text: Brazil's Atlantic Forest is considered one such hotspot, containing roughly 20,000 plant species, 1,350 vertebrates, and millions of insects, about half of which occur nowhere else.[citation needed] The island of Madagascar and India are also particularly notable. Colombia is characterized by high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide and it has the largest number of endemics (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) of any country. About 10% of the species of the Earth can be found in Colombia, including over 1,900 species of bird, more than in Europe and North America combined, Colombia has 10% of the world’s mammals species, 14% of the amphibian species, and 18% of the bird species of the world. Madagascar dry deciduous forests and lowland rainforests possess a high ratio of endemism.[citation needed] Since the island separated from mainland Africa 66 million years ago, many species and ecosystems have evolved independently.[citation needed] Indonesia's 17,000 islands cover 735,355 square miles (1,904,560 km2) and contain 10% of the world's flowering plants, 12% of mammals, and 17% of reptiles, amphibians and birds—along with nearly 240 million people. Many regions of high biodiversity and/or endemism arise from specialized habitats which require unusual adaptations, for example, alpine environments in high mountains, or Northern European peat bogs.[citation needed]

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Brazil

text: 's

text: Atlantic

text: Forest

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: such

text: hotspot

text: containing

text: roughly

text: plant

text: species

text: vertebrates

text: and

text: millions

text: of

text: insects

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: which

text: occur

text: nowhere

text: else.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: India

text: are

text: also

text: particularly

text: notable

text: Colombia

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: high

text: biodiversity

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: rate

text: of

text: species

text: by

text: area

text: unit

text: worldwide

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: endemics

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: found

text: naturally

text: anywhere

text: else

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: About

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Colombia

text: including

text: over

text: species

text: of

text: bird

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: combined

text: Colombia

text: has

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: mammals

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: amphibian

text: species

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: bird

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Madagascar

text: dry

text: deciduous

text: forests

text: and

text: lowland

text: rainforests

text: possess

text: a

text: high

text: ratio

text: of

text: endemism.[citation

text: needed

text: Since

text: the

text: island

text: separated

text: from

text: mainland

text: Africa

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: many

text: species

text: and

text: ecosystems

text: have

text: evolved

text: independently.[citation

text: needed

text: Indonesia

text: 's

text: islands

text: cover

text: square

text: miles

text: and

text: contain

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: flowering

text: plants

text: of

text: mammals

text: and

text: of

text: reptiles

text: amphibians

text: and

text: birds

text: along

text: with

text: nearly

text: million

text: people

text: Many

text: regions

text: of

text: high

text: biodiversity

text: and/or

text: endemism

text: arise

text: from

text: specialized

text: habitats

text: which

text: require

text: unusual

text: adaptations

text: for

text: example

text: alpine

text: environments

text: in

text: high

text: mountains

text: or

text: Northern

text: European

text: peat

text: bogs.[citation

text: needed

question: How many plant species does Brazil's Atlantic Forest contain?

answer: 20,000 plant species

text: 20,000 plant species

question: How many vertebrates does Brazil's Atlantic Forest contain?

answer: 1,350 vertebrates

text: 1,350 vertebrates

question: Which country has the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide?

answer: Colombia

text: Colombia

question: Which country has about 10% of the species on Earth?

answer: Colombia

text: Colombia

question: What island separated from mainland Africa 66 million years ago?

answer: Madagascar

text: Madagascar

question: How many plant species does Africa contain?

text: 20,000 plant species

question: How many vertebrates does Africa contain?

text: 1,350 vertebrates,

question: Which country has the highest rate of mammals by area unit worldwide?

text: Colombia

question: Which country has about 12 percent of the species on Earth?

text: Colombia

question: What island separated from Africa 240 million years ago?

text: Madagascar


text: Note: Besides ethnic groups, Slavs often identify themselves with the local geographical region in which they live. Some of the major regional South Slavic groups include: Zagorci in northern Croatia, Istrijani in westernmost Croatia, Dalmatinci in southern Croatia, Boduli in Adriatic islands, Vlaji in hinterland of Dalmatia, Slavonci in eastern Croatia, Bosanci in Bosnia, Hercegovci in Herzegovina, Krajišnici in western Bosnia, but is more commonly used to refer to the Serbs of Croatia, most of whom are descendants of the Grenzers, and continued to live in the area which made up the Military Frontier until the Croatian war of independence, Semberci in northeast Bosnia, Srbijanci in Serbia proper, Šumadinci in central Serbia, Vojvođani in northern Serbia, Sremci in Syrmia, Bačvani in northwest Vojvodina, Banaćani in Banat, Sandžaklije (Muslims in Serbia/Montenegro border), Kosovci in Kosovo, Bokelji in southwest Montenegro, Trakiytsi in Upper Thracian Lowlands, Dobrudzhantsi in north-east Bulgarian region, Balkandzhii in Central Balkan Mountains, Miziytsi in north Bulgarian region, Warmiaks and Masurians in north-east Polish regions Warmia and Mazuria, Pirintsi in Blagoevgrad Province, Ruptsi in the Rhodopes etc.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Note

text: Besides

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Slavs

text: often

text: identify

text: themselves

text: with

text: the

text: local

text: geographical

text: region

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: live

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: regional

text: South

text: Slavic

text: groups

text: include

text: Zagorci

text: in

text: northern

text: Croatia

text: Istrijani

text: in

text: westernmost

text: Croatia

text: Dalmatinci

text: in

text: southern

text: Croatia

text: Boduli

text: in

text: Adriatic

text: islands

text: Vlaji

text: in

text: hinterland

text: of

text: Dalmatia

text: Slavonci

text: in

text: eastern

text: Croatia

text: Bosanci

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: Hercegovci

text: in

text: Herzegovina

text: Krajišnici

text: in

text: western

text: Bosnia

text: but

text: is

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Serbs

text: of

text: Croatia

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: Grenzers

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: which

text: made

text: up

text: the

text: Military

text: Frontier

text: until

text: the

text: Croatian

text: war

text: of

text: independence

text: Semberci

text: in

text: northeast

text: Bosnia

text: Srbijanci

text: in

text: Serbia

text: proper

text: Šumadinci

text: in

text: central

text: Serbia

text: Vojvođani

text: in

text: northern

text: Serbia

text: Sremci

text: in

text: Syrmia

text: Bačvani

text: in

text: northwest

text: Vojvodina

text: Banaćani

text: in

text: Banat

text: Sandžaklije

text: Muslims

text: in

text: Serbia

text: Montenegro

text: border

text: Kosovci

text: in

text: Kosovo

text: Bokelji

text: in

text: southwest

text: Montenegro

text: Trakiytsi

text: in

text: Upper

text: Thracian

text: Lowlands

text: Dobrudzhantsi

text: in

text: north

text: east

text: Bulgarian

text: region

text: Balkandzhii

text: in

text: Central

text: Balkan

text: Mountains

text: Miziytsi

text: in

text: north

text: Bulgarian

text: region

text: Warmiaks

text: and

text: Masurians

text: in

text: north

text: east

text: Polish

text: regions

text: Warmia

text: and

text: Mazuria

text: Pirintsi

text: in

text: Blagoevgrad

text: Province

text: Ruptsi

text: in

text: the

text: Rhodopes

text: etc

question: Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who?

answer: the Grenzers

text: the Grenzers

question: Where are Zagorci located?

answer: northern Croatia

text: northern Croatia

question: Where are Istrijani located?

answer: westernmost Croatia

text: westernmost Croatia

question: Where are Boduli located?

answer: Adriatic islands

text: Adriatic islands

question: Where are Vlaji located?

answer: hinterland of Dalmatia

text: hinterland of Dalmatia

question: What is the only way Slavs identify?

text: ethnic groups

question: What are slavs called in central Croatia?

text: Istrijani

question: Who are the Vlaji descendants of?

text: Grenzers

question: When did western Bosnia become the Military Frontier?

text: the Croatian war of independence

question: What are the names of the cities in the north Bulgarian region?

