text: The word "public" implies the highest level of inclusivity – the public sphere by definition should be open to all. However, this sphere was only public to relative degrees. Enlightenment thinkers frequently contrasted their conception of the "public" with that of the people: Condorcet contrasted "opinion" with populace, Marmontel "the opinion of men of letters" with "the opinion of the multitude," and d'Alembert the "truly enlightened public" with "the blind and noisy multitude". Additionally, most institutions of the public sphere excluded both women and the lower classes. Cross-class influences occurred through noble and lower class participation in areas such as the coffeehouses and the Masonic lodges.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: word

text: public

text: implies

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: of

text: inclusivity

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: by

text: definition

text: should

text: be

text: open

text: to

text: all

text: However

text: this

text: sphere

text: was

text: only

text: public

text: to

text: relative

text: degrees

text: Enlightenment

text: thinkers

text: frequently

text: contrasted

text: their

text: conception

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: Condorcet

text: contrasted

text: opinion

text: with

text: populace

text: Marmontel

text: the

text: opinion

text: of

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: with

text: the

text: opinion

text: of

text: the

text: multitude

text: and

text: d'Alembert

text: the

text: truly

text: enlightened

text: public

text: with

text: the

text: blind

text: and

text: noisy

text: multitude

text: Additionally

text: most

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: excluded

text: both

text: women

text: and

text: the

text: lower

text: classes

text: Cross

text: class

text: influences

text: occurred

text: through

text: noble

text: and

text: lower

text: class

text: participation

text: in

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: coffeehouses

text: and

text: the

text: Masonic

text: lodges

question: Whixh population groups were excluded from most institutions of the public sphere?

answer: women and the lower classes

text: women and the lower classes

question: Which two areas experienced criss-cross influences through noble and lower class participation?

answer: coffeehouses and the Masonic lodges

text: coffeehouses and the Masonic lodges

question: Marmontel contrasted "the opinion of men of letters" with what?

answer: "the opinion of the multitude,"

text: "the opinion of the multitude,"

question: d'Alembert contrasted the "truly enlightened public" with whom?

answer: "the blind and noisy multitude"

text: "the blind and noisy multitude"


text: Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running east-west and north-south forming a grid pattern. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers served as early boundaries between which the city's early street plan was kept within. In addition, Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (in parenthesis): Centre Square, North East Publick Square (Franklin Square), Northwest Square (Logan Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Southeast Square (Washington Square). Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: central

text: city

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: following

text: the

text: plan

text: by

text: William

text: Penn

text: 's

text: surveyor

text: Thomas

text: Holme

text: Center

text: City

text: is

text: structured

text: with

text: long

text: straight

text: streets

text: running

text: east

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: south

text: forming

text: a

text: grid

text: pattern

text: The

text: original

text: city

text: plan

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: easy

text: travel

text: and

text: to

text: keep

text: residences

text: separated

text: by

text: open

text: space

text: that

text: would

text: help

text: prevent

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: fire

text: The

text: Delaware

text: River

text: and

text: Schuylkill

text: Rivers

text: served

text: as

text: early

text: boundaries

text: between

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: early

text: street

text: plan

text: was

text: kept

text: within

text: In

text: addition

text: Penn

text: planned

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: five

text: public

text: parks

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: which

text: were

text: renamed

text: in

text: in

text: parenthesis

text: Centre

text: Square

text: North

text: East

text: Publick

text: Square

text: Franklin

text: Square

text: Northwest

text: Square

text: Logan

text: Square

text: Southwest

text: Square

text: Rittenhouse

text: Square

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Square

text: Washington

text: Square

text: Center

text: City

text: has

text: grown

text: into

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: downtown

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: Midtown

text: Manhattan

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: residents

text: in

question: Who planned the central city?

answer: Thomas Holme

text: Thomas Holme

question: Which rivers run through the city?

answer: The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers

text: The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers

question: How many public parks did Penn plan?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many live in the central area today?

answer: 183,240


text: Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Over

text: works

text: of

text: Chopin

text: survive

text: some

text: compositions

text: from

text: early

text: childhood

text: have

text: been

text: lost

text: All

text: his

text: known

text: works

text: involve

text: the

text: piano

text: and

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: range

text: beyond

text: solo

text: piano

text: music

text: as

text: either

text: piano

text: concertos

text: songs

text: or

text: chamber

text: music

question: How many of Chopin's works still exist?

answer: Over 230

text: Over 230

question: All of his pieces include what instrument?

answer: piano

text: piano

question: How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived?

answer: Over 230

text: Over 230

question: Only a few of Chopin's pieces involve more than the piano, including piano concertos, songs and what?

answer: chamber music.

text: chamber music.


text: The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, and thus contain few large intracellular structures. They lack a true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles present in eukaryotic cells. Bacteria were once seen as simple bags of cytoplasm, but structures such as the prokaryotic cytoskeleton and the localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm that give bacteria some complexity have been discovered. These subcellular levels of organization have been called "bacterial hyperstructures".

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: The

text: bacterial

text: cell

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: cell

text: membrane

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: lipid

text: cytoplasmic

text: or

text: plasma

text: membrane

text: This

text: membrane

text: encloses

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: and

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: barrier

text: to

text: hold

text: nutrients

text: proteins

text: and

text: other

text: essential

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: within

text: the

text: cell

text: As

text: they

text: are

text: prokaryotes

text: bacteria

text: do

text: not

text: usually

text: have

text: membrane

text: bound

text: organelles

text: in

text: their

text: cytoplasm

text: and

text: thus

text: contain

text: few

text: large

text: intracellular

text: structures

text: They

text: lack

text: a

text: true

text: nucleus

text: mitochondria

text: chloroplasts

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: organelles

text: present

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: Bacteria

text: were

text: once

text: seen

text: as

text: simple

text: bags

text: of

text: cytoplasm

text: but

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: prokaryotic

text: cytoskeleton

text: and

text: the

text: localization

text: of

text: proteins

text: to

text: specific

text: locations

text: within

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: that

text: give

text: bacteria

text: some

text: complexity

text: have

text: been

text: discovered

text: These

text: subcellular

text: levels

text: of

text: organization

text: have

text: been

text: called

text: bacterial

text: hyperstructures

question: What is a cell membrane?

answer: lipid

text: lipid

question: What does membrane accomplish?

answer: barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components

text: barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components

question: Do bacteria have membrabe-bound organelles in their cytoplasm?

answer: do not

text: do not

question: Absence of what make bacteria belong to prokaryotes?

answer: true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles

text: true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles

question: What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered?

answer: simple bags of cytoplasm

text: simple bags of cytoplasm


text: Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Also called voter fraud, the mechanisms involved include illegal voter registration, intimidation at polls, and improper vote counting.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Electoral

text: fraud

text: is

text: illegal

text: interference

text: with

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: an

text: election

text: Acts

text: of

text: fraud

text: affect

text: vote

text: counts

text: to

text: bring

text: about

text: an

text: election

text: result

text: whether

text: by

text: increasing

text: the

text: vote

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: favored

text: candidate

text: depressing

text: the

text: vote

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: rival

text: candidates

text: or

text: both

text: Also

text: called

text: voter

text: fraud

text: the

text: mechanisms

text: involved

text: include

text: illegal

text: voter

text: registration

text: intimidation

text: at

text: polls

text: and

text: improper

text: vote

text: counting

question: Illegal interference with an election is called what?

answer: Electoral fraud

text: Electoral fraud

question: Another term for electoral fraud is what?

answer: voter fraud

text: voter fraud

question: Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud?

