text: In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: In

text: France

text: started

text: its

text: transmissions

text: with

text: an

text: lines

text: system

text: with

text: active

text: lines

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: monochrome

text: only

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: only

text: on

text: VHF

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: French

text: TV

text: channel

text: It

text: was

text: discontinued

text: in

question: In what year did France start transmissions using and 819 line system?

answer: 1949

question: What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1949?

answer: France

text: France

question: What did France start transmissions with in 1949?

answer: an 819 lines system

text: an 819 lines system

question: Was France's 819 line system in color?

answer: monochrome only

text: monochrome only

question: When was France's 819 line system discontinued?

answer: 1983

question: In what year did England start transmissions using and 819 line system?

question: What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959?

text: France

question: What did France start transmissions with in 1939?

text: 819 lines system

question: Was Englands 819 line system in color?

text: monochrome

question: When was France's 811 line system discontinued?


text: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Some

text: countries

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: mainly

text: the

text: unavailability

text: of

text: certain

text: crucial

text: data

text: The

text: following

text: United

text: Nations

text: Member

text: States

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: report

text: Cuba

text: lodged

text: a

text: formal

text: protest

text: at

text: its

text: lack

text: of

text: inclusion

text: The

text: UNDP

text: explained

text: that

text: Cuba

text: had

text: been

text: excluded

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: an

text: internationally

text: reported

text: figure

text: for

text: Cuba

text: ’s

text: Gross

text: National

text: Income

text: adjusted

text: for

text: Purchasing

text: Power

text: Parity

text: All

text: other

text: indicators

text: for

text: Cuba

text: were

text: available

text: and

text: reported

text: by

text: the

text: UNDP

text: but

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: one

text: indicator

text: meant

text: that

text: no

text: ranking

text: could

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: situation

text: has

text: been

text: addressed

text: and

text: in

text: later

text: years

text: Cuba

text: has

text: ranked

text: as

text: a

text: High

text: Human

text: Development

text: country

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?

answer: unavailability of certain crucial data

text: unavailability of certain crucial data

question: Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report?

answer: Cuba

text: Cuba

question: What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed?

answer: High Human Development country

text: High Human Development country

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?

text: unavailability of certain crucial data

question: Which Caribbean nation agreed with its exclusion from the 2010 report?

text: Cuba

question: What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed?

text: High Human Development country


text: In February 2010 Shell and Cosan formed a 50:50 joint-venture, Raízen, comprising all of Cosan's Brazilian ethanol, energy generation, fuel distribution and sugar activities, and all of Shell's Brazilian retail fuel and aviation distribution businesses. In March 2010, Shell announced the sale of some of its assets, including its liquid petroleum gas (LPG) business, to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme. Shell invited buyers to submit indicative bids, due by 22 March, with a plan to raise $2–3bn from the sale. In June 2010, Royal Dutch Shell agreed to acquire all the business of East Resources for a cash consideration of $4.7 billion. The transaction included East Resources' tight gas fields.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: In

text: February

text: Shell

text: and

text: Cosan

text: formed

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: Raízen

text: comprising

text: all

text: of

text: Cosan

text: 's

text: Brazilian

text: ethanol

text: energy

text: generation

text: fuel

text: distribution

text: and

text: sugar

text: activities

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: Shell

text: 's

text: Brazilian

text: retail

text: fuel

text: and

text: aviation

text: distribution

text: businesses

text: In

text: March

text: Shell

text: announced

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: assets

text: including

text: its

text: liquid

text: petroleum

text: gas

text: LPG

text: business

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: a

text: planned

text: capital

text: spending

text: programme

text: Shell

text: invited

text: buyers

text: to

text: submit

text: indicative

text: bids

text: due

text: by

text: March

text: with

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: raise

text: from

text: the

text: sale

text: In

text: June

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Shell

text: agreed

text: to

text: acquire

text: all

text: the

text: business

text: of

text: East

text: Resources

text: for

text: a

text: cash

text: consideration

text: of

text: billion

text: The

text: transaction

text: included

text: East

text: Resources

text: tight

text: gas

text: fields

question: In what year did Shell and Cosan form a 50:50 joint venture?

answer: 2010

question: What was the name of the 50:50 joint venture formed by Shell and Cosan?

answer: Raízen

text: Raízen

question: Why did Shell sell some of its assets in March 2010?

answer: to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme

text: to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme

question: How much did Shell plan to raise from the sale of its assets?

answer: $2–3bn

question: Royal Dutch Shell agreed to acquire all the business of what entity in June 2010?

answer: East Resources

text: East Resources

question: Who did Shell split with in 2010?

text: Cosan

question: When did Shell form a joint venture with Raizen?

question: How much were the East Resources' gas fields worth?

text: $4.7 billion

question: How much was Shell's liquid petroleum gas business worth?

question: What did Shell buy from Cosan for $4.7 million?

text: all the business of East Resources


text: Northwestern is privately owned and is governed by an appointed Board of Trustees. The board, composed of 70 members and as of 2011[update] chaired by William A. Osborn '69, delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents), the current president, Morton O. Schapiro, an economist, having succeeded Henry Bienen whose 14-year tenure ended on August 31, 2009. The president has a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters. Daniel I. Linzer, provost since September 2007, serves under the president as the chief academic officer of the university to whom the deans of every academic school, leaders of cross-disciplinary units, and chairs of the standing faculty committee report.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Northwestern

text: is

text: privately

text: owned

text: and

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: an

text: appointed

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: The

text: board

text: composed

text: of

text: members

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: chaired

text: by

text: William

text: A.

text: Osborn

text: delegates

text: its

text: power

text: to

text: an

text: elected

text: president

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: Northwestern

text: has

text: had

text: sixteen

text: presidents

text: in

text: its

text: history

text: excluding

text: interim

text: presidents

text: the

text: current

text: president

text: Morton

text: O.

text: Schapiro

text: an

text: economist

text: having

text: succeeded

text: Henry

text: Bienen

text: whose

text: tenure

text: ended

text: on

text: August

text: The

text: president

text: has

text: a

text: staff

text: of

text: vice

text: presidents

text: directors

text: and

text: other

text: assistants

text: for

text: administrative

text: financial

text: faculty

text: and

text: student

text: matters

text: Daniel

text: I.

text: Linzer

text: provost

text: since

text: September

text: serves

text: under

text: the

text: president

text: as

text: the

text: chief

text: academic

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: to

text: whom

text: the

text: deans

text: of

text: every

text: academic

text: school

text: leaders

text: of

text: cross

text: disciplinary

text: units

text: and

text: chairs

text: of

text: the

text: standing

text: faculty

text: committee

text: report

question: Who governs Northwestern?

answer: an appointed Board of Trustees

text: an appointed Board of Trustees

question: How many members are on Northwestern's Board of Trustees?

answer: 70

question: Who does the Board of Trustees delegate it's power to?

answer: an elected president

text: an elected president

question: How many presidents, excluding interrims, has Northwestern had?

answer: sixteen

text: sixteen

question: Who has a staff of vice-presidents, directors, and other administrative assistants?

answer: the president

text: the president

question: Who governs Southwestern?

text: appointed Board of Trustees

question: How many members are on Southwestern's Board of Trustees?

question: Who doesn't the Board of Trustees delegate it's power to?

text: elected president

question: How many presidents, excluding interrims, has Southwestern had?

text: sixteen

question: Who doesn't have a staff of vice-presidents, directors, and other administrative assistants?

