text: The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League. Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Islanders

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Rangers

text: represent

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: Also

text: within

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: are

text: the

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Devils

text: who

text: play

text: in

text: nearby

text: Newark

text: New

text: Jersey

question: There are two hockey teams located in NYC. What are they?

answer: The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers

text: The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers

question: Which town do the New Jersey Devils hockey team play?

answer: Newark

text: Newark

question: In what city are the New Jersey Devils located?

answer: Newark, New Jersey

text: Newark, New Jersey

question: What sport do the New York Rangers play?

answer: Hockey

text: Hockey

question: Along with the New York Rangers, what NHL franchise is based in New York?

answer: New York Islanders

text: New York Islanders


text: In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues and to review a recent report by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) that had uncovered accounting discrepancies within the two entities. The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as many of the committee members refused to accept the report and instead rebuked OFHEO for their attempt at regulation. Some believe this was an early warning to the systemic risk that the growing market in subprime mortgages posed to the U.S. financial system that went unheeded.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: the

text: Bush

text: administration

text: called

text: numerous

text: times

text: for

text: investigation

text: into

text: the

text: safety

text: and

text: soundness

text: of

text: the

text: GSEs

text: and

text: their

text: swelling

text: portfolio

text: of

text: subprime

text: mortgages

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: House

text: Financial

text: Services

text: Committee

text: held

text: a

text: hearing

text: at

text: the

text: urging

text: of

text: the

text: administration

text: to

text: assess

text: safety

text: and

text: soundness

text: issues

text: and

text: to

text: review

text: a

text: recent

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Federal

text: Housing

text: Enterprise

text: Oversight

text: OFHEO

text: that

text: had

text: uncovered

text: accounting

text: discrepancies

text: within

text: the

text: two

text: entities

text: The

text: hearings

text: never

text: resulted

text: in

text: new

text: legislation

text: or

text: formal

text: investigation

text: of

text: Fannie

text: Mae

text: and

text: Freddie

text: Mac

text: as

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: committee

text: members

text: refused

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: report

text: and

text: instead

text: rebuked

text: OFHEO

text: for

text: their

text: attempt

text: at

text: regulation

text: Some

text: believe

text: this

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: warning

text: to

text: the

text: systemic

text: risk

text: that

text: the

text: growing

text: market

text: in

text: subprime

text: mortgages

text: posed

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: financial

text: system

text: that

text: went

text: unheeded

question: Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?

answer: Bush administration

text: Bush administration

question: Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)

text: Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)

question: On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: September 10, 2003

text: September 10, 2003

question: What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation

text: The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation

question: Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?

answer: House Financial Services Committee

text: House Financial Services Committee


text: In 525 BC, the powerful Achaemenid Persians, led by Cambyses II, began their conquest of Egypt, eventually capturing the pharaoh Psamtik III at the battle of Pelusium. Cambyses II then assumed the formal title of pharaoh, but ruled Egypt from his home of Susa in Persia (modern Iran), leaving Egypt under the control of a satrapy. The entire Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, from 525 BC to 402 BC, save for Petubastis III, was an entirely Persian ruled period, with the Achaemenid kings all being granted the title of pharaoh. A few temporarily successful revolts against the Persians marked the fifth century BC, but Egypt was never able to permanently overthrow the Persians.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: In

text: BC

text: the

text: powerful

text: Achaemenid

text: Persians

text: led

text: by

text: Cambyses

text: II

text: began

text: their

text: conquest

text: of

text: Egypt

text: eventually

text: capturing

text: the

text: pharaoh

text: Psamtik

text: III

text: at

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Pelusium

text: Cambyses

text: II

text: then

text: assumed

text: the

text: formal

text: title

text: of

text: pharaoh

text: but

text: ruled

text: Egypt

text: from

text: his

text: home

text: of

text: Susa

text: in

text: Persia

text: modern

text: Iran

text: leaving

text: Egypt

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: a

text: satrapy

text: The

text: entire

text: Twenty

text: seventh

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: save

text: for

text: Petubastis

text: III

text: was

text: an

text: entirely

text: Persian

text: ruled

text: period

text: with

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: kings

text: all

text: being

text: granted

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: pharaoh

text: A

text: few

text: temporarily

text: successful

text: revolts

text: against

text: the

text: Persians

text: marked

text: the

text: fifth

text: century

text: BC

text: but

text: Egypt

text: was

text: never

text: able

text: to

text: permanently

text: overthrow

text: the

text: Persians

question: Who took control of Egypt in 525 BC?

answer: Achaemenid Persians

text: Achaemenid Persians

question: What pharaoh was captured by the group led by Camyses II?

answer: Psamtik III

text: Psamtik III

question: From where did Camyses II rule Egypt?

answer: Susa in Persia

text: Susa in Persia

question: What was the duration of the 27th dynasty of Egypt?

answer: 525 BC to 402 BC,

text: 525 BC to 402 BC,


text: The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: fauna

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: just

text: as

text: diverse

text: as

text: the

text: flora

text: and

text: varies

text: greatly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: large

text: contrast

text: in

text: climates

text: In

text: the

text: mountain

text: zone

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: most

text: observed

text: mammals

text: are

text: Mexican

text: fox

text: squirrel

text: Sciurus

text: nayaritensis

text: antelope

text: jackrabbit

text: Lepus

text: alleni

text: raccoon

text: Procyon

text: lotor

text: hooded

text: skunk

text: Mephitis

text: macroura

text: wild

text: boar

text: Sus

text: scrofa

text: collared

text: peccary

text: Pecari

text: tajacu

text: white

text: tailed

text: deer

text: Odocoileus

text: virginianus

text: mule

text: deer

text: Odocoileus

text: hemionus

text: American

text: bison

text: Bison

text: bison

text: cougar

text: Puma

text: concolor

text: eastern

text: cottontail

text: Sylvilagus

text: floridanus

text: North

text: American

text: porcupine

text: Erethizon

text: dorsatum

text: bobcat

text: Lynx

text: rufus

text: Mexican

text: wolf

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: baileyi

text: and

text: coyote

text: Canis

text: latrans

text: American

text: black

text: bear

text: Ursus

text: americanus

text: is

text: also

text: found

text: but

text: in

text: very

text: small

text: numbers

text: The

text: Mexican

text: wolf

text: once

text: abundant

text: has

text: been

text: extirpated

text: The

text: main

text: cause

text: of

text: degradation

text: has

text: been

text: grazing

text: Although

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: reptilian

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: the

text: most

text: observed

text: species

text: include

text: Northern

text: Mexican

text: pine

text: snake

text: Pituophis

text: deppei

text: jani

text: Texas

text: horned

text: lizard

text: Phrynosoma

text: cornutum

text: rock

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: lepidus

text: black

text: tailed

text: rattlesnake

text: Crotalus

text: molossus

text: and

text: plateau

text: tiger

text: salamander

text: Ambystoma

text: velasci

text: one

text: of

text: possibly

text: many

text: amphibians

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

question: Canis latrans is what animal?

answer: coyote

text: coyote

question: Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers?

answer: American black bear

text: American black bear

question: The main cause of degradation has been what?

answer: grazing

text: grazing

question: What type of snake is most popular in the region with many different species?

answer: rattlesnake

text: rattlesnake


text: On runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway. Runway edge lighting consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edge. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lights that run down the centerline of the runway and lights that help indicate the approach (an approach lighting system, or ALS). Low-traffic airports may use pilot controlled lighting to save electricity and staffing costs.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: On

text: runways

text: green

text: lights

text: indicate

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: runway

text: for

text: landing

text: while

text: red

text: lights

text: indicate

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: runway

text: Runway

text: edge

text: lighting

text: consists

text: of

text: white

text: lights

text: spaced

text: out

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: runway

text: indicating

text: the

text: edge

text: Some

text: airports

text: have

text: more

text: complicated

text: lighting

text: on

text: the

text: runways

text: including

text: lights

text: that

text: run

text: down

text: the

text: centerline

text: of

text: the

text: runway

text: and

text: lights

text: that

text: help

text: indicate

text: the

text: approach

text: an

text: approach

text: lighting

text: system

text: or

text: ALS

text: Low

text: traffic

text: airports

text: may

text: use

text: pilot

text: controlled

text: lighting

text: to

text: save

text: electricity

text: and

text: staffing

text: costs

question: On runways, what indicate the beginning of the runway for landing?

