (to go regularly).

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: The

text: verbs

text: of

text: most

text: aspect

text: pairs

text: differ

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: ways

text: by

text: prefix

text: or

text: by

text: suffix

text: In

text: prefix

text: pairs

text: the

text: perfective

text: verb

text: has

text: an

text: added

text: prefix

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: imperfective

text: psát

text: to

text: write

text: to

text: be

text: writing

text: compared

text: with

text: the

text: perfective

text: napsat

text: to

text: write

text: down

text: to

text: finish

text: writing

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: prefixes

text: are

text: na-

text: o-

text: po-

text: s-

text: u-

text: vy-

text: z-

text: and

text: za-

text: In

text: suffix

text: pairs

text: a

text: different

text: infinitive

text: ending

text: is

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: perfective

text: stem

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: perfective

text: verbs

text: koupit

text: to

text: buy

text: and

text: prodat

text: to

text: sell

text: have

text: the

text: imperfective

text: forms

text: kupovat

text: and

text: prodávat

text: Imperfective

text: verbs

text: may

text: undergo

text: further

text: morphology

text: to

text: make

text: other

text: imperfective

text: verbs

text: iterative

text: and

text: frequentative

text: forms

text: denoting

text: repeated

text: or

text: regular

text: action

text: The

text: verb

text: jít

text: to

text: go

text: has

text: the

text: iterative

text: form

text: chodit

text: to

text: go

text: repeatedly

text: and

text: the

text: frequentative

text: form

text: chodívat

text: to

text: go

text: regularly

question: How many ways can a verb in an aspect pair differ?

answer: two ways

text: two ways

question: What does a perfective verb have added in prefix pairs?

answer: an added prefix

text: an added prefix

question: What is added to the ending in suffix pairs?

answer: different infinitive ending

text: different infinitive ending

question: What can imperfective verb undergo to make other imperfective verbs?

answer: further morphology

text: further morphology

question: What type of action can second level morphed imperfective verbs denote?

answer: repeated or regular action

text: repeated or regular action

question: What are the most common suffixes?

text: na-, o-, po-, s-, u-, vy-, z- and za

question: What is added to the perfective stem in a prefix pair?

text: an added prefix

question: What might prefixes have happen to make other imperfective verbs?

text: morphology

question: What kind of action can morphed prefixes be a sign of?

text: repeated or regular action

question: In what two ways are perfective stems different?

text: by prefix or by suffix


text: The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM. More recently, however, WVFI has been airing independently and is streamed on the Internet.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: television

text: station

text: NDtv

text: grew

text: from

text: one

text: show

text: in

text: to

text: a

text: full

text: channel

text: with

text: original

text: programming

text: by

text: September

text: WSND

text: FM

text: serves

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: and

text: larger

text: South

text: Bend

text: community

text: at

text: FM

text: offering

text: students

text: a

text: chance

text: to

text: become

text: involved

text: in

text: bringing

text: classical

text: music

text: fine

text: arts

text: and

text: educational

text: programming

text: and

text: alternative

text: rock

text: to

text: the

text: airwaves

text: Another

text: radio

text: station

text: WVFI

text: began

text: as

text: a

text: partner

text: of

text: WSND

text: FM

text: More

text: recently

text: however

text: WVFI

text: has

text: been

text: airing

text: independently

text: and

text: is

text: streamed

text: on

text: the

text: Internet

question: Which television station finds its home at Notre Dame?

answer: NDtv

text: NDtv

question: How many programs did NDtv feature in 2002?

answer: one show

text: one show

question: Which radio station provides radio to the students of Notre Dame at 88.9 FM?

answer: WSND-FM

text: WSND-FM

question: Which internet radio station of Notre Dame is served as an internet stream?

answer: WVFI

text: WVFI


text: According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: According

text: to

text: Johnson

text: and

text: Grim

text: Buddhism

text: has

text: grown

text: from

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: adherents

text: in

text: of

text: which

text: million

text: were

text: in

text: Asia

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: of

text: which

text: million

text: are

text: in

text: Asia

text: According

text: to

text: them

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: fast

text: annual

text: growth

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: several

text: Western

text: European

text: countries

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: countries

text: with

text: highest

text: growth

text: rates

text: are

text: Qatar

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: Iran

text: and

text: some

text: African

text: countries

question: How many Buddhists were there in 1910?

answer: 138 million

text: 138 million

question: How many Buddhists are there in 2010?

answer: 495 million

text: 495 million

question: How many buddhists are in Asia?

answer: 487 million

text: 487 million


text: Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an expression of devout belief. Karl's father Simon Siegmund Carl Popper was a lawyer from Bohemia and a doctor of law at the Vienna University, and mother Jenny Schiff was of Silesian and Hungarian descent. After establishing themselves in Vienna, the Poppers made a rapid social climb in Viennese society: Simon Siegmund Carl became a partner in the law firm of Vienna's liberal Burgomaster Herr Grübl and, after Grübl's death in 1898, Simon took over the business. (Malachi Hacohen records that Herr Grübl's first name was Raimund, after which Karl received his middle name. Popper himself, in his autobiography, erroneously recalls that Herr Grübl's first name was Carl.) His father was a bibliophile who had 12,000–14,000 volumes in his personal library. Popper inherited both the library and the disposition from him.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Karl

