text: Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warfare or professional soldiers during the Uruk period, and towns were generally unwalled. During this period Uruk became the most urbanized city in the world, surpassing for the first time 50,000 inhabitants.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: Sumerian

text: cities

text: during

text: the

text: Uruk

text: period

text: were

text: probably

text: theocratic

text: and

text: were

text: most

text: likely

text: headed

text: by

text: a

text: priest

text: king

text: ensi

text: assisted

text: by

text: a

text: council

text: of

text: elders

text: including

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: It

text: is

text: quite

text: possible

text: that

text: the

text: later

text: Sumerian

text: pantheon

text: was

text: modeled

text: upon

text: this

text: political

text: structure

text: There

text: was

text: little

text: evidence

text: of

text: organized

text: warfare

text: or

text: professional

text: soldiers

text: during

text: the

text: Uruk

text: period

text: and

text: towns

text: were

text: generally

text: unwalled

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: Uruk

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: urbanized

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: surpassing

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: inhabitants

question: What is an "ensi"?

answer: priest-king

text: priest-king

question: What type of leadership did Sumerian cities during the Uruk period probably have?

answer: theocratic

text: theocratic

question: Who assisted the ensi?

answer: a council of elders

text: a council of elders

question: What was the most urbanized city in the world at the time?

answer: Uruk

text: Uruk

question: Over how many people lived in Uruk?

answer: 50,000

question: When were Sumerian cities lead by a council of elders?

text: Uruk period

question: What was the Sumerian political structure based on?

text: Sumerian pantheon

question: During what period did Sumeria develop professional soldiers?

text: Uruk period

question: How many inhabitants did Sumeria have during the Uruk period?

text: 50,000 inhabitants


text: Modern separation techniques such as milling, centrifugation, and pressing have enabled concentration of particular components of food, yielding flour, oils, juices, and so on, and even separate fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Inevitably, such large-scale concentration changes the nutritional content of food, saving certain nutrients while removing others. Heating techniques may also reduce food's content of many heat-labile nutrients such as certain vitamins and phytochemicals, and possibly other yet-to-be-discovered substances. Because of reduced nutritional value, processed foods are often 'enriched' or 'fortified' with some of the most critical nutrients (usually certain vitamins) that were lost during processing. Nonetheless, processed foods tend to have an inferior nutritional profile compared to whole, fresh foods, regarding content of both sugar and high GI starches, potassium/sodium, vitamins, fiber, and of intact, unoxidized (essential) fatty acids. In addition, processed foods often contain potentially harmful substances such as oxidized fats and trans fatty acids.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Modern

text: separation

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: milling

text: centrifugation

text: and

text: pressing

text: have

text: enabled

text: concentration

text: of

text: particular

text: components

text: of

text: food

text: yielding

text: flour

text: oils

text: juices

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: and

text: even

text: separate

text: fatty

text: acids

text: amino

text: acids

text: vitamins

text: and

text: minerals

text: Inevitably

text: such

text: large

text: scale

text: concentration

text: changes

text: the

text: nutritional

text: content

text: of

text: food

text: saving

text: certain

text: nutrients

text: while

text: removing

text: others

text: Heating

text: techniques

text: may

text: also

text: reduce

text: food

text: 's

text: content

text: of

text: many

text: heat

text: labile

text: nutrients

text: such

text: as

text: certain

text: vitamins

text: and

text: phytochemicals

text: and

text: possibly

text: other

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: discovered

text: substances

text: Because

text: of

text: reduced

text: nutritional

text: value

text: processed

text: foods

text: are

text: often

text: enriched

text: or

text: fortified

text: with

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: critical

text: nutrients

text: usually

text: certain

text: vitamins

text: that

text: were

text: lost

text: during

text: processing

text: Nonetheless

text: processed

text: foods

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: inferior

text: nutritional

text: profile

text: compared

text: to

text: whole

text: fresh

text: foods

text: regarding

text: content

text: of

text: both

text: sugar

text: and

text: high

text: GI

text: starches

text: potassium

text: sodium

text: vitamins

text: fiber

text: and

text: of

text: intact

text: unoxidized

text: essential

text: fatty

text: acids

text: In

text: addition

text: processed

text: foods

text: often

text: contain

text: potentially

text: harmful

text: substances

text: such

text: as

text: oxidized

text: fats

text: and

text: trans

text: fatty

text: acids

question: Centrifugation and pressing are prime examples of what?

answer: Modern separation techniques

text: Modern separation techniques

question: An unfortunate side effect of concentrating food components is that it causes what change in the food?

answer: nutritional content

text: nutritional content

question: What kind of nutritional value do the processed foods have in comparison to their fresh variants?

answer: reduced

text: reduced

question: What is another term other than 'fortified' that can be used to describe the addition of nutrients to processed food?

answer: enriched

text: enriched

question: Outside of oxidized fats, what is another substance that is deemed harmful that can be found in processed foods?

answer: trans fatty acids

text: trans fatty acids


text: The FAA has been cited as an example of regulatory capture, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent Joseph Gutheinz, who used to be a Special Agent with the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation and with FAA Security, is one of the most outspoken critics of FAA. Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer. At $25,000 per violation, Gutheinz said, airlines can justify rolling the dice and taking the chance on getting caught. He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots." Other experts have been critical of the constraints and expectations under which the FAA is expected to operate. The dual role of encouraging aerospace travel and regulating aerospace travel are contradictory. For example, to levy a heavy penalty upon an airline for violating an FAA regulation which would impact their ability to continue operating would not be considered encouraging aerospace travel.

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

text: The

text: FAA

text: has

text: been

text: cited

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: regulatory

text: capture

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: airline

text: industry

text: openly

text: dictates

text: to

text: its

text: regulators

text: its

text: governing

text: rules

text: arranging

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: beneficial

text: regulation

text: but

text: placing

text: key

text: people

text: to

text: head

text: these

text: regulators

text: Retired

text: NASA

text: Office

text: of

text: Inspector

text: General

text: Senior

text: Special

text: Agent

text: Joseph

text: Gutheinz

text: who

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Special

text: Agent

text: with

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Inspector

text: General

text: for

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Transportation

text: and

text: with

text: FAA

text: Security

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: outspoken

text: critics

text: of

text: FAA

text: Rather

text: than

text: commend

text: the

text: agency

text: for

text: proposing

text: a

text: million

text: fine

text: against

text: Southwest

text: Airlines

text: for

text: its

text: failure

text: to

text: conduct

text: mandatory

text: inspections

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: quoted

text: as

text: saying

text: the

text: following

text: in

text: an

text: Associated

text: Press

text: story

text: Penalties

text: against

text: airlines

text: that

text: violate

text: FAA

text: directives

text: should

text: be

text: stiffer

text: At

text: per

text: violation

text: Gutheinz

text: said

text: airlines

text: can

text: justify

text: rolling

text: the

text: dice

text: and

text: taking

text: the

text: chance

text: on

text: getting

text: caught

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: the

text: FAA

text: is

text: often

text: too

text: quick

text: to

text: bend

text: to

text: pressure

text: from

text: airlines

text: and

text: pilots

text: Other

text: experts

text: have

text: been

text: critical

text: of

text: the

text: constraints

text: and

text: expectations

text: under

text: which

text: the

text: FAA

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: operate

text: The

text: dual

text: role

text: of

text: encouraging

text: aerospace

text: travel

text: and

text: regulating

text: aerospace

text: travel

text: are

text: contradictory

text: For

text: example

text: to

text: levy

text: a

text: heavy

text: penalty

text: upon

text: an

text: airline

text: for

text: violating

text: an

text: FAA

text: regulation

text: which

text: would

text: impact

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: continue

text: operating

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: considered

text: encouraging

text: aerospace

text: travel

question: What retired NASA Office of inspector general is outspoken about the FAA?

answer: Joseph Gutheinz

text: Joseph Gutheinz

question: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?

answer: $25,000

question: A heavy penalty for violating FAA reulations could said to be do what?

answer: impact their ability to continue operating

text: impact their ability to continue operating

question: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?

answer: $10.2 million

text: $10.2 million

question: Who used to be the Inspector General for the Department of Transportation?

text: Joseph Gutheinz

question: When did Joseph Gutheinz commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest?

question: Who said penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be $25,000?

text: Joseph Gutheinz

question: What would be considered encouraging aerospace travel?

text: levy a heavy penalty

question: When did Southwest conduct mandatory inspections.


text: Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti. According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give to his leader, thus proving his bravery." However, Robert Louis Stevenson, who lived in Samoa from 1889 until his death in 1894, wrote in A Footnote to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa, "… the Samoans are gentle people."

