text: Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre. There is also the Southampton Evening Cricket League.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Hampshire

text: County

text: Cricket

text: Club

text: play

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: at

text: the

text: Rose

text: Bowl

text: in

text: West

text: End

text: after

text: previously

text: playing

text: at

text: the

text: County

text: Cricket

text: Ground

text: and

text: the

text: Antelope

text: Ground

text: both

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: Southampton

text: Evening

text: Cricket

text: League

question: At what venue does the Hampshire County Cricket Club play?

answer: the Rose Bowl

text: the Rose Bowl

question: What part of the city is the Rose Bowl in?

answer: West End

text: West End

question: Besides the County Cricket Ground, at what other cricket ground did the Hampshire County Cricket Club used to play?

answer: the Antelope Ground

text: the Antelope Ground

question: Besides the Hampshire County Cricket Club, what's the name of the other cricket league in Southampton?

answer: the Southampton Evening Cricket League

text: the Southampton Evening Cricket League


text: In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for a food supply, but altitudinal migration occurs in some tropical birds. There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: In

text: the

text: tropics

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: variation

text: in

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: day

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: always

text: warm

text: enough

text: for

text: a

text: food

text: supply

text: but

text: altitudinal

text: migration

text: occurs

text: in

text: some

text: tropical

text: birds

text: There

text: is

text: evidence

text: that

text: this

text: enables

text: the

text: migrants

text: to

text: obtain

text: more

text: of

text: their

text: preferred

text: foods

text: such

text: as

text: fruits

question: Where is there little variation in the length of day throughout the year?

answer: In the tropics

text: In the tropics

question: Why does altitudinal migration occur in some tropical birds?

answer: to obtain more of their preferred foods

text: to obtain more of their preferred foods

question: What are tropical birds preferred foods?

answer: fruits

text: fruits

question: Where is it always warm enough for food supply?

answer: In the tropics

text: In the tropics


text: eSATA does not supply power to external devices. This is an increasing disadvantage compared to USB. Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage. eSATAp (power over eSATA; aka ESATA/USB) is a connector introduced in 2009 that supplies power to attached devices using a new, backward compatible, connector. On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies only 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD; on a desktop workstation it can additionally supply 12 V to power larger devices including 3.5-inch HDD/SSD and 5.25-inch optical drives.

title: USB

title: USB

text: eSATA

text: does

text: not

text: supply

text: power

text: to

text: external

text: devices

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: increasing

text: disadvantage

text: compared

text: to

text: USB

text: Even

text: though

text: USB

text: 's

text: W

text: is

text: sometimes

text: insufficient

text: to

text: power

text: external

text: hard

text: drives

text: technology

text: is

text: advancing

text: and

text: external

text: drives

text: gradually

text: need

text: less

text: power

text: diminishing

text: the

text: eSATA

text: advantage

text: eSATAp

text: power

text: over

text: eSATA

text: aka

text: ESATA

text: USB

text: is

text: a

text: connector

text: introduced

text: in

text: that

text: supplies

text: power

text: to

text: attached

text: devices

text: using

text: a

text: new

text: backward

text: compatible

text: connector

text: On

text: a

text: notebook

text: eSATAp

text: usually

text: supplies

text: only

text: V

text: to

text: power

text: a

text: HDD

text: SSD

text: on

text: a

text: desktop

text: workstation

text: it

text: can

text: additionally

text: supply

text: V

text: to

text: power

text: larger

text: devices

text: including

text: HDD

text: SSD

text: and

text: optical

text: drives

question: eSATA does not supply power to what?

answer: external devices

text: external devices

question: Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is what?

answer: advancing and external drives gradually need less power

text: advancing and external drives gradually need less power

question: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power?

answer: 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD

text: 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD


text: Plant physiology encompasses all the internal chemical and physical activities of plants associated with life. Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism. The energy of sunlight, captured by oxygenic photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration, is the basis of almost all life. Photoautotrophs, including all green plants, algae and cyanobacteria gather energy directly from sunlight by photosynthesis. Heterotrophs including all animals, all fungi, all completely parasitic plants, and non-photosynthetic bacteria take in organic molecules produced by photoautotrophs and respire them or use them in the construction of cells and tissues. Respiration is the oxidation of carbon compounds by breaking them down into simpler structures to release the energy they contain, essentially the opposite of photosynthesis.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Plant

text: physiology

text: encompasses

text: all

text: the

text: internal

text: chemical

text: and

text: physical

text: activities

text: of

text: plants

text: associated

text: with

text: life

text: Chemicals

text: obtained

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: soil

text: and

text: water

text: form

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: all

text: plant

text: metabolism

text: The

text: energy

text: of

text: sunlight

text: captured

text: by

text: oxygenic

text: photosynthesis

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: cellular

text: respiration

text: is

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: almost

text: all

text: life

text: Photoautotrophs

text: including

text: all

text: green

text: plants

text: algae

text: and

text: cyanobacteria

text: gather

text: energy

text: directly

text: from

text: sunlight

text: by

text: photosynthesis

text: Heterotrophs

text: including

text: all

text: animals

text: all

text: fungi

text: all

text: completely

text: parasitic

text: plants

text: and

text: non

text: photosynthetic

text: bacteria

text: take

text: in

text: organic

text: molecules

text: produced

text: by

text: photoautotrophs

text: and

text: respire

text: them

text: or

text: use

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: cells

text: and

text: tissues

text: Respiration

text: is

text: the

text: oxidation

text: of

text: carbon

text: compounds

text: by

text: breaking

text: them

text: down

text: into

text: simpler

text: structures

text: to

text: release

text: the

text: energy

text: they

text: contain

text: essentially

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: photosynthesis

question: What does the plant use for internal processes?

answer: Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water

text: Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water

question: Where do plants get their energy?

answer: sunlight

text: sunlight

question: How do animals use plants?

answer: in the construction of cells and tissues

text: in the construction of cells and tissues

question: Is respiration in animals similar to photosynthesis in plants?

answer: opposite of photosynthesis

text: opposite of photosynthesis

question: What is the basis of plant physiology?

answer: internal chemical and physical activities

text: internal chemical and physical activities


text: The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, where in researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. Part of the legacy of the early development of the field lingers in the methods (much of cultural sociological research is qualitative), in the theories (a variety of critical approaches to sociology are central to current research communities), and in the substantive focus of the field. For instance, relationships between popular culture, political control, and social class were early and lasting concerns in the field.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: The

text: sociology

text: of

text: culture

text: grew

text: from

text: the

text: intersection

text: between

text: sociology

text: as

text: shaped

text: by

text: early

text: theorists

text: like

text: Marx

text: Durkheim

text: and

text: Weber

text: with

text: the

text: growing

text: discipline

text: of

text: anthropology

text: where

text: in

text: researchers

text: pioneered

text: ethnographic

text: strategies

text: for

text: describing

text: and

text: analyzing

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: cultures

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: legacy

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: lingers

text: in

text: the

text: methods

text: much

text: of

text: cultural

text: sociological

text: research

text: is

text: qualitative

text: in

text: the

text: theories

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: critical

text: approaches

text: to

text: sociology

text: are

text: central

text: to

text: current

text: research

text: communities

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: substantive

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: For

text: instance

text: relationships

text: between

text: popular

text: culture

text: political

text: control

text: and

text: social

text: class

text: were

text: early

text: and

text: lasting

text: concerns

text: in

text: the

text: field

question: Which three early theorist helped shape sociology of culture?

answer: Marx, Durkheim, and Weber

text: Marx, Durkheim, and Weber

question: What were the early concerns for the field of Sociology culture?

answer: popular culture, political control, and social class

text: popular culture, political control, and social class

question: What is most of the research into sociological culture ?

answer: qualitative

text: qualitative

question: Which three early theorists helped eliminate the sociology of culture?

text: Marx, Durkheim, and Weber

question: What were the main elements for the field of Sociology culture?

question: What is the least of the research into sociological culture ?

text: qualitative

question: What were never concerns in the field?


text: On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name. He said, "the recent decision to ban extremist groups promoting militancy was taken in the national interest after thorough consultations. It was not taken under any foreign influence".

