text: The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1814. Since then, the international balance of power has shifted numerous times, most dramatically during World War I and World War II. While some nations are widely considered to be great powers, there is no definitive list of them. In literature, alternative terms for great power are often world power or major power, but these terms can also be interchangeable with superpower.

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: The

text: term

text: great

text: power

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: powers

text: in

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: post

text: Napoleonic

text: era

text: The

text: Great

text: Powers

text: constituted

text: the

text: Concert

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: claimed

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: joint

text: enforcement

text: of

text: the

text: postwar

text: treaties

text: The

text: formalization

text: of

text: the

text: division

text: between

text: small

text: powers

text: and

text: great

text: powers

text: came

text: about

text: with

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Chaumont

text: in

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: international

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: has

text: shifted

text: numerous

text: times

text: most

text: dramatically

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: While

text: some

text: nations

text: are

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: great

text: powers

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: definitive

text: list

text: of

text: them

text: In

text: literature

text: alternative

text: terms

text: for

text: great

text: power

text: are

text: often

text: world

text: power

text: or

text: major

text: power

text: but

text: these

text: terms

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: interchangeable

text: with

text: superpower

question: What was the formalization of the division of small powers and great powers?

answer: Treaty of Chaumont

text: Treaty of Chaumont

question: During the post Napoleonic era where were the first Great Powers concentrated?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: During what 2 wars was the balance of power shift most dramatic?

answer: World War I and World War II

text: World War I and World War II

question: What is another term for Great Power?

answer: superpower

text: superpower

question: Why was the term formalization and division first used?

question: Which international balance of power formally created the division between small and great powers?

text: Treaty of Chaumont

question: In what year was the definitive list of powers signed?

question: For which post Napoleonic era has the balance of power shifted dramatically?

text: World War I and World War II

question: What is another term used in place of international balance of power?

text: superpower


text: Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of Estonian veterans of the German and Finnish armies and some civilians. This conflict continued into the early 1950s. Material damage caused by the world war and the following Soviet era significantly slowed Estonia's economic growth, resulting in a wide wealth gap in comparison with neighbouring Finland and Sweden.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Half

text: the

text: deported

text: perished

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: half

text: were

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: after

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: death).[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: activities

text: of

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: in

text: and

text: after

text: reoccupation

text: sparked

text: a

text: guerrilla

text: war

text: against

text: Soviet

text: authorities

text: in

text: Estonia

text: by

text: the

text: Forest

text: Brothers

text: who

text: consisted

text: mostly

text: of

text: Estonian

text: veterans

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: and

text: Finnish

text: armies

text: and

text: some

text: civilians

text: This

text: conflict

text: continued

text: into

text: the

text: early

text: Material

text: damage

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: world

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: Soviet

text: era

text: significantly

text: slowed

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: economic

text: growth

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: wealth

text: gap

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: neighbouring

text: Finland

text: and

text: Sweden

question: What percentage of Estonians died after deporation?

answer: Half the deported perished

text: Half the deported perished

question: When were the deported Estonians allowed to return?

answer: the early 1960s

text: the early 1960s

question: What event led to the return of Estonians back home?

answer: Stalin's death

text: Stalin's death

question: Who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviets?

answer: the Forest Brothers

text: the Forest Brothers


text: Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writes the historian Frank Lambert in his book The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America. "New Light evangelicals such as Isaac Bachus and John Leland joined forces with Deists and skeptics such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson to fight for a complete separation of church and state."

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Steven

text: Waldman

text: notes

text: that

text: The

text: evangelicals

text: provided

text: the

text: political

text: muscle

text: for

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: Madison

text: and

text: Jefferson

text: not

text: merely

text: because

text: they

text: wanted

text: to

text: block

text: official

text: churches

text: but

text: because

text: they

text: wanted

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: spiritual

text: and

text: secular

text: worlds

text: apart

text: Religious

text: freedom

text: resulted

text: from

text: an

text: alliance

text: of

text: unlikely

text: partners

text: writes

text: the

text: historian

text: Frank

text: Lambert

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Founding

text: Fathers

text: and

text: the

text: Place

text: of

text: Religion

text: in

text: America

text: New

text: Light

text: evangelicals

text: such

text: as

text: Isaac

text: Bachus

text: and

text: John

text: Leland

text: joined

text: forces

text: with

text: Deists

text: and

text: skeptics

text: such

text: as

text: James

text: Madison

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: to

text: fight

text: for

text: a

text: complete

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

question: What did evangelicals want to keep apart?

answer: the spiritual and secular worlds

text: the spiritual and secular worlds

question: What did religious freedom result from?

answer: an alliance of unlikely partners

text: an alliance of unlikely partners

question: What profession does Frank Lambert have?

answer: historian

text: historian

question: What is the name of Lambert's book?

answer: The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America

text: The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America

question: What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight for?

answer: a complete separation of church and state

text: a complete separation of church and state

question: What didn't evangelicals want to keep apart?

text: spiritual and secular worlds

question: What didn't religious freedom result from?

text: an alliance of unlikely partners

question: What profession doesn't Frank Lambert have?

text: historian

question: What is the name of Mambert's book?

question: What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight against?


text: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna. The Everglades, an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: Extended

text: systems

text: of

text: underwater

text: caves

text: sinkholes

text: and

text: springs

text: are

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: supply

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: used

text: by

text: residents

text: The

text: limestone

text: is

text: topped

text: with

text: sandy

text: soils

text: deposited

text: as

text: ancient

text: beaches

text: over

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: as

text: global

text: sea

text: levels

text: rose

text: and

text: fell

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: glacial

text: period

text: lower

text: sea

text: levels

text: and

text: a

text: drier

text: climate

text: revealed

text: a

text: much

text: wider

text: peninsula

text: largely

text: savanna

text: The

text: Everglades

text: an

text: enormously

text: wide

text: slow

text: flowing

text: river

text: encompasses

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: Sinkhole

text: damage

text: claims

text: on

text: property

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: exceeded

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: billion

text: from

text: through

question: What is found in Florida

answer: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs

text: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs

question: What did the last glacial period provide

answer: lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna.

text: lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna.

question: What are the Everglades

answer: an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula

text: an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula

question: How much sink hole damage did Florida suffer recently

answer: Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010

text: Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010

question: What kind of caves are rare in Florida?

text: underwater

question: What body of water is uncommon in Florida?

text: springs

question: What type of stone is hard to find in Florida?

text: limestone

question: What is the river through the Northern area of Florida?

text: The Everglades

question: What damage amounted to $2 billion from 2016-2018?

text: Sinkhole


text: English is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe. As a primary language, however, English has only a small presence in Southern Europe, only in Gibraltar (alongside Spanish) and Malta (secondary to Maltese).

