text: Original master discs are created by lathe-cutting: a lathe is used to cut a modulated groove into a blank record. The blank records for cutting used to be cooked up, as needed, by the cutting engineer, using what Robert K. Morrison describes as a "metallic soap," containing lead litharge, ozokerite, barium sulfate, montan wax, stearin and paraffin, among other ingredients. Cut "wax" sound discs would be placed in a vacuum chamber and gold-sputtered to make them electrically conductive for use as mandrels in an electroforming bath, where pressing stamper parts were made. Later, the French company Pyral invented a ready-made blank disc having a thin nitro-cellulose lacquer coating (approximately 7 mils thickness on both sides) that was applied to an aluminum substrate. Lacquer cuts result in an immediately playable, or processable, master record. If vinyl pressings are wanted, the still-unplayed sound disc is used as a mandrel for electroforming nickel records that are used for manufacturing pressing stampers. The electroformed nickel records are mechanically separated from their respective mandrels. This is done with relative ease because no actual "plating" of the mandrel occurs in the type of electrodeposition known as electroforming, unlike with electroplating, in which the adhesion of the new phase of metal is chemical and relatively permanent. The one-molecule-thick coating of silver (that was sprayed onto the processed lacquer sound disc in order to make its surface electrically conductive) reverse-plates onto the nickel record's face. This negative impression disc (having ridges in place of grooves) is known as a nickel master, "matrix" or "father." The "father" is then used as a mandrel to electroform a positive disc known as a "mother". Many mothers can be grown on a single "father" before ridges deteriorate beyond effective use. The "mothers" are then used as mandrels for electroforming more negative discs known as "sons". Each "mother" can be used to make many "sons" before deteriorating. The "sons" are then converted into "stampers" by center-punching a spindle hole (which was lost from the lacquer sound disc during initial electroforming of the "father"), and by custom-forming the target pressing profile. This allows them to be placed in the dies of the target (make and model) record press and, by center-roughing, to facilitate the adhesion of the label, which gets stuck onto the vinyl pressing without any glue. In this way, several million vinyl discs can be produced from a single lacquer sound disc. When only a few hundred discs are required, instead of electroforming a "son" (for each side), the "father" is removed of its silver and converted into a stamper. Production by this latter method, known as the "two-step-process" (as it does not entail creation of "sons" but does involve creation of "mothers," which are used for test playing and kept as "safeties" for electroforming future "sons") is limited to a few hundred vinyl pressings. The pressing count can increase if the stamper holds out and the quality of the vinyl is high. The "sons" made during a "three-step" electroforming make better stampers since they don't require silver removal (which reduces some high fidelity because of etching erasing part of the smallest groove modulations) and also because they have a stronger metal structure than "fathers".

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Original

text: master

text: discs

text: are

text: created

text: by

text: lathe

text: cutting

text: a

text: lathe

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: cut

text: a

text: modulated

text: groove

text: into

text: a

text: blank

text: record

text: The

text: blank

text: records

text: for

text: cutting

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: cooked

text: up

text: as

text: needed

text: by

text: the

text: cutting

text: engineer

text: using

text: what

text: Robert

text: K.

text: Morrison

text: describes

text: as

text: a

text: metallic

text: soap

text: containing

text: lead

text: litharge

text: ozokerite

text: barium

text: sulfate

text: montan

text: wax

text: stearin

text: and

text: paraffin

text: among

text: other

text: ingredients

text: Cut

text: wax

text: sound

text: discs

text: would

text: be

text: placed

text: in

text: a

text: vacuum

text: chamber

text: and

text: gold

text: sputtered

text: to

text: make

text: them

text: electrically

text: conductive

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: mandrels

text: in

text: an

text: electroforming

text: bath

text: where

text: pressing

text: stamper

text: parts

text: were

text: made

text: Later

text: the

text: French

text: company

text: Pyral

text: invented

text: a

text: ready

text: made

text: blank

text: disc

text: having

text: a

text: thin

text: nitro

text: cellulose

text: lacquer

text: coating

text: approximately

text: mils

text: thickness

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: that

text: was

text: applied

text: to

text: an

text: aluminum

text: substrate

text: Lacquer

text: cuts

text: result

text: in

text: an

text: immediately

text: playable

text: or

text: processable

text: master

text: record

text: If

text: vinyl

text: pressings

text: are

text: wanted

text: the

text: still

text: unplayed

text: sound

text: disc

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: mandrel

text: for

text: electroforming

text: nickel

text: records

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: manufacturing

text: pressing

text: stampers

text: The

text: electroformed

text: nickel

text: records

text: are

text: mechanically

text: separated

text: from

text: their

text: respective

text: mandrels

text: This

text: is

text: done

text: with

text: relative

text: ease

text: because

text: no

text: actual

text: plating

text: of

text: the

text: mandrel

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: electrodeposition

text: known

text: as

text: electroforming

text: unlike

text: with

text: electroplating

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: adhesion

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: phase

text: of

text: metal

text: is

text: chemical

text: and

text: relatively

text: permanent

text: The

text: one

text: molecule

text: thick

text: coating

text: of

text: silver

text: that

text: was

text: sprayed

text: onto

text: the

text: processed

text: lacquer

text: sound

text: disc

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: make

text: its

text: surface

text: electrically

text: conductive

text: reverse

text: plates

text: onto

text: the

text: nickel

text: record

text: 's

text: face

text: This

text: negative

text: impression

text: disc

text: having

text: ridges

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: grooves

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: nickel

text: master

text: matrix

text: or

text: father

text: The

text: father

text: is

text: then

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: mandrel

text: to

text: electroform

text: a

text: positive

text: disc

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: mother

text: Many

text: mothers

text: can

text: be

text: grown

text: on

text: a

text: single

text: father

text: before

text: ridges

text: deteriorate

text: beyond

text: effective

text: use

text: The

text: mothers

text: are

text: then

text: used

text: as

text: mandrels

text: for

text: electroforming

text: more

text: negative

text: discs

text: known

text: as

text: sons

text: Each

text: mother

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: many

text: sons

text: before

text: deteriorating

text: The

text: sons

text: are

text: then

text: converted

text: into

text: stampers

text: by

text: center

text: punching

text: a

text: spindle

text: hole

text: which

text: was

text: lost

text: from

text: the

text: lacquer

text: sound

text: disc

text: during

text: initial

text: electroforming

text: of

text: the

text: father

text: and

text: by

text: custom

text: forming

text: the

text: target

text: pressing

text: profile

text: This

text: allows

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: dies

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: make

text: and

text: model

text: record

text: press

text: and

text: by

text: center

text: roughing

text: to

text: facilitate

text: the

text: adhesion

text: of

text: the

text: label

text: which

text: gets

text: stuck

text: onto

text: the

text: vinyl

text: pressing

text: without

text: any

text: glue

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: several

text: million

text: vinyl

text: discs

text: can

text: be

text: produced

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: lacquer

text: sound

text: disc

text: When

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: discs

text: are

text: required

text: instead

text: of

text: electroforming

text: a

text: son

text: for

text: each

text: side

text: the

text: father

text: is

text: removed

text: of

text: its

text: silver

text: and

text: converted

text: into

text: a

text: stamper

text: Production

text: by

text: this

text: latter

text: method

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: two

text: step

text: process

text: as

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: entail

text: creation

text: of

text: sons

text: but

text: does

text: involve

text: creation

text: of

text: mothers

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: test

text: playing

text: and

text: kept

text: as

text: safeties

text: for

text: electroforming

text: future

text: sons

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: vinyl

text: pressings

text: The

text: pressing

text: count

text: can

text: increase

text: if

text: the

text: stamper

text: holds

text: out

text: and

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: the

text: vinyl

text: is

text: high

text: The

text: sons

text: made

text: during

text: a

text: three

text: step

text: electroforming

text: make

text: better

text: stampers

text: since

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: require

text: silver

text: removal

text: which

text: reduces

text: some

text: high

text: fidelity

text: because

text: of

text: etching

text: erasing

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: smallest

text: groove

text: modulations

text: and

text: also

text: because

text: they

text: have

text: a

text: stronger

text: metal

text: structure

text: than

text: fathers

question: What is the two step process?

answer: "father" is removed of its silver and converted into a stamper

text: "father" is removed of its silver and converted into a stamper

question: What is the limitation of the two step process?

