text: Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intelligence: adolescents do not improve substantially on IQ tests since their scores are relative to others in their same age group, and relative standing usually does not change—everyone matures at approximately the same rate in this way.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Wisdom

text: or

text: the

text: capacity

text: for

text: insight

text: and

text: judgment

text: that

text: is

text: developed

text: through

text: experience

text: increases

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: fourteen

text: and

text: twenty

text: five

text: then

text: levels

text: off

text: Thus

text: it

text: is

text: during

text: the

text: adolescence

text: adulthood

text: transition

text: that

text: individuals

text: acquire

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: wisdom

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: age

text: Wisdom

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: intelligence

text: adolescents

text: do

text: not

text: improve

text: substantially

text: on

text: IQ

text: tests

text: since

text: their

text: scores

text: are

text: relative

text: to

text: others

text: in

text: their

text: same

text: age

text: group

text: and

text: relative

text: standing

text: usually

text: does

text: not

text: change

text: everyone

text: matures

text: at

text: approximately

text: the

text: same

text: rate

text: in

text: this

text: way

question: How is wisdom defined?

answer: capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience

text: capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience

question: Wisdom increases between age fourteen and what?

answer: twenty-five

text: twenty-five

question: Is wisdom the same thing as intelligence?

answer: not

text: not

question: Do adolescents perform significantly better on IQ tests than other age groups?

answer: not

text: not

question: What word is defined as the capacity for insight and judgement that is developed through experience?

answer: Wisdom

text: Wisdom


text: Before mechanical printing, literature was copied by hand, and many variations were introduced by copyists. The age of printing made the scribal profession effectively redundant. Printed editions, while less susceptible to the proliferation of variations likely to arise during manual transmission, are nonetheless not immune to introducing variations from an author's autograph. Instead of a scribe miscopying his source, a compositor or a printing shop may read or typeset a work in a way that differs from the autograph. Since each scribe or printer commits different errors, reconstruction of the lost original is often aided by a selection of readings taken from many sources. An edited text that draws from multiple sources is said to be eclectic. In contrast to this approach, some textual critics prefer to identify the single best surviving text, and not to combine readings from multiple sources.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Before

text: mechanical

text: printing

text: literature

text: was

text: copied

text: by

text: hand

text: and

text: many

text: variations

text: were

text: introduced

text: by

text: copyists

text: The

text: age

text: of

text: printing

text: made

text: the

text: scribal

text: profession

text: effectively

text: redundant

text: Printed

text: editions

text: while

text: less

text: susceptible

text: to

text: the

text: proliferation

text: of

text: variations

text: likely

text: to

text: arise

text: during

text: manual

text: transmission

text: are

text: nonetheless

text: not

text: immune

text: to

text: introducing

text: variations

text: from

text: an

text: author

text: 's

text: autograph

text: Instead

text: of

text: a

text: scribe

text: miscopying

text: his

text: source

text: a

text: compositor

text: or

text: a

text: printing

text: shop

text: may

text: read

text: or

text: typeset

text: a

text: work

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: differs

text: from

text: the

text: autograph

text: Since

text: each

text: scribe

text: or

text: printer

text: commits

text: different

text: errors

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: lost

text: original

text: is

text: often

text: aided

text: by

text: a

text: selection

text: of

text: readings

text: taken

text: from

text: many

text: sources

text: An

text: edited

text: text

text: that

text: draws

text: from

text: multiple

text: sources

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: eclectic

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: this

text: approach

text: some

text: textual

text: critics

text: prefer

text: to

text: identify

text: the

text: single

text: best

text: surviving

text: text

text: and

text: not

text: to

text: combine

text: readings

text: from

text: multiple

text: sources

question: Why are there multiple variations of texts before the advent of the printing press?

answer: literature was copied by hand

text: literature was copied by hand

question: Are printed editions immune to variation?

answer: not immune to introducing variations from an author's autograph

text: not immune to introducing variations from an author's autograph

question: How do differences in works arise when using a printing press?

answer: a compositor or a printing shop may read or typeset a work in a way that differs from the autograph

text: a compositor or a printing shop may read or typeset a work in a way that differs from the autograph

question: An edited text compiled through many sources is known as what?

answer: eclectic.

text: eclectic.

question: How did they copy literature before they did it by hand?

text: mechanical printing

question: How did they copy literature after mechanical printing?

text: by hand

question: How do printing presses provide identical copies?

question: Why do textual critics prefer to use multiple sources?


text: The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that of 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by the Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, "not one was reported by the church to secular authorities." William Bowen, a former Jehovah's Witness elder who established the Silentlambs organization to assist sex abuse victims within the religion, has claimed Witness leaders discourage followers from reporting incidents of sexual misconduct to authorities, and other critics claim the organization is reluctant to alert authorities in order to protect its "crime-free" reputation. In court cases in the United Kingdom and the United States the Watch Tower Society has been found to have been negligent in its failure to protect children from known sex offenders within the congregation and the Society has settled other child abuse lawsuits out of court, reportedly paying as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff without admitting wrongdoing.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: The

text: religion

text: 's

text: failure

text: to

text: report

text: abuse

text: allegations

text: to

text: authorities

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: criticized

text: The

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: 's

text: policy

text: is

text: that

text: elders

text: inform

text: authorities

text: when

text: required

text: by

text: law

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: but

text: otherwise

text: leave

text: that

text: action

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: victim

text: and

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: family

text: The

text: Australian

text: Royal

text: Commission

text: into

text: Institutional

text: Responses

text: to

text: Child

text: Sexual

text: Abuse

text: found

text: that

text: of

text: alleged

text: perpetrators

text: of

text: child

text: sexual

text: abuse

text: identified

text: by

text: the

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: within

text: their

text: organization

text: since

text: not

text: one

text: was

text: reported

text: by

text: the

text: church

text: to

text: secular

text: authorities

text: William

text: Bowen

text: a

text: former

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witness

text: elder

text: who

text: established

text: the

text: Silentlambs

text: organization

text: to

text: assist

text: sex

text: abuse

text: victims

text: within

text: the

text: religion

text: has

text: claimed

text: Witness

text: leaders

text: discourage

text: followers

text: from

text: reporting

text: incidents

text: of

text: sexual

text: misconduct

text: to

text: authorities

text: and

text: other

text: critics

text: claim

text: the

text: organization

text: is

text: reluctant

text: to

text: alert

text: authorities

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: crime

text: free

text: reputation

text: In

text: court

text: cases

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: negligent

text: in

text: its

text: failure

text: to

text: protect

text: children

text: from

text: known

text: sex

text: offenders

text: within

text: the

text: congregation

text: and

text: the

text: Society

text: has

text: settled

text: other

text: child

text: abuse

text: lawsuits

text: out

text: of

text: court

text: reportedly

text: paying

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: to

text: one

text: plaintiff

text: without

text: admitting

text: wrongdoing

question: What has the Jehovah's Witnesses failure to report to authorities been criticized?

answer: abuse allegations

text: abuse allegations

question: Of the 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, how many were reported to secular authorities?

answer: not one

text: not one

question: Why are the Jehovah's Witnesses reluctant to alert authorities to abuse?

answer: to protect its "crime-free" reputation

text: to protect its "crime-free" reputation

question: What have courts in both the UK and the US found the Watch Tower Society to have been for failing to protect children from sexual predators within the congregation?

answer: negligent

text: negligent

question: How much has the Society reportedly paid to settle lawsuits without admitting any wrongdoing?

answer: as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff

text: as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff

question: How many child sexual abuse cases have been reported to authorities in the US by The Watch Tower Society since 1950?

text: not one

question: How much has The Watch Tower Society paid to victims of child sexual abuse in Australia since 1950?

question: In what year did William Bowen leave the Jehovah's Witnesses?

question: How many alleged sexual abuse cases have there been in the United States since 1950 involving members of the Jehovah's Witnesses?

question: How much does the Watch Tower Society pay to lawyers each year to represent them against child sexual abuse cases?


