text: With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby town of Roncourt and with the survivors of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a fresh attack against the ruins of St. Privat. At 20:00, the arrival of the Prussian 4th Infantry Division of the II Corps and with the Prussian right flank on Mance Ravine, the line stabilised. By then, the Prussians of the 1st Guards Infantry Division and the XII and II Corps captured St. Privat forcing the decimated French forces to withdraw. With the Prussians exhausted from the fighting, the French were now able to mount a counter-attack. General Bourbaki, however, refused to commit the reserves of the French Old Guard to the battle because, by that time, he considered the overall situation a 'defeat'. By 22:00, firing largely died down across the battlefield for the night. The next morning, the French Army of the Rhine, rather than resume the battle with an attack of its own against the battle-weary German armies, retreated to Metz where they were besieged and forced to surrender two months later.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: With

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Army

text: Prince

text: Frederick

text: Charles

text: ordered

text: a

text: massed

text: artillery

text: attack

text: against

text: Canrobert

text: 's

text: position

text: at

text: St.

text: Privat

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: Guards

text: attack

text: from

text: failing

text: too

text: At

text: the

text: Division

text: of

text: Fransecky

text: 's

text: II

text: Corps

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Army

text: advanced

text: across

text: Ravine

text: while

text: the

text: XII

text: Corps

text: cleared

text: out

text: the

text: nearby

text: town

text: of

text: Roncourt

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: survivors

text: of

text: the

text: Guards

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: launched

text: a

text: fresh

text: attack

text: against

text: the

text: ruins

text: of

text: St.

text: Privat

text: At

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: II

text: Corps

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Prussian

text: right

text: flank

text: on

text: Mance

text: Ravine

text: the

text: line

text: stabilised

text: By

text: then

text: the

text: Prussians

text: of

text: the

text: Guards

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: and

text: the

text: XII

text: and

text: II

text: Corps

text: captured

text: St.

text: Privat

text: forcing

text: the

text: decimated

text: French

text: forces

text: to

text: withdraw

text: With

text: the

text: Prussians

text: exhausted

text: from

text: the

text: fighting

text: the

text: French

text: were

text: now

text: able

text: to

text: mount

text: a

text: counter

text: attack

text: General

text: Bourbaki

text: however

text: refused

text: to

text: commit

text: the

text: reserves

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Old

text: Guard

text: to

text: the

text: battle

text: because

text: by

text: that

text: time

text: he

text: considered

text: the

text: overall

text: situation

text: a

text: defeat

text: By

text: firing

text: largely

text: died

text: down

text: across

text: the

text: battlefield

text: for

text: the

text: night

text: The

text: next

text: morning

text: the

text: French

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: rather

text: than

text: resume

text: the

text: battle

text: with

text: an

text: attack

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: against

text: the

text: battle

text: weary

text: German

text: armies

text: retreated

text: to

text: Metz

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: besieged

text: and

text: forced

text: to

text: surrender

text: two

text: months

text: later

question: Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert?

answer: Prince Frederick Charles

text: Prince Frederick Charles

question: Which army's defeat compelled Prince Charles to attack?

answer: defeat of the First Army,

text: defeat of the First Army,

question: As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town?

answer: Roncourt

text: Roncourt

question: The surving soldiers of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a new attack against what?

answer: ruins of St. Privat

text: ruins of St. Privat

question: Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later?

answer: French Army of the Rhine

text: French Army of the Rhine


text: The major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the mandate to rule that region as a national colony. The European nation that held the claim developed and benefited from their colony’s commercial interests without having to fear rival European competition. With the colonial claim came the underlying assumption that the European power that exerted control would use its mandate to offer protection and provide welfare for its colonial peoples, however, this principle remained more theory than practice. There were many documented instances of material and moral conditions deteriorating for native Africans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries under European colonial rule, to the point where the colonial experience for them has been described as "hell on earth."

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: major

text: European

text: powers

text: laid

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: Africa

text: where

text: they

text: could

text: exhibit

text: a

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: area

text: These

text: claims

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: to

text: have

text: any

text: substantial

text: land

text: holdings

text: or

text: treaties

text: to

text: be

text: legitimate

text: The

text: European

text: power

text: that

text: demonstrated

text: its

text: control

text: over

text: a

text: territory

text: accepted

text: the

text: mandate

text: to

text: rule

text: that

text: region

text: as

text: a

text: national

text: colony

text: The

text: European

text: nation

text: that

text: held

text: the

text: claim

text: developed

text: and

text: benefited

text: from

text: their

text: colony

text: ’s

text: commercial

text: interests

text: without

text: having

text: to

text: fear

text: rival

text: European

text: competition

text: With

text: the

text: colonial

text: claim

text: came

text: the

text: underlying

text: assumption

text: that

text: the

text: European

text: power

text: that

text: exerted

text: control

text: would

text: use

text: its

text: mandate

text: to

text: offer

text: protection

text: and

text: provide

text: welfare

text: for

text: its

text: colonial

text: peoples

text: however

text: this

text: principle

text: remained

text: more

text: theory

text: than

text: practice

text: There

text: were

text: many

text: documented

text: instances

text: of

text: material

text: and

text: moral

text: conditions

text: deteriorating

text: for

text: native

text: Africans

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: and

text: early

text: twentieth

text: centuries

text: under

text: European

text: colonial

text: rule

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: where

text: the

text: colonial

text: experience

text: for

text: them

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: hell

text: on

text: earth

question: Why did European powers lay claim to areas Africa?

answer: exhibit a sphere of influence over the area

text: exhibit a sphere of influence over the area

question: What did the European powers need to make their claim over these areas legitimate?

answer: These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate.

text: These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate.

question: What do European powers that exibit their control ovet an area accept?

answer: mandate to rule that region as a national colony.

text: mandate to rule that region as a national colony.

question: How did the claims on the areas in Africa benefit the European powers?

answer: colony’s commercial interests without having to fear rival European competition.

text: colony’s commercial interests without having to fear rival European competition.

question: What was the colonial experience for Africans described as?

answer: hell on earth.

text: hell on earth.


text: After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, "Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on." When asked in 2014 "Of all the things you are famous for … which are you least proud of?", Schwarzenegger replied "I'm least proud of the mistakes I made that caused my family pain and split us up".

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: After

text: the

text: scandal

text: actress

text: Brigitte

text: Nielsen

text: came

text: forward

text: and

text: stated

text: that

text: she

text: too

text: had

text: an

text: affair

text: with

text: Schwarzenegger

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: Shriver

text: saying

text: Maybe

text: I

text: would

text: n't

text: have

text: got

text: into

text: it

text: if

text: he

text: said

text: I

text: 'm

text: going

text: to

text: marry

text: Maria

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: dead

text: serious

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: n't

text: and

text: our

text: affair

text: carried

text: on

text: When

text: asked

text: in

text: Of

text: all

text: the

text: things

text: you

text: are

text: famous

text: for

text: which

text: are

text: you

text: least

text: proud

text: of

text: Schwarzenegger

text: replied

text: I

text: 'm

text: least

text: proud

text: of

text: the

text: mistakes

text: I

text: made

text: that

text: caused

text: my

text: family

text: pain

text: and

text: split

text: us

text: up

question: What actress claimed she also carried on an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was with Shriver?

answer: Brigitte Nielsen

text: Brigitte Nielsen


text: A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small space. As Internet bandwidth availability and hard drive sizes have increased, higher bit rates up to 320 kbit/s are widespread.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: A

text: sample

text: rate

text: of

text: kHz

text: is

text: almost

text: always

text: used

text: because

text: this

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: CD

text: audio

text: the

text: main

text: source

text: used

text: for

text: creating

text: files

text: A

text: greater

text: variety

text: of

text: bit

text: rates

text: are

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: Internet

text: The

text: rate

text: of

text: kbit

text: s

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: at

text: a

text: compression

text: ratio

text: of

text: offering

text: adequate

text: audio

text: quality

text: in

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: space

text: As

text: Internet

text: bandwidth

text: availability

text: and

text: hard

text: drive

text: sizes

text: have

text: increased

text: higher

text: bit

text: rates

text: up

text: to

text: kbit

text: s

text: are

text: widespread

question: What sampling rate is used for CD audio?

answer: 44.1 kHz

text: 44.1 kHz

question: What is the main source used for creating MP3 files?

answer: CD audio

text: CD audio

question: Where can one find a greater variety of bit rates?

answer: the Internet

text: the Internet

question: The common bit rate on the internet is 128 kbit/s using which compression ratio?

answer: 11:1

question: As technology advances, what is another higher bit rate that is beginning to spread?

answer: 320 kbit/s

text: 320 kbit/s


text: According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum. David Lister in The Independent states that Lee's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more, and her silence "makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart". Despite her discouragement, a rising number of tourists made to Monroeville a destination, hoping to see Lee's inspiration for the book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic "Hell, no!"