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: Mission

text: work

text: in

text: Samoa

text: had

text: begun

text: in

text: late

text: by

text: John

text: Williams

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: Missionary

text: Society

text: arriving

text: in

text: Sapapali'i

text: from

text: The

text: Cook

text: Islands

text: and

text: Tahiti

text: According

text: to

text: Barbara

text: A.

text: West

text: The

text: Samoans

text: were

text: also

text: known

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: headhunting

text: a

text: ritual

text: of

text: war

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: warrior

text: took

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: his

text: slain

text: opponent

text: to

text: give

text: to

text: his

text: leader

text: thus

text: proving

text: his

text: bravery

text: However

text: Robert

text: Louis

text: Stevenson

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: Samoa

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: wrote

text: in

text: A

text: Footnote

text: to

text: History

text: Eight

text: Years

text: of

text: Trouble

text: in

text: Samoa

text: the

text: Samoans

text: are

text: gentle

text: people

question: Who was the first missionary in Samoa?

answer: John Williams

text: John Williams

question: What English organization did John Williams belong to?

answer: London Missionary Society

text: London Missionary Society

question: What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in?

answer: headhunting

text: headhunting

question: What notable author who lived in Samoa called the Samoans "gentle people"?

answer: Robert Louis Stevenson

text: Robert Louis Stevenson

question: In what year did Robert Louis Stevenson die?

answer: 1894

question: What work did Barbara A. West do in the late 1830's?

text: Mission work

question: What group was Barbara A. West a member of?

text: the London Missionary Society

question: What ritual did Robert Lewis Stevenson say that the Samoans engaged in?

text: ‘headhunting'

question: What year did John Williams die?

question: What work was written by John Williams about the people of Samoa?


text: It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's Subway Series which used to be played solely as exhibitions for bragging rights are now blended into interleague play. The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: It

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: commonplace

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: team

text: play

text: an

text: exhibition

text: against

text: Minor

text: League

text: affiliates

text: during

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: but

text: worries

text: of

text: injuries

text: to

text: players

text: along

text: with

text: travel

text: issues

text: have

text: made

text: this

text: very

text: rare

text: Exhibitions

text: between

text: inter

text: city

text: teams

text: in

text: different

text: leagues

text: like

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: Crosstown

text: Classic

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Subway

text: Series

text: which

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: solely

text: as

text: exhibitions

text: for

text: bragging

text: rights

text: are

text: now

text: blended

text: into

text: interleague

text: play

text: The

text: annual

text: MLB

text: All

text: Star

text: Game

text: played

text: in

text: July

text: between

text: players

text: from

text: AL

text: teams

text: and

text: players

text: from

text: NL

text: teams

text: was

text: long

text: considered

text: an

text: exhibition

text: match

text: but

text: as

text: of

text: this

text: status

text: was

text: questioned

text: because

text: the

text: league

text: whose

text: team

text: wins

text: the

text: All

text: Star

text: game

text: has

text: been

text: awarded

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: for

text: the

text: upcoming

text: World

text: Series

question: What concerns have reduced Minor League exhibition games?

answer: worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues

text: worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues

question: What inter-city exhibition game did Chicago have?

answer: Crosstown Classic

text: Crosstown Classic

question: What inter-city exhibition game did New York have?

answer: Subway Series

text: Subway Series

question: In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held?

answer: July

text: July

question: What did the MLB All-Star winning team gain in the World Series?

answer: home field advantage

text: home field advantage

question: What kind of exhibition game is still popular between major and minor league teams?

question: What made these type of exhibition games more popular?

question: What kind of play is now for bragging rights only

text: interleague play

question: What does the loser of the All-Star game get the following year

text: home field advantage

question: What game between two AL teams is considered an exhibition gave

text: MLB All-Star Game


text: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in summer and spring, Estonians like to eat everything fresh – berries, herbs, vegetables, and everything else that comes straight from the garden. Hunting and fishing have also been very common, although currently hunting and fishing are enjoyed mostly as hobbies. Today, it is also very popular to grill outside in summer.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Historically

text: the

text: cuisine

text: of

text: Estonia

text: has

text: been

text: heavily

text: dependent

text: on

text: seasons

text: and

text: simple

text: peasant

text: food

text: which

text: today

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: many

text: countries

text: Today

text: it

text: includes

text: many

text: typical

text: international

text: foods.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: most

text: typical

text: foods

text: in

text: Estonia

text: are

text: black

text: bread

text: pork

text: potatoes

text: and

text: dairy

text: products

text: Traditionally

text: in

text: summer

text: and

text: spring

text: Estonians

text: like

text: to

text: eat

text: everything

text: fresh

text: berries

text: herbs

text: vegetables

text: and

text: everything

text: else

text: that

text: comes

text: straight

text: from

text: the

text: garden

text: Hunting

text: and

text: fishing

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: very

text: common

text: although

text: currently

text: hunting

text: and

text: fishing

text: are

text: enjoyed

text: mostly

text: as

text: hobbies

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: very

text: popular

text: to

text: grill

text: outside

text: in

text: summer

question: What factors have influenced Estonian food for most of their history?

answer: seasons and simple peasant food

text: seasons and simple peasant food

question: What are the most common foods in Estonia?

answer: black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.

text: black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.

question: What fresh items do Estonians traditionally enjoy in summer and spring?

answer: berries, herbs, vegetables

text: berries, herbs, vegetables

question: What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture?

answer: Hunting and fishing

text: Hunting and fishing


text: One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as unconstitutional only twice prior to the Civil War: in Marbury v. Madison (1803) and Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). The Supreme Court has since then made more extensive use of judicial review.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: One

text: may

text: claim

text: that

text: the

text: judiciary

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: the

text: weakest

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: branches

text: In

text: fact

text: its

text: power

text: to

text: exercise

text: judicial

text: review

text: its

text: sole

text: meaningful

text: check

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: branches

text: is

text: not

text: explicitly

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: U.S

text: Constitution

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: exercised

text: its

text: power

text: to

text: strike

text: down

text: congressional

text: acts

text: as

text: unconstitutional

text: only

text: twice

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: Marbury

text: v.

text: Madison

text: and

text: Dred

text: Scott

text: v.

text: Sandford

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: since

text: then

text: made

text: more

text: extensive

text: use

text: of

text: judicial

text: review

question: Which branch may be historically claimed to be the strongest of the branches of government?

text: judiciary

question: Which power of the judiciary is explicitly granted in the Constitution?

text: power to exercise judicial review

question: How many times prior to Dred Scott v. Sandford had the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts?

text: twice

question: How many times before World War I has the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts?

text: twice

question: Before the Civil War, the Marbury had exercised its power to strike down what type of acts only twice?

text: congressional


text: Korea was considered to be part of the Empire of Japan as an industrialized colony along with Taiwan, and both were part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. In 1937, the colonial Governor-General, General Jirō Minami, commanded the attempted cultural assimilation of Korea's 23.5 million people by banning the use and study of Korean language, literature, and culture, to be replaced with that of mandatory use and study of their Japanese counterparts. Starting in 1939, the populace was required to use Japanese names under the Sōshi-kaimei policy. Conscription of Koreans for labor in war industries began in 1939, with as many as 2 million Koreans conscripted into either the Japanese Army or into the Japanese labor force.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Korea

