text: While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters. But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: While

text: Göring

text: was

text: optimistic

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: could

text: prevail

text: Hitler

text: was

text: not

text: On

text: September

text: he

text: postponed

text: Operation

text: Sea

text: Lion

text: as

text: it

text: turned

text: out

text: indefinitely

text: rather

text: than

text: gamble

text: Germany

text: 's

text: newly

text: gained

text: military

text: prestige

text: on

text: a

text: risky

text: cross

text: Channel

text: operation

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: a

text: sceptical

text: Joseph

text: Stalin

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: battle

text: the

text: bombers

text: became

text: lures

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: draw

text: the

text: RAF

text: into

text: combat

text: with

text: German

text: fighters

text: But

text: their

text: operations

text: were

text: to

text: no

text: avail

text: the

text: worsening

text: weather

text: and

text: unsustainable

text: attrition

text: in

text: daylight

text: gave

text: the

text: OKL

text: an

text: excuse

text: to

text: switch

text: to

text: night

text: attacks

text: on

text: October

question: Who thought the Luftwaffe could win?

answer: Göring

text: Göring

question: What day did Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion?

answer: 17 September

text: 17 September

question: What was the name of the man from the Soviet Union who was doubtful of Operation Sea Lion?

answer: Joseph Stalin

text: Joseph Stalin

question: Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers?

answer: RAF

text: RAF

question: When did the OKL switch to night raids?

answer: 7 October

text: 7 October


text: His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Mennonites, joined the International Bible Students Association, later known as Jehovah's Witnesses. The Eisenhower home served as the local meeting hall from 1896 to 1915, though Eisenhower never joined the International Bible Students. His later decision to attend West Point saddened his mother, who felt that warfare was "rather wicked," but she did not overrule him. While speaking of himself in 1948, Eisenhower said he was "one of the most deeply religious men I know" though unattached to any "sect or organization". He was baptized in the Presbyterian Church in 1953.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: His

text: parents

text: set

text: aside

text: specific

text: times

text: at

text: breakfast

text: and

text: at

text: dinner

text: for

text: daily

text: family

text: Bible

text: reading

text: Chores

text: were

text: regularly

text: assigned

text: and

text: rotated

text: among

text: all

text: the

text: children

text: and

text: misbehavior

text: was

text: met

text: with

text: unequivocal

text: discipline

text: usually

text: from

text: David

text: His

text: mother

text: previously

text: a

text: member

text: with

text: David

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Brethren

text: sect

text: of

text: the

text: Mennonites

text: joined

text: the

text: International

text: Bible

text: Students

text: Association

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: The

text: Eisenhower

text: home

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: local

text: meeting

text: hall

text: from

text: to

text: though

text: Eisenhower

text: never

text: joined

text: the

text: International

text: Bible

text: Students

text: His

text: later

text: decision

text: to

text: attend

text: West

text: Point

text: saddened

text: his

text: mother

text: who

text: felt

text: that

text: warfare

text: was

text: rather

text: wicked

text: but

text: she

text: did

text: not

text: overrule

text: him

text: While

text: speaking

text: of

text: himself

text: in

text: Eisenhower

text: said

text: he

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: deeply

text: religious

text: men

text: I

text: know

text: though

text: unattached

text: to

text: any

text: sect

text: or

text: organization

text: He

text: was

text: baptized

text: in

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

question: What book did Eisenhower's parents read every day?

answer: Bible

text: Bible

question: What Mennonite sect did Eisenhower's mother initially belong to?

answer: River Brethren

text: River Brethren

question: What is another name for the International Bible Students Association?

answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What university did Eisenhower attend?

answer: West Point

text: West Point

question: What church did Eisenhower join in 1953?

answer: Presbyterian

text: Presbyterian


text: On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the Livonian crusade, and to eradicate the non-indigenous Christian religion. After initial success the revolt was ended by the invasion of the Teutonic Order. In 1346 the Duchy of Estonia was sold for 19,000 Köln marks to the Teutonic Order by the King of Denmark. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the State of the Teutonic Order took place on 1 November 1346.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: On

text: St.

text: George

text: 's

text: Night

text: Estonian

text: Jüriöö

text: ülestõus

text: April

text: the

text: indigenous

text: Estonian

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Estonia

text: the

text: Bishopric

text: of

text: Ösel

text: Wiek

text: and

text: the

text: insular

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Order

text: tried

text: to

text: rid

text: themselves

text: of

text: the

text: Danish

text: and

text: German

text: rulers

text: and

text: landlords

text: who

text: had

text: conquered

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: during

text: the

text: Livonian

text: crusade

text: and

text: to

text: eradicate

text: the

text: non

text: indigenous

text: Christian

text: religion

text: After

text: initial

text: success

text: the

text: revolt

text: was

text: ended

text: by

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Order

text: In

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Estonia

text: was

text: sold

text: for

text: Köln

text: marks

text: to

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Order

text: by

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Denmark

text: The

text: shift

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: from

text: Denmark

text: to

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Order

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: November

question: What is the date of St. George's Night?

answer: 23 April 1343

text: 23 April 1343

question: When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers?

answer: St. George's Night

text: St. George's Night

question: What belief system did the native Estonians try to remove?

answer: the non-indigenous Christian religion

text: the non-indigenous Christian religion

question: What event ended the uprising?

answer: the invasion of the Teutonic Order.

text: the invasion of the Teutonic Order.

question: What date did sovereignty shift from the state of Denmark?

answer: 1 November 1346

text: 1 November 1346


text: BYU has 21 NCAA varsity teams. Nineteen of these teams played mainly in the Mountain West Conference from its inception in 1999 until the school left that conference in 2011. Prior to that time BYU teams competed in the Western Athletic Conference. All teams are named the "Cougars", and Cosmo the Cougar has been the school's mascot since 1953. The school's fight song is the Cougar Fight Song. Because many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years (men when they're 18, women when 19), BYU athletes are often older on average than other schools' players. The NCAA allows students to serve missions for two years without subtracting that time from their eligibility period. This has caused minor controversy, but is largely recognized as not lending the school any significant advantage, since players receive no athletic and little physical training during their missions. BYU has also received attention from sports networks for refusal to play games on Sunday, as well as expelling players due to honor code violations. Beginning in the 2011 season, BYU football competes in college football as an independent. In addition, most other sports now compete in the West Coast Conference. Teams in swimming and diving and indoor track and field for both men and women joined the men's volleyball program in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. For outdoor track and field, the Cougars became an Independent. Softball returned to the Western Athletic Conference, but spent only one season in the WAC; the team moved to the Pacific Coast Softball Conference after the 2012 season. The softball program may move again after the 2013 season; the July 2013 return of Pacific to the WCC will enable that conference to add softball as an official sport.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: BYU

text: has

text: NCAA

text: varsity

text: teams

text: Nineteen

text: of

text: these

text: teams

text: played

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: Mountain

text: West

text: Conference

text: from

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: until

text: the

text: school

text: left

text: that

text: conference

text: in

text: Prior

text: to

text: that

text: time

text: BYU

text: teams

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Athletic

text: Conference

text: All

text: teams

text: are

text: named

text: the

text: Cougars

text: and

text: Cosmo

text: the

text: Cougar

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: mascot

text: since

text: The

text: school

text: 's

text: fight

text: song

text: is

text: the

text: Cougar

text: Fight

text: Song

text: Because

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: players

text: serve

text: on

text: full

text: time

text: missions

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: men

text: when

text: they

text: 're

text: women

text: when

text: BYU

text: athletes

text: are

text: often

text: older

text: on

text: average

text: than

text: other

text: schools

text: players

text: The

text: NCAA

text: allows

text: students

text: to

text: serve

text: missions

text: for

text: two

text: years

text: without

text: subtracting

text: that

text: time

text: from

text: their

text: eligibility

text: period

text: This

text: has

text: caused

text: minor

text: controversy

text: but

text: is

text: largely

text: recognized

text: as

text: not

text: lending

text: the

text: school

text: any

text: significant

text: advantage

text: since

text: players

text: receive

text: no

text: athletic

text: and

text: little

text: physical

text: training

text: during

text: their

text: missions

text: BYU

text: has

text: also

text: received

text: attention

text: from

text: sports

text: networks

text: for

text: refusal

text: to

text: play

text: games

text: on

text: Sunday

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: expelling

text: players

text: due

text: to

text: honor

text: code

text: violations

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: BYU

text: football

text: competes

text: in

text: college

text: football

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: In

text: addition

text: most

text: other

text: sports

text: now

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Coast

text: Conference

text: Teams

text: in

text: swimming

text: and

text: diving

text: and

text: indoor

text: track

text: and

text: field

text: for

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: joined

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: volleyball

text: program

text: in

text: the

text: Mountain

text: Pacific

text: Sports

text: Federation

text: For

text: outdoor

text: track

text: and

text: field

text: the

text: Cougars

text: became

text: an

text: Independent

text: Softball

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: Western

text: Athletic

text: Conference

text: but

text: spent

text: only

text: one

text: season

text: in

text: the

text: WAC

text: the

text: team

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Coast

text: Softball

text: Conference

text: after

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: softball

text: program

text: may

text: move

text: again

text: after

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: July

text: return

text: of

text: Pacific

text: to

text: the

text: WCC

text: will

text: enable

text: that

text: conference

text: to

text: add

text: softball

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: sport

question: How many NCAA varsity teams does BYU have?