text: Warmia and Mazuria


text: The liberal political forces maintained strong control over the state government until shortly after the French Intervention which turned the tables in favor to the conservative forces once again. The intervention had serious repercussions for the state of Chihuahua. President Juárez, in an effort to organize a strong defense against the French, decreed a list of national guard units that every state had to contribute to the Ministry of War and the Navy; Chihuahua was responsible for inducting 2,000 men. Regaining power, Governor Luis Terrazas assigned the First Battalion of Chihuahua for integration into the national army led by General Jesús González Ortega; the battalion was deployed to Puebla. After the defeat of the army in Puebla, the Juárez administration was forced to abandon Mexico City; the president retreated further north seeking refuge in the state of Chihuahua.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: liberal

text: political

text: forces

text: maintained

text: strong

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: government

text: until

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: French

text: Intervention

text: which

text: turned

text: the

text: tables

text: in

text: favor

text: to

text: the

text: conservative

text: forces

text: once

text: again

text: The

text: intervention

text: had

text: serious

text: repercussions

text: for

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: President

text: Juárez

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: organize

text: a

text: strong

text: defense

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: decreed

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: national

text: guard

text: units

text: that

text: every

text: state

text: had

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Navy

text: Chihuahua

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: inducting

text: men

text: Regaining

text: power

text: Governor

text: Luis

text: Terrazas

text: assigned

text: the

text: First

text: Battalion

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: for

text: integration

text: into

text: the

text: national

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: General

text: Jesús

text: González

text: Ortega

text: the

text: battalion

text: was

text: deployed

text: to

text: Puebla

text: After

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: in

text: Puebla

text: the

text: Juárez

text: administration

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: abandon

text: Mexico

text: City

text: the

text: president

text: retreated

text: further

text: north

text: seeking

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

question: Which political forces maintained strong control over the state until shortly after French intervention?

answer: liberal

text: liberal

question: The intervention had serious consequences for which state?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua

question: Who made an effort to organize a strong defense against the French?

answer: President Juárez

text: President Juárez

question: Who assigned the First Battalion of Chihuahua for integration into the army?

answer: Governor Luis Terrazas

text: Governor Luis Terrazas

question: To where was the battalion first deployed?

answer: Puebla

text: Puebla


text: The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define. The 20th century calendar period (1901–2000) includes most of the early modern musical era (1890–1930), the entire high modern (mid 20th-century), and the first 25 years of the contemporary or postmodern musical era (1975–current). The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: major

text: time

text: divisions

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: up

text: to

text: are

text: the

text: early

text: music

text: period

text: which

text: includes

text: Medieval

text: and

text: Renaissance

text: eras

text: and

text: the

text: Common

text: practice

text: period

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Baroque

text: Classical

text: and

text: Romantic

text: eras

text: Since

text: classical

text: periods

text: have

text: been

text: reckoned

text: more

text: by

text: calendar

text: century

text: than

text: by

text: particular

text: stylistic

text: movements

text: that

text: have

text: become

text: fragmented

text: and

text: difficult

text: to

text: define

text: The

text: century

text: calendar

text: period

text: includes

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: musical

text: era

text: the

text: entire

text: high

text: modern

text: mid

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: contemporary

text: or

text: postmodern

text: musical

text: era

text: The

text: century

text: has

text: so

text: far

text: been

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: contemporary

text: postmodern

text: musical

text: era

question: What period was from 500-1400?

answer: Medieval

text: Medieval

question: What years dictate the Baroque period?

answer: 1600–1750

question: How have periods been reckoned Since 1900?

answer: by calendar century

text: by calendar century

question: What era has the 21st century has been characterized by?

answer: the contemporary/postmodern musical era

text: the contemporary/postmodern musical era

question: The years 1804-1910 marked what era?

answer: Romantic

text: Romantic


text: Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In general, inbreeding is avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness (inbreeding depression) due largely to the homozygous expression of deleterious recessive alleles. Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals ordinarily leads to the masking of deleterious recessive alleles in progeny.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Cooperative

text: breeding

text: in

text: birds

text: typically

text: occurs

text: when

text: offspring

text: usually

text: males

text: delay

text: dispersal

text: from

text: their

text: natal

text: group

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: remain

text: with

text: the

text: family

text: to

text: help

text: rear

text: younger

text: kin

text: Female

text: offspring

text: rarely

text: stay

text: at

text: home

text: dispersing

text: over

text: distances

text: that

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: breed

text: independently

text: or

text: to

text: join

text: unrelated

text: groups

text: In

text: general

text: inbreeding

text: is

text: avoided

text: because

text: it

text: leads

text: to

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: progeny

text: fitness

text: inbreeding

text: depression

text: due

text: largely

text: to

text: the

text: homozygous

text: expression

text: of

text: deleterious

text: recessive

text: alleles

text: Cross

text: fertilization

text: between

text: unrelated

text: individuals

text: ordinarily

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: masking

text: of

text: deleterious

text: recessive

text: alleles

text: in

text: progeny

question: What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group?

answer: Cooperative breeding

text: Cooperative breeding

question: What leads to the masking of deleterious recesive alleles in progeny?

answer: Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals

text: Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals

question: Why is inbreeding avoided?

answer: because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness

text: because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness


text: In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria).

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Russian

text: was

text: mandatorily

text: taught

text: in

text: the

text: schools

text: of

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: that

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: satellites

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: In

text: particular

text: these

text: countries

text: include

text: Poland

text: Bulgaria

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: Hungary

text: Albania

text: former

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: Cuba

text: However

text: younger

text: generations

text: are

text: usually

text: not

text: fluent

text: in

text: it

text: because

text: Russian

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: mandatory

text: in

text: the

text: school

text: system

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Eurobarometer

text: survey

text: though

text: fluency

text: in

text: Russian

text: remains

text: fairly

text: high

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: in

text: particular

text: those

text: where

text: the

text: people

text: speak

text: a

text: Slavic

text: language

text: and

text: thereby

text: have

text: an

text: edge

text: in

text: learning

text: Russian

text: namely

text: Poland

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: Bulgaria

question: What pact contained many Russian-speaking countries?

answer: Warsaw Pact

text: Warsaw Pact

question: Where was Russian schooling mandatory in the 20th century?

answer: Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba

text: Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba

question: Which countries speak other Slavic languages?

answer: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria

text: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria

question: What pact was formed by Cuba?

text: Warsaw Pact

question: What three countries are former satellites of East Germany?

text: Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic

question: Where is Polish no longer mandatory?

text: in the school system

question: What is the fluency in Polish in some countries according to the Eurobarometer?

text: fairly high (20–40%)


text: New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: New

text: Delhi

text: has

text: been

text: selected

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: hundred

text: Indian

text: cities

text: to

text: be

text: developed

text: as

text: a

text: smart

text: city

text: under

text: PM

text: Narendra

text: Modi

text: 's

text: flagship

text: Smart

text: Cities

text: Mission

question: How many Indian cities have been selected to be developed as a smart city?

answer: hundred

text: hundred

question: What is the name of the mission to develop Indian smart cities?

answer: Smart Cities Mission

text: Smart Cities Mission

question: Who is responsible for India's smart city initiative?

answer: PM Narendra Modi

text: PM Narendra Modi

question: What is one Indian city that has been selected to be developed as a smart city?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi


text: The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that killed off all other dinosaurs. Birds in South America survived this event and then migrated to other parts of the world via multiple land bridges while diversifying during periods of global cooling. Primitive bird-like dinosaurs that lie outside class Aves proper, in the broader group Avialae, have been found dating back to the mid-Jurassic period. Many of these early "stem-birds", such as Archaeopteryx, were not yet capable of fully powered flight, and many retained primitive characteristics like toothy jaws in place of beaks, and long bony tails.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: fossil

text: record

text: indicates

text: that

text: birds

text: are

text: the

text: last

text: surviving

text: dinosaurs

text: having

text: evolved

text: from

text: feathered

text: ancestors

text: within

text: the

text: theropod

text: group

text: of

text: saurischian

text: dinosaurs

text: True

text: birds

text: first

text: appeared

text: during

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: period

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: DNA

text: based

text: evidence

text: finds

text: that

text: birds

text: diversified

text: dramatically

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Paleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: that

text: killed

text: off

text: all

text: other

text: dinosaurs

text: Birds

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: survived

text: this

text: event

text: and

text: then

text: migrated

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: via

text: multiple

text: land

text: bridges

text: while

text: diversifying

text: during

text: periods

text: of

text: global

text: cooling

text: Primitive

text: bird

text: like

text: dinosaurs

text: that

text: lie

text: outside

text: class

text: Aves

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: broader

text: group

text: Avialae

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: mid

text: Jurassic

text: period

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: early

text: stem

text: birds

text: such

text: as

text: Archaeopteryx

text: were

text: not

text: yet

text: capable

text: of

text: fully

text: powered

text: flight

text: and

text: many

text: retained

text: primitive

text: characteristics

text: like

text: toothy

text: jaws

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: beaks

text: and

text: long

text: bony

text: tails

question: What are the last surviving dinosaurs, according o the fossil record?

