text: In 1852, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke. The design of the Otis safety elevator is somewhat similar to one type still used today. A governor device engages knurled roller(s), locking the elevator to its guides should the elevator descend at excessive speed. He demonstrated it at the New York exposition in the Crystal Palace in a dramatic, death-defying presentation in 1854, and the first such passenger elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City on March 23, 1857.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: In

text: Elisha

text: Otis

text: introduced

text: the

text: safety

text: elevator

text: which

text: prevented

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: cab

text: if

text: the

text: cable

text: broke

text: The

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: Otis

text: safety

text: elevator

text: is

text: somewhat

text: similar

text: to

text: one

text: type

text: still

text: used

text: today

text: A

text: governor

text: device

text: engages

text: knurled

text: roller(s

text: locking

text: the

text: elevator

text: to

text: its

text: guides

text: should

text: the

text: elevator

text: descend

text: at

text: excessive

text: speed

text: He

text: demonstrated

text: it

text: at

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: exposition

text: in

text: the

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: in

text: a

text: dramatic

text: death

text: defying

text: presentation

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: such

text: passenger

text: elevator

text: was

text: installed

text: at

text: Broadway

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: on

text: March

question: Who created the safety elevator in 1852?

answer: Elisha Otis

text: Elisha Otis

question: What feature did the safety elevator display?

answer: prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke

text: prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke

question: What did the govenor device engage to lock the elevator?

answer: knurled roller(s)

text: knurled roller(s)

question: At what location was it first presented?

answer: New York exposition in the Crystal Palace

text: New York exposition in the Crystal Palace

question: Where was the first safety elevator installed?

answer: 488 Broadway in New York City

text: 488 Broadway in New York City


text: In 1821, Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor – presumably London partners – that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836. The coin remains readily available to collectors.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: In

text: Saul

text: Solomon

text: issued

text: a

text: copper

text: tokens

text: worth

text: a

text: halfpenny

text: each

text: Payable

text: at

text: St

text: Helena

text: by

text: Solomon

text: Dickson

text: and

text: Taylor

text: presumably

text: London

text: partners

text: that

text: circulated

text: alongside

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: 's

text: local

text: coinage

text: until

text: the

text: Crown

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: The

text: coin

text: remains

text: readily

text: available

text: to

text: collectors

question: How many copper tokens were Issued in 1821?

answer: 70,560

question: Who issued the copper tokens in 1821?

answer: Saul Solomon

text: Saul Solomon

question: How much was each copper token worth?

answer: a halfpenny

text: a halfpenny

question: When did the Crown take over the island?

answer: 1836


text: Deuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes the anus forms first, with the mouth developing secondarily. In most protostomes, cells simply fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm, called schizocoelous development, but in deuterostomes, it forms through invagination of the endoderm, called enterocoelic pouching. Deuterostome embryos undergo radial cleavage during cell division, while protostomes undergo spiral cleavage.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Deuterostomes

text: differ

text: from

text: protostomes

text: in

text: several

text: ways

text: Animals

text: from

text: both

text: groups

text: possess

text: a

text: complete

text: digestive

text: tract

text: However

text: in

text: protostomes

text: the

text: first

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: gut

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: embryological

text: development

text: the

text: archenteron

text: develops

text: into

text: the

text: mouth

text: with

text: the

text: anus

text: forming

text: secondarily

text: In

text: deuterostomes

text: the

text: anus

text: forms

text: first

text: with

text: the

text: mouth

text: developing

text: secondarily

text: In

text: most

text: protostomes

text: cells

text: simply

text: fill

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: gastrula

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: mesoderm

text: called

text: schizocoelous

text: development

text: but

text: in

text: deuterostomes

text: it

text: forms

text: through

text: invagination

text: of

text: the

text: endoderm

text: called

text: enterocoelic

text: pouching

text: Deuterostome

text: embryos

text: undergo

text: radial

text: cleavage

text: during

text: cell

text: division

text: while

text: protostomes

text: undergo

text: spiral

text: cleavage

question: What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?

answer: both groups possess a complete digestive tract

text: both groups possess a complete digestive tract

question: In which group does the anus form first, with the mouth developing secondarily?

answer: deuterostomes

text: deuterostomes

question: What is the process in which cells fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm called?

answer: schizocoelous development

text: schizocoelous development

question: What is the process in which the mesoderm is formed through invagination of the endoderm called?

answer: enterocoelic pouching

text: enterocoelic pouching

question: What do deuterostome embryos undergo during cell division?

answer: radial cleavage

text: radial cleavage


text: Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipment, leadership, and education, personnel, and facilities spectrum. These core functions express the ways in which the Air Force is particularly and appropriately suited to contribute to national security, but they do not necessarily express every aspect of what the Air Force contributes to the nation. It should be emphasized that the core functions, by themselves, are not doctrinal constructs.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Recently

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: refined

text: its

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: core

text: duties

text: and

text: responsibilities

text: it

text: performs

text: as

text: a

text: Military

text: Service

text: Branch

text: streamlining

text: what

text: previously

text: were

text: six

text: distinctive

text: capabilities

text: and

text: seventeen

text: operational

text: functions

text: into

text: twelve

text: core

text: functions

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: across

text: the

text: doctrine

text: organization

text: training

text: equipment

text: leadership

text: and

text: education

text: personnel

text: and

text: facilities

text: spectrum

text: These

text: core

text: functions

text: express

text: the

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: is

text: particularly

text: and

text: appropriately

text: suited

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: national

text: security

text: but

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: necessarily

text: express

text: every

text: aspect

text: of

text: what

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: contributes

text: to

text: the

text: nation

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: emphasized

text: that

text: the

text: core

text: functions

text: by

text: themselves

text: are

text: not

text: doctrinal

text: constructs

question: How many core functions did the Air Force reduce its duties down to recently?

answer: twelve

text: twelve

question: What do these core functions of the Air Force express?

answer: contribute to national security

text: contribute to national security

question: What are not considered doctrinal constructs of the Air Force?

answer: core functions

text: core functions


text: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago. Two mature males (cocks or roosters) are set to fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed. Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour. The sport formed part of the culture of the ancient Indians, Chinese, Greeks, and Romans, and large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter. Cockfighting has been banned in many countries during the last century on the grounds of cruelty to animals.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: Cockfighting

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: spectator

text: sport

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: originated

text: in

text: Persia

text: years

text: ago

text: Two

text: mature

text: males

text: cocks

text: or

text: roosters

text: are

text: set

text: to

text: fight

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: will

text: do

text: so

text: with

text: great

text: vigour

text: until

text: one

text: is

text: critically

text: injured

text: or

text: killed

text: Breeds

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Aseel

text: were

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: for

text: their

text: aggressive

text: behaviour

text: The

text: sport

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Indians

text: Chinese

text: Greeks

text: and

text: Romans

text: and

text: large

text: sums

text: were

text: won

text: or

text: lost

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: an

text: encounter

text: Cockfighting

text: has

text: been

text: banned

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: century

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: cruelty

text: to

text: animals

question: How long ago was the sport of fighting chickens been around?

answer: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago.

text: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago.

question: What is the termed used to define the game of fighting chickens called?

answer: Cockfighting

text: Cockfighting

question: Do chickens die in the sport of cockfighting?

answer: fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.

text: fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.

question: Have theere been any types of chickens who were really good at cockfighting?

answer: Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour

text: Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour

question: Do people bet on the cockfighting or is it just for entertainment?

answer: large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter.

text: large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter.

question: What breed of rooster was developed in the Chinese subcontinent?

text: Aseel

question: What is said to be Persia's oldest spectator sport?

text: Cockfighting

question: Why has cockfighting has been banned in many cultures during the last century?

text: on the grounds of cruelty to animals.

question: When was the sport of fighting chickens stopped?

text: 6,000 years ago

question: What is the term used to define the game of breeding chickens called?