answer: green lights

text: green lights

question: On runways, what indicate the end of the runway?

answer: red lights

text: red lights

question: What indicates the edge of a runway?

answer: white lights

text: white lights

question: What may low-traffic airports use to save electricity and staffing costs?

answer: pilot controlled lighting

text: pilot controlled lighting

question: What does ALS stand for?

answer: approach lighting system

text: approach lighting system

question: What does runway edge lighting indicate for landing?

text: the beginning of the runway

question: What marks the end of the ALS at low-traffic airports?

text: red lights

question: What does using an ALS help save?

text: electricity and staffing costs

question: What does pilot controlled lighting consist of?

question: What do red lights down the the center of the runway indicate?

text: the end of the runway


text: In Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. On February 11–12, 1989, the Ukrainian Language Society held its founding congress. On February 15, 1989, the formation of the Initiative Committee for the Renewal of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church was announced. The program and statutes of the movement were proposed by the Writers Association of Ukraine and were published in the journal Literaturna Ukraina on February 16, 1989. The organization heralded Ukrainian dissidents such as Vyacheslav Chornovil.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: Ukraine

text: Lviv

text: and

text: Kiev

text: celebrated

text: Ukrainian

text: Independence

text: Day

text: on

text: January

text: Thousands

text: gathered

text: in

text: Lviv

text: for

text: an

text: unauthorized

text: moleben

text: religious

text: service

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: St.

text: George

text: 's

text: Cathedral

text: In

text: Kiev

text: activists

text: met

text: in

text: a

text: Kiev

text: apartment

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: proclamation

text: of

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: in

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Language

text: Society

text: held

text: its

text: founding

text: congress

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Initiative

text: Committee

text: for

text: the

text: Renewal

text: of

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Autocephalous

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: was

text: announced

text: The

text: program

text: and

text: statutes

text: of

text: the

text: movement

text: were

text: proposed

text: by

text: the

text: Writers

text: Association

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: journal

text: Literaturna

text: Ukraina

text: on

text: February

text: The

text: organization

text: heralded

text: Ukrainian

text: dissidents

text: such

text: as

text: Vyacheslav

text: Chornovil

question: What is commemorated on January 22 in Ukraine?

answer: Ukrainian Independence Day

text: Ukrainian Independence Day

question: What is a moleben?

answer: religious service

text: religious service

question: Where was the moleben held?

answer: in front of St. George's Cathedral.

text: in front of St. George's Cathedral.


text: Inimitability of the Quran (or "I'jaz") is the belief that no human speech can match the Quran in its content and form. The Quran is considered an inimitable miracle by Muslims, effective until the Day of Resurrection—and, thereby, the central proof granted to Muhammad in authentication of his prophetic status. The concept of inimitability originates in the Quran where in five different verses opponents are challenged to produce something like the Quran: "If men and sprites banded together to produce the like of this Quran they would never produce its like not though they backed one another." So the suggestion is that if there are doubts concerning the divine authorship of the Quran, come forward and create something like it. From the ninth century, numerous works appeared which studied the Quran and examined its style and content. Medieval Muslim scholars including al-Jurjani (d. 1078) and al-Baqillani (d. 1013) have written treatises on the subject, discussed its various aspects, and used linguistic approaches to study the Quran. Others argue that the Quran contains noble ideas, has inner meanings, maintained its freshness through the ages and has caused great transformations in individual level and in the history. Some scholars state that the Quran contains scientific information that agrees with modern science. The doctrine of miraculousness of the Quran is further emphasized by Muhammad's illiteracy since the unlettered prophet could not have been suspected of composing the Quran.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: Inimitability

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: or

text: I'jaz

text: is

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: no

text: human

text: speech

text: can

text: match

text: the

text: Quran

text: in

text: its

text: content

text: and

text: form

text: The

text: Quran

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: inimitable

text: miracle

text: by

text: Muslims

text: effective

text: until

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: Resurrection

text: and

text: thereby

text: the

text: central

text: proof

text: granted

text: to

text: Muhammad

text: in

text: authentication

text: of

text: his

text: prophetic

text: status

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: inimitability

text: originates

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: where

text: in

text: five

text: different

text: verses

text: opponents

text: are

text: challenged

text: to

text: produce

text: something

text: like

text: the

text: Quran

text: If

text: men

text: and

text: sprites

text: banded

text: together

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: like

text: of

text: this

text: Quran

text: they

text: would

text: never

text: produce

text: its

text: like

text: not

text: though

text: they

text: backed

text: one

text: another

text: So

text: the

text: suggestion

text: is

text: that

text: if

text: there

text: are

text: doubts

text: concerning

text: the

text: divine

text: authorship

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: come

text: forward

text: and

text: create

text: something

text: like

text: it

text: From

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: numerous

text: works

text: appeared

text: which

text: studied

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: examined

text: its

text: style

text: and

text: content

text: Medieval

text: Muslim

text: scholars

text: including

text: al

text: Jurjani

text: d.

text: and

text: al

text: Baqillani

text: d.

text: have

text: written

text: treatises

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: discussed

text: its

text: various

text: aspects

text: and

text: used

text: linguistic

text: approaches

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: Quran

text: Others

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: Quran

text: contains

text: noble

text: ideas

text: has

text: inner

text: meanings

text: maintained

text: its

text: freshness

text: through

text: the

text: ages

text: and

text: has

text: caused

text: great

text: transformations

text: in

text: individual

text: level

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: Some

text: scholars

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: Quran

text: contains

text: scientific

text: information

text: that

text: agrees

text: with

text: modern

text: science

text: The

text: doctrine

text: of

text: miraculousness

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: is

text: further

text: emphasized

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: illiteracy

text: since

text: the

text: unlettered

text: prophet

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: suspected

text: of

text: composing

text: the

text: Quran

question: What term indicates that the contents of the Quran cannot be reproduced in speech?

answer: I'jaz

text: I'jaz

question: Until what day is the Quran believed to be in effect?

answer: Day of Resurrection

text: Day of Resurrection

question: In which year did the Medieval Muslim scholar al-Baqillani die?

answer: 1013

question: Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078?

answer: al-Jurjani

text: al-Jurjani

question: What term indicates that the contents of the Quran should be reproduced in speech?

text: I'jaz

question: Until what day is the Quran believed to not be in effect?

text: until the Day of Resurrection

question: In which year did the Medieval Muslim scholar al-Baqillani survive illness?

question: Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1087?

text: al-Jurjani

question: Which Jewish scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078?

text: al-Jurjani


text: She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb; uniquely (amongst women) Accepted into service by God; cared for by (one of the prophets as per Islam) Zakariya (Zacharias); that in her childhood she resided in the Temple and uniquely had access to Al-Mihrab (understood to be the Holy of Holies), and was provided with heavenly "provisions" by God.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: She

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: woman

text: directly

text: named

text: in

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: declared

text: uniquely

text: along

text: with

text: Jesus

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: Sign

text: of

text: God

text: to

text: humanity

text: as

text: one

text: who

text: guarded

text: her

text: chastity

text: an

text: obedient

text: one

text: chosen

text: of

text: her

text: mother

text: and

text: dedicated

text: to

text: Allah

text: whilst

text: still

text: in

text: the

text: womb

text: uniquely

text: amongst

text: women

text: Accepted

text: into

text: service

text: by

text: God

text: cared

text: for

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: prophets

text: as

text: per

text: Islam

text: Zakariya

text: Zacharias

text: that

text: in

text: her

text: childhood

text: she

text: resided

text: in

text: the

text: Temple

text: and

text: uniquely

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: Al

text: Mihrab

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Holy

text: of

text: Holies

text: and

text: was

text: provided

text: with

text: heavenly

text: provisions

text: by

text: God

question: To whom was Mary dedicated while still in the womb?

answer: Allah

text: Allah

question: Which prophet cared for Mary?

answer: Zakariya

text: Zakariya

question: What is understood to be the Holy of Holies in Islam?

answer: Al-Mihrab

text: Al-Mihrab

question: Where did Mary reside in her chilhood?

answer: the Temple

text: the Temple

question: What did God provide for Mary?