answer: birds

text: birds

question: When did true birds first appear?

answer: Cretaceous period

text: Cretaceous period

question: Name an example of an early stem-bird.

answer: Archaeopteryx

text: Archaeopteryx


text: Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Italian

text: unification

text: was

text: the

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: movement

text: that

text: annexed

text: different

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: peninsula

text: into

text: the

text: single

text: state

text: of

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: exact

text: dates

text: for

text: the

text: beginning

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: but

text: many

text: scholars

text: agree

text: that

text: the

text: process

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Napoleonic

text: rule

text: and

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: in

text: and

text: approximately

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: in

text: though

text: the

text: last

text: città

text: irredente

text: did

text: not

text: join

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Italy

text: until

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: I.

question: What is Italian Unification?

answer: social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy

text: social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy

question: When did the Italian Unification occur?

answer: in the 19th century

text: in the 19th century

question: In what year do most  Scholars agree the Italian Unification began?

answer: 1815

question: In what year do most  Scholars agree the Italian Unification ended?

answer: 1871

question: After what event did the last citta irredente join Italy?

answer: World War I.

text: World War I.


text: Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: 's

text: reputation

text: for

text: poor

text: customer

text: service

text: since

text: which

text: was

text: exacerbated

text: as

text: it

text: moved

text: call

text: centres

text: offshore

text: and

text: as

text: its

text: growth

text: outstripped

text: its

text: technical

text: support

text: infrastructure

text: came

text: under

text: increasing

text: scrutiny

text: on

text: the

text: Web

text: The

text: original

text: Dell

text: model

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: high

text: customer

text: satisfaction

text: when

text: PCs

text: sold

text: for

text: thousands

text: but

text: by

text: the

text: the

text: company

text: could

text: not

text: justify

text: that

text: level

text: of

text: service

text: when

text: computers

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: lineup

text: sold

text: for

text: hundreds

text: Rollins

text: responded

text: by

text: shifting

text: Dick

text: Hunter

text: from

text: head

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: to

text: head

text: of

text: customer

text: service

text: Hunter

text: who

text: noted

text: that

text: Dell

text: 's

text: DNA

text: of

text: cost

text: cutting

text: got

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: aimed

text: to

text: reduce

text: call

text: transfer

text: times

text: and

text: have

text: call

text: center

text: representatives

text: resolve

text: inquiries

text: in

text: one

text: call

text: By

text: Dell

text: had

text: spent

text: million

text: in

text: just

text: a

text: few

text: months

text: to

text: improve

text: on

text: this

text: and

text: rolled

text: out

text: DellConnect

text: to

text: answer

text: customer

text: inquiries

text: more

text: quickly

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: company

text: started

text: its

text: blog

text: and

text: then

text: in

text: February

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: launched

text: IdeaStorm.com

text: asking

text: customers

text: for

text: advice

text: including

text: selling

text: Linux

text: computers

text: and

text: reducing

text: the

text: promotional

text: bloatware

text: on

text: PCs

text: These

text: initiatives

text: did

text: manage

text: to

text: cut

text: the

text: negative

text: blog

text: posts

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: reduce

text: the

text: Dell

text: Hell

text: prominent

text: on

text: Internet

text: search

text: engines

question: What did Dell have a poor reputation for?

answer: customer service

text: customer service

question: Where did Dell move its call centers?

answer: offshore

text: offshore

question: Which Dell employee was moved from head of manufacturing to head of customer service?

answer: Dick Hunter

text: Dick Hunter

question: How much had Dell spent by 2006 on improving customer service?

answer: $100 million

text: $100 million

question: What did Dell have a good reputation for?

text: customer service

question: What did IBM have a poor reputation for?

text: customer service

question: Where didn't Dell move its call centers?

text: offshore

question: Which Dell employee was moved from head of manufacturing to head of sales?

text: Dick Hunter

question: How much had Dell spent by 2005 on improving customer service?

text: $100 million


text: The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: The

text: Aksumites

text: erected

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: large

text: stelae

text: which

text: served

text: a

text: religious

text: purpose

text: in

text: pre

text: Christian

text: times

text: One

text: of

text: these

text: granite

text: columns

text: the

text: obelisk

text: of

text: Aksum

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: such

text: structure

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: standing

text: at

text: feet

text: Under

text: Ezana

text: fl

text: Aksum

text: later

text: adopted

text: Christianity

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: early

text: Muslims

text: from

text: Mecca

text: also

text: sought

text: refuge

text: from

text: Quraysh

text: persecution

text: by

text: travelling

text: to

text: the

text: kingdom

text: a

text: journey

text: known

text: in

text: Islamic

text: history

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: Hijra

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: alleged

text: resting

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Ark

text: of

text: the

text: Covenant

text: and

text: the

text: purported

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Queen

text: of

text: Sheba

question: What purpose did stelae serve?

answer: religious

text: religious

question: Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times?

answer: The Aksumites

text: The Aksumites

question: Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet?

answer: the obelisk of Aksum

text: the obelisk of Aksum

question: Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana?

answer: Aksum

text: Aksum

question: Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting?

answer: Aksum

text: Aksum

question: In what year was the obelisk of Aksum carved?

question: In what year did the Aksum become Christians?

question: In what year was Mecca founded?

question: How far above sea level is Mecca?

text: 90 feet

question: What did Muslims build in the 7th century for religious purposes?

text: large stelae


text: Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel. The family's last name of Finch also shares Lee's mother's maiden name. The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot. Atticus warns them that, although they can "shoot all the bluejays they want", they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird". Confused, Scout approaches her neighbor Miss Maudie, who explains that mockingbirds never harm other living creatures. She points out that mockingbirds simply provide pleasure with their songs, saying, "They don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us." Writer Edwin Bruell summarized the symbolism when he wrote in 1964, "'To kill a mockingbird' is to kill that which is innocent and harmless—like Tom Robinson." Scholars have noted that Lee often returns to the mockingbird theme when trying to make a moral point.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Songbirds

text: and

text: their

text: associated

text: symbolism

text: appear

text: throughout

text: the

text: novel

text: The

text: family

text: 's

text: last

text: name

text: of

text: Finch

text: also

text: shares

text: Lee

text: 's

text: mother

text: 's

text: maiden

text: name

text: The

text: titular

text: mockingbird

text: is

text: a

text: key

text: motif

text: of

text: this

text: theme

text: which

text: first

text: appears

text: when

text: Atticus

text: having

text: given

text: his

text: children

text: air

text: rifles

text: for

text: Christmas

text: allows

text: their

text: Uncle

text: Jack

text: to

text: teach

text: them

text: to

text: shoot

text: Atticus

text: warns

text: them

text: that

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: shoot

text: all

text: the

text: bluejays

text: they

text: want

text: they

text: must

text: remember

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: a

text: sin

text: to

text: kill

text: a

text: mockingbird

text: Confused

text: Scout

text: approaches

text: her

text: neighbor

text: Miss

text: Maudie

text: who

text: explains

text: that

text: mockingbirds

text: never

text: harm

text: other

text: living

text: creatures

text: She

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: mockingbirds

text: simply

text: provide

text: pleasure

text: with

text: their

text: songs

text: saying

text: They

text: do

text: n't

text: do

text: one

text: thing

text: but

text: sing

text: their

text: hearts

text: out

text: for

text: us

text: Writer

text: Edwin

text: Bruell

text: summarized

text: the

text: symbolism

text: when

text: he

text: wrote

text: in

text: To

text: kill

text: a

text: mockingbird

text: is

text: to

text: kill

text: that

text: which

text: is

text: innocent

text: and

text: harmless

text: like

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: Scholars

text: have

text: noted

text: that

text: Lee

text: often

text: returns

text: to

text: the

text: mockingbird

text: theme

text: when

text: trying

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: moral

text: point

question: Which animal serves as a symbol throughout the book?

