text: Hidalgo was turned over to the Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares, for an official defrocking and excommunication on July 27, 1811. He was then found guilty of treason by a military court and executed by firing squad on July 30 at 7 in the morning. Before his execution, he thanked his jailers, Private Soldiers Ortega and Melchor, in letters for their humane treatment. At his execution, Hidalgo placed his right hand over his heart to show the riflemen where they should aim. He also refused the use of a blindfold. His body, along with the bodies of Allende, Aldama and José Mariano Jiménez were decapitated, and the heads were put on display on the four corners of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas in Guanajuato. The heads remained there for ten years until the end of the Mexican War of Independence to serve as a warning to other insurgents. Hidalgo's headless body was first displayed outside the prison but then buried in the Church of St Francis in Chihuahua. Those remains would later be transferred in 1824 to Mexico City.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Hidalgo

text: was

text: turned

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Durango

text: Francisco

text: Gabriel

text: de

text: Olivares

text: for

text: an

text: official

text: defrocking

text: and

text: excommunication

text: on

text: July

text: He

text: was

text: then

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: treason

text: by

text: a

text: military

text: court

text: and

text: executed

text: by

text: firing

text: squad

text: on

text: July

text: at

text: in

text: the

text: morning

text: Before

text: his

text: execution

text: he

text: thanked

text: his

text: jailers

text: Private

text: Soldiers

text: Ortega

text: and

text: Melchor

text: in

text: letters

text: for

text: their

text: humane

text: treatment

text: At

text: his

text: execution

text: Hidalgo

text: placed

text: his

text: right

text: hand

text: over

text: his

text: heart

text: to

text: show

text: the

text: riflemen

text: where

text: they

text: should

text: aim

text: He

text: also

text: refused

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: blindfold

text: His

text: body

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: Allende

text: Aldama

text: and

text: José

text: Mariano

text: Jiménez

text: were

text: decapitated

text: and

text: the

text: heads

text: were

text: put

text: on

text: display

text: on

text: the

text: four

text: corners

text: of

text: the

text: Alhóndiga

text: de

text: Granaditas

text: in

text: Guanajuato

text: The

text: heads

text: remained

text: there

text: for

text: ten

text: years

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: warning

text: to

text: other

text: insurgents

text: Hidalgo

text: 's

text: headless

text: body

text: was

text: first

text: displayed

text: outside

text: the

text: prison

text: but

text: then

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: St

text: Francis

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: Those

text: remains

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: transferred

text: in

text: to

text: Mexico

text: City

question: Hidalgo was turned over by whom?

answer: Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares

text: Bishop of Durango, Francisco Gabriel de Olivares

question: In which year was Hidalgo turned over?

answer: 1811

question: How was Hidalgo executed after having been found guilty?

answer: firing squad

text: firing squad

question: Hidalgo refused the use of what during his execution?

answer: blindfold

text: blindfold

question: In which state was Hidalgo's headless body buried?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua


text: From 1920 leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi began highly popular mass movements to campaign against the British Raj using largely peaceful methods. The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-cooperation, civil disobedience and economic resistance. However, revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian subcontinent and some others adopted a militant approach like the Indian National Army that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle. The Government of India Act 1935 was a major success in this regard. All these movements succeeded in bringing independence to the new dominions of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: From

text: leaders

text: such

text: as

text: Mahatma

text: Gandhi

text: began

text: highly

text: popular

text: mass

text: movements

text: to

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: using

text: largely

text: peaceful

text: methods

text: The

text: Gandhi

text: led

text: independence

text: movement

text: opposed

text: the

text: British

text: rule

text: using

text: non

text: violent

text: methods

text: like

text: non

text: cooperation

text: civil

text: disobedience

text: and

text: economic

text: resistance

text: However

text: revolutionary

text: activities

text: against

text: the

text: British

text: rule

text: took

text: place

text: throughout

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: and

text: some

text: others

text: adopted

text: a

text: militant

text: approach

text: like

text: the

text: Indian

text: National

text: Army

text: that

text: sought

text: to

text: overthrow

text: British

text: rule

text: by

text: armed

text: struggle

text: The

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: Act

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: success

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: All

text: these

text: movements

text: succeeded

text: in

text: bringing

text: independence

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: dominions

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: on

text: August

question: What leader started a mass movement against British rule?

answer: Mahatma Gandhi

text: Mahatma Gandhi

question: What means did Gandhi espouse to gain self-rule?

answer: peaceful

text: peaceful

question: What group wanted to use violent means to over throw the British rule?

answer: Indian National Army

text: Indian National Army

question: On what date did India gain its independence?

answer: 15 August 1947

text: 15 August 1947

question: What action did the movements combine to produce?

answer: Government of India Act 1935

text: Government of India Act 1935


text: At the turn of the 21st century, a post-punk revival developed in British and American alternative and indie rock, which soon started appearing in other countries, as well. The earliest sign of a revival was the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s. However, the first commercially successful bands – the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors – surfaced in the late 1990s to early 2000s, as did several dance-oriented bands such as the Rapture, Radio 4 and LCD Soundsystem. Additionally, some darker post-punk bands began to appear in the indie music scene in the 2010s, including Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum, who were also affiliated with the darkwave revival, as well as A Place to Bury Strangers, who combined early post-punk and shoegaze. These bands tend to draw a fanbase who are a combination of the indie music subculture, older post-punk fans and the current goth subculture. In the 2010s, Savages played a music reminiscent of early British post-punk bands of the late '70s.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: At

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: post

text: punk

text: revival

text: developed

text: in

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: alternative

text: and

text: indie

text: rock

text: which

text: soon

text: started

text: appearing

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: The

text: earliest

text: sign

text: of

text: a

text: revival

text: was

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: various

text: underground

text: bands

text: in

text: the

text: However

text: the

text: first

text: commercially

text: successful

text: bands

text: the

text: Strokes

text: Franz

text: Ferdinand

text: Interpol

text: Neils

text: Children

text: and

text: Editors

text: surfaced

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: early

text: as

text: did

text: several

text: dance

text: oriented

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Rapture

text: Radio

text: and

text: LCD

text: Soundsystem

text: Additionally

text: some

text: darker

text: post

text: punk

text: bands

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: indie

text: music

text: scene

text: in

text: the

text: including

text: Cold

text: Cave

text: She

text: Wants

text: Revenge

text: Eagulls

text: the

text: Soft

text: Moon

text: She

text: Past

text: Away

text: and

text: Light

text: Asylum

text: who

text: were

text: also

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: darkwave

text: revival

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: A

text: Place

text: to

text: Bury

text: Strangers

text: who

text: combined

text: early

text: post

text: punk

text: and

text: shoegaze

text: These

text: bands

text: tend

text: to

text: draw

text: a

text: fanbase

text: who

text: are

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: indie

text: music

text: subculture

text: older

text: post

text: punk

text: fans

text: and

text: the

text: current

text: goth

text: subculture

text: In

text: the

text: Savages

text: played

text: a

text: music

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: early

text: British

text: post

text: punk

text: bands

text: of

text: the

text: late

question: When did a post-punk revival start happening in England and the Colonies?

answer: turn of the 21st century

text: turn of the 21st century

question: What early sign heralded the post-punk revival?

answer: emergence of various underground bands

text: emergence of various underground bands

question: When did some of the darker post-punk bands start to appear in the indie scene?

answer: the 2010s

text: the 2010s

question: The post-punk revival bands bring in a fanbase from what subculture?

answer: indie music

text: indie music

question: What band played music similar to that of the early British post-punk bands of the late '70s as recently as 2010?

answer: Savages

text: Savages

question: When was the post-punk revival in British and American cultures?

answer: turn of the 21st century

text: turn of the 21st century

question: What was the earliest sign of the post-punk revival?

