text: While Old Czech had a basic alphabet from which a general set of orthographical correspondences was drawn, it did not have a standard orthography. It also contained a number of sound clusters which no longer exist; allowing ě (/jɛ/) after soft consonants, which has since shifted to e (/ɛ/), and allowing complex consonant clusters to be pronounced all at once rather than syllabically. A phonological phenomenon, Havlik's law (which began in Proto-Slavic and took various forms in other Slavic languages), appeared in Old Czech; counting backwards from the end of a clause, every odd-numbered yer was vocalized as a vowel, while the other yers disappeared.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: While

text: Old

text: Czech

text: had

text: a

text: basic

text: alphabet

text: from

text: which

text: a

text: general

text: set

text: of

text: orthographical

text: correspondences

text: was

text: drawn

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: standard

text: orthography

text: It

text: also

text: contained

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: sound

text: clusters

text: which

text: no

text: longer

text: exist

text: allowing

text: ě

text: /jɛ/

text: after

text: soft

text: consonants

text: which

text: has

text: since

text: shifted

text: to

text: e

text: /ɛ/

text: and

text: allowing

text: complex

text: consonant

text: clusters

text: to

text: be

text: pronounced

text: all

text: at

text: once

text: rather

text: than

text: syllabically

text: A

text: phonological

text: phenomenon

text: Havlik

text: 's

text: law

text: which

text: began

text: in

text: Proto

text: Slavic

text: and

text: took

text: various

text: forms

text: in

text: other

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: appeared

text: in

text: Old

text: Czech

text: counting

text: backwards

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: clause

text: every

text: odd

text: numbered

text: yer

text: was

text: vocalized

text: as

text: a

text: vowel

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: yers

text: disappeared

question: What type of orthography did Old Czech lack?

answer: standard

text: standard

question: Why aren't some sound clusters used in modern Czech?

answer: no longer exist

text: no longer exist

question: How did old Czech allow some complex consonant clusters to be pronounced?

answer: all at once

text: all at once

question: What type of phenomenon is Havlik's law?

answer: phonological

text: phonological

question: Which "yer"s were vocalized as vowels?

answer: every odd-numbered

text: every odd-numbered

question: What law began in Old Czech?

text: Havlik's law

question: What kind of alphabet was in Proto-Slavic?

text: a basic alphabet

question: What did Proto-Slavic have that no longer exists?

text: a number of sound clusters

question: How did Proto-Slavic let complex consonant clusters to be pronounced?

text: all at once

question: What kind of orthography was missing from Proto-Slavic?

text: standard


text: At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry. As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, which worked three degrees with the same names as the men's but different content. The French officially abandoned the experiment in the early 19th century. Later organisations with a similar aim emerged in the United States, but distinguished the names of the degrees from those of male masonry.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: At

text: the

text: dawn

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: era

text: during

text: the

text: James

text: Anderson

text: composed

text: the

text: first

text: printed

text: constitutions

text: for

text: Freemasons

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: most

text: subsequent

text: constitutions

text: which

text: specifically

text: excluded

text: women

text: from

text: Freemasonry

text: As

text: Freemasonry

text: spread

text: continental

text: masons

text: began

text: to

text: include

text: their

text: ladies

text: in

text: Lodges

text: of

text: Adoption

text: which

text: worked

text: three

text: degrees

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: names

text: as

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: but

text: different

text: content

text: The

text: French

text: officially

text: abandoned

text: the

text: experiment

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Later

text: organisations

text: with

text: a

text: similar

text: aim

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: distinguished

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: degrees

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: male

text: masonry

question: When were the first constitutions for Freemasonry printed?

answer: during the 1720s

text: during the 1720s

question: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasonry?

answer: James Anderson

text: James Anderson

question: Which group was specifically excluded from Freemasonry in the printed constitutions?

answer: women

text: women

question: What was created for women as Freemasonry began to spread?

answer: Lodges of Adoption

text: Lodges of Adoption

question: When was the idea of the Lodges for Adoption abandoned?

answer: early 19th century

text: early 19th century

question: When was the dawn of the Grand Lodge era?

answer: during the 1720s

text: during the 1720s

question: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons?

answer: James Anderson

text: James Anderson

question: Who is excluded from Freemasonry?

answer: women

text: women

question: What were lodges called that included women?

answer: Lodges of Adoption

text: Lodges of Adoption

question: Who abandoned the including of women in Freemasonry experiment in the early 19'th century?

answer: The French

text: The French

question: When were the only constitutions for Freemasonry printed?

text: during the 1720s

question: Who decomposed the first printed constitutions for Freemasonry?

text: James Anderson

question: Which group was specifically unknown in Freemasonry in the printed constitutions?

text: women

question: What was banned for women as Freemasonry began to spread?

text: Lodges of Adoption

question: What were lodges called that included cats?

text: Lodges of Adoption


text: Hume divided all of human knowledge into two categories: relations of ideas and matters of fact (see also Kant's analytic-synthetic distinction). Mathematical and logical propositions (e.g. "that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two sides") are examples of the first, while propositions involving some contingent observation of the world (e.g. "the sun rises in the East") are examples of the second. All of people's "ideas", in turn, are derived from their "impressions". For Hume, an "impression" corresponds roughly with what we call a sensation. To remember or to imagine such impressions is to have an "idea". Ideas are therefore the faint copies of sensations.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: Hume

text: divided

text: all

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: into

text: two

text: categories

text: relations

text: of

text: ideas

text: and

text: matters

text: of

text: fact

text: see

text: also

text: Kant

text: 's

text: analytic

text: synthetic

text: distinction

text: Mathematical

text: and

text: logical

text: propositions

text: e.g.

text: that

text: the

text: square

text: of

text: the

text: hypotenuse

text: is

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: sum

text: of

text: the

text: squares

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: sides

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: while

text: propositions

text: involving

text: some

text: contingent

text: observation

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: e.g.

text: the

text: sun

text: rises

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: All

text: of

text: people

text: 's

text: ideas

text: in

text: turn

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: their

text: impressions

text: For

text: Hume

text: an

text: impression

text: corresponds

text: roughly

text: with

text: what

text: we

text: call

text: a

text: sensation

text: To

text: remember

text: or

text: to

text: imagine

text: such

text: impressions

text: is

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: idea

text: Ideas

text: are

text: therefore

text: the

text: faint

text: copies

text: of

text: sensations

question: What types of human knowledge did Hume say there are?

answer: relations of ideas and matters of fact

text: relations of ideas and matters of fact

question: What type of human knowledge is math?

answer: relations of ideas

text: relations of ideas

question: What type of human knowledge is observing the world?

answer: matters of fact

text: matters of fact

question: What type of human knowledge is "the sun rises in the East"?

answer: matters of fact

text: matters of fact

question: Where did Hume say people's ideas come from?

answer: their "impressions"

text: their "impressions"

question: How many categories did Kant divide the world into?

text: two

question: What would the incorrect phrase "the sun rises in the west" be?

text: matters of fact

question: Why are sensations considered copies of ideas?

question: What was the analytic-synthetic distinction?


text: According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic. The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities. Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditional Religion are also felt among many people, particularly in fields related with Traditional Chinese Medicine and African Witch Doctors. Some 6.8% of the population declared themselves to be non-religious, and 8.3% did not give any answer about their religion.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: population

text: are

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: small

text: Protestant

text: Latter

text: day

text: Saint

text: Muslim

text: Hindu

text: Sikh

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: Baha'i

text: Buddhist

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Spiritist

text: communities

text: Influences

text: from

text: African

text: Traditional

text: Religion

text: and

text: Chinese

text: Traditional

text: Religion

text: are

text: also

text: felt

text: among

text: many

text: people

text: particularly

text: in

text: fields

text: related

text: with

text: Traditional

text: Chinese

text: Medicine

text: and

text: African

text: Witch

text: Doctors

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: declared

text: themselves

text: to

text: be

text: non

text: religious

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: give

text: any

text: answer

text: about

text: their

text: religion

question: What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic?

answer: 81.0%

question: What other religious communities exist in Portugal?

answer: Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist

text: Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist

question: What percentage of the Portuguese people identify as non-religious?

answer: 6.8%

question: What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census?