text: Cockfighting

question: What are chickens not going to do during a cockfight?

question: Have there been any types of kittens who were really good at cockfighting?

question: Why is cockfighting no longer something people want to be involved with?


text: Major European rivers flow from Switzerland, such as the Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po, all of which have headwaters in the Alps and flow into neighbouring countries, finally emptying into the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. Other rivers such as the Danube have major tributaries flowing into them that originate in the Alps. The Rhone is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean Sea; the river begins as glacial meltwater, flows into Lake Geneva, and from there to France where one of its uses is to cool nuclear power plants. The Rhine originates in a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland and represents almost 60 percent of water exported from the country. Tributary valleys, some of which are complicated, channel water to the main valleys which can experience flooding during the snow melt season when rapid runoff causes debris torrents and swollen rivers.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Major

text: European

text: rivers

text: flow

text: from

text: Switzerland

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Rhine

text: the

text: Rhone

text: the

text: Inn

text: the

text: Ticino

text: and

text: the

text: Po

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: headwaters

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: and

text: flow

text: into

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: finally

text: emptying

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Other

text: rivers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Danube

text: have

text: major

text: tributaries

text: flowing

text: into

text: them

text: that

text: originate

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: The

text: Rhone

text: is

text: second

text: to

text: the

text: Nile

text: as

text: a

text: freshwater

text: source

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: the

text: river

text: begins

text: as

text: glacial

text: meltwater

text: flows

text: into

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: and

text: from

text: there

text: to

text: France

text: where

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: uses

text: is

text: to

text: cool

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plants

text: The

text: Rhine

text: originates

text: in

text: a

text: square

text: kilometre

text: area

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: represents

text: almost

text: percent

text: of

text: water

text: exported

text: from

text: the

text: country

text: Tributary

text: valleys

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: complicated

text: channel

text: water

text: to

text: the

text: main

text: valleys

text: which

text: can

text: experience

text: flooding

text: during

text: the

text: snow

text: melt

text: season

text: when

text: rapid

text: runoff

text: causes

text: debris

text: torrents

text: and

text: swollen

text: rivers

question: The Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po rivers flow from what Country?

answer: Switzerland

text: Switzerland

question: Where do the major tributaries that flow through the Danube originate from?

answer: the Alps

text: the Alps

question: Which river is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean?

answer: The Rhone

text: The Rhone

question: What does The Rhone begin as?

answer: glacial meltwater

text: glacial meltwater

question: Where does the Rhine originate?

answer: a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland

text: a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland


text: After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships. Under Compton’s leadership, enrollment at the University grew dramatically, fueled primarily by World War II veterans' use of their GI Bill benefits.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: After

text: working

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Arthur

text: Holly

text: Compton

text: returned

text: to

text: St.

text: Louis

text: in

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Washington

text: University

text: 's

text: ninth

text: chancellor

text: Compton

text: reestablished

text: the

text: Washington

text: University

text: football

text: team

text: making

text: the

text: declaration

text: that

text: athletics

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: henceforth

text: played

text: on

text: a

text: strictly

text: amateur

text: basis

text: with

text: no

text: athletic

text: scholarships

text: Under

text: Compton

text: ’s

text: leadership

text: enrollment

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: grew

text: dramatically

text: fueled

text: primarily

text: by

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: veterans

text: use

text: of

text: their

text: GI

text: Bill

text: benefits

question: What role did Arthur Holly Compton serve at Washington University?

answer: chancellor

text: chancellor

question: Who reestablished Washington University's football team?

answer: Arthur Holly Compton

text: Arthur Holly Compton

question: What helped lead to the increase of enrollment at Washington University during Arthur Holly Compton's term as chancellor?

answer: World War II veterans' use of their GI Bill benefits

text: World War II veterans' use of their GI Bill benefits

question: What declaration did Arthur Holly Compton make about athletics at Washington University?

answer: athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships.

text: athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships.

question: Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University?

answer: the University of Chicago

text: the University of Chicago

question: Who was Washington University's eight chancellor?

text: Arthur Holly Compton

question: In what year did Washington University's first football program get shut down?

question: In what year did World War II start?

question: What position did Arthur Holly Compton have at the University of Chicago?

text: chancellor

question: In what year did the University of Chicago get founded?


text: The Sun, during the Miners' strike of 1984–85, supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill. On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun refused to print it. The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US, which was launched from British bases. Several civilians were killed during the bombing. Their leader was "Right Ron, Right Maggie". That year, Labour MP Clare Short attempted in vain to persuade Parliament to outlaw the pictures on Page Three and gained opprobrium from the newspaper for her stand.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Sun

text: during

text: the

text: Miners

text: strike

text: of

text: supported

text: the

text: police

text: and

text: the

text: Thatcher

text: government

text: against

text: the

text: striking

text: NUM

text: miners

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: union

text: 's

text: president

text: Arthur

text: Scargill

text: On

text: May

text: The

text: Sun

text: prepared

text: a

text: front

text: page

text: with

text: the

text: headline

text: Mine

text: Führer

text: and

text: a

text: photograph

text: of

text: Scargill

text: with

text: his

text: arm

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: a

text: pose

text: which

text: made

text: him

text: look

text: as

text: though

text: he

text: was

text: giving

text: a

text: Nazi

text: salute

text: The

text: print

text: workers

text: at

text: The

text: Sun

text: refused

text: to

text: print

text: it

text: The

text: Sun

text: strongly

text: supported

text: the

text: April

text: bombing

text: of

text: Libya

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: which

text: was

text: launched

text: from

text: British

text: bases

text: Several

text: civilians

text: were

text: killed

text: during

text: the

text: bombing

text: Their

text: leader

text: was

text: Right

text: Ron

text: Right

text: Maggie

text: That

text: year

text: Labour

text: MP

text: Clare

text: Short

text: attempted

text: in

text: vain

text: to

text: persuade

text: Parliament

text: to

text: outlaw

text: the

text: pictures

text: on

text: Page

text: Three

text: and

text: gained

text: opprobrium

text: from

text: the

text: newspaper

text: for

text: her

text: stand

question: Who did The Sun support in the 1984-85 Miners' strike?

answer: the police and the Thatcher government

text: the police and the Thatcher government

question: Who was president of the Miners' union?

answer: Arthur Scargill

text: Arthur Scargill

question: What did a picture of Scargill have him appear to be doing?

answer: giving a Nazi salute

text: giving a Nazi salute

question: How did The Sun feel about the American bombing of Libya in 1986?

answer: strongly supported the April 1986 bombing

text: strongly supported the April 1986 bombing

question: Who was Labour M.P. in 1986?

answer: Clare Short

text: Clare Short


text: A public genome sequencing effort of cotton was initiated in 2007 by a consortium of public researchers. They agreed on a strategy to sequence the genome of cultivated, tetraploid cotton. "Tetraploid" means that cultivated cotton actually has two separate genomes within its nucleus, referred to as the A and D genomes. The sequencing consortium first agreed to sequence the D-genome relative of cultivated cotton (G. raimondii, a wild Central American cotton species) because of its small size and limited number of repetitive elements. It is nearly one-third the number of bases of tetraploid cotton (AD), and each chromosome is only present once.[clarification needed] The A genome of G. arboreum would be sequenced next. Its genome is roughly twice the size of G. raimondii's. Part of the difference in size between the two genomes is the amplification of retrotransposons (GORGE). Once both diploid genomes are assembled, then research could begin sequencing the actual genomes of cultivated cotton varieties. This strategy is out of necessity; if one were to sequence the tetraploid genome without model diploid genomes, the euchromatic DNA sequences of the AD genomes would co-assemble and the repetitive elements of AD genomes would assembly independently into A and D sequences respectively. Then there would be no way to untangle the mess of AD sequences without comparing them to their diploid counterparts.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: A

text: public

text: genome

text: sequencing

text: effort

text: of

text: cotton

text: was

text: initiated

text: in

text: by

text: a

text: consortium

text: of

text: public

text: researchers

text: They

text: agreed

text: on

text: a

text: strategy

text: to

text: sequence

text: the

text: genome

text: of

text: cultivated

text: tetraploid

text: cotton

text: Tetraploid

text: means

text: that

text: cultivated

text: cotton

text: actually

text: has

text: two

text: separate

text: genomes

text: within

text: its

text: nucleus

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: A

text: and

text: D

text: genomes

text: The

text: sequencing

text: consortium

text: first

text: agreed

text: to

text: sequence

text: the

text: D

text: genome

text: relative

text: of

text: cultivated

text: cotton

text: G.

