text: The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929, a 1937 treaty prohibiting the hunting of right and gray whales, and the Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940. These later laws had a low cost to society–the species were relatively rare–and little opposition was raised.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: The

text: Lacey

text: Act

text: of

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: federal

text: law

text: that

text: regulated

text: commercial

text: animal

text: markets

text: It

text: prohibited

text: interstate

text: commerce

text: of

text: animals

text: killed

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: state

text: game

text: laws

text: and

text: covered

text: all

text: fish

text: and

text: wildlife

text: and

text: their

text: parts

text: or

text: products

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: plants

text: Other

text: legislation

text: followed

text: including

text: the

text: Migratory

text: Bird

text: Conservation

text: Act

text: of

text: a

text: treaty

text: prohibiting

text: the

text: hunting

text: of

text: right

text: and

text: gray

text: whales

text: and

text: the

text: Bald

text: Eagle

text: Protection

text: Act

text: of

text: These

text: later

text: laws

text: had

text: a

text: low

text: cost

text: to

text: society

text: the

text: species

text: were

text: relatively

text: rare

text: and

text: little

text: opposition

text: was

text: raised

question: What was the first federal law that regulated wildlife commerce?

answer: Lacey Act of 1900

text: Lacey Act of 1900

question: What did the first federal wildlife commerce law prohibit?

answer: interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws

text: interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws

question: What wildlife was covered by the first federal wildlife commerce regulation?

answer: all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants

text: all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants

question: What law passed in 1940 regarding the population of the U.S. national bird?

answer: Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940

text: Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940

question: What legislation was considered costly?

text: The Lacey Act

question: What was the first federal treaty?

text: the Migratory Bird Conservation Act

question: What did the first federal law on wildlife allow regarding interstate commerce?

question: What was the name of the 1937 treaty?

text: Bald Eagle Protection Act

question: Which laws faced significant opposition?

text: later laws


text: Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation. Following the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Greece and Turkey agreed to a population transfer based on cultural and religious identity. About 500,000 Muslims from Greece, predominantly those defined as Turks, but also Greek Muslims like the Vallahades of western Macedonia, were exchanged with approximately 1,500,000 Greeks from Turkey. However, many refugees who settled in former Ottoman Muslim villages in Central Macedonia and were defined as Christian Orthodox Caucasus Greeks arrived from the former Russian Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast after it had been retroceded to Turkey but in the few years before the official population exchange.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Estimates

text: of

text: the

text: recognized

text: Greek

text: Muslim

text: minority

text: which

text: is

text: mostly

text: located

text: in

text: Thrace

text: range

text: from

text: to

text: about

text: while

text: the

text: immigrant

text: Muslim

text: community

text: numbers

text: between

text: and

text: Albanian

text: immigrants

text: to

text: Greece

text: are

text: usually

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Muslim

text: religion

text: although

text: most

text: are

text: secular

text: in

text: orientation

text: Following

text: the

text: Greco

text: Turkish

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lausanne

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: agreed

text: to

text: a

text: population

text: transfer

text: based

text: on

text: cultural

text: and

text: religious

text: identity

text: About

text: Muslims

text: from

text: Greece

text: predominantly

text: those

text: defined

text: as

text: Turks

text: but

text: also

text: Greek

text: Muslims

text: like

text: the

text: Vallahades

text: of

text: western

text: Macedonia

text: were

text: exchanged

text: with

text: approximately

text: Greeks

text: from

text: Turkey

text: However

text: many

text: refugees

text: who

text: settled

text: in

text: former

text: Ottoman

text: Muslim

text: villages

text: in

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: were

text: defined

text: as

text: Christian

text: Orthodox

text: Caucasus

text: Greeks

text: arrived

text: from

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Transcaucasus

text: province

text: of

text: Kars

text: Oblast

text: after

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: retroceded

text: to

text: Turkey

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: few

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: official

text: population

text: exchange

question: What is the religious minority in Greece?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city?

answer: Thrace

text: Thrace

question: Immigrants from Albania are usually what religion?

answer: Muslim

text: Muslim

question: Greek Muslims were in a population exchange with what country?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey


text: The opinion of the majority of Croatian linguists[citation needed] is that there has never been a Serbo-Croatian language, but two different standard languages that overlapped sometime in the course of history. However, Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić has been leading an academic discussion on that issue in the Croatian journal Književna republika from 2001 to 2010. In the discussion, she shows that linguistic criteria such as mutual intelligibility, huge overlap in linguistic system, and the same dialectic basis of standard language provide evidence that Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin are four national variants of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language. Igor Mandić states: "During the last ten years, it has been the longest, the most serious and most acrid discussion (…) in 21st-century Croatian culture". Inspired by that discussion, a monograph on language and nationalism has been published.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: The

text: opinion

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Croatian

text: linguists[citation

text: needed

text: is

text: that

text: there

text: has

text: never

text: been

text: a

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: language

text: but

text: two

text: different

text: standard

text: languages

text: that

text: overlapped

text: sometime

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: history

text: However

text: Croatian

text: linguist

text: Snježana

text: Kordić

text: has

text: been

text: leading

text: an

text: academic

text: discussion

text: on

text: that

text: issue

text: in

text: the

text: Croatian

text: journal

text: Književna

text: republika

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: the

text: discussion

text: she

text: shows

text: that

text: linguistic

text: criteria

text: such

text: as

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: huge

text: overlap

text: in

text: linguistic

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: dialectic

text: basis

text: of

text: standard

text: language

text: provide

text: evidence

text: that

text: Croatian

text: Serbian

text: Bosnian

text: and

text: Montenegrin

text: are

text: four

text: national

text: variants

text: of

text: the

text: pluricentric

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: language

text: Igor

text: Mandić

text: states

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: ten

text: years

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: longest

text: the

text: most

text: serious

text: and

text: most

text: acrid

text: discussion

text: in

text: century

text: Croatian

text: culture

text: Inspired

text: by

text: that

text: discussion

text: a

text: monograph

text: on

text: language

text: and

text: nationalism

text: has

text: been

text: published

question: Is it the majority or minority opinion that two different standard languages existed and overlapped at some historical point?

answer: majority

text: majority

question: Who stated that the argument between pluricentric or dual standard classifications has been the "longest, most serious, and most acrid discussion in 21st century Croatian culture?"

answer: Igor Mandić

text: Igor Mandić

question: Which Croatian linguist agrees with Igor Mandic and feels that Serbo-Croatian language is pluricentric?

answer: Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić

text: Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić

question: What is the opinion of the Croatian journal Knjizevna repulika about the Serban-Croatian language?

question: What criteria shows that Mandic is one of four language variants?

question: According to Snjezana Kordic how long has the language discussion lasted?

text: the last ten years

question: What has been published based on mutual intelligibility?

text: a monograph on language and nationalism

question: What is the opinion of most Bosnian linguists?


text: Annual summer events include the Electronic Music Festival, International Jazz Festival, the Woodward Dream Cruise, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and Dally in the Alley. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's traditional automotive center, the city hosts the North American International Auto Show. Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest. River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Annual

text: summer

text: events

text: include

text: the

text: Electronic

text: Music

text: Festival

text: International

text: Jazz

text: Festival

text: the

text: Woodward

text: Dream

text: Cruise

text: the

text: African

text: World

text: Festival

text: the

text: country

text: music

text: Hoedown

text: Noel

text: Night

text: and

text: Dally

text: in

text: the

text: Alley

text: Within

text: downtown

text: Campus

text: Martius

text: Park

text: hosts

text: large

text: events

text: including

text: the

text: annual

text: Motown

text: Winter

text: Blast

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: traditional

text: automotive

text: center

text: the

text: city

text: hosts

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: International

text: Auto

text: Show

text: Held

text: since

text: America

text: 's

text: Thanksgiving

text: Parade

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: River

text: Days

text: a

text: five

text: day

text: summer

text: festival

text: on

text: the

text: International

text: Riverfront

text: lead

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Windsor

text: Detroit

text: International

text: Freedom

text: Festival

text: fireworks

text: which

text: draw

text: super

text: sized

text: crowds

text: ranging

text: from

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: to

text: over

text: three

text: million

text: people

question: Which parks hosts the Winter Bash?

answer: Campus Martius Park

text: Campus Martius Park

question: Which parade started in 1924?

answer: America's Thanksgiving Parade

text: America's Thanksgiving Parade

question: Which festival spans five days?

answer: River Days

text: River Days

question: Which festival draws up to 3 million people?