answer: 8.3%


text: Menzies ran strongly against Labor's plans to nationalise the Australian banking system and, following victory in the 1949 election, secured a double dissolution election for April 1951, after the Labor-controlled Senate refused to pass his banking legislation. The Liberal-Country Coalition was returned with control of the Senate. The Government was returned again in the 1954 election; the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 helped the Liberals to another victory in December 1955. John McEwen replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Country Party in March 1958 and the Menzies-McEwen Coalition was returned again at elections in November 1958 – their third victory against Labor's H. V. Evatt. The Coalition was narrowly returned against Labor's Arthur Calwell in the December 1961 election, in the midst of a credit squeeze. Menzies stood for office for the last time in the November 1963 election, again defeating Calwell, with the Coalition winning back its losses in the House of Representatives. Menzies went on to resign from parliament on 26 January 1966.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: Menzies

text: ran

text: strongly

text: against

text: Labor

text: 's

text: plans

text: to

text: nationalise

text: the

text: Australian

text: banking

text: system

text: and

text: following

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: secured

text: a

text: double

text: dissolution

text: election

text: for

text: April

text: after

text: the

text: Labor

text: controlled

text: Senate

text: refused

text: to

text: pass

text: his

text: banking

text: legislation

text: The

text: Liberal

text: Country

text: Coalition

text: was

text: returned

text: with

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: The

text: Government

text: was

text: returned

text: again

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: anti

text: Communist

text: Democratic

text: Labor

text: Party

text: DLP

text: and

text: the

text: consequent

text: split

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: Labor

text: Party

text: early

text: in

text: helped

text: the

text: Liberals

text: to

text: another

text: victory

text: in

text: December

text: John

text: McEwen

text: replaced

text: Arthur

text: Fadden

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Country

text: Party

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: the

text: Menzies

text: McEwen

text: Coalition

text: was

text: returned

text: again

text: at

text: elections

text: in

text: November

text: their

text: third

text: victory

text: against

text: Labor

text: 's

text: H.

text: V.

text: Evatt

text: The

text: Coalition

text: was

text: narrowly

text: returned

text: against

text: Labor

text: 's

text: Arthur

text: Calwell

text: in

text: the

text: December

text: election

text: in

text: the

text: midst

text: of

text: a

text: credit

text: squeeze

text: Menzies

text: stood

text: for

text: office

text: for

text: the

text: last

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: November

text: election

text: again

text: defeating

text: Calwell

text: with

text: the

text: Coalition

text: winning

text: back

text: its

text: losses

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: Menzies

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: resign

text: from

text: parliament

text: on

text: January

question: Was Menzies for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?

answer: strongly against

text: strongly against

question: What helped the Liberals to victory in December 1955?

answer: the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955

text: the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955

question: When did Menzies resign from Parliament?

answer: 26 January 1966

text: 26 January 1966

question: Was Evatt for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?

text: strongly against

question: What helped the Liberals to victory in December 1958?

question: When did Evatt resign from Parliament?

text: 26 January 1966

question: Who replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Senate?

text: John McEwen

question: Who refused to pass labor legislation?

text: Senate


text: The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Philippine

text: American

text: War

text: was

text: an

text: armed

text: conflict

text: between

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Filipino

text: revolutionaries

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: forces

text: following

text: the

text: ceding

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Spanish

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Manila

text: The

text: Army

text: sent

text: in

text: soldiers

text: mostly

text: from

text: the

text: National

text: Guard

text: under

text: General

text: Elwell

text: Otis

text: Defeated

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: and

text: losing

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: March

text: the

text: poorly

text: armed

text: and

text: poorly

text: led

text: rebels

text: broke

text: into

text: armed

text: bands

text: The

text: insurgency

text: collapsed

text: in

text: March

text: when

text: the

text: leader

text: Emilio

text: Aguinaldo

text: was

text: captured

text: by

text: General

text: Frederick

text: Funston

text: and

text: his

text: Macabebe

text: allies

text: Casualties

text: included

text: Americans

text: killed

text: in

text: action

text: and

text: who

text: died

text: from

text: disease

text: rebels

text: were

text: killed

question: When was the Philippine-American War fought?

answer: 1899–1902

question: Where did the US defeat occupying Spanish forces prior to the Philippine American War?

answer: Manila

text: Manila

question: Who led American forces in this war?

answer: General Elwell Otis

text: General Elwell Otis

question: How many troops did the US send to the Philippines?

answer: 100,000

question: Who was the rebel leader captured by US forces at the end of this war?

answer: Emilio Aguinaldo

text: Emilio Aguinaldo

question: When was the Philippine-African War fought?

question: Where did the US defeat occupying Irish forces prior to the Philippine American War?

text: Manila

question: Who led African forces in this war?

text: General Elwell Otis

question: How many troops did the UK send to the Philippines?

question: Who was the rebel leader captured by UK forces at the end of this war?

text: Emilio Aguinaldo


text: Brigham Young University is a part of the Church Educational System of LDS Church. It is organized under a Board of Trustees, with the President of the Church (currently Thomas S. Monson) as chairman. This board consists of the same people as the Church Board of Education, a pattern that has been in place since 1939. Prior to 1939, BYU had a separate board of trustees that was subordinate to the Church Board of Education. The President of BYU, currently Kevin J Worthen, reports to the Board, through the Commissioner of Education.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: University

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: Educational

text: System

text: of

text: LDS

text: Church

text: It

text: is

text: organized

text: under

text: a

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: with

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: currently

text: Thomas

text: S.

text: Monson

text: as

text: chairman

text: This

text: board

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: people

text: as

text: the

text: Church

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: a

text: pattern

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: place

text: since

text: Prior

text: to

text: BYU

text: had

text: a

text: separate

text: board

text: of

text: trustees

text: that

text: was

text: subordinate

text: to

text: the

text: Church

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: The

text: President

text: of

text: BYU

text: currently

text: Kevin

text: J

text: Worthen

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: Board

text: through

text: the

text: Commissioner

text: of

text: Education

question: Which system is BYU part of?

answer: Church Educational System of LDS Church

text: Church Educational System of LDS Church

question: Who acts as chairman of BYU?

answer: President of the Church (currently Thomas S. Monson)

text: President of the Church (currently Thomas S. Monson)

question: What board do the members of the BYU Board of Trustees also belong to?

answer: Church Board of Education

text: Church Board of Education

question: When did BYU have a separate board of trustees?

answer: Prior to 1939

text: Prior to 1939

question: How does the President of BYU report to the Board?

answer: through the Commissioner of Education

text: through the Commissioner of Education

question: What is part of the LSD Church?

text: Brigham Young University

question: Who is currently the chairman of the church?

text: Thomas S. Monson

question: What did Brigham Young have a separate one of after 1939?

text: board of trustees

question: What position does Keven J Monson hold?

text: President of BYU


text: After the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, the kings of Sophene and Greater Armenia revolted and declared their independence, with Artaxias becoming the first king of the Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia in 188. During the reign of the Artaxiads, Armenia went through a period of hellenization. Numismatic evidence shows Greek artistic styles and the use of the Greek language. Some coins describe the Armenian kings as "Philhellenes". During the reign of Tigranes the Great (95–55 BC), the kingdom of Armenia reached its greatest extent, containing many Greek cities including the entire Syrian tetrapolis. Cleopatra, the wife of Tigranes the Great, invited Greeks such as the rhetor Amphicrates and the historian Metrodorus of Scepsis to the Armenian court, and - according to Plutarch - when the Roman general Lucullus seized the Armenian capital Tigranocerta, he found a troupe of Greek actors who had arrived to perform plays for Tigranes. Tigranes' successor Artavasdes II even composed Greek tragedies himself.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: After