answer: 21

question: What is the name of BYU's fight song?

answer: Cougar Fight Song

text: Cougar Fight Song

question: Why are many BYU athletes older than other schools' players?

answer: many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years

text: many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years

question: When does BYU refuse to play athletic games that got the attention of the sports networks?

answer: Sunday

text: Sunday

question: What violation can lead to a player being expelled from a sports team?

answer: honor code

text: honor code

question: What does BYU have 19 of?

text: NCAA varsity teams

question: What do 21 teams play in?

text: Mountain West Conference

question: What has been the mascot of BYU since 1935?

text: "Cougars"

question: What do women do at age 18?

question: What do men do at age 19?


text: Predominantly Christian, the population of St. John's was once divided along sectarian (Catholic/Protestant) lines. In recent years, this sectarianism has declined significantly, and is no longer a commonly acknowledged facet of life in St. John's. St. John's is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. John's, and the Anglican Bishop of Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador. All major Christian sects showed a decline from 2001–2011 with a large increase in those with no religion from 3.9% to 11.1%.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: Predominantly

text: Christian

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: was

text: once

text: divided

text: along

text: sectarian

text: Catholic

text: Protestant

text: lines

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: this

text: sectarianism

text: has

text: declined

text: significantly

text: and

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: a

text: commonly

text: acknowledged

text: facet

text: of

text: life

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: All

text: major

text: Christian

text: sects

text: showed

text: a

text: decline

text: from

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: increase

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: no

text: religion

text: from

text: to

question: What is the largest religion in St. John's?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: What has declined in the recent years on St. John's?

answer: sectarianism

text: sectarianism

question: What sects declined from 2001-2011?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: What two religions divide the city?

text: Catholic/Protestant

question: In what year did Christian sects increase?


text: During John's early years, Henry attempted to resolve the question of his succession. Henry the Young King had been crowned King of England in 1170, but was not given any formal powers by his father; he was also promised Normandy and Anjou as part of his future inheritance. Richard was to be appointed the Count of Poitou with control of Aquitaine, whilst Geoffrey was to become the Duke of Brittany. At this time it seemed unlikely that John would ever inherit substantial lands, and he was jokingly nicknamed "Lackland" by his father.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: During

text: John

text: 's

text: early

text: years

text: Henry

text: attempted

text: to

text: resolve

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: his

text: succession

text: Henry

text: the

text: Young

text: King

text: had

text: been

text: crowned

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: given

text: any

text: formal

text: powers

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: promised

text: Normandy

text: and

text: Anjou

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: future

text: inheritance

text: Richard

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: appointed

text: the

text: Count

text: of

text: Poitou

text: with

text: control

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: whilst

text: Geoffrey

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Brittany

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: it

text: seemed

text: unlikely

text: that

text: John

text: would

text: ever

text: inherit

text: substantial

text: lands

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: jokingly

text: nicknamed

text: Lackland

text: by

text: his

text: father

question: When was Henry crowned King of England?

answer: 1170

question: What was Henry promised as part of his future inheritance?

answer: Normandy and Anjou

text: Normandy and Anjou

question: Who became the Duke of Brittany?

answer: Geoffrey

text: Geoffrey

question: What was John's nickname?

answer: Lackland

text: Lackland


text: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is not retained indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life span). Its capacity is immeasurable. For example, given a random seven-digit number we may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in our short-term memory. On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: The

text: storage

text: in

text: sensory

text: memory

text: and

text: short

text: term

text: memory

text: generally

text: has

text: a

text: strictly

text: limited

text: capacity

text: and

text: duration

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: information

text: is

text: not

text: retained

text: indefinitely

text: By

text: contrast

text: long

text: term

text: memory

text: can

text: store

text: much

text: larger

text: quantities

text: of

text: information

text: for

text: potentially

text: unlimited

text: duration

text: sometimes

text: a

text: whole

text: life

text: span

text: Its

text: capacity

text: is

text: immeasurable

text: For

text: example

text: given

text: a

text: random

text: seven

text: digit

text: number

text: we

text: may

text: remember

text: it

text: for

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: before

text: forgetting

text: suggesting

text: it

text: was

text: stored

text: in

text: our

text: short

text: term

text: memory

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: we

text: can

text: remember

text: telephone

text: numbers

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: through

text: repetition

text: this

text: information

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: stored

text: in

text: long

text: term

text: memory

question: Why can't some memories be held onto forever?

answer: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration

text: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration

question: If a memory that is stored in with long term-memories, how long can you possibly rememeber it?

answer: sometimes a whole life span)

text: sometimes a whole life span)

question: What is the capacity of long term memory?

answer: capacity is immeasurable

text: capacity is immeasurable

question: If you knew a telephone number one week ago, but have forgotten it now, where was this memory stored?

answer: in our short-term memory

text: in our short-term memory

question: By storing smaller quantities of info, long-term memory has this length of duration?

text: unlimited

question: Short term memory can remember telephone numbers for many years though what?

text: repetition

question: Repetition allows short-term memory to remember what?

text: telephone numbers

question: How many years can short-term memory be stored?

text: many years

question: Short-term memory has immeasurable what?

text: capacity


text: John initially adopted a defensive posture similar to that of 1199: avoiding open battle and carefully defending his key castles. John's operations became more chaotic as the campaign progressed, and Philip began to make steady progress in the east. John became aware in July that Arthur's forces were threatening his mother, Eleanor, at Mirebeau Castle. Accompanied by William de Roches, his seneschal in Anjou, he swung his mercenary army rapidly south to protect her. His forces caught Arthur by surprise and captured the entire rebel leadership at the battle of Mirebeau. With his southern flank weakening, Philip was forced to withdraw in the east and turn south himself to contain John's army.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: initially

text: adopted

text: a

text: defensive

text: posture

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: avoiding

text: open

text: battle

text: and

text: carefully

text: defending

text: his

text: key

text: castles

text: John

text: 's

text: operations

text: became

text: more

text: chaotic

text: as

text: the

text: campaign

text: progressed

text: and

text: Philip

text: began

text: to

text: make

text: steady

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: John

text: became

text: aware

text: in

text: July

text: that

text: Arthur

text: 's

text: forces

text: were

text: threatening

text: his

text: mother

text: Eleanor

text: at

text: Mirebeau

text: Castle

text: Accompanied

text: by

text: William

text: de

text: Roches

text: his

text: seneschal

text: in

text: Anjou

text: he

text: swung

text: his

text: mercenary

text: army

text: rapidly

text: south

text: to

text: protect

text: her

text: His

text: forces

text: caught

text: Arthur

text: by

text: surprise

text: and

text: captured

text: the

text: entire

text: rebel

text: leadership

text: at

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Mirebeau

text: With

text: his

text: southern

text: flank

text: weakening

text: Philip

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: withdraw

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: turn

text: south

text: himself

text: to

text: contain

text: John

text: 's

text: army

question: Who accompanied John?

answer: William de Roches

text: William de Roches

question: Why was Philip forced to withdraw in the east?

answer: southern flank weakening

text: southern flank weakening

question: Who was caught by surprised?

