text: Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases toxins that produce shock and sepsis. Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop disease. On the other hand, some infectious agents are highly virulent. The prion causing mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease invariably kills all animals and people that are infected.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Disease

text: can

text: arise

text: if

text: the

text: host

text: 's

text: protective

text: immune

text: mechanisms

text: are

text: compromised

text: and

text: the

text: organism

text: inflicts

text: damage

text: on

text: the

text: host

text: Microorganisms

text: can

text: cause

text: tissue

text: damage

text: by

text: releasing

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: toxins

text: or

text: destructive

text: enzymes

text: For

text: example

text: Clostridium

text: tetani

text: releases

text: a

text: toxin

text: that

text: paralyzes

text: muscles

text: and

text: staphylococcus

text: releases

text: toxins

text: that

text: produce

text: shock

text: and

text: sepsis

text: Not

text: all

text: infectious

text: agents

text: cause

text: disease

text: in

text: all

text: hosts

text: For

text: example

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: individuals

text: infected

text: with

text: polio

text: develop

text: disease

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: some

text: infectious

text: agents

text: are

text: highly

text: virulent

text: The

text: prion

text: causing

text: mad

text: cow

text: disease

text: and

text: Creutzfeldt

text: Jakob

text: disease

text: invariably

text: kills

text: all

text: animals

text: and

text: people

text: that

text: are

text: infected

question: Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host?

answer: damage

text: damage

question: What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of?

answer: toxins

text: toxins

question: What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do?

answer: paralyzes muscles

text: paralyzes muscles

question: What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis?

answer: staphylococcus

text: staphylococcus

question: What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease?

answer: less than 5%

text: less than 5%

question: When an organism prevents what from the host a disease can arise?

text: damage

question: What can a microorganism repair tissue damage by releasing a variety of?

text: toxins

question: What does the toxin Clostridium tetani release help avoid?

text: paralyzes muscles

question: What releases toxins which produce joy and euphoria?

text: staphylococcus

question: What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death?

text: mad cow disease


text: Nutritionism is the view that excessive reliance on food science and the study of nutrition can lead to poor nutrition and to ill health. It was originally credited to Gyorgy Scrinis, and was popularized by Michael Pollan. Since nutrients are invisible, policy makers rely on nutrition experts to advise on food choices. Because science has an incomplete understanding of how food affects the human body, Pollan argues, nutritionism can be blamed for many of the health problems relating to diet in the Western World today.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Nutritionism

text: is

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: excessive

text: reliance

text: on

text: food

text: science

text: and

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: nutrition

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: poor

text: nutrition

text: and

text: to

text: ill

text: health

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: credited

text: to

text: Gyorgy

text: Scrinis

text: and

text: was

text: popularized

text: by

text: Michael

text: Pollan

text: Since

text: nutrients

text: are

text: invisible

text: policy

text: makers

text: rely

text: on

text: nutrition

text: experts

text: to

text: advise

text: on

text: food

text: choices

text: Because

text: science

text: has

text: an

text: incomplete

text: understanding

text: of

text: how

text: food

text: affects

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: Pollan

text: argues

text: nutritionism

text: can

text: be

text: blamed

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: health

text: problems

text: relating

text: to

text: diet

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: World

text: today

question: What is the term that refers to a viewpoint that believes a reliance on food science is a cause of poor nutrition and ill health?

answer: Nutritionism

text: Nutritionism

question: Who is originally claimed to have given birth to the concept of nutritionism?

answer: Gyorgy Scrinis

text: Gyorgy Scrinis

question: Although he was not the creator of the concept, who popularized the idea of nutritionism?

answer: Michael Pollan

text: Michael Pollan

question: Who has to rely on nutrition experts when it comes to making decisions regarding food and nutritional values?

answer: policy makers

text: policy makers

question: Which region of the world does Pollan claim could trace their health problems back to nutritionism?

answer: Western World

text: Western World


text: In Lebanon, clashes between pro-Nasser factions and supporters of staunch Nasser opponent, then-President Camille Chamoun, culminated in civil strife by May. The former sought to unite with the UAR, while the latter sought Lebanon's continued independence. Nasser delegated oversight of the issue to Sarraj, who provided limited aid to Nasser's Lebanese supporters through money, light arms, and officer training—short of the large-scale support that Chamoun alleged. Nasser did not covet Lebanon, seeing it as a "special case", but sought to prevent Chamoun from a second presidential term.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: Lebanon

text: clashes

text: between

text: pro

text: Nasser

text: factions

text: and

text: supporters

text: of

text: staunch

text: Nasser

text: opponent

text: then

text: President

text: Camille

text: Chamoun

text: culminated

text: in

text: civil

text: strife

text: by

text: May.

text: The

text: former

text: sought

text: to

text: unite

text: with

text: the

text: UAR

text: while

text: the

text: latter

text: sought

text: Lebanon

text: 's

text: continued

text: independence

text: Nasser

text: delegated

text: oversight

text: of

text: the

text: issue

text: to

text: Sarraj

text: who

text: provided

text: limited

text: aid

text: to

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: Lebanese

text: supporters

text: through

text: money

text: light

text: arms

text: and

text: officer

text: training

text: short

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: scale

text: support

text: that

text: Chamoun

text: alleged

text: Nasser

text: did

text: not

text: covet

text: Lebanon

text: seeing

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: special

text: case

text: but

text: sought

text: to

text: prevent

text: Chamoun

text: from

text: a

text: second

text: presidential

text: term

question: Who was Nasser's opponent in Lebanon?

answer: Camille Chamoun

text: Camille Chamoun

question: What did Lebanese pro-Nasser groups want?

answer: to unite with the UAR

text: to unite with the UAR

question: What did Nasser want to deny Chamoun?

answer: a second presidential term

text: a second presidential term

question: Who was in charge of dealing with the Lebanon situation?

answer: Sarraj

text: Sarraj

question: What degree of support did pro-Nasser factions in Lebanon receive?

answer: limited

text: limited


text: Boston has a strong mayor – council government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power. Marty Walsh became Mayor in January 2014, his predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure having been the longest in the city's history. The Boston City Council is elected every two years; there are nine district seats, and four citywide "at-large" seats. The School Committee, which oversees the Boston Public Schools, is appointed by the mayor.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: has

text: a

text: strong

text: mayor

text: council

text: government

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: mayor

text: elected

text: every

text: fourth

text: year

text: has

text: extensive

text: executive

text: power

text: Marty

text: Walsh

text: became

text: Mayor

text: in

text: January

text: his

text: predecessor

text: Thomas

text: Menino

text: 's

text: twenty

text: year

text: tenure

text: having

text: been

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: history

text: The

text: Boston

text: City

text: Council

text: is

text: elected

text: every

text: two

text: years

text: there

text: are

text: nine

text: district

text: seats

text: and

text: four

text: citywide

text: at

text: large

text: seats

text: The

text: School

text: Committee

text: which

text: oversees

text: the

text: Boston

text: Public

text: Schools

text: is

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: mayor

question: How often are elections for mayor held in Boston?

answer: every fourth year

text: every fourth year

question: What kind of power does the mayor have?

answer: extensive executive power

text: extensive executive power

question: Who became Mayor in january, 2014?

answer: Marty Walsh

text: Marty Walsh

question: Who oversees the Boston Public Schools?

answer: The School Committee

text: The School Committee


text: Including Kerry, the Democratic primary race had 10 candidates, including attorney Paul J. Sheehy, State Representative Anthony R. DiFruscia, John J. Desmond and Robert B. Kennedy. Kerry ran a "very expensive, sophisticated campaign", financed by out-of-state backers and supported by many young volunteers. DiFruscia's campaign headquarters shared the same building as Kerry's. On the eve of the September 19 primary, police found Kerry's younger brother Cameron and campaign field director Thomas J. Vallely, breaking into where the building's telephone lines were located. They were arrested and charged with "breaking and entering with the intent to commit grand larceny", but the charges were dropped a year later. At the time of the incident, DiFruscia alleged that the two were trying to disrupt his get-out-the vote efforts. Vallely and Cameron Kerry maintained that they were only checking their own telephone lines because they had received an anonymous call warning that the Kerry lines would be cut.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Including

text: Kerry

text: the

text: Democratic

text: primary

text: race

text: had

text: candidates

text: including

text: attorney

text: Paul

text: J.