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: as

text: an

text: industrialized

text: colony

text: along

text: with

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: both

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: East

text: Asia

text: Co

text: Prosperity

text: Sphere

text: In

text: the

text: colonial

text: Governor

text: General

text: General

text: Jirō

text: Minami

text: commanded

text: the

text: attempted

text: cultural

text: assimilation

text: of

text: Korea

text: 's

text: million

text: people

text: by

text: banning

text: the

text: use

text: and

text: study

text: of

text: Korean

text: language

text: literature

text: and

text: culture

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: mandatory

text: use

text: and

text: study

text: of

text: their

text: Japanese

text: counterparts

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: populace

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: use

text: Japanese

text: names

text: under

text: the

text: Sōshi

text: kaimei

text: policy

text: Conscription

text: of

text: Koreans

text: for

text: labor

text: in

text: war

text: industries

text: began

text: in

text: with

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: million

text: Koreans

text: conscripted

text: into

text: either

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: or

text: into

text: the

text: Japanese

text: labor

text: force

question: Along with Taiwan, what empire was Korea considered to be apart of?

answer: Empire of Japan

text: Empire of Japan

question: Who was the colonial Governor-General that mandated cultural assimilation of Korea's people?

answer: General Jirō Minami

text: General Jirō Minami

question: What language were the Korean people forced to learn?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: What policy forced Koreans to change their names to Japanese names?

answer: Sōshi-kaimei policy

text: Sōshi-kaimei policy

question: In 1939, what caused nearly 2 million Koreans to be forced into the labor force or the army?

answer: Conscription

text: Conscription


text: For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French "avoir" and "être". Spanish only retains "haber" and has done away with "ser" in forming compound tenses. However, when it comes to phonological structures, Italian and Spanish have undergone less change than French, with the result that some native speakers of Italian and Spanish may attain a degree of mutual comprehension that permits extensive communication.[citation needed]

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: Italian

text: and

text: French

text: words

text: for

text: various

text: foods

text: some

text: family

text: relationships

text: and

text: body

text: parts

text: are

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: yet

text: most

text: of

text: those

text: words

text: are

text: completely

text: different

text: in

text: Spanish

text: Italian

text: avere

text: and

text: essere

text: as

text: auxiliaries

text: for

text: forming

text: compound

text: tenses

text: are

text: used

text: similarly

text: to

text: French

text: avoir

text: and

text: être

text: Spanish

text: only

text: retains

text: haber

text: and

text: has

text: done

text: away

text: with

text: ser

text: in

text: forming

text: compound

text: tenses

text: However

text: when

text: it

text: comes

text: to

text: phonological

text: structures

text: Italian

text: and

text: Spanish

text: have

text: undergone

text: less

text: change

text: than

text: French

text: with

text: the

text: result

text: that

text: some

text: native

text: speakers

text: of

text: Italian

text: and

text: Spanish

text: may

text: attain

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: mutual

text: comprehension

text: that

text: permits

text: extensive

text: communication.[citation

text: needed

question: What Italian word is similar to the French word "avoir"?

answer: avere

text: avere

question: What French word is similar to the Italian word "essere"?

answer: être

text: être

question: What two languages have the possibility for significant mutual intelligibility?

answer: Italian and Spanish

text: Italian and Spanish

question: Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian?

answer: body parts

text: body parts

question: When forming compound tenses in Spanish, what auxiliary is no longer used?

answer: sere

text: sere

question: In Italian and French which words are very different while the same words are similar in Spanish?

question: Which two languages have undergone more change than French regarding phonological structures?

text: Italian and Spanish

question: What Spanish word is similar to the Italian word avere?

text: essere

question: Which Spanish word is similar to the Italian word essere?

text: avere

question: Which Italian term is similar to avoir?

text: être


text: When granting assent by commission, the sovereign authorises three or more (normally five) lords who are Privy Counsellors to grant assent in his or her name. The Lords Commissioners, as the monarch's representatives are known, wear scarlet parliamentary robes and sit on a bench between the throne and the Woolsack. The Lords Reading Clerk reads the commission aloud; the senior commissioner then states, "My Lords, in obedience to Her Majesty's Commands, and by virtue of the Commission which has been now read, We do declare and notify to you, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled, that Her Majesty has given Her Royal Assent to the several Acts in the Commission mentioned."

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: When

text: granting

text: assent

text: by

text: commission

text: the

text: sovereign

text: authorises

text: three

text: or

text: more

text: normally

text: five

text: lords

text: who

text: are

text: Privy

text: Counsellors

text: to

text: grant

text: assent

text: in

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: name

text: The

text: Lords

text: Commissioners

text: as

text: the

text: monarch

text: 's

text: representatives

text: are

text: known

text: wear

text: scarlet

text: parliamentary

text: robes

text: and

text: sit

text: on

text: a

text: bench

text: between

text: the

text: throne

text: and

text: the

text: Woolsack

text: The

text: Lords

text: Reading

text: Clerk

text: reads

text: the

text: commission

text: aloud

text: the

text: senior

text: commissioner

text: then

text: states

text: My

text: Lords

text: in

text: obedience

text: to

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Commands

text: and

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: the

text: Commission

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: now

text: read

text: We

text: do

text: declare

text: and

text: notify

text: to

text: you

text: the

text: Lords

text: Spiritual

text: and

text: Temporal

text: and

text: Commons

text: in

text: Parliament

text: assembled

text: that

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: has

text: given

text: Her

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: to

text: the

text: several

text: Acts

text: in

text: the

text: Commission

text: mentioned

question: How many lords are usually present during assent by Commissioner?

answer: five

text: five

question: What do the Lords Commissioners wear to a ceremony of assent?

answer: scarlet parliamentary robes

text: scarlet parliamentary robes

question: Which commissioner reads the formal closing statement to the assention ceremony?

answer: the senior

text: the senior

question: Which position reads the commisssion aloud during tthe ceremony?

answer: The Lords Reading Clerk

text: The Lords Reading Clerk

question: Who reads the commission silently?

text: Lords Reading Clerk

question: The junior commissioner makes a statement after whom?

text: Lords Reading Clerk

question: The king's representatives are know as whom?

text: Lords Commissioners

question: How many commoners are involved in granting assent by commission?

text: three or more (normally five)

question: Who wears blue parliamentary robes?

text: Lords Commissioners


text: The agglomeration of Kathmandu has not yet been officially defined. The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population. They have the three highest population densities in the country. Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu). Some district subdivisions remain legally villages yet are densely populated, Gonggabu VDC notably recorded a density over 20,000 people/km2. (2011 census). The following data table describes the districts considered part of the agglomeration:

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: agglomeration

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: has

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: officially

text: defined

text: The

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: valley

text: is

text: split

text: among

text: three

text: different

text: districts

text: collections

text: of

text: local

text: government

text: units

text: within

text: a

text: zone

text: which

text: extend

text: very

text: little

text: beyond

text: the

text: valley

text: fringe

text: except

text: towards

text: the

text: southern

text: ranges

text: which

text: have

text: comparatively

text: small

text: population

text: They

text: have

text: the

text: three

text: highest

text: population

text: densities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Within

text: the

text: districts

text: lie

text: VDCs

text: villages

text: municipalities

text: Bhaktapur

text: Kirtipur

text: Madhyapur

text: Thimi

text: sub

text: metropolitan

text: city

text: Lalitpur

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: city

text: Kathmandu

text: Some

text: district

text: subdivisions

text: remain

text: legally

text: villages

text: yet

text: are

text: densely

text: populated

text: Gonggabu

text: VDC

text: notably

text: recorded

text: a

text: density

text: over

text: people

text: census

text: The

text: following

text: data

text: table

text: describes

text: the

text: districts

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: agglomeration

question: How many districts make up the Kathmandu Valley urban area?

answer: three

text: three

question: What are Madhyapur Thimi, Kirtipur and Bhaktapur?

answer: municipalities

text: municipalities

question: How many sub-metropolitan cities are present in the districts that make up the Kathmandu valley?

answer: 1

question: About how many people live in a square kilometer in Gonggabu VDC?

