text: Chickens are medium-sized, chunky birds with an upright stance and characterised by fleshy red combs and wattles on their heads. Males, known as cocks, are usually larger, more boldly coloured, and have more exaggerated plumage than females (hens). Chickens are gregarious, omnivorous, ground-dwelling birds that in their natural surroundings search among the leaf litter for seeds, invertebrates, and other small animals. They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached. Today's domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is mainly descended from the wild red junglefowl of Asia, with some additional input from grey junglefowl. Domestication is believed to have taken place between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago, and what are thought to be fossilized chicken bones have been found in northeastern China dated to around 5,400 BC. Archaeologists believe domestication was originally for the purpose of cockfighting, the male bird being a doughty fighter. By 4,000 years ago, chickens seem to have reached the Indus Valley and 250 years later, they arrived in Egypt. They were still used for fighting and were regarded as symbols of fertility. The Romans used them in divination, and the Egyptians made a breakthrough when they learned the difficult technique of artificial incubation. Since then, the keeping of chickens has spread around the world for the production of food with the domestic fowl being a valuable source of both eggs and meat.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Chickens

text: are

text: medium

text: sized

text: chunky

text: birds

text: with

text: an

text: upright

text: stance

text: and

text: characterised

text: by

text: fleshy

text: red

text: combs

text: and

text: wattles

text: on

text: their

text: heads

text: Males

text: known

text: as

text: cocks

text: are

text: usually

text: larger

text: more

text: boldly

text: coloured

text: and

text: have

text: more

text: exaggerated

text: plumage

text: than

text: females

text: hens

text: Chickens

text: are

text: gregarious

text: omnivorous

text: ground

text: dwelling

text: birds

text: that

text: in

text: their

text: natural

text: surroundings

text: search

text: among

text: the

text: leaf

text: litter

text: for

text: seeds

text: invertebrates

text: and

text: other

text: small

text: animals

text: They

text: seldom

text: fly

text: except

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: perceived

text: danger

text: preferring

text: to

text: run

text: into

text: the

text: undergrowth

text: if

text: approached

text: Today

text: 's

text: domestic

text: chicken

text: Gallus

text: gallus

text: domesticus

text: is

text: mainly

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: wild

text: red

text: junglefowl

text: of

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: additional

text: input

text: from

text: grey

text: junglefowl

text: Domestication

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: taken

text: place

text: between

text: and

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: what

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: fossilized

text: chicken

text: bones

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: northeastern

text: China

text: dated

text: to

text: around

text: BC

text: Archaeologists

text: believe

text: domestication

text: was

text: originally

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: cockfighting

text: the

text: male

text: bird

text: being

text: a

text: doughty

text: fighter

text: By

text: years

text: ago

text: chickens

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: reached

text: the

text: Indus

text: Valley

text: and

text: years

text: later

text: they

text: arrived

text: in

text: Egypt

text: They

text: were

text: still

text: used

text: for

text: fighting

text: and

text: were

text: regarded

text: as

text: symbols

text: of

text: fertility

text: The

text: Romans

text: used

text: them

text: in

text: divination

text: and

text: the

text: Egyptians

text: made

text: a

text: breakthrough

text: when

text: they

text: learned

text: the

text: difficult

text: technique

text: of

text: artificial

text: incubation

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: keeping

text: of

text: chickens

text: has

text: spread

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: food

text: with

text: the

text: domestic

text: fowl

text: being

text: a

text: valuable

text: source

text: of

text: both

text: eggs

text: and

text: meat

question: What are male chickens called ?

answer: cocks

text: cocks

question: How are male chickens able to be identified ?

answer: cocks, are usually larger, more boldly coloured, and have more exaggerated plumage than females (hens).

text: cocks, are usually larger, more boldly coloured, and have more exaggerated plumage than females (hens).

question: What do chickens normally consume when in the natural wild environment?

answer: in their natural surroundings search among the leaf litter for seeds, invertebrates, and other small animals.

text: in their natural surroundings search among the leaf litter for seeds, invertebrates, and other small animals.

question: Do chickens fly like other birds?

answer: They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached.

text: They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached.

question: From what birds are chickens decended from ?

answer: Today's domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is mainly descended from the wild red junglefowl of Asia

text: Today's domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is mainly descended from the wild red junglefowl of Asia

question: What are characterized by red wattles on their heads?

text: Chickens

question: What do hens have more exaggerated plumage than?

text: cocks

question: What is thought to have taken place 1,000 to 17,000 years ago?

text: Domestication

question: What has been found in China dating back to 4500 BC?

text: fossilized chicken bones

question: Where did chickens reach by 4250 years ago?

text: Indus Valley

question: What are male chickens never allowed to be called?

text: cocks

question: What do chickens always consume when in artificial environments?

question: Why are chickens unable to fly?

question: What birds are chickens superior to?

text: wild red junglefowl of Asia

question: When did the domestication of chickens fail?

text: between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago


text: The service's B-2A aircraft entered service in the 1990s, its B-1B aircraft in the 1980s and its current B-52H aircraft in the early 1960s. The B-52 Stratofortress airframe design is over 60 years old and the B-52H aircraft currently in the active inventory were all built between 1960 and 1962. The B-52H is scheduled to remain in service for another 30 years, which would keep the airframe in service for nearly 90 years, an unprecedented length of service for any aircraft. The B-21 is projected to replace the B-52 and parts of the B-1B force by the mid-2020s.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: service

text: 's

text: aircraft

text: entered

text: service

text: in

text: the

text: its

text: aircraft

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: its

text: current

text: aircraft

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: Stratofortress

text: airframe

text: design

text: is

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: and

text: the

text: aircraft

text: currently

text: in

text: the

text: active

text: inventory

text: were

text: all

text: built

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: is

text: scheduled

text: to

text: remain

text: in

text: service

text: for

text: another

text: years

text: which

text: would

text: keep

text: the

text: airframe

text: in

text: service

text: for

text: nearly

text: years

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: length

text: of

text: service

text: for

text: any

text: aircraft

text: The

text: is

text: projected

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: force

text: by

text: the

question: When did the B-2A aircraft enter into service of the US Air Force?

answer: 1990s

question: When did the USAF introduce the B-1B aircraft?

answer: 1980s

question: What aircraft in the USAF was introduced in the 1960s?

answer: B-52H

question: How long is the B-52H scheduled to remain in service of the USAF?

answer: 30 years

text: 30 years

question: What aircraft is scheduled to replace the B-52 in the USAF?

answer: B-21


text: Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as a valid representation of human biological diversity, except for forensic anthropologists. He asked, "If races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them?" He concluded:

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Similarly

text: forensic

text: anthropologists

text: draw

text: on

text: highly

text: heritable

text: morphological

text: features

text: of

text: human

text: remains

text: e.g.

text: cranial

text: measurements

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: including

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: race

text: In

text: a

text: article

text: anthropologist

text: Norman

text: Sauer

text: noted

text: that

text: anthropologists

text: had

text: generally

text: abandoned

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: race

text: as

text: a

text: valid

text: representation

text: of

text: human

text: biological

text: diversity

text: except

text: for

text: forensic

text: anthropologists

text: He

text: asked

text: If

text: races

text: do

text: n't

text: exist

text: why

text: are

text: forensic

text: anthropologists

text: so

text: good

text: at

text: identifying

text: them

text: He

text: concluded

question: What morphological features do forensic anthropologists draw on?

answer: highly heritable

text: highly heritable

question: What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body?

answer: cranial

text: cranial

question: Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid?

answer: Norman Sauer

text: Norman Sauer

question: What group still uses race as a valid means to represent human biological diversity?

answer: forensic anthropologists

text: forensic anthropologists

question: What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying?

answer: races

text: races


text: Literature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Ming dynasty) for its association with Chinese opera, developmental trends of Classical Chinese poetry, the transition to a greater role for vernacular language, and for poetry by women in Chinese culture. The Qing dynasty was a period of much literary collection and criticism, and many of the modern popular versions of Classical Chinese poems were transmitted through Qing dynasty anthologies, such as the Quantangshi and the Three Hundred Tang Poems. Pu Songling brought the short story form to a new level in his Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, published in the mid-18th century, and Shen Fu demonstrated the charm of the informal memoir in Six Chapters of a Floating Life, written in the early 19th century but published only in 1877. The art of the novel reached a pinnacle in Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber, but its combination of social commentary and psychological insight were echoed in highly skilled novels such as Wu Jingzi's The Scholars (1750) and Li Ruzhen's Flowers in the Mirror (1827).