text: Sheehy

text: State

text: Representative

text: Anthony

text: R.

text: DiFruscia

text: John

text: J.

text: Desmond

text: and

text: Robert

text: B.

text: Kennedy

text: Kerry

text: ran

text: a

text: very

text: expensive

text: sophisticated

text: campaign

text: financed

text: by

text: out

text: of

text: state

text: backers

text: and

text: supported

text: by

text: many

text: young

text: volunteers

text: DiFruscia

text: 's

text: campaign

text: headquarters

text: shared

text: the

text: same

text: building

text: as

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: On

text: the

text: eve

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: primary

text: police

text: found

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: younger

text: brother

text: Cameron

text: and

text: campaign

text: field

text: director

text: Thomas

text: J.

text: Vallely

text: breaking

text: into

text: where

text: the

text: building

text: 's

text: telephone

text: lines

text: were

text: located

text: They

text: were

text: arrested

text: and

text: charged

text: with

text: breaking

text: and

text: entering

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: to

text: commit

text: grand

text: larceny

text: but

text: the

text: charges

text: were

text: dropped

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: incident

text: DiFruscia

text: alleged

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: were

text: trying

text: to

text: disrupt

text: his

text: get

text: out

text: the

text: vote

text: efforts

text: Vallely

text: and

text: Cameron

text: Kerry

text: maintained

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: only

text: checking

text: their

text: own

text: telephone

text: lines

text: because

text: they

text: had

text: received

text: an

text: anonymous

text: call

text: warning

text: that

text: the

text: Kerry

text: lines

text: would

text: be

text: cut

question: What was Paul Sheehy's job?

answer: attorney

text: attorney

question: What was DiFruscia's position?

answer: State Representative

text: State Representative

question: Who did Kerry share a campaign headquarters with?

answer: Anthony R. DiFruscia

text: Anthony R. DiFruscia

question: Why was Kerry's brother messing with phone lines?

answer: they had received an anonymous call warning that the Kerry lines would be cut

text: they had received an anonymous call warning that the Kerry lines would be cut

question: What is Kerry's younger brother's name?

answer: Cameron

text: Cameron


text: In 2000, Madonna starred in the film The Next Best Thing, and contributed two songs to the film's soundtrack; "Time Stood Still" and a cover of Don McLean's 1971 song "American Pie". She released her eighth studio album, Music, in September 2000. It featured elements from the electronica-inspired Ray of Light era, and like its predecessor, received acclaim from critics. Collaborating with French producer Mirwais Ahmadzaï, Madonna commented: "I love to work with the weirdos that no one knows about—the people who have raw talent and who are making music unlike anyone else out there. Music is the future of sound." Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic felt that "Music blows by in a kaleidoscopic rush of color, technique, style and substance. It has so many depth and layers that it's easily as self-aware and earnest as Ray of Light." The album took the number-one position in more than 20 countries worldwide and sold four million copies in the first ten days. In the U.S., Music debuted at the top, and became her first number-one album in eleven years since Like a Prayer. It produced three singles: the Hot 100 number one "Music", "Don't Tell Me", and "What It Feels Like for a Girl". The music video of "What It Feels Like for a Girl" depicted Madonna committing acts of crime and vandalism, and was banned by MTV and VH1.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: In

text: Madonna

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: Next

text: Best

text: Thing

text: and

text: contributed

text: two

text: songs

text: to

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: soundtrack

text: Time

text: Stood

text: Still

text: and

text: a

text: cover

text: of

text: Don

text: McLean

text: 's

text: song

text: American

text: Pie

text: She

text: released

text: her

text: eighth

text: studio

text: album

text: Music

text: in

text: September

text: It

text: featured

text: elements

text: from

text: the

text: electronica

text: inspired

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: era

text: and

text: like

text: its

text: predecessor

text: received

text: acclaim

text: from

text: critics

text: Collaborating

text: with

text: French

text: producer

text: Mirwais

text: Ahmadzaï

text: Madonna

text: commented

text: I

text: love

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: weirdos

text: that

text: no

text: one

text: knows

text: about

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: have

text: raw

text: talent

text: and

text: who

text: are

text: making

text: music

text: unlike

text: anyone

text: else

text: out

text: there

text: Music

text: is

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: sound

text: Stephen

text: Thomas

text: Erlewine

text: from

text: AllMusic

text: felt

text: that

text: Music

text: blows

text: by

text: in

text: a

text: kaleidoscopic

text: rush

text: of

text: color

text: technique

text: style

text: and

text: substance

text: It

text: has

text: so

text: many

text: depth

text: and

text: layers

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: easily

text: as

text: self

text: aware

text: and

text: earnest

text: as

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: The

text: album

text: took

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: position

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: countries

text: worldwide

text: and

text: sold

text: four

text: million

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: ten

text: days

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Music

text: debuted

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: and

text: became

text: her

text: first

text: number

text: one

text: album

text: in

text: eleven

text: years

text: since

text: Like

text: a

text: Prayer

text: It

text: produced

text: three

text: singles

text: the

text: Hot

text: number

text: one

text: Music

text: Do

text: n't

text: Tell

text: Me

text: and

text: What

text: It

text: Feels

text: Like

text: for

text: a

text: Girl

text: The

text: music

text: video

text: of

text: What

text: It

text: Feels

text: Like

text: for

text: a

text: Girl

text: depicted

text: Madonna

text: committing

text: acts

text: of

text: crime

text: and

text: vandalism

text: and

text: was

text: banned

text: by

text: MTV

text: and

question: What was the film that Madonna starred in 2000?

answer: The Next Best Thing

text: The Next Best Thing

question: What was the name of the film's soundtrack called?

answer: Time Stood Still

text: Time Stood Still

question: What was Madonna's eighth album called?

answer: Music

text: Music

question: When was "Music" released?

answer: September 2000

text: September 2000

question: How many albums did "Music" sell in the first 10 days?

answer: four million

text: four million


text: Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Historians

text: trace

text: the

text: earliest

text: church

text: labeled

text: Baptist

text: back

text: to

text: in

text: Amsterdam

text: with

text: English

text: Separatist

text: John

text: Smyth

text: as

text: its

text: pastor

text: In

text: accordance

text: with

text: his

text: reading

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: he

text: rejected

text: baptism

text: of

text: infants

text: and

text: instituted

text: baptism

text: only

text: of

text: believing

text: adults

text: Baptist

text: practice

text: spread

text: to

text: England

text: where

text: the

text: General

text: Baptists

text: considered

text: Christ

text: 's

text: atonement

text: to

text: extend

text: to

text: all

text: people

text: while

text: the

text: Particular

text: Baptists

text: believed

text: that

text: it

text: extended

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: elect

text: In

text: Roger

text: Williams

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: Baptist

text: congregation

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: colonies

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: First

text: Great

text: Awakening

text: increased

text: Baptist

text: growth

text: in

text: both

text: New

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: The

text: Second

text: Great

text: Awakening

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: increased

text: church

text: membership

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: preachers

text: lessening

text: of

text: support

text: for

text: abolition

text: and

text: manumission

text: of

text: slavery

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: teachings

text: Baptist

text: missionaries

text: have

text: spread

text: their

text: church

text: to

text: every

text: continent

question: Where was the earliest Baptist church founded?

answer: Amsterdam

text: Amsterdam

question: Who was the pastor of the first Baptist church?

answer: John Smyth

text: John Smyth

question: Who believed that Christ's atonement was for everyone?

answer: General Baptists

text: General Baptists

question: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?

answer: Roger Williams

text: Roger Williams

question: Who has spread the teachings of the Baptists to each continent?

