text: GE's history of working with turbines in the power-generation field gave them the engineering know-how to move into the new field of aircraft turbosuperchargers.[citation needed] Led by Sanford Alexander Moss, GE introduced the first superchargers during World War I, and continued to develop them during the Interwar period. Superchargers became indispensable in the years immediately prior to World War II, and GE was the world leader in exhaust-driven supercharging when the war started. This experience, in turn, made GE a natural selection to develop the Whittle W.1 jet engine that was demonstrated in the United States in 1941. GE ranked ninth among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. Although their early work with Whittle's designs was later handed to Allison Engine Company, GE Aviation emerged as one of the world's largest engine manufacturers, second only to the British company, Rolls-Royce plc.

title: General_Electric

title: General_Electric

text: GE

text: 's

text: history

text: of

text: working

text: with

text: turbines

text: in

text: the

text: power

text: generation

text: field

text: gave

text: them

text: the

text: engineering

text: know

text: how

text: to

text: move

text: into

text: the

text: new

text: field

text: of

text: aircraft

text: turbosuperchargers.[citation

text: needed

text: Led

text: by

text: Sanford

text: Alexander

text: Moss

text: GE

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: superchargers

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: develop

text: them

text: during

text: the

text: Interwar

text: period

text: Superchargers

text: became

text: indispensable

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: immediately

text: prior

text: to

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: GE

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: leader

text: in

text: exhaust

text: driven

text: supercharging

text: when

text: the

text: war

text: started

text: This

text: experience

text: in

text: turn

text: made

text: GE

text: a

text: natural

text: selection

text: to

text: develop

text: the

text: Whittle

text: jet

text: engine

text: that

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: GE

text: ranked

text: ninth

text: among

text: United

text: States

text: corporations

text: in

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: wartime

text: production

text: contracts

text: Although

text: their

text: early

text: work

text: with

text: Whittle

text: 's

text: designs

text: was

text: later

text: handed

text: to

text: Allison

text: Engine

text: Company

text: GE

text: Aviation

text: emerged

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: engine

text: manufacturers

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: company

text: Rolls

text: Royce

text: plc

question: Who led GE's effort to build the first turbosupercharges during World War I?

answer: Sanford Alexander Moss

text: Sanford Alexander Moss

question: Which jet engine did GE introduce in 1941?

answer: Whittle W.1

text: Whittle W.1

question: What was GE's rank among US corporations in the value of wartime production contracts during World War II?

answer: ninth

text: ninth

question: To which company did GE hand off their work on Whittle's jet engines?

answer: Allison Engine Company

text: Allison Engine Company

question: Which company is ranked as the largest engine manufacturer in the world?

answer: Rolls-Royce plc

text: Rolls-Royce plc

question: In what year was Sanford Alexander Moss born?

question: In what year did World War II start?

question: In what year was GE Aviation founded?

question: In what year was the first superchargers introduced?

question: What engines did Rolls-Royce plc. build?

text: Whittle W.1 jet engine


text: Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant. The mountains from where these rivers originate are in the elevation range of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft), and have passes which provide access to and from Kathmandu and its valley. An ancient canal once flowed from Nagarjuna hill through Balaju to Kathmandu; this canal is now extinct.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: dissected

text: by

text: eight

text: rivers

text: the

text: main

text: river

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: the

text: Bagmati

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: Bishnumati

text: Dhobi

text: Khola

text: Manohara

text: Khola

text: Hanumant

text: Khola

text: and

text: Tukucha

text: Khola

text: are

text: predominant

text: The

text: mountains

text: from

text: where

text: these

text: rivers

text: originate

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: elevation

text: range

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: and

text: have

text: passes

text: which

text: provide

text: access

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: Kathmandu

text: and

text: its

text: valley

text: An

text: ancient

text: canal

text: once

text: flowed

text: from

text: Nagarjuna

text: hill

text: through

text: Balaju

text: to

text: Kathmandu

text: this

text: canal

text: is

text: now

text: extinct

question: How many rivers travel through Kathmandu?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: Where did the canal that once terminated in Kathmandu originate?

answer: Nagarjuna hill

text: Nagarjuna hill

question: How many feet high are the mountains from which the Bagmati flows?

answer: 4,900–9,800


text: The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990, when the University acquired the property and adjacent parking and began a series of renovations. Today, the basement level houses the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space. The ground level still remains a retail space. The upper floors house consolidated capital gifts, portions of alumni and development, and information systems offices from across the Danforth and Medical School campuses. There is also a music rehearsal room on the second floor. The West Campus is also home to the Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT), which provides IT training services.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: The

text: West

text: Campus

text: is

text: located

text: about

text: one

text: mile

text: km

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Danforth

text: Campus

text: in

text: Clayton

text: Missouri

text: and

text: primarily

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: four

text: story

text: former

text: department

text: store

text: building

text: housing

text: mostly

text: administrative

text: space

text: The

text: West

text: Campus

text: building

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Clayton

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Famous

text: Barr

text: department

text: store

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: University

text: acquired

text: the

text: property

text: and

text: adjacent

text: parking

text: and

text: began

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: renovations

text: Today

text: the

text: basement

text: level

text: houses

text: the

text: West

text: Campus

text: Library

text: the

text: University

text: Archives

text: the

text: Modern

text: Graphic

text: History

text: Library

text: and

text: conference

text: space

text: The

text: ground

text: level

text: still

text: remains

text: a

text: retail

text: space

text: The

text: upper

text: floors

text: house

text: consolidated

text: capital

text: gifts

text: portions

text: of

text: alumni

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: information

text: systems

text: offices

text: from

text: across

text: the

text: Danforth

text: and

text: Medical

text: School

text: campuses

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: music

text: rehearsal

text: room

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: floor

text: The

text: West

text: Campus

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Application

text: of

text: Information

text: Technologies

text: CAIT

text: which

text: provides

text: IT

text: training

text: services

question: Where is the West Campus of Washington University located?

