text: In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reorganised, which allowed the emperors John I (r. 969–976) and Basil II (r. 976–1025) to expand the frontiers of the empire on all fronts. The imperial court was the centre of a revival of classical learning, a process known as the Macedonian Renaissance. Writers such as John Geometres (fl. early 10th century) composed new hymns, poems, and other works. Missionary efforts by both eastern and western clergy resulted in the conversion of the Moravians, Bulgars, Bohemians, Poles, Magyars, and Slavic inhabitants of the Kievan Rus'. These conversions contributed to the founding of political states in the lands of those peoples—the states of Moravia, Bulgaria, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, and the Kievan Rus'. Bulgaria, which was founded around 680, at its height reached from Budapest to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River in modern Ukraine to the Adriatic Sea. By 1018, the last Bulgarian nobles had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Byzantium

text: revived

text: its

text: fortunes

text: under

text: Emperor

text: Basil

text: I

text: r.

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: Leo

text: VI

text: r.

text: and

text: Constantine

text: VII

text: r.

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: dynasty

text: Commerce

text: revived

text: and

text: the

text: emperors

text: oversaw

text: the

text: extension

text: of

text: a

text: uniform

text: administration

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: provinces

text: The

text: military

text: was

text: reorganised

text: which

text: allowed

text: the

text: emperors

text: John

text: I

text: r.

text: and

text: Basil

text: II

text: r.

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: frontiers

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: on

text: all

text: fronts

text: The

text: imperial

text: court

text: was

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: a

text: revival

text: of

text: classical

text: learning

text: a

text: process

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: Renaissance

text: Writers

text: such

text: as

text: John

text: Geometres

text: fl

text: early

text: century

text: composed

text: new

text: hymns

text: poems

text: and

text: other

text: works

text: Missionary

text: efforts

text: by

text: both

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: clergy

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: Moravians

text: Bulgars

text: Bohemians

text: Poles

text: Magyars

text: and

text: Slavic

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: These

text: conversions

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: political

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: those

text: peoples

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Moravia

text: Bulgaria

text: Bohemia

text: Poland

text: Hungary

text: and

text: the

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: Bulgaria

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: around

text: at

text: its

text: height

text: reached

text: from

text: Budapest

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: River

text: in

text: modern

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: By

text: the

text: last

text: Bulgarian

text: nobles

text: had

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

question: Of what dynasty was Leo VI a member?

answer: Macedonian

text: Macedonian

question: During what period did Constantine VII reign?

answer: 913–959

question: When did Basil I's rule begin?

answer: 867

question: During what century did John Geometres flourish?

answer: 10th

question: In approximately what year was Bulgaria founded?

answer: 680


text: There exist two different spin isomers of hydrogen diatomic molecules that differ by the relative spin of their nuclei. In the orthohydrogen form, the spins of the two protons are parallel and form a triplet state with a molecular spin quantum number of 1 (1⁄2+1⁄2); in the parahydrogen form the spins are antiparallel and form a singlet with a molecular spin quantum number of 0 (1⁄2–1⁄2). At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen gas contains about 25% of the para form and 75% of the ortho form, also known as the "normal form". The equilibrium ratio of orthohydrogen to parahydrogen depends on temperature, but because the ortho form is an excited state and has a higher energy than the para form, it is unstable and cannot be purified. At very low temperatures, the equilibrium state is composed almost exclusively of the para form. The liquid and gas phase thermal properties of pure parahydrogen differ significantly from those of the normal form because of differences in rotational heat capacities, as discussed more fully in spin isomers of hydrogen. The ortho/para distinction also occurs in other hydrogen-containing molecules or functional groups, such as water and methylene, but is of little significance for their thermal properties.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: There

text: exist

text: two

text: different

text: spin

text: isomers

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: diatomic

text: molecules

text: that

text: differ

text: by

text: the

text: relative

text: spin

text: of

text: their

text: nuclei

text: In

text: the

text: orthohydrogen

text: form

text: the

text: spins

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: protons

text: are

text: parallel

text: and

text: form

text: a

text: triplet

text: state

text: with

text: a

text: molecular

text: spin

text: quantum

text: number

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: parahydrogen

text: form

text: the

text: spins

text: are

text: antiparallel

text: and

text: form

text: a

text: singlet

text: with

text: a

text: molecular

text: spin

text: quantum

text: number

text: of

text: At

text: standard

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: hydrogen

text: gas

text: contains

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: para

text: form

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: ortho

text: form

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: normal

text: form

text: The

text: equilibrium

text: ratio

text: of

text: orthohydrogen

text: to

text: parahydrogen

text: depends

text: on

text: temperature

text: but

text: because

text: the

text: ortho

text: form

text: is

text: an

text: excited

text: state

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: higher

text: energy

text: than

text: the

text: para

text: form

text: it

text: is

text: unstable

text: and

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: purified

text: At

text: very

text: low

text: temperatures

text: the

text: equilibrium

text: state

text: is

text: composed

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: of

text: the

text: para

text: form

text: The

text: liquid

text: and

text: gas

text: phase

text: thermal

text: properties

text: of

text: pure

text: parahydrogen

text: differ

text: significantly

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: normal

text: form

text: because

text: of

text: differences

text: in

text: rotational

text: heat

text: capacities

text: as

text: discussed

text: more

text: fully

text: in

text: spin

text: isomers

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: The

text: ortho

text: para

text: distinction

text: also

text: occurs

text: in

text: other

text: hydrogen

text: containing

text: molecules

text: or

text: functional

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: and

text: methylene

text: but

text: is

text: of

text: little

text: significance

text: for

text: their

text: thermal

text: properties

question: How many different spin isomers exist?

answer: 2

question: What state are the protons in when in the orthohydrogen form?

answer: triplet state

text: triplet state

question: When hydrogen gas is in standard temperature and pressure, what form is it considered in>

answer: normal

text: normal

question: What percent of para form does hydrogen gas contain?

answer: 25%

question: What percent of ortho form does hydrogen gas contain?

answer: 75%


text: North Carolina provides a large range of recreational activities, from swimming at the beach to skiing in the mountains. North Carolina offers fall colors, freshwater and saltwater fishing, hunting, birdwatching, agritourism, ATV trails, ballooning, rock climbing, biking, hiking, skiing, boating and sailing, camping, canoeing, caving (spelunking), gardens, and arboretums. North Carolina has theme parks, aquariums, museums, historic sites, lighthouses, elegant theaters, concert halls, and fine dining.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: provides

text: a

text: large

text: range

text: of

text: recreational

text: activities

text: from

text: swimming

text: at

text: the

text: beach

text: to

text: skiing

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: North

text: Carolina

text: offers

text: fall

text: colors

text: freshwater

text: and

text: saltwater

text: fishing

text: hunting

text: birdwatching

text: agritourism

text: ATV

text: trails

text: ballooning

text: rock

text: climbing

text: biking

text: hiking

text: skiing

text: boating

text: and

text: sailing

text: camping

text: canoeing

text: caving

text: spelunking

text: gardens

text: and

text: arboretums

text: North

text: Carolina

text: has

text: theme

text: parks

text: aquariums

text: museums

text: historic

text: sites

text: lighthouses

text: elegant

text: theaters

text: concert

text: halls

text: and

text: fine

text: dining

question: Fishing, hunting, and birdwatching are what kind of activities that are provided in North Carolina?

answer: recreational

text: recreational

question: In the Fall, people go to North Carolina to see what?

answer: fall colors

text: fall colors

question: What is another name for caving?

answer: spelunking

text: spelunking


text: The Vedānta school built upon the teachings of the Upanishads and Brahma Sutras from the first millennium BCE and is the most developed and well-known of the Hindu schools. The epistemology of the Vedantins included, depending on the sub-school, five or six methods as proper and reliable means of gaining any form of knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). Each of these have been further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by each sub-school of Vedanta.