answer: Songbirds

text: Songbirds

question: Harper Lee's mother's maiden name was what?

answer: Finch

text: Finch

question: Which bird does Atticus Finch say is a "sin to kill?"

answer: mockingbird

text: mockingbird

question: According to Atticus, which bird is it a sin to shoot?

answer: mockingbird

text: mockingbird

question: According to Miss Maudie, which bird is never harmful?

answer: mockingbird

text: mockingbird

question: Symbolically, killing a mockingbird is killing what according to Edwin Bruell?

answer: that which is innocent and harmless

text: that which is innocent and harmless


text: The Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after the common trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis. The largest animal phylum belongs here, the Arthropoda, including insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All these organisms have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two smaller phyla, the Onychophora and Tardigrada, are close relatives of the arthropods and share these traits. The ecdysozoans also include the Nematoda or roundworms, perhaps the second largest animal phylum. Roundworms are typically microscopic, and occur in nearly every environment where there is water. A number are important parasites. Smaller phyla related to them are the Nematomorpha or horsehair worms, and the Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, and Loricifera. These groups have a reduced coelom, called a pseudocoelom.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: The

text: Ecdysozoa

text: are

text: protostomes

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: common

text: trait

text: of

text: growth

text: by

text: moulting

text: or

text: ecdysis

text: The

text: largest

text: animal

text: phylum

text: belongs

text: here

text: the

text: Arthropoda

text: including

text: insects

text: spiders

text: crabs

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: All

text: these

text: organisms

text: have

text: a

text: body

text: divided

text: into

text: repeating

text: segments

text: typically

text: with

text: paired

text: appendages

text: Two

text: smaller

text: phyla

text: the

text: Onychophora

text: and

text: Tardigrada

text: are

text: close

text: relatives

text: of

text: the

text: arthropods

text: and

text: share

text: these

text: traits

text: The

text: ecdysozoans

text: also

text: include

text: the

text: Nematoda

text: or

text: roundworms

text: perhaps

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: animal

text: phylum

text: Roundworms

text: are

text: typically

text: microscopic

text: and

text: occur

text: in

text: nearly

text: every

text: environment

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: water

text: A

text: number

text: are

text: important

text: parasites

text: Smaller

text: phyla

text: related

text: to

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: Nematomorpha

text: or

text: horsehair

text: worms

text: and

text: the

text: Kinorhyncha

text: Priapulida

text: and

text: Loricifera

text: These

text: groups

text: have

text: a

text: reduced

text: coelom

text: called

text: a

text: pseudocoelom

question: What groups is named after the trait of growth by moulting or ecdysis?

answer: Ecdysozoa

text: Ecdysozoa

question: What are some animals in the Arthropoda group?

answer: insects, spiders, crabs

text: insects, spiders, crabs

question: Organisms in the Arthropoda group have bodies that are divided into what?

answer: repeating segments

text: repeating segments

question: What groups are relatives of the arthropods?

answer: Onychophora and Tardigrada

text: Onychophora and Tardigrada

question: What is another name for roundworms?

answer: Nematoda

text: Nematoda


text: The official English name of the system is BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. It is named after the Big Dipper constellation, which is known in Chinese as Běidǒu. The name literally means "Northern Dipper", the name given by ancient Chinese astronomers to the seven brightest stars of the Ursa Major constellation. Historically, this set of stars was used in navigation to locate the North Star Polaris. As such, the name BeiDou also serves as a metaphor for the purpose of the satellite navigation system.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: The

text: official

text: English

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: is

text: BeiDou

text: Navigation

text: Satellite

text: System

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Big

text: Dipper

text: constellation

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: Chinese

text: as

text: Běidǒu

text: The

text: name

text: literally

text: means

text: Northern

text: Dipper

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: by

text: ancient

text: Chinese

text: astronomers

text: to

text: the

text: seven

text: brightest

text: stars

text: of

text: the

text: Ursa

text: Major

text: constellation

text: Historically

text: this

text: set

text: of

text: stars

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: navigation

text: to

text: locate

text: the

text: North

text: Star

text: Polaris

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: name

text: BeiDou

text: also

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: metaphor

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: satellite

text: navigation

text: system

question: What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System named after?

answer: the Big Dipper constellation

text: the Big Dipper constellation

question: What is the Big Dipper constellation known as in Chinese?

answer: Běidǒu

text: Běidǒu

question: What does Běidǒu translate as?

answer: Northern Dipper

text: Northern Dipper

question: Who named the constellation Běidǒu?

answer: ancient Chinese astronomers

text: ancient Chinese astronomers

question: What was the Běidǒu constellation used for?

answer: to locate the North Star Polaris

text: to locate the North Star Polaris

question: Which Satellite System is named after the Little Dipper?

text: BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

question: What is the Big Dipper constellation known as in Japanese?

text: Běidǒu

question: What does Yuèliàng translate as?

text: Northern Dipper

question: What was the Little Dipper constellation used for?

text: to locate the North Star Polaris

question: Ancient anthropologists named the constellation what?

text: Běidǒu


text: In 1944, Nasser married Tahia Kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy Iranian father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. She was introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Manshiyat al-Bakri, a suburb of Cairo, where they would live for the rest of their lives. Nasser's entry into the officer corps in 1937 secured him relatively well-paid employment in a society where most people lived in poverty.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: Nasser

text: married

text: Tahia

text: Kazem

text: the

text: old

text: daughter

text: of

text: a

text: wealthy

text: Iranian

text: father

text: and

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: mother

text: both

text: of

text: whom

text: died

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: young

text: She

text: was

text: introduced

text: to

text: Nasser

text: through

text: her

text: brother

text: Abdel

text: Hamid

text: Kazim

text: a

text: merchant

text: friend

text: of

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: in

text: After

text: their

text: wedding

text: the

text: couple

text: moved

text: into

text: a

text: house

text: in

text: Manshiyat

text: al

text: Bakri

text: a

text: suburb

text: of

text: Cairo

text: where

text: they

text: would

text: live

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: their

text: lives

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: entry

text: into

text: the

text: officer

text: corps

text: in

text: secured

text: him

text: relatively

text: well

text: paid

text: employment

text: in

text: a

text: society

text: where

text: most

text: people

text: lived

text: in

text: poverty

question: Who did Nasser marry in 1944?

answer: Tahia Kazem

text: Tahia Kazem

question: Who introduced Nasser and his wife?

answer: Abdel Hamid Kazim

text: Abdel Hamid Kazim

question: Where did Nasser and his wife live after they were married?

answer: Manshiyat al-Bakri

text: Manshiyat al-Bakri

question: What job of Nasser's offered him a comparably comfortable lifestyle?

answer: officer corps

text: officer corps


text: The majority of simplified characters are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms, or ancient standard forms. For example, the orthodox character 來 lái ("come") was written with the structure 来 in the clerical script (隶书 / 隸書, lìshū) of the Han dynasty. This clerical form uses one fewer stroke, and was thus adopted as a simplified form. The character 雲 yún ("cloud") was written with the structure 云 in the oracle bone script of the Shang dynasty, and had remained in use later as a phonetic loan in the meaning of "to say" while the 雨 radical was added to differentiate meanings. The simplified form adopts the original structure.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: simplified

text: characters

text: are

text: drawn

text: from

text: conventional

text: abbreviated

text: forms

text: or

text: ancient

text: standard

text: forms

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: orthodox

text: character

text: 來

text: lái

text: come

text: was

text: written

text: with

text: the

text: structure

text: 来

text: in

text: the

text: clerical

text: script

text: 隶书

text: 隸書

text: lìshū

text: of

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: This

text: clerical

text: form

text: uses

text: one

text: fewer

text: stroke

text: and

text: was

text: thus

text: adopted

text: as

text: a

text: simplified

text: form

text: The

text: character

text: 雲

text: yún

text: cloud

text: was

text: written

text: with

text: the

text: structure

text: 云

text: in

text: the

text: oracle

text: bone

text: script

text: of

text: the

text: Shang

text: dynasty

text: and

text: had

text: remained

text: in

text: use

text: later

text: as

text: a

text: phonetic

text: loan

text: in

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: to

text: say

text: while

text: the

text: 雨

text: radical

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: differentiate

text: meanings

text: The

text: simplified

text: form

text: adopts

text: the

text: original

text: structure

question: What are drawn from conventional abbreviated forms?