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Literature

text: grew

text: to

text: new

text: heights

text: in

text: the

text: Qing

text: period

text: Poetry

text: continued

text: as

text: a

text: mark

text: of

text: the

text: cultivated

text: gentleman

text: but

text: women

text: wrote

text: in

text: larger

text: and

text: larger

text: numbers

text: and

text: poets

text: came

text: from

text: all

text: walks

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: poetry

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: is

text: a

text: lively

text: field

text: of

text: research

text: being

text: studied

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: poetry

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: for

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: Chinese

text: opera

text: developmental

text: trends

text: of

text: Classical

text: Chinese

text: poetry

text: the

text: transition

text: to

text: a

text: greater

text: role

text: for

text: vernacular

text: language

text: and

text: for

text: poetry

text: by

text: women

text: in

text: Chinese

text: culture

text: The

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: was

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: much

text: literary

text: collection

text: and

text: criticism

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: popular

text: versions

text: of

text: Classical

text: Chinese

text: poems

text: were

text: transmitted

text: through

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: anthologies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Quantangshi

text: and

text: the

text: Three

text: Hundred

text: Tang

text: Poems

text: Pu

text: Songling

text: brought

text: the

text: short

text: story

text: form

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: level

text: in

text: his

text: Strange

text: Stories

text: from

text: a

text: Chinese

text: Studio

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: Shen

text: Fu

text: demonstrated

text: the

text: charm

text: of

text: the

text: informal

text: memoir

text: in

text: Six

text: Chapters

text: of

text: a

text: Floating

text: Life

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: but

text: published

text: only

text: in

text: The

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: novel

text: reached

text: a

text: pinnacle

text: in

text: Cao

text: Xueqin

text: 's

text: Dream

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Chamber

text: but

text: its

text: combination

text: of

text: social

text: commentary

text: and

text: psychological

text: insight

text: were

text: echoed

text: in

text: highly

text: skilled

text: novels

text: such

text: as

text: Wu

text: Jingzi

text: 's

text: The

text: Scholars

text: and

text: Li

text: Ruzhen

text: 's

text: Flowers

text: in

text: the

text: Mirror

question: What was the sign of a gentleman?

answer: Poetry

text: Poetry

question: Who started writing poety during the Qing dynasty?

answer: women

text: women

question: What was the name of Pu Songling's collection of short stories?

answer: Strange Stories

text: Strange Stories

question: What was the name of Shen Fu's memoir?

answer: Six Chapters of a Floating Life

text: Six Chapters of a Floating Life

question: Who wrote the novel Dream of the Red Chamber?

answer: Cao Xueqin

text: Cao Xueqin


text: Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn. Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers and including 10% of the city's public schoolchildren, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism. In 2014, 24% self-identified with no organized religious affiliation.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Christianity

text: particularly

text: Catholicism

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: prevalently

text: practiced

text: religion

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: as

text: of

text: followed

text: by

text: Judaism

text: with

text: approximately

text: million

text: Jews

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: over

text: half

text: living

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: Islam

text: ranks

text: third

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: official

text: estimates

text: ranging

text: between

text: and

text: observers

text: and

text: including

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: public

text: schoolchildren

text: followed

text: by

text: Hinduism

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: religions

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: atheism

text: In

text: self

text: identified

text: with

text: no

text: organized

text: religious

text: affiliation

question: What percentage of New Yorkers are Christians?

answer: 59%

question: What percentage of New Yorkers follow the Catholic faith?

answer: 33%

question: About how many Jews live in New York City?

answer: 1.1 million

text: 1.1 million

question: What borough has the largest population of Jewish people?

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

question: What is the third most popular faith in New York City?

answer: Islam

text: Islam

question: What was the most prominent religion in New York as of 2014?

answer: Christianity

text: Christianity

question: The second most prominent religion in New York is what?

answer: Judaism

text: Judaism

question: Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City?

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

question: What percentage of people in 2014 had no religion?

answer: 24

question: The third most popular religion in NYC is what?

answer: Islam

text: Islam


text: The domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who controlled large herds gradually acquired more livestock, and this made economic inequalities more pronounced. However, evidence of social inequality is still disputed, as settlements such as Catal Huyuk reveal a striking lack of difference in the size of homes and burial sites, suggesting a more egalitarian society with no evidence of the concept of capital, although some homes do appear slightly larger or more elaborately decorated than others.

title: Neolithic

title: Neolithic

text: The

text: domestication

text: of

text: large

text: animals

text: c.

text: BC

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: dramatic

text: increase

text: in

text: social

text: inequality

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: areas

text: where

text: it

text: occurred

text: New

text: Guinea

text: being

text: a

text: notable

text: exception

text: Possession

text: of

text: livestock

text: allowed

text: competition

text: between

text: households

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: inherited

text: inequalities

text: of

text: wealth

text: Neolithic

text: pastoralists

text: who

text: controlled

text: large

text: herds

text: gradually

text: acquired

text: more

text: livestock

text: and

text: this

text: made

text: economic

text: inequalities

text: more

text: pronounced

text: However

text: evidence

text: of

text: social

text: inequality

text: is

text: still

text: disputed

text: as

text: settlements

text: such

text: as

text: Catal

text: Huyuk

text: reveal

text: a

text: striking

text: lack

text: of

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: homes

text: and

text: burial

text: sites

text: suggesting

text: a

text: more

text: egalitarian

text: society

text: with

text: no

text: evidence

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: capital

text: although

text: some

text: homes

text: do

text: appear

text: slightly

text: larger

text: or

text: more

text: elaborately

text: decorated

text: than

text: others

question: What caused a major increase in social inequality?

answer: domestication of large animals

text: domestication of large animals

question: What started competition between families for wealth?

answer: Possession of livestock

text: Possession of livestock

question: Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more livestock?

answer: Neolithic pastoralists

text: Neolithic pastoralists

question: What settlement featured equal sized homes with little evidence of capital?

answer: Catal Huyuk

text: Catal Huyuk

question: What caused a major increase in homes?

text: domestication of large animals

question: What started competition between the Catal Huyuk for wealth?

text: Possession of livestock

question: Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more wealth?

text: Neolithic pastoralists

question: What settlement featured equal sized homes with little evidence of animals?

text: Catal Huyuk

question: What resulted in inequalities of homes?

text: Possession of livestock


text: Much of the medieval period was a time of power struggles between competing dynasties such as the House of Savoy, the Visconti in northern Italy and the House of Habsburg in Austria and Slovenia. In 1291 to protect themselves from incursions by the Habsburgs, four cantons in the middle of Switzerland drew up a charter that is considered to be a declaration of independence from neighboring kingdoms. After a series of battles fought in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, more cantons joined the confederacy and by the 16th century Switzerland was well-established as a separate state.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: was

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: power

text: struggles

text: between

text: competing

text: dynasties

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Savoy

text: the

text: Visconti

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: in

text: Austria

text: and

text: Slovenia

text: In

text: to

text: protect

text: themselves

text: from

text: incursions

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: four

text: cantons

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: drew

text: up

text: a

text: charter

text: that

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: declaration

text: of

text: independence

text: from

text: neighboring

text: kingdoms

text: After

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: battles

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: more

text: cantons

text: joined

text: the

text: confederacy

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: well

text: established

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: state

question: Much of the medieval period was a time of what?

answer: power struggles

text: power struggles

question: Where were the Visconti from?

answer: northern Italy

text: northern Italy

question: What dynastie was from Austria and Slovenia?

answer: the House of Habsburg

text: the House of Habsburg

question: What Country was a well-established separate state by the 16th century?

answer: Switzerland

text: Switzerland


text: The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls resources and signaling negotiations, the MP operates on the media plane and receives media from each endpoint. The MP generates output streams from each endpoint and redirects the information to other endpoints in the conference.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: The

text: MC

text: controls

text: the

text: conferencing

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: active

text: on

text: the

text: signaling

text: plane

text: which

text: is

text: simply

text: where

text: the

text: system

text: manages

text: conferencing

text: creation

text: endpoint

text: signaling

text: and

text: in

text: conferencing

text: controls

text: This

text: component

text: negotiates

text: parameters

text: with

text: every

text: endpoint

text: in

text: the

text: network

text: and

text: controls

text: conferencing

text: resources

text: While

text: the

text: MC

text: controls

text: resources

text: and

text: signaling

text: negotiations

text: the

text: MP

text: operates

text: on

text: the

text: media

text: plane

text: and

text: receives

text: media

text: from

text: each

text: endpoint

text: The

text: MP

text: generates

text: output

text: streams

text: from

text: each

text: endpoint

text: and

text: redirects

text: the

text: information

text: to

text: other

text: endpoints

text: in

text: the

text: conference

question: What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane?