text: raimondii

text: a

text: wild

text: Central

text: American

text: cotton

text: species

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: small

text: size

text: and

text: limited

text: number

text: of

text: repetitive

text: elements

text: It

text: is

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: bases

text: of

text: tetraploid

text: cotton

text: AD

text: and

text: each

text: chromosome

text: is

text: only

text: present

text: once.[clarification

text: needed

text: The

text: A

text: genome

text: of

text: G.

text: arboreum

text: would

text: be

text: sequenced

text: next

text: Its

text: genome

text: is

text: roughly

text: twice

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: G.

text: raimondii

text: 's

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: difference

text: in

text: size

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: genomes

text: is

text: the

text: amplification

text: of

text: retrotransposons

text: GORGE

text: Once

text: both

text: diploid

text: genomes

text: are

text: assembled

text: then

text: research

text: could

text: begin

text: sequencing

text: the

text: actual

text: genomes

text: of

text: cultivated

text: cotton

text: varieties

text: This

text: strategy

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: necessity

text: if

text: one

text: were

text: to

text: sequence

text: the

text: tetraploid

text: genome

text: without

text: model

text: diploid

text: genomes

text: the

text: euchromatic

text: DNA

text: sequences

text: of

text: the

text: AD

text: genomes

text: would

text: co

text: assemble

text: and

text: the

text: repetitive

text: elements

text: of

text: AD

text: genomes

text: would

text: assembly

text: independently

text: into

text: A

text: and

text: D

text: sequences

text: respectively

text: Then

text: there

text: would

text: be

text: no

text: way

text: to

text: untangle

text: the

text: mess

text: of

text: AD

text: sequences

text: without

text: comparing

text: them

text: to

text: their

text: diploid

text: counterparts

question: What is the final sequencing goal of sequencing diploid cotton genomes first ?

answer: tetraploid cotton

text: tetraploid cotton

question: What type of cotton has two separate genomes within its nucleus?

answer: Tetraploid

text: Tetraploid

question: When did a group of researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of tetraploid cotton?

answer: 2007

question: What type of genome must be sequenced first to prevent confusion before the tetraploid form?

answer: diploid

text: diploid

question: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing?

answer: diploid counterparts

text: diploid counterparts

question: What is the final sequencing goal of sequencing tetraploid genomes first?

text: tetraploid cotton

question: What type of cotton has two separate genomes within its sequence?

text: Tetraploid

question: When did a group or researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of diploid counterparts?

question: What type of genome must be sequenced first to prevent confusion before GORGE?

text: diploid

question: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton GORGE?

text: diploid counterparts


text: Ratification of the treaty the following year led to resumption of hostilities and in 1860, with Anglo-French forces marching on Beijing, the emperor and his court fled the capital for the imperial hunting lodge at Rehe. Once in Beijing, the Anglo-French forces looted the Old Summer Palace, and in an act of revenge for the arrest of several Englishmen, burnt it to the ground. Prince Gong, a younger half-brother of the emperor, who had been left as his brother's proxy in the capital, was forced to sign the Convention of Beijing. Meanwhile, the humiliated emperor died the following year at Rehe.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Ratification

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: led

text: to

text: resumption

text: of

text: hostilities

text: and

text: in

text: with

text: Anglo

text: French

text: forces

text: marching

text: on

text: Beijing

text: the

text: emperor

text: and

text: his

text: court

text: fled

text: the

text: capital

text: for

text: the

text: imperial

text: hunting

text: lodge

text: at

text: Rehe

text: Once

text: in

text: Beijing

text: the

text: Anglo

text: French

text: forces

text: looted

text: the

text: Old

text: Summer

text: Palace

text: and

text: in

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: revenge

text: for

text: the

text: arrest

text: of

text: several

text: Englishmen

text: burnt

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: Prince

text: Gong

text: a

text: younger

text: half

text: brother

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: left

text: as

text: his

text: brother

text: 's

text: proxy

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: Convention

text: of

text: Beijing

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: humiliated

text: emperor

text: died

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: at

text: Rehe

question: Whed did the British and French invade Beijing?

answer: 1860

question: Where did the emperor go?

answer: Rehe

text: Rehe

question: What happened to the Old Summer Palace?

answer: burnt it to the ground

text: burnt it to the ground

question: What did Prince Gong sign?

answer: Convention of Beijing

text: Convention of Beijing


text: In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: U.S.

text: sent

text: more

text: than

text: troops

text: later

text: raised

text: to

text: to

text: assist

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: in

text: combating

text: terrorist

text: groups

text: linked

text: to

text: al

text: Qaida

text: such

text: as

text: Abu

text: Sayyaf

text: under

text: Operation

text: Enduring

text: Freedom

text: Philippines

text: Operations

text: have

text: taken

text: place

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Sulu

text: Archipelago

text: where

text: terrorists

text: and

text: other

text: groups

text: are

text: active

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: troops

text: provide

text: logistics

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: special

text: forces

text: troops

text: that

text: are

text: training

text: and

text: assisting

text: in

text: combat

text: operations

text: against

text: the

text: terrorist

text: groups

question: When did the US send troops to the Philippines to battle terrorists?

answer: January 2002

text: January 2002

question: Terrorists in the Philippines were linked to what larger terrorist organization?

answer: al-Qaida

text: al-Qaida

question: Where did anti-terrorist fighting take place?

answer: the Sulu Archipelago

text: the Sulu Archipelago

question: How many troops did the US initially send to the Philippines?

answer: 1,200

question: What was the name of the Philippine terrorist group the US was sent to help combat?

answer: Abu Sayyaf

text: Abu Sayyaf

question: When did the UK send troops to the Philippines to battle terrorists?

text: January 2002

question: Terrorists in the Koreas were linked to what larger terrorist organization?

text: al-Qaida

question: Where did terrorist fighting take place?

text: Sulu Archipelago

question: How many troops did the US initially send to the Koreas?

question: What was the name of the Philippine terrorist group the UK was sent to help combat?

text: Abu Sayyaf


text: However, performance enhancements cannot be generalized as the benefits and limitations of the system are dependent on many factors. One problem is that the system is subject to gaming. Sometimes, one person enters the destination for a large group of people going to the same floor. The dispatching algorithm is usually unable to completely cater for the variation, and latecomers may find the elevator they are assigned to is already full. Also, occasionally, one person may press the floor multiple times. This is common with up/down buttons when people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators. However, this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: However

text: performance

text: enhancements

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: generalized

text: as

text: the

text: benefits

text: and

text: limitations

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: are

text: dependent

text: on

text: many

text: factors

text: One

text: problem

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: system

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: gaming

text: Sometimes

text: one

text: person

text: enters

text: the

text: destination

text: for

text: a

text: large

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: going

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: floor

text: The

text: dispatching

text: algorithm

text: is

text: usually

text: unable

text: to

text: completely

text: cater

text: for

text: the

text: variation

text: and

text: latecomers

text: may

text: find

text: the

text: elevator

text: they

text: are

text: assigned

text: to

text: is

text: already

text: full

text: Also

text: occasionally

text: one

text: person

text: may

text: press

text: the

text: floor

text: multiple

text: times

text: This

text: is

text: common

text: with

text: up

text: down

text: buttons

text: when

text: people

text: believe

text: this

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: effective

text: way

text: to

text: hurry

text: elevators

text: However

text: this

text: will

text: make

text: the

text: computer

text: think

text: multiple

text: people

text: are

text: waiting

text: and

text: will

text: allocate

text: empty

text: cars

text: to

text: serve

text: this

text: one

text: person

question: What is one example of a limitation on the system?

answer: the system is subject to gaming

text: the system is subject to gaming

question: What is generally unable to support variations in the number of people for a particular destination?

answer: The dispatching algorithm

text: The dispatching algorithm

question: For what reason do people repeatedly push the up/down buttons on a panel?

answer: people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators

text: people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators

question: Why is this a bad practice?

answer: this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person

text: this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person


text: Armenian and Cantonese have aspiration that lasts about as long as English aspirated stops, in addition to unaspirated stops. Korean has lightly aspirated stops that fall between the Armenian and Cantonese unaspirated and aspirated stops as well as strongly aspirated stops whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Cantonese. (See voice-onset time.)