answer: majority of simplified characters

text: majority of simplified characters

question: What was written with the structure in the clerical script?

answer: orthodox character

text: orthodox character

question: What script uses one fewer stroke?

answer: clerical script

text: clerical script


text: Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: Jewish

text: population

text: rose

text: from

text: to

text: two

text: million

text: Currently

text: Jews

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: population

text: or

text: million

text: people

text: The

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: were

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: mass

text: immigration

text: of

text: Holocaust

text: survivors

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: and

text: Jews

text: fleeing

text: Arab

text: lands

text: Israel

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: population

text: of

text: Ethiopian

text: Jews

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: airlifted

text: to

text: Israel

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Between

text: and

text: nearly

text: immigrants

text: arrived

text: in

text: Israel

text: about

text: half

text: being

text: from

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: This

text: period

text: also

text: saw

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: immigration

text: to

text: Israel

text: from

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: North

text: America

question: What years did the Jewish population rise from 800,000 to two million?

answer: 1948 and 1958

text: 1948 and 1958

question: What is the population of Israel?

answer: 6 million

text: 6 million

question: Between 1974 and 1979, how many immigrants arrived in Israel?

answer: 227,258

question: What did the Jewish population rise to before 1948?

text: two million

question: What percent of the Israeli population is not Jewish?

question: What were the latest years of the State of Israel marked by?

question: Before 1974 how many immigrants arrived in Israel?

question: Where did this period see a decrease in immigration to Israel?

text: Western Europe


text: In the late 1980s, according to "Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech. His son Carl also played a role in the development of the original Connection Machine engineering; Feynman influencing the interconnects while his son worked on the software.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: according

text: to

text: Richard

text: Feynman

text: and

text: the

text: Connection

text: Machine

text: Feynman

text: played

text: a

text: crucial

text: role

text: in

text: developing

text: the

text: first

text: massively

text: parallel

text: computer

text: and

text: in

text: finding

text: innovative

text: uses

text: for

text: it

text: in

text: numerical

text: computations

text: in

text: building

text: neural

text: networks

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: physical

text: simulations

text: using

text: cellular

text: automata

text: such

text: as

text: turbulent

text: fluid

text: flow

text: working

text: with

text: Stephen

text: Wolfram

text: at

text: Caltech

text: His

text: son

text: Carl

text: also

text: played

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Connection

text: Machine

text: engineering

text: Feynman

text: influencing

text: the

text: interconnects

text: while

text: his

text: son

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: software

question: What did Feynman help develop in the 1980s?

answer: parallel computer

text: parallel computer

question: Who did Feynman work with on computers at Caltech?

answer: Stephen Wolfram

text: Stephen Wolfram

question: Who else worked with Feynman on developing computers?

answer: His son Carl

text: His son Carl

question: What specifically did his son work on?

answer: software

text: software

question: What did Feyman do while his son worked on software?

answer: influencing the interconnects

text: influencing the interconnects

question: What did Feynman help find in the 1970s?

text: massively parallel computer

question: Who did Feynman work with on computers at Yale?

text: Stephen Wolfram

question: Who else worked with Feynman on developing planes?

text: His son Carl

question: What specifically did Feynman's daughter work on?

text: software

question: What was Feynman doing while his daughter worked on software?

text: influencing the interconnects


text: Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Much

text: of

text: mandolin

text: development

text: revolved

text: around

text: the

text: soundboard

text: the

text: top

text: Pre

text: mandolin

text: instruments

text: were

text: quiet

text: instruments

text: strung

text: with

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: six

text: courses

text: of

text: gut

text: strings

text: and

text: were

text: plucked

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: or

text: with

text: a

text: quill

text: However

text: modern

text: instruments

text: are

text: louder

text: using

text: four

text: courses

text: of

text: metal

text: strings

text: which

text: exert

text: more

text: pressure

text: than

text: the

text: gut

text: strings

text: The

text: modern

text: soundboard

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: withstand

text: the

text: pressure

text: of

text: metal

text: strings

text: that

text: would

text: break

text: earlier

text: instruments

text: The

text: soundboard

text: comes

text: in

text: many

text: shapes

text: but

text: generally

text: round

text: or

text: teardrop

text: shaped

text: sometimes

text: with

text: scrolls

text: or

text: other

text: projections

text: There

text: is

text: usually

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: sound

text: holes

text: in

text: the

text: soundboard

text: either

text: round

text: oval

text: or

text: shaped

text: like

text: a

text: calligraphic

text: F

text: f

text: hole

text: A

text: round

text: or

text: oval

text: sound

text: hole

text: may

text: be

text: covered

text: or

text: bordered

text: with

text: decorative

text: rosettes

text: or

text: purfling

question: What did most of the development of the mandolin revolve around?

answer: soundboard (the top)

text: soundboard (the top)

question: Were premandolins quiet or loud instruments?

answer: quiet instruments

text: quiet instruments

question: What are modern mandolins' strings made of?

answer: four courses of metal strings,

text: four courses of metal strings,

question: What is the most common soundboard shape?

answer: generally round or teardrop-shaped

text: generally round or teardrop-shaped

question: What are the sound holes covered with?

answer: bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling

text: bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling

question: What is another term for the bottom of the mandolin?

text: soundboard

question: What was louder than modern instruments?

text: Pre-mandolin instruments

question: How are teardrop-shaped holes covered or bordered?

text: with decorative rosettes or purfling

question: How many courses of metal strings were pre-mandolin instruments strung with?

text: four

question: What did most of the development of the mandolin not revolve around?

text: soundboard (the top)

question: Were postmandolins quiet or loud instruments?

text: quiet

question: What are ancient mandolins' strings made of?

text: four courses of metal strings

question: What is the most uncommon soundboard shape?

text: generally round or teardrop-shaped

question: What are the sound holes opened with?


text: Romantic relationships tend to increase in prevalence throughout adolescence. By age 15, 53% of adolescents have had a romantic relationship that lasted at least one month over the course of the previous 18 months. In a 2008 study conducted by YouGov for Channel 4, 20% of 14−17-year-olds surveyed revealed that they had their first sexual experience at 13 or under in the United Kingdom. A 2002 American study found that those aged 15–44 reported that the average age of first sexual intercourse was 17.0 for males and 17.3 for females. The typical duration of relationships increases throughout the teenage years as well. This constant increase in the likelihood of a long-term relationship can be explained by sexual maturation and the development of cognitive skills necessary to maintain a romantic bond (e.g. caregiving, appropriate attachment), although these skills are not strongly developed until late adolescence. Long-term relationships allow adolescents to gain the skills necessary for high-quality relationships later in life and develop feelings of self-worth. Overall, positive romantic relationships among adolescents can result in long-term benefits. High-quality romantic relationships are associated with higher commitment in early adulthood and are positively associated with self-esteem, self-confidence, and social competence. For example, an adolescent with positive self-confidence is likely to consider themselves a more successful partner, whereas negative experiences may lead to low confidence as a romantic partner. Adolescents often date within their demographic in regards to race, ethnicity, popularity, and physical attractiveness. However, there are traits in which certain individuals, particularly adolescent girls, seek diversity. While most adolescents date people approximately their own age, boys typically date partners the same age or younger; girls typically date partners the same age or older.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Romantic

text: relationships

text: tend

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: prevalence

text: throughout

text: adolescence

text: By

text: age

text: of

text: adolescents

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: romantic

text: relationship

text: that

text: lasted

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: month

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: months

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: conducted

text: by

text: YouGov

text: for

text: Channel

text: of

text: olds

text: surveyed

text: revealed

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: their

text: first

text: sexual

text: experience

text: at

text: or

text: under

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: A

text: American

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: those

text: aged

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: average

text: age

text: of

text: first

text: sexual

text: intercourse

text: was

text: for

text: males

text: and

text: for

text: females

text: The

text: typical

text: duration

text: of

text: relationships

text: increases

text: throughout

text: the

text: teenage

text: years

text: as

text: well

text: This

text: constant

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: likelihood

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: relationship

text: can

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: sexual

text: maturation

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: cognitive

text: skills

text: necessary

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: romantic

text: bond

text: e.g.