answer: limited to a few hundred vinyl pressings

text: limited to a few hundred vinyl pressings

question: Which is preferred the two step or three step process?

answer: three-step

text: three-step

question: Which have stronger structures the father or son mold?

answer: sons

text: sons

question: What can increase the output of a stamper mold?

answer: quality of the vinyl is high

text: quality of the vinyl is high


text: In The New Yorker music critic Jody Rosen described Beyoncé as "the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century..... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop." When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, "Why Beyoncé? [...] Because she made not one but two of the decade's greatest singles, with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It), not to mention her hits with Destiny's Child; and this was the decade when singles – particularly R&B singles – regained their status as pop's favourite medium. [...] [She] and not any superannuated rock star was arguably the greatest live performer of the past 10 years." In 2013, Beyoncé made the Time 100 list, Baz Luhrmann writing "no one has that voice, no one moves the way she moves, no one can hold an audience the way she does... When Beyoncé does an album, when Beyoncé sings a song, when Beyoncé does anything, it's an event, and it's broadly influential. Right now, she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA — the reigning national voice." In 2014, Beyoncé was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of the issue.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: In

text: The

text: New

text: Yorker

text: music

text: critic

text: Jody

text: Rosen

text: described

text: Beyoncé

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: compelling

text: popular

text: musician

text: of

text: the

text: twenty

text: first

text: century

text: the

text: result

text: the

text: logical

text: end

text: point

text: of

text: a

text: century

text: plus

text: of

text: pop

text: When

text: The

text: Guardian

text: named

text: her

text: Artist

text: of

text: the

text: Decade

text: Llewyn

text: Smith

text: wrote

text: Why

text: Beyoncé

text: Because

text: she

text: made

text: not

text: one

text: but

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: 's

text: greatest

text: singles

text: with

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: and

text: Single

text: Ladies

text: Put

text: a

text: Ring

text: on

text: It

text: not

text: to

text: mention

text: her

text: hits

text: with

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: and

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: decade

text: when

text: singles

text: particularly

text: R&B

text: singles

text: regained

text: their

text: status

text: as

text: pop

text: 's

text: favourite

text: medium

text: She

text: and

text: not

text: any

text: superannuated

text: rock

text: star

text: was

text: arguably

text: the

text: greatest

text: live

text: performer

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: In

text: Beyoncé

text: made

text: the

text: Time

text: list

text: Baz

text: Luhrmann

text: writing

text: no

text: one

text: has

text: that

text: voice

text: no

text: one

text: moves

text: the

text: way

text: she

text: moves

text: no

text: one

text: can

text: hold

text: an

text: audience

text: the

text: way

text: she

text: does

text: When

text: Beyoncé

text: does

text: an

text: album

text: when

text: Beyoncé

text: sings

text: a

text: song

text: when

text: Beyoncé

text: does

text: anything

text: it

text: 's

text: an

text: event

text: and

text: it

text: 's

text: broadly

text: influential

text: Right

text: now

text: she

text: is

text: the

text: heir

text: apparent

text: diva

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: the

text: reigning

text: national

text: voice

text: In

text: Beyoncé

text: was

text: listed

text: again

text: on

text: the

text: Time

text: and

text: also

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: cover

text: of

text: the

text: issue

question: Artist of the Decade was bestowed upon Beyonce from which magazine?

answer: The Guardian

text: The Guardian

question: Whats the first year that Beyonce appear on the Time 100 list?

answer: 2013

question: Beyonce than appeared again on the Time 100 list in what year?

answer: 2014

question: What did the Guardian name her?

answer: Artist of the Decade

text: Artist of the Decade

question: When did Beyonce first make the Time 100 List?

answer: 2013

question: When was she again on the Time 100 List and on the cover?

answer: 2014

question: Who said that she is the reigning national voice?

answer: Baz Luhrmann

text: Baz Luhrmann

question: Who stated that Beyoncé is the most important musician of the 21st century?

answer: Jody Rosen

text: Jody Rosen

question: Which publication named Beyoncé the Artist of the Decade?

answer: The Guardian

text: The Guardian

question: What list did Beyoncé make in 2013?

answer: Time 100 list

text: Time 100 list

question: Who said Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the United States?

answer: Baz Luhrmann

text: Baz Luhrmann

question: What year was Beyoncé featured both on the Time 100 list as well as the cover of the issue?

answer: 2014


text: Shift-work or chronic jet-lag have profound consequences on circadian and metabolic events in the body. Animals that are forced to eat during their resting period show increased body mass and altered expression of clock and metabolic genes.[medical citation needed] In humans, shift-work that favors irregular eating times is associated with altered insulin sensitivity and higher body mass. Shift-work also leads to increased metabolic risks for cardio-metabolic syndrome, hypertension, inflammation.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: Shift

text: work

text: or

text: chronic

text: jet

text: lag

text: have

text: profound

text: consequences

text: on

text: circadian

text: and

text: metabolic

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: Animals

text: that

text: are

text: forced

text: to

text: eat

text: during

text: their

text: resting

text: period

text: show

text: increased

text: body

text: mass

text: and

text: altered

text: expression

text: of

text: clock

text: and

text: metabolic

text: genes.[medical

text: citation

text: needed

text: In

text: humans

text: shift

text: work

text: that

text: favors

text: irregular

text: eating

text: times

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: altered

text: insulin

text: sensitivity

text: and

text: higher

text: body

text: mass

text: Shift

text: work

text: also

text: leads

text: to

text: increased

text: metabolic

text: risks

text: for

text: cardio

text: metabolic

text: syndrome

text: hypertension

text: inflammation

question: What effect does jet-lag and shift-work have on the human body?

answer: profound consequences

text: profound consequences

question: Animals that eat during resting periods show what body increase?

answer: body mass

text: body mass

question: How does irregular eating during shift-work effect insulin?

answer: insulin sensitivity

text: insulin sensitivity

question: Besides insulin sensitivity, what other effect does shift-work have on the body?

answer: higher body mass

text: higher body mass

question: What type of work can lead to heart, hypertension and inflammation?

answer: Shift-work

text: Shift-work

question: What does shift work have little effect on?

question: What causes animals to have decreased body mass?

question: What decreases insulin sensativity?

question: What kind of work leads to lower body mass?

text: Shift-work


text: On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Greek

text: military

text: junta

text: under

text: Dimitrios

text: Ioannides

text: carried

text: out

text: a

text: coup

text: d'état

text: in

text: Cyprus

text: to

text: unite

text: the

text: island

text: with

text: Greece

text: The

text: coup

text: ousted

text: president

text: Makarios

text: III

text: and

text: replaced

text: him

text: with

text: pro

text: enosis

text: nationalist

text: Nikos

text: Sampson

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: coup

text: five

text: days

text: later

text: on

text: July

text: the

text: Turkish

text: army

text: invaded

text: the

text: island

text: citing

text: a

text: right

text: to

text: intervene

text: to

text: restore

text: the

text: constitutional

text: order

text: from

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Guarantee

text: This

text: justification

text: has

text: been

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: the

text: international

text: community

question: What date was a coup d'etat carried out in Cyprus?

answer: 15 July 1974

text: 15 July 1974

question: Who lead the coup d'etat attempt?

answer: Dimitrios Ioannides

text: Dimitrios Ioannides

question: Who replaced president Makarios Ill?

answer: Nikos Sampson

text: Nikos Sampson

question: What did the Turkish army to do respond to the coup d'etat?

answer: invaded the island

text: invaded the island

question: Which organization rejected the justification used by Turkey to invade?

answer: United Nations

text: United Nations


text: According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total number of goods transported through Greece in 2010 amounted to 124.38 million tons, a considerable drop from the 164.3 million tons transported through the country in 2007. Since then, Piraeus has grown to become the Mediterranean's third-largest port thanks to heavy investment by Chinese logistics giant COSCO. In 2013, Piraeus was declared the fastest-growing port in the world.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: According

text: to

text: Eurostat

text: Greece

text: 's

text: largest

text: port

text: by

text: tons

text: of

text: goods

text: transported

text: in

text: is

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Aghioi

text: Theodoroi

text: with

text: million

text: tons

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: Thessaloniki

text: comes

text: second

text: with

text: million

text: tons

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Piraeus

text: with

text: million

text: tons

text: and

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Eleusis

text: with

text: million

text: tons

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: goods

text: transported

text: through

text: Greece

text: in

text: amounted

text: to

text: million

text: tons

text: a

text: considerable

text: drop

text: from

text: the

text: million

text: tons

text: transported

text: through

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: Since

text: then

text: Piraeus

text: has

text: grown

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: port

text: thanks

text: to

text: heavy

text: investment

text: by

text: Chinese

text: logistics

text: giant

text: COSCO

text: In

text: Piraeus

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: port

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What was Greece's largest port as measured by good transported in 2010?