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Cantonese

text: have

text: aspiration

text: that

text: lasts

text: about

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: English

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: unaspirated

text: stops

text: Korean

text: has

text: lightly

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: that

text: fall

text: between

text: the

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Cantonese

text: unaspirated

text: and

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: strongly

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: whose

text: aspiration

text: lasts

text: longer

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Armenian

text: or

text: Cantonese

text: See

text: voice

text: onset

text: time

question: As well as lasting as long as an English aspirated stop, the Armenian and Cantonese aspiration lasts as long as what?

answer: unaspirated stops

text: unaspirated stops

question: What languages have aspiration that lasts about as long as Korean aspirated stops?

text: Armenian and Cantonese

question: Whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Korean?

text: English

question: Whose stops are shorter than that of Armenian or Cantonese?

text: Korean

question: Korean has what kind of unaspirated stops?

text: lightly

question: Armenian unaspirated stops last longer than whose?

text: Cantonese


text: The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974. That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU).

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: The

text: revolutionary

text: army

text: established

text: large

text: scale

text: public

text: works

text: programs

text: and

text: successfully

text: implemented

text: an

text: urban

text: and

text: rural

text: literacy

text: campaign

text: which

text: helped

text: dramatically

text: increase

text: the

text: literacy

text: rate

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: a

text: nationalization

text: program

text: of

text: industry

text: and

text: land

text: the

text: new

text: regime

text: 's

text: foreign

text: policy

text: placed

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: traditional

text: and

text: religious

text: links

text: with

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: eventually

text: joining

text: the

text: Arab

text: League

text: AL

text: in

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: Barre

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Organization

text: of

text: African

text: Unity

text: OAU

text: the

text: predecessor

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: AU

question: What did the new government nationalize along with land?

answer: industry

text: industry

question: What international body did the new government join?

answer: the Arab League

text: the Arab League

question: In what year did the new government enter the Arab League?

answer: 1974

question: What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become?

answer: the African Union

text: the African Union

question: What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase?

answer: literacy

text: literacy


text: Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments. For example, Pro added BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on. Users of Windows 8 can purchase a "Pro Pack" license that upgrades their system to Windows 8 Pro through Add features to Windows. This license also includes Windows Media Center. Windows 8 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing. A port of Windows 8 for ARM architecture, Windows RT, is marketed as an edition of Windows 8, but was only included as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: is

text: available

text: in

text: three

text: different

text: editions

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: lowest

text: version

text: branded

text: simply

text: as

text: Windows

text: and

text: Windows

text: Pro

text: were

text: sold

text: at

text: retail

text: in

text: most

text: countries

text: and

text: as

text: pre

text: loaded

text: software

text: on

text: new

text: computers

text: Each

text: edition

text: of

text: Windows

text: includes

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: capabilities

text: and

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: edition

text: below

text: it

text: and

text: add

text: additional

text: features

text: oriented

text: towards

text: their

text: market

text: segments

text: For

text: example

text: Pro

text: added

text: BitLocker

text: Hyper

text: V

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: join

text: a

text: domain

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: install

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Center

text: as

text: a

text: paid

text: add

text: on

text: Users

text: of

text: Windows

text: can

text: purchase

text: a

text: Pro

text: Pack

text: license

text: that

text: upgrades

text: their

text: system

text: to

text: Windows

text: Pro

text: through

text: Add

text: features

text: to

text: Windows

text: This

text: license

text: also

text: includes

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Center

text: Windows

text: Enterprise

text: contains

text: additional

text: features

text: aimed

text: towards

text: business

text: environments

text: and

text: is

text: only

text: available

text: through

text: volume

text: licensing

text: A

text: port

text: of

text: Windows

text: for

text: ARM

text: architecture

text: Windows

text: RT

text: is

text: marketed

text: as

text: an

text: edition

text: of

text: Windows

text: but

text: was

text: only

text: included

text: as

text: pre

text: loaded

text: software

text: on

text: devices

text: specifically

text: developed

text: for

text: it

question: How many Windows 8 editions are there?

answer: three

text: three

question: What extras does Windows 8 Pro have?

answer: BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on

text: BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on

question: What extras do Windows 8 Enterprise have?

answer: features aimed towards business environments

text: features aimed towards business environments

question: How would one get Windows RT?

answer: as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it

text: as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it

question: How many Windows 8 editions aren't there?

text: three

question: How many Windows 9 editions are there?

text: three

question: What extras does Windows 9 Pro have?

question: What extras do Windows 9 Enterprise have?

question: How would one get Windows TR?


text: Meanwhile, Kerry's staff began their own investigations and, on October 14, issued a report that exposed illegal activities on the part of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who had set up a private network involving the National Security Council and the CIA to deliver military equipment to right-wing Nicaraguan rebels (Contras). In effect, North and certain members of the President's administration were accused by Kerry's report of illegally funding and supplying armed militants without the authorization of Congress. Kerry's staff investigation, based on a year-long inquiry and interviews with fifty unnamed sources, is said to raise "serious questions about whether the United States has abided by the law in its handling of the contras over the past three years."

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Meanwhile

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: staff

text: began

text: their

text: own

text: investigations

text: and

text: on

text: October

text: issued

text: a

text: report

text: that

text: exposed

text: illegal

text: activities

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: Lieutenant

text: Colonel

text: Oliver

text: North

text: who

text: had

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: private

text: network

text: involving

text: the

text: National

text: Security

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: CIA

text: to

text: deliver

text: military

text: equipment

text: to

text: right

text: wing

text: Nicaraguan

text: rebels

text: Contras

text: In

text: effect

text: North

text: and

text: certain

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: 's

text: administration

text: were

text: accused

text: by

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: report

text: of

text: illegally

text: funding

text: and

text: supplying

text: armed

text: militants

text: without

text: the

text: authorization

text: of

text: Congress

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: staff

text: investigation

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: year

text: long

text: inquiry

text: and

text: interviews

text: with

text: fifty

text: unnamed

text: sources

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: raise

text: serious

text: questions

text: about

text: whether

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: abided

text: by

text: the

text: law

text: in

text: its

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: contras

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: three

text: years

question: Who did Kerry's staff expose in an Oct 14 report?

answer: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North

text: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North

question: Who had Oliver North been supporting?

answer: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels (Contras)

text: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels (Contras)

question: Who were the Contras?

answer: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels

text: right-wing Nicaraguan rebels

question: What government agencies worked with North?

answer: the National Security Council and the CIA

text: the National Security Council and the CIA

question: What crime had Kerry said North committed?