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: National

text: Geographic

text: article

text: the

text: novel

text: is

text: so

text: revered

text: in

text: Monroeville

text: that

text: people

text: quote

text: lines

text: from

text: it

text: like

text: Scripture

text: yet

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: herself

text: refused

text: to

text: attend

text: any

text: performances

text: because

text: she

text: abhors

text: anything

text: that

text: trades

text: on

text: the

text: book

text: 's

text: fame

text: To

text: underscore

text: this

text: sentiment

text: Lee

text: demanded

text: that

text: a

text: book

text: of

text: recipes

text: named

text: Calpurnia

text: 's

text: Cookbook

text: not

text: be

text: published

text: and

text: sold

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Monroe

text: County

text: Heritage

text: Museum

text: David

text: Lister

text: in

text: The

text: Independent

text: states

text: that

text: Lee

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: speak

text: to

text: reporters

text: made

text: them

text: desire

text: to

text: interview

text: her

text: all

text: the

text: more

text: and

text: her

text: silence

text: makes

text: Bob

text: Dylan

text: look

text: like

text: a

text: media

text: tart

text: Despite

text: her

text: discouragement

text: a

text: rising

text: number

text: of

text: tourists

text: made

text: to

text: Monroeville

text: a

text: destination

text: hoping

text: to

text: see

text: Lee

text: 's

text: inspiration

text: for

text: the

text: book

text: or

text: Lee

text: herself

text: Local

text: residents

text: call

text: them

text: Mockingbird

text: groupies

text: and

text: although

text: Lee

text: was

text: not

text: reclusive

text: she

text: refused

text: publicity

text: and

text: interviews

text: with

text: an

text: emphatic

text: Hell

text: no

question: How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book?

answer: like Scripture

text: like Scripture

question: What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town?

answer: Mockingbird groupies

text: Mockingbird groupies


text: Protestantism has had an important influence on science. According to the Merton Thesis, there was a positive correlation between the rise of English Puritanism and German Pietism on the one hand and early experimental science on the other. The Merton Thesis has two separate parts: Firstly, it presents a theory that science changes due to an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology; secondly, it puts forward the argument that the popularity of science in 17th-century England and the religious demography of the Royal Society (English scientists of that time were predominantly Puritans or other Protestants) can be explained by a correlation between Protestantism and the scientific values. Merton focused on English Puritanism and German Pietism as having been responsible for the development of the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries. He explained that the connection between religious affiliation and interest in science was the result of a significant synergy between the ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science. Protestant values encouraged scientific research by allowing science to identify God's influence on the world—his creation—and thus providing a religious justification for scientific research.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestantism

text: has

text: had

text: an

text: important

text: influence

text: on

text: science

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Merton

text: Thesis

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: positive

text: correlation

text: between

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: English

text: Puritanism

text: and

text: German

text: Pietism

text: on

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: and

text: early

text: experimental

text: science

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: The

text: Merton

text: Thesis

text: has

text: two

text: separate

text: parts

text: Firstly

text: it

text: presents

text: a

text: theory

text: that

text: science

text: changes

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: accumulation

text: of

text: observations

text: and

text: improvement

text: in

text: experimental

text: technique

text: and

text: methodology

text: secondly

text: it

text: puts

text: forward

text: the

text: argument

text: that

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: science

text: in

text: century

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: religious

text: demography

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: English

text: scientists

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: were

text: predominantly

text: Puritans

text: or

text: other

text: Protestants

text: can

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: a

text: correlation

text: between

text: Protestantism

text: and

text: the

text: scientific

text: values

text: Merton

text: focused

text: on

text: English

text: Puritanism

text: and

text: German

text: Pietism

text: as

text: having

text: been

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: He

text: explained

text: that

text: the

text: connection

text: between

text: religious

text: affiliation

text: and

text: interest

text: in

text: science

text: was

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: significant

text: synergy

text: between

text: the

text: ascetic

text: Protestant

text: values

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: modern

text: science

text: Protestant

text: values

text: encouraged

text: scientific

text: research

text: by

text: allowing

text: science

text: to

text: identify

text: God

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: his

text: creation

text: and

text: thus

text: providing

text: a

text: religious

text: justification

text: for

text: scientific

text: research

question: The rise of English Puritanism and German Pietism resulted in a corresponding rise in what?

answer: early experimental science

text: early experimental science

question: What religions did Merton think caused the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries?

answer: English Puritanism and German Pietism

text: English Puritanism and German Pietism

question: What other reason did Merton believe causes science to advance?

answer: an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology

text: an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology

question: What religions were English scientists in the 17th century?

answer: Puritans or other Protestants

text: Puritans or other Protestants

question: What values were thought to have a significant synergy?

answer: ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science

text: ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science


text: But house was also being developed on Ibiza,[citation needed] although no house artists or labels were coming from this tiny island at the time. By the mid-1980s a distinct Balearic mix of house was discernible.[citation needed] Several clubs such as Amnesia with DJ Alfredo were playing a mix of rock, pop, disco and house. These clubs, fueled by their distinctive sound and Ecstasy, began to have an influence on the British scene. By late 1987, DJs such as Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling were bringing the Ibiza sound to UK clubs such as the Haçienda in Manchester, and in London clubs such as Shoom in Southwark, Heaven, Future and Spectrum.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: But

text: house

text: was

text: also

text: being

text: developed

text: on

text: Ibiza,[citation

text: needed

text: although

text: no

text: house

text: artists

text: or

text: labels

text: were

text: coming

text: from

text: this

text: tiny

text: island

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: By

text: the

text: a

text: distinct

text: Balearic

text: mix

text: of

text: house

text: was

text: discernible.[citation

text: needed

text: Several

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: Amnesia

text: with

text: DJ

text: Alfredo

text: were

text: playing

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: rock

text: pop

text: disco

text: and

text: house

text: These

text: clubs

text: fueled

text: by

text: their

text: distinctive

text: sound

text: and

text: Ecstasy

text: began

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: scene

text: By

text: late

text: DJs

text: such

text: as

text: Trevor

text: Fung

text: Paul

text: Oakenfold

text: and

text: Danny

text: Rampling

text: were

text: bringing

text: the

text: Ibiza

text: sound

text: to

text: UK

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Haçienda

text: in

text: Manchester

text: and

text: in

text: London

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: Shoom

text: in

text: Southwark

text: Heaven

text: Future

text: and

text: Spectrum

question: what tiny island was house music also being devloped on?

answer: Ibiza

text: Ibiza

question: what was a popular club in ibiza that started playing dance and house music?

answer: Amnesia

text: Amnesia

question: who was the DJ at Amnesia in the mid 80s?

answer: DJ Alfredo

text: DJ Alfredo

question: who were some of the DJs that brought the ibiza sound to uk clubs in late 1987?

answer: Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling

text: Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and Danny Rampling

question: what was the name of the big dance club in Manchester UK in the late 80s?

answer: Haçienda

text: Haçienda

question: What tiny island was Rampling music also being developed on?

text: Ibiza

question: What was a popular club in Southwark that started playing dance and house music?

text: Amnesia

question: Who was the DJ at Southwark in the mid 80s?

text: DJ Alfredo

question: Who were some of the DJs that brought the Southwark sound to UK clubs in late 1987?

question: What was the name of the big dance club in Southwark UK in the late 80s?

text: Haçienda


text: Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Hogeschool

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: Belgium

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: hogeschool

text: has

text: many

text: similarities

text: to

text: the

text: Fachhochschule

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: areas

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: ammattikorkeakoulu

text: in

text: Finland

question: What term is used in Belgium and the Netherlands to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?

answer: hogeschool

text: hogeschool


text: Kaszycka et al. (2009) in 2002–2003 surveyed European anthropologists' opinions toward the biological race concept. Three factors, country of academic education, discipline, and age, were found to be significant in differentiating the replies. Those educated in Western Europe, physical anthropologists, and middle-aged persons rejected race more frequently than those educated in Eastern Europe, people in other branches of science, and those from both younger and older generations." The survey shows that the views on race are sociopolitically (ideologically) influenced and highly dependent on education."