answer: Aghioi Theodoroi

text: Aghioi Theodoroi

question: How many million of tons went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010?

answer: 17.38

question: How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis transport in 2010?

answer: 12.37 million tons

text: 12.37 million tons

question: How many tons of goods were transported through Greece in 2007?

answer: 164.3 million tons

text: 164.3 million tons

question: What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2013?

answer: fastest-growing port in the world

text: fastest-growing port in the world

question: What was Greece's smallest port as measured by good transported in 2010?

text: Aghioi Theodoroi

question: How many million of feathers went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010?

question: How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis steal in 2010?

text: 12.37 million tons

question: How many tons of goods were lost in transport through Greece in 2007?

text: 164.3 million tons

question: What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2011?

text: fastest-growing port in the world


text: Switzerland's ecosystems can be particularly fragile, because the many delicate valleys separated by high mountains often form unique ecologies. The mountainous regions themselves are also vulnerable, with a rich range of plants not found at other altitudes, and experience some pressure from visitors and grazing. The climatic, geological and topographical conditions of the alpine region make for a very fragile ecosystem that is particularly sensitive to climate change. Nevertheless, according to the 2014 Environmental Performance Index, Switzerland ranks first among 132 nations in safeguarding the environment, due to its high scores on environmental public health, its heavy reliance on renewable sources of energy (hydropower and geothermal energy), and its control of greenhouse gas emissions.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: ecosystems

text: can

text: be

text: particularly

text: fragile

text: because

text: the

text: many

text: delicate

text: valleys

text: separated

text: by

text: high

text: mountains

text: often

text: form

text: unique

text: ecologies

text: The

text: mountainous

text: regions

text: themselves

text: are

text: also

text: vulnerable

text: with

text: a

text: rich

text: range

text: of

text: plants

text: not

text: found

text: at

text: other

text: altitudes

text: and

text: experience

text: some

text: pressure

text: from

text: visitors

text: and

text: grazing

text: The

text: climatic

text: geological

text: and

text: topographical

text: conditions

text: of

text: the

text: alpine

text: region

text: make

text: for

text: a

text: very

text: fragile

text: ecosystem

text: that

text: is

text: particularly

text: sensitive

text: to

text: climate

text: change

text: Nevertheless

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Environmental

text: Performance

text: Index

text: Switzerland

text: ranks

text: first

text: among

text: nations

text: in

text: safeguarding

text: the

text: environment

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: high

text: scores

text: on

text: environmental

text: public

text: health

text: its

text: heavy

text: reliance

text: on

text: renewable

text: sources

text: of

text: energy

text: hydropower

text: and

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: and

text: its

text: control

text: of

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emissions

question: What rank was Switzerland in safeguarding the environment according to the 2014 Environmental Performance Index?

answer: first among 132 nations

text: first among 132 nations

question: What do mountainous regions have that make their ecosystems particularly fragile?

answer: plants not found at other altitudes

text: plants not found at other altitudes

question: What is the ecosystem in the alpine region particularly sensitive to?

answer: climate change

text: climate change

question: What sources of energy does Switzerland heavily rely on?

answer: renewable

text: renewable


text: Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterland. The coastal dialects have additional phonemes which do not exist in Standard Somali. Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern areas of Somalia.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: dialects

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: main

text: groups

text: Northern

text: Benaadir

text: and

text: Maay

text: Northern

text: Somali

text: or

text: Northern

text: Central

text: Somali

text: forms

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: Standard

text: Somali

text: Benaadir

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Coastal

text: Somali

text: is

text: spoken

text: on

text: the

text: Benadir

text: coast

text: from

text: Adale

text: to

text: south

text: of

text: Merca

text: including

text: Mogadishu

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: hinterland

text: The

text: coastal

text: dialects

text: have

text: additional

text: phonemes

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: Standard

text: Somali

text: Maay

text: is

text: principally

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: Digil

text: and

text: Mirifle

text: Rahanweyn

text: clans

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: areas

text: of

text: Somalia

question: Along with Northern and Maay, what is the third main group of Somali dialects?

answer: Benaadir

text: Benaadir

question: What dialect is Standard Somali based on?

answer: Northern Somali

text: Northern Somali

question: What is another name for Benaadir?

answer: Coastal Somali

text: Coastal Somali

question: What dialect is spoken on Mogadishu?

answer: Benaadir

text: Benaadir

question: In what geographic part of Somalia do the Rahanweyn live?

answer: southern

text: southern


text: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: Qur'an

text: relates

text: detailed

text: narrative

text: accounts

text: of

text: Maryam

text: Mary

text: in

text: two

text: places

text: Qur'an

text: and

text: These

text: state

text: beliefs

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: of

text: Mary

text: and

text: the

text: Virgin

text: birth

text: of

text: Jesus

text: The

text: account

text: given

text: in

text: Sura

text: is

text: nearly

text: identical

text: with

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: Gospel

text: according

text: to

text: Luke

text: and

text: both

text: of

text: these

text: Luke

text: Sura

text: begin

text: with

text: an

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: visitation

text: of

text: an

text: angel

text: upon

text: Zakariya

text: Zecharias

text: and

text: Good

text: News

text: of

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Yahya

text: John

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: annunciation

text: It

text: mentions

text: how

text: Mary

text: was

text: informed

text: by

text: an

text: angel

text: that

text: she

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Jesus

text: through

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: God

text: alone

question: By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an?

answer: Maryam

text: Maryam

question: Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya?

answer: 19

question: In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary?

answer: two

text: two

question: Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an?

answer: Luke

text: Luke

question: Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an?

answer: Zakariya

text: Zakariya

question: Who wrote the detailed narrative accounts of Maryam?

text: Maryam

question: Who wrote the account given in Sura 19?

text: Luke

question: How many accounts in the are written in the Qur'an about Mary?

question: Who told Jesus that Mary would be the mother of Jesus?

text: an angel

question: How many Gospel narratives are about Mary?


text: Classical statistical mechanics requires the existence of h (but does not define its value). Eventually, following upon Planck's discovery, it was recognized that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value. Instead, it must be some multiple of a very small quantity, the "quantum of action", now called the Planck constant. Classical physics cannot explain this fact. In many cases, such as for monochromatic light or for atoms, this quantum of action also implies that only certain energy levels are allowed, and values in between are forbidden.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: Classical

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: requires

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: h

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: define

text: its

text: value

text: Eventually

text: following

text: upon

text: Planck

text: 's

text: discovery

text: it

text: was

text: recognized

text: that

text: physical

text: action

text: can

text: not

text: take

text: on

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: value

text: Instead

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: some

text: multiple

text: of

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: quantity

text: the

text: quantum

text: of

text: action

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

text: Classical

text: physics

text: can

text: not

text: explain

text: this

text: fact

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: for

text: monochromatic

text: light

text: or

text: for

text: atoms

text: this

text: quantum

text: of

text: action

text: also

text: implies

text: that

text: only

text: certain

text: energy

text: levels

text: are

text: allowed

text: and

text: values

text: in

text: between

text: are

text: forbidden

question: Classical statistical mechanics requires the existence of what?

answer: h

text: h

question: What was realized after Planck's discovery?

answer: that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value

text: that physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value

question: What is the Planck constant formerly known as?

answer: quantum of action

text: quantum of action

question: Regarding atoms, what does the Planck constant imply?

answer: that only certain energy levels are allowed

text: that only certain energy levels are allowed

question: Regarding atoms, what are values in between certain energy levels considered by the Planck constant?

answer: forbidden

text: forbidden

question: Following Planck's discovery, what was realized about values of physical action?

answer: physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value

text: physical action cannot take on an arbitrary value

question: The Planck constant initially was given what name?

answer: the "quantum of action"

text: the "quantum of action"

question: How is the proportional nature of the Planck constant explained?