answer: Arthur

text: Arthur


text: The Appalachian Mountains (i/ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻn/ or /ˌæpəˈlætʃᵻn/,[note 1] French: les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before they were eroded. The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to any road running east-west.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: i/ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻn/

text: or

text: /ˌæpəˈlætʃᵻn/,[note

text: French

text: les

text: Appalaches

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: are

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: mountains

text: in

text: eastern

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: Appalachians

text: first

text: formed

text: roughly

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: during

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: Period

text: and

text: once

text: reached

text: elevations

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: before

text: they

text: were

text: eroded

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: chain

text: is

text: a

text: barrier

text: to

text: east

text: west

text: travel

text: as

text: it

text: forms

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: alternating

text: ridgelines

text: and

text: valleys

text: oriented

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: any

text: road

text: running

text: east

text: west

question: What are the Appalachian mountains called in French?

answer: les Appalaches

text: les Appalaches

question: What are the Appalachian mountains?

answer: a system of mountains in eastern North America

text: a system of mountains in eastern North America

question: When did the Appalachian mountains form?

answer: roughly 480 million years ago

text: roughly 480 million years ago

question: In what era did the mountains form?

answer: Ordovician Period

text: Ordovician Period

question: What are often called les Appalaches?

text: The Appalachian Mountains

question: When were the Rocky Mountains formed?

text: 480 million years ago

question: What language does the name of the Alps come from?

text: French

question: What do the Alps form a barrier between?

text: east-west travel

question: During what period were the Appalachians named?

text: Ordovician Period


text: The success of American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history". The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be "the most impactful show in the history of television". It has become a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars. According to Billboard magazine, in its first ten years, "Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols, including Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Ruben Studdard, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut."

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: unparalleled

text: in

text: broadcasting

text: history

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: also

text: said

text: by

text: a

text: rival

text: TV

text: executive

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: impactful

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: television

text: It

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: recognized

text: springboard

text: for

text: launching

text: the

text: career

text: of

text: many

text: artists

text: as

text: bona

text: fide

text: stars

text: According

text: to

text: Billboard

text: magazine

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: ten

text: years

text: Idol

text: has

text: spawned

text: Billboard

text: chart

text: toppers

text: and

text: a

text: platoon

text: of

text: pop

text: idols

text: including

text: Kelly

text: Clarkson

text: Carrie

text: Underwood

text: Chris

text: Daughtry

text: Fantasia

text: Ruben

text: Studdard

text: Jennifer

text: Hudson

text: Clay

text: Aiken

text: Adam

text: Lambert

text: and

text: Jordin

text: Sparks

text: while

text: remaining

text: a

text: TV

text: ratings

text: juggernaut

question: How many Billboard hits did American Idol produce in its first ten years?

answer: 345

question: Who called American Idol "the most impactful show in the history of television"?

answer: a rival TV executive

text: a rival TV executive

question: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?

answer: Fantasia

text: Fantasia

question: How many Billboard chart toppers did American Idol contestants have within the first ten seasons?

answer: 345

question: Who said that American Idol is "the most impactful show in the history of televsion?

answer: a rival TV executive

text: a rival TV executive


text: The James River reaches tidewater at Richmond where flooding may occur in every month of the year, most frequently in March and least in July. Hurricanes and tropical storms have been responsible for most of the flooding during the summer and early fall months. Hurricanes passing near Richmond have produced record rainfalls. In 1955, three hurricanes brought record rainfall to Richmond within a six-week period. The most noteworthy of these were Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane that brought heavy rains five days apart. And in 2004, the downtown area suffered extensive flood damage after the remnants of Hurricane Gaston dumped up to 12 inches (300 mm) of rainfall.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: James

text: River

text: reaches

text: tidewater

text: at

text: Richmond

text: where

text: flooding

text: may

text: occur

text: in

text: every

text: month

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: most

text: frequently

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: least

text: in

text: July

text: Hurricanes

text: and

text: tropical

text: storms

text: have

text: been

text: responsible

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: flooding

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: and

text: early

text: fall

text: months

text: Hurricanes

text: passing

text: near

text: Richmond

text: have

text: produced

text: record

text: rainfalls

text: In

text: three

text: hurricanes

text: brought

text: record

text: rainfall

text: to

text: Richmond

text: within

text: a

text: six

text: week

text: period

text: The

text: most

text: noteworthy

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: Hurricane

text: Connie

text: and

text: Hurricane

text: Diane

text: that

text: brought

text: heavy

text: rains

text: five

text: days

text: apart

text: And

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: suffered

text: extensive

text: flood

text: damage

text: after

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: Hurricane

text: Gaston

text: dumped

text: up

text: to

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: rainfall

question: What is the most likely month for the James to flood Richmond?

answer: March

text: March

question: What month sees the lowest likelihood of the James flooding?

answer: July

text: July

question: In 1955, Richmond was hit with three hurricanes in how many weeks?

answer: six

text: six

question: In 1955, what two hurricanes occurred within a week of one another?

answer: Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane

text: Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane

question: What hurricane hit Richmond in 2004?

answer: Gaston

text: Gaston


text: Excluding the outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes, Paris covers an oval measuring about 87 km2 (34 sq mi) in area, enclosed by the 35 km (22 mi) ring road, the Boulevard Périphérique. The city's last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 not only gave it its modern form but also created the 20 clockwise-spiralling arrondissements (municipal boroughs). From the 1860 area of 78 km2 (30 sq mi), the city limits were expanded marginally to 86.9 km2 (33.6 sq mi) in the 1920s. In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes forest parks were officially annexed to the city, bringing its area to about 105 km2 (41 sq mi). The metropolitan area of the city is 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi).

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Excluding

text: the

text: outlying

text: parks

text: of

text: Bois

text: de

text: Boulogne

text: and

text: Bois

text: de

text: Vincennes

text: Paris

text: covers

text: an

text: oval

text: measuring

text: about

text: sq

text: mi

text: in

text: area

text: enclosed

text: by

text: the

text: km

text: mi

text: ring

text: road

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: Périphérique

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: last

text: major

text: annexation

text: of

text: outlying

text: territories

text: in

text: not

text: only

text: gave

text: it

text: its

text: modern

text: form

text: but

text: also

text: created

text: the

text: clockwise

text: spiralling

text: arrondissements

text: municipal

text: boroughs

text: From

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: sq

text: mi

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: were

text: expanded

text: marginally

text: to

text: sq

text: mi

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: the

text: Bois

text: de

text: Boulogne

text: and

text: Bois

text: de

text: Vincennes

text: forest

text: parks

text: were

text: officially

text: annexed

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: bringing

text: its

text: area

text: to

text: about

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: sq

text: mi

question: What road encircles Paris?

answer: Boulevard Périphérique

text: Boulevard Périphérique

question: How large is the metropolitan area of Paris?

answer: 2,300 km2

text: 2,300 km2

question: In what year was Paris' last annexation of outlying territories?

answer: 1860

question: How many arrondissements are there?

answer: 20

question: In what year were Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes annexed?

answer: 1929


text: In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. Even though support for republicanism in Britain seemed higher than at any time in living memory, republicanism was still a minority viewpoint, and the Queen herself had high approval ratings. Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. In consultation with her husband and the Prime Minister, John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and her private secretary, Robert Fellowes, she wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, saying that a divorce was desirable.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: follow

text: public

text: revelations

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Charles

text: and

text: Diana

text: 's

text: marriage

text: continued

text: Even

text: though

text: support

text: for

text: republicanism

text: in

text: Britain

text: seemed

text: higher

text: than

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: in

text: living

text: memory

text: republicanism

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: minority

text: viewpoint

text: and

text: the

text: Queen

text: herself

text: had

text: high

text: approval

text: ratings

text: Criticism

text: was

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: institution

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: itself

text: and

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: wider

text: family

text: rather

text: than

text: her

text: own

text: behaviour

text: and

text: actions

text: In

text: consultation

text: with

text: her

text: husband

text: and

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: John

text: Major

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: George

text: Carey

text: and

text: her

text: private

text: secretary

text: Robert

text: Fellowes

text: she

text: wrote

text: to

text: Charles

text: and

text: Diana

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: December

text: saying

text: that

text: a

text: divorce

text: was

text: desirable

question: What political feeling is still a minority view in Britain?

