text: Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking. Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. . The various Nigerian Confraternities or "campus cults" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria. As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities. The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members. On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: substantial

text: network

text: of

text: organised

text: crime

text: active

text: especially

text: in

text: drug

text: trafficking

text: Nigerian

text: criminal

text: groups

text: are

text: heavily

text: involved

text: in

text: drug

text: trafficking

text: shipping

text: heroin

text: from

text: Asian

text: countries

text: to

text: Europe

text: and

text: America

text: and

text: cocaine

text: from

text: South

text: America

text: to

text: Europe

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: The

text: various

text: Nigerian

text: Confraternities

text: or

text: campus

text: cults

text: are

text: active

text: in

text: both

text: organised

text: crime

text: and

text: in

text: political

text: violence

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: providing

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: corruption

text: within

text: Nigeria

text: As

text: confraternities

text: have

text: extensive

text: connections

text: with

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: figures

text: they

text: offer

text: excellent

text: alumni

text: networking

text: opportunities

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Vikings

text: Confraternity

text: for

text: example

text: boasts

text: that

text: twelve

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Rivers

text: State

text: House

text: of

text: Assembly

text: are

text: cult

text: members

text: On

text: lower

text: levels

text: of

text: society

text: there

text: are

text: the

text: area

text: boys

text: organised

text: gangs

text: mostly

text: active

text: in

text: Lagos

text: who

text: specialise

text: in

text: mugging

text: and

text: small

text: scale

text: drug

text: dealing

text: According

text: to

text: official

text: statistics

text: gang

text: violence

text: in

text: Lagos

text: resulted

text: in

text: civilians

text: and

text: policemen

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: August

text: to

text: May

question: What is Nigeria's most popular organized-crime activity?

answer: drug trafficking

text: drug trafficking

question: What drug does Nigeria ship from Asia to Europe and America?

answer: heroin

text: heroin

question: What drug does Nigeria ship from South America to Europe and South Africa?

answer: cocaine

text: cocaine

question: How many civilians were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?

answer: 273

question: How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?

answer: 84


text: The neighbourhood of Thamel is Kathmandu's primary "traveller's ghetto", packed with guest houses, restaurants, shops, and bookstores, catering to tourists. Another neighbourhood of growing popularity is Jhamel, a name for Jhamsikhel coined to rhyme with Thamel. Jhochhen Tol, also known as Freak Street, is Kathmandu's original traveler's haunt, made popular by the hippies of the 1960s and 1970s; it remains a popular alternative to Thamel. Asan is a bazaar and ceremonial square on the old trade route to Tibet, and provides a fine example of a traditional neighbourhood.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: Thamel

text: is

text: Kathmandu

text: 's

text: primary

text: traveller

text: 's

text: ghetto

text: packed

text: with

text: guest

text: houses

text: restaurants

text: shops

text: and

text: bookstores

text: catering

text: to

text: tourists

text: Another

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: growing

text: popularity

text: is

text: Jhamel

text: a

text: name

text: for

text: Jhamsikhel

text: coined

text: to

text: rhyme

text: with

text: Thamel

text: Jhochhen

text: Tol

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Freak

text: Street

text: is

text: Kathmandu

text: 's

text: original

text: traveler

text: 's

text: haunt

text: made

text: popular

text: by

text: the

text: hippies

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: it

text: remains

text: a

text: popular

text: alternative

text: to

text: Thamel

text: Asan

text: is

text: a

text: bazaar

text: and

text: ceremonial

text: square

text: on

text: the

text: old

text: trade

text: route

text: to

text: Tibet

text: and

text: provides

text: a

text: fine

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: traditional

text: neighbourhood

question: What Kathmandu neighborhood is noted for its abundance of tourists?

answer: Thamel

text: Thamel

question: What neighborhood is also known as Jhamel?

answer: Jhamsikhel

text: Jhamsikhel

question: What is the traditional name for Freak Street?

answer: Jhochhen Tol

text: Jhochhen Tol

question: What tourists first brought attention to Jhocchen Tol?

answer: hippies

text: hippies


text: The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During this same period, the socialist movement began to form. In the mid-19th century, Marxism was developed, and socialism in general gained increasing popular support, mostly from the urban working class. Without breaking entirely from the past, Marx established principles that would be used by future revolutionaries of the 20th century namely Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh, and Fidel Castro. Though Hegel's philosophy of history is similar to Immanuel Kant's, and Karl Marx's theory of revolution towards the common good is partly based on Kant's view of history—Marx declared that he was turning Hegel's dialectic, which was "standing on its head", "the right side up again". Unlike Marx who believed in historical materialism, Hegel believed in the Phenomenology of Spirit. By the late 19th century, socialism and trade unions were established members of the political landscape. In addition, the various branches of anarchism, with thinkers such as Mikhail Bakunin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon or Peter Kropotkin, and syndicalism also gained some prominence. In the Anglo-American world, anti-imperialism and pluralism began gaining currency at the turn of the 20th century.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: The

text: Marxist

text: critique

text: of

text: capitalism

text: developed

text: with

text: Friedrich

text: Engels

text: was

text: alongside

text: liberalism

text: and

text: fascism

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: defining

text: ideological

text: movements

text: of

text: the

text: Twentieth

text: Century

text: The

text: industrial

text: revolution

text: produced

text: a

text: parallel

text: revolution

text: in

text: political

text: thought

text: Urbanization

text: and

text: capitalism

text: greatly

text: reshaped

text: society

text: During

text: this

text: same

text: period

text: the

text: socialist

text: movement

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Marxism

text: was

text: developed

text: and

text: socialism

text: in

text: general

text: gained

text: increasing

text: popular

text: support

text: mostly

text: from

text: the

text: urban

text: working

text: class

text: Without

text: breaking

text: entirely

text: from

text: the

text: past

text: Marx

text: established

text: principles

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: future

text: revolutionaries

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: namely

text: Vladimir

text: Lenin

text: Mao

text: Zedong

text: Ho

text: Chi

text: Minh

text: and

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: Though

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: philosophy

text: of

text: history

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: 's

text: and

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: revolution

text: towards

text: the

text: common

text: good

text: is

text: partly

text: based

text: on

text: Kant

text: 's

text: view

text: of

text: history

text: Marx

text: declared

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: turning

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: dialectic

text: which

text: was

text: standing

text: on

text: its

text: head

text: the

text: right

text: side

text: up

text: again

text: Unlike

text: Marx

text: who

text: believed

text: in

text: historical

text: materialism

text: Hegel

text: believed

text: in

text: the

text: Phenomenology

text: of

text: Spirit

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: socialism

text: and

text: trade

text: unions

text: were

text: established

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: political

text: landscape

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: various

text: branches

text: of

text: anarchism

text: with

text: thinkers

text: such

text: as

text: Mikhail

text: Bakunin

text: Pierre

text: Joseph

text: Proudhon

text: or

text: Peter

text: Kropotkin

text: and

text: syndicalism

text: also

text: gained

text: some

text: prominence

text: In

text: the

text: Anglo

text: American

text: world

text: anti

text: imperialism

text: and

text: pluralism

text: began

text: gaining

text: currency

text: at

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: Who developed the Marxist critique of capitalism?

answer: Friedrich Engels

text: Friedrich Engels

question: What was one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century?

answer: The Marxist critique of capitalism

text: The Marxist critique of capitalism

question: What produced a parallel revolution in political thought?

answer: The industrial revolution

text: The industrial revolution

question: Who developed liberalism and fascism?

text: Friedrich Engels

question: What revolution was parallel but urbanization and capitalism?

text: industrial

question: What movement formed in the mid-1900s?

text: socialist movement

question: Whose theory of revolution is similar to Immanuel Kant's philosophy of history?

text: Karl Marx's

question: Who were established members of the political landscape by the late 1900s?

text: socialism and trade unions

question: What political system was supported by capitalism?

text: socialism

question: What revolutionaries used Mikhail Bakunin's theories in the 20th century?

question: By the turn of the 20th century what two groups were established politically?

text: socialism and trade unions

question: In the late 19th century what two ideas were becoming prominent in the Anglo-American world?

text: anti-imperialism and pluralism

question: What was a defining movement of the Twentieth Century against capitalism, created by Vladamir Lenin?