answer: 20,000

question: What is another term for VDCs?

answer: villages

text: villages


text: Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the transition into adulthood or the entrance into adolescence. This transition may be accompanied by obvious physical changes, which can vary from a change in clothing to tattoos and scarification. Furthermore, transitions into adulthood may also vary by gender, and specific rituals may be more common for males or for females. This illuminates the extent to which adolescence is, at least in part, a social construction; it takes shape differently depending on the cultural context, and may be enforced more by cultural practices or transitions than by universal chemical or biological physical changes.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Some

text: examples

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: religious

text: transition

text: ceremonies

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: other

text: cultures

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: are

text: Confirmation

text: Bar

text: and

text: Bat

text: Mitzvahs

text: Quinceañeras

text: sweet

text: sixteens

text: cotillions

text: and

text: débutante

text: balls

text: In

text: other

text: countries

text: initiation

text: ceremonies

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: marking

text: the

text: transition

text: into

text: adulthood

text: or

text: the

text: entrance

text: into

text: adolescence

text: This

text: transition

text: may

text: be

text: accompanied

text: by

text: obvious

text: physical

text: changes

text: which

text: can

text: vary

text: from

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: clothing

text: to

text: tattoos

text: and

text: scarification

text: Furthermore

text: transitions

text: into

text: adulthood

text: may

text: also

text: vary

text: by

text: gender

text: and

text: specific

text: rituals

text: may

text: be

text: more

text: common

text: for

text: males

text: or

text: for

text: females

text: This

text: illuminates

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: adolescence

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: part

text: a

text: social

text: construction

text: it

text: takes

text: shape

text: differently

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: cultural

text: context

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: enforced

text: more

text: by

text: cultural

text: practices

text: or

text: transitions

text: than

text: by

text: universal

text: chemical

text: or

text: biological

text: physical

text: changes

question: What are a few examples of social and religious transition ceremonies?

answer: Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls

text: Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls

question: What are some physical ways that some cultures mark the transition into adulthood?

answer: tattoos and scarification

text: tattoos and scarification

question: Do cultural transitions into adulthood vary, or are they the same?

answer: vary

text: vary


text: The British government was close to bankruptcy, and Britain now faced the delicate task of pacifying its new French-Canadian subjects as well as the many American Indian tribes who had supported France. George III's Proclamation of 1763, which forbade white settlement beyond the crest of the Appalachians, was intended to appease the latter but led to considerable outrage in the Thirteen Colonies, whose inhabitants were eager to acquire native lands. The Quebec Act of 1774, similarly intended to win over the loyalty of French Canadians, also spurred resentment among American colonists. The act protected Catholic religion and French language, which enraged the Americans, but the Québécois remained loyal and did not rebel.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: British

text: government

text: was

text: close

text: to

text: bankruptcy

text: and

text: Britain

text: now

text: faced

text: the

text: delicate

text: task

text: of

text: pacifying

text: its

text: new

text: French

text: Canadian

text: subjects

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: many

text: American

text: Indian

text: tribes

text: who

text: had

text: supported

text: France

text: George

text: III

text: 's

text: Proclamation

text: of

text: which

text: forbade

text: white

text: settlement

text: beyond

text: the

text: crest

text: of

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: appease

text: the

text: latter

text: but

text: led

text: to

text: considerable

text: outrage

text: in

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Colonies

text: whose

text: inhabitants

text: were

text: eager

text: to

text: acquire

text: native

text: lands

text: The

text: Quebec

text: Act

text: of

text: similarly

text: intended

text: to

text: win

text: over

text: the

text: loyalty

text: of

text: French

text: Canadians

text: also

text: spurred

text: resentment

text: among

text: American

text: colonists

text: The

text: act

text: protected

text: Catholic

text: religion

text: and

text: French

text: language

text: which

text: enraged

text: the

text: Americans

text: but

text: the

text: Québécois

text: remained

text: loyal

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: rebel

question: Who was George III trying to please with the Proclamation of 1763?

answer: American Indian tribes

text: American Indian tribes

question: Who was aggravated by the Proclamation of 1763?

answer: outrage in the Thirteen Colonies, whose inhabitants were eager to acquire native lands

text: outrage in the Thirteen Colonies, whose inhabitants were eager to acquire native lands

question: Who did George III try to please with the Quebec Act of 1774?

answer: French Canadians

text: French Canadians

question: How did the Quebec Act of 1774 affect religion?

answer: The act protected Catholic religion

text: The act protected Catholic religion

question: What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do about language?

answer: The act protected Catholic religion and French language

text: The act protected Catholic religion and French language


text: In November 2004, following a period of turmoil caused by the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves, it was announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure, creating a new parent company to be named Royal Dutch Shell plc, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchange, a secondary listing on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, its headquarters and tax residency in The Hague, Netherlands and its registered office in London. The unification was completed on 20 July 2005 and the original owners delisted their companies from the respective exchanges. On 20 July 2005, the Shell Transport & Trading Company plc was delisted from the LSE, where as, Royal Dutch Petroleum Company from NYSE on 18 November 2005. The shares of the company were issued at a 60/40 advantage for the shareholders of Royal Dutch in line with the original ownership of the Shell Group.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: In

text: November

text: following

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: turmoil

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: revelation

text: that

text: Shell

text: had

text: been

text: overstating

text: its

text: oil

text: reserves

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: Shell

text: Group

text: would

text: move

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: capital

text: structure

text: creating

text: a

text: new

text: parent

text: company

text: to

text: be

text: named

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Shell

text: plc

text: with

text: its

text: primary

text: listing

text: on

text: the

text: London

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: a

text: secondary

text: listing

text: on

text: the

text: Amsterdam

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: its

text: headquarters

text: and

text: tax

text: residency

text: in

text: The

text: Hague

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: its

text: registered

text: office

text: in

text: London

text: The

text: unification

text: was

text: completed

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: the

text: original

text: owners

text: delisted

text: their

text: companies

text: from

text: the

text: respective

text: exchanges

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Shell

text: Transport

text: Trading

text: Company

text: plc

text: was

text: delisted

text: from

text: the

text: LSE

text: where

text: as

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Petroleum

text: Company

text: from

text: NYSE

text: on

text: November

text: The

text: shares

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: were

text: issued

text: at

text: a

text: advantage

text: for

text: the

text: shareholders

text: of

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: ownership

text: of

text: the

text: Shell

text: Group

question: In what year was it announced that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure?

answer: 2004

question: What was the name of the Shell Group's new parent company?

answer: Royal Dutch Shell plc

text: Royal Dutch Shell plc

question: On what exchange was the Shell Group's new parent company primarily listed?

answer: the London Stock Exchange

text: the London Stock Exchange

question: Where was the Royal Dutch Shell plc headquartered?

answer: The Hague, Netherlands

text: The Hague, Netherlands

question: What was the cause of the period of turmoil prior to the announcement that the Shell Group would move to a single capital structure?

answer: the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves

text: the revelation that Shell had been overstating its oil reserves

question: When was it discovered Shell had been overstating its oil reserves?

text: November 2004

question: When was Shell listed on the LSE?

text: 20 July 2005

question: When was Royal Dutch Petroleum added to the NYSE?

text: 18 November 2005

question: Contrary to the original ownership, shareholders were given what disadvantage of the Shell group?

question: What Netherlands city housed the registered office?

text: London


text: In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: seek

text: out

text: the

text: Karmapa

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: dispatched

text: his

text: eunuch

text: Hou

text: Xian

text: and

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: monk

text: Zhi

text: Guang

text: d.

text: to

text: Tibet

text: Traveling

text: to

text: Lhasa

text: either

text: through

text: Qinghai

text: or

text: via

text: the

text: Silk

text: Road

text: to

text: Khotan

text: Hou

text: Xian

text: and

text: Zhi

text: Guang

text: did

text: not

text: return

text: to

text: Nanjing

text: until

question: Who did the Yongle Emperor send to Tibet?

answer: Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang

text: Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang

question: Why did the Yongle Emperor send Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet?