answer: Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival

text: Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival

question: What is the country music festival in Detroit called?

answer: Hoedown

text: Hoedown


text: Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in in 1930, breaking Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI. (In 1999, a long-lost extra RBI mistakenly credited to Charlie Grimm had been found by Cooperstown researcher Cliff Kachline and verified by historian Jerome Holtzman, increasing the record number to 191.) As of 2014 the record still stands, with no serious threats coming since Gehrig (184) and Hank Greenberg (183) in the same era. The closest anyone has come to the mark in the last 75 years was Manny Ramirez's 165 RBI in 1999. In addition to the RBI record, Wilson 56 home-runs stood as the National League record until 1998, when Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire hit 66 and 70, respectively. Wilson was named "Most Useful" player that year by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, as the official N.L. Most Valuable Player Award was not awarded until the next season.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Hack

text: Wilson

text: set

text: a

text: record

text: of

text: home

text: runs

text: and

text: runs

text: batted

text: in

text: in

text: breaking

text: Lou

text: Gehrig

text: 's

text: MLB

text: record

text: of

text: RBI

text: In

text: a

text: long

text: lost

text: extra

text: RBI

text: mistakenly

text: credited

text: to

text: Charlie

text: Grimm

text: had

text: been

text: found

text: by

text: Cooperstown

text: researcher

text: Cliff

text: Kachline

text: and

text: verified

text: by

text: historian

text: Jerome

text: Holtzman

text: increasing

text: the

text: record

text: number

text: to

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: record

text: still

text: stands

text: with

text: no

text: serious

text: threats

text: coming

text: since

text: Gehrig

text: and

text: Hank

text: Greenberg

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: era

text: The

text: closest

text: anyone

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: the

text: mark

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: was

text: Manny

text: Ramirez

text: 's

text: RBI

text: in

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: RBI

text: record

text: Wilson

text: home

text: runs

text: stood

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: record

text: until

text: when

text: Sammy

text: Sosa

text: and

text: Mark

text: McGwire

text: hit

text: and

text: respectively

text: Wilson

text: was

text: named

text: Most

text: Useful

text: player

text: that

text: year

text: by

text: the

text: Baseball

text: Writers

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: N.L.

text: Most

text: Valuable

text: Player

text: Award

text: was

text: not

text: awarded

text: until

text: the

text: next

text: season

question: When did Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in?

answer: 1930

question: Who Broke Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI?

answer: Hack Wilson

text: Hack Wilson

question: When did Manny Ramirez get his 165 RBI?

answer: 1999

question: What was Wilson named by the Baseball Writer's Association of America?

answer: "Most Useful" player

text: "Most Useful" player


text: The problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it would still portray a physically possible process. Secondly, our experience of time, at the macroscopic level, is not time-reversal invariant. Glasses can fall and break, but shards of glass cannot reassemble and fly up onto tables. We have memories of the past, and none of the future. We feel we can't change the past but can influence the future.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: The

text: problem

text: of

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: time

text: arises

text: directly

text: from

text: two

text: contradictory

text: facts

text: Firstly

text: the

text: fundamental

text: physical

text: laws

text: are

text: time

text: reversal

text: invariant

text: if

text: a

text: cinematographic

text: film

text: were

text: taken

text: of

text: any

text: process

text: describable

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: laws

text: and

text: then

text: played

text: backwards

text: it

text: would

text: still

text: portray

text: a

text: physically

text: possible

text: process

text: Secondly

text: our

text: experience

text: of

text: time

text: at

text: the

text: macroscopic

text: level

text: is

text: not

text: time

text: reversal

text: invariant

text: Glasses

text: can

text: fall

text: and

text: break

text: but

text: shards

text: of

text: glass

text: can

text: not

text: reassemble

text: and

text: fly

text: up

text: onto

text: tables

text: We

text: have

text: memories

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: future

text: We

text: feel

text: we

text: ca

text: n't

text: change

text: the

text: past

text: but

text: can

text: influence

text: the

text: future

question: How many contradictory facts does the problem of the direction of time arise from?

answer: two

text: two

question: What kind of physical laws are time-reversal invariant?

answer: fundamental

text: fundamental

question: If if a cinematographic film were taken by means of physical  laws and then played backwards, it would still portray what?

answer: physically possible process

text: physically possible process

question: How is our experience of time at the macro level?

answer: not time-reversal invariant

text: not time-reversal invariant

question: What do we not have memories of?

answer: the future

text: the future

question: What laws are time-reversal variant?

text: the fundamental physical laws

question: What do we experience as time-reversal invariant?

text: time, at the macroscopic

question: What can we influence besides the future?

text: the past


text: Sacrifice to deities of the heavens (di superi, "gods above") was performed in daylight, and under the public gaze. Deities of the upper heavens required white, infertile victims of their own sex: Juno a white heifer (possibly a white cow); Jupiter a white, castrated ox (bos mas) for the annual oath-taking by the consuls. Di superi with strong connections to the earth, such as Mars, Janus, Neptune and various genii – including the Emperor's – were offered fertile victims. After the sacrifice, a banquet was held; in state cults, the images of honoured deities took pride of place on banqueting couches and by means of the sacrificial fire consumed their proper portion (exta, the innards). Rome's officials and priests reclined in order of precedence alongside and ate the meat; lesser citizens may have had to provide their own.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Sacrifice

text: to

text: deities

text: of

text: the

text: heavens

text: di

text: superi

text: gods

text: above

text: was

text: performed

text: in

text: daylight

text: and

text: under

text: the

text: public

text: gaze

text: Deities

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: heavens

text: required

text: white

text: infertile

text: victims

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: sex

text: Juno

text: a

text: white

text: heifer

text: possibly

text: a

text: white

text: cow

text: Jupiter

text: a

text: white

text: castrated

text: ox

text: bos

text: mas

text: for

text: the

text: annual

text: oath

text: taking

text: by

text: the

text: consuls

text: Di

text: superi

text: with

text: strong

text: connections

text: to

text: the

text: earth

text: such

text: as

text: Mars

text: Janus

text: Neptune

text: and

text: various

text: genii

text: including

text: the

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: were

text: offered

text: fertile

text: victims

text: After

text: the

text: sacrifice

text: a

text: banquet

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: state

text: cults

text: the

text: images

text: of

text: honoured

text: deities

text: took

text: pride

text: of

text: place

text: on

text: banqueting

text: couches

text: and

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: the

text: sacrificial

text: fire

text: consumed

text: their

text: proper

text: portion

text: exta

text: the

text: innards

text: Rome

text: 's

text: officials

text: and

text: priests

text: reclined

text: in

text: order

text: of

text: precedence

text: alongside

text: and

text: ate

text: the

text: meat

text: lesser

text: citizens

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: to

text: provide

text: their

text: own

question: When did the sacrifices to the deities of the heavens occur?

answer: daylight

text: daylight

question: What color was the sacrifice mandated to be for heaven deities?

answer: white

text: white

question: What type of sacrifices were offered to gods with earth connections?

answer: fertile

text: fertile

question: What event was held after the sacrifice?

answer: banquet

text: banquet

question: Who ate the meat of the sacrifice during the after sacrifice  banquet?

answer: officials and priests

text: officials and priests


text: In Asia, various Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates controlled the Asian sphere. In Japan, the Edo period from 1600 to 1868 is also referred to as the early modern period. And in Korea, from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong is referred to as the early modern period. In the Americas, Native Americans had built a large and varied civilization, including the Aztec Empire and alliance, the Inca civilization, the Mayan Empire and cities, and the Chibcha Confederation. In the west, the European kingdoms and movements were in a movement of reformation and expansion. Russia reached the Pacific coast in 1647 and consolidated its control over the Russian Far East in the 19th century.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: In

text: Asia

text: various

text: Chinese

text: dynasties

text: and

text: Japanese

text: shogunates

text: controlled

text: the

text: Asian

text: sphere

text: In

text: Japan

text: the

text: Edo

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: And

text: in

text: Korea

text: from

text: the

text: rising

text: of

text: Joseon

text: Dynasty

text: to

text: the

text: enthronement

text: of

text: King

text: Gojong

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: In

text: the

text: Americas

text: Native

text: Americans

text: had

text: built

text: a

text: large

text: and

text: varied

text: civilization

text: including

text: the

text: Aztec

text: Empire

text: and

text: alliance

text: the

text: Inca

text: civilization

text: the

text: Mayan

text: Empire

text: and

text: cities

text: and

text: the

text: Chibcha

text: Confederation

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: European

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: movements

text: were

text: in

text: a

text: movement

text: of

text: reformation

text: and

text: expansion

text: Russia

text: reached

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coast

text: in

text: and

text: consolidated

text: its

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: Russian

text: Far

text: East

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: Who controlled the Asian Sphere during the period between 1600-1868?