answer: Classical physics cannot explain this fact

text: Classical physics cannot explain this fact

question: For certain cases of light or atoms, what does the quantum of action yield?

answer: only certain energy levels are allowed, and values in between are forbidden.

text: only certain energy levels are allowed, and values in between are forbidden.

question: What does modern statistics mechanics not define the value of?

text: h

question: What is not required to exist in modern statistics mechanics?

text: h

question: What does the Planck Constant negate?

text: quantum of action

question: What is the Planck constant incorrectly known as?

text: quantum of action

question: Which science is the proportional nature of the Planck constant fact?

text: Classical physics


text: The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: The

text: cardinal

text: deacons

text: are

text: the

text: lowest

text: ranking

text: cardinals

text: Cardinals

text: elevated

text: to

text: the

text: diaconal

text: order

text: are

text: either

text: officials

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Curia

text: or

text: priests

text: elevated

text: after

text: their

text: birthday

text: Bishops

text: with

text: diocesan

text: responsibilities

text: however

text: are

text: created

text: cardinal

text: priests

question: Which cardinals are ranked lowest?

answer: cardinal deacons

text: cardinal deacons

question: What title is given to the highest ranking cardinals?

text: cardinal deacons

question: What position do cardinal deacons not hold?

text: lowest-ranking cardinals

question: What do bishops become that are without diocesan responsibilities?

text: cardinal priests.

question: What are cardinals who are not elevated to the diaconal order?


text: This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender of many of the Ming dynasty's most battle-hardened troops, the death of Yuan Chonghuan at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor (who thought Yuan had betrayed him), and the complete and permanent withdrawal of the remaining Ming forces north of the Great Wall.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: Han

text: Banners

text: in

text: increasing

text: to

text: eight

text: in

text: Together

text: these

text: military

text: reforms

text: enabled

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: to

text: resoundingly

text: defeat

text: Ming

text: forces

text: in

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: battles

text: from

text: to

text: for

text: the

text: territories

text: of

text: Songshan

text: and

text: Jinzhou

text: This

text: final

text: victory

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: surrender

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: most

text: battle

text: hardened

text: troops

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Yuan

text: Chonghuan

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: Chongzhen

text: Emperor

text: who

text: thought

text: Yuan

text: had

text: betrayed

text: him

text: and

text: the

text: complete

text: and

text: permanent

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: the

text: remaining

text: Ming

text: forces

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Wall

question: When were the first couple Han Banners founded?

answer: 1637

question: When did the Han Banners grow to eight?

answer: 1642

question: Which leader defeated the Ming armies?

answer: Hong Taiji

text: Hong Taiji

question: Who killed Yuan Chonghuan?

answer: Chongzhen Emperor

text: Chongzhen Emperor

question: Where did the Ming armies retreat to?

answer: north of the Great Wall

text: north of the Great Wall


text: Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: Peace

text: between

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: in

text: meant

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: entered

text: the

text: Nine

text: Years

text: War

text: as

text: allies

text: but

text: the

text: conflict

text: waged

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: overseas

text: between

text: France

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Dutch

text: alliance

text: left

text: the

text: English

text: a

text: stronger

text: colonial

text: power

text: than

text: the

text: Dutch

text: who

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: devote

text: a

text: larger

text: proportion

text: of

text: their

text: military

text: budget

text: on

text: the

text: costly

text: land

text: war

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: England

text: after

text: Britain

text: rise

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: dominant

text: colonial

text: power

text: and

text: France

text: becoming

text: its

text: main

text: rival

text: on

text: the

text: imperial

text: stage

question: Which country became Britain's main rival in the 18th century?

answer: France

text: France

question: When did England and the Netherlands make peace?

answer: 1688

question: In which war were England and the Netherlands allies?

answer: Nine Years' War

text: Nine Years' War

question: In which century did Britain become the world's dominant colonial power?

answer: 18th


text: In March 2012, the newspaper El Mundo published a story according to which FGV had instructed employees who were to testify at the crash commission investigation, providing a set of possible questions and guidelines to prepare the answers. In April 2013, the television program Salvados questioned the official version of the incident as there were indications that the Valencian Government had tried to downplay the accident, which coincided with the visit of the pope to Valencia, or even to hide evidence, as the book of train breakdowns was never found. The day after the broadcast of this report, which received extensive media coverage, several voices called for the reopening of the investigation. The investigation was effectively reopened and the accident is currently under re-examination.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: newspaper

text: El

text: Mundo

text: published

text: a

text: story

text: according

text: to

text: which

text: FGV

text: had

text: instructed

text: employees

text: who

text: were

text: to

text: testify

text: at

text: the

text: crash

text: commission

text: investigation

text: providing

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: possible

text: questions

text: and

text: guidelines

text: to

text: prepare

text: the

text: answers

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: television

text: program

text: Salvados

text: questioned

text: the

text: official

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: incident

text: as

text: there

text: were

text: indications

text: that

text: the

text: Valencian

text: Government

text: had

text: tried

text: to

text: downplay

text: the

text: accident

text: which

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: visit

text: of

text: the

text: pope

text: to

text: Valencia

text: or

text: even

text: to

text: hide

text: evidence

text: as

text: the

text: book

text: of

text: train

text: breakdowns

text: was

text: never

text: found

text: The

text: day

text: after

text: the

text: broadcast

text: of

text: this

text: report

text: which

text: received

text: extensive

text: media

text: coverage

text: several

text: voices

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: reopening

text: of

text: the

text: investigation

text: The

text: investigation

text: was

text: effectively

text: reopened

text: and

text: the

text: accident

text: is

text: currently

text: under

text: re

text: examination

question: What TV program questioned the official account of the crash?

answer: Salvados

text: Salvados

question: What happened at the same time as the crash, which may have contributed to the government downplaying it?

answer: visit of the pope to Valencia

text: visit of the pope to Valencia

question: What evidence related to the crash remains missing?

answer: book of train breakdowns

text: book of train breakdowns

question: Which paper published an article that raised questions about the handling of the investigation?

answer: El Mundo

text: El Mundo

question: When did El Mundo's article with information about the crash investigation come out?

answer: March 2012

text: March 2012


text: The United States Supreme Court in Penry v. Lynaugh and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Bigby v. Dretke have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions. This ruling suggests that specific explanations to the jury are necessary to weigh mitigating factors.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: in

text: Penry

text: v.

text: Lynaugh

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeals

text: for

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Circuit

text: in

text: Bigby

text: v.

text: Dretke

text: have

text: been

text: clear

text: in

text: their

text: decisions

text: that

text: jury

text: instructions

text: in

text: death

text: penalty

text: cases

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: ask

text: about

text: mitigating

text: factors

text: regarding

text: the

text: defendant

text: 's

text: mental

text: health

text: violate

text: the

text: defendant

text: 's

text: Eighth

text: Amendment

text: rights

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: jury

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: instructed

text: to

text: consider

text: mitigating

text: factors

text: when

text: answering

text: unrelated

text: questions

text: This

text: ruling

text: suggests

text: that

text: specific

text: explanations

text: to

text: the

text: jury

text: are

text: necessary

text: to

text: weigh

text: mitigating

text: factors

question: In what court was Bigby v. Dretke decided?

answer: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

text: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

question: What court heard the case Penry v. Lynaugh?

answer: United States Supreme Court

text: United States Supreme Court

question: What amendment to the Constitution did Penry v. Lynaugh address?

answer: Eighth

text: Eighth

question: What sentencing factors did Bigby v. Dretke consider?

answer: mitigating

text: mitigating

question: In what state was Bigby v. Dretke decided?

question: What court denied hearing the case Penry v. Lynaugh?

text: The United States Supreme Court

question: What amendment to the Constitution did Penry v. Lynaugh never address?

text: Eighth

question: What sentencing factors did Bigby v. Dretke reject considering?

text: mitigating


text: New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700. Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial startup companies.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: economic

text: sector

text: lies

text: in

text: its

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: headquarters

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.financial

text: industry

text: metonymously

text: known

text: as

text: Wall

text: Street

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: securities

text: industry

text: enumerating

text: jobs

text: in

text: August

text: continues

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: financial

text: sector

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: economic

text: engine

text: accounting

text: in

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: private

text: sector

text: jobs

text: percent

text: US$

text: billion

text: of

text: its

text: tax

text: revenue

text: and

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: total

text: wages

text: including

text: an

text: average

text: salary

text: of

text: US$

text: Many

text: large

text: financial

text: companies

text: are

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: burgeoning

text: number

text: of

text: financial

text: startup

text: companies

question: As of 2013, how many people worked for a securities business in New York?