text: caregiving

text: appropriate

text: attachment

text: although

text: these

text: skills

text: are

text: not

text: strongly

text: developed

text: until

text: late

text: adolescence

text: Long

text: term

text: relationships

text: allow

text: adolescents

text: to

text: gain

text: the

text: skills

text: necessary

text: for

text: high

text: quality

text: relationships

text: later

text: in

text: life

text: and

text: develop

text: feelings

text: of

text: self

text: worth

text: Overall

text: positive

text: romantic

text: relationships

text: among

text: adolescents

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: long

text: term

text: benefits

text: High

text: quality

text: romantic

text: relationships

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: higher

text: commitment

text: in

text: early

text: adulthood

text: and

text: are

text: positively

text: associated

text: with

text: self

text: esteem

text: self

text: confidence

text: and

text: social

text: competence

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: adolescent

text: with

text: positive

text: self

text: confidence

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: consider

text: themselves

text: a

text: more

text: successful

text: partner

text: whereas

text: negative

text: experiences

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: low

text: confidence

text: as

text: a

text: romantic

text: partner

text: Adolescents

text: often

text: date

text: within

text: their

text: demographic

text: in

text: regards

text: to

text: race

text: ethnicity

text: popularity

text: and

text: physical

text: attractiveness

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: traits

text: in

text: which

text: certain

text: individuals

text: particularly

text: adolescent

text: girls

text: seek

text: diversity

text: While

text: most

text: adolescents

text: date

text: people

text: approximately

text: their

text: own

text: age

text: boys

text: typically

text: date

text: partners

text: the

text: same

text: age

text: or

text: younger

text: girls

text: typically

text: date

text: partners

text: the

text: same

text: age

text: or

text: older

question: Do romantic relationships tend to increase or decrease throughout adolescence?

answer: increase

text: increase

question: How many percent of adolescents have had a romantic relationship lasting one month or longer by age 15?

answer: 53%

question: At what average age did American males report their first sexual intercourse took place?

answer: 17.0

question: At what average age did American females report their first sexual intercourse took place?

answer: 17.3

question: Does the typical duration of relationships increase or decrease throughout the teenage years?

answer: increases

text: increases


text: Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based on her anomalous appearance disrupted her family and adult life. She was the subject of the 2008 biographical dramatic film Skin, which won numerous awards.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Sandra

text: Laing

text: is

text: a

text: South

text: African

text: woman

text: who

text: was

text: classified

text: as

text: Coloured

text: by

text: authorities

text: during

text: the

text: apartheid

text: era

text: due

text: to

text: her

text: skin

text: colour

text: and

text: hair

text: texture

text: although

text: her

text: parents

text: could

text: prove

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: generations

text: of

text: European

text: ancestors

text: At

text: age

text: she

text: was

text: expelled

text: from

text: her

text: all

text: white

text: school

text: The

text: officials

text: decisions

text: based

text: on

text: her

text: anomalous

text: appearance

text: disrupted

text: her

text: family

text: and

text: adult

text: life

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: the

text: biographical

text: dramatic

text: film

text: Skin

text: which

text: won

text: numerous

text: awards

question: Who was featured in the movie "Skin"?

answer: Sandra Laing

text: Sandra Laing

question: What year was the movie "Skin" made?

answer: 2008

question: At was age was Sandra Laing expelled from school?

answer: age 10

text: age 10

question: What is Sandra Laing's ethnicity?

answer: South African

text: South African

question: How many generations of European Ancestors does Sandra Laing have?

answer: three

text: three


text: The United States originally wished to remain neutral when World War I broke out in August 1914. However, it insisted on its right as a neutral party to immunity from German submarine attack, even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain. In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it would lead to American entry. When the U.S declared war, the U.S. army was still small by European standards and mobilization would take a year. Meanwhile, the U.S. continued to provide supplies and money to Britain and France, and initiated the first peacetime draft. Industrial mobilization took longer than expected, so divisions were sent to Europe without equipment, relying instead on the British and French to supply them.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: originally

text: wished

text: to

text: remain

text: neutral

text: when

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: broke

text: out

text: in

text: August

text: However

text: it

text: insisted

text: on

text: its

text: right

text: as

text: a

text: neutral

text: party

text: to

text: immunity

text: from

text: German

text: submarine

text: attack

text: even

text: though

text: its

text: ships

text: carried

text: food

text: and

text: raw

text: materials

text: to

text: Britain

text: In

text: the

text: Germans

text: resumed

text: submarine

text: attacks

text: knowing

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: American

text: entry

text: When

text: the

text: U.S

text: declared

text: war

text: the

text: U.S.

text: army

text: was

text: still

text: small

text: by

text: European

text: standards

text: and

text: mobilization

text: would

text: take

text: a

text: year

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: U.S.

text: continued

text: to

text: provide

text: supplies

text: and

text: money

text: to

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: initiated

text: the

text: first

text: peacetime

text: draft

text: Industrial

text: mobilization

text: took

text: longer

text: than

text: expected

text: so

text: divisions

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: Europe

text: without

text: equipment

text: relying

text: instead

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: to

text: supply

text: them

question: When World War I started, what was the official US position?

answer: neutral

text: neutral

question: When did World War I commence?

answer: August 1914

text: August 1914

question: What German war policy precipitated US involvement in WWI?

answer: submarine attacks

text: submarine attacks

question: What year did the US enter World War I?

answer: 1917

question: The United States built its army prior to joining the war in what way?

answer: peacetime draft

text: peacetime draft

question: When World War I started, what was the official UK position?

text: neutral

question: When did World War II commence?

text: August 1914

question: What German war policy precipitated US involvement in WWII?

text: submarine attacks

question: What year did the US enter World War II?

question: The UK built its army prior to joining the war in what way?

text: peacetime draft


text: The arts of Southeast Asia have affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; in particular, Cambodian royal ballet represented them in the early 7th century before the Khmer Empire, which was highly influenced by Indian Hinduism. Apsara Dance, famous for strong hand and feet movement, is a great example of Hindu symbolic dance.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: The

text: arts

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: have

text: affinity

text: with

text: the

text: arts

text: of

text: other

text: areas

text: Dance

text: in

text: much

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: includes

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: hands

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: feet

text: to

text: express

text: the

text: dance

text: 's

text: emotion

text: and

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: story

text: that

text: the

text: ballerina

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: tell

text: the

text: audience

text: Most

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: introduced

text: dance

text: into

text: their

text: court

text: in

text: particular

text: Cambodian

text: royal

text: ballet

text: represented

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: before

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Empire

text: which

text: was

text: highly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Indian

text: Hinduism

text: Apsara

text: Dance

text: famous

text: for

text: strong

text: hand

text: and

text: feet

text: movement

text: is

text: a

text: great

text: example

text: of

text: Hindu

text: symbolic

text: dance

question: Where did the Southeast Asians introduce their dance?

answer: into their court

text: into their court

question: Which dance was famous for strong feet & hand movements?

answer: Apsara Dance

text: Apsara Dance

question: The Khmer Empire was influenced by what?

answer: Indian Hinduism

text: Indian Hinduism

question: Where was dance not popular in Southeast Asia?

text: court

question: Who had a royal ballet in the 700's?

text: Cambodian

question: What dance is known for little hand movement?

text: Apsara Dance

question: What empire influenced ndian Hinduism?

text: Khmer Empire,


text: The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words jatu, meaning "pitch," and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English. From the same root is derived the Anglo Saxon word cwidu (mastix), the German word Kitt (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word kvada.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: The

text: expression

text: bitumen

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: where

text: we

text: find

text: the

text: words

text: jatu

text: meaning

text: pitch

text: and

text: jatu

text: krit

text: meaning

text: pitch

text: creating

text: pitch

text: producing

text: referring

text: to

text: coniferous

text: or

text: resinous

text: trees

text: The

text: Latin

text: equivalent

text: is

text: claimed

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: be

text: originally

text: gwitu

text: men

text: pertaining

text: to

text: pitch

text: and

text: by

text: others

text: pixtumens

text: exuding

text: or

text: bubbling

text: pitch

text: which

text: was

text: subsequently

text: shortened

text: to

text: bitumen

text: thence

text: passing

text: via

text: French

text: into

text: English

text: From

text: the

text: same

text: root

text: is

text: derived

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: word

text: cwidu

text: mastix

text: the

text: German

text: word

text: Kitt

text: cement

text: or

text: mastic

text: and

text: the

text: old

text: Norse

text: word

text: kvada

question: What language originated the word bitumen?