text: The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: Hudson

text: River

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Hudson

text: Valley

text: into

text: New

text: York

text: Bay

text: Between

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: Troy

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: river

text: is

text: an

text: estuary

text: The

text: Hudson

text: River

text: separates

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: Jersey

text: The

text: East

text: River

text: a

text: tidal

text: strait

text: flows

text: from

text: Long

text: Island

text: Sound

text: and

text: separates

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: Manhattan

text: from

text: Long

text: Island

text: The

text: Harlem

text: River

text: another

text: tidal

text: strait

text: between

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: Hudson

text: Rivers

text: separates

text: most

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: from

text: the

text: Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: River

text: which

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: Westchester

text: County

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: entirely

text: fresh

text: water

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: The Hudson River serves as a dividing line between New York and what state?

answer: New Jersey

text: New Jersey

question: What river flows between the Hudson and East Rivers?

answer: Harlem River

text: Harlem River

question: What is the city's sole fresh water river?

answer: Bronx River

text: Bronx River

question: Into what body of water does the Hudson River terminate?

answer: New York Bay

text: New York Bay

question: Between New York City and what city is the Hudson River an estuary?

answer: Troy, New York

text: Troy, New York

question: The Hudson River separates NYC from which US state?

answer: New Jersey

text: New Jersey

question: The single only freshwater river in NYC is what river?

answer: The Bronx River

text: The Bronx River

question: Which river seperates The Bronx from Manhatten?

answer: The Harlem River

text: The Harlem River


text: In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; physical security breaches using self checkout machines are believed to have played a large role. "The malware utilized is absolutely unsophisticated and uninteresting," says Jim Walter, director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee – meaning that the heists could have easily been stopped by existing antivirus software had administrators responded to the warnings. The size of the thefts has resulted in major attention from state and Federal United States authorities and the investigation is ongoing.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: In

text: and

text: a

text: Russian

text: Ukrainian

text: hacking

text: ring

text: known

text: as

text: Rescator

text: broke

text: into

text: Target

text: Corporation

text: computers

text: in

text: stealing

text: roughly

text: million

text: credit

text: cards

text: and

text: then

text: Home

text: Depot

text: computers

text: in

text: stealing

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: credit

text: card

text: numbers

text: Warnings

text: were

text: delivered

text: at

text: both

text: corporations

text: but

text: ignored

text: physical

text: security

text: breaches

text: using

text: self

text: checkout

text: machines

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: played

text: a

text: large

text: role

text: The

text: malware

text: utilized

text: is

text: absolutely

text: unsophisticated

text: and

text: uninteresting

text: says

text: Jim

text: Walter

text: director

text: of

text: threat

text: intelligence

text: operations

text: at

text: security

text: technology

text: company

text: McAfee

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: heists

text: could

text: have

text: easily

text: been

text: stopped

text: by

text: existing

text: antivirus

text: software

text: had

text: administrators

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: warnings

text: The

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: thefts

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: major

text: attention

text: from

text: state

text: and

text: Federal

text: United

text: States

text: authorities

text: and

text: the

text: investigation

text: is

text: ongoing

question: Who are Rescator?

answer: a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring

text: a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring

question: What was stolen from Target Corporation computers in 2013?

answer: 40 million credit cards

text: 40 million credit cards

question: How many credit card numbers were stole from Home Depot in 2014?

answer: between 53 and 56 million

text: between 53 and 56 million

question: What machines were involved in the physical security breaches that played a large role in the incident?

answer: self checkout machines

text: self checkout machines

question: Who is Jim Walter?

answer: director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee

text: director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee

question: What was done when credit cards were stolen?

question: What was the main breach?

text: self checkout machines

question: Who could have easily stopped the hacking?

question: Unsophisticated malware was used on what?

text: self checkout machines

question: Why was the malware uninteresting?

text: could have easily been stopped

question: Who was the leader of Rescator?

text: Jim Walter

question: What was stolen from McAfee?

text: credit card numbers

question: When was the investigation concluded?

question: Why weren't the companies warned about the threat?

question: When was Rescator formed?


text: Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means "awakening", but it is more commonly translated into English as "enlightenment". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implies the extinction of raga (greed, craving),[web 12] dosa (hate, aversion)[web 13] and moha (delusion).[web 14] In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion:

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Bodhi

text: Pāli

text: and

text: Sanskrit

text: in

text: devanagari

text: बॊधि

text: is

text: a

text: term

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: Awakening

text: of

text: arahants

text: Bodhi

text: literally

text: means

text: awakening

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: commonly

text: translated

text: into

text: English

text: as

text: enlightenment

text: In

text: Early

text: Buddhism

text: bodhi

text: carried

text: a

text: meaning

text: synonymous

text: to

text: nirvana

text: using

text: only

text: some

text: different

text: metaphors

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: experience

text: which

text: implies

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: raga

text: greed

text: craving),[web

text: dosa

text: hate

text: aversion)[web

text: and

text: moha

text: delusion).[web

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: school

text: of

text: Mahayana

text: Buddhism

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: nirvana

text: was

text: downgraded

text: in

text: some

text: scriptures

text: coming

text: to

text: refer

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: greed

text: and

text: hate

text: implying

text: that

text: delusion

text: was

text: still

text: present

text: in

text: one

text: who

text: attained

text: nirvana

text: and

text: that

text: one

text: needed

text: to

text: attain

text: bodhi

text: to

text: eradicate

text: delusion

question: What is the term applied to the experience of the awakening of arahants?

answer: Bodhi

text: Bodhi

question: In early Buddhism Bodhi used a meaning synonymous to what word?

answer: nirvana

text: nirvana

question: What is the term for greed or craving?

answer: raga

text: raga

question: what is the word for hate or aversion?

answer: dosa

text: dosa

question: What does moha mean?

answer: delusion

text: delusion


text: The Gorkha Kingdom ended the Malla confederation after the Battle of Kathmandu in 1768. This marked the beginning of the modern era in Kathmandu. The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu was adopted as the capital of the Gorkha empire, and the empire itself was dubbed Nepal. During the early part of this era, Kathmandu maintained its distinctive culture. Buildings with characteristic Nepali architecture, such as the nine-story tower of Basantapur, were built during this era. However, trade declined because of continual war with neighboring nations. Bhimsen Thapa supported France against Great Britain; this led to the development of modern military structures, such as modern barracks in Kathmandu. The nine-storey tower Dharahara was originally built during this era.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: Gorkha

text: Kingdom

text: ended

text: the

text: Malla

text: confederation

text: after

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: in

text: This

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kirtipur

text: was

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Gorkha

text: conquest

text: of

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: Valley

text: Kathmandu

text: was

text: adopted

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Gorkha

text: empire

text: and

text: the

text: empire

text: itself

text: was

text: dubbed

text: Nepal

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: era

text: Kathmandu

text: maintained

text: its

text: distinctive

text: culture

text: Buildings

text: with

text: characteristic

text: Nepali

text: architecture

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: nine

text: story

text: tower

text: of

text: Basantapur

text: were

text: built

text: during

text: this

text: era

text: However

text: trade

text: declined

text: because

text: of

text: continual

text: war

text: with

text: neighboring

text: nations

text: Bhimsen

text: Thapa

text: supported

text: France

text: against

text: Great

text: Britain

text: this

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: modern

text: military

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: modern

text: barracks

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: The

text: nine

text: storey

text: tower

text: Dharahara

text: was

text: originally

text: built

text: during

text: this

text: era

question: Who won the Battle of Kathmandu?

answer: Gorkha Kingdom

text: Gorkha Kingdom

question: What battle inaugurated the conquering of the Kathmandu Valley by the Gorkha?

answer: Kirtipur

text: Kirtipur

question: How many stories high was the Basantapur tower?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: What European country did Bhimsen Thapa oppose?