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: The

text: Vedānta

text: school

text: built

text: upon

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: the

text: Upanishads

text: and

text: Brahma

text: Sutras

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: developed

text: and

text: well

text: known

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: schools

text: The

text: epistemology

text: of

text: the

text: Vedantins

text: included

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: sub

text: school

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: methods

text: as

text: proper

text: and

text: reliable

text: means

text: of

text: gaining

text: any

text: form

text: of

text: knowledge

text: pratyakṣa

text: perception

text: anumāṇa

text: inference

text: upamāṇa

text: comparison

text: and

text: analogy

text: arthāpatti

text: postulation

text: derivation

text: from

text: circumstances

text: anupalabdi

text: non

text: perception

text: negative

text: cognitive

text: proof

text: and

text: śabda

text: word

text: testimony

text: of

text: past

text: or

text: present

text: reliable

text: experts

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: have

text: been

text: further

text: categorized

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: conditionality

text: completeness

text: confidence

text: and

text: possibility

text: of

text: error

text: by

text: each

text: sub

text: school

text: of

text: Vedanta

question: On which sutras did the Vedanta school focus?

answer: Upanishads and Brahma

text: Upanishads and Brahma

question: In what time did the Vedanta school become active?

answer: first millennium BCE

text: first millennium BCE

question: Which is the most developed and well known of the Hindu schools?

answer: Vedānta

text: Vedānta

question: How many ways did the Vedantins have of gaining knowledge?

answer: five or six methods

text: five or six methods

question: On what was dependent for the choice of methods in gaining knowledge?

answer: sub-school

text: sub-school

question: What is the least developed Hindu school?

text: The Vedānta school

question: Which sutras did the Vedanta reject?

text: Upanishads and Brahma

question: When did the Vedanta school end?

text: the first millennium BCE

question: Which method of gaining knowledge is not included in the Vedanta school?

text: śabda

question: What are sub-schools not allowed to do with the epistemologies?

text: further categorized


text: Of the approximately 850 municipalities of Thuringia, 126 are classed as towns (within a district) or cities (forming their own urban district). Most of the towns are small with a population of less than 10,000; only the ten biggest ones have a population greater than 30,000. The first towns emerged during the 12th century, whereas the latest ones received town status only in the 20th century. Today, all municipalities within districts are equal in law, whether they are towns or villages. Independent cities (i.e. urban districts) have greater powers (the same as any district) than towns within a district.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: Of

text: the

text: approximately

text: municipalities

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: are

text: classed

text: as

text: towns

text: within

text: a

text: district

text: or

text: cities

text: forming

text: their

text: own

text: urban

text: district

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: towns

text: are

text: small

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: only

text: the

text: ten

text: biggest

text: ones

text: have

text: a

text: population

text: greater

text: than

text: The

text: first

text: towns

text: emerged

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: whereas

text: the

text: latest

text: ones

text: received

text: town

text: status

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Today

text: all

text: municipalities

text: within

text: districts

text: are

text: equal

text: in

text: law

text: whether

text: they

text: are

text: towns

text: or

text: villages

text: Independent

text: cities

text: i.e.

text: urban

text: districts

text: have

text: greater

text: powers

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: any

text: district

text: than

text: towns

text: within

text: a

text: district

question: How many municipalities are in Thuringia?

answer: 850

question: How many municipalities in Thuringia are classified as towns?

answer: 126

question: How many towns have populations greater than 30,000?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: What was the latest a town was established in Thuringia?

answer: the 20th century

text: the 20th century

question: Which regions of Thuringia have the most political power?

answer: Independent cities (i.e. urban districts) have greater powers (the same as any district) than towns within a district.

text: Independent cities (i.e. urban districts) have greater powers (the same as any district) than towns within a district.

question: How many municipalities are destroyed in Thuringia?

question: How many municipalities in Thuringia are classified as hostile?

question: How many towns have populations greater than 300,000?

text: ten

question: What was the latest a town was demolished in Thuringia?

text: the 20th century

question: Which regions of Thuringia have no political power?

text: Independent cities


text: Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Armenia

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: Collective

text: Security

text: Treaty

text: Organisation

text: CSTO

text: along

text: with

text: Belarus

text: Kazakhstan

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: Russia

text: Tajikistan

text: and

text: Uzbekistan

text: It

text: participates

text: in

text: NATO

text: 's

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: PiP

text: program

text: and

text: is

text: in

text: a

text: NATO

text: organisation

text: called

text: Euro

text: Atlantic

text: Partnership

text: Council

text: EAPC

text: Armenia

text: has

text: engaged

text: in

text: a

text: peacekeeping

text: mission

text: in

text: Kosovo

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: non

text: NATO

text: KFOR

text: troops

text: under

text: Greek

text: command

text: Armenia

text: also

text: had

text: members

text: of

text: its

text: military

text: peacekeeping

text: forces

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Coalition

text: Forces

text: in

text: Iraq

text: War

text: until

text: October

question: What does CSTO stand for?

answer: Collective Security Treaty Organisation

text: Collective Security Treaty Organisation

question: What does EAPC stand for?

answer: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

text: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

question: Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO?

answer: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

text: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

question: When did Armenia remove its peacekeepers from Iraq?

answer: October 2008

text: October 2008


text: Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses. It is an arbitrary matter which, and how many, gene loci we choose to consider as a significant 'constellation'". Leonard Lieberman and Rodney Kirk have pointed out that "the paramount weakness of this statement is that if one gene can distinguish races then the number of races is as numerous as the number of human couples reproducing." Moreover, the anthropologist Stephen Molnar has suggested that the discordance of clines inevitably results in a multiplication of races that renders the concept itself useless. The Human Genome Project states "People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other."

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Another

text: way

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: differences

text: between

text: populations

text: is

text: to

text: measure

text: genetic

text: differences

text: rather

text: than

text: physical

text: differences

text: between

text: groups

text: The

text: century

text: anthropologist

text: William

text: C.

text: Boyd

text: defined

text: race

text: as

text: A

text: population

text: which

text: differs

text: significantly

text: from

text: other

text: populations

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: frequency

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: genes

text: it

text: possesses

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: matter

text: which

text: and

text: how

text: many

text: gene

text: loci

text: we

text: choose

text: to

text: consider

text: as

text: a

text: significant

text: constellation

text: Leonard

text: Lieberman

text: and

text: Rodney

text: Kirk

text: have

text: pointed

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: paramount

text: weakness

text: of

text: this

text: statement

text: is

text: that

text: if

text: one

text: gene

text: can

text: distinguish

text: races

text: then

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: races

text: is

text: as

text: numerous

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: human

text: couples

text: reproducing

text: Moreover

text: the

text: anthropologist

text: Stephen

text: Molnar

text: has

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: discordance

text: of

text: clines

text: inevitably

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: multiplication

text: of

text: races

text: that

text: renders

text: the

text: concept

text: itself

text: useless

text: The

text: Human

text: Genome

text: Project

text: states

text: People

text: who

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: geographic

text: region

text: for

text: many

text: generations

text: may

text: have

text: some

text: alleles

text: in

text: common

text: but

text: no

text: allele

text: will

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: one

text: population

text: and

text: in

text: no

text: members

text: of

text: any

text: other

question: What can one use to look at differences between groups instead of physical differences?

answer: genetic differences

text: genetic differences

question: Who was William C. Boyd?

answer: mid-20th-century anthropologist

text: mid-20th-century anthropologist

question: Boyd felt race was based on a specific differentiation of the frequency of what in a population?

answer: genes

text: genes

question: How numerous would the number of races be if one gene can distinguish races?

answer: number of human couples reproducing

text: number of human couples reproducing

question: What may people who have lived in the same area for generations have in common?