answer: to seek out the Karmapa

text: to seek out the Karmapa

question: When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing?

answer: 1407

question: Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel through on their way to the Karmapa?

answer: through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan

text: through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan


text: The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university, and the following year the university was officially organized. The school's Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, which is the event that KU dates its founding from. Work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: The

text: site

text: selected

text: for

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: a

text: hill

text: known

text: as

text: Mount

text: Oread

text: which

text: was

text: owned

text: by

text: former

text: Kansas

text: Governor

text: Charles

text: L.

text: Robinson

text: Robinson

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Sara

text: bestowed

text: the

text: ha

text: site

text: to

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Kansas

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: land

text: elsewhere

text: The

text: philanthropist

text: Amos

text: Adams

text: Lawrence

text: donated

text: of

text: the

text: necessary

text: endowment

text: fund

text: and

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: Lawrence

text: raised

text: the

text: remaining

text: cash

text: by

text: issuing

text: notes

text: backed

text: by

text: Governor

text: Carney

text: On

text: November

text: Governor

text: Carney

text: announced

text: that

text: Lawrence

text: had

text: met

text: the

text: conditions

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: state

text: university

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: officially

text: organized

text: The

text: school

text: 's

text: Board

text: of

text: Regents

text: held

text: its

text: first

text: meeting

text: in

text: March

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: event

text: that

text: KU

text: dates

text: its

text: founding

text: from

text: Work

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: college

text: building

text: began

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: The

text: university

text: opened

text: for

text: classes

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: class

text: graduated

text: in

question: On what geographic feature was KU built?

answer: Mount Oread

text: Mount Oread

question: Who did the site of KU's construction originally belong to?

answer: Charles L. Robinson

text: Charles L. Robinson

question: Who provided the majority of the money needed to secure the site of the University of Kansas?

answer: Amos Adams Lawrence

text: Amos Adams Lawrence

question: What was the governing body of KU?

answer: Board of Regents

text: Board of Regents

question: What was the year in which KU's first roster of students graduated?

answer: 1873

question: On what geographic feature was KU torn down?

text: Mount Oread

question: Who did the site of UK's construction originally belong to?

text: Charles L. Robinson

question: Who provided the minority of the money needed to secure the site of the University of Kansas?

text: Amos Adams Lawrence

question: What was the non-governing body of KU?

text: Board of Regents

question: What was the year in which KU's final roster of students graduated?


text: The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: The

text: overcrowded

text: conditions

text: of

text: the

text: library

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: reasons

text: why

text: the

text: RIBA

text: moved

text: from

text: Conduit

text: Street

text: to

text: larger

text: premises

text: at

text: Portland

text: Place

text: in

text: The

text: library

text: remained

text: open

text: throughout

text: World

text: War

text: Two

text: and

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: shelter

text: the

text: archives

text: of

text: Modernist

text: architect

text: Adolf

text: Loos

text: during

text: the

text: war

question: What was the RIBA Library's first address?

answer: 9 Conduit Street

text: 9 Conduit Street

question: Where did RIBA move its library?

answer: 66 Portland Place

text: 66 Portland Place

question: In what year did RIBA move its library?

answer: 1934

question: Which architect's work was preserved throughout World War II by the Royal Institute's Library?

answer: Adolf Loos

text: Adolf Loos

question: What was the RIBA Library's fourth address?

text: 9 Conduit Street

question: Where did RIBA name its library?

text: 66 Portland Place

question: What year did RIBA design its library?

question: Which architect's work was lost during World War II by the Royal Institute's Library?

text: Adolf Loos


text: The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: The

text: capital

text: is

text: Nashville

text: though

text: Knoxville

text: Kingston

text: and

text: Murfreesboro

text: have

text: all

text: served

text: as

text: state

text: capitals

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: Memphis

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: of

text: any

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Nashville

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: largest

text: since

text: c.

text: Chattanooga

text: and

text: Knoxville

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: near

text: the

text: Great

text: Smoky

text: Mountains

text: each

text: has

text: approximately

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Memphis

text: or

text: Nashville

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Clarksville

text: is

text: a

text: fifth

text: significant

text: population

text: center

text: some

text: miles

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: Nashville

text: Murfreesboro

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Tennessee

text: consisting

text: of

text: some

text: residents

question: Which cities other than Knoxville have been the capital of Tennessee?

answer: Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro

text: Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro

question: How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?

answer: 13

question: What distance in miles is Clarksville, TN from Nashville?

answer: 45

question: Which city is Tennessee's sixth largest by population?

answer: Murfreesboro

text: Murfreesboro

question: Which two of the six most populous Tennessee cities are nearest the Great Smoky Mountains?

answer: Chattanooga and Knoxville

text: Chattanooga and Knoxville


text: Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: Hoover

text: began

text: using

text: wiretapping

text: in

text: the

text: during

text: Prohibition

text: to

text: arrest

text: bootleggers

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: Olmstead

text: v.

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: bootlegger

text: was

text: caught

text: through

text: telephone

text: tapping

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: ruled

text: that

text: FBI

text: wiretaps

text: did

text: not

text: violate

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Amendment

text: as

text: unlawful

text: search

text: and

text: seizure

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: the

text: FBI

text: did

text: not

text: break

text: into

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: home

text: to

text: complete

text: the

text: tapping

text: After

text: Prohibition

text: 's

text: repeal

text: Congress

text: passed

text: the

text: Communications

text: Act

text: of

text: which

text: outlawed

text: non

text: consensual

text: phone

text: tapping

text: but

text: allowed

text: bugging

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: Nardone

text: v.

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: court

text: ruled

text: that

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: law

text: evidence

text: the

text: FBI

text: obtained

text: by

text: phone

text: tapping

text: was

text: inadmissible

text: in

text: court

text: After

text: the

text: case

text: Katz

text: v.

text: United

text: States

text: overturned

text: the

text: case

text: that

text: had

text: allowed

text: bugging

text: Congress

text: passed

text: the

text: Omnibus

text: Crime

text: Control

text: Act

text: allowing

text: public

text: authorities

text: to

text: tap

text: telephones

text: during

text: investigations

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: obtain

text: a

text: warrant

text: beforehand

question: What tool did Hoover use to find bootleggers?

answer: wiretapping

text: wiretapping

question: In what supreme court case was it ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment?

answer: Olmstead v. United States

text: Olmstead v. United States

question: What Act did Congress pass to outlaw non-consensual phone tapping?

answer: Communications Act of 1934

text: Communications Act of 1934

question: In what case was it ruled that evidence obtained by the FBI via wiretapping was inadmissible in court?

answer: Nardone v. United States

text: Nardone v. United States

question: What is now necessary to tap someone's telephone?

answer: a warrant

text: a warrant

question: Which president was the first to use wiretaps to find bootleggers?

answer: Hoover

text: Hoover

question: What case centered around a bootlegger caught through phone tapping?

answer: Olmstead v. United States

text: Olmstead v. United States

question: What did Congress pass to outlaw phone tapping?

answer: Communications Act of 1934

text: Communications Act of 1934

question: What is now required to wire tap a citizen?

answer: a warrant

text: a warrant

question: Is a warrant required before or after a wiretap?

answer: beforehand

text: beforehand

question: When did Hoover stop using wiretapping?

question: In what case did the United States Supreme Court rule that wiretaps are always unlawful?

text: Olmstead v. United States

question: What act did Congress pass that legalized non-consensual phone tapping?

text: Communications Act of 1934

question: In what year did the Supreme Court rule that evidence obtained by phone tapping was admissible in court?

question: What act of Congress allowed authorities to tap telephones without a warrant?

text: Omnibus Crime Control Act


text: The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. The Amorite "dynasty of Isin" persisted until c. 1700 BC, when Mesopotamia was united under Babylonian rule. The Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) population.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: Sumerian

text: city

text: states

text: rose

text: to

text: power

text: during

text: the

text: prehistoric

text: Ubaid

text: and

text: Uruk

text: periods

text: Sumerian

text: written

text: history

text: reaches

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: before

text: but

text: the

text: historical

text: record

text: remains

text: obscure

text: until

text: the

text: Early

text: Dynastic

text: III

text: period

text: c.

