text: The question to be answered is whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized. If harm cannot be avoided, the project agency can seek an exemption from the Endangered Species Committee, an ad hoc panel composed of members from the executive branch and at least one appointee from the state where the project is to occur. Five of the seven committee members must vote for the exemption to allow taking (to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or significant habitat modification, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct) of listed species.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: The

text: question

text: to

text: be

text: answered

text: is

text: whether

text: a

text: listed

text: species

text: will

text: be

text: harmed

text: by

text: the

text: action

text: and

text: if

text: so

text: how

text: the

text: harm

text: can

text: be

text: minimized

text: If

text: harm

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: avoided

text: the

text: project

text: agency

text: can

text: seek

text: an

text: exemption

text: from

text: the

text: Endangered

text: Species

text: Committee

text: an

text: ad

text: hoc

text: panel

text: composed

text: of

text: members

text: from

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: appointee

text: from

text: the

text: state

text: where

text: the

text: project

text: is

text: to

text: occur

text: Five

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: committee

text: members

text: must

text: vote

text: for

text: the

text: exemption

text: to

text: allow

text: taking

text: to

text: harass

text: harm

text: pursue

text: hunt

text: shoot

text: wound

text: kill

text: trap

text: capture

text: or

text: collect

text: or

text: significant

text: habitat

text: modification

text: or

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: any

text: such

text: conduct

text: of

text: listed

text: species

question: What is the primary consideration for determining if projects may be carried out in areas with endangered species?

answer: whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized

text: whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized

question: If a species may be harmed, who holds final say on whether the project may proceed?

answer: the Endangered Species Committee

text: the Endangered Species Committee

question: How many members are on the ad hoc panel that allows project exemptions for cases where a species may harmed?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How many votes must be in favor of the exemption in order to award the exemption?

answer: Five

text: Five

question: What is one specific requirement regarding the make-up of the exmeption panel?

answer: at least one appointee from the state where the project is to occur

text: at least one appointee from the state where the project is to occur

question: Who does the Endangered Species Committee get an exemption from?

text: project agency

question: How many members must vote against the exemption?

text: Five

question: How many members must a project agency have?

text: seven

question: What do project agencies vote on?

text: the exemption

question: What happens if the harm can be minimized?


text: In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. These two transactions are similar, i.e. bonds are used as collaterals for loans, the difference being of legal nature. In the repos the ownership of the collateral changes to the ECB until the loan is repaid.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: Fed

text: the

text: ECB

text: normally

text: does

text: not

text: buy

text: bonds

text: outright

text: The

text: normal

text: procedure

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: ECB

text: for

text: manipulating

text: the

text: money

text: supply

text: has

text: been

text: via

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: refinancing

text: facilities

text: In

text: these

text: facilities

text: bonds

text: are

text: not

text: purchased

text: but

text: used

text: in

text: reverse

text: transactions

text: repurchase

text: agreements

text: or

text: collateralised

text: loans

text: These

text: two

text: transactions

text: are

text: similar

text: i.e.

text: bonds

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: collaterals

text: for

text: loans

text: the

text: difference

text: being

text: of

text: legal

text: nature

text: In

text: the

text: repos

text: the

text: ownership

text: of

text: the

text: collateral

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: ECB

text: until

text: the

text: loan

text: is

text: repaid

question: Who retains ownership of the collateral until the debt is paid?

answer: ECB

text: ECB

question: Since the ECB doesn't buy bonds outright, how are they used?

answer: refinancing facilities

text: refinancing facilities

question: What is the manner in which bonds are used at refinancing facilities?

answer: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans

text: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans

question: Who buys the bonds instead of using them in reverse transactions?

answer: the Fed

text: the Fed

question: Who loses ownership of the collateral until the debt is paid?

text: ECB

question: What is the manner in which bonds are lost at refinancing facilities?

question: Who steals the bonds instead of using them in reverse transactions?

text: the Fed

question: Who always buys bonds outright?

text: the ECB


text: On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was made possible because of the Turkish Brigade's successful, but very costly, rear-guard delaying action near Kunuri that slowed the PVA attack for two days (27–29 November). On 27 November at the Korean eastern front, a U.S. 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team (3,000 soldiers) and the U.S. 1st Marine Division (12,000–15,000 marines) were unprepared for the PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, but they managed to escape under Air Force and X Corps support fire—albeit with some 15,000 collective casualties.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: November

text: at

text: the

text: Korean

text: western

text: front

text: the

text: PVA

text: Army

text: Group

text: attacked

text: and

text: overran

text: the

text: ROK

text: II

text: Corps

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Ch'ongch'on

text: River

text: and

text: then

text: decimated

text: the

text: US

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: on

text: the

text: UN

text: forces

text: right

text: flank

text: The

text: UN

text: Command

text: retreated

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Eighth

text: Army

text: 's

text: retreat

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: US

text: Army

text: history

text: was

text: made

text: possible

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Brigade

text: 's

text: successful

text: but

text: very

text: costly

text: rear

text: guard

text: delaying

text: action

text: near

text: Kunuri

text: that

text: slowed

text: the

text: PVA

text: attack

text: for

text: two

text: days

text: November

text: On

text: November

text: at

text: the

text: Korean

text: eastern

text: front

text: a

text: U.S.

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: Regimental

text: Combat

text: Team

text: soldiers

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Marine

text: Division

text: marines

text: were

text: unprepared

text: for

text: the

text: PVA

text: Army

text: Group

text: 's

text: three

text: pronged

text: encirclement

text: tactics

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Chosin

text: Reservoir

text: but

text: they

text: managed

text: to

text: escape

text: under

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: X

text: Corps

text: support

text: fire

text: albeit

text: with

text: some

text: collective

text: casualties

question: Whose retreat during the Korean war was the longest in the history of the US Army?

answer: U.S. Eighth Army's

text: U.S. Eighth Army's

question: Whose actions helped the Eighth Army be able to retreat?

answer: Turkish Brigade

text: Turkish Brigade

question: How many casualties did the 1st Marines face at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir?

answer: 12,000–15,000

question: What tactics of the PVA were US and ROK troops not prepared to handle?

answer: PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics

text: PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics


text: Easter was the Sunday after the 15th day of this moon, whose 14th day was allowed to precede the equinox. Where the two systems produced different dates there was generally a compromise so that both churches were able to celebrate on the same day. By the 10th century all churches (except some on the eastern border of the Byzantine Empire) had adopted the Alexandrian Easter, which still placed the vernal equinox on 21 March, although Bede had already noted its drift in 725—it had drifted even further by the 16th century.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: Easter

text: was

text: the

text: Sunday

text: after

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: this

text: moon

text: whose

text: day

text: was

text: allowed

text: to

text: precede

text: the

text: equinox

text: Where

text: the

text: two

text: systems

text: produced

text: different

text: dates

text: there

text: was

text: generally

text: a

text: compromise

text: so

text: that

text: both

text: churches

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: celebrate

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: all

text: churches

text: except

text: some

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: had

text: adopted

text: the

text: Alexandrian

text: Easter

text: which

text: still

text: placed

text: the

text: vernal

text: equinox

text: on

text: March

text: although

text: Bede

text: had

text: already

text: noted

text: its

text: drift

text: in

text: had

text: drifted

text: even

text: further

text: by

text: the

text: century

question: When was Easter Sunday celebrated after the equinox?

answer: 15th day

text: 15th day

question: What did churches do to settle the date if there was a difference?

answer: compromise

text: compromise

question: By what century had almost all churches begun celebrating Easter according to the Alexandrian Easter?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

question: On what border of the Byzantine Empire were the last holdouts for celebrating according the  Alexandrian Easter?

answer: eastern border

text: eastern border

question: What date placement drifted increasingly off the true date on the calendar?

answer: vernal equinox

text: vernal equinox

question: What was celebrated on the fifteenth day after the equinox?

text: Easter

question: In what century did all the churches adopt the Alexandrian Easter?

text: the 10th century

question: Who noticed the equinox drift in the seventh century?

text: Bede

question: What did the Alexandrian Easter place on 25 March?