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: English

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: second

text: language

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: As

text: a

text: primary

text: language

text: however

text: English

text: has

text: only

text: a

text: small

text: presence

text: in

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: only

text: in

text: Gibraltar

text: alongside

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Malta

text: secondary

text: to

text: Maltese

question: What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe?

answer: English

text: English

question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta?

answer: Maltese

text: Maltese

question: What language is considered a defacto first langauge in Mediterranean Europe?

text: English

question: What language is the third most common in Malta?

text: Spanish

question: What language is the most common in Southern Europe?

text: English

question: What language is the third most common in Gibraltar?

text: Maltese

question: Where does English have a large presence as a primary language?

text: Southern Europe


text: In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm; for very long transcripts, translation may begin at the 5' end of the RNA while the 3' end is still being transcribed. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, where the cell's DNA is stored. The RNA molecule produced by the polymerase is known as the primary transcript and undergoes post-transcriptional modifications before being exported to the cytoplasm for translation. One of the modifications performed is the splicing of introns which are sequences in the transcribed region that do not encode protein. Alternative splicing mechanisms can result in mature transcripts from the same gene having different sequences and thus coding for different proteins. This is a major form of regulation in eukaryotic cells and also occurs in some prokaryotes.:7.5

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: In

text: prokaryotes

text: transcription

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: for

text: very

text: long

text: transcripts

text: translation

text: may

text: begin

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: RNA

text: while

text: the

text: end

text: is

text: still

text: being

text: transcribed

text: In

text: eukaryotes

text: transcription

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: nucleus

text: where

text: the

text: cell

text: 's

text: DNA

text: is

text: stored

text: The

text: RNA

text: molecule

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: polymerase

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: transcript

text: and

text: undergoes

text: post

text: transcriptional

text: modifications

text: before

text: being

text: exported

text: to

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: for

text: translation

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: modifications

text: performed

text: is

text: the

text: splicing

text: of

text: introns

text: which

text: are

text: sequences

text: in

text: the

text: transcribed

text: region

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: encode

text: protein

text: Alternative

text: splicing

text: mechanisms

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: mature

text: transcripts

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: gene

text: having

text: different

text: sequences

text: and

text: thus

text: coding

text: for

text: different

text: proteins

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: regulation

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: and

text: also

text: occurs

text: in

text: some

question: Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes?

answer: in the cytoplasm

text: in the cytoplasm

question: If the transcription is very long, where on the RNA may translation begin?

answer: at the 5' end of the RNA

text: at the 5' end of the RNA

question: Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?

answer: transcription occurs in the nucleus

text: transcription occurs in the nucleus

question: Where does a eukaryote store the cell's DNA?

answer: in the nucleus

text: in the nucleus

question: What is the RNA molecule produced by the polymerase known as?

answer: the primary transcript

text: the primary transcript


text: The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland's economy as the most competitive in the world, while ranked by the European Union as Europe's most innovative country. For much of the 20th century, Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin (by GDP – per capita). In 2007 the gross median household income in Switzerland was an estimated 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity while the median income was 95,824 USD. Switzerland also has one of the world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: World

text: Economic

text: Forum

text: 's

text: Global

text: Competitiveness

text: Report

text: currently

text: ranks

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: economy

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: competitive

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: ranked

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: as

text: Europe

text: 's

text: most

text: innovative

text: country

text: For

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: by

text: a

text: considerable

text: margin

text: by

text: GDP

text: per

text: capita

text: In

text: the

text: gross

text: median

text: household

text: income

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: an

text: estimated

text: USD

text: at

text: Purchasing

text: power

text: parity

text: while

text: the

text: median

text: income

text: was

text: USD

text: Switzerland

text: also

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: account

text: balances

text: as

text: a

text: percentage

text: of

text: GDP

question: What did the World Economic Forum's Global Competetiveness Report Rank Switzerland's economy as?

answer: the most competitive in the world

text: the most competitive in the world

question: What was the gross median estimate of household income in Switzerland in 2007?

answer: 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity

text: 137,094 USD at Purchasing power parity

question: What was Switzerland's median income in 2007?

answer: 95,824 USD

text: 95,824 USD

question: How did the European Union rank Switzerland's economy?

answer: Europe's most innovative country

text: Europe's most innovative country


text: Breathing is largely driven by the muscular diaphragm, which divides the thorax from the abdominal cavity, forming a dome with its convexity towards the thorax. Contraction of the diaphragm flattens the dome, increasing the volume of the cavity in which the lung is enclosed. Air enters through the oral and nasal cavities; it flows through the larynx, trachea and bronchi and expands the alveoli. Relaxation of the diaphragm has the opposite effect, passively recoiling during normal breathing. During exercise, the abdominal wall contracts, increasing visceral pressure on the diaphragm, thus forcing the air out more quickly and forcefully. The rib cage itself also is able to expand and contract the thoracic cavity to some degree, through the action of other respiratory and accessory respiratory muscles. As a result, air is sucked into or expelled out of the lungs, always moving down its pressure gradient. This type of lung is known as a bellows lung as it resembles a blacksmith's bellows. Mammals take oxygen into their lungs, and discard carbon dioxide.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: Breathing

text: is

text: largely

text: driven

text: by

text: the

text: muscular

text: diaphragm

text: which

text: divides

text: the

text: thorax

text: from

text: the

text: abdominal

text: cavity

text: forming

text: a

text: dome

text: with

text: its

text: convexity

text: towards

text: the

text: thorax

text: Contraction

text: of

text: the

text: diaphragm

text: flattens

text: the

text: dome

text: increasing

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: the

text: cavity

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: lung

text: is

text: enclosed

text: Air

text: enters

text: through

text: the

text: oral

text: and

text: nasal

text: cavities

text: it

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: larynx

text: trachea

text: and

text: bronchi

text: and

text: expands

text: the

text: alveoli

text: Relaxation

text: of

text: the

text: diaphragm

text: has

text: the

text: opposite

text: effect

text: passively

text: recoiling

text: during

text: normal

text: breathing

text: During

text: exercise

text: the

text: abdominal

text: wall

text: contracts

text: increasing

text: visceral

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: diaphragm

text: thus

text: forcing

text: the

text: air

text: out

text: more

text: quickly

text: and

text: forcefully

text: The

text: rib

text: cage

text: itself

text: also

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: expand

text: and

text: contract

text: the

text: thoracic

text: cavity

text: to

text: some

text: degree

text: through

text: the

text: action

text: of

text: other

text: respiratory

text: and

text: accessory

text: respiratory

text: muscles

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: air

text: is

text: sucked

text: into

text: or

text: expelled

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: lungs

text: always

text: moving

text: down

text: its

text: pressure

text: gradient

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: lung

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: bellows

text: lung

text: as

text: it

text: resembles

text: a

text: blacksmith

text: 's

text: bellows

text: Mammals

text: take

text: oxygen

text: into

text: their

text: lungs

text: and

text: discard

text: carbon

text: dioxide

question: When air enters both the oral and nasal cavities, where does it flow through?

answer: larynx, trachea and bronchi

text: larynx, trachea and bronchi

question: Increasing pressure on the diaphragm thus increasing air output more frequently is usually caused by?

answer: exercise

text: exercise

question: A result of air being sucked into or blown out of the lung thats moving its pressure gradient is referred to?

answer: bellows lung

text: bellows lung

question: Where did the term Bellows Lung come from?

answer: blacksmith's bellows

text: blacksmith's bellows

question: When mammals take oxygen into their relaxed diaphragm, what happens to the abdominal wall?

text: discard carbon dioxide

question: What is alveoli inspired by?

text: resembles a blacksmith's bellows

question: What is the ribcage able to passively recoil?

text: the thoracic cavity

question: What does contraction of the thorax do while increasing the volume of the lung cavity?

text: flattens the dome

question: When air enters the nasal cavity, what does the rib cage expand?

text: the alveoli


text: Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: Other

text: Presbyterian

text: bodies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: include

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: RPCNA

text: the

text: Associate

text: Reformed

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: ARP

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: RPCUS

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: General

text: Assembly

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: Hanover

text: Presbytery

text: the

text: Covenant

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: the

text: Westminster

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Korean

text: American

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: Free

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: North

text: America

question: What is the name of the first three listed reformed Presbyterian Church's in the United States?

answer: Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS)

text: Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS)

question: What is the name of the Asian Presbyterian Church in the United States?

answer: Korean American Presbyterian Church

text: Korean American Presbyterian Church

question: What is the full name of this American Presbyterian church under this abbreviation (ARP)?

answer: Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church

text: Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church

question: Where is the Reformed Hanover Church located?

text: United States

question: Which denomination is the Korean Associate Reformed Church in Hanover?

text: Presbyterian

question: Where is the Covenant Westminster Church located?

text: United States

question: Where is the Free Presbyterian Reformed Church located?

text: North America


text: Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Other characteristics of the classification include likelihood of friction with secular authorities, reluctance to co-operate with other religious organizations, a high rate of membership turnover, a low rate of doctrinal change, and strict uniformity of beliefs among members. Beckford identified the religion's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments).

