text: Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant literature. The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather Written by Samuel Dean.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Law

text: offers

text: more

text: ambiguity

text: Some

text: writings

text: of

text: Plato

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: the

text: law

text: tables

text: of

text: Hammurabi

text: of

text: Babylon

text: or

text: even

text: the

text: early

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: could

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: legal

text: literature

text: Roman

text: civil

text: law

text: as

text: codified

text: in

text: the

text: Corpus

text: Juris

text: Civilis

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Justinian

text: I

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: has

text: a

text: reputation

text: as

text: significant

text: literature

text: The

text: founding

text: documents

text: of

text: many

text: countries

text: including

text: Constitutions

text: and

text: Law

text: Codes

text: can

text: count

text: as

text: literature

text: however

text: most

text: legal

text: writings

text: rarely

text: exhibit

text: much

text: literary

text: merit

text: as

text: they

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: rather

text: Written

text: by

text: Samuel

text: Dean

question: What Babylonian ruler created formal law tables?

answer: Hammurabi

text: Hammurabi

question: What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature?

answer: the Bible

text: the Bible

question: Roman civil law was written and codified into a unified system by what group?

answer: the Corpus Juris Civilis

text: the Corpus Juris Civilis

question: Under what Emperor did this group sit?

answer: Justinian I

text: Justinian I

question: What empire did Justinian preside over?

answer: the Byzantine Empire

text: the Byzantine Empire

question: Harambe of Babylon created what?

text: the law tables

question: Late parts of the Bible could be seen as what?

text: legal literature

question: What was Roman National Law referred to?

text: Corpus Juris Civilis

question: Many founding documents are called literature like Supreme Count Briefings and what else?

text: Constitutions and Law Codes

question: What location were Plato and Aristotle from?

text: Babylon

question: Who reigned during the Roman Empire?

text: Justinian I

question: What was Babylonian civil law codified in?

text: Corpus Juris Civilis

question: What does Samuel Dean say law offers?

text: more ambiguity


text: During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate king, Servius Tullius (ruled 578 to 534 BC). According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the front rank was composed of the wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment. Each subsequent rank consisted of those with less wealth and poorer equipment than the one before it.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: Roman

text: soldiers

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: modelled

text: after

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Etruscans

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: who

text: themselves

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: copied

text: their

text: style

text: of

text: warfare

text: from

text: the

text: Greeks

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: phalanx

text: formation

text: into

text: the

text: Roman

text: army

text: is

text: ascribed

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: penultimate

text: king

text: Servius

text: Tullius

text: ruled

text: to

text: BC

text: According

text: to

text: Livy

text: and

text: Dionysius

text: of

text: Halicarnassus

text: the

text: front

text: rank

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: citizens

text: who

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: purchase

text: the

text: best

text: equipment

text: Each

text: subsequent

text: rank

text: consisted

text: of

text: those

text: with

text: less

text: wealth

text: and

text: poorer

text: equipment

text: than

text: the

text: one

text: before

text: it

question: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?

answer: Servius Tullius

text: Servius Tullius

question: Were Roman soldiers expected to purchase their own equipment?

answer: wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment

text: wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment

question: Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation?

answer: wealthiest citizens

text: wealthiest citizens

question: From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on?

answer: Greeks

text: Greeks

question: Where did Dionysius hail from?

answer: Halicarnassus

text: Halicarnassus


text: The Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands) operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands. There are two tertiary institutions operating in the Marshall Islands, the College of the Marshall Islands and the University of the South Pacific.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: operates

text: the

text: state

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: tertiary

text: institutions

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

question: What body operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands?

answer: Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)

text: Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)

question: Along with the University of the South Pacific, what tertiary education institution exists in the Marshall Islands?

answer: College of the Marshall Islands

text: College of the Marshall Islands


text: Throughout Europe at this time there was a rapid growth in trade and an associated growth in towns. Germany and the Lowlands had large flourishing towns that grew in comparative peace, in trade and competition with each other, or united for mutual weal, as in the Hanseatic League. Civic building was of great importance to these towns as a sign of wealth and pride. England and France remained largely feudal and produced grand domestic architecture for their kings, dukes and bishops, rather than grand town halls for their burghers.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: Throughout

text: Europe

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: rapid

text: growth

text: in

text: trade

text: and

text: an

text: associated

text: growth

text: in

text: towns

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Lowlands

text: had

text: large

text: flourishing

text: towns

text: that

text: grew

text: in

text: comparative

text: peace

text: in

text: trade

text: and

text: competition

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: or

text: united

text: for

text: mutual

text: weal

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Hanseatic

text: League

text: Civic

text: building

text: was

text: of

text: great

text: importance

text: to

text: these

text: towns

text: as

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: wealth

text: and

text: pride

text: England

text: and

text: France

text: remained

text: largely

text: feudal

text: and

text: produced

text: grand

text: domestic

text: architecture

text: for

text: their

text: kings

text: dukes

text: and

text: bishops

text: rather

text: than

text: grand

text: town

text: halls

text: for

text: their

text: burghers

question: Europe experienced a rapid growth in what at this time?

answer: trade

text: trade

question: What is one country that contained considerable and prosperous towns during this time?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What type of building was considered to be very important and a sign of affluence and achievement?

answer: Civic building

text: Civic building

question: What is one country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers?

answer: England

text: England

question: What is another country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its royalty rather than its burghers?

answer: France

text: France

question: What did Europe experience a rapid decline in at this time?

text: trade

question: What is the only country that contained considerable and prosperous towns during this time?

text: Germany

question: What type of building was considered to be very unimportant and a sign of affluence and achievement?

text: Civic building

question: What is one country that stayed mostly feudal and created spectacular architecture for its burghers rather than its royalty?

text: England


text: Since it was quite easy to stack interconnections (wires) inside the embedding matrix, the approach allowed designers to forget completely about the routing of wires (usually a time-consuming operation of PCB design): Anywhere the designer needs a connection, the machine will draw a wire in straight line from one location/pin to another. This led to very short design times (no complex algorithms to use even for high density designs) as well as reduced crosstalk (which is worse when wires run parallel to each other—which almost never happens in Multiwire), though the cost is too high to compete with cheaper PCB technologies when large quantities are needed.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Since

text: it

text: was

text: quite

text: easy

text: to

text: stack

text: interconnections

text: wires

text: inside

text: the

text: embedding

text: matrix

text: the

text: approach

text: allowed

text: designers

text: to

text: forget

text: completely

text: about

text: the

text: routing

text: of

text: wires

text: usually

text: a

text: time

text: consuming

text: operation

text: of

text: PCB

text: design

text: Anywhere

text: the

text: designer

text: needs

text: a

text: connection

text: the

text: machine

text: will

text: draw

text: a

text: wire

text: in

text: straight

text: line

text: from

text: one

text: location

text: pin

text: to

text: another

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: very

text: short

text: design

text: times

text: no

text: complex

text: algorithms

text: to

text: use

text: even

text: for

text: high

text: density

text: designs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: reduced

text: crosstalk

text: which

text: is

text: worse

text: when

text: wires

text: run

text: parallel

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: which

text: almost

text: never

text: happens

text: in

text: Multiwire

text: though

text: the

text: cost

text: is

text: too

text: high

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: cheaper

text: PCB

text: technologies

text: when

text: large

text: quantities

text: are

text: needed

question: What arduous aspect of the process can designers skip in Multiwire?

answer: routing of wires

text: routing of wires

question: What does the machine create by drawing a straight line between two points on the board?

answer: a connection

text: a connection

question: Along with quick design times, what problem does Multiwire cut down on?

answer: crosstalk

text: crosstalk

question: What makes Multiwire impractical to use when large quantities of a board are needed?

answer: cost

text: cost

question: In simple language, what are the interconnections in an embedding matrix?

answer: wires

text: wires

question: It was difficult to stack interconnections inside of what?