answer: emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s

text: emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s

question: Who were the most commercially successful bands of the post-punk revival?

answer: the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors

text: the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors

question: When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene?

answer: late 1990s to early 2000s

text: late 1990s to early 2000s

question: Which dark post-punk bands began to emmerge in the indie scene?

answer: Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum

text: Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum

question: When did post-punk music lose popularity?

text: the turn of the 21st century

question: Which bands never found commercial success?

question: Which bands disliked dance?

question: Which post-punk bands avoided darker style?

question: What subculture avoided darker post-punk bands the most?

text: goth


text: Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders may feature quite different quality, even with identical bit rates. As an example, in a public listening test featuring two different MP3 encoders at about 128 kbit/s, one scored 3.66 on a 1–5 scale, while the other scored only 2.22.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Besides

text: the

text: bit

text: rate

text: of

text: an

text: encoded

text: piece

text: of

text: audio

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: files

text: also

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: the

text: encoder

text: itself

text: and

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: signal

text: being

text: encoded

text: As

text: the

text: standard

text: allows

text: quite

text: a

text: bit

text: of

text: freedom

text: with

text: encoding

text: algorithms

text: different

text: encoders

text: may

text: feature

text: quite

text: different

text: quality

text: even

text: with

text: identical

text: bit

text: rates

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: in

text: a

text: public

text: listening

text: test

text: featuring

text: two

text: different

text: encoders

text: at

text: about

text: kbit

text: s

text: one

text: scored

text: on

text: a

text: scale

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: scored

text: only

question: Other than the bit rate and the difficulty of the signal, what can also affect the quality of an MP3 file?

answer: quality of the encoder

text: quality of the encoder

question: The MP3 standard allows encoders to have a lot of freedom with which aspect of encoding?

answer: encoding algorithms

text: encoding algorithms

question: As a result of the freedom, different encoders can result in different quality even if which aspect of the file is the same?

answer: bit rates

text: bit rates

question: An example shown has a low range quality score of what value?

answer: 2.22

question: To compare qualities, sound files are evaluated on a scale that ranges from 1 to what?

answer: 5


text: The thoracic segments have one ganglion on each side, which are connected into a pair, one pair per segment. This arrangement is also seen in the abdomen but only in the first eight segments. Many species of insects have reduced numbers of ganglia due to fusion or reduction. Some cockroaches have just six ganglia in the abdomen, whereas the wasp Vespa crabro has only two in the thorax and three in the abdomen. Some insects, like the house fly Musca domestica, have all the body ganglia fused into a single large thoracic ganglion.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: The

text: thoracic

text: segments

text: have

text: one

text: ganglion

text: on

text: each

text: side

text: which

text: are

text: connected

text: into

text: a

text: pair

text: one

text: pair

text: per

text: segment

text: This

text: arrangement

text: is

text: also

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: abdomen

text: but

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: eight

text: segments

text: Many

text: species

text: of

text: insects

text: have

text: reduced

text: numbers

text: of

text: ganglia

text: due

text: to

text: fusion

text: or

text: reduction

text: Some

text: cockroaches

text: have

text: just

text: six

text: ganglia

text: in

text: the

text: abdomen

text: whereas

text: the

text: wasp

text: Vespa

text: crabro

text: has

text: only

text: two

text: in

text: the

text: thorax

text: and

text: three

text: in

text: the

text: abdomen

text: Some

text: insects

text: like

text: the

text: house

text: fly

text: Musca

text: domestica

text: have

text: all

text: the

text: body

text: ganglia

text: fused

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: large

text: thoracic

text: ganglion

question: What is on each side of a thoracic segment?

answer: ganglion

text: ganglion

question: How many ganglia are on each side of a thoracic segment?

answer: one

text: one

question: Ganglia are connected into a what?

answer: a pair

text: a pair

question: How many pairs of ganglia are in a segment?

answer: one pair

text: one pair

question: What other location on an insect are ganglia located?

answer: abdomen

text: abdomen


text: In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism, though their proofs of God and their positing that the consciousness was not material precludes labelling them as materialists. Buddhist atomism and the Jaina school continued the atomic tradition.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: In

text: Ancient

text: Indian

text: philosophy

text: materialism

text: developed

text: around

text: BC

text: with

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Ajita

text: Kesakambali

text: Payasi

text: Kanada

text: and

text: the

text: proponents

text: of

text: the

text: Cārvāka

text: school

text: of

text: philosophy

text: Kanada

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: proponents

text: of

text: atomism

text: The

text: Nyaya

text: Vaisesika

text: school

text: BC

text: BC

text: developed

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: forms

text: of

text: atomism

text: though

text: their

text: proofs

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: their

text: positing

text: that

text: the

text: consciousness

text: was

text: not

text: material

text: precludes

text: labelling

text: them

text: as

text: materialists

text: Buddhist

text: atomism

text: and

text: the

text: Jaina

text: school

text: continued

text: the

text: atomic

text: tradition

question: Around what time did materialism become part of Ancient Indian philosophy?

answer: 600 BC

text: 600 BC

question: At that time, who helped develop materialism?

answer: Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy

text: Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy

question: What school advanced atomism?

answer: Nyaya–Vaisesika school

text: Nyaya–Vaisesika school

question: Between what years did the school advance atomism?

answer: 600 BC - 100 BC

text: 600 BC - 100 BC

question: Around what time did Ancient Indian philosophy reject materialism?

text: 600 BC

question: At that time, who rejected the idea of materialism?

question: What school did not teach atomism?

text: The Nyaya–Vaisesika school

question: What tradition did the Jaina school stop?

text: atomic

question: What tradition did Buddhists stop?

text: atomic


text: Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Gay

text: and

text: lesbian

text: people

text: can

text: have

text: sexual

text: relationships

text: with

text: someone

text: of

text: the

text: opposite

text: sex

text: for

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: reasons

text: including

text: the

text: desire

text: for

text: a

text: perceived

text: traditional

text: family

text: and

text: concerns

text: of

text: discrimination

text: and

text: religious

text: ostracism

text: While

text: some

text: LGBT

text: people

text: hide

text: their

text: respective

text: orientations

text: from

text: their

text: spouses

text: others

text: develop

text: positive

text: gay

text: and

text: lesbian

text: identities

text: while

text: maintaining

text: successful

text: heterosexual

text: marriages

text: Coming

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: closet

text: to

text: oneself

text: a

text: spouse

text: of

text: the

text: opposite

text: sex

text: and

text: children

text: can

text: present

text: challenges

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: faced

text: by

text: gay

text: and

text: lesbian

text: people

text: who

text: are

text: not

text: married

text: to

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: opposite

text: sex

text: or

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: children

question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?

answer: religious ostracism

text: religious ostracism

question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?

answer: hide their respective orientations from their spouses

text: hide their respective orientations from their spouses

question: What are some things that can cause a homosexual person to be with the opposite sex?

answer: desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism

text: desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism

question: Can a homosexual person still grow their sexual identiries while with the opposit sex?

answer: others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages

text: others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages

question: What kind of hardships can a homosexual face when admitting their ssexuality while in a heterosexual marriage?

answer: Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children

text: Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children

question: Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys?

answer: some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses

text: some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses


text: Turkey also has a long history of poor relations with Armenia over its refusal to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize the Republic of Armenia (the 3rd republic) after its independence from the USSR in 1991. Despite this, for most of the 20th century and early 21st century, relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries due to Turkey's refusal to establish them for numerous reasons. During the Nagorno-Karabakh War and citing it as the reason, Turkey illegally closed its land border with Armenia in 1993. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Turkey