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Sociologist

text: James

text: A.

text: Beckford

text: in

text: his

text: study

text: of

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: classified

text: the

text: religion

text: 's

text: organizational

text: structure

text: as

text: Totalizing

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: assertive

text: leadership

text: specific

text: and

text: narrow

text: objectives

text: control

text: over

text: competing

text: demands

text: on

text: members

text: time

text: and

text: energy

text: and

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: new

text: members

text: Other

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: classification

text: include

text: likelihood

text: of

text: friction

text: with

text: secular

text: authorities

text: reluctance

text: to

text: co

text: operate

text: with

text: other

text: religious

text: organizations

text: a

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: membership

text: turnover

text: a

text: low

text: rate

text: of

text: doctrinal

text: change

text: and

text: strict

text: uniformity

text: of

text: beliefs

text: among

text: members

text: Beckford

text: identified

text: the

text: religion

text: 's

text: chief

text: characteristics

text: as

text: historicism

text: identifying

text: historical

text: events

text: as

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: outworking

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: purpose

text: absolutism

text: conviction

text: that

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witness

text: leaders

text: dispense

text: absolute

text: truth

text: activism

text: capacity

text: to

text: motivate

text: members

text: to

text: perform

text: missionary

text: tasks

text: rationalism

text: conviction

text: that

text: Witness

text: doctrines

text: have

text: a

text: rational

text: basis

text: devoid

text: of

text: mystery

text: authoritarianism

text: rigid

text: presentation

text: of

text: regulations

text: without

text: the

text: opportunity

text: for

text: criticism

text: and

text: world

text: indifference

text: rejection

text: of

text: certain

text: secular

text: requirements

text: and

text: medical

text: treatments

question: What is the profession of James A. Beckford?

answer: Sociologist

text: Sociologist

question: When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?

answer: 1975

question: What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational structure as being?

answer: Totalizing

text: Totalizing

question: What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth?

answer: absolutism

text: absolutism

question: What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments?

answer: world indifference

text: world indifference

question: Who issued a positive report about Jehovah's Witnesses in 1975?

text: Sociologist James A. Beckford

question: What is a profession that Jehovah's Witnesses aren't allowed to do?

text: Sociologist

question: When was the last time there was a doctrinal change for Jehovah's Witnesses?

question: In what year did James A. Beckford graduate from college?

question: Who claimed there was a low rate of turnover among Jehovah's Witnesses?

text: Sociologist James A. Beckford


text: "Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock, Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man Who Knew Too Much.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: Funday

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Movies

text: was

text: replaced

text: in

text: by

text: Essentials

text: Jr.

text: a

text: youth

text: oriented

text: version

text: of

text: its

text: weekly

text: series

text: The

text: Essentials

text: originally

text: hosted

text: by

text: actors

text: Abigail

text: Breslin

text: and

text: Chris

text: O'Donnell

text: then

text: by

text: John

text: Lithgow

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: then

text: by

text: Bill

text: Hader

text: starting

text: with

text: the

text: season

text: which

text: included

text: such

text: family

text: themed

text: films

text: as

text: National

text: Velvet

text: Captains

text: Courageous

text: and

text: Yours

text: Mine

text: and

text: Ours

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: more

text: eclectic

text: selections

text: as

text: Sherlock

text: Jr.

text: The

text: Music

text: Box

text: Harvey

text: Mutiny

text: on

text: the

text: Bounty

text: and

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Knew

text: Too

text: Much

question: What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?

answer: Essentials Jr.

text: Essentials Jr.

question: Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?

answer: Abigail Breslin

text: Abigail Breslin

question: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?

answer: John Lithgow

text: John Lithgow

question: Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?

answer: Bill Hader

text: Bill Hader

question: In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies?

answer: 2008

question: What series replaced Sherlock Jr. at the Movies?

text: Essentials Jr.

question: Who along with Chris O'Donnell was the original host of Sherlock Jr.?

text: Abigail Breslin

question: Who hosted Sherlock Jr. between 2009 and 2011?

text: John Lithgow

question: Who began to host Sherlock Jr. in 2011?

text: Bill Hader

question: In what year did Sherlock Jr. replace  Funday Night at the Movies?


text: Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: Underpinning

text: Houston

text: 's

text: land

text: surface

text: are

text: unconsolidated

text: clays

text: clay

text: shales

text: and

text: poorly

text: cemented

text: sands

text: up

text: to

text: several

text: miles

text: deep

text: The

text: region

text: 's

text: geology

text: developed

text: from

text: river

text: deposits

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: erosion

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: These

text: sediments

text: consist

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: sands

text: and

text: clays

text: deposited

text: on

text: decaying

text: organic

text: marine

text: matter

text: that

text: over

text: time

text: transformed

text: into

text: oil

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: Beneath

text: the

text: layers

text: of

text: sediment

text: is

text: a

text: water

text: deposited

text: layer

text: of

text: halite

text: a

text: rock

text: salt

text: The

text: porous

text: layers

text: were

text: compressed

text: over

text: time

text: and

text: forced

text: upward

text: As

text: it

text: pushed

text: upward

text: the

text: salt

text: dragged

text: surrounding

text: sediments

text: into

text: salt

text: dome

text: formations

text: often

text: trapping

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: that

text: seeped

text: from

text: the

text: surrounding

text: porous

text: sands

text: The

text: thick

text: rich

text: sometimes

text: black

text: surface

text: soil

text: is

text: suitable

text: for

text: rice

text: farming

text: in

text: suburban

text: outskirts

text: where

text: the

text: city

text: continues

text: to

text: grow

question: What materials are underpinning the land surface of Houston?

answer: unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands

text: unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands

question: Houston's geology was formed from river deposits from the erosion of what mountains?

answer: Rocky Mountains

text: Rocky Mountains

question: The sand and clay deposited onto decaying marine matter transformed into what?

answer: oil and natural gas

text: oil and natural gas

question: What is halite?

answer: a rock salt

text: a rock salt

question: What type of farming is Houston's surface soil good for?

answer: rice farming

text: rice farming

question: What geological event caused the foundations of the land beneath Houston?

answer: erosion of the Rocky Mountains

text: erosion of the Rocky Mountains

question: Besides sands, what are the foundations of Houston's land?

answer: clays

text: clays

question: How deep are the clay and sands foundations of Houston?

answer: several miles

text: several miles

question: What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form?

answer: oil and natural gas

text: oil and natural gas

question: What agricultural crop was farmed in the rich soils on the outlying areas of Houston?

answer: rice

text: rice

question: What materials are underpinning the water of Houston?

question: Houston's geology was formed from river deposits from the erosion of what ocean?

text: Rocky Mountains

question: The glass deposited onto decaying marine matter transformed into what?

text: oil and natural gas

question: What is falsalite?

text: rock salt

question: What type of fishing is Houston's waters good for?

text: rice farming


text: Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed.:6.1 The mRNA acts as an intermediate between the DNA gene and its final protein product. The gene's DNA is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA. The mRNA matches the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand. Transcription is performed by an enzyme called an RNA polymerase, which reads the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction and synthesizes the RNA from 5' to 3'. To initiate transcription, the polymerase first recognizes and binds a promoter region of the gene. Thus, a major mechanism of gene regulation is the blocking or sequestering the promoter region, either by tight binding by repressor molecules that physically block the polymerase, or by organizing the DNA so that the promoter region is not accessible.:7