answer: 163,400

question: What percentage of New York private sector jobs are in the securities industry?

answer: 5

question: How much tax revenue does the securities industry generate?

answer: US$3.8 billion

text: US$3.8 billion

question: What is the average income in the New York securities industry?

answer: US$360,700

question: What percentage of the city's wages does the securities industry provide?

answer: 22

question: 22 Percent of NYC's total wages are from what industry?

answer: The city's securities

text: The city's securities


text:
Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN
2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)
2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)
1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)
1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

text: Executive

text: Directors

text: and

text: Under

text: Secretaries

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: Dr

text: Babatunde

text: Osotimehin

text: Nigeria

text: Ms

text: Thoraya

text: Ahmed

text: Obaid

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Dr

text: Nafis

text: Sadik

text: Pakistan

text: Mr

text: Rafael

text: M.

text: Salas

text: Philippines

question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?

answer: Rafael M. Salas

text: Rafael M. Salas

question: Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?

answer: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

question: Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?

answer: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

text: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

question: Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?

answer: Dr Nafis Sadik

text: Dr Nafis Sadik

question: Dr Babatunde Osotimehin has never been to what country?

text: Nigeria

question: Who from the UN was missing during 1969-87?

text: Mr Rafael M. Salas

question: Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2010?

text: Dr Nafis Sadik

question: What man served from Saudi Arabia?

text: Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

question: What Nigerian was falsely known as being a doctor?

text: Babatunde Osotimehin


text: One of the first demonstrations of the ability for telecommunications to help sign language users communicate with each other occurred when AT&T's videophone (trademarked as the "Picturephone") was introduced to the public at the 1964 New York World's Fair –two deaf users were able to communicate freely with each other between the fair and another city. Various universities and other organizations, including British Telecom's Martlesham facility, have also conducted extensive research on signing via videotelephony. The use of sign language via videotelephony was hampered for many years due to the difficulty of its use over slow analogue copper phone lines, coupled with the high cost of better quality ISDN (data) phone lines. Those factors largely disappeared with the introduction of more efficient video codecs and the advent of lower cost high-speed ISDN data and IP (Internet) services in the 1990s.

title: Videoconferencing

title: Videoconferencing

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: demonstrations

text: of

text: the

text: ability

text: for

text: telecommunications

text: to

text: help

text: sign

text: language

text: users

text: communicate

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: occurred

text: when

text: AT&T

text: 's

text: videophone

text: trademarked

text: as

text: the

text: Picturephone

text: was

text: introduced

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: at

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: World

text: 's

text: Fair

text: –two

text: deaf

text: users

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: communicate

text: freely

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: between

text: the

text: fair

text: and

text: another

text: city

text: Various

text: universities

text: and

text: other

text: organizations

text: including

text: British

text: Telecom

text: 's

text: Martlesham

text: facility

text: have

text: also

text: conducted

text: extensive

text: research

text: on

text: signing

text: via

text: videotelephony

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: sign

text: language

text: via

text: videotelephony

text: was

text: hampered

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: its

text: use

text: over

text: slow

text: analogue

text: copper

text: phone

text: lines

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: high

text: cost

text: of

text: better

text: quality

text: ISDN

text: data

text: phone

text: lines

text: Those

text: factors

text: largely

text: disappeared

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: more

text: efficient

text: video

text: codecs

text: and

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: lower

text: cost

text: high

text: speed

text: ISDN

text: data

text: and

text: IP

text: Internet

text: services

text: in

text: the

question: What company introduced the first device to help deaf people communicate through telecommunications?

answer: AT&T

text: AT&T

question: What was the name of AT&T's videophone device?

answer: Picturephone

text: Picturephone

question: In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced?

answer: 1964

question: Where was AT&T's "Picturephone" device unveiled?

answer: 1964 New York World's Fair

text: 1964 New York World's Fair

question: In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?

answer: 1990s

question: Where was the Picturephone introduced in the 1990's?

text: at the 1964 New York World's Fair

question: Where were universities able to communicate with each other at the fair?

text: between the fair and another city

question: What organization conducted research on ISDN phone lines?

text: British Telecom's Martlesham facility

question: How were video codecs hampered for years?

question: What was introduced to make extensive research easier over video telephony?


text: On February 6, 2016, one day before her performance at the Super Bowl, Beyoncé released a new single exclusively on music streaming service Tidal called "Formation".

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: On

text: February

text: one

text: day

text: before

text: her

text: performance

text: at

text: the

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: Beyoncé

text: released

text: a

text: new

text: single

text: exclusively

text: on

text: music

text: streaming

text: service

text: Tidal

text: called

text: Formation

question: Beyonce released the song "Formation" on which online music service?

answer: Tidal

text: Tidal

question: Beyonce's new single released before the super bowl was called what?

answer: Formation

text: Formation

question: What day did Beyonce release her single, Formation?

answer: February 6, 2016

text: February 6, 2016

question: How was the single released?

answer: exclusively

text: exclusively

question: What was the name of the streaming service?

answer: Tidal

text: Tidal

question: What kind of platform was the song released?

answer: music streaming

text: music streaming

question: When did Beyoncé release Formation?

answer: February 6, 2016

text: February 6, 2016

question: Where did Beyoncé exclusively release her single, Formation?

answer: Tidal

text: Tidal


text: Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners are the most common example of machine vision, and many low cost products use red LEDs instead of lasers. Optical computer mice are an example of LEDs in machine vision, as it is used to provide an even light source on the surface for the miniature camera within the mouse. LEDs constitute a nearly ideal light source for machine vision systems for several reasons:

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Machine

text: vision

text: systems

text: often

text: require

text: bright

text: and

text: homogeneous

text: illumination

text: so

text: features

text: of

text: interest

text: are

text: easier

text: to

text: process

text: LEDs

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: remain

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: major

text: uses

text: until

text: the

text: price

text: drops

text: low

text: enough

text: to

text: make

text: signaling

text: and

text: illumination

text: uses

text: more

text: widespread

text: Barcode

text: scanners

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: example

text: of

text: machine

text: vision

text: and

text: many

text: low

text: cost

text: products

text: use

text: red

text: LEDs

text: instead

text: of

text: lasers

text: Optical

text: computer

text: mice

text: are

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: LEDs

text: in

text: machine

text: vision

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: even

text: light

text: source

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: for

text: the

text: miniature

text: camera

text: within

text: the

text: mouse

text: LEDs

text: constitute

text: a

text: nearly

text: ideal

text: light

text: source

text: for

text: machine

text: vision

text: systems

text: for

text: several

text: reasons

question: LEDs are often used for what type of systems?

answer: Machine vision

text: Machine vision

question: Why are LEDs preferred for machine vision systems?

answer: so features of interest are easier to process

text: so features of interest are easier to process

question: What can help make LEDs more widely used?

answer: price drops

text: price drops

question: What is the most common example of a machine vision system?

answer: Barcode scanners

text: Barcode scanners

question: Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems found?

answer: Optical computer mice

text: Optical computer mice

question: non-LEDs are often used for what type of systems?

text: Machine vision

question: Why aren't LEDs preferred for machine vision systems?

text: illumination uses more widespread

question: What can't help make LEDs more widely used?

text: price drops

question: What is the most uncommon example of a machine vision system?

text: Barcode scanners

question: Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems not found?

text: Optical computer mice


text: Tito carried on numerous affairs and was married several times. In 1918 he was brought to Omsk, Russia, as a prisoner of war. There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen; he married her a year later, and she moved with him to Yugoslavia. Pelagija bore him five children but only their son Žarko Leon (born 4 February, 1924) survived. When Tito was jailed in 1928, she returned to Russia. After the divorce in 1936 she later remarried.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: Tito

text: carried

text: on

text: numerous

text: affairs

text: and

text: was

text: married

text: several

text: times

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: Omsk

text: Russia

text: as

text: a

text: prisoner

text: of

text: war

text: There

text: he

text: met

text: Pelagija

text: Belousova

text: who

text: was

text: then

text: thirteen

text: he

text: married

text: her

text: a

text: year

text: later

text: and

text: she

text: moved

text: with

text: him

text: to

text: Yugoslavia

text: Pelagija

text: bore

text: him

text: five

text: children

text: but

text: only

text: their

text: son

text: Žarko

text: Leon

text: born

text: February

text: survived

text: When

text: Tito

text: was

text: jailed

text: in

text: she

text: returned

text: to

text: Russia

text: After

text: the

text: divorce

text: in

text: she

text: later

text: remarried

question: Where in Russia was Tito brought as a prisoner of war in 1918?