answer: republicanism

text: republicanism

question: What state of affairs produced revelations and problems for Elizabeth?

answer: Charles and Diana's marriage

text: Charles and Diana's marriage

question: In spite of criticisms what kind of approval ratings did Elizabeth have?

answer: high

text: high

question: What institution was being criticized during the time of Charles and Diana's breakup?

answer: monarchy

text: monarchy

question: When did Elizabeth write to tell Charles and Diana to get a divorce?

answer: December 1995

text: December 1995

question: What was the majority viewpoint politically in the 1990s in Britain?

text: republicanism

question: In what year did Charles and Diana finally get divorced?

question: What type of approval ratings did Prime Minister John Major have?

text: high

question: In what year did Robert Fellowes become Elizabeth's private secretary?

question: In what year did George Carey become the Archbishop of Canterbury?


text: Sultan Quli, a governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518; he rebuilt the mud-fort of Golconda and named the city "Muhammad nagar". The fifth sultan, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591, to avoid the water shortages experienced at Golkonda. During his rule, he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city. On 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort. The annexed area was renamed Deccan Suba (Deccan province) and the capital was moved from Golkonda to Aurangabad, about 550 km (342 mi) northwest of Hyderabad.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Sultan

text: Quli

text: a

text: governor

text: of

text: Golkonda

text: revolted

text: against

text: the

text: Bahmani

text: Sultanate

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Qutb

text: Shahi

text: dynasty

text: in

text: he

text: rebuilt

text: the

text: mud

text: fort

text: of

text: Golconda

text: and

text: named

text: the

text: city

text: Muhammad

text: nagar

text: The

text: fifth

text: sultan

text: Muhammad

text: Quli

text: Qutb

text: Shah

text: established

text: Hyderabad

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Musi

text: River

text: in

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: water

text: shortages

text: experienced

text: at

text: Golkonda

text: During

text: his

text: rule

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: Charminar

text: and

text: Mecca

text: Masjid

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: Golkonda

text: Sultanate

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: emperor

text: Aurangzeb

text: after

text: a

text: year

text: long

text: siege

text: of

text: the

text: Golkonda

text: fort

text: The

text: annexed

text: area

text: was

text: renamed

text: Deccan

text: Suba

text: Deccan

text: province

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: was

text: moved

text: from

text: Golkonda

text: to

text: Aurangabad

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: northwest

text: of

text: Hyderabad

question: What position did Sultan Quli hold?

answer: governor of Golkonda

text: governor of Golkonda

question: Whom did Sultan Quli rebel against?

answer: the Bahmani Sultanate

text: the Bahmani Sultanate

question: In what year did the establishment of the Qutb dynasty occur?

answer: 1518

question: When was Hyderabad founded?

answer: 1591

question: In the late 17th century the capital of Deccan Suba was moved, to where?

answer: Aurangabad

text: Aurangabad


text: Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from northern Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: Although

text: spoken

text: Tibetan

text: varies

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: written

text: language

text: based

text: on

text: Classical

text: Tibetan

text: is

text: consistent

text: throughout

text: This

text: is

text: probably

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: long

text: standing

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: empire

text: whose

text: rule

text: embraced

text: and

text: extended

text: at

text: times

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: present

text: Tibetan

text: linguistic

text: area

text: which

text: runs

text: from

text: northern

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: Yunnan

text: and

text: Sichuan

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: north

text: of

text: Qinghai

text: Lake

text: south

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Bhutan

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: language

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: script

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: Ladakhi

text: and

text: Dzongkha

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: Brāhmī

text: script

question: What is written Tibetan base on?

answer: Classical Tibetan

text: Classical Tibetan

question: What influenced the consistency of the written Tibetan language?

answer: Tibetan empire

text: Tibetan empire

question: From what was the Tibetan language's script derived?

answer: ancient Indian Brāhmī script

text: ancient Indian Brāhmī script

question: What runs from northern Pakistan to Ladakhi?

text: the present Tibetan linguistic area,

question: What is Sichuan derived from?

text: ancient Indian Brāhmī script

question: What is the ancient Indian Brahmi script derived from?

text: Ladakhi and Dzongkha

question: What languages does the Indian language share script with?

text: Ladakhi and Dzongkha


text: The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science. As Thomas Kuhn put it, the history of science may be seen in more nuanced terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science. "Partly by selection and partly by distortion, the scientists of earlier ages are implicitly presented as having worked upon the same set of fixed problems and in accordance with the same set of fixed canons that the most recent revolution in scientific theory and method made seem scientific."

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: The

text: mid

text: century

text: saw

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: studies

text: relying

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: science

text: in

text: a

text: social

text: context

text: starting

text: from

text: Thomas

text: Kuhn

text: 's

text: The

text: Structure

text: of

text: Scientific

text: Revolutions

text: in

text: It

text: opened

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: science

text: to

text: new

text: disciplines

text: by

text: suggesting

text: that

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: science

text: was

text: in

text: part

text: sociologically

text: determined

text: and

text: that

text: positivism

text: did

text: not

text: explain

text: the

text: actual

text: interactions

text: and

text: strategies

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: participants

text: in

text: science

text: As

text: Thomas

text: Kuhn

text: put

text: it

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: science

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: more

text: nuanced

text: terms

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: competing

text: paradigms

text: or

text: conceptual

text: systems

text: in

text: a

text: wider

text: matrix

text: that

text: includes

text: intellectual

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: themes

text: outside

text: of

text: science

text: Partly

text: by

text: selection

text: and

text: partly

text: by

text: distortion

text: the

text: scientists

text: of

text: earlier

text: ages

text: are

text: implicitly

text: presented

text: as

text: having

text: worked

text: upon

text: the

text: same

text: set

text: of

text: fixed

text: problems

text: and

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: set

text: of

text: fixed

text: canons

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: revolution

text: in

text: scientific

text: theory

text: and

text: method

text: made

text: seem

text: scientific

question: Where did the social aspect of science originate?

answer: Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962

text: Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962

question: What idea did social science add to science as a whole?

answer: positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science

text: positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science

question: How did Kuhn view the history of science?

answer: competing paradigms or conceptual systems

text: competing paradigms or conceptual systems


text: This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, "bedroom" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: This

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: alternatives

text: to

text: nightclubs

text: the

text: warehouse

text: party

text: acid

text: house

text: rave

text: and

text: outdoor

text: festival

text: scenes

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: were

text: havens

text: for

text: the

text: latest

text: trends

text: in

text: electronic

text: dance

text: music

text: especially

text: house

text: and

text: its

text: ever

text: more

text: hypnotic

text: synthetic

text: offspring

text: techno

text: and

text: trance

text: in

text: clubs

text: like

text: the

text: infamous

text: Warsaw

text: Ballroom

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Warsaw

text: and

text: The

text: Mix

text: where

text: DJs

text: like

text: david

text: padilla

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: resident

text: DJ

text: for

text: both

text: and

text: radio

text: The

text: new

text: sound

text: fed

text: back

text: into

text: mainstream

text: clubs

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: scene

text: in

text: SoBe

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: bustling

text: secondhand

text: market

text: for

text: electronic

text: instruments

text: and

text: turntables

text: had

text: a

text: strong

text: democratizing

text: effect

text: offering

text: amateur

text: bedroom

text: DJs

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: become

text: proficient

text: and

text: popular

text: as

text: both

text: music

text: players

text: and

text: producers

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: whims

text: of

text: the

text: professional

text: music

text: and

text: club

text: industries

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: notable

text: DJs

text: are

text: John

text: Benetiz

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: JellyBean

text: Benetiz

text: Danny

text: Tenaglia

text: and

text: David

text: Padilla

question: Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?

answer: david padilla

text: david padilla

question: By what other name is John Benetiz known?

answer: JellyBean Benetiz

text: JellyBean Benetiz

question: In what area of Miami is there a notable secondhand turntable market?

answer: SoBe

text: SoBe

question: Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house JD?

text: david padilla

question: Who wasn't the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?

text: david padilla

question: By what other name is John Benetiz unknown?

text: JellyBean Benetiz

question: In what area of Miami isn't there a notable secondhand turntable market?