text: the president


text: The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training. The School ranks first in the nation in student selectivity. Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wilson) played a leading role in the Human Genome Project, having contributed 25% of the finished sequence. The School pioneered bedside teaching and led in the transformation of empirical knowledge into scientific medicine. The medical school partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital (part of BJC HealthCare), where all physicians are members of the school's faculty.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: The

text: Washington

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: founded

text: in

text: is

text: highly

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: leading

text: centers

text: for

text: medical

text: research

text: and

text: training

text: The

text: School

text: ranks

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: in

text: student

text: selectivity

text: Among

text: its

text: many

text: recent

text: initiatives

text: The

text: Genome

text: Center

text: at

text: Washington

text: University

text: directed

text: by

text: Richard

text: K.

text: Wilson

text: played

text: a

text: leading

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Human

text: Genome

text: Project

text: having

text: contributed

text: of

text: the

text: finished

text: sequence

text: The

text: School

text: pioneered

text: bedside

text: teaching

text: and

text: led

text: in

text: the

text: transformation

text: of

text: empirical

text: knowledge

text: into

text: scientific

text: medicine

text: The

text: medical

text: school

text: partners

text: with

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Children

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: and

text: Barnes

text: Jewish

text: Hospital

text: part

text: of

text: BJC

text: HealthCare

text: where

text: all

text: physicians

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: faculty

question: When was the Washington University School of Medicine founded?

answer: 1891

question: Where does the Washington University School of Medicine rank in student selectivity?

answer: first

text: first

question: Who is the director of the Genome Center at Washington University?

answer: Richard K. Wilson

text: Richard K. Wilson

question: How much of a contribution did the Genome Center at Washington University make in sequencing the Human Genome Project?

answer: 25%

question: What hospitals partner with the Washington University School of Medicine?

answer: St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital

text: St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital

question: Who directs the Washington University School of Medicine?

text: Richard K. Wilson

question: In what year did the Washington University School of Medicine partner with St. Louis Children's Hospital?

question: In what year did the Washington University School of Medicine partner with Barnes-Jewish Hospital?

question: In what year was St. Louis Children's Hospital founded?

question: In what year was Barnes-Jewish Hospital founded?


text: The synagogue in Eshtemoa (As-Samu) was built around the 4th century. The mosaic floor is decorated with only floral and geometric patterns. The synagogue in Khirbet Susiya (excavated in 1971–72, founded in the end of the 4th century) has three mosaic panels, the eastern one depicting a Torah shrine, two menorahs, a lulav and an etrog with columns, deer and rams. The central panel is geometric while the western one is seriously damaged but it has been suggested that it depicted Daniel in the lion’s den. The Roman synagogue in Ein Gedi was remodeled in the Byzantine era and a more elaborate mosaic floor was laid down above the older white panels. The usual geometric design was enriched with birds in the center. It includes the names of the signs of the zodiac and important figures from the Jewish past but not their images suggesting that it served a rather conservative community.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: synagogue

text: in

text: Eshtemoa

text: As

text: Samu

text: was

text: built

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: is

text: decorated

text: with

text: only

text: floral

text: and

text: geometric

text: patterns

text: The

text: synagogue

text: in

text: Khirbet

text: Susiya

text: excavated

text: in

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: has

text: three

text: mosaic

text: panels

text: the

text: eastern

text: one

text: depicting

text: a

text: Torah

text: shrine

text: two

text: menorahs

text: a

text: lulav

text: and

text: an

text: etrog

text: with

text: columns

text: deer

text: and

text: rams

text: The

text: central

text: panel

text: is

text: geometric

text: while

text: the

text: western

text: one

text: is

text: seriously

text: damaged

text: but

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: suggested

text: that

text: it

text: depicted

text: Daniel

text: in

text: the

text: lion

text: ’s

text: den

text: The

text: Roman

text: synagogue

text: in

text: Ein

text: Gedi

text: was

text: remodeled

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: era

text: and

text: a

text: more

text: elaborate

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: was

text: laid

text: down

text: above

text: the

text: older

text: white

text: panels

text: The

text: usual

text: geometric

text: design

text: was

text: enriched

text: with

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: signs

text: of

text: the

text: zodiac

text: and

text: important

text: figures

text: from

text: the

text: Jewish

text: past

text: but

text: not

text: their

text: images

text: suggesting

text: that

text: it

text: served

text: a

text: rather

text: conservative

text: community

question: When was the synagogue in Eshtemoa constructed?

answer: around the 4th century

text: around the 4th century

question: What patterns are present on the mosaic at the synagogue in Eshtemoa?

answer: only floral and geometric

text: only floral and geometric

question: When was the synagogue in Khirbet Susiya re-discovered?

answer: in 1971–72

text: in 1971–72

question: How many panels are in the synagogue in Khirbet Susiya?

answer: three

text: three

question: What do the images at synagogue in Khirbet Susiya suggest about the communities views?

answer: rather conservative

text: rather conservative


text: In 2014, the airport received 15 new boarding bridges, totalling 28 in all. This was the main requirement made by the federal government, which transferred the operation of the terminal to the Inframerica Group after an auction. The group invested R$750 million in the project. In the same year, the number of parking spaces doubled, reaching three thousand. The airport's entrance have a new rooftop cover and a new access road. Furthermore, a VIP room was created on Terminal 1's third floor. The investments resulted an increase the capacity of Brasília's airport from approximately 15 million passengers per year to 21 million by 2014. Brasília has direct flights to all states of Brazil and direct international flights to Atlanta, Buenos Aires, Lisbon, Miami, Panama City, and Paris.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: In

text: the

text: airport

text: received

text: new

text: boarding

text: bridges

text: totalling

text: in

text: all

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: requirement

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: which

text: transferred

text: the

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: terminal

text: to

text: the

text: Inframerica

text: Group

text: after

text: an

text: auction

text: The

text: group

text: invested

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: project

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: parking

text: spaces

text: doubled

text: reaching

text: three

text: thousand

text: The

text: airport

text: 's

text: entrance

text: have

text: a

text: new

text: rooftop

text: cover

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: access

text: road

text: Furthermore

text: a

text: VIP

text: room

text: was

text: created

text: on

text: Terminal

text: 's

text: third

text: floor

text: The

text: investments

text: resulted

text: an

text: increase

text: the

text: capacity

text: of

text: Brasília

text: 's

text: airport

text: from

text: approximately

text: million

text: passengers

text: per

text: year

text: to

text: million

text: by

text: Brasília

text: has

text: direct

text: flights

text: to

text: all

text: states

text: of

text: Brazil

text: and

text: direct

text: international

text: flights

text: to

text: Atlanta

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Lisbon

text: Miami

text: Panama

text: City

text: and

text: Paris

question: How many boarding bridges does Brasilia's airport have?

answer: 28

question: When did the number of boarding bridges at Brasilia's airport nearly double?

answer: 2014

question: What company now runs Brasilia's airport?

answer: Inframerica Group

text: Inframerica Group

question: Besides boarding bridges, what also doubled in 2014 at Brasilia's airport?

answer: the number of parking spaces

text: the number of parking spaces

question: What is Brasilia's airport's annual passenger capacity after 2014's improvements?

answer: 21 million

text: 21 million

question: How many boarding bridges did Miami recieve in 2014?

question: What did the boarding bridges increase to in Buenos Aires in 2014?

text: 28 in all

question: What was transferred to Paris after an auction?

text: the operation of the terminal

question: What did the amount of passengers double to in 2014?

text: three thousand

question: What company runs the VIP room?