text: The Marxist critique of capitalism


text: Although Whig grandees such as Portland and Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke's Appeal, they wished he had used more moderate language. Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing "the doctrines I have sworn by, long and long since". Francis Basset, a backbench Whig MP, wrote to Burke: "...though for reasons which I will not now detail I did not then deliver my sentiments, I most perfectly differ from Mr. Fox & from the great Body of opposition on the French Revolution". Burke sent a copy of the Appeal to the king and the king requested a friend to communicate to Burke that he had read it "with great Satisfaction". Burke wrote of its reception: "Not one word from one of our party. They are secretly galled. They agree with me to a title; but they dare not speak out for fear of hurting Fox. ... They leave me to myself; they see that I can do myself justice". Charles Burney viewed it as "a most admirable book—the best & most useful on political subjects that I have ever seen" but believed the differences in the Whig Party between Burke and Fox should not be aired publicly.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Although

text: Whig

text: grandees

text: such

text: as

text: Portland

text: and

text: Fitzwilliam

text: privately

text: agreed

text: with

text: Burke

text: 's

text: Appeal

text: they

text: wished

text: he

text: had

text: used

text: more

text: moderate

text: language

text: Fitzwilliam

text: saw

text: the

text: Appeal

text: as

text: containing

text: the

text: doctrines

text: I

text: have

text: sworn

text: by

text: long

text: and

text: long

text: since

text: Francis

text: Basset

text: a

text: backbench

text: Whig

text: MP

text: wrote

text: to

text: Burke

text: though

text: for

text: reasons

text: which

text: I

text: will

text: not

text: now

text: detail

text: I

text: did

text: not

text: then

text: deliver

text: my

text: sentiments

text: I

text: most

text: perfectly

text: differ

text: from

text: Mr.

text: Fox

text: from

text: the

text: great

text: Body

text: of

text: opposition

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Burke

text: sent

text: a

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: Appeal

text: to

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: the

text: king

text: requested

text: a

text: friend

text: to

text: communicate

text: to

text: Burke

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: read

text: it

text: with

text: great

text: Satisfaction

text: Burke

text: wrote

text: of

text: its

text: reception

text: Not

text: one

text: word

text: from

text: one

text: of

text: our

text: party

text: They

text: are

text: secretly

text: galled

text: They

text: agree

text: with

text: me

text: to

text: a

text: title

text: but

text: they

text: dare

text: not

text: speak

text: out

text: for

text: fear

text: of

text: hurting

text: Fox

text: They

text: leave

text: me

text: to

text: myself

text: they

text: see

text: that

text: I

text: can

text: do

text: myself

text: justice

text: Charles

text: Burney

text: viewed

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: most

text: admirable

text: book

text: the

text: best

text: most

text: useful

text: on

text: political

text: subjects

text: that

text: I

text: have

text: ever

text: seen

text: but

text: believed

text: the

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: Whig

text: Party

text: between

text: Burke

text: and

text: Fox

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: aired

text: publicly

question: Who thought Burke should have written in a more moderate tone?

answer: Portland and Fitzwilliam

text: Portland and Fitzwilliam

question: Who said he 'perfectly differed from Mr. Fox'?

answer: Francis Basset

text: Francis Basset

question: What was Francis Basset's political party?

answer: Whig

text: Whig

question: How did Burke think the Whigs secretly felt?

answer: galled

text: galled

question: Who thought Burke and Fox shouldn't have made their argument public?

answer: Charles Burney

text: Charles Burney

question: Who did Burke want to use more moderate language?

text: Portland and Fitzwilliam

question: What type of Whig was Fitzwilliam?

text: a backbench Whig MP,

question: Who claimed to be similar to Mr. Fox?

text: Francis Basset

question: Who did Basset send a copy of his letter to?

text: the king

question: Who wanted the argument to go public?

text: Charles Burney


text: The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: The

text: major

text: applications

text: of

text: copper

text: are

text: in

text: electrical

text: wires

text: roofing

text: and

text: plumbing

text: and

text: industrial

text: machinery

text: Copper

text: is

text: mostly

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: pure

text: metal

text: but

text: when

text: a

text: higher

text: hardness

text: is

text: required

text: it

text: is

text: combined

text: with

text: other

text: elements

text: to

text: make

text: an

text: alloy

text: of

text: total

text: use

text: such

text: as

text: brass

text: and

text: bronze

text: A

text: small

text: part

text: of

text: copper

text: supply

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: production

text: of

text: compounds

text: for

text: nutritional

text: supplements

text: and

text: fungicides

text: in

text: agriculture

text: Machining

text: of

text: copper

text: is

text: possible

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: necessary

text: to

text: use

text: an

text: alloy

text: for

text: intricate

text: parts

text: to

text: get

text: good

text: machinability

text: characteristics

question: What percentage of copper is used in electrical wires?

answer: 60%

question: What percentage of copper is used in roofing and plumbing?

answer: 20%

question: What percentage of copper is used in industrial machinery?

answer: 15%

question: What property does combining copper with brass or bronze create?

answer: hardness

text: hardness

question: What is a metal that copper is combined with to create a greater hardness?

answer: brass

text: brass

question: What percentage of copper is used in paper wires?

question: What percentage of copper is forbidden in roofing and plumbing?

question: What percentage of copper is destroyed by industrial machinery?

question: What property does combining copper with brass or bronze eliminate?

text: hardness

question: What is a plant that copper is combined with to create a smoother texture?

text: brass


text: The Puget Sound Convergence Zone is an important feature of Seattle's weather. In the convergence zone, air arriving from the north meets air flowing in from the south. Both streams of air originate over the Pacific Ocean; airflow is split by the Olympic Mountains to Seattle's west, then reunited to the east. When the air currents meet, they are forced upward, resulting in convection. Thunderstorms caused by this activity are usually weak and can occur north and south of town, but Seattle itself rarely receives more than occasional thunder and small hail showers. The Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm in December 2006 is an exception that brought heavy rain and winds gusting up to 69 mph (111 km/h), an event that was not caused by the Puget Sound Convergence Zone and was widespread across the Pacific Northwest.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: Puget

text: Sound

text: Convergence

text: Zone

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: feature

text: of

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: weather

text: In

text: the

text: convergence

text: zone

text: air

text: arriving

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: meets

text: air

text: flowing

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: Both

text: streams

text: of

text: air

text: originate

text: over

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: airflow

text: is

text: split

text: by

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Mountains

text: to

text: Seattle

text: 's

text: west

text: then

text: reunited

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: When

text: the

text: air

text: currents

text: meet

text: they

text: are

text: forced

text: upward

text: resulting

text: in

text: convection

text: Thunderstorms

text: caused

text: by

text: this

text: activity

text: are

text: usually

text: weak

text: and

text: can

text: occur

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: town

text: but

text: Seattle

text: itself

text: rarely

text: receives

text: more

text: than

text: occasional

text: thunder

text: and

text: small

text: hail

text: showers

text: The

text: Hanukkah

text: Eve

text: Wind

text: Storm

text: in

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: exception

text: that

text: brought

text: heavy

text: rain

text: and

text: winds

text: gusting

text: up

text: to

text: mph

text: km

text: h

text: an

text: event

text: that

text: was

text: not

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: Puget

text: Sound

text: Convergence

text: Zone

text: and

text: was

text: widespread

text: across

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Northwest

question: What is a very significant part of Seattle's weather system?

answer: Puget Sound Convergence Zone

text: Puget Sound Convergence Zone

question: Of what is the Convergence Zone comprised?

answer: streams of air

text: streams of air

question: From where do the two streams of air come?

answer: Pacific Ocean

text: Pacific Ocean

question: What mountain Range splits the wind stream in the west of Seattle?

answer: Olympic Mountains

text: Olympic Mountains

question: What bad wind and rain event was not caused by the Convergence Zone?

answer: Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm

text: Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm


text: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being constructed that will become part of the skyline of Utrecht. The second tallest building of the city, the Rabobank-tower, was completed in 2010 and stands 105 m (344.49 ft) tall. Two antennas will increase that height to 120 m (393.70 ft). Two other buildings were constructed around the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007). These buildings, the 'Kantoortoren Galghenwert' and 'Apollo Residence', stand 85.5 and 64.5 metres high respectively.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: Utrecht

text: 's

text: cityscape

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Dom

text: Tower

text: the

text: tallest

text: belfry

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: originally

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Saint

text: Martin

text: An

text: ongoing

text: debate

text: is

text: over

text: whether

text: any

text: building

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: town

text: should

text: surpass

text: the

text: Dom

text: Tower

text: in

text: height

text: m

text: Nevertheless

text: some

text: tall

text: buildings

text: are

text: now

text: being

text: constructed

text: that

text: will

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: skyline

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: The

text: second

text: tallest

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: Rabobank

text: tower

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: and

text: stands

text: m

text: ft

text: tall

text: Two

text: antennas

text: will

text: increase

text: that

text: height

text: to

text: m

text: ft

text: Two

text: other

text: buildings

text: were

text: constructed

text: around

text: the

text: Nieuw

text: Galgenwaard

text: stadium

text: These

text: buildings

text: the

text: Kantoortoren

text: Galghenwert

text: and

text: Apollo

text: Residence

text: stand

text: and

text: metres

text: high

text: respectively

question: what dominates the cityscape

answer: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin

text: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin

question: What is being debated in Utrecht

answer: An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m)

text: An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m)

question: What is the name of the stadium

answer: the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007)

text: the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007)

question: What is the tallest building in the Netherlands?