answer: intimidation

text: intimidation


text: Detroit, like many places in the United States, developed racial conflict and discrimination in the 20th century following rapid demographic changes as hundreds of thousands of new workers were attracted to the industrial city; in a short period it became the 4th-largest city in the nation. The Great Migration brought rural blacks from the South; they were outnumbered by southern whites who also migrated to the city. Immigration brought southern and eastern Europeans of Catholic and Jewish faith; these new groups competed with native-born whites for jobs and housing in the booming city. Detroit was one of the major Midwest cities that was a site for the dramatic urban revival of the Ku Klux Klan beginning in 1915. "By the 1920s the city had become a stronghold of the KKK," whose members opposed Catholic and Jewish immigrants, as well as black Americans. The Black Legion, a secret vigilante group, was active in the Detroit area in the 1930s, when one-third of its estimated 20,000 to 30,000 members in Michigan were based in the city. It was defeated after numerous prosecutions following the kidnapping and murder in 1936 of Charles Poole, a Catholic Works Progress Administration organizer. A total of 49 men of the Black Legion were convicted of numerous crimes, with many sentenced to life in prison for murder.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Detroit

text: like

text: many

text: places

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: developed

text: racial

text: conflict

text: and

text: discrimination

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: following

text: rapid

text: demographic

text: changes

text: as

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: new

text: workers

text: were

text: attracted

text: to

text: the

text: industrial

text: city

text: in

text: a

text: short

text: period

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: The

text: Great

text: Migration

text: brought

text: rural

text: blacks

text: from

text: the

text: South

text: they

text: were

text: outnumbered

text: by

text: southern

text: whites

text: who

text: also

text: migrated

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: Immigration

text: brought

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: Europeans

text: of

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Jewish

text: faith

text: these

text: new

text: groups

text: competed

text: with

text: native

text: born

text: whites

text: for

text: jobs

text: and

text: housing

text: in

text: the

text: booming

text: city

text: Detroit

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: Midwest

text: cities

text: that

text: was

text: a

text: site

text: for

text: the

text: dramatic

text: urban

text: revival

text: of

text: the

text: Ku

text: Klux

text: Klan

text: beginning

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: stronghold

text: of

text: the

text: KKK

text: whose

text: members

text: opposed

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Jewish

text: immigrants

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: black

text: Americans

text: The

text: Black

text: Legion

text: a

text: secret

text: vigilante

text: group

text: was

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: Detroit

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: its

text: estimated

text: to

text: members

text: in

text: Michigan

text: were

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: It

text: was

text: defeated

text: after

text: numerous

text: prosecutions

text: following

text: the

text: kidnapping

text: and

text: murder

text: in

text: of

text: Charles

text: Poole

text: a

text: Catholic

text: Works

text: Progress

text: Administration

text: organizer

text: A

text: total

text: of

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Legion

text: were

text: convicted

text: of

text: numerous

text: crimes

text: with

text: many

text: sentenced

text: to

text: life

text: in

text: prison

text: for

text: murder

question: What was the name of a vigilante group in Detroit?

answer: The Black Legion

text: The Black Legion

question: How many people of The Black Legion were convicted of crimes?

answer: 49

question: By which decade had the KKK become very active in Detroit?

answer: 1920s

question: What is the name of the movement of rural blacks in the early 20th century called?

answer: The Great Migration

text: The Great Migration


text: The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tramways. A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built, but in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path. In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: The

text: Somerset

text: Coal

text: Canal

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: transportation

text: of

text: coal

text: and

text: other

text: heavy

text: produce

text: The

text: first

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: running

text: from

text: a

text: junction

text: with

text: the

text: Kennet

text: and

text: Avon

text: Canal

text: along

text: the

text: Cam

text: valley

text: to

text: a

text: terminal

text: basin

text: at

text: Paulton

text: were

text: in

text: use

text: by

text: together

text: with

text: several

text: tramways

text: A

text: planned

text: km

text: mi

text: branch

text: to

text: Midford

text: was

text: never

text: built

text: but

text: in

text: a

text: tramway

text: was

text: laid

text: along

text: its

text: towing

text: path

text: In

text: the

text: tramway

text: was

text: purchased

text: by

text: the

text: Somerset

text: and

text: Dorset

text: Joint

text: Railway

text: S&DJR

text: and

text: operated

text: until

text: the

question: Why was the Somerset county Canal built

answer: to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce

text: to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce

question: What was in use along the canal

answer: several tramways

text: several tramways

question: What was never built

answer: A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built

text: A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built

question: What was laid on the path to Midford

answer: in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path

text: in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path

question: Who purchased the tramway in 1871

answer: In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s

text: In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s

question: Who built the Somerset Coal Canal?

text: Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway

question: In what year had it been planned to build a branch to Midford?

question: In what year were the several tramways completed?

question: In what year was Paulton established?


text: Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Although the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy, Shuman’s vision and basic design were resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy. In 1916 Shuman was quoted in the media advocating solar energy's utilization, saying:

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Shuman

text: built

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: first

text: solar

text: thermal

text: power

text: station

text: in

text: Maadi

text: Egypt

text: between

text: and

text: Shuman

text: ’s

text: plant

text: used

text: parabolic

text: troughs

text: to

text: power

text: a

text: kilowatts

text: hp

text: engine

text: that

text: pumped

text: more

text: than

text: litres

text: imp

text: gal

text: US

text: gal

text: of

text: water

text: per

text: minute

text: from

text: the

text: Nile

text: River

text: to

text: adjacent

text: cotton

text: fields

text: Although

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: cheap

text: oil

text: in

text: the

text: discouraged

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: Shuman

text: ’s

text: vision

text: and

text: basic

text: design

text: were

text: resurrected

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: wave

text: of

text: interest

text: in

text: solar

text: thermal

text: energy

text: In

text: Shuman

text: was

text: quoted

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: advocating

text: solar

text: energy

text: 's

text: utilization

text: saying

question: Where did Shuman build the world's first solar thermal power station?

answer: Maadi, Egypt

text: Maadi, Egypt

question: How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres?

answer: 22,000

question: In what decade were Shuman's ideas about solar energy revived?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s

question: Where was the first solar thermal power plant built?

answer: Maadi, Egypt

text: Maadi, Egypt

question: What was used to power the plants engine?

answer: parabolic troughs

text: parabolic troughs

question: From what river did the engine pump water?

answer: Nile River

text: Nile River

question: What slowed down the growth of solar energy?

answer: the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil

text: the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil

question: When was the interest in solar energy restored?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s


text: Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, singing was apparently one of Dominic's great delights. Dominic practiced self-scourging and would mortify himself as he prayed alone in the chapel at night for 'poor sinners.' He owned a single habit, refused to carry money, and would allow no one to serve him.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Dominic

text: 's

text: search

text: for

text: a

text: close

text: relationship

text: with

text: God

text: was

text: determined

text: and

text: unceasing

text: He

text: rarely

text: spoke

text: so

text: little

text: of

text: his

text: interior

text: life

text: is

text: known

text: What

text: is

text: known

text: about

text: it

text: comes

text: from

text: accounts

text: written

text: by

text: people

text: near

text: to

text: him

text: St.

text: Cecilia

text: remembered

text: him

text: as

text: cheerful

text: charitable

text: and

text: full

text: of

text: unceasing

text: vigor

text: From

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: accounts

text: singing

text: was

text: apparently

text: one

text: of

text: Dominic

text: 's

text: great

text: delights

text: Dominic

text: practiced

text: self

text: scourging

text: and

text: would

text: mortify

text: himself

text: as

text: he

text: prayed

text: alone

text: in

text: the

text: chapel

text: at

text: night

text: for

text: poor

text: sinners

text: He

text: owned

text: a

text: single

text: habit

text: refused

text: to

text: carry

text: money

text: and

text: would

text: allow

text: no

text: one

text: to

text: serve

text: him

question: What did Dominic greatly struggle with?

answer: relationship with God

text: relationship with God

question: Who remembered Dominic as a cheerful fellow?

answer: St. Cecilia

text: St. Cecilia

question: What did Dominic enjoy doing?

answer: sing

text: sing

question: Who did Dominic pray for?

answer: poor sinners

text: poor sinners

question: What did Dominic refuse to do?

answer: carry money

text: carry money

question: What did Dominic not struggle with?

text: a close relationship with God

question: Who remembered Dominic as a sour fellow?