answer: alleles

text: alleles


text: Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute and Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company among others.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: art

text: groups

text: of

text: China

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: they

text: include

text: the

text: Qianxian

text: Dance

text: Company

text: Nanjing

text: Dance

text: Company

text: Jiangsu

text: Peking

text: Opera

text: Institute

text: and

text: Nanjing

text: Xiaohonghua

text: Art

text: Company

text: among

text: others

question: Where do some of the country's most prominent art groups call home?

answer: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

question: Which opera company is based in Nanjing?

answer: Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute

text: Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute

question: What art company is based in Nanjing?

answer: Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company

text: Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company

question: Name two dance groups that are based in Nanjing:

answer: the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company

text: the Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company


text: A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators. They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators. Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: A

text: residential

text: elevator

text: is

text: often

text: permitted

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: lower

text: cost

text: and

text: complexity

text: than

text: full

text: commercial

text: elevators

text: They

text: may

text: have

text: unique

text: design

text: characteristics

text: suited

text: for

text: home

text: furnishings

text: such

text: as

text: hinged

text: wooden

text: shaft

text: access

text: doors

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: typical

text: metal

text: sliding

text: doors

text: of

text: commercial

text: elevators

text: Construction

text: may

text: be

text: less

text: robust

text: than

text: in

text: commercial

text: designs

text: with

text: shorter

text: maintenance

text: periods

text: but

text: safety

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: locks

text: on

text: shaft

text: access

text: doors

text: fall

text: arrestors

text: and

text: emergency

text: phones

text: must

text: still

text: be

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: malfunction

question: What type of elevators are generally less costly than full commercial elevators?

answer: residential

text: residential

question: What type of doors do commercial elevators use?

answer: metal sliding

text: metal sliding

question: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs?

answer: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones

text: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones

question: What type of elevator has a hinged wooden shaft-access door?

answer: residential

text: residential


text: Until the period following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted, but they were not always seen as distinct. Bertram Lenox Simpson, a colonial officer killed eventually in China, uses the terms together in his 1910 book, The Conflict of Color, as "the Near and Middle East." The total super-region consisted of "India, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabistan, Asia Minor, and last, but not least, Egypt." Simpson (under his pen-name, Weale) explains that this entire region "is politically one region – in spite of the divisions into which it is academically divided." His own term revives "the Nearer East" as opposed to "the Far East."

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Until

text: the

text: period

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: coexisted

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: always

text: seen

text: as

text: distinct

text: Bertram

text: Lenox

text: Simpson

text: a

text: colonial

text: officer

text: killed

text: eventually

text: in

text: China

text: uses

text: the

text: terms

text: together

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Conflict

text: of

text: Color

text: as

text: the

text: Near

text: and

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: total

text: super

text: region

text: consisted

text: of

text: India

text: Afghanistan

text: Persia

text: Arabistan

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: and

text: last

text: but

text: not

text: least

text: Egypt

text: Simpson

text: under

text: his

text: pen

text: name

text: Weale

text: explains

text: that

text: this

text: entire

text: region

text: is

text: politically

text: one

text: region

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: the

text: divisions

text: into

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: academically

text: divided

text: His

text: own

text: term

text: revives

text: the

text: Nearer

text: East

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: Far

text: East

question: The Near East and the Middle East coexisted until what period?

answer: the period following World War I

text: the period following World War I

question: Who was the colonial officer killed in China?

answer: Bertram Lenox Simpson

text: Bertram Lenox Simpson

question: Who wrote the 1910 book 'The Conflict of Color'?

answer: Bertram Lenox Simpson

text: Bertram Lenox Simpson

question: What was Simpson's pen-name?

answer: Weale

text: Weale


text: In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: In

text: researchers

text: from

text: the

text: Wildlife

text: Conservation

text: Society

text: studied

text: gorillas

text: in

text: heavily

text: forested

text: regions

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Ouesso

text: district

text: of

text: the

text: Sangha

text: Region

text: They

text: suggest

text: a

text: population

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: Western

text: Lowland

text: Gorillas

text: whose

text: isolation

text: from

text: humans

text: has

text: been

text: largely

text: preserved

text: by

text: inhospitable

text: swamps

question: Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?

answer: Wildlife Conservation Society

text: Wildlife Conservation Society

question: What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?

answer: Sangha Region

text: Sangha Region

question: What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?

answer: inhospitable swamps

text: inhospitable swamps

question: When did researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society study chimps?

question: Where did researchers study chimps in heavily forested regions?

text: Ouesso district

question: How many chimpanzees live in the area?

question: What has kept the chimps isolated from humans?

text: inhospitable swamps

question: In what kind of regions did researchers not find any gorillas?

text: heavily forested


text: In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey. On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: In

text: the

text: two

text: icons

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: icon

text: painter

text: Sergei

text: Fyodorov

text: were

text: hung

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: funeral

text: of

text: Diana

text: Princess

text: of

text: Wales

text: was

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: Abbey

text: On

text: September

text: Pope

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: pope

text: to

text: set

text: foot

text: in

text: the

text: abbey

question: Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1990s?

answer: Sergei Fyodorov

text: Sergei Fyodorov

question: What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1997?

answer: funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales

text: funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales

question: Who was the first pope to set foot in the abbey?

answer: Pope Benedict XVI

text: Pope Benedict XVI

question: On what date did the first pope set foot in the abbey?

answer: 17 September 2010

text: 17 September 2010

question: What nationality was Sergei Fyodorov?

answer: Russian

text: Russian

question: Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1980s?

text: Sergei Fyodorov

question: What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1996?

text: funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales

question: Who was the last pope to set foot in the abbey?

text: Pope Benedict XVI

question: On what date did the last pope set foot in the abbey?

text: 17 September 2010

question: What nationality was Sergei Fedorov?

text: Russian


text: For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: Arsenal

text: 's

text: away

text: colours

text: were

text: white

text: shirts

text: and

text: either

text: black

text: or

text: white

text: shorts

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: Arsenal

text: introduced

text: an

text: away

text: kit

text: of

text: yellow

text: shirts

text: with

text: blue

text: shorts

text: This

text: kit

text: was

text: worn

text: in

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: as

text: Arsenal

text: beat

text: Liverpool

text: to

text: secure

text: the

text: double

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: their

text: history

text: Arsenal

text: reached

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: final

text: again

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: wearing

text: the

text: red

text: and

text: white

text: home

text: strip

text: and

text: were

text: beaten

text: by

text: Leeds

text: United

text: Arsenal

text: then

text: competed

text: in

text: three

text: consecutive

text: FA

text: Cup

text: finals

text: between

text: and

text: wearing

text: their

text: lucky

text: yellow

text: and

text: blue

text: strip

text: which

text: remained

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: away

text: strip

text: until

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: a

text: green

text: and

text: navy

text: away

text: kit

text: in

text: The

text: following

text: season

text: Arsenal

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: yellow

text: and

text: blue

text: scheme

text: albeit

text: with

text: a

text: darker

text: shade

text: of

text: blue

text: than

text: before

question: During what season were Arsenal's away colors white shirts and white or black shorts?

answer: 1969–70 season

text: 1969–70 season

question: When did Arsenal adolpt the away colors or yellow shirts and blue shorts?

answer: 1969–70 season

text: 1969–70 season

question: For what competition did Arsenal use the yellow and blue away kit?

answer: 1971 FA Cup Final

text: 1971 FA Cup Final

question: What did Arsenal consider the yellow and blue colors to be after losing a FA Cup final wearing red and white?

answer: lucky

text: lucky

question: What is the difference in the Arsenal color of blue in the away kit after 1983?

answer: darker shade

text: darker shade

question: What away color socks did Arsenal wear for many years?

text: black

question: What color socks did Arsenal players wear during the 1969-70 season?

text: blue

question: What color sleeves did Arsenal have in the 1969-70 season?

text: yellow

question: What was Arsenal's home shirt colours during the 1969-70 season?

text: blue

question: What color shirts were worn by Liverpool players in 1971?