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: poor

text: relations

text: with

text: Armenia

text: over

text: its

text: refusal

text: to

text: acknowledge

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: Turkey

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: countries

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

text: the

text: republic

text: after

text: its

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: Despite

text: this

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: relations

text: remain

text: tense

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: formal

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: due

text: to

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: establish

text: them

text: for

text: numerous

text: reasons

text: During

text: the

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: War

text: and

text: citing

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: reason

text: Turkey

text: illegally

text: closed

text: its

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Armenia

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: not

text: lifted

text: its

text: blockade

text: despite

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: powerful

text: Turkish

text: business

text: lobby

text: interested

text: in

text: Armenian

text: markets

question: When did Turkey close off its border with Armenia?

answer: 1993

question: Which country claims the Armenian Genocide didn't occur?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey

question: When did Armenia gain independence from the USSR?

answer: 1991

question: Who wants the border between Turkey and Armenia opened?

answer: Turkish business lobby

text: Turkish business lobby


text: Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Soteriologically

text: most

text: Methodists

text: are

text: Arminian

text: emphasizing

text: that

text: Christ

text: accomplished

text: salvation

text: for

text: every

text: human

text: being

text: and

text: that

text: humans

text: must

text: exercise

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: will

text: to

text: receive

text: it

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: traditional

text: Calvinist

text: doctrine

text: of

text: monergism

text: Methodism

text: is

text: traditionally

text: low

text: church

text: in

text: liturgy

text: although

text: this

text: varies

text: greatly

text: between

text: individual

text: congregations

text: the

text: Wesleys

text: themselves

text: greatly

text: valued

text: the

text: Anglican

text: liturgy

text: and

text: tradition

text: Methodism

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: rich

text: musical

text: tradition

text: John

text: Wesley

text: 's

text: brother

text: Charles

text: was

text: instrumental

text: in

text: writing

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: hymnody

text: of

text: the

text: Methodist

text: Church

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: eminent

text: hymn

text: writers

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: Methodist

text: tradition

question: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom?

answer: every human being

text: every human being

question: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation?

answer: exercise an act of the will

text: exercise an act of the will

question: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes?

answer: its rich musical tradition

text: its rich musical tradition

question: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?

answer: John Wesley's brother, Charles

text: John Wesley's brother, Charles

question: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation?

answer: monergism

text: monergism


text: In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: Universal

text: had

text: a

text: clean

text: picture

text: policy

text: However

text: by

text: April

text: Carl

text: Laemmle

text: considered

text: this

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: mistake

text: as

text: unclean

text: pictures

text: from

text: other

text: studios

text: were

text: generating

text: more

text: profit

text: while

text: Universal

text: was

text: losing

text: money

question: what was the policy that Universal followed in its early years?

answer: "clean picture"

text: "clean picture"

question: By what month and year did Laemmle change his opinion on "unclean pictures"?

answer: April 1927

text: April 1927

question: Why did Laemmle change his position on "unclean pictures"?

answer: Universal was losing money

text: Universal was losing money

question: What policy was established in April 1927?

text: "clean picture" policy

question: When did Carl Laemmle decide to establish a clean picture policy?

text: April 1927

question: What did Carl Laemmle consider a mistake in 1972?

text: "clean picture" policy


text: In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: In

text: Europe

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: could

text: be

text: interpreted

text: as

text: violating

text: copyright

text: laws

text: Only

text: the

text: content

text: creator

text: can

text: decide

text: where

text: their

text: content

text: is

text: published

text: or

text: duplicated

text: so

text: the

text: Archive

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: delete

text: pages

text: from

text: its

text: system

text: upon

text: request

text: of

text: the

text: creator

text: The

text: exclusion

text: policies

text: for

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: FAQ

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: The

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: also

text: retroactively

text: respects

text: robots.txt

text: files

text: i.e.

text: pages

text: that

text: currently

text: are

text: blocked

text: to

text: robots

text: on

text: the

text: live

text: web

text: temporarily

text: will

text: be

text: made

text: unavailable

text: from

text: the

text: archives

text: as

text: well

question: What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in Europe?

answer: copyright laws

text: copyright laws

question: What would the Internet Archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on Wayback Machine?

answer: delete pages from its system

text: delete pages from its system

question: In what part of the website are Wayback Machine's rules regarding removing content?

answer: FAQ

text: FAQ

question: What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in the FAQ?

text: copyright laws

question: What would the Internet Archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on robots.txt files?

text: delete pages from its system

question: In what part of Europe are Wayback Machine's rules regarding removing content?

text: FAQ

question: What may be found in the robots.txt files section of the site?

text: FAQ

question: Who can decide when pages are deleted from Europe?

text: creator


text: Safety testing of mine shaft elevator rails is routinely undertaken. The method involves destructive testing of a segment of the cable. The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds. Each end of the segment is then secured in a large, hydraulic stretching machine. The segment is then placed under increasing load to the point of failure. Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled and a report is produced. The report is then analyzed to determine whether or not the entire rail is safe to use.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Safety

text: testing

text: of

text: mine

text: shaft

text: elevator

text: rails

text: is

text: routinely

text: undertaken

text: The

text: method

text: involves

text: destructive

text: testing

text: of

text: a

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: cable

text: The

text: ends

text: of

text: the

text: segment

text: are

text: frayed

text: then

text: set

text: in

text: conical

text: zinc

text: molds

text: Each

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: segment

text: is

text: then

text: secured

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: hydraulic

text: stretching

text: machine

text: The

text: segment

text: is

text: then

text: placed

text: under

text: increasing

text: load

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: failure

text: Data

text: about

text: elasticity

text: load

text: and

text: other

text: factors

text: is

text: compiled

text: and

text: a

text: report

text: is

text: produced

text: The

text: report

text: is

text: then

text: analyzed

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: the

text: entire

text: rail

text: is

text: safe

text: to

text: use

question: What part of the mine shaft requires routine testing?

answer: elevator rails

text: elevator rails

question: What type of testing is done to the an area of the cable?

answer: destructive testing

text: destructive testing

question: What is  the first step in destructive testing?

answer: The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds

text: The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds

question: Afterwards, what type of machine is the segment secured in?

answer: hydraulic stretching machine

text: hydraulic stretching machine

question: What types of information are collected in the process?

answer: Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled

text: Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled


text: The symbol $, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). The sign was the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the scribal abbreviation "ps" for the peso, the common name for the Spanish dollars that were in wide circulation in the New World from the 16th to the 19th centuries. These Spanish pesos or dollars were minted in Spanish America, namely in Mexico City, Potosí, Bolivia; and Lima, Peru. The p and the s eventually came to be written over each other giving rise to $.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: The

text: symbol

text: usually

text: written

text: before

text: the

text: numerical

text: amount

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: many

text: other

text: currencies

text: The

text: sign

text: was

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: late

text: century

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: scribal

text: abbreviation

text: ps

text: for

text: the

text: peso

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Spanish

text: dollars

text: that

text: were

text: in

text: wide

text: circulation

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: centuries

text: These

text: Spanish

text: pesos

text: or

text: dollars

text: were

text: minted

text: in

text: Spanish

text: America

text: namely

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Potosí

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Lima

text: Peru

text: The

text: p

text: and

text: the

text: s

text: eventually

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: written

text: over

text: each

text: other

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

question: Which symbol is used to represent the dollar?

question: What abbreviation was the dollar sign based off of?

answer: ps

text: ps

question: What was the common name for the Spanish dollar?

answer: peso

text: peso

question: Which century signalled the end of the Spanish dollar?

answer: 19th

question: In which region of the world were the Spanish pesos minted?

answer: Spanish America

text: Spanish America

question: Which symbol is used to represent the peso?

question: What abbreviation was the minted sign based off of?

text: ps

question: What was the common name for the Spanish sign?

text: peso

question: Which century signaled the end of the sign?

question: In which region of the world were Spanish signs minted?