text: SoBe

question: In what area of Miami is there an unnotable secondhand turntable market?

text: SoBe


text: Darwin was hard at work on his "big book" on Natural Selection, when on 18 June 1858 he received a parcel from Wallace, who stayed on the Maluku Islands (Ternate and Gilolo). It enclosed twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism, a response to Darwin's recent encouragement, with a request to send it on to Lyell if Darwin thought it worthwhile. The mechanism was similar to Darwin's own theory. Darwin wrote to Lyell that "your words have come true with a vengeance, ... forestalled" and he would "of course, at once write and offer to send [it] to any journal" that Wallace chose, adding that "all my originality, whatever it may amount to, will be smashed". Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint publication putting together Wallace's pages with extracts from Darwin's 1844 Essay and his 1857 letter to Gray should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on 1 July 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions. Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Darwin

text: was

text: hard

text: at

text: work

text: on

text: his

text: big

text: book

text: on

text: Natural

text: Selection

text: when

text: on

text: June

text: he

text: received

text: a

text: parcel

text: from

text: Wallace

text: who

text: stayed

text: on

text: the

text: Maluku

text: Islands

text: Ternate

text: and

text: Gilolo

text: It

text: enclosed

text: twenty

text: pages

text: describing

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: mechanism

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: recent

text: encouragement

text: with

text: a

text: request

text: to

text: send

text: it

text: on

text: to

text: Lyell

text: if

text: Darwin

text: thought

text: it

text: worthwhile

text: The

text: mechanism

text: was

text: similar

text: to

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: own

text: theory

text: Darwin

text: wrote

text: to

text: Lyell

text: that

text: your

text: words

text: have

text: come

text: true

text: with

text: a

text: vengeance

text: forestalled

text: and

text: he

text: would

text: of

text: course

text: at

text: once

text: write

text: and

text: offer

text: to

text: send

text: it

text: to

text: any

text: journal

text: that

text: Wallace

text: chose

text: adding

text: that

text: all

text: my

text: originality

text: whatever

text: it

text: may

text: amount

text: to

text: will

text: be

text: smashed

text: Lyell

text: and

text: Hooker

text: agreed

text: that

text: a

text: joint

text: publication

text: putting

text: together

text: Wallace

text: 's

text: pages

text: with

text: extracts

text: from

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: Essay

text: and

text: his

text: letter

text: to

text: Gray

text: should

text: be

text: presented

text: at

text: the

text: Linnean

text: Society

text: and

text: on

text: July

text: the

text: papers

text: entitled

text: On

text: the

text: Tendency

text: of

text: Species

text: to

text: form

text: Varieties

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Perpetuation

text: of

text: Varieties

text: and

text: Species

text: by

text: Natural

text: Means

text: of

text: Selection

text: by

text: Wallace

text: and

text: Darwin

text: respectively

text: were

text: read

text: out

text: but

text: drew

text: little

text: reaction

text: While

text: Darwin

text: considered

text: Wallace

text: 's

text: idea

text: to

text: be

text: identical

text: to

text: his

text: concept

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: historians

text: have

text: pointed

text: out

text: differences

text: Darwin

text: described

text: natural

text: selection

text: as

text: being

text: analogous

text: to

text: the

text: artificial

text: selection

text: practised

text: by

text: animal

text: breeders

text: and

text: emphasised

text: competition

text: between

text: individuals

text: Wallace

text: drew

text: no

text: comparison

text: to

text: selective

text: breeding

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: ecological

text: pressures

text: that

text: kept

text: different

text: varieties

text: adapted

text: to

text: local

text: conditions

text: Some

text: historians

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: Wallace

text: was

text: actually

text: discussing

text: group

text: selection

text: rather

text: than

text: selection

text: acting

text: on

text: individual

text: variation

question: Which book was Darwin working on when he received a package from Wallace?

answer: "big book" on Natural Selection,

text: "big book" on Natural Selection,

question: What was in the packages Darwin received from Wallace?

answer: twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism

text: twenty pages describing an evolutionary mechanism

question: Who wrote the paper, On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties?

answer: Darwin

text: Darwin

question: What do some historians think made Wallace's concept of natural selection different from Darwin's?

answer: Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.

text: Some historians have suggested that Wallace was actually discussing group selection rather than selection acting on individual variation.


text: In the early 20th century Valencia was an industrialised city. The silk industry had disappeared, but there was a large production of hides and skins, wood, metals and foodstuffs, this last with substantial exports, particularly of wine and citrus. Small businesses predominated, but with the rapid mechanisation of industry larger companies were being formed. The best expression of this dynamic was in the regional exhibitions, including that of 1909 held next to the pedestrian avenue L'Albereda (Paseo de la Alameda), which depicted the progress of agriculture and industry. Among the most architecturally successful buildings of the era were those designed in the Art Nouveau style, such as the North Station (Gare du Nord) and the Central and Columbus markets.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Valencia

text: was

text: an

text: industrialised

text: city

text: The

text: silk

text: industry

text: had

text: disappeared

text: but

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: large

text: production

text: of

text: hides

text: and

text: skins

text: wood

text: metals

text: and

text: foodstuffs

text: this

text: last

text: with

text: substantial

text: exports

text: particularly

text: of

text: wine

text: and

text: citrus

text: Small

text: businesses

text: predominated

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: rapid

text: mechanisation

text: of

text: industry

text: larger

text: companies

text: were

text: being

text: formed

text: The

text: best

text: expression

text: of

text: this

text: dynamic

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: regional

text: exhibitions

text: including

text: that

text: of

text: held

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: pedestrian

text: avenue

text: L'Albereda

text: Paseo

text: de

text: la

text: Alameda

text: which

text: depicted

text: the

text: progress

text: of

text: agriculture

text: and

text: industry

text: Among

text: the

text: most

text: architecturally

text: successful

text: buildings

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: were

text: those

text: designed

text: in

text: the

text: Art

text: Nouveau

text: style

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: North

text: Station

text: Gare

text: du

text: Nord

text: and

text: the

text: Central

text: and

text: Columbus

text: markets

question: What were Valencia's main food exports in the early 20th century?

answer: wine and citrus

text: wine and citrus

question: When was an exhibition held that showed agricultural and industrial progress?

answer: 1909

question: What architectural style was particularly successful?

answer: Art Nouveau

text: Art Nouveau

question: What station was built in the Art Nouveau style?

answer: North Station (Gare du Nord)

text: North Station (Gare du Nord)

question: What markets were built in the Art Nouveau style?

answer: Central and Columbus

text: Central and Columbus


text: On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river. Angry protesters stormed the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company factory compound, overturned eight company vehicles, and destroyed the offices before police came to disperse the crowd. Protests continued on the two following nights with reports of scuffles, officials said. Chen Hongming, a deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau, said the factory's waste disposal had failed pollution tests since April. The environmental watchdog had warned the factory, but it had not effectively controlled the pollution, Chen added.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: On

text: Thursday

text: September

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: from

text: Hongxiao

text: Village

text: protested

text: over

text: the

text: large

text: scale

text: death

text: of

text: fish

text: in

text: a

text: nearby

text: river

text: Angry

text: protesters

text: stormed

text: the

text: Zhejiang

text: Jinko

text: Solar

text: Company

text: factory

text: compound

text: overturned

text: eight

text: company

text: vehicles

text: and

text: destroyed

text: the

text: offices

text: before

text: police

text: came

text: to

text: disperse

text: the

text: crowd

text: Protests

text: continued

text: on

text: the

text: two

text: following

text: nights

text: with

text: reports

text: of

text: scuffles

text: officials

text: said

text: Chen

text: Hongming

text: a

text: deputy

text: head

text: of

text: Haining

text: 's

text: environmental

text: protection

text: bureau

text: said

text: the

text: factory

text: 's

text: waste

text: disposal

text: had

text: failed

text: pollution

text: tests

text: since

text: April

text: The

text: environmental

text: watchdog

text: had

text: warned

text: the

text: factory

text: but

text: it

text: had

text: not

text: effectively

text: controlled

text: the

text: pollution

text: Chen

text: added

question: What day of the week was September 15, 2011?

answer: Thursday

text: Thursday

question: What village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river on September 15, 2011?