answer: Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates

text: Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates

question: What is the period between 1600-1868 referred to as?

answer: the Edo period

text: the Edo period

question: What is the Edo period also known as?

answer: the early modern period

text: the early modern period

question: What is time is considered the "Modern Period" in Korea?

answer: from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong

text: from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong

question: Name one of the tribes Native Americans established in the Americas.

answer: Aztec Empire

text: Aztec Empire

question: What two groups controlled the Asian Sphere?

answer: Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates

text: Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates

question: What time is referred to as the Edo period?

answer: 1600 to 1868

text: 1600 to 1868

question: What is the 'Early Modern period" known as in Japan?

answer: the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong

text: the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong

question: Name one of the tribes Native Americans formed in the Americas?

answer: Aztec Empire

text: Aztec Empire


text: The College's endowment is sub-divided into three distinct portfolios: (i) Unitised Scheme – a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term; (ii) Non-Core Property – a portfolio containing around 120 operational and developmental properties which College has determined are not core to the academic mission; and (iii) Strategic Asset Investments – containing College’s shareholding in Imperial Innovations and other restricted equity holdings. During the year 2014/15, the market value of the endowment increased by £78 million (18%) to £512.4 million on 31 July 2015.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: The

text: College

text: 's

text: endowment

text: is

text: sub

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: distinct

text: portfolios

text: i

text: Unitised

text: Scheme

text: a

text: unit

text: trust

text: vehicle

text: for

text: College

text: Faculties

text: and

text: Departments

text: to

text: invest

text: endowments

text: and

text: unfettered

text: income

text: to

text: produce

text: returns

text: for

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: ii

text: Non

text: Core

text: Property

text: a

text: portfolio

text: containing

text: around

text: operational

text: and

text: developmental

text: properties

text: which

text: College

text: has

text: determined

text: are

text: not

text: core

text: to

text: the

text: academic

text: mission

text: and

text: iii

text: Strategic

text: Asset

text: Investments

text: containing

text: College

text: ’s

text: shareholding

text: in

text: Imperial

text: Innovations

text: and

text: other

text: restricted

text: equity

text: holdings

text: During

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: market

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: endowment

text: increased

text: by

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: on

text: July

question: What was the market value of the endowment the college received on July 31, 2015?

answer: £512.4 million

text: £512.4 million

question: What is a "Unitised Scheme"?

answer: a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term

text: a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term

question: How much did the market value of the college's endowment increase between 2014 and 2015?

answer: £78 million

text: £78 million

question: How many percent did the college's endowment market value increase from 2014 to 2015?

answer: 18%

question: How many distinct portfolios is the College's endownment divided into?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is the term that represents a unit trust vehicle that allows endowments to be invested to produce returns for the lon term?

answer: Unitised Scheme

text: Unitised Scheme

question: The 120 operational and developmental properties within the college that are not core to the academic mission belong to which portfolio?

answer: Non-Core Property

text: Non-Core Property

question: The College's restricted equity holdings would be considered a part of which portion of the portfolio?

answer: Strategic Asset Investments

text: Strategic Asset Investments

question: How much did the market value of the endowment increase by during the year 2014/2015?

answer: £78 million

text: £78 million

question: When did the endowment increase by 512.4 million pounds?

text: year 2014/15

question: How many nonoperational and development properties were in the portfolio?

question: How many properties were were core to the college's academic mission?


text: The war has been described as the first "world war", although this label was also given to various earlier conflicts like the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: war

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: world

text: war

text: although

text: this

text: label

text: was

text: also

text: given

text: to

text: various

text: earlier

text: conflicts

text: like

text: the

text: Eighty

text: Years

text: War

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Succession

text: and

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Succession

text: and

text: to

text: later

text: conflicts

text: like

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: The

text: term

text: Second

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: almost

text: continuous

text: level

text: of

text: world

text: wide

text: conflict

text: during

text: the

text: entire

text: century

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: famous

text: and

text: compact

text: struggle

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: What is the grandest label that historians have used to describe the  Seven Years' War?

answer: The war has been described as the first "world war"

text: The war has been described as the first "world war"

question: What does the term "Second Hundred Years' War" describe?

answer: The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century,

text: The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century,

question: What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year's War?

answer: reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century

text: reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century

question: What was a later conflict that some considered the first World War?

answer: to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars

text: to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars


text: In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a counterpart in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Tribunal.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: In

text: king

text: Stefan

text: Batory

text: created

text: the

text: Crown

text: Tribunal

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: enormous

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: Royal

text: Court

text: This

text: placed

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: 's

text: juridical

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: elected

text: szlachta

text: deputies

text: further

text: strengthening

text: the

text: nobility

text: class

text: In

text: the

text: Crown

text: Tribunal

text: was

text: joined

text: by

text: a

text: counterpart

text: in

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: Tribunal

question: The crown tribunal was created when?

answer: 1578

question: Who created the crown tribunal?

answer: king Stefan Batory

text: king Stefan Batory

question: What was the crown tribunal supposed to do?

answer: reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court

text: reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court

question: Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal?

answer: the nobility class

text: the nobility class

question: WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually?

answer: Lithuanian Tribunal

text: Lithuanian Tribunal


text: After returning from Egypt, Napoleon engineered a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic. Another victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in 1800 secured his political power. With the Concordat of 1801, Napoleon restored the religious privileges of the Catholic Church while keeping the lands seized by the Revolution. The state continued to nominate the bishops and to control church finances. He extended his political control over France until the Senate declared him Emperor of the French in 1804, launching the French Empire. Intractable differences with the British meant that the French were facing a Third Coalition by 1805. Napoleon shattered this coalition with decisive victories in the Ulm Campaign and a historic triumph at the Battle of Austerlitz, which led to the elimination of the Holy Roman Empire. In October 1805, however, a Franco-Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Trafalgar, allowing Britain to impose a naval blockade of the French coasts. In retaliation, Napoleon established the Continental System in 1806 to cut off continental trade with Britain. The Fourth Coalition took up arms against him the same year because Prussia became worried about growing French influence on the continent. Napoleon knocked out Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt, then turned his attention towards the Russians and annihilated them in June 1807 at Friedland, which forced the Russians to accept the Treaties of Tilsit.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: After

text: returning

text: from

text: Egypt

text: Napoleon

text: engineered

text: a

text: coup

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: became

text: First

text: Consul

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: Another

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Austrians

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Marengo

text: in

text: secured

text: his

text: political

text: power

text: With

text: the

text: Concordat

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: restored

text: the

text: religious

text: privileges

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: while

text: keeping

text: the

text: lands

text: seized

text: by

text: the

text: Revolution

text: The

text: state

text: continued

text: to

text: nominate

text: the

text: bishops

text: and

text: to

text: control

text: church

text: finances

text: He

text: extended

text: his

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: France

text: until

text: the

text: Senate

text: declared

text: him

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: launching

text: the

text: French

text: Empire

text: Intractable

text: differences

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: meant

text: that

text: the

text: French

text: were

text: facing

text: a

text: Third

text: Coalition

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: shattered

text: this

text: coalition

text: with

text: decisive

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: Ulm

text: Campaign

text: and

text: a

text: historic

text: triumph

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Austerlitz

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: elimination

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: In

text: October

text: however

text: a

text: Franco

text: Spanish

text: fleet

text: was

text: destroyed

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Trafalgar

text: allowing

text: Britain

text: to

text: impose

text: a

text: naval

text: blockade

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: coasts

text: In

text: retaliation

text: Napoleon

text: established

text: the

text: Continental

text: System

text: in

text: to

text: cut

text: off

text: continental

text: trade

text: with

text: Britain

text: The

text: Fourth

text: Coalition

text: took

text: up

text: arms

text: against

text: him

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: because

text: Prussia

text: became

text: worried

text: about

text: growing

text: French

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: Napoleon

text: knocked

text: out

text: Prussia

text: at

text: the

text: battles

text: of

text: Jena

text: and

text: Auerstedt

text: then

text: turned

text: his

text: attention

text: towards

text: the

text: Russians

text: and

text: annihilated

text: them

text: in

text: June

text: at

text: Friedland

text: which

text: forced

text: the

text: Russians

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: Treaties

text: of

text: Tilsit

question: Napoleon's political power was secured by his victory at which 1800 battle?