text: Dom Tower

question: what tower is 112 ft tall?

text: Dom Tower

question: What tower was completed int he 20th century?

text: Rabobank-tower

question: What addition to the Dom Towerwill make increase its height to 120m?

text: antennas


text: 155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: starts

text: on

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: at

text: Riverside

text: Drive

text: crossing

text: Broadway

text: Amsterdam

text: Avenue

text: and

text: St.

text: Nicholas

text: Avenue

text: At

text: St.

text: Nicholas

text: Place

text: the

text: terrain

text: drops

text: off

text: steeply

text: and

text: Street

text: is

text: carried

text: on

text: a

text: m

text: long

text: viaduct

text: a

text: City

text: Landmark

text: constructed

text: in

text: that

text: slopes

text: down

text: towards

text: the

text: Harlem

text: River

text: continuing

text: onto

text: the

text: Macombs

text: Dam

text: Bridge

text: crossing

text: over

text: but

text: not

text: intersecting

text: with

text: the

text: Harlem

text: River

text: Drive

text: A

text: separate

text: unconnected

text: section

text: of

text: Street

text: runs

text: under

text: the

text: viaduct

text: connecting

text: Bradhurst

text: Avenue

text: and

text: the

text: Harlem

text: River

text: Drive

question: Where does 155th Street start?

answer: Riverside Drive

text: Riverside Drive

question: 155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue?

answer: St. Nicholas

text: St. Nicholas

question: How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Street travels?

answer: 490

question: In what year was the viaduct along 155th Street constructed?

answer: 1893

question: A section of 155th Street connects Harlem River Drive and what Avenue?

answer: Bradhurst

text: Bradhurst


text: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her biological and only son, whose conception and birth are held to be miraculous. While the Orthodox Churches hold the position articulated in the Protoevangelium of James that Jesus' brothers and sisters are older children of Joseph the Betrothed, step-siblings from an earlier marriage that left him widowed, Roman Catholic teaching follows the Latin father Jerome in considering them Jesus' cousins.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: Perpetual

text: Virginity

text: of

text: Mary

text: asserts

text: Mary

text: 's

text: real

text: and

text: perpetual

text: virginity

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: giving

text: birth

text: to

text: the

text: Son

text: of

text: God

text: made

text: Man

text: The

text: term

text: Ever

text: Virgin

text: Greek

text: ἀειπάρθενος

text: is

text: applied

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: stating

text: that

text: Mary

text: remained

text: a

text: virgin

text: for

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: her

text: life

text: making

text: Jesus

text: her

text: biological

text: and

text: only

text: son

text: whose

text: conception

text: and

text: birth

text: are

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: miraculous

text: While

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Churches

text: hold

text: the

text: position

text: articulated

text: in

text: the

text: Protoevangelium

text: of

text: James

text: that

text: Jesus

text: brothers

text: and

text: sisters

text: are

text: older

text: children

text: of

text: Joseph

text: the

text: Betrothed

text: step

text: siblings

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: marriage

text: that

text: left

text: him

text: widowed

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: teaching

text: follows

text: the

text: Latin

text: father

text: Jerome

text: in

text: considering

text: them

text: Jesus

text: cousins

question: What term is used to describe the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life?

answer: Ever-Virgin

text: Ever-Virgin

question: Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins?

answer: Jerome

text: Jerome

question: Which churches teach that Jesus' brothers and sister were step-siblings from a previous marriage of Joseph the Betrothed?

answer: Orthodox Churches

text: Orthodox Churches

question: What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage?

answer: Protoevangelium of James

text: Protoevangelium of James

question: Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus?

answer: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary

text: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary

question: What is the name of the Latin father who is considered Jesus' cousin?

text: Jerome

question: What doctrine asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity before the act of giving birth to Jesus?

text: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary

question: What is the term used for Mary before giving birth to Jesus?

text: Ever-Virgin

question: Who wrote the Protoevangelium of James?

text: Joseph the Betrothed


text: The great angiosperm radiation, when a great diversity of angiosperms appears in the fossil record, occurred in the mid-Cretaceous (approximately 100 million years ago). However, a study in 2007 estimated that the division of the five most recent (the genus Ceratophyllum, the family Chloranthaceae, the eudicots, the magnoliids, and the monocots) of the eight main groups occurred around 140 million years ago. By the late Cretaceous, angiosperms appear to have dominated environments formerly occupied by ferns and cycadophytes, but large canopy-forming trees replaced conifers as the dominant trees only close to the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago or even later, at the beginning of the Tertiary. The radiation of herbaceous angiosperms occurred much later. Yet, many fossil plants recognizable as belonging to modern families (including beech, oak, maple, and magnolia) had already appeared by the late Cretaceous.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: The

text: great

text: angiosperm

text: radiation

text: when

text: a

text: great

text: diversity

text: of

text: angiosperms

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: Cretaceous

text: approximately

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: However

text: a

text: study

text: in

text: estimated

text: that

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: most

text: recent

text: the

text: genus

text: Ceratophyllum

text: the

text: family

text: Chloranthaceae

text: the

text: eudicots

text: the

text: magnoliids

text: and

text: the

text: monocots

text: of

text: the

text: eight

text: main

text: groups

text: occurred

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: Cretaceous

text: angiosperms

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: dominated

text: environments

text: formerly

text: occupied

text: by

text: ferns

text: and

text: cycadophytes

text: but

text: large

text: canopy

text: forming

text: trees

text: replaced

text: conifers

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: trees

text: only

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: or

text: even

text: later

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Tertiary

text: The

text: radiation

text: of

text: herbaceous

text: angiosperms

text: occurred

text: much

text: later

text: Yet

text: many

text: fossil

text: plants

text: recognizable

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: modern

text: families

text: including

text: beech

text: oak

text: maple

text: and

text: magnolia

text: had

text: already

text: appeared

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Cretaceous

question: When does a great diversity of angiosperms appear in the fossil record?

answer: approximately 100 million years ago

text: approximately 100 million years ago

question: What is the appearance of a large amount of angiosperms in the fossil record known as?

answer: great angiosperm radiation,

text: great angiosperm radiation,

question: When did the division of the eight main groups of angiosperms occur?

answer: 40 million years ago

text: 40 million years ago

question: What were the angiosperms up to by the late Cretaceous?

answer: dominated environments

text: dominated environments

question: Beech and maple had already appeared by what period?

answer: Cretaceous

text: Cretaceous

question: When does a diversity of magnoliids appear in the fossil record?

question: What is the appearance of ferns in the fossil record called?

text: great angiosperm radiation

question: By the end of the Tertiary, what did angiosperms dominate?

question: When did eudicots replace conifers as dominant trees?

question: When had eight main groups of Chloranthaceae recognizable as belonging to modern families appear?

