text: The theoretical difficulties arise from the fact that all of the methods except the X-ray crystal density method rely on the theoretical basis of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect. If these theories are slightly inaccurate – though there is no evidence at present to suggest they are – the methods would not give accurate values for the Planck constant. More importantly, the values of the Planck constant obtained in this way cannot be used as tests of the theories without falling into a circular argument. Fortunately, there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: The

text: theoretical

text: difficulties

text: arise

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: methods

text: except

text: the

text: X

text: ray

text: crystal

text: density

text: method

text: rely

text: on

text: the

text: theoretical

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: Josephson

text: effect

text: and

text: the

text: quantum

text: Hall

text: effect

text: If

text: these

text: theories

text: are

text: slightly

text: inaccurate

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: at

text: present

text: to

text: suggest

text: they

text: are

text: the

text: methods

text: would

text: not

text: give

text: accurate

text: values

text: for

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

text: More

text: importantly

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

text: obtained

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: tests

text: of

text: the

text: theories

text: without

text: falling

text: into

text: a

text: circular

text: argument

text: Fortunately

text: there

text: are

text: other

text: statistical

text: ways

text: of

text: testing

text: the

text: theories

text: and

text: the

text: theories

text: have

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: refuted

question: Other than the X-ray crystal density method, other methods rely on what two effects?

answer: the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect

text: the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect

question: Why does relying on these effects create concern?

answer: If these theories are slightly inaccurate

text: If these theories are slightly inaccurate

question: Using Planck constant values from these effects would lead to what logical issue?

answer: a circular argument

text: a circular argument

question: What is the saving grace of relying on these theories?

answer: there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.

text: there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.

question: Why is there no saving grace of relying on these theories?

question: What logical issue would using Planck constant values from these effects never lead to?

text: a circular argument

question: What theories have always been refuted?

text: statistical

question: What effects are never relied on?


text: Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs. The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet, which consists of ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls. There are currently four political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon̄ Kein Ad (AKA), United People's Party (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) and United Democratic Party (UDP). Rule is shared by the AKA and the UDP. The following senators are in the legislative body:

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Legislative

text: power

text: lies

text: with

text: the

text: Nitijela

text: The

text: upper

text: house

text: of

text: Parliament

text: called

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Iroij

text: is

text: an

text: advisory

text: body

text: comprising

text: twelve

text: tribal

text: chiefs

text: The

text: executive

text: branch

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Cabinet

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: ten

text: ministers

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: with

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: the

text: Nitijela

text: The

text: twenty

text: four

text: electoral

text: districts

text: into

text: which

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: divided

text: correspond

text: to

text: the

text: inhabited

text: islands

text: and

text: atolls

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: four

text: political

text: parties

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: Aelon̄

text: Kein

text: Ad

text: AKA

text: United

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: UPP

text: Kien

text: Eo

text: Am

text: KEA

text: and

text: United

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: UDP

text: Rule

text: is

text: shared

text: by

text: the

text: AKA

text: and

text: the

text: UDP

text: The

text: following

text: senators

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: legislative

text: body

question: What is the name of the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?

answer: the Council of Iroij

text: the Council of Iroij

question: Who comprises the upper house of the Marshall Islands Parliament?

answer: twelve tribal chiefs

text: twelve tribal chiefs

question: How many ministers are in the Presidential Cabinet?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Along with the United Democratic Party, what party currently rules the Marshall Islands?

answer: the AKA

text: the AKA

question: How many electoral districts exist in the Marshall Islands?

answer: twenty-four

text: twenty-four


text: The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, which had been captured by Saladin (d. 1193) in 1187.[Z] In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines recaptured the city in 1261, but never regained their former strength. By 1291 all the crusader states had been captured or forced from the mainland, although a titular Kingdom of Jerusalem survived on the island of Cyprus for several years afterwards.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: crusaders

text: consolidated

text: their

text: conquests

text: into

text: crusader

text: states

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: there

text: were

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: conflicts

text: between

text: those

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: Islamic

text: states

text: Appeals

text: from

text: those

text: states

text: to

text: the

text: papacy

text: led

text: to

text: further

text: crusades

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Third

text: Crusade

text: called

text: to

text: try

text: to

text: regain

text: Jerusalem

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: captured

text: by

text: Saladin

text: d.

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: was

text: diverted

text: from

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: captured

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: setting

text: up

text: a

text: Latin

text: Empire

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: greatly

text: weakening

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: The

text: Byzantines

text: recaptured

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: but

text: never

text: regained

text: their

text: former

text: strength

text: By

text: all

text: the

text: crusader

text: states

text: had

text: been

text: captured

text: or

text: forced

text: from

text: the

text: mainland

text: although

text: a

text: titular

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: survived

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: afterwards

question: What was the purpose of the Third Crusade?

answer: to regain Jerusalem

text: to regain Jerusalem

question: Who took Jerusalem in 1187?

answer: Saladin

text: Saladin

question: In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?

answer: 1203

question: What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?

answer: Latin Empire of Constantinople

text: Latin Empire of Constantinople

question: After 1291, where did the titular King of Jerusalem reside?

answer: Cyprus

text: Cyprus


text: Web-based human translation is generally favored by companies and individuals that wish to secure more accurate translations. In view of the frequent inaccuracy of machine translations, human translation remains the most reliable, most accurate form of translation available. With the recent emergence of translation crowdsourcing, translation-memory techniques, and internet applications, translation agencies have been able to provide on-demand human-translation services to businesses, individuals, and enterprises.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Web

text: based

text: human

text: translation

text: is

text: generally

text: favored

text: by

text: companies

text: and

text: individuals

text: that

text: wish

text: to

text: secure

text: more

text: accurate

text: translations

text: In

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: frequent

text: inaccuracy

text: of

text: machine

text: translations

text: human

text: translation

text: remains

text: the

text: most

text: reliable

text: most

text: accurate

text: form

text: of

text: translation

text: available

text: With

text: the

text: recent

text: emergence

text: of

text: translation

text: crowdsourcing

text: translation

text: memory

text: techniques

text: and

text: internet

text: applications

text: translation

text: agencies

text: have

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: provide

text: on

text: demand

text: human

text: translation

text: services

text: to

text: businesses

text: individuals

text: and

text: enterprises

question: What type of translation is favored by those wanting more accurate translations?

answer: Web-based human translation

text: Web-based human translation

question: What reputation does machine translations have?

answer: frequent inaccuracy

text: frequent inaccuracy

question: What type of translation is still the most accurate and reliable?

answer: human

text: human

question: Because of crowdsourcing, what type of translation are agencies able to provide?

answer: on-demand human-translation services

text: on-demand human-translation services

question: Who purchases the services of translation agencies?

answer: businesses, individuals, and enterprises

text: businesses, individuals, and enterprises

question: What type of translation is disliked by those wanting more accurate translations?

text: Web-based human translation

question: What reputation does machine translations lose?

text: frequent inaccuracy

question: What type of translation is still never accurate and reliable?

text: human

question: What type of translation are agencies unable to provide?

text: on-demand human-translation services

question: Who hides the services of translation agencies?


text: According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: According

text: to

text: R.

text: J.