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: On

text: January

text: Musharraf

text: gave

text: a

text: speech

text: against

text: Islamic

text: extremism

text: He

text: unequivocally

text: condemned

text: all

text: acts

text: of

text: terrorism

text: and

text: pledged

text: to

text: combat

text: Islamic

text: extremism

text: and

text: lawlessness

text: within

text: Pakistan

text: itself

text: He

text: stated

text: that

text: his

text: government

text: was

text: committed

text: to

text: rooting

text: out

text: extremism

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: banned

text: militant

text: organizations

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: resurface

text: under

text: any

text: new

text: name

text: He

text: said

text: the

text: recent

text: decision

text: to

text: ban

text: extremist

text: groups

text: promoting

text: militancy

text: was

text: taken

text: in

text: the

text: national

text: interest

text: after

text: thorough

text: consultations

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: taken

text: under

text: any

text: foreign

text: influence

question: When did Musharraf give an anti-Islamism speech?

answer: 12 January 2002

text: 12 January 2002

question: What did Musharraf say he'd combat?

answer: Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan

text: Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan

question: What did Musharraf ban?

answer: militant organizations

text: militant organizations

question: What did Musharraf say his ban wasn't influenced by?

answer: foreign influence

text: foreign influence

question: Who gave a speech for Islamic extremism?

text: Musharraf

question: When were the militant organizations banned?

text: 12 January 2002

question: What was extremism committed to rooting out?

text: his government

question: Who was involved in the consultations?

text: foreign influence

question: What would be allowed to give itself a new name?

text: militant organizations


text: The oldest brain to have been discovered was in Armenia in the Areni-1 cave complex. The brain, estimated to be over 5,000 years old, was found in the skull of a 12 to 14-year-old girl. Although the brains were shriveled, they were well preserved due to the climate found inside the cave.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: The

text: oldest

text: brain

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: discovered

text: was

text: in

text: Armenia

text: in

text: the

text: cave

text: complex

text: The

text: brain

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: skull

text: of

text: a

text: to

text: old

text: girl

text: Although

text: the

text: brains

text: were

text: shriveled

text: they

text: were

text: well

text: preserved

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: climate

text: found

text: inside

text: the

text: cave

question: Where was the oldest brain that was found?

answer: Armenia

text: Armenia

question: How old was the oldest brain discovered thought to be?

answer: over 5,000 years old

text: over 5,000 years old

question: The oldest known brain discovered was found in how old of a person?

answer: 12 to 14-year-old

text: 12 to 14-year-old

question: The oldest brain found in a cave was from what gender of human?

answer: girl

text: girl


text: The "religious test" clause has been interpreted to cover both elected officials and appointed ones, career civil servants as well as political appointees. Religious beliefs or the lack of them have therefore not been permissible tests or qualifications with regard to federal employees since the ratification of the Constitution. Seven states, however, have language included in their Bill of Rights, Declaration of Rights, or in the body of their constitutions that require state office-holders to have particular religious beliefs, though some of these have been successfully challenged in court. These states are Texas, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Tennessee.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: religious

text: test

text: clause

text: has

text: been

text: interpreted

text: to

text: cover

text: both

text: elected

text: officials

text: and

text: appointed

text: ones

text: career

text: civil

text: servants

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: political

text: appointees

text: Religious

text: beliefs

text: or

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: them

text: have

text: therefore

text: not

text: been

text: permissible

text: tests

text: or

text: qualifications

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: federal

text: employees

text: since

text: the

text: ratification

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: Seven

text: states

text: however

text: have

text: language

text: included

text: in

text: their

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Rights

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: their

text: constitutions

text: that

text: require

text: state

text: office

text: holders

text: to

text: have

text: particular

text: religious

text: beliefs

text: though

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: have

text: been

text: successfully

text: challenged

text: in

text: court

text: These

text: states

text: are

text: Texas

text: Massachusetts

text: Maryland

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Pennsylvania

text: South

text: Carolina

text: and

text: Tennessee

question: What clause are both elected officials and appointed ones covered by?

answer: religious test

text: religious test

question: What type of beliefs are not an allowed job qualification test for federal employees?

answer: Religious

text: Religious

question: How many states violate the religious test clause with language somewhere in their official policies?

answer: Seven

text: Seven

question: What do states violate the clause require state office-holders to possess?

answer: particular religious beliefs

text: particular religious beliefs

question: What clause are neither elected officials and appointed ones covered by?

text: religious test

question: What type of beliefs are an allowed job qualification test for federal employees?

text: religious

question: How many states violate the religious test clause without language somewhere in their official policies?

text: Seven

question: What don't states violate the clause require state office-holders to possess?

text: particular religious beliefs


text: Silicon Alley, centered in Manhattan, has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the New York City metropolitan region's high technology industries involving the Internet, new media, telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, financial technology ("fintech"), and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments. In the first half of 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$3.7 billion in venture capital investment across a broad spectrum of high technology enterprises, most based in Manhattan, with others in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York City and the region, bolstered by the city's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines, New York's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity. Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City. As of 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Silicon

text: Alley

text: centered

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: has

text: evolved

text: into

text: a

text: metonym

text: for

text: the

text: sphere

text: encompassing

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: 's

text: high

text: technology

text: industries

text: involving

text: the

text: Internet

text: new

text: media

text: telecommunications

text: digital

text: media

text: software

text: development

text: biotechnology

text: game

text: design

text: financial

text: technology

text: fintech

text: and

text: other

text: fields

text: within

text: information

text: technology

text: that

text: are

text: supported

text: by

text: its

text: entrepreneurship

text: ecosystem

text: and

text: venture

text: capital

text: investments

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: Silicon

text: Alley

text: generated

text: over

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: venture

text: capital

text: investment

text: across

text: a

text: broad

text: spectrum

text: of

text: high

text: technology

text: enterprises

text: most

text: based

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: with

text: others

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: Queens

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: High

text: technology

text: startup

text: companies

text: and

text: employment

text: are

text: growing

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: region

text: bolstered

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: position

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: as

text: the

text: leading

text: Internet

text: hub

text: and

text: telecommunications

text: center

text: including

text: its

text: vicinity

text: to

text: several

text: transatlantic

text: fiber

text: optic

text: trunk

text: lines

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: intellectual

text: capital

text: and

text: its

text: extensive

text: outdoor

text: wireless

text: connectivity

text: Verizon

text: Communications

text: headquartered

text: at

text: West

text: Street

text: in

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: final

text: stages

text: in

text: of

text: completing

text: a

text: US$

text: billion

text: fiberoptic

text: telecommunications

text: upgrade

text: throughout

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: As

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: hosted

text: employees

text: in

text: the

text: tech

text: sector

question: In what borough is Silicon Alley located?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: What is the street address of the headquarters of Verizon Communciations?

answer: 140 West Street

text: 140 West Street

question: How much did Verizon spend on fiber optic upgrades in New York City?

answer: US$3 billion

text: US$3 billion

question: Approximately how many tech sector jobs are in New York City?

answer: 300,000

question: The technology sector of work in NYC has how many employees in its service?

answer: 300,000


text: The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 150 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums in the US as of 2004. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2009, "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions" were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and the latter was voted the world's favourite song in a global music poll.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: band

text: have

text: released

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: eighteen

text: number

text: one

text: albums

text: eighteen

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: and

text: ten

text: number

text: one

text: DVDs

text: worldwide

text: making

text: them

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: music

text: artists

text: Queen

text: have

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: records

text: with

text: some

text: estimates

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: million

text: records

text: worldwide

text: including

text: million

text: albums

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: as

text: of

text: Inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Rock

text: and

text: Roll

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: in

text: the

text: band

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: group

text: in

text: which

text: every

text: member

text: has

text: composed

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: chart

text: topping

text: single

text: and

text: all

text: four

text: members

text: were

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Songwriters

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: in

text: In

text: We

text: Will

text: Rock

text: You

text: and

text: We

text: Are

text: the

text: Champions

text: were

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: and

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: voted

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: favourite

text: song

text: in

text: a

text: global

text: music

text: poll

question: How many number one albums has Queen released?