answer: the Battle of Marengo

text: the Battle of Marengo

question: At the Concordat of 1801, Napoleon restored the religious privileges of what entity?

answer: the Catholic Church

text: the Catholic Church

question: When did the French Senate declare Napoleon Emperor?

answer: 1804

question: Napoleon's victory at which battle led to the end of the Holy Roman Empire?

answer: the Battle of Austerlitz

text: the Battle of Austerlitz

question: The results of which battle allowed the British to blockade French coasts?

answer: the Battle of Trafalgar

text: the Battle of Trafalgar


text: After completing filming on Ready Player One, while it is in its lengthy, effects-heavy post-production, he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family servant and then kidnapped from his family by the Papal States, where he was raised and trained as a priest, causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation. First announced in 2014, the book has been adapted by Tony Kushner and the film will again star Mark Rylance, as Pope Pius IX. It will be filmed in early 2017 for release at the end of that year, before Ready Player One is completed and released in 2018.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: After

text: completing

text: filming

text: on

text: Ready

text: Player

text: One

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: its

text: lengthy

text: effects

text: heavy

text: post

text: production

text: he

text: will

text: film

text: his

text: long

text: planned

text: adaptation

text: of

text: David

text: Kertzer

text: 's

text: acclaimed

text: The

text: Kidnapping

text: of

text: Edgardo

text: Mortara

text: The

text: book

text: follows

text: the

text: true

text: story

text: of

text: a

text: young

text: Jewish

text: boy

text: in

text: Italy

text: who

text: was

text: secretly

text: baptized

text: by

text: a

text: family

text: servant

text: and

text: then

text: kidnapped

text: from

text: his

text: family

text: by

text: the

text: Papal

text: States

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: raised

text: and

text: trained

text: as

text: a

text: priest

text: causing

text: international

text: outrage

text: and

text: becoming

text: a

text: media

text: sensation

text: First

text: announced

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: has

text: been

text: adapted

text: by

text: Tony

text: Kushner

text: and

text: the

text: film

text: will

text: again

text: star

text: Mark

text: Rylance

text: as

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IX

text: It

text: will

text: be

text: filmed

text: in

text: early

text: for

text: release

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: before

text: Ready

text: Player

text: One

text: is

text: completed

text: and

text: released

text: in

question: Who wrote 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'?

answer: David Kertzer

text: David Kertzer

question: When does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?

answer: 1858

question: Where does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Who plays Pope Pius IX in 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'?

answer: Mark Rylance

text: Mark Rylance

question: When is 'Ready Player One' planned to be released?

answer: 2018

question: In what year did The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara book get published?

question: In what year does most of The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara take place?

question: Who will play the family servant in The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara?

text: Mark Rylance

question: In what year did David Kertzer become a writer?

question: What was the first movie adapted by Tony Kushner?

text: Ready Player One


text: On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in reserve, hoped to launch a combined infantry and cavalry attack against the Prussian XI Corps. But by 11:00, Prussian artillery took a toll on the French while more Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield. The French cavalry, commanded by General Marguerite, launched three desperate attacks on the nearby village of Floing where the Prussian XI Corps was concentrated. Marguerite was killed leading the very first charge and the two additional charges led to nothing but heavy losses. By the end of the day, with no hope of breaking out, Napoleon III called off the attacks. The French lost over 17,000 men, killed or wounded, with 21,000 captured. The Prussians reported their losses at 2,320 killed, 5,980 wounded and 700 captured or missing. By the next day, on 2 September, Napoleon III surrendered and was taken prisoner with 104,000 of his soldiers. It was an overwhelming victory for the Prussians, for they not only captured an entire French army, but the leader of France as well. The defeat of the French at Sedan had decided the war in Prussia's favour. One French army was now immobilised and besieged in the city of Metz, and no other forces stood on French ground to prevent a German invasion. Nevertheless, the war would continue.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: battle

text: opened

text: with

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: Châlons

text: with

text: infantry

text: battalions

text: cavalry

text: squadrons

text: and

text: guns

text: attacking

text: the

text: surrounding

text: Prussian

text: Third

text: and

text: Meuse

text: Armies

text: totaling

text: infantry

text: battalions

text: cavalry

text: squadrons

text: and

text: guns

text: General

text: De

text: Wimpffen

text: the

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: V

text: Corps

text: in

text: reserve

text: hoped

text: to

text: launch

text: a

text: combined

text: infantry

text: and

text: cavalry

text: attack

text: against

text: the

text: Prussian

text: XI

text: Corps

text: But

text: by

text: Prussian

text: artillery

text: took

text: a

text: toll

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: while

text: more

text: Prussian

text: troops

text: arrived

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: The

text: French

text: cavalry

text: commanded

text: by

text: General

text: Marguerite

text: launched

text: three

text: desperate

text: attacks

text: on

text: the

text: nearby

text: village

text: of

text: Floing

text: where

text: the

text: Prussian

text: XI

text: Corps

text: was

text: concentrated

text: Marguerite

text: was

text: killed

text: leading

text: the

text: very

text: first

text: charge

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: additional

text: charges

text: led

text: to

text: nothing

text: but

text: heavy

text: losses

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: with

text: no

text: hope

text: of

text: breaking

text: out

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: called

text: off

text: the

text: attacks

text: The

text: French

text: lost

text: over

text: men

text: killed

text: or

text: wounded

text: with

text: captured

text: The

text: Prussians

text: reported

text: their

text: losses

text: at

text: killed

text: wounded

text: and

text: captured

text: or

text: missing

text: By

text: the

text: next

text: day

text: on

text: September

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: surrendered

text: and

text: was

text: taken

text: prisoner

text: with

text: of

text: his

text: soldiers

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: Prussians

text: for

text: they

text: not

text: only

text: captured

text: an

text: entire

text: French

text: army

text: but

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: France

text: as

text: well

text: The

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: at

text: Sedan

text: had

text: decided

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: favour

text: One

text: French

text: army

text: was

text: now

text: immobilised

text: and

text: besieged

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Metz

text: and

text: no

text: other

text: forces

text: stood

text: on

text: French

text: ground

text: to

text: prevent

text: a

text: German

text: invasion

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: war

text: would

text: continue

question: On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions?

answer: 1 September 1870

text: 1 September 1870

question: Who commanded the French V Corps in reserve?

answer: General De Wimpffen

text: General De Wimpffen

question: As the French were hard-hit by the Prussian artillery, what continued to show up to the battlefield?

answer: more Prussian troops

text: more Prussian troops

question: Which commander of the French calvary led three desperate attacks on Floing?

answer: General Marguerite

text: General Marguerite

question: How many casualties did the French suffer?

answer: over 17,000 men

text: over 17,000 men


text: The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus Augustus Caesar's coins were made from Cu-Pb-Sn alloys. With an estimated annual output of around 15,000 t, Roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the Industrial Revolution; the provinces most intensely mined were those of Hispania, Cyprus and in Central Europe.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: The

text: cultural

text: role

text: of

text: copper

text: has

text: been

text: important

text: particularly

text: in

text: currency

text: Romans

text: in

text: the

text: through

text: centuries

text: BC

text: used

text: copper

text: lumps

text: as

text: money

text: At

text: first

text: the

text: copper

text: itself

text: was

text: valued

text: but

text: gradually

text: the

text: shape

text: and

text: look

text: of

text: the

text: copper

text: became

text: more

text: important

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: had

text: his

text: own

text: coins

text: made

text: from

text: brass

text: while

text: Octavianus

text: Augustus

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: coins

text: were

text: made

text: from

text: Cu

text: Pb

text: Sn

text: alloys

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: annual

text: output

text: of

text: around

text: t

text: Roman

text: copper

text: mining

text: and

text: smelting

text: activities

text: reached

text: a

text: scale

text: unsurpassed

text: until

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: the

text: provinces

text: most

text: intensely

text: mined

text: were

text: those

text: of

text: Hispania

text: Cyprus

text: and

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

question: What did Romans use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuriesBC?

answer: copper lumps

text: copper lumps

question: Who had his own coins produced out of brass?

answer: Julius Caesar

text: Julius Caesar

question: During the 6th through 3rd centuries BC how much copper was mined in Rome?

answer: 15,000 t

text: 15,000 t

question: Cctavianus Augustus Caesar had his coins made out of what alloys?

answer: Cu-Pb-Sn alloys

text: Cu-Pb-Sn alloys

question: What became more important than the copper value for Roman coins?