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Kaszycka

text: et

text: al

text: in

text: surveyed

text: European

text: anthropologists

text: opinions

text: toward

text: the

text: biological

text: race

text: concept

text: Three

text: factors

text: country

text: of

text: academic

text: education

text: discipline

text: and

text: age

text: were

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: significant

text: in

text: differentiating

text: the

text: replies

text: Those

text: educated

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: physical

text: anthropologists

text: and

text: middle

text: aged

text: persons

text: rejected

text: race

text: more

text: frequently

text: than

text: those

text: educated

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: people

text: in

text: other

text: branches

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: those

text: from

text: both

text: younger

text: and

text: older

text: generations

text: The

text: survey

text: shows

text: that

text: the

text: views

text: on

text: race

text: are

text: sociopolitically

text: ideologically

text: influenced

text: and

text: highly

text: dependent

text: on

text: education

question: What years did Kaszycka survey Eureopean anthropolgists' opinions toward the biological race concept?

answer: 2002–2003

question: How many factors were found to be significant in differentiating the responses of European anthropologists?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: What did the people educated in Western Europe reject more frequently than those educated in Eastern Europe?

answer: race

text: race

question: How are views on race influenced?

answer: ideologically

text: ideologically

question: What are views on race highly dependent on?

answer: education

text: education


text: Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat, that finally raised the reference year (1999) budget deficit to 3.38% of GDP, thus exceeding the 3% limit. This led to claims that Greece (similar claims have been made about other European countries like Italy) had not actually met all five accession criteria, and the common perception that Greece entered the Eurozone through "falsified" deficit numbers.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: revised

text: budget

text: deficit

text: numbers

text: were

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: temporary

text: change

text: of

text: accounting

text: practices

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: government

text: i.e.

text: recording

text: expenses

text: when

text: military

text: material

text: was

text: ordered

text: rather

text: than

text: received

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: retroactive

text: application

text: of

text: methodology

text: applied

text: since

text: by

text: Eurostat

text: that

text: finally

text: raised

text: the

text: reference

text: year

text: budget

text: deficit

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text: thus

text: exceeding

text: the

text: limit

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: claims

text: that

text: Greece

text: similar

text: claims

text: have

text: been

text: made

text: about

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: like

text: Italy

text: had

text: not

text: actually

text: met

text: all

text: five

text: accession

text: criteria

text: and

text: the

text: common

text: perception

text: that

text: Greece

text: entered

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: through

text: falsified

text: deficit

text: numbers

question: What were the majority of the differences in the revised budget due to the temporary changing of?

answer: accounting practices

text: accounting practices

question: When were expenses recorded by the new government?

answer: when military material was ordered rather than received

text: when military material was ordered rather than received

question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in raising the budget deficit to?

answer: 3.38% of GDP

text: 3.38% of GDP

question: By how much did the budget deficit of Greece exceed the 3% limit in the reference year of 1999?

answer: .38%

question: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece made?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: What had no differences in the revised budget?

text: accounting practices

question: When were expenses classified by the new government?

question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in lowering the budget deficit to?

text: 3.38% of GDP

question: How much did the budget deficit of Greece decrease the 3% limit in the reference year of 1994?

question: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece restricted?

text: Italy


text: The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso that expatriate Roman citizens refrain from such worship; it might prove fatal. By the end of his reign, Augustus had appropriated Rome's political apparatus – and most of its religious cults – within his "reformed" and thoroughly integrated system of government. Towards the end of his life, he cautiously allowed cult to his numen. By then the Imperial cult apparatus was fully developed, first in the Eastern Provinces, then in the West. Provincial Cult centres offered the amenities and opportunities of a major Roman town within a local context; bathhouses, shrines and temples to Roman and local deities, amphitheatres and festivals. In the early Imperial period, the promotion of local elites to Imperial priesthood gave them Roman citizenship.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: first

text: and

text: last

text: Roman

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: living

text: divus

text: was

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: who

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: aspired

text: to

text: divine

text: monarchy

text: he

text: was

text: murdered

text: soon

text: after

text: Greek

text: allies

text: had

text: their

text: own

text: traditional

text: cults

text: to

text: rulers

text: as

text: divine

text: benefactors

text: and

text: offered

text: similar

text: cult

text: to

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: successor

text: Augustus

text: who

text: accepted

text: with

text: the

text: cautious

text: proviso

text: that

text: expatriate

text: Roman

text: citizens

text: refrain

text: from

text: such

text: worship

text: it

text: might

text: prove

text: fatal

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: Augustus

text: had

text: appropriated

text: Rome

text: 's

text: political

text: apparatus

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: religious

text: cults

text: within

text: his

text: reformed

text: and

text: thoroughly

text: integrated

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: Towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: he

text: cautiously

text: allowed

text: cult

text: to

text: his

text: numen

text: By

text: then

text: the

text: Imperial

text: cult

text: apparatus

text: was

text: fully

text: developed

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Provinces

text: then

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Provincial

text: Cult

text: centres

text: offered

text: the

text: amenities

text: and

text: opportunities

text: of

text: a

text: major

text: Roman

text: town

text: within

text: a

text: local

text: context

text: bathhouses

text: shrines

text: and

text: temples

text: to

text: Roman

text: and

text: local

text: deities

text: amphitheatres

text: and

text: festivals

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Imperial

text: period

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: local

text: elites

text: to

text: Imperial

text: priesthood

text: gave

text: them

text: Roman

text: citizenship

question: What Roman leader aspired to be a living god?

answer: Julius Caesar

text: Julius Caesar

question: What form of government did Cesar seem to be attempting?

answer: divine monarchy

text: divine monarchy

question: To what ruler did foreign allies offer a divine cult?

answer: Augustus

text: Augustus

question: For what was Augustus's reformed system of government notiable?

answer: integrated

text: integrated

question: By the end of Augustus's reign what was an established fact?

answer: Imperial cult

text: Imperial cult


text: Football is the most popular sport in Portugal. There are several football competitions ranging from local amateur to world-class professional level. The legendary Eusébio is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history. FIFA World Player of the Year winners Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for 2013 and 2014, are among the numerous examples of other world-class football players born in Portugal and noted worldwide. Portuguese football managers are also noteworthy, with José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José among the most renowned.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Football

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: sport

text: in

text: Portugal

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: football

text: competitions

text: ranging

text: from

text: local

text: amateur

text: to

text: world

text: class

text: professional

text: level

text: The

text: legendary

text: Eusébio

text: is

text: still

text: a

text: major

text: symbol

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: football

text: history

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Player

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: winners

text: Luís

text: Figo

text: and

text: Cristiano

text: Ronaldo

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Ballon

text: d'Or

text: for

text: and

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: numerous

text: examples

text: of

text: other

text: world

text: class

text: football

text: players

text: born

text: in

text: Portugal

text: and

text: noted

text: worldwide

text: Portuguese

text: football

text: managers

text: are

text: also

text: noteworthy

text: with

text: José

text: Mourinho

text: André

text: Villas

text: Boas

text: Fernando

text: Santos

text: Carlos

text: Queiroz

text: and

text: Manuel

text: José

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: renowned

question: What is the most popular sport in Portugal?