answer: heavenly "provisions"

text: heavenly "provisions"

question: Who did Mary reside in the Temple with?

text: Zakariya

question: Who gave Mary unique access to Al-Mihrab?

text: Allah

question: Who provided Zakariya with heavenly "provisions"?

text: God

question: Who dedicated Mary to Allah while she still in her mother's womb?

text: Zakariya

question: Where did Mary's mother reside?

text: in the Temple


text: In The Open Society and Its Enemies and The Poverty of Historicism, Popper developed a critique of historicism and a defence of the "Open Society". Popper considered historicism to be the theory that history develops inexorably and necessarily according to knowable general laws towards a determinate end. He argued that this view is the principal theoretical presupposition underpinning most forms of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. He argued that historicism is founded upon mistaken assumptions regarding the nature of scientific law and prediction. Since the growth of human knowledge is a causal factor in the evolution of human history, and since "no society can predict, scientifically, its own future states of knowledge", it follows, he argued, that there can be no predictive science of human history. For Popper, metaphysical and historical indeterminism go hand in hand.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: In

text: The

text: Open

text: Society

text: and

text: Its

text: Enemies

text: and

text: The

text: Poverty

text: of

text: Historicism

text: Popper

text: developed

text: a

text: critique

text: of

text: historicism

text: and

text: a

text: defence

text: of

text: the

text: Open

text: Society

text: Popper

text: considered

text: historicism

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: history

text: develops

text: inexorably

text: and

text: necessarily

text: according

text: to

text: knowable

text: general

text: laws

text: towards

text: a

text: determinate

text: end

text: He

text: argued

text: that

text: this

text: view

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: theoretical

text: presupposition

text: underpinning

text: most

text: forms

text: of

text: authoritarianism

text: and

text: totalitarianism

text: He

text: argued

text: that

text: historicism

text: is

text: founded

text: upon

text: mistaken

text: assumptions

text: regarding

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: scientific

text: law

text: and

text: prediction

text: Since

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: is

text: a

text: causal

text: factor

text: in

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: human

text: history

text: and

text: since

text: no

text: society

text: can

text: predict

text: scientifically

text: its

text: own

text: future

text: states

text: of

text: knowledge

text: it

text: follows

text: he

text: argued

text: that

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: no

text: predictive

text: science

text: of

text: human

text: history

text: For

text: Popper

text: metaphysical

text: and

text: historical

text: indeterminism

text: go

text: hand

text: in

text: hand

question: Which of Popper's works criticized the idea that history has an inexorable developmental path?

answer: The Poverty of Historicism

text: The Poverty of Historicism

question: What is the term for the view that there are discoverable general laws constraining history's development?

answer: historicism

text: historicism

question: What political forms did Popper believe historicism supported?

answer: authoritarianism and totalitarianism

text: authoritarianism and totalitarianism

question: What unpredictable feature of the world did Popper say refuted historicism?

answer: the growth of human knowledge

text: the growth of human knowledge

question: In what book did Popper defend historicism?

question: Who criticized the "Open Society"?

text: Popper

question: What did Einstein consider historicism to be?

question: What did Popper argue is founded on correct assumptions regarding the nature of scientific law and prediction?

text: historicism

question: What can predict its own future states of knowledge?

text: society


text: A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: A

text: move

text: to

text: permanent

text: daylight

text: saving

text: time

text: staying

text: on

text: summer

text: hours

text: all

text: year

text: with

text: no

text: time

text: shifts

text: is

text: sometimes

text: advocated

text: and

text: has

text: in

text: fact

text: been

text: implemented

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: such

text: as

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: Iceland

text: Singapore

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Belarus

text: Advocates

text: cite

text: the

text: same

text: advantages

text: as

text: normal

text: DST

text: without

text: the

text: problems

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: twice

text: yearly

text: time

text: shifts

text: However

text: many

text: remain

text: unconvinced

text: of

text: the

text: benefits

text: citing

text: the

text: same

text: problems

text: and

text: the

text: relatively

text: late

text: sunrises

text: particularly

text: in

text: winter

text: that

text: year

text: round

text: DST

text: entails

text: Russia

text: switched

text: to

text: permanent

text: DST

text: from

text: to

text: but

text: the

text: move

text: proved

text: unpopular

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: sunrises

text: in

text: winter

text: so

text: the

text: country

text: switched

text: permanently

text: back

text: to

text: standard

text: or

text: winter

text: time

text: in

question: What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?

answer: permanent daylight saving time

text: permanent daylight saving time

question: Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?

answer: time shifts

text: time shifts

question: In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?

answer: late

text: late

question: During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?

answer: 2011 to 2014

text: 2011 to 2014

question: In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?

answer: winter

text: winter


text: Boston has been called the "Athens of America" for its literary culture, earning a reputation as "the intellectual capital of the United States." In the nineteenth century, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, James Russell Lowell, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in Boston. Some consider the Old Corner Bookstore, where these writers met and where The Atlantic Monthly was first published, to be "cradle of American literature. In 1852, the Boston Public Library was founded as the first free library in the United States. Boston's literary culture continues today thanks to the city's many universities and the Boston Book Festival.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: Athens

text: of

text: America

text: for

text: its

text: literary

text: culture

text: earning

text: a

text: reputation

text: as

text: the

text: intellectual

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Ralph

text: Waldo

text: Emerson

text: Henry

text: David

text: Thoreau

text: Nathaniel

text: Hawthorne

text: Margaret

text: Fuller

text: James

text: Russell

text: Lowell

text: and

text: Henry

text: Wadsworth

text: Longfellow

text: wrote

text: in

text: Boston

text: Some

text: consider

text: the

text: Old

text: Corner

text: Bookstore

text: where

text: these

text: writers

text: met

text: and

text: where

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Monthly

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: to

text: be

text: cradle

text: of

text: American

text: literature

text: In

text: the

text: Boston

text: Public

text: Library

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: free

text: library

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Boston

text: 's

text: literary

text: culture

text: continues

text: today

text: thanks

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: many

text: universities

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: Book

text: Festival

question: Known for its literary culture, Boston has also been called what?

answer: Athens of America

text: Athens of America

question: What century did Ralph Waldo Emerson write in?

answer: the nineteenth century

text: the nineteenth century

question: What was the name of the bookstore the authors met in?

answer: Old Corner Bookstore

text: Old Corner Bookstore

question: Where was the Atlantic Monthly first published?

answer: the Old Corner Bookstore

text: the Old Corner Bookstore

question: What year was the Boston Public Library founded?

answer: 1852


text: Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the ceremony are to preserve girls' chastity, provide tribute labour for the Queen mother, and to encourage solidarity by working together. The royal family appoints a commoner maiden to be "induna" (captain) of the girls and she announces over the radio the dates of the ceremony. She will be an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol. One of the King's daughters will be her counterpart.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: Swaziland

text: 's

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: cultural

text: event

text: is

text: the

text: annual

text: Umhlanga

text: Reed

text: Dance

text: In

text: the

text: eight

text: day

text: ceremony

text: girls

text: cut

text: reeds

text: and

text: present

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: queen

text: mother

text: and

text: then

text: dance

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: formal

text: competition

text: It

text: is

text: done

text: in

text: late

text: August

text: or

text: early

text: September

text: Only

text: childless

text: unmarried

text: girls

text: can

text: take

text: part

text: The

text: aims

text: of

text: the

text: ceremony

text: are

text: to

text: preserve

text: girls

text: chastity

text: provide

text: tribute

text: labour

text: for

text: the

text: Queen

text: mother

text: and

text: to

text: encourage

text: solidarity

text: by

text: working

text: together

text: The

text: royal

text: family

text: appoints

text: a

text: commoner

text: maiden

text: to

text: be

text: induna

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: girls

text: and

text: she

text: announces

text: over

text: the

text: radio

text: the

text: dates

text: of

text: the

text: ceremony

text: She

text: will

text: be

text: an

text: expert

text: dancer

text: and

text: knowledgeable

text: on

text: royal

text: protocol

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: daughters

text: will

text: be

text: her

text: counterpart

question: What is the most widely known event in Swazi culture?

answer: Umhlanga Reed Dance.

text: Umhlanga Reed Dance.