answer: Baptist missionaries

text: Baptist missionaries


text: Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: Since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Sanskrit

text: has

text: been

text: transliterated

text: using

text: the

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: The

text: system

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: today

text: is

text: the

text: IAST

text: International

text: Alphabet

text: of

text: Sanskrit

text: Transliteration

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: academic

text: standard

text: since

text: ASCII

text: based

text: transliteration

text: schemes

text: have

text: also

text: evolved

text: because

text: of

text: difficulties

text: representing

text: Sanskrit

text: characters

text: in

text: computer

text: systems

text: These

text: include

text: Harvard

text: Kyoto

text: and

text: ITRANS

text: a

text: transliteration

text: scheme

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: widely

text: on

text: the

text: Internet

text: especially

text: in

text: Usenet

text: and

text: in

text: email

text: for

text: considerations

text: of

text: speed

text: of

text: entry

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: rendering

text: issues

text: With

text: the

text: wide

text: availability

text: of

text: Unicode

text: aware

text: web

text: browsers

text: IAST

text: has

text: become

text: common

text: online

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: possible

text: to

text: type

text: using

text: an

text: alphanumeric

text: keyboard

text: and

text: transliterate

text: to

text: Devanagari

text: using

text: software

text: like

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: 's

text: international

text: support

question: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?

answer: late 18th century

text: late 18th century

question: What transliteration system is most common today?

answer: IAST

text: IAST

question: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?

answer: since 1888

text: since 1888

question: What is used in transliteration for computer systems?

answer: ASCII

text: ASCII

question: What transliteration scheme is often used on the internet?

answer: ITRANS

text: ITRANS

question: What Greek alphabet has been transliterated since the 18th century?

text: Sanskrit

question: What system was commonly used in the 18th century to transliterate Sanskrit?

question: What academic standard had been used before 1888?

question: What software can only be used on Unicode-aware web browsers?

text: Mac OS X's

question: What system of transliteration is not commonly used on the internet or e-mail?

text: ITRANS


text: Non-religious Umayyad mosaic works were mainly floor panels which decorated the palaces of the caliphs and other high-ranking officials. They were closely modeled after the mosaics of the Roman country villas, once common in the Eastern Mediterranean. The most superb example can be found in the bath house of Hisham's Palace, Palestine which was made around 744. The main panel depicts a large tree and underneath it a lion attacking a deer (right side) and two deers peacefully grazing (left side). The panel probably represents good and bad governance. Mosaics with classical geometric motifs survived in the bath area of the 8th-century Umayyad palace complex in Anjar, Lebanon. The luxurious desert residence of Al-Walid II in Qasr al-Hallabat (in present-day Jordan) was also decorated with floor mosaics that show a high level of technical skill. The best preserved panel at Hallabat is divided by a Tree of Life flanked by "good" animals on one side and "bad" animals on the other. Among the Hallabat representations are vine scrolls, grapes, pomegranates, oryx, wolves, hares, a leopard, pairs of partridges, fish, bulls, ostriches, rabbits, rams, goats, lions and a snake. At Qastal, near Amman, excavations in 2000 uncovered the earliest known Umayyad mosaics in present-day Jordan, dating probably from the caliphate of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685–705). They cover much of the floor of a finely decorated building that probably served as the palace of a local governor. The Qastal mosaics depict geometrical patterns, trees, animals, fruits and rosettes. Except for the open courtyard, entrance and staircases, the floors of the entire palace were covered in mosaics.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Non

text: religious

text: Umayyad

text: mosaic

text: works

text: were

text: mainly

text: floor

text: panels

text: which

text: decorated

text: the

text: palaces

text: of

text: the

text: caliphs

text: and

text: other

text: high

text: ranking

text: officials

text: They

text: were

text: closely

text: modeled

text: after

text: the

text: mosaics

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: country

text: villas

text: once

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: The

text: most

text: superb

text: example

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: bath

text: house

text: of

text: Hisham

text: 's

text: Palace

text: Palestine

text: which

text: was

text: made

text: around

text: The

text: main

text: panel

text: depicts

text: a

text: large

text: tree

text: and

text: underneath

text: it

text: a

text: lion

text: attacking

text: a

text: deer

text: right

text: side

text: and

text: two

text: deers

text: peacefully

text: grazing

text: left

text: side

text: The

text: panel

text: probably

text: represents

text: good

text: and

text: bad

text: governance

text: Mosaics

text: with

text: classical

text: geometric

text: motifs

text: survived

text: in

text: the

text: bath

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Umayyad

text: palace

text: complex

text: in

text: Anjar

text: Lebanon

text: The

text: luxurious

text: desert

text: residence

text: of

text: Al

text: Walid

text: II

text: in

text: Qasr

text: al

text: Hallabat

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Jordan

text: was

text: also

text: decorated

text: with

text: floor

text: mosaics

text: that

text: show

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: technical

text: skill

text: The

text: best

text: preserved

text: panel

text: at

text: Hallabat

text: is

text: divided

text: by

text: a

text: Tree

text: of

text: Life

text: flanked

text: by

text: good

text: animals

text: on

text: one

text: side

text: and

text: bad

text: animals

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: Among

text: the

text: Hallabat

text: representations

text: are

text: vine

text: scrolls

text: grapes

text: pomegranates

text: oryx

text: wolves

text: hares

text: a

text: leopard

text: pairs

text: of

text: partridges

text: fish

text: bulls

text: ostriches

text: rabbits

text: rams

text: goats

text: lions

text: and

text: a

text: snake

text: At

text: Qastal

text: near

text: Amman

text: excavations

text: in

text: uncovered

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: Umayyad

text: mosaics

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Jordan

text: dating

text: probably

text: from

text: the

text: caliphate

text: of

text: Abd

text: al

text: Malik

text: ibn

text: Marwan

text: They

text: cover

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: a

text: finely

text: decorated

text: building

text: that

text: probably

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: palace

text: of

text: a

text: local

text: governor

text: The

text: Qastal

text: mosaics

text: depict

text: geometrical

text: patterns

text: trees

text: animals

text: fruits

text: and

text: rosettes

text: Except

text: for

text: the

text: open

text: courtyard

text: entrance

text: and

text: staircases

text: the

text: floors

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: palace

text: were

text: covered

text: in

text: mosaics

question: Any mosaic having secular designs were likely what?

answer: floor panels

text: floor panels

question: What were the floor panels of the caliphs and high ranking officials modeled after?

answer: Roman country villas

text: Roman country villas

question: Where can the most superb example of Umayyad mosaic floor paneling?

answer: the bath house of Hisham's Palace

text: the bath house of Hisham's Palace

question: In which present day country would the residence of Al-Walid II in Qasr al-Hallabat be?

answer: Jordan

text: Jordan

question: At Qastal in 2000 the earliest examples of what were found in Jordan?

answer: Umayyad mosaics

text: Umayyad mosaics


text: Tidewater glaciers are glaciers that terminate in the sea, including most glaciers flowing from Greenland, Antarctica, Baffin and Ellesmere Islands in Canada, Southeast Alaska, and the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields. As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve, forming icebergs. Most tidewater glaciers calve above sea level, which often results in a tremendous impact as the iceberg strikes the water. Tidewater glaciers undergo centuries-long cycles of advance and retreat that are much less affected by the climate change than those of other glaciers.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: Tidewater

text: glaciers

text: are

text: glaciers

text: that

text: terminate

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: including

text: most

text: glaciers

text: flowing

text: from

text: Greenland

text: Antarctica

text: Baffin

text: and

text: Ellesmere

text: Islands

text: in

text: Canada

text: Southeast

text: Alaska

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: Patagonian

text: Ice

text: Fields

text: As

text: the

text: ice

text: reaches

text: the

text: sea

text: pieces

text: break

text: off

text: or

text: calve

text: forming

text: icebergs

text: Most

text: tidewater

text: glaciers

text: calve

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: which

text: often

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: tremendous

text: impact

text: as

text: the

text: iceberg

text: strikes

text: the

text: water

text: Tidewater

text: glaciers

text: undergo

text: centuries

text: long

text: cycles

text: of

text: advance

text: and

text: retreat

text: that

text: are

text: much

text: less

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: climate

text: change

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: other

text: glaciers

question: What are glaciers called that end in the sea?

answer: Tidewater glaciers

text: Tidewater glaciers

question: Most glaciers from Greenland, Antarctica, and Southeast Alaska are of which type?

answer: Tidewater glaciers

text: Tidewater glaciers

question: Are tidewater glaciers more or less affected by climate change than other glaciers?

answer: much less

text: much less

question: Do tidewater glaciers calve above or below sea level?

answer: above

text: above

question: How are icebergs formed?

answer: As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve

text: As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve

question: What are tidal glaciers?