text: the embedding matrix

question: The machine will draw a wire in a curved line from one location/ to where?

text: another

question: What led to long design times?

text: the machine

question: What led to increased crosstalk?

text: the machine


text: On March 30, 2015, it was announced that Beyoncé is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry, and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. "The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: On

text: March

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: Beyoncé

text: is

text: a

text: co

text: owner

text: with

text: various

text: other

text: music

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: streaming

text: service

text: Tidal

text: The

text: service

text: specialises

text: in

text: lossless

text: audio

text: and

text: high

text: definition

text: music

text: videos

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: husband

text: Jay

text: Z

text: acquired

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: of

text: Tidal

text: Aspiro

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: quarter

text: of

text: Including

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Jay

text: Z

text: sixteen

text: artist

text: stakeholders

text: such

text: as

text: Kanye

text: West

text: Rihanna

text: Madonna

text: Chris

text: Martin

text: Nicki

text: Minaj

text: and

text: more

text: co

text: own

text: Tidal

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: owning

text: a

text: equity

text: stake

text: The

text: idea

text: of

text: having

text: an

text: all

text: artist

text: owned

text: streaming

text: service

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: those

text: involved

text: to

text: adapt

text: to

text: the

text: increased

text: demand

text: for

text: streaming

text: within

text: the

text: current

text: music

text: industry

text: and

text: to

text: rival

text: other

text: streaming

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: Spotify

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: criticised

text: for

text: their

text: low

text: payout

text: of

text: royalties

text: The

text: challenge

text: is

text: to

text: get

text: everyone

text: to

text: respect

text: music

text: again

text: to

text: recognize

text: its

text: value

text: stated

text: Jay

text: Z

text: on

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Tidal

question: When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal?

answer: March 30, 2015

text: March 30, 2015

question: The parent company of Tidal became under the ownership of whom in 2015?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: When was it announced that Beyonce was  a co-owner in Tidal?

answer: March 30, 2015

text: March 30, 2015

question: What kind of service is Tidal?

answer: music streaming service

text: music streaming service

question: What is a criticism of other streaming services?

answer: low payout of royalties

text: low payout of royalties

question: What music streaming system is Beyoncé part owner of?

answer: Tidal.

text: Tidal.

question: What is the parent company of the music service Beyoncé owns part of?

answer: Aspiro

text: Aspiro

question: Who acquired the parent company of the music service Beyoncé owns part of?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: What music service is accused of providing low royalty amounts?

answer: Spotify

text: Spotify


text: On 23 October 1501, at Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union was reformed at the Union of Mielnik (Polish: unia mielnicka, unia piotrkowsko-mielnicka). It was there that the tradition of the coronation Sejm (Polish: "Sejm koronacyjny") was founded. Once again the middle nobility (middle in wealth, not in rank) attempted to reduce the power of the magnates with a law that made them impeachable before the Senate for malfeasance. However the Act of Mielno (Polish: Przywilej mielnicki) of 25 October did more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility. The nobles were given the right to disobey the King or his representatives—in the Latin, "non praestanda oboedientia"—and to form confederations, an armed rebellion against the king or state officers if the nobles thought that the law or their legitimate privileges were being infringed.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: On

text: October

text: at

text: Mielnik

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: union

text: was

text: reformed

text: at

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Mielnik

text: Polish

text: unia

text: mielnicka

text: unia

text: piotrkowsko

text: mielnicka

text: It

text: was

text: there

text: that

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: the

text: coronation

text: Sejm

text: Polish

text: Sejm

text: koronacyjny

text: was

text: founded

text: Once

text: again

text: the

text: middle

text: nobility

text: middle

text: in

text: wealth

text: not

text: in

text: rank

text: attempted

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: magnates

text: with

text: a

text: law

text: that

text: made

text: them

text: impeachable

text: before

text: the

text: Senate

text: for

text: malfeasance

text: However

text: the

text: Act

text: of

text: Mielno

text: Polish

text: Przywilej

text: mielnicki

text: of

text: October

text: did

text: more

text: to

text: strengthen

text: the

text: magnate

text: dominated

text: Senate

text: of

text: Poland

text: then

text: the

text: lesser

text: nobility

text: The

text: nobles

text: were

text: given

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: disobey

text: the

text: King

text: or

text: his

text: representatives

text: in

text: the

text: Latin

text: non

text: praestanda

text: oboedientia

text: and

text: to

text: form

text: confederations

text: an

text: armed

text: rebellion

text: against

text: the

text: king

text: or

text: state

text: officers

text: if

text: the

text: nobles

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: law

text: or

text: their

text: legitimate

text: privileges

text: were

text: being

text: infringed

question: When did the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union reform?

answer: 23 October 1501

text: 23 October 1501

question: Where was the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union refromed?

answer: Union of Mielnik

text: Union of Mielnik

question: Where was the  coronation Sejm founded?

answer: Union of Mielnik

text: Union of Mielnik

question: What did the actof of milno do?

answer: more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility

text: more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility

question: What right was given to the nobles?

answer: disobey the King or his representatives

text: disobey the King or his representatives


text: The Pāli Tipitaka, which means "three baskets", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrinal clarification. The Sutta Pitaka contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka contains material often described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha's teachings.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: Pāli

text: Tipitaka

text: which

text: means

text: three

text: baskets

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: Vinaya

text: Pitaka

text: the

text: Sutta

text: Pitaka

text: and

text: the

text: Abhidhamma

text: Pitaka

text: The

text: Vinaya

text: Pitaka

text: contains

text: disciplinary

text: rules

text: for

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: monks

text: and

text: nuns

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: explanations

text: of

text: why

text: and

text: how

text: these

text: rules

text: were

text: instituted

text: supporting

text: material

text: and

text: doctrinal

text: clarification

text: The

text: Sutta

text: Pitaka

text: contains

text: discourses

text: ascribed

text: to

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: The

text: Abhidhamma

text: Pitaka

text: contains

text: material

text: often

text: described

text: as

text: systematic

text: expositions

text: of

text: the

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: teachings

question: What means "three baskets"?

answer: Pāli Tipitaka

text: Pāli Tipitaka

question: What does the "three baskets" refer to?

answer: the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka

text: the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka

question: What contains disciplinary rules for Buddhist Monks and nuns?

answer: Vinaya Pitaka

text: Vinaya Pitaka

question: What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha?

answer: the Sutta Pitaka

text: the Sutta Pitaka

question: What contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha teachings?

answer: Abhidhamma Pitaka

text: Abhidhamma Pitaka


text: In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: In

text: Melbourne

text: resigned

text: after

text: Radicals

text: and

text: Tories

text: both

text: of

text: whom

text: Victoria

text: detested

text: voted

text: against

text: a

text: bill

text: to

text: suspend

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: The

text: bill

text: removed

text: political

text: power

text: from

text: plantation

text: owners

text: who

text: were

text: resisting

text: measures

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: slavery

text: The

text: Queen

text: commissioned

text: a

text: Tory

text: Sir

text: Robert

text: Peel

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: new

text: ministry

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: customary

text: for

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: to

text: appoint

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Household

text: who

text: were

text: usually

text: his

text: political

text: allies

text: and

text: their

text: spouses

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: ladies

text: of

text: the

text: bedchamber

text: were

text: wives

text: of

text: Whigs

text: and

text: Peel

text: expected

text: to

text: replace

text: them

text: with

text: wives

text: of

text: Tories

text: In

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: bedchamber

text: crisis

text: Victoria

text: advised

text: by

text: Melbourne

text: objected

text: to

text: their

text: removal

text: Peel

text: refused

text: to

text: govern

text: under

text: the

text: restrictions

text: imposed

text: by

text: the

text: Queen

text: and

text: consequently

text: resigned

text: his

text: commission

text: allowing

text: Melbourne

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: office

question: What did the Queen commission Sir Robert Peel to do?