answer: eighteen

text: eighteen

question: How many number one singles did Queen release?

answer: eighteen

text: eighteen

question: How many number one DVD's has Queen released?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: How many albums has Queen sold worldwide?

answer: over 150 million

text: over 150 million

question: When was Queen inducted into the Hall of Fame?

answer: 2001


text: In its long history, Valencia has acquired many local traditions and festivals, among them the Falles, which were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest (Fiestas de Interés Turístico Internacional) on 25 January 1965, and the Water Tribunal of Valencia (Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia), which was declared an intangible cultural heritage of humanity (Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad) in 2009. In addition to these Valencia has hosted world-class events that helped shape the city's reputation and put it in the international spotlight, e.g., the Regional Exhibition of 1909, the 32nd and the 33rd America's Cup competitions, the European Grand Prix of Formula One auto racing, the Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament, and the Global Champions Tour of equestrian sports.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: In

text: its

text: long

text: history

text: Valencia

text: has

text: acquired

text: many

text: local

text: traditions

text: and

text: festivals

text: among

text: them

text: the

text: Falles

text: which

text: were

text: declared

text: Celebrations

text: of

text: International

text: Touristic

text: Interest

text: Fiestas

text: de

text: Interés

text: Turístico

text: Internacional

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: the

text: Water

text: Tribunal

text: of

text: Valencia

text: Tribunal

text: de

text: las

text: Aguas

text: de

text: Valencia

text: which

text: was

text: declared

text: an

text: intangible

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: of

text: humanity

text: Patrimonio

text: Cultural

text: Inmaterial

text: de

text: la

text: Humanidad

text: in

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: these

text: Valencia

text: has

text: hosted

text: world

text: class

text: events

text: that

text: helped

text: shape

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: reputation

text: and

text: put

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: international

text: spotlight

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Regional

text: Exhibition

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: America

text: 's

text: Cup

text: competitions

text: the

text: European

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: of

text: Formula

text: One

text: auto

text: racing

text: the

text: Valencia

text: Open

text: tennis

text: tournament

text: and

text: the

text: Global

text: Champions

text: Tour

text: of

text: equestrian

text: sports

question: Which America's Cup competitions did Valencia host?

answer: the 32nd and the 33rd

text: the 32nd and the 33rd

question: What equestrian event has Valencia hosted?

answer: Global Champions Tour

text: Global Champions Tour

question: What tennis event has Valencia hosted?

answer: Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament

text: Valencia Open 500 tennis tournament

question: When was the Water Tribunal declared a cultural heritage of humanity?

answer: 2009

question: What Valencian festivals were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest?

answer: Falles

text: Falles


text: Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or "emptiness", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally "own-nature" or "self-nature"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are "empty" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the Mādhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Mahayana

text: Buddhism

text: received

text: significant

text: theoretical

text: grounding

text: from

text: Nagarjuna

text: perhaps

text: c.

text: CE

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: scholar

text: within

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: tradition

text: Nagarjuna

text: 's

text: primary

text: contribution

text: to

text: Buddhist

text: philosophy

text: was

text: the

text: systematic

text: exposition

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: śūnyatā

text: or

text: emptiness

text: widely

text: attested

text: in

text: the

text: Prajñāpāramitā

text: sutras

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: his

text: era

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: emptiness

text: brings

text: together

text: other

text: key

text: Buddhist

text: doctrines

text: particularly

text: anatta

text: and

text: dependent

text: origination

text: to

text: refute

text: the

text: metaphysics

text: of

text: Sarvastivada

text: and

text: Sautrantika

text: extinct

text: non

text: Mahayana

text: schools

text: For

text: Nagarjuna

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: merely

text: sentient

text: beings

text: that

text: are

text: empty

text: of

text: ātman

text: all

text: phenomena

text: dharmas

text: are

text: without

text: any

text: svabhava

text: literally

text: own

text: nature

text: or

text: self

text: nature

text: and

text: thus

text: without

text: any

text: underlying

text: essence

text: they

text: are

text: empty

text: of

text: being

text: independent

text: thus

text: the

text: heterodox

text: theories

text: of

text: svabhava

text: circulating

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: were

text: refuted

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: doctrines

text: of

text: early

text: Buddhism

text: Nagarjuna

text: 's

text: school

text: of

text: thought

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Mādhyamaka

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: writings

text: attributed

text: to

text: Nagarjuna

text: made

text: explicit

text: references

text: to

text: Mahayana

text: texts

text: but

text: his

text: philosophy

text: was

text: argued

text: within

text: the

text: parameters

text: set

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: agamas

text: He

text: may

text: have

text: arrived

text: at

text: his

text: positions

text: from

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: achieve

text: a

text: consistent

text: exegesis

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: as

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: Canon

text: In

text: the

text: eyes

text: of

text: Nagarjuna

text: the

text: Buddha

text: was

text: not

text: merely

text: a

text: forerunner

text: but

text: the

text: very

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Mādhyamaka

text: system

question: Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what?

answer: śūnyatā

text: śūnyatā

question: What does sunyata mean?

answer: emptiness

text: emptiness

question: Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what?

answer: ātman

text: ātman

question: What does dharmas mean?

answer: phenomena

text: phenomena


text: Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Matsushita

text: provided

text: a

text: cash

text: infusion

text: but

text: the

text: clash

text: of

text: cultures

text: was

text: too

text: great

text: to

text: overcome

text: and

text: five

text: years

text: later

text: Matsushita

text: sold

text: an

text: stake

text: in

text: MCA

text: Universal

text: to

text: Canadian

text: drinks

text: distributor

text: Seagram

text: for

text: billion

text: Seagram

text: sold

text: off

text: its

text: stake

text: in

text: DuPont

text: to

text: fund

text: this

text: expansion

text: into

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Hoping

text: to

text: build

text: an

text: entertainment

text: empire

text: around

text: Universal

text: Seagram

text: bought

text: PolyGram

text: in

text: and

text: other

text: entertainment

text: properties

text: but

text: the

text: fluctuating

text: profits

text: characteristic

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: were

text: no

text: substitute

text: for

text: the

text: reliable

text: income

text: stream

text: gained

text: from

text: the

text: previously

text: held

text: shares

text: in

text: DuPont

question: What percentage of MCA/Universal did Matsushita Electric sell five years after acquiring the company?

answer: 80%

question: To whom did Matsushita sell a large share of MCA/Universal?

answer: Seagram

text: Seagram

question: How much did Seagram pay to buy a large share of MCA/Universal?

answer: $5.7 billion

text: $5.7 billion

question: What did Seagram sell to finance their purchase of a share in MCA/Universal?

answer: its stake in DuPont

text: its stake in DuPont

question: What company did Seagram buy in 1999?

answer: PolyGram

text: PolyGram

question: What percent stake did MCA/Univeral have in Matsushita?

question: How did MCA/Universal sell their stake to?

text: Seagram

question: How much did MCA/Universal sell their stake for?

text: $5.7 billion

question: What year did PolyGram buy Seagram?