text: glaciers that terminate in the sea

question: Hetero icebergs form glaciers?

text: pieces break off

question: What affects tidewater glaciers more than others?

text: climate change

question: What type of glaciers have been retreating for centuries?

text: Tidewater


text: There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership. Some groups of individuals who hold basic Protestant tenets identify themselves simply as "Christians" or "born-again Christians". They typically distance themselves from the confessionalism and/or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical". Often founded by individual pastors, they have little affiliation with historic denominations.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: fit

text: neatly

text: into

text: the

text: mentioned

text: branches

text: and

text: are

text: far

text: smaller

text: in

text: membership

text: Some

text: groups

text: of

text: individuals

text: who

text: hold

text: basic

text: Protestant

text: tenets

text: identify

text: themselves

text: simply

text: as

text: Christians

text: or

text: born

text: again

text: Christians

text: They

text: typically

text: distance

text: themselves

text: from

text: the

text: confessionalism

text: and/or

text: creedalism

text: of

text: other

text: Christian

text: communities

text: by

text: calling

text: themselves

text: non

text: denominational

text: or

text: evangelical

text: Often

text: founded

text: by

text: individual

text: pastors

text: they

text: have

text: little

text: affiliation

text: with

text: historic

text: denominations

question: What do some groups of people who believe in basic Protestant principles identify as?

answer: "Christians" or "born-again Christians"

text: "Christians" or "born-again Christians"

question: What denomination do these small groups belong to?

answer: "non-denominational" or "evangelical"

text: "non-denominational" or "evangelical"

question: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?

answer: little

text: little

question: Who has founded these small groups of Christians?

answer: individual pastors

text: individual pastors


text: Some możni (Magnates) descending from past tribal dynasties regarded themselves as co-proprietors of Piast realms, even though the Piasts attempted to deprive them of their independence. These możni (Magnates) constantly sought to undermine princely authority.:75, 76 In Gall Anonym's chronicle, there is noted the nobility's alarm when the Palatine Sieciech "elevated those of a lower class over those who were noble born" entrusting them with state offices. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 149)

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Some

text: możni

text: Magnates

text: descending

text: from

text: past

text: tribal

text: dynasties

text: regarded

text: themselves

text: as

text: co

text: proprietors

text: of

text: Piast

text: realms

text: even

text: though

text: the

text: Piasts

text: attempted

text: to

text: deprive

text: them

text: of

text: their

text: independence

text: These

text: możni

text: Magnates

text: constantly

text: sought

text: to

text: undermine

text: princely

text: In

text: Gall

text: Anonym

text: 's

text: chronicle

text: there

text: is

text: noted

text: the

text: nobility

text: 's

text: alarm

text: when

text: the

text: Palatine

text: Sieciech

text: elevated

text: those

text: of

text: a

text: lower

text: class

text: over

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: noble

text: born

text: entrusting

text: them

text: with

text: state

text: offices

text: Manteuffel

text: p.

question: What did some Mozni regard themselves with?

answer: co-proprietors of Piast realms

text: co-proprietors of Piast realms

question: What did the magnates do to the Piasts realms?

answer: attempted to deprive them of their independence

text: attempted to deprive them of their independence

question: Who constantly sought to undermine princely authority?

answer: możni

text: możni


text: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. But in 2006 a divided United Nations General Assembly voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights. In January 2007, Russia and China vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar to respect human rights and begin a democratic transition. South Africa also voted against the resolution.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Until

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

text: annually

text: adopted

text: a

text: detailed

text: resolution

text: about

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: by

text: consensus

text: But

text: in

text: a

text: divided

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

text: voted

text: through

text: a

text: resolution

text: that

text: strongly

text: called

text: upon

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: to

text: end

text: its

text: systematic

text: violations

text: of

text: human

text: rights

text: In

text: January

text: Russia

text: and

text: China

text: vetoed

text: a

text: draft

text: resolution

text: before

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: calling

text: on

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: to

text: respect

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: begin

text: a

text: democratic

text: transition

text: South

text: Africa

text: also

text: voted

text: against

text: the

text: resolution

question: What did the United adopt in reference to Burma annually until 2005 ?

answer: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus.

text: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus.

question: What occurred in the United Nations general convening in 2006 ?

answer: voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights.

text: voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights.

question: What did China and Russia both do in 2008 ?

answer: vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar

text: vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar

question: What other countries were in disagreement with the United Nations decision on Burma ?

answer: South Africa

text: South Africa


text: Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: Following

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: for

text: a

text: brief

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: Armenia

text: was

text: an

text: independent

text: republic

text: In

text: late

text: the

text: communists

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: following

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Armenia

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: and

text: in

text: Armenia

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Transcaucasian

text: SFSR

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: later

text: forming

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: to

text: September

text: In

text: Armenia

text: declared

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: second

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

question: What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920?

answer: independent republic

text: independent republic

question: When did communists take over Armenia?

answer: late 1920

text: late 1920

question: Who invaded Armenia in 1920?

answer: the Red Army

text: the Red Army

question: What part of the USSR did Armenia join?

answer: the Transcaucasian SFSR

text: the Transcaucasian SFSR

question: When did Armenia leave the USSR?

answer: 1991

question: When was the Red Army part of an independent republic after the Russian Empire breakup?

text: from 1918 to 1920

question: Who invaded Russia in 1920?

text: the Red Army

question: When did Russia become independent from the USSR?

text: In 1991

question: When did the Russian Empire come to power and invade the Transcaucasian SFSR?

question: What part of the Red Army did the communists join in 1991?

text: the Transcaucasian SFSR


text: Websites and online media companies in or near the city include All Media Guide, the Weather Underground, and Zattoo. Ann Arbor is the home to Internet2 and the Merit Network, a not-for-profit research and education computer network. Both are located in the South State Commons 2 building on South State Street, which once housed the Michigan Information Technology Center Foundation. The city is also home to the headquarters of Google's AdWords program—the company's primary revenue stream. The recent surge in companies operating in Ann Arbor has led to a decrease in its office and flex space vacancy rates. As of 31 December 2012, the total market vacancy rate for office and flex space is 11.80%, a 1.40% decrease in vacancy from one year previous, and the lowest overall vacancy level since 2003. The office vacancy rate decreased to 10.65% in 2012 from 12.08% in 2011, while the flex vacancy rate decreased slightly more, with a drop from 16.50% to 15.02%.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Websites

text: and

text: online

text: media

text: companies

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: All

text: Media

text: Guide

text: the

text: Weather

text: Underground

text: and

text: Zattoo

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: Merit

text: Network

text: a

text: not

text: for

text: profit

text: research

text: and

text: education

text: computer

text: network

text: Both

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: State

text: Commons

text: building

text: on

text: South

text: State

text: Street

text: which

text: once

text: housed

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Information

text: Technology

text: Center

text: Foundation

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Google

text: 's

text: AdWords

text: program

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: primary

text: revenue

text: stream

text: The

text: recent

text: surge

text: in

text: companies

text: operating

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: its

text: office

text: and

text: flex

text: space

text: vacancy

text: rates

text: As

text: of

text: December

text: the

text: total

text: market

text: vacancy

text: rate

text: for

text: office

text: and

text: flex

text: space

text: is

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: vacancy

text: from

text: one

text: year

text: previous

text: and

text: the

text: lowest

text: overall

text: vacancy

text: level

text: since

text: The

text: office

text: vacancy

text: rate

text: decreased

text: to

text: in

text: from

text: in

text: while

text: the

text: flex

text: vacancy

text: rate

text: decreased

text: slightly

text: more

text: with

text: a

text: drop

text: from

text: to

question: Which company's adwords program is headquartered at Ann Arbor?

answer: Google

text: Google

question: Name some website or media companies located in Ann Arbor.

answer: All Media Guide, the Weather Underground, and Zattoo

text: All Media Guide, the Weather Underground, and Zattoo

question: What company is Merit network?

answer: education computer network

text: education computer network

question: On December 13, 2012 what was the total market vacancy rate?

question: What year did the flex vacancy rate drop to 15.20%?

question: What year was the office vacancy rate 12.80%?

question: What year was the flex vacancy rate at 16.05%?

question: What city is home to the headquarters of Zattoo's AdWords program?