text: the vernal equinox


text: After agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol the government then initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms, including elections, a new legal code, and abolition of the examination system. Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries competed with reformers such as Liang Qichao and monarchists such as Kang Youwei to transform the Qing empire into a modern nation. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor in 1908, the hardline Manchu court alienated reformers and local elites alike. Local uprisings starting on October 11, 1911 led to the Xinhai Revolution. Puyi, the last emperor, abdicated on February 12, 1912.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: After

text: agreeing

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: Boxer

text: Protocol

text: the

text: government

text: then

text: initiated

text: unprecedented

text: fiscal

text: and

text: administrative

text: reforms

text: including

text: elections

text: a

text: new

text: legal

text: code

text: and

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: examination

text: system

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: and

text: other

text: revolutionaries

text: competed

text: with

text: reformers

text: such

text: as

text: Liang

text: Qichao

text: and

text: monarchists

text: such

text: as

text: Kang

text: Youwei

text: to

text: transform

text: the

text: Qing

text: empire

text: into

text: a

text: modern

text: nation

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Cixi

text: and

text: the

text: Guangxu

text: Emperor

text: in

text: the

text: hardline

text: Manchu

text: court

text: alienated

text: reformers

text: and

text: local

text: elites

text: alike

text: Local

text: uprisings

text: starting

text: on

text: October

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Xinhai

text: Revolution

text: Puyi

text: the

text: last

text: emperor

text: abdicated

text: on

text: February

question: What started on October 11, 1911?

answer: Xinhai Revolution

text: Xinhai Revolution

question: Who was the last Qing emperor?

answer: Puyi

text: Puyi

question: When did he step down?

answer: February 12, 1912

text: February 12, 1912


text: The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most important works in the field of social science—The Poverty of Historicism (1944) and The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945)—were inspired by his reflection on the events of his time and represented, in a sense, a reaction to the prevalent totalitarian ideologies that then dominated Central European politics. His books defended democratic liberalism as a social and political philosophy. They also represented extensive critiques of the philosophical presuppositions underpinning all forms of totalitarianism.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: The

text: failure

text: of

text: democratic

text: parties

text: to

text: prevent

text: fascism

text: from

text: taking

text: over

text: Austrian

text: politics

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: traumatised

text: Popper

text: He

text: suffered

text: from

text: the

text: direct

text: consequences

text: of

text: this

text: failure

text: since

text: events

text: after

text: the

text: Anschluss

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Austria

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: in

text: forced

text: him

text: into

text: permanent

text: exile

text: His

text: most

text: important

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: social

text: science

text: The

text: Poverty

text: of

text: Historicism

text: and

text: The

text: Open

text: Society

text: and

text: Its

text: Enemies

text: inspired

text: by

text: his

text: reflection

text: on

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: and

text: represented

text: in

text: a

text: sense

text: a

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: prevalent

text: totalitarian

text: ideologies

text: that

text: then

text: dominated

text: Central

text: European

text: politics

text: His

text: books

text: defended

text: democratic

text: liberalism

text: as

text: a

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: philosophy

text: They

text: also

text: represented

text: extensive

text: critiques

text: of

text: the

text: philosophical

text: presuppositions

text: underpinning

text: all

text: forms

text: of

text: totalitarianism

question: What political ideology dominated Austrian politics in the decades before the second world war?

answer: fascism

text: fascism

question: What key event in 1938 pushed Popper into exile from Austria?

answer: the Anschluss

text: the Anschluss

question: What political ideology do Popper's major works defend?

answer: democratic liberalism

text: democratic liberalism

question: What form of political organization do Popper's works mainly critique?

answer: totalitarianism

text: totalitarianism

question: What was the Anschluss?

answer: the annexation of Austria by the German Reich

text: the annexation of Austria by the German Reich

question: What prevented fascism from taking over Austrian politics?

text: democratic parties

question: In what years was fascism prevented from taking over?

text: 1920s and 1930s

question: What forced Popper to come out of exile?

text: events after the Anschluss

question: What was one of Popper's least important works?

text: The Poverty of Historicism

question: Whose books critiqued democratic liberalism as a social and political philosophy?

text: Popper


text: Following World War II, Aung San negotiated the Panglong Agreement with ethnic leaders that guaranteed the independence of Myanmar as a unified state. Aung Zan Wai, Pe Khin, Bo Hmu Aung, Sir Maung Gyi, Dr. Sein Mya Maung, Myoma U Than Kywe were among the negotiators of the historical Panglong Conference negotiated with Bamar leader General Aung San and other ethnic leaders in 1947. In 1947, Aung San became Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Myanmar, a transitional government. But in July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San and several cabinet members.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Aung

text: San

text: negotiated

text: the

text: Panglong

text: Agreement

text: with

text: ethnic

text: leaders

text: that

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: as

text: a

text: unified

text: state

text: Aung

text: Zan

text: Wai

text: Pe

text: Khin

text: Bo

text: Hmu

text: Aung

text: Sir

text: Maung

text: Gyi

text: Dr.

text: Sein

text: Mya

text: Maung

text: Myoma

text: U

text: Than

text: Kywe

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: negotiators

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: Panglong

text: Conference

text: negotiated

text: with

text: Bamar

text: leader

text: General

text: Aung

text: San

text: and

text: other

text: ethnic

text: leaders

text: in

text: In

text: Aung

text: San

text: became

text: Deputy

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Executive

text: Council

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: a

text: transitional

text: government

text: But

text: in

text: July

text: political

text: rivals

text: assassinated

text: Aung

text: San

text: and

text: several

text: cabinet

text: members

question: Who negotiated the agreement that Burma would be free from forgien rule ?

answer: Aung San

text: Aung San

question: What is the name of the agreement that guarantee Burma's freedom from foreign rule ?

answer: the Panglong Agreement

text: the Panglong Agreement

question: What leaders were present during the negotiations made for freedom of the Burmese people?

answer: Aung Zan Wai, Pe Khin, Bo Hmu Aung, Sir Maung Gyi, Dr. Sein Mya Maung, Myoma U Than Kywe

text: Aung Zan Wai, Pe Khin, Bo Hmu Aung, Sir Maung Gyi, Dr. Sein Mya Maung, Myoma U Than Kywe

question: What position did Aung San hold in the Burmese government?

answer: Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Myanmar

text: Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Myanmar

question: When did and how did Aung San pass away ?

answer: July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San

text: July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San


text: A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: A

text: famous

text: example

text: of

text: Spielberg

text: working

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: professionals

text: is

text: his

text: long

text: time

text: collaboration

text: with

text: John

text: Williams

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: his

text: musical

text: scores

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: since

text: The

text: Sugarland

text: Express

text: except

text: Bridge

text: of

text: Spies

text: The

text: Color

text: Purple

text: and

text: Twilight

text: Zone

text: The

text: Movie

text: One

text: of

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: trademarks

text: is

text: his

text: use

text: of

text: music

text: by

text: Williams

text: to

text: add

text: to

text: the

text: visual

text: impact

text: of

text: his

text: scenes

text: and

text: to

text: try

text: and

text: create

text: a

text: lasting

text: picture

text: and

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: in

text: the

text: memories

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: audience

text: These

text: visual

text: scenes

text: often

text: uses

text: images

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: e.g.

text: Empire

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: Saving

text: Private

text: Ryan

text: the

text: final

text: scene

text: of

text: Jurassic

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: credits

text: of

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Last

text: Crusade

text: where

text: they

text: ride

text: into

text: the

text: sunset

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: feature

text: a

text: Williams

text: score

text: at

text: that

text: end

text: scene

text: Spielberg

text: is

text: a

text: contemporary

text: of

text: filmmakers

text: George

text: Lucas

text: Francis

text: Ford

text: Coppola

text: Martin

text: Scorsese

text: John

text: Milius

text: and

text: Brian

text: De

text: Palma

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Movie

text: Brats

text: Aside

text: from

text: his

text: principal

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: director

text: Spielberg

text: has

text: acted

text: as

text: a

text: producer

text: for

text: a

text: considerable

text: number

text: of

text: films

text: including

text: early

text: hits

text: for

text: Joe

text: Dante

text: and

text: Robert

text: Zemeckis

text: Spielberg

text: has

text: often

text: never

text: worked

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: screenwriter

text: in

text: his

text: films

text: beside

text: Tony

text: Kushner

text: and

text: David

text: Koepp

text: who

text: have

text: written

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: more

text: than

text: once

question: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams?