answer: The MC

text: The MC

question: Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation?

answer: the signaling plane

text: the signaling plane

question: What is one example of what the signaling plane controls in a videoconferencing system?

answer: endpoint signaling

text: endpoint signaling

question: On what plane does the MC operate?

answer: the media plane

text: the media plane

question: What generates output streams from each endpoint?

answer: The MP

text: The MP

question: What does the MP control while active on the signaling plane?

text: the conferencing

question: Where does the system manage output streams while it is active?

text: the signaling plane

question: What does the MC receive from in-conferencing controls?

text: media

question: What does the signaling plane do with information in a conference?

question: What signaling negotiations does the MP operate on?

text: the media plane


text: DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time. For example, when reading a sundial, one must compensate for it along with time zone and natural discrepancies. Also, sun-exposure guidelines such as avoiding the sun within two hours of noon become less accurate when DST is in effect.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: DST

text: inherits

text: and

text: can

text: magnify

text: the

text: disadvantages

text: of

text: standard

text: time

text: For

text: example

text: when

text: reading

text: a

text: sundial

text: one

text: must

text: compensate

text: for

text: it

text: along

text: with

text: time

text: zone

text: and

text: natural

text: discrepancies

text: Also

text: sun

text: exposure

text: guidelines

text: such

text: as

text: avoiding

text: the

text: sun

text: within

text: two

text: hours

text: of

text: noon

text: become

text: less

text: accurate

text: when

text: DST

text: is

text: in

text: effect

question: What does DST inherit from standard time?

answer: disadvantages

text: disadvantages

question: Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time?

answer: magnify

text: magnify

question: Usually, it's recommended that we avoid the sun for how many hours before and after noon?

answer: two

text: two

question: What kind of guidelines become less precise because of DST?

answer: sun-exposure guidelines

text: sun-exposure guidelines

question: When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence?

answer: time zone

text: time zone


text: The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level. In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in the nation's economy. Agriculture employs two-thirds of the labour force, and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, noni (juice of the nonu fruit, as it is known in Samoan), and copra.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: The

text: country

text: currency

text: is

text: the

text: Samoan

text: tālā

text: issued

text: and

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: Central

text: Bank

text: of

text: Samoa

text: The

text: economy

text: of

text: Samoa

text: has

text: traditionally

text: been

text: dependent

text: on

text: agriculture

text: and

text: fishing

text: at

text: the

text: local

text: level

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: development

text: aid

text: private

text: family

text: remittances

text: from

text: overseas

text: and

text: agricultural

text: exports

text: have

text: become

text: key

text: factors

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: economy

text: Agriculture

text: employs

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: labour

text: force

text: and

text: furnishes

text: of

text: exports

text: featuring

text: coconut

text: cream

text: coconut

text: oil

text: noni

text: juice

text: of

text: the

text: nonu

text: fruit

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: Samoan

text: and

text: copra

question: What institution is in charge of Samoa's currency?

answer: Central Bank of Samoa

text: Central Bank of Samoa

question: In addition to agriculture, what industry historically supported Samoa's local economy?

answer: fishing

text: fishing

question: What fruit juice is a major Samoan export?

answer: noni

text: noni

question: What portion of Samoa works in agriculture?

answer: two-thirds

text: two-thirds

question: What kind of oil does Samoa export?

answer: coconut

text: coconut

question: How much of the country uses the Samoa tala?

text: two-thirds

question: What percentage of people in Samoa receive money from overseas?

question: What resources does Samoa not produce themeselves and need to import?

question: What percentage of Samoans are fishermen?

text: two-thirds

question: What fruit has the Samoan tala traditionally been dependent on?

text: nonu fruit


text: Throughout the universe, hydrogen is mostly found in the atomic and plasma states whose properties are quite different from molecular hydrogen. As a plasma, hydrogen's electron and proton are not bound together, resulting in very high electrical conductivity and high emissivity (producing the light from the Sun and other stars). The charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electric fields. For example, in the solar wind they interact with the Earth's magnetosphere giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora. Hydrogen is found in the neutral atomic state in the interstellar medium. The large amount of neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems is thought to dominate the cosmological baryonic density of the Universe up to redshift z=4.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Throughout

text: the

text: universe

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: mostly

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: atomic

text: and

text: plasma

text: states

text: whose

text: properties

text: are

text: quite

text: different

text: from

text: molecular

text: hydrogen

text: As

text: a

text: plasma

text: hydrogen

text: 's

text: electron

text: and

text: proton

text: are

text: not

text: bound

text: together

text: resulting

text: in

text: very

text: high

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: and

text: high

text: emissivity

text: producing

text: the

text: light

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: other

text: stars

text: The

text: charged

text: particles

text: are

text: highly

text: influenced

text: by

text: magnetic

text: and

text: electric

text: fields

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: solar

text: wind

text: they

text: interact

text: with

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: magnetosphere

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: Birkeland

text: currents

text: and

text: the

text: aurora

text: Hydrogen

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: neutral

text: atomic

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: interstellar

text: medium

text: The

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: neutral

text: hydrogen

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: damped

text: Lyman

text: alpha

text: systems

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: cosmological

text: baryonic

text: density

text: of

text: the

text: Universe

text: up

text: to

text: redshift

question: In what states is hydrogen mostly found in the universe?

answer: atomic and plasma

text: atomic and plasma

question: Hydrogens electron and proton are not bound together in what state?

answer: plasma

text: plasma

question: in the interstellar medium, what state is hydrogen in?

answer: neutral atomic state

text: neutral atomic state

question: The neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems dominates what?

answer: cosmological baryonic density of the Universe

text: cosmological baryonic density of the Universe


text: Immigration to Israel during the late 1940s and early 1950s was aided by the Israeli Immigration Department and the non-government sponsored Mossad LeAliyah Bet ("Institution for Illegal Immigration"). Both groups facilitated regular immigration logistics like arranging transportation, but the latter also engaged in clandestine operations in countries, particularly in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where the lives of Jews were believed to be in danger and exit from those places was difficult. Mossad LeAliyah Bet continued to take part in immigration efforts until its disbanding in 1953. An influx of Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab and Muslim lands immigrated to Israel during the first 3 years and the number of Jews increased from 700,000 to 1,400,000, many of whom faced persecution in their original countries. The immigration was in accordance with the One Million Plan.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Immigration

text: to

text: Israel

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: was

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Immigration

text: Department

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: government

text: sponsored

text: Mossad

text: LeAliyah

text: Bet

text: Institution

text: for

text: Illegal

text: Immigration

text: Both

text: groups

text: facilitated

text: regular

text: immigration

text: logistics

text: like

text: arranging

text: transportation

text: but

text: the

text: latter

text: also

text: engaged

text: in

text: clandestine

text: operations

text: in

text: countries

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: where

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: Jews

text: were

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: danger

text: and

text: exit

text: from

text: those

text: places

text: was

text: difficult

text: Mossad

text: LeAliyah

text: Bet

text: continued

text: to

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: immigration

text: efforts

text: until

text: its

text: disbanding

text: in

text: An

text: influx

text: of

text: Holocaust

text: survivors

text: and

text: Jews

text: from

text: Arab

text: and

text: Muslim

text: lands

text: immigrated

text: to

text: Israel

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Jews

text: increased

text: from

text: to

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: faced

text: persecution

text: in

text: their

text: original

text: countries

text: The

text: immigration

text: was

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: One

text: Million

text: Plan

question: Who aided the immigration to Israel?

answer: Israeli Immigration Department

text: Israeli Immigration Department

question: The immigration was in accordance to what?

answer: One Million Plan

text: One Million Plan

question: When did the Mossad LeAliyah Bet disband?