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: defeat

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Magnesia

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Sophene

text: and

text: Greater

text: Armenia

text: revolted

text: and

text: declared

text: their

text: independence

text: with

text: Artaxias

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Artaxiad

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Armenia

text: in

text: During

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Artaxiads

text: Armenia

text: went

text: through

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: hellenization

text: Numismatic

text: evidence

text: shows

text: Greek

text: artistic

text: styles

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: language

text: Some

text: coins

text: describe

text: the

text: Armenian

text: kings

text: as

text: Philhellenes

text: During

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Tigranes

text: the

text: Great

text: BC

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Armenia

text: reached

text: its

text: greatest

text: extent

text: containing

text: many

text: Greek

text: cities

text: including

text: the

text: entire

text: Syrian

text: tetrapolis

text: Cleopatra

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: Tigranes

text: the

text: Great

text: invited

text: Greeks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: rhetor

text: Amphicrates

text: and

text: the

text: historian

text: Metrodorus

text: of

text: Scepsis

text: to

text: the

text: Armenian

text: court

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Plutarch

text: when

text: the

text: Roman

text: general

text: Lucullus

text: seized

text: the

text: Armenian

text: capital

text: Tigranocerta

text: he

text: found

text: a

text: troupe

text: of

text: Greek

text: actors

text: who

text: had

text: arrived

text: to

text: perform

text: plays

text: for

text: Tigranes

text: Tigranes

text: successor

text: Artavasdes

text: II

text: even

text: composed

text: Greek

text: tragedies

text: himself

question: When did the Seleucid defeat the Battle of Magnesia?

answer: 190 BC

text: 190 BC

question: Who was the first king of Artaxiad dynasty of Armenia?

answer: Artaxias

text: Artaxias

question: Artaxian coins called some Armenian kings what?

answer: Philhellenes

text: Philhellenes

question: What years did Tigranes the Great reign?

answer: 95–55 BC

text: 95–55 BC

question: Which Tigranes successor composed Greek tragedies?

answer: Artavasdes II

text: Artavasdes II


text: By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour. The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: By

text: the

text: couple

text: had

text: found

text: the

text: palace

text: too

text: small

text: for

text: court

text: life

text: and

text: their

text: growing

text: family

text: and

text: consequently

text: the

text: new

text: wing

text: designed

text: by

text: Edward

text: Blore

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Cubitt

text: enclosing

text: the

text: central

text: quadrangle

text: The

text: large

text: East

text: Front

text: facing

text: The

text: Mall

text: is

text: today

text: the

text: public

text: face

text: of

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: and

text: contains

text: the

text: balcony

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: acknowledge

text: the

text: crowds

text: on

text: momentous

text: occasions

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: annual

text: Trooping

text: the

text: Colour

text: The

text: ballroom

text: wing

text: and

text: a

text: further

text: suite

text: of

text: state

text: rooms

text: were

text: also

text: built

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: designed

text: by

text: Nash

text: 's

text: student

text: Sir

text: James

text: Pennethorne

question: Who designed the new wing for the palace in 1847?

answer: Edward Blore

text: Edward Blore

question: The new wing was built by whom?

answer: Thomas Cubitt

text: Thomas Cubitt

question: What is the East front of the palace known as?

answer: "public face" of Buckingham Palace

text: "public face" of Buckingham Palace

question: The East Front contains what famous feature?

answer: the balcony

text: the balcony

question: Who was the student of Nash that designed the ballroom wing?

answer: Sir James Pennethorne.

text: Sir James Pennethorne.

question: Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?

answer: Edward Blore

text: Edward Blore

question: Who built the new wing?

answer: Thomas Cubitt

text: Thomas Cubitt

question: What is considered the public face of the palace?

answer: The large East Front

text: The large East Front

question: What other wing was built during this time?

answer: The ballroom wing

text: The ballroom wing

question: Which of Nash's students designed The Ballroom?

answer: Sir James Pennethorne

text: Sir James Pennethorne

question: Who designed the blue wing for the palace in 1837?

text: Edward Blore

question: What is the West front of the palace described as?

text: "public face" of Buckingham Palace

question: Who was the teacher of Nash that destroyed the ballroom wing?

text: Sir James Pennethorne

question: What is considered the private nose of the palace?

text: The large East Front

question: What other wing was removed during this time?

text: The ballroom wing


text: Sergel's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006, and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal, both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch. The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch, his first London appearance in 22 years. The production is returning to the venue to close the 2014 season, prior to a UK Tour.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Sergel

text: 's

text: play

text: toured

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: starting

text: at

text: West

text: Yorkshire

text: Playhouse

text: in

text: Leeds

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: starting

text: at

text: the

text: York

text: Theatre

text: Royal

text: both

text: productions

text: featuring

text: Duncan

text: Preston

text: as

text: Atticus

text: Finch

text: The

text: play

text: also

text: opened

text: the

text: season

text: at

text: Regent

text: 's

text: Park

text: Open

text: Air

text: Theatre

text: in

text: London

text: where

text: it

text: played

text: to

text: full

text: houses

text: and

text: starred

text: Robert

text: Sean

text: Leonard

text: as

text: Atticus

text: Finch

text: his

text: first

text: London

text: appearance

text: in

text: years

text: The

text: production

text: is

text: returning

text: to

text: the

text: venue

text: to

text: close

text: the

text: season

text: prior

text: to

text: a

text: UK

text: Tour

question: What country did Sergel's play tour around in and perform in 2006?

answer: the UK

text: the UK

question: The play was the opening act for the starting of the 2013 season at which location?

answer: Regent's Park Open Air Theatre

text: Regent's Park Open Air Theatre

question: Who played Atticus Finch in the UK theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011?

answer: Duncan Preston

text: Duncan Preston


text: Development of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century. In 1903, a German inventor, Albert Hanson, described flat foil conductors laminated to an insulating board, in multiple layers. Thomas Edison experimented with chemical methods of plating conductors onto linen paper in 1904. Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain, and in the United States Max Schoop obtained a patent to flame-spray metal onto a board through a patterned mask. Charles Ducas in 1927 patented a method of electroplating circuit patterns.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Development

text: of

text: the

text: methods

text: used

text: in

text: modern

text: printed

text: circuit

text: boards

text: started

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: a

text: German

text: inventor

text: Albert

text: Hanson

text: described

text: flat

text: foil

text: conductors

text: laminated

text: to

text: an

text: insulating

text: board

text: in

text: multiple

text: layers

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: experimented

text: with

text: chemical

text: methods

text: of

text: plating

text: conductors

text: onto

text: linen

text: paper

text: in

text: Arthur

text: Berry

text: in

text: patented

text: a

text: print

text: and

text: etch

text: method

text: in

text: Britain

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Max

text: Schoop

text: obtained

text: a

text: patent

text: to

text: flame

text: spray

text: metal

text: onto

text: a

text: board

text: through

text: a

text: patterned

text: mask

text: Charles

text: Ducas

text: in

text: patented

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: electroplating

text: circuit

text: patterns

question: Who was the German inventor who wrote in 1903 about conductors being laminated in layers to a board?

answer: Albert Hanson

text: Albert Hanson

question: What material did Thomas Edison experiment with by trying to chemically attach conductors to it?

answer: linen paper

text: linen paper

question: What year did Arthur Berry patent his print-and-etch method?

answer: 1913

question: In Max Schoop's method, what was used to create the flame-sprayed pattern on the board?

answer: a patterned mask

text: a patterned mask

question: Who obtained a patent in 1927 for his method of electroplating circuit patterns?

answer: Charles Ducas

text: Charles Ducas

question: development of the methods used in ancient printed circuit boards started when?

text: in the 20th century

question: Albert Hanson described what in 1913?

question: Arthur Berry patented what in 1923?

text: a print-and-etch method

question: Thomas Edison patented a print-and-etch method in what year?

question: In Germany Max Schoop obtained a patent to do what?


text: The older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra songs on 78 rpm records was an album called Young at Heart, issued November 1, 1954. As late as the 1970s, some children's records were released at the 78 rpm speed. In the United Kingdom, the 78 rpm single lasted longer than in the United States and the 45 rpm took longer to become popular. The 78 rpm was overtaken in popularity by the 45 rpm in the late 1950s, as teenagers became increasingly affluent.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: older

text: format

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: mass

text: produced

text: alongside

text: the

text: newer

text: formats

text: using

text: new

text: materials

text: until

text: about

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: India

text: where

text: some

text: Beatles

text: recordings

text: were

text: issued

text: on

text: into

text: the

text: For

text: example

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: last

text: reissue

text: of

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: songs

text: on

text: rpm

text: records

text: was

text: an

text: album

text: called

text: Young

text: at

text: Heart

text: issued

text: November

text: As

text: late

text: as

text: the

text: some

text: children

text: 's

text: records

text: were

text: released

text: at

text: the

text: rpm

text: speed

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: rpm

text: single

text: lasted

text: longer

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: rpm

text: took

text: longer

text: to

text: become

text: popular

text: The

text: rpm

text: was

text: overtaken

text: in

text: popularity

text: by

text: the

text: rpm

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: as

text: teenagers

text: became

text: increasingly

text: affluent

question: When did the 45 rpm gain popularity over the 78 rpm

answer: 1950s

question: With which crowd did the 45 rpm gain popularity?