answer: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie

text: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie

question: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'?

answer: they ride into the sunset

text: they ride into the sunset

question: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg?

answer: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma

text: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma

question: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?

answer: Tony Kushner and David Koepp

text: Tony Kushner and David Koepp

question: What was the first movie John Williams ever scored?

text: The Sugarland Express

question: Who scored The Color Purple?

text: John Williams

question: Who wrote Bridge of Spies?

text: Tony Kushner

question: Who wrote Twilight Zone: The Movie?

text: David Koepp

question: Who wrote Saving Private Ryan?

text: David Koepp


text: As a result of the three Carnatic Wars, the British East India Company gained exclusive control over the entire Carnatic region of India. The Company soon expanded its territories around its bases in Bombay and Madras; the Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–1799) and later the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) led to control of the vast regions of India. Ahom Kingdom of North-east India first fell to Burmese invasion and then to British after Treaty of Yandabo in 1826. Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Kashmir were annexed after the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849; however, Kashmir was immediately sold under the Treaty of Amritsar to the Dogra Dynasty of Jammu and thereby became a princely state. The border dispute between Nepal and British India, which sharpened after 1801, had caused the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16 and brought the defeated Gurkhas under British influence. In 1854, Berar was annexed, and the state of Oudh was added two years later.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Carnatic

text: Wars

text: the

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: gained

text: exclusive

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: entire

text: Carnatic

text: region

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: Company

text: soon

text: expanded

text: its

text: territories

text: around

text: its

text: bases

text: in

text: Bombay

text: and

text: Madras

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Mysore

text: Wars

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Maratha

text: Wars

text: led

text: to

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: vast

text: regions

text: of

text: India

text: Ahom

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: North

text: east

text: India

text: first

text: fell

text: to

text: Burmese

text: invasion

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: British

text: after

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Yandabo

text: in

text: Punjab

text: North

text: West

text: Frontier

text: Province

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: were

text: annexed

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: Anglo

text: Sikh

text: War

text: in

text: however

text: Kashmir

text: was

text: immediately

text: sold

text: under

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Amritsar

text: to

text: the

text: Dogra

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: Jammu

text: and

text: thereby

text: became

text: a

text: princely

text: state

text: The

text: border

text: dispute

text: between

text: Nepal

text: and

text: British

text: India

text: which

text: sharpened

text: after

text: had

text: caused

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Nepalese

text: War

text: of

text: and

text: brought

text: the

text: defeated

text: Gurkhas

text: under

text: British

text: influence

text: In

text: Berar

text: was

text: annexed

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Oudh

text: was

text: added

text: two

text: years

text: later

question: What whole region did the East India company get control over after the Carnatic Wars?

answer: Carnatic

text: Carnatic

question: During what time were the Anglo-Mysore Wars?

answer: 1766–1799

question: When were the Anglo-Maratha Wars fought?

answer: 1772–1818

question: To what dynasty was Kashmir sold in 1849?

answer: Dogra Dynasty of Jammu

text: Dogra Dynasty of Jammu

question: After the sale of Kashmir, what did the area become?

answer: princely state

text: princely state


text: Since the democratic transition began in 2011, there has been continuous violence as 280 people have been killed and 140,000 forced to flee from their homes in the Rakhine state. A UN envoy reported in March 2013 that unrest had re-emerged between Myanmar's Buddhist and Muslim communities, with violence spreading to towns that are located closer to Yangon. The BBC News media outlet obtained video footage of a man with severe burns who received no assistance from passers-by or police officers even though he was lying on the ground in a public area. The footage was filmed by members of the Burmese police force in the town of Meiktila and was used as evidence that Buddhists continued to kill Muslims after the European Union sanctions were lifted on 23 April 2013.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Since

text: the

text: democratic

text: transition

text: began

text: in

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: continuous

text: violence

text: as

text: people

text: have

text: been

text: killed

text: and

text: forced

text: to

text: flee

text: from

text: their

text: homes

text: in

text: the

text: Rakhine

text: state

text: A

text: UN

text: envoy

text: reported

text: in

text: March

text: that

text: unrest

text: had

text: re

text: emerged

text: between

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: Buddhist

text: and

text: Muslim

text: communities

text: with

text: violence

text: spreading

text: to

text: towns

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: closer

text: to

text: Yangon

text: The

text: BBC

text: News

text: media

text: outlet

text: obtained

text: video

text: footage

text: of

text: a

text: man

text: with

text: severe

text: burns

text: who

text: received

text: no

text: assistance

text: from

text: passers

text: by

text: or

text: police

text: officers

text: even

text: though

text: he

text: was

text: lying

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: in

text: a

text: public

text: area

text: The

text: footage

text: was

text: filmed

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Burmese

text: police

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Meiktila

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: evidence

text: that

text: Buddhists

text: continued

text: to

text: kill

text: Muslims

text: after

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: sanctions

text: were

text: lifted

text: on

text: April

question: Has the violence in Burma decreased over the years as the country has tried made democratic strides ?

answer: Since the democratic transition began in 2011, there has been continuous violence as 280 people have been killed and 140,000 forced to flee

text: Since the democratic transition began in 2011, there has been continuous violence as 280 people have been killed and 140,000 forced to flee

question: Are the separate religious factions in Burma able to peacefully coexist ?

answer: unrest had re-emerged between Myanmar's Buddhist and Muslim communities, with violence

text: unrest had re-emerged between Myanmar's Buddhist and Muslim communities, with violence

question: What news company  discovered visual evidence of the disdain exhibited by civil employees and civilians in Burma ?

answer: BBC News media outlet obtained video footage of a man with severe burns who received no assistance from passers-by or police officers

text: BBC News media outlet obtained video footage of a man with severe burns who received no assistance from passers-by or police officers

question: Who recorded the visual evidence on the disdainful incident?

answer: footage was filmed by members of the Burmese police force in the town of Meiktila

text: footage was filmed by members of the Burmese police force in the town of Meiktila

question: Who was the videotape used as evidence against in Burma ?

answer: used as evidence that Buddhists continued to kill Muslims after the European Union sanctions were lifted on 23 April 2013.

text: used as evidence that Buddhists continued to kill Muslims after the European Union sanctions were lifted on 23 April 2013.


text: Logan Airport, located in East Boston and operated by the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), is Boston's principal airport. Nearby general aviation airports are Beverly Municipal Airport to the north, Hanscom Field to the west, and Norwood Memorial Airport to the south. Massport also operates several major facilities within the Port of Boston, including a cruise ship terminal and facilities to handle bulk and container cargo in South Boston, and other facilities in Charlestown and East Boston.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Logan

text: Airport

text: located

text: in

text: East

text: Boston

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Massachusetts

text: Port

text: Authority

text: Massport

text: is

text: Boston

text: 's

text: principal

text: airport

text: Nearby

text: general

text: aviation

text: airports

text: are

text: Beverly

text: Municipal

text: Airport

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Hanscom

text: Field

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Norwood

text: Memorial

text: Airport

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Massport

text: also

text: operates

text: several

text: major

text: facilities

text: within

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Boston

text: including

text: a

text: cruise

text: ship

text: terminal

text: and

text: facilities

text: to

text: handle

text: bulk

text: and

text: container

text: cargo

text: in

text: South

text: Boston

text: and

text: other

text: facilities

text: in

text: Charlestown

text: and

text: East

text: Boston

question: What Airport is located in East Boston?

answer: Logan Airport

text: Logan Airport

question: Who operates Logan Airport?

answer: Massport

text: Massport

question: What is the name of Bostons main airport?

answer: Logan Airport

text: Logan Airport

question: What airport is North of Logan Airport?

answer: Beverly Municipal Airport

text: Beverly Municipal Airport

question: What airport is south of Logan Airport?