answer: 1953


text: This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: where

text: the

text: contestants

text: were

text: permitted

text: to

text: perform

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: rounds

text: songs

text: they

text: wrote

text: themselves

text: In

text: the

text: Top

text: Sam

text: Woolf

text: received

text: the

text: fewest

text: votes

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: saved

text: from

text: elimination

text: by

text: the

text: judges

text: The

text: episode

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: was

text: the

text: Top

text: performance

text: night

question: Which contestant was saved by the judges after getting the least votes on season 13 of American Idol?

answer: Sam Woolf

text: Sam Woolf

question: At what point in season 13 did American Idol air its 500th show?

answer: Top 3 performance night

text: Top 3 performance night

question: Contestants could perform what in the final rounds for the first time ever?

answer: songs they wrote themselves

text: songs they wrote themselves

question: Who received the Judges' Save this season?

answer: Sam Woolf

text: Sam Woolf

question: When did the judges use their save on Woolf?

answer: Top 8

text: Top 8

question: What episode was the 500th of the entire series?

answer: Top 3 performance night

text: Top 3 performance night


text: In 1941, Nasser was posted to Khartoum, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: Nasser

text: was

text: posted

text: to

text: Khartoum

text: Sudan

text: which

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Egypt

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Nasser

text: returned

text: to

text: Sudan

text: in

text: September

text: after

text: a

text: brief

text: stay

text: in

text: Egypt

text: then

text: secured

text: a

text: position

text: as

text: an

text: instructor

text: in

text: the

text: Cairo

text: Royal

text: Military

text: Academy

text: in

text: May

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: Ambassador

text: Miles

text: Lampson

text: marched

text: into

text: King

text: Farouk

text: 's

text: palace

text: and

text: ordered

text: him

text: to

text: dismiss

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Hussein

text: Sirri

text: Pasha

text: for

text: having

text: pro

text: Axis

text: sympathies

text: Nasser

text: saw

text: the

text: incident

text: as

text: a

text: blatant

text: violation

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: sovereignty

text: and

text: wrote

text: I

text: am

text: ashamed

text: that

text: our

text: army

text: has

text: not

text: reacted

text: against

text: this

text: attack

text: and

text: wished

text: for

text: calamity

text: to

text: overtake

text: the

text: British

text: Nasser

text: was

text: accepted

text: into

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: College

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: He

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: young

text: military

text: officers

text: with

text: strong

text: nationalist

text: sentiments

text: who

text: supported

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: revolution

text: Nasser

text: stayed

text: in

text: touch

text: with

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: members

text: primarily

text: through

text: Amer

text: who

text: continued

text: to

text: seek

text: out

text: interested

text: officers

text: within

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Armed

text: Force

text: 's

text: various

text: branches

text: and

text: presented

text: Nasser

text: with

text: a

text: complete

text: file

text: on

text: each

text: of

text: them

question: In what year was Nasser posted to Sudan?

answer: 1941

question: Whas was Nasser's position at the military academy in 1943?

answer: instructor

text: instructor

question: Who ordered the King to dismiss the Prime Minister?

answer: British Ambassador Miles Lampson

text: British Ambassador Miles Lampson

question: What political group was Nasser associated with?

answer: nationalist

text: nationalist

question: Who was Nasser's contact in the armed forces, giving Nasser dossiers?

answer: Amer

text: Amer


text: In 1974, L. Ottens, director of the audio division of Philips, started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format, two Philips research engineers recommended a digital format in March 1974. In 1977, Philips then established a laboratory with the mission of creating a digital audio disc. The diameter of Philips's prototype compact disc was set at 11.5 cm, the diagonal of an audio cassette.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: In

text: L.

text: Ottens

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: audio

text: division

text: of

text: Philips

text: started

text: a

text: small

text: group

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: to

text: develop

text: an

text: analog

text: optical

text: audio

text: disc

text: with

text: a

text: diameter

text: of

text: cm

text: and

text: a

text: sound

text: quality

text: superior

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: vinyl

text: record

text: However

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: unsatisfactory

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: analog

text: format

text: two

text: Philips

text: research

text: engineers

text: recommended

text: a

text: digital

text: format

text: in

text: March

text: In

text: Philips

text: then

text: established

text: a

text: laboratory

text: with

text: the

text: mission

text: of

text: creating

text: a

text: digital

text: audio

text: disc

text: The

text: diameter

text: of

text: Philips

text: 's

text: prototype

text: compact

text: disc

text: was

text: set

text: at

text: cm

text: the

text: diagonal

text: of

text: an

text: audio

text: cassette

question: In what year did Philips institute a laboratory to create a digital audio disc?

answer: 1977

question: What was the proposed diameter for the original compact disc?

answer: 11.5 cm

text: 11.5 cm

question: What year did Philips propse the idea of a digital audio format?

answer: 1974

question: Who was the director of the Philips audio division in 1974?

answer: L. Ottens

text: L. Ottens

question: What Philips engineer recommended a digital format?

text: L. Ottens

question: What was the 20cm diameter based on?

text: the diagonal of an audio cassette

question: What year was the digital audio disc released?

question: How many engineer recommended the 11.5 cm diameter?

text: two

question: Who was the director of Philips by 1977?

text: L. Ottens


text: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that "the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant".

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: The

text: genome

text: wide

text: genetic

text: study

text: carried

text: out

text: in

text: by

text: Behar

text: et

text: al

text: examined

text: the

text: genetic

text: relationships

text: among

text: all

text: major

text: Jewish

text: groups

text: including

text: Ashkenazim

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: genetic

text: relationship

text: between

text: these

text: Jewish

text: groups

text: and

text: non

text: Jewish

text: ethnic

text: populations

text: The

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: contemporary

text: Jews

text: excluding

text: Indian

text: and

text: Ethiopian

text: Jews

text: have

text: a

text: close

text: genetic

text: relationship

text: with

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: authors

text: explained

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: parsimonious

text: explanation

text: for

text: these

text: observations

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: genetic

text: origin

text: which

text: is

text: consistent

text: with

text: an

text: historical

text: formulation

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: as

text: descending

text: from

text: ancient

text: Hebrew

text: and

text: Israelite

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: Levant

question: Recent studies have found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship to the people of what area?

answer: the Levant

text: the Levant

question: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among which Jewish groups?

answer: all major Jewish groups

text: all major Jewish groups

question: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population?

answer: non-Jewish ethnic populations

text: non-Jewish ethnic populations


text: In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: In

text: many

text: ancient

text: civilizations

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Mesopotamia

text: architecture

text: and

text: urbanism

text: reflected

text: the

text: constant

text: engagement

text: with

text: the

text: divine

text: and

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: many

text: ancient

text: cultures

text: resorted

text: to

text: monumentality

text: in

text: architecture

text: to

text: represent

text: symbolically

text: the

text: political

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: ruler

text: the

text: ruling

text: elite

text: or

text: the

text: state

text: itself

question: What civilizations used the divine and supernatural in their architecture?

answer: Egypt and Mesopotamia

text: Egypt and Mesopotamia

question: What are two examples of past civilizations?

answer: Egypt and Mesopotamia

text: Egypt and Mesopotamia

question: To what did these civilizations have ties that to were shown off by their architecture?

answer: the divine and the supernatural

text: the divine and the supernatural

question: What does architectural monumentality often represent?

answer: political power

text: political power

question: What civilizations didn't use the divine and supernatural in their architecture?

text: Egypt and Mesopotamia

question: What are three examples of past civilizations?

text: Egypt and Mesopotamia

question: To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture?

text: divine and the supernatural

question: What does architectural monumentality never represent?

text: political power


text: Weinreich's identity variant similarly includes the categories of identity diffusion, foreclosure and crisis, but with a somewhat different emphasis. Here, with respect to identity diffusion for example, an optimal level is interpreted as the norm, as it is unrealistic to expect an individual to resolve all their conflicted identifications with others; therefore we should be alert to individuals with levels which are much higher or lower than the norm – highly diffused individuals are classified as diffused, and those with low levels as foreclosed or defensive. (Weinreich & Saunderson, 2003, pp 65–67; 105-106). Weinreich applies the identity variant in a framework which also allows for the transition from one to another by way of biographical experiences and resolution of conflicted identifications situated in various contexts – for example, an adolescent going through family break-up may be in one state, whereas later in a stable marriage with a secure professional role may be in another. Hence, though there is continuity, there is also development and change. (Weinreich & Saunderson, 2003, pp 22–23).