text: St. Cecilia

question: What did Dominic not like to greatly do?

text: singing

question: Who did Dominic not pray for?

text: 'poor sinners

question: Who owned multiple habits?

text: Dominic


text: The Hoddle Grid (dimensions of 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)) forms the centre of Melbourne's central business district. The grid's southern edge fronts onto the Yarra River. Office, commercial and public developments in the adjoining districts of Southbank and Docklands have made these redeveloped areas into extensions of the CBD in all but name. The city centre has a reputation for its historic and prominent lanes and arcades (most notably Block Place and Royal Arcade) which contain a variety of shops and cafés and are a byproduct of the city's layout.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: The

text: Hoddle

text: Grid

text: dimensions

text: of

text: by

text: mile

text: by

text: km

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: The

text: grid

text: 's

text: southern

text: edge

text: fronts

text: onto

text: the

text: Yarra

text: River

text: Office

text: commercial

text: and

text: public

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: adjoining

text: districts

text: of

text: Southbank

text: and

text: Docklands

text: have

text: made

text: these

text: redeveloped

text: areas

text: into

text: extensions

text: of

text: the

text: CBD

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: name

text: The

text: city

text: centre

text: has

text: a

text: reputation

text: for

text: its

text: historic

text: and

text: prominent

text: lanes

text: and

text: arcades

text: most

text: notably

text: Block

text: Place

text: and

text: Royal

text: Arcade

text: which

text: contain

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: shops

text: and

text: cafés

text: and

text: are

text: a

text: byproduct

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: layout

question: What are the dimensions of the Hoddle Grid?

answer: 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)

text: 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)

question: Which edge of the Hoddle Grid fronts onto the Yarra River?

answer: southern

text: southern

question: What is the name of a popular arcade located within the Hoddle Grid?

answer: Royal Arcade

text: Royal Arcade


text: On September 30, 1987, Foster filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to patent his invented sport. The patent application covered the rules of the game, specifically detailing the goalposts and rebound netting and their impact on gameplay. Foster's application was granted on March 27, 1990. The patent expired on September 30, 2007.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: On

text: September

text: Foster

text: filed

text: an

text: application

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Patent

text: and

text: Trademark

text: Office

text: to

text: patent

text: his

text: invented

text: sport

text: The

text: patent

text: application

text: covered

text: the

text: rules

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: specifically

text: detailing

text: the

text: goalposts

text: and

text: rebound

text: netting

text: and

text: their

text: impact

text: on

text: gameplay

text: Foster

text: 's

text: application

text: was

text: granted

text: on

text: March

text: The

text: patent

text: expired

text: on

text: September

question: On what date did Foster apply for a patent on arena football?

answer: September 30, 1987

text: September 30, 1987

question: When did the United States Patent and Trademark Office grant Foster's patent?

answer: March 27, 1990

text: March 27, 1990

question: On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent?

answer: September 30, 2007

text: September 30, 2007

question: With whom did Foster file his patent?

answer: the United States Patent and Trademark Office

text: the United States Patent and Trademark Office


text: Polarization is predictable from an antenna's geometry, although in some cases it is not at all obvious (such as for the quad antenna). An antenna's linear polarization is generally along the direction (as viewed from the receiving location) of the antenna's currents when such a direction can be defined. For instance, a vertical whip antenna or Wi-Fi antenna vertically oriented will transmit and receive in the vertical polarization. Antennas with horizontal elements, such as most rooftop TV antennas in the United States, are horizontally polarized (broadcast TV in the U.S. usually uses horizontal polarization). Even when the antenna system has a vertical orientation, such as an array of horizontal dipole antennas, the polarization is in the horizontal direction corresponding to the current flow. The polarization of a commercial antenna is an essential specification.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Polarization

text: is

text: predictable

text: from

text: an

text: antenna

text: 's

text: geometry

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: at

text: all

text: obvious

text: such

text: as

text: for

text: the

text: quad

text: antenna

text: An

text: antenna

text: 's

text: linear

text: polarization

text: is

text: generally

text: along

text: the

text: direction

text: as

text: viewed

text: from

text: the

text: receiving

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: currents

text: when

text: such

text: a

text: direction

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: For

text: instance

text: a

text: vertical

text: whip

text: antenna

text: or

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: antenna

text: vertically

text: oriented

text: will

text: transmit

text: and

text: receive

text: in

text: the

text: vertical

text: polarization

text: Antennas

text: with

text: horizontal

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: most

text: rooftop

text: TV

text: antennas

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: horizontally

text: polarized

text: broadcast

text: TV

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: usually

text: uses

text: horizontal

text: polarization

text: Even

text: when

text: the

text: antenna

text: system

text: has

text: a

text: vertical

text: orientation

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: horizontal

text: dipole

text: antennas

text: the

text: polarization

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: horizontal

text: direction

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: flow

text: The

text: polarization

text: of

text: a

text: commercial

text: antenna

text: is

text: an

text: essential

text: specification

question: Whats predictable about an antenna's geometry?

answer: Polarization

text: Polarization

question: What is a more complicated type of polarization from an antenna's geometry?

answer: quad antenna

text: quad antenna

question: The polarization of what antenna is essential specification?

answer: commercial antenna

text: commercial antenna

question: Most rooftop antenna's are polarized in which direction?

answer: horizontal

text: horizontal


text: Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.

title: Myocardial_infarction

title: Myocardial_infarction

text: Aspirin

text: is

text: an

text: appropriate

text: immediate

text: treatment

text: for

text: a

text: suspected

text: MI

text: Nitroglycerin

text: or

text: opioids

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: help

text: with

text: chest

text: pain

text: however

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: improve

text: overall

text: outcomes

text: Supplemental

text: oxygen

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: low

text: oxygen

text: levels

text: or

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: In

text: ST

text: elevation

text: MIs

text: treatments

text: which

text: attempt

text: to

text: restore

text: blood

text: flow

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: are

text: typically

text: recommended

text: and

text: include

text: angioplasty

text: where

text: the

text: arteries

text: are

text: pushed

text: open

text: or

text: thrombolysis

text: where

text: the

text: blockage

text: is

text: removed

text: using

text: medications

text: People

text: who

text: have

text: a

text: non

text: ST

text: elevation

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: NSTEMI

text: are

text: often

text: managed

text: with

text: the

text: blood

text: thinner

text: heparin

text: with

text: the

text: additional

text: use

text: angioplasty

text: in

text: those

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: In

text: people

text: with

text: blockages

text: of

text: multiple

text: coronary

text: arteries

text: and

text: diabetes

text: bypass

text: surgery

text: CABG

text: may

text: be

text: recommended

text: rather

text: than

text: angioplasty

text: After

text: an

text: MI

text: lifestyle

text: modifications

text: along

text: with

text: long

text: term

text: treatment

text: with

text: aspirin

text: beta

text: blockers

text: and

text: statins

text: are

text: typically

text: recommended

question: What drugstore item is a poor treatment for MI?

text: Aspirin

question: Supplemental oxygen does not improve what?

text: overall outcomes

question: What medicine is used to remove blockages?

text: aspirin, beta blockers, and statins

question: What surgery is designed to slow blood flow?

text: angioplasty

question: What blood thinner is used in ST elevation treatments?