question: How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: During what time of year is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: late August or early September

text: late August or early September

question: What individuals can take part in the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: childless, unmarried girls

text: childless, unmarried girls

question: As it relates to girls, what is the purpose of the Umhlanga Reed Dance?

answer: to preserve girls' chastity

text: to preserve girls' chastity

question: What is Swazilands oldest cultural event?

text: Umhlanga Reed Dance

question: Who cuts reeds and then dances for their mothers?

text: girls

question: Who's daughter becomes the Induna?

text: the King's

question: What fosters loyalty to the Queen Mother?

text: Umhlanga Reed Dance


text: In the 2005 OECD report for Greece, it was clearly stated that "the impact of new accounting rules on the fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999 ranged from 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP; this retroactive change of methodology was responsible for the revised deficit exceeding 3% in 1999, the year of [Greece's] EMU membership qualification". The above led the Greek minister of finance to clarify that the 1999 budget deficit was below the prescribed 3% limit when calculated with the ESA79 methodology in force at the time of Greece's application, and thus the criteria had been met.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: In

text: the

text: OECD

text: report

text: for

text: Greece

text: it

text: was

text: clearly

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: new

text: accounting

text: rules

text: on

text: the

text: fiscal

text: figures

text: for

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: ranged

text: from

text: to

text: percentage

text: point

text: of

text: GDP

text: this

text: retroactive

text: change

text: of

text: methodology

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: revised

text: deficit

text: exceeding

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: Greece

text: 's

text: EMU

text: membership

text: qualification

text: The

text: above

text: led

text: the

text: Greek

text: minister

text: of

text: finance

text: to

text: clarify

text: that

text: the

text: budget

text: deficit

text: was

text: below

text: the

text: prescribed

text: limit

text: when

text: calculated

text: with

text: the

text: methodology

text: in

text: force

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Greece

text: 's

text: application

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: criteria

text: had

text: been

text: met

question: Who provided a report for Greece in 2005?

answer: OECD

text: OECD

question: What was the range of the impact of the new accounting rules on the Greek fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999?

answer: 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP

text: 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP

question: What was the year of Greece's EMU membership qualification?

answer: 1999

question: What methodology was in force when Greece submitted its membership qualification?

answer: ESA79

question: What did the Greek minister of finance clarify the 1999 budget was below when calculated with the ESA79 methodology?

answer: the prescribed 3% limit

text: the prescribed 3% limit

question: Who burned a report for Greece in 2005?

text: OECD

question: What was the range of the impact of the new accounting rules on the Greek fiscal figures for the years 1990 to 1979?

text: 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP

question: What was the year of Greece's EMU membership disqualification?

question: What methodology was not in force when Greece submitted its membership qualification?

question: What did the Greek minister of finance clarify the 1999 budget was above when calculated with the ESA79 methodology?

text: the prescribed 3% limit


text: Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cells and extracellular components, forming secondary structures, such as microcolonies, through which there are networks of channels to enable better diffusion of nutrients. In natural environments, such as soil or the surfaces of plants, the majority of bacteria are bound to surfaces in biofilms. Biofilms are also important in medicine, as these structures are often present during chronic bacterial infections or in infections of implanted medical devices, and bacteria protected within biofilms are much harder to kill than individual isolated bacteria.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Bacteria

text: often

text: attach

text: to

text: surfaces

text: and

text: form

text: dense

text: aggregations

text: called

text: biofilms

text: or

text: bacterial

text: mats

text: These

text: films

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: a

text: few

text: micrometers

text: in

text: thickness

text: to

text: up

text: to

text: half

text: a

text: meter

text: in

text: depth

text: and

text: may

text: contain

text: multiple

text: species

text: of

text: bacteria

text: protists

text: and

text: archaea

text: Bacteria

text: living

text: in

text: biofilms

text: display

text: a

text: complex

text: arrangement

text: of

text: cells

text: and

text: extracellular

text: components

text: forming

text: secondary

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: microcolonies

text: through

text: which

text: there

text: are

text: networks

text: of

text: channels

text: to

text: enable

text: better

text: diffusion

text: of

text: nutrients

text: In

text: natural

text: environments

text: such

text: as

text: soil

text: or

text: the

text: surfaces

text: of

text: plants

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: bacteria

text: are

text: bound

text: to

text: surfaces

text: in

text: biofilms

text: Biofilms

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: in

text: medicine

text: as

text: these

text: structures

text: are

text: often

text: present

text: during

text: chronic

text: bacterial

text: infections

text: or

text: in

text: infections

text: of

text: implanted

text: medical

text: devices

text: and

text: bacteria

text: protected

text: within

text: biofilms

text: are

text: much

text: harder

text: to

text: kill

text: than

text: individual

text: isolated

text: bacteria

question: What does bacteria use to adhere to surfaces?

answer: biofilms

text: biofilms

question: How extent can biofilm be?

answer: up to half a meter in depth

text: up to half a meter in depth

question: What is part of secondary structure in the complex formation of bacteria?

answer: microcolonies,

text: microcolonies,

question: What is the purpose of networks of channels in microcolonies?

answer: to enable better diffusion of nutrients

text: to enable better diffusion of nutrients

question: Which bacteria is more difficult to eradicate?

answer: bacteria protected within biofilms

text: bacteria protected within biofilms


text: Full-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over the 5 V power bus in addition to baseline 900 mA; devices can either negotiate increased USB current through the configuration line, or they can support the full Power Delivery specification using both BMC-coded configuration line and legacy BFSK-coded VBUS line.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Full

text: featured

text: USB

text: Type

text: C

text: cables

text: are

text: active

text: electronically

text: marked

text: cables

text: that

text: contain

text: a

text: chip

text: with

text: an

text: ID

text: function

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: configuration

text: data

text: channel

text: and

text: vendor

text: defined

text: messages

text: VDMs

text: from

text: the

text: USB

text: Power

text: Delivery

text: specification

text: USB

text: Type

text: C

text: devices

text: also

text: support

text: power

text: currents

text: of

text: A

text: and

text: A

text: over

text: the

text: V

text: power

text: bus

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: baseline

text: mA

text: devices

text: can

text: either

text: negotiate

text: increased

text: USB

text: current

text: through

text: the

text: configuration

text: line

text: or

text: they

text: can

text: support

text: the

text: full

text: Power

text: Delivery

text: specification

text: using

text: both

text: BMC

text: coded

text: configuration

text: line

text: and

text: legacy

text: BFSK

text: coded

text: VBUS

text: line

question: What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain?

answer: active, electronically marked cables

text: active, electronically marked cables

question: Electronically marked cables have a chip that contains what?

answer: an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages

text: an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages

question: What is the shortened version of vendor-defined messages?

answer: (VDMs)

text: (VDMs)


text: In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, married Elaine Goodale, a European-American woman from New England. They met and worked together in Dakota Territory when she was Superintendent of Indian Education and he was a doctor for the reservations. His maternal grandfather was Seth Eastman, an artist and Army officer from New England, who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: three

text: European

text: American

text: middle

text: class

text: female

text: teachers

text: married

text: Indigenous

text: American

text: men

text: they

text: had

text: met

text: at

text: Hampton

text: Institute

text: during

text: the

text: years

text: when

text: it

text: ran

text: its

text: Indian

text: program

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Charles

text: Eastman

text: a

text: physician

text: of

text: European

text: and

text: Sioux

text: ancestry

text: who

text: trained

text: at

text: Boston

text: University

text: married

text: Elaine

text: Goodale

text: a

text: European

text: American

text: woman

text: from

text: New

text: England

text: They

text: met

text: and

text: worked

text: together

text: in

text: Dakota

text: Territory

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: Superintendent

text: of

text: Indian

text: Education

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: doctor

text: for

text: the

text: reservations

text: His

text: maternal

text: grandfather

text: was

text: Seth

text: Eastman

text: an

text: artist

text: and

text: Army

text: officer

text: from

text: New

text: England

text: who

text: had

text: married

text: a

text: Sioux

text: woman

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: daughter

text: with

text: her

text: while

text: stationed

text: at

text: Fort

text: Snelling

text: in

text: Minnesota

question: Who was a doctor?

answer: Charles Eastman

text: Charles Eastman

question: Who was the doctor related to?

answer: Seth Eastman

text: Seth Eastman

question: Who did the relative of the doctor marry?

answer: Sioux woman

text: Sioux woman

question: Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute?