answer: teenagers

text: teenagers

question: At which time were the 79 rpm no longer mass produced?

answer: about 1960

text: about 1960

question: On which date did Columbia release it's last 78?

answer: November 1, 1954.

text: November 1, 1954.

question: What was the last country to phase out the 78 rpm?

answer: United Kingdom

text: United Kingdom


text: In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf of those who pray to her. Catholic teachings make clear that Mary is not considered divine and prayers to her are not answered by her, they are answered by God. The four Catholic dogmas regarding Mary are: Mother of God, Perpetual virginity of Mary, Immaculate Conception (of Mary) and Assumption of Mary.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: In

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: Mary

text: is

text: accorded

text: the

text: title

text: Blessed

text: from

text: Latin

text: beatus

text: blessed

text: via

text: Greek

text: μακάριος

text: makarios

text: and

text: Latin

text: facere

text: make

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: her

text: assumption

text: to

text: Heaven

text: and

text: her

text: capacity

text: to

text: intercede

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: pray

text: to

text: her

text: Catholic

text: teachings

text: make

text: clear

text: that

text: Mary

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: divine

text: and

text: prayers

text: to

text: her

text: are

text: not

text: answered

text: by

text: her

text: they

text: are

text: answered

text: by

text: God

text: The

text: four

text: Catholic

text: dogmas

text: regarding

text: Mary

text: are

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: Perpetual

text: virginity

text: of

text: Mary

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: of

text: Mary

text: and

text: Assumption

text: of

text: Mary

question: What title is given to Mary in the Catholic Church?

answer: Blessed

text: Blessed

question: What is the Latin word from which Mary's title of Blessed is derived?

answer: beatus

text: beatus

question: How many Catholic dogmas are there regarding Mary?

answer: four

text: four

question: Along with Mother of God, Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, what is the other Catholic dogma related to Mary?

answer: Perpetual virginity of Mary

text: Perpetual virginity of Mary

question: What title did Mary give to the Catholic Church?

text: Blessed

question: Since Mary states that she is not divine, what teachings carry on her statements?

text: Catholic teachings

question: Where does Mary send prayers to?

text: Heaven

question: How many Latin dogmas are there regarding Mary?

text: four

question: What state was Mary in before giving birth to Jesus?

text: Perpetual virginity of Mary


text: By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: By

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: growing

text: popularity

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: one

text: railroad

text: line

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: keep

text: up

text: with

text: demand

text: Soon

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Railway

text: was

text: also

text: constructed

text: to

text: transport

text: tourists

text: to

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: massive

text: hotels

text: like

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Surf

text: House

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: smaller

text: rooming

text: houses

text: had

text: sprung

text: up

text: all

text: over

text: town

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Hotel

text: took

text: up

text: a

text: full

text: city

text: block

text: between

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: Delaware

text: and

text: Maryland

text: Avenues

text: These

text: hotels

text: were

text: not

text: only

text: impressive

text: in

text: size

text: but

text: featured

text: the

text: most

text: updated

text: amenities

text: and

text: were

text: considered

text: quite

text: luxurious

text: for

text: their

text: time

question: By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand?

answer: 1878

question: What was the name of the new railway that was constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City after 1878?

answer: Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway

text: Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway

question: What was the name of the hotel that took up a full city block?

answer: The United States Hotel

text: The United States Hotel

question: Besides massive hotels, what else was appearing all over Atlantic City during this period?

answer: rooming houses

text: rooming houses

question: What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel?

answer: Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues

text: Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues


text: Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars in which at least one great power was opposed to another, and they averaged little more than five years in length. In approximately a 450-year time frame, on average at least two great powers were fighting one another in each and every year." Even during the period of Pax Britannica (or "the British Peace") between 1815 and 1914, war and military confrontations among the great powers was still a frequent occurrence. In fact, Joshua Baron points out that, in terms of militarized conflicts or confrontations, the UK led the way in this period with nineteen such instances against; Russia (8), France (5), Germany/Prussia (5) and Italy (1).

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Referring

text: to

text: great

text: power

text: relations

text: Joshua

text: Baron

text: highlights

text: that

text: starting

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: several

text: European

text: great

text: powers

text: military

text: conflicts

text: and

text: confrontations

text: was

text: the

text: defining

text: characteristic

text: of

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: relations

text: between

text: such

text: powers

text: Between

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: wars

text: in

text: which

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: great

text: power

text: was

text: opposed

text: to

text: another

text: and

text: they

text: averaged

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: five

text: years

text: in

text: length

text: In

text: approximately

text: a

text: time

text: frame

text: on

text: average

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: great

text: powers

text: were

text: fighting

text: one

text: another

text: in

text: each

text: and

text: every

text: year

text: Even

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Pax

text: Britannica

text: or

text: the

text: British

text: Peace

text: between

text: and

text: war

text: and

text: military

text: confrontations

text: among

text: the

text: great

text: powers

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: frequent

text: occurrence

text: In

text: fact

text: Joshua

text: Baron

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: militarized

text: conflicts

text: or

text: confrontations

text: the

text: UK

text: led

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: with

text: nineteen

text: such

text: instances

text: against

text: Russia

text: France

text: Germany

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Italy

question: How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953?

answer: 64

question: For bout how many years was an average of one great power fighting another each year?

answer: 450

question: What country had the most conflicts from 1500s through mid 20th century?

answer: UK

text: UK

question: What span was the Pax Britannica?

answer: between 1815 and 1914

text: between 1815 and 1914

question: Between 1815 and 1914, how many acts of diplomacy were there and with what countries?

question: How many wars occurred pre-1960, that averaged about 5 years?

question: Between 1815-1914 what country had the most defining characteristics of diplomacy?

text: the UK

question: In the 16th century, how many great powers were fighting each other in every year?

text: at least two great powers

question: During what time frame was diplomacy frequent among the great powers?

text: between 1815 and 1914


text: Another instance of ancient humanism as an organised system of thought is found in the Gathas of Zarathustra, composed between 1,000 BCE – 600 BCE in Greater Iran. Zarathustra's philosophy in the Gathas lays out a conception of humankind as thinking beings dignified with choice and agency according to the intellect which each receives from Ahura Mazda (God in the form of supreme wisdom). The idea of Ahura Mazda as a non-intervening deistic divine God/Grand Architect of the universe tied with a unique eschatology and ethical system implying that each person is held morally responsible for their choices, made freely in this present life, in the afterlife. The importance placed on thought, action, responsibility, and a non-intervening creator was appealed to by, and inspired a number of, Enlightenment humanist thinkers in Europe such as Voltaire and Montesquieu.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: Another

text: instance

text: of

text: ancient

text: humanism

text: as

text: an

text: organised

text: system

text: of

text: thought

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Gathas

text: of

text: Zarathustra

text: composed

text: between

text: BCE

text: BCE

text: in

text: Greater

text: Iran

text: Zarathustra

text: 's

text: philosophy

text: in

text: the

text: Gathas

text: lays

text: out

text: a

text: conception

text: of

text: humankind

text: as

text: thinking

text: beings

text: dignified

text: with

text: choice

text: and

text: agency

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: intellect

text: which

text: each

text: receives

text: from

text: Ahura

text: Mazda

text: God

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: supreme

text: wisdom

text: The

text: idea

text: of

text: Ahura

text: Mazda

text: as

text: a

text: non

text: intervening

text: deistic

text: divine

text: God

text: Grand

text: Architect

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: tied

text: with

text: a

text: unique

text: eschatology

text: and

text: ethical

text: system

text: implying

text: that

text: each

text: person

text: is

text: held

text: morally

text: responsible

text: for

text: their

text: choices

text: made

text: freely

text: in

text: this

text: present

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: afterlife

text: The

text: importance

text: placed

text: on

text: thought

text: action

text: responsibility

text: and

text: a

text: non

text: intervening

text: creator

text: was

text: appealed

text: to

text: by

text: and

text: inspired

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: humanist

text: thinkers

text: in

text: Europe

text: such

text: as

text: Voltaire

text: and

text: Montesquieu

question: Which ancient text provides an example of the humanist way of thinking?