text: by the late Cretaceous


text: People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it becomes workable for the production of materials for paving, roofing, and other applications. In examining the potential health hazards associated with asphalt, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that it is the application parameters, predominantly temperature, that effect occupational exposure and the potential bioavailable carcinogenic hazard/risk of the asphalt emissions. In particular, temperatures greater than 199 °C (390 °F), were shown to produce a greater exposure risk than when asphalt was heated to lower temperatures, such as those typically used in asphalt pavement mix production and placement.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: People

text: can

text: be

text: exposed

text: to

text: asphalt

text: in

text: the

text: workplace

text: by

text: breathing

text: in

text: fumes

text: or

text: skin

text: absorption

text: The

text: National

text: Institute

text: for

text: Occupational

text: Safety

text: and

text: Health

text: NIOSH

text: has

text: set

text: a

text: Recommended

text: exposure

text: limit

text: REL

text: of

text: mg

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: Asphalt

text: is

text: basically

text: an

text: inert

text: material

text: that

text: must

text: be

text: heated

text: or

text: diluted

text: to

text: a

text: point

text: where

text: it

text: becomes

text: workable

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: materials

text: for

text: paving

text: roofing

text: and

text: other

text: applications

text: In

text: examining

text: the

text: potential

text: health

text: hazards

text: associated

text: with

text: asphalt

text: the

text: International

text: Agency

text: for

text: Research

text: on

text: Cancer

text: IARC

text: determined

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: application

text: parameters

text: predominantly

text: temperature

text: that

text: effect

text: occupational

text: exposure

text: and

text: the

text: potential

text: bioavailable

text: carcinogenic

text: hazard

text: risk

text: of

text: the

text: asphalt

text: emissions

text: In

text: particular

text: temperatures

text: greater

text: than

text: C

text: F

text: were

text: shown

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: greater

text: exposure

text: risk

text: than

text: when

text: asphalt

text: was

text: heated

text: to

text: lower

text: temperatures

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: typically

text: used

text: in

text: asphalt

text: pavement

text: mix

text: production

text: and

text: placement

question: By what means can humans be exposed to bitumen?

answer: fumes or skin

text: fumes or skin

question: What is the nationally set limit for exposure of asphalt in a 15 minute period?

answer: 5 mg/m3

text: 5 mg/m3

question: How must asphalt be treated to be workable?

answer: heated or diluted

text: heated or diluted

question: At what temperatures is heated asphalt seen to be a greater health risk?

answer: greater than 199 °C

text: greater than 199 °C

question: What feature in the treatment of asphalt in the workplace causes the most potential danger?

answer: temperature

text: temperature

question: How can people be exposed to low temperatures while at work?

text: breathing in fumes or skin absorption

question: Temperatures higher than 300 degrees Celsius where shown to do what?

text: produce a greater exposure risk

question: What is the REL set by the National Institute for Research on Cancer?

text: 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period

question: What is the acronym for the International Agency for Research on Carcinogenic hazards?

text: IARC


text: The "Bleacher Bums" is a name given to fans, many of whom spend much of the day heckling, who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field. Initially, the group was called "bums" because it referred to a group of fans who were at most games, and since those games were all day games, it was assumed they did not work. Many of those fans were, and are still, students at Chicago area colleges, such as DePaul University, Loyola, Northwestern University, and Illinois-Chicago. A Broadway play, starring Joe Mantegna, Dennis Farina, Dennis Franz, and James Belushi ran for years and was based on a group of Cub fans who frequented the club's games. The group was started in 1967 by dedicated fans Ron Grousl, Tom Nall and "mad bugler" Mike Murphy, who was a sports radio host during mid days on Chicago-based WSCR AM 670 "The Score". Murphy alleges that Grousl started the Wrigley tradition of throwing back opposing teams' home run balls. The current group is headed by Derek Schaul (Derek the Five Dollar Kid). Prior to the 2006 season, they were updated, with new shops and private bar (The Batter's Eye) being added, and Bud Light bought naming rights to the bleacher section, dubbing them the Bud Light Bleachers. Bleachers at Wrigley are general admission, except during the playoffs. The bleachers have been referred to as the "World's Largest Beer Garden." A popular T-shirt (sold inside the park and licensed by the club) which says "Wrigley Bleachers" on the front and the phrase "Shut Up and Drink Your Beer" on the reverse fuels this stereotype.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: The

text: Bleacher

text: Bums

text: is

text: a

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: fans

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: spend

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: heckling

text: who

text: sit

text: in

text: the

text: bleacher

text: section

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: Initially

text: the

text: group

text: was

text: called

text: bums

text: because

text: it

text: referred

text: to

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: fans

text: who

text: were

text: at

text: most

text: games

text: and

text: since

text: those

text: games

text: were

text: all

text: day

text: games

text: it

text: was

text: assumed

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: work

text: Many

text: of

text: those

text: fans

text: were

text: and

text: are

text: still

text: students

text: at

text: Chicago

text: area

text: colleges

text: such

text: as

text: DePaul

text: University

text: Loyola

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: and

text: Illinois

text: Chicago

text: A

text: Broadway

text: play

text: starring

text: Joe

text: Mantegna

text: Dennis

text: Farina

text: Dennis

text: Franz

text: and

text: James

text: Belushi

text: ran

text: for

text: years

text: and

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Cub

text: fans

text: who

text: frequented

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: games

text: The

text: group

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: by

text: dedicated

text: fans

text: Ron

text: Grousl

text: Tom

text: Nall

text: and

text: mad

text: bugler

text: Mike

text: Murphy

text: who

text: was

text: a

text: sports

text: radio

text: host

text: during

text: mid

text: days

text: on

text: Chicago

text: based

text: WSCR

text: AM

text: The

text: Score

text: Murphy

text: alleges

text: that

text: Grousl

text: started

text: the

text: Wrigley

text: tradition

text: of

text: throwing

text: back

text: opposing

text: teams

text: home

text: run

text: balls

text: The

text: current

text: group

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: Derek

text: Schaul

text: Derek

text: the

text: Five

text: Dollar

text: Kid

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: season

text: they

text: were

text: updated

text: with

text: new

text: shops

text: and

text: private

text: bar

text: The

text: Batter

text: 's

text: Eye

text: being

text: added

text: and

text: Bud

text: Light

text: bought

text: naming

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: bleacher

text: section

text: dubbing

text: them

text: the

text: Bud

text: Light

text: Bleachers

text: Bleachers

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: are

text: general

text: admission

text: except

text: during

text: the

text: playoffs

text: The

text: bleachers

text: have

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: World

text: 's

text: Largest

text: Beer

text: Garden

text: A

text: popular

text: T

text: shirt

text: sold

text: inside

text: the

text: park

text: and

text: licensed

text: by

text: the

text: club

text: which

text: says

text: Wrigley

text: Bleachers

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: and

text: the

text: phrase

text: Shut

text: Up

text: and

text: Drink

text: Your

text: Beer

text: on

text: the

text: reverse

text: fuels

text: this

text: stereotype

question: What nickname has been given to the fans who sit in the bleacher section at Wrigley Field?

answer: Bleacher Bums

text: Bleacher Bums

question: Who heads the current group?

answer: Derek Schaul

text: Derek Schaul

question: What did Bud Light dub the bleacher section?

answer: the Bud Light Bleachers

text: the Bud Light Bleachers


text: Bush stated in an interview that the comment was "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency. In November 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for the Today show, West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush. "I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist", he told Lauer. "I believe that in a situation of high emotion like that we as human beings don't always choose the right words." The following day, Bush reacted to the apology in a live interview with Lauer saying he appreciated the rapper's remorse. "I'm not a hater", Bush said. "I don't hate Kanye West. I was talking about an environment in which people were willing to say things that hurt. Nobody wants to be called a racist if in your heart you believe in equality of races." Reactions were mixed, but some felt that West had no need to apologize. "It was not the particulars of your words that mattered, it was the essence of a feeling of the insensitivity towards our communities that many of us have felt for far too long", argued Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons. Bush himself was receptive to the apology, saying, "I appreciate that. It wasn't just Kanye West who was talking like that during Katrina, I cited him as an example, I cited others as an example as well. You know, I appreciate that."