answer: Clayton, Missouri

text: Clayton, Missouri

question: What was previously located at the West Campus of Washington University?

answer: the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store

text: the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store

question: When did the university acquire the property for the West Campus?

answer: 1990

question: What is located in the basement level of the West Campus?

answer: the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space

text: the West Campus Library, the University Archives, the Modern Graphic History Library, and conference space

question: What department located at the West Campus provides IT services?

answer: Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)

text: Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)

question: On what floor are the information system offices?

text: second floor

question: In what city is the Danforth Campus?

text: Clayton, Missouri

question: In what year did the Famous-Barr department store but a location in Clayton, Missouri?

question: On what floor is capital gifts?

text: second floor

question: On what floor is portions of alumni and development?

text: second floor


text: The Japanese responded to the Allied attacks by launching an offensive of their own into India in the middle of March, across the mountainous and densely forested frontier. This attack, codenamed Operation U-Go, was advocated by Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi, the recently promoted commander of the Japanese Fifteenth Army; Imperial General Headquarters permitted it to proceed, despite misgivings at several intervening headquarters. Although several units of the British Fourteenth Army had to fight their way out of encirclement, by early April they had concentrated around Imphal in Manipur state. A Japanese division which had advanced to Kohima in Nagaland cut the main road to Imphal, but failed to capture the whole of the defences at Kohima. During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations drove the Japanese from the positions they had captured at Kohima.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: Japanese

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: Allied

text: attacks

text: by

text: launching

text: an

text: offensive

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: into

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: March

text: across

text: the

text: mountainous

text: and

text: densely

text: forested

text: frontier

text: This

text: attack

text: codenamed

text: Operation

text: U

text: Go

text: was

text: advocated

text: by

text: Lieutenant

text: General

text: Renya

text: Mutaguchi

text: the

text: recently

text: promoted

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Fifteenth

text: Army

text: Imperial

text: General

text: Headquarters

text: permitted

text: it

text: to

text: proceed

text: despite

text: misgivings

text: at

text: several

text: intervening

text: headquarters

text: Although

text: several

text: units

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Fourteenth

text: Army

text: had

text: to

text: fight

text: their

text: way

text: out

text: of

text: encirclement

text: by

text: early

text: April

text: they

text: had

text: concentrated

text: around

text: Imphal

text: in

text: Manipur

text: state

text: A

text: Japanese

text: division

text: which

text: had

text: advanced

text: to

text: Kohima

text: in

text: Nagaland

text: cut

text: the

text: main

text: road

text: to

text: Imphal

text: but

text: failed

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: defences

text: at

text: Kohima

text: During

text: April

text: the

text: Japanese

text: attacks

text: against

text: Imphal

text: failed

text: while

text: fresh

text: Allied

text: formations

text: drove

text: the

text: Japanese

text: from

text: the

text: positions

text: they

text: had

text: captured

text: at

text: Kohima

question: What month did the Japanese launch an offensive into India?

answer: March

text: March

question: Who commanded the Japanese Fifteenth Army in Operation U-Go?

answer: Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi

text: Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi

question: Where had the Japanese advanced to?

answer: Kohima in Nagaland

text: Kohima in Nagaland

question: What did the Japanese cut?

answer: main road to Imphal

text: main road to Imphal

question: What had the Japanese failed to capture?

answer: defences at Kohima

text: defences at Kohima


text: The popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God. The moon is under her feet and a halo of twelve stars surround her head, possibly a reference to "a woman clothed with the sun" from Revelation 12:1-2. Additional imagery may include clouds, a golden light, and cherubs. In some paintings the cherubim are holding lilies and roses, flowers often associated with Mary.

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: The

text: popularity

text: of

text: this

text: particular

text: representation

text: of

text: The

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: spread

text: across

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: has

text: since

text: remained

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: artistic

text: depiction

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: in

text: a

text: heavenly

text: realm

text: moments

text: after

text: her

text: creation

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: Mary

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: young

text: woman

text: looks

text: up

text: in

text: awe

text: at

text: or

text: bows

text: her

text: head

text: to

text: God

text: The

text: moon

text: is

text: under

text: her

text: feet

text: and

text: a

text: halo

text: of

text: twelve

text: stars

text: surround

text: her

text: head

text: possibly

text: a

text: reference

text: to

text: a

text: woman

text: clothed

text: with

text: the

text: sun

text: from

text: Revelation

text: Additional

text: imagery

text: may

text: include

text: clouds

text: a

text: golden

text: light

text: and

text: cherubs

text: In

text: some

text: paintings

text: the

text: cherubim

text: are

text: holding

text: lilies

text: and

text: roses

text: flowers

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: Mary

question: What became very popular symbol among the who believed Mary had a Virgin for a mother ?

answer: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God

text: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God

question: What does Mary stand upon in this symbol?

answer: moon is under her feet

text: moon is under her feet

question: What does Mary where atop her hair that twinkles in the symbol ?

answer: a halo of twelve stars surround her head

text: a halo of twelve stars surround her head

question: What else can be found in the symbol with Mary that may vary in different versions ?

answer: clouds, a golden light, and cherubs. In some paintings the cherubim are holding lilies and roses, flowers often associated with Mary.

text: clouds, a golden light, and cherubs. In some paintings the cherubim are holding lilies and roses, flowers often associated with Mary.

question: What spread across Europe and the Near East?

question: What type of flowers does Mary hold in her hands?

text: lilies and roses

question: What is under the feet of the Cherubs?

text: The moon

question: Where is Mary depicted before her creation?

text: in a heavenly realm


text: The most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belonging to Chernihiv.[citation needed] Three of Yaroslav's sons that first allied together found themselves fighting each other especially after their defeat to the Cuman forces in 1068 at the Battle of the Alta River. At the same time an uprising took place in Kiev, bringing to power Vseslav of Polotsk who supported the traditional Slavic paganism.[citation needed] The ruling Grand Prince Iziaslav fled to Poland asking for support and in couple of years returned to establish the order.[citation needed] The affairs became even more complicated by the end of the 11th century driving the state into chaos and constant warfare. On the initiative of Vladimir II Monomakh in 1097 the first federal council of Kievan Rus took place near Chernihiv]in the city of Liubech with the main intention to find an understanding among the fighting sides. However even though that did not really stop the fighting, it certainly cooled things off.[citation needed]