answer: Sanskrit

text: Sanskrit

question: What does the Sanskrit word translate as?

answer: pitch creating

text: pitch creating

question: To what English word does the Latin translate?

answer: pitch

text: pitch

question: Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English?

answer: French

text: French

question: To what word does the Anglo Saxon translate?

answer: mastix

text: mastix

question: Where did the expression "French" originate?

text: Sanskrit

question: Where did the French expression "bitumen" originate?

text: Sanskrit

question: What does the Anglo Saxon word Kitt mean?

text: cement or mastic

question: What does the German word cwidu mean?

text: mastix

question: What does the Norse word kitt mean?

text: cement or mastic


text: RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: RAM

text: can

text: be

text: read

text: and

text: written

text: to

text: anytime

text: the

text: CPU

text: commands

text: it

text: but

text: ROM

text: is

text: preloaded

text: with

text: data

text: and

text: software

text: that

text: never

text: changes

text: therefore

text: the

text: CPU

text: can

text: only

text: read

text: from

text: it

text: ROM

text: is

text: typically

text: used

text: to

text: store

text: the

text: computer

text: 's

text: initial

text: start

text: up

text: instructions

text: In

text: general

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: RAM

text: are

text: erased

text: when

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: computer

text: is

text: turned

text: off

text: but

text: ROM

text: retains

text: its

text: data

text: indefinitely

text: In

text: a

text: PC

text: the

text: ROM

text: contains

text: a

text: specialized

text: program

text: called

text: the

text: BIOS

text: that

text: orchestrates

text: loading

text: the

text: computer

text: 's

text: operating

text: system

text: from

text: the

text: hard

text: disk

text: drive

text: into

text: RAM

text: whenever

text: the

text: computer

text: is

text: turned

text: on

text: or

text: reset

text: In

text: embedded

text: computers

text: which

text: frequently

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: disk

text: drives

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: required

text: software

text: may

text: be

text: stored

text: in

text: ROM

text: Software

text: stored

text: in

text: ROM

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: firmware

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: notionally

text: more

text: like

text: hardware

text: than

text: software

text: Flash

text: memory

text: blurs

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: ROM

text: and

text: RAM

text: as

text: it

text: retains

text: its

text: data

text: when

text: turned

text: off

text: but

text: is

text: also

text: rewritable

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: much

text: slower

text: than

text: conventional

text: ROM

text: and

text: RAM

text: however

text: so

text: its

text: use

text: is

text: restricted

text: to

text: applications

text: where

text: high

text: speed

text: is

text: unnecessary

question: What type of memory can a CPU only read from?

answer: ROM

text: ROM

question: What type of memory can a CPU read and write from?

answer: RAM

text: RAM

question: What type of memory is always kept and kept the same?

answer: ROM

text: ROM

question: A progam inside the ROM of a PC is called what?

answer: the BIOS

text: the BIOS

question: Software stored in ROM is called what usually?

answer: firmware,

text: firmware,


text: Though many of the events were outside the traditional time-period of the Middle Ages, the end of the unity of the Western Church (the Protestant Reformation), was one of the distinguishing characteristics of the medieval period. The Catholic Church had long fought against heretic movements, but during the Late Middle Ages, it started to experience demands for reform from within. The first of these came from Oxford professor John Wycliffe in England. Wycliffe held that the Bible should be the only authority in religious questions, and he spoke out against transubstantiation, celibacy and indulgences. In spite of influential supporters among the English aristocracy, such as John of Gaunt, the movement was not allowed to survive. Though Wycliffe himself was left unmolested, his supporters, the Lollards, were eventually suppressed in England.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Though

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: events

text: were

text: outside

text: the

text: traditional

text: time

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: unity

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Church

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: distinguishing

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: The

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: had

text: long

text: fought

text: against

text: heretic

text: movements

text: but

text: during

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: it

text: started

text: to

text: experience

text: demands

text: for

text: reform

text: from

text: within

text: The

text: first

text: of

text: these

text: came

text: from

text: Oxford

text: professor

text: John

text: Wycliffe

text: in

text: England

text: Wycliffe

text: held

text: that

text: the

text: Bible

text: should

text: be

text: the

text: only

text: authority

text: in

text: religious

text: questions

text: and

text: he

text: spoke

text: out

text: against

text: transubstantiation

text: celibacy

text: and

text: indulgences

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: influential

text: supporters

text: among

text: the

text: English

text: aristocracy

text: such

text: as

text: John

text: of

text: Gaunt

text: the

text: movement

text: was

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: survive

text: Though

text: Wycliffe

text: himself

text: was

text: left

text: unmolested

text: his

text: supporters

text: the

text: Lollards

text: were

text: eventually

text: suppressed

text: in

text: England

question: Which Oxford professor believed that the Bible should be the sole authority in religious questions?

answer: John Wycliffe

text: John Wycliffe

question: What were Jon Wycliffe's supporters called?

answer: the Lollards

text: the Lollards

question: What was the event that ended religious unity in the Western Church?

answer: the Protestant Reformation

text: the Protestant Reformation

question: Which Catholic practices did Wycliffe speak out against?

answer: transubstantiation, celibacy and indulgences

text: transubstantiation, celibacy and indulgences

question: Who was one of the English aristocrats who supported the Lollard movement?

answer: John of Gaunt

text: John of Gaunt

question: Which Oxford professor believed that the Bible shouldn't be the sole authority in religious questions?

text: John Wycliffe

question: What were Jon Wycliffe's supporters not called?

text: the Lollards

question: What wasn't the event that ended religious unity in the Western Church?

text: (the Protestant Reformation),

question: Which Catholic practices did Wycliffe speak out for?

question: Who was one of the English aristocrats who never supported the Lollard movement?

text: John of Gaunt


text: As the School grew, more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in the town, outside the College's original buildings. These students became known as Oppidans, from the Latin word oppidum, meaning town. The Houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Oppidans in a more congenial manner, and during the 18th and 19th centuries were mostly run by women known as "dames". They typically contain about fifty boys. Although classes are organised on a School basis, most boys spend a large proportion of their time in their House. Each House has a formal name, mainly used for post and people outside the Eton community. It is generally known by the boys by the initials or surname of the House Master, the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: As

text: the

text: School

text: grew

text: more

text: students

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: attend

text: provided

text: that

text: they

text: paid

text: their

text: own

text: fees

text: and

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: outside

text: the

text: College

text: 's

text: original

text: buildings

text: These

text: students

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Oppidans

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: oppidum

text: meaning

text: town

text: The

text: Houses

text: developed

text: over

text: time

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: providing

text: residence

text: for

text: the

text: Oppidans

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: congenial

text: manner

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: were

text: mostly

text: run

text: by

text: women

text: known

text: as

text: dames

text: They

text: typically

text: contain

text: about

text: fifty

text: boys

text: Although

text: classes

text: are

text: organised

text: on

text: a

text: School

text: basis

text: most

text: boys

text: spend

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: their

text: time

text: in

text: their

text: House

text: Each

text: House

text: has

text: a

text: formal

text: name

text: mainly

text: used

text: for

text: post

text: and

text: people

text: outside

text: the

text: Eton

text: community

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: boys

text: by

text: the

text: initials

text: or

text: surname

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: Master

text: the

text: teacher

text: who

text: lives

text: in

text: the

text: house

text: and

text: manages

text: the

text: pupils

text: in

text: it

question: What is the term given to students who lived in town, but not on the campus of Eton?

answer: Oppidans

text: Oppidans

question: Oppidan residences were generally cared after by women known as what?

answer: "dames"

text: "dames"

question: What is a House Master?

answer: the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it

text: the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it

question: About how many students are in a typical Oppidan house?

answer: fifty

text: fifty

question: What is the term for boys who live on Eton's campus?

text: Oppidans

question: How many Houses are there?

question: What is one of the House's names?

