text: There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the Marshall Plan was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: There

text: were

text: numerous

text: previous

text: attempts

text: to

text: obtain

text: general

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: budget

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: it

text: was

text: revealed

text: that

text: CIA

text: 's

text: annual

text: budget

text: in

text: Fiscal

text: Year

text: was

text: US

text: million

text: inflation

text: adjusted

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: overall

text: intelligence

text: budget

text: in

text: FY

text: was

text: US

text: billion

text: inflation

text: adjusted

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: accidental

text: disclosures

text: for

text: instance

text: Mary

text: Margaret

text: Graham

text: a

text: former

text: CIA

text: official

text: and

text: deputy

text: director

text: of

text: national

text: intelligence

text: for

text: collection

text: in

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: annual

text: intelligence

text: budget

text: was

text: billion

text: and

text: in

text: Congress

text: accidentally

text: published

text: a

text: budget

text: of

text: billion

text: in

text: dollars

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: non

text: military

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: Program

text: including

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: CIA

text: After

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Plan

text: was

text: approved

text: appropriating

text: billion

text: over

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: those

text: funds

text: or

text: million

text: were

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: the

text: CIA

question: What was the first year the CIA's budget was disclosed?

answer: 1963

question: Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005?

answer: Mary Margaret Graham

text: Mary Margaret Graham

question: What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994?

answer: Congress

text: Congress

question: What plan appropriated $13.7 billion over five years?

answer: the Marshall Plan

text: the Marshall Plan

question: What percent of the $13.7 billion did the CIA receive?

answer: 5%


text: Capacity building is an ongoing problem experienced by NPOs for a number of reasons. Most rely on external funding (government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations) to maintain their operations and changes in these sources of revenue may influence the reliability or predictability with which the organization can hire and retain staff, sustain facilities, create programs, or maintain tax-exempt status. For example, a university that sells research to for-profit companies may have tax exemption problems. In addition, unreliable funding, long hours and low pay can result in employee retention problems. During 2009, the US government acknowledged this critical need by the inclusion of the Nonprofit Capacity Building Program in the Serve America Act. Further efforts to quantify the scope of the sector and propose policy solutions for community benefit were included in the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act, proposed during 2010.

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Capacity

text: building

text: is

text: an

text: ongoing

text: problem

text: experienced

text: by

text: NPOs

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: reasons

text: Most

text: rely

text: on

text: external

text: funding

text: government

text: funds

text: grants

text: from

text: charitable

text: foundations

text: direct

text: donations

text: to

text: maintain

text: their

text: operations

text: and

text: changes

text: in

text: these

text: sources

text: of

text: revenue

text: may

text: influence

text: the

text: reliability

text: or

text: predictability

text: with

text: which

text: the

text: organization

text: can

text: hire

text: and

text: retain

text: staff

text: sustain

text: facilities

text: create

text: programs

text: or

text: maintain

text: tax

text: exempt

text: status

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: university

text: that

text: sells

text: research

text: to

text: for

text: profit

text: companies

text: may

text: have

text: tax

text: exemption

text: problems

text: In

text: addition

text: unreliable

text: funding

text: long

text: hours

text: and

text: low

text: pay

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: employee

text: retention

text: problems

text: During

text: the

text: US

text: government

text: acknowledged

text: this

text: critical

text: need

text: by

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: the

text: Nonprofit

text: Capacity

text: Building

text: Program

text: in

text: the

text: Serve

text: America

text: Act

text: Further

text: efforts

text: to

text: quantify

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: sector

text: and

text: propose

text: policy

text: solutions

text: for

text: community

text: benefit

text: were

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Nonprofit

text: Sector

text: and

text: Community

text: Solutions

text: Act

text: proposed

text: during

question: What are ways that a charitable foundation receives money for it's cause?

answer: government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations

text: government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations

question: What type of funding do charitable organizations typically rely on?

answer: external funding

text: external funding

question: What are some problems that affect employee retention and volunteers?

answer: unreliable funding, long hours and low pay

text: unreliable funding, long hours and low pay

question: What legislation did the US introduce to try and help the NPOs?

answer: Nonprofit Capacity Building Program

text: Nonprofit Capacity Building Program

question: When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted?

answer: 2010

question: Who is external funding an ongoing problem for?

text: NPOs

question: What problem did NPO's have in 2010?

text: Capacity building

question: What are some things that affect government funds and grants?

question: What did organizations take part in proposing in 2009?

question: What are two areas that experience problems when Community Solutions has a change in funding?

text: retain staff, sustain facilities


text: Supercomputers in particular often have highly unique architectures that differ significantly from the basic stored-program architecture and from general purpose computers. They often feature thousands of CPUs, customized high-speed interconnects, and specialized computing hardware. Such designs tend to be useful only for specialized tasks due to the large scale of program organization required to successfully utilize most of the available resources at once. Supercomputers usually see usage in large-scale simulation, graphics rendering, and cryptography applications, as well as with other so-called "embarrassingly parallel" tasks.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Supercomputers

text: in

text: particular

text: often

text: have

text: highly

text: unique

text: architectures

text: that

text: differ

text: significantly

text: from

text: the

text: basic

text: stored

text: program

text: architecture

text: and

text: from

text: general

text: purpose

text: computers

text: They

text: often

text: feature

text: thousands

text: of

text: CPUs

text: customized

text: high

text: speed

text: interconnects

text: and

text: specialized

text: computing

text: hardware

text: Such

text: designs

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: useful

text: only

text: for

text: specialized

text: tasks

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: large

text: scale

text: of

text: program

text: organization

text: required

text: to

text: successfully

text: utilize

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: available

text: resources

text: at

text: once

text: Supercomputers

text: usually

text: see

text: usage

text: in

text: large

text: scale

text: simulation

text: graphics

text: rendering

text: and

text: cryptography

text: applications

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: with

text: other

text: so

text: called

text: embarrassingly

text: parallel

text: tasks

question: How many CPUs do supercomputers typically possess?

answer: thousands

text: thousands

question: What is the name of a computer that has many CPUs and much more powerful?

answer: Supercomputers

text: Supercomputers


text: There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: There

text: are

text: four

text: hundred

text: securities

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: stock

text: exchange

text: of

text: which

text: almost

text: three

text: hundred

text: are

text: offshore

text: funds

text: and

text: alternative

text: investment

text: structures

text: attracted

text: by

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: regulatory

text: environment

text: The

text: Exchange

text: specialises

text: in

text: listing

text: and

text: trading

text: of

text: capital

text: market

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: equities

text: debt

text: issues

text: funds

text: including

text: hedge

text: fund

text: structures

text: and

text: depository

text: receipt

text: programmes

text: The

text: BSX

text: is

text: a

text: full

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Federation

text: of

text: Exchanges

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: an

text: OECD

text: member

text: nation

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: Approved

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: status

text: under

text: Australia

text: 's

text: Foreign

text: Investment

text: Fund

text: FIF

text: taxation

text: rules

text: and

text: Designated

text: Investment

text: Exchange

text: status

text: by

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: Financial

text: Services

text: Authority

question: What does the Exchange specialize in?

answer: listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds

text: listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds

question: What is the BSX a member of?

answer: the World Federation of Exchanges

text: the World Federation of Exchanges

question: Where is the BSX located?

answer: an OECD member nation

text: an OECD member nation

question: Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status?

answer: Australia

text: Australia

question: Where are there 300 securities listed?

text: on the stock exchange

question: What is the BXS a full member of?

text: World Federation of Exchanges

question: Where is the BXS located?

text: OECD member nation.

question: What does FFI stand for?