text: Inframerica Group


text: Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught something similar to the Three marks of existence, the Five Aggregates, dependent origination, karma and rebirth, the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and nirvana. Some scholars disagree, and have proposed many other theories.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Pre

text: sectarian

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: phase

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: recognized

text: by

text: nearly

text: all

text: scholars

text: Its

text: main

text: scriptures

text: are

text: the

text: Vinaya

text: Pitaka

text: and

text: the

text: four

text: principal

text: Nikayas

text: or

text: Agamas

text: Certain

text: basic

text: teachings

text: appear

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: throughout

text: the

text: early

text: texts

text: so

text: most

text: scholars

text: conclude

text: that

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: must

text: have

text: taught

text: something

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Three

text: marks

text: of

text: existence

text: the

text: Five

text: Aggregates

text: dependent

text: origination

text: karma

text: and

text: rebirth

text: the

text: Four

text: Noble

text: Truths

text: the

text: Noble

text: Eightfold

text: Path

text: and

text: nirvana

text: Some

text: scholars

text: disagree

text: and

text: have

text: proposed

text: many

text: other

text: theories

question: Was is the earliest phase of buddhism?

answer: Pre-sectarian

text: Pre-sectarian

question: Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what?

answer: rebirth

text: rebirth

question: Gautama buddha taught what Path concept?

answer: Noble Eightfold

text: Noble Eightfold


text: Numerous live performance events dedicated to house music were founded during the course of the decade, including Shambhala Music Festival and major industry sponsored events like Miami's Winter Music Conference. The genre even gained popularity in the Middle East in cities such as Dubai & Abu Dhabi[citation needed] and at events like Creamfields.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Numerous

text: live

text: performance

text: events

text: dedicated

text: to

text: house

text: music

text: were

text: founded

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: including

text: Shambhala

text: Music

text: Festival

text: and

text: major

text: industry

text: sponsored

text: events

text: like

text: Miami

text: 's

text: Winter

text: Music

text: Conference

text: The

text: genre

text: even

text: gained

text: popularity

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Dubai

text: Abu

text: Dhabi[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: at

text: events

text: like

text: Creamfields

question: Where did the Winter Music Conference take place?

answer: Miami

text: Miami

question: The Shambhala Music Festival was dedicated to what?

answer: house music

text: house music

question: where did house music gain popularity in the middle east?

answer: Dubai & Abu Dhabi

text: Dubai & Abu Dhabi

question: what event led to an increase in popularity for house music in the middle east?

answer: Creamfields

text: Creamfields

question: what large event in Miami was industry sponsored?

answer: Shambhala Music Festival

text: Shambhala Music Festival

question: Where did the Middle East Conference take place?

text: Miami

question: What was the Numerous Conference dedicated to?

text: house music

question: Where did Miami music gain popularity in the Middle East?

text: Dubai & Abu Dhabi

question: What event led to an increase in popularity for Shambhala in the Middle East?

text: Creamfields

question: What large event in the Middle East was industry sponsored?

text: Shambhala Music Festival


text: It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had already been found by the requirements review. With the advent of modern continuous deployment practices and cloud-based services, the cost of re-deployment and maintenance may lessen over time.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: It

text: is

text: commonly

text: believed

text: that

text: the

text: earlier

text: a

text: defect

text: is

text: found

text: the

text: cheaper

text: it

text: is

text: to

text: fix

text: it

text: The

text: following

text: table

text: shows

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: fixing

text: the

text: defect

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: stage

text: it

text: was

text: found

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: a

text: problem

text: in

text: the

text: requirements

text: is

text: found

text: only

text: post

text: release

text: then

text: it

text: would

text: cost

text: times

text: more

text: to

text: fix

text: than

text: if

text: it

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: found

text: by

text: the

text: requirements

text: review

text: With

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: modern

text: continuous

text: deployment

text: practices

text: and

text: cloud

text: based

text: services

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: re

text: deployment

text: and

text: maintenance

text: may

text: lessen

text: over

text: time

question: What determines the cost of fixing a bug?

answer: the earlier a defect is found

text: the earlier a defect is found

question: Ho many more times would the cost be if the problem is found after the software's release?

answer: 10–100 times more

text: 10–100 times more

question: What could possibly lessen the cost of fixing buggy software?

answer: cloud-based services

text: cloud-based services

question: What is the unpopular belief about the cost of fixing a bug?

question: The cost of fixing a defect does not depend on what?

text: the stage it was found.

question: How much less would it cost to fix a problem found after the software's release?

text: 10–100 times

question: What modern items may increase the cost of re-deployment over time?


text: The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a popular MS-DOS emulator, was released on April 3, 1997. There have since been many other emulators. The Virtual Console for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS and Wii U also offers emulation of many NES games.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: NES

text: can

text: be

text: emulated

text: on

text: many

text: other

text: systems

text: most

text: notably

text: the

text: PC

text: The

text: first

text: emulator

text: was

text: the

text: Japanese

text: only

text: Pasofami

text: It

text: was

text: soon

text: followed

text: by

text: iNES

text: which

text: was

text: available

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: was

text: cross

text: platform

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: described

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: NES

text: emulation

text: software

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: a

text: non

text: expert

text: NESticle

text: a

text: popular

text: MS

text: DOS

text: emulator

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: April

text: There

text: have

text: since

text: been

text: many

text: other

text: emulators

text: The

text: Virtual

text: Console

text: for

text: the

text: Wii

text: Nintendo

text: and

text: Wii

text: U

text: also

text: offers

text: emulation

text: of

text: many

text: NES

text: games

question: What was the first NES emulator?

answer: Pasofami

text: Pasofami

question: What was the first English available emulator?

answer: iNES

text: iNES

question: When was NESticle released?

answer: April 3, 1997

text: April 3, 1997

question: What platform was NESticle available for use?

answer: MS-DOS

text: MS-DOS

question: What wasn't the first NES emulator?

text: Pasofami

question: What was the first Spanish available emulator?

text: iNES

question: When was NESticle halted?

text: April 3, 1997

question: What platform was NESticle unavailable for use?

text: MS-DOS


text: On 24 August, Pravda and Izvestia carried news of the non-secret portions of the Pact, complete with the now infamous front-page picture of Molotov signing the treaty, with a smiling Stalin looking on. The news was met with utter shock and surprise by government leaders and media worldwide, most of whom were aware only of the British–French–Soviet negotiations that had taken place for months. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was received with shock by Nazi Germany's allies, notably Japan, by the Comintern and foreign communist parties, and by Jewish communities all around the world. So, that day, German diplomat Hans von Herwarth, whose grandmother was Jewish, informed Guido Relli, an Italian diplomat, and American chargé d'affaires Charles Bohlen on the secret protocol regarding vital interests in the countries' allotted "spheres of influence", without revealing the annexation rights for "territorial and political rearrangement".