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: Weinreich

text: 's

text: identity

text: variant

text: similarly

text: includes

text: the

text: categories

text: of

text: identity

text: diffusion

text: foreclosure

text: and

text: crisis

text: but

text: with

text: a

text: somewhat

text: different

text: emphasis

text: Here

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: identity

text: diffusion

text: for

text: example

text: an

text: optimal

text: level

text: is

text: interpreted

text: as

text: the

text: norm

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: unrealistic

text: to

text: expect

text: an

text: individual

text: to

text: resolve

text: all

text: their

text: conflicted

text: identifications

text: with

text: others

text: therefore

text: we

text: should

text: be

text: alert

text: to

text: individuals

text: with

text: levels

text: which

text: are

text: much

text: higher

text: or

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: norm

text: highly

text: diffused

text: individuals

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: diffused

text: and

text: those

text: with

text: low

text: levels

text: as

text: foreclosed

text: or

text: defensive

text: Weinreich

text: Saunderson

text: pp

text: Weinreich

text: applies

text: the

text: identity

text: variant

text: in

text: a

text: framework

text: which

text: also

text: allows

text: for

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: one

text: to

text: another

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: biographical

text: experiences

text: and

text: resolution

text: of

text: conflicted

text: identifications

text: situated

text: in

text: various

text: contexts

text: for

text: example

text: an

text: adolescent

text: going

text: through

text: family

text: break

text: up

text: may

text: be

text: in

text: one

text: state

text: whereas

text: later

text: in

text: a

text: stable

text: marriage

text: with

text: a

text: secure

text: professional

text: role

text: may

text: be

text: in

text: another

text: Hence

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: continuity

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: development

text: and

text: change

text: Weinreich

text: Saunderson

text: pp

question: Identity diffusion, foreclosure, and crisis are categories of what?

answer: Weinreich's identity variant

text: Weinreich's identity variant

question: Those with high levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?

answer: diffused

text: diffused

question: Those with low levels of identity diffusion are classified as what?

answer: foreclosed or defensive

text: foreclosed or defensive

question: An adolescent going through a family break up turning into an adult in a stable marriage is given as an example of change in what?

answer: the identity variant

text: the identity variant

question: What level of identity diffusion is interpreted as the norm?

answer: an optimal level

text: an optimal level

question: The optimal level of what is considered abnormal?

text: diffusion

question: What does a person who is foreclosed have high levels of?

text: diffusion

question: An adolescent in a stable family turning into an adult stable marriage is given as an example of a change in what

text: identity variant

question: What does identity vary have besides in continuity?

text: development and change


text: There has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for his personal use. According to Professor Bernard M. Levinson, "This legislation was so utopian in its own time that it seems never to have been implemented...." The Deuteronomic social vision may have influenced opponents of the divine right of kings, including Bishop John Ponet in sixteenth-century England.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: There

text: has

text: recently

text: been

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: reevaluate

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: on

text: Western

text: constitutional

text: law

text: In

text: the

text: Old

text: Testament

text: there

text: was

text: some

text: language

text: in

text: Deuteronomy

text: imposing

text: restrictions

text: on

text: the

text: Jewish

text: king

text: regarding

text: such

text: things

text: as

text: how

text: many

text: wives

text: he

text: could

text: have

text: and

text: how

text: many

text: horses

text: he

text: could

text: own

text: for

text: his

text: personal

text: use

text: According

text: to

text: Professor

text: Bernard

text: M.

text: Levinson

text: This

text: legislation

text: was

text: so

text: utopian

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: time

text: that

text: it

text: seems

text: never

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: implemented

text: The

text: Deuteronomic

text: social

text: vision

text: may

text: have

text: influenced

text: opponents

text: of

text: the

text: divine

text: right

text: of

text: kings

text: including

text: Bishop

text: John

text: Ponet

text: in

text: sixteenth

text: century

text: England

question: In which book of the Bible are limitations on Jewish monarchs outlined?

answer: Deuteronomy

text: Deuteronomy

question: Who was against the divine rights of kings in England during the 1500s?

answer: Bishop John Ponet

text: Bishop John Ponet

question: What principle did the restrictions on the right of kings, as detailed in Deuteronomy, influence later opposition?

answer: divine right of kings

text: divine right of kings

question: What historical book may have a significant impact on contemporary law making practices?

answer: Bible

text: Bible

question: According to the restrictions placed on Jewish kings in Deuteronomy, ownership over what was regulated?

answer: horses

text: horses

question: Book of the viable gives unlimited power Jewish monarchs?

text: Deuteronomy

question: Who was against the divine right of kings in England during the fifteenth century?

text: Bishop John Ponet

question: What book of the Bible supported the divine rule of kings

text: Deuteronomy

question: What group of ancient Jews could have as many wives and horses as they wanted?

text: Jewish king


text: The alkali metal ions are small and mobile; their presence in glass allows a degree of electrical conductivity, especially in molten state or at high temperature. Their mobility decreases the chemical resistance of the glass, allowing leaching by water and facilitating corrosion. Alkaline earth ions, with their two positive charges and requirement for two non-bridging oxygen ions to compensate for their charge, are much less mobile themselves and also hinder diffusion of other ions, especially the alkalis. The most common commercial glasses contain both alkali and alkaline earth ions (usually sodium and calcium), for easier processing and satisfying corrosion resistance. Corrosion resistance of glass can be achieved by dealkalization, removal of the alkali ions from the glass surface by reaction with e.g. sulfur or fluorine compounds. Presence of alkaline metal ions has also detrimental effect to the loss tangent of the glass, and to its electrical resistance; glasses for electronics (sealing, vacuum tubes, lamps...) have to take this in account.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: The

text: alkali

text: metal

text: ions

text: are

text: small

text: and

text: mobile

text: their

text: presence

text: in

text: glass

text: allows

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: especially

text: in

text: molten

text: state

text: or

text: at

text: high

text: temperature

text: Their

text: mobility

text: decreases

text: the

text: chemical

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: glass

text: allowing

text: leaching

text: by

text: water

text: and

text: facilitating

text: corrosion

text: Alkaline

text: earth

text: ions

text: with

text: their

text: two

text: positive

text: charges

text: and

text: requirement

text: for

text: two

text: non

text: bridging

text: oxygen

text: ions

text: to

text: compensate

text: for

text: their

text: charge

text: are

text: much

text: less

text: mobile

text: themselves

text: and

text: also

text: hinder

text: diffusion

text: of

text: other

text: ions

text: especially

text: the

text: alkalis

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: commercial

text: glasses

text: contain

text: both

text: alkali

text: and

text: alkaline

text: earth

text: ions

text: usually

text: sodium

text: and

text: calcium

text: for

text: easier

text: processing

text: and

text: satisfying

text: corrosion

text: resistance

text: Corrosion

text: resistance

text: of

text: glass

text: can

text: be

text: achieved

text: by

text: dealkalization

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: alkali

text: ions

text: from

text: the

text: glass

text: surface

text: by

text: reaction

text: with

text: e.g.

text: sulfur

text: or

text: fluorine

text: compounds

text: Presence

text: of

text: alkaline

text: metal

text: ions

text: has

text: also

text: detrimental

text: effect

text: to

text: the

text: loss

text: tangent

text: of

text: the

text: glass

text: and

text: to

text: its

text: electrical

text: resistance

text: glasses

text: for

text: electronics

text: sealing

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: lamps

text: have

text: to

text: take

text: this

text: in

text: account

question: What component gives glass the ability to conduct electricity?

answer: alkali metal ions

text: alkali metal ions

question: How can glass be prevented from corroding?

answer: dealkalization

text: dealkalization

question: What types of ions does typical glass have?

answer: alkali and alkaline earth ions

text: alkali and alkaline earth ions

question: Reaction with what causes dealkalization?

answer: sulfur or fluorine compounds

text: sulfur or fluorine compounds

question: What can alkaline ions in glass harm, in addition to electrical resistance?

answer: loss tangent

text: loss tangent

question: What component gives glass the ability to bridge oxygen atoms?

text: alkali metal ions

question: How can glass be prevented from diffusing?

text: dealkalization

question: What types of compunds does typical glass have?

text: alkali and alkaline earth ions

question: Reaction with what causes oxygen ions to compensate for their charge?

text: sulfur or fluorine compounds

question: What can alkaline ions in oxygen harm?