answer: to form a new ministry

text: to form a new ministry

question: In what year did Melbourne resign?

answer: 1839

question: Which party was Sir Robert Peel a part of?

answer: Tory

text: Tory

question: What is the name of crisis where the wives of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs?

answer: bedchamber crisis

text: bedchamber crisis

question: What year did Melbourne resign?

answer: 1839

question: Who voted against the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica?

answer: Radicals and Tories

text: Radicals and Tories

question: Who did the Queen commission to form a new ministry?

answer: Sir Robert Peel

text: Sir Robert Peel

question: Who returned to office after Peel resigned?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what?

answer: the bedchamber crisis

text: the bedchamber crisis

question: Who resigned their position in 1839?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: Why did the Radicals and Tories oppose the bill about the constitution of Jamaica?

answer: The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.

text: The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.

question: What Tory did Victoria commision after Melbourne resigned his postion?

answer: Sir Robert Peel

text: Sir Robert Peel

question: After Queen Victoria refuse to replace her ladies with wives of Tories, what did Sir Robert Peel do?

answer: resigned his commission

text: resigned his commission

question: Who did Victoria reappoint to the position after the Bedchamber Crisis?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: What did the Radicals and Tories do that made Melbourne resign?

answer: voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica

text: voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica

question: Which group was resisting the abolisment of slavery and were subsequently removed from power when the bill was voted down?

answer: plantation owners

text: plantation owners

question: Who did Robert Peel want to replace the ladies of the bedchamber with, instead of wives of Whigs?

answer: wives of Tories

text: wives of Tories

question: Why did Peel resign his comission?

answer: Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen

text: Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen

question: Who returned to office after Peel resigned?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: What did the King commission Sir Robert Peel to do?

text: to form a new ministry

question: In what year did Melbourne get hired?

question: Which party wasn't Sir Robert Peel a part of?

text: Tory

question: What is the name of crisis where the husbands of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs?

text: bedchamber crisis

question: Who voted for the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica?

text: Radicals and Tories


text: In the United States, macabre-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with the top ten album School's Out (1972). In the following year blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album Tres Hombres and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début, as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit New York Dolls, demonstrating the diverse directions being pursued in the genre. Montrose, including the instrumental talent of Ronnie Montrose and vocals of Sammy Hagar and arguably the first all American hard rock band to challenge the British dominance of the genre, released their first album in 1973. Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and the look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona, achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album Alive! in 1975 and helping to take hard rock into the stadium rock era. In the mid-1970s Aerosmith achieved their commercial and artistic breakthrough with Toys in the Attic (1975), which reached number 11 in the American album chart, and Rocks (1976), which peaked at number three. Blue Öyster Cult, formed in the late 60s, picked up on some of the elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album On Your Feet or on Your Knees (1975), followed by their first platinum album, Agents of Fortune (1976), containing the hit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", which reached number 12 on the Billboard charts. Journey released their eponymous debut in 1975 and the next year Boston released their highly successful début album. In the same year, hard rock bands featuring women saw commercial success as Heart released Dreamboat Annie and The Runaways débuted with their self-titled album. While Heart had a more folk-oriented hard rock sound, the Runaways leaned more towards a mix of punk-influenced music and hard rock. The Amboy Dukes, having emerged from the Detroit garage rock scene and most famous for their Top 20 psychedelic hit "Journey to the Center of the Mind" (1968), were dissolved by their guitarist Ted Nugent, who embarked on a solo career that resulted in four successive multi-platinum albums between Ted Nugent (1975) and his best selling Double Live Gonzo (1978).

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: macabre

text: rock

text: pioneer

text: Alice

text: Cooper

text: achieved

text: mainstream

text: success

text: with

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: album

text: School

text: 's

text: Out

text: In

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: blues

text: rockers

text: ZZ

text: Top

text: released

text: their

text: classic

text: album

text: Tres

text: Hombres

text: and

text: Aerosmith

text: produced

text: their

text: eponymous

text: début

text: as

text: did

text: Southern

text: rockers

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: and

text: proto

text: punk

text: outfit

text: New

text: York

text: Dolls

text: demonstrating

text: the

text: diverse

text: directions

text: being

text: pursued

text: in

text: the

text: genre

text: Montrose

text: including

text: the

text: instrumental

text: talent

text: of

text: Ronnie

text: Montrose

text: and

text: vocals

text: of

text: Sammy

text: Hagar

text: and

text: arguably

text: the

text: first

text: all

text: American

text: hard

text: rock

text: band

text: to

text: challenge

text: the

text: British

text: dominance

text: of

text: the

text: genre

text: released

text: their

text: first

text: album

text: in

text: Kiss

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: theatrics

text: of

text: Alice

text: Cooper

text: and

text: the

text: look

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Dolls

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: unique

text: band

text: persona

text: achieving

text: their

text: commercial

text: breakthrough

text: with

text: the

text: double

text: live

text: album

text: Alive

text: in

text: and

text: helping

text: to

text: take

text: hard

text: rock

text: into

text: the

text: stadium

text: rock

text: era

text: In

text: the

text: Aerosmith

text: achieved

text: their

text: commercial

text: and

text: artistic

text: breakthrough

text: with

text: Toys

text: in

text: the

text: Attic

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: album

text: chart

text: and

text: Rocks

text: which

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: three

text: Blue

text: Öyster

text: Cult

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: picked

text: up

text: on

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: introduced

text: by

text: Black

text: Sabbath

text: with

text: their

text: breakthrough

text: live

text: gold

text: album

text: On

text: Your

text: Feet

text: or

text: on

text: Your

text: Knees

text: followed

text: by

text: their

text: first

text: platinum

text: album

text: Agents

text: of

text: Fortune

text: containing

text: the

text: hit

text: single

text: Do

text: n't

text: Fear

text: The

text: Reaper

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: charts

text: Journey

text: released

text: their

text: eponymous

text: debut

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: next

text: year

text: Boston

text: released

text: their

text: highly

text: successful

text: début

text: album

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: hard

text: rock

text: bands

text: featuring

text: women

text: saw

text: commercial

text: success

text: as

text: Heart

text: released

text: Dreamboat

text: Annie

text: and

text: The

text: Runaways

text: débuted

text: with

text: their

text: self

text: titled

text: album

text: While

text: Heart

text: had

text: a

text: more

text: folk

text: oriented

text: hard

text: rock

text: sound

text: the

text: Runaways

text: leaned

text: more

text: towards

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: punk

text: influenced

text: music

text: and

text: hard

text: rock

text: The

text: Amboy

text: Dukes

text: having

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: Detroit

text: garage

text: rock

text: scene

text: and

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: their

text: Top

text: psychedelic

text: hit

text: Journey

text: to

text: the

text: Center

text: of

text: the

text: Mind

text: were

text: dissolved

text: by

text: their

text: guitarist

text: Ted

text: Nugent

text: who

text: embarked

text: on

text: a

text: solo

text: career

text: that

text: resulted

text: in

text: four

text: successive

text: multi

text: platinum

text: albums

text: between

text: Ted

text: Nugent

text: and

text: his

text: best

text: selling

text: Double

text: Live

text: Gonzo

question: Who recorded the album School's Out?

answer: Alice Cooper

text: Alice Cooper

question: Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band?

answer: ZZ Top

text: ZZ Top

question: Who was the lead singer of Montrose?

answer: Sammy Hagar

text: Sammy Hagar

question: Kiss' double live album Alive! came out in what year?

answer: 1975

question: Who had a hit single with "(Don't Fear) The Reaper"?

answer: Blue Öyster Cult

text: Blue Öyster Cult

question: What British born singer achieved success with the album School's Out?

text: Alice Cooper

question: Who was the first British rock band to Challenge the American dominance of the hard rock genre?

text: Montrose

question: What band did Alice Cooper mimic?