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Transcription

text: produces

text: a

text: single

text: stranded

text: RNA

text: molecule

text: known

text: as

text: messenger

text: RNA

text: whose

text: nucleotide

text: sequence

text: is

text: complementary

text: to

text: the

text: DNA

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: The

text: mRNA

text: acts

text: as

text: an

text: intermediate

text: between

text: the

text: DNA

text: gene

text: and

text: its

text: final

text: protein

text: product

text: The

text: gene

text: 's

text: DNA

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: template

text: to

text: generate

text: a

text: complementary

text: mRNA

text: The

text: mRNA

text: matches

text: the

text: sequence

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: 's

text: DNA

text: coding

text: strand

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: synthesised

text: as

text: the

text: complement

text: of

text: the

text: template

text: strand

text: Transcription

text: is

text: performed

text: by

text: an

text: enzyme

text: called

text: an

text: RNA

text: polymerase

text: which

text: reads

text: the

text: template

text: strand

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: direction

text: and

text: synthesizes

text: the

text: RNA

text: from

text: to

text: To

text: initiate

text: transcription

text: the

text: polymerase

text: first

text: recognizes

text: and

text: binds

text: a

text: promoter

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: Thus

text: a

text: major

text: mechanism

text: of

text: gene

text: regulation

text: is

text: the

text: blocking

text: or

text: sequestering

text: the

text: promoter

text: region

text: either

text: by

text: tight

text: binding

text: by

text: repressor

text: molecules

text: that

text: physically

text: block

text: the

text: polymerase

text: or

text: by

text: organizing

text: the

text: DNA

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: promoter

text: region

text: is

text: not

question: What does transcription produce?

answer: a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA

text: a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA

question: How does the nucleotide sequence of mRNA compare to DNA?

answer: complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed

text: complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed

question: What is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA?

answer: The gene's DNA

text: The gene's DNA

question: Why does the mRNA match the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand?

answer: because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand

text: because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand

question: What is the enzyme called that performs transcription?

answer: an RNA polymerase

text: an RNA polymerase


text: When the war had begun, European public opinion heavily favored the Germans; many Italians attempted to sign up as volunteers at the Prussian embassy in Florence and a Prussian diplomat visited Giuseppe Garibaldi in Caprera. Bismarck's demand for the return of Alsace caused a dramatic shift in that sentiment in Italy, which was best exemplified by the reaction of Garibaldi soon after the revolution in Paris, who told the Movimento of Genoa on 7 September 1870 that "Yesterday I said to you: war to the death to Bonaparte. Today I say to you: rescue the French Republic by every means." Garibaldi went to France and assumed command of the Army of the Vosges, with which he operated around Dijon till the end of the war.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: When

text: the

text: war

text: had

text: begun

text: European

text: public

text: opinion

text: heavily

text: favored

text: the

text: Germans

text: many

text: Italians

text: attempted

text: to

text: sign

text: up

text: as

text: volunteers

text: at

text: the

text: Prussian

text: embassy

text: in

text: Florence

text: and

text: a

text: Prussian

text: diplomat

text: visited

text: Giuseppe

text: Garibaldi

text: in

text: Caprera

text: Bismarck

text: 's

text: demand

text: for

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: Alsace

text: caused

text: a

text: dramatic

text: shift

text: in

text: that

text: sentiment

text: in

text: Italy

text: which

text: was

text: best

text: exemplified

text: by

text: the

text: reaction

text: of

text: Garibaldi

text: soon

text: after

text: the

text: revolution

text: in

text: Paris

text: who

text: told

text: the

text: Movimento

text: of

text: Genoa

text: on

text: September

text: that

text: Yesterday

text: I

text: said

text: to

text: you

text: war

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: to

text: Bonaparte

text: Today

text: I

text: say

text: to

text: you

text: rescue

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: by

text: every

text: means

text: Garibaldi

text: went

text: to

text: France

text: and

text: assumed

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Vosges

text: with

text: which

text: he

text: operated

text: around

text: Dijon

text: till

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

question: At the start of the war, which country did European public opinion champion?

answer: the Germans

text: the Germans

question: In which city did many Italians attempt to proffer their services to the Prussian embassy?

answer: Florence

text: Florence

question: What caused a dramatic shift in Italian sentiment toward the war?

answer: Bismarck's demand for the return of Alsace

text: Bismarck's demand for the return of Alsace

question: To whom is the quote, "Rescue the French Republic by every means" attributed?

answer: Garibaldi

text: Garibaldi

question: What army did Garibaldi gain command of in France?

answer: the Army of the Vosges

text: the Army of the Vosges


text: Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was also much debate as to whether rent control laws had made it less profitable (or more costly) for landlords to maintain existing buildings with their existing tenants than to abandon or destroy those buildings.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Yet

text: another

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: the

text: real

text: estate

text: listings

text: and

text: property

text: related

text: financial

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: mortgage

text: loans

text: or

text: insurance

text: policies

text: offered

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: a

text: process

text: known

text: as

text: redlining

text: Others

text: have

text: suggested

text: a

text: planned

text: shrinkage

text: of

text: municipal

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: fire

text: fighting

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: much

text: debate

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: rent

text: control

text: laws

text: had

text: made

text: it

text: less

text: profitable

text: or

text: more

text: costly

text: for

text: landlords

text: to

text: maintain

text: existing

text: buildings

text: with

text: their

text: existing

text: tenants

text: than

text: to

text: abandon

text: or

text: destroy

text: those

text: buildings

question: What is redlining?

answer: a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas

text: a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas

question: What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings?

answer: rent control laws

text: rent control laws

question: What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?

answer: fire-fighting

text: fire-fighting


text: Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number of monographs. August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich's mother was born in 1875 to a wealthy, conservative, land-owning family. As her mother died several years prior to Friedrich's birth, Felicitas gained a significant inheritance which provided as much as half of her and August's income during the early years of their marriage. Hayek was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–69) and Erich (1904–86), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than him.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Friedrich

text: August

text: von

text: Hayek

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Vienna

text: to

text: August

text: von

text: Hayek

text: and

text: Felicitas

text: Hayek

text: née

text: von

text: Juraschek

text: Friedrich

text: 's

text: father

text: from

text: whom

text: he

text: received

text: his

text: middle

text: name

text: was

text: also

text: born

text: in

text: Vienna

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: a

text: medical

text: doctor

text: employed

text: by

text: the

text: municipal

text: ministry

text: of

text: health

text: with

text: passion

text: in

text: botany

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: wrote

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: monographs

text: August

text: von

text: Hayek

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: part

text: time

text: botany

text: lecturer

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: Friedrich

text: 's

text: mother

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: to

text: a

text: wealthy

text: conservative

text: land

text: owning

text: family

text: As

text: her

text: mother

text: died

text: several

text: years

text: prior

text: to

text: Friedrich

text: 's

text: birth

text: Felicitas

text: gained

text: a

text: significant

text: inheritance

text: which

text: provided

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: half

text: of

text: her

text: and

text: August

text: 's

text: income

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: their

text: marriage

text: Hayek

text: was

text: the

text: oldest

text: of

text: three

text: brothers

text: Heinrich

text: and

text: Erich

text: who

text: were

text: one

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: and

text: five

text: years

text: younger

text: than

text: him

question: Who was Hayek's father?

answer: August von Hayek

text: August von Hayek

question: What was August von Hayek's occupation?

answer: medical doctor

text: medical doctor

question: What was August von Hayek particularly passionate about?

answer: botany

text: botany

question: From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: How many children did August von Hayek and his wife have?

answer: three

text: three


text: In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal architecture and Greek Revival architecture were dominated by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan. Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century, but his contemporaries included John McArthur, Jr., Addison Hutton, Wilson Eyre, the Wilson Brothers, and Horace Trumbauer. In 1871, construction began on the Second Empire-style Philadelphia City Hall. The Philadelphia Historical Commission was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city. The commission maintains the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places, adding historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts as it sees fit.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Federal

text: architecture

text: and

text: Greek

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: were

text: dominated

text: by

text: Philadelphia

text: architects

text: such

text: as

text: Benjamin

text: Latrobe

text: William

text: Strickland

text: John

text: Haviland

text: John

text: Notman

text: Thomas

text: U.