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: On

text: August

text: Pravda

text: and

text: Izvestia

text: carried

text: news

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: secret

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: Pact

text: complete

text: with

text: the

text: now

text: infamous

text: front

text: page

text: picture

text: of

text: Molotov

text: signing

text: the

text: treaty

text: with

text: a

text: smiling

text: Stalin

text: looking

text: on

text: The

text: news

text: was

text: met

text: with

text: utter

text: shock

text: and

text: surprise

text: by

text: government

text: leaders

text: and

text: media

text: worldwide

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: aware

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: French

text: Soviet

text: negotiations

text: that

text: had

text: taken

text: place

text: for

text: months

text: The

text: Molotov

text: Ribbentrop

text: Pact

text: was

text: received

text: with

text: shock

text: by

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: allies

text: notably

text: Japan

text: by

text: the

text: Comintern

text: and

text: foreign

text: communist

text: parties

text: and

text: by

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: all

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: So

text: that

text: day

text: German

text: diplomat

text: Hans

text: von

text: Herwarth

text: whose

text: grandmother

text: was

text: Jewish

text: informed

text: Guido

text: Relli

text: an

text: Italian

text: diplomat

text: and

text: American

text: chargé

text: d'affaires

text: Charles

text: Bohlen

text: on

text: the

text: secret

text: protocol

text: regarding

text: vital

text: interests

text: in

text: the

text: countries

text: allotted

text: spheres

text: of

text: influence

text: without

text: revealing

text: the

text: annexation

text: rights

text: for

text: territorial

text: and

text: political

text: rearrangement

question: Which diplomat leaked information about the secret agreements?

answer: Hans von Herwarth

text: Hans von Herwarth

question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the signing of the agreement?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: How long had the tripartite discussions been taking place?

answer: place for months

text: place for months

question: Which diplomat never leaked information about the secret agreements?

text: Hans von Herwarth

question: Which diplomat leaked information about the public agreements?

text: Hans von Herwarth

question: Which ally of Germany was least surprised by the signing of the agreement?

text: Japan

question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the scrapping of the agreement?

text: Japan

question: How long hadn't the tripartite discussions been taking place?

text: taken place for months


text: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: The

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: during

text: the

text: Migrations

text: Period

text: came

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: other

text: peoples

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: populations

text: settling

text: in

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: modern

text: Germany

text: they

text: encountered

text: Celts

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Balts

text: and

text: Slavs

text: towards

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: Limes

text: Germanicus

text: was

text: breached

text: in

text: AD

text: Migrating

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: commingled

text: with

text: the

text: local

text: Gallo

text: Roman

text: populations

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Swabia

text: and

text: Bavaria

text: The

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Huns

text: in

text: Europe

text: resulted

text: in

text: Hun

text: conquest

text: of

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: the

text: Huns

text: initially

text: were

text: allies

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: who

text: fought

text: against

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: but

text: later

text: the

text: Huns

text: cooperated

text: with

text: the

text: Germanic

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Ostrogoths

text: and

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: Germans

text: lived

text: within

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Hunnic

text: Empire

text: of

text: Attila

text: Attila

text: had

text: both

text: Hunnic

text: and

text: Germanic

text: families

text: and

text: prominent

text: Germanic

text: chiefs

text: amongst

text: his

text: close

text: entourage

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Huns

text: living

text: in

text: Germanic

text: territories

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: adopted

text: an

text: East

text: Germanic

text: language

text: as

text: their

text: lingua

text: franca

text: A

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: Attila

text: 's

text: army

text: were

text: Germans

text: during

text: the

text: Huns

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: After

text: Attila

text: 's

text: unexpected

text: death

text: the

text: Hunnic

text: Empire

text: collapsed

text: with

text: the

text: Huns

text: disappearing

text: as

text: a

text: people

text: in

text: Europe

text: who

text: either

text: escaped

text: into

text: Asia

text: or

text: otherwise

text: blended

text: in

text: amongst

text: Europeans

question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what groups in the east?

answer: Balts and Slavs

text: Balts and Slavs

question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?

answer: Celts

text: Celts

question: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?

answer: AD 260

text: AD 260

question: Who allied with the Germans after previous fighting them along side the Romans?

answer: the Huns

text: the Huns

question: What leader had both prominent German and Hun families in his entourage throughout Europe?

answer: Attila

text: Attila

question: When was the Limes Germanicus breached?

answer: AD 260

text: AD 260

question: Who did the Germans come in contact with to the south?

answer: Celts

text: Celts

question: Which Germanic tribe did the Huns cooperate with?

answer: Ostrogoths

text: Ostrogoths

question: What language did the Huns adopt?

answer: East Germanic

text: East Germanic

question: What happened to the Huns after Attila's death?

answer: either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans

text: either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans

question: During what period did the Germanic people have little contact with other people?

text: Migrations Period

question: What was breached in the 2nd century AD?

text: Limes Germanicus

question: What happened to the Huns after the Roman Empire collapsed?

text: Huns disappearing as a people in Europe

question: what part of Europe did the Huns conquer for Rome?

text: Eastern Europe


text: Gorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party. From July 23 to September 1988, a group of Azerbaijani intellectuals began working for a new organization called the Popular Front of Azerbaijan, loosely based on the Estonian Popular Front. On September 17, when gun battles broke out between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis near Stepanakert, two soldiers were killed and more than two dozen injured. This led to almost tit-for-tat ethnic polarization in Nagorno-Karabakh's two main towns: The Azerbaijani minority was expelled from Stepanakert, and the Armenian minority was expelled from Shusha. On November 17, 1988, in response to the exodus of tens of thousands of Azerbaijanis from Armenia, a series of mass demonstrations began in Baku's Lenin Square, lasting 18 days and attracting half a million demonstrators. On December 5, 1988, the Soviet militia finally moved in, cleared the square by force, and imposed a curfew that lasted ten months.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: Gorbachev

text: refused

text: to

text: make

text: any

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: which

text: remained

text: part

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: He

text: instead

text: sacked

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: Leaders

text: in

text: both

text: Republics

text: on

text: May

text: Kamran

text: Baghirov

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Abdulrahman

text: Vezirov

text: as

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Azerbaijan

text: Communist

text: Party

text: From

text: July

text: to

text: September

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Azerbaijani

text: intellectuals

text: began

text: working

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: organization

text: called

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: loosely

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Estonian

text: Popular

text: Front

text: On

text: September

text: when

text: gun

text: battles

text: broke

text: out

text: between

text: the

text: Armenians

text: and

text: Azerbaijanis

text: near

text: Stepanakert

text: two

text: soldiers

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: dozen

text: injured

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: almost

text: tit

text: for

text: tat

text: ethnic

text: polarization

text: in

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: 's

text: two

text: main

text: towns

text: The

text: Azerbaijani

text: minority

text: was

text: expelled

text: from

text: Stepanakert

text: and

text: the

text: Armenian

text: minority

text: was

text: expelled

text: from

text: Shusha

text: On

text: November

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: exodus

text: of

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Azerbaijanis

text: from

text: Armenia

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: mass

text: demonstrations

text: began

text: in

text: Baku

text: 's

text: Lenin

text: Square

text: lasting

text: days

text: and

text: attracting

text: half

text: a

text: million

text: demonstrators

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Soviet

text: militia

text: finally

text: moved

text: in

text: cleared

text: the

text: square

text: by

text: force

text: and

text: imposed

text: a

text: curfew

text: that

text: lasted

text: ten

text: months

question: Who did Gorbachev make First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party in 1988?

answer: Abdulrahman Vezirov

text: Abdulrahman Vezirov

question: Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov?

answer: Kamran Baghirov

text: Kamran Baghirov

question: How many soldiers died on September 17?

answer: two

text: two

question: People of what ethnicity were thrown out of Shusha?

answer: Armenian

text: Armenian

question: How long did the Lenin Square protest last?