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: The

text: most

text: prominent

text: struggle

text: for

text: power

text: was

text: the

text: conflict

text: that

text: erupted

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Yaroslav

text: the

text: Wise

text: The

text: rivaling

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: was

text: contesting

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Prince

text: by

text: occupying

text: Novgorod

text: while

text: Rostislav

text: Vladimirovich

text: was

text: fighting

text: for

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: port

text: of

text: Tmutarakan

text: belonging

text: to

text: Chernihiv.[citation

text: needed

text: Three

text: of

text: Yaroslav

text: 's

text: sons

text: that

text: first

text: allied

text: together

text: found

text: themselves

text: fighting

text: each

text: other

text: especially

text: after

text: their

text: defeat

text: to

text: the

text: Cuman

text: forces

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Alta

text: River

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: an

text: uprising

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: Kiev

text: bringing

text: to

text: power

text: Vseslav

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: who

text: supported

text: the

text: traditional

text: Slavic

text: paganism.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: ruling

text: Grand

text: Prince

text: Iziaslav

text: fled

text: to

text: Poland

text: asking

text: for

text: support

text: and

text: in

text: couple

text: of

text: years

text: returned

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: order.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: affairs

text: became

text: even

text: more

text: complicated

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: driving

text: the

text: state

text: into

text: chaos

text: and

text: constant

text: warfare

text: On

text: the

text: initiative

text: of

text: Vladimir

text: II

text: Monomakh

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: federal

text: council

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: took

text: place

text: near

text: Chernihiv]in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Liubech

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: intention

text: to

text: find

text: an

text: understanding

text: among

text: the

text: fighting

text: sides

text: However

text: even

text: though

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: really

text: stop

text: the

text: fighting

text: it

text: certainly

text: cooled

text: things

text: off.[citation

text: needed

question: What immediately occurred after Yarsolav the Wise past away?

answer: conflict

text: conflict

question: Who was fighting for Tmutarakan following Yarsolav's death?

answer: Rostislav Vladimirovich

text: Rostislav Vladimirovich

question: What country did the fleeing Grand Prince run off to?

answer: Poland

text: Poland

question: Where did the first federal council of Rus take place in 1097?

answer: city of Liubech

text: city of Liubech

question: What did not cause a conflict of power?

text: the death of Yaroslav the Wise

question: Who did not contest the power of the Grand Prince?

text: Principality of Polotsk

question: What country did the Grand Prince avoid?

text: Poland

question: What year did the Grand Prince return to establish order?


text: In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto rule over Tibet.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: In

text: the

text: Sakya

text: viceregal

text: regime

text: installed

text: by

text: the

text: Mongols

text: in

text: Tibet

text: was

text: overthrown

text: in

text: a

text: rebellion

text: by

text: the

text: Phagmodru

text: myriarch

text: Tai

text: Situ

text: Changchub

text: Gyaltsen

text: The

text: Mongol

text: Yuan

text: court

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: accept

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: viceroy

text: and

text: Changchub

text: Gyaltsen

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: the

text: Phagmodrupa

text: Dynasty

text: gained

text: de

text: facto

text: rule

text: over

text: Tibet

question: What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated?

answer: 1358

question: Who placed the Sakya viceregal regime position of authority?

answer: the Mongols in Tibet

text: the Mongols in Tibet

question: Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime?

answer: the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen

text: the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen

question: Which dynasty became ruler of Tibet?

answer: the Phagmodrupa Dynasty

text: the Phagmodrupa Dynasty


text: Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer cart, invented during Han, measured journey lengths, using mechanical figures banging drums and gongs to indicate each distance traveled. This invention is depicted in Han artwork by the 2nd century AD, yet detailed written descriptions were not offered until the 3rd century AD. Modern archaeologists have also unearthed specimens of devices used during the Han dynasty, for example a pair of sliding metal calipers used by craftsmen for making minute measurements. These calipers contain inscriptions of the exact day and year they were manufactured. These tools are not mentioned in any Han literary sources.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Modern

text: archaeology

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: Han

text: artwork

text: portraying

text: inventions

text: which

text: were

text: otherwise

text: absent

text: in

text: Han

text: literary

text: sources

text: As

text: observed

text: in

text: Han

text: miniature

text: tomb

text: models

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: literary

text: sources

text: the

text: crank

text: handle

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: operate

text: the

text: fans

text: of

text: winnowing

text: machines

text: that

text: separated

text: grain

text: from

text: chaff

text: The

text: odometer

text: cart

text: invented

text: during

text: Han

text: measured

text: journey

text: lengths

text: using

text: mechanical

text: figures

text: banging

text: drums

text: and

text: gongs

text: to

text: indicate

text: each

text: distance

text: traveled

text: This

text: invention

text: is

text: depicted

text: in

text: Han

text: artwork

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: yet

text: detailed

text: written

text: descriptions

text: were

text: not

text: offered

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: Modern

text: archaeologists

text: have

text: also

text: unearthed

text: specimens

text: of

text: devices

text: used

text: during

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: sliding

text: metal

text: calipers

text: used

text: by

text: craftsmen

text: for

text: making

text: minute

text: measurements

text: These

text: calipers

text: contain

text: inscriptions

text: of

text: the

text: exact

text: day

text: and

text: year

text: they

text: were

text: manufactured

text: These

text: tools

text: are

text: not

text: mentioned

text: in

text: any

text: Han

text: literary

text: sources

question: During which period was the odometer cart first created?

answer: Han

text: Han

question: What item was used to make very small measurements during this era?

answer: sliding metal calipers

text: sliding metal calipers

question: What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era?

answer: artwork

text: artwork

question: What was used to separate parts of grain?