answer: Norwood Memorial Airport

text: Norwood Memorial Airport


text: Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. PC's Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: traces

text: its

text: origins

text: to

text: when

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: created

text: Dell

text: Computer

text: Corporation

text: which

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: did

text: business

text: as

text: PC

text: 's

text: Limited

text: while

text: a

text: student

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Texas

text: at

text: Austin

text: The

text: dorm

text: room

text: headquartered

text: company

text: sold

text: IBM

text: PC

text: compatible

text: computers

text: built

text: from

text: stock

text: components

text: Dell

text: dropped

text: out

text: of

text: school

text: to

text: focus

text: full

text: time

text: on

text: his

text: fledgling

text: business

text: after

text: getting

text: in

text: expansion

text: capital

text: from

text: his

text: family

text: In

text: the

text: company

text: produced

text: the

text: first

text: computer

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: design

text: the

text: Turbo

text: PC

text: which

text: sold

text: for

text: PC

text: 's

text: Limited

text: advertised

text: its

text: systems

text: in

text: national

text: computer

text: magazines

text: for

text: sale

text: directly

text: to

text: consumers

text: and

text: custom

text: assembled

text: each

text: ordered

text: unit

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: selection

text: of

text: options

text: The

text: company

text: grossed

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: operation

question: When did Michael Dell found his company?

answer: 1984

question: How much did Dell receive as capital from his family?

answer: $1,000

question: What school did Dell go to and later drop out of while he ran his business?

answer: University of Texas at Austin

text: University of Texas at Austin

question: What year did Dell design its own computer?

answer: 1985

question: How much did Dell profit in its first year?

answer: $73 million

text: $73 million

question: When did Michael Dell end his company?

question: How much didn't Dell receive as capital from his family?

question: What school didn't Dell go to and later drop out of while he ran his business?

text: University of Texas at Austin

question: What year didn't Dell design its own computer?

question: How much did Dell lose in its first year?

text: $73 million


text: World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation." Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war. The U.S. emerged as one of the two undisputed superpowers along with the Soviet Union, and unlike the Soviet Union, the U.S. homeland was virtually untouched by the ravages of war. During and following World War II, the United States and Britain developed an increasingly strong defense and intelligence relationship. Manifestations of this include extensive basing of U.S. forces in the UK, shared intelligence, shared military technology (e.g. nuclear technology), and shared procurement.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: holds

text: a

text: special

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: psyche

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: greatest

text: triumph

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: personnel

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: are

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Generation

text: Over

text: million

text: served

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: over

text: died

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: U.S.

text: emerged

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: undisputed

text: superpowers

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: U.S.

text: homeland

text: was

text: virtually

text: untouched

text: by

text: the

text: ravages

text: of

text: war

text: During

text: and

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Britain

text: developed

text: an

text: increasingly

text: strong

text: defense

text: and

text: intelligence

text: relationship

text: Manifestations

text: of

text: this

text: include

text: extensive

text: basing

text: of

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: shared

text: intelligence

text: shared

text: military

text: technology

text: e.g.

text: nuclear

text: technology

text: and

text: shared

text: procurement

question: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?

answer: Over 16 million

text: Over 16 million

question: How many American service personnel died in World War II?

answer: 400,000

question: What other country besides the United States became a super power after World War II?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War II?

answer: the Greatest Generation

text: the Greatest Generation

question: Both during and after the conclusion of  World War II, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: How many Americans served in the military in World War I?

text: 16 million

question: How many American service personnel died in World War I?

question: What other country besides the UK became a super power after World War II?

text: Soviet Union

question: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War I?

text: the Greatest Generation

question: Both during and after the conclusion of World War I, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?

text: Britain


text: In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: In

text: parliamentary

text: systems

text: fashioned

text: after

text: the

text: Westminster

text: system

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: presiding

text: and

text: actual

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: In

text: such

text: systems

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: or

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: 's

text: official

text: representative

text: i.e.

text: the

text: monarch

text: president

text: or

text: governor

text: general

text: usually

text: holds

text: a

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: position

text: although

text: often

text: with

text: reserve

text: powers

question: What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?

answer: Westminster system

text: Westminster system

question: What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?

answer: ceremonial

text: ceremonial

question: In wich parlimentry system is the monarch the head of state?

text: Westminster system

question: In what system does the prime minister have reserve powers?

text: Westminster system


text: The abomasum is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It is a close equivalent of a monogastric stomach (e.g., those in humans or pigs), and digesta is processed here in much the same way. It serves primarily as a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: The

text: abomasum

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: and

text: final

text: stomach

text: compartment

text: in

text: ruminants

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: close

text: equivalent

text: of

text: a

text: monogastric

text: stomach

text: e.g.

text: those

text: in

text: humans

text: or

text: pigs

text: and

text: digesta

text: is

text: processed

text: here

text: in

text: much

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: It

text: serves

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: site

text: for

text: acid

text: hydrolysis

text: of

text: microbial

text: and

text: dietary

text: protein

text: preparing

text: these

text: protein

text: sources

text: for

text: further

text: digestion

text: and

text: absorption

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: Digesta

text: is

text: finally

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: where

text: the

text: digestion

text: and

text: absorption

text: of

text: nutrients

text: occurs

text: Microbes

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: reticulo

text: rumen

text: are

text: also

text: digested

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

question: What is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants?

answer: The abomasum

text: The abomasum

question: What is the abomasums close equivalent?

answer: a monogastric stomach

text: a monogastric stomach

question: What does this site serve primarily as?

answer: a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

text: a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

question: What happens to digesta when it moves to the small intestine?

answer: the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs

text: the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs

question: What is also digested in the small intestine?

answer: Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine

text: Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine


text: The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts. The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair).

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: Uruguayan

text: Basketball

text: League

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: teams

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: Defensor

text: Sporting

text: Biguá

text: Aguada

text: Goes

text: Malvín

text: Unión

text: Atlética

text: and

text: Trouville

text: Montevideo

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: centre

text: of

text: rugby

text: equestrianism

text: which

text: regained

text: importance

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: after

text: the

text: Maroñas

text: Racecourse

text: reopened

text: golf

text: with

text: the

text: Club

text: de

text: Punta

text: Carretas

text: and

text: yachting

text: with

text: the

text: Puerto

text: del

text: Buceo

text: an

text: ideal

text: place

text: to

text: moor

text: yachts

text: The

text: Golf

text: Club

text: of

text: Punta

text: Carretas

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: covers

text: all

text: the

text: area

text: encircled

text: by

text: the

text: west

text: side

text: of

text: Bulevar

text: Artigas

text: the

text: Rambla

text: Montevideo

text: 's

text: promenade

text: and

text: the

text: Parque

text: Rodó

text: Fun

text: Fair

question: Where is the Uruguayan Basketball League headquartered?

answer: Montevideo

text: Montevideo

question: When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded?

answer: 1894

question: Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what?

answer: the Maroñas Racecourse reopened

text: the Maroñas Racecourse reopened


text: In May 2012, Sony Music filed charges against the website IsoHunt. The plaintifs claims in the court document filed at the supreme court of British Columbia: "The IsoHunt Websites have been designed and are operated by the defendants with the sole purpose of profiting from rampant copyright infringement which defendants actively encourage, promote, authorize, induce, aid, abet, materially contribute to and commercially profit from."