text: Spanish America


text: Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott. The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: Between

text: and

text: when

text: Blore

text: was

text: building

text: the

text: new

text: east

text: wing

text: the

text: Brighton

text: Pavilion

text: was

text: once

text: again

text: plundered

text: of

text: its

text: fittings

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: rooms

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: wing

text: have

text: a

text: distinctly

text: oriental

text: atmosphere

text: The

text: red

text: and

text: blue

text: Chinese

text: Luncheon

text: Room

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: from

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Brighton

text: Banqueting

text: and

text: Music

text: Rooms

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: oriental

text: chimney

text: piece

text: sculpted

text: by

text: Richard

text: Westmacott

text: The

text: Yellow

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: has

text: wallpaper

text: supplied

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Brighton

text: Saloon

text: and

text: a

text: chimney

text: piece

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: European

text: vision

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: Chinese

text: chimney

text: piece

text: may

text: appear

text: It

text: has

text: nodding

text: mandarins

text: in

text: niches

text: and

text: fearsome

text: winged

text: dragons

text: designed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Jones

question: Where did many of the fittings for the new east wing come from?

answer: Brighton Pavilion

text: Brighton Pavilion

question: When was the new east wing built?

answer: Between 1847 and 1850

text: Between 1847 and 1850

question: What is the theme for the new east wing?

answer: oriental

text: oriental

question: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room has what as a main feature?

answer: large oriental chimney piece

text: large oriental chimney piece

question: Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?

answer: Robert Jones

text: Robert Jones

question: What was Blore building between 1847 and 1850?

answer: the new east wing

text: the new east wing

question: Many rooms in the new east wing are in what style?

answer: oriental

text: oriental

question: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?

answer: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room

text: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room

question: Where did none of the fittings for the new west wing come from?

text: Brighton Pavilion

question: When was the new east wing destroyed?

text: Between 1847 and 1850

question: What theme is forbidden in the new east wing?

text: oriental

question: Who removed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?

text: Robert Jones

question: What style are in none of the rooms in the new east wing?

text: oriental


text: London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some of the surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of those areas of the counties surrounding the capital. London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe, killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when London had barely recovered from the war.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: from

text: about

text: to

text: London

text: 's

text: overcrowded

text: conditions

text: led

text: to

text: cholera

text: epidemics

text: claiming

text: lives

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: Rising

text: traffic

text: congestion

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: local

text: urban

text: rail

text: network

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: Board

text: of

text: Works

text: oversaw

text: infrastructure

text: expansion

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: counties

text: it

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: London

text: County

text: Council

text: was

text: created

text: out

text: of

text: those

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: counties

text: surrounding

text: the

text: capital

text: London

text: was

text: bombed

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: while

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: Blitz

text: and

text: other

text: bombings

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Luftwaffe

text: killed

text: over

text: Londoners

text: and

text: destroyed

text: large

text: tracts

text: of

text: housing

text: and

text: other

text: buildings

text: across

text: the

text: city

text: Immediately

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: were

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: original

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: London

text: had

text: barely

text: recovered

text: from

text: the

text: war

question: What was the primary cause of the cholera outbreak in 19th century London?

answer: London's overcrowded conditions

text: London's overcrowded conditions

question: Who bombed London in both World War I and World War II?

answer: the Germans

text: the Germans

question: When did London host its first Summer Olympics?

answer: 1948

question: How many people died of cholera in London in 1848?

answer: 14,000

question: Where did the 1948 Summer Olympics in London take place?

answer: the original Wembley Stadium

text: the original Wembley Stadium


text: As many Japanese had feared, Japan's supply arrangements could not maintain her forces. Once Mutaguchi's hopes for an early victory were thwarted, his troops, particularly those at Kohima, starved. During May, while Mutaguchi continued to order attacks, the Allies advanced southwards from Kohima and northwards from Imphal. The two Allied attacks met on 22 June, breaking the Japanese siege of Imphal. The Japanese finally broke off the operation on 3 July. They had lost over 50,000 troops, mainly to starvation and disease. This represented the worst defeat suffered by the Japanese Army to that date.[citation needed]

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: As

text: many

text: Japanese

text: had

text: feared

text: Japan

text: 's

text: supply

text: arrangements

text: could

text: not

text: maintain

text: her

text: forces

text: Once

text: Mutaguchi

text: 's

text: hopes

text: for

text: an

text: early

text: victory

text: were

text: thwarted

text: his

text: troops

text: particularly

text: those

text: at

text: Kohima

text: starved

text: During

text: May

text: while

text: Mutaguchi

text: continued

text: to

text: order

text: attacks

text: the

text: Allies

text: advanced

text: southwards

text: from

text: Kohima

text: and

text: northwards

text: from

text: Imphal

text: The

text: two

text: Allied

text: attacks

text: met

text: on

text: June

text: breaking

text: the

text: Japanese

text: siege

text: of

text: Imphal

text: The

text: Japanese

text: finally

text: broke

text: off

text: the

text: operation

text: on

text: July

text: They

text: had

text: lost

text: over

text: troops

text: mainly

text: to

text: starvation

text: and

text: disease

text: This

text: represented

text: the

text: worst

text: defeat

text: suffered

text: by

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: to

text: that

text: date.[citation

text: needed

question: What happened to Mutaguchi's troops?

answer: starved

text: starved

question: When was the Japanese siege of Imphal broken?

answer: 22 June

text: 22 June

question: How many troops had the Japanese lost?

answer: 50,000

question: What was the main cause of death of the Japanese troops?

answer: starvation and disease

text: starvation and disease


text: This principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy states that are the same as existing states), then total energy spreads over all available degrees equally without distinction between "new" and "old" degrees. This mathematical result is called the second law of thermodynamics.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: This

text: principle

text: is

text: vitally

text: important

text: to

text: understanding

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: a

text: quantity

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: energy

text: called

text: entropy

text: Entropy

text: is

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: evenness

text: of

text: a

text: distribution

text: of

text: energy

text: between

text: parts

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: When

text: an

text: isolated

text: system

text: is

text: given

text: more

text: degrees

text: of

text: freedom

text: i.e.

text: given

text: new

text: available

text: energy

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: existing

text: states

text: then

text: total

text: energy

text: spreads

text: over

text: all

text: available

text: degrees

text: equally

text: without

text: distinction

text: between

text: new

text: and

text: old

text: degrees

text: This

text: mathematical

text: result

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: second

text: law

text: of

text: thermodynamics

question: What is the principle that is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy?

answer: entropy

text: entropy

question: What is entropy?

answer: measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system

text: measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system

question: What is the mathematical result when an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom?

answer: second law of thermodynamics

text: second law of thermodynamics

question: What is the principle that is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity unrelated to energy?

text: second law of thermodynamics

question: What is dystropy?

question: What is the non-mathematical result when an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom?

text: second law of thermodynamics

question: When an isolated system is given less degrees of freedom, what happens to total energy?

text: total energy spreads

question: what is a measure of oddness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system?

text: Entropy


text: Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Countries

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: quartile

text: of

text: HDI

text: very

text: high

text: human

text: development

text: group

text: with

text: a

text: missing

text: IHDI

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Chile

text: Japan

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Singapore

text: Taiwan

text: Liechtenstein

text: Brunei

text: Andorra

text: Qatar

text: Barbados

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: and

text: Seychelles

question: What is the abbreviation for "very low human development"

text: HDI

question: What does HDMI mean?