answer: the shape and look

text: the shape and look

question: What did aliens use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC?

text: copper lumps

question: Who had his own trees produced out of brass?

text: Julius Caesar

question: How much copper was stolen in Rome during the 6th through 3rd centuries BC?

text: 15,000 t

question: What became less important than the copper value for Roman coins?

text: the shape and look


text: For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States had used these weapons operationally during World War II, and it could use them again against the Soviet Union, laying waste its cities and military centers. Since the Americans had a much larger air force than the Soviet Union, and the United States maintained advance air bases near Soviet territory, in 1947 Stalin ordered the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in order to counter the perceived American threat.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: For

text: its

text: part

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: harbored

text: fears

text: of

text: invasion

text: Having

text: suffered

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: casualties

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: after

text: being

text: invaded

text: by

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: wary

text: of

text: its

text: former

text: ally

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: until

text: late

text: was

text: the

text: sole

text: possessor

text: of

text: atomic

text: weapons

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: had

text: used

text: these

text: weapons

text: operationally

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: it

text: could

text: use

text: them

text: again

text: against

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: laying

text: waste

text: its

text: cities

text: and

text: military

text: centers

text: Since

text: the

text: Americans

text: had

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: air

text: force

text: than

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: maintained

text: advance

text: air

text: bases

text: near

text: Soviet

text: territory

text: in

text: Stalin

text: ordered

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: intercontinental

text: ballistic

text: missiles

text: ICBMs

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: counter

text: the

text: perceived

text: American

text: threat

question: How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII?

answer: 27 million

text: 27 million

question: The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year?

answer: 1941

question: Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb?

answer: 1949

question: In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs?

answer: 1947

question: What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union?

answer: air force

text: air force


text: The Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: formally

text: made

text: claim

text: to

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: in

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: that

text: they

text: ever

text: occupied

text: colonised

text: or

text: fortified

text: it

text: By

text: the

text: Dutch

text: had

text: mainly

text: abandoned

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: their

text: colony

text: at

text: the

text: Cape

text: of

text: Good

text: Hope

question: Who claimed Saint Helena in 1633?

answer: The Dutch Republic

text: The Dutch Republic

question: What year did the Dutch abandon the island?

answer: 1651

question: Which colony did the Dutch abandon the island for?

answer: Cape of Good Hope.

text: Cape of Good Hope.


text: In his role as god of prophecy and truth, Apollo had the epithets Manticus (/ˈmæntᵻkəs/ MAN-ti-kəs; Μαντικός, Mantikos, literally "prophetic"), Leschenorius (/ˌlɛskᵻˈnɔəriəs/ LES-ki-NOHR-ee-əs; Λεσχηνόριος, Leskhēnorios, from λεσχήνωρ, "converser"), and Loxias (/ˈlɒksiəs/ LOK-see-əs; Λοξίας, Loxias, from λέγειν, "to say"). The epithet "Loxias" has historically been associated with λοξός, "ambiguous". In this respect, the Romans called him Coelispex (/ˈsɛlᵻspɛks/ SEL-i-speks; from Latin coelum, "sky", and specere, "to look at"). The epithet Iatromantis (/aɪˌætrəˈmæntɪs/ eye-AT-rə-MAN-tis; Ἰατρομάντις, Iātromantis, from ἰατρός, "physician", and μάντις, "prophet") refers to both his role as a god of healing and of prophecy. As god of music and arts, Apollo had the epithet Musagetes (/mjuːˈsædʒᵻtiːz/ mew-SAJ-i-teez; Doric Μουσαγέτας, Mousāgetās) or Musegetes (/mjuːˈsɛdʒᵻtiːz/ mew-SEJ-i-teez; Μουσηγέτης, Mousēgetēs, from Μούσα, "Muse", and ἡγέτης, "leader").

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: In

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: god

text: of

text: prophecy

text: and

text: truth

text: Apollo

text: had

text: the

text: epithets

text: Manticus

text: /ˈmæntᵻkəs/

text: MAN

text: ti

text: kəs

text: Μαντικός

text: Mantikos

text: literally

text: prophetic

text: Leschenorius

text: /ˌlɛskᵻˈnɔəriəs/

text: LES

text: ki

text: NOHR

text: ee

text: əs

text: Λεσχηνόριος

text: Leskhēnorios

text: from

text: λεσχήνωρ

text: converser

text: and

text: Loxias

text: /ˈlɒksiəs/

text: LOK

text: see

text: əs

text: Λοξίας

text: Loxias

text: from

text: λέγειν

text: to

text: say

text: The

text: epithet

text: Loxias

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: λοξός

text: ambiguous

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: the

text: Romans

text: called

text: him

text: Coelispex

text: /ˈsɛlᵻspɛks/

text: SEL

text: i

text: speks

text: from

text: Latin

text: coelum

text: sky

text: and

text: specere

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: The

text: epithet

text: Iatromantis

text: /aɪˌætrəˈmæntɪs/

text: eye

text: AT

text: rə

text: MAN

text: tis

text: Ἰατρομάντις

text: Iātromantis

text: from

text: ἰατρός

text: physician

text: and

text: μάντις

text: prophet

text: refers

text: to

text: both

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: healing

text: and

text: of

text: prophecy

text: As

text: god

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: arts

text: Apollo

text: had

text: the

text: epithet

text: Musagetes

text: /mjuːˈsædʒᵻtiːz/

text: mew

text: SAJ

text: i

text: teez

text: Doric

text: Μουσαγέτας

text: Mousāgetās

text: or

text: Musegetes

text: /mjuːˈsɛdʒᵻtiːz/

text: mew

text: SEJ

text: i

text: teez

text: Μουσηγέτης

text: Mousēgetēs

text: from

text: Μούσα

text: Muse

text: and

text: ἡγέτης

text: leader

question: Which epithet has historically been associated with ambiguous?

answer: Loxias

text: Loxias

question: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of music and arts?

answer: Musagetes

text: Musagetes

question: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of prophecy and truth?

answer: Manticus

text: Manticus

question: Which epithet did Apollo have as god of healing and of prophecy?

answer: Iatromantis

text: Iatromantis


text: In the middle of the 17th century, the peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong (1606–1646) from Yan'an, Shanxi Province, nicknamed Yellow Tiger, led his peasant troop from north China to the south, and conquered Sichuan. Upon capturing it, he declared himself emperor of the Daxi Dynasty (大西王朝). In response to the resistance from local elites, he massacred a large native population. As a result of the massacre as well as years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition, the population of Sichuan fell sharply, requiring a massive resettlement of people from the neighboring Huguang Province (modern Hubei and Hunan) and other provinces during the Qing dynasty.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: In

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: peasant

text: rebel

text: leader

text: Zhang

text: Xianzhong

text: from

text: Yan'an

text: Shanxi

text: Province

text: nicknamed

text: Yellow

text: Tiger

text: led

text: his

text: peasant

text: troop

text: from

text: north

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: conquered

text: Sichuan

text: Upon

text: capturing

text: it

text: he

text: declared

text: himself

text: emperor

text: of

text: the

text: Daxi

text: Dynasty

text: 大西王朝

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: resistance

text: from

text: local

text: elites

text: he

text: massacred

text: a

text: large

text: native

text: population

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: massacre

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: years

text: of

text: turmoil

text: during

text: the

text: Ming

text: Qing

text: transition

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Sichuan

text: fell

text: sharply

text: requiring

text: a

text: massive

text: resettlement

text: of

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: neighboring

text: Huguang

text: Province

text: modern

text: Hubei

text: and

text: Hunan

text: and

text: other

text: provinces

text: during

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

question: What was the nickname rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong?

answer: Yellow Tiger

text: Yellow Tiger

question: Which region did Yellow Tiger conquer in the mid-17th century?

answer: Sichuan

text: Sichuan

question: Which dynasty did Yellow Tiger declare himself the emperor of?

answer: Daxi Dynasty

text: Daxi Dynasty

question: Which province supplied a large amount of people to the Sichuan resettlement, following years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition?

answer: Huguang Province

text: Huguang Province

question: Who lead the peasant rebelion in the mid 1700's?

text: Zhang Xianzhong

question: Where was the rebel leader born in the 16th century from?

text: Yan'an, Shanxi Province,

question: What was the nickname of the man who led the rebelion in the 1700's?

text: Yellow Tiger

question: Who conquered the Daxi Dynasty?

text: Yellow Tiger

question: During what dynasty did the population of Schuan rise sharply?