answer: winnowing machines

text: winnowing machines

question: What use did the odometer cart provide?

answer: measured journey lengths

text: measured journey lengths


text: Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity. The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered. According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes", which are not strictly related to a change of ruling powers.[note 1]

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Romila

text: Thapar

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: division

text: into

text: Hindu

text: Muslim

text: British

text: periods

text: of

text: Indian

text: history

text: gives

text: too

text: much

text: weight

text: to

text: ruling

text: dynasties

text: and

text: foreign

text: invasions

text: neglecting

text: the

text: social

text: economic

text: history

text: which

text: often

text: showed

text: a

text: strong

text: continuity

text: The

text: division

text: into

text: Ancient

text: Medieval

text: Modern

text: periods

text: overlooks

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Muslim

text: conquests

text: occurred

text: gradually

text: during

text: which

text: time

text: many

text: things

text: came

text: and

text: went

text: off

text: while

text: the

text: south

text: was

text: never

text: completely

text: conquered

text: According

text: to

text: Thapar

text: a

text: periodisation

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: significant

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: changes

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: strictly

text: related

text: to

text: a

text: change

text: of

text: ruling

text: powers.[note

question: Who remarked Indian history is too devoted to the ranking of dynasties and invasions?

answer: Romila Thapar

text: Romila Thapar

question: What type of history period is often neglected in Indian histories?

answer: social-economic

text: social-economic

question: What facet of social and economic conditions are displayed by Indian history?

answer: strong continuity

text: strong continuity

question: What type of conquests were gradual in nature?

answer: Muslim conquests

text: Muslim conquests

question: What part of India was never completely conquered?

answer: south

text: south


text: Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest medical university in the state, and the sixth-oldest continually operating school of medicine in the United States. The downtown medical district is experiencing rapid growth of biotechnology and medical research industries coupled with substantial expansions of all the major hospitals. Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital. The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Charleston

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: medical

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: several

text: major

text: hospitals

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: Medical

text: University

text: of

text: South

text: Carolina

text: Medical

text: Center

text: MUSC

text: Ralph

text: H.

text: Johnson

text: VA

text: Medical

text: Center

text: and

text: Roper

text: Hospital

text: MUSC

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: first

text: school

text: of

text: medicine

text: the

text: largest

text: medical

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: oldest

text: continually

text: operating

text: school

text: of

text: medicine

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: downtown

text: medical

text: district

text: is

text: experiencing

text: rapid

text: growth

text: of

text: biotechnology

text: and

text: medical

text: research

text: industries

text: coupled

text: with

text: substantial

text: expansions

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: major

text: hospitals

text: Additionally

text: more

text: expansions

text: are

text: planned

text: or

text: underway

text: at

text: another

text: major

text: hospital

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Ashley

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Bon

text: Secours

text: St

text: Francis

text: Xavier

text: Hospital

text: The

text: Trident

text: Regional

text: Medical

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: North

text: Charleston

text: and

text: East

text: Cooper

text: Regional

text: Medical

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: Mount

text: Pleasant

text: also

text: serve

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Charleston

question: What is the state's first school of medicine?

answer: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center

text: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center

question: Where is East Cooper Regional Medical Center?

answer: Mount Pleasant

text: Mount Pleasant

question: Where is the Trident Regional Medical Center is located?

answer: City of North Charleston

text: City of North Charleston

question: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital is located at what portion of the city?

answer: West Ashley portion

text: West Ashley portion

question: What medical district is experiencing growth in biotechnology and medical research field?

answer: The downtown medical district

text: The downtown medical district

question: What is the state's last school of medicine?

question: Where is West Cooper Regional Medical Center?

text: Mount Pleasant

question: Where isn't the Trident Regional Medical Center located?

text: City of North Charleston

question: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital isn't located at what portion of the city?

text: West Ashley portion

question: What medical district is experiencing decline in biotechnology and medical research field?

text: The downtown medical district


text: Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics, and phonology to theoretical linguistics, although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence. Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century. Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such as psycholinguistics and speech perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory phonology or laboratory phonology.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: Phonology

text: is

text: often

text: distinguished

text: from

text: phonetics

text: While

text: phonetics

text: concerns

text: the

text: physical

text: production

text: acoustic

text: transmission

text: and

text: perception

text: of

text: the

text: sounds

text: of

text: speech

text: phonology

text: describes

text: the

text: way

text: sounds

text: function

text: within

text: a

text: given

text: language

text: or

text: across

text: languages

text: to

text: encode

text: meaning

text: For

text: many

text: linguists

text: phonetics

text: belongs

text: to

text: descriptive

text: linguistics

text: and

text: phonology

text: to

text: theoretical

text: linguistics

text: although

text: establishing

text: the

text: phonological

text: system

text: of

text: a

text: language

text: is

text: necessarily

text: an

text: application

text: of

text: theoretical

text: principles

text: to

text: analysis

text: of

text: phonetic

text: evidence

text: Note

text: that

text: this

text: distinction

text: was

text: not

text: always

text: made

text: particularly

text: before

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: phoneme

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: Some

text: subfields

text: of

text: modern

text: phonology

text: have

text: a

text: crossover

text: with

text: phonetics

text: in

text: descriptive

text: disciplines

text: such

text: as

text: psycholinguistics

text: and

text: speech

text: perception

text: resulting

text: in

text: specific

text: areas

text: like

text: articulatory

text: phonology

text: or

text: laboratory

text: phonology

question: What branch of linguistics is phonology distinguished from?

answer: phonetics

text: phonetics

question: What kind of linguistics is phonetics considered to be a part of?

answer: descriptive

text: descriptive

question: Phonology is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline?

answer: linguistics

text: linguistics

question: When was the phonome's modern concept developed?

answer: mid 20th century

text: mid 20th century

question: What subfield of modern phonology other than phsycholinguistics crosses over with phonetics?

answer: speech perception

text: speech perception

question: What branch of linguistics is laboratory distinguished from?