text: "very high human development"


text: One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A minority (including Jean-Jacques Rousseau) interpreted The Prince as a satire meant to be given to the Medici after their recapture of Florence and their subsequent expulsion of Machiavelli from Florence. Though the work was written for the di Medici family in order to perhaps influence them to free him from exile, Machiavelli supported the Republic of Florence rather than the oligarchy of the di Medici family. At any rate, Machiavelli presents a pragmatic and somewhat consequentialist view of politics, whereby good and evil are mere means used to bring about an end—i.e., the secure and powerful state. Thomas Hobbes, well known for his theory of the social contract, goes on to expand this view at the start of the 17th century during the English Renaissance. Although neither Machiavelli nor Hobbes believed in the divine right of kings, they both believed in the inherent selfishness of the individual. It was necessarily this belief that led them to adopt a strong central power as the only means of preventing the disintegration of the social order.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: works

text: during

text: this

text: burgeoning

text: period

text: was

text: Niccolò

text: Machiavelli

text: 's

text: The

text: Prince

text: written

text: between

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: after

text: Machiavelli

text: 's

text: death

text: That

text: work

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: The

text: Discourses

text: a

text: rigorous

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: did

text: much

text: to

text: influence

text: modern

text: political

text: thought

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: A

text: minority

text: including

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Rousseau

text: interpreted

text: The

text: Prince

text: as

text: a

text: satire

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: Medici

text: after

text: their

text: recapture

text: of

text: Florence

text: and

text: their

text: subsequent

text: expulsion

text: of

text: Machiavelli

text: from

text: Florence

text: Though

text: the

text: work

text: was

text: written

text: for

text: the

text: di

text: Medici

text: family

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: perhaps

text: influence

text: them

text: to

text: free

text: him

text: from

text: exile

text: Machiavelli

text: supported

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Florence

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: oligarchy

text: of

text: the

text: di

text: Medici

text: family

text: At

text: any

text: rate

text: Machiavelli

text: presents

text: a

text: pragmatic

text: and

text: somewhat

text: consequentialist

text: view

text: of

text: politics

text: whereby

text: good

text: and

text: evil

text: are

text: mere

text: means

text: used

text: to

text: bring

text: about

text: an

text: end

text: i.e

text: the

text: secure

text: and

text: powerful

text: state

text: Thomas

text: Hobbes

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: theory

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: contract

text: goes

text: on

text: to

text: expand

text: this

text: view

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: during

text: the

text: English

text: Renaissance

text: Although

text: neither

text: Machiavelli

text: nor

text: Hobbes

text: believed

text: in

text: the

text: divine

text: right

text: of

text: kings

text: they

text: both

text: believed

text: in

text: the

text: inherent

text: selfishness

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: It

text: was

text: necessarily

text: this

text: belief

text: that

text: led

text: them

text: to

text: adopt

text: a

text: strong

text: central

text: power

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: means

text: of

text: preventing

text: the

text: disintegration

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: order

question: What was one of the most influential works during the period?

answer: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince

text: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince

question: When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published?

answer: 1532

question: Who wrote The  Prince?

answer: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Niccolò Machiavelli

question: Who was well known for his theory of the social contract?

answer: Thomas Hobbes

text: Thomas Hobbes

question: What influential work was written in 1532?

text: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince

question: What was published just before Machiavelli died?

text: The Prince

question: The Prince and what other work influenced medieval political thought?

text: The Discourses

question: What was written to free the Mattice family from exile?

text: The Prince

question: Who is known for their theory of social contract in the 1700s?

text: Thomas Hobbes

question: What did Thomas Hobbes write  between 1511-1512?

text: The Prince

question: After what year did Jean-Jacques Rousseau die?

question: What did di Medici do for the West?

question: Who expelled Hobbes from Florence?

text: the Medici

question: What group did Thomas Hobbes support more than the other?


text: Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% of the Bronx's vote in 1948 against 55% for Pres. Harry Truman, the winning Democrat, and 17% for Henry A. Wallace of the Progressives. It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.)

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: Bronx

text: has

text: always

text: supported

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: 's

text: nominee

text: for

text: President

text: starting

text: with

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: for

text: the

text: unsuccessful

text: Al

text: Smith

text: in

text: followed

text: by

text: four

text: votes

text: for

text: the

text: successful

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: Both

text: had

text: been

text: Governors

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: but

text: Republican

text: former

text: Gov.

text: Thomas

text: E.

text: Dewey

text: won

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: vote

text: in

text: against

text: for

text: Pres

text: Harry

text: Truman

text: the

text: winning

text: Democrat

text: and

text: for

text: Henry

text: A.

text: Wallace

text: of

text: the

text: Progressives

text: It

text: was

text: only

text: years

text: earlier

text: by

text: contrast

text: that

text: another

text: Republican

text: former

text: Governor

text: who

text: narrowly

text: lost

text: the

text: Presidency

text: Charles

text: Evans

text: Hughes

text: had

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: vote

text: against

text: Democratic

text: President

text: Woodrow

text: Wilson

text: 's

text: and

text: Socialist

text: candidate

text: Allan

text: Benson

text: 's

question: Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?

answer: Al Smith

text: Al Smith

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Hughes get?

answer: 42.6%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?

answer: 42.6%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Benson get?

answer: 7.3%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1948 did Truman get?

answer: 55%


text: Jonathan Israel called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture. They shifted the attention of the "cultivated public" away from established authorities to novelty and innovation, and promoted the "enlightened" ideals of toleration and intellectual objectivity. Being a source of knowledge derived from science and reason, they were an implicit critique of existing notions of universal truth monopolized by monarchies, parliaments, and religious authorities. They also advanced Christian enlightenment that upheld "the legitimacy of God-ordained authority"—the Bible—in which there had to be agreement between the biblical and natural theories.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Jonathan

text: Israel

text: called

text: the

text: journals

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: cultural

text: innovation

text: of

text: European

text: intellectual

text: culture

text: They

text: shifted

text: the

text: attention

text: of

text: the

text: cultivated

text: public

text: away

text: from

text: established

text: authorities

text: to

text: novelty

text: and

text: innovation

text: and

text: promoted

text: the

text: enlightened

text: ideals

text: of

text: toleration

text: and

text: intellectual

text: objectivity

text: Being

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: knowledge

text: derived

text: from

text: science

text: and

text: reason

text: they

text: were

text: an

text: implicit

text: critique

text: of

text: existing

text: notions

text: of

text: universal

text: truth

text: monopolized

text: by

text: monarchies

text: parliaments

text: and

text: religious

text: authorities

text: They

text: also

text: advanced

text: Christian

text: enlightenment

text: that

text: upheld

text: the

text: legitimacy

text: of

text: God

text: ordained

text: authority

text: the

text: Bible

text: in

text: which

text: there

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: agreement

text: between

text: the

text: biblical

text: and

text: natural

text: theories

question: Who called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture?

answer: Jonathan Israel

text: Jonathan Israel

question: To what did the journals shift attention of the cultivated public away from and towards novelty and innovation?

answer: established authorities

text: established authorities

question: What enlightened ideas were promoted by the journals?

answer: toleration and intellectual objectivity

text: toleration and intellectual objectivity

question: The journals were a source of knowledge derived from what topics?

answer: science and reason

text: science and reason


text: The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills." If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: The