text: Kiss

question: What year was Toys in the Attic by Blue Oyster Cult produced?

question: How high on the billboard charts did the song (Don't Fear) The Reaper by Journey reach?

text: number 12


text: One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: One

text: way

text: of

text: proving

text: that

text: a

text: given

text: disease

text: is

text: infectious

text: is

text: to

text: satisfy

text: Koch

text: 's

text: postulates

text: first

text: proposed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Koch

text: which

text: demands

text: that

text: the

text: infectious

text: agent

text: be

text: identified

text: only

text: in

text: patients

text: and

text: not

text: in

text: healthy

text: controls

text: and

text: that

text: patients

text: who

text: contract

text: the

text: agent

text: also

text: develop

text: the

text: disease

text: These

text: postulates

text: were

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: discovery

text: that

text: Mycobacteria

text: species

text: cause

text: tuberculosis

text: Koch

text: 's

text: postulates

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: applied

text: ethically

text: for

text: many

text: human

text: diseases

text: because

text: they

text: require

text: experimental

text: infection

text: of

text: a

text: healthy

text: individual

text: with

text: a

text: pathogen

text: produced

text: as

text: a

text: pure

text: culture

text: Often

text: even

text: clearly

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: do

text: not

text: meet

text: the

text: infectious

text: criteria

text: For

text: example

text: Treponema

text: pallidum

text: the

text: causative

text: spirochete

text: of

text: syphilis

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: cultured

text: in

text: vitro

text: however

text: the

text: organism

text: can

text: be

text: cultured

text: in

text: rabbit

text: testes

text: It

text: is

text: less

text: clear

text: that

text: a

text: pure

text: culture

text: comes

text: from

text: an

text: animal

text: source

text: serving

text: as

text: host

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: when

text: derived

text: from

text: microbes

text: derived

text: from

text: plate

text: culture

text: Epidemiology

text: is

text: another

text: important

text: tool

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: disease

text: in

text: a

text: population

text: For

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: it

text: helps

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: a

text: disease

text: outbreak

text: is

text: sporadic

text: occasional

text: occurrence

text: endemic

text: regular

text: cases

text: often

text: occurring

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: epidemic

text: an

text: unusually

text: high

text: number

text: of

text: cases

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: or

text: pandemic

text: a

text: global

text: epidemic

question: What is one way of proving that a given disease is infectious?

answer: satisfy Koch's postulates

text: satisfy Koch's postulates

question: What must an infectious agent only be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates?

answer: patients and not in healthy controls

text: patients and not in healthy controls

question: What is Koch's second postulate?

answer: patients who contract the agent also develop the disease

text: patients who contract the agent also develop the disease

question: Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases?

answer: because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual

text: because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual

question: What is the causative spirochete of syphilis?

answer: Treponema pallidum

text: Treponema pallidum

question: What is one way of proving that a given disease is safe?

text: satisfy Koch's postulates

question: What must an infectious agent not be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates?

text: patients and not in healthy controls

question: What is Koch's worst postulate?

question: Why can Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many reptile diseases?

question: What is no longer the causative spirochete of syphilis?

text: Treponema pallidum


text: In 2002, IBM acquired PwC consulting. In 2003 it initiated a project to redefine company values. Using its Jam technology, it hosted a three-day Internet-based online discussion of key business issues with 50,000 employees. Results were data mined with sophisticated text analysis software (eClassifier) for common themes. Three emerged, expressed as: "Dedication to every client's success", "Innovation that matters—for our company and for the world", and "Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships". Another three-day Jam took place in 2004, with 52,000 employees discussing ways to implement company values in practice.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: In

text: IBM

text: acquired

text: PwC

text: consulting

text: In

text: it

text: initiated

text: a

text: project

text: to

text: redefine

text: company

text: values

text: Using

text: its

text: Jam

text: technology

text: it

text: hosted

text: a

text: three

text: day

text: Internet

text: based

text: online

text: discussion

text: of

text: key

text: business

text: issues

text: with

text: employees

text: Results

text: were

text: data

text: mined

text: with

text: sophisticated

text: text

text: analysis

text: software

text: eClassifier

text: for

text: common

text: themes

text: Three

text: emerged

text: expressed

text: as

text: Dedication

text: to

text: every

text: client

text: 's

text: success

text: Innovation

text: that

text: matters

text: for

text: our

text: company

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: Trust

text: and

text: personal

text: responsibility

text: in

text: all

text: relationships

text: Another

text: three

text: day

text: Jam

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: with

text: employees

text: discussing

text: ways

text: to

text: implement

text: company

text: values

text: in

text: practice

question: One company that IBM acquired in 2002 is?

answer: PwC consulting

text: PwC consulting

question: In 2003 IBM hosted an online discussion with how many employees?

answer: 50,000 employees

text: 50,000 employees

question: What technology did IBM use for its 2003 internet-based discussion?

answer: Jam technology

text: Jam technology

question: What did IBM use to analyze the results from the online discussion?

answer: eClassifier

text: eClassifier

question: How many employees took part in the subsequent online discussion in 2004?

answer: 52,000 employees

text: 52,000 employees

question: What company did PwC consulting acquire in 2003?

text: IBM

question: What did employees introduce to change company values?

text: a project

question: How many employees worked at PwC consulting in 2002?

question: What did employees discuss at the  second Jam event put on by PwC consulting in 2002?

question: Where did the first discussion take place hosted by PwC consulting in 2002?

text: online


text: In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: In

text: December

text: Beyoncé

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: celebrities

text: teamed

text: up

text: and

text: produced

text: a

text: video

text: campaign

text: for

text: Demand

text: A

text: Plan

text: a

text: bipartisan

text: effort

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: US

text: mayors

text: and

text: others

text: designed

text: to

text: influence

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: into

text: rethinking

text: its

text: gun

text: control

text: laws

text: following

text: the

text: Sandy

text: Hook

text: Elementary

text: School

text: shooting

text: Beyoncé

text: became

text: an

text: ambassador

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: Humanitarian

text: Day

text: campaign

text: donating

text: her

text: song

text: I

text: Was

text: Here

text: and

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: shot

text: in

text: the

text: UN

text: to

text: the

text: campaign

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: Beyoncé

text: would

text: work

text: with

text: Salma

text: Hayek

text: and

text: Frida

text: Giannini

text: on

text: a

text: Gucci

text: Chime

text: for

text: Change

text: campaign

text: that

text: aims

text: to

text: spread

text: female

text: empowerment

text: The

text: campaign

text: which

text: aired

text: on

text: February

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: her

text: new

text: music

text: A

text: concert

text: for

text: the

text: cause

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: included

text: other

text: acts

text: like

text: Ellie

text: Goulding

text: Florence

text: and

text: the

text: Machine

text: and

text: Rita

text: Ora

text: In

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: concert

text: she

text: appeared

text: in

text: a

text: campaign

text: video

text: released

text: on

text: May

text: where

text: she

text: along

text: with

text: Cameron

text: Diaz

text: John

text: Legend

text: and

text: Kylie

text: Minogue

text: described

text: inspiration

text: from

text: their

text: mothers

text: while

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: artists

text: celebrated

text: personal

text: inspiration

text: from

text: other

text: women

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: call

text: for

text: submission

text: of

text: photos

text: of

text: women

text: of

text: viewers

text: inspiration

text: from

text: which

text: a

text: selection

text: was

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: concert

text: Beyoncé

text: said

text: about

text: her

text: mother

text: Tina

text: Knowles

text: that

text: her

text: gift

text: was

text: finding

text: the

text: best

text: qualities

text: in

text: every

text: human

text: being

text: With

text: help

text: of

text: the

text: crowdfunding

text: platform

text: Catapult

text: visitors

text: of

text: the

text: concert

text: could

text: choose

text: between

text: several

text: projects

text: promoting

text: education

text: of

text: women

text: and

text: girls

text: Beyoncé

text: is

text: also

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: Miss

text: a

text: Meal

text: a

text: food

text: donation

text: campaign

text: and

text: supporting

text: Goodwill

text: charity

text: through

text: online

text: charity

text: auctions

text: at

text: Charitybuzz

text: that

text: support

text: job

text: creation

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

question: Which national event caused Beyonce to produce "Demand a Plan?"