answer: Gathas of Zarathustra

text: Gathas of Zarathustra

question: When was this writing penned?

answer: afterlife

text: afterlife

question: What well know scholar was inspired by Humanism?

answer: Voltaire

text: Voltaire

question: Which classified text provides an example of the humanist way of thinking?

text: Gathas of Zarathustra

question: What well know scholar was destroyed by Humanism?

text: Gathas of Zarathustra

question: When was Gathas of Zarathustra lost forever?

text: between 1,000 BCE – 600 BCE

question: What well know scholar was killed by Humanism?

text: Voltaire


text: New York is a prominent location for the American entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there. As of 2012, New York City was the second largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually, employing 130,000 individuals, and generating an estimated $7.1 billion in direct expenditures, and by volume, New York is the world leader in independent film production; one-third of all American independent films are produced in New York City. The Association of Independent Commercial Producers is also based in New York. In the first five months of 2014 alone, location filming for television pilots in New York City exceeded the record production levels for all of 2013, with New York surpassing Los Angeles as the top North American city for the same distinction during the 2013/2014 cycle.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: a

text: prominent

text: location

text: for

text: the

text: American

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: with

text: many

text: films

text: television

text: series

text: books

text: and

text: other

text: media

text: being

text: set

text: there

text: As

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: center

text: for

text: filmmaking

text: and

text: television

text: production

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: producing

text: about

text: feature

text: films

text: annually

text: employing

text: individuals

text: and

text: generating

text: an

text: estimated

text: billion

text: in

text: direct

text: expenditures

text: and

text: by

text: volume

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: leader

text: in

text: independent

text: film

text: production

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: all

text: American

text: independent

text: films

text: are

text: produced

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: Association

text: of

text: Independent

text: Commercial

text: Producers

text: is

text: also

text: based

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: months

text: of

text: alone

text: location

text: filming

text: for

text: television

text: pilots

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exceeded

text: the

text: record

text: production

text: levels

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: with

text: New

text: York

text: surpassing

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: North

text: American

text: city

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: distinction

text: during

text: the

text: cycle

question: Approximately how many feature films are made in New York City every year?

answer: 200

question: How many New Yorkers work in the television and film industry?

answer: 130,000

question: How much money does the New York film and television industry create every year?

answer: $7.1 billion

text: $7.1 billion

question: What United States city is the second most popular for pilot episode location filming?

answer: Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles


text: Hebb distinguished between short-term and long-term memory. He postulated that any memory that stayed in short-term storage for a long enough time would be consolidated into a long-term memory. Later research showed this to be false. Research has shown that direct injections of cortisol or epinephrine help the storage of recent experiences. This is also true for stimulation of the amygdala. This proves that excitement enhances memory by the stimulation of hormones that affect the amygdala. Excessive or prolonged stress (with prolonged cortisol) may hurt memory storage. Patients with amygdalar damage are no more likely to remember emotionally charged words than nonemotionally charged ones. The hippocampus is important for explicit memory. The hippocampus is also important for memory consolidation. The hippocampus receives input from different parts of the cortex and sends its output out to different parts of the brain also. The input comes from secondary and tertiary sensory areas that have processed the information a lot already. Hippocampal damage may also cause memory loss and problems with memory storage. This memory loss includes, retrograde amnesia which is the loss of memory for events that occurred shortly before the time of brain damage.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Hebb

text: distinguished

text: between

text: short

text: term

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: memory

text: He

text: postulated

text: that

text: any

text: memory

text: that

text: stayed

text: in

text: short

text: term

text: storage

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: enough

text: time

text: would

text: be

text: consolidated

text: into

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: memory

text: Later

text: research

text: showed

text: this

text: to

text: be

text: false

text: Research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: direct

text: injections

text: of

text: cortisol

text: or

text: epinephrine

text: help

text: the

text: storage

text: of

text: recent

text: experiences

text: This

text: is

text: also

text: true

text: for

text: stimulation

text: of

text: the

text: amygdala

text: This

text: proves

text: that

text: excitement

text: enhances

text: memory

text: by

text: the

text: stimulation

text: of

text: hormones

text: that

text: affect

text: the

text: amygdala

text: Excessive

text: or

text: prolonged

text: stress

text: with

text: prolonged

text: cortisol

text: may

text: hurt

text: memory

text: storage

text: Patients

text: with

text: amygdalar

text: damage

text: are

text: no

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: remember

text: emotionally

text: charged

text: words

text: than

text: nonemotionally

text: charged

text: ones

text: The

text: hippocampus

text: is

text: important

text: for

text: explicit

text: memory

text: The

text: hippocampus

text: is

text: also

text: important

text: for

text: memory

text: consolidation

text: The

text: hippocampus

text: receives

text: input

text: from

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: cortex

text: and

text: sends

text: its

text: output

text: out

text: to

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: also

text: The

text: input

text: comes

text: from

text: secondary

text: and

text: tertiary

text: sensory

text: areas

text: that

text: have

text: processed

text: the

text: information

text: a

text: lot

text: already

text: Hippocampal

text: damage

text: may

text: also

text: cause

text: memory

text: loss

text: and

text: problems

text: with

text: memory

text: storage

text: This

text: memory

text: loss

text: includes

text: retrograde

text: amnesia

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: memory

text: for

text: events

text: that

text: occurred

text: shortly

text: before

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: brain

text: damage

question: Was Hebb's thought of the relationship between short and long term memory true?

answer: research showed this to be false

text: research showed this to be false

question: Which drugs seemed to help someone remember earlier events?

answer: cortisol or epinephrine

text: cortisol or epinephrine

question: What relationship does excitement and memory share?

answer: excitement enhances memory

text: excitement enhances memory

question: Bob was in a car accident and couldn't remember his wifes name, what part of his brain could have been damaged?

answer: hippocampus

text: hippocampus

question: Was Hebb's thought of the relationship between long and longer term memory true?

text: research showed this to be false

question: Which drugs seemed to help someone forget earlier events?

text: cortisol or epinephrine

question: What relationship does unexcitement and memory share?

text: excitement enhances memory

question: What are patients with amygdalar damage more likely to remember?

question: What typ of damage may also cause memory gain and helps with memory storage.

text: Hippocampal


text: Cockroaches are among the fastest insect runners and, at full speed, adopt a bipedal run to reach a high velocity in proportion to their body size. As cockroaches move very quickly, they need to be video recorded at several hundred frames per second to reveal their gait. More sedate locomotion is seen in the stick insects or walking sticks (Phasmatodea). A few insects have evolved to walk on the surface of the water, especially members of the Gerridae family, commonly known as water striders. A few species of ocean-skaters in the genus Halobates even live on the surface of open oceans, a habitat that has few insect species.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Cockroaches

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: fastest

text: insect

text: runners

text: and

text: at

text: full

text: speed

text: adopt

text: a

text: bipedal

text: run

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: high

text: velocity

text: in

text: proportion

text: to

text: their

text: body

text: size

text: As

text: cockroaches

text: move

text: very

text: quickly

text: they

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: video

text: recorded

text: at

text: several

text: hundred

text: frames

text: per

text: second

text: to

text: reveal

text: their

text: gait

text: More

text: sedate

text: locomotion

text: is

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: stick

text: insects

text: or

text: walking

text: sticks

text: Phasmatodea

text: A

text: few

text: insects

text: have

text: evolved

text: to

text: walk

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: especially

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Gerridae

text: family

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: water

text: striders

text: A

text: few

text: species

text: of

text: ocean

text: skaters

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Halobates

text: even

text: live

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: open

text: oceans

text: a

text: habitat

text: that

text: has

text: few

text: insect

text: species

question: What kind of locomotion is seen in stick insects?

answer: sedate

text: sedate

question: What is another name for walking stick insects?

answer: Phasmatodea

text: Phasmatodea

question: Some insects can walk on top of what?

answer: water

text: water

question: What insect can walk on the surface of water?

answer: water striders

text: water striders

question: Water striders are part of what insect family?