text: phonetics

question: What kind of linguistics is laboratory considered to be a part of?

text: descriptive

question: Laboratory is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline?

text: linguistics

question: When was the laboratory's modern concept developed?

text: mid 20th century

question: What subfield of modern phonology other than phsycholinguistics crosses over with laboratory?

text: speech perception


text: Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: tombstone

text: featuring

text: the

text: muse

text: of

text: music

text: Euterpe

text: weeping

text: over

text: a

text: broken

text: lyre

text: was

text: designed

text: and

text: sculpted

text: by

text: Clésinger

text: The

text: expenses

text: of

text: the

text: funeral

text: and

text: monument

text: amounting

text: to

text: francs

text: were

text: covered

text: by

text: Jane

text: Stirling

text: who

text: also

text: paid

text: for

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: composer

text: 's

text: sister

text: Ludwika

text: to

text: Warsaw

text: Ludwika

text: took

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: heart

text: in

text: an

text: urn

text: preserved

text: in

text: alcohol

text: back

text: to

text: Poland

text: in

text: She

text: also

text: took

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: two

text: hundred

text: letters

text: from

text: Sand

text: to

text: Chopin

text: after

text: these

text: were

text: returned

text: to

text: Sand

text: who

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: destroyed

text: them

question: Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone?

answer: Clésinger

text: Clésinger

question: What is the name of the muse carved on Chopin's tombstone?

answer: Euterpe

text: Euterpe

question: How much did Chopin's funeral cost?

answer: 5,000 francs

text: 5,000 francs

question: Who paid for Chopin's funeral?

answer: Jane Stirling

text: Jane Stirling

question: Chopin's sister Ludwika took his heart back to Warsaw preserved in what?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: Who designed Chopin's tombstone?

answer: Clésinger.

text: Clésinger.

question: How much did Chopin's funeral and monument cost?

answer: 5,000 francs

text: 5,000 francs

question: Who paid for Chopin's funeral?

answer: Jane Stirling

text: Jane Stirling

question: Who took Chopin's heart to Poland?

answer: sister

text: sister

question: Who ended up with the 200 letters from Sand to Chopin?

answer: Sand

text: Sand


text: Ongoing political tensions between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the British placed the province of Massachusetts under martial law after the Patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as Englishmen. When shooting began at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, militia units from across New England rushed to Boston and bottled up the British in the city. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created Continental Army, which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia. He drove the British out of Boston but in late summer 1776 they returned to New York and nearly captured Washington's army. Meanwhile, the revolutionaries expelled British officials from the 13 states, and declared themselves an independent nation on July 4, 1776.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: Ongoing

text: political

text: tensions

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: thirteen

text: colonies

text: reached

text: a

text: crisis

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: British

text: placed

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: under

text: martial

text: law

text: after

text: the

text: Patriots

text: protested

text: taxes

text: they

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: their

text: constitutional

text: rights

text: as

text: Englishmen

text: When

text: shooting

text: began

text: at

text: Lexington

text: and

text: Concord

text: in

text: April

text: militia

text: units

text: from

text: across

text: New

text: England

text: rushed

text: to

text: Boston

text: and

text: bottled

text: up

text: the

text: British

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: appointed

text: George

text: Washington

text: as

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: created

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: augmented

text: throughout

text: the

text: war

text: by

text: colonial

text: militia

text: He

text: drove

text: the

text: British

text: out

text: of

text: Boston

text: but

text: in

text: late

text: summer

text: they

text: returned

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: nearly

text: captured

text: Washington

text: 's

text: army

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: revolutionaries

text: expelled

text: British

text: officials

text: from

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: declared

text: themselves

text: an

text: independent

text: nation

text: on

text: July

question: When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony?

answer: 1774

question: What colony was placed under martial law?

answer: Massachusetts

text: Massachusetts

question: What were the first conflicts of the American Revolution?

answer: Lexington and Concord

text: Lexington and Concord

question: Who appointed Washington to serve as commander in chief?

answer: The Continental Congress

text: The Continental Congress

question: When did the colonies declare independence?

answer: July 4, 1776

text: July 4, 1776

question: When did Britain declare martial law in a South American colony?

question: What colony wasn't placed under martial law?

text: Massachusetts

question: What were the second conflicts of the American Revolution?

text: Lexington and Concord

question: Who rejected Washington to serve as commander in chief?

text: Continental Congress

question: When did the colonies declare dependence?

text: July 4, 1776


text: For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associations for facial expressions through media. Another classic study found that when participants contorted their facial muscles into distinct facial expressions (e.g. disgust), they reported subjective and physiological experiences that matched the distinct facial expressions. His research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: For

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: Paul

text: Ekman

text: has

text: supported

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: emotions

text: are

text: discrete

text: measurable

text: and

text: physiologically

text: distinct

text: Ekman

text: 's

text: most

text: influential

text: work

text: revolved

text: around

text: the

text: finding

text: that

text: certain

text: emotions

text: appeared

text: to

text: be

text: universally

text: recognized

text: even

text: in

text: cultures

text: that

text: were

text: preliterate

text: and

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: learned

text: associations

text: for

text: facial

text: expressions

text: through

text: media

text: Another

text: classic

text: study

text: found

text: that

text: when

text: participants

text: contorted

text: their

text: facial

text: muscles

text: into

text: distinct

text: facial

text: expressions

text: e.g.

text: disgust

text: they

text: reported

text: subjective

text: and

text: physiological

text: experiences

text: that

text: matched

text: the

text: distinct

text: facial

text: expressions

text: His

text: research

text: findings

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: classify

text: six

text: emotions

text: as

text: basic

text: anger

text: disgust

text: fear

text: happiness

text: sadness

text: and

text: surprise

question: Who has argued that emotions are discrete?

answer: Paul Ekman

text: Paul Ekman

question: How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?

answer: six

text: six

question: Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?

answer: surprise

text: surprise

question: Who has agreed that emotions are discrete?

text: Paul Ekman

question: How many non-basic emotions did Ekman recognize?