text: Daxi Dynasty

question: What was the nickname revel leader Daxi Dynasty?

text: Yellow Tiger

question: Which region did Huguang conquer in the mid-17th century?

text: Sichuan

question: Which Dynasty did Huguang declare himself an emperor of?

text: Daxi Dynasty

question: Which province supplied a large amount of troops to the Sichuan resettlement, following years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition?

text: Huguang Province

question: Why did the population of Yellow Tiger fall?


text: Schwarzenegger has had a highly successful business career. Following his move to the United States, Schwarzenegger became a "prolific goal setter" and would write his objectives at the start of the year on index cards, like starting a mail order business or buying a new car – and succeed in doing so. By the age of 30, Schwarzenegger was a millionaire, well before his career in Hollywood. His financial independence came from his success as a budding entrepreneur with a series of successful business ventures and investments.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: highly

text: successful

text: business

text: career

text: Following

text: his

text: move

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Schwarzenegger

text: became

text: a

text: prolific

text: goal

text: setter

text: and

text: would

text: write

text: his

text: objectives

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: on

text: index

text: cards

text: like

text: starting

text: a

text: mail

text: order

text: business

text: or

text: buying

text: a

text: new

text: car

text: and

text: succeed

text: in

text: doing

text: so

text: By

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: a

text: millionaire

text: well

text: before

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: His

text: financial

text: independence

text: came

text: from

text: his

text: success

text: as

text: a

text: budding

text: entrepreneur

text: with

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: successful

text: business

text: ventures

text: and

text: investments

question: Where would Schwarzenegger write down his goals?

answer: index cards

text: index cards

question: Schwarzenegger became a millionaire by what age?

answer: 30


text: In 1821, Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus. Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesise that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction. In 1843, John Couch Adams began work on the orbit of Uranus using the data he had. Via Cambridge Observatory director James Challis, he requested extra data from Sir George Airy, the Astronomer Royal, who supplied it in February 1844. Adams continued to work in 1845–46 and produced several different estimates of a new planet.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: In

text: Alexis

text: Bouvard

text: published

text: astronomical

text: tables

text: of

text: the

text: orbit

text: of

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: neighbour

text: Uranus

text: Subsequent

text: observations

text: revealed

text: substantial

text: deviations

text: from

text: the

text: tables

text: leading

text: Bouvard

text: to

text: hypothesise

text: that

text: an

text: unknown

text: body

text: was

text: perturbing

text: the

text: orbit

text: through

text: gravitational

text: interaction

text: In

text: John

text: Couch

text: Adams

text: began

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: orbit

text: of

text: Uranus

text: using

text: the

text: data

text: he

text: had

text: Via

text: Cambridge

text: Observatory

text: director

text: James

text: Challis

text: he

text: requested

text: extra

text: data

text: from

text: Sir

text: George

text: Airy

text: the

text: Astronomer

text: Royal

text: who

text: supplied

text: it

text: in

text: February

text: Adams

text: continued

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: and

text: produced

text: several

text: different

text: estimates

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: planet

question: What year did Alexis Bouvard publish relevant astronomical tables?

answer: 1821

question: What did Alexis Bouvard study?

answer: the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus

text: the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus

question: When did John Couch Adams begin working on the orbit of Uranus?

answer: 1843

question: Who gave John Couch Adams extra data?

answer: Sir George Airy

text: Sir George Airy

question: What did the extra data John Couch Adams received produce?

answer: several different estimates of a new planet

text: several different estimates of a new planet

question: What did Alexis Bouvard publish in the 18th century?

question: Who published astronomical tables of Neptunes orbit?

text: Alexis Bouvard

question: Who gave Sir George  Airy extra data?

text: John Couch Adams

question: What did Sir George Airy produce with the extra data?

question: What happened in 1831?

question: What did Alexis Bouvard teach?

text: orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus

question: When did John Couch Adams begin working on the orbit of Neptune?

question: Who took away John Couch Adams' data?

text: Sir George Airy

question: What happened in February 1855?


text: The city of Kathmandu is named after Kasthamandap temple, that stood in Durbar Square. In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter". This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. The two-storey structure was made entirely of wood, and used no iron nails nor supports. According to legend, all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree. The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Kasthamandap

text: temple

text: that

text: stood

text: in

text: Durbar

text: Square

text: In

text: Sanskrit

text: Kastha

text: काष्ठ

text: means

text: wood

text: and

text: Mandap

text: /मण्डप

text: means

text: covered

text: shelter

text: This

text: temple

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Maru

text: Satal

text: in

text: the

text: Newar

text: language

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: by

text: King

text: Laxmi

text: Narsingh

text: Malla

text: The

text: two

text: storey

text: structure

text: was

text: made

text: entirely

text: of

text: wood

text: and

text: used

text: no

text: iron

text: nails

text: nor

text: supports

text: According

text: to

text: legend

text: all

text: the

text: timber

text: used

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: pagoda

text: was

text: obtained

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: tree

text: The

text: structure

text: collapsed

text: during

text: the

text: major

text: earthquake

text: on

text: April

question: What does काष्ठ mean in English?

answer: wood

text: wood

question: What is the English translation of Mandap?

answer: covered shelter

text: covered shelter

question: What do Newar speakers call Kasthamandap temple?

answer: Maru Satal

text: Maru Satal

question: Who was responsible for the construction of Kasthamandap temple?

answer: King Laxmi Narsingh Malla

text: King Laxmi Narsingh Malla

question: On what date was Maru Satal destroyed?

answer: 25 April 2015

text: 25 April 2015


text: George Sarton, the author of The History of Science, described Ibn Sīnā as "one of the greatest thinkers and medical scholars in history" and called him "the most famous scientist of Islam and one of the most famous of all races, places, and times." He was one of the Islamic world's leading writers in the field of medicine. Along with Rhazes, Abulcasis, Ibn al-Nafis, and al-Ibadi, Ibn Sīnā is considered an important compiler of early Muslim medicine. He is remembered in the Western history of medicine as a major historical figure who made important contributions to medicine and the European Renaissance. His medical texts were unusual in that where controversy existed between Galen and Aristotle's views on medical matters (such as anatomy), he preferred to side with Aristotle, where necessary updating Aristotle's position to take into account post-Aristotelian advances in anatomical knowledge. Aristotle's dominant intellectual influence among medieval European scholars meant that Avicenna's linking of Galen's medical writings with Aristotle's philosophical writings in the Canon of Medicine (along with its comprehensive and logical organisation of knowledge) significantly increased Avicenna's importance in medieval Europe in comparison to other Islamic writers on medicine. His influence following translation of the Canon was such that from the early fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries he was ranked with Hippocrates and Galen as one of the acknowledged authorities, princeps medicorum ("prince of physicians").

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: George

text: Sarton

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: Science

text: described

text: Ibn

text: Sīnā

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: thinkers

text: and

text: medical

text: scholars

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: called

text: him

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: scientist

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: of

text: all

text: races

text: places

text: and

text: times

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: world

text: 's

text: leading

text: writers

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: medicine

text: Along

text: with

text: Rhazes

text: Abulcasis

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Nafis

text: and

text: al

text: Ibadi

text: Ibn

text: Sīnā

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: important

text: compiler

text: of

text: early

text: Muslim

text: medicine

text: He

text: is

text: remembered

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: history

text: of

text: medicine

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: historical

text: figure

text: who

text: made

text: important

text: contributions

text: to

text: medicine

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Renaissance

text: His

text: medical

text: texts

text: were

text: unusual

text: in

text: that

text: where

text: controversy

text: existed

text: between

text: Galen

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: views

text: on

text: medical

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: anatomy

text: he

text: preferred

text: to

text: side

text: with

text: Aristotle

text: where

text: necessary

text: updating

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: position

text: to

text: take

text: into

text: account

text: post

text: Aristotelian

text: advances

text: in

text: anatomical

text: knowledge

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: dominant

text: intellectual

text: influence

text: among

text: medieval

text: European

text: scholars

text: meant

text: that

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: linking

text: of

text: Galen

text: 's

text: medical

text: writings

text: with

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: philosophical

text: writings

text: in

text: the

text: Canon

text: of

text: Medicine

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: comprehensive

text: and

text: logical

text: organisation

text: of

text: knowledge

text: significantly

text: increased

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: importance

text: in

text: medieval

text: Europe

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: other

text: Islamic

text: writers

text: on

text: medicine

text: His

text: influence

text: following

text: translation

text: of

text: the

text: Canon

text: was

text: such

text: that

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: fourteenth

text: to

text: the

text: mid

text: sixteenth

text: centuries

text: he

text: was

text: ranked

text: with

text: Hippocrates

text: and

text: Galen

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: acknowledged

text: authorities

text: princeps

text: medicorum

text: prince

text: of

text: physicians

question: Who said that Ibn Sina was one of the greatest thinkers?