answer: Great Britain

text: Great Britain

question: How many stories made up the Dharahara tower?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: Feathers require maintenance and birds preen or groom them daily, spending an average of around 9% of their daily time on this. The bill is used to brush away foreign particles and to apply waxy secretions from the uropygial gland; these secretions protect the feathers' flexibility and act as an antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of feather-degrading bacteria. This may be supplemented with the secretions of formic acid from ants, which birds receive through a behaviour known as anting, to remove feather parasites.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Feathers

text: require

text: maintenance

text: and

text: birds

text: preen

text: or

text: groom

text: them

text: daily

text: spending

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: around

text: of

text: their

text: daily

text: time

text: on

text: this

text: The

text: bill

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: brush

text: away

text: foreign

text: particles

text: and

text: to

text: apply

text: waxy

text: secretions

text: from

text: the

text: uropygial

text: gland

text: these

text: secretions

text: protect

text: the

text: feathers

text: flexibility

text: and

text: act

text: as

text: an

text: antimicrobial

text: agent

text: inhibiting

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: feather

text: degrading

text: bacteria

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: supplemented

text: with

text: the

text: secretions

text: of

text: formic

text: acid

text: from

text: ants

text: which

text: birds

text: receive

text: through

text: a

text: behaviour

text: known

text: as

text: anting

text: to

text: remove

text: feather

text: parasites

question: How often do birds groom their feathers?

answer: daily

text: daily

question: What percentage of their day do birds groom their feathers?

answer: 9%

question: What do birds use to brush away foreign particles?

answer: The bill

text: The bill

question: What is the process of removing feather parasites?

answer: anting

text: anting


text: Shortly after the French Revolution (1789), the French First Republic prohibited official use of, and enacted discriminating policies against, the nonstandard languages of France (patois), such as Catalan, Alsatian, Breton, Occitan, Flemish, and Basque.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Shortly

text: after

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: the

text: French

text: First

text: Republic

text: prohibited

text: official

text: use

text: of

text: and

text: enacted

text: discriminating

text: policies

text: against

text: the

text: nonstandard

text: languages

text: of

text: France

text: patois

text: such

text: as

text: Catalan

text: Alsatian

text: Breton

text: Occitan

text: Flemish

text: and

text: Basque

question: When did France outlaw Catalan?

answer: 1789

question: What upheaval had occurred in France just before the prohibition of patois?

answer: French Revolution

text: French Revolution

question: Besides Catalan, Alsatian, and Breton, what other patois were banned?

answer: Occitan, Flemish, and Basque

text: Occitan, Flemish, and Basque

question: What are French non standard languages called?

answer: patois

text: patois


text: RCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a "spider". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year during the 45 rpm heyday. In countries outside the U.S., 45s often had the smaller album-sized holes, e.g., Australia and New Zealand, or as in the United Kingdom, especially before the 1970s, the disc had a small hole within a circular central section held only by three or four lands so that it could be easily punched out if desired (typically for use in jukeboxes).

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: RCA

text: were

text: also

text: adapted

text: to

text: the

text: smaller

text: spindle

text: of

text: an

text: LP

text: player

text: with

text: a

text: plastic

text: snap

text: in

text: insert

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: spider

text: These

text: inserts

text: commissioned

text: by

text: RCA

text: president

text: David

text: Sarnoff

text: and

text: invented

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Hutchison

text: were

text: prevalent

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: selling

text: in

text: the

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: per

text: year

text: during

text: the

text: rpm

text: heyday

text: In

text: countries

text: outside

text: the

text: U.S.

text: often

text: had

text: the

text: smaller

text: album

text: sized

text: holes

text: e.g.

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: or

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: especially

text: before

text: the

text: the

text: disc

text: had

text: a

text: small

text: hole

text: within

text: a

text: circular

text: central

text: section

text: held

text: only

text: by

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: lands

text: so

text: that

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: easily

text: punched

text: out

text: if

text: desired

text: typically

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: jukeboxes

question: Wy did records outside of the US often have small holes with the ability to punch out the center?

answer: for use in jukeboxes

text: for use in jukeboxes

question: What were the plastic inserts which would adapt 45s to the smaller spindle of an LP player called?

answer: spider

text: spider

question: What invention did Thomas Hutchinson introduce?

answer: spider

text: spider

question: Whom were the adaptable inserts for 45s to LPs commissioned by?

answer: RCA president David Sarnoff

text: RCA president David Sarnoff

question: How many spiders were sold in the 45 rpm heydays?

answer: tens of millions per year

text: tens of millions per year


text: From that moment Galicia, which participated to a minor extent in the American expansion of the Spanish Empire, found itself at the center of the Atlantic wars fought by Spain against the French and the Protestant powers of England and the Netherlands, whose privateers attacked the coastal areas, but major assaults were not common as the coastline was difficult and the harbors easily defended. The most famous assaults were upon the city of Vigo by Sir Francis Drake in 1585 and 1589, and the siege of A Coruña in 1589 by the English Armada. Galicia also suffered occasional slave raids by Barbary pirates, but not as frequently as the Mediterranean coastal areas. The most famous Barbary attack was the bloody sack of the town of Cangas in 1617. At the time, the king's petitions for money and troops became more frequent, due to the human and economic exhaustion of Castile; the Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia (the local Cortes or representative assembly) was initially receptive to these petitions, raising large sums, accepting the conscription of the men of the kingdom, and even commissioning a new naval squadron which was sustained with the incomes of the Kingdom.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: From

text: that

text: moment

text: Galicia

text: which

text: participated

text: to

text: a

text: minor

text: extent

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: found

text: itself

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: wars

text: fought

text: by

text: Spain

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: the

text: Protestant

text: powers

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: whose

text: privateers

text: attacked

text: the

text: coastal

text: areas

text: but

text: major

text: assaults

text: were

text: not

text: common

text: as

text: the

text: coastline

text: was

text: difficult

text: and

text: the

text: harbors

text: easily

text: defended

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: assaults

text: were

text: upon

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Vigo

text: by

text: Sir

text: Francis

text: Drake

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: A

text: Coruña

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Armada

text: Galicia

text: also

text: suffered

text: occasional

text: slave

text: raids

text: by

text: Barbary

text: pirates

text: but

text: not

text: as

text: frequently

text: as

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coastal

text: areas

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: Barbary

text: attack

text: was

text: the

text: bloody

text: sack

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Cangas

text: in

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: petitions

text: for

text: money

text: and

text: troops

text: became

text: more

text: frequent

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: and

text: economic

text: exhaustion

text: of

text: Castile

text: the

text: Junta

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: the

text: local

text: Cortes

text: or

text: representative

text: assembly

text: was

text: initially

text: receptive

text: to

text: these

text: petitions

text: raising

text: large

text: sums

text: accepting

text: the

text: conscription

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: and

text: even

text: commissioning

text: a

text: new

text: naval

text: squadron

text: which

text: was

text: sustained

text: with

text: the

text: incomes

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

question: Where did Sir Francis Drake attack in 1585 and again in 1589?

answer: Vigo

text: Vigo

question: Who attacked Cangas in 1617?

answer: Barbary pirates

text: Barbary pirates


text: In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace how Rome came to dominate the Greek east in less than a century, this was mainly a matter of several Greek city-states seeking Roman protection against the Macedonian kingdom and Seleucid Empire in the face of destabilisation created by the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt. In contrast to the west, the Greek east had been dominated by major empires for centuries, and Roman influence and alliance-seeking led to wars with these empires that further weakened them and therefore created an unstable power vacuum that only Rome could fill. This had some important similarities to (and important differences from) the events in Italy centuries earlier, but this time on a global scale.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: In

text: contrast

text: Roman

text: expansion

text: into

text: Spain

text: and

text: Gaul

text: occurred

text: as

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: alliance

text: seeking

text: and

text: military

text: occupation

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Roman

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Greek

text: east

text: remained

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: alliance

text: seeking

text: but

text: this

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: major

text: powers

text: that

text: could

text: rival

text: Rome

text: According

text: to

text: Polybius

text: who

text: sought

text: to

text: trace

text: how

text: Rome

text: came

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: Greek

text: east

text: in

text: less

text: than

text: a

text: century

text: this

text: was

text: mainly

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: several

text: Greek

text: city

text: states

text: seeking

text: Roman

text: protection

text: against

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: kingdom

text: and

text: Seleucid

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: destabilisation

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: weakening

text: of

text: Ptolemaic

text: Egypt

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Greek

text: east

text: had

text: been

text: dominated

text: by

text: major

text: empires

text: for

text: centuries

text: and

text: Roman

text: influence

text: and

text: alliance

text: seeking

text: led

text: to

text: wars

text: with

text: these

text: empires

text: that

text: further

text: weakened

text: them

text: and

text: therefore

text: created

text: an

text: unstable

text: power

text: vacuum

text: that

text: only

text: Rome

text: could

text: fill

text: This

text: had

text: some

text: important

text: similarities

text: to

text: and

text: important

text: differences

text: from

text: the

text: events

text: in

text: Italy

text: centuries

text: earlier

text: but

text: this

text: time

text: on

text: a

text: global

text: scale

question: What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas?