text: yellow


text: In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test (AFC Test) to determine if it is too abstract to qualify for protection, or too dissimilar to an original work to be considered infringing. Software-related case law has also clarified that the amount of R&D, effort and expense put into a work's creation doesn't affect copyright protection.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: for

text: example

text: copyright

text: case

text: law

text: contains

text: a

text: substantial

text: similarity

text: requirement

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: the

text: work

text: was

text: copied

text: Likewise

text: courts

text: may

text: require

text: computer

text: software

text: to

text: pass

text: an

text: Abstraction

text: Filtration

text: Comparison

text: test

text: AFC

text: Test

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: too

text: abstract

text: to

text: qualify

text: for

text: protection

text: or

text: too

text: dissimilar

text: to

text: an

text: original

text: work

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: infringing

text: Software

text: related

text: case

text: law

text: has

text: also

text: clarified

text: that

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: R&D

text: effort

text: and

text: expense

text: put

text: into

text: a

text: work

text: 's

text: creation

text: does

text: n't

text: affect

text: copyright

text: protection

question: Which country needs a similarity requirement to determine if the work was copied?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing?

answer: Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test

text: Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test

question: What has software case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation?

answer: doesn't affect copyright protection

text: doesn't affect copyright protection

question: Which country needs a similarity requirement to determine if the work wasn't copied?

text: U.S.

question: Which country doesn't need a similarity requirement to determine if the work was copied?

text: U.S.

question: What test might courts require hardware to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing?

text: Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test

question: What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it isn't protected or infringing?

text: Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test

question: What has hardware case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation?

text: doesn't affect copyright protection


text: The Martorana church (decorated around 1143) looked originally even more Byzantine although important parts were later demolished. The dome mosaic is similar to that of the Cappella Palatina, with Christ enthroned in the middle and four bowed, elongated angels. The Greek inscriptions, decorative patterns, and evangelists in the squinches are obviously executed by the same Greek masters who worked on the Cappella Palatina. The mosaic depicting Roger II of Sicily, dressed in Byzantine imperial robes and receiving the crown by Christ, was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel, the Theotokos with Georgios of Antiochia, the founder of the church.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Martorana

text: church

text: decorated

text: around

text: looked

text: originally

text: even

text: more

text: Byzantine

text: although

text: important

text: parts

text: were

text: later

text: demolished

text: The

text: dome

text: mosaic

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Cappella

text: Palatina

text: with

text: Christ

text: enthroned

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: and

text: four

text: bowed

text: elongated

text: angels

text: The

text: Greek

text: inscriptions

text: decorative

text: patterns

text: and

text: evangelists

text: in

text: the

text: squinches

text: are

text: obviously

text: executed

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: Greek

text: masters

text: who

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: Cappella

text: Palatina

text: The

text: mosaic

text: depicting

text: Roger

text: II

text: of

text: Sicily

text: dressed

text: in

text: Byzantine

text: imperial

text: robes

text: and

text: receiving

text: the

text: crown

text: by

text: Christ

text: was

text: originally

text: in

text: the

text: demolished

text: narthex

text: together

text: with

text: another

text: panel

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: with

text: Georgios

text: of

text: Antiochia

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: church

question: When was the Martorana church decorated?

answer: around 1143

text: around 1143

question: Who is featured in the mosaic at the Martorana church?

answer: Christ

text: Christ

question: The Martorana church was likely decorated by the same greek masters who decorated which church?

answer: the Cappella Palatina

text: the Cappella Palatina

question: Who was the founder of the Martorana church?

answer: Georgios of Antiochia

text: Georgios of Antiochia

question: Who is receiving a crown from christ in the mosaic originally in the narthex?

answer: Roger II

text: Roger II


text: The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States. The failure of IndyMac Bank on July 11, 2008, was the fourth largest bank failure in United States history up until the crisis precipitated even larger failures, and the second largest failure of a regulated thrift. IndyMac Bank's parent corporation was IndyMac Bancorp until the FDIC seized IndyMac Bank. IndyMac Bancorp filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in July 2008.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: The

text: first

text: visible

text: institution

text: to

text: run

text: into

text: trouble

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: the

text: Southern

text: California

text: based

text: IndyMac

text: a

text: spin

text: off

text: of

text: Countrywide

text: Financial

text: Before

text: its

text: failure

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: savings

text: and

text: loan

text: association

text: in

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: market

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: mortgage

text: originator

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: on

text: July

text: was

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: bank

text: failure

text: in

text: United

text: States

text: history

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: crisis

text: precipitated

text: even

text: larger

text: failures

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: failure

text: of

text: a

text: regulated

text: thrift

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: 's

text: parent

text: corporation

text: was

text: IndyMac

text: Bancorp

text: until

text: the

text: FDIC

text: seized

text: IndyMac

text: Bank

text: IndyMac

text: Bancorp

text: filed

text: for

text: Chapter

text: bankruptcy

text: in

text: July

question: Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States?

answer: IndyMac

text: IndyMac

question: Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of?

answer: Countrywide Financial

text: Countrywide Financial

question: Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States?

answer: IndyMac Bank

text: IndyMac Bank

question: On what date did IndyMac fail?

answer: July 11, 2008

text: July 11, 2008

question: Who was IndyMac's parent corporation?

answer: IndyMac Bancorp

text: IndyMac Bancorp


text: Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman prose tradition, for instance, the influence of Romanticism can be seen during the Tanzimat period, and that of the Realist and Naturalist movements in subsequent periods; in the poetic tradition, on the other hand, it was the influence of the Symbolist and Parnassian movements that became paramount.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Due

text: to

text: historically

text: close

text: ties

text: with

text: France

text: French

text: literature

text: came

text: to

text: constitute

text: the

text: major

text: Western

text: influence

text: on

text: Ottoman

text: literature

text: throughout

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: movements

text: prevalent

text: in

text: France

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: also

text: had

text: their

text: Ottoman

text: equivalents

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: Ottoman

text: prose

text: tradition

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Romanticism

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: during

text: the

text: Tanzimat

text: period

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Realist

text: and

text: Naturalist

text: movements

text: in

text: subsequent

text: periods

text: in

text: the

text: poetic

text: tradition

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Symbolist

text: and

text: Parnassian

text: movements

text: that

text: became

text: paramount

question: What was the biggest influence from the west on Ottoman literature?

answer: French literature

text: French literature

question: During what time period was Ottoman literate most influenced by the west?

answer: the latter half of the 19th century

text: the latter half of the 19th century

question: During the Tanzimat what western influence could be seen?

answer: the influence of Romanticism

text: the influence of Romanticism

question: The poetic tradition had its biggest influence on what Ottoman literary movements?

answer: the Symbolist and Parnassian movements

text: the Symbolist and Parnassian movements

question: Romanticism, and Realism were two movements from the west that influenced the Ottoman literary scene, what was the third?

answer: Naturalist

text: Naturalist


text: Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun. Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Agriculture

text: and

text: horticulture

text: seek

text: to

text: optimize

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: optimize

text: the

text: productivity

text: of

text: plants

text: Techniques

text: such

text: as

text: timed

text: planting

text: cycles

text: tailored

text: row

text: orientation

text: staggered

text: heights

text: between

text: rows

text: and

text: the

text: mixing

text: of

text: plant

text: varieties

text: can

text: improve

text: crop

text: yields

text: While

text: sunlight

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: a

text: plentiful

text: resource

text: the

text: exceptions

text: highlight

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: to

text: agriculture

text: During

text: the

text: short

text: growing

text: seasons

text: of

text: the

text: Little

text: Ice

text: Age

text: French

text: and

text: English

text: farmers

text: employed

text: fruit

text: walls

text: to

text: maximize

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: These

text: walls

text: acted

text: as

text: thermal

text: masses

text: and

text: accelerated

text: ripening

text: by

text: keeping

text: plants

text: warm

text: Early

text: fruit

text: walls

text: were

text: built

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: facing

text: south

text: but

text: over

text: time

text: sloping

text: walls

text: were

text: developed

text: to

text: make

text: better

text: use

text: of

text: sunlight

text: In

text: Nicolas

text: Fatio

text: de

text: Duillier

text: even

text: suggested

text: using

text: a

text: tracking

text: mechanism

text: which

text: could

text: pivot

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: Sun

text: Applications

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: in

text: agriculture

text: aside

text: from

text: growing

text: crops

text: include

text: pumping

text: water

text: drying

text: crops

text: brooding

text: chicks

text: and

text: drying

text: chicken

text: manure

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: technology

text: has

text: been

text: embraced

text: by

text: vinters

text: who

text: use

text: the

text: energy

text: generated

text: by

text: solar

text: panels

text: to

text: power

text: grape

text: presses

question: During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy?