text: Popper

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Vienna

text: then

text: in

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: in

text: to

text: upper

text: middle

text: class

text: parents

text: All

text: of

text: Karl

text: Popper

text: 's

text: grandparents

text: were

text: Jewish

text: but

text: the

text: Popper

text: family

text: converted

text: to

text: Lutheranism

text: before

text: Karl

text: was

text: born

text: and

text: so

text: he

text: received

text: Lutheran

text: baptism

text: They

text: understood

text: this

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: cultural

text: assimilation

text: not

text: as

text: an

text: expression

text: of

text: devout

text: belief

text: Karl

text: 's

text: father

text: Simon

text: Siegmund

text: Carl

text: Popper

text: was

text: a

text: lawyer

text: from

text: Bohemia

text: and

text: a

text: doctor

text: of

text: law

text: at

text: the

text: Vienna

text: University

text: and

text: mother

text: Jenny

text: Schiff

text: was

text: of

text: Silesian

text: and

text: Hungarian

text: descent

text: After

text: establishing

text: themselves

text: in

text: Vienna

text: the

text: Poppers

text: made

text: a

text: rapid

text: social

text: climb

text: in

text: Viennese

text: society

text: Simon

text: Siegmund

text: Carl

text: became

text: a

text: partner

text: in

text: the

text: law

text: firm

text: of

text: Vienna

text: 's

text: liberal

text: Burgomaster

text: Herr

text: Grübl

text: and

text: after

text: Grübl

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Simon

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: business

text: Malachi

text: Hacohen

text: records

text: that

text: Herr

text: Grübl

text: 's

text: first

text: name

text: was

text: Raimund

text: after

text: which

text: Karl

text: received

text: his

text: middle

text: name

text: Popper

text: himself

text: in

text: his

text: autobiography

text: erroneously

text: recalls

text: that

text: Herr

text: Grübl

text: 's

text: first

text: name

text: was

text: Carl

text: His

text: father

text: was

text: a

text: bibliophile

text: who

text: had

text: volumes

text: in

text: his

text: personal

text: library

text: Popper

text: inherited

text: both

text: the

text: library

text: and

text: the

text: disposition

text: from

text: him

question: In which city was Karl Popper born?

answer: Vienna

text: Vienna

question: What religion did Popper's family observe during his youth?

answer: Lutheranism

text: Lutheranism

question: Whose law firm did Popper's father join in Vienna?

answer: Burgomaster Herr Grübl

text: Burgomaster Herr Grübl

question: What numerical range of volumes did Popper's father keep in his library?

answer: 12,000–14,000

question: What disposition regarding books did Popper inherit from his father?

answer: bibliophile

text: bibliophile

question: What year did Karl Popper pass away?

question: What did the Popper family convert to after Karl was born?

text: Lutheranism

question: What was Karl Popper's mother's profession?

text: lawyer

question: Who took over the business after Simon's death?

text: Grübl

question: How many books did Karl's mother have in her library?


text: Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Federal

text: law

text: originates

text: with

text: the

text: Constitution

text: which

text: gives

text: Congress

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: enact

text: statutes

text: for

text: certain

text: limited

text: purposes

text: like

text: regulating

text: interstate

text: commerce

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: compilation

text: and

text: codification

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: and

text: permanent

text: federal

text: statutes

text: Many

text: statutes

text: give

text: executive

text: branch

text: agencies

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: create

text: regulations

text: which

text: are

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: Federal

text: Register

text: and

text: codified

text: into

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Federal

text: Regulations

text: Regulations

text: generally

text: also

text: carry

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: law

text: under

text: the

text: Chevron

text: doctrine

text: Many

text: lawsuits

text: turn

text: on

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: a

text: federal

text: statute

text: or

text: regulation

text: and

text: judicial

text: interpretations

text: of

text: such

text: meaning

text: carry

text: legal

text: force

text: under

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: stare

text: decisis

question: What does federal law come from?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: What do you call the official compilation and codification of federal statutes?

answer: The United States Code

text: The United States Code

question: Where are regulations published?

answer: in the Federal Register

text: in the Federal Register

question: Where are regulations codified into?

answer: Code of Federal Regulations

text: Code of Federal Regulations

question: Where does federal law begin?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: Who has the power and right to enact statutes for interstate dealings?

answer: Congress

text: Congress

question: What is the compilation and codification of all federal statutes?

answer: The United States Code

text: The United States Code

question: Who do the statutes give the power of creating regulations?

answer: executive branch agencies

text: executive branch agencies

question: Where are the regulations from executive branch agencies found?

answer: the Code of Federal Regulations

text: the Code of Federal Regulations

question: What does the Constitution stem from?

text: Federal law

question: What is an example of something Congress cannot regulate?

text: interstate commerce

question: What branch creates the Chevron doctrine?

text: executive

question: The Chevron doctrine compiles and codifies what?

text: general and permanent federal statutes

question: What is the Federal Register published in?

text: the Code of Federal Regulations


text: Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often stiff, especially in Japan and in independent wrestling promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH). The ring is often made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. Many of the injuries that occur in pro wrestling are shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injuries have also been linked to pro wrestling, including in the double-murder suicide case involving Chris Benoit. Professional wrestler Davey Richards said in 2015, "We train to take damage, we know we are going to take damage and we accept that".