text: Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be ratified by three-quarters of either the state legislatures, or of constitutional conventions specially elected in each of the states, before it can come into effect. In referendums to amend the constitutions of Australia and Switzerland it is required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole, but also by separate majorities in each of a majority of the states or cantons. In Australia, this latter requirement is known as a double majority.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Federations

text: often

text: have

text: special

text: procedures

text: for

text: amendment

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: constitution

text: As

text: well

text: as

text: reflecting

text: the

text: federal

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: this

text: may

text: guarantee

text: that

text: the

text: self

text: governing

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: component

text: states

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: abolished

text: without

text: their

text: consent

text: An

text: amendment

text: to

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: must

text: be

text: ratified

text: by

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: state

text: legislatures

text: or

text: of

text: constitutional

text: conventions

text: specially

text: elected

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: before

text: it

text: can

text: come

text: into

text: effect

text: In

text: referendums

text: to

text: amend

text: the

text: constitutions

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: it

text: is

text: required

text: that

text: a

text: proposal

text: be

text: endorsed

text: not

text: just

text: by

text: an

text: overall

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: electorate

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: separate

text: majorities

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: or

text: cantons

text: In

text: Australia

text: this

text: latter

text: requirement

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: double

text: majority

question: What does federations have for amendments of the constitution?

answer: special procedures

text: special procedures

question: What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?

answer: federal structure

text: federal structure

question: What needs to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution?

answer: required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole

text: required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole

question: What doesn't federations have for amendments of the constitution?

text: special procedures

question: What does federations have for amendments of the conservation?

text: special procedures

question: What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states?

text: federal structure

question: What will not guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?

text: federal structure

question: What doesn't need to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution?


text: Prince Louis intended to land in the south of England in May 1216, and John assembled a naval force to intercept him. Unfortunately for John, his fleet was dispersed by bad storms and Louis landed unopposed in Kent. John hesitated and decided not to attack Louis immediately, either due to the risks of open battle or over concerns about the loyalty of his own men. Louis and the rebel barons advanced west and John retreated, spending the summer reorganising his defences across the rest of the kingdom. John saw several of his military household desert to the rebels, including his half-brother, William Longespée. By the end of the summer the rebels had regained the south-east of England and parts of the north.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Prince

text: Louis

text: intended

text: to

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: May

text: and

text: John

text: assembled

text: a

text: naval

text: force

text: to

text: intercept

text: him

text: Unfortunately

text: for

text: John

text: his

text: fleet

text: was

text: dispersed

text: by

text: bad

text: storms

text: and

text: Louis

text: landed

text: unopposed

text: in

text: Kent

text: John

text: hesitated

text: and

text: decided

text: not

text: to

text: attack

text: Louis

text: immediately

text: either

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: risks

text: of

text: open

text: battle

text: or

text: over

text: concerns

text: about

text: the

text: loyalty

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: men

text: Louis

text: and

text: the

text: rebel

text: barons

text: advanced

text: west

text: and

text: John

text: retreated

text: spending

text: the

text: summer

text: reorganising

text: his

text: defences

text: across

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: John

text: saw

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: military

text: household

text: desert

text: to

text: the

text: rebels

text: including

text: his

text: half

text: brother

text: William

text: Longespée

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: summer

text: the

text: rebels

text: had

text: regained

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: north

question: When did Prince Louis int to land in the south of England?

answer: May 1216

text: May 1216

question: Why did John hesitate to attack Louis?

answer: due to the risks of open battle

text: due to the risks of open battle

question: When did the rebels regain the south-east of England?

answer: end of the summer

text: end of the summer


text: The Vietnam War was a war fought between 1959 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos (see Secret War) and in the strategic bombing (see Operation Rolling Thunder) of North Vietnam. American advisors came in the late 1950s to help the RVN (Republic of Vietnam) combat Communist insurgents known as "Viet Cong." Major American military involvement began in 1964, after Congress provided President Lyndon B. Johnson with blanket approval for presidential use of force in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: was

text: a

text: war

text: fought

text: between

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: in

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: bordering

text: areas

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: and

text: Laos

text: see

text: Secret

text: War

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: see

text: Operation

text: Rolling

text: Thunder

text: of

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: American

text: advisors

text: came

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: help

text: the

text: RVN

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: combat

text: Communist

text: insurgents

text: known

text: as

text: Viet

text: Cong

text: Major

text: American

text: military

text: involvement

text: began

text: in

text: after

text: Congress

text: provided

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: with

text: blanket

text: approval

text: for

text: presidential

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Tonkin

text: Resolution

question: When was the Vietnam War fought?

answer: between 1959 and 1975

text: between 1959 and 1975

question: Besides Vietnam, what other countries saw fighting in this war?

answer: Cambodia and Laos

text: Cambodia and Laos

question: What was the name of the strategic bombing of North Vietnam?

answer: Operation Rolling Thunder

text: Operation Rolling Thunder

question: When did American military involvement ramp up in Vietnam?

answer: 1964

question: What congressional declaration gave President Johnson authority to send troops to Vietnam?

answer: the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

text: the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

question: When was the Chinese War fought?

text: 1959 and 1975

question: Besides China, what other countries saw fighting in this war?

text: Cambodia and Laos

question: What was the name of the bombing of South Korea?

text: Operation Rolling Thunder

question: When did American military involvement ramp up in China?

question: What congressional declaration gave President Johnson authority to send troops to China?

text: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution


text: One of the first competitions he won was the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965. He won Mr. Europe the following year, at age 19. He would go on to compete in, and win, many bodybuilding contests. His bodybuilding victories included five Mr. Universe (4 – NABBA [England], 1 – IFBB [USA]) wins, and seven Mr. Olympia wins, a record which would stand until Lee Haney won his eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title in 1991.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: competitions

text: he

text: won

text: was

text: the

text: Junior

text: Mr.

text: Europe

text: contest

text: in

text: He

text: won

text: Mr.

text: Europe

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: at

text: age

text: He

text: would

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: compete

text: in

text: and

text: win

text: many

text: bodybuilding

text: contests

text: His

text: bodybuilding

text: victories

text: included

text: five

text: Mr.

text: Universe

text: NABBA

text: England

text: IFBB

text: USA

text: wins

text: and

text: seven

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: wins

text: a

text: record

text: which

text: would

text: stand

text: until

text: Lee

text: Haney

text: won

text: his

text: eighth

text: consecutive

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: title

text: in

question: What bodybuilding title did Schwarzenegger win in 1965?

answer: Junior Mr. Europe

text: Junior Mr. Europe

question: How many times did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Olympia title?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Cartooning

text: is

text: most

text: frequently

text: used

text: in

text: making

text: comics

text: traditionally

text: using

text: ink

text: especially

text: India

text: ink

text: with

text: dip

text: pens

text: or

text: ink

text: brushes

text: mixed

text: media

text: and

text: digital

text: technology

text: have

text: become

text: common

text: Cartooning

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: motion

text: lines

text: and

text: abstract

text: symbols

text: are

text: often

text: employed

question: What type of ink is often used in making comics?

answer: India ink

text: India ink

question: What method is mostly used in making comics?

answer: Cartooning

text: Cartooning

question: Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics?

answer: digital technology

text: digital technology

question: Motion lines and what are often used in comics?

answer: abstract symbols

text: abstract symbols

question: What type of ink is never used in making comics?

text: India ink

question: What type of ink is often used in making comedies?

text: India ink

question: What method is least used in making comics?

text: Cartooning

question: Mixed media and what else are becoming unpopular for making comics?

text: digital technology

question: Motion lines and what are never used in comics?

text: abstract symbols


text: In practice, not all rule violations will result in a disqualification as the referee may use their own judgement and is not obligated to stop the match. Usually, the only offenses that the referee will see and immediately disqualify the match on (as opposed to having multiple offenses) are low blows, weapon usage, interference, or assaulting the referee. In WWE, a referee must see the violation with their own eyes to rule that the match end in a disqualification (simply watching the video tape is not usually enough) and the referee's ruling is almost always final, although Dusty finishes (named after, and made famous by, Dusty Rhodes) will often result in the referee's decision being overturned. It is not uncommon for the referees themselves to get knocked out during a match, which is commonly referred to by the term "ref bump". While the referee remains "unconscious", wrestlers are free to violate rules until the referee is revived or replaced. In some cases, a referee might disqualify a person under the presumption that it was that wrestler who knocked them out; most referee knockouts are arranged to allow a wrestler, usually a heel, to gain an advantage. For example, a wrestler may get whipped into a referee at a slower speed, knocking the ref down for short amount of time; during that interim period, one wrestler may pin their opponent for a three-count and would have won the match but for the referee being down (sometimes, another referee will sprint to the ring from backstage to attempt to make the count, but by then, the other wrestler has had enough time to kick-out on their own accord).