answer: George Sarton

text: George Sarton

question: What did George Sarton write?

answer: The History of Science

text: The History of Science

question: Ibn Sina was described as the most famous scientist in what religion?

answer: Islam

text: Islam

question: Who is another leading Islamic figure in medicine?

answer: Abulcasis

text: Abulcasis

question: During what centuries was Ibn Sina ranked among such medical greats as Hippocrates?

answer: early fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries

text: early fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth centuries

question: Who said that Ibn Sina was one of the weakest thinkers?

text: George Sarton

question: What did George Sarton read?

text: The History of Science

question: Ibn Sina was described as the least famous scientist in what religion?

text: Islamic

question: Who is another unimportant Islamic figure in medicine?

text: Abulcasis

question: During what centuries was Ibn Sina not ranked among such medical greats as Hippocrates?


text: There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, airlines and cemeteries. While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking (which dogs do to establish territory through scent), became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog. Dog training books, classes and television programs proliferated as the process of commodifying the pet dog continued.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: vast

text: range

text: of

text: commodity

text: forms

text: available

text: to

text: transform

text: a

text: pet

text: dog

text: into

text: an

text: ideal

text: companion

text: The

text: list

text: of

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: places

text: available

text: is

text: enormous

text: from

text: dog

text: perfumes

text: couture

text: furniture

text: and

text: housing

text: to

text: dog

text: groomers

text: therapists

text: trainers

text: and

text: caretakers

text: dog

text: cafes

text: spas

text: parks

text: and

text: beaches

text: and

text: dog

text: hotels

text: airlines

text: and

text: cemeteries

text: While

text: dog

text: training

text: as

text: an

text: organized

text: activity

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: became

text: a

text: high

text: profile

text: issue

text: as

text: many

text: normal

text: dog

text: behaviors

text: such

text: as

text: barking

text: jumping

text: up

text: digging

text: rolling

text: in

text: dung

text: fighting

text: and

text: urine

text: marking

text: which

text: dogs

text: do

text: to

text: establish

text: territory

text: through

text: scent

text: became

text: increasingly

text: incompatible

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: role

text: of

text: a

text: pet

text: dog

text: Dog

text: training

text: books

text: classes

text: and

text: television

text: programs

text: proliferated

text: as

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: commodifying

text: the

text: pet

text: dog

text: continued

question: It is easy to turn a canine into the perfect companion because so much of what is available?

answer: commodity forms

text: commodity forms

question: Dog training can be researched back to what century?

answer: 18th

question: How do dogs establish their territory as far as scent is concerned?

answer: urine marking

text: urine marking

question: How far back can dog training be found?

answer: 18th century

text: 18th century

question: How do dogs mark their territory?

answer: urine marking

text: urine marking

question: What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping?

answer: training

text: training


text: With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sureños.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: With

text: regards

text: to

text: Mexican

text: drug

text: cartels

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: has

text: traditionally

text: been

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: notorious

text: Juárez

text: Cartel

text: but

text: the

text: Sinaloa

text: Cartel

text: has

text: been

text: reported

text: as

text: trying

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: foothold

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: rival

text: gangs

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: one

text: whose

text: headquarters

text: has

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: Southside

text: Locos

text: traditionally

text: known

text: as

text: Sureños

question: What cartel has been known to be in Oklahoma city?

answer: Juárez Cartel

text: Juárez Cartel


text: The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at various values typically between 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. However, particularly intense near-IR light (e.g., from IR lasers, IR LED sources, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be perceived as red light. Sources providing wavelengths as long as 1050 nm can be seen as a dull red glow in intense sources, causing some difficulty in near-IR illumination of scenes in the dark (usually this practical problem is solved by indirect illumination). Leaves are particularly bright in the near IR, and if all visible light leaks from around an IR-filter are blocked, and the eye is given a moment to adjust to the extremely dim image coming through a visually opaque IR-passing photographic filter, it is possible to see the Wood effect that consists of IR-glowing foliage.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: The

text: onset

text: of

text: infrared

text: is

text: defined

text: according

text: to

text: different

text: standards

text: at

text: various

text: values

text: typically

text: between

text: nm

text: and

text: nm

text: but

text: the

text: boundary

text: between

text: visible

text: and

text: infrared

text: light

text: is

text: not

text: precisely

text: defined

text: The

text: human

text: eye

text: is

text: markedly

text: less

text: sensitive

text: to

text: light

text: above

text: nm

text: wavelength

text: so

text: longer

text: wavelengths

text: make

text: insignificant

text: contributions

text: to

text: scenes

text: illuminated

text: by

text: common

text: light

text: sources

text: However

text: particularly

text: intense

text: near

text: IR

text: light

text: e.g.

text: from

text: IR

text: lasers

text: IR

text: LED

text: sources

text: or

text: from

text: bright

text: daylight

text: with

text: the

text: visible

text: light

text: removed

text: by

text: colored

text: gels

text: can

text: be

text: detected

text: up

text: to

text: approximately

text: nm

text: and

text: will

text: be

text: perceived

text: as

text: red

text: light

text: Sources

text: providing

text: wavelengths

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: nm

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: dull

text: red

text: glow

text: in

text: intense

text: sources

text: causing

text: some

text: difficulty

text: in

text: near

text: IR

text: illumination

text: of

text: scenes

text: in

text: the

text: dark

text: usually

text: this

text: practical

text: problem

text: is

text: solved

text: by

text: indirect

text: illumination

text: Leaves

text: are

text: particularly

text: bright

text: in

text: the

text: near

text: IR

text: and

text: if

text: all

text: visible

text: light

text: leaks

text: from

text: around

text: an

text: IR

text: filter

text: are

text: blocked

text: and

text: the

text: eye

text: is

text: given

text: a

text: moment

text: to

text: adjust

text: to

text: the

text: extremely

text: dim

text: image

text: coming

text: through

text: a

text: visually

text: opaque

text: IR

text: passing

text: photographic

text: filter

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: Wood

text: effect

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: IR

text: glowing

text: foliage

question: At what wavelength does the human eye become significantly less sensitive to light?

answer: 700 nm

text: 700 nm

question: What sort of light is generated by IR lasers?

answer: near-IR

text: near-IR

question: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive IR LED sources as red?

answer: 780 nm

text: 780 nm

question: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive certain intense lights as being dull red in color?

answer: 1050 nm

text: 1050 nm

question: What objects are notably bright in near IR?

answer: Leaves

text: Leaves

question: What is the defined boundary between visible and infrared light?

question: At what wavelength does the human eye perceive red light?

question: What light is generated by an IR-passing photographic filter?

text: near-IR

question: What objects are hard to see if all visible light leaks are blocked?

text: Leaves

question: What value measures wavelengths as long as 1050?

text: The onset of infrared


text: Agriculture is a relatively small component of the state's economy and varies greatly due to the varying climate across the state. The state ranked first in Mexico for the production of the following crops: oats, chile verde, cotton, apples, pecans, and membrillo. The state has an important dairy industry with large milk processors throughout the state. Delicias is home to Alpura, the second-largest dairy company in Mexico. The state has a large logging industry ranking second in oak and third in pine in Mexico. The mining industry is a small but continues to produce large amounts of minerals. The state ranked first place in the country for the production of lead with 53,169 metric tons. Chihuahua ranked second in Mexico for zinc at 150,211 metric tons, silver at 580,271 kg, and gold at 15,221.8 kg.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: Agriculture

text: is

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: economy

text: and

text: varies

text: greatly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: varying

text: climate

text: across

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: state

text: ranked

text: first

text: in

text: Mexico

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: crops

text: oats

text: chile

text: verde

text: cotton

text: apples

text: pecans

text: and

text: membrillo

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: an

text: important

text: dairy

text: industry

text: with

text: large

text: milk

text: processors

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: Delicias

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Alpura

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: dairy

text: company

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: logging

text: industry

text: ranking

text: second

text: in

text: oak

text: and

text: third

text: in

text: pine

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: mining

text: industry

text: is

text: a

text: small

text: but

text: continues

text: to

text: produce

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: minerals

text: The

text: state

text: ranked

text: first

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: lead

text: with

text: metric

text: tons

text: Chihuahua

text: ranked

text: second

text: in

text: Mexico

text: for

text: zinc

text: at

text: metric

text: tons

text: silver

text: at

text: kg

text: and

text: gold

text: at

text: kg

question: Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what?