answer: destabilisation

text: destabilisation

question: Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east?

answer: Polybius

text: Polybius

question: Why was Rome involved in matters in the Greek east?

answer: alliance-seeking

text: alliance-seeking

question: Which countries citie-states attempted to gain the protection of Rome?

answer: Greek

text: Greek


text: Under modern constitutional conventions, the sovereign acts on the advice of his or her ministers. Since these ministers most often maintain the support of parliament and are the ones who obtain the passage of bills, it is highly improbable that they would advise the sovereign to withhold assent. An exception is sometimes stated to be if bills are not passed in good faith, though it is difficult to make an interpretation on what this circumstance might constitute. Hence, in modern practice, royal assent is always granted; a refusal to do so would be appropriate only in an emergency requiring the use of the monarch's reserve powers.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Under

text: modern

text: constitutional

text: conventions

text: the

text: sovereign

text: acts

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: ministers

text: Since

text: these

text: ministers

text: most

text: often

text: maintain

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: parliament

text: and

text: are

text: the

text: ones

text: who

text: obtain

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: bills

text: it

text: is

text: highly

text: improbable

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: advise

text: the

text: sovereign

text: to

text: withhold

text: assent

text: An

text: exception

text: is

text: sometimes

text: stated

text: to

text: be

text: if

text: bills

text: are

text: not

text: passed

text: in

text: good

text: faith

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: make

text: an

text: interpretation

text: on

text: what

text: this

text: circumstance

text: might

text: constitute

text: Hence

text: in

text: modern

text: practice

text: royal

text: assent

text: is

text: always

text: granted

text: a

text: refusal

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: would

text: be

text: appropriate

text: only

text: in

text: an

text: emergency

text: requiring

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: 's

text: reserve

text: powers

question: Modern-day sovereigns often acts on the advice of whom?

answer: ministers

text: ministers

question: In the event that the monarch refuses to give royal assent, what can the monarch make use of?

answer: reserve powers

text: reserve powers

question: Whose advice does a sovereign follow?

answer: his or her ministers

text: his or her ministers

question: Who often maintains parliamentary support and obtains the passage of bills?

answer: ministers

text: ministers

question: Is it probable, improbable, or impossible that a sovereign would withhold assent?

answer: improbable

text: improbable

question: Ancient sovereigns acted on the advice of whom?

text: ministers

question: Who stops the passage of bills?

text: ministers

question: Royal assent is never granted in what practice?

text: modern

question: Whose active powers are required when a royal assent is refused?

text: monarch's


text: Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking  [sic] alternative". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Though

text: queen

text: as

text: an

text: unmarried

text: young

text: woman

text: Victoria

text: was

text: required

text: by

text: social

text: convention

text: to

text: live

text: with

text: her

text: mother

text: despite

text: their

text: differences

text: over

text: the

text: Kensington

text: System

text: and

text: her

text: mother

text: 's

text: continued

text: reliance

text: on

text: Conroy

text: Her

text: mother

text: was

text: consigned

text: to

text: a

text: remote

text: apartment

text: in

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: and

text: Victoria

text: often

text: refused

text: to

text: see

text: her

text: When

text: Victoria

text: complained

text: to

text: Melbourne

text: that

text: her

text: mother

text: 's

text: close

text: proximity

text: promised

text: torment

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: Melbourne

text: sympathised

text: but

text: said

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: avoided

text: by

text: marriage

text: which

text: Victoria

text: called

text: a

text: schocking

text: sic

text: alternative

text: She

text: showed

text: interest

text: in

text: Albert

text: 's

text: education

text: for

text: the

text: future

text: role

text: he

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: play

text: as

text: her

text: husband

text: but

text: she

text: resisted

text: attempts

text: to

text: rush

text: her

text: into

text: wedlock

question: What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the queen?

answer: unmarried

text: unmarried

question: Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was unmarried?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: Victoria and her mother had differences over what system?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: Victoria and her mother had differences over her mothers reliances on who?

answer: Conroy

text: Conroy

question: Where was Victorias mother assigned to live?

answer: a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace

text: a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace

question: What did Victoria and her mother disagree on?

answer: the Kensington System

text: the Kensington System

question: Whom did Victoria's mother continue to rely on, despite Victoria's displeasure?

answer: Conroy

text: Conroy

question: To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: Where did both Queen Victoria and her mother reside after she became Queen?

answer: Buckingham Palace

text: Buckingham Palace

question: Where did Victoria live at the beginning of her reign?

answer: with her mother

text: with her mother

question: Why did Victoria live with her mother at the beginning of her reign?

answer: was required by social convention

text: was required by social convention

question: What could have allowed Victoria freedom from living with her mother?

answer: marriage

text: marriage

question: How did Victoria feel about having to be married in order to escape living with her mother?

answer: a "schocking  [sic] alternative"

text: a "schocking  [sic] alternative"

question: How did Victoria feel about the prospect of having to live with her mother, no matter how far away in the palace they put her?

answer: close proximity promised "torment for many years"

text: close proximity promised "torment for many years"

question: What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the princess?

text: unmarried

question: Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was married?

text: her mother

question: Victoria and her father had differences over what system?

text: Kensington System

question: Victoria and her mother had differences over her fathers reliances on who?

text: Conroy

question: Where was Victorias mother assigned to die?

text: a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace


text: Perhaps the first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field, Ampère's force law, was discovered later by André-Marie Ampère in 1820. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet (PM) was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in physics experiments, brine substituting for toxic mercury. Though Barlow's wheel was an early refinement to this Faraday demonstration, these and similar homopolar motors were to remain unsuited to practical application until late in the century.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: first

text: electric

text: motors

text: were

text: simple

text: electrostatic

text: devices

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: Scottish

text: monk

text: Andrew

text: Gordon

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: theoretical

text: principle

text: behind

text: production

text: of

text: mechanical

text: force

text: by

text: the

text: interactions

text: of

text: an

text: electric

text: current

text: and

text: a

text: magnetic

text: field

text: Ampère

text: 's

text: force

text: law

text: was

text: discovered

text: later

text: by

text: André

text: Marie

text: Ampère

text: in

text: The

text: conversion

text: of

text: electrical

text: energy

text: into

text: mechanical

text: energy

text: by

text: electromagnetic

text: means

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: scientist

text: Michael

text: Faraday

text: in

text: A

text: free

text: hanging

text: wire

text: was

text: dipped

text: into

text: a

text: pool

text: of

text: mercury

text: on

text: which

text: a

text: permanent

text: magnet

text: PM

text: was

text: placed

text: When

text: a

text: current

text: was

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: wire

text: the

text: wire

text: rotated

text: around

text: the

text: magnet

text: showing

text: that

text: the

text: current

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: a

text: close

text: circular

text: magnetic

text: field

text: around

text: the

text: wire

text: This

text: motor

text: is

text: often

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: physics

text: experiments

text: brine

text: substituting

text: for

text: toxic

text: mercury

text: Though

text: Barlow

text: 's

text: wheel

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: refinement

text: to

text: this

text: Faraday

text: demonstration

text: these

text: and

text: similar

text: homopolar

text: motors

text: were

text: to

text: remain

text: unsuited

text: to

text: practical

text: application

text: until

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: Who created the first electrostatic device?