answer: fruit walls

text: fruit walls

question: Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what?

answer: power grape presses

text: power grape presses

question: Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured?

answer: to optimize the productivity of plants

text: to optimize the productivity of plants

question: What are some techniques used to improve crop production?

answer: timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties

text: timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties

question: What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?

answer: employed fruit walls

text: employed fruit walls

question: What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers?

answer: acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm

text: acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm


text: The Ministry of Defence is one of the United Kingdom's largest landowners, owning 227,300 hectares of land and foreshore (either freehold or leasehold) at April 2014, which was valued at "about £20 billion". The MoD also has "rights of access" to a further 222,000 hectares. In total, this is about 1.8% of the UK land mass. The total annual cost to support the defence estate is "in excess of £3.3 billion".

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defence

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: largest

text: landowners

text: owning

text: hectares

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: foreshore

text: either

text: freehold

text: or

text: leasehold

text: at

text: April

text: which

text: was

text: valued

text: at

text: about

text: billion

text: The

text: MoD

text: also

text: has

text: rights

text: of

text: access

text: to

text: a

text: further

text: hectares

text: In

text: total

text: this

text: is

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: land

text: mass

text: The

text: total

text: annual

text: cost

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: defence

text: estate

text: is

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: billion

question: How much land is owned by the MoD?

answer: 227,300 hectares

text: 227,300 hectares

question: How much is the land owned by the MoD worth?

answer: £20 billion

text: £20 billion

question: The MoD owns or has rights of access to what percentage of the UK's total land?

answer: 1.8%

question: How much is the annual cost to support the defence estate?

answer: in excess of £3.3 billion

text: in excess of £3.3 billion

question: Who is one of the largest landowners in the UK?

answer: The Ministry of Defence

text: The Ministry of Defence

question: Who is one of the UK's largest owners of debt?

text: The Ministry of Defence

question: How much debt does the Ministry of Defence own?

text: £20 billion

question: What is the annual cost to support rights of access for UK citizens?

text: "in excess of £3.3 billion"

question: How much of the population of the UK has rights of access?

question: What is the total cost of supporting UK citizens rights to own land?

text: £3.3 billion"


text: The Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomates, lacking a body cavity, as are their closest relatives, the microscopic Gastrotricha. The other platyzoan phyla are mostly microscopic and pseudocoelomate. The most prominent are the Rotifera or rotifers, which are common in aqueous environments. They also include the Acanthocephala or spiny-headed worms, the Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and possibly the Cycliophora. These groups share the presence of complex jaws, from which they are called the Gnathifera.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: The

text: Platyzoa

text: include

text: the

text: phylum

text: Platyhelminthes

text: the

text: flatworms

text: These

text: were

text: originally

text: considered

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: primitive

text: Bilateria

text: but

text: it

text: now

text: appears

text: they

text: developed

text: from

text: more

text: complex

text: ancestors

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: parasites

text: are

text: included

text: in

text: this

text: group

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: flukes

text: and

text: tapeworms

text: Flatworms

text: are

text: acoelomates

text: lacking

text: a

text: body

text: cavity

text: as

text: are

text: their

text: closest

text: relatives

text: the

text: microscopic

text: Gastrotricha

text: The

text: other

text: platyzoan

text: phyla

text: are

text: mostly

text: microscopic

text: and

text: pseudocoelomate

text: The

text: most

text: prominent

text: are

text: the

text: Rotifera

text: or

text: rotifers

text: which

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: aqueous

text: environments

text: They

text: also

text: include

text: the

text: Acanthocephala

text: or

text: spiny

text: headed

text: worms

text: the

text: Gnathostomulida

text: Micrognathozoa

text: and

text: possibly

text: the

text: Cycliophora

text: These

text: groups

text: share

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: complex

text: jaws

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: Gnathifera

question: What is another name for flatworm?

answer: Platyhelminthes

text: Platyhelminthes

question: What are some parasites included in the Platyhelminthes group?

answer: flukes and tapeworms

text: flukes and tapeworms

question: What does acoelomates mean?

answer: lacking a body cavity

text: lacking a body cavity

question: What are the flatworms closest relative?

answer: Gastrotricha

text: Gastrotricha

question: Where are the rotifera most prominent?

answer: in aqueous environments

text: in aqueous environments


text: From 1877 to 1878, the area suffered a rash of stagecoach robberies. Most notable, however, were the two holdups committed by masked road-agent William Whitney Brazelton. Brazelton held up two stages in the summer of 1878 near Point of Mountain Station approximately 17 mi (27 km) northwest of Tucson. John Clum, of Tombstone, Arizona fame was one of the passengers. Brazelton was eventually tracked down and killed on Monday August 19, 1878, in a mesquite bosque along the Santa Cruz River 3 miles (5 km) south of Tucson by Pima County Sheriff Charles A. Shibell and his citizen's posse. Brazelton had been suspected of highway robbery not only in the Tucson area, but also in the Prescott region and Silver City, New Mexico area as well. Brazelton's crimes prompted John J. Valentine, Sr. of Wells, Fargo & Co. to send special agent and future Pima County sheriff Bob Paul to investigate. Fort Lowell, then east of Tucson, was established to help protect settlers from Apache attacks. In 1882, Frank Stilwell was implicated in the murder of Morgan Earp by Cowboy Pete Spence's wife, Marietta, at the coroner's inquest on Morgan Earp's shooting. The coroner's jury concluded that Spence, Stilwell, Frederick Bode, and Florentino "Indian Charlie" Cruz were the prime suspects in the assassination of Morgan Earp. :250 Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp gathered a few trusted friends and accompanied Virgil Earp and his family as they traveled to Benson for a train ride to California. They found Stilwell lying in wait for Virgil in the Tucson station and killed him on the tracks. After killing Stilwell, Wyatt deputized others and rode on a vendetta, killing three more cowboys over the next few days before leaving the state.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: suffered

text: a

text: rash

text: of

text: stagecoach

text: robberies

text: Most

text: notable

text: however

text: were

text: the

text: two

text: holdups

text: committed

text: by

text: masked

text: road

text: agent

text: William

text: Whitney

text: Brazelton

text: Brazelton

text: held

text: up

text: two

text: stages

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: near

text: Point

text: of

text: Mountain

text: Station

text: approximately

text: mi

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: Tucson

text: John

text: Clum

text: of

text: Tombstone

text: Arizona

text: fame

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: passengers

text: Brazelton

text: was

text: eventually

text: tracked

text: down

text: and

text: killed

text: on

text: Monday

text: August

text: in

text: a

text: mesquite

text: bosque

text: along

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: Tucson

text: by

text: Pima

text: County

text: Sheriff

text: Charles

text: A.

text: Shibell

text: and

text: his

text: citizen

text: 's

text: posse

text: Brazelton

text: had

text: been

text: suspected

text: of

text: highway

text: robbery

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: Tucson

text: area

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: Prescott

text: region

text: and

text: Silver

text: City

text: New

text: Mexico

text: area

text: as

text: well

text: Brazelton

text: 's

text: crimes

text: prompted

text: John

text: J.