text: Rummel

text: genocide

text: has

text: different

text: meanings

text: The

text: ordinary

text: meaning

text: is

text: murder

text: by

text: government

text: of

text: people

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: national

text: ethnic

text: racial

text: or

text: religious

text: group

text: membership

text: The

text: legal

text: meaning

text: of

text: genocide

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: international

text: treaty

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: the

text: Prevention

text: and

text: Punishment

text: of

text: the

text: Crime

text: of

text: Genocide

text: This

text: also

text: includes

text: non

text: killings

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: eliminate

text: the

text: group

text: such

text: as

text: preventing

text: births

text: or

text: forcibly

text: transferring

text: children

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: to

text: another

text: group

text: A

text: generalized

text: meaning

text: of

text: genocide

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: ordinary

text: meaning

text: but

text: also

text: includes

text: government

text: killings

text: of

text: political

text: opponents

text: or

text: otherwise

text: intentional

text: murder

text: It

text: is

text: to

text: avoid

text: confusion

text: regarding

text: what

text: meaning

text: is

text: intended

text: that

text: Rummel

text: created

text: the

text: term

text: democide

text: for

text: the

text: third

text: meaning

question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?

answer: murder by government

text: murder by government

question: Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership?

answer: religious group

text: religious group

question: The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty?

answer: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

text: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

question: Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end?

answer: eliminate the group

text: eliminate the group

question: In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor?

answer: preventing births

text: preventing births

question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of opponentsl?

text: murder by government

question: Which other membership besides national, ethnic, and racial does Rommul postulate that murder of people by government is due to?

text: religious group

question: In which international treaty is the legal meaning of opponents contained?

question: What end is achieved by non-killings included in the democide?

text: eliminate the group

question: What other factor along with the forceful relocation of political opponents does the the CPPCG cite in the interpretation of non-killings?

text: preventing births


text: Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Legal

text: studies

text: advanced

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: Both

text: secular

text: law

text: and

text: canon

text: law

text: or

text: ecclesiastical

text: law

text: were

text: studied

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Secular

text: law

text: or

text: Roman

text: law

text: was

text: advanced

text: greatly

text: by

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Corpus

text: Juris

text: Civilis

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: by

text: Roman

text: law

text: was

text: being

text: taught

text: at

text: Bologna

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: recording

text: and

text: standardisation

text: of

text: legal

text: codes

text: throughout

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Canon

text: law

text: was

text: also

text: studied

text: and

text: around

text: a

text: monk

text: named

text: Gratian

text: fl

text: century

text: a

text: teacher

text: at

text: Bologna

text: wrote

text: what

text: became

text: the

text: standard

text: text

text: of

text: canon

text: law

text: the

text: Decretum

question: What is another name for canon law?

answer: ecclesiastical law

text: ecclesiastical law

question: What is another name for Roman law?

answer: Secular law

text: Secular law

question: Where could one study Roman law in 1100?

answer: Bologna

text: Bologna

question: In what century was the Corpus Juris Civilis rediscovered?

answer: 11th

question: Who wrote the Decretum?

answer: Gratian

text: Gratian


text: The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered that the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east. It was much easier to leave the mistake as it was than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the original surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: panhandle

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: alignment

text: with

text: its

text: Texas

text: border

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: New

text: Mexico

text: border

text: is

text: actually

text: to

text: miles

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: line

text: The

text: border

text: between

text: Texas

text: and

text: New

text: Mexico

text: was

text: set

text: first

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: survey

text: by

text: Spain

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: then

text: set

text: along

text: the

text: Meridian

text: In

text: the

text: when

text: Oklahoma

text: was

text: formally

text: surveyed

text: using

text: more

text: accurate

text: surveying

text: equipment

text: and

text: techniques

text: it

text: was

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: Texas

text: line

text: was

text: not

text: set

text: along

text: the

text: Meridian

text: Surveying

text: techniques

text: were

text: not

text: as

text: accurate

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: actual

text: Meridian

text: was

text: approximately

text: miles

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: It

text: was

text: much

text: easier

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: mistake

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: than

text: for

text: Texas

text: to

text: cede

text: land

text: to

text: New

text: Mexico

text: to

text: correct

text: the

text: original

text: surveying

text: error

text: The

text: placement

text: of

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: New

text: Mexico

text: border

text: represents

text: the

text: true

text: Meridian

question: How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?

answer: 2.1 to 2.2 miles

text: 2.1 to 2.2 miles

question: When was the border between TX and NM first determined?

answer: 1819

question: When was Oklahoma's border determined?

answer: 1890s

question: Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with?

answer: the 103rd Meridian

text: the 103rd Meridian

question: Which one is more accurately placed, the TX/NM border or the OK/NM border?

answer: Oklahoma/New Mexico border

text: Oklahoma/New Mexico border


text: Other, prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s was Nolan Strong, Andre Williams and Nathaniel Mayer – who all scored local and national hits on the Fortune Records label. According to Smokey Robinson, Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager. The Fortune label was a family-operated label located on Third Avenue in Detroit, and was owned by the husband and wife team of Jack Brown and Devora Brown. Fortune, which also released country, gospel and rockabilly LPs and 45s, laid the groundwork for Motown, which became Detroit's most legendary record label.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Other

text: prominent

text: Motor

text: City

text: R&B

text: stars

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: was

text: Nolan

text: Strong

text: Andre

text: Williams

text: and

text: Nathaniel

text: Mayer

text: who

text: all

text: scored

text: local

text: and

text: national

text: hits

text: on

text: the

text: Fortune

text: Records

text: label

text: According

text: to

text: Smokey

text: Robinson

text: Strong

text: was

text: a

text: primary

text: influence

text: on

text: his

text: voice

text: as

text: a

text: teenager

text: The

text: Fortune

text: label

text: was

text: a

text: family

text: operated

text: label

text: located

text: on

text: Third

text: Avenue

text: in

text: Detroit

text: and

text: was

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

text: team

text: of

text: Jack

text: Brown

text: and

text: Devora

text: Brown

text: Fortune

text: which

text: also

text: released

text: country

text: gospel

text: and

text: rockabilly

text: LPs

text: and

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: Motown

text: which

text: became

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: most

text: legendary

text: record

text: label

question: Who was a big influence on Smokey Robinson?

answer: Nolan Strong

text: Nolan Strong

question: What label operated in Third Avenue?

answer: Fortune

text: Fortune

question: Who was Jack Brown's wife?

answer: Devora Brown

text: Devora Brown

question: What label became Detroit's most famous?

answer: Motown

text: Motown


text: On the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour of a federal system with two components (i.e. the Dutch and French Communities of Belgium). However, the Flemish representatives in the Parliament of the Brussels Capital-Region voted in favour of the Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party. The chairman of the Walloon Parliament stated on July 17, 2008 that, "Brussels would take an attitude". Brussels' parliament passed the resolution on July 18, 2008:

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Belgian

text: federalism

text: is

text: federated

text: with

text: three

text: components

text: An

text: affirmative

text: resolution

text: concerning

text: Brussels

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: system

text: passed

text: in

text: the

text: parliaments

text: of

text: Wallonia

text: and

text: Brussels

text: These

text: resolutions

text: passed

text: against

text: the

text: desires

text: of

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: parties

text: who

text: are

text: generally

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: a

text: federal

text: system

text: with

text: two

text: components

text: i.e.