answer: Omsk

text: Omsk

question: When was Tito brought to Russia as a prisoner of war?

answer: 1918

question: How old was Pelagija Belousava when Tito met her?

answer: thirteen

text: thirteen

question: How many children did Pelagija bore for Tito?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who was the only surviving child of Tito's?

answer: Žarko Leon

text: Žarko Leon


text: The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health. Eventually after leaving the White House, he suffered several additional and ultimately crippling heart attacks. A severe heart attack in August 1965 largely ended his participation in public affairs. In August 1966 he began to show symptoms of cholecystitis, for which he underwent surgery on December 12, 1966, when his gallbladder was removed, containing 16 gallstones. After Eisenhower's death in 1969 (see below), an autopsy unexpectedly revealed an adrenal pheochromocytoma, a benign adrenaline-secreting tumor that may have made the President more vulnerable to heart disease. Eisenhower suffered seven heart attacks in total from 1955 until his death.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: The

text: last

text: three

text: years

text: of

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: second

text: term

text: in

text: office

text: were

text: ones

text: of

text: relatively

text: good

text: health

text: Eventually

text: after

text: leaving

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: he

text: suffered

text: several

text: additional

text: and

text: ultimately

text: crippling

text: heart

text: attacks

text: A

text: severe

text: heart

text: attack

text: in

text: August

text: largely

text: ended

text: his

text: participation

text: in

text: public

text: affairs

text: In

text: August

text: he

text: began

text: to

text: show

text: symptoms

text: of

text: cholecystitis

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: underwent

text: surgery

text: on

text: December

text: when

text: his

text: gallbladder

text: was

text: removed

text: containing

text: gallstones

text: After

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: see

text: below

text: an

text: autopsy

text: unexpectedly

text: revealed

text: an

text: adrenal

text: pheochromocytoma

text: a

text: benign

text: adrenaline

text: secreting

text: tumor

text: that

text: may

text: have

text: made

text: the

text: President

text: more

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: heart

text: disease

text: Eisenhower

text: suffered

text: seven

text: heart

text: attacks

text: in

text: total

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

question: What August 1965 event caused Eisenhower to drop out of public life?

answer: heart attack

text: heart attack

question: For what ailment did Eisenhower receive surgery in 1966?

answer: cholecystitis

text: cholecystitis

question: What did Eisenhower have removed via surgery on December 12, 1966?

answer: gallbladder

text: gallbladder

question: In what year did Eisenhower die?

answer: 1969

question: How many heart attacks did Eisenhower have between 1955 and 1969?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Agriculture

text: in

text: Portugal

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: small

text: to

text: medium

text: sized

text: family

text: owned

text: dispersed

text: units

text: However

text: the

text: sector

text: also

text: includes

text: larger

text: scale

text: intensive

text: farming

text: export

text: oriented

text: agrobusinesses

text: backed

text: by

text: companies

text: like

text: Grupo

text: RAR

text: 's

text: Vitacress

text: Sovena

text: Lactogal

text: Vale

text: da

text: Rosa

text: Companhia

text: das

text: Lezírias

text: and

text: Valouro

text: The

text: country

text: produces

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: crops

text: and

text: livestock

text: products

text: including

text: tomatoes

text: citrus

text: green

text: vegetables

text: rice

text: corn

text: barley

text: olives

text: oilseeds

text: nuts

text: cherries

text: bilberry

text: table

text: grapes

text: edible

text: mushrooms

text: dairy

text: products

text: poultry

text: and

text: beef

question: Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based?

answer: small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units

text: small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units

question: What types of companies back more large scale, export-oriented agrobusinesses in Portugal?

answer: Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro

text: Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro

question: What types of crops does Portugal produce?

answer: tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms

text: tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms

question: What types of livestock products does Portugal produce?

answer: dairy products, poultry and beef

text: dairy products, poultry and beef


text: Another form of recordable LaserDisc that is completely playback-compatible with the LaserDisc format (unlike CRVdisc with its caddy enclosure) is the RLV, or Recordable LaserVision disc. It was developed and first marketed by the Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus) in 1984. RLV discs, like CRVdisc, are also a WORM technology, and function exactly like a CD-R disc. RLV discs look almost exactly like standard LaserDiscs, and can play in any standard LaserDisc player after they have been recorded.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Another

text: form

text: of

text: recordable

text: LaserDisc

text: that

text: is

text: completely

text: playback

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: LaserDisc

text: format

text: unlike

text: CRVdisc

text: with

text: its

text: caddy

text: enclosure

text: is

text: the

text: RLV

text: or

text: Recordable

text: LaserVision

text: disc

text: It

text: was

text: developed

text: and

text: first

text: marketed

text: by

text: the

text: Optical

text: Disc

text: Corporation

text: ODC

text: now

text: ODC

text: Nimbus

text: in

text: RLV

text: discs

text: like

text: CRVdisc

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: WORM

text: technology

text: and

text: function

text: exactly

text: like

text: a

text: CD

text: R

text: disc

text: RLV

text: discs

text: look

text: almost

text: exactly

text: like

text: standard

text: LaserDiscs

text: and

text: can

text: play

text: in

text: any

text: standard

text: LaserDisc

text: player

text: after

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: recorded

question: What does the acronym RLV stand for?

answer: Recordable LaserVision disc

text: Recordable LaserVision disc

question: Which company originally developed and marketed the RLV?

answer: Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus)

text: Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus)

question: In what year did ODC develop the Recordable LaserVision Disc?

answer: 1984.


text: Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2007), Iceland and Norway have established Evangelical Lutheran churches. Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition. The Church of England is the officially established religious institution in England, and also the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Several

text: countries

text: have

text: established

text: their

text: national

text: churches

text: linking

text: the

text: ecclesiastical

text: structure

text: with

text: the

text: state

text: Jurisdictions

text: where

text: a

text: Protestant

text: denomination

text: has

text: been

text: established

text: as

text: a

text: state

text: religion

text: include

text: several

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: Denmark

text: including

text: Greenland

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: its

text: church

text: being

text: independent

text: since

text: Iceland

text: and

text: Norway

text: have

text: established

text: Evangelical

text: Lutheran

text: churches

text: Tuvalu

text: has

text: the

text: only

text: established

text: church

text: in

text: Reformed

text: tradition

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: Tonga

text: in

text: the

text: Methodist

text: tradition

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: is

text: the

text: officially

text: established

text: religious

text: institution

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: Mother

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Anglican

text: Communion

question: What do national churches bring together?

answer: the ecclesiastical structure with the state

text: the ecclesiastical structure with the state

question: How long has the Faroe Islands church been independent?

answer: since 2007

text: since 2007

question: Who has the only Reformed church?

answer: Tuvalu

text: Tuvalu

question: Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion?

answer: The Church of England

text: The Church of England

question: What type of church does Tonga have?