answer: Andrew Gordon

text: Andrew Gordon

question: Who discovered the principles of magnetic and electric interactions?

answer: André-Marie Ampère

text: André-Marie Ampère

question: In what year did Faraday convert electrical energy into mechanical energy?

answer: 1821

question: What toxic substance originally served the function of brine in primitive motors?

answer: mercury

text: mercury

question: Who created the last electrostatic device?

text: Andrew Gordon

question: Who discovered the principles of magnetic and electric non-interactions?

text: André-Marie Ampère

question: In what year did Faraday convert non-electrical energy into mechanical energy?

question: What toxic substance originally didn't serve the function of brine in primitive motors?

text: mercury


text: Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Though

text: Houston

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: without

text: formal

text: zoning

text: regulations

text: it

text: has

text: developed

text: similarly

text: to

text: other

text: Sun

text: Belt

text: cities

text: because

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: land

text: use

text: regulations

text: and

text: legal

text: covenants

text: have

text: played

text: a

text: similar

text: role

text: Regulations

text: include

text: mandatory

text: lot

text: size

text: for

text: single

text: family

text: houses

text: and

text: requirements

text: that

text: parking

text: be

text: available

text: to

text: tenants

text: and

text: customers

text: Such

text: restrictions

text: have

text: had

text: mixed

text: results

text: Though

text: some

text: have

text: blamed

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: low

text: density

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: pedestrian

text: friendliness

text: on

text: these

text: policies

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: land

text: use

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: credited

text: with

text: having

text: significant

text: affordable

text: housing

text: sparing

text: Houston

text: the

text: worst

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: real

text: estate

text: crisis

text: The

text: city

text: issued

text: building

text: permits

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: ranked

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: healthiest

text: housing

text: markets

text: for

question: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning?

answer: Houston

text: Houston

question: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?

answer: mandatory lot size

text: mandatory lot size

question: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing?

answer: affordable housing

text: affordable housing

question: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?

answer: real estate crisis

text: real estate crisis

question: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston?

answer: 42,697

question: What is the largest city in the U.S. with formal zoning?

text: Houston

question: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Texas have?

text: mandatory lot size

question: What is Houston's ocean use policies credited with producing?

text: affordable housing

question: What serious situation of 2009 was Houston spared?

text: real estate crisis

question: How many building permits were issued in 2019 in Houston?


text: Off-grid PV systems have traditionally used rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity. With grid-tied systems, excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid, while standard grid electricity can be used to meet shortfalls. Net metering programs give household systems a credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid. This is handled by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes. If the net electricity use is below zero, the utility then rolls over the kilowatt hour credit to the next month. Other approaches involve the use of two meters, to measure electricity consumed vs. electricity produced. This is less common due to the increased installation cost of the second meter. Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions, making a second meter unnecessary.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Off

text: grid

text: PV

text: systems

text: have

text: traditionally

text: used

text: rechargeable

text: batteries

text: to

text: store

text: excess

text: electricity

text: With

text: grid

text: tied

text: systems

text: excess

text: electricity

text: can

text: be

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: transmission

text: grid

text: while

text: standard

text: grid

text: electricity

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: meet

text: shortfalls

text: Net

text: metering

text: programs

text: give

text: household

text: systems

text: a

text: credit

text: for

text: any

text: electricity

text: they

text: deliver

text: to

text: the

text: grid

text: This

text: is

text: handled

text: by

text: rolling

text: back

text: the

text: meter

text: whenever

text: the

text: home

text: produces

text: more

text: electricity

text: than

text: it

text: consumes

text: If

text: the

text: net

text: electricity

text: use

text: is

text: below

text: zero

text: the

text: utility

text: then

text: rolls

text: over

text: the

text: kilowatt

text: hour

text: credit

text: to

text: the

text: next

text: month

text: Other

text: approaches

text: involve

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: two

text: meters

text: to

text: measure

text: electricity

text: consumed

text: vs.

text: electricity

text: produced

text: This

text: is

text: less

text: common

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: increased

text: installation

text: cost

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: meter

text: Most

text: standard

text: meters

text: accurately

text: measure

text: in

text: both

text: directions

text: making

text: a

text: second

text: meter

text: unnecessary

question: Where do off-grid PV systems store excess electricity?

answer: rechargeable batteries

text: rechargeable batteries

question: What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity?

answer: rechargeable batteries

text: rechargeable batteries

question: What are the programs that gives credit to households for delivering electricity to the grid called?

answer: Net metering programs

text: Net metering programs

question: How is the credit to households accomplished?

answer: by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes

text: by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes

question: Why is a second meter usually unnecessary to monitor electricity use?

answer: Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions

text: Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions


text: The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city. The city is well known for its links to basketball, which is played in nearly every park in the city by local youth, many of whom have gone on to play for major college programs and in the NBA.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: teams

text: are

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: Nets

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Knicks

text: while

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Liberty

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Women

text: 's

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: The

text: first

text: national

text: college

text: level

text: basketball

text: championship

text: the

text: National

text: Invitation

text: Tournament

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: in

text: and

text: remains

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: links

text: to

text: basketball

text: which

text: is

text: played

text: in

text: nearly

text: every

text: park

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: by

text: local

text: youth

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: have

text: gone

text: on

text: to

text: play

text: for

text: major

text: college

text: programs

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: NBA

question: Which two national basketball teams play in NYC?

answer: the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks

text: the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks

question: New York City's women's basketball team is called what?

answer: New York Liberty

text: New York Liberty

question: The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year?

answer: 1938

question: What Women's National Basketball Association team is based in New York?

answer: New York Liberty

text: New York Liberty

question: What is the name of the collegiate basketball championship that takes place in New York?

answer: National Invitation Tournament

text: National Invitation Tournament

question: In what year was the inaugural National Invitation Tournament?

answer: 1938

question: Along with the Brooklyn Nets, what NBA team is based in New York?

answer: New York Knicks

text: New York Knicks


text: In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007, in the form of Phantom Hourglass. Miyamoto explained in interviews that the graphical style was chosen to satisfy demand, and that it better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link. The game runs on a modified The Wind Waker engine.

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: In

text: four

text: months

text: Aonuma

text: 's

text: team

text: managed

text: to

text: present

text: realistic

text: horseback

text: riding,[l

text: which

text: Nintendo

text: later

text: revealed

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: with

text: a

text: trailer

text: at

text: Electronic

text: Entertainment

text: Expo

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: scheduled

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: the

text: next

text: year

text: and

text: was

text: no

text: longer

text: a

text: follow

text: up

text: to

text: The

text: Wind

text: Waker

text: a

text: true

text: sequel

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: Phantom

text: Hourglass

text: Miyamoto

text: explained

text: in

text: interviews

text: that

text: the

text: graphical

text: style

text: was

text: chosen

text: to

text: satisfy

text: demand

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: better

text: fit

text: the

text: theme

text: of

text: an

text: older

text: incarnation

text: of

text: Link

text: The

text: game

text: runs

text: on

text: a

text: modified

text: The

text: Wind

text: Waker

text: engine

question: How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner?

answer: four

text: four

question: Where did Nintendo preview the horseback riding feature?

answer: Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004

text: Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004

question: What console was home to the sequel for The Wind Waker?

answer: Nintendo DS

text: Nintendo DS

question: What was the name of the second Wind Waker game?

answer: Phantom Hourglass

text: Phantom Hourglass

question: When did the company release a trailer of the horseback riding aspect?

answer: 2004

question: How long did it take to implement riding Phantoms in a believable manner?

text: four months

question: Where did Nintendo preview the Phantom riding feature?

text: Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004

question: What console was home to the sequel for Aonuma?

text: Nintendo DS

question: What was the name of the second Aonuma game?

text: Phantom Hourglass

question: When did the company release a trailer of the Phantom riding aspect?