text: heparin


text: When the Xbox 360 was released, Microsoft's online gaming service Xbox Live was shut down for 24 hours and underwent a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service called Xbox Live Silver (later renamed Xbox Live Free) to its already established premium subscription-based service (which was renamed Gold). Xbox Live Free is included with all SKUs of the console. It allows users to create a user profile, join on message boards, and access Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade and Marketplace and talk to other members. A Live Free account does not generally support multiplayer gaming; however, some games that have rather limited online functions already, (such as Viva Piñata) or games that feature their own subscription service (e.g. EA Sports games) can be played with a Free account. Xbox Live also supports voice the latter a feature possible with the Xbox Live Vision.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: When

text: the

text: Xbox

text: was

text: released

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: online

text: gaming

text: service

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: was

text: shut

text: down

text: for

text: hours

text: and

text: underwent

text: a

text: major

text: upgrade

text: adding

text: a

text: basic

text: non

text: subscription

text: service

text: called

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Silver

text: later

text: renamed

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Free

text: to

text: its

text: already

text: established

text: premium

text: subscription

text: based

text: service

text: which

text: was

text: renamed

text: Gold

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Free

text: is

text: included

text: with

text: all

text: SKUs

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: It

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: user

text: profile

text: join

text: on

text: message

text: boards

text: and

text: access

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Arcade

text: and

text: Marketplace

text: and

text: talk

text: to

text: other

text: members

text: A

text: Live

text: Free

text: account

text: does

text: not

text: generally

text: support

text: multiplayer

text: gaming

text: however

text: some

text: games

text: that

text: have

text: rather

text: limited

text: online

text: functions

text: already

text: such

text: as

text: Viva

text: Piñata

text: or

text: games

text: that

text: feature

text: their

text: own

text: subscription

text: service

text: e.g.

text: EA

text: Sports

text: games

text: can

text: be

text: played

text: with

text: a

text: Free

text: account

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: also

text: supports

text: voice

text: the

text: latter

text: a

text: feature

text: possible

text: with

text: the

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Vision

question: What was the name of the non-subscription Xbox online gaming service?

answer: Xbox Live Silver

text: Xbox Live Silver

question: What was the "color" name given to the premium version of Xbox Live?

answer: Gold

text: Gold

question: What key feature is not supported by the free version of Live?

answer: multiplayer gaming

text: multiplayer gaming

question: Which popular gaming titles have their own online service outside Xbox Live?

answer: EA Sports games

text: EA Sports games

question: Voice support came online with what feature addition?

answer: Xbox Live Vision

text: Xbox Live Vision

question: What was Xbox Live Free renamed as?

text: Xbox Live Silver

question: What color is associated with Xbox Live Arcade?

text: Gold

question: How long was voice support down after its launch?

text: 24 hours

question: What is an example of a game that does not support multiplayer online?

text: Viva Piñata

question: What game with its own subscription service cannot be played using Live Free?

text: EA Sports


text: The city also has several major surface arteries. U.S. Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford, West Haven, East Haven and Branford. The main road from downtown heading northwest is Whalley Avenue (partly signed as Route 10 and Route 63) leading to Westville and Woodbridge. Heading north towards Hamden, there are two major thoroughfares, Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue. To the northeast are Middletown Avenue (Route 17), which leads to the Montowese section of North Haven, and Foxon Boulevard (Route 80), which leads to the Foxon section of East Haven and to the town of North Branford. To the west is Route 34, which leads to the city of Derby. Other major intracity arteries are Ella Grasso Boulevard (Route 10) west of downtown, and College Street, Temple Street, Church Street, Elm Street, and Grove Street in the downtown area.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: has

text: several

text: major

text: surface

text: arteries

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: Columbus

text: Avenue

text: Union

text: Avenue

text: Water

text: Street

text: Forbes

text: Avenue

text: runs

text: in

text: an

text: east

text: west

text: direction

text: south

text: of

text: downtown

text: serving

text: Union

text: Station

text: and

text: leading

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: Milford

text: West

text: Haven

text: East

text: Haven

text: and

text: Branford

text: The

text: main

text: road

text: from

text: downtown

text: heading

text: northwest

text: is

text: Whalley

text: Avenue

text: partly

text: signed

text: as

text: Route

text: and

text: Route

text: leading

text: to

text: Westville

text: and

text: Woodbridge

text: Heading

text: north

text: towards

text: Hamden

text: there

text: are

text: two

text: major

text: thoroughfares

text: Dixwell

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Whitney

text: Avenue

text: To

text: the

text: northeast

text: are

text: Middletown

text: Avenue

text: Route

text: which

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: Montowese

text: section

text: of

text: North

text: Haven

text: and

text: Foxon

text: Boulevard

text: Route

text: which

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: Foxon

text: section

text: of

text: East

text: Haven

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: North

text: Branford

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: is

text: Route

text: which

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Derby

text: Other

text: major

text: intracity

text: arteries

text: are

text: Ella

text: Grasso

text: Boulevard

text: Route

text: west

text: of

text: downtown

text: and

text: College

text: Street

text: Temple

text: Street

text: Church

text: Street

text: Elm

text: Street

text: and

text: Grove

text: Street

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

question: What east-west artery in New Haven serves Union Station?

answer: U.S. Route 1

text: U.S. Route 1

question: What road leading northwest from downtown New Haven comprises both Route 10 and Route 63 at various points?

answer: Whalley Avenue

text: Whalley Avenue

question: What two major thoroughfares lie to the north of New Haven towards Hamden?

answer: Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue

text: Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue

question: What northeast avenue in New Haven is signed as Route 17?

answer: Middletown

text: Middletown

question: What western road provides access from New Haven to the city of Derby?

answer: Route 34

text: Route 34

question: Where does U.S. Route 1 runs in terms of direction within the city?

answer: east-west direction

text: east-west direction

question: What is the name of the route that heads north of downtown?

answer: Whalley Avenue

text: Whalley Avenue

question: What city does the western route 34 leads to?

answer: Derby

text: Derby

question: What is another surface arteries that is located west of downtown New Haven?

answer: Ella Grasso Boulevard

text: Ella Grasso Boulevard


text: Paul VI was concerned but not surprised by the negative reaction in Western Europe and the United States. He fully anticipated this reaction to be a temporary one: "Don't be afraid", he reportedly told Edouard Gagnon on the eve of the encyclical, "in twenty years time they'll call me a prophet." His biography on the Vatican's website notes of his reaffirmations of priestly celibacy and the traditional teaching on contraception that "[t]he controversies over these two pronouncements tended to overshadow the last years of his pontificate". Pope John Paul II later reaffirmed and expanded upon Humanae vitae with the encyclical Evangelium vitae.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Paul

text: VI

text: was

text: concerned

text: but

text: not

text: surprised

text: by

text: the

text: negative

text: reaction

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: He

text: fully

text: anticipated

text: this

text: reaction

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: temporary

text: one

text: Do

text: n't

text: be

text: afraid

text: he

text: reportedly

text: told

text: Edouard

text: Gagnon

text: on

text: the

text: eve

text: of

text: the

text: encyclical

text: in

text: twenty

text: years

text: time

text: they

text: 'll

text: call

text: me

text: a

text: prophet

text: His

text: biography

text: on

text: the

text: Vatican

text: 's

text: website

text: notes

text: of

text: his

text: reaffirmations

text: of

text: priestly

text: celibacy

text: and

text: the

text: traditional

text: teaching

text: on

text: contraception

text: that

text: t]he

text: controversies

text: over

text: these

text: two

text: pronouncements

text: tended

text: to

text: overshadow

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: pontificate

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: later

text: reaffirmed

text: and

text: expanded

text: upon

text: Humanae

text: vitae

text: with

text: the

text: encyclical

text: Evangelium

text: vitae

question: To whom did Paul VI tell "not to be afraid" when the church released its statement on birth control?

answer: Edouard Gagnon

text: Edouard Gagnon

question: What did Paul VI declare he would be seen as in 25 years?

answer: prophet

text: prophet

question: To which pope can the Evangelium Vitae be attributed to?

answer: Pope John Paul II

text: Pope John Paul II

question: Which pope affirmed Paul VI Humanae Vitae?

answer: Pope John Paul II

text: Pope John Paul II

question: To what did Western Europe and the United States demonstrate a negative response?