text: the

text: Dutch

text: and

text: French

text: Communities

text: of

text: Belgium

text: However

text: the

text: Flemish

text: representatives

text: in

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: voted

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: the

text: Brussels

text: resolution

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: one

text: party

text: The

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Walloon

text: Parliament

text: stated

text: on

text: July

text: that

text: Brussels

text: would

text: take

text: an

text: attitude

text: Brussels

text: parliament

text: passed

text: the

text: resolution

text: on

text: July

question: How many components does the Belgian federalism have?

answer: three components

text: three components

question: What passed on July 18, 2007?

answer: Brussels' parliament

text: Brussels' parliament

question: What are the Flemish representatives in favor for?

answer: Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party

text: Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party

question: What is Belgian Federalism?

answer: the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels.

text: the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels.

question: How many components does the Belgian federalism not have?

text: three components

question: What passed on July 18, 2007?

text: the resolution

question: What didn't pass on July 18, 2008?

text: the resolution

question: What are the Flemish representatives not in favor of?

text: the Brussels resolution

question: What isn't Belgian Federalism?


text: Glass remained a luxury material, and the disasters that overtook Late Bronze Age civilizations seem to have brought glass-making to a halt. Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have begun in 1730 BCE. In ancient China, though, glassmaking seems to have a late start, compared to ceramics and metal work. The term glass developed in the late Roman Empire. It was in the Roman glassmaking center at Trier, now in modern Germany, that the late-Latin term glesum originated, probably from a Germanic word for a transparent, lustrous substance. Glass objects have been recovered across the Roman empire in domestic, industrial and funerary contexts.[citation needed]

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Glass

text: remained

text: a

text: luxury

text: material

text: and

text: the

text: disasters

text: that

text: overtook

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: civilizations

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: brought

text: glass

text: making

text: to

text: a

text: halt

text: Indigenous

text: development

text: of

text: glass

text: technology

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: may

text: have

text: begun

text: in

text: BCE

text: In

text: ancient

text: China

text: though

text: glassmaking

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: late

text: start

text: compared

text: to

text: ceramics

text: and

text: metal

text: work

text: The

text: term

text: glass

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: glassmaking

text: center

text: at

text: Trier

text: now

text: in

text: modern

text: Germany

text: that

text: the

text: late

text: Latin

text: term

text: glesum

text: originated

text: probably

text: from

text: a

text: Germanic

text: word

text: for

text: a

text: transparent

text: lustrous

text: substance

text: Glass

text: objects

text: have

text: been

text: recovered

text: across

text: the

text: Roman

text: empire

text: in

text: domestic

text: industrial

text: and

text: funerary

text: contexts.[citation

text: needed

question: What word does "glass" come from?

answer: glesum

text: glesum

question: Where did glasswork begin relatively late?

answer: China

text: China

question: In what year did glassmaking begin in Asia?

answer: 1730 BCE

text: 1730 BCE

question: What city was a center of glass production for the Romans?

answer: Trier

text: Trier

question: In what current country is Trier located?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What word does "domestic" come from?

text: glesum

question: Where did ceramics begin in Asia?

text: China

question: In what year did glassmaking begin in Germany?

text: 1730 BCE

question: What city was a center of metal work for the Romans?

text: Trier

question: In what current country were Late Bronze Age civilizations located?

text: China


text: Some non-standard USB devices use the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network, which negotiates power draw with the host interface. These are usually called USB decorations.[citation needed] Examples include USB-powered keyboard lights, fans, mug coolers and heaters, battery chargers, miniature vacuum cleaners, and even miniature lava lamps. In most cases, these items contain no digital circuitry, and thus are not standard compliant USB devices. This may cause problems with some computers, such as drawing too much current and damaging circuitry. Prior to the Battery Charging Specification, the USB specification required that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host, which then permits the device to switch into high-power mode.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Some

text: non

text: standard

text: USB

text: devices

text: use

text: the

text: V

text: power

text: supply

text: without

text: participating

text: in

text: a

text: proper

text: USB

text: network

text: which

text: negotiates

text: power

text: draw

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: interface

text: These

text: are

text: usually

text: called

text: USB

text: decorations.[citation

text: needed

text: Examples

text: include

text: USB

text: powered

text: keyboard

text: lights

text: fans

text: mug

text: coolers

text: and

text: heaters

text: battery

text: chargers

text: miniature

text: vacuum

text: cleaners

text: and

text: even

text: miniature

text: lava

text: lamps

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: these

text: items

text: contain

text: no

text: digital

text: circuitry

text: and

text: thus

text: are

text: not

text: standard

text: compliant

text: USB

text: devices

text: This

text: may

text: cause

text: problems

text: with

text: some

text: computers

text: such

text: as

text: drawing

text: too

text: much

text: current

text: and

text: damaging

text: circuitry

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: Battery

text: Charging

text: Specification

text: the

text: USB

text: specification

text: required

text: that

text: devices

text: connect

text: in

text: a

text: low

text: power

text: mode

text: mA

text: maximum

text: and

text: communicate

text: their

text: current

text: requirements

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: which

text: then

text: permits

text: the

text: device

text: to

text: switch

text: into

text: high

text: power

text: mode

question: What do some non-standard USB devices use?

answer: the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network

text: the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network

question: What Negotiates power draw with the host interface?

answer: the 5 V power supply

text: the 5 V power supply

question: What does the USB specification require prior to the Battery Charging Specification?

answer: that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host

text: that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host


text: Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Inscriptions

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: beneath

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: rock

text: paintings

text: but

text: archaeologists

text: have

text: so

text: far

text: been

text: unable

text: to

text: decipher

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: ancient

text: writing

text: During

text: the

text: Stone

text: age

text: the

text: Doian

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: Hargeisan

text: culture

text: flourished

text: here

text: with

text: their

text: respective

text: industries

text: and

text: factories

question: Along with the Hargesian culture, what culture was present in Somalia in the Stone age?

answer: the Doian culture

text: the Doian culture

question: What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings?

answer: Inscriptions

text: Inscriptions

question: During what period did the Doian culture thrive?

answer: the Stone age

text: the Stone age


text: While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: While

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: a

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: or

text: counterweight

text: to

text: NATO

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: direct

text: confrontation

text: between

text: them

text: Instead

text: the

text: conflict

text: was

text: fought

text: on

text: an

text: ideological

text: basis

text: Both

text: NATO

text: and

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: military

text: forces

text: and

text: their

text: integration

text: into

text: the

text: respective

text: blocs

text: The

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: 's

text: largest

text: military

text: engagement

text: was

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: invasion

text: of

text: Czechoslovakia

text: with

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: all

text: Pact

text: nations

text: except

text: Romania

text: and

text: Albania

text: The

text: Pact

text: failed

text: to

text: function

text: when

text: the

text: Revolutions

text: of

text: spread

text: through

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: Solidarity

text: movement

text: in

text: Poland

text: and

text: its

text: success

text: in

text: June

question: Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?

answer: NATO

text: NATO

question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment?

answer: Czechoslovakia

text: Czechoslovakia

question: What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?

answer: Solidarity

text: Solidarity

question: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment?

answer: Czechoslovakia

text: Czechoslovakia

question: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively?

answer: 1989

question: What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?

answer: Solidarity

text: Solidarity

question: There was direct confrontation between the Warsaw Pact and which organization?