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: ceremony

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: as

text: the

text: sovereign

text: is

text: traditionally

text: barred

text: from

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: On

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: event

text: the

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: will

text: read

text: to

text: the

text: chamber

text: a

text: notice

text: from

text: the

text: secretary

text: to

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: indicating

text: when

text: the

text: viceroy

text: or

text: a

text: deputy

text: thereof

text: will

text: arrive

text: The

text: Senate

text: thereafter

text: can

text: not

text: adjourn

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: ceremony

text: The

text: speaker

text: moves

text: to

text: sit

text: beside

text: the

text: throne

text: the

text: Mace

text: Bearer

text: with

text: mace

text: in

text: hand

text: stands

text: adjacent

text: to

text: him

text: or

text: her

text: and

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: enters

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: speaker

text: 's

text: chair

text: The

text: Usher

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Rod

text: is

text: then

text: commanded

text: by

text: the

text: speaker

text: to

text: summon

text: the

text: Members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: who

text: follow

text: Black

text: Rod

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Senate

text: the

text: Sergeant

text: at

text: Arms

text: carrying

text: the

text: mace

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: In

text: the

text: Senate

text: those

text: from

text: the

text: commons

text: stand

text: behind

text: the

text: bar

text: while

text: Black

text: Rod

text: proceeds

text: to

text: stand

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: who

text: then

text: nods

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: head

text: to

text: signify

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: to

text: the

text: presented

text: bills

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: include

text: appropriations

text: bills

text: Once

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: bills

text: is

text: complete

text: the

text: Clerk

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: states

text: in

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: name

text: His

text: or

text: Her

text: Excellency

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: or

text: the

text: deputy

text: doth

text: assent

text: to

text: these

text: bills

text: If

text: there

text: are

text: any

text: appropriation

text: bills

text: to

text: receive

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: the

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: will

text: read

text: their

text: titles

text: and

text: the

text: Senate

text: clerk

text: repeats

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: who

text: nods

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: head

text: to

text: communicate

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: When

text: these

text: bills

text: have

text: all

text: been

text: assented

text: to

text: the

text: Clerk

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: recites

text: in

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: name

text: His

text: or

text: Her

text: Excellency

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: or

text: the

text: deputy

text: thanks

text: her

text: loyal

text: subjects

text: accepts

text: their

text: benevolence

text: and

text: assents

text: to

text: these

text: bills

text: The

text: governor

text: general

text: or

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: deputy

text: then

text: depart

text: parliament

question: From where is the sovereign typically forbidden?

answer: House of Commons

text: House of Commons

question: Whose job is it to release parliament after the ceremony?

answer: The governor general or his or her deputy

text: The governor general or his or her deputy

question: Who reads the formal statement after the list of bills has been finished?

answer: Clerk of the Senate

text: Clerk of the Senate

question: Which position nods their head to signify assention?

answer: governor general

text: governor general

question: What ceremony takes place in the House?

text: The Royal Assent

question: On the day of the event, the President of the Senate reads to whom?

text: chamber

question: On the day of the event, the President of the Senate reads what?

text: a notice from the secretary

question: Who follows Black Rod back to the Senate?

text: Members of Parliament


text: The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain a comfortable majority. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe election observers said the 2010 polling "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards." The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: The

text: parliamentary

text: elections

text: of

text: aroused

text: many

text: accusations

text: from

text: opposition

text: parties

text: and

text: international

text: observers

text: that

text: President

text: Emomalii

text: Rahmon

text: corruptly

text: manipulates

text: the

text: election

text: process

text: and

text: unemployment

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: elections

text: in

text: February

text: saw

text: the

text: ruling

text: PDPT

text: lose

text: four

text: seats

text: in

text: Parliament

text: yet

text: still

text: maintain

text: a

text: comfortable

text: majority

text: The

text: Organization

text: for

text: Security

text: and

text: Co

text: operation

text: in

text: Europe

text: election

text: observers

text: said

text: the

text: polling

text: failed

text: to

text: meet

text: many

text: key

text: OSCE

text: commitments

text: and

text: that

text: these

text: elections

text: failed

text: on

text: many

text: basic

text: democratic

text: standards

text: The

text: government

text: insisted

text: that

text: only

text: minor

text: violations

text: had

text: occurred

text: which

text: would

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: Tajik

text: people

question: Why were parties upset in the 2005 election?

answer: accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment

text: accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment

question: What happened in the Feb 2010 election?

answer: PDPT lose four seats in Parliament

text: PDPT lose four seats in Parliament

question: What did the OSCE say that Tajikistan did?

answer: "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards."

text: "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards."

question: What was the Tajikistan governments response?

answer: The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people

text: The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people

question: The parliamentary election of 2015 aroused many what?

text: accusations

question: Accusers believed that Vice President Emomalii Rahmon did what?

question: The PDOT lost four seats in what election?

question: Which polling met many key OSCE commitments?

text: the 2010 polling

question: Who insisted that major violations occurred?

text: The government


text: In July 1956, Nasser unilaterally nationalised the Suez Canal. The response of Anthony Eden, who had succeeded Churchill as Prime Minister, was to collude with France to engineer an Israeli attack on Egypt that would give Britain and France an excuse to intervene militarily and retake the canal. Eden infuriated US President Dwight D. Eisenhower, by his lack of consultation, and Eisenhower refused to back the invasion. Another of Eisenhower's concerns was the possibility of a wider war with the Soviet Union after it threatened to intervene on the Egyptian side. Eisenhower applied financial leverage by threatening to sell US reserves of the British pound and thereby precipitate a collapse of the British currency. Though the invasion force was militarily successful in its objectives, UN intervention and US pressure forced Britain into a humiliating withdrawal of its forces, and Eden resigned.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: July

text: Nasser

text: unilaterally

text: nationalised

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: The

text: response

text: of

text: Anthony

text: Eden

text: who

text: had

text: succeeded

text: Churchill

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: was

text: to

text: collude

text: with

text: France

text: to

text: engineer

text: an

text: Israeli

text: attack

text: on

text: Egypt

text: that

text: would

text: give

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: an

text: excuse

text: to

text: intervene

text: militarily

text: and

text: retake

text: the

text: canal

text: Eden

text: infuriated

text: US

text: President

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: by

text: his

text: lack

text: of

text: consultation

text: and

text: Eisenhower

text: refused

text: to

text: back

text: the

text: invasion

text: Another

text: of

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: concerns

text: was

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: a

text: wider

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: after

text: it

text: threatened

text: to

text: intervene

text: on

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: side

text: Eisenhower

text: applied

text: financial

text: leverage

text: by

text: threatening

text: to

text: sell

text: US

text: reserves

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: pound

text: and

text: thereby

text: precipitate

text: a

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: currency

text: Though

text: the

text: invasion

text: force

text: was

text: militarily

text: successful

text: in

text: its

text: objectives

text: UN

text: intervention

text: and

text: US

text: pressure

text: forced

text: Britain

text: into

text: a

text: humiliating

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: its

text: forces

text: and

text: Eden

text: resigned

question: When was the Suez Canal nationalized?

answer: July 1956

text: July 1956

question: Who became British Prime Minister after Winston Churchill?

answer: Anthony Eden

text: Anthony Eden

question: Which country did Eden conspire with to cause an attack on Egypt?

answer: France

text: France

question: Who decided to sell US reserves of the British pound to cause the pound to collapse?

answer: Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

question: What country did Britain convince to attack Egypt?

answer: Israeli

text: Israeli


text: On the night of 10 August in Washington, American Colonels Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III were tasked with dividing the Korean Peninsula into Soviet and U.S. occupation zones and proposed the 38th parallel. This was incorporated into America's General Order No. 1 which responded to the Japanese surrender on 15 August. Explaining the choice of the 38th parallel, Rusk observed, "even though it was further north than could be realistically reached by U.S. forces, in the event of Soviet disagreement...we felt it important to include the capital of Korea in the area of responsibility of American troops". He noted that he was "faced with the scarcity of US forces immediately available, and time and space factors, which would make it difficult to reach very far north, before Soviet troops could enter the area". As Rusk's comments indicate, the Americans doubted whether the Soviet government would agree to this. Stalin, however, maintained his wartime policy of co-operation, and on 16 August the Red Army halted at the 38th parallel for three weeks to await the arrival of U.S. forces in the south.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: August

text: in

text: Washington

text: American

text: Colonels

text: Dean

text: Rusk

text: and

text: Charles

text: H.

text: Bonesteel

text: III

text: were

text: tasked

text: with

text: dividing

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: into

text: Soviet

text: and

text: U.S.