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: Bush

text: stated

text: in

text: an

text: interview

text: that

text: the

text: comment

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: disgusting

text: moments

text: of

text: his

text: presidency

text: In

text: November

text: in

text: a

text: taped

text: interview

text: with

text: Matt

text: Lauer

text: for

text: the

text: Today

text: show

text: West

text: expressed

text: regret

text: for

text: his

text: criticism

text: of

text: Bush

text: I

text: would

text: tell

text: George

text: Bush

text: in

text: my

text: moment

text: of

text: frustration

text: I

text: did

text: n't

text: have

text: the

text: grounds

text: to

text: call

text: him

text: a

text: racist

text: he

text: told

text: Lauer

text: I

text: believe

text: that

text: in

text: a

text: situation

text: of

text: high

text: emotion

text: like

text: that

text: we

text: as

text: human

text: beings

text: do

text: n't

text: always

text: choose

text: the

text: right

text: words

text: The

text: following

text: day

text: Bush

text: reacted

text: to

text: the

text: apology

text: in

text: a

text: live

text: interview

text: with

text: Lauer

text: saying

text: he

text: appreciated

text: the

text: rapper

text: 's

text: remorse

text: I

text: 'm

text: not

text: a

text: hater

text: Bush

text: said

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: hate

text: Kanye

text: West

text: I

text: was

text: talking

text: about

text: an

text: environment

text: in

text: which

text: people

text: were

text: willing

text: to

text: say

text: things

text: that

text: hurt

text: Nobody

text: wants

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: a

text: racist

text: if

text: in

text: your

text: heart

text: you

text: believe

text: in

text: equality

text: of

text: races

text: Reactions

text: were

text: mixed

text: but

text: some

text: felt

text: that

text: West

text: had

text: no

text: need

text: to

text: apologize

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: particulars

text: of

text: your

text: words

text: that

text: mattered

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: essence

text: of

text: a

text: feeling

text: of

text: the

text: insensitivity

text: towards

text: our

text: communities

text: that

text: many

text: of

text: us

text: have

text: felt

text: for

text: far

text: too

text: long

text: argued

text: Def

text: Jam

text: co

text: founder

text: Russell

text: Simmons

text: Bush

text: himself

text: was

text: receptive

text: to

text: the

text: apology

text: saying

text: I

text: appreciate

text: that

text: It

text: was

text: n't

text: just

text: Kanye

text: West

text: who

text: was

text: talking

text: like

text: that

text: during

text: Katrina

text: I

text: cited

text: him

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: I

text: cited

text: others

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: as

text: well

text: You

text: know

text: I

text: appreciate

text: that

question: How did George W. Bush describe Kanye's controversial statement?

answer: "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency

text: "one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency

question: To which reporter did Kanye West express regret for his remark about President Bush?

answer: Matt Lauer

text: Matt Lauer


text: Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums. The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States, and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region. The collections of Thomas Gilcrease are housed in the Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: middle

text: percentile

text: in

text: per

text: capita

text: spending

text: on

text: the

text: arts

text: ranking

text: and

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: museums

text: The

text: Philbrook

text: Museum

text: of

text: Tulsa

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: fine

text: art

text: museums

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Sam

text: Noble

text: Oklahoma

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: in

text: Norman

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: university

text: based

text: art

text: and

text: history

text: museums

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: documents

text: the

text: natural

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: collections

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Gilcrease

text: are

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: Gilcrease

text: Museum

text: of

text: Tulsa

text: which

text: also

text: holds

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: most

text: comprehensive

text: collection

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: artifacts

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: West

question: How many museums are in Oklahoma?

answer: more than 300

text: more than 300

question: How does Oklahoma's per-capita arts spending rank?

answer: 17th

question: Where is the Philbrook Museum?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa

question: What kind of museum is the Philbrook?

answer: fine art

text: fine art

question: Where are Thomas Gilcrease's collections housed?

answer: Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa

text: Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa


text: Laird writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes, and that "these alliances with eastern Tibetan principalities are the evidence China now produces for its assertion that the Ming ruled Tibet," despite the fact that the Ming did not send an army to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet. Yiu Yung-chin states that the furthest western extent of the Ming dynasty's territory was Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan while "the Ming did not possess Tibet."

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Laird

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: appointed

text: titles

text: to

text: eastern

text: Tibetan

text: princes

text: and

text: that

text: these

text: alliances

text: with

text: eastern

text: Tibetan

text: principalities

text: are

text: the

text: evidence

text: China

text: now

text: produces

text: for

text: its

text: assertion

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: ruled

text: Tibet

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: did

text: not

text: send

text: an

text: army

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: Mongols

text: after

text: they

text: left

text: Tibet

text: Yiu

text: Yung

text: chin

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: furthest

text: western

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: territory

text: was

text: Gansu

text: Sichuan

text: and

text: Yunnan

text: while

text: the

text: Ming

text: did

text: not

text: possess

text: Tibet

question: Who did the Ming appoint titles to?

answer: eastern Tibetan princes

text: eastern Tibetan princes

question: What didn't the Ming send to replace the Mongols when they left Tibet?

answer: an army

text: an army

question: What does Yiu Yung-chin claim the Ming did not possess?

answer: Tibet

text: Tibet


text: Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: AC

text: has

text: spawned

text: subgenres

text: including

text: hot

text: AC

text: soft

text: AC

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: lite

text: AC

text: urban

text: AC

text: rhythmic

text: AC

text: and

text: Christian

text: AC

text: a

text: softer

text: type

text: of

text: contemporary

text: Christian

text: music

text: Some

text: stations

text: play

text: only

text: hot

text: AC

text: soft

text: AC

text: or

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: variety

text: of

text: subgenres

text: Therefore

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: usually

text: considered

text: a

text: specific

text: genre

text: of

text: music

text: it

text: is

text: merely

text: an

text: assemblage

text: of

text: selected

text: tracks

text: from

text: musicians

text: of

text: many

text: different

text: genres

question: What is lite AC otherwise known as?

answer: soft AC

text: soft AC

question: What is Christian AC a subgenre of?

answer: contemporary Christian music

text: contemporary Christian music

question: Along with hot, soft, urban and Christian AC, what is another prominent time of adult contemporary music?

answer: rhythmic AC

text: rhythmic AC


text: In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about "a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a "time element" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: In

text: June

text: Steven

text: Spielberg

text: announced

text: he

text: would

text: direct

text: a

text: scientifically

text: accurate

text: film

text: about

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: explorers

text: who

text: travel

text: through

text: a

text: worm

text: hole

text: and

text: into

text: another

text: dimension

text: from

text: a

text: treatment

text: by

text: Kip

text: Thorne

text: and

text: producer

text: Lynda

text: Obst

text: In

text: January

text: screenwriter

text: Jonathan

text: Nolan

text: met

text: with

text: them

text: to

text: discuss

text: adapting

text: Obst

text: and

text: Thorne

text: 's

text: treatment

text: into

text: a

text: narrative

text: screenplay

text: The

text: screenwriter

text: suggested

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: time

text: element

text: to

text: the

text: treatment

text: 's

text: basic

text: idea

text: which

text: was

text: welcomed

text: by

text: Obst

text: and

text: Thorne

text: In

text: March

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: Paramount

text: hired

text: Nolan

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: scientists

text: from

text: Caltech

text: forming

text: a

text: workshop

text: to

text: adapt

text: the

text: treatment

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: Interstellar

text: The

text: following

text: July

text: Kip

text: Thorne

text: said

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: push

text: by

text: people

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: portray

text: himself

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Spielberg

text: later

text: abandoned

text: Interstellar

text: which

text: was

text: eventually

text: directed

text: by

text: Christopher

text: Nolan

question: When did Spielberg announce what would become 'Interstellar'?

answer: June 2006

text: June 2006

question: Who took over directing 'Interstellar'?

answer: Christopher Nolan

text: Christopher Nolan

question: What was the concept for 'Interstellar'?

answer: a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension

text: a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension

question: Who wrote the 'Interstellar' script?

answer: Jonathan Nolan

text: Jonathan Nolan

question: What university provided scientific consultation for 'Interstellar'?

answer: Caltech

text: Caltech

question: In what year did Kip Thorne and Lynda Obst do a treatment of Interstellar?

question: In what year did Lynda Obst become a producer?

question: In what year did Jonathan Nolan become a screenwriter?

question: In what year did Christopher Nolan become a director?


text: The AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian an independent standard.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: The

text: AVL

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: Valencian

text: parliament

text: is

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: dictating

text: the

text: official

text: rules

text: governing

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Valencian

text: and

text: its

text: standard

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Norms

text: of

text: Castelló

text: Normes

text: de

text: Castelló

text: Currently

text: everyone

text: who

text: writes

text: in

text: Valencian

text: uses

text: this

text: standard

text: except

text: the

text: Royal

text: Academy

text: of

text: Valencian

text: Culture

text: Acadèmia

text: de

text: Cultura

text: Valenciana

text: RACV

text: which

text: uses

text: for

text: Valencian

text: an

text: independent

text: standard

question: Who established the AVL?

answer: Valencian parliament

text: Valencian parliament

question: Over what does the AVL  make rules governing?

answer: use of Valencian

text: use of Valencian

question: What is the AVL standard based on?

answer: Norms of Castelló

text: Norms of Castelló

question: Who uses this standard?

answer: everyone who writes

text: everyone who writes

question: Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own?