text: Ann Arbor


text: The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory kindergarten, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school where the pupils are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower secondary pupils may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: Canton

text: of

text: Bern

text: school

text: system

text: provides

text: one

text: year

text: of

text: non

text: obligatory

text: kindergarten

text: followed

text: by

text: six

text: years

text: of

text: primary

text: school

text: This

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: three

text: years

text: of

text: obligatory

text: lower

text: secondary

text: school

text: where

text: the

text: pupils

text: are

text: separated

text: according

text: to

text: ability

text: and

text: aptitude

text: Following

text: the

text: lower

text: secondary

text: pupils

text: may

text: attend

text: additional

text: schooling

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: enter

text: an

text: apprenticeship

question: Do you have to go to the one year of kindergarten?

answer: non

text: non

question: What seperates the children in secondary school?

answer: ability and aptitude

text: ability and aptitude


text: Pain is usually transitory, lasting only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage or pathology has healed, but some painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cancer and idiopathic pain, may persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called chronic or persistent, and pain that resolves quickly is called acute. Traditionally, the distinction between acute and chronic pain has relied upon an arbitrary interval of time from onset; the two most commonly used markers being 3 months and 6 months since the onset of pain, though some theorists and researchers have placed the transition from acute to chronic pain at 12 months.:93 Others apply acute to pain that lasts less than 30 days, chronic to pain of more than six months' duration, and subacute to pain that lasts from one to six months. A popular alternative definition of chronic pain, involving no arbitrarily fixed durations, is "pain that extends beyond the expected period of healing". Chronic pain may be classified as cancer pain or else as benign.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Pain

text: is

text: usually

text: transitory

text: lasting

text: only

text: until

text: the

text: noxious

text: stimulus

text: is

text: removed

text: or

text: the

text: underlying

text: damage

text: or

text: pathology

text: has

text: healed

text: but

text: some

text: painful

text: conditions

text: such

text: as

text: rheumatoid

text: arthritis

text: peripheral

text: neuropathy

text: cancer

text: and

text: idiopathic

text: pain

text: may

text: persist

text: for

text: years

text: Pain

text: that

text: lasts

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: is

text: called

text: chronic

text: or

text: persistent

text: and

text: pain

text: that

text: resolves

text: quickly

text: is

text: called

text: acute

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: acute

text: and

text: chronic

text: pain

text: has

text: relied

text: upon

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: interval

text: of

text: time

text: from

text: onset

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: markers

text: being

text: months

text: and

text: months

text: since

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: pain

text: though

text: some

text: theorists

text: and

text: researchers

text: have

text: placed

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: acute

text: to

text: chronic

text: pain

text: at

text: Others

text: apply

text: acute

text: to

text: pain

text: that

text: lasts

text: less

text: than

text: days

text: chronic

text: to

text: pain

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: six

text: months

text: duration

text: and

text: subacute

text: to

text: pain

text: that

text: lasts

text: from

text: one

text: to

text: six

text: months

text: A

text: popular

text: alternative

text: definition

text: of

text: chronic

text: pain

text: involving

text: no

text: arbitrarily

text: fixed

text: durations

text: is

text: pain

text: that

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: expected

text: period

text: of

text: healing

text: Chronic

text: pain

text: may

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: cancer

text: pain

text: or

text: else

text: as

text: benign

question: What is usually temporary?

answer: Pain

text: Pain

question: How long does pain tend to last?

answer: only until the noxious stimulus is removed

text: only until the noxious stimulus is removed

question: What is pain which resolves quickly called?

answer: acute

text: acute

question: What has the distinction between acute and chronic pain been arbitrarily measured by?

answer: interval of time from onset

text: interval of time from onset

question: What might chronic pain sometimes be referred to as?

answer: cancer pain

text: cancer pain

question: What types of transitory pain persist for years?

question: What is acute pain lasting a long time called?

text: chronic or persistent,

question: How many months does acute pain last?

text: 12 months

question: What is a popular definition that used an arbitrarily fixed duration of time?


text: Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes. In recent years, official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Hoot, Kowsar, Zelzal, Fateh-110, Shahab-3 and Sejjil missiles, and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile, it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Since

text: the

text: Revolution

text: to

text: overcome

text: foreign

text: embargoes

text: Iran

text: has

text: developed

text: its

text: own

text: military

text: industry

text: produced

text: its

text: own

text: tanks

text: armored

text: personnel

text: carriers

text: guided

text: missiles

text: submarines

text: military

text: vessels

text: guided

text: missile

text: destroyer

text: radar

text: systems

text: helicopters

text: and

text: fighter

text: planes

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: official

text: announcements

text: have

text: highlighted

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: weapons

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Hoot

text: Kowsar

text: Zelzal

text: and

text: Sejjil

text: missiles

text: and

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: unmanned

text: aerial

text: vehicles

text: UAVs

text: The

text: MIRV

text: is

text: currently

text: Iran

text: 's

text: most

text: advanced

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: liquid

text: fuel

text: missile

text: with

text: an

text: undisclosed

text: range

text: which

text: was

text: developed

text: and

text: produced

text: domestically

question: What is Iran's most advanced missile?

answer: The Fajr-3 (MIRV)

text: The Fajr-3 (MIRV)

question: Since when has Iran developed its domestic military infrastructure?

answer: 1979 Revolution

text: 1979 Revolution

question: Why did Iran have to build its own military hardware, vehicles, and weapons after the 1979 Revolution?

answer: foreign embargoes

text: foreign embargoes

question: The Fajr-3 missile uses what type of propulsion system?

answer: liquid fuel

text: liquid fuel


text: Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Literature

text: consists

text: of

text: written

text: productions

text: often

text: restricted

text: to

text: those

text: deemed

text: to

text: have

text: artistic

text: or

text: intellectual

text: value

text: Its

text: Latin

text: root

text: literatura

text: litteratura

text: derived

text: itself

text: from

text: littera

text: letter

text: or

text: handwriting

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: all

text: written

text: accounts

text: but

text: intertwined

text: with

text: the

text: roman

text: concept

text: of

text: cultura

text: learning

text: or

text: cultivation

text: Literature

text: often

text: uses

text: language

text: differently

text: than

text: ordinary

text: language

text: see

text: literariness

text: Literature

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: fiction

text: or

text: non

text: fiction

text: and

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: poetry

text: or

text: prose

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: distinguished

text: according

text: to

text: major

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: novel

text: short

text: story

text: or

text: drama

text: and

text: works

text: are

text: often

text: categorised

text: according

text: to

text: historical

text: periods

text: or

text: their

text: adherence

text: to

text: certain

text: aesthetic

text: features

text: or

text: expectations

text: genre

question: What two key elements that distinguish literature as a written form of art?

answer: deemed to have artistic or intellectual value

text: deemed to have artistic or intellectual value

question: What are two major divisions of literature?

answer: fiction or non-fiction

text: fiction or non-fiction

question: Besides this major division, what are two other sub-divisions to describe literature?

answer: poetry or prose

text: poetry or prose

question: Prose literature can be sub-divided into what formats?

answer: the novel, short story or drama

text: the novel, short story or drama

question: What words are the Latin roots of the word "literature?"

answer: literatura/litteratura

text: literatura/litteratura

question: What are the two Greek roots for "literature?"

text: Its Latin root literatura/litteratura

question: What are two major divisions of English?

text: fiction or non-fiction

question: What does art consist of?

question: What is it called when literature often uses different languages?

text: literariness

question: What is the Italian concept of cultura?

text: learning or cultivation

question: What is it called when works are not categorized by historical periods?

text: genre

question: Other than novella, what is the other subdivisions of prose literature?

text: short story or drama

question: What is literature as written productions always restricted to?

question: What is the Roman root for "literature?"

text: literatura/litteratura

question: What is the Latin concept of cultura?

text: learning or cultivation

question: Besides historical genres, how are works often categorized?