answer: 18 days

text: 18 days


text: On 30 September, Zhou Enlai warned the United States that China was prepared to intervene in Korea if the United States crossed the 38th parallel. Zhou attempted to advise North Korean commanders on how to conduct a general withdrawal by using the same tactics which had allowed Chinese communist forces to successfully escape Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns in the 1930s, but by some accounts North Korean commanders did not utilize these tactics effectively. Historian Bruce Cumings argues, however, the KPA's rapid withdrawal was strategic, with troops melting into the mountains from where they could launch guerrilla raids on the UN forces spread out on the coasts.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: September

text: Zhou

text: Enlai

text: warned

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: China

text: was

text: prepared

text: to

text: intervene

text: in

text: Korea

text: if

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: crossed

text: the

text: parallel

text: Zhou

text: attempted

text: to

text: advise

text: North

text: Korean

text: commanders

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: conduct

text: a

text: general

text: withdrawal

text: by

text: using

text: the

text: same

text: tactics

text: which

text: had

text: allowed

text: Chinese

text: communist

text: forces

text: to

text: successfully

text: escape

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: 's

text: Encirclement

text: Campaigns

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: by

text: some

text: accounts

text: North

text: Korean

text: commanders

text: did

text: not

text: utilize

text: these

text: tactics

text: effectively

text: Historian

text: Bruce

text: Cumings

text: argues

text: however

text: the

text: KPA

text: 's

text: rapid

text: withdrawal

text: was

text: strategic

text: with

text: troops

text: melting

text: into

text: the

text: mountains

text: from

text: where

text: they

text: could

text: launch

text: guerrilla

text: raids

text: on

text: the

text: UN

text: forces

text: spread

text: out

text: on

text: the

text: coasts

question: Who vowed to intervene if the US was to engage in conflict North of the 38th parallel?

answer: China

text: China

question: The tactics Zhou Enlai advised the North Koreans to use during their withdrawal was the same the Chinese used to escape event?

answer: Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns

text: Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns

question: Who believes that the North Koreans only appeared to fail to effective execute their withdrawal plan?

answer: Bruce Cumings

text: Bruce Cumings

question: What may have been North Korea's goal in the way they rapidly withdrew from South Korea?

answer: launch guerrilla raids

text: launch guerrilla raids

question: Who's control did the Chinese Communists escape in the 1930's?

answer: Chiang Kai-shek

text: Chiang Kai-shek


text: Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons."

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Y

text: DNA

text: studies

text: tend

text: to

text: imply

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: founders

text: in

text: an

text: old

text: population

text: whose

text: members

text: parted

text: and

text: followed

text: different

text: migration

text: paths

text: In

text: most

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: these

text: male

text: line

text: ancestors

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: mainly

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: For

text: example

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: share

text: more

text: common

text: paternal

text: lineages

text: with

text: other

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: groups

text: than

text: with

text: non

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: in

text: areas

text: where

text: Jews

text: lived

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Rhine

text: Valley

text: This

text: is

text: consistent

text: with

text: Jewish

text: traditions

text: in

text: placing

text: most

text: Jewish

text: paternal

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Conversely

text: the

text: maternal

text: lineages

text: of

text: Jewish

text: populations

text: studied

text: by

text: looking

text: at

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: are

text: generally

text: more

text: heterogeneous

text: Scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Harry

text: Ostrer

text: and

text: Raphael

text: Falk

text: believe

text: this

text: indicates

text: that

text: many

text: Jewish

text: males

text: found

text: new

text: mates

text: from

text: European

text: and

text: other

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: places

text: where

text: they

text: migrated

text: in

text: the

text: diaspora

text: after

text: fleeing

text: ancient

text: Israel

text: In

text: contrast

text: Behar

text: has

text: found

text: evidence

text: that

text: about

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: originate

text: maternally

text: from

text: just

text: four

text: female

text: founders

text: who

text: were

text: of

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: origin

text: The

text: populations

text: of

text: Sephardi

text: and

text: Mizrahi

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: showed

text: no

text: evidence

text: for

text: a

text: narrow

text: founder

text: effect

text: Subsequent

text: studies

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: Feder

text: et

text: al

text: confirmed

text: the

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: non

text: local

text: maternal

text: origin

text: among

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: Reflecting

text: on

text: their

text: findings

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: maternal

text: origin

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: the

text: authors

text: conclude

text: Clearly

text: the

text: differences

text: between

text: Jews

text: and

text: non

text: Jews

text: are

text: far

text: larger

text: than

text: those

text: observed

text: among

text: the

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: Hence

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: can

text: be

text: overlooked

text: when

text: non

text: Jews

text: are

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: comparisons

question: Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with what group?

answer: Jewish and Middle Eastern groups

text: Jewish and Middle Eastern groups

question: Jewish traditions place most Jewish paternal origins in which region?

answer: Middle East

text: Middle East

question: Which lineages are generally more heterogeneous?

answer: maternal lineages

text: maternal lineages

question: What tends to imply a large number of founders in an old population?

text: DNA studies

question: What do male line ancestors appear to be outside of Jewish populations?

text: mainly Middle Eastern

question: Who believes many Jewish males did not find new mates from European communities?

question: What percent of Ashkenazi Jews originate from four male founders?

question: What did studies carried out by Feder not confirm?


text: Current manager, Roberto Martínez, is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939. There have also been four caretaker managers, and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee. The club's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick, who was in charge of the team from 1961–73, taking in 594 first team matches. The Everton manager to win most domestic and international trophies is Howard Kendall, who won two Division One championships, the 1984 FA Cup, the 1984 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, and three Charity Shields.

title: Everton_F.C.

title: Everton_F.C.

text: Current

text: manager

text: Roberto

text: Martínez

text: is

text: the

text: fourteenth

text: permanent

text: holder

text: of

text: the

text: position

text: since

text: it

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: There

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: four

text: caretaker

text: managers

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: team

text: was

text: selected

text: by

text: either

text: the

text: club

text: secretary

text: or

text: by

text: committee

text: The

text: club

text: 's

text: longest

text: serving

text: manager

text: has

text: been

text: Harry

text: Catterick

text: who

text: was

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: from

text: taking

text: in

text: first

text: team

text: matches

text: The

text: Everton

text: manager

text: to

text: win

text: most

text: domestic

text: and

text: international

text: trophies

text: is

text: Howard

text: Kendall

text: who

text: won

text: two

text: Division

text: One

text: championships

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: and

text: three

text: Charity

text: Shields

question: Who is the current manager of the Everton Football Club?

answer: Roberto Martínez

text: Roberto Martínez

question: How many caretaker managers have their been in the Everton FC's history?

answer: four

text: four

question: Who was the Everton FC team's longest serving manager?

answer: Harry Catterick

text: Harry Catterick

question: When did Harry Catterick manage the Everton Football Club?

answer: 1961–73

question: Which Everton manager won the most domestic and international trophies during his time?

answer: Howard Kendall

text: Howard Kendall

question: In what year did Roberto Martinez become the current manager of Everton?

question: In what year did Everton have its first caretaker manager?

question: Who has been Everton's shortest serving manager?

text: Howard Kendall

question: In what year did Howard Kendall win his first Division One Championship?

question: In what year did Howard Kendall earn his first Charity Shield?


text: To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibres. This is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose; this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers–not to be confused with tree-free paper; this is because they do not contain lignin, which deteriorates over time. The pulp can also be bleached to produce white paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibres; chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: To

text: make

text: pulp

text: from

text: wood

text: a

text: chemical

text: pulping

text: process

text: separates

text: lignin

text: from

text: cellulose

text: fibres

text: This

text: is

text: accomplished

text: by

text: dissolving

text: lignin

text: in

text: a

text: cooking

text: liquor

text: so

text: that

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: washed

text: from

text: the

text: cellulose

text: this

text: preserves

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: cellulose

text: fibres

text: Paper

text: made

text: from

text: chemical

text: pulps

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: wood

text: free

text: papers

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: tree

text: free

text: paper

text: this

text: is

text: because

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: lignin

text: which

text: deteriorates

text: over

text: time

text: The

text: pulp

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: bleached

text: to

text: produce

text: white

text: paper

text: but

text: this

text: consumes

text: of

text: the

text: fibres

text: chemical

text: pulping

text: processes

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: paper

text: made

text: from

text: cotton

text: which

text: is

text: already

text: cellulose

question: What is separated from the cellulose fibres?