text: Australia's Foreign Investment Fund


text: For air dielectric capacitors the breakdown field strength is of the order 2 to 5 MV/m; for mica the breakdown is 100 to 300 MV/m; for oil, 15 to 25 MV/m; it can be much less when other materials are used for the dielectric. The dielectric is used in very thin layers and so absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors is limited. Typical ratings for capacitors used for general electronics applications range from a few volts to 1 kV. As the voltage increases, the dielectric must be thicker, making high-voltage capacitors larger per capacitance than those rated for lower voltages. The breakdown voltage is critically affected by factors such as the geometry of the capacitor conductive parts; sharp edges or points increase the electric field strength at that point and can lead to a local breakdown. Once this starts to happen, the breakdown quickly tracks through the dielectric until it reaches the opposite plate, leaving carbon behind and causing a short (or relatively low resistance) circuit. The results can be explosive as the short in the capacitor draws current from the surrounding circuitry and dissipates the energy.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: For

text: air

text: dielectric

text: capacitors

text: the

text: breakdown

text: field

text: strength

text: is

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: to

text: MV

text: m

text: for

text: mica

text: the

text: breakdown

text: is

text: to

text: MV

text: m

text: for

text: oil

text: to

text: MV

text: m

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: much

text: less

text: when

text: other

text: materials

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: dielectric

text: The

text: dielectric

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: very

text: thin

text: layers

text: and

text: so

text: absolute

text: breakdown

text: voltage

text: of

text: capacitors

text: is

text: limited

text: Typical

text: ratings

text: for

text: capacitors

text: used

text: for

text: general

text: electronics

text: applications

text: range

text: from

text: a

text: few

text: volts

text: to

text: kV.

text: As

text: the

text: voltage

text: increases

text: the

text: dielectric

text: must

text: be

text: thicker

text: making

text: high

text: voltage

text: capacitors

text: larger

text: per

text: capacitance

text: than

text: those

text: rated

text: for

text: lower

text: voltages

text: The

text: breakdown

text: voltage

text: is

text: critically

text: affected

text: by

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: geometry

text: of

text: the

text: capacitor

text: conductive

text: parts

text: sharp

text: edges

text: or

text: points

text: increase

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: strength

text: at

text: that

text: point

text: and

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: a

text: local

text: breakdown

text: Once

text: this

text: starts

text: to

text: happen

text: the

text: breakdown

text: quickly

text: tracks

text: through

text: the

text: dielectric

text: until

text: it

text: reaches

text: the

text: opposite

text: plate

text: leaving

text: carbon

text: behind

text: and

text: causing

text: a

text: short

text: or

text: relatively

text: low

text: resistance

text: circuit

text: The

text: results

text: can

text: be

text: explosive

text: as

text: the

text: short

text: in

text: the

text: capacitor

text: draws

text: current

text: from

text: the

text: surrounding

text: circuitry

text: and

text: dissipates

text: the

text: energy

question: What order is the breakdown field strength for air dielectric capacitors of?

answer: of the order 2 to 5 MV/m

text: of the order 2 to 5 MV/m

question: Of what order is the breakdown field strength for mica dielectric capacitors?

answer: 100 to 300 MV/m

text: 100 to 300 MV/m

question: In what way is the dielectric used in order to cause the absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors to be limited?

answer: The dielectric is used in very thin layers

text: The dielectric is used in very thin layers

question: What is one factor that critically affects the breakdown voltage of the capacitor?

answer: the geometry of the capacitor conductive parts

text: the geometry of the capacitor conductive parts

question: What is the difference in the physical attributes of the dielectric used in high voltage capacitors compared to low voltage capacitors?

answer: the dielectric must be thicker

text: the dielectric must be thicker

question: What order is the breakdown field weakness for air dielectric capacitors of?

text: the order 2 to 5 MV/m

question: Of what order is the breakdown field weakness for mica dielectric capacitors?

text: 100 to 300 MV/m

question: In what way is the dielectric never used in order to cause the absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors to be limited?

text: very thin layers

question: What is one factor that does not affect the breakdown voltage of the capacitor?

question: What is the difference in the physical attributes of the dielectric used in high voltage capacitors compared to even higher voltage capacitors?

text: must be thicker


text: There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin, that produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: main

text: chemical

text: pulping

text: processes

text: the

text: sulfite

text: process

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: dominant

text: method

text: extent

text: before

text: the

text: second

text: world

text: war

text: The

text: kraft

text: process

text: invented

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: practiced

text: strategy

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: advantages

text: is

text: the

text: chemical

text: reaction

text: with

text: lignin

text: that

text: produces

text: heat

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: run

text: a

text: generator

text: Most

text: pulping

text: operations

text: using

text: the

text: kraft

text: process

text: are

text: net

text: contributors

text: to

text: the

text: electricity

text: grid

text: or

text: use

text: the

text: electricity

text: to

text: run

text: an

text: adjacent

text: paper

text: mill

text: Another

text: advantage

text: is

text: that

text: this

text: process

text: recovers

text: and

text: reuses

text: all

text: inorganic

text: chemical

text: reagents

text: Soda

text: pulping

text: is

text: another

text: specialty

text: process

text: used

text: to

text: pulp

text: straws

text: bagasse

text: and

text: hardwoods

text: with

text: high

text: silicate

text: content

question: How many chemical pulping processes are there?

answer: three

text: three

question: What decade does the sulfite process date to?

answer: 1840s

question: What process is most commonly used?

answer: The kraft process

text: The kraft process

question: What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content?

answer: Soda pulping

text: Soda pulping

question: How many mechanical pulping processes exist?

text: three

question: What is a specialty process used to pulp paper mills?

text: Soda pulping

question: What is a specialty process used to hardwoods with high silicate content?

text: Soda pulping

question: What is a specialty process used to bagasse ?

text: Soda pulping

question: Invented in the 1870s, when was soda pulping first used?

question: How many non-chemical pulping processes are there?

text: three

question: What decade did the sulfite process stop?

question: What process is least commonly used?

text: The kraft process

question: What is another process used to pulp straws with low silicate content?

text: Soda pulping


text: At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community. The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years. Downtown is generally regarded as the area bordered by 17th Street to the south, I-10 to the west, and 6th Street to the north, and Toole Avenue and the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) railroad tracks, site of the historic train depot and "Locomotive #1673", built in 1900. Downtown is divided into the Presidio District, the Barrio Viejo, and the Congress Street Arts and Entertainment District. Some authorities include the 4th Avenue shopping district, which is set just northeast of the rest of downtown and connected by an underpass beneath the UPRR tracks.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: downtown

text: Tucson

text: underwent

text: a

text: revitalization

text: effort

text: by

text: city

text: planners

text: and

text: the

text: business

text: community

text: The

text: primary

text: project

text: was

text: Rio

text: Nuevo

text: a

text: large

text: retail

text: and

text: community

text: center

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: stalled

text: in

text: planning

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: ten

text: years

text: Downtown

text: is

text: generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: area

text: bordered

text: by

text: Street

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Street

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Toole

text: Avenue

text: and

text: the

text: Union

text: Pacific

text: formerly

text: Southern

text: Pacific

text: railroad

text: tracks

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: historic

text: train

text: depot

text: and

text: Locomotive

text: built

text: in

text: Downtown

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Presidio

text: District

text: the

text: Barrio

text: Viejo

text: and

text: the

text: Congress

text: Street

text: Arts

text: and

text: Entertainment

text: District

text: Some

text: authorities

text: include

text: the

text: Avenue

text: shopping

text: district

text: which

text: is

text: set

text: just

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: downtown

text: and

text: connected

text: by

text: an

text: underpass

text: beneath

text: the

text: UPRR

text: tracks

question: What was the Union Pacific once known as?

answer: Southern Pacific

text: Southern Pacific

question: What year was Locomotive #1673 made in?

answer: 1900

question: What was the name of the retail and community center that took longer than a decade to build?

answer: Rio Nuevo

text: Rio Nuevo

question: When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin?

answer: At the end of the first decade of the 21st century

text: At the end of the first decade of the 21st century

question: What is Rio Nuevo?

answer: a large retail and community center

text: a large retail and community center

question: What is the southern edge of Tucson's downtown?

answer: 17th Street

text: 17th Street

question: What is the western edge of Tucson's downtown?

answer: I-10

question: What is the northern edge of Tucson's downtown?

answer: 6th Street

text: 6th Street


text: Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. "Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines". First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary, then as a line in advertisements. For example, the McClures magazine, v53, May 1921, has a full page ad with, at the bottom:

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: Thomas

text: J.