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Although

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: is

text: worked

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: high

text: chance

text: of

text: injury

text: and

text: even

text: death

text: Strikes

text: are

text: often

text: stiff

text: especially

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: in

text: independent

text: wrestling

text: promotions

text: such

text: as

text: Combat

text: Zone

text: Wrestling

text: CZW

text: and

text: Ring

text: of

text: Honor

text: ROH

text: The

text: ring

text: is

text: often

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: by

text: timber

text: planks

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: injuries

text: that

text: occur

text: in

text: pro

text: wrestling

text: are

text: shoulders

text: knee

text: back

text: neck

text: and

text: rib

text: injuries

text: Chronic

text: traumatic

text: encephalopathy

text: and

text: traumatic

text: brain

text: injuries

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: linked

text: to

text: pro

text: wrestling

text: including

text: in

text: the

text: double

text: murder

text: suicide

text: case

text: involving

text: Chris

text: Benoit

text: Professional

text: wrestler

text: Davey

text: Richards

text: said

text: in

text: We

text: train

text: to

text: take

text: damage

text: we

text: know

text: we

text: are

text: going

text: to

text: take

text: damage

text: and

text: we

text: accept

text: that

question: What are the risks of wrestling?

answer: high chance of injury, and even death

text: high chance of injury, and even death

question: What is the ring commonly made of?

answer: 2 by 8 timber planks

text: 2 by 8 timber planks

question: What are common injuries in wrestling?

answer: shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries

text: shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries

question: What other injuries have been connected with wrestling?

answer: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injuries

text: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injuries

question: Chris Benoit was involved in what tragic event?

answer: double-murder suicide case

text: double-murder suicide case


text: At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture, the pointed arch, the ribbed vault, the ambulatory with radiating chapels, the clustered columns supporting ribs springing in different directions and the flying buttresses which enabled the insertion of large clerestory windows.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: At

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: front

text: in

text: Abbot

text: Suger

text: moved

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: end

text: leaving

text: the

text: Carolingian

text: nave

text: in

text: use

text: He

text: designed

text: a

text: choir

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: suffused

text: with

text: light

text: To

text: achieve

text: his

text: aims

text: his

text: masons

text: drew

text: on

text: the

text: several

text: new

text: features

text: which

text: evolved

text: or

text: had

text: been

text: introduced

text: to

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: the

text: pointed

text: arch

text: the

text: ribbed

text: vault

text: the

text: ambulatory

text: with

text: radiating

text: chapels

text: the

text: clustered

text: columns

text: supporting

text: ribs

text: springing

text: in

text: different

text: directions

text: and

text: the

text: flying

text: buttresses

text: which

text: enabled

text: the

text: insertion

text: of

text: large

text: clerestory

text: windows

question: When was the west front of Saint Denis completed?

answer: in 1140

text: in 1140

question: What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front?

answer: the eastern end

text: the eastern end

question: What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?

answer: the Carolingian nave

text: the Carolingian nave

question: What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis?

answer: clustered columns

text: clustered columns

question: What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows?

answer: the flying buttresses

text: the flying buttresses

question: When was the south front of Saint Denis removed?

question: What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when destructing Saint Denis?

text: clustered columns

question: What style of nave was fully altered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?

text: the Carolingian nave

question: What design element allowed the use of small clerestory doors?

text: the flying buttresses

question: What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was delayed after the completion of the west front?

text: the eastern end


text: In most computers, individual instructions are stored as machine code with each instruction being given a unique number (its operation code or opcode for short). The command to add two numbers together would have one opcode; the command to multiply them would have a different opcode, and so on. The simplest computers are able to perform any of a handful of different instructions; the more complex computers have several hundred to choose from, each with a unique numerical code. Since the computer's memory is able to store numbers, it can also store the instruction codes. This leads to the important fact that entire programs (which are just lists of these instructions) can be represented as lists of numbers and can themselves be manipulated inside the computer in the same way as numeric data. The fundamental concept of storing programs in the computer's memory alongside the data they operate on is the crux of the von Neumann, or stored program[citation needed], architecture. In some cases, a computer might store some or all of its program in memory that is kept separate from the data it operates on. This is called the Harvard architecture after the Harvard Mark I computer. Modern von Neumann computers display some traits of the Harvard architecture in their designs, such as in CPU caches.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: In

text: most

text: computers

text: individual

text: instructions

text: are

text: stored

text: as

text: machine

text: code

text: with

text: each

text: instruction

text: being

text: given

text: a

text: unique

text: number

text: its

text: operation

text: code

text: or

text: opcode

text: for

text: short

text: The

text: command

text: to

text: add

text: two

text: numbers

text: together

text: would

text: have

text: one

text: opcode

text: the

text: command

text: to

text: multiply

text: them

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: different

text: opcode

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: The

text: simplest

text: computers

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: perform

text: any

text: of

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: different

text: instructions

text: the

text: more

text: complex

text: computers

text: have

text: several

text: hundred

text: to

text: choose

text: from

text: each

text: with

text: a

text: unique

text: numerical

text: code

text: Since

text: the

text: computer

text: 's

text: memory

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: store

text: numbers

text: it

text: can

text: also

text: store

text: the

text: instruction

text: codes

text: This

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: important

text: fact

text: that

text: entire

text: programs

text: which

text: are

text: just

text: lists

text: of

text: these

text: instructions

text: can

text: be

text: represented

text: as

text: lists

text: of

text: numbers

text: and

text: can

text: themselves

text: be

text: manipulated

text: inside

text: the

text: computer

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: as

text: numeric

text: data

text: The

text: fundamental

text: concept

text: of

text: storing

text: programs

text: in

text: the

text: computer

text: 's

text: memory

text: alongside

text: the

text: data

text: they

text: operate

text: on

text: is

text: the

text: crux

text: of

text: the

text: von

text: Neumann

text: or

text: stored

text: program[citation

text: needed

text: architecture

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: a

text: computer

text: might

text: store

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: program

text: in

text: memory

text: that

text: is

text: kept

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: data

text: it

text: operates

text: on

text: This

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Harvard

text: architecture

text: after

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Mark

text: I

text: computer

text: Modern

text: von

text: Neumann

text: computers

text: display

text: some

text: traits

text: of

text: the

text: Harvard

text: architecture

text: in

text: their

text: designs

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: CPU

text: caches

question: Which computer is the Harvard architecture modeled after?