answer: illegally funding and supplying armed militants without the authorization of Congress

text: illegally funding and supplying armed militants without the authorization of Congress


text: Earth was initially molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies. Eventually, the outer layer of the planet cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object with about 10% of the Earth's mass impacting the planet in a glancing blow. Some of this object's mass merged with the Earth, significantly altering its internal composition, and a portion was ejected into space. Some of the material survived to form an orbiting moon. Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered from comets, produced the oceans.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: Earth

text: was

text: initially

text: molten

text: due

text: to

text: extreme

text: volcanism

text: and

text: frequent

text: collisions

text: with

text: other

text: bodies

text: Eventually

text: the

text: outer

text: layer

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: cooled

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: solid

text: crust

text: when

text: water

text: began

text: accumulating

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: The

text: Moon

text: formed

text: soon

text: afterwards

text: possibly

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: Mars

text: sized

text: object

text: with

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: mass

text: impacting

text: the

text: planet

text: in

text: a

text: glancing

text: blow

text: Some

text: of

text: this

text: object

text: 's

text: mass

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Earth

text: significantly

text: altering

text: its

text: internal

text: composition

text: and

text: a

text: portion

text: was

text: ejected

text: into

text: space

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: survived

text: to

text: form

text: an

text: orbiting

text: moon

text: Outgassing

text: and

text: volcanic

text: activity

text: produced

text: the

text: primordial

text: atmosphere

text: Condensing

text: water

text: vapor

text: augmented

text: by

text: ice

text: delivered

text: from

text: comets

text: produced

text: the

text: oceans

question: The initial state of earth was what?

answer: molten

text: molten

question: What formed on the outside of the earth after it cooled?

answer: a solid crust

text: a solid crust

question: How does the mass of the moon compare to earth?

answer: about 10% of the Earth's mass

text: about 10% of the Earth's mass

question: What created a primordial atmosphere on earth?

answer: Outgassing and volcanic activity

text: Outgassing and volcanic activity

question: Ice from what source helped to create earths oceans?

answer: comets

text: comets

question: What caused the Earths early crust to become molten?

question: What cooled allowing water to collect?

text: the outer layer of the planet

question: What happened when water started to accumulate on the surface?

question: What caused a piece of the earth to break of and form the moon?

question: How does the mass of the moon compare to the earths mass?

text: about 10% of the Earth's mass


text: Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the River Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. The historic core of Strasbourg however lies on the Grande Île in the River Ill, which here flows parallel to, and roughly 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from, the Rhine. The natural courses of the two rivers eventually join some distance downstream of Strasbourg, although several artificial waterways now connect them within the city.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Strasbourg

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: France

text: with

text: Germany

text: This

text: border

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: River

text: Rhine

text: which

text: also

text: forms

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: city

text: facing

text: across

text: the

text: river

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: town

text: Kehl

text: The

text: historic

text: core

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: however

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Grande

text: Île

text: in

text: the

text: River

text: Ill

text: which

text: here

text: flows

text: parallel

text: to

text: and

text: roughly

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: The

text: natural

text: courses

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: rivers

text: eventually

text: join

text: some

text: distance

text: downstream

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: although

text: several

text: artificial

text: waterways

text: now

text: connect

text: them

text: within

text: the

text: city

question: What river is on the border of France and Germany?

answer: River Rhine

text: River Rhine

question: The River Ill flows parallel with what river for 4 kilometres?

answer: Rhine

text: Rhine

question: What kind of waterways connect the River Ill and River Rhine within Strasbourg?

answer: artificial

text: artificial

question: Strasbourg is situated on what border of France and Germany?

answer: eastern

text: eastern

question: What country is on the southern border of France?

text: Germany

question: What forms the western border of Strasbourg?

text: River Rhine

question: How far is Strasbourg from the German town Kehl?

text: 4 kilometres

question: How far downstream from Strasbourg does the River Rhine and River ILL meet?

text: 2.5 mi

question: What is a name of one of the artificial waterways in Strasbourg?

text: River Ill


text: Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again". During the break she and her father parted ways as business partners. Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids, Australia, English music festivals and various museums and ballet performances.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: announced

text: a

text: hiatus

text: from

text: her

text: music

text: career

text: in

text: January

text: heeding

text: her

text: mother

text: 's

text: advice

text: to

text: live

text: life

text: to

text: be

text: inspired

text: by

text: things

text: again

text: During

text: the

text: break

text: she

text: and

text: her

text: father

text: parted

text: ways

text: as

text: business

text: partners

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: musical

text: break

text: lasted

text: nine

text: months

text: and

text: saw

text: her

text: visit

text: multiple

text: European

text: cities

text: the

text: Great

text: Wall

text: of

text: China

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: pyramids

text: Australia

text: English

text: music

text: festivals

text: and

text: various

text: museums

text: and

text: ballet

text: performances

question: Beyonce would take a break from music in which year?

answer: 2010

question: Which year did Beyonce and her father part business ways?

answer: 2010

question: Which famous landmark did Beyonce see in China?

answer: the Great Wall of China

text: the Great Wall of China

question: In what year did Beyonce have her hiatus?

answer: 2010

question: Who inspired this hiatus?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: When did she stop using her father as a manager?

answer: During the break

text: During the break

question: How long did the hiatus last?

answer: nine months

text: nine months

question: What did Beyoncé announce in January 2010?

answer: a hiatus

text: a hiatus

question: Who suggested the hiatus for Beyoncé?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: Who did Beyoncé part ways with during her hiatus?

answer: her father

text: her father

question: How long did her hiatus last?

answer: nine months

text: nine months


text: The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome. However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few related -ome words already existed—such as biome, rhizome, forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: Hans

text: Winkler

text: professor

text: of

text: botany

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Hamburg

text: Germany

text: The

text: Oxford

text: Dictionary

text: suggests

text: the

text: name

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: blend

text: of

text: the

text: words

text: gene

text: and

text: chromosome

text: However

text: see

text: omics

text: for

text: a

text: more

text: thorough

text: discussion

text: A

text: few

text: related

text: -ome

text: words

text: already

text: existed

text: such

text: as

text: biome

text: rhizome

text: forming

text: a

text: vocabulary

text: into

text: which

text: genome

text: fits

text: systematically

question: Who coined the word genome?

answer: Hans Winkler

text: Hans Winkler

question: In what year was the word genome first created?

answer: 1920

question: At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome?

answer: University of Hamburg

text: University of Hamburg

question: Which two similar words share etymology with genome?

answer: biome, rhizome

text: biome, rhizome

question: What word was created to be used in the study of botany in 1920?

text: genome

question: In what year was Hans Winkler hired in Oxford as professor of botany?

question: How did the University of Hamburg in Germany suggest genome came about?

question: What two other words were used as botany terms frequently at the University of Hamburg?

text: biome, rhizome

question: What discussion about botany terms was taking place in 1920?

text: omics


text: The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions. This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: The

text: Archaic

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: saw

text: a

text: changing

text: environment

text: featuring

text: a

text: warmer

text: more

text: arid

text: climate

text: and

text: the

text: disappearance

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: megafauna

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: population

text: groups

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: were

text: still

text: highly

text: mobile

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: but

text: now

text: individual

text: groups

text: started

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: resources

text: available

text: to

text: them

text: locally

text: thus

text: with

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: time

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: pattern

text: of

text: increasing

text: regional

text: generalization

text: like

text: the

text: Southwest

text: Arctic

text: Poverty

text: Dalton

text: and

text: Plano

text: traditions

text: This

text: regional

text: adaptations

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: norm

text: with

text: reliance

text: less

text: on

text: hunting

text: and

text: gathering

text: with

text: a

text: more

text: mixed

text: economy

text: of

text: small

text: game

text: fish

text: seasonally

text: wild

text: vegetables

text: and

text: harvested

text: plant

text: foods

question: What kind of climate occurred in the Americas?

answer: warmer more arid

text: warmer more arid

question: What disappeared during the Archaic period?

answer: megafauna

text: megafauna

question: What became the norm for the mobile bands?

answer: regional adaptations

text: regional adaptations

question: What did they rely less and less on?

answer: hunting and gathering

text: hunting and gathering

question: What was there a pattern of in this period?

answer: increasing regional generalization

text: increasing regional generalization

question: Which period in the Americas saw an unchanging environment?