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: May

text: Sony

text: Music

text: filed

text: charges

text: against

text: the

text: website

text: IsoHunt

text: The

text: plaintifs

text: claims

text: in

text: the

text: court

text: document

text: filed

text: at

text: the

text: supreme

text: court

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: The

text: IsoHunt

text: Websites

text: have

text: been

text: designed

text: and

text: are

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: defendants

text: with

text: the

text: sole

text: purpose

text: of

text: profiting

text: from

text: rampant

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: which

text: defendants

text: actively

text: encourage

text: promote

text: authorize

text: induce

text: aid

text: abet

text: materially

text: contribute

text: to

text: and

text: commercially

text: profit

text: from

question: In May 2012, ABC Music filed charged against whom?

text: the website IsoHunt

question: Which document was filed at the supreme court of the China?

text: the court document

question: The website IconicHunt had charges filed against them by whom?

text: Sony Music

question: The website IsoHunt filed charges against Sony Music in what year?


text: The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: Desert

text: Land

text: Act

text: of

text: was

text: passed

text: to

text: allow

text: settlement

text: of

text: arid

text: lands

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: allotted

text: acres

text: to

text: settlers

text: for

text: a

text: fee

text: of

text: per

text: acre

text: and

text: a

text: promise

text: to

text: irrigate

text: the

text: land

text: After

text: three

text: years

text: a

text: fee

text: of

text: one

text: dollar

text: per

text: acre

text: would

text: be

text: paid

text: and

text: the

text: land

text: would

text: be

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: settler

text: This

text: act

text: brought

text: mostly

text: cattle

text: and

text: sheep

text: ranchers

text: into

text: Montana

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: grazed

text: their

text: herds

text: on

text: the

text: Montana

text: prairie

text: for

text: three

text: years

text: did

text: little

text: to

text: irrigate

text: the

text: land

text: and

text: then

text: abandoned

text: it

text: without

text: paying

text: the

text: final

text: fees

text: Some

text: farmers

text: came

text: with

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Northern

text: and

text: Northern

text: Pacific

text: Railroads

text: throughout

text: the

text: and

text: though

text: in

text: relatively

text: small

text: numbers

question: When was the Desert Land Act passed?

answer: 1877

question: How much land did the Desert Land Act allot?

answer: 640 acres

text: 640 acres

question: How much was the charge per acre at first?

answer: $.25


text: In May 2005, Carrie Underwood was announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up. Both Underwood and Bice released the coronation song "Inside Your Heaven". Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide, and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S., selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S. and has more  Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards, the most Grammys by an "American Idol" alumnus.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: In

text: May

text: Carrie

text: Underwood

text: was

text: announced

text: the

text: winner

text: with

text: Bice

text: the

text: runner

text: up

text: Both

text: Underwood

text: and

text: Bice

text: released

text: the

text: coronation

text: song

text: Inside

text: Your

text: Heaven

text: Underwood

text: has

text: since

text: sold

text: million

text: records

text: worldwide

text: and

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: Idol

text: contestant

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: selling

text: over

text: million

text: albums

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: has

text: more

text: Underwood

text: has

text: won

text: seven

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: the

text: most

text: Grammys

text: by

text: an

text: American

text: Idol

text: alumnus

question: What year did Carrie Underwood win American Idol?

answer: 2005

question: How many record has Carrie Underwood sold since winning American Idol?

answer: 65 million

text: 65 million

question: What was the first song released by Carrie Underwood after winning American Idol?

answer: Inside Your Heaven

text: Inside Your Heaven

question: Which American Idol contestant has won the biggest number of Grammy Awards?

answer: Carrie Underwood

text: Carrie Underwood

question: When was the winner declared?

answer: May 2005

text: May 2005

question: Who was the winner of this season?

answer: Carrie Underwood

text: Carrie Underwood

question: What song did the two finalists release?

answer: Inside Your Heaven

text: Inside Your Heaven

question: How many records has Underwood sold in America?

answer: 14 million

text: 14 million


text: For example, at 30 MHz (10 m wavelength) a true resonant 1⁄4-wavelength monopole would be almost 2.5 meters long, and using an antenna only 1.5 meters tall would require the addition of a loading coil. Then it may be said that the coil has lengthened the antenna to achieve an electrical length of 2.5 meters. However, the resulting resistive impedance achieved will be quite a bit lower than the impedance of a resonant monopole, likely requiring further impedance matching. In addition to a lower radiation resistance, the reactance becomes higher as the antenna size is reduced, and the resonant circuit formed by the antenna and the tuning coil has a Q factor that rises and eventually causes the bandwidth of the antenna to be inadequate for the signal being transmitted. This is the major factor that sets the size of antennas at 1 MHz and lower frequencies.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: For

text: example

text: at

text: MHz

text: m

text: wavelength

text: a

text: true

text: resonant

text: monopole

text: would

text: be

text: almost

text: meters

text: long

text: and

text: using

text: an

text: antenna

text: only

text: meters

text: tall

text: would

text: require

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: loading

text: coil

text: Then

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: coil

text: has

text: lengthened

text: the

text: antenna

text: to

text: achieve

text: an

text: electrical

text: length

text: of

text: meters

text: However

text: the

text: resulting

text: resistive

text: impedance

text: achieved

text: will

text: be

text: quite

text: a

text: bit

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: impedance

text: of

text: a

text: resonant

text: monopole

text: likely

text: requiring

text: further

text: impedance

text: matching

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: a

text: lower

text: radiation

text: resistance

text: the

text: reactance

text: becomes

text: higher

text: as

text: the

text: antenna

text: size

text: is

text: reduced

text: and

text: the

text: resonant

text: circuit

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: antenna

text: and

text: the

text: tuning

text: coil

text: has

text: a

text: Q

text: factor

text: that

text: rises

text: and

text: eventually

text: causes

text: the

text: bandwidth

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: to

text: be

text: inadequate

text: for

text: the

text: signal

text: being

text: transmitted

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: factor

text: that

text: sets

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: antennas

text: at

text: MHz

text: and

text: lower

text: frequencies

question: What can be added to allow for an antenna shorter than the needed height to produce desired results?

answer: loading coil

text: loading coil

question: How would the resistive impedance from this scenario compare to if the antenna was the proper height?

answer: lower

text: lower

question: The coil has lengthed the antenna to reach how much length electrically?

answer: 2.5 meters

text: 2.5 meters

question: What is the major thing that sets the size of antennas at lower frequencies?

answer: reactance

text: reactance


text: Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Han

text: era

text: astronomers

text: adopted

text: a

text: geocentric

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: theorizing

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: shaped

text: like

text: a

text: sphere

text: surrounding

text: the

text: earth

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: They

text: assumed

text: that

text: the

text: Sun

text: Moon

text: and

text: planets

text: were

text: spherical

text: and

text: not

text: disc

text: shaped

text: They

text: also

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: illumination

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: planets

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: sunlight

text: that

text: lunar

text: eclipses

text: occurred

text: when

text: the

text: Earth

text: obstructed

text: sunlight

text: falling

text: onto

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: solar

text: eclipse

text: occurred

text: when

text: the

text: Moon

text: obstructed

text: sunlight

text: from

text: reaching

text: the

text: Earth

text: Although

text: others

text: disagreed

text: with

text: his

text: model

text: Wang

text: Chong

text: accurately

text: described

text: the

text: water

text: cycle

text: of

text: the

text: evaporation

text: of

text: water

text: into

text: clouds

question: In what era was a geocentric view of the universe adopted?

answer: Han

text: Han

question: Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?

answer: Wang Chong

text: Wang Chong

question: What object was assumed to block sunlight during a lunar eclipse?

answer: the Earth

text: the Earth

question: What did astronomers believe the shape of the Sun to be during this era?

answer: spherical

text: spherical

question: What did astronomers during this area believe to be the center of the universe?

answer: the earth

text: the earth


text: On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: On

text: December

text: Hungarian

text: Sándor

text: Just

text: and

text: Croatian

text: Franjo

text: Hanaman

text: were

text: granted

text: a

text: Hungarian

text: patent

text: No

text: for

text: a

text: tungsten

text: filament

text: lamp

text: that

text: lasted

text: longer

text: and

text: gave

text: brighter

text: light

text: than

text: the

text: carbon

text: filament

text: Tungsten

text: filament

text: lamps

text: were

text: first

text: marketed

text: by

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: company

text: Tungsram

text: in

text: This

text: type

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: Tungsram

text: bulbs

text: in

text: many

text: European

text: countries

text: Filling

text: a

text: bulb

text: with

text: an

text: inert

text: gas

text: such

text: as

text: argon

text: or

text: nitrogen

text: retards

text: the

text: evaporation

text: of

text: the

text: tungsten

text: filament

text: compared

text: to

text: operating

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: vacuum

text: This

text: allows

text: for

text: greater

text: temperatures

text: and

text: therefore

text: greater

text: efficacy

text: with

text: less

text: reduction

text: in

text: filament

text: life

question: Which inventors patented the tungsten filament lamp?

answer: Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman

text: Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman

question: When did Just and Hanaman receive their patent for the tungsten filament lamp?

answer: 13 December 1904

text: 13 December 1904

question: Which company first marketed the tungsten filament lamp?

answer: Tungsram

text: Tungsram

question: What type of gas fills a tungsten filament bulb?

answer: argon or nitrogen

text: argon or nitrogen

question: What is a common alternate name for the tungsten filament bulb in Europe?

answer: Tungsram-bulbs

text: Tungsram-bulbs

question: Who was not granted a patent fr the tungsten filament lamp?

text: Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman

question: Who was granted patent No. 34540?

text: Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman

question: Who receive their patent in 1905?

text: Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman

question: What type of gas does not fill a tungsten filament bulb?

text: argon or nitrogen

question: What is not a common alternate name for the tungsten filament bulb in Europe.

text: Tungsram-bulbs


text: While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing. "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya civilizations) and those of the Andes (Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, Cañaris).