answer: Football

text: Football

question: What is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history?

answer: Eusébio

text: Eusébio

question: Who are two examples of the top football players born in Portugal?

answer: Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo

text: Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo

question: What award did both Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo win?

answer: FIFA World Player of the Year

text: FIFA World Player of the Year

question: Who are some of the most renowned football managers in Portugal?

answer: José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José

text: José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José


text: Addition of lead(II) oxide lowers melting point, lowers viscosity of the melt, and increases refractive index. Lead oxide also facilitates solubility of other metal oxides and is used in colored glasses. The viscosity decrease of lead glass melt is very significant (roughly 100 times in comparison with soda glasses); this allows easier removal of bubbles and working at lower temperatures, hence its frequent use as an additive in vitreous enamels and glass solders. The high ionic radius of the Pb2+ ion renders it highly immobile in the matrix and hinders the movement of other ions; lead glasses therefore have high electrical resistance, about two orders of magnitude higher than soda-lime glass (108.5 vs 106.5 Ohm·cm, DC at 250 °C). For more details, see lead glass.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Addition

text: of

text: lead(II

text: oxide

text: lowers

text: melting

text: point

text: lowers

text: viscosity

text: of

text: the

text: melt

text: and

text: increases

text: refractive

text: index

text: Lead

text: oxide

text: also

text: facilitates

text: solubility

text: of

text: other

text: metal

text: oxides

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: colored

text: glasses

text: The

text: viscosity

text: decrease

text: of

text: lead

text: glass

text: melt

text: is

text: very

text: significant

text: roughly

text: times

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: soda

text: glasses

text: this

text: allows

text: easier

text: removal

text: of

text: bubbles

text: and

text: working

text: at

text: lower

text: temperatures

text: hence

text: its

text: frequent

text: use

text: as

text: an

text: additive

text: in

text: vitreous

text: enamels

text: and

text: glass

text: solders

text: The

text: high

text: ionic

text: radius

text: of

text: the

text: ion

text: renders

text: it

text: highly

text: immobile

text: in

text: the

text: matrix

text: and

text: hinders

text: the

text: movement

text: of

text: other

text: ions

text: lead

text: glasses

text: therefore

text: have

text: high

text: electrical

text: resistance

text: about

text: two

text: orders

text: of

text: magnitude

text: higher

text: than

text: soda

text: lime

text: glass

text: vs

text: Ohm·cm

text: DC

text: at

text: C

text: For

text: more

text: details

text: see

text: lead

text: glass

question: What makes glass melt at a lower temperature?

answer: lead(II) oxide

text: lead(II) oxide

question: How much less viscous is lead glass compared with soda glass?

answer: 100 times

text: 100 times

question: Pb2+ causes lead glass to have what?

answer: high electrical resistance

text: high electrical resistance

question: Lead oxide makes it easier to dissolve what?

answer: other metal oxides

text: other metal oxides

question: What makes glass melt higher than soda?

text: lead(II) oxide

question: How much less viscous is lead glass compared with lead?

text: 100 times

question: Pb2+ causes bubbles to have what?

text: high electrical resistance

question: Lead oxide makes it easier to decrease viscosity in what?

text: other metal oxides

question: What makes the Pb2+ ion vitreous?

text: high ionic radius


text: Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Indigenous

text: Australians

text: have

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: black

text: people

text: in

text: Australia

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: days

text: of

text: European

text: settlement

text: While

text: originally

text: related

text: to

text: skin

text: colour

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: today

text: to

text: indicate

text: Aboriginal

text: or

text: Torres

text: Strait

text: Islander

text: ancestry

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: people

text: of

text: any

text: skin

text: pigmentation

question: Who has been referred to as "black people"?

answer: Indigenous Australians

text: Indigenous Australians

question: What was the original term related to?

answer: skin colour

text: skin colour

question: Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black?

answer: since the early days of European settlement

text: since the early days of European settlement

question: What does the term relate to know in reference to Australians?

answer: to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry

text: to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry


text: Mahayana Buddhism flourished in India from the 5th century CE onwards, during the dynasty of the Guptas. Mahāyāna centres of learning were established, the most important one being the Nālandā University in north-eastern India.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Mahayana

text: Buddhism

text: flourished

text: in

text: India

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: onwards

text: during

text: the

text: dynasty

text: of

text: the

text: Guptas

text: Mahāyāna

text: centres

text: of

text: learning

text: were

text: established

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: one

text: being

text: the

text: Nālandā

text: University

text: in

text: north

text: eastern

text: India

question: What was the most important Mahayana centre of learning?

answer: Nālandā University

text: Nālandā University


text: Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: judicial

text: branch

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Court

text: of

text: Criminal

text: Appeals

text: and

text: District

text: Courts

text: that

text: each

text: serves

text: one

text: county

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: judiciary

text: also

text: contains

text: two

text: independent

text: courts

text: a

text: Court

text: of

text: Impeachment

text: and

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Court

text: on

text: the

text: Judiciary

text: Oklahoma

text: has

text: two

text: courts

text: of

text: last

text: resort

text: the

text: state

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: hears

text: civil

text: cases

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: Court

text: of

text: Criminal

text: Appeals

text: hears

text: criminal

text: cases

text: this

text: split

text: system

text: exists

text: only

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: neighboring

text: Texas

text: Judges

text: of

text: those

text: two

text: courts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Civil

text: Appeals

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: upon

text: the

text: recommendation

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Judicial

text: Nominating

text: Commission

text: and

text: are

text: subject

text: to

text: a

text: non

text: partisan

text: retention

text: vote

text: on

text: a

text: six

text: year

text: rotating

text: schedule

question: How many district courts does Oklahoma have?

answer: 77

question: How many counties does Oklahoma have?

answer: 77

question: What is the civil court of last resort in Oklahoma?

answer: the state Supreme Court

text: the state Supreme Court

question: What is the criminal court of last resort in Oklahoma?

answer: the state Court of Criminal Appeals

text: the state Court of Criminal Appeals

question: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?

answer: Texas

text: Texas


text: Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it." Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as "our beloved sister Church". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Cardinal

text: Augustin

text: Bea

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Secretariat

text: for

text: Promoting

text: Christian

text: Unity

text: added

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: visit

text: Let

text: us

text: move

text: forward

text: in

text: Christ

text: God

text: wants

text: it

text: Humanity

text: is

text: waiting

text: for

text: it

text: Unmoved

text: by

text: a

text: harsh

text: condemnation

text: by

text: the

text: Congregation

text: of

text: Faith

text: on

text: mixed

text: marriages

text: precisely

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: visit

text: Paul

text: VI

text: and

text: Ramsey

text: appointed

text: a

text: preparatory

text: commission

text: which

text: was

text: to

text: put

text: the

text: common

text: agenda

text: into

text: practice

text: on

text: such

text: issues

text: as

text: mixed

text: marriages

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: joint

text: Malta

text: declaration

text: the

text: first

text: joint

text: agreement

text: on

text: the

text: Creed

text: since

text: the

text: Reformation

text: Paul

text: VI

text: was

text: a

text: good

text: friend

text: of

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Church

text: which

text: he

text: described

text: as

text: our

text: beloved

text: sister

text: Church

text: This

text: description

text: was

text: unique

text: to

text: Paul

text: and

text: not

text: used

text: by

text: later

text: popes

question: What did the Cardinal Augustin Bea's Secretariat promote?

answer: Christian Unity

text: Christian Unity

question: What group condemned mixed faith marriages?

answer: Congregation of Faith

text: Congregation of Faith

question: To what type of non Catholic denomination was Paul VI considered to be a great ally of?

answer: Anglican

text: Anglican

question: Which church did Paul VI call "our beloved sister church"?

answer: Anglican Church

text: Anglican Church

question: Who described the Anglican church as "our beloved sister Church"?