answer: lignin

text: lignin

question: What type of paper is paper made from chemical pulps known as?

answer: wood-free

text: wood-free

question: What percentage of fibres are wasted in the bleaching process?

answer: 5%

question: What percentage of cotton is cellulose?

answer: 90%

question: What is separated from pulp to make wood?

text: lignin from cellulose fibres

question: What is wood dissolved in to get clean from cellulose?

text: cooking liquor

question: What is combined with cellulose fibers when making pulp?

text: lignin

question: What is combined with lignin when making pulp?

text: cellulose fibres

question: When separating lignin from cellulose fibers, what is cooking oil dissolved in?

text: lignin

question: What is combined with the cellulose fibres?

text: lignin

question: What type of paper is wood made from chemical pulps known as?

text: wood-free

question: What percentage of fibres are used in the bleaching process?

question: What percentage of cotton is not cellulose?


text: In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twelve the Las Vegas round became a Sudden Death round, where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night (four nights) to make the top twenty. In season thirteen, a new round called "Hollywood or Home" was added, where if the judges were uncertain about some contestants, those contestants were required to perform soon after landing in Los Angeles, and those who failed to impress were sent back home before they reached Hollywood.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: In

text: seasons

text: ten

text: and

text: eleven

text: a

text: further

text: round

text: was

text: added

text: in

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: where

text: the

text: contestants

text: perform

text: in

text: groups

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: theme

text: followed

text: by

text: one

text: final

text: solo

text: round

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: semi

text: finalists

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: this

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: to

text: contestants

text: are

text: selected

text: to

text: move

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: semi

text: final

text: stage

text: In

text: season

text: twelve

text: the

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: round

text: became

text: a

text: Sudden

text: Death

text: round

text: where

text: the

text: judges

text: had

text: to

text: choose

text: five

text: guys

text: and

text: five

text: girls

text: each

text: night

text: four

text: nights

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: top

text: twenty

text: In

text: season

text: thirteen

text: a

text: new

text: round

text: called

text: Hollywood

text: or

text: Home

text: was

text: added

text: where

text: if

text: the

text: judges

text: were

text: uncertain

text: about

text: some

text: contestants

text: those

text: contestants

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: perform

text: soon

text: after

text: landing

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: failed

text: to

text: impress

text: were

text: sent

text: back

text: home

text: before

text: they

text: reached

text: Hollywood

question: In what city did contestants perform an additional round in seasons ten and eleven?

answer: Las Vegas

text: Las Vegas

question: What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve?

answer: Sudden Death

text: Sudden Death

question: In which season was the "Hollywood or Home" round added to the competition?

answer: twelve

text: twelve


text: Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the "Super Eagles", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Football

text: is

text: largely

text: considered

text: the

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: national

text: sport

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: Premier

text: League

text: of

text: football

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Super

text: Eagles

text: has

text: made

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: on

text: five

text: occasions

text: and

text: most

text: recently

text: in

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: Super

text: Eagles

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Rankings

text: the

text: highest

text: ranking

text: achieved

text: by

text: an

text: African

text: football

text: team

text: They

text: won

text: the

text: African

text: Cup

text: of

text: Nations

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: have

text: also

text: hosted

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: They

text: won

text: the

text: gold

text: medal

text: for

text: football

text: in

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: beat

text: Argentina

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: African

text: football

text: team

text: to

text: win

text: gold

text: in

text: Olympic

text: Football

question: Which years did Nigeria win the African Cup of Nations?

answer: 1980, 1994, and 2013

text: 1980, 1994, and 2013

question: When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal?

answer: 1996

question: What did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal for?

answer: football

text: football

question: What country did Nigeria beat to win a Summer Olympics gold medal?

answer: Argentina

text: Argentina

question: What is Nigeria's national football team called?

answer: Super Eagles

text: Super Eagles


text: Beginning with the surge in coal use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Beginning

text: with

text: the

text: surge

text: in

text: coal

text: use

text: which

text: accompanied

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: energy

text: consumption

text: has

text: steadily

text: transitioned

text: from

text: wood

text: and

text: biomass

text: to

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: The

text: early

text: development

text: of

text: solar

text: technologies

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: was

text: driven

text: by

text: an

text: expectation

text: that

text: coal

text: would

text: soon

text: become

text: scarce

text: However

text: development

text: of

text: solar

text: technologies

text: stagnated

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: increasing

text: availability

text: economy

text: and

text: utility

text: of

text: coal

text: and

text: petroleum

question: Why was solar technology developed in the 1860s?

answer: driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce

text: driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce

question: What slowed the development of solar technologies in the early 20th century?

answer: increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum

text: increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum


text: This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: This

text: credit

text: freeze

text: brought

text: the

text: global

text: financial

text: system

text: to

text: the

text: brink

text: of

text: collapse

text: The

text: response

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: the

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: other

text: central

text: banks

text: was

text: immediate

text: and

text: dramatic

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: quarter

text: of

text: these

text: central

text: banks

text: purchased

text: US$

text: trillion

text: of

text: government

text: debt

text: and

text: troubled

text: private

text: assets

text: from

text: banks

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: liquidity

text: injection

text: into

text: the

text: credit

text: market

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: monetary

text: policy

text: action

text: in

text: world

text: history

text: Following

text: a

text: model

text: initiated

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: bank

text: rescue

text: package

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: European

text: nations

text: and

text: the

text: USA

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: debt

text: issued

text: by

text: their

text: banks

text: and

text: raised

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: their

text: national

text: banking

text: systems

text: ultimately

text: purchasing

text: trillion

text: newly

text: issued

text: preferred

text: stock

text: in

text: their

text: major

text: banks

text: In

text: October

text: Nobel

text: laureate

text: Joseph

text: Stiglitz

text: explained

text: how

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: was

text: implementing

text: another

text: monetary

text: policy

text: —creating

text: currency—

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: to

text: combat

text: the

text: liquidity

text: trap

text: By

text: creating

text: billion

text: and

text: inserting[clarification

text: needed

text: this

text: directly

text: into

text: banks

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: intended

text: to

text: spur

text: banks

text: to

text: finance

text: more

text: domestic

text: loans

text: and

text: refinance

text: mortgages

text: However

text: banks

text: instead

text: were

text: spending

text: the

text: money

text: in

text: more

text: profitable

text: areas

text: by

text: investing

text: internationally

text: in

text: emerging

text: markets

text: Banks

text: were

text: also

text: investing

text: in

text: foreign

text: currencies

text: which

text: Stiglitz

text: and

text: others

text: point

text: out

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: currency

text: wars

text: while

text: China

text: redirects

text: its

text: currency

text: holdings

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse?

answer: credit freeze

text: credit freeze

question: How much government debt and troubled private assets did central banks purchase during the last quarter of 2008?

answer: US$2.5 trillion

text: US$2.5 trillion

question: How much preferred stock did governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks?

answer: $1.5 trillion

text: $1.5 trillion

question: In October 2010, who was the Nobel laureate that explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap?

answer: Joseph Stiglitz

text: Joseph Stiglitz

question: What did the banks chose to do with the money created by the Federal Reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages?

answer: investing internationally in emerging markets

text: investing internationally in emerging markets


text: In January 1920, Tito and his wife made a long and difficult journey home to Yugoslavia where he arrived in September. Upon his return, Broz joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The CPY's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly. In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party. Winning numerous local elections, they gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb, electing Svetozar Delić for mayor. After the assassination of Milorad Drašković, the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, by a young communist on 2 August 1921, the CPY was declared illegal under the Yugoslav State Security Act of 1921. During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified. Broz continued his work underground despite pressure on Communists from the government. As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist. In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard. He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike. He was fired and moved to Belgrade, where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka. He was elected as Workers' Commissary but was fired as soon as his CPY membership was revealed. Broz then moved to Zagreb, where he was appointed secretary of Metal Workers' Union of Croatia. In 1928, he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY. In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail. During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor. After his release, he lived incognito and assumed numerous noms de guerre, among them "Walter" and "Tito".