text: NATO

question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact economic deployment?

text: Czechoslovakia

question: Who functioned successfully when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Easter Europe?

text: The Pact

question: What was the name of the Albanian revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?

text: Solidarity


text: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Federalism

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: mixed

text: or

text: compound

text: mode

text: of

text: government

text: combining

text: a

text: general

text: government

text: the

text: central

text: or

text: federal

text: government

text: with

text: regional

text: governments

text: provincial

text: state

text: Land

text: cantonal

text: territorial

text: or

text: other

text: sub

text: unit

text: governments

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: political

text: system

text: Its

text: distinctive

text: feature

text: exemplified

text: in

text: the

text: founding

text: example

text: of

text: modern

text: federalism

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: under

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: is

text: a

text: relationship

text: of

text: parity

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: established

text: It

text: can

text: thus

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: powers

text: between

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: equal

text: status

question: What is federalism?

answer: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government

text: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government

question: In Federalism, are the division of powers equal?

answer: division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

text: division of powers between two levels of government of equal status

question: What type of governments are included in federalism?

answer: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

text: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments

question: How many governments are apart of federalism?

answer: relationship of parity between the two levels of government

text: relationship of parity between the two levels of government

question: What isn't federalism?

question: What features are indistinctive of federalism?

question: What document rejected modern federalist government?

text: Constitution of 1789

question: What distinguishes Federalism from no other types of government?

question: Federalism combines what three types of government?


text: The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of paraphernalia connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub. In some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated in pub signs. Simple natural or religious symbols such as 'The Sun', 'The Star' and 'The Cross' were incorporated into pub signs, sometimes being adapted to incorporate elements of the heraldry (e.g. the coat of arms) of the local lords who owned the lands upon which the pub stood. Some pubs have Latin inscriptions.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: earliest

text: signs

text: were

text: often

text: not

text: painted

text: but

text: consisted

text: for

text: example

text: of

text: paraphernalia

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: brewing

text: process

text: such

text: as

text: bunches

text: of

text: hops

text: or

text: brewing

text: implements

text: which

text: were

text: suspended

text: above

text: the

text: door

text: of

text: the

text: pub

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: local

text: nicknames

text: farming

text: terms

text: and

text: puns

text: were

text: used

text: Local

text: events

text: were

text: often

text: commemorated

text: in

text: pub

text: signs

text: Simple

text: natural

text: or

text: religious

text: symbols

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Sun

text: The

text: Star

text: and

text: The

text: Cross

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: pub

text: signs

text: sometimes

text: being

text: adapted

text: to

text: incorporate

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: heraldry

text: e.g.

text: the

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: lords

text: who

text: owned

text: the

text: lands

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: pub

text: stood

text: Some

text: pubs

text: have

text: Latin

text: inscriptions

question: Inscriptions from what language were sometimes present on pub signs?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: Along with The Star and The Sun, what was a typical symbol used on a pub sign?

answer: The Cross

text: The Cross

question: What graphic belonging to the local lord was sometimes incorporated on the pub sign?

answer: the coat of arms

text: the coat of arms

question: What plants were sometimes featured on pub signs?

answer: hops

text: hops

question: Local pub nicknames were often related to what profession?

answer: farming

text: farming


text: Boston (pronounced i/ˈbɒstən/) is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston also served as the historic county seat of Suffolk County until Massachusetts disbanded county government in 1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated population of 655,884 in 2014, making it the largest city in New England and the 24th largest city in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.7 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan statistical area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 8.1 million people, making it the sixth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: pronounced

text: i/ˈbɒstən/

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Boston

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: historic

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Suffolk

text: County

text: until

text: Massachusetts

text: disbanded

text: county

text: government

text: in

text: The

text: city

text: proper

text: covers

text: square

text: miles

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: anchor

text: of

text: a

text: substantially

text: larger

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: called

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: as

text: a

text: commuting

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: combined

text: statistical

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: Which of the United States is Boston located in?

answer: Massachusetts

text: Massachusetts

question: How many square miles is the city proper of Boston?

answer: 48

question: The large metropolitan area of Boston is also called what?

answer: Greater Boston

text: Greater Boston

question: What is the estimated population of Greater Boston?

answer: 4.7 million people

text: 4.7 million people

question: What is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts?

answer: Boston

text: Boston


text: The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*). The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: The

text: Research

text: Assessment

text: Exercise

text: returned

text: of

text: the

text: staff

text: submitted

text: as

text: being

text: world

text: leading

text: and

text: a

text: further

text: as

text: being

text: internationally

text: excellent

text: The

text: Research

text: Assessment

text: Exercise

text: also

text: showed

text: five

text: subjects

text: Pure

text: Mathematics

text: Epidemiology

text: and

text: Public

text: Health

text: Chemical

text: Engineering

text: Civil

text: Engineering

text: and

text: Mechanical

text: Aeronautical

text: and

text: Manufacturing

text: Engineering

text: were

text: assessed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: best[clarification

text: needed

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: internationally

text: recognised

text: research

text: quality

question: What percentage of Imperial's staff was classified as world leading in 2008?

answer: 26%

question: What percentage of Imperial's staff was deemed to be internationally excellent in 2008?

answer: 47%

question: Which group assessed Imperial's staff members to determine their standing in relation to the rest of the world?

answer: Research Assessment Exercise

text: Research Assessment Exercise

question: How many subjects were judged to be the best in terms of internationally recognised research quality?

answer: five

text: five

question: what assesment showed 1225 staff to be world-leading?

text: The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise

question: What showed 26% of staff to be internationally excellent?

text: The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise

question: What five subjects where shown to the top ranked in the world?


text: The stated objective of most intellectual property law (with the exception of trademarks) is to "Promote progress." By exchanging limited exclusive rights for disclosure of inventions and creative works, society and the patentee/copyright owner mutually benefit, and an incentive is created for inventors and authors to create and disclose their work. Some commentators have noted that the objective of intellectual property legislators and those who support its implementation appears to be "absolute protection". "If some intellectual property is desirable because it encourages innovation, they reason, more is better. The thinking is that creators will not have sufficient incentive to invent unless they are legally entitled to capture the full social value of their inventions". This absolute protection or full value view treats intellectual property as another type of "real" property, typically adopting its law and rhetoric. Other recent developments in intellectual property law, such as the America Invents Act, stress international harmonization. Recently there has also been much debate over the desirability of using intellectual property rights to protect cultural heritage, including intangible ones, as well as over risks of commodification derived from this possibility. The issue still remains open in legal scholarship.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: The