text: Walter

text: and

text: Samuel

text: Sloan

text: Frank

text: Furness

text: is

text: considered

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: greatest

text: architect

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: his

text: contemporaries

text: included

text: John

text: McArthur

text: Jr.

text: Addison

text: Hutton

text: Wilson

text: Eyre

text: the

text: Wilson

text: Brothers

text: and

text: Horace

text: Trumbauer

text: In

text: construction

text: began

text: on

text: the

text: Second

text: Empire

text: style

text: Philadelphia

text: City

text: Hall

text: The

text: Philadelphia

text: Historical

text: Commission

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: to

text: preserve

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: architectural

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: commission

text: maintains

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: adding

text: historic

text: buildings

text: structures

text: sites

text: objects

text: and

text: districts

text: as

text: it

text: sees

text: fit

question: Name 6 important Philadelphia architects?

answer: Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan

text: Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan

question: Who is Philadelphia's greatest architect of the later 19th century?

answer: Frank Furness

text: Frank Furness

question: When did building begin on the Philadelphia CIty Hall?

answer: 1871

question: What commission was created in 1955?

answer: Philadelphia Historical Commission

text: Philadelphia Historical Commission

question: What does this commission control?

answer: Philadelphia Register of Historic Places

text: Philadelphia Register of Historic Places


text: Following the end of the Cold War, the threat of direct conventional military confrontation with other states has been replaced by terrorism. Sir Richard Dannatt predicted British forces to be involved in combating "predatory non-state actors" for the foreseeable future, in what he called an "era of persistent conflict". He told the Chatham House think tank that the fight against al-Qaeda and other militant Islamist groups was "probably the fight of our generation".

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: Following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: direct

text: conventional

text: military

text: confrontation

text: with

text: other

text: states

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: terrorism

text: Sir

text: Richard

text: Dannatt

text: predicted

text: British

text: forces

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: combating

text: predatory

text: non

text: state

text: actors

text: for

text: the

text: foreseeable

text: future

text: in

text: what

text: he

text: called

text: an

text: era

text: of

text: persistent

text: conflict

text: He

text: told

text: the

text: Chatham

text: House

text: think

text: tank

text: that

text: the

text: fight

text: against

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: and

text: other

text: militant

text: Islamist

text: groups

text: was

text: probably

text: the

text: fight

text: of

text: our

text: generation

question: What was the new threat that arose after the end of the Cold War?

answer: terrorism

text: terrorism

question: What was fighting during the Cold War considered by Dannatt?

text: "probably the fight of our generation"

question: What was the Cold War era also called?

text: an "era of persistent conflict"

question: What has the threat of terrorism been replaced by?

question: What does Chatham House predict al-Qaeda will fight in the future?

text: "predatory non-state actors"

question: Who was involved with terrorism in the Cold War?

text: other states


text: The Paris Region economy has gradually shifted from industry to high-value-added service industries (finance, IT services, etc.) and high-tech manufacturing (electronics, optics, aerospace, etc.). The Paris region's most intense economic activity through the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district places Paris' economic centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. While the Paris economy is dominated by services, and employment in manufacturing sector has declined sharply, the region remains an important manufacturing centre, particularly for aeronautics, automobiles, and "eco" industries.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: Paris

text: Region

text: economy

text: has

text: gradually

text: shifted

text: from

text: industry

text: to

text: high

text: value

text: added

text: service

text: industries

text: finance

text: IT

text: services

text: etc

text: and

text: high

text: tech

text: manufacturing

text: electronics

text: optics

text: aerospace

text: etc

text: The

text: Paris

text: region

text: 's

text: most

text: intense

text: economic

text: activity

text: through

text: the

text: central

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: department

text: and

text: suburban

text: La

text: Défense

text: business

text: district

text: places

text: Paris

text: economic

text: centre

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: a

text: triangle

text: between

text: the

text: Opéra

text: Garnier

text: La

text: Défense

text: and

text: the

text: Val

text: de

text: Seine

text: While

text: the

text: Paris

text: economy

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: services

text: and

text: employment

text: in

text: manufacturing

text: sector

text: has

text: declined

text: sharply

text: the

text: region

text: remains

text: an

text: important

text: manufacturing

text: centre

text: particularly

text: for

text: aeronautics

text: automobiles

text: and

text: eco

text: industries

question: What as the Paris Region's economy shifted towards?

answer: high-value-added service industries

text: high-value-added service industries

question: Prior to now, what was Paris' biggest economy?

answer: industry

text: industry

question: Where is Paris economic Centre located?

answer: west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine

text: west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine


text: As Universal's main product had always been low-budget film, it was one of the last major studios to have a contract with Technicolor. The studio did not make use of the three-strip Technicolor process until Arabian Nights (1942), starring Jon Hall and Maria Montez. The following year, Technicolor was also used in Universal's remake of their 1925 horror melodrama, Phantom of the Opera with Claude Rains and Nelson Eddy. With the success of their first two pictures, a regular schedule of high-budget, Technicolor films followed.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: As

text: Universal

text: 's

text: main

text: product

text: had

text: always

text: been

text: low

text: budget

text: film

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: studios

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: contract

text: with

text: Technicolor

text: The

text: studio

text: did

text: not

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: strip

text: Technicolor

text: process

text: until

text: Arabian

text: Nights

text: starring

text: Jon

text: Hall

text: and

text: Maria

text: Montez

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Technicolor

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: Universal

text: 's

text: remake

text: of

text: their

text: horror

text: melodrama

text: Phantom

text: of

text: the

text: Opera

text: with

text: Claude

text: Rains

text: and

text: Nelson

text: Eddy

text: With

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: their

text: first

text: two

text: pictures

text: a

text: regular

text: schedule

text: of

text: high

text: budget

text: Technicolor

text: films

text: followed

question: What was the first Universal film to use the three-strip Technicolor process?

answer: Arabian Nights

text: Arabian Nights

question: What actress starred in Arabian Nights?

answer: Maria Montez

text: Maria Montez

question: Along with Nelson Eddy, who starred in the Phantom of the Opera?

answer: Claude Rains

text: Claude Rains

question: When was Universal's first version of the Phantom of the Opera made?

answer: 1925

question: In what year was Arabian Nights produced?

answer: 1942

question: Who was Universal first to have a contract with?

text: Technicolor

question: What 1925 film was the first that made use of the three-strip Technicolor process?

text: Arabian Nights

question: What remake used technicolor in 1942?

text: Phantom of the Opera

question: Who starred in the 1942 version of Phantom of the Opera?

text: Claude Rains and Nelson Eddy


text: For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour shortage in Peru. While some islanders were voluntary recruits the "blackbirders" were notorious for enticing islanders on to ships with tricks, such as pretending to be Christian missionaries, as well as kidnapping islanders at gun point. The Rev. A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 170 people were taken from Funafuti and about 250 were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: For

text: less

text: than

text: a

text: year

text: between

text: Peruvian

text: ships

text: engaged

text: in

text: what

text: became

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: blackbirding

text: trade

text: combed

text: the

text: smaller

text: islands

text: of

text: Polynesia

text: from

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: Pacific

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: atolls

text: of

text: the

text: Gilbert

text: Islands

text: now

text: Kiribati

text: seeking

text: recruits

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: extreme

text: labour

text: shortage

text: in

text: Peru

text: While

text: some

text: islanders

text: were

text: voluntary

text: recruits

text: the

text: blackbirders

text: were

text: notorious

text: for

text: enticing

text: islanders

text: on

text: to

text: ships

text: with

text: tricks

text: such

text: as

text: pretending

text: to

text: be

text: Christian

text: missionaries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: kidnapping

text: islanders

text: at

text: gun

text: point

text: The

text: Rev.

text: A.

text: W.