answer: the encyclical

text: the encyclical


text: West of the Rocky Mountains lies the Intermontane Plateaus (also known as the Intermountain West), a large, arid desert lying between the Rockies and the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges. The large southern portion, known as the Great Basin, consists of salt flats, drainage basins, and many small north-south mountain ranges. The Southwest is predominantly a low-lying desert region. A portion known as the Colorado Plateau, centered around the Four Corners region, is considered to have some of the most spectacular scenery in the world. It is accentuated in such national parks as Grand Canyon, Arches, Mesa Verde National Park and Bryce Canyon, among others. Other smaller Intermontane areas include the Columbia Plateau covering eastern Washington, western Idaho and northeast Oregon and the Snake River Plain in Southern Idaho.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: West

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: lies

text: the

text: Intermontane

text: Plateaus

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Intermountain

text: West

text: a

text: large

text: arid

text: desert

text: lying

text: between

text: the

text: Rockies

text: and

text: the

text: Cascades

text: and

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: ranges

text: The

text: large

text: southern

text: portion

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Basin

text: consists

text: of

text: salt

text: flats

text: drainage

text: basins

text: and

text: many

text: small

text: north

text: south

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: The

text: Southwest

text: is

text: predominantly

text: a

text: low

text: lying

text: desert

text: region

text: A

text: portion

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Colorado

text: Plateau

text: centered

text: around

text: the

text: Four

text: Corners

text: region

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: spectacular

text: scenery

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: accentuated

text: in

text: such

text: national

text: parks

text: as

text: Grand

text: Canyon

text: Arches

text: Mesa

text: Verde

text: National

text: Park

text: and

text: Bryce

text: Canyon

text: among

text: others

text: Other

text: smaller

text: Intermontane

text: areas

text: include

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Plateau

text: covering

text: eastern

text: Washington

text: western

text: Idaho

text: and

text: northeast

text: Oregon

text: and

text: the

text: Snake

text: River

text: Plain

text: in

text: Southern

text: Idaho

question: What is the name of the plateau that lies west of the Rocky Mountains?

answer: Intermontane Plateaus

text: Intermontane Plateaus

question: What is the name of the large southern portion of the Intermontane Plateaus?

answer: the Great Basin

text: the Great Basin

question: What type of flats compose the Great Basin?

answer: salt flats

text: salt flats

question: What region is centered around the Four Corners?

answer: Colorado Plateau

text: Colorado Plateau

question: What is the name of the plateau that lies east of the Rocky Mountains?

text: Intermontane Plateaus

question: A large semi arid desert lies between Rockies and what?

text: the Cascades

question: The large northern portion is known as what?

text: Great Basin,

question: The South East is predominantly what?

text: a low-lying desert region


text: In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: In

text: the

text: country

text: switched

text: its

text: currency

text: from

text: the

text: Bermudian

text: pound

text: to

text: the

text: Bermudian

text: dollar

text: which

text: is

text: pegged

text: at

text: par

text: with

text: the

text: US

text: dollar

text: US

text: notes

text: and

text: coins

text: are

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: Bermudian

text: notes

text: and

text: coins

text: within

text: the

text: islands

text: for

text: most

text: practical

text: purposes

text: however

text: banks

text: levy

text: an

text: exchange

text: rate

text: fee

text: for

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: US

text: dollars

text: with

text: Bermudian

text: dollars

text: Bermudian

text: notes

text: carry

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: The

text: Bermuda

text: Monetary

text: Authority

text: is

text: the

text: issuing

text: authority

text: for

text: all

text: banknotes

text: and

text: coins

text: and

text: regulates

text: financial

text: institutions

text: The

text: Royal

text: Naval

text: Dockyard

text: Museum

text: holds

text: a

text: permanent

text: exhibition

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: notes

text: and

text: coins

question: What was the new currency in Bermuda as of 1970?

answer: Bermudian dollar

text: Bermudian dollar

question: The Bermudian dollar is equal to what other currency and can be used interchangeably?

answer: US dollar

text: US dollar

question: Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?

answer: Queen Elizabeth II.

text: Queen Elizabeth II.

question: Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?

answer: Bermuda Monetary Authority

text: Bermuda Monetary Authority

question: Where can you see a permanent exhibition of Bermuda currency?

answer: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum

text: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum

question: What did the country switch in 1907?

text: currency

question: What currency did Bermuda switch to in 1907?

text: Bermudian dollar

question: Who do the US notes carry the image of?

text: Queen Elizabeth II

question: What does the Naval Dockyard Royal Museum hold a permanent collection of?

text: Bermuda notes and coins


text: Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (More than a club). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the second most valuable sports team in the world, worth $3.16 billion, and the world's second richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of €560.8 million. The official Barcelona anthem is the "Cant del Barça", written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Swiss

text: English

text: and

text: Catalan

text: footballers

text: led

text: by

text: Joan

text: Gamper

text: the

text: club

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: Catalan

text: culture

text: and

text: Catalanism

text: hence

text: the

text: motto

text: Més

text: que

text: un

text: club

text: More

text: than

text: a

text: club

text: Unlike

text: many

text: other

text: football

text: clubs

text: the

text: supporters

text: own

text: and

text: operate

text: Barcelona

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: valuable

text: sports

text: team

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: worth

text: billion

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: richest

text: football

text: club

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: revenue

text: with

text: an

text: annual

text: turnover

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: official

text: Barcelona

text: anthem

text: is

text: the

text: Ca

text: nt

text: del

text: Barça

text: written

text: by

text: Jaume

text: Picas

text: and

text: Josep

text: Maria

text: Espinàs

question: When was Barcelona founded?

answer: 1899

question: Who led the founders of the Barcelona football club?

answer: Joan Gamper

text: Joan Gamper

question: What is the Barcelona motto?

answer: Més que un club

text: Més que un club

question: How much is club Barcelona worth?

answer: $3.16 billion

text: $3.16 billion

question: What is the title of the Barcelona club song?

answer: "Cant del Barça"

text: "Cant del Barça"


text: With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into the English language; some of them, such as Pope Gregory I's treatise Pastoral Care, appear to have been translated by Alfred himself. In Old English, typical of the development of literature, poetry arose before prose, but King Alfred the Great (871 to 901) chiefly inspired the growth of prose.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: With

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdoms

text: outside

text: the

text: Danelaw

text: by

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: century

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: literature

text: became

text: standardised

text: around

text: the

text: West

text: Saxon

text: dialect

text: Early

text: West

text: Saxon

text: Alfred

text: advocated

text: education

text: in

text: English

text: alongside

text: Latin

text: and

text: had

text: many

text: works

text: translated

text: into

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: such

text: as

text: Pope

text: Gregory

text: I

text: 's

text: treatise

text: Pastoral

text: Care

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: translated

text: by

text: Alfred

text: himself

text: In

text: Old

text: English

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: literature

text: poetry

text: arose

text: before

text: prose

text: but

text: King

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: to

text: chiefly

text: inspired

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: prose

question: What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?

answer: Alfred the Great

text: Alfred the Great

question: What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?

answer: Pastoral Care

text: Pastoral Care

question: When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?

answer: 871

question: In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?

answer: 9th

question: What dialect did Alfred's government use?

answer: West Saxon

text: West Saxon

question: Who unified the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 900's?

text: Alfred the Great

question: Who advocated making Latin the language of education?

text: Alfred the Great

question: What treatise did Pope Gregory I have translated into English?

text: Pastoral Care

question: What Anglo-Saxon king died in the 9th century?

text: King Alfred the Great


text: What's New was announced at Gamescom 2009 and was released on September 1, 2009, with PlayStation 3 system software 3.0. The feature was to replace the existing [Information Board], which displayed news from the PlayStation website associated with the user's region. The concept was developed further into a major PlayStation Network feature, which interacts with the [Status Indicator] to display a ticker of all content, excluding recently played content (currently in North America and Japan only).