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: While

text: technically

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: era

text: before

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: voyages

text: of

text: to

text: in

text: practice

text: the

text: term

text: usually

text: includes

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: American

text: indigenous

text: cultures

text: until

text: Europeans

text: either

text: conquered

text: or

text: significantly

text: influenced

text: them

text: even

text: if

text: this

text: happened

text: decades

text: or

text: even

text: centuries

text: after

text: Columbus

text: initial

text: landing

text: Pre

text: Columbian

text: is

text: used

text: especially

text: often

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: discussing

text: the

text: great

text: indigenous

text: civilizations

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: Mesoamerica

text: the

text: Olmec

text: the

text: Toltec

text: the

text: Teotihuacano

text: the

text: Zapotec

text: the

text: Mixtec

text: the

text: Aztec

text: and

text: the

text: Maya

text: civilizations

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: Inca

text: Empire

text: Moche

text: culture

text: Muisca

text: Confederation

text: Cañaris

question: The term Pre-Columbian technically refers to which era?

answer: before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492

text: before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492

question: When was Columbus' first voyage?

answer: 1492

question: In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them?

answer: conquered or significantly influenced

text: conquered or significantly influenced

question: What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas?

answer: "Pre-Columbian"

text: "Pre-Columbian"

question: What area of the Americas did the Inca Empire, Moche culture and Muisca confederation hail from?

answer: Andes

text: Andes


text: CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: CAMRA

text: have

text: surveyed

text: the

text: pubs

text: in

text: Britain

text: and

text: they

text: believe

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: very

text: few

text: pubs

text: that

text: still

text: have

text: classic

text: snugs

text: These

text: are

text: on

text: a

text: historic

text: interiors

text: list

text: in

text: order

text: that

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: preserved

question: How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?

answer: 50,000

question: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?

answer: very few

text: very few


text: In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football. Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: In

text: Woolwich

text: munitions

text: workers

text: founded

text: the

text: club

text: as

text: Dial

text: Square

text: In

text: the

text: club

text: crossed

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: Arsenal

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Highbury

text: They

text: became

text: Tottenham

text: Hotspur

text: 's

text: nearest

text: club

text: commencing

text: the

text: North

text: London

text: derby

text: In

text: they

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Stadium

text: in

text: nearby

text: Holloway

text: Arsenal

text: earned

text: m

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Stadium

text: generating

text: the

text: highest

text: revenue

text: in

text: world

text: football

text: Based

text: on

text: social

text: media

text: activity

text: from

text: Arsenal

text: 's

text: fanbase

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Forbes

text: estimates

text: the

text: club

text: was

text: worth

text: billion

text: in

question: What was the original name of the Arsenal team?

answer: Dial Square

text: Dial Square

question: When was Arsenal originally formed?

answer: 1886

question: When did Arsenal become based in Highbury?

answer: 1913

question: In what year did Arsenal move to Holloway?

answer: 2006

question: How does Forbe's believe the Arsenal club was worth in 2015?

answer: $1.3 billion

text: $1.3 billion

question: Where did Arsenal play in 1886?

text: Highbury

question: What team has the biggest fanbase in the world?

text: Arsenal

question: How much are the Tottenham Hotspurs worth as of 2015?

text: $1.3 billion

question: In what stadium do the Tottenham Hotspur play?

text: Emirates Stadium

question: Who founded the Tottenham Hotspur?

text: Woolwich munitions workers


text: Unaspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked with the modifier letter for unaspiration ⟨◌˭⟩, a superscript equal sign: ⟨t˭⟩. Usually, however, unaspirated consonants are left unmarked: ⟨t⟩.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Unaspirated

text: or

text: tenuis

text: consonants

text: are

text: occasionally

text: marked

text: with

text: the

text: modifier

text: letter

text: for

text: unaspiration

text: a

text: superscript

text: equal

text: sign

text: ⟨t˭⟩.

text: Usually

text: however

text: unaspirated

text: consonants

text: are

text: left

text: unmarked

text: ⟨t⟩.

question: How are unaspirated or tenuis consonants sometimes marked for unaspiration?

answer: with the modifier letter

text: with the modifier letter

question: What is the superscript equal sign?

answer: ⟨t˭⟩

text: ⟨t˭⟩

question: Most often, unaspirated consonants are what?

answer: left unmarked

text: left unmarked

question: How are unaspirated consonants left unmarked?

answer: ⟨t⟩

text: ⟨t⟩

question: Aspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked how?

question: How are aspirated consonants marked?

text: ⟨t⟩

question: How are aspirated consonants usually left?

text: unmarked

question: What is occasionally marked with the modifier letter for aspiration?

text: Unaspirated or tenuis consonants

question: Unspirated or tenuis symbols are occasionally marked with which letter?


text: Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a particular region or regions. In Spain, the Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians, spearheaded a historic movement to have their national specificity recognized, crystallizing in the "historical communities" such as Navarre, Galicia, Catalonia, and the Basque Country. They have more powers than the later expanded arrangement for other Spanish regions, or the Spain of the autonomous communities (called also the "coffee for everyone" arrangement), partly to deal with their separate identity and to appease peripheral nationalist leanings, partly out of respect to specific rights they had held earlier in history. However, strictly speaking Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Where

text: every

text: component

text: state

text: of

text: a

text: federation

text: possesses

text: the

text: same

text: powers

text: we

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: find

text: symmetric

text: federalism

text: Asymmetric

text: federalism

text: exists

text: where

text: states

text: are

text: granted

text: different

text: powers

text: or

text: some

text: possess

text: greater

text: autonomy

text: than

text: others

text: do

text: This

text: is

text: often

text: done

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: distinct

text: culture

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: region

text: or

text: regions

text: In

text: Spain

text: the

text: Basques

text: and

text: Catalans

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Galicians

text: spearheaded

text: a

text: historic

text: movement

text: to

text: have

text: their

text: national

text: specificity

text: recognized

text: crystallizing

text: in

text: the

text: historical

text: communities

text: such

text: as

text: Navarre

text: Galicia

text: Catalonia

text: and

text: the

text: Basque

text: Country

text: They

text: have

text: more

text: powers

text: than

text: the

text: later

text: expanded

text: arrangement

text: for

text: other

text: Spanish

text: regions

text: or

text: the

text: Spain

text: of

text: the

text: autonomous

text: communities

text: called

text: also

text: the

text: coffee

text: for

text: everyone

text: arrangement

text: partly

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: their

text: separate

text: identity

text: and

text: to

text: appease

text: peripheral

text: nationalist

text: leanings

text: partly

text: out

text: of

text: respect

text: to

text: specific

text: rights

text: they

text: had

text: held

text: earlier

text: in

text: history

text: However

text: strictly

text: speaking

text: Spain

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: federalism

text: but

text: a

text: decentralized

text: administrative

text: organization

text: of

text: the

text: state

question: What does every component state of federation possess?

answer: the same powers

text: the same powers

question: Asymmetric federalism exist when?

answer: where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do

text: where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do

question: What cities in Spain are in the historic movement?

answer: Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians

text: Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians

question: Is Spain apart of federalism?

answer: Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.

text: Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.

question: What does no components state of federation possess?

text: the same powers

question: What does every component state of federation not possess?

text: the same powers

question: Symmetric federalism exist when?

question: Why is Spain a part of federalism?