answer: Harvard Mark I computer

text: Harvard Mark I computer

question: A computer that stores its program in memory and kept separate from the data is called what?

answer: the Harvard architecture

text: the Harvard architecture


text: The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: The

text: Institute

text: also

text: maintains

text: a

text: dozen

text: regional

text: offices

text: around

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: it

text: opened

text: its

text: first

text: regional

text: office

text: for

text: the

text: East

text: of

text: England

text: at

text: Cambridge

text: in

question: How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute run in the UK?

answer: a dozen

text: a dozen

question: When was RIBA's first satellite office opened?

answer: 1966

question: In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened?

answer: Cambridge

text: Cambridge

question: What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover?

answer: the East of England

text: the East of England

question: How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute no longer run in the UK?

text: a dozen

question: When was RIBA's last satellite office opened?

question: What city was the first RIBA branch office closed?

text: Cambridge

question: What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office avoid?

text: the East of England


text: Handshake packets consist of only a single PID byte, and are generally sent in response to data packets. Error detection is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form. Three basic types are ACK, indicating that data was successfully received, NAK, indicating that the data cannot be received and should be retried, and STALL, indicating that the device has an error condition and cannot transfer data until some corrective action (such as device initialization) occurs.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Handshake

text: packets

text: consist

text: of

text: only

text: a

text: single

text: PID

text: byte

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: sent

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: data

text: packets

text: Error

text: detection

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: transmitting

text: four

text: bits

text: that

text: represent

text: the

text: packet

text: type

text: twice

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: PID

text: byte

text: using

text: complemented

text: form

text: Three

text: basic

text: types

text: are

text: ACK

text: indicating

text: that

text: data

text: was

text: successfully

text: received

text: NAK

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: data

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: received

text: and

text: should

text: be

text: retried

text: and

text: STALL

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: device

text: has

text: an

text: error

text: condition

text: and

text: can

text: not

text: transfer

text: data

text: until

text: some

text: corrective

text: action

text: such

text: as

text: device

text: initialization

text: occurs

question: Handshake packets consist of only a single what?

answer: PID byte

text: PID byte

question: When are handshake packets generally sent?

answer: in response to data packets

text: in response to data packets

question: What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form?

answer: Error detection

text: Error detection


text: The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic people, which they were not. What was to become the Manchu state was founded by Nurhaci, the chieftain of a minor Jurchen tribe – the Aisin Gioro – in Jianzhou in the early 17th century. Originally a vassal of the Ming emperors, Nurhachi embarked on an intertribal feud in 1582 that escalated into a campaign to unify the nearby tribes. By 1616, he had sufficiently consolidated Jianzhou so as to be able to proclaim himself Khan of the Great Jin in reference to the previous Jurchen dynasty.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: was

text: founded

text: not

text: by

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: who

text: constitute

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: population

text: but

text: by

text: a

text: sedentary

text: farming

text: people

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: a

text: Tungusic

text: people

text: who

text: lived

text: around

text: the

text: region

text: now

text: comprising

text: the

text: Chinese

text: provinces

text: of

text: Jilin

text: and

text: Heilongjiang

text: The

text: Manchus

text: are

text: sometimes

text: mistaken

text: for

text: a

text: nomadic

text: people

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: What

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Manchu

text: state

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Nurhaci

text: the

text: chieftain

text: of

text: a

text: minor

text: Jurchen

text: tribe

text: the

text: Aisin

text: Gioro

text: in

text: Jianzhou

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Originally

text: a

text: vassal

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: emperors

text: Nurhachi

text: embarked

text: on

text: an

text: intertribal

text: feud

text: in

text: that

text: escalated

text: into

text: a

text: campaign

text: to

text: unify

text: the

text: nearby

text: tribes

text: By

text: he

text: had

text: sufficiently

text: consolidated

text: Jianzhou

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: proclaim

text: himself

text: Khan

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Jin

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: previous

text: Jurchen

text: dynasty

question: What ethnic group make up the most people in China?

answer: Han Chinese

text: Han Chinese

question: Who founded the Qing dynasty?

answer: Jurchen

text: Jurchen

question: What type of lifestyle did the Jurchen live?

answer: sedentary farming

text: sedentary farming

question: What parts of China did they come from?

answer: Jilin and Heilongjiang

text: Jilin and Heilongjiang

question: Were the Manchu's nomadic?

answer: farming people

text: farming people


text: The new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Court of Appeal of New Zealand. In some cases, an appeal may be removed directly to the Supreme Court from the High Court. For certain cases, particularly cases which commenced in the District Court, a lower court (typically the High Court or the Court of Appeal) may be the court of final jurisdiction.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: The

text: new

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: was

text: officially

text: established

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: although

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: into

text: operation

text: until

text: July

text: The

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: was

text: until

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: a

text: purely

text: appellate

text: jurisdiction

text: and

text: hears

text: appeals

text: from

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeal

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: an

text: appeal

text: may

text: be

text: removed

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: from

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: For

text: certain

text: cases

text: particularly

text: cases

text: which

text: commenced

text: in

text: the

text: District

text: Court

text: a

text: lower

text: court

text: typically

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: or

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeal

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: final

text: jurisdiction

question: When did New Zealand's Supreme Court come into being?

answer: 2004

question: What is the role of New Zealand's highest court?

answer: purely appellate

text: purely appellate

question: What court's decisions may be appealed to New Zealand's supreme court?

answer: Court of Appeal of New Zealand

text: Court of Appeal of New Zealand

question: New Zealand's second ranking court is known as what?