text: Even though proportionality is confined to the proportional seats to prevent a part from being overrepresented, several restrictions apply in the assignation of the seats; namely, that no party can have more than 63% of all seats, both uninominal and plurinominal. In the 2006 elections leftist PRD got the absolute majority in the direct uninominal elections, securing 34 of the 40 FPP seats. As such, the PRD was not assigned any plurinominal seat to comply with the law that prevents over-representation. The overall composition of the Legislative Assembly is:

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Even

text: though

text: proportionality

text: is

text: confined

text: to

text: the

text: proportional

text: seats

text: to

text: prevent

text: a

text: part

text: from

text: being

text: overrepresented

text: several

text: restrictions

text: apply

text: in

text: the

text: assignation

text: of

text: the

text: seats

text: namely

text: that

text: no

text: party

text: can

text: have

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: seats

text: both

text: uninominal

text: and

text: plurinominal

text: In

text: the

text: elections

text: leftist

text: PRD

text: got

text: the

text: absolute

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: direct

text: uninominal

text: elections

text: securing

text: of

text: the

text: FPP

text: seats

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: PRD

text: was

text: not

text: assigned

text: any

text: plurinominal

text: seat

text: to

text: comply

text: with

text: the

text: law

text: that

text: prevents

text: over

text: representation

text: The

text: overall

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: is

question: What is the maximum percentage of seats a single party can control?

answer: 63

question: How many seats of the uninominal elections did the PRD get in the 2006 elections?

answer: 34

question: Why does the government prevent more than 63% of a party to control the legislature?

answer: over-representation

text: over-representation


text: The first Dominican site in England was at Oxford, in the parishes of St. Edward and St. Adelaide. The friars built an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary and by 1265, the brethren, in keeping with their devotion to study, began erecting a school. Actually, the Dominican brothers likely began a school immediately after their arrival, as priories were legally schools. Information about the schools of the English Province is limited, but a few facts are known. Much of the information available is taken from visitation records. The "visitation" was a section of the province through which visitors to each priory could describe the state of its religious life and its studies to the next chapter. There were four such visits in England and Wales—Oxford, London, Cambridge and York. All Dominican students were required to learn grammar, old and new logic, natural philosophy and theology. Of all of the curricular areas, however, theology was the most important. This is not surprising when one remembers Dominic's zeal for it.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: The

text: first

text: Dominican

text: site

text: in

text: England

text: was

text: at

text: Oxford

text: in

text: the

text: parishes

text: of

text: St.

text: Edward

text: and

text: St.

text: Adelaide

text: The

text: friars

text: built

text: an

text: oratory

text: to

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: brethren

text: in

text: keeping

text: with

text: their

text: devotion

text: to

text: study

text: began

text: erecting

text: a

text: school

text: Actually

text: the

text: Dominican

text: brothers

text: likely

text: began

text: a

text: school

text: immediately

text: after

text: their

text: arrival

text: as

text: priories

text: were

text: legally

text: schools

text: Information

text: about

text: the

text: schools

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Province

text: is

text: limited

text: but

text: a

text: few

text: facts

text: are

text: known

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: information

text: available

text: is

text: taken

text: from

text: visitation

text: records

text: The

text: visitation

text: was

text: a

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: through

text: which

text: visitors

text: to

text: each

text: priory

text: could

text: describe

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: its

text: religious

text: life

text: and

text: its

text: studies

text: to

text: the

text: next

text: chapter

text: There

text: were

text: four

text: such

text: visits

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: Oxford

text: London

text: Cambridge

text: and

text: York

text: All

text: Dominican

text: students

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: learn

text: grammar

text: old

text: and

text: new

text: logic

text: natural

text: philosophy

text: and

text: theology

text: Of

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: curricular

text: areas

text: however

text: theology

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: This

text: is

text: not

text: surprising

text: when

text: one

text: remembers

text: Dominic

text: 's

text: zeal

text: for

text: it

question: What famous school was home to the first English Dominican Order?

answer: Oxford

text: Oxford

question: Who did the friars build an oratory in honor of?

answer: the Blessed Virgin Mary

text: the Blessed Virgin Mary

question: What was a subject that all Dominican students had to learn?

answer: natural philosophy

text: natural philosophy

question: What was the most important subject for Dominican students?

answer: theology

text: theology

question: By what year was the school in Oxford completed?

answer: 1265

question: Where was the first Benedictine site in England?

text: England

question: What did Benedictine friars build?

text: an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary

question: What did the Dominican friars build in 1260?

text: a school

question: What were the subjects that all Benedictine students had to learn?

question: What was the most important subject that all Benedictine students had to learn?

text: theology


text: Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed during lautering, when sweet wort is separated from insoluble grain material. Other malted and unmalted grains (including wheat, rice, oats, and rye, and less frequently, corn and sorghum) may be used. Some brewers have produced gluten-free beer, made with sorghum with no barley malt, for those who cannot consume gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley, and rye.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: Nearly

text: all

text: beer

text: includes

text: barley

text: malt

text: as

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: starch

text: This

text: is

text: because

text: its

text: fibrous

text: hull

text: remains

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: grain

text: during

text: threshing

text: After

text: malting

text: barley

text: is

text: milled

text: which

text: finally

text: removes

text: the

text: hull

text: breaking

text: it

text: into

text: large

text: pieces

text: These

text: pieces

text: remain

text: with

text: the

text: grain

text: during

text: the

text: mash

text: and

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: filter

text: bed

text: during

text: lautering

text: when

text: sweet

text: wort

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: insoluble

text: grain

text: material

text: Other

text: malted

text: and

text: unmalted

text: grains

text: including

text: wheat

text: rice

text: oats

text: and

text: rye

text: and

text: less

text: frequently

text: corn

text: and

text: sorghum

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: Some

text: brewers

text: have

text: produced

text: gluten

text: free

text: beer

text: made

text: with

text: sorghum

text: with

text: no

text: barley

text: malt

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: can

text: not

text: consume

text: gluten

text: containing

text: grains

text: like

text: wheat

text: barley

text: and

text: rye

question: What is the main source of starch and most beer?

answer: barley malt

text: barley malt

question: At what point does barley have it's hull broken up into pieces?

answer: After malting

text: After malting

question: What takes the place of barley malt in gluten-free beer?

answer: sorghum

text: sorghum

question: When is sweet wort separated during the brewing process?

answer: during lautering

text: during lautering

question: Aside from barley, what is a another product founded beer that might contain gluten?

answer: wheat

text: wheat

question: What does all beer include as the majority of malt?

text: starch

question: What is done to the barley after it is milled?

text: malting

question: What do the remaining grain pieces act as during lautering?

text: filter bed

question: What is the beer containing wheat, barley, and rye called when made with sorghum as well?

text: gluten-free beer


text: When revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain in 1793, the United States sought to remain neutral, but the Jay Treaty, which was favorable to Great Britain, angered the French government, which viewed it as a violation of the 1778 Treaty of Alliance. French privateers began to seize U.S. vessels, which led to an undeclared "Quasi-War" between the two nations. Fought at sea from 1798 to 1800, the United States won a string of victories in the Caribbean. George Washington was called out of retirement to head a "provisional army" in case of invasion by France, but President John Adams managed to negotiate a truce, in which France agreed to terminate the prior alliance and cease its attacks.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: When

text: revolutionary

text: France

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: Great

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: sought

text: to

text: remain

text: neutral

text: but

text: the

text: Jay

text: Treaty

text: which

text: was

text: favorable

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: angered

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: which

text: viewed

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Alliance

text: French

text: privateers

text: began

text: to

text: seize

text: U.S.

text: vessels

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: undeclared

text: Quasi

text: War

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: nations

text: Fought

text: at

text: sea

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: won

text: a

text: string

text: of

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: George

text: Washington

text: was

text: called

text: out

text: of

text: retirement

text: to

text: head

text: a

text: provisional

text: army

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: invasion

text: by

text: France

text: but

text: President

text: John

text: Adams

text: managed

text: to

text: negotiate

text: a

text: truce

text: in

text: which

text: France

text: agreed

text: to

text: terminate

text: the

text: prior

text: alliance

text: and

text: cease

text: its

text: attacks

question: What was the US policy when France declared war on England in 1793?