text: The Gospel of Matthew describes many women at the crucifixion, some of whom are named in the Gospels. Apart from these women, the three Synoptic Gospels speak of the presence of others: "the chief priests, with the scribes and elders"; two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left, whom the Gospel of Luke presents as the penitent thief and the impenitent thief; "the soldiers", "the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus"; passers-by; "bystanders", "the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle"; and "his acquaintances"

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: Gospel

text: of

text: Matthew

text: describes

text: many

text: women

text: at

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: some

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: named

text: in

text: the

text: Gospels

text: Apart

text: from

text: these

text: women

text: the

text: three

text: Synoptic

text: Gospels

text: speak

text: of

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: others

text: the

text: chief

text: priests

text: with

text: the

text: scribes

text: and

text: elders

text: two

text: robbers

text: crucified

text: one

text: on

text: Jesus

text: right

text: and

text: one

text: on

text: his

text: left

text: whom

text: the

text: Gospel

text: of

text: Luke

text: presents

text: as

text: the

text: penitent

text: thief

text: and

text: the

text: impenitent

text: thief

text: the

text: soldiers

text: the

text: centurion

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: with

text: him

text: keeping

text: watch

text: over

text: Jesus

text: passers

text: by

text: bystanders

text: the

text: crowds

text: that

text: had

text: assembled

text: for

text: this

text: spectacle

text: and

text: his

text: acquaintances

question: Matthew described that who was present at the Crucifixion?

answer: many women

text: many women

question: The three gospels speak of the presence of which priests?

answer: the chief priests

text: the chief priests

question: How many people were crucified with Jesus?

answer: two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left

text: two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left

question: Who kept watch over Jesus?

answer: the soldiers

text: the soldiers

question: Name one other group present at the Crucifixion?

answer: acquaintances

text: acquaintances

question: Who were the women keeping watch over according to his acquanitances?

text: Jesus

question: How many acquaintances are named in the Gospels?

text: three

question: What had the scribes and elders been assembled for according to the women?

text: this spectacle

question: Where were the elders standing when Jesus was crucified?

text: one on Jesus' right and one on his left

question: What was the attidude of the scribes when watching the crucifixion?

text: impenitent


text: According to Taraborrelli, the defining moment of Madonna's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother. Psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests her mother's death would have had an immeasurable impact on the young Madonna at a time when her personality was still forming. According to Ablow, the younger a child is at the time of a serious loss, the more profound the influence and the longer lasting the impact. He concludes that "some people never reconcile themselves to such a loss at an early age, Madonna is not different than them." Conversely, author Lucy O'Brien feels the impact of the rape she suffered is, in fact, the motivating factor behind everything Madonna has done, more important even than the death of her mother: "It's not so much grief at her mother's death that drives her, as the sense of abandonment that left her unprotected. She encountered her own worst possible scenario, becoming a victim of male violence, and thereafter turned that full-tilt into her work, reversing the equation at every opportunity."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: According

text: to

text: Taraborrelli

text: the

text: defining

text: moment

text: of

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: childhood

text: was

text: the

text: tragic

text: and

text: untimely

text: death

text: of

text: her

text: beloved

text: mother

text: Psychiatrist

text: Keith

text: Ablow

text: suggests

text: her

text: mother

text: 's

text: death

text: would

text: have

text: had

text: an

text: immeasurable

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: young

text: Madonna

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: her

text: personality

text: was

text: still

text: forming

text: According

text: to

text: Ablow

text: the

text: younger

text: a

text: child

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: a

text: serious

text: loss

text: the

text: more

text: profound

text: the

text: influence

text: and

text: the

text: longer

text: lasting

text: the

text: impact

text: He

text: concludes

text: that

text: some

text: people

text: never

text: reconcile

text: themselves

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: loss

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: Madonna

text: is

text: not

text: different

text: than

text: them

text: Conversely

text: author

text: Lucy

text: O'Brien

text: feels

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: the

text: rape

text: she

text: suffered

text: is

text: in

text: fact

text: the

text: motivating

text: factor

text: behind

text: everything

text: Madonna

text: has

text: done

text: more

text: important

text: even

text: than

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: her

text: mother

text: It

text: 's

text: not

text: so

text: much

text: grief

text: at

text: her

text: mother

text: 's

text: death

text: that

text: drives

text: her

text: as

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: abandonment

text: that

text: left

text: her

text: unprotected

text: She

text: encountered

text: her

text: own

text: worst

text: possible

text: scenario

text: becoming

text: a

text: victim

text: of

text: male

text: violence

text: and

text: thereafter

text: turned

text: that

text: full

text: tilt

text: into

text: her

text: work

text: reversing

text: the

text: equation

text: at

text: every

text: opportunity

question: According to who was the defining moment of Madonna's childhood with her mother's death?

answer: Taraborrelli,

text: Taraborrelli,

question: Which psychiatrist said that when a parent dies when the child is young, it leaves a lasting impact?

answer: Keith Ablow

text: Keith Ablow

question: Who believes that the rape Madonna experienced is the driving force in life?

answer: Lucy O'Brien

text: Lucy O'Brien


text: The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology, introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term "natural diversity" was common, introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, "The Preservation of Natural Diversity." By the early 1980s TNC's Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins, Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term "biological diversity".

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: The

text: term

text: biological

text: diversity

text: was

text: used

text: first

text: by

text: wildlife

text: scientist

text: and

text: conservationist

text: Raymond

text: F.

text: Dasmann

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: lay

text: book

text: A

text: Different

text: Kind

text: of

text: Country

text: advocating

text: conservation

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: widely

text: adopted

text: only

text: after

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: decade

text: when

text: in

text: the

text: it

text: came

text: into

text: common

text: usage

text: in

text: science

text: and

text: environmental

text: policy

text: Thomas

text: Lovejoy

text: in

text: the

text: foreword

text: to

text: the

text: book

text: Conservation

text: Biology

text: introduced

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: the

text: scientific

text: community

text: Until

text: then

text: the

text: term

text: natural

text: diversity

text: was

text: common

text: introduced

text: by

text: The

text: Science

text: Division

text: of

text: The

text: Nature

text: Conservancy

text: in

text: an

text: important

text: study

text: The

text: Preservation

text: of

text: Natural

text: Diversity

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: TNC

text: 's

text: Science

text: program

text: and

text: its

text: head

text: Robert

text: E.

text: Jenkins

text: Lovejoy

text: and

text: other

text: leading

text: conservation

text: scientists

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: in

text: America

text: advocated

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: biological

text: diversity

question: Which scientist first used the term biological diversity?

answer: Raymond F. Dasmann

text: Raymond F. Dasmann

question: What book first contained the term biological diversity?

answer: A Different Kind of Country

text: A Different Kind of Country

question: What decade did the term biological diversity become common usage in science and economics?

answer: the 1980s

text: the 1980s

question: Who introduced the term biological diversity to the scientific community?

answer: Thomas Lovejoy

text: Thomas Lovejoy

question: What term was common before biological diversity?

answer: "natural diversity"

text: "natural diversity"

question: Which scientist first used the term biology?

text: Raymond F. Dasmann

question: What book first contained the term biology?

text: A Different Kind of Country

question: What decade did the term biology become common usage in science and economics?

text: the 1980s

question: Who introduced the term biology to the scientific community?

text: Thomas Lovejoy

question: What term was common before biology?

text: "natural diversity"


text: During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on Roman Catholics, being the religion of the enemy. In 17th-century Leiden, for instance, people opening their homes to services could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city. Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor – along with economic reasons – in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: During

text: the

text: Republic

text: any

text: person

text: who

text: wished

text: to

text: hold

text: public

text: office

text: had

text: to

text: conform

text: to

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: and

text: take

text: an

text: oath

text: to

text: this

text: effect

text: The

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: different

text: religions

text: or

text: denominations

text: were

text: persecuted

text: depended

text: much

text: on

text: the

text: time

text: period

text: and

text: regional

text: or

text: city

text: leaders

text: In

text: the

text: beginning

text: this

text: was

text: especially

text: focused

text: on

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: being

text: the

text: religion

text: of

text: the

text: enemy

text: In

text: century

text: Leiden

text: for

text: instance

text: people

text: opening

text: their

text: homes

text: to

text: services

text: could

text: be

text: fined

text: guilders

text: a

text: year

text: 's

text: wage

text: for

text: a

text: skilled

text: tradesman

text: and

text: banned

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: Throughout

text: this

text: however

text: personal

text: freedom

text: of

text: religion

text: existed

text: and

text: was

text: one

text: factor

text: along

text: with

text: economic

text: reasons

text: in

text: causing

text: large

text: immigration

text: of

text: religious

text: refugees

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

question: What did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the Republic?