text: Murray

text: the

text: earliest

text: European

text: missionary

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: reported

text: that

text: in

text: about

text: people

text: were

text: taken

text: from

text: Funafuti

text: and

text: about

text: were

text: taken

text: from

text: Nukulaelae

text: as

text: there

text: were

text: fewer

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: recorded

text: in

text: as

text: living

text: on

text: Nukulaelae

question: In what years did Peruvian ships seek laborers in the Polynesian islands?

answer: 1862–63

question: What was the name applied to the trade of dealing with labor hunters?

answer: blackbirding

text: blackbirding

question: By what means did Blackbirders often get islanders aboard their ships?

answer: tricks

text: tricks

question: Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?

answer: Rev. A. W. Murray

text: Rev. A. W. Murray

question: When did Murray report people missing because of Blackbirders?

answer: 1863


text: Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental "slop" (Hulme)[citation needed] or "an old bitch gone in the teeth" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more manly, authoritarian society such as (they believed) existed in the Middle Ages. Postmodern critics who are self-described anti-humanists, such as Jean-François Lyotard and Michel Foucault, have asserted that humanism posits an overarching and excessively abstract notion of humanity or universal human nature, which can then be used as a pretext for imperialism and domination of those deemed somehow less than human. "Humanism fabricates the human as much as it fabricates the nonhuman animal", suggests Timothy Laurie, turning the human into what he calls "a placeholder for a range of attributes that have been considered most virtuous among humans (e.g. rationality, altruism), rather than most commonplace (e.g. hunger, anger)". Nevertheless, philosopher Kate Soper notes that by faulting humanism for falling short of its own benevolent ideals, anti-humanism thus frequently "secretes a humanist rhetoric".

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: Polemics

text: about

text: humanism

text: have

text: sometimes

text: assumed

text: paradoxical

text: twists

text: and

text: turns

text: Early

text: century

text: critics

text: such

text: as

text: Ezra

text: Pound

text: T.

text: E.

text: Hulme

text: and

text: T.

text: S.

text: Eliot

text: considered

text: humanism

text: to

text: be

text: sentimental

text: slop

text: Hulme)[citation

text: needed

text: or

text: an

text: old

text: bitch

text: gone

text: in

text: the

text: teeth

text: Pound

text: and

text: wanted

text: to

text: go

text: back

text: to

text: a

text: more

text: manly

text: authoritarian

text: society

text: such

text: as

text: they

text: believed

text: existed

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Postmodern

text: critics

text: who

text: are

text: self

text: described

text: anti

text: humanists

text: such

text: as

text: Jean

text: François

text: Lyotard

text: and

text: Michel

text: Foucault

text: have

text: asserted

text: that

text: humanism

text: posits

text: an

text: overarching

text: and

text: excessively

text: abstract

text: notion

text: of

text: humanity

text: or

text: universal

text: human

text: nature

text: which

text: can

text: then

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: pretext

text: for

text: imperialism

text: and

text: domination

text: of

text: those

text: deemed

text: somehow

text: less

text: than

text: human

text: Humanism

text: fabricates

text: the

text: human

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: it

text: fabricates

text: the

text: nonhuman

text: animal

text: suggests

text: Timothy

text: Laurie

text: turning

text: the

text: human

text: into

text: what

text: he

text: calls

text: a

text: placeholder

text: for

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: attributes

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: considered

text: most

text: virtuous

text: among

text: humans

text: e.g.

text: rationality

text: altruism

text: rather

text: than

text: most

text: commonplace

text: e.g.

text: hunger

text: anger

text: Nevertheless

text: philosopher

text: Kate

text: Soper

text: notes

text: that

text: by

text: faulting

text: humanism

text: for

text: falling

text: short

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: benevolent

text: ideals

text: anti

text: humanism

text: thus

text: frequently

text: secretes

text: a

text: humanist

text: rhetoric

question: Who was one early naysayer of Humanism?

answer: Ezra Pound

text: Ezra Pound

question: What was the main reason they disagreed with the beliefs?

answer: sentimental

text: sentimental

question: Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder?

answer: Timothy Laurie

text: Timothy Laurie

question: Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism?

answer: Kate Soper

text: Kate Soper

question: Who was the last naysayer of Humanism?

text: Ezra Pound

question: What was the main reason they agreed with the beliefs?

text: sentimental

question: Who was against Humanism the most?

text: Timothy Laurie

question: Who had no interest in discussing Humanism?

text: Kate Soper


text: In 1992, Madonna had a role in A League of Their Own as Mae Mordabito, a baseball player on an all-women's team. She recorded the film's theme song, "This Used to Be My Playground", which became a Hot 100 number one hit. The same year, she founded her own entertainment company, Maverick, consisting of a record company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), and associated music publishing, television broadcasting, book publishing and merchandising divisions. The deal was a joint venture with Time Warner and paid Madonna an advance of $60 million. It gave her 20% royalties from the music proceedings, one of the highest rates in the industry, equaled at that time only by Michael Jackson's royalty rate established a year earlier with Sony. The first release from the venture was Madonna's book, titled Sex. It consisted of sexually provocative and explicit images, photographed by Steven Meisel. The book received strong negative reaction from the media and the general public, but sold 1.5 million copies at $50 each in a matter of days. At the same time she released her fifth studio album, Erotica, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200. Its title track peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Erotica also produced five singles: "Deeper and Deeper", "Bad Girl", "Fever", "Rain" and "Bye Bye Baby". Madonna had provocative imagery featured in the erotic thriller, Body of Evidence, a film which contained scenes of sadomasochism and bondage. It was poorly received by critics. She also starred in the film Dangerous Game, which was released straight to video in North America. The New York Times described the film as "angry and painful, and the pain feels real."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: In

text: Madonna

text: had

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: A

text: League

text: of

text: Their

text: Own

text: as

text: Mae

text: Mordabito

text: a

text: baseball

text: player

text: on

text: an

text: all

text: women

text: 's

text: team

text: She

text: recorded

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: theme

text: song

text: This

text: Used

text: to

text: Be

text: My

text: Playground

text: which

text: became

text: a

text: Hot

text: number

text: one

text: hit

text: The

text: same

text: year

text: she

text: founded

text: her

text: own

text: entertainment

text: company

text: Maverick

text: consisting

text: of

text: a

text: record

text: company

text: Maverick

text: Records

text: a

text: film

text: production

text: company

text: Maverick

text: Films

text: and

text: associated

text: music

text: publishing

text: television

text: broadcasting

text: book

text: publishing

text: and

text: merchandising

text: divisions

text: The

text: deal

text: was

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: with

text: Time

text: Warner

text: and

text: paid

text: Madonna

text: an

text: advance

text: of

text: million

text: It

text: gave

text: her

text: royalties

text: from

text: the

text: music

text: proceedings

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: rates

text: in

text: the

text: industry

text: equaled

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: only

text: by

text: Michael

text: Jackson

text: 's

text: royalty

text: rate

text: established

text: a

text: year

text: earlier

text: with

text: Sony

text: The

text: first

text: release

text: from

text: the

text: venture

text: was

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: book

text: titled

text: Sex

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: sexually

text: provocative

text: and

text: explicit

text: images

text: photographed

text: by

text: Steven

text: Meisel

text: The

text: book

text: received

text: strong

text: negative

text: reaction

text: from

text: the

text: media

text: and

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: but

text: sold

text: million

text: copies

text: at

text: each

text: in

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: days

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: she

text: released

text: her

text: fifth

text: studio

text: album

text: Erotica

text: which

text: debuted

text: at

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Its

text: title

text: track

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: three

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: Erotica

text: also

text: produced

text: five

text: singles

text: Deeper

text: and

text: Deeper

text: Bad

text: Girl

text: Fever

text: Rain

text: and

text: Bye

text: Bye

text: Baby

text: Madonna

text: had

text: provocative

text: imagery

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: erotic

text: thriller

text: Body

text: of

text: Evidence

text: a

text: film

text: which

text: contained

text: scenes

text: of

text: sadomasochism

text: and

text: bondage

text: It

text: was

text: poorly

text: received

text: by

text: critics

text: She

text: also

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Dangerous

text: Game

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: straight

text: to

text: video

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: described

text: the

text: film

text: as

text: angry

text: and

text: painful

text: and

text: the

text: pain

text: feels

text: real

question: Who did Madonna play in the role A League Of Their Own?