answer: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

text: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting

question: What song did Beyonce contribute to the campaign?

answer: I Was Here

text: I Was Here

question: Beyonce is contributing to which food-donation campaign?

answer: Miss a Meal

text: Miss a Meal

question: On June 1 , 2013 where was the concert held for "a Chime for Change"?

answer: London

text: London

question: Beyonce was speaking about whom when she said her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being."?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: The Demand a Plan video campaign followed what tragic event?

answer: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.

text: Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.

question: What was the focus of the Gucci Chime for Change campaign?

answer: spread female empowerment

text: spread female empowerment

question: What crowdfunding platform was used in the concert?

answer: Catapult

text: Catapult

question: What is the name of the campaign that Beyoncé and others are involved in that deals with gun control?

answer: Demand A Plan

text: Demand A Plan

question: What school shooting prompted the creation of Demand A Plan?

answer: Sandy Hook Elementary School

text: Sandy Hook Elementary School

question: What song did Beyoncé donate to the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign?

answer: I Was Here

text: I Was Here

question: Who did Beyoncé work with in 2013 on the Chime for Change campaign?

answer: Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini

text: Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini


text: In 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playing time per side. RCA Victor's early introduction of a long-play disc was a commercial failure for several reasons including the lack of affordable, reliable consumer playback equipment and consumer wariness during the Great Depression. Because of financial hardships that plagued the recording industry during that period (and RCA's own parched revenues), Victor's long-playing records were discontinued by early 1933.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: In

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: launched

text: the

text: first

text: commercially

text: available

text: vinyl

text: long

text: playing

text: record

text: marketed

text: as

text: program

text: transcription

text: discs

text: These

text: revolutionary

text: discs

text: were

text: designed

text: for

text: playback

text: at

text: rpm

text: and

text: pressed

text: on

text: a

text: cm

text: diameter

text: flexible

text: plastic

text: disc

text: with

text: a

text: duration

text: of

text: about

text: ten

text: minutes

text: playing

text: time

text: per

text: side

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: 's

text: early

text: introduction

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: play

text: disc

text: was

text: a

text: commercial

text: failure

text: for

text: several

text: reasons

text: including

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: affordable

text: reliable

text: consumer

text: playback

text: equipment

text: and

text: consumer

text: wariness

text: during

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: Because

text: of

text: financial

text: hardships

text: that

text: plagued

text: the

text: recording

text: industry

text: during

text: that

text: period

text: and

text: RCA

text: 's

text: own

text: parched

text: revenues

text: Victor

text: 's

text: long

text: playing

text: records

text: were

text: discontinued

text: by

text: early

question: What was the playing time of program-transcription discs?

answer: ten minutes playing time per side

text: ten minutes playing time per side

question: How successful was RCA Victor's program-transcription discs?

answer: commercial failure

text: commercial failure

question: When did RCA Victor release long play discs?

answer: 1931

question: Who released the first commercial long play discs?

answer: RCA Victor

text: RCA Victor

question: By when were long play records discontinued?

answer: early 1933

text: early 1933


text: Whitehead's idea of God differs from traditional monotheistic notions. Perhaps his most famous and pointed criticism of the Christian conception of God is that "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." Here Whitehead is criticizing Christianity for defining God as primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power. As opposed to the most widely accepted forms of Christianity, Whitehead emphasized an idea of God that he called "the brief Galilean vision of humility":

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: idea

text: of

text: God

text: differs

text: from

text: traditional

text: monotheistic

text: notions

text: Perhaps

text: his

text: most

text: famous

text: and

text: pointed

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: conception

text: of

text: God

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: Church

text: gave

text: unto

text: God

text: the

text: attributes

text: which

text: belonged

text: exclusively

text: to

text: Caesar

text: Here

text: Whitehead

text: is

text: criticizing

text: Christianity

text: for

text: defining

text: God

text: as

text: primarily

text: a

text: divine

text: king

text: who

text: imposes

text: his

text: will

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: whose

text: most

text: important

text: attribute

text: is

text: power

text: As

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: accepted

text: forms

text: of

text: Christianity

text: Whitehead

text: emphasized

text: an

text: idea

text: of

text: God

text: that

text: he

text: called

text: the

text: brief

text: Galilean

text: vision

text: of

text: humility

question: What is Whitehead's most well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?

answer: "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."

text: "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."

question: What qualities dis Whitehead state that Christians attributed to their version of God?

answer: primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power

text: primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power

question: What was Whitehead's description of God?

answer: "the brief Galilean vision of humility"

text: "the brief Galilean vision of humility"

question: What was Whitehead's description of The Devil?

text: the brief Galilean

question: What is Whitehead's least well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?

question: What qualities dis Whitehead not state that Christians attributed to their version of God?


text: All armies soon deployed AA guns often based on their smaller field pieces, notably the French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm, typically simply propped up on some sort of embankment to get the muzzle pointed skyward. The British Army adopted the 13-pounder quickly producing new mountings suitable for AA use, the 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III was issued in 1915. It remained in service throughout the war but 18-pdr guns were lined down to take the 13-pdr shell with a larger cartridge producing the 13-pr QF 9 cwt and these proved much more satisfactory. However, in general, these ad-hoc solutions proved largely useless. With little experience in the role, no means of measuring target, range, height or speed the difficulty of observing their shell bursts relative to the target gunners proved unable to get their fuse setting correct and most rounds burst well below their targets. The exception to this rule was the guns protecting spotting balloons, in which case the altitude could be accurately measured from the length of the cable holding the balloon.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: All

text: armies

text: soon

text: deployed

text: AA

text: guns

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: smaller

text: field

text: pieces

text: notably

text: the

text: French

text: mm

text: and

text: Russian

text: mm

text: typically

text: simply

text: propped

text: up

text: on

text: some

text: sort

text: of

text: embankment

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: muzzle

text: pointed

text: skyward

text: The

text: British

text: Army

text: adopted

text: the

text: quickly

text: producing

text: new

text: mountings

text: suitable

text: for

text: AA

text: use

text: the

text: QF

text: cwt

text: Mk

text: III

text: was

text: issued

text: in

text: It

text: remained

text: in

text: service

text: throughout

text: the

text: war

text: but

text: guns

text: were

text: lined

text: down

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: shell

text: with

text: a

text: larger

text: cartridge

text: producing

text: the

text: QF

text: cwt

text: and

text: these

text: proved

text: much

text: more

text: satisfactory

text: However

text: in

text: general

text: these

text: ad

text: hoc

text: solutions

text: proved

text: largely

text: useless

text: With

text: little

text: experience

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: no

text: means

text: of

text: measuring

text: target

text: range

text: height

text: or

text: speed

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: observing

text: their

text: shell

text: bursts

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: target

text: gunners

text: proved

text: unable

text: to

text: get

text: their

text: fuse

text: setting

text: correct

text: and

text: most

text: rounds

text: burst

text: well

text: below

text: their

text: targets

text: The

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: was

text: the

text: guns

text: protecting

text: spotting

text: balloons

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: the

text: altitude

text: could

text: be

text: accurately

text: measured

text: from

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: cable

text: holding

text: the

text: balloon

question: What two guns were propped up against a hillside to get the muzzles pointed up?

answer: French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm

text: French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm

question: What anti-aircraft gun did the British Army begin to use?

answer: 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III

text: 13-pdr QF 6 cwt Mk III

question: What gun size was relined to take 13-pounder shells?

answer: 18-pdr guns

text: 18-pdr guns

question: What was difficult to get set right on the new guns?