answer: the High Court

text: the High Court

question: Local decisions by what judicial body may remain within the jurisdiction of local courts?

answer: the District Court

text: the District Court

question: What was officially established at the beginning of 1980?

text: new Supreme Court of New Zealand

question: What was the Supreme Court known as until 2004?

text: The High Court of New Zealand

question: Where are appeals always moved to from the High Court?

text: Supreme Court

question: What are the District Court and Court of Appeal considered to be?

text: lower court


text: Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank. Although travel time is reduced, passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart. During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Some

text: skyscraper

text: buildings

text: and

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: installation

text: feature

text: a

text: destination

text: operating

text: panel

text: where

text: a

text: passenger

text: registers

text: their

text: floor

text: calls

text: before

text: entering

text: the

text: car

text: The

text: system

text: lets

text: them

text: know

text: which

text: car

text: to

text: wait

text: for

text: instead

text: of

text: everyone

text: boarding

text: the

text: next

text: car

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: travel

text: time

text: is

text: reduced

text: as

text: the

text: elevator

text: makes

text: fewer

text: stops

text: for

text: individual

text: passengers

text: and

text: the

text: computer

text: distributes

text: adjacent

text: stops

text: to

text: different

text: cars

text: in

text: the

text: bank

text: Although

text: travel

text: time

text: is

text: reduced

text: passenger

text: waiting

text: times

text: may

text: be

text: longer

text: as

text: they

text: will

text: not

text: necessarily

text: be

text: allocated

text: the

text: next

text: car

text: to

text: depart

text: During

text: the

text: down

text: peak

text: period

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: destination

text: control

text: will

text: be

text: limited

text: as

text: passengers

text: have

text: a

text: common

text: destination

question: What function does a "destination operating panel" feature?

answer: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car

text: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car

question: What is one benefit of a "destination operating panel"

answer: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers

text: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers

question: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?

answer: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank

text: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank

question: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?

answer: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart

text: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart


text: Others argue that the rule of law has survived but was transformed to allow for the exercise of discretion by administrators. For much of American history, the dominant notion of the rule of law, in this setting, has been some version of A. V. Dicey's: “no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer in body or goods except for a distinct breach of law established in the ordinary legal manner before the ordinary Courts of the land.” That is, individuals should be able to challenge an administrative order by bringing suit in a court of general jurisdiction. As the dockets of worker compensation commissions, public utility commissions and other agencies burgeoned, it soon became apparent that letting judges decide for themselves all the facts in a dispute (such as the extent of an injury in a worker's compensation case) would overwhelm the courts and destroy the advantages of specialization that led to the creation of administrative agencies in the first place. Even Charles Evans Hughes, a Chief Justice of the United States, believed “you must have administration, and you must have administration by administrative officers.” By 1941, a compromise had emerged. If administrators adopted procedures that more-or-less tracked "the ordinary legal manner" of the courts, further review of the facts by "the ordinary Courts of the land" was unnecessary. That is, if you had your "day in commission," the rule of law did not require a further "day in court." Thus Dicey's rule of law was recast into a purely procedural form.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: Others

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: has

text: survived

text: but

text: was

text: transformed

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: discretion

text: by

text: administrators

text: For

text: much

text: of

text: American

text: history

text: the

text: dominant

text: notion

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: in

text: this

text: setting

text: has

text: been

text: some

text: version

text: of

text: A.

text: V.

text: Dicey

text: 's

text: no

text: man

text: is

text: punishable

text: or

text: can

text: be

text: lawfully

text: made

text: to

text: suffer

text: in

text: body

text: or

text: goods

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: distinct

text: breach

text: of

text: law

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: ordinary

text: legal

text: manner

text: before

text: the

text: ordinary

text: Courts

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: That

text: is

text: individuals

text: should

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: challenge

text: an

text: administrative

text: order

text: by

text: bringing

text: suit

text: in

text: a

text: court

text: of

text: general

text: jurisdiction

text: As

text: the

text: dockets

text: of

text: worker

text: compensation

text: commissions

text: public

text: utility

text: commissions

text: and

text: other

text: agencies

text: burgeoned

text: it

text: soon

text: became

text: apparent

text: that

text: letting

text: judges

text: decide

text: for

text: themselves

text: all

text: the

text: facts

text: in

text: a

text: dispute

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: an

text: injury

text: in

text: a

text: worker

text: 's

text: compensation

text: case

text: would

text: overwhelm

text: the

text: courts

text: and

text: destroy

text: the

text: advantages

text: of

text: specialization

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: administrative

text: agencies

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: place

text: Even

text: Charles

text: Evans

text: Hughes

text: a

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: believed

text: you

text: must

text: have

text: administration

text: and

text: you

text: must

text: have

text: administration

text: by

text: administrative

text: officers

text: By

text: a

text: compromise

text: had

text: emerged

text: If

text: administrators

text: adopted

text: procedures

text: that

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: tracked

text: the

text: ordinary

text: legal

text: manner

text: of

text: the

text: courts

text: further

text: review

text: of

text: the

text: facts

text: by

text: the

text: ordinary

text: Courts

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: was

text: unnecessary

text: That

text: is

text: if

text: you

text: had

text: your

text: day

text: in

text: commission

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: did

text: not

text: require

text: a

text: further

text: day

text: in

text: court

text: Thus

text: Dicey

text: 's

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: was

text: recast

text: into

text: a

text: purely

text: procedural

text: form

question: When was a compromise reached over administrative procedures for law determination?

answer: 1941

question: Who can determine if a law should be approached differently?

answer: administrators

text: administrators

question: Who should be able to challenge administrative orders in court?