text: Watson

text: Sr

text: fired

text: from

text: the

text: National

text: Cash

text: Register

text: Company

text: by

text: John

text: Henry

text: Patterson

text: called

text: on

text: Flint

text: and

text: in

text: was

text: offered

text: CTR

text: Watson

text: joined

text: CTR

text: as

text: General

text: Manager

text: then

text: months

text: later

text: was

text: made

text: President

text: when

text: court

text: cases

text: relating

text: to

text: his

text: time

text: at

text: NCR

text: were

text: resolved

text: Having

text: learned

text: Patterson

text: 's

text: pioneering

text: business

text: practices

text: Watson

text: proceeded

text: to

text: put

text: the

text: stamp

text: of

text: NCR

text: onto

text: CTR

text: 's

text: companies

text: He

text: implemented

text: sales

text: conventions

text: generous

text: sales

text: incentives

text: a

text: focus

text: on

text: customer

text: service

text: an

text: insistence

text: on

text: well

text: groomed

text: dark

text: suited

text: salesmen

text: and

text: had

text: an

text: evangelical

text: fervor

text: for

text: instilling

text: company

text: pride

text: and

text: loyalty

text: in

text: every

text: worker

text: His

text: favorite

text: slogan

text: THINK

text: became

text: a

text: mantra

text: for

text: each

text: company

text: 's

text: employees

text: During

text: Watson

text: 's

text: first

text: four

text: years

text: revenues

text: more

text: than

text: doubled

text: to

text: million

text: and

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: operations

text: expanded

text: to

text: Europe

text: South

text: America

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australia

text: Watson

text: had

text: never

text: liked

text: the

text: clumsy

text: hyphenated

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: CTR

text: and

text: chose

text: to

text: replace

text: it

text: with

text: the

text: more

text: expansive

text: title

text: International

text: Business

text: Machines

text: First

text: as

text: a

text: name

text: for

text: a

text: Canadian

text: subsidiary

text: then

text: as

text: a

text: line

text: in

text: advertisements

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: McClures

text: magazine

text: May

text: has

text: a

text: full

text: page

text: ad

text: with

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

question: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR?

answer: 1914

question: Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company?

answer: National Cash Register Company

text: National Cash Register Company

question: What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.?

answer: THINK

text: THINK

question: The revenues did what under the first 4 years of Watson being president?

answer: more than doubled to $9 million

text: more than doubled to $9 million

question: The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?

answer: 1917

question: In what year did CTR first use THINK as its slogan?

text: in 1914

question: Who did Thomas J. Watson, Sr fire from the CTR company?

text: John Henry Patterson

question: When did Patterson join the National Cash Register Company?

question: What happened to the revenue of the National Cash Register Company when Patterson became president?

question: What kind of benefits were given to employees of the National Cash Register Company?


text: According to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexico City, with an estimated population of 200,000. American civilizations also displayed impressive accomplishments in astronomy and mathematics. The domestication of maize or corn required thousands of years of selective breeding.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: According

text: to

text: both

text: indigenous

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: accounts

text: and

text: documents

text: American

text: civilizations

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: European

text: encounter

text: had

text: achieved

text: many

text: accomplishments

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: Aztecs

text: built

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Tenochtitlan

text: the

text: ancient

text: site

text: of

text: Mexico

text: City

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: American

text: civilizations

text: also

text: displayed

text: impressive

text: accomplishments

text: in

text: astronomy

text: and

text: mathematics

text: The

text: domestication

text: of

text: maize

text: or

text: corn

text: required

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: of

text: selective

text: breeding

question: What had the civilizations in the Americas achieved by the time the Europeans encountered them?

answer: many accomplishments

text: many accomplishments

question: What had the Aztec civilization constructed?

answer: one of the largest cities in the world

text: one of the largest cities in the world

question: How big was the population of the Aztec cit of Tenochtitlan?

answer: 200,000

question: Astronomy and mathematics were also accomplishments of which civilizations?

answer: American

text: American

question: How many years of selective breeding did it take to domesticate maize?

answer: thousands

text: thousands


text:
Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn
5(OH)
6(CO
3)
2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zinc corrodes away. The zinc is applied electrochemically or as molten zinc by hot-dip galvanizing or spraying. Galvanization is used on chain-link fencing, guard rails, suspension bridges, lightposts, metal roofs, heat exchangers, and car bodies.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Zinc

text: is

text: more

text: reactive

text: than

text: iron

text: or

text: steel

text: and

text: thus

text: will

text: attract

text: almost

text: all

text: local

text: oxidation

text: until

text: it

text: completely

text: corrodes

text: away

text: A

text: protective

text: surface

text: layer

text: of

text: oxide

text: and

text: carbonate

text: Zn

text: forms

text: as

text: the

text: zinc

text: corrodes

text: This

text: protection

text: lasts

text: even

text: after

text: the

text: zinc

text: layer

text: is

text: scratched

text: but

text: degrades

text: through

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: zinc

text: corrodes

text: away

text: The

text: zinc

text: is

text: applied

text: electrochemically

text: or

text: as

text: molten

text: zinc

text: by

text: hot

text: dip

text: galvanizing

text: or

text: spraying

text: Galvanization

text: is

text: used

text: on

text: chain

text: link

text: fencing

text: guard

text: rails

text: suspension

text: bridges

text: lightposts

text: metal

text: roofs

text: heat

text: exchangers

text: and

text: car

text: bodies

question: What two compounds is zinc more reactive than?

answer: iron or steel

text: iron or steel

question: What forms as zinc corrodes?

answer: protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate

text: protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate

question: How is zinc applied?

answer: electrochemically or as molten zinc

text: electrochemically or as molten zinc

question: What is used on many common items, such as chain link fences?

answer: Galvanization

text: Galvanization

question: What is the only compound zinc is more reactive than?

text: steel

question: What explodes as zinc corrodes?

question: How is zinc applied to wounds?

text: electrochemically or as molten zinc

question: What is used on many rare items, such as chain link fences?

text: Galvanization


text: For example, one might refer to the A above middle C as a', A4, or 440 Hz. In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches. Human perception of musical intervals is approximately logarithmic with respect to fundamental frequency: the perceived interval between the pitches "A220" and "A440" is the same as the perceived interval between the pitches A440 and A880. Motivated by this logarithmic perception, music theorists sometimes represent pitches using a numerical scale based on the logarithm of fundamental frequency. For example, one can adopt the widely used MIDI standard to map fundamental frequency, f, to a real number, p, as follows

title: Pitch_(music)

title: Pitch_(music

text: For

text: example

text: one

text: might

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: A

text: above

text: middle

text: C

text: as

text: a

text: or

text: Hz

text: In

text: standard

text: Western

text: equal

text: temperament

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: pitch

text: is

text: insensitive

text: to

text: spelling

text: the

text: description

text: double

text: sharp

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: pitch

text: as

text: in

text: other

text: temperaments

text: these

text: may

text: be

text: distinct

text: pitches

text: Human

text: perception

text: of

text: musical

text: intervals

text: is

text: approximately

text: logarithmic

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: fundamental

text: frequency

text: the

text: perceived

text: interval

text: between

text: the

text: pitches

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: perceived

text: interval

text: between

text: the

text: pitches

text: and

text: Motivated

text: by

text: this

text: logarithmic

text: perception

text: music

text: theorists

text: sometimes

text: represent

text: pitches

text: using

text: a

text: numerical

text: scale

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: logarithm

text: of

text: fundamental

text: frequency

text: For

text: example

text: one

text: can

text: adopt

text: the

text: widely

text: used

text: MIDI

text: standard

text: to

text: map

text: fundamental

text: frequency

text: f

text: to

text: a

text: real

text: number

text: p

text: as

text: follows

question: The notion of pitch is insensitive to what?

answer: spelling

text: spelling

question: The description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as what?

answer: A4

question: Human perception of musical intervals is approximately what?

answer: logarithmic

text: logarithmic

question: Music theorist represent pitches using what kind of scale?

answer: numerical

text: numerical


text: The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the "The Times" bfi London Film Festival. It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: The

text: Times

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: Film

text: Institute

text: sponsors

text: the

text: The

text: Times

text: bfi

text: London

text: Film

text: Festival

text: It

text: also

text: sponsors

text: the

text: Cheltenham

text: Literature

text: Festival

text: and

text: the

text: Asia

text: House

text: Festival

text: of

text: Asian

text: Literature

text: at

text: Asia

text: House

text: London

question: What film festival does The Times support that is also supported alongside the British Film Institute?