text: stated

text: objective

text: of

text: most

text: intellectual

text: property

text: law

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: trademarks

text: is

text: to

text: Promote

text: progress

text: By

text: exchanging

text: limited

text: exclusive

text: rights

text: for

text: disclosure

text: of

text: inventions

text: and

text: creative

text: works

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: patentee

text: copyright

text: owner

text: mutually

text: benefit

text: and

text: an

text: incentive

text: is

text: created

text: for

text: inventors

text: and

text: authors

text: to

text: create

text: and

text: disclose

text: their

text: work

text: Some

text: commentators

text: have

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: objective

text: of

text: intellectual

text: property

text: legislators

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: support

text: its

text: implementation

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: absolute

text: protection

text: If

text: some

text: intellectual

text: property

text: is

text: desirable

text: because

text: it

text: encourages

text: innovation

text: they

text: reason

text: more

text: is

text: better

text: The

text: thinking

text: is

text: that

text: creators

text: will

text: not

text: have

text: sufficient

text: incentive

text: to

text: invent

text: unless

text: they

text: are

text: legally

text: entitled

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: full

text: social

text: value

text: of

text: their

text: inventions

text: This

text: absolute

text: protection

text: or

text: full

text: value

text: view

text: treats

text: intellectual

text: property

text: as

text: another

text: type

text: of

text: real

text: property

text: typically

text: adopting

text: its

text: law

text: and

text: rhetoric

text: Other

text: recent

text: developments

text: in

text: intellectual

text: property

text: law

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: America

text: Invents

text: Act

text: stress

text: international

text: harmonization

text: Recently

text: there

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: much

text: debate

text: over

text: the

text: desirability

text: of

text: using

text: intellectual

text: property

text: rights

text: to

text: protect

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: including

text: intangible

text: ones

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: over

text: risks

text: of

text: commodification

text: derived

text: from

text: this

text: possibility

text: The

text: issue

text: still

text: remains

text: open

text: in

text: legal

text: scholarship

question: What is the stated objective of most intellectual property law?

answer: Promote progress.

text: Promote progress.

question: What do patents create an incentive for inventors to do?

answer: create and disclose their work

text: create and disclose their work

question: Which view treats intellectual property as another type of "real" property?

answer: absolute protection or full value

text: absolute protection or full value

question: Which recent law stresses international harmonization?

answer: America Invents Act

text: America Invents Act

question: What has the stated objective of protecting the inventor?

text: intellectual property law

question: Who do patents keep from disclosing their work?

text: inventors

question: What new treats intellectual property different than real property?

question: What recent loss stresses national harmonization?

text: America Invents Act

question: Why is less intellectual property more desirable?

text: it encourages innovation


text: In the 51 years prior to the Empire Stadium opening, the final (including 8 replays) was held in a variety of locations, predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace. It was played 22 times in the Oval (the inaugural competition in 1872, and then all but two times until 1892). After the Oval, Crystal Palace hosted 21 finals from 1895 to 1914, broken up by 4 four replays elsewhere. The other London venues were Stamford Bridge from 1920 to 1922 (the last three finals before the move to Empire Stadium); and Oxford University's Lillie Bridge in Fulham for the second ever final, in 1873. The other venues used sparingly in this period were all outside of London, as follows:

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: opening

text: the

text: final

text: including

text: replays

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: locations

text: predominantly

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: mainly

text: at

text: the

text: Kennington

text: Oval

text: and

text: then

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: It

text: was

text: played

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: Oval

text: the

text: inaugural

text: competition

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: all

text: but

text: two

text: times

text: until

text: After

text: the

text: Oval

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: hosted

text: finals

text: from

text: to

text: broken

text: up

text: by

text: four

text: replays

text: elsewhere

text: The

text: other

text: London

text: venues

text: were

text: Stamford

text: Bridge

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: three

text: finals

text: before

text: the

text: move

text: to

text: Empire

text: Stadium

text: and

text: Oxford

text: University

text: 's

text: Lillie

text: Bridge

text: in

text: Fulham

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: ever

text: final

text: in

text: The

text: other

text: venues

text: used

text: sparingly

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: were

text: all

text: outside

text: of

text: London

text: as

text: follows

question: Where do the majority of FA cup finals take place?

answer: predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace.

text: predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace.

question: How many times was the FA cup playing in the Oval ?

answer: . It was played 22 times in the Oval

text: . It was played 22 times in the Oval

question: What was the first year the Oval hosted the FA cup?

answer: 1872

question: How many times has Crystal Palce hosted the FA cup?

answer: 21

question: How many replays took place at the Oval?

answer: 8 replays

text: 8 replays

question: Where do the least amount of FA cup finals take place?

question: How many times was the FA cup not played in the Oval?

text: 22 times

question: How many times was the FA cup final played outside of London?

question: In what time period was the FA cup final played outside of London?

text: 1895 to 1914

question: Where was the final played after the Empire Stadium opening?

text: the Kennington Oval


text: New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: New

text: claims

text: on

text: Antarctica

text: have

text: been

text: suspended

text: since

text: although

text: Norway

text: in

text: formally

text: defined

text: Queen

text: Maud

text: Land

text: as

text: including

text: the

text: unclaimed

text: area

text: between

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: Antarctica

text: 's

text: status

text: is

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: and

text: other

text: related

text: agreements

text: collectively

text: called

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: System

text: Antarctica

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: all

text: land

text: and

text: ice

text: shelves

text: south

text: of

text: S

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: System

text: The

text: treaty

text: was

text: signed

text: by

text: twelve

text: countries

text: including

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: later

text: Russia

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: set

text: aside

text: Antarctica

text: as

text: a

text: scientific

text: preserve

text: established

text: freedom

text: of

text: scientific

text: investigation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: and

text: banned

text: military

text: activity

text: on

text: Antarctica

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: arms

text: control

text: agreement

text: established

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

question: Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica?

answer: 1959

question: What document regulates Antarctica's status?

answer: Antarctic Treaty System

text: Antarctic Treaty System

question: What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?

answer: south of 60° S

text: south of 60° S

question: How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?

answer: twelve

text: twelve

question: What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?

answer: scientific preserve

text: scientific preserve

question: What has been suspended since 1995?

text: New claims on Antarctica

question: What year did Norway formally define Maud Queen Land?

question: What 1995 treaty is Antarctica's status regulated by?

text: Antarctic Treaty

question: What is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 59° S?

text: Antarctica


text: Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are "lumens per watt" (lpw). The maximum LER possible is 683 lm/W for monochromatic green light at 555 nanometers wavelength, the peak sensitivity of the human eye.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: Luminous

text: efficacy

text: of

text: a

text: light

text: source

text: may

text: be

text: defined

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: The

text: radiant

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: LER

text: is

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: visible

text: light

text: flux

text: emitted

text: the

text: luminous

text: flux

text: to

text: the

text: total

text: power

text: radiated

text: over

text: all

text: wavelengths

text: The

text: source

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: LES

text: is

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: visible

text: light

text: flux

text: emitted

text: the

text: luminous

text: flux

text: to

text: the

text: total

text: power

text: input

text: to

text: the

text: source

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: lamp

text: Visible

text: light

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: lumens

text: a

text: unit

text: which

text: is

text: defined

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: differing

text: sensitivity

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: to

text: different

text: wavelengths

text: of

text: light

text: Not

text: all

text: wavelengths

text: of

text: visible

text: electromagnetic

text: energy

text: are

text: equally

text: effective

text: at

text: stimulating

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: the

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: of

text: radiant

text: energy

text: LER

text: is

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: how

text: well

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: energy

text: matches

text: the

text: perception

text: of

text: the

text: eye

text: The

text: units

text: of

text: luminous

text: efficacy

text: are

text: lumens

text: per

text: watt

text: lpw

text: The

text: maximum

text: LER

text: possible

text: is

text: lm

text: W

text: for

text: monochromatic

text: green

text: light

text: at

text: nanometers

text: wavelength

text: the

text: peak

text: sensitivity

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: eye

question: What does the acronym LER refer to?