answer: Paul VI

text: Paul VI


text: After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane Ike three years later.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: After

text: Hurricane

text: Katrina

text: in

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Rowland

text: founded

text: the

text: Survivor

text: Foundation

text: to

text: provide

text: transitional

text: housing

text: for

text: victims

text: in

text: the

text: Houston

text: area

text: to

text: which

text: Beyoncé

text: contributed

text: an

text: initial

text: The

text: foundation

text: has

text: since

text: expanded

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: other

text: charities

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: also

text: provided

text: relief

text: following

text: Hurricane

text: Ike

text: three

text: years

text: later

question: What national disaster caused Beyonce to create the Survivor Foundation?

answer: Hurricane Katrina

text: Hurricane Katrina

question: How much cash did Beyonce put into the venture, the Survivor Foundation at startup?

answer: 250,000

question: What hurricane years later after Katrina did the organization provide support for?

answer: Ike

text: Ike

question: What did Beyonce and Rowland found in 2005?

answer: the Survivor Foundation

text: the Survivor Foundation

question: How much did Beyonce initially contribute to the foundation?

answer: $250,000

question: How has this foundation changed in recent years?

answer: expanded to work with other charities

text: expanded to work with other charities

question: What foundation did Beyoncé start after Hurricane Katrina?

answer: Survivor Foundation

text: Survivor Foundation

question: How much money did Beyoncé contribute at the beginning of her Hurricane Katrina foundation?

answer: $250,000.

question: What other hurricane did Beyoncé's foundation help with?

answer: Hurricane Ike

text: Hurricane Ike


text: Alaska has few road connections compared to the rest of the U.S. The state's road system covers a relatively small area of the state, linking the central population centers and the Alaska Highway, the principal route out of the state through Canada. The state capital, Juneau, is not accessible by road, only a car ferry, which has spurred several debates over the decades about moving the capital to a city on the road system, or building a road connection from Haines. The western part of Alaska has no road system connecting the communities with the rest of Alaska.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Alaska

text: has

text: few

text: road

text: connections

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: road

text: system

text: covers

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: linking

text: the

text: central

text: population

text: centers

text: and

text: the

text: Alaska

text: Highway

text: the

text: principal

text: route

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: through

text: Canada

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: Juneau

text: is

text: not

text: accessible

text: by

text: road

text: only

text: a

text: car

text: ferry

text: which

text: has

text: spurred

text: several

text: debates

text: over

text: the

text: decades

text: about

text: moving

text: the

text: capital

text: to

text: a

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: system

text: or

text: building

text: a

text: road

text: connection

text: from

text: Haines

text: The

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: Alaska

text: has

text: no

text: road

text: system

text: connecting

text: the

text: communities

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Alaska

question: Why is there a debate about moving the capital of Alaska to another town?

answer: Juneau, is not accessible by road

text: Juneau, is not accessible by road

question: Which part of Alaska has no road system connecting it to other areas?

answer: western part

text: western part

question: Compared to the rest of the US, does Alaska has many or few road connections?

answer: few

text: few

question: Why is there a debate about not moving the capital of Alaska to another town?

text: Juneau, is not accessible by road

question: Which part of Alaska has a road system connecting it to other areas?

text: The western part

question: Which part of Alaska has a road system connecting it to all other areas?

text: The western part

question: Compared to the rest of the UN, does Alaska has many or few road connections?

text: few

question: Compared to none of the US, does Alaska has many or few road connections?

text: few


text: Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Compared

text: to

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: Namibia

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: degree

text: of

text: media

text: freedom

text: Over

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: the

text: country

text: usually

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: Press

text: Freedom

text: Index

text: of

text: Reporters

text: without

text: Borders

text: reaching

text: position

text: in

text: being

text: on

text: par

text: with

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: best

text: positioned

text: African

text: country

text: The

text: African

text: Media

text: Barometer

text: shows

text: similarly

text: positive

text: results.[citation

text: needed

text: However

text: as

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: there

text: is

text: still

text: mentionable

text: influence

text: of

text: representatives

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: economy

text: on

text: media

text: in

text: Namibia

text: In

text: Namibia

text: dropped

text: to

text: position

text: on

text: the

text: Press

text: Freedom

text: Index

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: In

text: it

text: ranked

question: Compared to neighbouring countries, what freedom does Namibia have?

answer: media

text: media

question: Namibia is on par with what country in terms of media and reporting?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2009?

answer: 36

question: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2013?

answer: 19th

question: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2014?

answer: 22nd

question: What was Namibia's position on the Press Freedom Index in 2012?

question: What was Namibia's Press Freedom Index in 2015?

question: What was Namibia's Press Freedom Index position in 2008?

question: In what year was the African Media Barometer founded?

question: When was Reporters Without Borders founded?


text: For example, in order to meet the expectations for good color rendering in retail applications, research suggests using the well-established CRI along with another metric called gamut area index (GAI). GAI represents the relative separation of object colors illuminated by a light source; the greater the GAI, the greater the apparent saturation or vividness of the object colors. As a result, light sources which balance both CRI and GAI are generally preferred over ones that have only high CRI or only high GAI.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: expectations

text: for

text: good

text: color

text: rendering

text: in

text: retail

text: applications

text: research

text: suggests

text: using

text: the

text: well

text: established

text: CRI

text: along

text: with

text: another

text: metric

text: called

text: gamut

text: area

text: index

text: GAI

text: GAI

text: represents

text: the

text: relative

text: separation

text: of

text: object

text: colors

text: illuminated

text: by

text: a

text: light

text: source

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: GAI

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: apparent

text: saturation

text: or

text: vividness

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: colors

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: light

text: sources

text: which

text: balance

text: both

text: CRI

text: and

text: GAI

text: are

text: generally

text: preferred

text: over

text: ones

text: that

text: have

text: only

text: high

text: CRI

text: or

text: only

text: high

text: GAI

question: What does GAI stand for?

answer: gamut area index

text: gamut area index

question: The relative separating of object colors illuminated by a light source is known as?

answer: GAI

text: GAI

question: Would a lower GAI mean higher apparent saturation or vividness of object colors?

answer: ano

text: ano


text: On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a new constitution following a referendum in which 98.1% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi the head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, who at this time was in control of the country, resigned from the military, announcing he would stand as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election. The poll, held between 26 and 28 May 2014, resulted in a landslide victory for el-Sisi. Sisi was sworn into office as President of Egypt on 8 June 2014. The Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups boycotted the vote. Even though the military-backed authorities extended voting to a third day, the 46% turnout was lower than the 52% turnout in the 2012 election.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: interim

text: government

text: instituted

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: following

text: a

text: referendum

text: in

text: which

text: of

text: voters

text: were

text: supportive

text: Participation

text: was

text: low

text: with

text: only

text: of

text: registered

text: voters

text: participating

text: although

text: this

text: was

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: who

text: voted

text: in

text: a

text: referendum

text: during

text: Morsi

text: 's

text: tenure

text: On

text: March

text: Abdel

text: Fattah

text: el

text: Sisi

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: who

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: was

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: resigned

text: from

text: the

text: military

text: announcing

text: he

text: would

text: stand

text: as

text: a

text: candidate

text: in

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: The

text: poll

text: held

text: between

text: and

text: May

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: landslide

text: victory

text: for

text: el

text: Sisi

text: Sisi

text: was

text: sworn

text: into

text: office

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: Egypt

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: and

text: some

text: liberal

text: and

text: secular

text: activist

text: groups

text: boycotted

text: the

text: vote

text: Even

text: though

text: the

text: military

text: backed

text: authorities

text: extended

text: voting

text: to

text: a

text: third

text: day

text: the

text: turnout

text: was

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: turnout

text: in

text: the

text: election

question: When was interim government instituted?

answer: 18 January 2014

text: 18 January 2014

question: What was the support by voters for referendum?

answer: 98.1%

question: Who was elected President in 2014?

answer: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

text: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

question: What group boycotted the elections?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups

text: Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups


text: In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha. The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the region's role as a trading crossroads. Following the establishment of sea routes by the European powers, the trans-Saharan trade routes lost significance.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: Songhai

text: gradually

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: Mali

text: Empire

text: and

text: expanded

text: ultimately

text: subsuming

text: the

text: entire

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Mali

text: Empire

text: The

text: Songhai

text: Empire

text: 's

text: eventual

text: collapse

text: was

text: largely

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: Moroccan

text: invasion

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Judar

text: Pasha

text: The

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Songhai

text: Empire

text: marked

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: trading

text: crossroads

text: Following

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: sea

text: routes

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: powers

text: the

text: trans

text: Saharan

text: trade

text: routes

text: lost

text: significance

question: The Sonhgai Empire's demise was due to what invasion?