text: loss tangent


text: The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: Spanish

text: ship

text: San

text: Pedro

text: and

text: two

text: other

text: vessels

text: in

text: an

text: expedition

text: commanded

text: by

text: Miguel

text: López

text: de

text: Legazpi

text: discovered

text: an

text: island

text: on

text: January

text: possibly

text: Mejit

text: at

text: N

text: which

text: they

text: named

text: Los

text: Barbudos

text: The

text: Spaniards

text: went

text: ashore

text: and

text: traded

text: with

text: the

text: local

text: inhabitants

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Spaniards

text: sighted

text: another

text: island

text: that

text: they

text: named

text: Placeres

text: perhaps

text: Ailuk

text: ten

text: leagues

text: away

text: they

text: sighted

text: another

text: island

text: that

text: they

text: called

text: Pajares

text: perhaps

text: Jemo

text: On

text: January

text: they

text: sighted

text: another

text: island

text: at

text: N

text: that

text: they

text: called

text: Corrales

text: possibly

text: Wotho

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Spaniards

text: sighted

text: another

text: low

text: island

text: perhaps

text: Ujelang

text: at

text: N

text: where

text: they

text: described

text: the

text: people

text: on

text: Barbudos

text: After

text: that

text: ships

text: including

text: the

text: San

text: Jeronimo

text: Los

text: Reyes

text: and

text: Todos

text: los

text: Santos

text: also

text: visited

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: different

text: years

question: What was the name given to the island reached by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi on January 9th of 1530?

answer: Los Barbudos

text: Los Barbudos

question: What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos?

answer: Mejit

text: Mejit

question: On what date did Legazpi's expedition see the island it named Placeres?

answer: January 10

text: January 10

question: What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th?

answer: Corrales

text: Corrales

question: What was the location of Corrales?

answer: 10°N

question: Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro?

answer: Miguel López de Legazpi

text: Miguel López de Legazpi

question: What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530?

answer: Los Barbudos

text: Los Barbudos

question: What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?

answer: Placeres

text: Placeres

question: On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales?

answer: January 12

text: January 12

question: What island may have been spotted by the Spanish on January 15?

answer: Ujelang

text: Ujelang


text: Plato's theory of forms or "ideas" describes ideal forms (for example the platonic solids in geometry or abstracts like Goodness and Justice), as universals existing independently of any particular instance. Arne Grøn calls this doctrine "the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism", while Simone Klein calls Plato "the earliest representative of metaphysical objective idealism". Nevertheless, Plato holds that matter is real, though transitory and imperfect, and is perceived by our body and its senses and given existence by the eternal ideas that are perceived directly by our rational soul. Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense, although quantum physics' assertion that man's consciousness is an immutable and primary requisite for not merely perceiving but shaping matter, and thus his reality, would give more credence to Plato's dualist position.[citation needed]

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: Plato

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: forms

text: or

text: ideas

text: describes

text: ideal

text: forms

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: platonic

text: solids

text: in

text: geometry

text: or

text: abstracts

text: like

text: Goodness

text: and

text: Justice

text: as

text: universals

text: existing

text: independently

text: of

text: any

text: particular

text: instance

text: Arne

text: Grøn

text: calls

text: this

text: doctrine

text: the

text: classic

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: metaphysical

text: idealism

text: as

text: a

text: transcendent

text: idealism

text: while

text: Simone

text: Klein

text: calls

text: Plato

text: the

text: earliest

text: representative

text: of

text: metaphysical

text: objective

text: idealism

text: Nevertheless

text: Plato

text: holds

text: that

text: matter

text: is

text: real

text: though

text: transitory

text: and

text: imperfect

text: and

text: is

text: perceived

text: by

text: our

text: body

text: and

text: its

text: senses

text: and

text: given

text: existence

text: by

text: the

text: eternal

text: ideas

text: that

text: are

text: perceived

text: directly

text: by

text: our

text: rational

text: soul

text: Plato

text: was

text: therefore

text: a

text: metaphysical

text: and

text: epistemological

text: dualist

text: an

text: outlook

text: that

text: modern

text: idealism

text: has

text: striven

text: to

text: avoid

text: Plato

text: 's

text: thought

text: can

text: not

text: therefore

text: be

text: counted

text: as

text: idealist

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: sense

text: although

text: quantum

text: physics

text: assertion

text: that

text: man

text: 's

text: consciousness

text: is

text: an

text: immutable

text: and

text: primary

text: requisite

text: for

text: not

text: merely

text: perceiving

text: but

text: shaping

text: matter

text: and

text: thus

text: his

text: reality

text: would

text: give

text: more

text: credence

text: to

text: Plato

text: 's

text: dualist

text: position.[citation

text: needed

question: What was another term for forms in Plato's theory of forms?

answer: ideas

text: ideas

question: Who regarded Plato as the oldest exponent of metaphysical objective idealism?

answer: Simone Klein

text: Simone Klein

question: What sort of dualist is Plato regarded as?

answer: metaphysical and epistemological

text: metaphysical and epistemological

question: What branch of physics might support a worldview similar to Platonic dualism?

answer: quantum

text: quantum

question: What does Plato say are dependent?

text: ideal forms

question: How does Arne Gron's theory of forms say ideal forms exist?

question: Modern idealism believes in what two kinds of dualism?

text: metaphysical and epistemological

question: What type of physics did Simone Klein study?

text: quantum

question: Quantum physics disagrees with what philosopher?

text: Plato


text: Breakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from time to time "breaks through" the medication. The characteristics of breakthrough cancer pain vary from person to person and according to the cause. Management of breakthrough pain can entail intensive use of opioids, including fentanyl.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Breakthrough

text: pain

text: is

text: transitory

text: acute

text: pain

text: that

text: comes

text: on

text: suddenly

text: and

text: is

text: not

text: alleviated

text: by

text: the

text: patient

text: 's

text: normal

text: pain

text: management

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: cancer

text: patients

text: who

text: often

text: have

text: background

text: pain

text: that

text: is

text: generally

text: well

text: controlled

text: by

text: medications

text: but

text: who

text: also

text: sometimes

text: experience

text: bouts

text: of

text: severe

text: pain

text: that

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: breaks

text: through

text: the

text: medication

text: The

text: characteristics

text: of

text: breakthrough

text: cancer

text: pain

text: vary

text: from

text: person

text: to

text: person

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: cause

text: Management

text: of

text: breakthrough

text: pain

text: can

text: entail

text: intensive

text: use

text: of

text: opioids

text: including

text: fentanyl

question: What is the term for pain which is acute and note alleviated by normal pain management?

answer: Breakthrough

text: Breakthrough

question: How do cancer patients usually control their background pain?

answer: medications

text: medications

question: Who is breakthrough pain common among?

answer: cancer patients

text: cancer patients

question: What class of medication is fentanyl an example of?

answer: opioids

text: opioids

question: What activity in relation to breakthrough pain requires heavy use of opiods?

answer: Management

text: Management

question: What is acute transitory pain also known as?

text: Breakthrough pain

question: What does management of acute transitory pain entail?

question: How does acute transitory pain come on?

text: suddenly


text: Switzerland has a stable, prosperous and high-tech economy and enjoys great wealth, being ranked as the wealthiest country in the world per capita in multiple rankings. In 2011 it was ranked as the wealthiest country in the world in per capita terms (with "wealth" being defined to include both financial and non-financial assets), while the 2013 Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report showed that Switzerland was the country with the highest average wealth per adult in 2013. It has the world's nineteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and the thirty-sixth largest by purchasing power parity. It is the twentieth largest exporter, despite its small size. Switzerland has the highest European rating in the Index of Economic Freedom 2010, while also providing large coverage through public services. The nominal per capita GDP is higher than those of the larger Western and Central European economies and Japan. If adjusted for purchasing power parity, Switzerland ranks 8th in the world in terms of GDP per capita, according to the World Bank and IMF (ranked 15th according to the CIA Worldfactbook).