answer: three European-American middle-class female teachers

text: three European-American middle-class female teachers

question: What tribe was Eastman related to?

answer: Sioux

text: Sioux

question: How many African-American teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute?

text: three

question: What was the name of the woman Seth Eastman married?

text: Elaine Goodale

question: Who was a lawyer of European and Sioux ancestry?

text: Charles Eastman

question: Who did Seth Eastman have a son with?

text: Sioux woman

question: Where was Seth Eastman stationed in South Dakota?

text: Fort Snelling


text: The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: The

text: earliest

text: surviving

text: written

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: architecture

text: is

text: De

text: architectura

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: architect

text: Vitruvius

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: AD

text: According

text: to

text: Vitruvius

text: a

text: good

text: building

text: should

text: satisfy

text: the

text: three

text: principles

text: of

text: firmitas

text: utilitas

text: venustas

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: original

text: translation

text: firmness

text: commodity

text: and

text: delight

text: An

text: equivalent

text: in

text: modern

text: English

text: would

text: be

question: What is the oldest architecture plans that has survived?

answer: De architectura

text: De architectura

question: Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans?

answer: Roman architect Vitruvius

text: Roman architect Vitruvius

question: When did Vitruvius create these plans?

answer: 1st century AD.

text: 1st century AD.

question: What are the three principles every plan should consider?

answer: firmness, commodity and delight.

text: firmness, commodity and delight.

question: What is the first known extant writing about architecture called?

answer: De architectura

text: De architectura

question: Who was the author of  De architectura?

answer: Vitruvius

text: Vitruvius

question: What was Vitruvius' profession?

answer: architect

text: architect

question: What were Vitruvius' three principles for a well made building?

answer: firmitas, utilitas, venustas

text: firmitas, utilitas, venustas

question: What is the commonly seen English translation of the three principles?

answer: firmness, commodity and delight

text: firmness, commodity and delight

question: What is the youngest architecture plans that has survived?

text: De architectura

question: Who created the most recent surviving architecture plans?

text: Vitruvius

question: What was written in the 2nd century AD?

question: What was Vitruvius' fourth principles for a well made building?

text: delight

question: What is the commonly seen French translation of the three principles?

text: firmitas, utilitas, venustas


text: As of 21 February 2016[update] Spectre has grossed $879.3 million worldwide; $138.1 million of the takings have been generated from the UK market and $199.8 million from North America.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: As

text: of

text: February

text: Spectre

text: has

text: grossed

text: million

text: worldwide

text: million

text: of

text: the

text: takings

text: have

text: been

text: generated

text: from

text: the

text: UK

text: market

text: and

text: million

text: from

text: North

text: America

question: How much money had Spectre made by 2/21/2016?

answer: $879.3 million

text: $879.3 million

question: How much revenue did Spectre generate from the United States, Mexico and Canada by 2/21/2016?

answer: $199.8 million

text: $199.8 million

question: How much revenue did Spectre produce from the British, Scottish, and Irish market by 2/21/2016?

answer: $138.1 million

text: $138.1 million

question: As of 21 February 2006, Spectre has grossed how much worldwide?

text: $879.3 million

question: $138.1 million has been generated from the French what?

text: market

question: $199.8 million has been generated from the Greek what?

text: market

question: Spectre grossed $929.3 million worldwide as of what date?

text: 21 February 2016


text: The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3. In international politics within the United Nations, the Marshall Islands has often voted consistently with the United States with respect to General Assembly resolutions.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: was

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Security

text: Council

text: 's

text: recommendation

text: on

text: August

text: in

text: Resolution

text: and

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: 's

text: approval

text: on

text: September

text: in

text: Resolution

text: In

text: international

text: politics

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: has

text: often

text: voted

text: consistently

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: General

text: Assembly

text: resolutions

question: When did the UN Security Council recommend that the Marshall Islands be allowed to join the UN?

answer: August 9, 1991

text: August 9, 1991

question: When did the UN General Assembly approve the Marshall Islands joining the UN?

answer: September 17, 1991

text: September 17, 1991

question: What nation does the Marshall Islands vote similarly to in the General Assembly?

answer: the United States

text: the United States

question: What Security Council Resolution recommended that the Marshall Islands be allowed to join the UN?

answer: Resolution 704

text: Resolution 704


text: Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: Since

text: approximately

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: have

text: been

text: revitalized

text: with

text: new

text: restaurants

text: nightlife

text: and

text: small

text: retail

text: stores

text: In

text: particular

text: the

text: area

text: surrounding

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: Green

text: has

text: experienced

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: apartments

text: and

text: condominiums

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: downtown

text: retail

text: options

text: have

text: increased

text: with

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: new

text: stores

text: such

text: as

text: Urban

text: Oufitters

text: J

text: Crew

text: Origins

text: American

text: Apparel

text: Gant

text: Clothing

text: and

text: an

text: Apple

text: Store

text: joining

text: older

text: stores

text: such

text: as

text: Barnes

text: Noble

text: Cutlers

text: Records

text: and

text: Raggs

text: Clothing

text: In

text: addition

text: downtown

text: 's

text: growing

text: residential

text: population

text: will

text: be

text: served

text: by

text: two

text: new

text: supermarkets

text: a

text: Stop

text: Shop

text: just

text: outside

text: downtown

text: and

text: Elm

text: City

text: Market

text: located

text: one

text: block

text: from

text: the

text: Green

text: The

text: recent

text: turnaround

text: of

text: downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: has

text: received

text: positive

text: press

text: from

text: various

text: periodicals

question: In approximately what year did revitalization most recently begin to occur in downtown New Haven?

answer: 2000

question: What specific area of downtown New Haven enjoyed a notable increase in apartments in condominiums at the beginning of the current century?

answer: the area surrounding the New Haven Green

text: the area surrounding the New Haven Green

question: What specific service sector has substantially increased in downtown New Haven in recent years?

answer: retail

text: retail

question: In addition to Stop & Shop, what new supermarket is located one block from the Green and is poised to serve the growing downtown population?

answer: Elm City Market

text: Elm City Market

question: In the 21st Century what has happen to most of Downtown New Haven in terms of retail?

answer: the opening of new stores

text: the opening of new stores

question: How has the media perceive most of these changes to the Downtown area?

answer: positive press from various periodicals.

text: positive press from various periodicals.

question: What has happen in New Haven Green during the 2000s?

answer: experienced an influx of apartments

text: experienced an influx of apartments

question: Including to the growth, what market chain have expanded nearby Downtown New Haven?

answer: Stop & Shop

text: Stop & Shop


text: The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to the world's first football league, which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. The original format contained 12 clubs from the Midlands and Northern England.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: football

text: competition

text: is

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: C.

text: W.

text: Alcock

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: contested

text: by

text: English

text: teams

text: since

text: The

text: first

text: official

text: international

text: football

text: match

text: also

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: between

text: Scotland

text: and

text: England

text: in

text: Glasgow

text: again

text: at

text: the

text: instigation

text: of

text: C.

text: W.

text: Alcock

text: England

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: football

text: league

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Birmingham

text: in

text: by

text: Aston

text: Villa

text: director

text: William

text: McGregor

text: The

text: original

text: format

text: contained

text: clubs

text: from

text: the

text: Midlands

text: and

text: Northern

text: England

question: What is C.W. Alcock responsible for founding?

answer: FA Cup

text: FA Cup

question: How long has the FA Cup been contested?

answer: 1872

question: Who founded the worlds first football league?

answer: William McGregor

text: William McGregor

question: How many clubs where in the first football league?

answer: 12

question: What country is the home of the first football league?

answer: England

text: England

question: What is C.W. Alcock responsible for eliminating?

text: FA Cup

question: How long has the FA Cup been uncontested?

question: Who founded the worlds smallest football league?

text: William McGregor

question: How many clubs were in the last football league?

question: What country is the first football league forgotten in?

text: England


text: The assumption of the use of a two-beamed cross does not determine the number of nails used in the crucifixion and some theories suggest three nails while others suggest four nails. However, throughout history larger numbers of nails have been hypothesized, at times as high as 14 nails. These variations are also present in the artistic depictions of the crucifixion. In the Western Church, before the Renaissance usually four nails would be depicted, with the feet side by side. After the Renaissance most depictions use three nails, with one foot placed on the other. Nails are almost always depicted in art, although Romans sometimes just tied the victims to the cross. The tradition also carries to Christian emblems, e.g. the Jesuits use three nails under the IHS monogram and a cross to symbolize the crucifixion.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: assumption