text: The Archaic period

question: The first appearance of the megafauna happened in what period?

text: The Archaic period

question: A colder, more arid climate happened in what period?

text: The Archaic period

question: The minority of population groups at this time were what?

text: still highly mobile hunter-gatherers

question: Which groups started to focus on resources available to them globally?

text: individual groups


text: After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entrepreneurs and backed by expertise from China, Korea and Europe, these nascent telecommunications firms offer affordable mobile phone and internet services that are not available in many other parts of the continent. Customers can conduct money transfers (such as through the popular Dahabshiil) and other banking activities via mobile phones, as well as easily gain wireless Internet access.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: After

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: various

text: new

text: telecommunications

text: companies

text: began

text: to

text: spring

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: competed

text: to

text: provide

text: missing

text: infrastructure

text: Somalia

text: now

text: offers

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: technologically

text: advanced

text: and

text: competitively

text: priced

text: telecommunications

text: and

text: internet

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Funded

text: by

text: Somali

text: entrepreneurs

text: and

text: backed

text: by

text: expertise

text: from

text: China

text: Korea

text: and

text: Europe

text: these

text: nascent

text: telecommunications

text: firms

text: offer

text: affordable

text: mobile

text: phone

text: and

text: internet

text: services

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: available

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: Customers

text: can

text: conduct

text: money

text: transfers

text: such

text: as

text: through

text: the

text: popular

text: Dahabshiil

text: and

text: other

text: banking

text: activities

text: via

text: mobile

text: phones

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: easily

text: gain

text: wireless

text: Internet

text: access

question: Who funded the new telecommunications firms in Somalia?

answer: Somali entrepreneurs

text: Somali entrepreneurs

question: China, Korea, and Europe lent what to the creation of the new firms.

answer: expertise

text: expertise

question: What do the new telecommunications firms in Somalia offer that is not available in many other parts of the continent?

answer: affordable mobile phone and internet services

text: affordable mobile phone and internet services

question: Money transfers and wireless internet are two things that customers can now accomplish via what?

answer: mobile phones

text: mobile phones

question: When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what?

answer: infrastructure

text: infrastructure

question: What did Chinese entrepreneurs create?

text: telecommunications firms

question: Before the civil war, what jobs were being created?

text: new telecommunications companies

question: Besides Somalia, what country has the best telecommunications?

text: China, Korea and Europe

question: Why are the Somalian telecommunication companies so expensive?

question: What can customers do with their phones besides money transfers and banking activities?

text: Dahabshiil


text: Russian (ру́сский язы́к, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] ( listen)) is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. It is an unofficial but widely-spoken language in Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the three living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Russian

text: ру́сский

text: язы́к

text: russkiy

text: yazyk

text: pronounced

text: ˈruskʲɪj

text: jɪˈzɨk

text: listen

text: is

text: an

text: East

text: Slavic

text: language

text: and

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: Russia

text: Belarus

text: Kazakhstan

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: many

text: minor

text: or

text: unrecognised

text: territories

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: unofficial

text: but

text: widely

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: Latvia

text: Estonia

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: the

text: other

text: countries

text: that

text: were

text: once

text: constituent

text: republics

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: former

text: participants

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: Russian

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: living

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: Written

text: examples

text: of

text: Old

text: East

text: Slavonic

text: are

text: attested

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

question: What language sub-family is Russian in?

answer: East Slavic

text: East Slavic

question: Where is Russian an official language?

answer: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories

text: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories

question: Where is Russian popular but not an official language?

answer: Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia

text: Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia

question: How many living East Slavic languages are there?

answer: three

text: three

question: When was the earliest writing in Old East Slavonic?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

question: What kind of language is Ukranian?

text: East Slavic language

question: In what countries is Ukrainian officially spoken?

text: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan

question: Where is Ukrainian also widely spoken, but not officially?

text: Latvia, Estonia

question: What family does Ukrainian belong to?

text: the family of Indo-European languages

question: When was Ukrainian first officially written?

text: from the 10th century


text: There were 15,504 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.34.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: There

text: were

text: households

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: living

text: with

text: them

text: were

text: married

text: couples

text: living

text: together

text: had

text: a

text: female

text: householder

text: with

text: no

text: husband

text: present

text: and

text: were

text: non

text: families

text: of

text: all

text: households

text: were

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: individuals

text: and

text: had

text: someone

text: living

text: alone

text: who

text: was

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: The

text: average

text: household

text: size

text: was

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: family

text: size

text: was

question: How many households were there in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?

answer: 15,504

question: What percentage of households in Atlantic City had children under the age of 18 living with them?

answer: 27.3%

question: What percentage of households in Atlantic City were comprised of non-families?

answer: 44.8%

question: What percentage of households in Atlantic City were made up of individuals?

answer: 37.5%


text: Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a Catholic mother and a Protestant father, Burke vigorously defended the Anglican Church, but also demonstrated sensitivity to Catholic concerns. He linked the conservation of a state (established) religion with the preservation of citizens' constitutional liberties and highlighted Christianity's benefit not only to the believer's soul, but also to political arrangements.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Burke

text: 's

text: religious

text: writing

text: comprises

text: published

text: works

text: and

text: commentary

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: religion

text: Burke

text: 's

text: religious

text: thought

text: was

text: grounded

text: in

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: religion

text: is

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: civil

text: society

text: He

text: sharply

text: criticised

text: deism

text: and

text: atheism

text: and

text: emphasised

text: Christianity

text: as

text: a

text: vehicle

text: of

text: social

text: progress

text: Born

text: in

text: Ireland

text: to

text: a

text: Catholic

text: mother

text: and

text: a

text: Protestant

text: father

text: Burke

text: vigorously

text: defended

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Church

text: but

text: also

text: demonstrated

text: sensitivity

text: to

text: Catholic

text: concerns

text: He

text: linked

text: the

text: conservation

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: established

text: religion

text: with

text: the

text: preservation

text: of

text: citizens

text: constitutional

text: liberties

text: and

text: highlighted

text: Christianity

text: 's

text: benefit

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: believer

text: 's

text: soul

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: political

text: arrangements

question: Which church did Burke most defend?

answer: Anglican

text: Anglican

question: What did Burke think was the foundation of society?

answer: religion

text: religion

question: What religion was Burke's mother?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

question: What religion was Burke's father?

answer: Protestant

text: Protestant

question: Burke thought religion was beneficial to what besides souls?

answer: political arrangements

text: political arrangements

question: What did Burke believe was the foundation of religion?

text: civil society

question: Which of Burke's parents was an athiest?

text: mother

question: Which of Burke's parents was a deist?

text: father

question: What did Burke believe made political arrangements difficult?

text: Christianity

question: Burke failed to show concern for what sect of Christianity?

text: Catholic


text: Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Georgian

text: architecture

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: its

text: proportion

text: and

text: balance

text: simple

text: mathematical

text: ratios

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: a

text: window

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: its

text: width

text: or

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: a

text: room

text: as

text: a

text: double

text: cube

text: Regularity

text: as

text: with

text: ashlar

text: uniformly

text: cut

text: stonework

text: was

text: strongly

text: approved

text: imbuing

text: symmetry

text: and

text: adherence

text: to

text: classical

text: rules

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: symmetry

text: where

text: Georgian

text: additions

text: were

text: added

text: to

text: earlier

text: structures

text: remaining

text: visible

text: was

text: deeply

text: felt

text: as

text: a

text: flaw

text: at

text: least

text: before

text: Nash

text: began

text: to

text: introduce

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: styles

text: Regularity

text: of

text: housefronts

text: along

text: a

text: street

text: was

text: a

text: desirable

text: feature

text: of

text: Georgian

text: town

text: planning

text: Until

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Gothic

text: Revival

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Georgian

text: designs

text: usually

text: lay

text: within

text: the

text: Classical

text: orders

text: of

text: architecture

text: and

text: employed

text: a

text: decorative

text: vocabulary

text: derived

text: from

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: or

text: Greece

question: Georgian architecture is characterized by?