answer: Moroccan invasion in 1591

text: Moroccan invasion in 1591

question: What major impact did the falling of the Songhai Empire have?

answer: Saharan trade routes lost significance.

text: Saharan trade routes lost significance.

question: What century did Songhai become independent from Mali?

answer: 14th century

text: 14th century

question: Who was the commander of the Moroccan invasion of 1591?

answer: Judar Pasha

text: Judar Pasha

question: What type of trading routes did Europeans make that compounded to the profound effect?

answer: establishment of sea routes

text: establishment of sea routes

question: Who gained independence in the 1400s?

text: the Songhai

question: What invasion caused the collapse of the Mali Empire?

text: Moroccan

question: Who invaded the Songhai Empire in the fifteenth century?

text: Judar Pasha

question: What marked the beginning of the region's role as a trading crossroads?

text: The fall of the Songhai Empire

question: What cause sea routes to lose significance?

text: the trans-Saharan trade routes


text: The strongest contribution of the French Academies to the public sphere comes from the concours académiques (roughly translated as 'academic contests') they sponsored throughout France. These academic contests were perhaps the most public of any institution during the Enlightenment. The practice of contests dated back to the Middle Ages, and was revived in the mid-17th century. The subject matter had previously been generally religious and/or monarchical, featuring essays, poetry, and painting. By roughly 1725, however, this subject matter had radically expanded and diversified, including "royal propaganda, philosophical battles, and critical ruminations on the social and political institutions of the Old Regime." Topics of public controversy were also discussed such as the theories of Newton and Descartes, the slave trade, women's education, and justice in France.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: strongest

text: contribution

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Academies

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: concours

text: académiques

text: roughly

text: translated

text: as

text: academic

text: contests

text: they

text: sponsored

text: throughout

text: France

text: These

text: academic

text: contests

text: were

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: public

text: of

text: any

text: institution

text: during

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: The

text: practice

text: of

text: contests

text: dated

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: was

text: revived

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: subject

text: matter

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: generally

text: religious

text: and/or

text: monarchical

text: featuring

text: essays

text: poetry

text: and

text: painting

text: By

text: roughly

text: however

text: this

text: subject

text: matter

text: had

text: radically

text: expanded

text: and

text: diversified

text: including

text: royal

text: propaganda

text: philosophical

text: battles

text: and

text: critical

text: ruminations

text: on

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Regime

text: Topics

text: of

text: public

text: controversy

text: were

text: also

text: discussed

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: theories

text: of

text: Newton

text: and

text: Descartes

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: women

text: 's

text: education

text: and

text: justice

text: in

text: France

question: The practice of contests dates back to what time period?

answer: Middle Ages

text: Middle Ages

question: Previous to 1725, what subject matter was focused on by the concours academiques?

answer: generally religious and/or monarchical

text: generally religious and/or monarchical

question: Which topics of public controversy became more widely discussed around 1725?

answer: theories of Newton and Descartes, the slave trade, women's education, and justice

text: theories of Newton and Descartes, the slave trade, women's education, and justice

question: Were the concours academiques public or private matters?

answer: public

text: public


text: Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. The Ilkhans and the Timurids soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Iranians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Iranian.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Following

text: the

text: fracture

text: of

text: the

text: Mongol

text: Empire

text: in

text: Hulagu

text: Khan

text: grandson

text: of

text: Genghis

text: Khan

text: established

text: the

text: Ilkhanate

text: in

text: Iran

text: In

text: yet

text: another

text: conqueror

text: Timur

text: followed

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: Hulagu

text: establishing

text: the

text: Timurid

text: Empire

text: which

text: lasted

text: for

text: another

text: years

text: In

text: Timur

text: ordered

text: the

text: complete

text: massacre

text: of

text: Isfahan

text: reportedly

text: killing

text: citizens

text: The

text: Ilkhans

text: and

text: the

text: Timurids

text: soon

text: came

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: ways

text: and

text: customs

text: of

text: the

text: Iranians

text: choosing

text: to

text: surround

text: themselves

text: with

text: a

text: culture

text: that

text: was

text: distinctively

text: Iranian

question: Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256?

answer: Hulagu Khan

text: Hulagu Khan

question: Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?

answer: 1370

question: How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran?

answer: 156 years

text: 156 years

question: How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387?

answer: 70,000 citizens

text: 70,000 citizens

question: The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran?

answer: a culture that was distinctively Iranian

text: a culture that was distinctively Iranian


text: By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523. Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsace. As a result, Alsace was transformed into a mosaic of Catholic and Protestant territories. On the other hand, Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) to the southwest of Alsace, belonging to the Counts of Württemberg since 1397, remained a Protestant enclave in France until 1793.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Strasbourg

text: was

text: a

text: prosperous

text: community

text: and

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: accepted

text: Protestantism

text: in

text: Martin

text: Bucer

text: was

text: a

text: prominent

text: Protestant

text: reformer

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: His

text: efforts

text: were

text: countered

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Habsburgs

text: who

text: tried

text: to

text: eradicate

text: heresy

text: in

text: Upper

text: Alsace

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Alsace

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: mosaic

text: of

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Protestant

text: territories

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Mömpelgard

text: Montbéliard

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: of

text: Alsace

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Counts

text: of

text: Württemberg

text: since

text: remained

text: a

text: Protestant

text: enclave

text: in

text: France

text: until

question: When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism?

answer: 1523

question: Who was known as a reformer in Strasbourg?

answer: Martin Bucer

text: Martin Bucer

question: What were the names given for the two groups that heavily dominated Alsace during this time?

answer: Catholic and Protestant

text: Catholic and Protestant

question: When was Martin Bucer born?

question: When did Strasbourg convert to Catholicism?

question: What is southwest of Mompelgard?

text: Alsace

question: What famous reformer was from Mompelgard?

text: Martin Bucer

question: What was Alsace's predominant religion?

text: Protestantism


text: Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June. Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Many

text: annual

text: events

text: celebrate

text: the

text: diverse

text: cultures

text: of

text: Houston

text: The

text: largest

text: and

text: longest

text: running

text: is

text: the

text: annual

text: Houston

text: Livestock

text: Show

text: and

text: Rodeo

text: held

text: over

text: days

text: from

text: early

text: to

text: late

text: March

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: annual

text: livestock

text: show

text: and

text: rodeo

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Another

text: large

text: celebration

text: is

text: the

text: annual

text: night

text: time

text: Houston

text: Pride

text: Parade

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: June

text: Other

text: annual

text: events

text: include

text: the

text: Houston

text: Greek

text: Festival

text: Art

text: Car

text: Parade

text: the

text: Houston

text: Auto

text: Show

text: the

text: Houston

text: International

text: Festival

text: and

text: the

text: Bayou

text: City

text: Art

text: Festival

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: art

text: festivals

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What is the largest annual event held in Houston?

answer: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

text: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

question: How long does the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo last?

answer: 20 days

text: 20 days

question: When is the annual Houston Pride Parade held?

answer: the end of June

text: the end of June

question: What is some other annual events held in Houston?

answer: Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival

text: Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival

question: What art festival held in Houston is one of the top 5 in the US?

answer: the Bayou City Art Festival

text: the Bayou City Art Festival

question: What event is the longest running in Houston?

answer: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

text: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

question: When is the Houston Livestock show and Rodeo held?

answer: March

text: March

question: When is the Houston Pride Parade held?

answer: end of June

text: end of June

question: What form of car parade is held in Houston?

answer: Art Car Parade

text: Art Car Parade

question: Where does the Bayou City Art Festival rank in U.S. art festivals?

answer: one of the top five

text: one of the top five

question: What is the largest annual event held in Texas?