text: six

question: Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what isn't one of Ekman's basic emotions?

text: surprise


text: From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: From

text: roughly

text: to

text: BC

text: Han

text: forces

text: fought

text: the

text: Xiongnu

text: over

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: oasis

text: city

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: Tarim

text: Basin

text: Han

text: was

text: eventually

text: victorious

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Protectorate

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Regions

text: in

text: BC

text: which

text: dealt

text: with

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: defense

text: and

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: The

text: Han

text: also

text: expanded

text: southward

text: The

text: naval

text: conquest

text: of

text: Nanyue

text: in

text: BC

text: expanded

text: the

text: Han

text: realm

text: into

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: modern

text: Guangdong

text: Guangxi

text: and

text: northern

text: Vietnam

text: Yunnan

text: was

text: brought

text: into

text: the

text: Han

text: realm

text: with

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: the

text: Dian

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: BC

text: followed

text: by

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: with

text: the

text: colonial

text: establishments

text: of

text: Xuantu

text: Commandery

text: and

text: Lelang

text: Commandery

text: in

text: BC

text: In

text: China

text: 's

text: first

text: known

text: nationwide

text: census

text: taken

text: in

text: AD

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: registered

text: as

text: having

text: individuals

text: in

text: households

question: Which group did Han forces fight in the Tarm Basin?

answer: the Xiongnu

text: the Xiongnu

question: When was the first national census taken in China?

answer: 2 AD

text: 2 AD

question: What was the population of China in 2 AD?

answer: 57,671,400

question: What year was the Protectorate of Western Regions created in?

answer: 60 BC

text: 60 BC

question: Which kingdom did the Han conquer in 109 BC?

answer: Dian

text: Dian


text: Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: largely

text: Collegiate

text: Gothic

text: campus

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: several

text: iconic

text: modern

text: buildings

text: commonly

text: discussed

text: in

text: architectural

text: history

text: survey

text: courses

text: Louis

text: Kahn

text: 's

text: Yale

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: and

text: Center

text: for

text: British

text: Art

text: Eero

text: Saarinen

text: 's

text: Ingalls

text: Rink

text: and

text: Ezra

text: Stiles

text: and

text: Morse

text: Colleges

text: and

text: Paul

text: Rudolph

text: 's

text: Art

text: Architecture

text: Building

text: Yale

text: also

text: owns

text: and

text: has

text: restored

text: many

text: noteworthy

text: century

text: mansions

text: along

text: Hillhouse

text: Avenue

text: which

text: was

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: beautiful

text: street

text: in

text: America

text: by

text: Charles

text: Dickens

text: when

text: he

text: visited

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: Travel+Leisure

text: listed

text: the

text: Yale

text: campus

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: beautiful

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: Who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1840's?

answer: Charles Dickens

text: Charles Dickens

question: Who listed Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States?

answer: Travel+Leisure

text: Travel+Leisure

question: What is Yale largely known for?

answer: Collegiate Gothic campus

text: Collegiate Gothic campus

question: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses?

answer: 2011

question: Who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1940's?

text: Charles Dickens

question: Who listed Yale as one of the least beautiful campuses in the United States?

text: Travel+Leisure

question: What is Yale largely unknown for?

text: Collegiate Gothic campus

question: What is Yale lesser known for?

text: Collegiate Gothic campus

question: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the least beautiful campuses?


text: Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: modern

text: black

text: population

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: demographic

text: group

text: Although

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: residents

text: born

text: in

text: Africa

text: is

text: very

text: small

text: it

text: has

text: tripled

text: between

text: and

text: this

text: group

text: also

text: includes

text: non

text: blacks

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: blacks

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: can

text: be

text: termed

text: Bermudian

text: blacks

text: whose

text: ancestry

text: dates

text: back

text: centuries

text: between

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: slavery

text: in

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: black

text: population

text: was

text: self

text: sustaining

text: with

text: its

text: growth

text: resulting

text: largely

text: from

text: natural

text: expansion

text: This

text: contrasts

text: to

text: the

text: enslaved

text: blacks

text: of

text: the

text: plantation

text: colonies

text: who

text: were

text: subjected

text: to

text: conditions

text: so

text: harsh

text: as

text: to

text: drop

text: their

text: birth

text: rate

text: below

text: the

text: death

text: rate

text: and

text: slaveholders

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: found

text: it

text: necessary

text: to

text: continue

text: importing

text: more

text: enslaved

text: blacks

text: from

text: Africa

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: slavery

text: the

text: same

text: had

text: been

text: true

text: for

text: the

text: Native

text: Americans

text: that

text: the

text: Africans

text: had

text: replaced

text: on

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: plantations

text: The

text: indigenous

text: populations

text: of

text: many

text: West

text: Indian

text: islands

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: had

text: survived

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: epidemics

text: of

text: European

text: introduced

text: diseases

text: then

text: became

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: slave

text: raiding

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: completely

text: depopulated

text: When

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: indigenous

text: slaves

text: ran

text: out

text: the

text: slaveholders

text: looked

text: to

text: Africa

text: The

text: ancestry

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: black

text: population

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: West

text: Indian

text: black

text: population

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: firstly

text: the

text: higher

text: degree

text: of

text: European

text: and

text: Native

text: American

text: admixture

text: secondly

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: ancestry

question: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?

answer: Bermudian blacks

text: Bermudian blacks

question: Why were so many blacks repeatedly being imported from Africa?

answer: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate

text: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate

question: Why can Bermudian blacks trace their ancestry back over centuries in Bermuda?

answer: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion

text: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion

question: What is one way that the ancestry of Bermudian black population differs from that of British West Indian black population?

answer: the source of the African ancestry

text: the source of the African ancestry

question: What modern population contains one demographic group?

text: Bermuda's modern black population

question: What tripled in 2000?

text: the number of residents born in Africa

question: What ended in 1843?

text: slavery

question: What is the ancestry of the British West Indian black population?

text: Bermuda's black population

question: What happened in 1843?