text: While H2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements. Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge. When bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, hydrogen can participate in a form of medium-strength noncovalent bonding with other similar molecules between their hydrogens called hydrogen bonding, which is critical to the stability of many biological molecules. Hydrogen also forms compounds with less electronegative elements, such as the metals and metalloids, in which it takes on a partial negative charge. These compounds are often known as hydrides.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: While

text: is

text: not

text: very

text: reactive

text: under

text: standard

text: conditions

text: it

text: does

text: form

text: compounds

text: with

text: most

text: elements

text: Hydrogen

text: can

text: form

text: compounds

text: with

text: elements

text: that

text: are

text: more

text: electronegative

text: such

text: as

text: halogens

text: e.g.

text: F

text: Cl

text: Br

text: I

text: or

text: oxygen

text: in

text: these

text: compounds

text: hydrogen

text: takes

text: on

text: a

text: partial

text: positive

text: charge

text: When

text: bonded

text: to

text: fluorine

text: oxygen

text: or

text: nitrogen

text: hydrogen

text: can

text: participate

text: in

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: medium

text: strength

text: noncovalent

text: bonding

text: with

text: other

text: similar

text: molecules

text: between

text: their

text: hydrogens

text: called

text: hydrogen

text: bonding

text: which

text: is

text: critical

text: to

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: many

text: biological

text: molecules

text: Hydrogen

text: also

text: forms

text: compounds

text: with

text: less

text: electronegative

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: metals

text: and

text: metalloids

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: takes

text: on

text: a

text: partial

text: negative

text: charge

text: These

text: compounds

text: are

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: hydrides

question: What ind of charge does hydrogen take when mixed with electronegative particles?

answer: positive charge

text: positive charge

question: What type of charge does hydrogen take when combined with a metal?

answer: negative

text: negative

question: When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called?

answer: hydrides

text: hydrides

question: Is H2 reactive in standard conditions?

answer: not

text: not


text: Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. The city is also home to several art museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. The Institute of Contemporary Art is housed in a contemporary building designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in the Seaport District. The University of Massachusetts Boston campus on Columbia Point houses the John F. Kennedy Library. The Boston Athenaeum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States), Boston Children's Museum, Bull & Finch Pub (whose building is known from the television show Cheers), Museum of Science, and the New England Aquarium are within the city.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: prominent

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: several

text: historic

text: sites

text: relating

text: to

text: that

text: period

text: are

text: preserved

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Boston

text: National

text: Historical

text: Park

text: Many

text: are

text: found

text: along

text: the

text: Freedom

text: Trail

text: which

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: a

text: red

text: line

text: of

text: bricks

text: embedded

text: in

text: the

text: ground

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: art

text: museums

text: including

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: and

text: the

text: Isabella

text: Stewart

text: Gardner

text: Museum

text: The

text: Institute

text: of

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: is

text: housed

text: in

text: a

text: contemporary

text: building

text: designed

text: by

text: Diller

text: Scofidio

text: Renfro

text: in

text: the

text: Seaport

text: District

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: Boston

text: campus

text: on

text: Columbia

text: Point

text: houses

text: the

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: Library

text: The

text: Boston

text: Athenaeum

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: independent

text: libraries

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Boston

text: Children

text: 's

text: Museum

text: Bull

text: Finch

text: Pub

text: whose

text: building

text: is

text: known

text: from

text: the

text: television

text: show

text: Cheers

text: Museum

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: Aquarium

text: are

text: within

text: the

text: city

question: What is preserved in the Boston national Historical Park?

answer: several historic sites

text: several historic sites

question: What is marked by a line of red bricks in the ground?

answer: the Freedom Trail

text: the Freedom Trail

question: Where is the institute of contemporary Art located?

answer: in the Seaport District

text: in the Seaport District

question: What is one of the oldest libraries in the US?

answer: The Boston Athenaeum

text: The Boston Athenaeum

question: Where is the New England Aquarium located?

answer: within the city

text: within the city


text: In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the "effectual truth" instead. Their contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) said, "If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down, then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings."

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: renaissance

text: various

text: writers

text: began

text: to

text: question

text: the

text: medieval

text: and

text: classical

text: understanding

text: of

text: knowledge

text: acquisition

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: fundamental

text: way

text: In

text: political

text: and

text: historical

text: writing

text: Niccolò

text: Machiavelli

text: and

text: his

text: friend

text: Francesco

text: Guicciardini

text: initiated

text: a

text: new

text: realistic

text: style

text: of

text: writing

text: Machiavelli

text: in

text: particular

text: was

text: scornful

text: of

text: writers

text: on

text: politics

text: who

text: judged

text: everything

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: mental

text: ideals

text: and

text: demanded

text: that

text: people

text: should

text: study

text: the

text: effectual

text: truth

text: instead

text: Their

text: contemporary

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: said

text: If

text: you

text: find

text: from

text: your

text: own

text: experience

text: that

text: something

text: is

text: a

text: fact

text: and

text: it

text: contradicts

text: what

text: some

text: authority

text: has

text: written

text: down

text: then

text: you

text: must

text: abandon

text: the

text: authority

text: and

text: base

text: your

text: reasoning

text: on

text: your

text: own

text: findings

question: When was da Vinci born?

answer: 1452

question: When did da Vinci die?

answer: 1519

question: What did renaissance writers question?

answer: the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition

text: the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition

question: Who did Machiavelli disdain?

answer: writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals

text: writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals

question: What did da Vinci advise when your experience contradicted authority?

answer: abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings

text: abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings

question: When did Niccolo Machiavelli live?

question: Who judged everything according to mental ideals?

text: Machiavelli

question: What was Leonardo da Vinci most famous for?

text: political and historical writing

question: Who said you must base your reasoning on authority rather than your own findings?

text: Leonardo da Vinci

question: When was Francesco Guicciardini born?


text: Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest "the rotation of the heavens and the flow of rivers" and make "austere old men blaze with illicit passions". She and her clients are portrayed as undermining the natural order of gods, mankind and destiny. A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Lucan

text: depicts

text: Sextus

text: Pompeius

text: the

text: doomed

text: son

text: of

text: Pompey

text: the

text: Great

text: as

text: convinced

text: the

text: gods

text: of

text: heaven

text: knew

text: too

text: little

text: and

text: awaiting

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Pharsalus

text: by

text: consulting

text: with

text: the

text: Thessalian

text: witch

text: Erichtho

text: who

text: practices

text: necromancy

text: and

text: inhabits

text: deserted

text: graves

text: feeding

text: on

text: rotting

text: corpses

text: Erichtho

text: it

text: is

text: said

text: can

text: arrest

text: the

text: rotation

text: of

text: the

text: heavens

text: and

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: rivers

text: and

text: make

text: austere

text: old

text: men

text: blaze

text: with

text: illicit

text: passions

text: She

text: and

text: her

text: clients

text: are

text: portrayed

text: as

text: undermining

text: the

text: natural

text: order

text: of

text: gods

text: mankind

text: and

text: destiny

text: A

text: female

text: foreigner

text: from

text: Thessaly

text: notorious

text: for

text: witchcraft

text: Erichtho

text: is

text: the

text: stereotypical

text: witch

text: of

text: Latin

text: literature

text: along

text: with

text: Horace

text: 's

text: Canidia

question: Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus?

answer: Sextus Pompeius

text: Sextus Pompeius

question: What witch was reputed to be able to stop the rotation of the heavens?

answer: Erichtho

text: Erichtho

question: What natural order was Erichtho accused of undermining?

answer: order of gods

text: order of gods

question: How was Erichtho portrayed?

answer: stereotypical witch

text: stereotypical witch

question: From what country did Erichtho come?

answer: Thessaly

text: Thessaly


text: In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more rapid the growth or the wider the rings of growth, the heavier, harder, stronger, and stiffer the wood. This, it must be remembered, applies only to ring-porous woods such as oak, ash, hickory, and others of the same group, and is, of course, subject to some exceptions and limitations.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: porous

text: hardwoods

text: there

text: seems

text: to

text: exist

text: a

text: pretty

text: definite

text: relation

text: between

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: growth

text: of

text: timber

text: and

text: its

text: properties

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: briefly

text: summed

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: statement

text: that

text: the

text: more

text: rapid

text: the

text: growth

text: or

text: the

text: wider

text: the

text: rings

text: of

text: growth

text: the

text: heavier

text: harder

text: stronger

text: and

text: stiffer

text: the

text: wood

text: This

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: remembered

text: applies

text: only

text: to

text: ring

text: porous

text: woods

text: such

text: as

text: oak

text: ash

text: hickory

text: and

text: others

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: group

text: and

text: is

text: of

text: course

text: subject

text: to

text: some

text: exceptions

text: and

text: limitations

question: Ring-porous hardwoods have a clear relationship between their properties and what other factor?