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: In

text: practice

text: not

text: all

text: rule

text: violations

text: will

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: disqualification

text: as

text: the

text: referee

text: may

text: use

text: their

text: own

text: judgement

text: and

text: is

text: not

text: obligated

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: match

text: Usually

text: the

text: only

text: offenses

text: that

text: the

text: referee

text: will

text: see

text: and

text: immediately

text: disqualify

text: the

text: match

text: on

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: having

text: multiple

text: offenses

text: are

text: low

text: blows

text: weapon

text: usage

text: interference

text: or

text: assaulting

text: the

text: referee

text: In

text: WWE

text: a

text: referee

text: must

text: see

text: the

text: violation

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: eyes

text: to

text: rule

text: that

text: the

text: match

text: end

text: in

text: a

text: disqualification

text: simply

text: watching

text: the

text: video

text: tape

text: is

text: not

text: usually

text: enough

text: and

text: the

text: referee

text: 's

text: ruling

text: is

text: almost

text: always

text: final

text: although

text: Dusty

text: finishes

text: named

text: after

text: and

text: made

text: famous

text: by

text: Dusty

text: Rhodes

text: will

text: often

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: referee

text: 's

text: decision

text: being

text: overturned

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: uncommon

text: for

text: the

text: referees

text: themselves

text: to

text: get

text: knocked

text: out

text: during

text: a

text: match

text: which

text: is

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: ref

text: bump

text: While

text: the

text: referee

text: remains

text: unconscious

text: wrestlers

text: are

text: free

text: to

text: violate

text: rules

text: until

text: the

text: referee

text: is

text: revived

text: or

text: replaced

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: a

text: referee

text: might

text: disqualify

text: a

text: person

text: under

text: the

text: presumption

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: that

text: wrestler

text: who

text: knocked

text: them

text: out

text: most

text: referee

text: knockouts

text: are

text: arranged

text: to

text: allow

text: a

text: wrestler

text: usually

text: a

text: heel

text: to

text: gain

text: an

text: advantage

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: wrestler

text: may

text: get

text: whipped

text: into

text: a

text: referee

text: at

text: a

text: slower

text: speed

text: knocking

text: the

text: ref

text: down

text: for

text: short

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: during

text: that

text: interim

text: period

text: one

text: wrestler

text: may

text: pin

text: their

text: opponent

text: for

text: a

text: three

text: count

text: and

text: would

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: match

text: but

text: for

text: the

text: referee

text: being

text: down

text: sometimes

text: another

text: referee

text: will

text: sprint

text: to

text: the

text: ring

text: from

text: backstage

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: count

text: but

text: by

text: then

text: the

text: other

text: wrestler

text: has

text: had

text: enough

text: time

text: to

text: kick

text: out

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: accord

question: What are the usual reasons for an automatic disqualification?

answer: low blows, weapon usage, interference, or assaulting the referee

text: low blows, weapon usage, interference, or assaulting the referee

question: What must the referee do to rule the match at an end via disqualification?

answer: must see the violation with their own eyes

text: must see the violation with their own eyes

question: In what case can a referee's decision be overturned?

answer: Dusty finishes

text: Dusty finishes

question: What is it called when a ref is knocked out?

answer: ref bump

text: ref bump

question: What can wrestlers do when a ref is out?

answer: free to violate rules

text: free to violate rules


text: Although reptiles are less abundant and diverse than amphibians, a number of snakes are conspicuous members of the fauna. One of the largest is the non-venomous black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta), while the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is among the smallest but most abundant. The American copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and the timber rattler (Crotalus horridus) are venomous pit vipers. There are few lizards, but the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps), at up to 13 in (33 cm) in length, and an excellent climber and swimmer, is one of the largest and most spectacular in appearance and action. The most common turtle is the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina), which is found in both upland and lowland forests in the central and southern Appalachians. Prominent among aquatic species is the large common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), which occurs throughout the Appalachians.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Although

text: reptiles

text: are

text: less

text: abundant

text: and

text: diverse

text: than

text: amphibians

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: snakes

text: are

text: conspicuous

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: fauna

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: is

text: the

text: non

text: venomous

text: black

text: rat

text: snake

text: Elaphe

text: obsoleta

text: obsoleta

text: while

text: the

text: common

text: garter

text: snake

text: Thamnophis

text: sirtalis

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: smallest

text: but

text: most

text: abundant

text: The

text: American

text: copperhead

text: Agkistrodon

text: contortrix

text: and

text: the

text: timber

text: rattler

text: Crotalus

text: horridus

text: are

text: venomous

text: pit

text: vipers

text: There

text: are

text: few

text: lizards

text: but

text: the

text: broad

text: headed

text: skink

text: Eumeces

text: laticeps

text: at

text: up

text: to

text: in

text: cm

text: in

text: length

text: and

text: an

text: excellent

text: climber

text: and

text: swimmer

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: spectacular

text: in

text: appearance

text: and

text: action

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: turtle

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: box

text: turtle

text: Terrapene

text: carolina

text: carolina

text: which

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: both

text: upland

text: and

text: lowland

text: forests

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Appalachians

text: Prominent

text: among

text: aquatic

text: species

text: is

text: the

text: large

text: common

text: snapping

text: turtle

text: Chelydra

text: serpentina

text: which

text: occurs

text: throughout

text: the

text: Appalachians

question: What are found more often than amphibians?

text: reptiles

question: What is the largest venomous snake in the Appalachians?

text: black rat snake

question: How large can the black rat snake grow?

text: up to 13 in (33 cm) in

question: Which kind of turtle is only found in the eastern Appalachians?

text: eastern box turtle

question: What kind of snake is a good climber?

text: Eumeces laticeps


text: Harry Caray's stamp on the team is perhaps even deeper than that of Brickhouse, although his 17-year tenure, from 1982 to 1997, was half as long. First, Caray had already become a well-known Chicago figure by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade, after having been a St Louis Cardinals icon for 25 years. Caray also had the benefit of being in the booth during the NL East title run in 1984, which was widely seen due to WGN's status as a cable-TV superstation. His trademark call of "Holy Cow!" and his enthusiastic singing of "Take me out to the ballgame" during the 7th inning stretch (as he had done with the White Sox) made Caray a fan favorite both locally and nationally.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Harry

text: Caray

text: 's

text: stamp

text: on

text: the

text: team

text: is

text: perhaps

text: even

text: deeper

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Brickhouse

text: although

text: his

text: tenure

text: from

text: to

text: was

text: half

text: as

text: long

text: First

text: Caray

text: had

text: already

text: become

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: Chicago

text: figure

text: by

text: broadcasting

text: White

text: Sox

text: games

text: for

text: a

text: decade

text: after

text: having

text: been

text: a

text: St

text: Louis

text: Cardinals

text: icon

text: for

text: years

text: Caray

text: also

text: had

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: being

text: in

text: the

text: booth

text: during

text: the

text: NL

text: East

text: title

text: run

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: widely

text: seen

text: due

text: to

text: WGN

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: cable

text: TV

text: superstation

text: His

text: trademark

text: call

text: of

text: Holy

text: Cow

text: and

text: his

text: enthusiastic

text: singing

text: of

text: Take

text: me

text: out

text: to

text: the

text: ballgame

text: during

text: the

text: inning

text: stretch

text: as

text: he

text: had

text: done

text: with

text: the

text: White

text: Sox

text: made

text: Caray

text: a

text: fan

text: favorite

text: both

text: locally

text: and

text: nationally

question: How long was Harry Caray's tenure  with the Cubs?

answer: 17-year

question: How did Caray become a well-known Chicago figure?