answer: Methodist

text: Methodist


text: The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated. Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 40s and 50s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 60s and 70s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia. Also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. Ruben Hakobyan (Ruben Sasuntsi) is a well recognized Armenian ethnographic and patriotic folk singer who has achieved widespread national recognition due to his devotion to Armenian folk music and exceptional talent. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth.[citation needed] These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: caused

text: widespread

text: emigration

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: Armenians

text: in

text: various

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Armenians

text: kept

text: to

text: their

text: traditions

text: and

text: certain

text: diasporans

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: with

text: their

text: music

text: In

text: the

text: post

text: Genocide

text: Armenian

text: community

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: kef

text: style

text: Armenian

text: dance

text: music

text: using

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: folk

text: instruments

text: often

text: electrified

text: amplified

text: and

text: some

text: western

text: instruments

text: was

text: popular

text: This

text: style

text: preserved

text: the

text: folk

text: songs

text: and

text: dances

text: of

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: and

text: many

text: artists

text: also

text: played

text: the

text: contemporary

text: popular

text: songs

text: of

text: Turkey

text: and

text: other

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: countries

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: Armenians

text: emigrated

text: Richard

text: Hagopian

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: artist

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: kef

text: style

text: and

text: the

text: Vosbikian

text: Band

text: was

text: notable

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: for

text: developing

text: their

text: own

text: style

text: of

text: kef

text: music

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: popular

text: American

text: Big

text: Band

text: Jazz

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Later

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: and

text: influenced

text: by

text: Continental

text: European

text: especially

text: French

text: pop

text: music

text: the

text: Armenian

text: pop

text: music

text: genre

text: grew

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Adiss

text: Harmandian

text: and

text: Harout

text: Pamboukjian

text: performing

text: to

text: the

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: and

text: Armenia

text: Also

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Sirusho

text: performing

text: pop

text: music

text: combined

text: with

text: Armenian

text: folk

text: music

text: in

text: today

text: 's

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Other

text: Armenian

text: diasporans

text: that

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: classical

text: or

text: international

text: music

text: circles

text: are

text: world

text: renowned

text: French

text: Armenian

text: singer

text: and

text: composer

text: Charles

text: Aznavour

text: pianist

text: Sahan

text: Arzruni

text: prominent

text: opera

text: sopranos

text: such

text: as

text: Hasmik

text: Papian

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: Isabel

text: Bayrakdarian

text: and

text: Anna

text: Kasyan

text: Certain

text: Armenians

text: settled

text: to

text: sing

text: non

text: Armenian

text: tunes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: heavy

text: metal

text: band

text: System

text: of

text: a

text: Down

text: which

text: nonetheless

text: often

text: incorporates

text: traditional

text: Armenian

text: instrumentals

text: and

text: styling

text: into

text: their

text: songs

text: or

text: pop

text: star

text: Cher

text: Ruben

text: Hakobyan

text: Ruben

text: Sasuntsi

text: is

text: a

text: well

text: recognized

text: Armenian

text: ethnographic

text: and

text: patriotic

text: folk

text: singer

text: who

text: has

text: achieved

text: widespread

text: national

text: recognition

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: devotion

text: to

text: Armenian

text: folk

text: music

text: and

text: exceptional

text: talent

text: In

text: the

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: Armenian

text: revolutionary

text: songs

text: are

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: youth.[citation

text: needed

text: These

text: songs

text: encourage

text: Armenian

text: patriotism

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: about

text: Armenian

text: history

text: and

text: national

text: heroes

question: What type of music is Richard Hagopian famous for?

answer: the traditional "kef" style

text: the traditional "kef" style

question: What instruments does 'kef' use?

answer: Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments

text: Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments

question: What type of music does Sirusho perform?

answer: pop music combined with Armenian folk music

text: pop music combined with Armenian folk music

question: What nationality is Charles Aznavour?

answer: French-Armenian

text: French-Armenian

question: What US heavy metal band is comprised of Armenians?

answer: System of a Down

text: System of a Down

question: What two pop artists became famous in Turkey the 40's and 50's?

text: Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian

question: What event was caused by French influence that led to widespread Armenian emigration?

text: The Armenian Genocide

question: What dance style was popular after people of Turkey emigrated to the US?

text: "kef" style

question: Who is the most popular member of System of a Down?

text: Richard Hagopian

question: What famous opera singers used the kef style?


text: At the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees, a thousand of whom worked in analysis. Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates, which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams, military dispatches, and other public documents. The CIA still lacked its own intelligence gathering abilities. On 21 August 1950, shortly after the invasion of South Korea, Truman announced Walter Bedell Smith as the new Director of the CIA to correct what was seen as a grave failure of Intelligence.[clarification needed]

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: At

text: the

text: outset

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: the

text: CIA

text: still

text: only

text: had

text: a

text: few

text: thousand

text: employees

text: a

text: thousand

text: of

text: whom

text: worked

text: in

text: analysis

text: Intelligence

text: primarily

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Reports

text: and

text: Estimates

text: which

text: drew

text: its

text: reports

text: from

text: a

text: daily

text: take

text: of

text: State

text: Department

text: telegrams

text: military

text: dispatches

text: and

text: other

text: public

text: documents

text: The

text: CIA

text: still

text: lacked

text: its

text: own

text: intelligence

text: gathering

text: abilities

text: On

text: August

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: South

text: Korea

text: Truman

text: announced

text: Walter

text: Bedell

text: Smith

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: CIA

text: to

text: correct

text: what

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: grave

text: failure

text: of

text: Intelligence.[clarification

text: needed

question: Who was appointed to be the new Director of the CIA in 1950?

answer: Walter Bedell Smith

text: Walter Bedell Smith

question: Where was most of the CIA's intelligence coming from before 1950?

answer: the Office of Reports and Estimates

text: the Office of Reports and Estimates

question: What president announced the new CIA director?

answer: Truman

text: Truman


text: Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave blood in him." He later claimed his comment was intended to be "provocative" but declined to expand on the subject. Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (who was famously mistaken for a "recent American immigrant" by French President Nicolas Sarkozy), said "descendants of slaves did not get much of a head start, and I think you continue to see some of the effects of that." She has also rejected an immigrant designation for African Americans and instead prefers the term "black" or "white" .

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Reacting

text: to

text: media

text: criticism

text: of

text: Michelle

text: Obama

text: during

text: the

text: presidential

text: election

text: Charles

text: Kenzie

text: Steele

text: Jr.

text: CEO

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Christian

text: Leadership

text: Conference

text: said

text: Why

text: are

text: they

text: attacking

text: Michelle

text: Obama

text: and

text: not

text: really

text: attacking

text: to

text: that

text: degree

text: her

text: husband

text: Because

text: he

text: has

text: no

text: slave

text: blood

text: in

text: him

text: He

text: later

text: claimed

text: his

text: comment

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: provocative

text: but

text: declined

text: to

text: expand

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: Former

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Condoleezza

text: Rice

text: who

text: was

text: famously

text: mistaken

text: for

text: a

text: recent

text: American

text: immigrant

text: by

text: French

text: President

text: Nicolas

text: Sarkozy

text: said

text: descendants

text: of

text: slaves

text: did

text: not

text: get

text: much

text: of

text: a

text: head

text: start

text: and

text: I

text: think

text: you

text: continue

text: to

text: see

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: that

text: She

text: has

text: also

text: rejected

text: an

text: immigrant

text: designation

text: for

text: African

text: Americans

text: and

text: instead

text: prefers

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: or

text: white

question: Why did Steele think people were not attacking Barrack Obama?

answer: Because he has no slave blood in him

text: Because he has no slave blood in him

question: What does Condoleeza Rice prefer to term people as?

answer: "black" or "white"

text: "black" or "white"

question: What did President Sarkozy think Secretary of State Rice was?

answer: recent American immigrant

text: recent American immigrant

question: Who is Charles Kenzie Steele Jr?

answer: CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

text: CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

question: Why did Steele say what he did?

answer: to be "provocative"

text: to be "provocative"

question: Who accused people of attacking Barack Obama more than Michelle Obama?

text: Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr.

question: What year did Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr. accuse the media of attacking Barack Obama?

question: Who was mistaken for a "recent American immigrant" by the German Prime Minister?

text: Condoleezza Rice

question: What designation for African Americans does Condoleezza Rice prefer over "black" and "white"?

text: immigrant

question: Who claimed that descendants of slaves had a good head start?

text: Condoleezza Rice


text: Kirant Mundhum is one of the indigenous animistic practices of Nepal. It is practiced by Kirat people. Some animistic aspects of Kirant beliefs, such as ancestor worship (worship of Ajima) are also found in Newars of Kirant origin. Ancient religious sites believed to be worshipped by ancient Kirats, such as Pashupatinath, Wanga Akash Bhairabh (Yalambar) and Ajima are now worshipped by people of all Dharmic religions in Kathmandu. Kirats who have migrated from other parts of Nepal to Kathmandu practice Mundhum in the city.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Kirant

text: Mundhum

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: indigenous

text: animistic

text: practices

text: of

text: Nepal

text: It

text: is

text: practiced

text: by

text: Kirat

text: people

text: Some

text: animistic

text: aspects

text: of

text: Kirant

text: beliefs

text: such

text: as

text: ancestor

text: worship

text: worship

text: of

text: Ajima

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: Newars

text: of

text: Kirant

text: origin

text: Ancient

text: religious

text: sites

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: worshipped

text: by

text: ancient

text: Kirats

text: such

text: as

text: Pashupatinath

text: Wanga

text: Akash

text: Bhairabh

text: Yalambar

text: and

text: Ajima

text: are

text: now

text: worshipped

text: by

text: people

text: of

text: all

text: Dharmic

text: religions

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: Kirats

text: who

text: have

text: migrated

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Nepal

text: to

text: Kathmandu

text: practice

text: Mundhum

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: What type of religion is Kirant Mundhum?