answer: to remain neutral

text: to remain neutral

question: What treaty with England conflicted with the United States' Treaty of Alliance with France?

answer: the Jay Treaty

text: the Jay Treaty

question: Where did US ships and French privateers fight between 1798 and 1800?

answer: the Caribbean

text: the Caribbean

question: What US President negotiated a truce with France to end the undeclared war at sea?

answer: John Adams

text: John Adams

question: When was the Treaty of Alliance with France signed?

answer: 1778

question: What was the UK policy when France declared war on England in 1793?

text: remain neutral

question: What treaty with Ireland conflicted with the United States' Treaty of Alliance with France?

text: Jay Treaty

question: Where did UK ships and French privateers fight between 1798 and 1800?

text: Caribbean

question: What US President negotiated a truce with Ireland to end the undeclared war at sea?

text: John Adams

question: When was the Treaty of Alliance with France rejected?


text: In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals. Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: In

text: February

text: the

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Edward

text: Heath

text: advised

text: the

text: Queen

text: to

text: call

text: a

text: general

text: election

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: her

text: tour

text: of

text: the

text: Austronesian

text: Pacific

text: Rim

text: requiring

text: her

text: to

text: fly

text: back

text: to

text: Britain

text: The

text: election

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: hung

text: parliament

text: Heath

text: 's

text: Conservatives

text: were

text: not

text: the

text: largest

text: party

text: but

text: could

text: stay

text: in

text: office

text: if

text: they

text: formed

text: a

text: coalition

text: with

text: the

text: Liberals

text: Heath

text: only

text: resigned

text: when

text: discussions

text: on

text: forming

text: a

text: coalition

text: foundered

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: Queen

text: asked

text: the

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Opposition

text: Labour

text: 's

text: Harold

text: Wilson

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: government

question: When did Edward Heath ask Elizabeth to call a general election?

answer: February 1974

text: February 1974

question: Where was Elizabeth when Heath advised that sh call for an election?

answer: Austronesian Pacific Rim

text: Austronesian Pacific Rim

question: What did Elizabeth do after Heath adviser her?

answer: fly back to Britain

text: fly back to Britain

question: What did Heath do after his party could not form a coalition with the Labor party?

answer: resigned

text: resigned

question: Who did Elizabeth ask to form a government?

answer: Harold Wilson

text: Harold Wilson

question: In what year did Edward Heath become the British prime minister?

question: In what month in 1974 did Edward Heath resign as prime minister?

text: February

question: In what month in 1974 did Harold Wilson become prime minister?

text: February

question: When did Elizabeth begin her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim?

text: February 1974

question: Who did  Labour's Prime Minister Harold Wilson form a government with?

text: Conservatives


text: Beyoncé's vocal range spans four octaves. Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music". While another critic says she is a "Vocal acrobat, being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly, and in key. Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. The Daily Mail calls Beyoncé's voice "versatile", capable of exploring power ballads, soul, rock belting, operatic flourishes, and hip hop. Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting". Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced Beyoncé's strange rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto. Other critics praise her range and power, with Chris Richards of The Washington Post saying she was "capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars."

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: vocal

text: range

text: spans

text: four

text: octaves

text: Jody

text: Rosen

text: highlights

text: her

text: tone

text: and

text: timbre

text: as

text: particularly

text: distinctive

text: describing

text: her

text: voice

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: compelling

text: instruments

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: While

text: another

text: critic

text: says

text: she

text: is

text: a

text: Vocal

text: acrobat

text: being

text: able

text: to

text: sing

text: long

text: and

text: complex

text: melismas

text: and

text: vocal

text: runs

text: effortlessly

text: and

text: in

text: key

text: Her

text: vocal

text: abilities

text: mean

text: she

text: is

text: identified

text: as

text: the

text: centerpiece

text: of

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: The

text: Daily

text: Mail

text: calls

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: voice

text: versatile

text: capable

text: of

text: exploring

text: power

text: ballads

text: soul

text: rock

text: belting

text: operatic

text: flourishes

text: and

text: hip

text: hop

text: Jon

text: Pareles

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: commented

text: that

text: her

text: voice

text: is

text: velvety

text: yet

text: tart

text: with

text: an

text: insistent

text: flutter

text: and

text: reserves

text: of

text: soul

text: belting

text: Rosen

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: hip

text: hop

text: era

text: highly

text: influenced

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: strange

text: rhythmic

text: vocal

text: style

text: but

text: also

text: finds

text: her

text: quite

text: traditionalist

text: in

text: her

text: use

text: of

text: balladry

text: gospel

text: and

text: falsetto

text: Other

text: critics

text: praise

text: her

text: range

text: and

text: power

text: with

text: Chris

text: Richards

text: of

text: The

text: Washington

text: Post

text: saying

text: she

text: was

text: capable

text: of

text: punctuating

text: any

text: beat

text: with

text: goose

text: bump

text: inducing

text: whispers

text: or

text: full

text: bore

text: diva

text: roars

question: Beyonce's range in singing is how many octaves?

answer: four

text: four

question: who talked about Beyonce's tone and timbre as distinctive?

answer: Jody Rosen

text: Jody Rosen

question: Which critic called Beyonce's voice "versatile"?

answer: The Daily Mail

text: The Daily Mail

question: Which era was credited to have influenced Beyonce's singing style by Jody Rosen?

answer: hip hop

text: hip hop

question: How many octaves does Beyonce have?

answer: four octaves

text: four octaves

question: What did the Daily Mail say about Beyonce's voice?

answer: versatile

text: versatile

question: What does Rosen claim influenced Beyonce's style?

answer: hip hop

text: hip hop

question: What do other critics claim?

answer: praise her range and power

text: praise her range and power

question: How many octaves does Beyoncé's voice span?

answer: four

text: four

question: Why is Beyoncé known as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child?

answer: Her vocal abilities

text: Her vocal abilities

question: New York Times' Jon Pareles calls Beyoncé's voice velvety yet what?

answer: tart

text: tart

question: What does Jody Rosen say influenced Beyoncé's vocal style?

answer: the hip hop era

text: the hip hop era


text: In early February, the South Korean 11th Division ran the operation to destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea. During the operation, the division and police conducted the Geochang massacre and Sancheong-Hamyang massacre. In mid-February, the PVA counterattacked with the Fourth Phase Offensive and achieved initial victory at Hoengseong. But the offensive was soon blunted by the IX Corps positions at Chipyong-ni in the center. Units of the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division and the French Battalion fought a short but desperate battle that broke the attack's momentum. The battle is sometimes known as the Gettysburg of the Korean War. The battle saw 5,600 Korean, American and French troops defeat a numerically superior Chinese force. Surrounded on all sides, the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division Warrior Division's 23rd Regimental Combat Team with an attached French Battalion was hemmed in by more than 25,000 Chinese Communist forces. United Nations forces had previously retreated in the face of large Communist forces instead of getting cut off, but this time they stood and fought at odds of roughly 15 to 1.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: In

text: early

text: February

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: Division

text: ran

text: the

text: operation

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: guerrillas

text: and

text: their

text: sympathizer

text: citizens

text: in

text: Southern

text: Korea

text: During

text: the

text: operation

text: the

text: division

text: and

text: police

text: conducted

text: the

text: Geochang

text: massacre

text: and

text: Sancheong

text: Hamyang

text: massacre

text: In

text: mid

text: February

text: the

text: PVA

text: counterattacked

text: with

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Phase

text: Offensive

text: and

text: achieved

text: initial

text: victory

text: at

text: Hoengseong

text: But

text: the

text: offensive

text: was

text: soon

text: blunted

text: by

text: the

text: IX

text: Corps

text: positions

text: at

text: Chipyong

text: ni

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: Units

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Battalion

text: fought

text: a

text: short

text: but

text: desperate

text: battle

text: that

text: broke

text: the

text: attack

text: 's

text: momentum

text: The

text: battle

text: is

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Gettysburg

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: The

text: battle

text: saw

text: Korean

text: American

text: and

text: French

text: troops

text: defeat

text: a

text: numerically

text: superior

text: Chinese

text: force

text: Surrounded

text: on

text: all

text: sides

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: Warrior

text: Division

text: 's

text: Regimental

text: Combat

text: Team

text: with

text: an

text: attached

text: French

text: Battalion

text: was

text: hemmed

text: in

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: forces

text: United

text: Nations

text: forces

text: had

text: previously

text: retreated

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: large

text: Communist

text: forces

text: instead

text: of

text: getting

text: cut

text: off

text: but

text: this

text: time

text: they

text: stood

text: and

text: fought

text: at

text: odds

text: of

text: roughly

text: to

question: What to be achieved by the Sancheong-Hamyang and Geochang massacres in South Korea?