answer: individuals

text: individuals

question: Who was Charles Evans Hughes?

answer: a Chief Justice of the United States

text: a Chief Justice of the United States

question: What cannot survive if administrators can't exercise discretion?

text: the rule of law

question: Who said no man is punishable or can be lawfully made to suffer except for breaching natural law?

text: A. V. Dicey

question: Who said the individual should not be able to challenge administrative order?

text: A. V. Dicey

question: Who did Dicey believe administration should be done by?

text: administrative officers

question: Whose rule of law was transformed by compromise in the nineteenth century?

text: Dicey's


text: Due to the work nature of airline pilots, who often cross several timezones and regions of sunlight and darkness in one day, and spend many hours awake both day and night, they are often unable to maintain sleep patterns that correspond to the natural human circadian rhythm; this situation can easily lead to fatigue. The NTSB cites this as contributing to many accidents[unreliable medical source?]  and has conducted several research studies in order to find methods of combating fatigue in pilots.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: work

text: nature

text: of

text: airline

text: pilots

text: who

text: often

text: cross

text: several

text: timezones

text: and

text: regions

text: of

text: sunlight

text: and

text: darkness

text: in

text: one

text: day

text: and

text: spend

text: many

text: hours

text: awake

text: both

text: day

text: and

text: night

text: they

text: are

text: often

text: unable

text: to

text: maintain

text: sleep

text: patterns

text: that

text: correspond

text: to

text: the

text: natural

text: human

text: circadian

text: rhythm

text: this

text: situation

text: can

text: easily

text: lead

text: to

text: fatigue

text: The

text: NTSB

text: cites

text: this

text: as

text: contributing

text: to

text: many

text: accidents[unreliable

text: medical

text: source

text: and

text: has

text: conducted

text: several

text: research

text: studies

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: find

text: methods

text: of

text: combating

text: fatigue

text: in

text: pilots

question: Whose work habits and environment prevents them from maintaining a regular sleep pattern?

answer: airline pilots

text: airline pilots

question: What can the lack of regular sleep patterns cause?

answer: fatigue

text: fatigue

question: What organizations cites this disruption of sleep patterns as a cause of accidents?

answer: NTSB

text: NTSB

question: What has the NTSB conducted to find the cause of pilot fatigue?

answer: research studies

text: research studies

question: Of what does the NTSB want to find a means of doing?

answer: combating fatigue

text: combating fatigue

question: Who follows a very natural human circadian rhythem?

text: airline pilots

question: what does a natural circadian rhythem lead to?

text: fatigue

question: Who conducted studies on sewardes fatigue?

text: NTSB


text: The radiation pattern of an antenna is a plot of the relative field strength of the radio waves emitted by the antenna at different angles. It is typically represented by a three-dimensional graph, or polar plots of the horizontal and vertical cross sections. The pattern of an ideal isotropic antenna, which radiates equally in all directions, would look like a sphere. Many nondirectional antennas, such as monopoles and dipoles, emit equal power in all horizontal directions, with the power dropping off at higher and lower angles; this is called an omnidirectional pattern and when plotted looks like a torus or donut.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: radiation

text: pattern

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: is

text: a

text: plot

text: of

text: the

text: relative

text: field

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: radio

text: waves

text: emitted

text: by

text: the

text: antenna

text: at

text: different

text: angles

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: represented

text: by

text: a

text: three

text: dimensional

text: graph

text: or

text: polar

text: plots

text: of

text: the

text: horizontal

text: and

text: vertical

text: cross

text: sections

text: The

text: pattern

text: of

text: an

text: ideal

text: isotropic

text: antenna

text: which

text: radiates

text: equally

text: in

text: all

text: directions

text: would

text: look

text: like

text: a

text: sphere

text: Many

text: nondirectional

text: antennas

text: such

text: as

text: monopoles

text: and

text: dipoles

text: emit

text: equal

text: power

text: in

text: all

text: horizontal

text: directions

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: dropping

text: off

text: at

text: higher

text: and

text: lower

text: angles

text: this

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: omnidirectional

text: pattern

text: and

text: when

text: plotted

text: looks

text: like

text: a

text: torus

text: or

text: donut

question: A plot of the radiation behaviors of an antenna would show what?

answer: relative field strength

text: relative field strength

question: What type of pictoral aid is often used to show this?

answer: three-dimensional graph

text: three-dimensional graph

question: A sphere shows what type of antennas radiation?

answer: isotropic

text: isotropic

question: Dipoles are considered to be what antenna type?

answer: nondirectional

text: nondirectional

question: What would an omnidirectional antenna look like if plotted?

answer: donut

text: donut


text: Improved aircraft designs were in the offing with the Bristol Beaufighter, then under development. It would prove formidable, but its development was slow. The Beaufighter had a maximum speed of 320 mph (510 km/h), an operational ceiling of 26,000 ft (7,900 m) and a climb rate of 2,500 ft (760 m) per minute. Its armament of four 20 mm (0.79 in) Hispano cannon and six .303 in Browning machine guns offered a serious threat to German bombers. On 19 November, John Cunningham of No. 604 Squadron RAF shot down a bomber flying an AI-equipped Beaufighter. It was the first air victory for the airborne radar.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Improved

text: aircraft

text: designs

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: offing

text: with

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Beaufighter

text: then

text: under

text: development

text: It

text: would

text: prove

text: formidable

text: but

text: its

text: development

text: was

text: slow

text: The

text: Beaufighter

text: had

text: a

text: maximum

text: speed

text: of

text: mph

text: km

text: h

text: an

text: operational

text: ceiling

text: of

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: a

text: climb

text: rate

text: of

text: ft

text: m

text: per

text: minute

text: Its

text: armament

text: of

text: four

text: mm

text: in

text: Hispano

text: cannon

text: and

text: six

text: in

text: Browning

text: machine

text: guns

text: offered

text: a

text: serious

text: threat

text: to

text: German

text: bombers

text: On

text: November

text: John

text: Cunningham

text: of

text: No

text: Squadron

text: RAF

text: shot

text: down

text: a

text: bomber

text: flying

text: an

text: AI

text: equipped

text: Beaufighter

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: air

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: airborne

text: radar

question: What was the max speed of a Beaufighter?