text: the end of slavery


text: At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: At

text: present

text: the

text: full

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: People

text: 's

text: Government

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: one

text: party

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: CPC

text: with

text: the

text: CPC

text: Nanjing

text: Committee

text: Secretary

text: as

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: mayor

text: as

text: the

text: executive

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: working

text: under

text: the

text: secretary

question: What is the full name for Nanjing's government?

answer: "People's Government of Nanjing City"

text: "People's Government of Nanjing City"

question: How many parties rule Nanjing?

answer: one-party

text: one-party

question: What party rules Nanjing?

answer: the CPC

text: the CPC

question: Who is considered to be the governor of Nanjing?

answer: the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary

text: the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary

question: who is the executive leader of Nanjing, working under the secretary?

answer: the mayor

text: the mayor


text: The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university. Kansas has won the tournament 5 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, and 2009) and had 12 teams make it to the final four. Kansas trails only Northwestern (13), Dartmouth (6), and Harvard (6) for most tournaments won. Kansas also won the 1981–82 Copeland Award.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Kansas

text: has

text: had

text: more

text: teams

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Debate

text: Tournament

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: university

text: Kansas

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: tournament

text: times

text: and

text: and

text: had

text: teams

text: make

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: final

text: four

text: Kansas

text: trails

text: only

text: Northwestern

text: Dartmouth

text: and

text: Harvard

text: for

text: most

text: tournaments

text: won

text: Kansas

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: Copeland

text: Award

question: How many times have KU teams appeared in the National Debate Tournament?

answer: 70

question: How many times has KU won the national debate championship?

answer: 5

question: How many times has KU been one of the last four teams competing at the National Debate Championships?

answer: 12

question: What school has won the most national debate championships?

answer: Northwestern

text: Northwestern

question: What is the name of an honor given to collegiate debate teams?

answer: Copeland Award

text: Copeland Award

question: How many times has KU lost the national debate championship?

question: How many times have UK teams appeared in the National Debate Tournament?

question: How many times has KU been one of the last five teams competing at the National Debate Championships?

question: What school has won the least national debate championships?

text: Northwestern

question: What is the name of an honor given to high school debate teams?

text: Copeland Award


text: Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Government has rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: Scotland

text: has

text: a

text: very

text: different

text: educational

text: system

text: from

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: though

text: also

text: based

text: on

text: comprehensive

text: education

text: It

text: has

text: different

text: ages

text: of

text: transfer

text: different

text: examinations

text: and

text: a

text: different

text: philosophy

text: of

text: choice

text: and

text: provision

text: All

text: publicly

text: funded

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: are

text: comprehensive

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Government

text: has

text: rejected

text: plans

text: for

text: specialist

text: schools

text: as

text: of

question: All public primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?

answer: comprehensive

text: comprehensive

question: What has Scotland refused to adopt?

answer: specialist schools

text: specialist schools

question: When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?

answer: 2005

question: All private primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?

text: comprehensive

question: All public primary and secondary schools in England are of what type?

text: comprehensive

question: What has England refused to adopt?

text: specialist schools

question: When was England's latest rejection of the specialist school model?

question: When wasn't Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?


text: Traditionally the annelids have been divided into two major groups, the polychaetes and clitellates. In turn the clitellates were divided into oligochaetes, which include earthworms, and hirudinomorphs, whose best-known members are leeches. For many years there was no clear arrangement of the approximately 80 polychaete families into higher-level groups. In 1997 Greg Rouse and Kristian Fauchald attempted a "first heuristic step in terms of bringing polychaete systematics to an acceptable level of rigour", based on anatomical structures, and divided polychaetes into:

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: annelids

text: have

text: been

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: major

text: groups

text: the

text: polychaetes

text: and

text: clitellates

text: In

text: turn

text: the

text: clitellates

text: were

text: divided

text: into

text: oligochaetes

text: which

text: include

text: earthworms

text: and

text: hirudinomorphs

text: whose

text: best

text: known

text: members

text: are

text: leeches

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: clear

text: arrangement

text: of

text: the

text: approximately

text: polychaete

text: families

text: into

text: higher

text: level

text: groups

text: In

text: Greg

text: Rouse

text: and

text: Kristian

text: Fauchald

text: attempted

text: a

text: first

text: heuristic

text: step

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: bringing

text: polychaete

text: systematics

text: to

text: an

text: acceptable

text: level

text: of

text: rigour

text: based

text: on

text: anatomical

text: structures

text: and

text: divided

text: polychaetes

text: into

question: What two groups are annelids traditionally divided among?

answer: polychaetes and clitellates

text: polychaetes and clitellates

question: What subtype of clitellates contains earthworms?

answer: oligochaetes

text: oligochaetes

question: What subtype of clitellates contains leeches?

answer: hirudinomorphs

text: hirudinomorphs

question: How many polychaete families are there?

answer: approximately 80

text: approximately 80

question: When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize polychaetes?

answer: 1997

question: What three groups are annelids traditionally divided among?

text: polychaetes and clitellates

question: What subtype of clitellates contains spaceworms?

text: oligochaetes

question: What subtype of clitellates contains lemurs?

text: hirudinomorphs

question: How many polychaete political parties are there?

text: approximately 80

question: When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize planets?