answer: destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea

text: destroy the guerrillas and their sympathizer citizens in Southern Korea

question: Who's attack resulted in victory at Hoengseong?

answer: the PVA

text: the PVA

question: What is considered to be the the Korean War's equivalent to Gettysburg?

answer: the Fourth Phase Offensive

text: the Fourth Phase Offensive

question: What did the French Battalion's efforts do to the PVA forces?

answer: broke the attack's momentum

text: broke the attack's momentum

question: How many PVA soldiers fought in this battle and lost?

answer: more than 25,000

text: more than 25,000


text: In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army. The total death toll, including estimates made by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, was between 300,000 and 350,000. The city itself was also severely damaged during the massacre. The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate this event.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: In

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: started

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: invasion

text: of

text: China

text: after

text: invading

text: Manchuria

text: in

text: beginning

text: the

text: Second

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: often

text: considered

text: a

text: theatre

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Their

text: troops

text: occupied

text: Nanjing

text: in

text: December

text: and

text: carried

text: out

text: the

text: systematic

text: and

text: brutal

text: Nanking

text: Massacre

text: the

text: Rape

text: of

text: Nanking

text: Even

text: children

text: the

text: elderly

text: and

text: nuns

text: are

text: reported

text: to

text: have

text: suffered

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: The

text: total

text: death

text: toll

text: including

text: estimates

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Military

text: Tribunal

text: for

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Nanjing

text: War

text: Crimes

text: Tribunal

text: was

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: city

text: itself

text: was

text: also

text: severely

text: damaged

text: during

text: the

text: massacre

text: The

text: Nanjing

text: Massacre

text: Memorial

text: Hall

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: to

text: commemorate

text: this

text: event

question: When did Japan invade Manchuria?

answer: 1931

question: When did Japan invade all of China?

answer: 1937

question: Who killed innocent civilians in the Nanking Massacre?

answer: the Imperial Japanese Army

text: the Imperial Japanese Army

question: How many died in the Nanking Massacre?

answer: between 300,000 and 350,000

text: between 300,000 and 350,000

question: When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built?

answer: 1985


text: The basic air defence unit is typically a battery with 2 to 12 guns or missile launchers and fire control elements. These batteries, particularly with guns, usually deploy in a small area, although batteries may be split; this is usual for some missile systems. SHORAD missile batteries often deploy across an area with individual launchers several kilometres apart. When MANPADS is operated by specialists, batteries may have several dozen teams deploying separately in small sections; self-propelled air defence guns may deploy in pairs.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: basic

text: air

text: defence

text: unit

text: is

text: typically

text: a

text: battery

text: with

text: to

text: guns

text: or

text: missile

text: launchers

text: and

text: fire

text: control

text: elements

text: These

text: batteries

text: particularly

text: with

text: guns

text: usually

text: deploy

text: in

text: a

text: small

text: area

text: although

text: batteries

text: may

text: be

text: split

text: this

text: is

text: usual

text: for

text: some

text: missile

text: systems

text: SHORAD

text: missile

text: batteries

text: often

text: deploy

text: across

text: an

text: area

text: with

text: individual

text: launchers

text: several

text: kilometres

text: apart

text: When

text: MANPADS

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: specialists

text: batteries

text: may

text: have

text: several

text: dozen

text: teams

text: deploying

text: separately

text: in

text: small

text: sections

text: self

text: propelled

text: air

text: defence

text: guns

text: may

text: deploy

text: in

text: pairs

question: How many guns or missile launchers are typically in a battery?

answer: 2 to 12

text: 2 to 12

question: In addition to guns or missile launchers, what else comprises the battery?

answer: fire control elements

text: fire control elements

question: Where do batteries typically get deployed?

answer: in a small area

text: in a small area

question: Which missile batteries often have individual launchers several kilometres from one another?

answer: SHORAD

text: SHORAD

question: Several dozen teams can deploy individually in small sections when what is handled by a specialist?

answer: MANPADS

text: MANPADS


text: Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel. The grotesque and near-supernatural qualities of Boo Radley and his house, and the element of racial injustice involving Tom Robinson contribute to the aura of the Gothic in the novel. Lee used the term "Gothic" to describe the architecture of Maycomb's courthouse and in regard to Dill's exaggeratedly morbid performances as Boo Radley. Outsiders are also an important element of Southern Gothic texts and Scout and Jem's questions about the hierarchy in the town cause scholars to compare the novel to Catcher in the Rye and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Despite challenging the town's systems, Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others, because he believes that following one's conscience is the highest priority, even when the result is social ostracism. However, scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification, noting that Boo Radley is in fact human, protective, and benevolent. Furthermore, in addressing themes such as alcoholism, incest, rape, and racial violence, Lee wrote about her small town realistically rather than melodramatically. She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Scholars

text: have

text: characterized

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: Southern

text: Gothic

text: and

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: Bildungsroman

text: novel

text: The

text: grotesque

text: and

text: near

text: supernatural

text: qualities

text: of

text: Boo

text: Radley

text: and

text: his

text: house

text: and

text: the

text: element

text: of

text: racial

text: injustice

text: involving

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: aura

text: of

text: the

text: Gothic

text: in

text: the

text: novel

text: Lee

text: used

text: the

text: term

text: Gothic

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: architecture

text: of

text: Maycomb

text: 's

text: courthouse

text: and

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: Dill

text: 's

text: exaggeratedly

text: morbid

text: performances

text: as

text: Boo

text: Radley

text: Outsiders

text: are

text: also

text: an

text: important

text: element

text: of

text: Southern

text: Gothic

text: texts

text: and

text: Scout

text: and

text: Jem

text: 's

text: questions

text: about

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: cause

text: scholars

text: to

text: compare

text: the

text: novel

text: to

text: Catcher

text: in

text: the

text: Rye

text: and

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Huckleberry

text: Finn

text: Despite

text: challenging

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: systems

text: Scout

text: reveres

text: Atticus

text: as

text: an

text: authority

text: above

text: all

text: others

text: because

text: he

text: believes

text: that

text: following

text: one

text: 's

text: conscience

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: priority

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: result

text: is

text: social

text: ostracism

text: However

text: scholars

text: debate

text: about

text: the

text: Southern

text: Gothic

text: classification

text: noting

text: that

text: Boo

text: Radley

text: is

text: in

text: fact

text: human

text: protective

text: and

text: benevolent

text: Furthermore

text: in

text: addressing

text: themes

text: such

text: as

text: alcoholism

text: incest

text: rape

text: and

text: racial

text: violence

text: Lee

text: wrote

text: about

text: her

text: small

text: town

text: realistically

text: rather

text: than

text: melodramatically

text: She

text: portrays

text: the

text: problems

text: of

text: individual

text: characters

text: as

text: universal

text: underlying

text: issues

text: in

text: every

text: society

question: What genre of book is To Kill a Mockingbird typically called?

answer: Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel

text: Southern Gothic and coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel

question: What term did Lee use to describe the town's courthouse?

answer: Gothic

text: Gothic

question: Who does Scout revere above everyone else?

answer: Atticus

text: Atticus