answer: Hongxiao

text: Hongxiao

question: How many company vehicles did angry protesters overturn at the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: How many more nights after the first day did protests last?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who was the deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau at the time?

answer: Chen Hongming

text: Chen Hongming

question: What day of the week was September 14, 2011?

text: Thursday

question: What happened in September 15 2001?

question: When did people agree with the large-scale death of fish?

text: September 15, 2011

question: What did 50 people protest against?

text: the large-scale death of fish


text: Midway through the 19th century, the focus of geology shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed. The first comprehensive theories of mountain building were proposed during this period, as were the first modern theories of earthquakes and volcanoes. Louis Agassiz and others established the reality of continent-covering ice ages, and "fluvialists" like Andrew Crombie Ramsay argued that river valleys were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them. After the discovery of radioactivity, radiometric dating methods were developed, starting in the 20th century. Alfred Wegener's theory of "continental drift" was widely dismissed when he proposed it in the 1910s, but new data gathered in the 1950s and 1960s led to the theory of plate tectonics, which provided a plausible mechanism for it. Plate tectonics also provided a unified explanation for a wide range of seemingly unrelated geological phenomena. Since 1970 it has served as the unifying principle in geology.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Midway

text: through

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: geology

text: shifted

text: from

text: description

text: and

text: classification

text: to

text: attempts

text: to

text: understand

text: how

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: had

text: changed

text: The

text: first

text: comprehensive

text: theories

text: of

text: mountain

text: building

text: were

text: proposed

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: as

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: theories

text: of

text: earthquakes

text: and

text: volcanoes

text: Louis

text: Agassiz

text: and

text: others

text: established

text: the

text: reality

text: of

text: continent

text: covering

text: ice

text: ages

text: and

text: fluvialists

text: like

text: Andrew

text: Crombie

text: Ramsay

text: argued

text: that

text: river

text: valleys

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: by

text: the

text: rivers

text: that

text: flow

text: through

text: them

text: After

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: radioactivity

text: radiometric

text: dating

text: methods

text: were

text: developed

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Alfred

text: Wegener

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: continental

text: drift

text: was

text: widely

text: dismissed

text: when

text: he

text: proposed

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: new

text: data

text: gathered

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: which

text: provided

text: a

text: plausible

text: mechanism

text: for

text: it

text: Plate

text: tectonics

text: also

text: provided

text: a

text: unified

text: explanation

text: for

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: seemingly

text: unrelated

text: geological

text: phenomena

text: Since

text: it

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: unifying

text: principle

text: in

text: geology

question: What changed about the way geology was implemented during the 19th century?

answer: shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed

text: shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed

question: The idea of an ice-age that completely covered a continent was suggested by whom?

answer: Louis Agassiz

text: Louis Agassiz

question: What group did Andrew Crombie Ramsay belong to?

answer: fluvialists

text: fluvialists

question: What did Ramsay believe about river valleys?

answer: were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them

text: were formed, over millions of years by the rivers that flow through them

question: What happened after radioactivity was realized?

answer: radiometric dating methods were developed

text: radiometric dating methods were developed


text: According to John N. Gray, Popper held that "a theory is scientific only in so far as it is falsifiable, and should be given up as soon as it is falsified." By applying Popper's account of scientific method, Gray's Straw Dogs states that this would have "killed the theories of Darwin and Einstein at birth." When they were first advanced, Gray claims, each of them was "at odds with some available evidence; only later did evidence become available that gave them crucial support." Against this, Gray seeks to establish the irrationalist thesis that "the progress of science comes from acting against reason."

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: According

text: to

text: John

text: N.

text: Gray

text: Popper

text: held

text: that

text: a

text: theory

text: is

text: scientific

text: only

text: in

text: so

text: far

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: falsifiable

text: and

text: should

text: be

text: given

text: up

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: falsified

text: By

text: applying

text: Popper

text: 's

text: account

text: of

text: scientific

text: method

text: Gray

text: 's

text: Straw

text: Dogs

text: states

text: that

text: this

text: would

text: have

text: killed

text: the

text: theories

text: of

text: Darwin

text: and

text: Einstein

text: at

text: birth

text: When

text: they

text: were

text: first

text: advanced

text: Gray

text: claims

text: each

text: of

text: them

text: was

text: at

text: odds

text: with

text: some

text: available

text: evidence

text: only

text: later

text: did

text: evidence

text: become

text: available

text: that

text: gave

text: them

text: crucial

text: support

text: Against

text: this

text: Gray

text: seeks

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: irrationalist

text: thesis

text: that

text: the

text: progress

text: of

text: science

text: comes

text: from

text: acting

text: against

text: reason

question: Which two prominent scientists advanced theories that John N. Gray claims would never have survived the scientific method Popper describes?

answer: Darwin and Einstein

text: Darwin and Einstein

question: Which work by John Gray challenges Popper's falsificationism?

answer: Straw Dogs

text: Straw Dogs

question: According to Gray, what should have falsified Einstein and Darwin's theories when first proposed?

answer: available evidence

text: available evidence

question: What kind of thesis does Gray advance about scientific progress?

answer: irrationalist

text: irrationalist

question: What did John Gray say according to Popper?

question: Whose theories were compatible with all available evidence when they were introduced?

text: Darwin

question: What is the rationalist thesis?

question: Where does Popper state this would have "killed the theories of Darwin and Einstein at birth."?

text: Straw Dogs

question: What thesis does Popper seek to establish?

text: irrationalist


text: Many of the area's prominent museums are located in the historic cultural center neighborhood around Wayne State University and the College for Creative Studies. These museums include the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Detroit Historical Museum, Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, the Detroit Science Center, as well as the main branch of the Detroit Public Library. Other cultural highlights include Motown Historical Museum, the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant museum (birthplace of the Ford Model T and the world's oldest car factory building open to the public), the Pewabic Pottery studio and school, the Tuskegee Airmen Museum, Fort Wayne, the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit (MOCAD), the Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit (CAID), and the Belle Isle Conservatory.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: prominent

text: museums

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: cultural

text: center

text: neighborhood

text: around

text: Wayne

text: State

text: University

text: and

text: the

text: College

text: for

text: Creative

text: Studies

text: These

text: museums

text: include

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Institute

text: of

text: Arts

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Historical

text: Museum

text: Charles

text: H.

text: Wright

text: Museum

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: History

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Science

text: Center

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Public

text: Library

text: Other

text: cultural

text: highlights

text: include

text: Motown

text: Historical

text: Museum

text: the

text: Ford

text: Piquette

text: Avenue

text: Plant

text: museum

text: birthplace

text: of

text: the

text: Ford

text: Model

text: T

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: car

text: factory

text: building

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: the

text: Pewabic

text: Pottery

text: studio

text: and

text: school

text: the

text: Tuskegee

text: Airmen

text: Museum

text: Fort

text: Wayne

text: the

text: Dossin

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: Museum

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: Detroit

text: MOCAD

text: the

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: Institute

text: of

text: Detroit

text: CAID

text: and

text: the

text: Belle

text: Isle

text: Conservatory

question: What is the name of the art museum in Detroit?

answer: Detroit Institute of Arts

text: Detroit Institute of Arts

question: What is the name of the Detroit museum of African American history?

answer: Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

text: Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History

question: Where was the birthplace of the Model T?

answer: Ford Piquette Avenue Plant

text: Ford Piquette Avenue Plant

question: What does MOCAD stand for?

answer: Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit

text: Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit

question: What does CAID stand for?

answer: Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit

text: Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit


text: The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: The

text: traditional

text: energy

text: supply

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: is

text: lignite

text: mined

text: in

text: the

text: bordering

text: Leipzig

text: region

text: Since

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: environmentally

text: unfriendly

text: lignite

text: combustion

text: has

text: declined

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: renewable

text: energies

text: which

text: reached

text: an

text: amount

text: of

text: in

text: and

text: more

text: clean

text: gas

text: combustion

text: often

text: carried

text: out

text: as

text: Cogeneration

text: in

text: the

text: municipal

text: power

text: stations

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: forms

text: of

text: renewable

text: energies

text: are

text: Wind

text: power

text: and

text: Biomass

text: followed

text: by

text: Solar

text: energy

text: and

text: Hydroelectricity

text: Furthermore

text: Thuringia

text: hosts

text: two

text: big

text: pumped

text: storage

text: stations

text: the

text: Goldisthal

text: Pumped

text: Storage

text: Station

text: and

text: the

text: Hohenwarte

text: Dam

question: What is Thuringia's traditional energy supply?