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: What

text: 's

text: New

text: was

text: announced

text: at

text: Gamescom

text: and

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: with

text: PlayStation

text: system

text: software

text: The

text: feature

text: was

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: existing

text: Information

text: Board

text: which

text: displayed

text: news

text: from

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: website

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: user

text: 's

text: region

text: The

text: concept

text: was

text: developed

text: further

text: into

text: a

text: major

text: PlayStation

text: Network

text: feature

text: which

text: interacts

text: with

text: the

text: Status

text: Indicator

text: to

text: display

text: a

text: ticker

text: of

text: all

text: content

text: excluding

text: recently

text: played

text: content

text: currently

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Japan

text: only

question: What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2009?

answer: What's New

text: What's New

question: At what event did Sony announce What's New?

answer: Gamescom

text: Gamescom

question: What did What's New replace?

answer: Information Board

text: Information Board

question: What type of information is disseminated through What's New?

answer: news

text: news

question: What's geographical area does What's New tailor information to for each user?

answer: region

text: region

question: What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2008?

text: What's New

question: At what event did Sony cancel What's New?

text: Gamescom

question: What did What's New get replaced by?

text: Information Board

question: What type of information is disseminated outside of What's New?

text: news

question: What's biographical area does What's New tailor information to for each user?

text: region


text: The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: Compacts

text: of

text: Free

text: Association

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Federated

text: States

text: of

text: Micronesia

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Palau

text: accorded

text: the

text: former

text: entities

text: of

text: the

text: Trust

text: Territory

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: a

text: political

text: status

text: of

text: free

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Compacts

text: give

text: citizens

text: of

text: these

text: island

text: nations

text: generally

text: no

text: restrictions

text: to

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: also

text: its

text: territories

text: and

text: many

text: were

text: attracted

text: to

text: Guam

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: proximity

text: environmental

text: and

text: cultural

text: familiarity

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: it

text: was

text: claimed

text: by

text: some

text: in

text: Guam

text: that

text: the

text: territory

text: has

text: had

text: to

text: bear

text: the

text: brunt

text: of

text: this

text: agreement

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: public

text: assistance

text: programs

text: and

text: public

text: education

text: for

text: those

text: from

text: the

text: regions

text: involved

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: should

text: compensate

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: affected

text: by

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: migration.[citation

text: needed

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: Congress

text: had

text: appropriated

text: Compact

text: Impact

text: aids

text: to

text: Guam

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: and

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: eventually

text: this

text: appropriation

text: was

text: written

text: into

text: each

text: renewed

text: Compact

text: Some

text: however

text: continue

text: to

text: claim

text: the

text: compensation

text: is

text: not

text: enough

text: or

text: that

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: actual

text: compensation

text: received

text: is

text: significantly

text: disproportionate.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?

answer: The Compacts of Free Association

text: The Compacts of Free Association

question: What is the benefit of the  Compacts of Free Association?

answer: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)

text: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)

question: What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association?

answer: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement

text: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement

question: Which Pacific Island is closest to the Republic of the Marshall Islands?

text: Republic of Palau

question: From which Pacific Island nation does Gaum gain the most population?

text: Republic of Palau

question: From which Pacific Island country does Guam gain the least population?

text: Republic of the Marshall Islands

question: The Federated States of Micronesia has more citizens from which Pacific Island nation over any other?

text: Republic of Palau

question: Which Pacific Islands culture is most culturally similar to Guam?

text: Republic of the Marshall Islands


text: There is a sizeable Greek minority of about 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrimination. This effectively ended, though not entirely, the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor. There are smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the Levant and the Black Sea states, remnants of the Old Greek Diaspora (pre-19th century).

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: sizeable

text: Greek

text: minority

text: of

text: about

text: disputed

text: sources

text: claim

text: higher

text: people

text: in

text: Albania

text: The

text: Greek

text: minority

text: of

text: Turkey

text: which

text: numbered

text: upwards

text: of

text: people

text: after

text: the

text: exchange

text: has

text: now

text: dwindled

text: to

text: a

text: few

text: thousand

text: after

text: the

text: Constantinople

text: Pogrom

text: and

text: other

text: state

text: sponsored

text: violence

text: and

text: discrimination

text: This

text: effectively

text: ended

text: though

text: not

text: entirely

text: the

text: three

text: thousand

text: year

text: old

text: presence

text: of

text: Hellenism

text: in

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: There

text: are

text: smaller

text: Greek

text: minorities

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: countries

text: the

text: Levant

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: states

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Greek

text: Diaspora

text: century

question: What other countries boast of a Greek populace ?

answer: 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey

text: 105,000 (disputed, sources claim higher) people, in Albania. The Greek minority of Turkey

question: What acts have caused the population of Greeks to be numbered so few in the country who name is reminiscent of a big American holiday?

answer: 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrimination.

text: 1955 Constantinople Pogrom and other state sponsored violence and discrimination.

question: How long was there a Greek influence represented in "little" Asia ?

answer: the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor

text: the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor

question: Are there any Greek who still live in the area around the dark sea in any majority of numbers?

answer: smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the Levant and the Black Sea states,

text: smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the Levant and the Black Sea states,

question: What other countries don't boast of a Greek populace?

question: What year was the Constantine Progom?

question: What happened in 1956?

text: Constantinople Pogrom

question: How long was there a Greek influence represented in "little" Africa?

text: three-thousand-year-old presence

question: Are there any Greek who still live in the area around the light sea in any majority of numbers?

text: smaller Greek minorities


text: Scotland, meanwhile had remained an independent Kingdom. In 1603, that changed when the King of Scotland inherited the Crown of England, and consequently the Crown of Ireland also. The subsequent 17th century was one of political upheaval, religious division and war. English colonialism in Ireland of the 16th century was extended by large-scale Scottish and English colonies in Ulster. Religious division heightened and the King in England came into conflict with parliament. A prime issue was, inter alia, over his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism. The resulting English Civil War or War of the Three Kingdoms led to a revolutionary republic in England. Ireland, largely Catholic was mainly loyal to the king. Following defeat to the parliaments army, large scale land distributions from loyalist Irish nobility to English commoners in the service of the parliamentary army created the beginnings a new Ascendancy class which over the next hundred years would obliterate the English (Hiberno-Norman) and Gaelic Irish nobility in Ireland. The new ruling class was Protestant and British, whilst the common people were largely Catholic and Irish. This theme would influence Irish politics for centuries to come. When the monarchy was restored in England, the king found it politically impossible to restore all the lands of former land-owners in Ireland. The "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 repeated similar themes: a Catholic king pushing for religious tolerance in opposition to a Protestant parliament in England. The king's army was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne and at the militarily crucial Battle of Aughrim in Ireland. Resistance held out, and a guarantee of religious tolerance was a cornerstone of the Treaty of Limerick. However, in the evolving political climate, the terms of Limerick were superseded, a new monarchy was installed, and the new Irish parliament was packed with the new elite which legislated increasing intolerant Penal Laws, which discommoded both Dissenters and Catholics.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: Scotland