text: Oppidans

question: Where do boys on Eton's campus live?

text: Houses

question: What is the Latin term for "school"?

text: oppidum


text: Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to the Islamic state. Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legal disabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims. Many of the disabilities were highly symbolic. The one described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic. On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Islam

text: and

text: Judaism

text: have

text: a

text: complex

text: relationship

text: Traditionally

text: Jews

text: and

text: Christians

text: living

text: in

text: Muslim

text: lands

text: known

text: as

text: dhimmis

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: practice

text: their

text: religions

text: and

text: administer

text: their

text: internal

text: affairs

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: subject

text: to

text: certain

text: conditions

text: They

text: had

text: to

text: pay

text: the

text: jizya

text: a

text: per

text: capita

text: tax

text: imposed

text: on

text: free

text: adult

text: non

text: Muslim

text: males

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: state

text: Dhimmis

text: had

text: an

text: inferior

text: status

text: under

text: Islamic

text: rule

text: They

text: had

text: several

text: social

text: and

text: legal

text: disabilities

text: such

text: as

text: prohibitions

text: against

text: bearing

text: arms

text: or

text: giving

text: testimony

text: in

text: courts

text: in

text: cases

text: involving

text: Muslims

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: disabilities

text: were

text: highly

text: symbolic

text: The

text: one

text: described

text: by

text: Bernard

text: Lewis

text: as

text: most

text: degrading

text: was

text: the

text: requirement

text: of

text: distinctive

text: clothing

text: not

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: or

text: hadith

text: but

text: invented

text: in

text: early

text: medieval

text: Baghdad

text: its

text: enforcement

text: was

text: highly

text: erratic

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Jews

text: rarely

text: faced

text: martyrdom

text: or

text: exile

text: or

text: forced

text: compulsion

text: to

text: change

text: their

text: religion

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: mostly

text: free

text: in

text: their

text: choice

text: of

text: residence

text: and

text: profession

question: What were Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands known as?

answer: dhimmis

text: dhimmis

question: What is the per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males known as?

answer: jizya

text: jizya

question: Which group had an inferior status under Islamic rule?

answer: Dhimmis

text: Dhimmis

question: What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading?"

answer: requirement of distinctive clothing

text: requirement of distinctive clothing

question: What religions have a simple relationship?

text: Islam and Judaism

question: Who did not have to pay the jizya?

text: free adult non-Muslim males

question: Who had a superior status under Muslim rule?

text: Dhimmis

question: What was a prohibition placed on Muslims under Christian rule?

text: prohibitions against bearing arms

question: What was the least degrading prohibition placed on non Muslims?

text: the requirement of distinctive clothing


text: The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in the period—but had not yet separated. The first nonmarine sediments in the rift that marks the initial break-up of Pangea—which separated New Jersey from Morocco—are of Late Triassic age; in the U.S., these thick sediments comprise the Newark Supergroup. Because of the limited shoreline of one super-continental mass, Triassic marine deposits are globally relatively rare; despite their prominence in Western Europe, where the Triassic was first studied. In North America, for example, marine deposits are limited to a few exposures in the west. Thus Triassic stratigraphy is mostly based on organisms living in lagoons and hypersaline environments, such as Estheria crustaceans and terrestrial vertebrates.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: The

text: remainder

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: ocean

text: known

text: as

text: Panthalassa

text: all

text: the

text: sea

text: All

text: the

text: deep

text: ocean

text: sediments

text: laid

text: down

text: during

text: the

text: Triassic

text: have

text: disappeared

text: through

text: subduction

text: of

text: oceanic

text: plates

text: thus

text: very

text: little

text: is

text: known

text: of

text: the

text: Triassic

text: open

text: ocean

text: The

text: supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: was

text: rifting

text: during

text: the

text: Triassic

text: especially

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: but

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: separated

text: The

text: first

text: nonmarine

text: sediments

text: in

text: the

text: rift

text: that

text: marks

text: the

text: initial

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: Pangea

text: which

text: separated

text: New

text: Jersey

text: from

text: Morocco

text: are

text: of

text: Late

text: Triassic

text: age

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: these

text: thick

text: sediments

text: comprise

text: the

text: Newark

text: Supergroup

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: limited

text: shoreline

text: of

text: one

text: super

text: continental

text: mass

text: Triassic

text: marine

text: deposits

text: are

text: globally

text: relatively

text: rare

text: despite

text: their

text: prominence

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: where

text: the

text: Triassic

text: was

text: first

text: studied

text: In

text: North

text: America

text: for

text: example

text: marine

text: deposits

text: are

text: limited

text: to

text: a

text: few

text: exposures

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Thus

text: Triassic

text: stratigraphy

text: is

text: mostly

text: based

text: on

text: organisms

text: living

text: in

text: lagoons

text: and

text: hypersaline

text: environments

text: such

text: as

text: Estheria

text: crustaceans

text: and

text: terrestrial

text: vertebrates

question: Which ocean name is translated to mean "all the sea?"

answer: Panthalassa

text: Panthalassa

question: What process obscures information aboutt he ocean during the Triassic period from inspection?

answer: subduction of oceanic plates

text: subduction of oceanic plates

question: What was occurring to Pangaea in the late Triassic?

answer: Pangaea was rifting

text: Pangaea was rifting

question: Which sediements in the US are an indication of the break up of Pangaea?

answer: Newark Supergroup

text: Newark Supergroup

question: What type of terrestrial animals are found from the Triassic period?

answer: terrestrial vertebrates

text: terrestrial vertebrates

question: What can still be found in the deep-sea from the Trissic?

text: sediments

question: What continent ripped apart during the Triassic?

text: Pangaea

question: What indicates when New Jersy seperated from Rhode Island?

question: What stratigraphy is mostly based on non-saline organisms?

text: Triassic


text: In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: Nasser

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: Royal

text: Military

text: Academy

text: for

text: army

text: officer

text: training

text: but

text: his

text: police

text: record

text: of

text: anti

text: government

text: protest

text: initially

text: blocked

text: his

text: entry

text: Disappointed

text: he

text: enrolled

text: in

text: the

text: law

text: school

text: at

text: King

text: Fuad

text: University

text: but

text: quit

text: after

text: one

text: semester

text: to

text: reapply

text: to

text: the

text: Military

text: Academy

text: From

text: his

text: readings

text: Nasser

text: who

text: frequently

text: spoke

text: of

text: dignity

text: glory

text: and

text: freedom

text: in

text: his

text: youth

text: became

text: enchanted

text: with

text: the

text: stories

text: of

text: national

text: liberators

text: and

text: heroic

text: conquerors

text: a

text: military

text: career

text: became

text: his

text: chief

text: priority

question: What was Nasser's goal?

answer: a military career

text: a military career

question: Where did Nasser apply in 1937?

answer: Royal Military Academy

text: Royal Military Academy

question: Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy?

answer: record of anti-government protest

text: record of anti-government protest

question: Where did Nasser attend law school?

answer: King Fuad University

text: King Fuad University

question: How long did Nasser attend law school?

answer: one semester

text: one semester


text: After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: Guam

text: Organic

text: Act

text: of

text: established

text: Guam

text: as

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: organized

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: provided

text: for

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: civilian

text: government

text: and

text: granted

text: the

text: people

text: U.S.

text: citizenship

text: The

text: Governor

text: of

text: Guam

text: was

text: federally

text: appointed

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Guam

text: Elective

text: Governor

text: Act

text: provided

text: for

text: the

text: office

text: 's

text: popular

text: Since

text: Guam

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: U.S.

text: state

text: U.S.

text: citizens

text: residing

text: on

text: Guam

text: are

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: president

text: and

text: their

text: congressional

text: representative

text: is

text: a

text: non

text: voting

text: member

question: What established Guam as an unincorporated territory?

answer: Guam Organic Act of 1950

text: Guam Organic Act of 1950

question: What conflict did the Organic Act come after?

answer: After World War II

text: After World War II

question: What did the Guam Act allow the population now that they were a U.S territory?

answer: granted the people U.S. citizenship

text: granted the people U.S. citizenship

question: In what year did World War II end?

question: What are U.S. citizens in Guam allowed to vote for?

text: president

question: Who controlled Guam before World War II?

text: United States

question: Whose congressional representative is a voting member?

text: Guam