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: In

text: January

text: Tito

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: made

text: a

text: long

text: and

text: difficult

text: journey

text: home

text: to

text: Yugoslavia

text: where

text: he

text: arrived

text: in

text: September

text: Upon

text: his

text: return

text: Broz

text: joined

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: The

text: CPY

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: political

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: was

text: growing

text: rapidly

text: In

text: the

text: elections

text: the

text: Communists

text: won

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: parliament

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: third

text: strongest

text: party

text: Winning

text: numerous

text: local

text: elections

text: they

text: gained

text: a

text: stronghold

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Zagreb

text: electing

text: Svetozar

text: Delić

text: for

text: mayor

text: After

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Milorad

text: Drašković

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: by

text: a

text: young

text: communist

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: CPY

text: was

text: declared

text: illegal

text: under

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: State

text: Security

text: Act

text: of

text: During

text: and

text: all

text: Communist

text: won

text: mandates

text: were

text: nullified

text: Broz

text: continued

text: his

text: work

text: underground

text: despite

text: pressure

text: on

text: Communists

text: from

text: the

text: government

text: As

text: began

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: Veliko

text: Trojstvo

text: near

text: Bjelovar

text: and

text: found

text: work

text: as

text: a

text: machinist

text: In

text: Broz

text: moved

text: to

text: Kraljevica

text: where

text: he

text: started

text: working

text: at

text: a

text: shipyard

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: a

text: union

text: leader

text: and

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: he

text: led

text: a

text: shipyard

text: strike

text: He

text: was

text: fired

text: and

text: moved

text: to

text: Belgrade

text: where

text: he

text: worked

text: in

text: a

text: train

text: coach

text: factory

text: in

text: Smederevska

text: Palanka

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: Workers

text: Commissary

text: but

text: was

text: fired

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: his

text: CPY

text: membership

text: was

text: revealed

text: Broz

text: then

text: moved

text: to

text: Zagreb

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: secretary

text: of

text: Metal

text: Workers

text: Union

text: of

text: Croatia

text: In

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: Zagreb

text: Branch

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: CPY

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: he

text: was

text: arrested

text: tried

text: in

text: court

text: for

text: his

text: illegal

text: communist

text: activities

text: and

text: sent

text: to

text: jail

text: During

text: his

text: five

text: years

text: at

text: Lepoglava

text: prison

text: he

text: met

text: Moša

text: Pijade

text: who

text: became

text: his

text: ideological

text: mentor

text: After

text: his

text: release

text: he

text: lived

text: incognito

text: and

text: assumed

text: numerous

text: noms

text: de

text: guerre

text: among

text: them

text: Walter

text: and

text: Tito

question: How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia?

answer: 59

question: Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?

answer: Svetozar Delić

text: Svetozar Delić

question: Where did Broz move in 1921?

answer: Veliko Trojstvo

text: Veliko Trojstvo

question: How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for?

answer: five years

text: five years

question: Who became his ideological mentor in prison?

answer: Moša Pijade,

text: Moša Pijade,


text: According to this theory, the conditions for the truth of a sentence as well as the sentences themselves are part of a metalanguage. So, for example, the sentence "Snow is white" is true if and only if snow is white. Although many philosophers have interpreted, and continue to interpret, Tarski's theory as a deflationary theory, Popper refers to it as a theory in which "is true" is replaced with "corresponds to the facts". He bases this interpretation on the fact that examples such as the one described above refer to two things: assertions and the facts to which they refer. He identifies Tarski's formulation of the truth conditions of sentences as the introduction of a "metalinguistic predicate" and distinguishes the following cases:

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: theory

text: the

text: conditions

text: for

text: the

text: truth

text: of

text: a

text: sentence

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: sentences

text: themselves

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: metalanguage

text: So

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: sentence

text: Snow

text: is

text: white

text: is

text: true

text: if

text: and

text: only

text: if

text: snow

text: is

text: white

text: Although

text: many

text: philosophers

text: have

text: interpreted

text: and

text: continue

text: to

text: interpret

text: Tarski

text: 's

text: theory

text: as

text: a

text: deflationary

text: theory

text: Popper

text: refers

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: theory

text: in

text: which

text: is

text: true

text: is

text: replaced

text: with

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: facts

text: He

text: bases

text: this

text: interpretation

text: on

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: examples

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: one

text: described

text: above

text: refer

text: to

text: two

text: things

text: assertions

text: and

text: the

text: facts

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: refer

text: He

text: identifies

text: Tarski

text: 's

text: formulation

text: of

text: the

text: truth

text: conditions

text: of

text: sentences

text: as

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: a

text: metalinguistic

text: predicate

text: and

text: distinguishes

text: the

text: following

text: cases

question: What term do philosophers give to the kind of theory Tarski proposed about truth?

answer: deflationary

text: deflationary

question: With what does Popper say Tarski's theory replaces the predicate "is true?"

answer: "corresponds to the facts"

text: "corresponds to the facts"

question: What concept did Tarski introduce to discuss the conditions for the truth of statements?

answer: metalanguage

text: metalanguage

question: What two things does Popper argue Tarski's theory involves in an evaluation of truth?

answer: assertions and the facts to which they refer

text: assertions and the facts to which they refer

question: What is not part of a metalanguage?

text: conditions for the truth of a sentence

question: When is the sentence "Snow is white" untrue?

text: if snow is white

question: What does Popper interpret as a deflationary theory?

text: Tarski's theory

question: What does Tarski base his interpretation of Popper on?

question: What does Tarski identify Popper's formulation of the truth conditions of sentences as?


text: For the 2001 general election The Times declared its support for Tony Blair's Labour government, which was re-elected by a landslide. It supported Labour again in 2005, when Labour achieved a third successive win, though with a reduced majority. For the 2010 general election, however, the newspaper declared its support for the Tories once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: For

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: The

text: Times

text: declared

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: 's

text: Labour

text: government

text: which

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: by

text: a

text: landslide

text: It

text: supported

text: Labour

text: again

text: in

text: when

text: Labour

text: achieved

text: a

text: third

text: successive

text: win

text: though

text: with

text: a

text: reduced

text: majority

text: For

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: however

text: the

text: newspaper

text: declared

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: Tories

text: once

text: again

text: the

text: election

text: ended

text: in

text: the

text: Tories

text: taking

text: the

text: most

text: votes

text: and

text: seats

text: but

text: having

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: coalition

text: with

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Democrats

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: government

text: as

text: they

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: gain

text: an

text: overall

text: majority

question: In the 2001 general election, The Times declared support for what political party?

answer: Labour

text: Labour

question: What is the name of the political party's leader that The Times supported in the 2001 general election?

answer: Tony Blair

text: Tony Blair

question: For the 2010 general election, which political party did The Times support?

answer: Tories

text: Tories

question: What political party did the Tories have to form a coalition with in 2010?

answer: Liberal Democrats

text: Liberal Democrats

question: What political party was re-elected by a landslide in 2001?

answer: Labour

text: Labour


text: Oklahoma City is on the I-35 Corridor and is one of the primary travel corridors into neighboring Texas and Mexico. Located in the Frontier Country region of the state, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889, and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. The city was the scene of the April 19, 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died. It was the deadliest terror attack in the history of the United States until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: Corridor

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: travel

text: corridors

text: into

text: neighboring

text: Texas

text: and

text: Mexico

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Frontier

text: Country

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: northeast

text: section

text: lies

text: in

text: an

text: ecological

text: region

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cross

text: Timbers

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: founded

text: during

text: the

text: Land

text: Run

text: of

text: and

text: grew

text: to

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: within

text: hours

text: of

text: its

text: founding

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: the

text: scene

text: of

text: the

text: April

text: bombing

text: of

text: the

text: Alfred

text: P.

text: Murrah

text: Federal

text: Building

text: in

text: which

text: people

text: died

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: deadliest

text: terror

text: attack

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: until

text: the

text: attacks

text: of

text: September

text: and

text: remains

text: the

text: deadliest

text: act

text: of

text: domestic

text: terrorism

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

question: What corridor is Oklahoma City situated in?

answer: I-35 Corridor

text: I-35 Corridor

question: When was the city founded?

answer: 1889

question: When was the Oklahoma City bombing?

answer: 1995

question: What was the name of the building involved in the bombing?

answer: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building

text: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building


text: Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the "Lady of the Angels".