answer: Gerridae

text: Gerridae


text: In China, a call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: In

text: China

text: a

text: call

text: to

text: boycott

text: French

text: hypermart

text: Carrefour

text: from

text: May

text: began

text: spreading

text: through

text: mobile

text: text

text: messaging

text: and

text: online

text: chat

text: rooms

text: amongst

text: the

text: Chinese

text: over

text: the

text: weekend

text: from

text: April

text: accusing

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: major

text: shareholder

text: the

text: LVMH

text: Group

text: of

text: donating

text: funds

text: to

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: calls

text: to

text: extend

text: the

text: boycott

text: to

text: include

text: French

text: luxury

text: goods

text: and

text: cosmetic

text: products

text: Chinese

text: protesters

text: organized

text: boycotts

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: owned

text: retail

text: chain

text: Carrefour

text: in

text: major

text: Chinese

text: cities

text: including

text: Kunming

text: Hefei

text: and

text: Wuhan

text: accusing

text: the

text: French

text: nation

text: of

text: pro

text: secessionist

text: conspiracy

text: and

text: anti

text: Chinese

text: racism

text: Some

text: burned

text: French

text: flags

text: some

text: added

text: Swastika

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: conotaions

text: with

text: Nazism

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: flag

text: and

text: spread

text: short

text: online

text: messages

text: calling

text: for

text: large

text: protests

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: French

text: consulates

text: and

text: embassy

text: Some

text: shoppers

text: who

text: insisted

text: on

text: entering

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Carrefour

text: stores

text: in

text: Kunming

text: were

text: blocked

text: by

text: boycotters

text: wielding

text: large

text: Chinese

text: flags

text: and

text: hit

text: by

text: water

text: bottles

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: people

text: joined

text: Anti

text: French

text: rallies

text: in

text: Beijing

text: Wuhan

text: Hefei

text: Kunming

text: and

text: Qingdao

text: which

text: quickly

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: cities

text: like

text: Xi'an

text: Harbin

text: and

text: Jinan

text: Carrefour

text: denied

text: any

text: support

text: or

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: issue

text: and

text: had

text: its

text: staff

text: in

text: its

text: Chinese

text: stores

text: wear

text: uniforms

text: emblazoned

text: with

text: the

text: Chinese

text: national

text: flag

text: and

text: caps

text: with

text: Olympic

text: insignia

text: and

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: words

text: Beijing

text: to

text: show

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: games

text: The

text: effort

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: ceased

text: when

text: the

text: BOCOG

text: deemed

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: official

text: Olympic

text: insignia

text: as

text: illegal

text: and

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: copyright

question: Which French company was boycotted?

answer: Carrefour

text: Carrefour

question: Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?

answer: LVMH Group

text: LVMH Group

question: Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting?

answer: the Dalai Lama

text: the Dalai Lama

question: What was burned during these boycotts?

answer: the French flag

text: the French flag

question: Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?

answer: LVMH Group

text: LVMH Group

question: Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what?

answer: anti-Chinese racism.

text: anti-Chinese racism.


text: The high-speed observation deck elevators accelerate to a world-record certified speed of 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds, and then it slows down for arrival with subtle air pressure sensations. The door opens after 37 seconds from the 5th floor. Special features include aerodynamic car and counterweights, and cabin pressure control to help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes. The downwards journey is completed at a reduced speed of 600 meters per minute, with the doors opening at the 52nd second.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: The

text: high

text: speed

text: observation

text: deck

text: elevators

text: accelerate

text: to

text: a

text: world

text: record

text: certified

text: speed

text: of

text: metres

text: per

text: minute

text: km

text: h

text: in

text: seconds

text: and

text: then

text: it

text: slows

text: down

text: for

text: arrival

text: with

text: subtle

text: air

text: pressure

text: sensations

text: The

text: door

text: opens

text: after

text: seconds

text: from

text: the

text: floor

text: Special

text: features

text: include

text: aerodynamic

text: car

text: and

text: counterweights

text: and

text: cabin

text: pressure

text: control

text: to

text: help

text: passengers

text: adapt

text: smoothly

text: to

text: pressure

text: changes

text: The

text: downwards

text: journey

text: is

text: completed

text: at

text: a

text: reduced

text: speed

text: of

text: meters

text: per

text: minute

text: with

text: the

text: doors

text: opening

text: at

text: the

text: second

question: How fast do the observation deck elevators travel?

answer: 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds

text: 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds

question: This speed holds what record?

answer: world-record certified speed

text: world-record certified speed

question: What does cabin pressure control do?

answer: help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes

text: help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes

question: How fast does the elevator drop down?

answer: 600 meters per minute

text: 600 meters per minute

question: At what floor do the doors open on the way down?

answer: 52nd


text: The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, (both built as such c. 1720), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate House, Warre House, Villiers House, Common Lane House, Penn House, Walpole House, Cotton Hall, Wotton House, Holland House, Mustians, Angelo's, Manor House, Farrer House, Baldwin's Bec, The Timbralls, and Westbury.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: The

text: Oppidan

text: Houses

text: are

text: named

text: Godolphin

text: House

text: Jourdelay

text: 's

text: both

text: built

text: as

text: such

text: c.

text: Hawtrey

text: House

text: Durnford

text: House

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: built

text: as

text: such

text: by

text: the

text: Provost

text: and

text: Fellows

text: when

text: the

text: school

text: was

text: increasing

text: in

text: numbers

text: and

text: needed

text: more

text: centralised

text: control

text: The

text: Hopgarden

text: South

text: Lawn

text: Waynflete

text: Evans

text: 's

text: Keate

text: House

text: Warre

text: House

text: Villiers

text: House

text: Common

text: Lane

text: House

text: Penn

text: House

text: Walpole

text: House

text: Cotton

text: Hall

text: Wotton

text: House

text: Holland

text: House

text: Mustians

text: Angelo

text: 's

text: Manor

text: House

text: Farrer

text: House

text: Baldwin

text: 's

text: Bec

text: The

text: Timbralls

text: and

text: Westbury

question: Which Oppidan Houses did not change from their original 1720 names?

answer: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's

text: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's

question: Which two houses were built as student population increased 1845?

answer: Hawtrey House, Durnford House

text: Hawtrey House, Durnford House

question: Which two Oppidan Houses are the oldest?

answer: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's

text: Godolphin House, Jourdelay's

question: Who built Godolphin House?

text: the Provost and Fellows

question: In what year was Hopgarden built?

question: In what year was South Lawn built?

question: Who built Villiers House?

text: the Provost and Fellows

question: What is the newest House?

text: The Timbralls


text: Starting in the 1970s, the Bronx often symbolized violence, decay, and urban ruin. The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s inspired the observation that "The Bronx is burning": in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film. The line entered the pop-consciousness with Game Two of the 1977 World Series, when a fire broke out near Yankee Stadium as the team was playing the Los Angeles Dodgers. Numerous fires had previously broken out in the Bronx prior to this fire. As the fire was captured on live television, announcer Howard Cosell is wrongly remembered to have said something like, "There it is, ladies and gentlemen: the Bronx is burning". Historians of New York City frequently point to Cosell's remark as an acknowledgement of both the city and the borough's decline. A new feature-length documentary film by Edwin Pagan called Bronx Burning is in production in 2006, chronicling what led up to the numerous arson-for-insurance fraud fires of the 1970s in the borough.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: Bronx

text: often

text: symbolized

text: violence

text: decay

text: and

text: urban

text: ruin

text: The

text: wave

text: of

text: arson

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Bronx

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: inspired

text: the

text: observation

text: that

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: burning

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: both

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: editorial

text: and

text: a

text: BBC

text: documentary

text: film

text: The

text: line

text: entered

text: the

text: pop

text: consciousness

text: with

text: Game

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: when

text: a

text: fire

text: broke

text: out

text: near

text: Yankee

text: Stadium

text: as

text: the

text: team

text: was

text: playing

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Dodgers

text: Numerous

text: fires

text: had

text: previously

text: broken

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: prior

text: to

text: this

text: fire

text: As

text: the

text: fire

text: was

text: captured

text: on

text: live

text: television

text: announcer

text: Howard

text: Cosell

text: is

text: wrongly

text: remembered

text: to

text: have

text: said

text: something

text: like

text: There

text: it

text: is

text: ladies

text: and

text: gentlemen

text: the

text: Bronx

text: is

text: burning

text: Historians

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: frequently

text: point

text: to

text: Cosell

text: 's

text: remark

text: as

text: an

text: acknowledgement

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: decline

text: A

text: new

text: feature

text: length

text: documentary

text: film

text: by

text: Edwin

text: Pagan

text: called

text: Bronx

text: Burning

text: is

text: in

text: production

text: in

text: chronicling

text: what

text: led

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: numerous

text: arson

text: for

text: insurance

text: fraud

text: fires

text: of

text: the

text: in

text: the

text: borough

question: Where was arson a big problem in the Bronx?