answer: by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade

text: by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade

question: How long had Caray been a St Louis Cardinals icon?

answer: 25 years

text: 25 years


text: The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (also known as the Environmental Protocol or Madrid Protocol) came into force in 1998, and is the main instrument concerned with conservation and management of biodiversity in Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting is advised on environmental and conservation issues in Antarctica by the Committee for Environmental Protection. A major concern within this committee is the risk to Antarctica from unintentional introduction of non-native species from outside the region.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: Protocol

text: on

text: Environmental

text: Protection

text: to

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Environmental

text: Protocol

text: or

text: Madrid

text: Protocol

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: instrument

text: concerned

text: with

text: conservation

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: biodiversity

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Consultative

text: Meeting

text: is

text: advised

text: on

text: environmental

text: and

text: conservation

text: issues

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: by

text: the

text: Committee

text: for

text: Environmental

text: Protection

text: A

text: major

text: concern

text: within

text: this

text: committee

text: is

text: the

text: risk

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: from

text: unintentional

text: introduction

text: of

text: non

text: native

text: species

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: region

question: When did the Environmental Protocol become effective?

answer: 1998

question: What is the main concern of the Protocol?

answer: conservation

text: conservation

question: What is seen as a major risk to Antarctica?

answer: non-native species

text: non-native species

question: What group advises the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting?

answer: Committee for Environmental Protection

text: Committee for Environmental Protection

question: Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage?

answer: biodiversity

text: biodiversity

question: What is the Environomental Protection Protocol to the Treaty Antarctic also known as?

question: What came into force in 1988?

text: Madrid Protocol

question: What is the Environmental Protection Protocol to the Treaty Antarctic?

question: Where is the main concern about native species from?

text: outside the region.


text: The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: Lobund

text: Institute

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: pioneering

text: research

text: in

text: germ

text: free

text: life

text: which

text: began

text: in

text: This

text: area

text: of

text: research

text: originated

text: in

text: a

text: question

text: posed

text: by

text: Pasteur

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: animal

text: life

text: was

text: possible

text: without

text: bacteria

text: Though

text: others

text: had

text: taken

text: up

text: this

text: idea

text: their

text: research

text: was

text: short

text: lived

text: and

text: inconclusive

text: Lobund

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: research

text: organization

text: to

text: answer

text: definitively

text: that

text: such

text: life

text: is

text: possible

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: prolonged

text: through

text: generations

text: But

text: the

text: objective

text: was

text: not

text: merely

text: to

text: answer

text: Pasteur

text: 's

text: question

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: germ

text: free

text: animal

text: as

text: a

text: new

text: tool

text: for

text: biological

text: and

text: medical

text: research

text: This

text: objective

text: was

text: reached

text: and

text: for

text: years

text: Lobund

text: was

text: a

text: unique

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: germ

text: free

text: animals

text: and

text: for

text: their

text: use

text: in

text: biological

text: and

text: medical

text: investigations

text: Today

text: the

text: work

text: has

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: universities

text: In

text: the

text: beginning

text: it

text: was

text: under

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Biology

text: and

text: a

text: program

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: master

text: 's

text: degree

text: accompanied

text: the

text: research

text: program

text: In

text: the

text: Lobund

text: achieved

text: independent

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: purely

text: research

text: organization

text: and

text: in

text: was

text: raised

text: to

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: an

text: Institute

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: brought

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Biology

text: as

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: that

text: department

text: but

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: program

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: PhD

text: in

text: Gnotobiotics

question: Work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which Notre Dame institute?

answer: The Lobund Institute

text: The Lobund Institute

question: When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame?

answer: 1928

question: Around what time did Lobund of Notre Dame become independent?

answer: the 1940s

text: the 1940s

question: In what year did Lobund at Notre Dame become an Institute?

answer: 1950

question: The Lobund Institute was merged into the Department of Biology at Notre Dame in what year?

answer: 1958


text: In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions in the conifers. In general it may be stated that such woods of medium growth afford stronger material than when very rapidly or very slowly grown. In many uses of wood, total strength is not the main consideration. If ease of working is prized, wood should be chosen with regard to its uniformity of texture and straightness of grain, which will in most cases occur when there is little contrast between the latewood of one season's growth and the earlywood of the next.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: diffuse

text: porous

text: woods

text: as

text: has

text: been

text: stated

text: the

text: vessels

text: or

text: pores

text: are

text: even

text: sized

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: water

text: conducting

text: capability

text: is

text: scattered

text: throughout

text: the

text: ring

text: instead

text: of

text: collected

text: in

text: the

text: earlywood

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: rate

text: of

text: growth

text: is

text: therefore

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: ring

text: porous

text: woods

text: approaching

text: more

text: nearly

text: the

text: conditions

text: in

text: the

text: conifers

text: In

text: general

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: stated

text: that

text: such

text: woods

text: of

text: medium

text: growth

text: afford

text: stronger

text: material

text: than

text: when

text: very

text: rapidly

text: or

text: very

text: slowly

text: grown

text: In

text: many

text: uses

text: of

text: wood

text: total

text: strength

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: main

text: consideration

text: If

text: ease

text: of

text: working

text: is

text: prized

text: wood

text: should

text: be

text: chosen

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: its

text: uniformity

text: of

text: texture

text: and

text: straightness

text: of

text: grain

text: which

text: will

text: in

text: most

text: cases

text: occur

text: when

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: contrast

text: between

text: the

text: latewood

text: of

text: one

text: season

text: 's

text: growth

text: and

text: the

text: earlywood

text: of

text: the

text: next

question: What kind of wood has all similarly sized vessels?

answer: diffuse-porous

text: diffuse-porous

question: What rate of growth in a tree will make the wood from it stronger than trees that grow very slowly or very quickly?

answer: medium

text: medium

question: The capability of diffuse-porous woods to carry what substance is spread out in the growth ring?

answer: water

text: water

question: What division of trees are diffuse-porous woods more similar in growth rate to than ring-porous woods?

answer: conifers

text: conifers

question: Does uniformity of the texture and grain of wood usually result from much or little contrast between earlywood and latewood?

answer: little

text: little


text: The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, however, used the veto to direct national policy. It was Andrew Jackson, the seventh President, who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon. During his two terms in office, he vetoed twelve bills—more than all of his predecessors combined. Furthermore, he defied the Supreme Court in enforcing the policy of ethnically cleansing Native American tribes ("Indian Removal"); he stated (perhaps apocryphally), "John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!"

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: The

text: first

text: six

text: presidents

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: did

text: not

text: make

text: extensive

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: veto

text: power

text: George

text: Washington

text: only

text: vetoed

text: two

text: bills

text: James

text: Monroe

text: one

text: and

text: John

text: Adams

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: and

text: John

text: Quincy

text: Adams

text: James

text: Madison

text: a

text: firm

text: believer

text: in

text: a

text: strong

text: executive

text: vetoed

text: seven

text: bills

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: six

text: Presidents

text: however

text: used

text: the

text: veto

text: to

text: direct

text: national

text: policy

text: It

text: was

text: Andrew

text: Jackson

text: the

text: seventh

text: President

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: veto

text: as

text: a

text: political

text: weapon

text: During

text: his

text: two

text: terms

text: in

text: office

text: he

text: vetoed

text: twelve

text: bills

text: more

text: than

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: predecessors

text: combined

text: Furthermore

text: he

text: defied

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: in

text: enforcing

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: ethnically

text: cleansing

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: Indian

text: Removal

text: he

text: stated

text: perhaps

text: apocryphally

text: John

text: Marshall

text: has

text: made

text: his

text: decision

text: Now

text: let

text: him

text: enforce

text: it

question: How many bills did George Washington veto?

answer: two

text: two

question: How many bills did James Monroe veto?

answer: one

text: one

question: How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto

answer: twelve

text: twelve

question: Who was the seventh President of the United States?

answer: Andrew Jackson

text: Andrew Jackson

question: Which president vetoed six bills?