answer: its proportion and balance

text: its proportion and balance

question: What was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning?

answer: Regularity of housefronts

text: Regularity of housefronts

question: What decorative vocabulary did Georgian designs draw from?

answer: ancient Rome or Greece

text: ancient Rome or Greece

question: What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture?

answer: lack of symmetry

text: lack of symmetry

question: What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance?

text: Georgian

question: What was an undesirable feature of Georgian town planning?

text: Regularity of housefronts

question: Why were Georgian additions where earlier structures remained visible so approved of?

text: lack of symmetry

question: What type of designs laid in the classical orders after the Gothic revival?

text: Georgian designs

question: What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture?

text: mathematical ratios


text: As children coming of age, Scout and Jem face hard realities and learn from them. Lee seems to examine Jem's sense of loss about how his neighbors have disappointed him more than Scout's. Jem says to their neighbor Miss Maudie the day after the trial, "It's like bein' a caterpillar wrapped in a cocoon ... I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that's what they seemed like". This leads him to struggle with understanding the separations of race and class. Just as the novel is an illustration of the changes Jem faces, it is also an exploration of the realities Scout must face as an atypical girl on the verge of womanhood. As one scholar writes, "To Kill a Mockingbird can be read as a feminist Bildungsroman, for Scout emerges from her childhood experiences with a clear sense of her place in her community and an awareness of her potential power as the woman she will one day be."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: As

text: children

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: Scout

text: and

text: Jem

text: face

text: hard

text: realities

text: and

text: learn

text: from

text: them

text: Lee

text: seems

text: to

text: examine

text: Jem

text: 's

text: sense

text: of

text: loss

text: about

text: how

text: his

text: neighbors

text: have

text: disappointed

text: him

text: more

text: than

text: Scout

text: 's

text: Jem

text: says

text: to

text: their

text: neighbor

text: Miss

text: Maudie

text: the

text: day

text: after

text: the

text: trial

text: It

text: 's

text: like

text: bein

text: a

text: caterpillar

text: wrapped

text: in

text: a

text: cocoon

text: I

text: always

text: thought

text: Maycomb

text: folks

text: were

text: the

text: best

text: folks

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: least

text: that

text: 's

text: what

text: they

text: seemed

text: like

text: This

text: leads

text: him

text: to

text: struggle

text: with

text: understanding

text: the

text: separations

text: of

text: race

text: and

text: class

text: Just

text: as

text: the

text: novel

text: is

text: an

text: illustration

text: of

text: the

text: changes

text: Jem

text: faces

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: exploration

text: of

text: the

text: realities

text: Scout

text: must

text: face

text: as

text: an

text: atypical

text: girl

text: on

text: the

text: verge

text: of

text: womanhood

text: As

text: one

text: scholar

text: writes

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: can

text: be

text: read

text: as

text: a

text: feminist

text: Bildungsroman

text: for

text: Scout

text: emerges

text: from

text: her

text: childhood

text: experiences

text: with

text: a

text: clear

text: sense

text: of

text: her

text: place

text: in

text: her

text: community

text: and

text: an

text: awareness

text: of

text: her

text: potential

text: power

text: as

text: the

text: woman

text: she

text: will

text: one

text: day

text: be

question: What was the name of the neighbor that Jem speaks too after Tom Robinson's trial?

answer: Miss Maudie

text: Miss Maudie

question: What des Jem struggle to understand?

answer: separations of race and class

text: separations of race and class


text: Because of a low literacy rate among the public (about 2–3% until the early 19th century and just about 15% at the end of 19th century),[citation needed] ordinary people had to hire scribes as "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis) to be able to communicate with the government. The ethnic groups continued to speak within their families and neighborhoods (mahalles) with their own languages (e.g., Jews, Greeks, Armenians, etc.). In villages where two or more populations lived together, the inhabitants would often speak each other's language. In cosmopolitan cities, people often spoke their family languages; many of those who were not ethnic Turks spoke Turkish as a second language.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Because

text: of

text: a

text: low

text: literacy

text: rate

text: among

text: the

text: public

text: about

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: just

text: about

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: century),[citation

text: needed

text: ordinary

text: people

text: had

text: to

text: hire

text: scribes

text: as

text: special

text: request

text: writers

text: arzuhâlcis

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: communicate

text: with

text: the

text: government

text: The

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: continued

text: to

text: speak

text: within

text: their

text: families

text: and

text: neighborhoods

text: mahalles

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: languages

text: e.g.

text: Jews

text: Greeks

text: Armenians

text: etc

text: In

text: villages

text: where

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: populations

text: lived

text: together

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: would

text: often

text: speak

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: language

text: In

text: cosmopolitan

text: cities

text: people

text: often

text: spoke

text: their

text: family

text: languages

text: many

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: not

text: ethnic

text: Turks

text: spoke

text: Turkish

text: as

text: a

text: second

text: language

question: What was the public's literacy rate in leading up to the early 19th century in the empire?

answer: about 2–3%

text: about 2–3%

question: At the end of the 19th century what was the literacy rate for the public in the Empire believed to be?

answer: 15%

question: What did people resort to when they needed to communicate with the government?

answer: people had to hire scribes

text: people had to hire scribes

question: What were hired scribes known as?

answer: "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis)

text: "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis)

question: What was the second language of those that weren't ethnically Turkish?

answer: Turkish

text: Turkish


text: Though the sultan was the supreme monarch, the sultan's political and executive authority was delegated. The politics of the state had a number of advisors and ministers gathered around a council known as Divan (after the 17th century it was renamed the "Porte"). The Divan, in the years when the Ottoman state was still a Beylik, was composed of the elders of the tribe. Its composition was later modified to include military officers and local elites (such as religious and political advisors). Later still, beginning in 1320, a Grand Vizier was appointed to assume certain of the sultan's responsibilities. The Grand Vizier had considerable independence from the sultan with almost unlimited powers of appointment, dismissal and supervision. Beginning with the late 16th century, sultans withdrew from politics and the Grand Vizier became the de facto head of state.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Though

text: the

text: sultan

text: was

text: the

text: supreme

text: monarch

text: the

text: sultan

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: executive

text: authority

text: was

text: delegated

text: The

text: politics

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: had

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: advisors

text: and

text: ministers

text: gathered

text: around

text: a

text: council

text: known

text: as

text: Divan

text: after

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Porte

text: The

text: Divan

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: when

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: state

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: Beylik

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: elders

text: of

text: the

text: tribe

text: Its

text: composition

text: was

text: later

text: modified

text: to

text: include

text: military

text: officers

text: and

text: local

text: elites

text: such

text: as

text: religious

text: and

text: political

text: advisors

text: Later

text: still

text: beginning

text: in

text: a

text: Grand

text: Vizier

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: assume

text: certain

text: of

text: the

text: sultan

text: 's

text: responsibilities

text: The

text: Grand

text: Vizier

text: had

text: considerable

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: sultan

text: with

text: almost

text: unlimited

text: powers

text: of

text: appointment

text: dismissal

text: and

text: supervision

text: Beginning

text: with

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: sultans

text: withdrew

text: from

text: politics

text: and

text: the

text: Grand

text: Vizier

text: became

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: head

text: of

text: state

question: The sultan of the ottoman empire had what honorific?

answer: the supreme monarch

text: the supreme monarch

question: What was the council that handled state politics named?

answer: Divan

text: Divan

question: What type of people were initially in the Divan?

answer: elders of the tribe

text: elders of the tribe

question: At a later point other groups were admitted into the Divan, what groups?

answer: military officers and local elites

text: military officers and local elites

question: A Grand Vizar began to be appointed in what year?