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: two

text: beamed

text: cross

text: does

text: not

text: determine

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: nails

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: and

text: some

text: theories

text: suggest

text: three

text: nails

text: while

text: others

text: suggest

text: four

text: nails

text: However

text: throughout

text: history

text: larger

text: numbers

text: of

text: nails

text: have

text: been

text: hypothesized

text: at

text: times

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: nails

text: These

text: variations

text: are

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: artistic

text: depictions

text: of

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: Church

text: before

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: usually

text: four

text: nails

text: would

text: be

text: depicted

text: with

text: the

text: feet

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: After

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: most

text: depictions

text: use

text: three

text: nails

text: with

text: one

text: foot

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: Nails

text: are

text: almost

text: always

text: depicted

text: in

text: art

text: although

text: Romans

text: sometimes

text: just

text: tied

text: the

text: victims

text: to

text: the

text: cross

text: The

text: tradition

text: also

text: carries

text: to

text: Christian

text: emblems

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Jesuits

text: use

text: three

text: nails

text: under

text: the

text: IHS

text: monogram

text: and

text: a

text: cross

text: to

text: symbolize

text: the

text: crucifixion

question: How many nails were suggested they used for the crucifixion?

answer: three nails

text: three nails

question: According to some sources, what is theorized to be the maximum nails used?

answer: 14 nails

text: 14 nails

question: What adds to the confusion of the number of nails used?

answer: artistic depictions of the crucifixion

text: artistic depictions of the crucifixion

question: What do all artworks have in common regarding the crucifixion?

answer: Nails are almost always depicted

text: Nails are almost always depicted

question: Jesuits claim how many nails were used?

answer: three nails

text: three nails

question: How many paintings have been made about the crucifixion?

question: Before the Renaissance where did Jesuits usually place their art?

text: side by side

question: What artistic medium was appreciated by Romans?

text: art

question: There were 14 western churches before what period?

text: the Renaissance

question: What are Romans usually depicted in?

text: art


text: From the German point of view, March 1941 saw an improvement. The Luftwaffe flew 4,000 sorties that month, including 12 major and three heavy attacks. The electronic war intensified but the Luftwaffe flew major inland missions only on moonlit nights. Ports were easier to find and made better targets. To confuse the British, radio silence was observed until the bombs fell. X- and Y-Gerät beams were placed over false targets and switched only at the last minute. Rapid frequency changes were introduced for X-Gerät, whose wider band of frequencies and greater tactical flexibility ensured it remained effective at a time when British selective jamming was degrading the effectiveness of Y-Gerät.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: From

text: the

text: German

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: March

text: saw

text: an

text: improvement

text: The

text: Luftwaffe

text: flew

text: sorties

text: that

text: month

text: including

text: major

text: and

text: three

text: heavy

text: attacks

text: The

text: electronic

text: war

text: intensified

text: but

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: flew

text: major

text: inland

text: missions

text: only

text: on

text: moonlit

text: nights

text: Ports

text: were

text: easier

text: to

text: find

text: and

text: made

text: better

text: targets

text: To

text: confuse

text: the

text: British

text: radio

text: silence

text: was

text: observed

text: until

text: the

text: bombs

text: fell

text: X-

text: and

text: Y

text: Gerät

text: beams

text: were

text: placed

text: over

text: false

text: targets

text: and

text: switched

text: only

text: at

text: the

text: last

text: minute

text: Rapid

text: frequency

text: changes

text: were

text: introduced

text: for

text: X

text: Gerät

text: whose

text: wider

text: band

text: of

text: frequencies

text: and

text: greater

text: tactical

text: flexibility

text: ensured

text: it

text: remained

text: effective

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: British

text: selective

text: jamming

text: was

text: degrading

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: Y

text: Gerät

question: How many sorties were flown in March 1941?

answer: 4,000

question: When did the Luftwaffe fly inland missions?

answer: only on moonlit nights

text: only on moonlit nights

question: Why were ports better targets?

answer: Ports were easier to find

text: Ports were easier to find

question: How did the Germans confuse the British?

answer: radio silence was observed until the bombs fell

text: radio silence was observed until the bombs fell

question: Why was the X-Gerat frequencies used more?

answer: British selective jamming was degrading the effectiveness of Y-Gerät

text: British selective jamming was degrading the effectiveness of Y-Gerät


text: Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie groups are the symmetry groups used in the Standard Model of particle physics; Point groups are used to help understand symmetry phenomena in molecular chemistry; and Poincaré groups can express the physical symmetry underlying special relativity.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: Groups

text: share

text: a

text: fundamental

text: kinship

text: with

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: symmetry

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: symmetry

text: group

text: encodes

text: symmetry

text: features

text: of

text: a

text: geometrical

text: object

text: the

text: group

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: transformations

text: that

text: leave

text: the

text: object

text: unchanged

text: and

text: the

text: operation

text: of

text: combining

text: two

text: such

text: transformations

text: by

text: performing

text: one

text: after

text: the

text: other

text: Lie

text: groups

text: are

text: the

text: symmetry

text: groups

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Standard

text: Model

text: of

text: particle

text: physics

text: Point

text: groups

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: help

text: understand

text: symmetry

text: phenomena

text: in

text: molecular

text: chemistry

text: and

text: Poincaré

text: groups

text: can

text: express

text: the

text: physical

text: symmetry

text: underlying

text: special

text: relativity

question: What shares an essential relationship to groups?

answer: symmetry

text: symmetry

question: What are the symmetry groups utilized as a part of the Standard Model particle physics?

answer: Lie groups

text: Lie groups

question: What groups are are utilized toward comprehending symmetry wonders in chemistry?

answer: Point groups

text: Point groups

question: What groups can express the physical symmetry hidden behind special relativity?

answer: Poincaré groups

text: Poincaré groups

question: What encodes a symmetry group?

question: What are groups dissimilar to?

text: symmetry

question: Point groups are used in what form of physics?

text: particle

question: Poincare groups are used to understand molecular what?

text: chemistry

question: What do Lie groups express in terms of special relativity?

text: physical symmetry


text: Currents induced into this winding provide the rotor magnetic field. The shape of the rotor bars determines the speed-torque characteristics. At low speeds, the current induced in the squirrel cage is nearly at line frequency and tends to be in the outer parts of the rotor cage. As the motor accelerates, the slip frequency becomes lower, and more current is in the interior of the winding. By shaping the bars to change the resistance of the winding portions in the interior and outer parts of the cage, effectively a variable resistance is inserted in the rotor circuit. However, the majority of such motors have uniform bars.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Currents

text: induced

text: into

text: this

text: winding

text: provide

text: the

text: rotor

text: magnetic

text: field

text: The

text: shape

text: of

text: the

text: rotor

text: bars

text: determines

text: the

text: speed

text: torque

text: characteristics

text: At

text: low

text: speeds

text: the

text: current

text: induced

text: in

text: the

text: squirrel

text: cage

text: is

text: nearly

text: at

text: line

text: frequency

text: and

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: outer

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: rotor

text: cage

text: As

text: the

text: motor

text: accelerates

text: the

text: slip

text: frequency

text: becomes

text: lower

text: and

text: more

text: current

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: winding

text: By

text: shaping

text: the

text: bars

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: winding

text: portions

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: and

text: outer

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: cage

text: effectively

text: a

text: variable

text: resistance

text: is

text: inserted

text: in

text: the

text: rotor

text: circuit

text: However

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: such

text: motors

text: have

text: uniform

text: bars

question: What determines the properties of speed and torque?

answer: shape of the rotor bars

text: shape of the rotor bars

question: At high speed, where is the most current?

answer: interior of the winding

text: interior of the winding

question: Is the current frequency higher or lower at high speed?

answer: lower

text: lower

question: Changing the shapes of the bars creates what?

answer: variable resistance

text: variable resistance

question: Where can variable resistance be created?

answer: rotor circuit

text: rotor circuit

question: What doesn't determine the properties of speed and torque?

text: shaping the bars

question: At low speed, where is the most current?