answer: rate of growth

text: rate of growth

question: Is harder, heavier wood indicated by narrower or wider growth rings?

answer: wider

text: wider

question: What kind of wood with a name that starts with "H" is a ring-porous hardwood?

answer: hickory

text: hickory

question: If the growth rings are wider, was the growth of the tree slower or more rapid?

answer: more rapid

text: more rapid

question: What is the only kind of wood that will definitely be harder and stronger when it grows faster?

answer: ring-porous

text: ring-porous


text: Arab nationalists led by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser refused to recognize Israel, and called for its destruction. By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces. In May 1967, Egypt massed its army near the border with Israel, expelled UN peacekeepers, stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1957, and blocked Israel's access to the Red Sea[citation needed]. Other Arab states mobilized their forces. Israel reiterated that these actions were a casus belli. On 5 June 1967, Israel launched a pre-emptive strike against Egypt. Jordan, Syria and Iraq responded and attacked Israel. In a Six-Day War, Israel defeated Jordan and captured the West Bank, defeated Egypt and captured the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, and defeated Syria and captured the Golan Heights. Jerusalem's boundaries were enlarged, incorporating East Jerusalem, and the 1949 Green Line became the administrative boundary between Israel and the occupied territories.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Arab

text: nationalists

text: led

text: by

text: Egyptian

text: President

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: refused

text: to

text: recognize

text: Israel

text: and

text: called

text: for

text: its

text: destruction

text: By

text: Israeli

text: Arab

text: relations

text: had

text: deteriorated

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: actual

text: battles

text: taking

text: place

text: between

text: Israeli

text: and

text: Arab

text: forces

text: In

text: May

text: Egypt

text: massed

text: its

text: army

text: near

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Israel

text: expelled

text: UN

text: peacekeepers

text: stationed

text: in

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: since

text: and

text: blocked

text: Israel

text: 's

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea[citation

text: needed

text: Other

text: Arab

text: states

text: mobilized

text: their

text: forces

text: Israel

text: reiterated

text: that

text: these

text: actions

text: were

text: a

text: casus

text: belli

text: On

text: June

text: Israel

text: launched

text: a

text: pre

text: emptive

text: strike

text: against

text: Egypt

text: Jordan

text: Syria

text: and

text: Iraq

text: responded

text: and

text: attacked

text: Israel

text: In

text: a

text: Six

text: Day

text: War

text: Israel

text: defeated

text: Jordan

text: and

text: captured

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: defeated

text: Egypt

text: and

text: captured

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: defeated

text: Syria

text: and

text: captured

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: Jerusalem

text: 's

text: boundaries

text: were

text: enlarged

text: incorporating

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: the

text: Green

text: Line

text: became

text: the

text: administrative

text: boundary

text: between

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: occupied

text: territories

question: Who refused toe recognize Israel?

answer: Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser

text: Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser

question: When did Egypt mass it's army near the border with Israel?

answer: 1967

question: What became the administrative boundary between Israel and occupied territories?

answer: Green Line

text: Green Line


text: There is little consensus on the precise beginning of the Age of Enlightenment; the beginning of the 18th century (1701) or the middle of the 17th century (1650) are often used as epochs. French historians usually place the period, called the Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments), between 1715 and 1789, from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution. If taken back to the mid-17th century, the Enlightenment would trace its origins to Descartes' Discourse on Method, published in 1637. In France, many cited the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica in 1687. It is argued by several historians and philosophers that the beginning of the Enlightenment is when Descartes shifted the epistemological basis from external authority to internal certainty by his cogito ergo sum published in 1637. As to its end, most scholars use the last years of the century, often choosing the French Revolution of 1789 or the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1804–15) as a convenient point in time with which to date the end of the Enlightenment.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: There

text: is

text: little

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: precise

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: or

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: epochs

text: French

text: historians

text: usually

text: place

text: the

text: period

text: called

text: the

text: Siècle

text: des

text: Lumières

text: Century

text: of

text: Enlightenments

text: between

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Louis

text: XV

text: until

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: If

text: taken

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: would

text: trace

text: its

text: origins

text: to

text: Descartes

text: Discourse

text: on

text: Method

text: published

text: in

text: In

text: France

text: many

text: cited

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: 's

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: argued

text: by

text: several

text: historians

text: and

text: philosophers

text: that

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: is

text: when

text: Descartes

text: shifted

text: the

text: epistemological

text: basis

text: from

text: external

text: authority

text: to

text: internal

text: certainty

text: by

text: his

text: cogito

text: ergo

text: sum

text: published

text: in

text: As

text: to

text: its

text: end

text: most

text: scholars

text: use

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: often

text: choosing

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: of

text: or

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: as

text: a

text: convenient

text: point

text: in

text: time

text: with

text: which

text: to

text: date

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

question: Most scholars use the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars or which other battle as a convenient date to end the Enlightenment?

answer: French Revolution

text: French Revolution

question: French historians generally use the beginning of which King's reign to date the start of the Enlightenment?

answer: Louis XV

text: Louis XV

question: What do French historians commonly call the Age of Enlightenment?

answer: Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments)

text: Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments)

question: In what year was Descartes' Discourse on Method published?

answer: 1637

question: In what year was Issaac Newton's Principia Mathematica published?

answer: 1687


text: It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: It

text: was

text: temporarily

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: empire

text: and

text: Chinese

text: from

text: and

text: then

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: in

text: The

text: Samanid

text: Empire

text: to

text: restored

text: Persian

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: enlarged

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Samarkand

text: and

text: Bukhara

text: both

text: cities

text: are

text: today

text: part

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: cultural

text: centers

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Khorasan

text: The

text: Kara

text: Khanid

text: Khanate

text: conquered

text: Transoxania

text: which

text: corresponds

text: approximately

text: with

text: modern

text: day

text: Uzbekistan

text: Tajikistan

text: southern

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: southwest

text: Kazakhstan

text: and

text: ruled

text: between

text: Their

text: arrival

text: in

text: Transoxania

text: signaled

text: a

text: definitive

text: shift

text: from

text: Iranian

text: to

text: Turkic

text: predominance

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: but

text: gradually

text: the

text: Kara

text: khanids

text: became

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: Perso

text: Arab

text: Muslim

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: region

question: When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?

answer: 650–680

question: Who took control of the regin in 710?

answer: Umayyads

text: Umayyads

question: Who restored Persian control of the region?

answer: The Samanid Empire,

text: The Samanid Empire,

question: What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran?

answer: Khorasan

text: Khorasan

question: When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese?

answer: 650–680

question: When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?

answer: 710

question: Who conquered Tansaxania?

answer: The Kara-Khanid Khanate

text: The Kara-Khanid Khanate

question: When did the Samanid Empire rule the land?

answer: The Samanid Empire

text: The Samanid Empire

question: Who restored Polish control of the region?

text: The Samanid Empire

question: Whose arrival in Texas signaled a definite shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance?

text: The Kara-Khanid Khanate

question: Who ruled between 1999-1211?

text: The Kara-Khanid Khanate

question: Who shrunk the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara?

text: The Samanid Empire

question: Who was temporarily under control of the Turkish empire?