answer: 1320


text: On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqing. The new expressway is 50 km (31 mi) shorter than the pre-existing road between Chengdu and Chongqing; thus journey time between the two cities was reduced by an hour, now taking two and a half hours. The Sui-Yu Expressway is a four lane overpass with a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph). The total investment was 1.045 billion yuan.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Transportation

text: Bureau

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: Sui

text: Yu

text: Expressway

text: was

text: completed

text: after

text: three

text: years

text: of

text: construction

text: After

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: Chongqing

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: road

text: the

text: km

text: mi

text: expressway

text: connected

text: Cheng

text: Expressway

text: and

text: formed

text: the

text: shortest

text: expressway

text: from

text: Chengdu

text: to

text: Chongqing

text: The

text: new

text: expressway

text: is

text: km

text: mi

text: shorter

text: than

text: the

text: pre

text: existing

text: road

text: between

text: Chengdu

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: thus

text: journey

text: time

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: cities

text: was

text: reduced

text: by

text: an

text: hour

text: now

text: taking

text: two

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: hours

text: The

text: Sui

text: Yu

text: Expressway

text: is

text: a

text: four

text: lane

text: overpass

text: with

text: a

text: speed

text: limit

text: of

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: The

text: total

text: investment

text: was

text: billion

text: yuan

question: How long did it take to complete the Sui-Yu Expressway?

answer: three years

text: three years

question: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing?

answer: two and a half hours

text: two and a half hours

question: What is the speed limit on the Sui-Yu Expressway?

answer: 80 km/h (50 mph)

text: 80 km/h (50 mph)

question: What was the total cost of the Sui-Yu Expressway?

answer: 1.045 billion yuan

text: 1.045 billion yuan

question: How many lanes make up the Sui-Yu Expressway?

answer: four lane

text: four lane

question: What did construction begin on in Nov 2007?

text: Sichuan Transportation Bureau

question: What took 3 years of planning?

text: Sui-Yu Expressway

question: What was the longest espressway from Chengdu to Chongqing?

text: Sui-Yu Expressway

question: What is the expressway 50 km longer than?

question: How long did it take to complete the total investment?

text: three years

question: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Cheng-Nan?

text: two and a half hours

question: What is the speed limit on the Chengdu expressway?

text: 80 km/h (50 mph)

question: What was the total cost of the Chengdu expressway?

text: 1.045 billion yuan

question: How many lanes make up the Chengdu expressway?

text: four lane


text: Portugal has arguably the most liberal laws concerning possession of illicit drugs in the Western world. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including, but not limited to, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than "10 days worth of personal use" are still punishable by jail time and fines. People caught with small amounts of any drug are given the choice to go to a rehab facility, and may refuse treatment without consequences. Despite criticism from other European nations, who stated Portugal's drug consumption would tremendously increase, overall drug use has declined along with the number of HIV infection cases, which had dropped 50 percent by 2009. Drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds also declined, however the use of marijuana rose only slightly among that age group.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portugal

text: has

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: liberal

text: laws

text: concerning

text: possession

text: of

text: illicit

text: drugs

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: In

text: Portugal

text: decriminalized

text: possession

text: of

text: effectively

text: all

text: drugs

text: that

text: are

text: still

text: illegal

text: in

text: other

text: developed

text: nations

text: including

text: but

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: cannabis

text: cocaine

text: heroin

text: and

text: LSD

text: While

text: possession

text: is

text: legal

text: trafficking

text: and

text: possession

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: days

text: worth

text: of

text: personal

text: use

text: are

text: still

text: punishable

text: by

text: jail

text: time

text: and

text: fines

text: People

text: caught

text: with

text: small

text: amounts

text: of

text: any

text: drug

text: are

text: given

text: the

text: choice

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: a

text: rehab

text: facility

text: and

text: may

text: refuse

text: treatment

text: without

text: consequences

text: Despite

text: criticism

text: from

text: other

text: European

text: nations

text: who

text: stated

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: drug

text: consumption

text: would

text: tremendously

text: increase

text: overall

text: drug

text: use

text: has

text: declined

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: HIV

text: infection

text: cases

text: which

text: had

text: dropped

text: percent

text: by

text: Drug

text: use

text: among

text: to

text: olds

text: also

text: declined

text: however

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: marijuana

text: rose

text: only

text: slightly

text: among

text: that

text: age

text: group

question: In which year did Portugal decriminalize drug possession?

answer: 2001

question: How much of a drug is legal to possess?

answer: 10 days worth of personal use

text: 10 days worth of personal use

question: What option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs?

answer: go to a rehab facility

text: go to a rehab facility

question: By 2009, by how much had the rate of HIV infection decreased?

answer: 50 percent

text: 50 percent


text: The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs, a group that produced the non-mammalian Dimetrodon. At the end of the Carboniferous period, this group diverged from the sauropsid line that led to today's reptiles and birds. The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids—sometimes referred to as mammal-like reptiles—before giving rise to the proto-mammals (Therapsida) in the early Mesozoic era. The modern mammalian orders arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era, after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: The

text: early

text: synapsid

text: mammalian

text: ancestors

text: were

text: sphenacodont

text: pelycosaurs

text: a

text: group

text: that

text: produced

text: the

text: non

text: mammalian

text: Dimetrodon

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Carboniferous

text: period

text: this

text: group

text: diverged

text: from

text: the

text: sauropsid

text: line

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: today

text: 's

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: The

text: line

text: following

text: the

text: stem

text: group

text: Sphenacodontia

text: split

text: off

text: several

text: diverse

text: groups

text: of

text: non

text: mammalian

text: synapsids

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: mammal

text: like

text: reptiles

text: before

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: proto

text: mammals

text: Therapsida

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Mesozoic

text: era

text: The

text: modern

text: mammalian

text: orders

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: and

text: Neogene

text: periods

text: of

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: era

text: after

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: avian

text: dinosaurs

text: million

text: years

text: ago

question: From which time period did birds and reptiles began to appear from?

answer: Carboniferous period

text: Carboniferous period

question: When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct?

answer: 66 million years ago

text: 66 million years ago

question: Which early mammalian ancestor produced non-mammalian Dimetroden?

answer: sphenacodont pelycosaurs

text: sphenacodont pelycosaurs

question: When did sphenacodont pelycosaurs become extinct?

text: 66 million years ago

question: What were the modern mammalian orders ancestors called?

text: sphenacodont pelycosaurs

question: At the end of the synapsid period what non-mammal was produced?

text: Dimetrodon

question: The Sphenacodontia arose in the Paleogene and Neogene periods of what era?

text: Cenozoic

question: At the end of the Carboniferous period what did the Neogene diverge from that led to today's reptiles and birds?

text: the sauropsid line


text: By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, "India Beyond the Ganges" had become "the East Indies" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That "east" in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun," used since Roman times for "east." The world map of Jodocus Hondius of 1590 labels all of Asia from the Caspian to the Pacific as India Orientalis, shortly to appear in translation as the East Indies.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: John

text: Seller

text: 's

text: Atlas

text: Maritima

text: of

text: India

text: Beyond

text: the

text: Ganges

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: East

text: Indies

text: including

text: China

text: Korea

text: southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: in

text: a

text: map

text: that

text: was

text: every

text: bit

text: as

text: distorted

text: as

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: despite

text: the

text: lapse

text: of

text: approximately

text: years

text: That

text: east

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: only

text: an

text: English

text: translation

text: of

text: Latin

text: Oriens

text: and

text: Orientalis

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: rising

text: sun

text: used

text: since

text: Roman

text: times

text: for

text: east

text: The

text: world

text: map

text: of

text: Jodocus

text: Hondius

text: of

text: labels

text: all

text: of

text: Asia

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: as

text: India

text: Orientalis

text: shortly

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: translation

text: as

text: the

text: East

text: Indies

question: When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima?

answer: 1670

question: What had "India Beyond the Ganges" become?

answer: the East Indies

text: the East Indies

question: China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific were included in what?

answer: "the East Indies"

text: "the East Indies"

question: What was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun"?

answer: "east"

text: "east"

question: What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map?

answer: 1590