text: interior of the winding

question: Is the non-current frequency higher or lower at high speed?

text: lower

question: Not changing the shapes of the bars creates what?

text: variable resistance

question: Where can variable resistance not be created?

text: rotor bars


text: Maria Deraismes was initiated into Freemasonry in 1882, then resigned to allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge. Having failed to achieve acceptance from any masonic governing body, she and Georges Martin started a mixed masonic lodge that actually worked masonic ritual. Annie Besant spread the phenomenon to the English speaking world. Disagreements over ritual led to the formation of exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England, which spread to other countries. Meanwhile, the French had re-invented Adoption as an all-female lodge in 1901, only to cast it aside again in 1935. The lodges, however, continued to meet, which gave rise, in 1959, to a body of women practising continental Freemasonry.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Maria

text: Deraismes

text: was

text: initiated

text: into

text: Freemasonry

text: in

text: then

text: resigned

text: to

text: allow

text: her

text: lodge

text: to

text: rejoin

text: their

text: Grand

text: Lodge

text: Having

text: failed

text: to

text: achieve

text: acceptance

text: from

text: any

text: masonic

text: governing

text: body

text: she

text: and

text: Georges

text: Martin

text: started

text: a

text: mixed

text: masonic

text: lodge

text: that

text: actually

text: worked

text: masonic

text: ritual

text: Annie

text: Besant

text: spread

text: the

text: phenomenon

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: Disagreements

text: over

text: ritual

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: exclusively

text: female

text: bodies

text: of

text: Freemasons

text: in

text: England

text: which

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: countries

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: French

text: had

text: re

text: invented

text: Adoption

text: as

text: an

text: all

text: female

text: lodge

text: in

text: only

text: to

text: cast

text: it

text: aside

text: again

text: in

text: The

text: lodges

text: however

text: continued

text: to

text: meet

text: which

text: gave

text: rise

text: in

text: to

text: a

text: body

text: of

text: women

text: practising

text: continental

text: Freemasonry

question: When was Maria Deraismes initiated into Freemasonry?

answer: 1882

question: Why did Deraismes resign from Freemasonry?

answer: allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge

text: allow her lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge

question: What led to exclusively female bodies of Freemasons in England?

answer: Disagreements over ritual

text: Disagreements over ritual

question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, started a mixed gender masonic lodge?

answer: Georges Martin

text: Georges Martin

question: Who brought the message of mixed gender, practicing masonic lodges to the English speaking?

answer: Annie Besant

text: Annie Besant

question: Who resigned from the Freemasons for their lodge to rejoin their Grand Lodge?

answer: Maria Deraismes

text: Maria Deraismes

question: What year was Maria Deraismes initiated into the Freemasons?

answer: 1882

question: Maria Deraismes and who else started a mixed masonic lodge?

answer: Georges Martin

text: Georges Martin

question: What year was an all-female masonic lodge created?

answer: 1901

question: What year was the all-female masonic lodge cast aside?

answer: 1935

question: When was Maria Deraismes assassinated in Freemasonry?

question: Why did Deraismes dislike Freemasonry?

text: their Grand Lodge

question: What led to exclusively transgender bodies of Freemasons in England?

text: Disagreements over ritual

question: Who, along with Maria Dersaismes, stopped a mixed gender masonic lodge?

text: Georges Martin

question: What year was an all-animal masonic lodge created?


text: Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen. During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound. Established bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and it reached a commercial peak in the 1980s, with glam metal bands like Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses, which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade. Hard rock began losing popularity with the commercial success of grunge and later Britpop in the 1990s.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Hard

text: rock

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: The

text: Who

text: Deep

text: Purple

text: Aerosmith

text: AC

text: DC

text: and

text: Van

text: Halen

text: During

text: the

text: some

text: hard

text: rock

text: bands

text: moved

text: away

text: from

text: their

text: hard

text: rock

text: roots

text: and

text: more

text: towards

text: pop

text: rock

text: while

text: others

text: began

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: a

text: hard

text: rock

text: sound

text: Established

text: bands

text: made

text: a

text: comeback

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: it

text: reached

text: a

text: commercial

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: glam

text: metal

text: bands

text: like

text: Bon

text: Jovi

text: and

text: Def

text: Leppard

text: and

text: the

text: rawer

text: sounds

text: of

text: Guns

text: N

text: Roses

text: which

text: followed

text: up

text: with

text: great

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: part

text: of

text: that

text: decade

text: Hard

text: rock

text: began

text: losing

text: popularity

text: with

text: the

text: commercial

text: success

text: of

text: grunge

text: and

text: later

text: Britpop

text: in

text: the

question: What are two examples of glam metal bands?

answer: Bon Jovi and Def Leppard

text: Bon Jovi and Def Leppard

question: What two genres cut into hard rock's popularity at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s?

answer: grunge and later Britpop

text: grunge and later Britpop

question: What were some hard rock bands of the 1970s?

answer: Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen

text: Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen

question: What style did some hard rock bands embrace in the 1980s?

answer: pop rock

text: pop rock

question: When did soft rock become a major form of popular music?

question: Which band became popular in the 1960s?

question: When did some bands move from pop rock to hard rock?

text: During the 1980s

question: What band made a come back in the mid-1990s?

text: Guns N' Roses

question: When did hard rock replace grunge and Britpop?

text: in the 1990s


text: The earthquake left at least 5 million people without housing, although the number could be as high as 11 million. Millions of livestock and a significant amount of agriculture were also destroyed, including 12.5 million animals, mainly birds. In the Sichuan province a million pigs died out of 60 million total. Catastrophe modeling firm AIR Worldwide reported official estimates of insurers' losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake; estimated total damages exceed US$20 billion. It values Chengdu, at the time having an urban population of 4.5 million people, at around US$115 billion, with only a small portion covered by insurance.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: earthquake

text: left

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: people

text: without

text: housing

text: although

text: the

text: number

text: could

text: be

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: million

text: Millions

text: of

text: livestock

text: and

text: a

text: significant

text: amount

text: of

text: agriculture

text: were

text: also

text: destroyed

text: including

text: million

text: animals

text: mainly

text: birds

text: In

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: province

text: a

text: million

text: pigs

text: died

text: out

text: of

text: million

text: total

text: Catastrophe

text: modeling

text: firm

text: AIR

text: Worldwide

text: reported

text: official

text: estimates

text: of

text: insurers

text: losses

text: at

text: US$

text: billion

text: from

text: the

text: earthquake

text: estimated

text: total

text: damages

text: exceed

text: US$

text: billion

text: It

text: values

text: Chengdu

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: having

text: an

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: around

text: US$

text: billion

text: with

text: only

text: a

text: small

text: portion

text: covered

text: by

text: insurance

question: How many people were left without housing?

answer: 5 million

text: 5 million

question: How many people could be potentially without housing?

answer: 11 million

text: 11 million

question: How many animals were killed?

answer: 12.5 million

text: 12.5 million

question: How many pigs died in Sichuan?

answer: 1 million

text: 1 million

question: Because of the earthquake, how many people did not have housing?

answer: at least 5 million

text: at least 5 million

question: How many people might actually be homeless?

answer: 11 million

text: 11 million

question: How much livestock was lost?

answer: 12.5 million animals

text: 12.5 million animals

question: How many pigs died from the earthquake in Sichuan ?

answer: a million

text: a million


text: Later interpretations of Avicenna's philosophy split into three different schools; those (such as al-Tusi) who continued to apply his philosophy as a system to interpret later political events and scientific advances; those (such as al-Razi) who considered Avicenna's theological works in isolation from his wider philosophical concerns; and those (such as al-Ghazali) who selectively used parts of his philosophy to support their own attempts to gain greater spiritual insights through a variety of mystical means. It was the theological interpretation championed by those such as al-Razi which eventually came to predominate in the madrasahs.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Later

text: interpretations

text: of

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: philosophy

text: split

text: into

text: three

text: different

text: schools

text: those

text: such

text: as

text: al

text: Tusi

text: who

text: continued

text: to

text: apply

text: his

text: philosophy

text: as

text: a

text: system

text: to

text: interpret

text: later

text: political

text: events

text: and

text: scientific

text: advances

text: those

text: such

text: as

text: al

text: Razi

text: who

text: considered

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: theological

text: works

text: in

text: isolation

text: from

text: his

text: wider

text: philosophical

text: concerns

text: and

text: those

text: such

text: as

text: al

text: Ghazali

text: who

text: selectively

text: used

text: parts

text: of

text: his

text: philosophy

text: to

text: support

text: their

text: own

text: attempts

text: to

text: gain

text: greater

text: spiritual

text: insights

text: through

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: mystical

text: means

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: theological

text: interpretation

text: championed

text: by

text: those

text: such

text: as

text: al

text: Razi

text: which

text: eventually

text: came

text: to

text: predominate

text: in

text: the

text: madrasahs

question: Which interpretation of Avicenna's work was more taught in Islamic schools?