answer: Royal Academy of Valencian Culture

text: Royal Academy of Valencian Culture


text: The history of Jews in Greece goes back to at least the Archaic Era of Greece, when the classical culture of Greece was undergoing a process of formalization after the Greek Dark Age. The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he called "Palestinian Syrians", and listed them among the levied naval forces in service of the invading Persians. While Jewish monotheism was not deeply affected by Greek Polytheism, the Greek way of living was attractive for many wealthier Jews. The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is dated to the period between 267 and 396 CE. The Stobi Synagogue in Macedonia, was built on the ruins of a more ancient synagogue in the 4th century, while later in the 5th century, the synagogue was transformed into Christian basilica.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: Jews

text: in

text: Greece

text: goes

text: back

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: Archaic

text: Era

text: of

text: Greece

text: when

text: the

text: classical

text: culture

text: of

text: Greece

text: was

text: undergoing

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: formalization

text: after

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Age

text: The

text: Greek

text: historian

text: Herodotus

text: knew

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: whom

text: he

text: called

text: Palestinian

text: Syrians

text: and

text: listed

text: them

text: among

text: the

text: levied

text: naval

text: forces

text: in

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: invading

text: Persians

text: While

text: Jewish

text: monotheism

text: was

text: not

text: deeply

text: affected

text: by

text: Greek

text: Polytheism

text: the

text: Greek

text: way

text: of

text: living

text: was

text: attractive

text: for

text: many

text: wealthier

text: Jews

text: The

text: Synagogue

text: in

text: the

text: Agora

text: of

text: Athens

text: is

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: and

text: CE

text: The

text: Stobi

text: Synagogue

text: in

text: Macedonia

text: was

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: ruins

text: of

text: a

text: more

text: ancient

text: synagogue

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: while

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: synagogue

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: Christian

text: basilica

question: The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era?

answer: Archaic Era of Greece

text: Archaic Era of Greece

question: Which Greek historian knew of the Jews?

answer: Herodotus

text: Herodotus

question: What did the Greek historian Herodotus refer to the Jews as?

answer: "Palestinian Syrians"

text: "Palestinian Syrians"

question: The Greek historian Herodotus listed the Jews as the levied naval forces in service to whom?

answer: the invading Persians

text: the invading Persians

question: The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is dated to the period between which two dates?

answer: 267 and 396 CE

text: 267 and 396 CE


text: In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: In

text: Majorcan

text: unstressed

text: vowels

text: reduce

text: to

text: four

text: /a

text: e

text: ɛ/

text: follow

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Catalan

text: reduction

text: pattern

text: however

text: /o

text: ɔ/

text: reduce

text: to

text: o

text: with

text: /u/

text: remaining

text: distinct

text: as

text: in

text: Western

text: Catalan

question: In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four?

answer: Majorcan

text: Majorcan

question: What reduction pattern do some vowels follow?

answer: Eastern Catalan

text: Eastern Catalan

question: What other pattern do other vowels follow?

answer: Western Catalan

text: Western Catalan

question: What letter remains distinct?

answer: /u/

text: /u/

question: /u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan?

answer: Western Catalan

text: Western Catalan


text: The Somerset Levels (or Somerset Levels and Moors as they are less commonly but more correctly known) are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills. They consist of marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors. The Levels are divided into two by the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue. The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres) and broadly corresponds to the administrative district of Sedgemoor but also includes the south west of Mendip district. Approximately 70% of the area is grassland and 30% is arable. Stretching about 32 kilometres (20 mi) inland, this expanse of flat land barely rises above sea level. Before it was drained, much of the land was under a shallow brackish sea in winter and was marsh land in summer. Drainage began with the Romans, and was restarted at various times: by the Anglo-Saxons; in the Middle Ages by the Glastonbury Abbey, from 1400–1770; and during the Second World War, with the construction of the Huntspill River. Pumping and management of water levels still continues.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: The

text: Somerset

text: Levels

text: or

text: Somerset

text: Levels

text: and

text: Moors

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: less

text: commonly

text: but

text: more

text: correctly

text: known

text: are

text: a

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: wetland

text: area

text: of

text: central

text: Somerset

text: between

text: the

text: Quantock

text: and

text: Mendip

text: hills

text: They

text: consist

text: of

text: marine

text: clay

text: levels

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: and

text: the

text: inland

text: often

text: peat

text: based

text: moors

text: The

text: Levels

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: by

text: the

text: Polden

text: Hills

text: land

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: is

text: drained

text: by

text: the

text: River

text: Parrett

text: while

text: land

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: is

text: drained

text: by

text: the

text: River

text: Axe

text: and

text: the

text: River

text: Brue

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Levels

text: amounts

text: to

text: about

text: square

text: kilometres

text: acres

text: and

text: broadly

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: administrative

text: district

text: of

text: Sedgemoor

text: but

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Mendip

text: district

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: grassland

text: and

text: is

text: arable

text: Stretching

text: about

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: inland

text: this

text: expanse

text: of

text: flat

text: land

text: barely

text: rises

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Before

text: it

text: was

text: drained

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: was

text: under

text: a

text: shallow

text: brackish

text: sea

text: in

text: winter

text: and

text: was

text: marsh

text: land

text: in

text: summer

text: Drainage

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Romans

text: and

text: was

text: restarted

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: by

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: by

text: the

text: Glastonbury

text: Abbey

text: from

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: with

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Huntspill

text: River

text: Pumping

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: water

text: levels

text: still

text: continues

question: What are the Somerset levels

answer: are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills

text: are a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, between the Quantock and Mendip hills

question: what do the Somerset levels consist of

answer: marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors

text: marine clay levels along the coast, and the inland (often peat based) moors

question: what are the 2 sections of the somerset levels

answer: the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue

text: the Polden Hills; land to the south is drained by the River Parrett while land to the north is drained by the River Axe and the River Brue

question: What is the total area of the levels

answer: The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres)

text: The total area of the Levels amounts to about 647.5 square kilometres (160,000 acres)

question: who started drainage of the Somerset levels

answer: the Romans, and was restarted at various times: by the Anglo-Saxons

text: the Romans, and was restarted at various times: by the Anglo-Saxons

question: How many people live in the sparsely populated Somerset Levels?

question: What is the total area of the Polden Hills?

text: 647.5 square kilometres

question: How long are the Polden Hills?

text: 32 kilometres

question: What lies east of the Somerset Levels?

text: Polden Hills

question: How long is the River Brue?

text: 20 mi


text: The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to achieve another first, launching Voskhod 1 on October 12, 1964, the first spacecraft with a three-cosmonaut crew. The USSR touted another technological achievement during this mission: it was the first space flight during which cosmonauts performed in a shirt-sleeve-environment. However, flying without spacesuits was not due to safety improvements in the Soviet spacecraft's environmental systems; rather this innovation was accomplished because the craft's limited cabin space did not allow for spacesuits. Flying without spacesuits exposed the cosmonauts to significant risk in the event of potentially fatal cabin depressurization. This feat would not be repeated until the US Apollo Command Module flew in 1968; this later mission was designed from the outset to safely transport three astronauts in a shirt-sleeve environment while in space.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: greater

text: advances

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: space

text: program

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: allowed

text: their

text: space

text: program

text: to

text: achieve

text: other

text: significant

text: firsts

text: including

text: the

text: first

text: EVA

text: spacewalk

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: mission

text: performed

text: by

text: a

text: crew

text: in

text: shirt

text: sleeves

text: Gemini

text: took

text: a

text: year

text: longer

text: than

text: planned

text: to

text: accomplish

text: its

text: first

text: flight

text: allowing

text: the

text: Soviets

text: to

text: achieve

text: another

text: first

text: launching

text: Voskhod

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: first

text: spacecraft

text: with

text: a

text: three

text: cosmonaut

text: crew

text: The

text: USSR

text: touted

text: another

text: technological

text: achievement

text: during

text: this

text: mission

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: space

text: flight

text: during

text: which

text: cosmonauts

text: performed

text: in

text: a

text: shirt

text: sleeve

text: environment

text: However

text: flying

text: without

text: spacesuits

text: was

text: not

text: due

text: to

text: safety

text: improvements

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: spacecraft

text: 's

text: environmental

text: systems

text: rather

text: this

text: innovation

text: was

text: accomplished

text: because

text: the

text: craft

text: 's

text: limited

text: cabin

text: space

text: did

text: not

text: allow

text: for

text: spacesuits

text: Flying

text: without

text: spacesuits

text: exposed

text: the

text: cosmonauts

text: to

text: significant

text: risk

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: potentially

text: fatal

text: cabin

text: depressurization

text: This

text: feat

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: repeated

text: until

text: the

text: US

text: Apollo

text: Command

text: Module

text: flew

text: in

text: this

text: later

text: mission

text: was

text: designed

text: from

text: the

text: outset

text: to

text: safely

text: transport

text: three

text: astronauts

text: in

text: a

text: shirt

text: sleeve

text: environment

text: while

text: in

text: space

question: On what date was the first successful three man astronaut crew?