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

text: has

text: a

text: stable

text: prosperous

text: and

text: high

text: tech

text: economy

text: and

text: enjoys

text: great

text: wealth

text: being

text: ranked

text: as

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: per

text: capita

text: in

text: multiple

text: rankings

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: ranked

text: as

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: per

text: capita

text: terms

text: with

text: wealth

text: being

text: defined

text: to

text: include

text: both

text: financial

text: and

text: non

text: financial

text: assets

text: while

text: the

text: Credit

text: Suisse

text: Global

text: Wealth

text: Report

text: showed

text: that

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: average

text: wealth

text: per

text: adult

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nineteenth

text: largest

text: economy

text: by

text: nominal

text: GDP

text: and

text: the

text: thirty

text: sixth

text: largest

text: by

text: purchasing

text: power

text: parity

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: twentieth

text: largest

text: exporter

text: despite

text: its

text: small

text: size

text: Switzerland

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: European

text: rating

text: in

text: the

text: Index

text: of

text: Economic

text: Freedom

text: while

text: also

text: providing

text: large

text: coverage

text: through

text: public

text: services

text: The

text: nominal

text: per

text: capita

text: GDP

text: is

text: higher

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Western

text: and

text: Central

text: European

text: economies

text: and

text: Japan

text: If

text: adjusted

text: for

text: purchasing

text: power

text: parity

text: Switzerland

text: ranks

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: GDP

text: per

text: capita

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Bank

text: and

text: IMF

text: ranked

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: CIA

text: Worldfactbook

question: How does the Swiss economy rank worldwide by nominal GDP?

answer: nineteenth largest

text: nineteenth largest

question: How does the Swiss economy rank worldwide by purchasing power parity?

answer: thirty-sixth largest

text: thirty-sixth largest

question: What ranking does Switzerland hold in terms of GDP per capita, adjusting for purchasing power, according to the World Bank?

answer: 8th in the world

text: 8th in the world

question: Which rating was assigned to Switzerland by the Index of Economic Freedom of 2010?

answer: highest European rating

text: highest European rating


text: After losing an extra-inning game in Game 1, the Cubs rallied and took a 3 games to 1 lead over the Wild Card Florida Marlins in the NLCS. Florida shut the Cubs out in Game 5, but young pitcher Mark Prior led the Cubs in Game 6 as they took a 3–0 lead into the 8th inning and it was at this point when a now-infamous incident took place. Several spectators attempted to catch a foul ball off the bat of Luis Castillo. A Chicago Cubs fan by the name of Steve Bartman, of Northbrook, Illinois, reached for the ball and deflected it away from the glove of Moisés Alou for the second out of the 8th inning. Alou reacted angrily toward the stands, and after the game stated that he would have caught the ball. Alou at one point recanted, saying he would not have been able to make the play, but later said this was just an attempt to make Bartman feel better and believing the whole incident should be forgotten. Interference was not called on the play, as the ball was ruled to be on the spectator side of the wall. Castillo was eventually walked by Prior. Two batters later, and to the chagrin of the packed stadium, Cubs shortstop Alex Gonzalez misplayed an inning ending double play, loading the bases and leading to eight Florida runs and a Marlin victory. Despite sending Kerry Wood to the mound and holding a lead twice, the Cubs ultimately dropped Game 7, and failed to reach the World Series.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: After

text: losing

text: an

text: extra

text: inning

text: game

text: in

text: Game

text: the

text: Cubs

text: rallied

text: and

text: took

text: a

text: games

text: to

text: lead

text: over

text: the

text: Wild

text: Card

text: Florida

text: Marlins

text: in

text: the

text: NLCS

text: Florida

text: shut

text: the

text: Cubs

text: out

text: in

text: Game

text: but

text: young

text: pitcher

text: Mark

text: Prior

text: led

text: the

text: Cubs

text: in

text: Game

text: as

text: they

text: took

text: a

text: lead

text: into

text: the

text: inning

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: at

text: this

text: point

text: when

text: a

text: now

text: infamous

text: incident

text: took

text: place

text: Several

text: spectators

text: attempted

text: to

text: catch

text: a

text: foul

text: ball

text: off

text: the

text: bat

text: of

text: Luis

text: Castillo

text: A

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: fan

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Steve

text: Bartman

text: of

text: Northbrook

text: Illinois

text: reached

text: for

text: the

text: ball

text: and

text: deflected

text: it

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: glove

text: of

text: Moisés

text: Alou

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: inning

text: Alou

text: reacted

text: angrily

text: toward

text: the

text: stands

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: game

text: stated

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: have

text: caught

text: the

text: ball

text: Alou

text: at

text: one

text: point

text: recanted

text: saying

text: he

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: play

text: but

text: later

text: said

text: this

text: was

text: just

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: make

text: Bartman

text: feel

text: better

text: and

text: believing

text: the

text: whole

text: incident

text: should

text: be

text: forgotten

text: Interference

text: was

text: not

text: called

text: on

text: the

text: play

text: as

text: the

text: ball

text: was

text: ruled

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: the

text: spectator

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: wall

text: Castillo

text: was

text: eventually

text: walked

text: by

text: Prior

text: Two

text: batters

text: later

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: chagrin

text: of

text: the

text: packed

text: stadium

text: Cubs

text: shortstop

text: Alex

text: Gonzalez

text: misplayed

text: an

text: inning

text: ending

text: double

text: play

text: loading

text: the

text: bases

text: and

text: leading

text: to

text: eight

text: Florida

text: runs

text: and

text: a

text: Marlin

text: victory

text: Despite

text: sending

text: Kerry

text: Wood

text: to

text: the

text: mound

text: and

text: holding

text: a

text: lead

text: twice

text: the

text: Cubs

text: ultimately

text: dropped

text: Game

text: and

text: failed

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: World

text: Series

question: In what game did Florida shut the Cubs out?

answer: Game 5

text: Game 5

question: What pitcher led the Cubs in Game 6?

answer: Mark Prior

text: Mark Prior

question: Who hit the foul ball that several spectators attempted to catch?

answer: Luis Castillo

text: Luis Castillo


text: The accession of Valens gave a fresh lease of life to the Arian party. He issued a decree banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius, but who had been permitted by Jovian to return to their sees. The news created the greatest consternation in the city of Alexandria itself, and the prefect, in order to prevent a serious outbreak, gave public assurance that the very special case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor. But the saint seems to have divined what was preparing in secret against him. He quietly withdrew from Alexandria, 5 October, and took up his abode in a country house outside the city. Valens, who seems to have sincerely dreaded the possible consequences of another popular outbreak, within a few weeks issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: The

text: accession

text: of

text: Valens

text: gave

text: a

text: fresh

text: lease

text: of

text: life

text: to

text: the

text: Arian

text: party

text: He

text: issued

text: a

text: decree

text: banishing

text: the

text: bishops

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: deposed

text: by

text: Constantius

text: but

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: permitted

text: by

text: Jovian

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: their

text: sees

text: The

text: news

text: created

text: the

text: greatest

text: consternation

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: itself

text: and

text: the

text: prefect

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: a

text: serious

text: outbreak

text: gave

text: public

text: assurance

text: that

text: the

text: very

text: special

text: case

text: of

text: Athanasius

text: would

text: be

text: laid

text: before

text: the

text: emperor

text: But

text: the

text: saint

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: divined

text: what

text: was

text: preparing

text: in

text: secret

text: against

text: him

text: He

text: quietly

text: withdrew

text: from

text: Alexandria

text: October

text: and

text: took

text: up

text: his

text: abode

text: in

text: a

text: country

text: house

text: outside

text: the

text: city

text: Valens

text: who

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: sincerely

text: dreaded

text: the

text: possible

text: consequences

text: of

text: another

text: popular

text: outbreak

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: weeks

text: issued

text: orders

text: allowing

text: Athanasius

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: his

text: episcopal

text: see

question: What party benefited from the accession of Valens?

answer: Arian

text: Arian

question: Valens issued a decree banishing the bishops that were deposed by who?

answer: Constantius

text: Constantius

question: What saint fled from Alexandria on 5 October to a country house outside Alexandria?

answer: Athanasius

text: Athanasius

question: Valens' banishment of Athanasius created the greatest consternation in what city?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria

question: What did the decree of Valens do?

answer: banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius

text: banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius

question: When the people in the city were concerned about Athanasius, what did the prefect do?

answer: case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor

text: case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor

question: What did  Athanasius do to protect himself?

answer: withdrew from Alexandria, 5 October

text: withdrew from Alexandria, 5 October

question: How did Valens get him to return?

answer: issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see

text: issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see

question: What party didn't benefit from the accession of Valens?

text: Arian

question: Valens didn't issue a decree banishing the bishops that were deposed by who?

text: Constantius

question: What happened on October 4?

text: He quietly withdrew from Alexandria

question: What did the decree of Valens not do?