answer: lignite

text: lignite

question: Where does Thuringia get it's lignite?

answer: mined in the bordering Leipzig region

text: mined in the bordering Leipzig region

question: How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?

answer: carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations

text: carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations

question: What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources?

answer: Wind power and Biomass

text: Wind power and Biomass

question: What is Hohenwarte Dam?

answer: big pumped storage stations

text: big pumped storage stations

question: What is Thuringia's new energy supply?

text: lignite

question: Where does Thuringia steal it's lignite?

text: mined in the bordering Leipzig region

question: How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption forbidden as being?

question: What are Thuringia's least important renewable energy sources?

text: Wind power and Biomass

question: What is Hohenwarte Dam never able to become?

text: big pumped storage stations


text: In 1980, Rhodesia, Britain's last African colony, became the independent nation of Zimbabwe. The New Hebrides achieved independence (as Vanuatu) in 1980, with Belize following suit in 1981. The passage of the British Nationality Act 1981, which reclassified the remaining Crown colonies as "British Dependent Territories" (renamed British Overseas Territories in 2002) meant that, aside from a scattering of islands and outposts the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete. In 1982, Britain's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire. Britain's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain's status as a world power. The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution. Similarly, the Constitution Act 1986 reformed the constitution of New Zealand to sever its constitutional link with Britain, and the Australia Act 1986 severed the constitutional link between Britain and the Australian states. In 1984, Brunei, Britain's last remaining Asian protectorate, gained its independence.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: Rhodesia

text: Britain

text: 's

text: last

text: African

text: colony

text: became

text: the

text: independent

text: nation

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: The

text: New

text: Hebrides

text: achieved

text: independence

text: as

text: Vanuatu

text: in

text: with

text: Belize

text: following

text: suit

text: in

text: The

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Nationality

text: Act

text: which

text: reclassified

text: the

text: remaining

text: Crown

text: colonies

text: as

text: British

text: Dependent

text: Territories

text: renamed

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

text: in

text: meant

text: that

text: aside

text: from

text: a

text: scattering

text: of

text: islands

text: and

text: outposts

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: decolonisation

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: largely

text: complete

text: In

text: Britain

text: 's

text: resolve

text: in

text: defending

text: its

text: remaining

text: overseas

text: territories

text: was

text: tested

text: when

text: Argentina

text: invaded

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: acting

text: on

text: a

text: long

text: standing

text: claim

text: that

text: dated

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: Britain

text: 's

text: ultimately

text: successful

text: military

text: response

text: to

text: retake

text: the

text: islands

text: during

text: the

text: ensuing

text: Falklands

text: War

text: was

text: viewed

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: reversing

text: the

text: downward

text: trend

text: in

text: Britain

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: world

text: power

text: The

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: Canadian

text: government

text: severed

text: its

text: last

text: legal

text: link

text: with

text: Britain

text: by

text: patriating

text: the

text: Canadian

text: constitution

text: from

text: Britain

text: The

text: Canada

text: Act

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: parliament

text: ended

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: British

text: involvement

text: in

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: Canadian

text: constitution

text: Similarly

text: the

text: Constitution

text: Act

text: reformed

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: sever

text: its

text: constitutional

text: link

text: with

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Australia

text: Act

text: severed

text: the

text: constitutional

text: link

text: between

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Australian

text: states

text: In

text: Brunei

text: Britain

text: 's

text: last

text: remaining

text: Asian

text: protectorate

text: gained

text: its

text: independence

question: When was Canada given full control of its constitution?

answer: 1982

question: When did Rhodesia become Zimbabwe?

answer: 1980

question: What were the remaining British territories called in 1981?

answer: British Dependent Territories

text: British Dependent Territories

question: What were the remaining British territories called in 2002?

answer: British Overseas Territories

text: British Overseas Territories

question: Which 1980s war victory helped Britain seem more like a world power again?

answer: Falklands War

text: Falklands War


text: The Super Slim model of PS3 has received positive reviews. Gaming website Spong praised the new Super Slim's quietness, stating "The most noticeable noise comes when the drive seeks a new area of the disc, such as when starting to load a game, and this occurs infrequently." They added that the fans are quieter than that of Slim, and went on to praise the new smaller, lighter size. Criticism was placed on the new disc loader, stating: "The cover can be moved by hand if you wish, there's also an eject button to do the work for you, but there is no software eject from the triangle button menus in the Xross Media Bar (XMB) interface. In addition, you have to close the cover by hand, which can be a bit fiddly if it's upright, and the PS3 won't start reading a disc unless you do [close the cover]." They also said there is no real drop in retail price.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: The

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: of

text: has

text: received

text: positive

text: reviews

text: Gaming

text: website

text: Spong

text: praised

text: the

text: new

text: Super

text: Slim

text: 's

text: quietness

text: stating

text: The

text: most

text: noticeable

text: noise

text: comes

text: when

text: the

text: drive

text: seeks

text: a

text: new

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: disc

text: such

text: as

text: when

text: starting

text: to

text: load

text: a

text: game

text: and

text: this

text: occurs

text: infrequently

text: They

text: added

text: that

text: the

text: fans

text: are

text: quieter

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Slim

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: praise

text: the

text: new

text: smaller

text: lighter

text: size

text: Criticism

text: was

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: new

text: disc

text: loader

text: stating

text: The

text: cover

text: can

text: be

text: moved

text: by

text: hand

text: if

text: you

text: wish

text: there

text: 's

text: also

text: an

text: eject

text: button

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: work

text: for

text: you

text: but

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: software

text: eject

text: from

text: the

text: triangle

text: button

text: menus

text: in

text: the

text: Xross

text: Media

text: Bar

text: XMB

text: interface

text: In

text: addition

text: you

text: have

text: to

text: close

text: the

text: cover

text: by

text: hand

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: bit

text: fiddly

text: if

text: it

text: 's

text: upright

text: and

text: the

text: wo

text: n't

text: start

text: reading

text: a

text: disc

text: unless

text: you

text: do

text: close

text: the

text: cover

text: They

text: also

text: said

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: real

text: drop

text: in

text: retail

text: price

question: What quality of the PS3 Super Slim was the website Spong excited about?

answer: quietness

text: quietness

question: In addition to quieter fans and drive, what change from the other models did Spong praise?

answer: smaller, lighter size

text: smaller, lighter size

question: What piece of the PS3 Super Slim's hardware did Spong say was too "fiddly"?

answer: disc loader

text: disc loader

question: What did Spong said you have to do to the disc loader before the console will start reading the disc?

answer: close the cover

text: close the cover

question: What quality of the PS2 Super Slim was the website Spong excited about?

text: quietness

question: In addition to louder fans and drive, what change from the other models did Spong praise?

text: smaller, lighter size

question: What piece of the PS2 Super Slim's hardware did Spong say was too "fiddly"?

text: disc loader

question: What did Spong said you have to not do to the disc loader before the console will start reading the disc?

text: close the cover

question: What did Spong said you have to do to the disc loader before the console will stop reading the disc?

text: close the cover


text: Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3). Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process).