text: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo

question: How long does the Texas Livestock Show and Rodeo last?

text: 20 days

question: When is the annual Texas Pride Parade held?

text: end of June

question: What is some other annual events held in Texas?

question: What art festival held in Houston is one of the top 3 in the US?

text: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo


text: At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year tourism is integral to the Alpine economy with much it coming from winter sports although summer visitors are an important component of the tourism industry.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: At

text: present

text: the

text: Alps

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: many

text: resorts

text: such

text: Oberstdorf

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: Saalbach

text: in

text: Austria

text: Davos

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: Chamonix

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Cortina

text: d'Ampezzo

text: in

text: Italy

text: recording

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: million

text: annual

text: visitors

text: With

text: over

text: million

text: visitors

text: a

text: year

text: tourism

text: is

text: integral

text: to

text: the

text: Alpine

text: economy

text: with

text: much

text: it

text: coming

text: from

text: winter

text: sports

text: although

text: summer

text: visitors

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: tourism

text: industry

question: What's one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world?

answer: the Alps

text: the Alps

question: Where is Saalbach located?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: How many people visit the Alps every year?

answer: over 120 million

text: over 120 million

question: What is an integral part of the Alpine economy?

answer: tourism

text: tourism


text: In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: In

text: October

text: TCM

text: announced

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: TCM

text: Wineclub

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: teamed

text: up

text: with

text: Laithwaite

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: mail

text: order

text: wines

text: from

text: famous

text: vineyards

text: such

text: as

text: famed

text: writer

text: director

text: producer

text: Francis

text: Ford

text: Coppola

text: 's

text: winery

text: Wines

text: are

text: available

text: in

text: month

text: subscriptions

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: selected

text: as

text: reds

text: whites

text: or

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: both

text: From

text: the

text: wines

text: chosen

text: TCM

text: also

text: includes

text: recommended

text: movies

text: to

text: watch

text: with

text: each

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: True

text: Grit

text: wine

text: to

text: be

text: paired

text: with

text: the

text: John

text: Wayne

text: film

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

question: What month and year saw the introduction of the TCM Wineclub?

answer: October 2015

text: October 2015

question: Who was TCM's partner in the TCM Wineclub?

answer: Laithwaite

text: Laithwaite

question: The winery of what notable director provided wines for TCM Wineclub?

answer: Francis Ford Coppola

text: Francis Ford Coppola

question: Who starred in True Grit?

answer: John Wayne

text: John Wayne

question: How long do TCM Wineclub subscriptions last?

answer: 3 month

text: 3 month

question: What month and year saw the introduction of True Grit?

text: October 2015

question: Who was TCM's partner in True Grit?

text: Laithwaite

question: The winery of what notable director provided wines for True Grit?

text: Francis Ford Coppola

question: Who starred in TCM Wineclub?

text: John Wayne

question: How long do True Grit subscriptions last?

text: 3 month


text: In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality, race can be a significant variable. As sociological factors, racial categories may in part reflect subjective attributions, self-identities, and social institutions.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: law

text: enforcement

text: uses

text: race

text: to

text: profile

text: suspects

text: This

text: use

text: of

text: racial

text: categories

text: is

text: frequently

text: criticized

text: for

text: perpetuating

text: an

text: outmoded

text: understanding

text: of

text: human

text: biological

text: variation

text: and

text: promoting

text: stereotypes

text: Because

text: in

text: some

text: societies

text: racial

text: groupings

text: correspond

text: closely

text: with

text: patterns

text: of

text: social

text: stratification

text: for

text: social

text: scientists

text: studying

text: social

text: inequality

text: race

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: significant

text: variable

text: As

text: sociological

text: factors

text: racial

text: categories

text: may

text: in

text: part

text: reflect

text: subjective

text: attributions

text: self

text: identities

text: and

text: social

text: institutions

question: What does law enforcement in some countries use to profile suspects?

answer: race

text: race

question: Why is using racial categorization for profiling often criticized?

answer: perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation

text: perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation

question: What promotes stereotypes?

answer: use of racial categories

text: use of racial categories

question: Who can race serve as a significant factor when studying social inequality?

answer: social scientists

text: social scientists

question: What may in part reflect subjective attributes, self-identities and social institutions?

answer: sociological factors

text: sociological factors


text: Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname "the Pilgrim Pope". With his travels he opened new avenues for the papacy, which were continued by his successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964, to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay, India and Bogotá, Colombia. In 1966, however, he was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. In 1967, however, fifty years after the first apparition, he visited Fátima in Portugal. He undertook a pastoral visit to Africa in 1969. On 27 November 1970 he was the target of an assassination attempt at Manila International Airport in the Philippines. He was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores, who was subdued by the pope's personal bodyguard and trip organizer, Msgr. Paul Marcinkus.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: pope

text: to

text: visit

text: six

text: continents

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: travelled

text: pope

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: that

text: time

text: earning

text: the

text: nickname

text: the

text: Pilgrim

text: Pope

text: With

text: his

text: travels

text: he

text: opened

text: new

text: avenues

text: for

text: the

text: papacy

text: which

text: were

text: continued

text: by

text: his

text: successors

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: and

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: He

text: travelled

text: to

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: Eucharistic

text: Congresses

text: in

text: Bombay

text: India

text: and

text: Bogotá

text: Colombia

text: In

text: however

text: he

text: was

text: twice

text: denied

text: permission

text: to

text: visit

text: Poland

text: for

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: baptism

text: of

text: Poland

text: In

text: however

text: fifty

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: apparition

text: he

text: visited

text: Fátima

text: in

text: Portugal

text: He

text: undertook

text: a

text: pastoral

text: visit

text: to

text: Africa

text: in

text: On

text: November

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: target

text: of

text: an

text: assassination

text: attempt

text: at

text: Manila

text: International

text: Airport

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: He

text: was

text: only

text: lightly

text: stabbed

text: by

text: the

text: would

text: be

text: assassin

text: Benjamín

text: Mendoza

text: y

text: Amor

text: Flores

text: who

text: was

text: subdued

text: by

text: the

text: pope

text: 's

text: personal

text: bodyguard

text: and

text: trip

text: organizer

text: Msgr

text: Paul

text: Marcinkus

question: How many continents did Paul Vi visit as pope?

answer: six

text: six

question: What was Paul Vi's nickname during his papacy?

answer: the Pilgrim Pope

text: the Pilgrim Pope

question: In what year did Paul VI journey to the Holy Land?

answer: 1964

question: In what country was an assignation attempt made on the life of Paul VI?

answer: Manila

text: Manila

question: Who organized Paul Vi's visit to Manila?

answer: Msgr. Paul Marcinkus

text: Msgr. Paul Marcinkus


text: In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional politicians. This era was "marked by strong partisan attachments, resilient patronage-based party organizations, and...high levels of party voting in Congress." Plainly, these were conditions conducive to the establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: In

text: brief

text: there

text: is

text: disagreement

text: among

text: historical

text: analysts

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: exact

text: time

text: period

text: when

text: the

text: minority

text: leadership

text: emerged

text: officially

text: as

text: a

text: party

text: position

text: Nonetheless

text: it

text: seems

text: safe

text: to

text: conclude

text: that

text: the

text: position

text: emerged

text: during

text: the

text: latter

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: strong

text: party

text: organization

text: and

text: professional

text: politicians

text: This

text: era

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: strong

text: partisan

text: attachments

text: resilient

text: patronage

text: based

text: party

text: organizations

text: and

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: party

text: voting

text: in

text: Congress

text: Plainly

text: these

text: were

text: conditions

text: conducive

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: more

text: highly

text: differentiated

text: House

text: leadership

text: structure

question: Is there a consensus about the time that minority leadership officially emerged as a position?

answer: there is disagreement among historical analysts

text: there is disagreement among historical analysts

question: What party characteristics emerged in the house in late 19th century?

answer: strong party organization and professional politicians

text: strong party organization and professional politicians

question: What were these conditions effective for in the house?

answer: establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure.

text: establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure.

question: What do some voters not always agree with?