answer: radiant luminous efficacy

text: radiant luminous efficacy

question: What is the maximum LER possible?

answer: 683 lm/W

text: 683 lm/W

question: In how many ways can one define luminous efficacy of a light source?

answer: two ways

text: two ways

question: What is the definition of radiant luminous efficacy?

answer: the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths

text: the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths

question: What does the acronym LES refer to?

answer: source luminous efficacy

text: source luminous efficacy

question: What may be defined in three ways?

text: Luminous efficacy

question: What does the acronym LER not stand for?

text: radiant luminous efficacy

question: What does the acronym LES not stand for?

text: source luminous efficacy

question: What is not the ratio of the visible light flux emitted to the total power input to the source?

text: source luminous efficacy (LES)

question: What is the minimum LER possible?

text: 683 lm/W


text: The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Inequality

text: adjusted

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: IHDI

text: is

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: average

text: level

text: of

text: human

text: development

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: a

text: society

text: once

text: inequality

text: is

text: taken

text: into

text: account

question: What does the IHDI specifically take into account?

answer: Inequality

text: Inequality

question: Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development?

answer: the average level

text: the average level

question: What does the HIHDI specifically take into account?

text: inequality

question: Does the IHDI measure the "unaverage" or the "lack of potential" level of human development?

text: average level


text: After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: After

text: August

text: sites

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: Open

text: Directory

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: be

text: included

text: According

text: to

text: Jeff

text: Kaplan

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: Archive

text: in

text: November

text: other

text: sites

text: were

text: still

text: being

text: archived

text: but

text: more

text: recent

text: captures

text: would

text: become

text: visible

text: only

text: after

text: the

text: next

text: major

text: indexing

text: an

text: infrequent

text: operation

question: When did it become a requirement for websites to appear on Open Directory for inclusion in the Archive?

answer: After August 2008

text: After August 2008

question: Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Archive was reindexed?

answer: Jeff Kaplan

text: Jeff Kaplan

question: When did Kaplan make comments about the status of non-Open Directory sites?

answer: November 2010

text: November 2010

question: When did it become a requirement for websites to appear on Open Directory for inclusion in Kaplan?

text: After August 2008

question: Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Kaplan was reindexed?

text: Jeff Kaplan

question: When did Kaplan make comments about the status of Open Directory sites?

text: November 2010

question: Why were sites listed on the Internet Archive after August 2008?

text: in order to be included

question: When did Kaplan make comments about the Open Directory?

text: November 2010


text: On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free land to colonists to attract families to Detroit; when it reached a total population of 800 in 1765, it was the largest city between Montreal and New Orleans, both also French settlements. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400. By 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: On

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: strait

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: officer

text: Antoine

text: de

text: la

text: Mothe

text: Cadillac

text: along

text: with

text: fifty

text: one

text: French

text: people

text: and

text: French

text: Canadians

text: founded

text: a

text: settlement

text: called

text: Fort

text: Pontchartrain

text: du

text: Détroit

text: naming

text: it

text: after

text: Louis

text: Phélypeaux

text: comte

text: de

text: Pontchartrain

text: Minister

text: of

text: Marine

text: under

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: France

text: offered

text: free

text: land

text: to

text: colonists

text: to

text: attract

text: families

text: to

text: Detroit

text: when

text: it

text: reached

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: between

text: Montreal

text: and

text: New

text: Orleans

text: both

text: also

text: French

text: settlements

text: By

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Detroit

text: was

text: By

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Province

text: of

text: Quebec

question: What was Detroit's population in 1773?

answer: 1,400

question: What was Detroit's population in 1778?

answer: 2,144

question: What was Detroit's population in 1765?

answer: 800

question: Who was the French Minister of Marine in 1701?

answer: Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain

text: Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain

question: Which French officer led the 1701 expedition?

answer: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac

text: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac


text: Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the program over and over again until some internal condition is met. This is called the flow of control within the program and it is what allows the computer to perform tasks repeatedly without human intervention.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Program

text: execution

text: might

text: be

text: likened

text: to

text: reading

text: a

text: book

text: While

text: a

text: person

text: will

text: normally

text: read

text: each

text: word

text: and

text: line

text: in

text: sequence

text: they

text: may

text: at

text: times

text: jump

text: back

text: to

text: an

text: earlier

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: text

text: or

text: skip

text: sections

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: of

text: interest

text: Similarly

text: a

text: computer

text: may

text: sometimes

text: go

text: back

text: and

text: repeat

text: the

text: instructions

text: in

text: some

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: over

text: and

text: over

text: again

text: until

text: some

text: internal

text: condition

text: is

text: met

text: This

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: control

text: within

text: the

text: program

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: what

text: allows

text: the

text: computer

text: to

text: perform

text: tasks

text: repeatedly

text: without

text: human

text: intervention

question: When a computer goes back and repeats instructions of a program over until an internal condition is met is called what?

answer: the flow of control

text: the flow of control

question: What allows a computer to perform repetitive tasks without human intervening?

answer: the flow of control

text: the flow of control


text: The Battle of Osan, the first significant American engagement of the Korean War, involved the 540-soldier Task Force Smith, which was a small forward element of the 24th Infantry Division which had been flown in from Japan. On 5 July 1950, Task Force Smith attacked the North Koreans at Osan but without weapons capable of destroying the North Koreans' tanks. They were unsuccessful; the result was 180 dead, wounded, or taken prisoner. The KPA progressed southwards, pushing back the US force at Pyongtaek, Chonan, and Chochiwon, forcing the 24th Division's retreat to Taejeon, which the KPA captured in the Battle of Taejon; the 24th Division suffered 3,602 dead and wounded and 2,962 captured, including the Division's Commander, Major General William F. Dean.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Osan

text: the

text: first

text: significant

text: American

text: engagement

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: involved

text: the

text: Task

text: Force

text: Smith

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: small

text: forward

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: flown

text: in

text: from

text: Japan

text: On

text: July

text: Task

text: Force

text: Smith

text: attacked

text: the

text: North

text: Koreans

text: at

text: Osan

text: but

text: without

text: weapons

text: capable

text: of

text: destroying

text: the

text: North

text: Koreans

text: tanks

text: They

text: were

text: unsuccessful

text: the

text: result

text: was

text: dead

text: wounded

text: or

text: taken

text: prisoner

text: The

text: KPA

text: progressed

text: southwards

text: pushing

text: back

text: the

text: US

text: force

text: at

text: Pyongtaek

text: Chonan

text: and

text: Chochiwon

text: forcing

text: the

text: Division

text: 's

text: retreat

text: to

text: Taejeon

text: which

text: the

text: KPA

text: captured

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Taejon

text: the

text: Division

text: suffered

text: dead

text: and

text: wounded

text: and

text: captured

text: including

text: the

text: Division

text: 's

text: Commander

text: Major

text: General

text: William

text: F.

text: Dean

question: What battle is considered the US's first significant fight in the Korean War?

answer: Battle of Osan

text: Battle of Osan

question: Which infantry division was involved in the Battle of Osan?

answer: 24th Infantry Division

text: 24th Infantry Division

question: Where was the 24th Division forced to retreat to what location?