text: Valentine

text: Sr

text: of

text: Wells

text: Fargo

text: Co.

text: to

text: send

text: special

text: agent

text: and

text: future

text: Pima

text: County

text: sheriff

text: Bob

text: Paul

text: to

text: investigate

text: Fort

text: Lowell

text: then

text: east

text: of

text: Tucson

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: help

text: protect

text: settlers

text: from

text: Apache

text: attacks

text: In

text: Frank

text: Stilwell

text: was

text: implicated

text: in

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: Morgan

text: Earp

text: by

text: Cowboy

text: Pete

text: Spence

text: 's

text: wife

text: Marietta

text: at

text: the

text: coroner

text: 's

text: inquest

text: on

text: Morgan

text: Earp

text: 's

text: shooting

text: The

text: coroner

text: 's

text: jury

text: concluded

text: that

text: Spence

text: Stilwell

text: Frederick

text: Bode

text: and

text: Florentino

text: Indian

text: Charlie

text: Cruz

text: were

text: the

text: prime

text: suspects

text: in

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Morgan

text: Earp

text: Deputy

text: U.S.

text: Marshal

text: Wyatt

text: Earp

text: gathered

text: a

text: few

text: trusted

text: friends

text: and

text: accompanied

text: Virgil

text: Earp

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: as

text: they

text: traveled

text: to

text: Benson

text: for

text: a

text: train

text: ride

text: to

text: California

text: They

text: found

text: Stilwell

text: lying

text: in

text: wait

text: for

text: Virgil

text: in

text: the

text: Tucson

text: station

text: and

text: killed

text: him

text: on

text: the

text: tracks

text: After

text: killing

text: Stilwell

text: Wyatt

text: deputized

text: others

text: and

text: rode

text: on

text: a

text: vendetta

text: killing

text: three

text: more

text: cowboys

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: days

text: before

text: leaving

text: the

text: state

question: What date did William Whitney Brazelton Die?

answer: August 19, 1878

text: August 19, 1878

question: What is the name of the sheriff who shot William Whitney Brazelton?

answer: Charles A. Shibell

text: Charles A. Shibell

question: Who was held responsible for the murder of Morgan Earp?

answer: Frank Stilwell

text: Frank Stilwell

question: What was Wyatt Earp's job title?

answer: Deputy U.S. Marshal

text: Deputy U.S. Marshal

question: What Deputy was responsible for the death of Frank Stiwell?

answer: Wyatt Earp

text: Wyatt Earp

question: What crime increased in the Tucson area in 1877?

answer: stagecoach robberies

text: stagecoach robberies

question: Who was the most famous stagecoach robber in the Tucson area?

answer: William Whitney Brazelton

text: William Whitney Brazelton

question: When was Brazelton killed?

answer: August 19, 1878

text: August 19, 1878

question: Who killed Brazelton?

answer: Charles A. Shibell and his citizen's posse

text: Charles A. Shibell and his citizen's posse

question: What was Shibell's job?

answer: Pima County Sheriff

text: Pima County Sheriff


text: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: It

text: suffered

text: damage

text: during

text: the

text: turbulent

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: attacked

text: by

text: Puritan

text: iconoclasts

text: but

text: was

text: again

text: protected

text: by

text: its

text: close

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: period

text: Oliver

text: Cromwell

text: was

text: given

text: an

text: elaborate

text: funeral

text: there

text: in

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: disinterred

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: posthumously

text: hanged

text: from

text: a

text: gibbet

text: at

text: Tyburn

question: When did the abbey suffer damage?

answer: 1640s

question: Who attacked the abbey?

answer: Puritan iconoclasts

text: Puritan iconoclasts

question: What protected the abbey?

answer: ties to the state during the Commonwealth

text: ties to the state during the Commonwealth

question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?

answer: Oliver Cromwell

text: Oliver Cromwell

question: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?

answer: January 1661

text: January 1661

question: When didn't the abbey suffer damage?

question: Who defended the abbey?

text: Puritan iconoclasts

question: What attacked the abbey?

question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1685?

text: Oliver Cromwell

question: When was Oliver Cromwell murdered?

text: January 1661


text: Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Georgian

text: architecture

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: in

text: most

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: architectural

text: styles

text: current

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: is

text: eponymous

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: British

text: monarchs

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

text: George

text: I

text: George

text: II

text: George

text: III

text: and

text: George

text: IV

text: who

text: reigned

text: in

text: continuous

text: succession

text: from

text: August

text: to

text: June

text: The

text: style

text: was

text: revived

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: Colonial

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: as

text: Neo

text: Georgian

text: architecture

text: in

text: both

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Georgian

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: In

text: America

text: the

text: term

text: Georgian

text: is

text: generally

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: all

text: building

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: regardless

text: of

text: style

text: in

text: Britain

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: restricted

text: to

text: buildings

text: that

text: are

text: architectural

text: in

text: intention

text: and

text: have

text: stylistic

text: characteristics

text: that

text: are

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: though

text: that

text: covers

text: a

text: wide

text: range

question: Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830?

answer: George I, George II, George III, and George IV

text: George I, George II, George III, and George IV

question: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?

answer: Colonial Revival

text: Colonial Revival

question: Between what years was Georgian architecture in style?

answer: between 1714 and 1830

text: between 1714 and 1830

question: What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture.

answer: Neo-Georgian

text: Neo-Georgian

question: What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830?

answer: House of Hanover

text: House of Hanover

question: What type of architecture was current before 1714?

text: Georgian architecture

question: What was the name of the 20th centry revival in the United States?

text: Colonial Revival

question: What was the name of the 19th century revival in Great Britian?

text: Colonial Revival architecture

question: What is the American term Georgian restricted to?


text: North Carolina is also home to many well-known private colleges and universities, including Duke University, Wake Forest University, Pfeiffer University, Lees-McRae College, Davidson College, Barton College, North Carolina Wesleyan College, Elon University, Guilford College, Livingstone College, Salem College, Shaw University (the first historically black college or university in the South), Laurel University, Meredith College, Methodist University, Belmont Abbey College (the only Catholic college in the Carolinas), Campbell University, University of Mount Olive, Montreat College, High Point University, Lenoir-Rhyne University (the only Lutheran university in North Carolina) and Wingate University.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: well

text: known

text: private

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: including

text: Duke

text: University

text: Wake

text: Forest

text: University

text: Pfeiffer

text: University

text: Lees

text: McRae

text: College

text: Davidson

text: College

text: Barton

text: College

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Wesleyan

text: College

text: Elon

text: University

text: Guilford

text: College

text: Livingstone

text: College

text: Salem

text: College

text: Shaw

text: University

text: the

text: first

text: historically

text: black

text: college

text: or

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Laurel

text: University

text: Meredith

text: College

text: Methodist

text: University

text: Belmont

text: Abbey

text: College

text: the

text: only

text: Catholic

text: college

text: in

text: the

text: Carolinas

text: Campbell

text: University

text: University

text: of

text: Mount

text: Olive

text: Montreat

text: College

text: High

text: Point

text: University

text: Lenoir

text: Rhyne

text: University

text: the

text: only

text: Lutheran

text: university

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: and

text: Wingate

text: University

question: Duke University and Shaw University are examples of what type of colleges that are in North Carolina?

answer: private

text: private

question: What was the first black college in the south?

answer: Shaw University

text: Shaw University

question: What is the name of the only Catholic college in the Carolinas?

answer: Belmont Abbey College

text: Belmont Abbey College

question: What is the name of the only Lutheran University in North Carolina?