answer: al-Razi

text: al-Razi

question: Interpretations of Avicenna's work split into how many different schools?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who used only parts of Avicenna's works to support their own great spiritual insights?

answer: al-Ghazali

text: al-Ghazali

question: Who used Avicenna's work to help understand future political events?

answer: al-Tusi

text: al-Tusi

question: What are Islamic schools also known as?

answer: madrasahs

text: madrasahs

question: Who's philosophy was spilt into 4 different schools?

text: Avicenna's

question: Which interpretation of Avicenna's work was banned in Islamic schools?

text: al-Razi)

question: What did al-Tusi believe Avicenna's theological works were isolated from?

text: his wider philosophical concerns

question: Who's philosophy did Avicenna use to gain greater spiritual insight?

text: al-Ghazali

question: Which interpretation of Avicenna's work was less taught in Islamic schools?

text: al-Razi

question: Misinterpretations of Avicenna's work split into how many different schools?

text: three

question: Who used only parts of Avicenna's works to reject their own great spiritual insights?

text: al-Ghazali

question: Who used Avicenna's work to help understand past political events?

text: al-Tusi

question: What are Islamic schools not known as?

text: madrasahs


text: However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate from the actual MP3 frame data. MP3 decoders either extract information from the tags, or just treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: However

text: several

text: de

text: facto

text: standards

text: for

text: tag

text: formats

text: exist

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: are

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: recently

text: introduced

text: These

text: tags

text: are

text: normally

text: embedded

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: or

text: end

text: of

text: files

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: actual

text: frame

text: data

text: decoders

text: either

text: extract

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: tags

text: or

text: just

text: treat

text: them

text: as

text: ignorable

text: non

text: junk

text: data

question: Other than the ID3v1, which similar standard format for tag exists?

answer: ID3v2

question: What is the most recently introduced standard for tag formatting?

answer: APEv2

question: What is the second place in a file that tags are normally stored, with the first being at the beginning?

answer: end

text: end

question: What is important to note about where the tags are stored?

answer: separate from the actual MP3 frame data

text: separate from the actual MP3 frame data

question: If the MP3 decoders do not extract information from the tags, what do they do to them?

answer: treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data

text: treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data


text: In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: the

text: counterpart

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: is

text: Sephardic

text: since

text: most

text: non

text: Ashkenazi

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: follow

text: Sephardic

text: rabbinical

text: authorities

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: they

text: are

text: ethnically

text: Sephardic

text: By

text: tradition

text: a

text: Sephardic

text: or

text: Mizrahi

text: woman

text: who

text: marries

text: into

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: or

text: Haredi

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jewish

text: family

text: raises

text: her

text: children

text: to

text: be

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: conversely

text: an

text: Ashkenazi

text: woman

text: who

text: marries

text: a

text: Sephardi

text: or

text: Mizrahi

text: man

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: Sephardic

text: practice

text: and

text: the

text: children

text: inherit

text: a

text: Sephardic

text: identity

text: though

text: in

text: practice

text: many

text: families

text: compromise

text: A

text: convert

text: generally

text: follows

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: the

text: beth

text: din

text: that

text: converted

text: him

text: or

text: her

text: With

text: the

text: integration

text: of

text: Jews

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: Israel

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: other

text: places

text: the

text: religious

text: definition

text: of

text: an

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jew

text: is

text: blurring

text: especially

text: outside

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

question: By tradition, when a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family she raises her children to be which type of Jew?

answer: Ashkenazi Jews

text: Ashkenazi Jews

question: When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity?

answer: children inherit a Sephardic identity

text: children inherit a Sephardic identity

question: A convert generally follows which practice?

answer: the practice of the beth din that converted him or her

text: the practice of the beth din that converted him or her


text: Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit. The first slot must contain a subject and object, a main form of a verb, an adverb or a conjunction (except for the light conjunctions a, "and", i, "and even" or ale, "but").

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Because

text: Czech

text: uses

text: grammatical

text: case

text: to

text: convey

text: word

text: function

text: in

text: a

text: sentence

text: instead

text: of

text: relying

text: on

text: word

text: order

text: as

text: English

text: does

text: its

text: word

text: order

text: is

text: flexible

text: As

text: a

text: pro

text: drop

text: language

text: in

text: Czech

text: an

text: intransitive

text: sentence

text: can

text: consist

text: of

text: only

text: a

text: verb

text: information

text: about

text: its

text: subject

text: is

text: encoded

text: in

text: the

text: verb

text: Enclitics

text: primarily

text: auxiliary

text: verbs

text: and

text: pronouns

text: must

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: syntactic

text: slot

text: of

text: a

text: sentence

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: stressed

text: unit

text: The

text: first

text: slot

text: must

text: contain

text: a

text: subject

text: and

text: object

text: a

text: main

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: verb

text: an

text: adverb

text: or

text: a

text: conjunction

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: light

text: conjunctions

text: a

text: and

text: i

text: and

text: even

text: or

text: ale

text: but

question: Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence?

answer: grammatical case

text: grammatical case

question: In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what?

answer: a verb

text: a verb

question: What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech?

answer: information

text: information

question: What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns?

answer: Enclitics

text: Enclitics

question: Where must enclitics appear in a sentence?

answer: second syntactic slot

text: second syntactic slot

question: What can an intransitive sentence consist only of in English?

text: a verb

question: Where is information about a sentence subject in English?

text: encoded in the verb

question: What is another word for word order?

text: Enclitics

question: Where must enclitics appear in an English sentence?

text: in the second syntactic slot

question: What appears before the enclitics in an English sentence?

text: the first stressed unit


text: In construction and shelter there are numerous opportunities for diversion and profit through substandard workmanship, kickbacks for contracts and favouritism in the provision of valuable shelter material. Thus while humanitarian aid agencies are usually most concerned about aid being diverted by including too many, recipients themselves are most concerned about exclusion. Access to aid may be limited to those with connections, to those who pay bribes or are forced to give sexual favors. Equally, those able to do so may manipulate statistics to inflate the number of beneficiaries and siphon off additional assistance.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: In

text: construction

text: and

text: shelter

text: there

text: are

text: numerous

text: opportunities

text: for

text: diversion

text: and

text: profit

text: through

text: substandard

text: workmanship

text: kickbacks

text: for

text: contracts

text: and

text: favouritism

text: in

text: the

text: provision

text: of

text: valuable

text: shelter

text: material

text: Thus

text: while

text: humanitarian

text: aid

text: agencies

text: are

text: usually

text: most

text: concerned

text: about

text: aid

text: being

text: diverted

text: by

text: including

text: too

text: many

text: recipients

text: themselves

text: are

text: most

text: concerned

text: about

text: exclusion

text: Access

text: to

text: aid

text: may

text: be

text: limited

text: to

text: those

text: with

text: connections

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: pay

text: bribes

text: or

text: are

text: forced

text: to

text: give

text: sexual

text: favors

text: Equally

text: those

text: able

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: may

text: manipulate

text: statistics

text: to

text: inflate

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: beneficiaries

text: and

text: siphon

text: off

text: additional

text: assistance

question: Substandard what is often one way for corruption to enter the construction field?

answer: workmanship

text: workmanship

question: What happens with contracts to aid corruption?

answer: kickbacks

text: kickbacks

question: Recipients of aid are concerned about what?

answer: exclusion

text: exclusion

question: Those receiving aid may have connections, pay bribes or what?

answer: forced to give sexual favors

text: forced to give sexual favors

question: Corrupt people may manipulate what to receive more assistance?

answer: statistics

text: statistics