answer: get their fuse setting correct

text: get their fuse setting correct

question: Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode?

answer: well below their targets

text: well below their targets


text: The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and "reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races" while giving the "appearance of gentility, piety, and morality". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: The

text: novel

text: exposes

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: innocence

text: so

text: frequently

text: that

text: reviewer

text: R.

text: A.

text: Dave

text: claims

text: that

text: because

text: every

text: character

text: has

text: to

text: face

text: or

text: even

text: suffer

text: defeat

text: the

text: book

text: takes

text: on

text: elements

text: of

text: a

text: classical

text: tragedy

text: In

text: exploring

text: how

text: each

text: character

text: deals

text: with

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: own

text: personal

text: defeat

text: Lee

text: builds

text: a

text: framework

text: to

text: judge

text: whether

text: the

text: characters

text: are

text: heroes

text: or

text: fools

text: She

text: guides

text: the

text: reader

text: in

text: such

text: judgments

text: alternating

text: between

text: unabashed

text: adoration

text: and

text: biting

text: irony

text: Scout

text: 's

text: experience

text: with

text: the

text: Missionary

text: Society

text: is

text: an

text: ironic

text: juxtaposition

text: of

text: women

text: who

text: mock

text: her

text: gossip

text: and

text: reflect

text: a

text: smug

text: colonialist

text: attitude

text: toward

text: other

text: races

text: while

text: giving

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: gentility

text: piety

text: and

text: morality

text: Conversely

text: when

text: Atticus

text: loses

text: Tom

text: 's

text: case

text: he

text: is

text: last

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: courtroom

text: except

text: for

text: his

text: children

text: and

text: the

text: black

text: spectators

text: in

text: the

text: colored

text: balcony

text: who

text: rise

text: silently

text: as

text: he

text: walks

text: underneath

text: them

text: to

text: honor

text: his

text: efforts

question: Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how?

answer: classical tragedy

text: classical tragedy


text: The US Air Force Fitness Test (AFFT) is designed to test the abdominal circumference, muscular strength/endurance and cardiovascular respiratory fitness of airmen in the USAF. As part of the Fit to Fight program, the USAF adopted a more stringent physical fitness assessment; the new fitness program was put into effect on 1 June 2010. The annual ergo-cycle test which the USAF had used for several years had been replaced in 2004. In the AFFT, Airmen are given a score based on performance consisting of four components: waist circumference, the sit-up, the push-up, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Airmen can potentially earn a score of 100, with the run counting as 60%, waist circumference as 20%, and both strength test counting as 10% each. A passing score is 75 points. Effective 1 July 2010, the AFFT is administered by the base Fitness Assessment Cell (FAC), and is required twice a year. Personnel may test once a year if he or she earns a score above a 90%. Additionally, only meeting the minimum standards on each one of these tests will not get you a passing score of 75%, and failing any one component will result in a failure for the entire test.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: US

text: Air

text: Force

text: Fitness

text: Test

text: AFFT

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: test

text: the

text: abdominal

text: circumference

text: muscular

text: strength

text: endurance

text: and

text: cardiovascular

text: respiratory

text: fitness

text: of

text: airmen

text: in

text: the

text: USAF

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Fit

text: to

text: Fight

text: program

text: the

text: USAF

text: adopted

text: a

text: more

text: stringent

text: physical

text: fitness

text: assessment

text: the

text: new

text: fitness

text: program

text: was

text: put

text: into

text: effect

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: annual

text: ergo

text: cycle

text: test

text: which

text: the

text: USAF

text: had

text: used

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: had

text: been

text: replaced

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: AFFT

text: Airmen

text: are

text: given

text: a

text: score

text: based

text: on

text: performance

text: consisting

text: of

text: four

text: components

text: waist

text: circumference

text: the

text: sit

text: up

text: the

text: push

text: up

text: and

text: a

text: km

text: run

text: Airmen

text: can

text: potentially

text: earn

text: a

text: score

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: run

text: counting

text: as

text: waist

text: circumference

text: as

text: and

text: both

text: strength

text: test

text: counting

text: as

text: each

text: A

text: passing

text: score

text: is

text: points

text: Effective

text: July

text: the

text: AFFT

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: base

text: Fitness

text: Assessment

text: Cell

text: FAC

text: and

text: is

text: required

text: twice

text: a

text: year

text: Personnel

text: may

text: test

text: once

text: a

text: year

text: if

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: earns

text: a

text: score

text: above

text: a

text: Additionally

text: only

text: meeting

text: the

text: minimum

text: standards

text: on

text: each

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: tests

text: will

text: not

text: get

text: you

text: a

text: passing

text: score

text: of

text: and

text: failing

text: any

text: one

text: component

text: will

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: failure

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: test

question: What test is designed to test the fitness of airmen in the USAF?

answer: US Air Force Fitness Test

text: US Air Force Fitness Test

question: What is the more strict program that the USAF adopted in 2010 called?

answer: Fit to Fight program

text: Fit to Fight program

question: How long is the run that the USAF airmen are tested on for the fitness program?

answer: 1.5-mile

question: What is a passing score on the US Air Force Fitness Test?

answer: 75 points

text: 75 points

question: What score must an airman get on the US Air Force Fitness test to be able to opt out of one of the mandatory twice a year retests?

answer: 90%


text: In an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term "race" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed characteristics) of individuals whom they are attempting to apprehend. From the perspective of law enforcement officers, it is generally more important to arrive at a description that will readily suggest the general appearance of an individual than to make a scientifically valid categorization by DNA or other such means. Thus, in addition to assigning a wanted individual to a racial category, such a description will include: height, weight, eye color, scars and other distinguishing characteristics.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: provide

text: general

text: descriptions

text: that

text: may

text: facilitate

text: the

text: job

text: of

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: seeking

text: to

text: apprehend

text: suspects

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: FBI

text: employs

text: the

text: term

text: race

text: to

text: summarize

text: the

text: general

text: appearance

text: skin

text: color

text: hair

text: texture

text: eye

text: shape

text: and

text: other

text: such

text: easily

text: noticed

text: characteristics

text: of

text: individuals

text: whom

text: they

text: are

text: attempting

text: to

text: apprehend

text: From

text: the

text: perspective

text: of

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: more

text: important

text: to

text: arrive

text: at

text: a

text: description

text: that

text: will

text: readily

text: suggest

text: the

text: general

text: appearance

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: than

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: scientifically

text: valid

text: categorization

text: by

text: DNA

text: or

text: other

text: such

text: means

text: Thus

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: assigning

text: a

text: wanted

text: individual

text: to

text: a

text: racial

text: category

text: such

text: a

text: description

text: will

text: include

text: height

text: weight

text: eye

text: color

text: scars

text: and

text: other

text: distinguishing

text: characteristics

question: What does the FBI feel providing general descriptions helps to facilitate?

answer: job of law enforcement officers

text: job of law enforcement officers

question: What does the FBI employ the term race to summarize?

answer: general appearance

text: general appearance

question: What does law enforcement feel appearance characteristics of individuals help them do to those individuals?

answer: apprehend

text: apprehend

question: What is more important for law enforcement in categorizing instead of DNA?

answer: arrive at a description

text: arrive at a description

question: What does a description of a wanted individual include beyond their racial category?

answer: height, weight, eye color, scars and other distinguishing characteristics.

text: height, weight, eye color, scars and other distinguishing characteristics.