answer: Mae Mordabito

text: Mae Mordabito

question: What is the film's theme song?

answer: This Used to Be My Playground

text: This Used to Be My Playground

question: When did Madonna open her own entertainment company, Maverick?

answer: 1992

question: How much was the royalties paid to Madonna for the music proceedings?

answer: 20%

question: What was the name of the erotic thriller that shows scenes of sadomasochism and bondage?

answer: Body of Evidence

text: Body of Evidence


text: The development of skyscrapers over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963. As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building and Symphony Towers. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza, standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which was completed in 1991. The downtown skyline contains no super-talls, as a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings due to the proximity of San Diego International Airport. An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: skyscrapers

text: over

text: feet

text: m

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: El

text: Cortez

text: Hotel

text: in

text: the

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: to

text: As

text: time

text: went

text: on

text: multiple

text: buildings

text: claimed

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: 's

text: tallest

text: skyscraper

text: including

text: the

text: Union

text: Bank

text: of

text: California

text: Building

text: and

text: Symphony

text: Towers

text: Currently

text: the

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: One

text: America

text: Plaza

text: standing

text: feet

text: m

text: tall

text: which

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: The

text: downtown

text: skyline

text: contains

text: no

text: super

text: talls

text: as

text: a

text: regulation

text: put

text: in

text: place

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: Aviation

text: Administration

text: in

text: the

text: set

text: a

text: feet

text: m

text: limit

text: on

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: buildings

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: proximity

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: International

text: Airport

text: An

text: iconic

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: skyline

text: includes

text: its

text: skyscrapers

text: being

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: tools

text: of

text: a

text: toolbox

question: What was the first skyscraper built in San Diego that was over 300-feet tall?

answer: El Cortez Hotel

text: El Cortez Hotel

question: How tall is One America Plaza?

answer: 500 feet

text: 500 feet

question: What played a role in determining the maximum height skyscrapers can be in San Diego?

answer: San Diego International Airport

text: San Diego International Airport

question: What organization regulates building heights in San Diego?

answer: Federal Aviation Administration

text: Federal Aviation Administration

question: What bank spent time as being the tallest building in San Diego?

answer: Union Bank of California Building

text: Union Bank of California Building

question: What was the first skyscraper built in San Diego that was over 200-feet tall?

text: El Cortez Hotel

question: How tall is Two America Plaza?

text: 500 feet

question: What played a role in determining the maximum height skyscrapers can be in San Francisco?

text: San Diego International Airport

question: What organization regulates building heights in San Francisco?

text: Federal Aviation Administration

question: What bank spent time as being the shortest building in San Diego?

text: Union Bank of California Building


text: Korean still uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian", though the Greek form Kurisudo 그리스도 has now replaced the old Sino-Korean Kidok, which refers to Christ himself.

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: Korean

text: still

text: uses

text: 기독교도

text: Kidok

text: kyo

text: do

text: for

text: Christian

text: though

text: the

text: Greek

text: form

text: Kurisudo

text: 그리스도

text: has

text: now

text: replaced

text: the

text: old

text: Sino

text: Korean

text: Kidok

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: Christ

text: himself

question: What is the Korean word for Christian?

answer: 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do

text: 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do

question: Which term referred to Jesus himself?

answer: Sino-Korean Kidok

text: Sino-Korean Kidok

question: What is the modern term for Sino-Korean Kidok?

answer: Kurisudo 그리스도

text: Kurisudo 그리스도

question: Which term refers to Greek himself?

text: Sino-Korean Kidok

question: Which language no longer uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian"?

text: Korean

question: What is the Korean form of Kurisudo?

text: 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do

question: What is the Greek form of Kidok-kyo-do?

text: Kurisudo 그리스도

question: Which term has been replaced by Sino-Korean Kidok?

text: Kurisudo 그리스도


text: The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Human

text: Development

text: Report

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Program

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: and

text: calculates

text: HDI

text: values

text: based

text: on

text: estimates

text: for

text: Below

text: is

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: countries

question: On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released?

answer: March 14, 2013

text: March 14, 2013

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report?

answer: 2012

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?


text: In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on why the "middle way" was the pragmatic path the Conservative Party should take, avoiding the extremes of left and right. Before he had finished, Thatcher "reached into her briefcase and took out a book. It was Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty. Interrupting our pragmatist, she held the book up for all of us to see. 'This', she said sternly, 'is what we believe', and banged Hayek down on the table".

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: In

text: February

text: Margaret

text: Thatcher

text: was

text: elected

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: The

text: Institute

text: of

text: Economic

text: Affairs

text: arranged

text: a

text: meeting

text: between

text: Hayek

text: and

text: Thatcher

text: in

text: London

text: soon

text: after

text: During

text: Thatcher

text: 's

text: only

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Research

text: Department

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: a

text: speaker

text: had

text: prepared

text: a

text: paper

text: on

text: why

text: the

text: middle

text: way

text: was

text: the

text: pragmatic

text: path

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: should

text: take

text: avoiding

text: the

text: extremes

text: of

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: Before

text: he

text: had

text: finished

text: Thatcher

text: reached

text: into

text: her

text: briefcase

text: and

text: took

text: out

text: a

text: book

text: It

text: was

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Liberty

text: Interrupting

text: our

text: pragmatist

text: she

text: held

text: the

text: book

text: up

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: us

text: to

text: see

text: This

text: she

text: said

text: sternly

text: is

text: what

text: we

text: believe

text: and

text: banged

text: Hayek

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: table

question: What political party was Margaret Thatcher the head of in 1975?

answer: British Conservative Party

text: British Conservative Party

question: Who did Thatcher meet with shortly after she was elected as the head of her party?

answer: Hayek

text: Hayek

question: What path was suggested as the right one for Margaret Thatcher's party by a speaker?

answer: the "middle way"

text: the "middle way"

question: Which of Hayek's works did Thatcher produce at the Conservative Research Department?

answer: The Constitution of Liberty

text: The Constitution of Liberty


text: Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Aspiration

text: has

text: varying

text: significance

text: in

text: different

text: languages

text: It

text: is

text: either

text: allophonic

text: or

text: phonemic

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: analyzed

text: as

text: an

text: underlying

text: consonant

text: cluster

question: What has a different significance in various languages?

answer: Aspiration

text: Aspiration

question: What two forms can aspiration be in?

answer: allophonic or phonemic

text: allophonic or phonemic

question: What may be analyzed as an underlying symbol cluster?

text: Aspiration

question: Aspiration can differ in which two languages?

text: allophonic or phonemic

question: Unaspiration has varying significance in what?

text: different languages

question: What may be analyzed as an underlying phonemic cluster?

text: Aspiration

question: What is either allophonic or a cluster?

text: Aspiration


text: The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole. A federal upper house may be based on a special scheme of apportionment, as is the case in the senates of the United States and Australia, where each state is represented by an equal number of senators irrespective of the size of its population.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: The

text: structures

text: of

text: most

text: federal

text: governments

text: incorporate

text: mechanisms

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: component

text: states

text: One

text: method

text: known

text: as

text: intrastate

text: federalism

text: is

text: to

text: directly

text: represent

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: component

text: states

text: in

text: federal

text: political

text: institutions

text: Where

text: a

text: federation

text: has

text: a

text: bicameral

text: legislature

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: component

text: states

text: while

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: represents

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: A

text: federal

text: upper

text: house

text: may

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: special

text: scheme

text: of

text: apportionment

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: the

text: senates

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Australia

text: where

text: each

text: state

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: an

text: equal

text: number

text: of

text: senators

text: irrespective

text: of

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: its

text: population

question: What does the structures of the federal government incorporate?