answer: climate

text: climate

question: Which fruit does the state rank first in production?

answer: apples

text: apples

question: The state produces lots of dairy which large processors of what dairy product?

answer: milk

text: milk

question: The state ranks second in the production of what type of wood?

answer: oak

text: oak

question: The state ranked second with over 150,000 metric tons of what metal?

answer: zinc

text: zinc


text: As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects). The job of testing is an iterative process as when one bug is fixed, it can illuminate other, deeper bugs, or can even create new ones.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: As

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: possible

text: tests

text: for

text: even

text: simple

text: software

text: components

text: is

text: practically

text: infinite

text: all

text: software

text: testing

text: uses

text: some

text: strategy

text: to

text: select

text: tests

text: that

text: are

text: feasible

text: for

text: the

text: available

text: time

text: and

text: resources

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: software

text: testing

text: typically

text: but

text: not

text: exclusively

text: attempts

text: to

text: execute

text: a

text: program

text: or

text: application

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: finding

text: software

text: bugs

text: errors

text: or

text: other

text: defects

text: The

text: job

text: of

text: testing

text: is

text: an

text: iterative

text: process

text: as

text: when

text: one

text: bug

text: is

text: fixed

text: it

text: can

text: illuminate

text: other

text: deeper

text: bugs

text: or

text: can

text: even

text: create

text: new

text: ones

question: What is the purpose of testing software?

answer: finding software bugs

text: finding software bugs

question: Why is it so difficult to locate bugs in software?

answer: tests for even simple software components is practically infinite

text: tests for even simple software components is practically infinite

question: What can come from one bug being fixed?

answer: it can illuminate other, deeper bugs,

text: it can illuminate other, deeper bugs,

question: What is the number of tests for complex software components?

text: practically infinite

question: Firmware testing uses strategy to accomplish what?

question: software testing attempts to eliminate a program for what reason?

question: The job of testing is called what type of progress?

text: iterative

question: What are some complications of not fixing bugs?


text: In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (13.0%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. An estimated 21–24% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed "English" or "mostly English" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: In

text: the

text: five

text: most

text: common

text: self

text: reported

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: were

text: American

text: African

text: American

text: Irish

text: English

text: and

text: German

text: Most

text: Tennesseans

text: who

text: self

text: identify

text: as

text: having

text: American

text: ancestry

text: are

text: of

text: English

text: and

text: Scotch

text: Irish

text: ancestry

text: An

text: estimated

text: of

text: Tennesseans

text: are

text: of

text: predominantly

text: English

text: ancestry

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: Tennesseans

text: claimed

text: English

text: or

text: mostly

text: English

text: ancestry

text: out

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: them

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: at

text: the

text: time

question: What was Tennessee's most common self-reported ethnic group in 2000?

answer: American

text: American

question: What percent of Tennessee residents self-reported their ethnic group as Irish in 2000?

answer: 9.3%

question: Which European ancestries are most common among self-identified ethnic "Americans" in Tennessee?

answer: English and Scotch-Irish

text: English and Scotch-Irish

question: What European national ancestry was claimed by 45% of Tennessee residents in 1980?

answer: English

text: English

question: What was Tennessee's population in 1980?

answer: 3,221,354


text: Dorgon's controversial July 1645 edict (the "haircutting order") forced adult Han Chinese men to shave the front of their heads and comb the remaining hair into the queue hairstyle which was worn by Manchu men, on pain of death. The popular description of the order was: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair." To the Manchus, this policy was a test of loyalty and an aid in distinguishing friend from foe. For the Han Chinese, however, it was a humiliating reminder of Qing authority that challenged traditional Confucian values. The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing) held that "a person's body and hair, being gifts from one's parents, are not to be damaged." Under the Ming dynasty, adult men did not cut their hair but instead wore it in the form of a top-knot. The order triggered strong resistance to Qing rule in Jiangnan and massive killing of ethnic Han Chinese. It was Han Chinese defectors who carried out massacres against people refusing to wear the queue.. Li Chengdong, a Han Chinese general who had served the Ming but surrendered to the Qing, ordered his Han troops to carry out three separate massacres in the city of Jiading within a month, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. At the end of the third massacre, there was hardly any living person left in this city. Jiangyin also held out against about 10,000 Han Chinese Qing troops for 83 days. When the city wall was finally breached on 9 October 1645, the Han Chinese Qing army led by the Han Chinese Ming defector Liu Liangzuo (劉良佐), who had been ordered to "fill the city with corpses before you sheathe your swords," massacred the entire population, killing between 74,000 and 100,000 people. The queue was the only aspect of Manchu culture which the Qing forced on the common Han population. The Qing required people serving as officials to wear Manchu clothing, but allowed non-official Han civilians to continue wearing Hanfu (Han clothing).

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Dorgon

text: 's

text: controversial

text: July

text: edict

text: the

text: haircutting

text: order

text: forced

text: adult

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: men

text: to

text: shave

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: their

text: heads

text: and

text: comb

text: the

text: remaining

text: hair

text: into

text: the

text: queue

text: hairstyle

text: which

text: was

text: worn

text: by

text: Manchu

text: men

text: on

text: pain

text: of

text: death

text: The

text: popular

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: was

text: To

text: keep

text: the

text: hair

text: you

text: lose

text: the

text: head

text: To

text: keep

text: your

text: head

text: you

text: cut

text: the

text: hair

text: To

text: the

text: Manchus

text: this

text: policy

text: was

text: a

text: test

text: of

text: loyalty

text: and

text: an

text: aid

text: in

text: distinguishing

text: friend

text: from

text: foe

text: For

text: the

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: however

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: humiliating

text: reminder

text: of

text: Qing

text: authority

text: that

text: challenged

text: traditional

text: Confucian

text: values

text: The

text: Classic

text: of

text: Filial

text: Piety

text: Xiaojing

text: held

text: that

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: body

text: and

text: hair

text: being

text: gifts

text: from

text: one

text: 's

text: parents

text: are

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: damaged

text: Under

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: adult

text: men

text: did

text: not

text: cut

text: their

text: hair

text: but

text: instead

text: wore

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: top

text: knot

text: The

text: order

text: triggered

text: strong

text: resistance

text: to

text: Qing

text: rule

text: in

text: Jiangnan

text: and

text: massive

text: killing

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: It

text: was

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: defectors

text: who

text: carried

text: out

text: massacres

text: against

text: people

text: refusing

text: to

text: wear

text: the

text: queue

text: Li

text: Chengdong

text: a

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: general

text: who

text: had

text: served

text: the

text: Ming

text: but

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: Qing

text: ordered

text: his

text: Han

text: troops

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: three

text: separate

text: massacres

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jiading

text: within

text: a

text: month

text: resulting

text: in

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: deaths

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: massacre

text: there

text: was

text: hardly

text: any

text: living

text: person

text: left

text: in

text: this

text: city

text: Jiangyin

text: also

text: held

text: out

text: against

text: about

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: Qing

text: troops

text: for

text: days

text: When

text: the

text: city

text: wall

text: was

text: finally

text: breached

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: Qing

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: Ming

text: defector

text: Liu

text: Liangzuo

text: 劉良佐

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: ordered

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: corpses

text: before

text: you

text: sheathe

text: your

text: swords

text: massacred

text: the

text: entire

text: population

text: killing

text: between

text: and

text: people

text: The

text: queue

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: aspect

text: of

text: Manchu

text: culture

text: which

text: the

text: Qing

text: forced

text: on

text: the

text: common

text: Han

text: population

text: The

text: Qing

text: required

text: people

text: serving

text: as

text: officials

text: to

text: wear

text: Manchu

text: clothing

text: but

text: allowed

text: non

text: official

text: Han

text: civilians

text: to

text: continue

text: wearing

text: Hanfu

text: Han

text: clothing

question: What did Dorgon declare in July of 1645?

answer: the "haircutting order")

text: the "haircutting order")

question: What was the peoples description of the haircutting order?

answer: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair."

text: "To keep the hair, you lose the head; To keep your head, you cut the hair."

question: How did the Ming's typically wear their hair>

answer: top-knot

text: top-knot

question: What city was massacred for not wearing the proper haircut?

answer: Jiading

text: Jiading