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: when

text: a

text: now

text: deciphered

text: syllabary

text: writing

text: system

text: was

text: developed

text: which

text: has

text: allowed

text: archaeologists

text: to

text: read

text: contemporary

text: records

text: and

text: inscriptions

text: Classical

text: Sumer

text: ends

text: with

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Following

text: the

text: Gutian

text: period

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: brief

text: Sumerian

text: Renaissance

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: cut

text: short

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: by

text: Semitic

text: Amorite

text: invasions

text: The

text: Amorite

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Isin

text: persisted

text: until

text: c.

text: BC

text: when

text: Mesopotamia

text: was

text: united

text: under

text: Babylonian

text: rule

text: The

text: Sumerians

text: were

text: eventually

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: Assyro

text: Babylonian

text: population

question: During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?

answer: prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk

text: prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk

question: What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?

answer: Sumerian written history

text: Sumerian written history

question: What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions?

answer: syllabary writing system

text: syllabary writing system

question: When does Classical Sumer end?

answer: rise of the Akkadian Empire

text: rise of the Akkadian Empire

question: What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC?

answer: Semitic Amorite invasions

text: Semitic Amorite invasions

question: What city-states declined during the Ubaid and Uruk periods?

text: Sumerian

question: What history goes back to 2700's BC?

text: Sumerian written history

question: What was obscure until 2300 BC?

text: the historical record

question: What Empire came to power in 2300 BC?

text: Akkadian Empire

question: What dynasty lasted until the 17th century BC?

text: dynasty of Isin


text: Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoors activities. The city has numerous marinas, rivers, bays, canals, and the Atlantic Ocean, which make boating, sailing, and fishing popular outdoors activities. Biscayne Bay has numerous coral reefs which make snorkeling and scuba diving popular. There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city. The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Bicentennial Park (located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the American Airlines Arena and Bayside Marketplace), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Morningside Park, Virginia Key, and Watson Island.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: 's

text: tropical

text: weather

text: allows

text: for

text: year

text: round

text: outdoors

text: activities

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: numerous

text: marinas

text: rivers

text: bays

text: canals

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: which

text: make

text: boating

text: sailing

text: and

text: fishing

text: popular

text: outdoors

text: activities

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: has

text: numerous

text: coral

text: reefs

text: which

text: make

text: snorkeling

text: and

text: scuba

text: diving

text: popular

text: There

text: are

text: over

text: parks

text: and

text: gardens

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: popular

text: parks

text: are

text: Bayfront

text: Park

text: and

text: Bicentennial

text: Park

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: Downtown

text: and

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Airlines

text: Arena

text: and

text: Bayside

text: Marketplace

text: Tropical

text: Park

text: Peacock

text: Park

text: Morningside

text: Park

text: Virginia

text: Key

text: and

text: Watson

text: Island

question: How many gardens and parks are in Miami?

answer: 80

question: In what park is the American Airlines Arena located?

answer: Bicentennial

text: Bicentennial

question: Due to the presence of coral reefs, what activities are popular in Biscayne Bay?

answer: snorkeling and scuba diving

text: snorkeling and scuba diving

question: In what neighborhood is Bicentennial Park located?

answer: Downtown

text: Downtown

question: Why can outdoor activities take place all year in Miami?

answer: tropical weather

text: tropical weather

question: How many gardens and parks aren't in Miami?

question: Outside of what park is the American Airlines Arena located?

text: Bicentennial

question: Due to the presence of coral reefs, what activities are unpopular in Biscayne Bay?

text: snorkeling and scuba diving

question: In what neighborhood is Bicentennial Park not located?

text: Downtown

question: Why can indoor activities take place all year in Miami?

text: tropical weather


text: Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Many

text: scripts

text: including

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Devanagari

text: have

text: special

text: orthographic

text: rules

text: that

text: require

text: certain

text: combinations

text: of

text: letterforms

text: to

text: be

text: combined

text: into

text: special

text: ligature

text: forms

text: The

text: rules

text: governing

text: ligature

text: formation

text: can

text: be

text: quite

text: complex

text: requiring

text: special

text: script

text: shaping

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: ACE

text: Arabic

text: Calligraphic

text: Engine

text: by

text: DecoType

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: generate

text: all

text: the

text: Arabic

text: examples

text: in

text: the

text: printed

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: Unicode

text: Standard

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: proof

text: of

text: concept

text: for

text: OpenType

text: by

text: Adobe

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: Graphite

text: by

text: SIL

text: International

text: or

text: AAT

text: by

text: Apple

question: What does ACE stand for?

answer: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

text: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

question: Who created ACE?

answer: DecoType

text: DecoType

question: When was ACE created?

answer: 1980s

question: Who created OpenType?

answer: Adobe and Microsoft

text: Adobe and Microsoft

question: Who created Graphite?

answer: SIL International

text: SIL International

question: When was OpenType created?

question: What does AAT stand for?

text: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

question: Who partnered with SIL International?

text: Apple

question: Which two companies produced DecoType?

text: Adobe and Microsoft

question: What are two examples of scripts without orthographic rules?

text: Arabic and Devanagari


text: The treaty was published in the United States for the first time by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch on May 22, 1946, in Britain by the Manchester Guardian. It was also part of an official State Department publication, Nazi–Soviet Relations 1939–1941, edited by Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie in January 1948. The decision to publish the key documents on German–Soviet relations, including the treaty and protocol, had been taken already in spring 1947. Sontag and Beddie prepared the collection throughout the summer of 1947. In November 1947, President Truman personally approved the publication but it was held back in view of the Foreign Ministers Conference in London scheduled for December. Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view, the document edition was sent to press. The documents made headlines worldwide. State Department officials counted it as a success: "The Soviet Government was caught flat-footed in what was the first effective blow from our side in a clear-cut propaganda war."

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: The

text: treaty

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: by

text: the

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Post

text: Dispatch

text: on

text: May

text: in

text: Britain

text: by

text: the

text: Manchester

text: Guardian

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: official

text: State

text: Department

text: publication

text: Nazi

text: Soviet

text: Relations

text: edited

text: by

text: Raymond

text: J.

text: Sontag

text: and

text: James

text: S.

text: Beddie

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: decision

text: to

text: publish

text: the

text: key

text: documents

text: on

text: German

text: Soviet

text: relations

text: including

text: the

text: treaty

text: and

text: protocol

text: had

text: been

text: taken

text: already

text: in

text: spring

text: Sontag

text: and

text: Beddie

text: prepared

text: the

text: collection

text: throughout

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: In

text: November

text: President

text: Truman

text: personally

text: approved

text: the

text: publication

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: held

text: back

text: in

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Ministers

text: Conference

text: in

text: London

text: scheduled

text: for

text: December

text: Since

text: negotiations

text: at

text: that

text: conference

text: did

text: not

text: prove

text: constructive

text: from

text: an

text: American

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: the

text: document

text: edition

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: press

text: The

text: documents

text: made

text: headlines

text: worldwide

text: State

text: Department

text: officials

text: counted

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: success

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Government

text: was

text: caught

text: flat

text: footed

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: effective

text: blow

text: from

text: our

text: side

text: in

text: a

text: clear

text: cut

text: propaganda

text: war

question: Who printed the secret German-Soviet treaty in Britain?

answer: the Manchester Guardian

text: the Manchester Guardian

question: Which world leader favored the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?

answer: President Truman

text: President Truman

question: What was the description of the Soviet government in the world press in regards to the treaty and subsequent breaking of the treaty by germany?

answer: flat-footed

text: flat-footed

question: Where was the Foreign Ministers conference held?

answer: London

text: London

question: Who put the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication together?

answer: Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie

text: Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie

question: Who printed the public German-Soviet treaty in Britain?

text: the Manchester Guardian

question: Which world leader hated the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?