text: a party position

question: When was House leadership structure first established?

text: the latter part of the 19th century

question: What does the publc not agree about when Congress was formed?

text: the exact time period

question: What did professional organizations help establish for society?

question: At what level was the public voting in the latter part of the 19th century?

text: high levels


text: The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO rocket. For example, the Russian Su-33 is only able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov with a minimal armament and fuel load. Another disadvantage is on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are also present such as a US Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault amphibious assault ship a ski jump is not included as this would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas, this flat deck limits the loading of Harriers but is somewhat mitigated by the longer rolling start provided by a long flight deck compared to many STOVL carriers.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: The

text: disadvantage

text: of

text: the

text: ski

text: jump

text: is

text: the

text: penalty

text: it

text: exacts

text: on

text: aircraft

text: size

text: payload

text: and

text: fuel

text: load

text: and

text: thus

text: range

text: heavily

text: laden

text: aircraft

text: can

text: not

text: launch

text: using

text: a

text: ski

text: jump

text: because

text: their

text: high

text: loaded

text: weight

text: requires

text: either

text: a

text: longer

text: takeoff

text: roll

text: than

text: is

text: possible

text: on

text: a

text: carrier

text: deck

text: or

text: assistance

text: from

text: a

text: catapult

text: or

text: JATO

text: rocket

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Russian

text: is

text: only

text: able

text: to

text: launch

text: from

text: the

text: carrier

text: Admiral

text: Kuznetsov

text: with

text: a

text: minimal

text: armament

text: and

text: fuel

text: load

text: Another

text: disadvantage

text: is

text: on

text: mixed

text: flight

text: deck

text: operations

text: where

text: helicopters

text: are

text: also

text: present

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: US

text: Landing

text: Helicopter

text: Dock

text: or

text: Landing

text: Helicopter

text: Assault

text: amphibious

text: assault

text: ship

text: a

text: ski

text: jump

text: is

text: not

text: included

text: as

text: this

text: would

text: eliminate

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: helicopter

text: landing

text: areas

text: this

text: flat

text: deck

text: limits

text: the

text: loading

text: of

text: Harriers

text: but

text: is

text: somewhat

text: mitigated

text: by

text: the

text: longer

text: rolling

text: start

text: provided

text: by

text: a

text: long

text: flight

text: deck

text: compared

text: to

text: many

text: STOVL

text: carriers

question: What is the disadvantage of the ski-jump?

answer: the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load

text: the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load

question: What cannot launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?

answer: heavily laden aircraft

text: heavily laden aircraft

question: What do heavily laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?

answer: a catapult or JATO rocket

text: a catapult or JATO rocket

question: Why is a ski-jump not included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?

answer: would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas

text: would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas

question: How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?

answer: with a minimal armament and fuel load

text: with a minimal armament and fuel load

question: What is the advantage of the ski-jump?

question: What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?

text: heavily laden aircraft

question: What do lightly laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?

text: a catapult or JATO rocket

question: Why is a ski-jump included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?

question: How is the Russian SU-33 unable to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?

text: with a minimal armament and fuel load


text: The Boston television DMA, which also includes Manchester, New Hampshire, is the 8th largest in the United States. The city is served by stations representing every major American network, including WBZ-TV and its sister station WSBK-TV (the former a CBS O&O, the latter an MyNetwork TV affiliate), WCVB-TV (ABC), WHDH (NBC), WFXT (Fox), and WLVI (The CW). The city is also home to PBS station WGBH-TV, a major producer of PBS programs, which also operates WGBX. Spanish-language television networks, including MundoFox (WFXZ-CD), Univision (WUNI), Telemundo (WNEU), and Telefutura (WUTF-DT), have a presence in the region, with WNEU and WUTF serving as network owned-and-operated stations. Most of the area's television stations have their transmitters in nearby Needham and Newton along the Route 128 corridor. Six Boston television stations are carried by Canadian satellite television provider Bell TV and by cable television providers in Canada.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: The

text: Boston

text: television

text: DMA

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Manchester

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: stations

text: representing

text: every

text: major

text: American

text: network

text: including

text: WBZ

text: TV

text: and

text: its

text: sister

text: station

text: WSBK

text: TV

text: the

text: former

text: a

text: CBS

text: O&O

text: the

text: latter

text: an

text: MyNetwork

text: TV

text: affiliate

text: WCVB

text: TV

text: ABC

text: WHDH

text: NBC

text: WFXT

text: Fox

text: and

text: WLVI

text: The

text: CW

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: PBS

text: station

text: WGBH

text: TV

text: a

text: major

text: producer

text: of

text: PBS

text: programs

text: which

text: also

text: operates

text: WGBX

text: Spanish

text: language

text: television

text: networks

text: including

text: MundoFox

text: WFXZ

text: CD

text: Univision

text: WUNI

text: Telemundo

text: WNEU

text: and

text: Telefutura

text: WUTF

text: DT

text: have

text: a

text: presence

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: with

text: WNEU

text: and

text: WUTF

text: serving

text: as

text: network

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: stations

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: television

text: stations

text: have

text: their

text: transmitters

text: in

text: nearby

text: Needham

text: and

text: Newton

text: along

text: the

text: Route

text: corridor

text: Six

text: Boston

text: television

text: stations

text: are

text: carried

text: by

text: Canadian

text: satellite

text: television

text: provider

text: Bell

text: TV

text: and

text: by

text: cable

text: television

text: providers

text: in

text: Canada

question: What ranking does the Boston television DMA hold?

answer: 8th largest in the United States

text: 8th largest in the United States

question: What is the sister station to WBZ-TV?

answer: WSBK-TV

text: WSBK-TV

question: What is the citys PBS station?

answer: WGBH-TV

text: WGBH-TV

question: MundoFox is an example of what?

answer: Spanish-language television networks

text: Spanish-language television networks

question: Where are most of the television stations transmitters located?

answer: Needham and Newton

text: Needham and Newton


text: Larger SAMs may be deployed in fixed launchers, but can be towed/re-deployed at will. The SAMs launched by individuals are known in the United States as the Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS). MANPADS of the former Soviet Union have been exported around the World, and can be found in use by many armed forces. Targets for non-ManPAD SAMs will usually be acquired by air-search radar, then tracked before/while a SAM is "locked-on" and then fired. Potential targets, if they are military aircraft, will be identified as friend or foe before being engaged. The developments in the latest and relatively cheap short-range missiles have begun to replace autocannons in this role.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Larger

text: SAMs

text: may

text: be

text: deployed

text: in

text: fixed

text: launchers

text: but

text: can

text: be

text: towed

text: re

text: deployed

text: at

text: will

text: The

text: SAMs

text: launched

text: by

text: individuals

text: are

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: the

text: Man

text: Portable

text: Air

text: Defence

text: Systems

text: MANPADS

text: MANPADS

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: have

text: been

text: exported

text: around

text: the

text: World

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: use

text: by

text: many

text: armed

text: forces

text: Targets

text: for

text: non

text: ManPAD

text: SAMs

text: will

text: usually

text: be

text: acquired

text: by

text: air

text: search

text: radar

text: then

text: tracked

text: before

text: while

text: a

text: SAM

text: is

text: locked

text: on

text: and

text: then

text: fired

text: Potential

text: targets

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: military

text: aircraft

text: will

text: be

text: identified

text: as

text: friend

text: or

text: foe

text: before

text: being

text: engaged

text: The

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: latest

text: and

text: relatively

text: cheap

text: short

text: range

text: missiles

text: have

text: begun

text: to

text: replace

text: autocannons

text: in

text: this

text: role

question: What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will?

answer: Larger SAMs

text: Larger SAMs

question: What are the SAMs called that are launched by individuals in the US?

answer: MANPADS

text: MANPADS

question: What does MANPADS mean?

answer: Man-Portable Air Defence Systems

text: Man-Portable Air Defence Systems

question: How are targets aquired for non-ManPAD SAMs?

answer: air-search radar

text: air-search radar

question: Short range missiles are replacing what weapons?

answer: autocannons

text: autocannons