answer: the South Bronx

text: the South Bronx

question: When was the phrase "The Bronx is burning" first widespread?

answer: 1974

question: Who made a documentary called "The Bronx is burning"?

answer: BBC

text: BBC

question: Who published an editorial called "The Bronx is burning"?

answer: New York Times

text: New York Times

question: Who made a film called 'Bronx Burning'?

answer: Edwin Pagan

text: Edwin Pagan


text: After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s. Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: After

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: India

text: moved

text: to

text: Delhi

text: a

text: temporary

text: secretariat

text: building

text: was

text: constructed

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: in

text: in

text: North

text: Delhi

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: offices

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: moved

text: here

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: secretariat

text: in

text: Old

text: Delhi

text: the

text: building

text: now

text: houses

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: a

text: decade

text: before

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: Many

text: employees

text: were

text: brought

text: into

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: from

text: distant

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: including

text: the

text: Bengal

text: Presidency

text: and

text: Madras

text: Presidency

text: Subsequently

text: housing

text: for

text: them

text: was

text: developed

text: around

text: Gole

text: Market

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Built

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: house

text: government

text: employees

text: with

text: bungalows

text: for

text: senior

text: officials

text: in

text: the

text: nearby

text: Lodhi

text: Estate

text: area

text: Lodhi

text: colony

text: near

text: historic

text: Lodhi

text: Gardens

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: residential

text: areas

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

question: A temporary secretariat building was built in New Delhi in what year?

answer: 1912

question: In what year what New Delhi inaugurated as the capital of India?

answer: 1931

question: Housing for employees was built in what area during the 1920s?

answer: Gole Market area

text: Gole Market area

question: What was the name of the last residential area built by the British Raj?

answer: Lodhi colony

text: Lodhi colony

question: During what decade was the Lodhi colony built?

answer: the 1940s

text: the 1940s


text: Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is the largest of the counties in size at 11,551 km2 (4,460 sq mi), while Montserrado is the smallest at 1,909 km2 (737 sq mi). Montserrado is also the most populous county with 1,144,806 residents as of the 2008 census.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: Liberia

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: fifteen

text: counties

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: are

text: subdivided

text: into

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: districts

text: and

text: further

text: subdivided

text: into

text: clans

text: The

text: oldest

text: counties

text: are

text: Grand

text: Bassa

text: and

text: Montserrado

text: both

text: founded

text: in

text: prior

text: to

text: Liberian

text: independence

text: Gbarpolu

text: is

text: the

text: newest

text: county

text: created

text: in

text: Nimba

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: counties

text: in

text: size

text: at

text: sq

text: mi

text: while

text: Montserrado

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: at

text: sq

text: mi

text: Montserrado

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: with

text: residents

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: census

question: How many counties is liberia divided into?

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen

question: How many districts are the 15 counties of liberia divided into?

answer: 90

question: What is the oldest county in liberia?

answer: Grand Bassa

text: Grand Bassa

question: When was Grand Bassa founded?

answer: 1839

question: What is Liberia's newest county?

answer: Gbarpolu

text: Gbarpolu

question: How many clans is Liberia divided into?

question: In what year was Liberia liberated from Nimba?

question: What county became the capitol in 2001?

text: Gbarpolu

question: What county was shown to be the most populous in the 2006 census?

text: Montserrado

question: What counties were the first to be founded after Liberian independence?

text: Grand Bassa and Montserrado


text: Tsai writes that shortly after the visit by Deshin Shekpa, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers in order to facilitate trade with Tibet in tea, horses, and salt. The trade route passed through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan. Wang and Nyima assert that this "tribute-related trade" of the Ming exchanging Chinese tea for Tibetan horses—while granting Tibetan envoys and Tibetan merchants explicit permission to trade with Han Chinese merchants—"furthered the rule of the Ming dynasty court over Tibet". Rossabi and Sperling note that this trade in Tibetan horses for Chinese tea existed long before the Ming. Peter C. Perdue says that Wang Anshi (1021–1086), realizing that China could not produce enough militarily capable steeds, had also aimed to obtain horses from Inner Asia in exchange for Chinese tea. The Chinese needed horses not only for cavalry but also as draft animals for the army's supply wagons. The Tibetans required Chinese tea not only as a common beverage but also as a religious ceremonial supplement. The Ming government imposed a monopoly on tea production and attempted to regulate this trade with state-supervised markets, but these collapsed in 1449 due to military failures and internal ecological and commercial pressures on the tea-producing regions.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Tsai

text: writes

text: that

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: visit

text: by

text: Deshin

text: Shekpa

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: ordered

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: road

text: and

text: of

text: trading

text: posts

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: reaches

text: of

text: the

text: Yangzi

text: and

text: Mekong

text: Rivers

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: facilitate

text: trade

text: with

text: Tibet

text: in

text: tea

text: horses

text: and

text: salt

text: The

text: trade

text: route

text: passed

text: through

text: Sichuan

text: and

text: crossed

text: Shangri

text: La

text: County

text: in

text: Yunnan

text: Wang

text: and

text: Nyima

text: assert

text: that

text: this

text: tribute

text: related

text: trade

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: exchanging

text: Chinese

text: tea

text: for

text: Tibetan

text: horses

text: while

text: granting

text: Tibetan

text: envoys

text: and

text: Tibetan

text: merchants

text: explicit

text: permission

text: to

text: trade

text: with

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: merchants—"furthered

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: court

text: over

text: Tibet

text: Rossabi

text: and

text: Sperling

text: note

text: that

text: this

text: trade

text: in

text: Tibetan

text: horses

text: for

text: Chinese

text: tea

text: existed

text: long

text: before

text: the

text: Ming

text: Peter

text: C.

text: Perdue

text: says

text: that

text: Wang

text: Anshi

text: realizing

text: that

text: China

text: could

text: not

text: produce

text: enough

text: militarily

text: capable

text: steeds

text: had

text: also

text: aimed

text: to

text: obtain

text: horses

text: from

text: Inner

text: Asia

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: Chinese

text: tea

text: The

text: Chinese

text: needed

text: horses

text: not

text: only

text: for

text: cavalry

text: but

text: also

text: as

text: draft

text: animals

text: for

text: the

text: army

text: 's

text: supply

text: wagons

text: The

text: Tibetans

text: required

text: Chinese

text: tea

text: not

text: only

text: as

text: a

text: common

text: beverage

text: but

text: also

text: as

text: a

text: religious

text: ceremonial

text: supplement

text: The

text: Ming

text: government

text: imposed

text: a

text: monopoly

text: on

text: tea

text: production

text: and

text: attempted

text: to

text: regulate

text: this

text: trade

text: with

text: state

text: supervised

text: markets

text: but

text: these

text: collapsed

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: military

text: failures

text: and

text: internal

text: ecological

text: and

text: commercial

text: pressures

text: on

text: the

text: tea

text: producing

text: regions

question: Why did Yongle order the construction?

answer: to facilitate trade with Tibet

text: to facilitate trade with Tibet

question: What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?

answer: tea, horses, and salt

text: tea, horses, and salt

question: where did the trade route pass through?

answer: through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan

text: through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan


text: Heartwood is often visually distinct from the living sapwood, and can be distinguished in a cross-section where the boundary will tend to follow the growth rings. For example, it is sometimes much darker. However, other processes such as decay or insect invasion can also discolor wood, even in woody plants that do not form heartwood, which may lead to confusion.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Heartwood

text: is

text: often

text: visually

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: living

text: sapwood

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: distinguished

text: in

text: a

text: cross

text: section

text: where

text: the

text: boundary

text: will

text: tend

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: growth

text: rings

text: For

text: example

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: much

text: darker

text: However

text: other

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: decay

text: or

text: insect

text: invasion

text: can

text: also

text: discolor

text: wood

text: even

text: in

text: woody

text: plants

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: form

text: heartwood

text: which

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: confusion

question: In what part of a tree's cross-section is heartwood visible?