text: George Washington

question: Who was the last president to use veto as a political weapon?

text: Andrew Jackson

question: How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto to make him the least likely president to veto a bill?

text: twelve

question: Who stated "Andrew Jackson has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!"?

text: Andrew Jackson

question: Who defied the Supreme Court by enforcing Supreme Court Removal?

text: Andrew Jackson


text: Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to 26. 77% of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends, and 50% of attacks occur on the property of the dog's legal owner.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Citing

text: a

text: study

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Center

text: for

text: Disease

text: Control

text: estimated

text: in

text: that

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: are

text: bitten

text: by

text: dogs

text: each

text: year

text: A

text: study

text: estimated

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: population

text: is

text: bitten

text: each

text: year

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: US

text: averaged

text: fatalities

text: per

text: year

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: this

text: has

text: increased

text: to

text: of

text: dog

text: bites

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: pet

text: of

text: family

text: or

text: friends

text: and

text: of

text: attacks

text: occur

text: on

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: dog

text: 's

text: legal

text: owner

question: How many people are bitten by dogs every year in America?

answer: 4.5 million

text: 4.5 million

question: During the 1980s and 1990s, how many people were killed annually because of dog bites?

answer: 17

question: In the 2000s, how many people died every year because of dog bites?

answer: 26

question: According to a 2008 CDC report, how many are bitten in the United States annually?

answer: 4.5 million

text: 4.5 million

question: What decade saw an increase from 17 to 26 deaths caused by dogs?

answer: 2000s


text: The Great Garden is an important European baroque garden. The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Grotto (the interior was designed by the French artist Niki de Saint-Phalle), the Gallery Building, the Orangerie and the two pavilions by Remy de la Fosse. The Great Garden consists of several parts. The most popular ones are the Great Ground and the Nouveau Jardin. At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain. The historic Garden Theatre inter alia hosted the musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolf Kunze.[citation needed]

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: The

text: Great

text: Garden

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: European

text: baroque

text: garden

text: The

text: palace

text: itself

text: however

text: was

text: largely

text: destroyed

text: by

text: Allied

text: bombing

text: but

text: is

text: currently

text: under

text: reconstruction.[citation

text: needed

text: Some

text: points

text: of

text: interest

text: are

text: the

text: Grotto

text: the

text: interior

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: artist

text: Niki

text: de

text: Saint

text: Phalle

text: the

text: Gallery

text: Building

text: the

text: Orangerie

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: pavilions

text: by

text: Remy

text: de

text: la

text: Fosse

text: The

text: Great

text: Garden

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: parts

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: ones

text: are

text: the

text: Great

text: Ground

text: and

text: the

text: Nouveau

text: Jardin

text: At

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Nouveau

text: Jardin

text: is

text: Europe

text: 's

text: highest

text: garden

text: fountain

text: The

text: historic

text: Garden

text: Theatre

text: inter

text: alia

text: hosted

text: the

text: musicals

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: rock

text: musician

text: Heinz

text: Rudolf

text: Kunze.[citation

text: needed

question: What kind of garden is The Great Garden?

answer: European baroque garden

text: European baroque garden

question: What destroyed the palace?

answer: Allied bombing

text: Allied bombing

question: Who constructed the two pavilions in the palace?

answer: Remy de la Fosse

text: Remy de la Fosse

question: Other than the Nouveau Jardin, what is the other popular part of The Great Garden?

answer: Great Ground

text: Great Ground

question: What is at the centre of the Nouveau Jardin?

answer: Europe's highest garden fountain

text: Europe's highest garden fountain

question: What kind of garden is the grand garden?

text: European baroque garden

question: What was destroyed by axis bombing and currently under reconstruction?

text: The palace

question: What French artist designed the exterior?

text: Niki de Saint-Phalle)

question: What are the two least popular areas of the garden?

text: Great Ground and the Nouveau Jardin

question: What famous classical musician played at the historic garden theater?

text: Heinz Rudolf Kunze.


text: Universal's 1936 Show Boat (released a little over a month later) became a critical and financial success, it was not enough to save the Laemmles' involvement with the studio. They were unceremoniously removed from the company they had founded. Because the Laemmles personally oversaw production, Show Boat was released (despite the takeover) with Carl Laemmle and Carl Laemmle Jr.'s names on the credits and in the advertising campaign of the film. Standard Capital's J. Cheever Cowdin had taken over as president and chairman of the board of directors, and instituted severe cuts in production budgets. Gone were the big ambitions, and though Universal had a few big names under contract, those it had been cultivating, like William Wyler and Margaret Sullavan, left.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Universal

text: 's

text: Show

text: Boat

text: released

text: a

text: little

text: over

text: a

text: month

text: later

text: became

text: a

text: critical

text: and

text: financial

text: success

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: enough

text: to

text: save

text: the

text: Laemmles

text: involvement

text: with

text: the

text: studio

text: They

text: were

text: unceremoniously

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: company

text: they

text: had

text: founded

text: Because

text: the

text: Laemmles

text: personally

text: oversaw

text: production

text: Show

text: Boat

text: was

text: released

text: despite

text: the

text: takeover

text: with

text: Carl

text: Laemmle

text: and

text: Carl

text: Laemmle

text: Jr.

text: 's

text: names

text: on

text: the

text: credits

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: advertising

text: campaign

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: Standard

text: Capital

text: 's

text: J.

text: Cheever

text: Cowdin

text: had

text: taken

text: over

text: as

text: president

text: and

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: and

text: instituted

text: severe

text: cuts

text: in

text: production

text: budgets

text: Gone

text: were

text: the

text: big

text: ambitions

text: and

text: though

text: Universal

text: had

text: a

text: few

text: big

text: names

text: under

text: contract

text: those

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: cultivating

text: like

text: William

text: Wyler

text: and

text: Margaret

text: Sullavan

text: left

question: Who became president of Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?

answer: J. Cheever Cowdin

text: J. Cheever Cowdin

question: What notable female star left Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?

answer: Margaret Sullavan

text: Margaret Sullavan

question: Who was Universal's chairman of the board of directors after the Standard Captial takeover?

answer: J. Cheever Cowdin

text: J. Cheever Cowdin

question: Along with Margaret Sullavan, what notable film talent left Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?

answer: William Wyler

text: William Wyler

question: In what year was Show Boat released?

answer: 1936

question: Who was ceremoniously removed from the company?

text: the Laemmles

question: What position did J. Cowdin Cheever hold?

text: president

question: What position on the board did J. Cowdin Cheever take over?

text: chairman of the board of directors

question: What did William Sullavan and Margaret Wyler do?

text: left


text: The UK national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: UK

text: national

text: curriculum

text: is

text: adapted

text: for

text: local

text: use

text: A

text: range

text: of

text: qualifications

text: are

text: offered

text: from

text: GCSE

text: A

text: S

text: and

text: to

text: Level

text: Diplomas

text: and

text: VRQ

text: qualifications

question: What curriculum does the island adapt?

answer: The UK national curriculum

text: The UK national curriculum

question: What are the qualifications offered?

answer: GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications

text: GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications


text: In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure. But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help. After the plant closed, it was taken over by the government, which had been the guarantor of a $2 million loan to the business.[citation needed]

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: In

text: a

text: private

text: company

text: built

text: a

text: tuna

text: loining

text: plant

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: employees

text: mostly

text: women

text: But

text: the

text: plant

text: closed

text: in

text: after

text: a

text: failed

text: attempt

text: to

text: convert

text: it

text: to

text: produce

text: tuna

text: steaks

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: requires

text: half

text: as

text: many

text: employees

text: Operating

text: costs

text: exceeded

text: revenue

text: and

text: the

text: plant

text: 's

text: owners

text: tried

text: to

text: partner

text: with

text: the

text: government

text: to

text: prevent

text: closure

text: But

text: government

text: officials

text: personally

text: interested

text: in

text: an

text: economic

text: stake

text: in

text: the

text: plant

text: refused

text: to

text: help

text: After

text: the

text: plant

text: closed

text: it

text: was

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: guarantor

text: of

text: a

text: million

text: loan

text: to

text: the

text: business.[citation

text: needed

question: In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?