text: Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by AllMusic as "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond". However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Mainstream

text: AC

text: itself

text: has

text: evolved

text: in

text: a

text: similar

text: fashion

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: traditional

text: AC

text: artists

text: like

text: Barbra

text: Streisand

text: the

text: Carpenters

text: Dionne

text: Warwick

text: Barry

text: Manilow

text: John

text: Denver

text: and

text: Olivia

text: Newton

text: John

text: found

text: it

text: harder

text: to

text: have

text: major

text: Top

text: hits

text: as

text: the

text: wore

text: on

text: and

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: MTV

text: artists

text: who

text: were

text: staples

text: of

text: the

text: Contemporary

text: Hit

text: Radio

text: format

text: such

text: as

text: Richard

text: Marx

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: Bonnie

text: Tyler

text: George

text: Michael

text: Phil

text: Collins

text: and

text: Laura

text: Branigan

text: began

text: crossing

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: AC

text: charts

text: with

text: greater

text: frequency

text: Collins

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: by

text: AllMusic

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: pop

text: and

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: singers

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: beyond

text: However

text: with

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: MTV

text: and

text: AC

text: radio

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: appeared

text: harder

text: to

text: define

text: as

text: a

text: genre

text: with

text: established

text: soft

text: rock

text: artists

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: still

text: charting

text: pop

text: hits

text: and

text: receiving

text: airplay

text: alongside

text: mainstream

text: radio

text: fare

text: from

text: newer

text: artists

text: at

text: the

text: time

question: Along with Richard Marx, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan, what artist was also frequently played on Contemporary Hit Radio stations?

answer: Michael Jackson

text: Michael Jackson

question: What television station was responsible for the increasing success of Contemporary Hit Radio artists on the AC charts?

answer: MTV

text: MTV

question: Along with Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow and Olivia Newton-John, what adult contemporary staple found it more difficult to score chart hits in the 1980s?

answer: John Denver

text: John Denver

question: Who did Allmusic refer to as "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond"?

answer: Phil Collins

text: Phil Collins


text: Floodlights can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones during nighttime hours. The most common type of floodlights are metal halide and high pressure sodium lights.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Floodlights

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: illuminate

text: outdoor

text: playing

text: fields

text: or

text: work

text: zones

text: during

text: nighttime

text: hours

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: type

text: of

text: floodlights

text: are

text: metal

text: halide

text: and

text: high

text: pressure

text: sodium

text: lights

question: What kind of light is used to illuminate outdoor playing fields at night?

answer: Floodlights

text: Floodlights


text: There are traditions long associated with football games. Students growl like wildcats when the opposing team controls the ball, while simulating a paw with their hands. They will also jingle keys at the beginning of each kickoff. In the past, before the tradition was discontinued, students would throw marshmallows during games. The Clock Tower at the Rebecca Crown Center glows purple, instead of its usual white, after a winning game, thereby proclaiming the happy news. The Clock Tower remains purple until a loss or until the end of the sports season. Whereas formerly the Clock Tower was lighted only for football victories, wins for men's basketball and women's lacrosse now merit commemoration as well; important victories in other sports may also prompt an empurpling.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: There

text: are

text: traditions

text: long

text: associated

text: with

text: football

text: games

text: Students

text: growl

text: like

text: wildcats

text: when

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: controls

text: the

text: ball

text: while

text: simulating

text: a

text: paw

text: with

text: their

text: hands

text: They

text: will

text: also

text: jingle

text: keys

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: each

text: kickoff

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: before

text: the

text: tradition

text: was

text: discontinued

text: students

text: would

text: throw

text: marshmallows

text: during

text: games

text: The

text: Clock

text: Tower

text: at

text: the

text: Rebecca

text: Crown

text: Center

text: glows

text: purple

text: instead

text: of

text: its

text: usual

text: white

text: after

text: a

text: winning

text: game

text: thereby

text: proclaiming

text: the

text: happy

text: news

text: The

text: Clock

text: Tower

text: remains

text: purple

text: until

text: a

text: loss

text: or

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: sports

text: season

text: Whereas

text: formerly

text: the

text: Clock

text: Tower

text: was

text: lighted

text: only

text: for

text: football

text: victories

text: wins

text: for

text: men

text: 's

text: basketball

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: lacrosse

text: now

text: merit

text: commemoration

text: as

text: well

text: important

text: victories

text: in

text: other

text: sports

text: may

text: also

text: prompt

text: an

text: empurpling

question: What do students traditionally do at the beginning of each football game kickoff?

answer: jingle keys

text: jingle keys

question: What football game tradition has since been discontinued?

answer: students would throw marshmallows during games

text: students would throw marshmallows during games

question: What color does the Clock Tower glow after a winning football game?

answer: purple

text: purple

question: What noise do students make when the opposing team has control of the football?

answer: growl

text: growl

question: How long does the Clock Tower remain purple after a winning game?

answer: until a loss or until the end of the sports season

text: until a loss or until the end of the sports season

question: What do students traditionally do at the beginning of each soccer game kickoff?

text: jingle keys

question: What soccer game tradition has since been discontinued?

question: What color does the Clock Tower glow after a winning soccer game?

text: purple

question: What noise do students make when the opposing team has control of the soccer?

text: growl

question: How long does the Clock Tower remain white after a winning game?


text: In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age. The following year, IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors; and in 1963, the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements.

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: In

text: Thomas

text: J.

text: Watson

text: Jr.

text: published

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: first

text: written

text: equal

text: opportunity

text: policy

text: letter

text: one

text: year

text: before

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: decision

text: in

text: Brown

text: vs.

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: and

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: In

text: IBM

text: 's

text: nondiscrimination

text: policy

text: was

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: sex

text: national

text: origin

text: and

text: age

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: IBM

text: hosted

text: its

text: first

text: Invention

text: Award

text: Dinner

text: honoring

text: outstanding

text: IBM

text: inventors

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: named

text: the

text: first

text: eight

text: IBM

text: Fellows

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: Fellowship

text: Program

text: that

text: recognizes

text: senior

text: IBM

text: scientists

text: engineers

text: and

text: other

text: professionals

text: for

text: outstanding

text: technical

text: achievements

question: Who published IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter?

answer: Thomas J. Watson, Jr

text: Thomas J. Watson, Jr

question: In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published?

answer: 1952

question: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?

answer: sex, national origin, and age

text: sex, national origin, and age

question: How many inventors were honored at IBM's first Invention Award Dinner?

answer: 34

question: Starting in 1963 IBM started a program by naming 8 of these.

answer: IBM Fellows

text: IBM Fellows

question: What was published by the Board of Education in 1952?

question: What did the judgement in Brown vs. Board of Education cause to be added to IBM hiring policy in 1952?

question: How many people were involved in the Brown vs. Board of Education case?

question: What act was adopted in 1952?

text: Civil Rights Act

question: What was hosted by the Board of Education for the first time in 1962?

text: Invention Award Dinner


text: His opponents learned from Napoleon's innovations. The increased importance of artillery after 1807 stemmed from his creation of a highly mobile artillery force, the growth in artillery numbers, and changes in artillery practices. As a result of these factors, Napoleon, rather than relying on infantry to wear away the enemy's defenses, now could use massed artillery as a spearhead to pound a break in the enemy's line that was then exploited by supporting infantry and cavalry. McConachy rejects the alternative theory that growing reliance on artillery by the French army beginning in 1807 was an outgrowth of the declining quality of the French infantry and, later, France's inferiority in cavalry numbers. Weapons and other kinds of military technology remained largely static through the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, but 18th-century operational mobility underwent significant change.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: His

text: opponents

text: learned

text: from

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: innovations

text: The

text: increased

text: importance

text: of

text: artillery

text: after

text: stemmed

text: from

text: his

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: highly

text: mobile

text: artillery

text: force

text: the

text: growth

text: in

text: artillery

text: numbers

text: and

text: changes

text: in

text: artillery

text: practices

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: these

text: factors

text: Napoleon

text: rather

text: than

text: relying

text: on

text: infantry

text: to

text: wear

text: away

text: the

text: enemy

text: 's

text: defenses

text: now

text: could

text: use

text: massed

text: artillery

text: as

text: a

text: spearhead

text: to

text: pound

text: a

text: break

text: in

text: the

text: enemy

text: 's

text: line

text: that

text: was

text: then

text: exploited

text: by

text: supporting

text: infantry

text: and

text: cavalry

text: McConachy

text: rejects

text: the

text: alternative

text: theory

text: that

text: growing

text: reliance

text: on

text: artillery

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: beginning

text: in

text: was

text: an

text: outgrowth

text: of

text: the

text: declining

text: quality

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: infantry

text: and

text: later

text: France

text: 's

text: inferiority

text: in

text: cavalry

text: numbers

text: Weapons

text: and

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: military

text: technology

text: remained

text: largely

text: static

text: through

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: and

text: Napoleonic

text: eras

text: but

text: century

text: operational

text: mobility

text: underwent

text: significant

text: change

question: Who learned from Napoleon's innovations?