answer: London Film Festival

text: London Film Festival

question: What festival is featured at Asia House, London?

answer: Asia House Festival of Asian Literature

text: Asia House Festival of Asian Literature

question: The Cheltenham Literature Festival is supported by what major newspaper?

answer: The Times

text: The Times


text: The topography of the state is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are concentrated in the western half of the state, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern Rocky Mountains. The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the south-central part of the state are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountain Front is a significant feature in the north-central portion of the state, and there are a number of isolated island ranges that interrupt the prairie landscape common in the central and eastern parts of the state. About 60 percent of the state is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: topography

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: roughly

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Continental

text: Divide

text: which

text: splits

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: into

text: distinct

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: regions

text: Most

text: of

text: Montana

text: 's

text: or

text: more

text: named

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: are

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: geologically

text: and

text: geographically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Absaroka

text: and

text: Beartooth

text: ranges

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: are

text: technically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Rocky

text: Mountain

text: Front

text: is

text: a

text: significant

text: feature

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: isolated

text: island

text: ranges

text: that

text: interrupt

text: the

text: prairie

text: landscape

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: prairie

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: Great

text: Plains

question: Where are most of the states mountain ranges?

answer: western half of the state

text: western half of the state

question: How much of the state is prarie?

answer: About 60 percent

text: About 60 percent


text: Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: between

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: and

text: the

text: Ozark

text: Plateau

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: watershed

text: generally

text: sloping

text: from

text: the

text: high

text: plains

text: of

text: its

text: western

text: boundary

text: to

text: the

text: low

text: wetlands

text: of

text: its

text: southeastern

text: boundary

text: Its

text: highest

text: and

text: lowest

text: points

text: follow

text: this

text: trend

text: with

text: its

text: highest

text: peak

text: Black

text: Mesa

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: situated

text: near

text: its

text: far

text: northwest

text: corner

text: in

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Panhandle

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: lowest

text: point

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: Little

text: River

text: near

text: its

text: far

text: southeastern

text: boundary

text: near

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Idabel

text: OK

text: which

text: dips

text: to

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

question: What plateau is Oklahoma near?

answer: Ozark Plateau

text: Ozark Plateau

question: What watershed is Oklahoma in?

answer: Gulf of Mexico

text: Gulf of Mexico

question: What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain?

answer: Black Mesa

text: Black Mesa

question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's highest point?

answer: 4,973

question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's lowest point?

answer: 289


text: In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, was launched in 1999.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: website

text: was

text: offering

text: thousands

text: of

text: created

text: by

text: independent

text: artists

text: for

text: free

text: The

text: small

text: size

text: of

text: files

text: enabled

text: widespread

text: peer

text: to

text: peer

text: file

text: sharing

text: of

text: music

text: ripped

text: from

text: CDs

text: which

text: would

text: have

text: previously

text: been

text: nearly

text: impossible

text: The

text: first

text: large

text: peer

text: to

text: peer

text: filesharing

text: network

text: Napster

text: was

text: launched

text: in

question: Which website offered MP3s for free?

answer: mp3.com

question: How many MP3s were offered for free by the website?

answer: thousands

text: thousands

question: What kind of file sharing became popular due to the file sizes of MP3s?

answer: peer-to-peer

text: peer-to-peer

question: How did people come into possession of MP3s?

answer: ripped from CDs

text: ripped from CDs

question: Which network was the first large peer to peer file sharing network?

answer: Napster

text: Napster


text: Probably the most influential single device on the interpretation of these characters was the Teletype Model 33 ASR, which was a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option. Paper tape was a very popular medium for long-term program storage until the 1980s, less costly and in some ways less fragile than magnetic tape. In particular, the Teletype Model 33 machine assignments for codes 17 (Control-Q, DC1, also known as XON), 19 (Control-S, DC3, also known as XOFF), and 127 (Delete) became de facto standards. The Model 33 was also notable for taking the description of Control-G (BEL, meaning audibly alert the operator) literally as the unit contained an actual bell which it rang when it received a BEL character. Because the keytop for the O key also showed a left-arrow symbol (from ASCII-1963, which had this character instead of underscore), a noncompliant use of code 15 (Control-O, Shift In) interpreted as "delete previous character" was also adopted by many early timesharing systems but eventually became neglected.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: Probably

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: single

text: device

text: on

text: the

text: interpretation

text: of

text: these

text: characters

text: was

text: the

text: Teletype

text: Model

text: ASR

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: printing

text: terminal

text: with

text: an

text: available

text: paper

text: tape

text: reader

text: punch

text: option

text: Paper

text: tape

text: was

text: a

text: very

text: popular

text: medium

text: for

text: long

text: term

text: program

text: storage

text: until

text: the

text: less

text: costly

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: ways

text: less

text: fragile

text: than

text: magnetic

text: tape

text: In

text: particular

text: the

text: Teletype

text: Model

text: machine

text: assignments

text: for

text: codes

text: Control

text: Q

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: XON

text: Control

text: S

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: XOFF

text: and

text: Delete

text: became

text: de

text: facto

text: standards

text: The

text: Model

text: was

text: also

text: notable

text: for

text: taking

text: the

text: description

text: of

text: Control

text: G

text: BEL

text: meaning

text: audibly

text: alert

text: the

text: operator

text: literally

text: as

text: the

text: unit

text: contained

text: an

text: actual

text: bell

text: which

text: it

text: rang

text: when

text: it

text: received

text: a

text: BEL

text: character

text: Because

text: the

text: keytop

text: for

text: the

text: O

text: key

text: also

text: showed

text: a

text: left

text: arrow

text: symbol

text: from

text: which

text: had

text: this

text: character

text: instead

text: of

text: underscore

text: a

text: noncompliant

text: use

text: of

text: code

text: Control

text: O

text: Shift

text: In

text: interpreted

text: as

text: delete

text: previous

text: character

text: was

text: also

text: adopted

text: by

text: many

text: early

text: timesharing

text: systems

text: but

text: eventually

text: became

text: neglected

question: What was the most influential device that interpretated the characters?

answer: Teletype Model 33 ASR

text: Teletype Model 33 ASR

question: What was the Teletype Model 33 ASR?

answer: a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option

text: a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option

question: When was paper tape popular?

answer: until the 1980s

text: until the 1980s

question: Why was paper tape better than magnetic tape?

answer: less costly and in some ways less fragile

text: less costly and in some ways less fragile

question: What code eventually became neglected?

answer: code 15 (Control-O, Shift In)

text: code 15 (Control-O, Shift In)

question: What was the most influential devide that became de facto standard?

text: Teletype Model 33 ASR

question: What competed with the Teletype Model 33 ASR?

question: When was paper trade classified as earned income?

text: until the 1980s

question: Why was paper tape better than timesharing systems?

question: What code eventually became popularized by ASCII-1963?

text: code 15 (Control-O, Shift In)


text: As soon as Schwarzenegger was elected governor, Willie Brown said he would start a drive to recall the governor. Schwarzenegger was equally entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up gridlock. Building on a catchphrase from the sketch "Hans and Franz" from Saturday Night Live (which partly parodied his bodybuilding career), Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians "girlie men".