answer: mechanisms to protect the rights of component states

text: mechanisms to protect the rights of component states

question: What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?

answer: intrastate federalism

text: intrastate federalism

question: What is intrastate federalism?

answer: is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions

text: is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions

question: What is a bicameral legislature?

answer: the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole

text: the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole

question: What does the structures of the federal government ignore?

question: What does the structures of the local government incorporate?

question: What is one method to strike the rights of the component states?

text: intrastate federalism

question: What isn't intrastate federalism?

question: What is a tricameral legislature?


text: In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors. Although pesticides have benefits, some also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species. According to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals are organochlorine pesticides.

title: Pesticide

title: Pesticide

text: In

text: general

text: a

text: pesticide

text: is

text: a

text: chemical

text: or

text: biological

text: agent

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: virus

text: bacterium

text: antimicrobial

text: or

text: disinfectant

text: that

text: deters

text: incapacitates

text: kills

text: or

text: otherwise

text: discourages

text: pests

text: Target

text: pests

text: can

text: include

text: insects

text: plant

text: pathogens

text: weeds

text: mollusks

text: birds

text: mammals

text: fish

text: nematodes

text: roundworms

text: and

text: microbes

text: that

text: destroy

text: property

text: cause

text: nuisance

text: or

text: spread

text: disease

text: or

text: are

text: disease

text: vectors

text: Although

text: pesticides

text: have

text: benefits

text: some

text: also

text: have

text: drawbacks

text: such

text: as

text: potential

text: toxicity

text: to

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: species

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Stockholm

text: Convention

text: on

text: Persistent

text: Organic

text: Pollutants

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: dangerous

text: and

text: persistent

text: organic

text: chemicals

text: are

text: organochlorine

text: pesticides

question: What are three pests pesticides target?

answer: plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks

text: plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks

question: Are pesticides chemical or biological agents?

answer: a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent

text: a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent

question: What are possible cons of pesticides?

answer: potential toxicity to humans and other species

text: potential toxicity to humans and other species

question: What are pesticides meant to prevent?

answer: destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors

text: destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors

question: How many microbes exist that are dangerous to humans?

question: What do nematodes do when they infect a host?

text: incapacitates, kills

question: What is the danger of people eating some mollusks?

text: potential toxicity

question: How many types of poisonous mollusks are there in the wild?

question: What does being immunized against a virus help prevent?

text: disease


text: Madonna experimented with more folk and acoustic music in Music (2000) and American Life (2003). A change was noted in the content of the songs in Music, with most of them being simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy. According to Q magazine, American Life was characterized by "a thumping techno rhythm, liquid keyboard lines, an acoustic chorus and a bizarre Madonna rap." The "conventional rock songs" of the album were suffused with dramatic lyrics about patriotism and composition, including the appearance of a gospel choir in the song "Nothing Fails". Madonna returned to pure dance songs with Confessions on a Dance Floor, infusing club beats and retro music with the lyrics about paradoxical metaphors and reference to her earlier works. Madonna moved to urban direction with Hard Candy (2008), mixing R&B and hip hop music with dance tunes. MDNA (2012) largely focused in electronic dance music, which she has embraced since Ray of Light.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: experimented

text: with

text: more

text: folk

text: and

text: acoustic

text: music

text: in

text: Music

text: and

text: American

text: Life

text: A

text: change

text: was

text: noted

text: in

text: the

text: content

text: of

text: the

text: songs

text: in

text: Music

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: simple

text: love

text: songs

text: but

text: with

text: an

text: underlying

text: tone

text: of

text: melancholy

text: According

text: to

text: Q

text: magazine

text: American

text: Life

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: thumping

text: techno

text: rhythm

text: liquid

text: keyboard

text: lines

text: an

text: acoustic

text: chorus

text: and

text: a

text: bizarre

text: Madonna

text: rap

text: The

text: conventional

text: rock

text: songs

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: were

text: suffused

text: with

text: dramatic

text: lyrics

text: about

text: patriotism

text: and

text: composition

text: including

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: a

text: gospel

text: choir

text: in

text: the

text: song

text: Nothing

text: Fails

text: Madonna

text: returned

text: to

text: pure

text: dance

text: songs

text: with

text: Confessions

text: on

text: a

text: Dance

text: Floor

text: infusing

text: club

text: beats

text: and

text: retro

text: music

text: with

text: the

text: lyrics

text: about

text: paradoxical

text: metaphors

text: and

text: reference

text: to

text: her

text: earlier

text: works

text: Madonna

text: moved

text: to

text: urban

text: direction

text: with

text: Hard

text: Candy

text: mixing

text: R&B

text: and

text: hip

text: hop

text: music

text: with

text: dance

text: tunes

text: MDNA

text: largely

text: focused

text: in

text: electronic

text: dance

text: music

text: which

text: she

text: has

text: embraced

text: since

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

question: What type of music did Madonna experimented with in Music?

answer: folk and acoustic

text: folk and acoustic

question: Most of the songs in Music are what type of songs?

answer: simple love songs,

text: simple love songs,

question: What type of songs are in Confessions of a Dance floor?

answer: dance songs

text: dance songs

question: What type of songs does Hard Candy have?

answer: urban direction

text: urban direction

question: MDNA focuses on which type of music?

answer: electronic dance music

text: electronic dance music


text: Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Because

text: it

text: was

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: national

text: capital

text: many

text: structures

text: were

text: built

text: around

text: that

text: time

text: Even

text: today

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: still

text: remain

text: which

text: are

text: open

text: to

text: tourists

question: What was the designation of Nanjing?

answer: the national capital

text: the national capital

question: What happened around the time that Nanjing was designated as the capital?

answer: many structures were built

text: many structures were built

question: Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?

answer: some of them still remain

text: some of them still remain

question: The structures that still remain are open to whom?

answer: tourists

text: tourists


text: The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: making

text: beer

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: brewing

text: A

text: dedicated

text: building

text: for

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: beer

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: brewery

text: though

text: beer

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: home

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: A

text: company

text: that

text: makes

text: beer

text: is

text: called

text: either

text: a

text: brewery

text: or

text: a

text: brewing

text: company

text: Beer

text: made

text: on

text: a

text: domestic

text: scale

text: for

text: non

text: commercial

text: reasons

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: homebrewing

text: regardless

text: of

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: made

text: though

text: most

text: homebrewed

text: beer

text: is

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: home

text: Brewing

text: beer

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: legislation

text: and

text: taxation

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: which

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: largely

text: restricted

text: brewing

text: to

text: a

text: commercial

text: operation

text: only

text: However

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: relaxed

text: legislation

text: in

text: followed

text: by

text: Australia

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: US

text: in

text: allowing

text: homebrewing

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: popular

text: hobby

question: What is the process of making beer called?

answer: brewing

text: brewing

question: What is a building called that is used for making beer?

answer: a brewery

text: a brewery

question: What is company that makes beer typically known as?

answer: a brewing company

text: a brewing company

question: What is beer classified as when it is made for non-commerical consumption?

answer: homebrewing

text: homebrewing

question: In what year was home brewing first allowed in the UK?

answer: 1963

question: In 1973 what did Australia allow?

text: homebrewing to become a popular hobby

question: The US was the last contry to allow homebrewing in which year?

question: A commercial building for brewing beer is called what?

text: brewery

question: Brewing beer is subject to what in all countries?

text: legislation and taxation

question: What country relaxed brewing legislation in 1936?

text: the UK

question: What country relaxed brewing legislation in 1927?

text: Australia

question: What country relaxed brewing legislation in 1987?

text: US

question: What became a hobby in the US due to relaxed laws in 1987?

text: homebrewing