answer: 320 mph (510 km/h)

text: 320 mph (510 km/h)

question: What is the operational ceiling of the Beaufighter?

answer: 26,000 ft (7,900 m)

text: 26,000 ft (7,900 m)

question: how many machine guns did the Beaufighter include?

answer: six .303 in Browning machine guns

text: six .303 in Browning machine guns

question: What day was the first victory the RAF had with airborne radar?

answer: 19 November

text: 19 November


text: At the Battle of Pulo Aura, which was probably the company's most notable naval victory, Nathaniel Dance, Commodore of a convoy of Indiamen and sailing aboard the Warley, led several Indiamen in a skirmish with a French squadron, driving them off. Some six years earlier, on 28 January 1797, five Indiamen, the Woodford, under Captain Charles Lennox, the Taunton-Castle, Captain Edward Studd, Canton, Captain Abel Vyvyan, and Boddam, Captain George Palmer, and Ocean, Captain John Christian Lochner, had encountered Admiral de Sercey and his squadron of frigates. On this occasion the Indiamen also succeeded in bluffing their way to safety, and without any shots even being fired. Lastly, on 15 June 1795, the General Goddard played a large role in the capture of seven Dutch East Indiamen off St Helena.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Pulo

text: Aura

text: which

text: was

text: probably

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: most

text: notable

text: naval

text: victory

text: Nathaniel

text: Dance

text: Commodore

text: of

text: a

text: convoy

text: of

text: Indiamen

text: and

text: sailing

text: aboard

text: the

text: Warley

text: led

text: several

text: Indiamen

text: in

text: a

text: skirmish

text: with

text: a

text: French

text: squadron

text: driving

text: them

text: off

text: Some

text: six

text: years

text: earlier

text: on

text: January

text: five

text: Indiamen

text: the

text: Woodford

text: under

text: Captain

text: Charles

text: Lennox

text: the

text: Taunton

text: Castle

text: Captain

text: Edward

text: Studd

text: Canton

text: Captain

text: Abel

text: Vyvyan

text: and

text: Boddam

text: Captain

text: George

text: Palmer

text: and

text: Ocean

text: Captain

text: John

text: Christian

text: Lochner

text: had

text: encountered

text: Admiral

text: de

text: Sercey

text: and

text: his

text: squadron

text: of

text: frigates

text: On

text: this

text: occasion

text: the

text: Indiamen

text: also

text: succeeded

text: in

text: bluffing

text: their

text: way

text: to

text: safety

text: and

text: without

text: any

text: shots

text: even

text: being

text: fired

text: Lastly

text: on

text: June

text: the

text: General

text: Goddard

text: played

text: a

text: large

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: seven

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indiamen

text: off

text: St

text: Helena

question: What was the most notable naval victory EIC  had?

answer: Battle of Pulo Aura

text: Battle of Pulo Aura

question: what general played the biggest role in the capture of the seven Dutch East Indiamen?

answer: General Goddard

text: General Goddard

question: Where were the 7 Dutch Easteast indiamen capture?

answer: off St Helena

text: off St Helena

question: In 1797 how did the  Woodford  get to safety without firing one bullet?

answer: bluffing

text: bluffing

question: in 1797 who was the captian of the Woodford that is first listed of the 5 captians?

answer: Captain Charles Lennox

text: Captain Charles Lennox

question: What was the only naval defeat EIC had?

text: Battle of Pulo Aura

question: What policeman played the largest role in the capture of the seven Dutch East Indiamen?

text: General Goddard

question: Where were the 6 Dutch East Indiamen captured?

text: off St Helena

question: How did the Indiamen get to safety by firing just one bullet in 1797?

text: bluffing


text: As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d'état and therefore giving the superficial appearance of empowering the population (and unwittingly supervising the population), which, according to mercantilist theory, was to be the main strength of the state. Thus, its functions largely overreached simple law enforcement activities and included public health concerns, urban planning (which was important because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc.), and surveillance of prices.

title: Police

title: Police

text: As

text: conceptualized

text: by

text: the

text: Polizeiwissenschaft

text: according

text: to

text: Foucault

text: the

text: police

text: had

text: an

text: administrative

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: duty

text: procuring

text: abundance

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: demographic

text: concerns

text: and

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: incorporated

text: within

text: the

text: western

text: political

text: philosophy

text: system

text: of

text: raison

text: d'état

text: and

text: therefore

text: giving

text: the

text: superficial

text: appearance

text: of

text: empowering

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: unwittingly

text: supervising

text: the

text: population

text: which

text: according

text: to

text: mercantilist

text: theory

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: main

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Thus

text: its

text: functions

text: largely

text: overreached

text: simple

text: law

text: enforcement

text: activities

text: and

text: included

text: public

text: health

text: concerns

text: urban

text: planning

text: which

text: was

text: important

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: miasma

text: theory

text: of

text: disease

text: thus

text: cemeteries

text: were

text: moved

text: out

text: of

text: town

text: etc

text: and

text: surveillance

text: of

text: prices

question: Who wrote about Polizeiwissenschaft?