answer: October 12, 1964

text: October 12, 1964

question: The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was?

answer: Voskhod 1

text: Voskhod 1

question: The US Apollo Command Module flew without spacesuits in what year?

answer: 1968


text: By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and phosphate industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization. He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private hands. This effort achieved a measure of success, with increased agricultural production and investment in industrialization. Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs. Nasser also decided to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the construction of the Aswan Dam to replace the withdrawal of US funds.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Nasser

text: nationalized

text: all

text: remaining

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: assets

text: in

text: Egypt

text: including

text: the

text: tobacco

text: cement

text: pharmaceutical

text: and

text: phosphate

text: industries

text: When

text: efforts

text: to

text: offer

text: tax

text: incentives

text: and

text: attract

text: outside

text: investments

text: yielded

text: no

text: tangible

text: results

text: he

text: nationalized

text: more

text: companies

text: and

text: made

text: them

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: economic

text: development

text: organization

text: He

text: stopped

text: short

text: of

text: total

text: government

text: control

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: was

text: still

text: in

text: private

text: hands

text: This

text: effort

text: achieved

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: success

text: with

text: increased

text: agricultural

text: production

text: and

text: investment

text: in

text: industrialization

text: Nasser

text: initiated

text: the

text: Helwan

text: steelworks

text: which

text: subsequently

text: became

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: largest

text: enterprise

text: providing

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: product

text: and

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: jobs

text: Nasser

text: also

text: decided

text: to

text: cooperate

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Aswan

text: Dam

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: US

text: funds

question: What nations' assets did Nasser nationalize in 1957?

answer: British and French

text: British and French

question: How much of the economy was not controlled by Nassir's government?

answer: two-thirds

text: two-thirds

question: What entity did Nasser spearhead that was a boon for Egypt's economy?

answer: Helwan steelworks

text: Helwan steelworks

question: What nation did Nasser join economic forces with?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What project did Nasser cooperate with the Soviet Union on?

answer: Aswan Dam

text: Aswan Dam


text: Stems mainly provide support to the leaves and reproductive structures, but can store water in succulent plants such as cacti, food as in potato tubers, or reproduce vegetatively as in the stolons of strawberry plants or in the process of layering. Leaves gather sunlight and carry out photosynthesis. Large, flat, flexible, green leaves are called foliage leaves. Gymnosperms, such as conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes are seed-producing plants with open seeds. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds. Woody plants, such as azaleas and oaks, undergo a secondary growth phase resulting in two additional types of tissues: wood (secondary xylem) and bark (secondary phloem and cork). All gymnosperms and many angiosperms are woody plants. Some plants reproduce sexually, some asexually, and some via both means.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Stems

text: mainly

text: provide

text: support

text: to

text: the

text: leaves

text: and

text: reproductive

text: structures

text: but

text: can

text: store

text: water

text: in

text: succulent

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: cacti

text: food

text: as

text: in

text: potato

text: tubers

text: or

text: reproduce

text: vegetatively

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: stolons

text: of

text: strawberry

text: plants

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: layering

text: Leaves

text: gather

text: sunlight

text: and

text: carry

text: out

text: photosynthesis

text: Large

text: flat

text: flexible

text: green

text: leaves

text: are

text: called

text: foliage

text: leaves

text: Gymnosperms

text: such

text: as

text: conifers

text: cycads

text: Ginkgo

text: and

text: gnetophytes

text: are

text: seed

text: producing

text: plants

text: with

text: open

text: seeds

text: Angiosperms

text: are

text: seed

text: producing

text: plants

text: that

text: produce

text: flowers

text: and

text: have

text: enclosed

text: seeds

text: Woody

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: azaleas

text: and

text: oaks

text: undergo

text: a

text: secondary

text: growth

text: phase

text: resulting

text: in

text: two

text: additional

text: types

text: of

text: tissues

text: wood

text: secondary

text: xylem

text: and

text: bark

text: secondary

text: phloem

text: and

text: cork

text: All

text: gymnosperms

text: and

text: many

text: angiosperms

text: are

text: woody

text: plants

text: Some

text: plants

text: reproduce

text: sexually

text: some

text: asexually

text: and

text: some

text: via

text: both

text: means

question: What are the stems used for in cacti?

answer: store water

text: store water

question: For what are leaves used?

answer: gather sunlight

text: gather sunlight

question: What are angiosperms?

answer: plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds

text: plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds

question: What kind of plants are gymnosperms?

answer: woody plants

text: woody plants

question: What kind of leaves are large and flat?

answer: foliage leaves

text: foliage leaves


text: In 121 BC, Han forces expelled the Xiongnu from a vast territory spanning the Hexi Corridor to Lop Nur. They repelled a joint Xiongnu-Qiang invasion of this northwestern territory in 111 BC. In that year, the Han court established four new frontier commanderies in this region: Jiuquan, Zhangyi, Dunhuang, and Wuwei. The majority of people on the frontier were soldiers. On occasion, the court forcibly moved peasant farmers to new frontier settlements, along with government-owned slaves and convicts who performed hard labor. The court also encouraged commoners, such as farmers, merchants, landowners, and hired laborers, to voluntarily migrate to the frontier.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: In

text: BC

text: Han

text: forces

text: expelled

text: the

text: Xiongnu

text: from

text: a

text: vast

text: territory

text: spanning

text: the

text: Hexi

text: Corridor

text: to

text: Lop

text: Nur

text: They

text: repelled

text: a

text: joint

text: Xiongnu

text: Qiang

text: invasion

text: of

text: this

text: northwestern

text: territory

text: in

text: BC

text: In

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: Han

text: court

text: established

text: four

text: new

text: frontier

text: commanderies

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: Jiuquan

text: Zhangyi

text: Dunhuang

text: and

text: Wuwei

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: people

text: on

text: the

text: frontier

text: were

text: soldiers

text: On

text: occasion

text: the

text: court

text: forcibly

text: moved

text: peasant

text: farmers

text: to

text: new

text: frontier

text: settlements

text: along

text: with

text: government

text: owned

text: slaves

text: and

text: convicts

text: who

text: performed

text: hard

text: labor

text: The

text: court

text: also

text: encouraged

text: commoners

text: such

text: as

text: farmers

text: merchants

text: landowners

text: and

text: hired

text: laborers

text: to

text: voluntarily

text: migrate

text: to

text: the

text: frontier

question: Who made up a majority of the people on the frontier?

answer: soldiers

text: soldiers

question: Who forced peasant farmers to move to new settlements?

answer: the court

text: the court

question: In what year did Han forces stop a joint Xiongnu-Qiang invasion?

answer: 111 BC

text: 111 BC

question: Where were landowners encouraged to migrate willingly to?

answer: the frontier

text: the frontier

question: How many commanderies in the new frontier were created by the Han court in the year 111 BC?

answer: four

text: four


text: Although professional wrestling in Mexico (lucha libre) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized. Wrestlers in Mexico are traditionally more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers than professional wrestlers in the U.S. who, more often, rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents. The difference in styles is due to the independent evolution of the sport in Mexico beginning in the 1930s and the fact that wrestlers in the cruiserweight division (peso semicompleto) are often the most popular wrestlers in Mexican lucha libre. Wrestlers often execute high flying moves characteristic of lucha libre by utilizing the wrestling ring's ropes to catapult themselves towards their opponents, using intricate combinations in rapid-fire succession, and applying complex submission holds. Lucha libre is also known for its tag team wrestling matches, in which the teams are often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Although

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: in

text: Mexico

text: lucha

text: libre

text: also

text: has

text: stories

text: and

text: characters

text: they

text: are

text: less

text: emphasized

text: Wrestlers

text: in

text: Mexico

text: are

text: traditionally

text: more

text: agile

text: and

text: perform

text: more

text: aerial

text: maneuvers

text: than

text: professional

text: wrestlers

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: who

text: more

text: often

text: rely

text: on

text: power

text: moves

text: and

text: strikes

text: to

text: subdue

text: their

text: opponents

text: The

text: difference

text: in

text: styles

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: independent

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: sport

text: in

text: Mexico

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: wrestlers

text: in

text: the

text: cruiserweight

text: division

text: peso

text: semicompleto

text: are

text: often

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: wrestlers

text: in

text: Mexican

text: lucha

text: libre

text: Wrestlers

text: often

text: execute

text: high

text: flying

text: moves

text: characteristic

text: of

text: lucha

text: libre

text: by

text: utilizing

text: the

text: wrestling

text: ring

text: 's

text: ropes

text: to

text: catapult

text: themselves

text: towards

text: their

text: opponents

text: using

text: intricate

text: combinations

text: in

text: rapid

text: fire

text: succession

text: and

text: applying

text: complex

text: submission

text: holds

text: Lucha

text: libre

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: tag

text: team

text: wrestling

text: matches

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: teams

text: are

text: often

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: three

text: members

text: instead

text: of

text: two

text: as

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

question: How do characters differ in Mexican wrestling?