answer: the Reformed Church

text: the Reformed Church

question: The degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what?

answer: the time period and regional or city leaders

text: the time period and regional or city leaders

question: What was the punishment for people who opened their homes to Catholic services during 17th-century Leiden?

answer: fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city

text: fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city

question: What was one reason for the large amounts of immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe?

answer: personal freedom of religion

text: personal freedom of religion

question: What did religious refugees have to conform to when holding public office?

text: the Reformed Church

question: What were Reformed Church members considered as in the 17th century?

text: the religion of the enemy

question: What could religious refugees be fined when opening their homes to services?

text: 200 guilders

question: What factors led to immigration of religious refugees from Leiden?

question: Who did most services put the focus on in the beginning?

text: Roman Catholics


text: Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing, in which Bronx DJs (Disc Jockeys) including Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records, a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk, disco and soul songs. As hip hop's popularity grew, performers began speaking ("rapping") in sync with the beats, and became known as MCs or emcees. The Herculoids, made up of Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent, were the earliest to gain major fame. The Bronx is referred to in hip-hop slang as "The Boogie Down Bronx", or just "The Boogie Down". This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP, or Boogie Down Productions, which included DJ Scott La Rock. Newer hip hop artists from the Bronx include Big Pun, Lord Toriq and Peter Gunz, Camp Lo, Swizz Beatz, Drag-On, Fat Joe, Terror Squad and Corey Gunz.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Beginning

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: beat

text: match

text: DJing

text: in

text: which

text: Bronx

text: DJs

text: Disc

text: Jockeys

text: including

text: Grandmaster

text: Flash

text: Afrika

text: Bambaataa

text: and

text: DJ

text: Kool

text: Herc

text: extended

text: the

text: breaks

text: of

text: funk

text: records

text: a

text: major

text: new

text: musical

text: genre

text: emerged

text: that

text: sought

text: to

text: isolate

text: the

text: percussion

text: breaks

text: of

text: hit

text: funk

text: disco

text: and

text: soul

text: songs

text: As

text: hip

text: hop

text: 's

text: popularity

text: grew

text: performers

text: began

text: speaking

text: rapping

text: in

text: sync

text: with

text: the

text: beats

text: and

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: MCs

text: or

text: emcees

text: The

text: Herculoids

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Herc

text: Coke

text: La

text: Rock

text: and

text: DJ

text: Clark

text: Kent

text: were

text: the

text: earliest

text: to

text: gain

text: major

text: fame

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: hip

text: hop

text: slang

text: as

text: The

text: Boogie

text: Down

text: Bronx

text: or

text: just

text: The

text: Boogie

text: Down

text: This

text: was

text: hip

text: hop

text: pioneer

text: KRS

text: One

text: 's

text: inspiration

text: for

text: his

text: thought

text: provoking

text: group

text: BDP

text: or

text: Boogie

text: Down

text: Productions

text: which

text: included

text: DJ

text: Scott

text: La

text: Rock

text: Newer

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: from

text: the

text: Bronx

text: include

text: Big

text: Pun

text: Lord

text: Toriq

text: and

text: Peter

text: Gunz

text: Camp

text: Lo

text: Swizz

text: Beatz

text: Drag

text: On

text: Fat

text: Joe

text: Terror

text: Squad

text: and

text: Corey

text: Gunz

question: Who were the Herculoids?

answer: Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent

text: Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent

question: What is 'The Boogie Down'?

answer: The Bronx

text: The Bronx

question: Where is Big Pun from?

answer: the Bronx

text: the Bronx

question: What types of music did hip hop emerge from?

answer: funk, disco and soul

text: funk, disco and soul

question: Who started BDP?

answer: KRS-One

text: KRS-One


text: In addition to membership, as of 2010[update] there are 1,335 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, around the world. The fan clubs promote Barcelona in their locality and receive beneficial offers when visiting Barcelona. Among the best supported teams globally, Barcelona has the highest social media following in the world among sports teams, with over 90 million Facebook fans as of February 2016. The club has had many prominent people among its supporters, including Pope John Paul II, who was an honorary member, and former prime minister of Spain José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. FC Barcelona has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: membership

text: as

text: of

text: there

text: are

text: officially

text: registered

text: fan

text: clubs

text: called

text: penyes

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: fan

text: clubs

text: promote

text: Barcelona

text: in

text: their

text: locality

text: and

text: receive

text: beneficial

text: offers

text: when

text: visiting

text: Barcelona

text: Among

text: the

text: best

text: supported

text: teams

text: globally

text: Barcelona

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: social

text: media

text: following

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: among

text: sports

text: teams

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: Facebook

text: fans

text: as

text: of

text: February

text: The

text: club

text: has

text: had

text: many

text: prominent

text: people

text: among

text: its

text: supporters

text: including

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: who

text: was

text: an

text: honorary

text: member

text: and

text: former

text: prime

text: minister

text: of

text: Spain

text: José

text: Luis

text: Rodríguez

text: Zapatero

text: FC

text: Barcelona

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: average

text: attendance

text: of

text: European

text: football

text: clubs

text: only

text: behind

text: Borussia

text: Dortmund

question: How many registered fan clubs does Barcelona have worldwide?

answer: 1,335

question: What are the fan clubs called?

answer: penyes

text: penyes

question: How many Facebook followers does team Barcelona have?

answer: over 90 million

text: over 90 million

question: What famous cleric was a supporter of Barcelona?

answer: Pope John Paul II

text: Pope John Paul II

question: What is the only team that has a higher attendance rate than Club Barcelona?

answer: Borussia Dortmund

text: Borussia Dortmund


text: More recent Lancashire-born composers include Hugh Wood (1932- Parbold), Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (1934-, Salford), Sir Harrison Birtwistle (1934-, Accrington), Gordon Crosse (1937-, Bury),John McCabe (1939-2015, Huyton), Roger Smalley (1943-2015, Swinton), Nigel Osborne (1948-, Manchester), Steve Martland (1954-2013, Liverpool), Simon Holt (1958-, Bolton) and Philip Cashian (1963-, Manchester). The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: More

text: recent

text: Lancashire

text: born

text: composers

text: include

text: Hugh

text: Wood

text: Parbold

text: Sir

text: Peter

text: Maxwell

text: Davies

text: Salford

text: Sir

text: Harrison

text: Birtwistle

text: Accrington

text: Gordon

text: Crosse

text: Bury),John

text: McCabe

text: Huyton

text: Roger

text: Smalley

text: Swinton

text: Nigel

text: Osborne

text: Manchester

text: Steve

text: Martland

text: Liverpool

text: Simon

text: Holt

text: Bolton

text: and

text: Philip

text: Cashian

text: Manchester

text: The

text: Royal

text: Manchester

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: northern

text: counterpart

text: to

text: the

text: London

text: musical

text: colleges

text: It

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Northern

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: formed

text: in

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Royal

text: Northern

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: in

question: In what year was Hugh Wood born?

answer: 1932

question: Where was Sir Peter Maxwell Davies born?

answer: Salford

text: Salford

question: When was the Royal Manchester College of Music founded?

answer: 1893

question: When was the Royal Northern College of Music formed?

answer: 1972

question: What did the Royal Manchester College of Music merge with?

answer: the Northern College of Music

text: the Northern College of Music

question: Who founded the Royal Manchester College of Music?

text: Gordon Crosse

question: Who founded the Northern College of Music?

text: Sir Harrison Birtwistle

question: Who was the first head of the Royal Northern College of Music?

text: Hugh Wood

question: In what year did Harrison Birtwistle receive the Sir title?

question: In what year did Peter Maxwell Davies attain the title of Sir?