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Decoding

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: is

text: carefully

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: standard

text: Most

text: decoders

text: are

text: bitstream

text: compliant

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: decompressed

text: output

text: that

text: they

text: produce

text: from

text: a

text: given

text: file

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: same

text: within

text: a

text: specified

text: degree

text: of

text: rounding

text: tolerance

text: as

text: the

text: output

text: specified

text: mathematically

text: in

text: the

text: ISO

text: IEC

text: high

text: standard

text: document

text: ISO

text: IEC

text: Therefore

text: comparison

text: of

text: decoders

text: is

text: usually

text: based

text: on

text: how

text: computationally

text: efficient

text: they

text: are

text: i.e.

text: how

text: much

text: memory

text: or

text: CPU

text: time

text: they

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: decoding

text: process

question: What is carefully defined in the standard?

answer: Decoding

text: Decoding

question: What are most decoders?

answer: bitstream compliant

text: bitstream compliant

question: The ISO/IEC high standard document states that the decompressed output produced from a given MP3 file will be the same within what standards?

answer: specified degree of rounding tolerance

text: specified degree of rounding tolerance

question: Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor?

answer: computationally efficient

text: computationally efficient

question: The efficiency of decoders is examined by seeing how much memory and what other process they use in the decoding process?

answer: CPU time

text: CPU time


text: An article in Science suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake. The chief engineer of the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau said that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, allowing them to move apart, and could have increased the direct pressure on it, causing a violent rupture. The effect was "25 times more" than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement. The government had disregarded warnings about so many large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area. Researchers have been denied access to seismological and geological data to examine the cause of the quake further.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: An

text: article

text: in

text: Science

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: construction

text: and

text: filling

text: of

text: the

text: Zipingpu

text: Dam

text: may

text: have

text: triggered

text: the

text: earthquake

text: The

text: chief

text: engineer

text: of

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Geology

text: and

text: Mineral

text: Bureau

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: sudden

text: shift

text: of

text: a

text: huge

text: quantity

text: of

text: water

text: into

text: the

text: region

text: could

text: have

text: relaxed

text: the

text: tension

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: fault

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: move

text: apart

text: and

text: could

text: have

text: increased

text: the

text: direct

text: pressure

text: on

text: it

text: causing

text: a

text: violent

text: rupture

text: The

text: effect

text: was

text: times

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: year

text: 's

text: worth

text: of

text: natural

text: stress

text: from

text: tectonic

text: movement

text: The

text: government

text: had

text: disregarded

text: warnings

text: about

text: so

text: many

text: large

text: scale

text: dam

text: projects

text: in

text: a

text: seismically

text: active

text: area

text: Researchers

text: have

text: been

text: denied

text: access

text: to

text: seismological

text: and

text: geological

text: data

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: quake

text: further

question: What was concluded about the construction?

answer: that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, allowing them to move apart, and could have increased the direct pressure on it, causing a violent rupture

text: that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, allowing them to move apart, and could have increased the direct pressure on it, causing a violent rupture

question: What structure did an article contemplate could have caused the quake?

answer: Zipingpu Dam

text: Zipingpu Dam

question: What was the affect of the dam on the stresses in that area?

answer: 25 times more

text: 25 times more

question: Who disregarded warnings about dams in the area?

answer: The government

text: The government

question: What type of area is Sichuan?

answer: seismically active

text: seismically active

question: What have researchers been denied?

answer: access to seismological and geological data

text: access to seismological and geological data


text: Nanjing is the intersection of Yangtze River, an east-west water transport artery, and Nanjing–Beijing railway, a south-north land transport artery, hence the name “door of the east and west, throat of the south and north”. Furthermore, the west part of the Ningzhen range is in Nanjing; the Loong-like Zhong Mountain is curling in the east of the city; the tiger-like Stone Mountain is crouching in the west of the city, hence the name “the Zhong Mountain, a dragon curling, and the Stone Mountain, a tiger crouching”. Mr. Sun Yet-sen spoke highly of Nanjing in the “Constructive Scheme for Our Country”, “The position of Nanjing is wonderful since mountains, lakes and plains all integrated in it. It is hard to find another city like this.”

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: an

text: east

text: west

text: water

text: transport

text: artery

text: and

text: Nanjing

text: Beijing

text: railway

text: a

text: south

text: north

text: land

text: transport

text: artery

text: hence

text: the

text: name

text: door

text: of

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: throat

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: north

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: west

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ningzhen

text: range

text: is

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: the

text: Loong

text: like

text: Zhong

text: Mountain

text: is

text: curling

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: tiger

text: like

text: Stone

text: Mountain

text: is

text: crouching

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: hence

text: the

text: name

text: the

text: Zhong

text: Mountain

text: a

text: dragon

text: curling

text: and

text: the

text: Stone

text: Mountain

text: a

text: tiger

text: crouching

text: Mr.

text: Sun

text: Yet

text: sen

text: spoke

text: highly

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: in

text: the

text: Constructive

text: Scheme

text: for

text: Our

text: Country

text: The

text: position

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: wonderful

text: since

text: mountains

text: lakes

text: and

text: plains

text: all

text: integrated

text: in

text: it

text: It

text: is

text: hard

text: to

text: find

text: another

text: city

text: like

text: this

question: What is the east-west waterway near Nanjing?

answer: Yangtze River

text: Yangtze River

question: What is the railway that runs South to North called?

answer: Nanjing–Beijing railway

text: Nanjing–Beijing railway

question: What mountain is in the East are of Nanjing?

answer: Zhong Mountain

text: Zhong Mountain

question: What mountain lies in the west of Nanjing?

answer: Stone Mountain

text: Stone Mountain

question: Stone Mountain is compared to what animal?

answer: tiger

text: tiger


text: Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer. While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event, it includes what is billed as "the world's largest non-mechanized parade". The Rodeo Parade is a popular event as most schools give two rodeo days off instead of Presidents Day. The exception to this is Presidio High (a non-public charter school), which doesn't get either. Western wear is seen throughout the city as corporate dress codes are cast aside during the Fiesta. The Fiesta de los Vaqueros marks the beginning of the rodeo season in the United States.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Another

text: popular

text: event

text: held

text: in

text: February

text: which

text: is

text: early

text: spring

text: in

text: Tucson

text: is

text: the

text: Fiesta

text: de

text: los

text: Vaqueros

text: or

text: rodeo

text: week

text: founded

text: by

text: winter

text: visitor

text: Leighton

text: Kramer

text: While

text: at

text: its

text: heart

text: the

text: Fiesta

text: is

text: a

text: sporting

text: event

text: it

text: includes

text: what

text: is

text: billed

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: non

text: mechanized

text: parade

text: The

text: Rodeo

text: Parade

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: event

text: as

text: most

text: schools

text: give

text: two

text: rodeo

text: days

text: off

text: instead

text: of

text: Presidents

text: Day

text: The

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: is

text: Presidio

text: High

text: a

text: non

text: public

text: charter

text: school

text: which

text: does

text: n't

text: get

text: either

text: Western

text: wear

text: is

text: seen

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: corporate

text: dress

text: codes

text: are

text: cast

text: aside

text: during

text: the

text: Fiesta

text: The

text: Fiesta

text: de

text: los

text: Vaqueros

text: marks

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: rodeo

text: season

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What season is February in Tucson?

answer: spring

text: spring

question: What is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?

answer: rodeo week

text: rodeo week

question: What month is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros held in?

answer: February

text: February

question: Who started the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?

answer: Leighton Kramer

text: Leighton Kramer

question: How much time do Tucson schools give students off to attend the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?

answer: two rodeo days off

text: two rodeo days off


text: Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001. The team's stadium is the Mestalla; its city rival Levante UD also plays in the highest division after gaining promotion in 2010, their stadium is Estadi Ciutat de València. From the year 2011 there has been a third team in the city, Huracán Valencia, who play their games in Municipal de Manises, in the Segunda División B.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Valencia

text: is

text: also

text: internationally

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: football

text: club

text: Valencia

text: C.F.

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: Spanish

text: league

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: it

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: for

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: six

text: times

text: and

text: was

text: a

text: UEFA

text: Champions

text: League

text: runner

text: up

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: team

text: 's

text: stadium

text: is

text: the

text: Mestalla

text: its

text: city

text: rival

text: Levante

text: UD

text: also

text: plays

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: division

text: after

text: gaining

text: promotion

text: in

text: their

text: stadium

text: is

text: Estadi

text: Ciutat

text: de

text: València

text: From

text: the

text: year

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: third

text: team

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Huracán

text: Valencia

text: who

text: play

text: their

text: games

text: in

text: Municipal

text: de

text: Manises

text: in

text: the

text: Segunda

text: División

text: B.

question: When did Valencia C.F. win the UEFA Cup?

answer: 2004

question: How many times did Valencia C.F. win the Spanish league?

answer: six

text: six

question: What is Levante UD's stadium?

answer: Estadi Ciutat de València

text: Estadi Ciutat de València

question: In which division does Huracan Valencia play?

answer: Segunda División B

text: Segunda División B

question: Where does Huracan Valencia play?

answer: Municipal de Manises

text: Municipal de Manises