answer: Taejeon

text: Taejeon

question: At what Battle did the 24th Infantry Division suffer major losses?

answer: Battle of Taejon

text: Battle of Taejon

question: In what country is the US's Task Force Smith located?

answer: Japan

text: Japan


text: Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion. The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs, beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Tourism

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: important

text: industry

text: in

text: Miami

text: Along

text: with

text: finance

text: and

text: business

text: the

text: beaches

text: conventions

text: festivals

text: and

text: events

text: draw

text: over

text: million

text: visitors

text: annually

text: into

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: spending

text: billion

text: The

text: Art

text: Deco

text: District

text: in

text: South

text: Beach

text: is

text: reputed

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: glamorous

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: its

text: nightclubs

text: beaches

text: historical

text: buildings

text: and

text: shopping

text: Annual

text: events

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Sony

text: Ericsson

text: Open

text: Art

text: Basel

text: Winter

text: Music

text: Conference

text: South

text: Beach

text: Wine

text: Food

text: Festival

text: and

text: Mercedes

text: Benz

text: Fashion

text: Week

text: Miami

text: attract

text: millions

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: every

text: year

question: How many tourists come to Miami each year?

answer: 38 million

text: 38 million

question: How much money do tourists spend in Miami every year?

answer: $17.1 billion

text: $17.1 billion

question: What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District?

answer: South Beach

text: South Beach

question: Who sponsors Fashion Week Miami?

answer: Mercedes-Benz

text: Mercedes-Benz

question: Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction exists in the Art Deco District?

answer: historical buildings

text: historical buildings

question: How many tourists don't come to Miami each year?

text: 38 million

question: How much money do tourists spend in Miami every month?

text: $17.1 billion

question: What neighborhood is home to the Art Nouveau District?

text: South Beach

question: Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction doesn't exist in the Art Deco District?

text: historical buildings

question: Who sponsors Fashion Month Miami?

text: Mercedes-Benz


text: The commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these formats would ultimately prevail in what was known as the "War of the Speeds". (See also format war.) In 1949 Capitol and Decca adopted the new LP format and RCA gave in and issued its first LP in January 1950. The 45 rpm size was gaining in popularity, too, and Columbia issued its first 45s in February 1951. By 1954, 200 million 45s had been sold.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: commercial

text: rivalry

text: between

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: and

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: led

text: to

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: 's

text: introduction

text: of

text: what

text: it

text: had

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: competing

text: vinyl

text: format

text: the

text: mm

text: rpm

text: disc

text: For

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: record

text: companies

text: and

text: consumers

text: faced

text: uncertainty

text: over

text: which

text: of

text: these

text: formats

text: would

text: ultimately

text: prevail

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Speeds

text: See

text: also

text: format

text: war

text: In

text: Capitol

text: and

text: Decca

text: adopted

text: the

text: new

text: LP

text: format

text: and

text: RCA

text: gave

text: in

text: and

text: issued

text: its

text: first

text: LP

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: rpm

text: size

text: was

text: gaining

text: in

text: popularity

text: too

text: and

text: Columbia

text: issued

text: its

text: first

text: in

text: February

text: By

text: million

text: had

text: been

text: sold

question: Which two companies were involved in the "War of the Speeds"?

answer: RCA Victor and Columbia Records

text: RCA Victor and Columbia Records

question: Over which years did the "War of the Speeds" last?

answer: 1948 to 1950

text: 1948 to 1950

question: Which company lost the "War of the Speeds"?

answer: RCA

text: RCA

question: What speed ultimantly ended up winning the war of the speeds?

answer: 45 rpm

text: 45 rpm

question: By 1945 what was the total sale of 45s?

answer: 200 million

text: 200 million


text: There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area, with three more currently in construction, accommodating the growing Muslim population, the first one being Masjid Bilal. In the 1950s, Muslims from the East End got organized under Nation of Islam (NOI). They used to meet in Temple #24 located on North Avenue. After the NOI split in 1975, the Muslims who joined mainstream Islam, start meeting at Shabaaz Restaurant on Nine Mile Road. By 1976, the Muslims used to meet in a rented church. They tried to buy this church, but due to financial difficulties the Muslims instead bought an old grocery store at Chimbarazoo Boulevard, the present location of Masjid Bilal. Initially, the place was called "Masjid Muhammad #24". Only by 1990 did the Muslims renamed it to "Masjid Bilal". Masjid Bilal was followed by the Islamic Center of Virginia, ICVA masjid. The ICVA was established in 1973 as a non profit tax exempt organization. With aggressive fundraising, ICVA was able to buy land on Buford road. Construction of the new masjid began in the early 1980s. The rest of the five current masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond (ICR) in the west end, Masjid Umm Barakah on 2nd street downtown, Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the west end, Masjidullah in the north side, and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: There

text: are

text: seven

text: current

text: masjids

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Richmond

text: area

text: with

text: three

text: more

text: currently

text: in

text: construction

text: accommodating

text: the

text: growing

text: Muslim

text: population

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: being

text: Masjid

text: Bilal

text: In

text: the

text: Muslims

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: End

text: got

text: organized

text: under

text: Nation

text: of

text: Islam

text: NOI

text: They

text: used

text: to

text: meet

text: in

text: Temple

text: located

text: on

text: North

text: Avenue

text: After

text: the

text: NOI

text: split

text: in

text: the

text: Muslims

text: who

text: joined

text: mainstream

text: Islam

text: start

text: meeting

text: at

text: Shabaaz

text: Restaurant

text: on

text: Nine

text: Mile

text: Road

text: By

text: the

text: Muslims

text: used

text: to

text: meet

text: in

text: a

text: rented

text: church

text: They

text: tried

text: to

text: buy

text: this

text: church

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: the

text: Muslims

text: instead

text: bought

text: an

text: old

text: grocery

text: store

text: at

text: Chimbarazoo

text: Boulevard

text: the

text: present

text: location

text: of

text: Masjid

text: Bilal

text: Initially

text: the

text: place

text: was

text: called

text: Masjid

text: Muhammad

text: Only

text: by

text: did

text: the

text: Muslims

text: renamed

text: it

text: to

text: Masjid

text: Bilal

text: Masjid

text: Bilal

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Center

text: of

text: Virginia

text: ICVA

text: masjid

text: The

text: ICVA

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: tax

text: exempt

text: organization

text: With

text: aggressive

text: fundraising

text: ICVA

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: buy

text: land

text: on

text: Buford

text: road

text: Construction

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: masjid

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: current

text: masjids

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: area

text: are

text: Islamic

text: Center

text: of

text: Richmond

text: ICR

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: end

text: Masjid

text: Umm

text: Barakah

text: on

text: street

text: downtown

text: Islamic

text: Society

text: of

text: Greater

text: Richmond

text: ISGR

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: end

text: Masjidullah

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: and

text: Masjid

text: Ar

text: Rahman

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: end

question: Where did Richmond's Nation of Islam members initially meet?

answer: Temple #24

text: Temple #24

question: On what street is Masjid Bilal located?

answer: Chimbarazoo Boulevard

text: Chimbarazoo Boulevard

question: What was Masjid Bilal previously known as?

answer: Masjid Muhammad #24

text: Masjid Muhammad #24

question: What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?

answer: 1973

question: On what street can Shabaaz Restaurant be found?