answer: Lenoir-Rhyne University

text: Lenoir-Rhyne University


text: In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for "Dutch", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the end of the 15th century, but received competition from the more popular terminology Nederduits, "Low Dutch", for several reasons. One of them was it reflected a distinction with Hoogduits, "High Dutch", meaning the language spoken in Germany. The Hoog was later dropped, and thus, Duits narrowed down in meaning to refer to the German language.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: In

text: Dutch

text: itself

text: Diets

text: went

text: out

text: of

text: common

text: use

text: although

text: Platdiets

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: transitional

text: Limburgish

text: Ripuarian

text: dialects

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Belgium

text: Nederlands

text: the

text: official

text: Dutch

text: word

text: for

text: Dutch

text: did

text: not

text: become

text: firmly

text: established

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: This

text: designation

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: received

text: competition

text: from

text: the

text: more

text: popular

text: terminology

text: Nederduits

text: Low

text: Dutch

text: for

text: several

text: reasons

text: One

text: of

text: them

text: was

text: it

text: reflected

text: a

text: distinction

text: with

text: Hoogduits

text: High

text: Dutch

text: meaning

text: the

text: language

text: spoken

text: in

text: Germany

text: The

text: Hoog

text: was

text: later

text: dropped

text: and

text: thus

text: Duits

text: narrowed

text: down

text: in

text: meaning

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: language

question: Dutch people didn't have an officially established word for the "Dutch" language until what century?

answer: 19th

question: What word meaning "Low Dutch" was sometimes used to distinguish Dutch from Germany's language?

answer: Nederduits

text: Nederduits

question: Instead of "German," what word used to refer to the language of the country of Germany?

answer: Hoogduits

text: Hoogduits

question: What does "Hoogduits" translate to in English?

answer: High Dutch

text: High Dutch

question: Now that "Nederlands" is used for Dutch in Dutch, what do Dutch speakers call German?

answer: Duits

text: Duits


text: Birds are often important to island ecology. Birds have frequently reached islands that mammals have not; on those islands, birds may fulfill ecological roles typically played by larger animals. For example, in New Zealand the moas were important browsers, as are the kereru and kokako today. Today the plants of New Zealand retain the defensive adaptations evolved to protect them from the extinct moa. Nesting seabirds may also affect the ecology of islands and surrounding seas, principally through the concentration of large quantities of guano, which may enrich the local soil and the surrounding seas.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Birds

text: are

text: often

text: important

text: to

text: island

text: ecology

text: Birds

text: have

text: frequently

text: reached

text: islands

text: that

text: mammals

text: have

text: not

text: on

text: those

text: islands

text: birds

text: may

text: fulfill

text: ecological

text: roles

text: typically

text: played

text: by

text: larger

text: animals

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: the

text: moas

text: were

text: important

text: browsers

text: as

text: are

text: the

text: kereru

text: and

text: kokako

text: today

text: Today

text: the

text: plants

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: retain

text: the

text: defensive

text: adaptations

text: evolved

text: to

text: protect

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: extinct

text: moa

text: Nesting

text: seabirds

text: may

text: also

text: affect

text: the

text: ecology

text: of

text: islands

text: and

text: surrounding

text: seas

text: principally

text: through

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: large

text: quantities

text: of

text: guano

text: which

text: may

text: enrich

text: the

text: local

text: soil

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: seas

question: What are often important to island ecology?

answer: Birds

text: Birds

question: What type of birds may also affect the ecology of islands and surrounding areas?

answer: Nesting seabirds

text: Nesting seabirds

question: In New Zealand, what were important browsers, as the kereru and kokako are today?

answer: moas

text: moas


text: Greece was eventually occupied by the Nazis who proceeded to administer Athens and Thessaloniki, while other regions of the country were given to Nazi Germany's partners, Fascist Italy and Bulgaria. The occupation brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Over 100,000 civilians died of starvation during the winter of 1941–1942, tens of thousands more died because of reprisals by Nazis and collaborators, the country's economy was ruined and the great majority of Greek Jews were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. The Greek Resistance, one of the most effective resistance movements in Europe fought vehemently against the Nazis and their collaborators. The German occupiers committed numerous atrocities, mass executions, and wholesale slaughter of civilians and destruction of towns and villages in reprisals. In the course of the concerted anti-guerrilla campaign, hundreds of villages were systematically torched and almost 1,000,000 Greeks left homeless. In total, the Germans executed some 21,000 Greeks, the Bulgarians 40,000 and the Italians 9,000.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: was

text: eventually

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Nazis

text: who

text: proceeded

text: to

text: administer

text: Athens

text: and

text: Thessaloniki

text: while

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: were

text: given

text: to

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: partners

text: Fascist

text: Italy

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: The

text: occupation

text: brought

text: about

text: terrible

text: hardships

text: for

text: the

text: Greek

text: civilian

text: population

text: Over

text: civilians

text: died

text: of

text: starvation

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: more

text: died

text: because

text: of

text: reprisals

text: by

text: Nazis

text: and

text: collaborators

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economy

text: was

text: ruined

text: and

text: the

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: Greek

text: Jews

text: were

text: deported

text: and

text: murdered

text: in

text: Nazi

text: concentration

text: camps

text: The

text: Greek

text: Resistance

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: effective

text: resistance

text: movements

text: in

text: Europe

text: fought

text: vehemently

text: against

text: the

text: Nazis

text: and

text: their

text: collaborators

text: The

text: German

text: occupiers

text: committed

text: numerous

text: atrocities

text: mass

text: executions

text: and

text: wholesale

text: slaughter

text: of

text: civilians

text: and

text: destruction

text: of

text: towns

text: and

text: villages

text: in

text: reprisals

text: In

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: concerted

text: anti

text: guerrilla

text: campaign

text: hundreds

text: of

text: villages

text: were

text: systematically

text: torched

text: and

text: almost

text: Greeks

text: left

text: homeless

text: In

text: total

text: the

text: Germans

text: executed

text: some

text: Greeks

text: the

text: Bulgarians

text: and

text: the

text: Italians

question: How many Greeks starved due to Nazi occupation?

answer: Over 100,000

text: Over 100,000

question: In what years did thousands of Greeks starve?

answer: 1941–1942

question: What civilian group in Greece fought against Nazi occupation?

answer: The Greek Resistance

text: The Greek Resistance

question: How many Greek citizens were displace due to Nazi retaliations?

answer: almost 1,000,000

text: almost 1,000,000


text: Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century. Medicine was also studied, especially in southern Italy, where Islamic medicine influenced the school at Salerno.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Among

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: Islamic

text: influence

text: on

text: this

text: period

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: was

text: the

text: replacement

text: of

text: Roman

text: numerals

text: with

text: the

text: decimal

text: positional

text: number

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: algebra

text: which

text: allowed

text: more

text: advanced

text: mathematics

text: Astronomy

text: advanced

text: following

text: the

text: translation

text: of

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: Almagest

text: from

text: Greek

text: into

text: Latin

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Medicine

text: was

text: also

text: studied

text: especially

text: in

text: southern

text: Italy

text: where

text: Islamic

text: medicine

text: influenced

text: the

text: school

text: at

text: Salerno

question: What invention led to advances in mathematics?

answer: algebra

text: algebra

question: What influential astronomy text did Ptomely author?

answer: Almagest

text: Almagest

question: In what language was Almagest originally written?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: In what city was a medical school located that was notably influenced by Islamic medicine?

answer: Salerno

text: Salerno

question: Into what language was Almagest translated in the 12th century?

answer: Latin

text: Latin


text: Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files. A new "File History" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device, while Storage Spaces allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: Explorer

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: renamed

text: File

text: Explorer

text: now

text: includes

text: a

text: ribbon

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: command

text: bar

text: File

text: operation

text: dialog

text: boxes

text: have

text: been

text: updated

text: to

text: provide

text: more

text: detailed

text: statistics

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: pause

text: file

text: transfers

text: and

text: improvements

text: in

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: manage

text: conflicts

text: when

text: copying

text: files

text: A

text: new

text: File

text: History

text: function

text: allows

text: incremental

text: revisions

text: of

text: files

text: to

text: be

text: backed

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: restored

text: from

text: a

text: secondary

text: storage

text: device

text: while

text: Storage

text: Spaces

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: combine

text: different

text: sized

text: hard

text: disks

text: into

text: virtual

text: drives

text: and

text: specify

text: mirroring

text: parity

text: or

text: no

text: redundancy

text: on

text: a

text: folder

text: by

text: folder

text: basis

question: What replaced the Windows Explorer comman bar?