text: meanwhile

text: had

text: remained

text: an

text: independent

text: Kingdom

text: In

text: that

text: changed

text: when

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Scotland

text: inherited

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: consequently

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Ireland

text: also

text: The

text: subsequent

text: century

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: political

text: upheaval

text: religious

text: division

text: and

text: war

text: English

text: colonialism

text: in

text: Ireland

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: extended

text: by

text: large

text: scale

text: Scottish

text: and

text: English

text: colonies

text: in

text: Ulster

text: Religious

text: division

text: heightened

text: and

text: the

text: King

text: in

text: England

text: came

text: into

text: conflict

text: with

text: parliament

text: A

text: prime

text: issue

text: was

text: inter

text: alia

text: over

text: his

text: policy

text: of

text: tolerance

text: towards

text: Catholicism

text: The

text: resulting

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: or

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: republic

text: in

text: England

text: Ireland

text: largely

text: Catholic

text: was

text: mainly

text: loyal

text: to

text: the

text: king

text: Following

text: defeat

text: to

text: the

text: parliaments

text: army

text: large

text: scale

text: land

text: distributions

text: from

text: loyalist

text: Irish

text: nobility

text: to

text: English

text: commoners

text: in

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: army

text: created

text: the

text: beginnings

text: a

text: new

text: Ascendancy

text: class

text: which

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: hundred

text: years

text: would

text: obliterate

text: the

text: English

text: Hiberno

text: Norman

text: and

text: Gaelic

text: Irish

text: nobility

text: in

text: Ireland

text: The

text: new

text: ruling

text: class

text: was

text: Protestant

text: and

text: British

text: whilst

text: the

text: common

text: people

text: were

text: largely

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Irish

text: This

text: theme

text: would

text: influence

text: Irish

text: politics

text: for

text: centuries

text: to

text: come

text: When

text: the

text: monarchy

text: was

text: restored

text: in

text: England

text: the

text: king

text: found

text: it

text: politically

text: impossible

text: to

text: restore

text: all

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: former

text: land

text: owners

text: in

text: Ireland

text: The

text: Glorious

text: Revolution

text: of

text: repeated

text: similar

text: themes

text: a

text: Catholic

text: king

text: pushing

text: for

text: religious

text: tolerance

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: a

text: Protestant

text: parliament

text: in

text: England

text: The

text: king

text: 's

text: army

text: was

text: defeated

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Boyne

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: militarily

text: crucial

text: Battle

text: of

text: Aughrim

text: in

text: Ireland

text: Resistance

text: held

text: out

text: and

text: a

text: guarantee

text: of

text: religious

text: tolerance

text: was

text: a

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Limerick

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: evolving

text: political

text: climate

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: Limerick

text: were

text: superseded

text: a

text: new

text: monarchy

text: was

text: installed

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: Irish

text: parliament

text: was

text: packed

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: elite

text: which

text: legislated

text: increasing

text: intolerant

text: Penal

text: Laws

text: which

text: discommoded

text: both

text: Dissenters

text: and

text: Catholics

question: Which crown did the King of Scotland inherit in 1603?

answer: Crown of England

text: Crown of England

question: What happened to Britain during the 17th century?

answer: political upheaval, religious division and war

text: political upheaval, religious division and war

question: Why did the King of England have issues with parliment in the 17th century?

answer: his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism

text: his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism

question: The English Civil War brought about what change to Britain?

answer: revolutionary republic in England

text: revolutionary republic in England

question: Who where the ruling class after the revolutionary republic was created?

answer: Protestant and British

text: Protestant and British

question: In what year did the Queen of Scotland inherit the Crown of England?

question: The 17th century was full of peace, political upheaval, religious division and what else?

text: war

question: What is another name for the French Civil War?

text: War of the Three Kingdoms

question: The War of the Four Kingdoms is also known as what?

text: English Civil War

question: The English Civil War led to a religious upheaval where?

text: England


text: Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: i

text: mɒnˈtænə/

text: is

text: a

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Spanish

text: word

text: montaña

text: mountain

text: Montana

text: has

text: several

text: nicknames

text: although

text: official

text: including

text: Big

text: Sky

text: Country

text: and

text: The

text: Treasure

text: State

text: and

text: slogans

text: that

text: include

text: Land

text: of

text: the

text: Shining

text: Mountains

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: The

text: Last

text: Best

text: Place

text: Montana

text: is

text: ranked

text: in

text: size

text: but

text: in

text: population

text: and

text: in

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: western

text: third

text: of

text: Montana

text: contains

text: numerous

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: Smaller

text: island

text: ranges

text: are

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: In

text: total

text: named

text: ranges

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

question: What is the states rank in size?

answer: 4th

question: What is its rank in popularion?

answer: 44th

question: How many ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains?

answer: 77

question: Where does the state's name come from?

answer: from the Spanish word montaña

text: from the Spanish word montaña


text: City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi). The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. With more than 500 km (311 mi) of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap bike-sharing scheme named Vélhop'. The CTS, and its predecessors, also operated a previous generation of tram system between 1878 and 1960, complemented by trolleybus routes between 1939 and 1962.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: City

text: transportation

text: in

text: Strasbourg

text: includes

text: the

text: futurist

text: looking

text: Strasbourg

text: tramway

text: that

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: regional

text: transit

text: company

text: Compagnie

text: des

text: Transports

text: Strasbourgeois

text: CTS

text: consisting

text: of

text: lines

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: length

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: The

text: CTS

text: also

text: operates

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: bus

text: network

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: that

text: is

text: integrated

text: with

text: the

text: trams

text: With

text: more

text: than

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: bicycle

text: paths

text: biking

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: convenient

text: and

text: the

text: CTS

text: operates

text: a

text: cheap

text: bike

text: sharing

text: scheme

text: named

text: Vélhop

text: The

text: CTS

text: and

text: its

text: predecessors

text: also

text: operated

text: a

text: previous

text: generation

text: of

text: tram

text: system

text: between

text: and

text: complemented

text: by

text: trolleybus

text: routes

text: between

text: and

question: What year did the Strasbourg tramway open?

answer: 1994

question: Who operates the Strasbourg tramway?

answer: regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois

text: regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois

question: How many lines does the Strasbourg tramway have?

answer: 6

question: What is the length of the Strasbourg tramway in total?

answer: 55.8 km

text: 55.8 km

question: How far do bike paths stretch in Strasbourg?

answer: 500 km

text: 500 km

question: What do the buses look like in Strasbourg?

text: futurist-looking

question: In what year was the Compagnie des Transport Strasbourgeois established?

question: How long is the bus network?

text: 55.8 km

question: How long were the trolleybus routes?

text: 34.7 mi

question: In what year was Velhop established?


text: In Buddhism, Karma (from Sanskrit: "action, work") is the force that drives saṃsāra—the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skillful deeds (Pali: "kusala") and bad, unskillful (Pāli: "akusala") actions produce "seeds" in the mind that come to fruition either in this life or in a subsequent rebirth. The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called sīla. Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetanā), and bring about a consequence or phala "fruit" or vipāka "result".

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: In

text: Buddhism

text: Karma

text: from

text: Sanskrit

text: action

text: work

text: is

text: the

text: force

text: that

text: drives

text: saṃsāra

text: the

text: cycle

text: of

text: suffering

text: and

text: rebirth

text: for

text: each

text: being

text: Good

text: skillful

text: deeds

text: Pali

text: kusala

text: and

text: bad

text: unskillful

text: Pāli

text: akusala

text: actions

text: produce

text: seeds

text: in

text: the

text: mind

text: that

text: come

text: to

text: fruition

text: either

text: in

text: this

text: life

text: or

text: in

text: a

text: subsequent

text: rebirth

text: The

text: avoidance

text: of

text: unwholesome

text: actions

text: and

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: positive

text: actions

text: is

text: called

text: sīla

text: Karma

text: specifically

text: refers

text: to

text: those

text: actions

text: of

text: body

text: speech

text: or

text: mind

text: that

text: spring

text: from

text: mental

text: intent

text: cetanā

text: and

text: bring

text: about

text: a

text: consequence

text: or

text: phala

text: fruit

text: or

text: vipāka

text: result

question: What does the Sanskrit term Karma translate as?

answer: action, work

text: action, work

question: What is karma according to Buddhism?

answer: the force that drives saṃsāra

text: the force that drives saṃsāra

question: What is theavoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions called?

answer: sīla

text: sīla

question: What actions does karma refer to in Buddhism?

answer: actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent

text: actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent

question: What is the definition of Karma from Sanskrit?

answer: action, work

text: action, work

question: What is the avoidance of bad acts called?

answer: sīla

text: sīla

question: Karma's actions come from what?

answer: cetanā

text: cetanā

question: What is the result of Karma called?

answer: vipāka

text: vipāka

question: What is Karma?

answer: the force that drives saṃsāra

text: the force that drives saṃsāra

question: Avoidance of unwholesome actions and use of positive actions is called what?

answer: sīla

text: sīla

question: what does vipaka mean?