answer: His opponents

text: His opponents

question: Napoleon's use of artillery led to its increased importance after what year?

answer: 1807

question: What did Napoleon use as the initial means of breaking down enemy defenses, rather than the traditional reliance on infantry?

answer: artillery

text: artillery

question: Who rejects the theory that the increased use of artillery by the French was due to declining quality of infantry and numbers of cavalry?

answer: McConachy

text: McConachy


text: While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: While

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: far

text: enough

text: from

text: the

text: coast

text: to

text: avoid

text: any

text: direct

text: impact

text: from

text: a

text: hurricane

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: makes

text: it

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: impacted

text: from

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: tropical

text: cyclones

text: which

text: weaken

text: over

text: land

text: and

text: can

text: cause

text: significant

text: rainfall

text: such

text: as

text: Tropical

text: Storm

text: Chris

text: in

text: and

text: Hurricane

text: Opal

text: in

text: The

text: state

text: averages

text: around

text: days

text: of

text: thunderstorms

text: per

text: year

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: severe

text: with

text: large

text: hail

text: and

text: damaging

text: winds

text: Tornadoes

text: are

text: possible

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: with

text: West

text: and

text: Middle

text: Tennessee

text: the

text: most

text: vulnerable

text: Occasionally

text: strong

text: or

text: violent

text: tornadoes

text: occur

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: devastating

text: April

text: tornadoes

text: that

text: killed

text: people

text: in

text: North

text: Georgia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Tennessee

text: On

text: average

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: tornadoes

text: per

text: year

text: Tornadoes

text: in

text: Tennessee

text: can

text: be

text: severe

text: and

text: Tennessee

text: leads

text: the

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: total

text: tornadoes

text: which

text: have

text: fatalities

text: Winter

text: storms

text: are

text: an

text: occasional

text: problem

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: infamous

text: Blizzard

text: of

text: although

text: ice

text: storms

text: are

text: a

text: more

text: likely

text: occurrence

text: Fog

text: is

text: a

text: persistent

text: problem

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: especially

text: in

text: East

text: Tennessee

question: Which hurricane brought damaging rains to Tennessee in 1995?

answer: Hurricane Opal

text: Hurricane Opal

question: On average, how many days each year are there thunderstorms in Tennessee?

answer: 50

question: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?

answer: West and Middle Tennessee

text: West and Middle Tennessee

question: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?

answer: 15

question: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?

answer: 1993


text: During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease that occurred during these years. Vaccine development continued to accelerate, with the most notable achievement of the period being Jonas Salk's 1954 development of the polio vaccine under the funding of the non-profit National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. The vaccine process was never patented, but was instead given to pharmaceutical companies to manufacture as a low-cost generic. In 1960 Maurice Hilleman of Merck Sharp & Dohme identified the SV40 virus, which was later shown to cause tumors in many mammalian species. It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90% of the children in the United States. The contamination appears to have originated both in the original cell stock and in monkey tissue used for production. In 2004 the United States Cancer Institute announced that it had concluded that SV40 is not associated with cancer in people.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: During

text: the

text: years

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: death

text: rate

text: accelerated

text: from

text: per

text: year

text: to

text: per

text: year

text: then

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: historical

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: year

text: The

text: dramatic

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: post

text: war

text: years

text: has

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: rapid

text: development

text: of

text: new

text: treatments

text: and

text: vaccines

text: for

text: infectious

text: disease

text: that

text: occurred

text: during

text: these

text: years

text: Vaccine

text: development

text: continued

text: to

text: accelerate

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: achievement

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: being

text: Jonas

text: Salk

text: 's

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: polio

text: vaccine

text: under

text: the

text: funding

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: profit

text: National

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Infantile

text: Paralysis

text: The

text: vaccine

text: process

text: was

text: never

text: patented

text: but

text: was

text: instead

text: given

text: to

text: pharmaceutical

text: companies

text: to

text: manufacture

text: as

text: a

text: low

text: cost

text: generic

text: In

text: Maurice

text: Hilleman

text: of

text: Merck

text: Sharp

text: Dohme

text: identified

text: the

text: virus

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: shown

text: to

text: cause

text: tumors

text: in

text: many

text: mammalian

text: species

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: determined

text: that

text: was

text: present

text: as

text: a

text: contaminant

text: in

text: polio

text: vaccine

text: lots

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: administered

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: contamination

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: originated

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: cell

text: stock

text: and

text: in

text: monkey

text: tissue

text: used

text: for

text: production

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Cancer

text: Institute

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: concluded

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: associated

text: with

text: cancer

text: in

text: people

question: When was the Polio vaccine created?

answer: 1954

question: Who identified the SV40 virus?

answer: Maurice Hilleman

text: Maurice Hilleman

question: What was a complication of the SV40 virus?

answer: cause tumors

text: cause tumors

question: Who funded the Polio vaccine?

answer: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis

text: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis

question: Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?

answer: United States Cancer Institute

text: United States Cancer Institute

question: In what year was the polio vaccine created?

answer: 1954

question: Who created the polio vaccine?

answer: Jonas Salk

text: Jonas Salk

question: What virus caused tumors in most mammals?

answer: SV40

question: Who identified the SV40 virus?

answer: Maurice Hilleman

text: Maurice Hilleman

question: SV40 was present in what vaccine?

answer: polio

text: polio

question: When was the Paralysis vaccine created?

question: Who identified the SV50 virus?

text: Maurice Hilleman

question: What was a complication of the SV50 virus?

text: cause tumors

question: Who funded the Paralysis vaccine?

question: Who announced that SV50 was not associated with cancer?

text: United States Cancer Institute


text: After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from the brewery). Another very common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether freehold or leasehold) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: After

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: London

text: Porter

text: breweries

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: trend

text: grew

text: for

text: pubs

text: to

text: become

text: tied

text: houses

text: which

text: could

text: only

text: sell

text: beer

text: from

text: one

text: brewery

text: a

text: pub

text: not

text: tied

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: was

text: called

text: a

text: Free

text: house

text: The

text: usual

text: arrangement

text: for

text: a

text: tied

text: house

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: pub

text: was

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: brewery

text: but

text: rented

text: out

text: to

text: a

text: private

text: individual

text: landlord

text: who

text: ran

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: business

text: even

text: though

text: contracted

text: to

text: buy

text: the

text: beer

text: from

text: the

text: brewery

text: Another

text: very

text: common

text: arrangement

text: was

text: and

text: is

text: for

text: the

text: landlord

text: to

text: own

text: the

text: premises

text: whether

text: freehold

text: or

text: leasehold

text: independently

text: of

text: the

text: brewer

text: but

text: then

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: mortgage

text: loan

text: from

text: a

text: brewery

text: either

text: to

text: finance

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: the

text: pub

text: initially

text: or

text: to

text: refurbish

text: it

text: and

text: be

text: required

text: as

text: a

text: term

text: of

text: the

text: loan

text: to

text: observe

text: the

text: solus

text: tie

question: What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery?

answer: a Free house

text: a Free house

question: In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from only one brewery?

answer: 18th

question: What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery?

answer: landlord

text: landlord