answer: they are less emphasized

text: they are less emphasized

question: How are Mexican wrestlers different?

answer: more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers

text: more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers

question: What do American wrestlers depend on?

answer: rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents

text: rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents

question: What else is lucha libre known for?

answer: tag team wrestling matches

text: tag team wrestling matches

question: How does lucha libre's tag team matches differ?

answer: often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S

text: often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S


text: In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, "What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzińska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, "My tragedy". Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: In

text: at

text: a

text: party

text: hosted

text: by

text: Marie

text: d'Agoult

text: Chopin

text: met

text: the

text: French

text: author

text: George

text: Sand

text: born

text: Amantine

text: Aurore

text: Lucile

text: Dupin

text: Short

text: under

text: five

text: feet

text: or

text: cm

text: dark

text: big

text: eyed

text: and

text: a

text: cigar

text: smoker

text: she

text: initially

text: repelled

text: Chopin

text: who

text: remarked

text: What

text: an

text: unattractive

text: person

text: la

text: Sand

text: is

text: Is

text: she

text: really

text: a

text: woman

text: However

text: by

text: early

text: Maria

text: Wodzińska

text: 's

text: mother

text: had

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: to

text: Chopin

text: in

text: correspondence

text: that

text: a

text: marriage

text: with

text: her

text: daughter

text: was

text: unlikely

text: to

text: proceed

text: It

text: is

text: thought

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: his

text: poor

text: health

text: and

text: possibly

text: also

text: by

text: rumours

text: about

text: his

text: associations

text: with

text: women

text: such

text: as

text: d'Agoult

text: and

text: Sand

text: Chopin

text: finally

text: placed

text: the

text: letters

text: from

text: Maria

text: and

text: her

text: mother

text: in

text: a

text: package

text: on

text: which

text: he

text: wrote

text: in

text: Polish

text: My

text: tragedy

text: Sand

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: Grzymała

text: of

text: June

text: admitted

text: strong

text: feelings

text: for

text: the

text: composer

text: and

text: debated

text: whether

text: to

text: abandon

text: a

text: current

text: affair

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: begin

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: Chopin

text: she

text: asked

text: Grzymała

text: to

text: assess

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: Maria

text: Wodzińska

text: without

text: realising

text: that

text: the

text: affair

text: at

text: least

text: from

text: Maria

text: 's

text: side

text: was

text: over

question: Who was the host of the gathering where Frédéric was introduced to George Sand?

answer: Marie d'Agoult

text: Marie d'Agoult

question: What did Frédéric label the place in which he placed Maria and her mother's letters about the unlikely marriage?

answer: My tragedy

text: My tragedy

question: Who did George Sand write to when admitting having a strong affection for Frédéric?

answer: Grzymała

text: Grzymała

question: What is the name of the author Chopin met at a gathering put on by Marie d'Agoult?

answer: George Sand

text: George Sand

question: What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska?

answer: his poor health

text: his poor health

question: What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother?

answer: My tragedy

text: My tragedy

question: Who hosted the party whre Chopin met George Sand?

answer: Marie d'Agoult

text: Marie d'Agoult

question: What year did Maria Wodzińska's mother tell Chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter?

answer: 1837

question: What did Chopin write on the package that contained letters from Maria and her mother?

answer: My tragedy

text: My tragedy

question: Who did Sand confide to in a letter about her feelings for Chopin in June, 1838?

answer: Grzymała

text: Grzymała


text: The accomplished and awarded writers (poets, novelists, dramatists, nonfiction writers) who have lived in Tucson include Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace. Some were associated with the University of Arizona, but many were independent writers who chose to make Tucson their home. The city is particularly active in publishing and presenting contemporary innovative poetry in various ways. Examples are the Chax Press, a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions, and the University of Arizona Poetry Center, which has a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: The

text: accomplished

text: and

text: awarded

text: writers

text: poets

text: novelists

text: dramatists

text: nonfiction

text: writers

text: who

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: Tucson

text: include

text: Edward

text: Abbey

text: Erskine

text: Caldwell

text: Barbara

text: Kingsolver

text: and

text: David

text: Foster

text: Wallace

text: Some

text: were

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: but

text: many

text: were

text: independent

text: writers

text: who

text: chose

text: to

text: make

text: Tucson

text: their

text: home

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: particularly

text: active

text: in

text: publishing

text: and

text: presenting

text: contemporary

text: innovative

text: poetry

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: Examples

text: are

text: the

text: Chax

text: Press

text: a

text: publisher

text: of

text: poetry

text: books

text: in

text: trade

text: and

text: book

text: arts

text: editions

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: Poetry

text: Center

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: sizable

text: poetry

text: library

text: and

text: presents

text: readings

text: conferences

text: and

text: workshops

question: What famous writers have lived in Tucson?

answer: Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace

text: Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace

question: What is the Chax Press?

answer: a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions

text: a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions

question: What does the University of Arizona Poetry Center offer?

answer: a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops

text: a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops

question: What university were some of Tucson's famous writers associated with?

answer: University of Arizona

text: University of Arizona


text: Al-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in 975 by the Ismaʻīlī Shīʻī Fatimid dynasty as a jāmiʻah, had individual faculties for a theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy and logic in Islamic philosophy. The postgraduate doctorate in law was only obtained after "an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses", and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose." ‘Abd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī also delivered lectures on Islamic medicine at al-Azhar, while Maimonides delivered lectures on medicine and astronomy there during the time of Saladin. Another early jāmiʻah was the Niẓāmīyah of Baghdād (founded 1091), which has been called the "largest university of the Medieval world." Mustansiriya University, established by the ʻAbbāsid caliph al-Mustanṣir in 1233, in addition to teaching the religious subjects, offered courses dealing with philosophy, mathematics and the natural sciences.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Al

text: Azhar

text: University

text: founded

text: in

text: Cairo

text: Egypt

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Ismaʻīlī

text: Shīʻī

text: Fatimid

text: dynasty

text: as

text: a

text: jāmiʻah

text: had

text: individual

text: faculties

text: for

text: a

text: theological

text: seminary

text: Islamic

text: law

text: and

text: jurisprudence

text: Arabic

text: grammar

text: Islamic

text: astronomy

text: early

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

text: and

text: logic

text: in

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

text: The

text: postgraduate

text: doctorate

text: in

text: law

text: was

text: only

text: obtained

text: after

text: an

text: oral

text: examination

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: originality

text: of

text: the

text: candidate

text: 's

text: theses

text: and

text: to

text: test

text: the

text: student

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: defend

text: them

text: against

text: all

text: objections

text: in

text: disputations

text: set

text: up

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: Abd

text: al

text: Laṭīf

text: al

text: Baghdādī

text: also

text: delivered

text: lectures

text: on

text: Islamic

text: medicine

text: at

text: al

text: Azhar

text: while

text: Maimonides

text: delivered

text: lectures

text: on

text: medicine

text: and

text: astronomy

text: there

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Saladin

text: Another

text: early

text: jāmiʻah

text: was

text: the

text: Niẓāmīyah

text: of

text: Baghdād

text: founded

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: largest

text: university

text: of

text: the

text: Medieval

text: world

text: Mustansiriya

text: University

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: ʻAbbāsid

text: caliph

text: al

text: Mustanṣir

text: in

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: teaching

text: the

text: religious

text: subjects

text: offered

text: courses

text: dealing

text: with

text: philosophy

text: mathematics

text: and

text: the

text: natural

text: sciences

question: When was Al-Azhar University founded?

answer: 975

question: Where is Al-Azhar University located?

answer: Cairo, Egypt

text: Cairo, Egypt

question: What was required to earn a law degree at Al-Azhar University?

answer: an oral examination

text: an oral examination

question: Who was an astronomy professor at Al-Azhar University?

answer: Maimonides

text: Maimonides

question: What is Nizamiyah of Baghdad most known for?

answer: largest university of the Medieval world

text: largest university of the Medieval world