answer: result

text: result


text: The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. In the summer of 1895, Marconi began testing his wireless system outdoors on his father's estate near Bologna and soon began to experiment with long wire "aerials". Marconi discovered that by raising the "aerial" wire above the ground and connecting the other side of his transmitter to ground, the transmission range was increased. Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with the wire was simply called l'antenna. Until then wireless radiating transmitting and receiving elements were known simply as aerials or terminals.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: antenna

text: relative

text: to

text: wireless

text: apparatus

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: Italian

text: radio

text: pioneer

text: Guglielmo

text: Marconi

text: In

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: Marconi

text: began

text: testing

text: his

text: wireless

text: system

text: outdoors

text: on

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: estate

text: near

text: Bologna

text: and

text: soon

text: began

text: to

text: experiment

text: with

text: long

text: wire

text: aerials

text: Marconi

text: discovered

text: that

text: by

text: raising

text: the

text: aerial

text: wire

text: above

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: connecting

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: of

text: his

text: transmitter

text: to

text: ground

text: the

text: transmission

text: range

text: was

text: increased

text: Soon

text: he

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: transmit

text: signals

text: over

text: a

text: hill

text: a

text: distance

text: of

text: approximately

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: In

text: Italian

text: a

text: tent

text: pole

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: l'antenna

text: centrale

text: and

text: the

text: pole

text: with

text: the

text: wire

text: was

text: simply

text: called

text: l'antenna

text: Until

text: then

text: wireless

text: radiating

text: transmitting

text: and

text: receiving

text: elements

text: were

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: aerials

text: or

text: terminals

question: Who is most associated with the emergence of the word antenna?

answer: Guglielmo Marconi

text: Guglielmo Marconi

question: When did experimentation with electromagnetic waves begin?

answer: 1895

question: What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission?

answer: raising the "aerial" wire

text: raising the "aerial" wire

question: How far was Marconi able to get his signal to go using this technique?

answer: 1.5 mi

text: 1.5 mi


text: Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. Therefore, potential risks of side-effects and effectiveness depend on the type of antibiotic administered. Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: Interactions

text: between

text: alcohol

text: and

text: certain

text: antibiotics

text: may

text: occur

text: and

text: may

text: cause

text: side

text: effects

text: and

text: decreased

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: therapy

text: While

text: moderate

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: is

text: unlikely

text: to

text: interfere

text: with

text: many

text: common

text: antibiotics

text: there

text: are

text: specific

text: types

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: with

text: which

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: may

text: cause

text: serious

text: side

text: effects

text: Therefore

text: potential

text: risks

text: of

text: side

text: effects

text: and

text: effectiveness

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: antibiotic

text: administered

text: Despite

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: categorical

text: counterindication

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: alcohol

text: and

text: antibiotics

text: should

text: never

text: be

text: mixed

text: is

text: widespread

question: What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics?

answer: decreased effectiveness

text: decreased effectiveness

question: Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol?

answer: moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics

text: moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics

question: Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic?

answer: there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

text: there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

question: How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed?

answer: widespread

text: widespread

question: What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause?

answer: decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

text: decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

question: What is unlikely to interfere with  with many common antibiotics?

answer: alcohol consumption

text: alcohol consumption

question: What belief should bever be mixed widespread?

answer: alcohol and antibiotics

text: alcohol and antibiotics

question: What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol?

answer: specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

text: specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects

question: Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics?

answer: alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed

text: alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed

question: What is one potential issue with drinking alcohols while in therapy?

text: decreased effectiveness

question: Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with conterindication?

question: Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any risks?

question: What is unlikely to interfere with many common side-effects?

text: alcohol consumption

question: What common drug can reduce interactions?

text: alcohol


text: The Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah, the de facto ruler of the Bengal province, opposed British attempts to use these permits. This led to the Battle of Plassey on 23 June 1757, in which the Bengal Army of the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, defeated the French-supported Nawab's forces. This was the first real political foothold with territorial implications that the British acquired in India. Clive was appointed by the company as its first 'Governor of Bengal' in 1757. This was combined with British victories over the French at Madras, Wandiwash and Pondichéry that, along with wider British successes during the Seven Years' War, reduced French influence in India. The British East India Company extended its control over the whole of Bengal. After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the company acquired the rights of administration in Bengal from de jure Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II; this marked the beginning of its formal rule, which within the next century engulfed most of India. The East India Company monopolized the trade of Bengal. They introduced a land taxation system called the Permanent Settlement which introduced a feudal-like structure in Bengal, often with zamindars set in place.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Nawab

text: of

text: Bengal

text: Siraj

text: Ud

text: Daulah

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Bengal

text: province

text: opposed

text: British

text: attempts

text: to

text: use

text: these

text: permits

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Plassey

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Bengal

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Clive

text: defeated

text: the

text: French

text: supported

text: Nawab

text: 's

text: forces

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: real

text: political

text: foothold

text: with

text: territorial

text: implications

text: that

text: the

text: British

text: acquired

text: in

text: India

text: Clive

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: company

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: Governor

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: combined

text: with

text: British

text: victories

text: over

text: the

text: French

text: at

text: Madras

text: Wandiwash

text: and

text: Pondichéry

text: that

text: along

text: with

text: wider

text: British

text: successes

text: during

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: reduced

text: French

text: influence

text: in

text: India

text: The

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: extended

text: its

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Bengal

text: After

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Buxar

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: acquired

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: administration

text: in

text: Bengal

text: from

text: de

text: jure

text: Mughal

text: Emperor

text: Shah

text: Alam

text: II

text: this

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: its

text: formal

text: rule

text: which

text: within

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: engulfed

text: most

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: monopolized

text: the

text: trade

text: of

text: Bengal

text: They

text: introduced

text: a

text: land

text: taxation

text: system

text: called

text: the

text: Permanent

text: Settlement

text: which

text: introduced

text: a

text: feudal

text: like

text: structure

text: in

text: Bengal

text: often

text: with

text: zamindars

text: set

text: in

text: place

question: What ruler opposed the British use of permits and ended up at war?

answer: Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah

text: Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah

question: What British company was heavily involved in the defeat of the Nawab's forces?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company

question: Who did the East India Company appoint as Governor of Bengal?

answer: Robert Clive

text: Robert Clive

question: What type of land taxation system did the East India Company instigate in Bengal?

answer: feudal

text: feudal

question: How did the East India Company handle trade in Bengal?

answer: monopolized

text: monopolized


text: In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: In

text: the

text: lush

text: jazz

text: R&B

text: fusion

text: George

text: Benson

text: Patti

text: Austin

text: Al

text: Jarreau

text: and

text: stylish

text: crossover

text: R&B

text: Anita

text: Baker

text: and

text: Luther

text: Vandross

text: New

text: Edition

text: and

text: Keith

text: Sweat

text: were

text: equally

text: successful

text: within

text: the

text: mainstream

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: decade

text: artists

text: as

text: sonically

text: contrasting

text: as

text: R.

text: Kelly

text: Leona

text: Lewis

text: mainly

text: ballads

text: and

text: Jill

text: Scott

text: both

text: fit

text: the

text: bill

text: provided

text: the

text: audience

text: for

text: the

text: material

text: was

text: mature

text: By

text: riding

text: and

text: contributing

text: to

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: trends

text: no

text: one

text: has

text: exemplified

text: the

text: style

text: more

text: than

text: Babyface

text: whose

text: career

text: thrived

text: over

text: years

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Deele

text: Two

text: Occasions

text: a

text: solo

text: artist

text: Whip

text: Appeal

text: When

text: Can

text: I

text: See

text: You

text: and

text: a

text: songwriter

text: producer

text: Toni

text: Braxton

text: 's

text: Breathe

text: Again

text: Boyz

text: II

text: Men

text: 's

text: I

text: 'll

text: Make

text: Love

text: to

text: You

question: What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?

answer: jazz-R&B fusion

text: jazz-R&B fusion

question: Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?

answer: crossover R&B

text: crossover R&B

question: During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful?

answer: 1980s

question: What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?

answer: ballads

text: ballads

question: Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?

answer: Babyface

text: Babyface