text: banishing the bishops


text: Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the "Toughest Track in the South" and "The Action Track", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Auto

text: racing

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: Richmond

text: International

text: Raceway

text: RIR

text: has

text: hosted

text: NASCAR

text: Sprint

text: Cup

text: races

text: since

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Capital

text: City

text: from

text: RIR

text: also

text: hosted

text: IndyCar

text: 's

text: Suntrust

text: Indy

text: Challenge

text: from

text: Another

text: track

text: Southside

text: Speedway

text: has

text: operated

text: since

text: and

text: sits

text: just

text: southwest

text: of

text: Richmond

text: in

text: Chesterfield

text: County

text: This

text: km

text: oval

text: short

text: track

text: has

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Toughest

text: Track

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: and

text: The

text: Action

text: Track

text: and

text: features

text: weekly

text: stock

text: car

text: racing

text: on

text: Friday

text: nights

text: Southside

text: Speedway

text: has

text: acted

text: as

text: the

text: breeding

text: grounds

text: for

text: many

text: past

text: NASCAR

text: legends

text: including

text: Richard

text: Petty

text: Bobby

text: Allison

text: and

text: Darrell

text: Waltrip

text: and

text: claims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: home

text: track

text: of

text: NASCAR

text: superstar

text: Denny

text: Hamlin

question: When did the RIR begin to host the Capital City 400?

answer: 1962

question: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR?

answer: 2009

question: In what direction does one travel from Richmond to reach Southside Speedway?

answer: southwest

text: southwest

question: What is the shape of Southside Speedway?

answer: oval

text: oval

question: Along with "The Action Track," what is a nickname of Southside Speedway?

answer: Toughest Track in the South

text: Toughest Track in the South


text: By summer of 2003, Howard Dean had become the apparent front runner for the Democratic nomination, performing strongly in most polls and leading the pack with the largest campaign war chest. Dean's strength as a fund raiser was attributed mainly to his embrace of the Internet for campaigning. The majority of his donations came from individual supporters, who became known as Deanites, or, more commonly, Deaniacs. Generally regarded as a pragmatic centrist during his time as governor, Dean emerged during his presidential campaign as a left-wing populist, denouncing the policies of the Bush administration (especially the 2003 invasion of Iraq) as well as fellow Democrats, who, in his view, failed to strongly oppose them. Senator Lieberman, a liberal on domestic issues but a hawk on the War on Terror, failed to gain traction with liberal Democratic primary voters.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: By

text: summer

text: of

text: Howard

text: Dean

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: apparent

text: front

text: runner

text: for

text: the

text: Democratic

text: nomination

text: performing

text: strongly

text: in

text: most

text: polls

text: and

text: leading

text: the

text: pack

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: campaign

text: war

text: chest

text: Dean

text: 's

text: strength

text: as

text: a

text: fund

text: raiser

text: was

text: attributed

text: mainly

text: to

text: his

text: embrace

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: for

text: campaigning

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: his

text: donations

text: came

text: from

text: individual

text: supporters

text: who

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Deanites

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: Deaniacs

text: Generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: pragmatic

text: centrist

text: during

text: his

text: time

text: as

text: governor

text: Dean

text: emerged

text: during

text: his

text: presidential

text: campaign

text: as

text: a

text: left

text: wing

text: populist

text: denouncing

text: the

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: Bush

text: administration

text: especially

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Iraq

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: fellow

text: Democrats

text: who

text: in

text: his

text: view

text: failed

text: to

text: strongly

text: oppose

text: them

text: Senator

text: Lieberman

text: a

text: liberal

text: on

text: domestic

text: issues

text: but

text: a

text: hawk

text: on

text: the

text: War

text: on

text: Terror

text: failed

text: to

text: gain

text: traction

text: with

text: liberal

text: Democratic

text: primary

text: voters

question: Who became the Democratic nominee, half way through 2003?

answer: Howard Dean

text: Howard Dean

question: Dean's admiration for internet campaigning accredited his strength as what?

answer: a fund raiser

text: a fund raiser

question: What did Dean's backers become known as?

answer: Deaniacs

text: Deaniacs

question: What government position has Howard Dean previously held?

answer: governor

text: governor

question: Which of Bush's policies did Dean criticize most notably?

answer: the 2003 invasion of Iraq

text: the 2003 invasion of Iraq

question: What status had Senator Lieberman gained in 2003?

question: How well did Senator Lieberman perform in the polls in 2003?

text: strongly

question: What did Senator Lieberman have that helped him further his campaign?

text: the largest campaign war chest

question: What method did Senator Lieberman use that helped him successfully raise funds?

text: the Internet

question: Where did most of Senator Lieberman's donations come from?

text: individual supporters


text: In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its disposal in a financial crisis is to take such extraordinary measures as the purchase of large amounts of assets such as commercial paper. The purpose of such operations is to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning of the financial system.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: In

text: central

text: banking

text: the

text: privileged

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: bank

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: make

text: as

text: much

text: money

text: as

text: it

text: deems

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: Bank

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: buys

text: assets

text: typically

text: bonds

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: government

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: limit

text: on

text: the

text: bonds

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: buy

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tools

text: at

text: its

text: disposal

text: in

text: a

text: financial

text: crisis

text: is

text: to

text: take

text: such

text: extraordinary

text: measures

text: as

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: assets

text: such

text: as

text: commercial

text: paper

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: such

text: operations

text: is

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: adequate

text: liquidity

text: is

text: available

text: for

text: functioning

text: of

text: the

text: financial

text: system

question: What is a perk of the central bank?

answer: it can make as much money as it deems needed

text: it can make as much money as it deems needed

question: What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve buy?

answer: bonds issued by the Federal government

text: bonds issued by the Federal government

question: What kind of asset will the Federal Reserve purchase in mass quantities at a time of crisis?

answer: commercial paper

text: commercial paper

question: What is the purpose of buying commercial paper in a time of financial crisis?

answer: to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning

text: to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning

question: What is a disadvantage of the central bank?

question: What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve ban?

text: bonds issued by the Federal government

question: What kind of asset will the Federal Reserve sell in small quantities at a time of crisis?

text: commercial paper

question: What is the purpose of selling commercial paper in a time of financial crisis?


text: In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in "Stop the Madness", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: In

text: Schwarzenegger

text: appeared

text: in

text: Stop

text: the

text: Madness

text: an

text: anti

text: drug

text: music

text: video

text: sponsored

text: by

text: the

text: Reagan

text: administration

text: He

text: first

text: came

text: to

text: wide

text: public

text: notice

text: as

text: a

text: Republican

text: during

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: accompanying

text: then

text: Vice

text: President

text: George

text: H.W.

text: Bush

text: at

text: a

text: campaign

text: rally

question: What was the title of the anti-drug music video Schwarzenegger appeared in under the Reagan administration's sponsorship?

answer: "Stop the Madness"

text: "Stop the Madness"

question: In what presidential election year did Schwarzenegger make a name for himself as a prominent Republican?

answer: 1988

question: Which candidate did Schwarzenegger appear with at a presidential campaign rally?

answer: George H.W. Bush

text: George H.W. Bush


text: Greece is a developed country with high standards of living[citation needed] and high Human Development Index. Its economy mainly comprises the service sector (85.0%) and industry (12.0%), while agriculture makes up 3.0% of the national economic output. Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Greece

text: is

text: a

text: developed

text: country

text: with

text: high

text: standards

text: of

text: living[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: high

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: Its

text: economy

text: mainly

text: comprises

text: the

text: service

text: sector

text: and

text: industry

text: while

text: agriculture

text: makes

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: economic

text: output

text: Important

text: Greek

text: industries

text: include

text: tourism

text: with

text: million

text: international

text: tourists

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: ranked

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: visited

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: World

text: Tourism

text: Organization

text: and

text: merchant

text: shipping

text: at

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: total

text: capacity

text: the

text: Greek

text: merchant

text: marine

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: considerable

text: agricultural

text: producer

text: including

text: fisheries

text: within

text: the

text: union

question: The largest sector of Greece's economy is what?

answer: the service sector

text: the service sector

question: What percentage of the economy is Greece's service sector?

answer: 85.0%

question: What percentage of the economy does agriculture comprise?

answer: 3.0%

question: How many tourist visited Greece in 2009?

answer: 14.9 million

text: 14.9 million

question: Greece holds what rank among most visited countries in the world?

answer: 16th