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: As

text: soon

text: as

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: elected

text: governor

text: Willie

text: Brown

text: said

text: he

text: would

text: start

text: a

text: drive

text: to

text: recall

text: the

text: governor

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: equally

text: entrenched

text: in

text: what

text: he

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: his

text: mandate

text: in

text: cleaning

text: up

text: gridlock

text: Building

text: on

text: a

text: catchphrase

text: from

text: the

text: sketch

text: Hans

text: and

text: Franz

text: from

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: Live

text: which

text: partly

text: parodied

text: his

text: bodybuilding

text: career

text: Schwarzenegger

text: called

text: the

text: Democratic

text: State

text: politicians

text: girlie

text: men

question: What politician threatened to start working to recall Schwarzenegger right after he was elected?

answer: Willie Brown

text: Willie Brown

question: What Saturday Night Live sketch was Schwarzenegger referencing when he called opposing politicians "girlie men"?

answer: Hans and Franz

text: Hans and Franz


text: The City of Plymouth is divided into 20 wards, 17 of which elect three councillors and the other three electing two councillors, making up a total council of 57. Each year a third of the council is up for election for three consecutive years – there are no elections on the following "fourth" year, which is when County Council elections take place. The total electorate for Plymouth was 188,924 in April 2015. The local election of 7 May 2015 resulted in a political composition of 28 Labour councillors, 26 Conservative and 3 UKIP resulting in a Labour administration. Plymouth City Council is formally twinned with: Brest, France (1963), Gdynia, Poland (1976), Novorossiysk, Russia (1990) San Sebastián, Spain (1990) and Plymouth, United States (2001).

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: wards

text: of

text: which

text: elect

text: three

text: councillors

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: three

text: electing

text: two

text: councillors

text: making

text: up

text: a

text: total

text: council

text: of

text: Each

text: year

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: is

text: up

text: for

text: election

text: for

text: three

text: consecutive

text: years

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: elections

text: on

text: the

text: following

text: fourth

text: year

text: which

text: is

text: when

text: County

text: Council

text: elections

text: take

text: place

text: The

text: total

text: electorate

text: for

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: in

text: April

text: The

text: local

text: election

text: of

text: May

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: political

text: composition

text: of

text: Labour

text: councillors

text: Conservative

text: and

text: UKIP

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: Labour

text: administration

text: Plymouth

text: City

text: Council

text: is

text: formally

text: twinned

text: with

text: Brest

text: France

text: Gdynia

text: Poland

text: Novorossiysk

text: Russia

text: San

text: Sebastián

text: Spain

text: and

text: Plymouth

text: United

text: States

question: How many wards in Plymouth elect two councillors?

answer: three

text: three

question: How many members are on the Plymouth council?

answer: 57

question: What fraction of the Plymouth council is elected each year?

answer: a third

text: a third

question: With what French city is Plymouth twinned?

answer: Brest

text: Brest

question: In what year did Plymouth twin with Plymouth in the United States?

answer: 2001


text: The channel also broadcasts two movie blocks during the late evening hours each Sunday: "Silent Sunday Nights", which features silent films from the United States and abroad, usually in the latest restored version and often with new musical scores; and "TCM Imports" (which previously ran on Saturdays until the early 2000s[specify]), a weekly presentation of films originally released in foreign countries. TCM Underground – which debuted in October 2006 – is a Friday late night block which focuses on cult films, the block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006 (though as of 2014[update], it is the only regular film presentation block on the channel that does not have a host).

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: The

text: channel

text: also

text: broadcasts

text: two

text: movie

text: blocks

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: evening

text: hours

text: each

text: Sunday

text: Silent

text: Sunday

text: Nights

text: which

text: features

text: silent

text: films

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: abroad

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: latest

text: restored

text: version

text: and

text: often

text: with

text: new

text: musical

text: scores

text: and

text: TCM

text: Imports

text: which

text: previously

text: ran

text: on

text: Saturdays

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: a

text: weekly

text: presentation

text: of

text: films

text: originally

text: released

text: in

text: foreign

text: countries

text: TCM

text: Underground

text: which

text: debuted

text: in

text: October

text: is

text: a

text: Friday

text: late

text: night

text: block

text: which

text: focuses

text: on

text: cult

text: films

text: the

text: block

text: was

text: originally

text: hosted

text: by

text: rocker

text: filmmaker

text: Rob

text: Zombie

text: until

text: December

text: though

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: regular

text: film

text: presentation

text: block

text: on

text: the

text: channel

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: host

question: What movie block shows silent films?

answer: Silent Sunday Nights

text: Silent Sunday Nights

question: What movie block shows foreign films?

answer: TCM Imports

text: TCM Imports

question: When did TCM Underground first appear?

answer: October 2006

text: October 2006

question: On what day is TCM Underground shown?

answer: Friday

text: Friday

question: Who was the first host of TCM Underground?

answer: Rob Zombie

text: Rob Zombie

question: What movie block shows musicals?

text: Silent Sunday Nights

question: What movie block shows foreign hosts?

text: TCM Imports

question: When did TCM Imports first appear?

text: October 2006

question: On what day is TCM Imports shown?

text: Friday

question: Who was the first host of TCM Imports?

text: Rob Zombie


text: Geology existed as a cloud of isolated, disconnected ideas about rocks, minerals, and landforms long before it became a coherent science. Theophrastus' work on rocks, Peri lithōn, remained authoritative for millennia: its interpretation of fossils was not overturned until after the Scientific Revolution. Chinese polymath Shen Kua (1031–1095) first formulated hypotheses for the process of land formation. Based on his observation of fossils in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he deduced that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Geology

text: existed

text: as

text: a

text: cloud

text: of

text: isolated

text: disconnected

text: ideas

text: about

text: rocks

text: minerals

text: and

text: landforms

text: long

text: before

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: coherent

text: science

text: Theophrastus

text: work

text: on

text: rocks

text: Peri

text: lithōn

text: remained

text: authoritative

text: for

text: millennia

text: its

text: interpretation

text: of

text: fossils

text: was

text: not

text: overturned

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: Scientific

text: Revolution

text: Chinese

text: polymath

text: Shen

text: Kua

text: first

text: formulated

text: hypotheses

text: for

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: land

text: formation

text: Based

text: on

text: his

text: observation

text: of

text: fossils

text: in

text: a

text: geological

text: stratum

text: in

text: a

text: mountain

text: hundreds

text: of

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: ocean

text: he

text: deduced

text: that

text: the

text: land

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: erosion

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: and

text: by

text: deposition

text: of

text: silt

question: What was the work of Theophrastus on rocks called?

answer: Peri lithōn

text: Peri lithōn

question: When were Theophrastus' ideas about fossils proven false?

answer: the Scientific Revolution

text: the Scientific Revolution

question: When did Shen Kua live?

answer: 1031–1095

question: What science did Shen Kua observe?

answer: land formation

text: land formation


text: In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, James proposed that stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain. The Danish psychologist Carl Lange also proposed a similar theory at around the same time, and therefore this theory became known as the James–Lange theory. As James wrote, "the perception of bodily changes, as they occur, is the emotion." James further claims that "we feel sad because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble, and neither we cry, strike, nor tremble because we are sorry, angry, or fearful, as the case may be."

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: In

text: his

text: article

text: William

text: James

text: argued

text: that

text: feelings

text: and

text: emotions

text: were

text: secondary

text: to

text: physiological

text: phenomena

text: In

text: his

text: theory

text: James

text: proposed

text: that

text: the

text: perception

text: of

text: what

text: he

text: called

text: an

text: exciting

text: fact

text: directly

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: physiological

text: response

text: known

text: as

text: emotion

text: To

text: account

text: for

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: emotional

text: experiences

text: James

text: proposed

text: that

text: stimuli

text: trigger

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: autonomic

text: nervous

text: system

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: produces

text: an

text: emotional

text: experience

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: The

text: Danish

text: psychologist

text: Carl

text: Lange

text: also

text: proposed

text: a

text: similar

text: theory

text: at

text: around

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: and

text: therefore

text: this

text: theory

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: James

text: Lange

text: theory

text: As

text: James

text: wrote

text: the

text: perception

text: of

text: bodily

text: changes

text: as

text: they

text: occur

text: is

text: the

text: emotion

text: James

text: further

text: claims

text: that

text: we

text: feel

text: sad

text: because

text: we

text: cry

text: angry

text: because

text: we

text: strike

text: afraid

text: because

text: we

text: tremble

text: and

text: neither

text: we

text: cry

text: strike

text: nor

text: tremble

text: because

text: we

text: are

text: sorry

text: angry

text: or

text: fearful

text: as

text: the

text: case

text: may

text: be

question: Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions?

answer: William James

text: William James

question: What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?

answer: the autonomic nervous system

text: the autonomic nervous system

question: What did James believe emotion was synonymous with?

answer: the perception of bodily changes

text: the perception of bodily changes

question: Who developed a theory similar to that of James?