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Orthodox

text: Christianity

text: includes

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: traditions

text: regarding

text: the

text: Ever

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: The

text: Orthodox

text: believe

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: and

text: remained

text: a

text: virgin

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: Christ

text: 's

text: birth

text: The

text: Theotokia

text: i.e.

text: hymns

text: to

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: are

text: an

text: essential

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Divine

text: Services

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Church

text: and

text: their

text: positioning

text: within

text: the

text: liturgical

text: sequence

text: effectively

text: places

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: place

text: after

text: Christ

text: Within

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: tradition

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: the

text: saints

text: begins

text: with

text: The

text: Theotokos

text: Angels

text: Prophets

text: Apostles

text: Fathers

text: Martyrs

text: etc

text: giving

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: precedence

text: over

text: the

text: angels

text: She

text: is

text: also

text: proclaimed

text: as

text: the

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: Angels

question: In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints?

answer: Angels

text: Angels

question: What are hymns to the Theotokos called in Orthodox tradition?

answer: The Theotokia

text: The Theotokia

question: In the liturgical sequences of the Eastern Church, who is placed next in prominence after Christ?

answer: the Theotokos

text: the Theotokos

question: What is Mary proclaimed to be in the Orthodox tradition?

answer: "Lady of the Angels"

text: "Lady of the Angels"

question: What do the Orthodox believe Mary remained to be before and after she gave birth to Christ?

answer: a virgin

text: a virgin

question: Who did Mary proclaim that she was?

text: Lady of the Angels

question: What church did Mary give The Theotokia to?

text: the Eastern Church

question: Who does the Virgin Mary say that she takes precedence over?

text: the angels

question: What services did Mary perform in the Eastern Church?

text: Divine Services


text: Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities. In the long term, these efforts were generally unsuccessful because specialized database machines could not keep pace with the rapid development and progress of general-purpose computers. Thus most database systems nowadays are software systems running on general-purpose hardware, using general-purpose computer data storage. However this idea is still pursued for certain applications by some companies like Netezza and Oracle (Exadata).

title: Database

title: Database

text: Another

text: approach

text: to

text: hardware

text: support

text: for

text: database

text: management

text: was

text: ICL

text: 's

text: CAFS

text: accelerator

text: a

text: hardware

text: disk

text: controller

text: with

text: programmable

text: search

text: capabilities

text: In

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: these

text: efforts

text: were

text: generally

text: unsuccessful

text: because

text: specialized

text: database

text: machines

text: could

text: not

text: keep

text: pace

text: with

text: the

text: rapid

text: development

text: and

text: progress

text: of

text: general

text: purpose

text: computers

text: Thus

text: most

text: database

text: systems

text: nowadays

text: are

text: software

text: systems

text: running

text: on

text: general

text: purpose

text: hardware

text: using

text: general

text: purpose

text: computer

text: data

text: storage

text: However

text: this

text: idea

text: is

text: still

text: pursued

text: for

text: certain

text: applications

text: by

text: some

text: companies

text: like

text: Netezza

text: and

text: Oracle

text: Exadata

question: What is a CAFS accelerator?

answer: a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities

text: a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities

question: Did the CAFS accelerator work as planned?

answer: efforts were generally unsuccessful

text: efforts were generally unsuccessful

question: How are today's database systems run?

answer: general-purpose hardware

text: general-purpose hardware

question: Name a company that is still working on the CAFS accellerator?

answer: Netezza and Oracle (Exadata)

text: Netezza and Oracle (Exadata)

question: What is a CAFS decelerator?

question: What is no longer used in modern database systems?

text: general-purpose hardware

question: What companies still work on the CAFS decelerator?

text: Netezza and Oracle (Exadata)

question: What are rarely seen nowadays?

question: What was a failed approach to hardware support for database management?

text: ICL's CAFS accelerator


text: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: With

text: acres

text: the

text: Tallgrass

text: Prairie

text: Preserve

text: in

text: north

text: central

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: protected

text: area

text: of

text: tallgrass

text: prairie

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: ecosystem

text: that

text: encompasses

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: former

text: land

text: area

text: once

text: covering

text: states

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: Black

text: Kettle

text: National

text: Grassland

text: covers

text: acres

text: of

text: prairie

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: Wichita

text: Mountains

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: largest

text: of

text: nine

text: national

text: wildlife

text: refuges

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: encompassing

text: acres

question: How large is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?

answer: 39,000 acres

text: 39,000 acres

question: What part of Oklahoma is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in?

answer: north-central

text: north-central

question: The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is the largest protected tallgrass prairie in what area?

answer: the world

text: the world

question: How many states were originally covered by the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?

answer: 14

question: How many national wildlife refuges are in Oklahoma?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: Up until the mid-14th century, Europe had experienced steadily increasing urbanisation. Cities were also decimated by the Black Death, but the role of urban areas as centres of learning, commerce and government ensured continued growth. By 1500, Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople each probably had more than 100,000 inhabitants. Twenty-two other cities were larger than 40,000; most of these were in Italy and the Iberian peninsula, but there were also some in France, the Empire, the Low Countries, plus London in England.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Up

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: Europe

text: had

text: experienced

text: steadily

text: increasing

text: urbanisation

text: Cities

text: were

text: also

text: decimated

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: but

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: urban

text: areas

text: as

text: centres

text: of

text: learning

text: commerce

text: and

text: government

text: ensured

text: continued

text: growth

text: By

text: Venice

text: Milan

text: Naples

text: Paris

text: and

text: Constantinople

text: each

text: probably

text: had

text: more

text: than

text: inhabitants

text: Twenty

text: two

text: other

text: cities

text: were

text: larger

text: than

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: the

text: Iberian

text: peninsula

text: but

text: there

text: were

text: also

text: some

text: in

text: France

text: the

text: Empire

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: plus

text: London

text: in

text: England

question: Which European cities likely had populations greater than 100,000 in 1500?

answer: Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople

text: Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople

question: How many other cities had populations larger than 40,000 by 1500?

answer: Twenty-two

text: Twenty-two

question: What event decimated urban populations in the 14th century?

answer: the Black Death

text: the Black Death

question: Which English city had a population greater than 40,000 in 1500?

answer: London

text: London

question: Which European cities likely had populations greater than 1,000,000 in 1500?

question: Which European cities likely had populations less than 100,000 in 1500?

question: How many other cities had populations larger than 40,000 by 1600?

text: Twenty-two

question: What event decimated urban populations in the 13th century?

text: the Black Death

question: Which English city had a population greater than 40,000 in 1600?

text: London