answer: 1999

question: How many people worked at the tuna loining plant?

answer: 400

question: In what year did the tuna loining plant shut down?

answer: 2005

question: Before it shut down, what was the tuna loining plant attempting to produce?

answer: tuna steaks

text: tuna steaks

question: What was the amount of the loan to the tuna loining plant that the Marshall Islands government was responsible for?

answer: $2 million

text: $2 million


text: The history of the Seven Years' War in North America, particularly the expulsion of the Acadians, the siege of Quebec, the death of Wolfe, and the Battle of Fort William Henry generated a vast number of ballads, broadsides, images, and novels (see Longfellow's Evangeline, Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans), maps and other printed materials, which testify to how this event held the imagination of the British and North American public long after Wolfe's death in 1759.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: particularly

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: the

text: Acadians

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Quebec

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Wolfe

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Fort

text: William

text: Henry

text: generated

text: a

text: vast

text: number

text: of

text: ballads

text: broadsides

text: images

text: and

text: novels

text: see

text: Longfellow

text: 's

text: Evangeline

text: Benjamin

text: West

text: 's

text: The

text: Death

text: of

text: General

text: Wolfe

text: James

text: Fenimore

text: Cooper

text: 's

text: The

text: Last

text: of

text: the

text: Mohicans

text: maps

text: and

text: other

text: printed

text: materials

text: which

text: testify

text: to

text: how

text: this

text: event

text: held

text: the

text: imagination

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: North

text: American

text: public

text: long

text: after

text: Wolfe

text: 's

text: death

text: in

question: Name two major events of the Seven Years' War In North America.

answer: the expulsion of the Acadians, the siege of Quebec

text: the expulsion of the Acadians, the siege of Quebec

question: Name two more major events of the Seven Years' War in North America.

answer: the death of Wolfe, and the Battle of Fort William Henry

text: the death of Wolfe, and the Battle of Fort William Henry

question: How did the events of the Seven Years' War affects the production of art?

answer: generated a vast number of ballads, broadsides, images, and novels

text: generated a vast number of ballads, broadsides, images, and novels

question: What are some novels about the Seven Years' War period?

answer: Longfellow's Evangeline, Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans

text: Longfellow's Evangeline, Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans

question: What other items point to the interest in the events of the Seven Years' War?

answer: maps and other printed materials

text: maps and other printed materials


text: In the 1770s Pierre Jaquet-Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll (automata) that could write holding a quill pen. By switching the number and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically "programmed" to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and still operates.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: In

text: the

text: Pierre

text: Jaquet

text: Droz

text: a

text: Swiss

text: watchmaker

text: built

text: a

text: mechanical

text: doll

text: automata

text: that

text: could

text: write

text: holding

text: a

text: quill

text: pen

text: By

text: switching

text: the

text: number

text: and

text: order

text: of

text: its

text: internal

text: wheels

text: different

text: letters

text: and

text: hence

text: different

text: messages

text: could

text: be

text: produced

text: In

text: effect

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: mechanically

text: programmed

text: to

text: read

text: instructions

text: Along

text: with

text: two

text: other

text: complex

text: machines

text: the

text: doll

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Musée

text: d'Art

text: et

text: d'Histoire

text: of

text: Neuchâtel

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: still

text: operates

question: What was the profession of Pierre Jaquet-Droz?

answer: a Swiss watchmaker

text: a Swiss watchmaker

question: When did Pierre Jaquet-Droz build a mechanical doll that could hold a pen?

answer: In the 1770s

text: In the 1770s

question: Where is the doll Pierre Jaquet-Droz built today?

answer: Musée d'Art et d'Histoire

text: Musée d'Art et d'Histoire

question: Where is the Musee d-Art et d'Histoire located?

answer: Neuchâtel, Switzerland

text: Neuchâtel, Switzerland


text: United States v. LaMacchia 871 F.Supp. 535 (1994) was a case decided by the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts which ruled that, under the copyright and cybercrime laws effective at the time, committing copyright infringement for non-commercial motives could not be prosecuted under criminal copyright law. The ruling gave rise to what became known as the "LaMacchia Loophole," wherein criminal charges of fraud or copyright infringement would be dismissed under current legal standards, so long as there was no profit motive involved.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: United

text: States

text: v.

text: LaMacchia

text: F.Supp

text: was

text: a

text: case

text: decided

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: District

text: Court

text: for

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: which

text: ruled

text: that

text: under

text: the

text: copyright

text: and

text: cybercrime

text: laws

text: effective

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: committing

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: for

text: non

text: commercial

text: motives

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: prosecuted

text: under

text: criminal

text: copyright

text: law

text: The

text: ruling

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: LaMacchia

text: Loophole

text: wherein

text: criminal

text: charges

text: of

text: fraud

text: or

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: would

text: be

text: dismissed

text: under

text: current

text: legal

text: standards

text: so

text: long

text: as

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: profit

text: motive

text: involved

question: When was United States v. LaMacchia contested?

answer: 1994

question: At the time, what infringement could not be prosecuted under criminal copyright law?

answer: non-commercial motives

text: non-commercial motives

question: What loophole did the ruling give rise to?

answer: LaMacchia Loophole

text: LaMacchia Loophole

question: If there is no profit involved, what would happen to criminal charges of fraud?

answer: dismissed

text: dismissed

question: When was United States v. LaMacchia not contested?

question: At the time, what infringement could be prosecuted under criminal copyright law?

text: non-commercial motives

question: What loophole didn't the ruling give rise to?

text: LaMacchia Loophole

question: What loophole did the ruling kill?

text: LaMacchia Loophole,

question: If there is profit involved, what would happen to criminal charges of fraud?

text: dismissed


text: In the late 1800s, Presbyterian missionaries established a presence in what is now northern New Mexico. This provided an alternative to the Catholicism, which was brought to the area by the Spanish Conquistadors and had remained unchanged. The area experienced a "mini" reformation, in that many converts were made to Presbyterianism, prompting persecution. In some cases, the converts left towns and villages to establish their own neighboring villages. The arrival of the United States to the area prompted the Catholic church to modernize and make efforts at winning the converts back, many of which did return. However, there are still stalwart Presbyterians and Presbyterian churches in the area.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Presbyterian

text: missionaries

text: established

text: a

text: presence

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: northern

text: New

text: Mexico

text: This

text: provided

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: the

text: Catholicism

text: which

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Conquistadors

text: and

text: had

text: remained

text: unchanged

text: The

text: area

text: experienced

text: a

text: mini

text: reformation

text: in

text: that

text: many

text: converts

text: were

text: made

text: to

text: Presbyterianism

text: prompting

text: persecution

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: converts

text: left

text: towns

text: and

text: villages

text: to

text: establish

text: their

text: own

text: neighboring

text: villages

text: The

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: prompted

text: the

text: Catholic

text: church

text: to

text: modernize

text: and

text: make

text: efforts

text: at

text: winning

text: the

text: converts

text: back

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: did

text: return

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: still

text: stalwart

text: Presbyterians

text: and

text: Presbyterian

text: churches

text: in

text: the

text: area

question: Around when did Presbyterian missionaries arrived in New Mexico?

answer: 1800s

question: The established Presbyterian church in New Mexico provided an alternative to which religion?

answer: Catholicism

text: Catholicism

question: Who brought Catholicism into New Mexico?

answer: Spanish Conquistadors

text: Spanish Conquistadors

question: In which century did New Mexican missionaries establish a presence in southern United States?

text: late 1800s

question: When the Catholic church arrived, it caused the United States to do what?

question: How many converts refused to return to the church?

text: many

question: Which churches can no longer be found in the area?

question: Who brought Catholicism to the United States?

text: Spanish Conquistadors