text: occupation

text: zones

text: and

text: proposed

text: the

text: parallel

text: This

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: America

text: 's

text: General

text: Order

text: No

text: which

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: surrender

text: on

text: August

text: Explaining

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: the

text: parallel

text: Rusk

text: observed

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: further

text: north

text: than

text: could

text: be

text: realistically

text: reached

text: by

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: Soviet

text: disagreement

text: we

text: felt

text: it

text: important

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Korea

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: responsibility

text: of

text: American

text: troops

text: He

text: noted

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: faced

text: with

text: the

text: scarcity

text: of

text: US

text: forces

text: immediately

text: available

text: and

text: time

text: and

text: space

text: factors

text: which

text: would

text: make

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: reach

text: very

text: far

text: north

text: before

text: Soviet

text: troops

text: could

text: enter

text: the

text: area

text: As

text: Rusk

text: 's

text: comments

text: indicate

text: the

text: Americans

text: doubted

text: whether

text: the

text: Soviet

text: government

text: would

text: agree

text: to

text: this

text: Stalin

text: however

text: maintained

text: his

text: wartime

text: policy

text: of

text: co

text: operation

text: and

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: halted

text: at

text: the

text: parallel

text: for

text: three

text: weeks

text: to

text: await

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: south

question: What job were Colonels Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III given?

answer: dividing the Korean Peninsula

text: dividing the Korean Peninsula

question: What two areas was Korea divided into?

answer: Soviet and U.S. occupation zones

text: Soviet and U.S. occupation zones

question: What order was the division of Korea included in?

answer: General Order No. 1

text: General Order No. 1

question: Who had to agree to the US's decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin

question: What was a factor in deciding where to divide the occupation zones?

answer: the capital of Korea

text: the capital of Korea


text: The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC businesses segments such as storage, services and servers. Dell's price advantage was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs, but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation. Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers (a lucrative strategy of encouraging buyers to upgrade the processor or memory). As a result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins. The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores. CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: The

text: slowing

text: sales

text: growth

text: has

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: maturing

text: PC

text: market

text: which

text: constituted

text: of

text: Dell

text: 's

text: sales

text: and

text: analysts

text: suggested

text: that

text: Dell

text: needed

text: to

text: make

text: inroads

text: into

text: non

text: PC

text: businesses

text: segments

text: such

text: as

text: storage

text: services

text: and

text: servers

text: Dell

text: 's

text: price

text: advantage

text: was

text: tied

text: to

text: its

text: ultra

text: lean

text: manufacturing

text: for

text: desktop

text: PCs

text: but

text: this

text: became

text: less

text: important

text: as

text: savings

text: became

text: harder

text: to

text: find

text: inside

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: supply

text: chain

text: and

text: as

text: competitors

text: such

text: as

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: and

text: Acer

text: made

text: their

text: PC

text: manufacturing

text: operations

text: more

text: efficient

text: to

text: match

text: Dell

text: weakening

text: Dell

text: 's

text: traditional

text: price

text: differentiation

text: Throughout

text: the

text: entire

text: PC

text: industry

text: declines

text: in

text: prices

text: along

text: with

text: commensurate

text: increases

text: in

text: performance

text: meant

text: that

text: Dell

text: had

text: fewer

text: opportunities

text: to

text: upsell

text: to

text: their

text: customers

text: a

text: lucrative

text: strategy

text: of

text: encouraging

text: buyers

text: to

text: upgrade

text: the

text: processor

text: or

text: memory

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: company

text: was

text: selling

text: a

text: greater

text: proportion

text: of

text: inexpensive

text: PCs

text: than

text: before

text: which

text: eroded

text: profit

text: margins

text: The

text: laptop

text: segment

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: of

text: the

text: PC

text: market

text: but

text: Dell

text: produced

text: low

text: cost

text: notebooks

text: in

text: China

text: like

text: other

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: which

text: eliminated

text: Dell

text: 's

text: manufacturing

text: cost

text: advantages

text: plus

text: Dell

text: 's

text: reliance

text: on

text: Internet

text: sales

text: meant

text: that

text: it

text: missed

text: out

text: on

text: growing

text: notebook

text: sales

text: in

text: big

text: box

text: stores

text: CNET

text: has

text: suggested

text: that

text: Dell

text: was

text: getting

text: trapped

text: in

text: the

text: increasing

text: commoditization

text: of

text: high

text: volume

text: low

text: margin

text: computers

text: which

text: prevented

text: it

text: from

text: offering

text: more

text: exciting

text: devices

text: that

text: consumers

text: demanded

question: What market made up the majority of Dell's sales?

answer: PC

text: PC

question: What advantage did Dell hold in the PC market?

answer: price

text: price

question: What operation did Hewlett Packard and Acer make more efficient to compete with Dell?

answer: manufacturing

text: manufacturing

question: Where did Dell miss out on sales due to relying on the internet?

answer: big box stores

text: big box stores

question: What company stated that Dell was preventing itself from innovating?

answer: CNET

text: CNET

question: What market made up the minority of Dell's sales?

text: PC

question: What disadvantage did Dell hold in the PC market?

text: price

question: What operation did Hewlett Packard and Acer make more inefficient to compete with Dell?

text: manufacturing

question: Where didn't Dell miss out on sales due to relying on the internet?

text: big box stores

question: What company stated that IBM was preventing itself from innovating?

text: CNET


text: In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this north-east corner there was a defence, Castello a Mare, to protect the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at S Maria della Catena (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova. Source: Palermo - City Guide by Adriana Chirco, 1998, Dario Flaccovio Editore.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: In

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: the

text: wall

text: circuit

text: was

text: expanded

text: Via

text: Vittorio

text: Emanuele

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: main

text: road

text: east

text: west

text: through

text: the

text: walled

text: city

text: West

text: gate

text: was

text: still

text: Porta

text: Nuova

text: the

text: circuit

text: continued

text: to

text: Corso

text: Alberti

text: to

text: Piazza

text: Vittorio

text: Emanuele

text: Orlando

text: where

text: it

text: turned

text: east

text: along

text: Via

text: Volturno

text: to

text: Piazza

text: Verdi

text: and

text: along

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: Via

text: Cavour

text: At

text: this

text: north

text: east

text: corner

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: defence

text: Castello

text: a

text: Mare

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: port

text: at

text: La

text: Cala

text: A

text: huge

text: chain

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: block

text: La

text: Cala

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: end

text: at

text: S

text: Maria

text: della

text: Catena

text: St

text: Mary

text: of

text: the

text: Chain

text: The

text: sea

text: side

text: wall

text: was

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: side

text: of

text: Foro

text: Italico

text: Umberto

text: The

text: wall

text: turns

text: west

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: side

text: of

text: Via

text: Abramo

text: Lincoln

text: continues

text: along

text: Corso

text: Tukory

text: The

text: wall

text: turns

text: north

text: approximately

text: on

text: Via

text: Benedetto

text: to

text: Palazzo

text: dei

text: Normanni

text: and

text: back

text: to

text: Porta

text: Nuova

text: Source

text: Palermo

text: City

text: Guide

text: by

text: Adriana

text: Chirco

text: Dario

text: Flaccovio

text: Editore

question: What was the purpose of Castello a Mare?

answer: to protect the port at La Cala

text: to protect the port at La Cala

question: What was used to block passage through the La Cala port?

answer: A huge chain

text: A huge chain

question: During which historical period was the wall circuit expanded?

answer: medieval

text: medieval

question: What was reduced in the medieval period?

text: the wall circuit

question: What was nolonger the main east-west road?

text: Via Vittorio Emanuele

question: What used to block the West gate?

text: A huge chain

question: What wall turns east along the western side?