answer: a ribbon

text: a ribbon

question: What is the new name of Windows Explorer?

answer: File Explorer

text: File Explorer

question: What did the update of operation dalog boxes help with?

answer: provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files

text: provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files

question: What does file history make possible?

answer: allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device

text: allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device

question: What never replaced the Windows Explorer common bar?

text: a ribbon

question: What is the old name of Windows Explorer?

text: File Explorer

question: What did the update of operation dalog boxes hurt with?

question: What didn't the update of operation dalog boxes help with?

question: What does file history make impossible?


text: Often, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior or actual sexual orientation. While the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and American Psychiatric Association state that sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others, the American Psychological Association distinguishes between sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Often

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: and

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: identity

text: are

text: not

text: distinguished

text: which

text: can

text: impact

text: accurately

text: assessing

text: sexual

text: identity

text: and

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: change

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: identity

text: can

text: change

text: throughout

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: life

text: and

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: align

text: with

text: biological

text: sex

text: sexual

text: behavior

text: or

text: actual

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: While

text: the

text: Centre

text: for

text: Addiction

text: and

text: Mental

text: Health

text: and

text: American

text: Psychiatric

text: Association

text: state

text: that

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: innate

text: continuous

text: or

text: fixed

text: throughout

text: their

text: lives

text: for

text: some

text: people

text: but

text: is

text: fluid

text: or

text: changes

text: over

text: time

text: for

text: others

text: the

text: American

text: Psychological

text: Association

text: distinguishes

text: between

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: an

text: innate

text: attraction

text: and

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: identity

text: which

text: may

text: change

text: at

text: any

text: point

text: in

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: life

question: What can impact accurately assesing sexual identity?

answer: sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished

text: sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished

question: What does the Centre For Addiction and Mental heal along with the American Psychiatric association state about sexual orientation?

answer: sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others,

text: sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others,

question: What does the American Psychological Assocation distinguish between?

answer: sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).

text: sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).


text: In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wine and food to the dead continued; St Augustine (following St Ambrose) feared that this invited the "drunken" practices of Parentalia but commended funeral feasts as a Christian opportunity to give alms of food to the poor. Christians attended Parentalia and its accompanying Feralia and Caristia in sufficient numbers for the Council of Tours to forbid them in AD 567. Other funerary and commemorative practices were very different. Traditional Roman practice spurned the corpse as a ritual pollution; inscriptions noted the day of birth and duration of life. The Christian Church fostered the veneration of saintly relics, and inscriptions marked the day of death as a transition to "new life".

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: Imperial

text: era

text: the

text: burial

text: and

text: commemorative

text: practises

text: of

text: Christian

text: and

text: non

text: Christians

text: overlapped

text: Tombs

text: were

text: shared

text: by

text: Christian

text: and

text: non

text: Christian

text: family

text: members

text: and

text: the

text: traditional

text: funeral

text: rites

text: and

text: feast

text: of

text: novemdialis

text: found

text: a

text: part

text: match

text: in

text: the

text: Christian

text: Constitutio

text: Apostolica

text: The

text: customary

text: offers

text: of

text: wine

text: and

text: food

text: to

text: the

text: dead

text: continued

text: St

text: Augustine

text: following

text: St

text: Ambrose

text: feared

text: that

text: this

text: invited

text: the

text: drunken

text: practices

text: of

text: Parentalia

text: but

text: commended

text: funeral

text: feasts

text: as

text: a

text: Christian

text: opportunity

text: to

text: give

text: alms

text: of

text: food

text: to

text: the

text: poor

text: Christians

text: attended

text: Parentalia

text: and

text: its

text: accompanying

text: Feralia

text: and

text: Caristia

text: in

text: sufficient

text: numbers

text: for

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Tours

text: to

text: forbid

text: them

text: in

text: AD

text: Other

text: funerary

text: and

text: commemorative

text: practices

text: were

text: very

text: different

text: Traditional

text: Roman

text: practice

text: spurned

text: the

text: corpse

text: as

text: a

text: ritual

text: pollution

text: inscriptions

text: noted

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: birth

text: and

text: duration

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: Christian

text: Church

text: fostered

text: the

text: veneration

text: of

text: saintly

text: relics

text: and

text: inscriptions

text: marked

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: death

text: as

text: a

text: transition

text: to

text: new

text: life

question: What group's burial practices over-lapped with the Roman's?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: What items were shared among Christian and non- Christians?

answer: Tombs

text: Tombs

question: What did St Augustine believe that funeral feasts gave an opportunity for?

answer: alms of food

text: alms of food

question: When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians?

answer: AD 567

text: AD 567

question: How did the Romans view the corpse of the dead?

answer: ritual pollution

text: ritual pollution


text: The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia, is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: Washington

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: is

text: a

text: federal

text: district

text: located

text: on

text: land

text: donated

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Maryland

text: Virginia

text: had

text: also

text: donated

text: land

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: returned

text: in

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: also

text: has

text: overseas

text: territories

text: with

text: varying

text: levels

text: of

text: independence

text: and

text: organization

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: the

text: territories

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Virgin

text: Islands

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: the

text: inhabited

text: territories

text: of

text: Guam

text: American

text: Samoa

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: uninhabited

text: island

text: territories

question: What is the capital city of the US?

answer: Washington, District of Columbia

text: Washington, District of Columbia

question: Which US state donated Washington, D.C.?

answer: Maryland

text: Maryland

question: What are the US territories overseas located in the Pacific?

answer: Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands

text: Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands

question: Which US state also donated territory to Washington, D.C., but had it returned?

answer: Virginia

text: Virginia

question: What is the capital state of the United States?

text: District of Columbia,

question: The District of Columbia is on land donated by what two states?

text: Maryland. (Virginia

question: What are the uninhabited territories the US has in the Pacific?

question: US territories of Puerto Rico Virgin Islands and Cuba are located where?

text: Caribbean


text: In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial power in his person. The actual subject material of the canons is not just doctrinal or moral in nature, but all-encompassing of the human condition.

title: Canon_law

title: Canon_law

text: In

text: the

text: Roman

text: Church

text: universal

text: positive

text: ecclesiastical

text: laws

text: based

text: upon

text: either

text: immutable

text: divine

text: and

text: natural

text: law

text: or

text: changeable

text: circumstantial

text: and

text: merely

text: positive

text: law

text: derive

text: formal

text: authority

text: and

text: promulgation

text: from

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: pope

text: who

text: as

text: Supreme

text: Pontiff

text: possesses

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: legislative

text: executive

text: and

text: judicial

text: power

text: in

text: his

text: person

text: The

text: actual

text: subject

text: material

text: of

text: the

text: canons

text: is

text: not

text: just

text: doctrinal

text: or

text: moral

text: in

text: nature

text: but

text: all

text: encompassing

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: condition

question: What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?

answer: immutable divine and natural law

text: immutable divine and natural law

question: What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?

answer: changeable circumstantial and merely positive law

text: changeable circumstantial and merely positive law

question: What is given to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church by its leader?

answer: formal authority and promulgation

text: formal authority and promulgation

question: What is the pope's official title?

answer: Supreme Pontiff

text: Supreme Pontiff

question: What three divisions of power often found in government does the pope hold?

answer: legislative, executive, and judicial

text: legislative, executive, and judicial

question: What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches?

text: immutable divine and natural law

question: What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches?

question: What do all church leaders give to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church?

text: formal authority and promulgation

question: What is the official title of all Cardinals?

text: Supreme Pontiff

question: What three powers usually found in government are held by the Pope and College of Cardinals?