answer: Carl Lange

text: Carl Lange

question: What was the profession of Lange?

answer: psychologist

text: psychologist

question: Who wrote that exciting facts don't lead to emotions?

text: William James

question: What didn't James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?

text: autonomic nervous system

question: What did James believe emotion wasn't synonymous with?

text: the perception of bodily changes

question: Who didn't develop a theory similar to that of James?

text: Carl Lange


text: In the 21st century, these trends have continued, and several new approaches have come into prominence, including multielectrode recording, which allows the activity of many brain cells to be recorded all at the same time; genetic engineering, which allows molecular components of the brain to be altered experimentally; genomics, which allows variations in brain structure to be correlated with variations in DNA properties and neuroimaging.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: trends

text: have

text: continued

text: and

text: several

text: new

text: approaches

text: have

text: come

text: into

text: prominence

text: including

text: multielectrode

text: recording

text: which

text: allows

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: many

text: brain

text: cells

text: to

text: be

text: recorded

text: all

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: genetic

text: engineering

text: which

text: allows

text: molecular

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: to

text: be

text: altered

text: experimentally

text: genomics

text: which

text: allows

text: variations

text: in

text: brain

text: structure

text: to

text: be

text: correlated

text: with

text: variations

text: in

text: DNA

text: properties

text: and

text: neuroimaging

question: Multielectrode recording allows what?

answer: the activity of many brain cells to be recorded all at the same time;

text: the activity of many brain cells to be recorded all at the same time;

question: Genetic engineering allows what?

answer: molecular components of the brain to be altered experimentally;

text: molecular components of the brain to be altered experimentally;

question: What does genomics allow the study of?

answer: variations in brain structure to be correlated with variations in DNA properties and neuroimaging.

text: variations in brain structure to be correlated with variations in DNA properties and neuroimaging.

question: During what century was multielectrode recording invented?

answer: the 21st century,

text: the 21st century,

question: Genetic engineering was first discovered in what century?

answer: the 21st century,

text: the 21st century,


text: Hydrogen is highly soluble in many rare earth and transition metals and is soluble in both nanocrystalline and amorphous metals. Hydrogen solubility in metals is influenced by local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice. These properties may be useful when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks, but the gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: is

text: highly

text: soluble

text: in

text: many

text: rare

text: earth

text: and

text: transition

text: metals

text: and

text: is

text: soluble

text: in

text: both

text: nanocrystalline

text: and

text: amorphous

text: metals

text: Hydrogen

text: solubility

text: in

text: metals

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: local

text: distortions

text: or

text: impurities

text: in

text: the

text: crystal

text: lattice

text: These

text: properties

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: when

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: purified

text: by

text: passage

text: through

text: hot

text: palladium

text: disks

text: but

text: the

text: gas

text: 's

text: high

text: solubility

text: is

text: a

text: metallurgical

text: problem

text: contributing

text: to

text: the

text: embrittlement

text: of

text: many

text: metals

text: complicating

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: pipelines

text: and

text: storage

text: tanks

question: Where is hydrogen highly soluble?

answer: rare earth and transition metals

text: rare earth and transition metals

question: Where can you find soluble hydrogen?

answer: nanocrystalline and amorphous metals

text: nanocrystalline and amorphous metals

question: What influences hydrogens solubility in metals?

answer: local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice

text: local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice

question: When are these useful?

answer: when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks

text: when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks

question: When is it damaging?

answer: gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks

text: gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks


text: It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: possible

text: to

text: teach

text: a

text: migration

text: route

text: to

text: a

text: flock

text: of

text: birds

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: re

text: introduction

text: schemes

text: After

text: a

text: trial

text: with

text: Canada

text: geese

text: Branta

text: canadensis

text: microlight

text: aircraft

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: to

text: teach

text: safe

text: migration

text: routes

text: to

text: reintroduced

text: whooping

text: cranes

text: Grus

text: americana

question: What is a re-introduction scheme?

answer: to teach a migration route to a flock of birds

text: to teach a migration route to a flock of birds

question: What did they use to teach birds a migration route?

answer: microlight aircraft

text: microlight aircraft

question: Which birds did they reintroduce to the US?

answer: whooping cranes

text: whooping cranes

question: Which birds did they use as a trial run?

answer: Canada geese

text: Canada geese


text: Medicine: Findings from Neolithic graveyards in what is now Pakistan show evidence of proto-dentistry among an early farming culture. Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, and is now practiced as a form of alternative medicine in other parts of the world. Its most famous text is the Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta, which is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgical procedures.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Medicine

text: Findings

text: from

text: Neolithic

text: graveyards

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Pakistan

text: show

text: evidence

text: of

text: proto

text: dentistry

text: among

text: an

text: early

text: farming

text: culture

text: Ayurveda

text: is

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: traditional

text: medicine

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: ancient

text: India

text: before

text: BC

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: practiced

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: alternative

text: medicine

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Its

text: most

text: famous

text: text

text: is

text: the

text: Suśrutasamhitā

text: of

text: Suśruta

text: which

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: describing

text: procedures

text: on

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: surgery

text: including

text: rhinoplasty

text: the

text: repair

text: of

text: torn

text: ear

text: lobes

text: perineal

text: lithotomy

text: cataract

text: surgery

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: excisions

text: and

text: other

text: surgical

text: procedures

question: Where are the Neolithic graveyards?

answer: Pakistan

text: Pakistan

question: What do the findings in the graveyards show evidence of?

answer: proto-dentistry

text: proto-dentistry

question: What kind of medicine was practiced in India before 2500 BC?

answer: Ayurveda

text: Ayurveda

question: What is the name of the text that has information regarding Ayurveda?

answer: Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta

text: Suśrutasamhitā of Suśruta

question: What information is in the Susrutasamhita of Susruta?

answer: surgical procedures

text: surgical procedures


text: During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: During

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Golden

text: Age

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: onward

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: dominated

text: world

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: conquering

text: a

text: vast

text: colonial

text: empire

text: and

text: operating

text: the

text: largest

text: fleet

text: of

text: merchantmen

text: of

text: any

text: nation

text: The

text: County

text: of

text: Holland

text: was

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: and

text: most

text: urbanized

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time?

answer: the Dutch Golden Age

text: the Dutch Golden Age

question: What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world during the 17th century?

answer: The County of Holland

text: The County of Holland

question: When did the country of Holland dominate world trade?

text: in the 17th century

question: What was the status of the Dutch Golden Age compared to the world?

question: During the 17th century what did Holland conquer?

text: a vast colonial empire

question: What kind of fleet did Holland have in the 17th century?

question: What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized?

text: County of Holland


text: According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise. The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Somali

text: Economic

text: Forum

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: internet

text: users

text: in

text: Somalia

text: rose

text: from

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: to

text: users

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: percentage

text: continuing

text: to

text: rise

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: mobile

text: subscribers

text: is

text: similarly

text: expected

text: to

text: rise

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: around

text: million

text: by

question: What was the numbe rof Somali internet users in the year 2000?

answer: 200

question: What was the number of internet users in the year 2011?

answer: 106,000

question: Goes the number of internet users in Somalia continue to rise or fall?

answer: rise

text: rise

question: What was the number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2008?

answer: 512,682

question: What is the estimated number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2015?

answer: 6.1 million

text: 6.1 million

question: In what year did Somalia first reach 50,000 internet users?

question: Who is responsible for the rise in internet users?

text: Somali Economic Forum

question: When did Somalia first get the internet?

question: Why is the number of mobile subscribers rising faster than the number of internet connected users?

text: the percentage continuing to rise.

question: How many mobile users were there in 2011?


text: Saint Valentine, a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest who was martyred in about 296 AD, seems to have had no known connection with romantic love, but the day of his martyrdom on the Roman Catholic calendar, Saint Valentine's Day (February 14), became, in the 14th century, an occasion for lovers to send messages to each other. In recent years the celebration of Saint Valentine' s day has spread beyond Christian countries to Japan and China and other parts of the world. The celebration of Saint Valentine's Day is forbidden or strongly condemned in many Islamic countries, including Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran. In Saudi Arabia, in 2002 and 2011, religious police banned the sale of all Valentine's Day items, telling shop workers to remove any red items, as the day is considered a Christian holiday.