answer: Nine Mile Road

text: Nine Mile Road


text: The evolution of Proto-Greek should be considered within the context of an early Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages. The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is shared, for one, by the Armenian language, which also seems to share some other phonological and morphological peculiarities of Greek; this has led some linguists to propose a hypothetical closer relationship between Greek and Armenian, although evidence remains scant.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: The

text: evolution

text: of

text: Proto

text: Greek

text: should

text: be

text: considered

text: within

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: an

text: early

text: Paleo

text: Balkan

text: sprachbund

text: that

text: makes

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: delineate

text: exact

text: boundaries

text: between

text: individual

text: languages

text: The

text: characteristically

text: Greek

text: representation

text: of

text: word

text: initial

text: laryngeals

text: by

text: prothetic

text: vowels

text: is

text: shared

text: for

text: one

text: by

text: the

text: Armenian

text: language

text: which

text: also

text: seems

text: to

text: share

text: some

text: other

text: phonological

text: and

text: morphological

text: peculiarities

text: of

text: Greek

text: this

text: has

text: led

text: some

text: linguists

text: to

text: propose

text: a

text: hypothetical

text: closer

text: relationship

text: between

text: Greek

text: and

text: Armenian

text: although

text: evidence

text: remains

text: scant

question: What progression coincided with the the early Greek states that makes it difficult to give credit for the language and differences ?

answer: Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages.

text: Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages.

question: What is commonly seen in the Greek language that is not a constant ?

answer: The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels

text: The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels

question: What other language has this same trait ?

answer: word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is shared, for one, by the Armenian language

text: word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is shared, for one, by the Armenian language

question: What other things do the two languages seem to have in common ?

answer: phonological and morphological peculiarities of Greek; this has led some linguists to propose a hypothetical closer relationship between Greek and Armenian

text: phonological and morphological peculiarities of Greek; this has led some linguists to propose a hypothetical closer relationship between Greek and Armenian

question: How much evidence of the link between the languages is currently available ?

answer: linguists to propose a hypothetical closer relationship between Greek and Armenian, although evidence remains scant.

text: linguists to propose a hypothetical closer relationship between Greek and Armenian, although evidence remains scant.

question: What context should the evolution of the Armenian language be viewed within?

text: an early Paleo-Balkan sprachbund

question: What was developed by some linguists that is not a constant?

question: What other language wasn't used outside of Armenia?

text: the Armenian language

question: How much evidence is there that Proto-Greek was spoken in Armenia?

text: scant

question: What other country could Greeks be found to have settled in?

text: Armenian

question: What progression coincided with the the early Greek states that makes it easy to give credit for the language and differences ?

question: What is uncommonly seen in the Greek language that is not a constant ?

question: What other language hasn't this same trait ?

question: What other things do the two languages not seem to have in common ?

question: How much evidence of the link between the languages is currently unavailable ?

question: What progression coincided with the the late Greek states that makes it difficult to give credit for the language and differences ?

question: What is uncommonly seen in the Greek language that is not a constant ?

question: What other language doesn't have this same trait ?

question: What other things do the three languages seem to have in common ?

question: How much evidence of the link between the languages is not currently available ?


text: The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of the civil war.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: The

text: subsequent

text: elections

text: were

text: internationally

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: free

text: and

text: fair

text: in

text: Liberian

text: history

text: Ellen

text: Johnson

text: Sirleaf

text: a

text: Harvard

text: trained

text: economist

text: and

text: former

text: Minister

text: of

text: Finance

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: president

text: in

text: Africa

text: Upon

text: her

text: inauguration

text: Sirleaf

text: requested

text: the

text: extradition

text: of

text: Taylor

text: from

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: transferred

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: SCSL

text: for

text: trial

text: in

text: The

text: Hague

text: In

text: the

text: government

text: established

text: a

text: Truth

text: and

text: Reconciliation

text: Commission

text: to

text: address

text: the

text: causes

text: and

text: crimes

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: war

question: The 2005 elections were known as what?

answer: the most free and fair in Liberian history

text: the most free and fair in Liberian history

question: Who is ellen johnson sirleaf?

answer: a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance

text: a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance

question: Who was elected the first female president of Africa?

answer: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

text: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

question: Movement For democracy in Liberia requested the extradition of whom"

answer: Taylor from Nigeria

text: Taylor from Nigeria

question: What was created to address the causes of civil war?

answer: Truth and Reconciliation Commission

text: Truth and Reconciliation Commission

question: What elections saw the defeat of Sirleaf?

text: The subsequent 2005 elections

question: In what year was Taylor extradited from Nigeria?

question: Who was the first non-African president in Africa?

text: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

question: What was created to address the inauguration of Sirleaf?

text: Truth and Reconciliation Commission

question: Who was transferred from The Hague for trial in the NIgeria?

text: Taylor


text: Baptists have faced many controversies in their 400-year history, controversies of the level of crises. Baptist historian Walter Shurden says the word "crisis" comes from the Greek word meaning "to decide." Shurden writes that contrary to the presumed negative view of crises, some controversies that reach a crisis level may actually be "positive and highly productive." He claims that even schism, though never ideal, has often produced positive results. In his opinion crises among Baptists each have become decision-moments that shaped their future. Some controversies that have shaped Baptists include the "missions crisis", the "slavery crisis", the "landmark crisis", and the "modernist crisis".

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Baptists

text: have

text: faced

text: many

text: controversies

text: in

text: their

text: history

text: controversies

text: of

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: crises

text: Baptist

text: historian

text: Walter

text: Shurden

text: says

text: the

text: word

text: crisis

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: word

text: meaning

text: to

text: decide

text: Shurden

text: writes

text: that

text: contrary

text: to

text: the

text: presumed

text: negative

text: view

text: of

text: crises

text: some

text: controversies

text: that

text: reach

text: a

text: crisis

text: level

text: may

text: actually

text: be

text: positive

text: and

text: highly

text: productive

text: He

text: claims

text: that

text: even

text: schism

text: though

text: never

text: ideal

text: has

text: often

text: produced

text: positive

text: results

text: In

text: his

text: opinion

text: crises

text: among

text: Baptists

text: each

text: have

text: become

text: decision

text: moments

text: that

text: shaped

text: their

text: future

text: Some

text: controversies

text: that

text: have

text: shaped

text: Baptists

text: include

text: the

text: missions

text: crisis

text: the

text: slavery

text: crisis

text: the

text: landmark

text: crisis

text: and

text: the

text: modernist

text: crisis

question: "Crisis" comes from a Greek word meaning what?

answer: to decide

text: to decide

question: Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "positive and highly productive?"

answer: Walter Shurden

text: Walter Shurden

question: What did Shurden claim was never ideal, has often produced positive results?

answer: controversies that have shaped Baptists

text: controversies that have shaped Baptists

question: What are some controversies that have shaped Baptists?

answer: "missions crisis", the "slavery crisis", the "landmark crisis", and the "modernist crisis"

text: "missions crisis", the "slavery crisis", the "landmark crisis", and the "modernist crisis"

question: "Crisis" comes from a Latin word meaning what?

text: to decide

question: Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "negative and least productive?"

text: Walter Shurden

question: Which group has faced many controversies in their 300-year history?

text: Baptists

question: What has never helped shape Baptists?

text: controversies