answer: animistic

text: animistic

question: Who follows the Kirant Mudhum faith?

answer: Kirat people

text: Kirat people

question: Who worshipped at Wanga Akash Bhairabh in ancient times?

answer: Kirats

text: Kirats

question: What is another name for ancestor worship?

answer: worship of Ajima

text: worship of Ajima


text: The South Atlantic Express, a 10,000 km (6,214 mi) submarine communications cable connecting Africa to South America, run by the undersea fibre optic provider eFive, will pass St Helena relatively closely. There were no plans to land the cable and install a landing station ashore, which could supply St Helena's population with sufficient bandwidth to fully leverage the benefits of today's Information Society. In January 2012, a group of supporters petitioned the UK government to meet the cost of landing the cable at St Helena. On 6 October 2012, eFive agreed to reroute the cable through St. Helena after a successful lobbying campaign by A Human Right, a San Francisco-based NGA working on initiatives to ensure all people are connected to the Internet. Islanders have sought the assistance of the UK Department for International Development and Foreign and Commonwealth Office in funding the £10m required to bridge the connection from a local junction box on the cable to the island. The UK Government have announced that a review of the island's economy would be required before such funding would be agreed to.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Express

text: a

text: km

text: mi

text: submarine

text: communications

text: cable

text: connecting

text: Africa

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: undersea

text: fibre

text: optic

text: provider

text: eFive

text: will

text: pass

text: St

text: Helena

text: relatively

text: closely

text: There

text: were

text: no

text: plans

text: to

text: land

text: the

text: cable

text: and

text: install

text: a

text: landing

text: station

text: ashore

text: which

text: could

text: supply

text: St

text: Helena

text: 's

text: population

text: with

text: sufficient

text: bandwidth

text: to

text: fully

text: leverage

text: the

text: benefits

text: of

text: today

text: 's

text: Information

text: Society

text: In

text: January

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: supporters

text: petitioned

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: landing

text: the

text: cable

text: at

text: St

text: Helena

text: On

text: October

text: eFive

text: agreed

text: to

text: reroute

text: the

text: cable

text: through

text: St.

text: Helena

text: after

text: a

text: successful

text: lobbying

text: campaign

text: by

text: A

text: Human

text: Right

text: a

text: San

text: Francisco

text: based

text: NGA

text: working

text: on

text: initiatives

text: to

text: ensure

text: all

text: people

text: are

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: Islanders

text: have

text: sought

text: the

text: assistance

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: Department

text: for

text: International

text: Development

text: and

text: Foreign

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: Office

text: in

text: funding

text: the

text: m

text: required

text: to

text: bridge

text: the

text: connection

text: from

text: a

text: local

text: junction

text: box

text: on

text: the

text: cable

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: The

text: UK

text: Government

text: have

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: review

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: economy

text: would

text: be

text: required

text: before

text: such

text: funding

text: would

text: be

text: agreed

text: to

question: How long is the South Atlantic Express in miles?

answer: 6,214

question: Who runs the South Atlantic Express?

answer: eFive

text: eFive

question: On what date did eFive announce they would reroute the cable through Saint Helena?

answer: 6 October 2012

text: 6 October 2012

question: Who lobbied for the cable reroute into South Helena?

answer: A Human Right

text: A Human Right


text: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: The

text: National

text: Historical

text: Publications

text: and

text: Records

text: Commission

text: NHPRC)—the

text: agency

text: 's

text: grant

text: making

text: arm

text: awards

text: funds

text: to

text: state

text: and

text: local

text: governments

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: archives

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: and

text: other

text: nonprofit

text: organizations

text: to

text: preserve

text: and

text: publish

text: historical

text: records

text: Since

text: the

text: NHPRC

text: has

text: awarded

text: some

text: grants

question: Which arm of NARA handles grants?

answer: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission

text: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission

question: What year was The National Historical Publications and Records Commission established?

answer: 1964

question: About how many grants has the NHPRC awarded?

answer: 4,500

question: In what year did public and private archives begin taking grants?

question: How many grants are awarded by the government annually?

question: How many colleges and universities award grants to students each year?

question: In 1964 what was the focus of curriculum in history classes?

text: historical records

question: What do many nonprofit organizations take part in to support students?

text: grant-making


text: Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the centre of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (秣陵) to Jianye (建鄴) shortly thereafter.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: and

text: mountains

text: Nanjing

text: also

text: enjoys

text: beautiful

text: natural

text: scenery

text: Natural

text: lakes

text: such

text: as

text: Xuanwu

text: Lake

text: and

text: Mochou

text: Lake

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: are

text: easily

text: accessible

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: while

text: hills

text: like

text: Purple

text: Mountain

text: are

text: covered

text: with

text: evergreens

text: and

text: oaks

text: and

text: host

text: various

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: sites

text: Sun

text: Quan

text: relocated

text: his

text: capital

text: to

text: Nanjing

text: after

text: Liu

text: Bei

text: 's

text: suggestion

text: as

text: Liu

text: Bei

text: was

text: impressed

text: by

text: Nanjing

text: 's

text: impeccable

text: geographic

text: position

text: when

text: negotiating

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: Sun

text: Quan

text: Sun

text: Quan

text: then

text: renamed

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: Moling

text: 秣陵

text: to

text: Jianye

text: 建鄴

text: shortly

text: thereafter

question: What lakes are in the middle of Nanjing?

answer: Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake

text: Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake

question: What type of trees are on Purple Mountain?

answer: evergreens and oaks

text: evergreens and oaks

question: Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital?

answer: Liu Bei

text: Liu Bei

question: What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing?

answer: Nanjing's impeccable geographic position

text: Nanjing's impeccable geographic position

question: What is Nanjing surrounded by?

answer: the Yangtze River and mountains

text: the Yangtze River and mountains


text: In the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian Army—though these went mainly unheeded. An alarming report on the Posen situation, sent to Bismarck on 16 August 1870, led to the quartering of reserve troop contingents in the restive province. The Franco-Prussian War thus turned out to be a significant event also in German–Polish relations, marking the beginning of a prolonged period of repressive measures by the authorities and efforts at Germanisation.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: In

text: the

text: Prussian

text: province

text: of

text: Posen

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: Polish

text: population

text: there

text: was

text: strong

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: angry

text: demonstrations

text: at

text: news

text: of

text: Prussian

text: German

text: victories

text: a

text: clear

text: manifestation

text: of

text: Polish

text: nationalist

text: feeling

text: Calls

text: were

text: also

text: made

text: for

text: Polish

text: recruits

text: to

text: desert

text: from

text: the

text: Prussian

text: Army

text: though

text: these

text: went

text: mainly

text: unheeded

text: An

text: alarming

text: report

text: on

text: the

text: Posen

text: situation

text: sent

text: to

text: Bismarck

text: on

text: August

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: quartering

text: of

text: reserve

text: troop

text: contingents

text: in

text: the

text: restive

text: province

text: The

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: thus

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: significant

text: event

text: also

text: in

text: German

text: Polish

text: relations

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: a

text: prolonged

text: period

text: of

text: repressive

text: measures

text: by

text: the

text: authorities

text: and

text: efforts

text: at

text: Germanisation

question: In which Prussian province did a large Polish population reside?

answer: Posen

text: Posen

question: What was there strong support of in Posen?

answer: the French

text: the French

question: What calls were made for the Polish recruits?

answer: to desert from the Prussian Army

text: to desert from the Prussian Army

question: On what date did Bismarkck receive the disturbing report on the Posen situation?

answer: 16 August 1870

text: 16 August 1870

question: What significant consequence was a result of German-Polish relations?

answer: prolonged period of repressive measures

text: prolonged period of repressive measures