title: Red

title: Red

text: Saint

text: Valentine

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Bishop

text: or

text: priest

text: who

text: was

text: martyred

text: in

text: about

text: AD

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: no

text: known

text: connection

text: with

text: romantic

text: love

text: but

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: his

text: martyrdom

text: on

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: calendar

text: Saint

text: Valentine

text: 's

text: Day

text: February

text: became

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: an

text: occasion

text: for

text: lovers

text: to

text: send

text: messages

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: celebration

text: of

text: Saint

text: Valentine

text: s

text: day

text: has

text: spread

text: beyond

text: Christian

text: countries

text: to

text: Japan

text: and

text: China

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: celebration

text: of

text: Saint

text: Valentine

text: 's

text: Day

text: is

text: forbidden

text: or

text: strongly

text: condemned

text: in

text: many

text: Islamic

text: countries

text: including

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Iran

text: In

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: in

text: and

text: religious

text: police

text: banned

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: all

text: Valentine

text: 's

text: Day

text: items

text: telling

text: shop

text: workers

text: to

text: remove

text: any

text: red

text: items

text: as

text: the

text: day

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: Christian

text: holiday

question: When was Saint Valentine martyred?

answer: 296 AD

text: 296 AD

question: Who was Saint Valentine?

answer: a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest

text: a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest

question: In which century did Saint Valentine's day become connected with lovers?

answer: 14th

question: In what kind of countries is the celebration of Valentine's day forbidden?

answer: Islamic

text: Islamic

question: Which nation forbade the sale of Valentine's Day products in 2002 and 2011?

answer: Saudi Arabia

text: Saudi Arabia

question: Who was martyred in about 269 AD?

text: Saint Valentine

question: Where was Saint Valentine's Day condemned in 2002?

text: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran

question: What type of holiday does China consider Saint Valentine's Day to be?

text: a Christian holiday

question: When did Japan begin to celebrate Saint Valentine's Day?

text: in the 14th century


text: Manufacturers of devices may have their own proprietary numbering system, for example CK722. Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like "MPF" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device. Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts of other naming schemes, for example a PN2222A is a (possibly Fairchild Semiconductor) 2N2222A in a plastic case (but a PN108 is a plastic version of a BC108, not a 2N108, while the PN100 is unrelated to other xx100 devices).

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: Manufacturers

text: of

text: devices

text: may

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: proprietary

text: numbering

text: system

text: for

text: example

text: Since

text: devices

text: are

text: second

text: sourced

text: a

text: manufacturer

text: 's

text: prefix

text: like

text: MPF

text: in

text: which

text: originally

text: would

text: denote

text: a

text: Motorola

text: FET

text: now

text: is

text: an

text: unreliable

text: indicator

text: of

text: who

text: made

text: the

text: device

text: Some

text: proprietary

text: naming

text: schemes

text: adopt

text: parts

text: of

text: other

text: naming

text: schemes

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: is

text: a

text: possibly

text: Fairchild

text: Semiconductor

text: in

text: a

text: plastic

text: case

text: but

text: a

text: is

text: a

text: plastic

text: version

text: of

text: a

text: not

text: a

text: while

text: the

text: is

text: unrelated

text: to

text: other

text: devices

question: What was once an indicator of the devices creator?

answer: a manufacturer's prefix

text: a manufacturer's prefix

question: What makes a manufacturer's prefix less reliable?

answer: devices are second-sourced

text: devices are second-sourced

question: What is the marking for a 2N2222A in a plastic case?

answer: PN2222A

question: What is a plastic version of a BC108?

answer: PN108

question: What manufacturer creates the most devices?

text: Motorola

question: What is the marking for a 2N108 in a plastic case?

question: What kind of case is most common?

text: plastic

question: How many naming schemes use an accurate manufacturer's prefix?

text: Some

question: Who decided what letters were in the manufacturer's prefixes?

text: Manufacturers of devices


text: The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open space for individual and population growth, food, water, light or other nutritional requirements, breeding sites, seed germination and dispersal needs, and lack of disturbances are considered.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: The

text: provision

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: in

text: Section

text: that

text: establishes

text: critical

text: habitat

text: is

text: a

text: regulatory

text: link

text: between

text: habitat

text: protection

text: and

text: recovery

text: goals

text: requiring

text: the

text: identification

text: and

text: protection

text: of

text: all

text: lands

text: water

text: and

text: air

text: necessary

text: to

text: recover

text: endangered

text: species

text: To

text: determine

text: what

text: exactly

text: is

text: critical

text: habitat

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: open

text: space

text: for

text: individual

text: and

text: population

text: growth

text: food

text: water

text: light

text: or

text: other

text: nutritional

text: requirements

text: breeding

text: sites

text: seed

text: germination

text: and

text: dispersal

text: needs

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: disturbances

text: are

text: considered

question: What section of the Endangered Species Act establishes critical habitat regulations?

answer: Section 4

text: Section 4

question: Critical habitat regulation links what two topics?

answer: habitat protection and recovery goals

text: habitat protection and recovery goals

question: What does critical habitat regulation require?

answer: the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species

text: the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species

question: What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife?

answer: seed germination and dispersal needs

text: seed germination and dispersal needs

question: What section establishes recovery goals?

text: Section 4

question: What type of link is formed between identification and protection?

text: regulatory

question: What are cataloguing disturbances are not necessary for determining?

text: critical habitat

question: What are water and air unnecessary for?

text: to recover endangered species

question: What does Section 4 separate?

text: habitat protection and recovery goals


text: The Catholic Church prevailed across Europe at this time, influencing not only faith but also wealth and power. Bishops were appointed by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners) and they often ruled as virtual princes over large estates. The early Medieval periods had seen a rapid growth in monasticism, with several different orders being prevalent and spreading their influence widely. Foremost were the Benedictines whose great abbey churches vastly outnumbered any others in France and England. A part of their influence was that towns developed around them and they became centers of culture, learning and commerce. The Cluniac and Cistercian Orders were prevalent in France, the great monastery at Cluny having established a formula for a well planned monastic site which was then to influence all subsequent monastic building for many centuries.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: prevailed

text: across

text: Europe

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: influencing

text: not

text: only

text: faith

text: but

text: also

text: wealth

text: and

text: power

text: Bishops

text: were

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: feudal

text: lords

text: kings

text: dukes

text: and

text: other

text: landowners

text: and

text: they

text: often

text: ruled

text: as

text: virtual

text: princes

text: over

text: large

text: estates

text: The

text: early

text: Medieval

text: periods

text: had

text: seen

text: a

text: rapid

text: growth

text: in

text: monasticism

text: with

text: several

text: different

text: orders

text: being

text: prevalent

text: and

text: spreading

text: their

text: influence

text: widely

text: Foremost

text: were

text: the

text: Benedictines

text: whose

text: great

text: abbey

text: churches

text: vastly

text: outnumbered

text: any

text: others

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: England

text: A

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: influence

text: was

text: that

text: towns

text: developed

text: around

text: them

text: and

text: they

text: became

text: centers

text: of

text: culture

text: learning

text: and

text: commerce

text: The

text: Cluniac

text: and

text: Cistercian

text: Orders

text: were

text: prevalent

text: in

text: France

text: the

text: great

text: monastery

text: at

text: Cluny

text: having

text: established

text: a

text: formula

text: for

text: a

text: well

text: planned

text: monastic

text: site

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: to

text: influence

text: all

text: subsequent

text: monastic

text: building

text: for

text: many

text: centuries

question: What church was widespread across Europe at this time?

answer: The Catholic Church

text: The Catholic Church

question: Who were bishops appointed by?

answer: by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners)

text: by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners)

question: Which periods saw a quick growth in Monasticism?

answer: The early Medieval periods

text: The early Medieval periods

question: What types of church were the Benedictines known for?

answer: great abbey churches

text: great abbey churches

question: What is one type of Benedictine order that was common in France?

answer: Cistercian Orders

text: Cistercian Orders

question: What church was widespread across Asia at this time?

text: The Catholic Church

question: Who were bishops killed by?

question: Which periods saw a very slow growth in Monasticism?

text: The early Medieval periods

question: What types of church were the Benedictines unknown for?

text: great abbey churches

question: What is one type of Benedictine order that was rare in France?

text: Cistercian Orders


text: Notable exceptions include the massacre of Jews and forcible conversion of some Jews by the rulers of the Almohad dynasty in Al-Andalus in the 12th century, as well as in Islamic Persia, and the forced confinement of Moroccan Jews to walled quarters known as mellahs beginning from the 15th century and especially in the early 19th century. In modern times, it has become commonplace for standard antisemitic themes to be conflated with anti-Zionist publications and pronouncements of Islamic movements such as Hezbollah and Hamas, in the pronouncements of various agencies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and even in the newspapers and other publications of Turkish Refah Partisi."