answer: Foucault

text: Foucault

question: How did Foucault describe the social duty of police?

answer: procuring abundance

text: procuring abundance

question: Which economic theory did Foucault say supported the police?

answer: mercantilist theory

text: mercantilist theory

question: Why did the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning?

answer: because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc.

text: because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc.

question: Who never wrote about Polizeiwissenschaft?

text: Foucault

question: How did Foucault describe the social duty of army?

text: procuring abundance

question: Which economic theory did Foucault say rejected the police?

text: mercantilist theory

question: Which biology theory did Foucault say supported the police?

text: mercantilist theory

question: Why didn't the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning?


text: Allusions to legal issues in To Kill a Mockingbird, particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, has drawn the attention from legal scholars. Claudia Durst Johnson writes that "a greater volume of critical readings has been amassed by two legal scholars in law journals than by all the literary scholars in literary journals". The opening quote by the 19th-century essayist Charles Lamb reads: "Lawyers, I suppose, were children once." Johnson notes that even in Scout and Jem's childhood world, compromises and treaties are struck with each other by spitting on one's palm and laws are discussed by Atticus and his children: is it right that Bob Ewell hunts and traps out of season? Many social codes are broken by people in symbolic courtrooms: Mr. Dolphus Raymond has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children; Mayella Ewell is beaten by her father in punishment for kissing Tom Robinson; by being turned into a non-person, Boo Radley receives a punishment far greater than any court could have given him. Scout repeatedly breaks codes and laws and reacts to her punishment for them. For example, she refuses to wear frilly clothes, saying that Aunt Alexandra's "fanatical" attempts to place her in them made her feel "a pink cotton penitentiary closing in on [her]". Johnson states, "[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Allusions

text: to

text: legal

text: issues

text: in

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: particularly

text: in

text: scenes

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: courtroom

text: has

text: drawn

text: the

text: attention

text: from

text: legal

text: scholars

text: Claudia

text: Durst

text: Johnson

text: writes

text: that

text: a

text: greater

text: volume

text: of

text: critical

text: readings

text: has

text: been

text: amassed

text: by

text: two

text: legal

text: scholars

text: in

text: law

text: journals

text: than

text: by

text: all

text: the

text: literary

text: scholars

text: in

text: literary

text: journals

text: The

text: opening

text: quote

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: essayist

text: Charles

text: Lamb

text: reads

text: Lawyers

text: I

text: suppose

text: were

text: children

text: once

text: Johnson

text: notes

text: that

text: even

text: in

text: Scout

text: and

text: Jem

text: 's

text: childhood

text: world

text: compromises

text: and

text: treaties

text: are

text: struck

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: spitting

text: on

text: one

text: 's

text: palm

text: and

text: laws

text: are

text: discussed

text: by

text: Atticus

text: and

text: his

text: children

text: is

text: it

text: right

text: that

text: Bob

text: Ewell

text: hunts

text: and

text: traps

text: out

text: of

text: season

text: Many

text: social

text: codes

text: are

text: broken

text: by

text: people

text: in

text: symbolic

text: courtrooms

text: Mr.

text: Dolphus

text: Raymond

text: has

text: been

text: exiled

text: by

text: society

text: for

text: taking

text: a

text: black

text: woman

text: as

text: his

text: common

text: law

text: wife

text: and

text: having

text: interracial

text: children

text: Mayella

text: Ewell

text: is

text: beaten

text: by

text: her

text: father

text: in

text: punishment

text: for

text: kissing

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: by

text: being

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: non

text: person

text: Boo

text: Radley

text: receives

text: a

text: punishment

text: far

text: greater

text: than

text: any

text: court

text: could

text: have

text: given

text: him

text: Scout

text: repeatedly

text: breaks

text: codes

text: and

text: laws

text: and

text: reacts

text: to

text: her

text: punishment

text: for

text: them

text: For

text: example

text: she

text: refuses

text: to

text: wear

text: frilly

text: clothes

text: saying

text: that

text: Aunt

text: Alexandra

text: 's

text: fanatical

text: attempts

text: to

text: place

text: her

text: in

text: them

text: made

text: her

text: feel

text: a

text: pink

text: cotton

text: penitentiary

text: closing

text: in

text: on

text: her

text: Johnson

text: states

text: t]he

text: novel

text: is

text: a

text: study

text: of

text: how

text: Jem

text: and

text: Scout

text: begin

text: to

text: perceive

text: the

text: complexity

text: of

text: social

text: codes

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: configuration

text: of

text: relationships

text: dictated

text: by

text: or

text: set

text: off

text: by

text: those

text: codes

text: fails

text: or

text: nurtures

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: their

text: small

text: worlds

question: Which character is chastised in the book for marrying a black woman?

answer: Dolphus Raymond

text: Dolphus Raymond

question: Who does Charles Lamb speculate were once children?

answer: Lawyers

text: Lawyers

question: What is another name for Scout's pink cotton penitentiary?

answer: frilly clothes

text: frilly clothes


text: Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: Investment

text: in

text: the

text: telecom

text: industry

text: is

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: clearest

text: signs

text: that

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: economy

text: has

text: continued

text: to

text: develop

text: The

text: sector

text: provides

text: key

text: communication

text: services

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: facilitates

text: job

text: creation

text: and

text: income

text: generation

question: Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve?

answer: telecom industry

text: telecom industry

question: What sector provides key communication services?

answer: telecom

text: telecom

question: Why are local governments investing in telecom?

question: What percentage of Somalia's economy is telecom?

question: Which industry in Somalia is not improving?

text: Somalia's economy

question: What are key communication services?

text: the telecom industry