text: President Truman

question: What wasn't the description of the Soviet government in the world press in regards to the treaty and subsequent breaking of the treaty by germany?

text: flat-footed

question: Where wasn't the Foreign Ministers conference held?

text: London

question: Who destroyed the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication?

text: Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie


text: Local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city centre opposite the civic centre. From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its headquarters in Whiteley, around nine miles (14 km) from the city. Until December 2004, the station's studios were located in the Northam area of the city on land reclaimed from the River Itchen. That's Solent is an local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Local

text: media

text: include

text: the

text: Southern

text: Daily

text: Echo

text: newspaper

text: based

text: in

text: Redbridge

text: and

text: BBC

text: South

text: which

text: has

text: its

text: regional

text: headquarters

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: opposite

text: the

text: civic

text: centre

text: From

text: there

text: the

text: BBC

text: broadcasts

text: South

text: Today

text: the

text: local

text: television

text: news

text: bulletin

text: and

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: Solent

text: The

text: local

text: ITV

text: franchise

text: is

text: Meridian

text: which

text: has

text: its

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Whiteley

text: around

text: nine

text: miles

text: km

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: Until

text: December

text: the

text: station

text: 's

text: studios

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Northam

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: on

text: land

text: reclaimed

text: from

text: the

text: River

text: Itchen

text: That

text: 's

text: Solent

text: is

text: an

text: local

text: television

text: channel

text: that

text: began

text: broadcasting

text: in

text: November

text: which

text: will

text: be

text: based

text: in

text: and

text: serve

text: Southampton

text: and

text: Portsmouth

question: What program with a direction in its name does the BBC broadcast from Southampton?

answer: South Today

text: South Today

question: What's the name of the local ITV division?

answer: Meridian

text: Meridian

question: Where is the Meridian headquarters located?

answer: Whiteley

text: Whiteley

question: What is the local television channel for Southampton called?

answer: That's Solent

text: That's Solent

question: Towards the end of what year did That's Solent begin broadcasting?

answer: 2014


text: Much of the colonial administration belonged to this club, which had been formed by the Duke of Wellington. Meadows' terminology must represent usage by that administration. If not the first use of the terms, the letter to the Times was certainly one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary to the general public. They became immediately popular, supplanting "Levant" and "East Indies," which gradually receded to minor usages and then began to change meaning.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: colonial

text: administration

text: belonged

text: to

text: this

text: club

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Wellington

text: Meadows

text: terminology

text: must

text: represent

text: usage

text: by

text: that

text: administration

text: If

text: not

text: the

text: first

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: terms

text: the

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: Times

text: was

text: certainly

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: presentations

text: of

text: this

text: vocabulary

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: They

text: became

text: immediately

text: popular

text: supplanting

text: Levant

text: and

text: East

text: Indies

text: which

text: gradually

text: receded

text: to

text: minor

text: usages

text: and

text: then

text: began

text: to

text: change

text: meaning

question: What was one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary?

answer: the letter to the Times

text: the letter to the Times

question: What was said must represent usage by that administration?

answer: Meadows' terminology

text: Meadows' terminology

question: Who had formed the club that contained much of the colonial administration?

answer: Duke of Wellington

text: Duke of Wellington


text: On 14 June 1940, the German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an "open city". On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders, the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver), from which they were transported by train to the extermination camp at Auschwitz. None of the children came back. On 25 August 1944, the city was liberated by the French 2nd Armoured Division and the 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army. General Charles de Gaulle led a huge and emotional crowd down the Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris, and made a rousing speech from the Hôtel de Ville.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: German

text: army

text: marched

text: into

text: Paris

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: declared

text: an

text: open

text: city

text: On

text: July

text: following

text: German

text: orders

text: the

text: French

text: police

text: and

text: gendarmes

text: arrested

text: Jews

text: including

text: children

text: and

text: confined

text: them

text: during

text: five

text: days

text: at

text: the

text: Vel

text: d'Hiv

text: Vélodrome

text: d'Hiver

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: transported

text: by

text: train

text: to

text: the

text: extermination

text: camp

text: at

text: Auschwitz

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: came

text: back

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: liberated

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Armoured

text: Division

text: and

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: General

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: led

text: a

text: huge

text: and

text: emotional

text: crowd

text: down

text: the

text: Champs

text: Élysées

text: towards

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: de

text: Paris

text: and

text: made

text: a

text: rousing

text: speech

text: from

text: the

text: Hôtel

text: de

text: Ville

question: On what date did the German army declare Paris as an open city?

answer: 14 June 1940

text: 14 June 1940

question: How many Jews were arrested following German orders?

answer: 12,884

question: Where were the Jews confined prior to being transported to Auschwitz?

answer: Vel d'Hiv

text: Vel d'Hiv

question: How many children came back from Auschwitz?

answer: None

question: On what date was the city liberated?

answer: 25 August 1944

text: 25 August 1944


text: On September 6, 2006, Sony announced that PAL region PlayStation 3 launch would be delayed until March 2007, because of a shortage of materials used in the Blu-ray drive. At the Tokyo Game Show on September 22, 2006, Sony announced that it would include an HDMI port on the 20 GB system, but a chrome trim, flash card readers, silver logo and Wi-Fi would not be included. Also, the launch price of the Japanese 20 GB model was reduced by over 20%, and the 60 GB model was announced for an open pricing scheme in Japan. During the event, Sony showed 27 playable PS3 games running on final hardware.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: On

text: September

text: Sony

text: announced

text: that

text: PAL

text: region

text: PlayStation

text: launch

text: would

text: be

text: delayed

text: until

text: March

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: shortage

text: of

text: materials

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Blu

text: ray

text: drive

text: At

text: the

text: Tokyo

text: Game

text: Show

text: on

text: September

text: Sony

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: include

text: an

text: HDMI

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: GB

text: system

text: but

text: a

text: chrome

text: trim

text: flash

text: card

text: readers

text: silver

text: logo

text: and

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: included

text: Also

text: the

text: launch

text: price

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: GB

text: model

text: was

text: reduced

text: by

text: over

text: and

text: the

text: GB

text: model

text: was

text: announced

text: for

text: an

text: open

text: pricing

text: scheme

text: in

text: Japan

text: During

text: the

text: event

text: Sony

text: showed

text: playable

text: games

text: running

text: on

text: final

text: hardware

question: Which region experience a setback that pushed back the release of the PlayStation 3?

answer: PAL

text: PAL

question: What part of the system was Sony having trouble getting supplies for?

answer: Blu-ray drive

text: Blu-ray drive

question: Which Japanese PS3 model got a 20%-plus price cut before hitting the market?

answer: 20 GB model

text: 20 GB model

question: Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with an open pricing scheme?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: How many playable games did the PlayStation 3 by the time it arrived at the 2006 Tokyo Game Show?

answer: 27

question: A shortage of what delayed the PS4 launch in what region?

text: PAL

question: The PS4 launch in the PAL region was delayed until what date?

text: March 2007

question: At the Tokyo Game Show Sony showed how many playable PS4 games?

question: The launch price of the Japanese 60 GB model was reduced by how much?

question: What game show took place on September 12, 2006?

text: Tokyo Game Show

question: Which region experience a setback that moved up the release of the PlayStation 3?

text: PAL region

question: What part of the system was Sony having an easy time getting supplies for?

text: Blu-ray drive

question: Which Japanese PS3 model got a 10%-plus price cut before hitting the market?

text: 20 GB

question: Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with a closed pricing scheme?

text: Japan

question: How many playable games did the PlayStation 3 by the time it arrived at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show?