text: Tajikistan


text: A month after the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, several players from Barcelona enlisted in the ranks of those who fought against the military uprising, along with players from Athletic Bilbao. On 6 August, Falangist soldiers near Guadarrama murdered club president Josep Sunyol, a representative of the pro-independence political party. He was dubbed the martyr of barcelonisme, and his murder was a defining moment in the history of FC Barcelona and Catalan identity. In the summer of 1937, the squad was on tour in Mexico and the United States, where it was received as an ambassador of the Second Spanish Republic. The tour led to the financial security of the club, but also resulted in half of the team seeking asylum in Mexico and France, making it harder for the remaining team to contest for trophies.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: A

text: month

text: after

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Civil

text: War

text: began

text: in

text: several

text: players

text: from

text: Barcelona

text: enlisted

text: in

text: the

text: ranks

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: military

text: uprising

text: along

text: with

text: players

text: from

text: Athletic

text: Bilbao

text: On

text: August

text: Falangist

text: soldiers

text: near

text: Guadarrama

text: murdered

text: club

text: president

text: Josep

text: Sunyol

text: a

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: pro

text: independence

text: political

text: party

text: He

text: was

text: dubbed

text: the

text: martyr

text: of

text: barcelonisme

text: and

text: his

text: murder

text: was

text: a

text: defining

text: moment

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: FC

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: Catalan

text: identity

text: In

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: the

text: squad

text: was

text: on

text: tour

text: in

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: received

text: as

text: an

text: ambassador

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Spanish

text: Republic

text: The

text: tour

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: financial

text: security

text: of

text: the

text: club

text: but

text: also

text: resulted

text: in

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: seeking

text: asylum

text: in

text: Mexico

text: and

text: France

text: making

text: it

text: harder

text: for

text: the

text: remaining

text: team

text: to

text: contest

text: for

text: trophies

question: Who was murdered on 6 August, 1936?

answer: Josep Sunyol

text: Josep Sunyol

question: Besides being club president, what was Sunyol involved in to have caused his murder?

answer: pro-independence political party

text: pro-independence political party

question: What was Sunyol called after his death?

answer: martyr

text: martyr

question: What was club Barcelona considered to represent when on tour in 1937?

answer: Second Spanish Republic

text: Second Spanish Republic

question: Where did half of the Barcelona team seek asylum in 1937?

answer: Mexico and France

text: Mexico and France


text: The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—"Messianic Jews").

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: The

text: identification

text: of

text: Jesus

text: as

text: the

text: Messiah

text: is

text: not

text: accepted

text: by

text: Judaism

text: The

text: term

text: for

text: a

text: Christian

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: is

text: נוּצְרי

text: Notzri—"Nazarene

text: a

text: Talmudic

text: term

text: originally

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Jesus

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: Galilean

text: village

text: of

text: Nazareth

text: today

text: in

text: northern

text: Israel

text: Adherents

text: of

text: Messianic

text: Judaism

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: modern

text: Hebrew

text: as

text: יְהוּדִים

text: מָשִׁיחַיים

text: Yehudim

text: Meshihi'im—"Messianic

text: Jews

question: Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?

answer: Messiah

text: Messiah

question: What village did Jesus come from?

answer: Galilean village

text: Galilean village

question: Where was the Galilean village?

answer: Nazareth

text: Nazareth

question: Where is Nazareth located?

answer: northern Israel

text: northern Israel

question: Who does Judaism accept as the Messiah?

text: Jesus

question: What is the term for Christian in the Galilean village?

text: Nazarene

question: Which religion agrees that Jesus is the Messiah?

text: Judaism

question: Which religion does not accept Yehudim as the Messiah?

text: Judaism

question: Which religion does not accept Notzri as the Messiah?

text: Judaism


text: In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference. The following year, it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie. In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate, and part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the independent kingdoms of what would become Nigeria fought a number of conflicts against the British Empire's efforts to expand its territory. By war, the British conquered Benin in 1897, and, in the Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902), defeated other opponents. The restraint or conquest of these states opened up the Niger area to British rule.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: In

text: British

text: claims

text: to

text: a

text: West

text: African

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: received

text: recognition

text: from

text: other

text: European

text: nations

text: at

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Conference

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: it

text: chartered

text: the

text: Royal

text: Niger

text: Company

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Sir

text: George

text: Taubman

text: Goldie

text: In

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: territory

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: which

text: moved

text: to

text: consolidate

text: its

text: hold

text: over

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: modern

text: Nigeria

text: On

text: January

text: Nigeria

text: became

text: a

text: British

text: protectorate

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: the

text: foremost

text: world

text: power

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: the

text: independent

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: what

text: would

text: become

text: Nigeria

text: fought

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: conflicts

text: against

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: expand

text: its

text: territory

text: By

text: war

text: the

text: British

text: conquered

text: Benin

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Aro

text: War

text: defeated

text: other

text: opponents

text: The

text: restraint

text: or

text: conquest

text: of

text: these

text: states

text: opened

text: up

text: the

text: Niger

text: area

text: to

text: British

text: rule

question: Where was Britain's claim to West Africa recognized in 1885?

answer: the Berlin Conference

text: the Berlin Conference

question: What company was led by Sir George Taubman Goldie?

answer: Royal Niger Company

text: Royal Niger Company

question: When did the British government take over the Royal Niger Company's territory?

answer: 1900

question: When did Nigeria become a British protectorate?

answer: 1 January 1901

text: 1 January 1901

question: Which country did Britain conquer in 1897?

answer: Benin

text: Benin


title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: In

text: mid

text: the

text: Foundation

text: announced

text: in

text: its

text: new

text: Water

text: Sanitation

text: Hygiene

text: Strategy

text: Overview

text: that

text: its

text: funding

text: now

text: focuses

text: primarily

text: on

text: sanitation

text: particularly

text: in

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: and

text: South

text: Asia

text: because

text: access

text: to

text: improved

text: sanitation

text: is

text: lowest

text: in

text: those

text: regions

text: Their

text: grant

text: making

text: focus

text: has

text: been

text: since

text: on

text: sanitation

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: transformative

text: technologies

text: delivery

text: models

text: at

text: scale

text: urban

text: sanitation

text: markets

text: building

text: demand

text: for

text: sanitation

text: measurement

text: and

text: evaluation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: policy

text: advocacy

text: and

text: communications

question: What did the foundation announce in 2011

answer: In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview"

text: In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview"

question: What is the purpose of the new overview

answer: funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions

text: funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions

question: What has been the focus since 2011

answer: Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies")

text: Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies")

question: What models have been delivered

answer: delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications

text: delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications

question: What did the transformative technologies announce in 2011?

text: its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview

question: What is the purpose of funding the new technology?

text: funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions

question: What advocacy policies have been delivered?

text: delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications.

question: Where is communication lowest in the region?

text: sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

question: What year has the grant making focus been on funding?


text: Glacial abrasion is commonly characterized by glacial striations. Glaciers produce these when they contain large boulders that carve long scratches in the bedrock. By mapping the direction of the striations, researchers can determine the direction of the glacier's movement. Similar to striations are chatter marks, lines of crescent-shape depressions in the rock underlying a glacier. They are formed by abrasion when boulders in the glacier are repeatedly caught and released as they are dragged along the bedrock.

title: Glacier

title: Glacier

text: Glacial

text: abrasion

text: is

text: commonly

text: characterized

text: by

text: glacial

text: striations

text: Glaciers

text: produce

text: these

text: when

text: they

text: contain

text: large

text: boulders

text: that

text: carve

text: long

text: scratches

text: in

text: the

text: bedrock

text: By

text: mapping

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: striations

text: researchers

text: can

text: determine

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: glacier

text: 's

text: movement

text: Similar

text: to

text: striations

text: are

text: chatter

text: marks

text: lines

text: of

text: crescent

text: shape

text: depressions

text: in

text: the

text: rock

text: underlying

text: a

text: glacier

text: They

text: are

text: formed

text: by

text: abrasion

text: when

text: boulders

text: in

text: the

text: glacier

text: are

text: repeatedly

text: caught

text: and

text: released

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: dragged

text: along

text: the

text: bedrock

question: What cause glacial stiations?

answer: large boulders that carve long scratches in the bedrock

text: large boulders that carve long scratches in the bedrock

question: What can scientists deduct from the direction of the striations?

answer: direction of the glacier's movement

text: direction of the glacier's movement

question: What are chatter marks?

answer: lines of crescent-shape depressions in the rock underlying a glacier

text: lines of crescent-shape depressions in the rock underlying a glacier

question: How are chatter marks formed?

answer: abrasion when boulders in the glacier are repeatedly caught and released

text: abrasion when boulders in the glacier are repeatedly caught and released

question: What charactrerizes glacial striations?

text: Glacial abrasion

question: What is formed when glaciers lack boulders?

text: Glacial abrasion

question: What helps scientists determine the speed of a glacier?

text: the direction of the striations,

question: What is formed when glaciers crush boulders?

text: chatter marks