answer: growth rings

text: growth rings

question: What simple color distinction can heartwood have that makes it stand out from living wood in a tree?

answer: darker

text: darker

question: Along with insect infestation, what process can discolor wood and make it look like heartwood?

answer: decay

text: decay

question: What kind of plants never form heartwood?

answer: woody

text: woody

question: What is the living wood in a tree called?

answer: sapwood

text: sapwood


text: As familiar as squirrels are the eastern cottontail rabbit (Silvilagus floridanus) and the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The latter in particular has greatly increased in abundance as a result of the extirpation of the eastern wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) and the North American cougar. This has led to the overgrazing and browsing of many plants of the Appalachian forests, as well as destruction of agricultural crops. Other deer include the moose (Alces alces ), found only in the north, and the elk (Cervus canadensis), which, although once extirpated, is now making a comeback, through transplantation, in the southern and central Appalachians. In Quebec, the Chic-Chocs host the only population of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) south of the St. Lawrence River. An additional species that is common in the north but extends its range southward at high elevations to Virginia and West Virginia is the varying or snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). However, these central Appalachian populations are scattered and very small.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: As

text: familiar

text: as

text: squirrels

text: are

text: the

text: eastern

text: cottontail

text: rabbit

text: Silvilagus

text: floridanus

text: and

text: the

text: white

text: tailed

text: deer

text: Odocoileus

text: virginianus

text: The

text: latter

text: in

text: particular

text: has

text: greatly

text: increased

text: in

text: abundance

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: extirpation

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: wolf

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: lycaon

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: cougar

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: overgrazing

text: and

text: browsing

text: of

text: many

text: plants

text: of

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: forests

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: destruction

text: of

text: agricultural

text: crops

text: Other

text: deer

text: include

text: the

text: moose

text: Alces

text: alces

text: found

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: elk

text: Cervus

text: canadensis

text: which

text: although

text: once

text: extirpated

text: is

text: now

text: making

text: a

text: comeback

text: through

text: transplantation

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: central

text: Appalachians

text: In

text: Quebec

text: the

text: Chic

text: Chocs

text: host

text: the

text: only

text: population

text: of

text: caribou

text: Rangifer

text: tarandus

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: An

text: additional

text: species

text: that

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: but

text: extends

text: its

text: range

text: southward

text: at

text: high

text: elevations

text: to

text: Virginia

text: and

text: West

text: Virginia

text: is

text: the

text: varying

text: or

text: snowshoe

text: hare

text: Lepus

text: americanus

text: However

text: these

text: central

text: Appalachian

text: populations

text: are

text: scattered

text: and

text: very

text: small

question: Why has the rabbit increased in numbers as of late?

text: the extirpation of the eastern wolf

question: What is the scientific name for the North American cougar?

text: Canis lupus lycaon

question: What kind of crops was the eastern wolf responsible for destroying?

text: agricultural

question: Where is the elk found?

text: only in the north

question: What has the only population of snowshoe hares south of the St. Lawrence River?

text: the Chic-Chocs


text: Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose. Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine. Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods. This is commonly known as lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance varies widely by ethnic heritage; more than 90 percent of peoples of east Asian descent are lactose intolerant, in contrast to about 5 percent of people of northern European descent.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: Lactase

text: is

text: an

text: enzyme

text: that

text: breaks

text: down

text: the

text: disaccharide

text: lactose

text: to

text: its

text: component

text: parts

text: glucose

text: and

text: galactose

text: Glucose

text: and

text: galactose

text: can

text: be

text: absorbed

text: by

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: Approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: adult

text: population

text: produce

text: only

text: small

text: amounts

text: of

text: lactase

text: and

text: are

text: unable

text: to

text: eat

text: unfermented

text: milk

text: based

text: foods

text: This

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: lactose

text: intolerance

text: Lactose

text: intolerance

text: varies

text: widely

text: by

text: ethnic

text: heritage

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: peoples

text: of

text: east

text: Asian

text: descent

text: are

text: lactose

text: intolerant

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: people

text: of

text: northern

text: European

text: descent

question: What is lactase?

answer: an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts

text: an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts

question: What are lactoses component parts?

answer: glucose and galactose

text: glucose and galactose

question: Where are glucose and galactose absorbed?

answer: small intestine

text: small intestine

question: What percent of the population are unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods?

answer: Approximately 65 percent

text: Approximately 65 percent

question: What is knon as when you are  unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods?

answer: lactose intolerance

text: lactose intolerance


text: Both Roger Williams and John Clarke, his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom, are variously credited as founding the earliest Baptist church in North America. In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. According to a Baptist historian who has researched the matter extensively, "There is much debate over the centuries as to whether the Providence or Newport church deserved the place of 'first' Baptist congregation in America. Exact records for both congregations are lacking."

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Both

text: Roger

text: Williams

text: and

text: John

text: Clarke

text: his

text: compatriot

text: and

text: coworker

text: for

text: religious

text: freedom

text: are

text: variously

text: credited

text: as

text: founding

text: the

text: earliest

text: Baptist

text: church

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: In

text: Williams

text: established

text: a

text: Baptist

text: church

text: in

text: Providence

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: and

text: Clarke

text: began

text: a

text: Baptist

text: church

text: in

text: Newport

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: Baptist

text: historian

text: who

text: has

text: researched

text: the

text: matter

text: extensively

text: There

text: is

text: much

text: debate

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: the

text: Providence

text: or

text: Newport

text: church

text: deserved

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: first

text: Baptist

text: congregation

text: in

text: America

text: Exact

text: records

text: for

text: both

text: congregations

text: are

text: lacking

question: Who founded the earliest Baptist church in North America?

answer: Roger Williams and John Clarke

text: Roger Williams and John Clarke

question: When was the first American Baptist church established?

answer: 1639

question: Where did Roger Williams establish a Baptist church?

answer: Providence, Rhode Island

text: Providence, Rhode Island

question: Where did John Clarke establish a Baptist church?

answer: Newport, Rhode Island

text: Newport, Rhode Island

question: Clarke was what to Williams?

answer: his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom

text: his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom

question: Who founded the earliest Baptist church in South America?

text: Roger Williams and John Clarke

question: Where did Roger Williams lose a Baptist church?

text: Providence, Rhode Island

question: Where did John Clarke establish an Anabaptist church?

text: Newport, Rhode Island

question: When was the last American Anabaptist church established?


text: Shortly after he learned of the failure of Menshikov's diplomacy toward the end of June 1853, the Tsar sent armies under the commands of Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov across the Pruth River into the Ottoman-controlled Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Fewer than half of the 80,000 Russian soldiers who crossed the Pruth in 1853 survived. By far, most of the deaths would result from sickness rather than combat,:118–119 for the Russian army still suffered from medical services that ranged from bad to none.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Shortly

text: after

text: he

text: learned

text: of

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: Menshikov

text: 's

text: diplomacy

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: June

text: the

text: Tsar

text: sent

text: armies

text: under

text: the

text: commands

text: of

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Ivan

text: Paskevich

text: and

text: General

text: Mikhail

text: Gorchakov

text: across

text: the

text: Pruth

text: River

text: into

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: controlled

text: Danubian

text: Principalities

text: of

text: Moldavia

text: and

text: Wallachia

text: Fewer

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: soldiers

text: who

text: crossed

text: the

text: Pruth

text: in

text: survived

text: By

text: far

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: deaths

text: would

text: result

text: from

text: sickness

text: rather

text: than

text: for

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: still

text: suffered

text: from

text: medical

text: services

text: that

text: ranged

text: from

text: bad

text: to

question: Who sent armies across the Pruth River?

answer: the Tsar

text: the Tsar

question: Who commanded the armies across the Pruth River?

answer: Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov

text: Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov

question: Who was in control of the Danubian Principalities?

answer: Ottoman

text: Ottoman

question: In what year did Russian soldiers cross the Pruth River?

answer: 1853

question: How did most Russians die when crossing the Pruth River?

answer: sickness

text: sickness