text: Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of need through loans, work-study, grants, and scholarships. The University processed in excess of $472 million in financial aid for the 2009–2010 academic year. This included $265 million in institutional funds, with the remainder coming from federal and state governments and private organizations and individuals. Northwestern scholarship programs for undergraduate students support needy students from a variety of income and backgrounds. Approximately 44 percent of the June 2010 graduates had received federal and/or private loans for their undergraduate education, graduating with an average debt of $17,200.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Undergraduate

text: tuition

text: for

text: the

text: school

text: year

text: was

text: this

text: includes

text: the

text: basic

text: tuition

text: of

text: fees

text: health

text: etc

text: room

text: and

text: board

text: of

text: less

text: if

text: commuting

text: books

text: and

text: supplies

text: personal

text: expenses

text: transportation

text: cost

text: of

text: Northwestern

text: awards

text: financial

text: aid

text: solely

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: need

text: through

text: loans

text: work

text: study

text: grants

text: and

text: scholarships

text: The

text: University

text: processed

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: million

text: in

text: financial

text: aid

text: for

text: the

text: academic

text: year

text: This

text: included

text: million

text: in

text: institutional

text: funds

text: with

text: the

text: remainder

text: coming

text: from

text: federal

text: and

text: state

text: governments

text: and

text: private

text: organizations

text: and

text: individuals

text: Northwestern

text: scholarship

text: programs

text: for

text: undergraduate

text: students

text: support

text: needy

text: students

text: from

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: income

text: and

text: backgrounds

text: Approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: June

text: graduates

text: had

text: received

text: federal

text: and/or

text: private

text: loans

text: for

text: their

text: undergraduate

text: education

text: graduating

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: debt

text: of

question: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2012/2013 school year?

answer: $61,240

question: On what basis does Northwestern award financial aid?

answer: need

text: need

question: What percentage of the June 2010 graduates received federal or private loans?

answer: Approximately 44

text: Approximately 44

question: What was the average debt for the June 2010 graduates?

answer: $17,200

question: How much financial aid did Northwestern process for the 2009-2010 academic year?

answer: in excess of $472 million

text: in excess of $472 million

question: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2015/2016 school year?

question: On what basis does Southwestern award financial aid?

text: need

question: What percentage of the June 2011 graduates received federal or private loans?

question: How much financial aid did Northwestern process for the 2019-2011 academic year?

text: excess of $472 million


text: The area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and it takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples living north of the Douro river during the last millennium BC, in a region largely coincidental with that of the Iron Age local Castro culture. Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire at the end of the Cantabrian Wars in 19 BC, being turned into a Roman province in the 3rd century AD. In 410, the Germanic Suebi established a kingdom with its capital in Braga (Portugal) which was incorporated into that of the Visigoths in 585. In 711, the Arabs invaded the Iberian Peninsula, taking the Visigoth kingdom, but soon in 740 Galicia was incorporated into the Christian kingdom of Asturias. During the Middle Ages, the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings, but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and personality. From the 13th century on, the kings of Castile, as kings of Galicia, appointed an Adiantado-mór, whose attributions passed to the Governor and Captain General of the Kingdom of Galiza from the last years of the 15th century. The Governor also presided the Real Audiencia do Reino de Galicia, a royal tribunal and government body. From the 16th century, the representation and voice of the kingdom was held by an assembly of deputies and representatives of the cities of the kingdom, the Cortes or Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia, an institution which was forcibly discontinued in 1833 when the kingdom was divided into four administrative provinces with no legal mutual links. During the 19th and 20th centuries, demand grew for self-government and for the recognition of the personality of Galicia, a demand which led to the frustrated Statute of Autonomy of 1936, and to the Statute of Autonomy of 1981, currently in force.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: area

text: now

text: called

text: Galicia

text: was

text: first

text: inhabited

text: by

text: humans

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Paleolithic

text: period

text: and

text: it

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Gallaeci

text: the

text: Celtic

text: peoples

text: living

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Douro

text: river

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: millennium

text: BC

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: largely

text: coincidental

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: local

text: Castro

text: culture

text: Galicia

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cantabrian

text: Wars

text: in

text: BC

text: being

text: turned

text: into

text: a

text: Roman

text: province

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: In

text: the

text: Germanic

text: Suebi

text: established

text: a

text: kingdom

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: Braga

text: Portugal

text: which

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Arabs

text: invaded

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: taking

text: the

text: Visigoth

text: kingdom

text: but

text: soon

text: in

text: Galicia

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Christian

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: was

text: occasionally

text: ruled

text: by

text: its

text: own

text: kings

text: but

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: leagued

text: to

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Leon

text: and

text: later

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Castile

text: while

text: maintaining

text: its

text: own

text: legal

text: and

text: customary

text: practices

text: and

text: personality

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: on

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Castile

text: as

text: kings

text: of

text: Galicia

text: appointed

text: an

text: Adiantado

text: mór

text: whose

text: attributions

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: Governor

text: and

text: Captain

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galiza

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Governor

text: also

text: presided

text: the

text: Real

text: Audiencia

text: do

text: Reino

text: de

text: Galicia

text: a

text: royal

text: tribunal

text: and

text: government

text: body

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: representation

text: and

text: voice

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: an

text: assembly

text: of

text: deputies

text: and

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: the

text: Cortes

text: or

text: Junta

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: an

text: institution

text: which

text: was

text: forcibly

text: discontinued

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: administrative

text: provinces

text: with

text: no

text: legal

text: mutual

text: links

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: demand

text: grew

text: for

text: self

text: government

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: personality

text: of

text: Galicia

text: a

text: demand

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: frustrated

text: Statute

text: of

text: Autonomy

text: of

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: Autonomy

text: of

text: currently

text: in

text: force

question: During which period did humans first inhabit Galicia?

answer: Middle Paleolithic

text: Middle Paleolithic

question: Where does its name come from?

answer: Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples

text: Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples

question: Which empire turned Galicia into one of its provinces the 3rd century AD?

answer: Roman Empire

text: Roman Empire

question: What was the name of the assembly of representatives that began in the 16th century?

answer: the Cortes or Junta

text: the Cortes or Junta

question: Which year was the current Statute of Autonomy enacted?

answer: 1981


text: To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: To

text: restrict

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: architectural

text: formalism

text: to

text: art

text: for

text: art

text: 's

text: sake

text: is

text: not

text: only

text: reactionary

text: it

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: a

text: purposeless

text: quest

text: for

text: perfection

text: or

text: originality

text: which

text: degrades

text: form

text: into

text: a

text: mere

text: instrumentality

question: What is a reactionary thing to limit formalism's meaning to?

answer: art for art's sake

text: art for art's sake

question: What sort of quest lacks purpose?

answer: quest for perfection or originality

text: quest for perfection or originality

question: What ends up being reduced in quality by this quest?

answer: form

text: form

question: What is a reactionary thing to expand formalism's meaning to?

text: art for art's sake

question: What sort of quest defines purpose?

text: quest for perfection or originality

question: What ends up being maximized in quality by this quest?

text: form


text: The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: current

text: iteration

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: dates

text: from

text: February

text: when

text: the

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Navy

text: Canadian

text: Army

text: and

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Air

text: Force

text: were

text: merged

text: into

text: a

text: unified

text: structure

text: and

text: superseded

text: by

text: elemental

text: commands

text: Its

text: roots

text: however

text: lie

text: in

text: colonial

text: militia

text: groups

text: that

text: served

text: alongside

text: garrisons

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: British

text: armies

text: and

text: navies

text: a

text: structure

text: that

text: remained

text: in

text: place

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Thereafter

text: a

text: distinctly

text: Canadian

text: army

text: and

text: navy

text: was

text: established

text: followed

text: by

text: an

text: air

text: force

text: that

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: constitutional

text: arrangements

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: remained

text: effectively

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: until

text: Canada

text: gained

text: legislative

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: in

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: distinguished

text: achievement

text: and

text: sacrifice

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Corps

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

question: When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?

answer: 1 February 1968

text: 1 February 1968

question: What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?

answer: the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force

text: the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force

question: What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start?

answer: the British government

text: the British government

question: When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?

answer: 1931

question: What war aided Canadian legislative independence?

answer: the First World War

text: the First World War

question: When did the French Armed Forced become to be?

text: 1 February 1968

question: What does the Canadian Armed Forces not consist of?

question: What allowed Canada to fully having their own army at the start?

text: British government

question: When did Canada lose independence from the United Kingdom?