text: The sea-side wall


text: Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Organisms

text: inherit

text: their

text: genes

text: from

text: their

text: parents

text: Asexual

text: organisms

text: simply

text: inherit

text: a

text: complete

text: copy

text: of

text: their

text: parent

text: 's

text: genome

text: Sexual

text: organisms

text: have

text: two

text: copies

text: of

text: each

text: chromosome

text: because

text: they

text: inherit

text: one

text: complete

text: set

text: from

text: each

question: Where do organisms inherit their genes from?

answer: from their parents

text: from their parents

question: How much of an asexual organism's genome is inherited from its parents?

answer: a complete copy

text: a complete copy

question: How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?

answer: two copies of each chromosome

text: two copies of each chromosome

question: How many sets of chromosomes does a sexual organism inherit from each parent?

answer: one complete set from each parent

text: one complete set from each parent

question: Why do sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome?

answer: because they inherit one complete set from each parent

text: because they inherit one complete set from each parent


text: As of the 2015–16 season, Premier League football has been played in 53 stadiums since the formation of the Premier League in 1992. The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished; as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater. Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums. Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2010–11 season show a large disparity in capacity: Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United has a capacity of 75,957 with Bloomfield Road, the home of Blackpool, having a capacity of 16,220. The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: Premier

text: League

text: football

text: has

text: been

text: played

text: in

text: stadiums

text: since

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: in

text: The

text: Hillsborough

text: disaster

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: Taylor

text: Report

text: saw

text: a

text: recommendation

text: that

text: standing

text: terraces

text: should

text: be

text: abolished

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: all

text: stadiums

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: are

text: all

text: seater

text: Since

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: football

text: grounds

text: in

text: England

text: have

text: seen

text: constant

text: improvements

text: to

text: capacity

text: and

text: facilities

text: with

text: some

text: clubs

text: moving

text: to

text: new

text: build

text: stadiums

text: Nine

text: stadiums

text: that

text: have

text: seen

text: Premier

text: League

text: football

text: have

text: now

text: been

text: demolished

text: The

text: stadiums

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: show

text: a

text: large

text: disparity

text: in

text: capacity

text: Old

text: Trafford

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Manchester

text: United

text: has

text: a

text: capacity

text: of

text: with

text: Bloomfield

text: Road

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Blackpool

text: having

text: a

text: capacity

text: of

text: The

text: combined

text: total

text: capacity

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: is

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: capacity

text: of

question: What did the Taylor Report recommend at the the Hillsborough disaster in 1989?

answer: a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished

text: a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished

question: What was the result of their recommendation?

answer: as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater

text: as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater

question: How many stadiums have been closed down since Premier League started?

answer: Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished.

text: Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished.

question: What was the total seating capacity of stadiums in the Premier League in the 2010-11 season.

answer: The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

text: The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

question: In how many stadiums had Premier League been played as of the 2015-16 season?

answer: 53

question: What did the Taylor Report recommend to abolish from all stadiums?

answer: standing terraces

text: standing terraces

question: How many stadiums in which the Premier League has been played have been demolished as of 2016?

answer: Nine

text: Nine

question: What is the capacity of Bloomfield Road stadium?

answer: 16,220

question: What is the combined total capacity of all stadiums in the Premier League as of 2011?

answer: 770,477

question: Since the leagues beginnings in 2015, how many stadiums have there been games in?

question: The Premier league has played in 75,957 stadiums since which year?

question: In which year was the Taylor Report disaster?

question: Since which leagues creation have football grounds in Old Trafford seen steady improvements?

text: Premier League

question: What has happened to ten stadiums that have hosted Premier League football?

text: been demolished


text: iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that computer containing the DRM protected media is authorized to play it.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: iTunes

text: and

text: above

text: can

text: transfer

text: purchased

text: media

text: of

text: the

text: iTunes

text: Store

text: from

text: an

text: iPod

text: to

text: a

text: computer

text: provided

text: that

text: computer

text: containing

text: the

text: DRM

text: protected

text: media

text: is

text: authorized

text: to

text: play

text: it

question: What kind of security determines if files moved to a computer can be played?

answer: DRM

text: DRM

question: What minimum version of iTunes is required to transfer purchased media from an iPod to an authorized computer?

answer: iTunes 7

text: iTunes 7


text: The change is evident in the reports of influential British travellers to the Balkans. In 1894, Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet, a journalist, travelled to the Far East, afterwards writing a book called The Peoples and Politics of the Far East, which came out in 1895. By "Far East" he meant Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, Siam and Malaya. As the book was a big success, he was off to the Balkan states with his wife in 1896 to develop detail for a sequel, The People and Politics of the Near East, which Scribners planned to publish in 1897. Mrs. Norman, a writer herself, wrote glowing letters of the home and person of Mme. Zakki, "the wife of a Turkish cabinet minister," who, she said, was a cultivated woman living in a country home full of books. As for the natives of the Balkans, they were "a semi-civilized people."

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: change

text: is

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: reports

text: of

text: influential

text: British

text: travellers

text: to

text: the

text: Balkans

text: In

text: Sir

text: Henry

text: Norman

text: Baronet

text: a

text: journalist

text: travelled

text: to

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: afterwards

text: writing

text: a

text: book

text: called

text: The

text: Peoples

text: and

text: Politics

text: of

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: which

text: came

text: out

text: in

text: By

text: Far

text: East

text: he

text: meant

text: Siberia

text: China

text: Japan

text: Korea

text: Siam

text: and

text: Malaya

text: As

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: a

text: big

text: success

text: he

text: was

text: off

text: to

text: the

text: Balkan

text: states

text: with

text: his

text: wife

text: in

text: to

text: develop

text: detail

text: for

text: a

text: sequel

text: The

text: People

text: and

text: Politics

text: of

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: which

text: Scribners

text: planned

text: to

text: publish

text: in

text: Mrs.

text: Norman

text: a

text: writer

text: herself

text: wrote

text: glowing

text: letters

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: and

text: person

text: of

text: Mme

text: Zakki

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: a

text: Turkish

text: cabinet

text: minister

text: who

text: she

text: said

text: was

text: a

text: cultivated

text: woman

text: living

text: in

text: a

text: country

text: home

text: full

text: of

text: books

text: As

text: for

text: the

text: natives

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: they

text: were

text: a

text: semi

text: civilized

text: people

question: Reports from who made the change evident?

answer: influential British travellers

text: influential British travellers

question: Where did Sir Henry Norman travel in 1894

answer: the Far East

text: the Far East

question: What book did Sir Henry Norman write after traveling to the Far East?

answer: The Peoples and Politics of the Far East

text: The Peoples and Politics of the Far East

question: What year did Sir Henry Norman's book come out?

answer: 1895


text: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. It hosts several different schools of Buddhism, and does not have a single leader. It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high. There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement. A Hindu temple, dedicated to Ganesh, on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement, opened in 1985.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: Pagode

text: de

text: Vincennes

text: Buddhist

text: temple

text: near

text: Lake

text: Daumesnil

text: in

text: the

text: Bois

text: de

text: Vincennes

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: Cameroon

text: pavilion

text: from

text: the

text: Paris

text: Colonial

text: Exposition

text: It

text: hosts

text: several

text: different

text: schools

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: single

text: leader

text: It

text: shelters

text: the

text: biggest

text: Buddha

text: statue

text: in

text: Europe

text: more

text: than

text: nine

text: metres

text: high

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: other

text: small

text: temples

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Asian

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: A

text: Hindu

text: temple

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Ganesh

text: on

text: Rue

text: Pajol

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: opened

text: in

question: What is the former Cameroon pavilion?

answer: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

text: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

question: Where is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?

answer: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

text: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

question: How tall is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?

answer: more than nine metres high

text: more than nine metres high

question: When did the Hindu temple on Rue Pajol open?

answer: 1985