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Notable

text: exceptions

text: include

text: the

text: massacre

text: of

text: Jews

text: and

text: forcible

text: conversion

text: of

text: some

text: Jews

text: by

text: the

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: Almohad

text: dynasty

text: in

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: Islamic

text: Persia

text: and

text: the

text: forced

text: confinement

text: of

text: Moroccan

text: Jews

text: to

text: walled

text: quarters

text: known

text: as

text: mellahs

text: beginning

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: it

text: has

text: become

text: commonplace

text: for

text: standard

text: antisemitic

text: themes

text: to

text: be

text: conflated

text: with

text: anti

text: Zionist

text: publications

text: and

text: pronouncements

text: of

text: Islamic

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: Hezbollah

text: and

text: Hamas

text: in

text: the

text: pronouncements

text: of

text: various

text: agencies

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: newspapers

text: and

text: other

text: publications

text: of

text: Turkish

text: Refah

text: Partisi

question: What were walled quarters known as?

answer: mellahs

text: mellahs

question: Who was forced into confinement in mellahs?

answer: Moroccan Jews

text: Moroccan Jews

question: When did the confinement of Moroccan Jews in mellahs begin?

answer: 15th century

text: 15th century

question: What dynasty did not massacre Jews?

text: Almohad

question: Where were Jews in Islamic Persia confined to?

text: mellahs

question: Where were Jews confined after the 19th century?

text: mellahs

question: What was conflated with anti-Zionist publications in historical times?

text: antisemitic themes

question: What Jewish movements have made antisemitic pronouncements?

text: Hezbollah


text: In the late 1970s many arterial roads were redesigned as ejes viales; high-volume one-way roads that cross, in theory, Mexico City proper from side to side. The eje vial network is based on a quasi-Cartesian grid, with the ejes themselves being called Eje 1 Poniente, Eje Central, and Eje 1 Oriente, for example, for the north-south roads, and Eje 2 Sur and Eje 3 Norte, for example, for east-west roads. Ring roads are the Circuito Interior (inner ring), Anillo Periférico; the Circuito Exterior Mexiquense ("State of Mexico outer loop") toll road skirting the northeastern and eastern edges of the metropolitan area, the Chamapa-La Venta toll road skirting the northwestern edge, and the Arco Norte completely bypassing the metropolitan area in an arc from northwest (Atlacomulco) to north (Tula, Hidalgo) to east (Puebla). A second level (where tolls are charged) of the Periférico, colloquially called the segundo piso ("second floor"), was officially opened in 2012, with sections still being completed. The Viaducto Miguel Alemán crosses the city east-west from Observatorio to the airport. In 2013 the Supervía Poniente opened, a toll road linking the new Santa Fe business district with southwestern Mexico City.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: many

text: arterial

text: roads

text: were

text: redesigned

text: as

text: ejes

text: viales

text: high

text: volume

text: one

text: way

text: roads

text: that

text: cross

text: in

text: theory

text: Mexico

text: City

text: proper

text: from

text: side

text: to

text: side

text: The

text: eje

text: vial

text: network

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: quasi

text: Cartesian

text: grid

text: with

text: the

text: ejes

text: themselves

text: being

text: called

text: Eje

text: Poniente

text: Eje

text: Central

text: and

text: Eje

text: Oriente

text: for

text: example

text: for

text: the

text: north

text: south

text: roads

text: and

text: Eje

text: Sur

text: and

text: Eje

text: Norte

text: for

text: example

text: for

text: east

text: west

text: roads

text: Ring

text: roads

text: are

text: the

text: Circuito

text: Interior

text: inner

text: ring

text: Anillo

text: Periférico

text: the

text: Circuito

text: Exterior

text: Mexiquense

text: State

text: of

text: Mexico

text: outer

text: loop

text: toll

text: road

text: skirting

text: the

text: northeastern

text: and

text: eastern

text: edges

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: the

text: Chamapa

text: La

text: Venta

text: toll

text: road

text: skirting

text: the

text: northwestern

text: edge

text: and

text: the

text: Arco

text: Norte

text: completely

text: bypassing

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: an

text: arc

text: from

text: northwest

text: Atlacomulco

text: to

text: north

text: Tula

text: Hidalgo

text: to

text: east

text: Puebla

text: A

text: second

text: level

text: where

text: tolls

text: are

text: charged

text: of

text: the

text: Periférico

text: colloquially

text: called

text: the

text: segundo

text: piso

text: second

text: floor

text: was

text: officially

text: opened

text: in

text: with

text: sections

text: still

text: being

text: completed

text: The

text: Viaducto

text: Miguel

text: Alemán

text: crosses

text: the

text: city

text: east

text: west

text: from

text: Observatorio

text: to

text: the

text: airport

text: In

text: the

text: Supervía

text: Poniente

text: opened

text: a

text: toll

text: road

text: linking

text: the

text: new

text: Santa

text: Fe

text: business

text: district

text: with

text: southwestern

text: Mexico

text: City

question: What are the one-way roads in Mexico city called?

answer: ejes viales

text: ejes viales

question: What is different about the second level roads?

answer: tolls are charged

text: tolls are charged

question: When were these second level roads opened?

answer: 2012

question: What main road leads to the airport?

answer: The Viaducto Miguel Alemán

text: The Viaducto Miguel Alemán

question: What connects Santa Fe and the southwestern part of the city?

answer: the Supervía Poniente

text: the Supervía Poniente


text: On August 23, 1991,[a] Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a redesigned version of the Super Famicom, in North America for US$199. The SNES was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in April 1992 for GB£150, with a German release following a few weeks later. Most of the PAL region versions of the console use the Japanese Super Famicom design, except for labeling and the length of the joypad leads. The Playtronic Super NES in Brazil, although PAL, uses the North American design. Both the NES and SNES were released in Brazil in 1993 by Playtronic, a joint venture between the toy company Estrela and consumer electronics company Gradiente.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: On

text: August

text: Nintendo

text: released

text: the

text: Super

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: a

text: redesigned

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Super

text: Famicom

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: for

text: US$

text: The

text: SNES

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Ireland

text: in

text: April

text: for

text: with

text: a

text: German

text: release

text: following

text: a

text: few

text: weeks

text: later

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: PAL

text: region

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: use

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Super

text: Famicom

text: design

text: except

text: for

text: labeling

text: and

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: joypad

text: leads

text: The

text: Playtronic

text: Super

text: NES

text: in

text: Brazil

text: although

text: PAL

text: uses

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: design

text: Both

text: the

text: NES

text: and

text: SNES

text: were

text: released

text: in

text: Brazil

text: in

text: by

text: Playtronic

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: between

text: the

text: toy

text: company

text: Estrela

text: and

text: consumer

text: electronics

text: company

text: Gradiente

question: How much did the SNES cost in the US?

answer: US$199

question: How much did the SNES cost in the UK?

answer: GB£150

question: When was the SNES released in the UK?

answer: April 1992

text: April 1992

question: When was the SNES released in Brazil?

answer: 1993

question: Which company distributed the SNES in Brazil?

answer: Playtronic

text: Playtronic

question: What was a redesign of the Super NES?

text: the Super Famicom

question: How much did the Super Famicom cost in Germany?

question: How much did the Playtronic cost in the UK and Ireland?

question: What kind of design did the Playtronic Super NES use in Ireland?

text: the North American design

question: What venture released the Super Famicom in Brazil in 1991?