text: Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those novel items immediately and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Dogs have advanced memory skills. A study documented the learning and memory capabilities of a border collie, "Chaser", who had learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words. Dogs are able to read and react appropriately to human body language such as gesturing and pointing, and to understand human voice commands. Dogs demonstrate a theory of mind by engaging in deception. A study showed compelling evidence that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans. Another study indicated that after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Modern domestic dogs use humans to solve their problems for them.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Dog

text: intelligence

text: is

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: dog

text: to

text: perceive

text: information

text: and

text: retain

text: it

text: as

text: knowledge

text: for

text: applying

text: to

text: solve

text: problems

text: Dogs

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: learn

text: by

text: inference

text: A

text: study

text: with

text: Rico

text: showed

text: that

text: he

text: knew

text: the

text: labels

text: of

text: over

text: different

text: items

text: He

text: inferred

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: novel

text: items

text: by

text: exclusion

text: learning

text: and

text: correctly

text: retrieved

text: those

text: novel

text: items

text: immediately

text: and

text: also

text: weeks

text: after

text: the

text: initial

text: exposure

text: Dogs

text: have

text: advanced

text: memory

text: skills

text: A

text: study

text: documented

text: the

text: learning

text: and

text: memory

text: capabilities

text: of

text: a

text: border

text: collie

text: Chaser

text: who

text: had

text: learned

text: the

text: names

text: and

text: could

text: associate

text: by

text: verbal

text: command

text: over

text: words

text: Dogs

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: read

text: and

text: react

text: appropriately

text: to

text: human

text: body

text: language

text: such

text: as

text: gesturing

text: and

text: pointing

text: and

text: to

text: understand

text: human

text: voice

text: commands

text: Dogs

text: demonstrate

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: mind

text: by

text: engaging

text: in

text: deception

text: A

text: study

text: showed

text: compelling

text: evidence

text: that

text: Australian

text: dingos

text: can

text: outperform

text: domestic

text: dogs

text: in

text: non

text: social

text: problem

text: solving

text: experiment

text: indicating

text: that

text: domestic

text: dogs

text: may

text: have

text: lost

text: much

text: of

text: their

text: original

text: problem

text: solving

text: abilities

text: once

text: they

text: joined

text: humans

text: Another

text: study

text: indicated

text: that

text: after

text: undergoing

text: training

text: to

text: solve

text: a

text: simple

text: manipulation

text: task

text: dogs

text: that

text: are

text: faced

text: with

text: an

text: insoluble

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: problem

text: look

text: at

text: the

text: human

text: while

text: socialized

text: wolves

text: do

text: not

text: Modern

text: domestic

text: dogs

text: use

text: humans

text: to

text: solve

text: their

text: problems

text: for

text: them

question: What is the name of the dog that could ID over 200 things?

answer: Rico

text: Rico

question: What is the name of the Border collie that knew over 1000 words?

answer: Chaser

text: Chaser

question: In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things?

answer: gesturing and pointing

text: gesturing and pointing

question: What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment?

answer: Australian dingos

text: Australian dingos

question: What is one thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for?

answer: to solve their problems for them.

text: to solve their problems for them.

question: Perceiving information and retaining it is what?

answer: intelligence

text: intelligence

question: How many labels does Rico the dog know?

answer: over 200

text: over 200

question: What kind of memory skills do dogs have?

answer: advanced

text: advanced

question: How many words did Chaser know?

answer: over 1,000

text: over 1,000


text: The Estonian literature refers to literature written in the Estonian language (ca. 1 million speakers). The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early written literary works in the Estonian language. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. The Liber Census Daniae (1241) contains Estonian place and family names.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: Estonian

text: literature

text: refers

text: to

text: literature

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: ca

text: million

text: speakers

text: The

text: domination

text: of

text: Estonia

text: after

text: the

text: Northern

text: Crusades

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: by

text: Germany

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Russia

text: resulted

text: in

text: few

text: early

text: written

text: literary

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: The

text: oldest

text: records

text: of

text: written

text: Estonian

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: Originates

text: Livoniae

text: in

text: Chronicle

text: of

text: Henry

text: of

text: Livonia

text: contains

text: Estonian

text: place

text: names

text: words

text: and

text: fragments

text: of

text: sentences

text: The

text: Liber

text: Census

text: Daniae

text: contains

text: Estonian

text: place

text: and

text: family

text: names

question: What event preceded the domination of Estonia by different European powers?

answer: the Northern Crusades

text: the Northern Crusades

question: Which three nations occupied Estonia up until 1918?

answer: Germany, Sweden, and Russia

text: Germany, Sweden, and Russia

question: What era contains the oldest records of written Estonia works?

answer: the 13th century

text: the 13th century

question: What document dated in 1241 contains place and family names?

answer: The Liber Census Daniae

text: The Liber Census Daniae


text: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: grunge

text: music

text: having

text: produced

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Nirvana

text: Soundgarden

text: Alice

text: in

text: Chains

text: Pearl

text: Jam

text: and

text: Mudhoney

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: reached

text: international

text: audiences

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: such

text: varied

text: artists

text: as

text: avant

text: garde

text: jazz

text: musicians

text: Bill

text: Frisell

text: and

text: Wayne

text: Horvitz

text: hot

text: jazz

text: musician

text: Glenn

text: Crytzer

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: Sir

text: Mix

text: a

text: Lot

text: Macklemore

text: Blue

text: Scholars

text: and

text: Shabazz

text: Palaces

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: saxophonist

text: Kenny

text: G

text: classic

text: rock

text: staples

text: Heart

text: and

text: Queensrÿche

text: and

text: alternative

text: rock

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Foo

text: Fighters

text: Harvey

text: Danger

text: The

text: Presidents

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: Posies

text: Modest

text: Mouse

text: Band

text: of

text: Horses

text: Death

text: Cab

text: for

text: Cutie

text: and

text: Fleet

text: Foxes

text: Rock

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Jimi

text: Hendrix

text: Duff

text: McKagan

text: and

text: Nikki

text: Sixx

text: spent

text: their

text: formative

text: years

text: in

text: Seattle

question: What genre of music are Nirvana and Soundgarden?

answer: grunge

text: grunge

question: What type of musician is Bill Frisell?

answer: avant-garde jazz

text: avant-garde jazz

question: What style of music does Sir Mix-a-Lot and Macklemore represent in Seattle?

answer: hip hop

text: hip hop

question: What type of music do Foo Fighters and Harvey Danger perform?

answer: alternative rock

text: alternative rock

question: Where did artists such as Hendrix and Sixx spend their early years?

answer: Seattle

text: Seattle


text: The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30 GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com getting on average less than 8 hours from an iPod. In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time. The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals either US$50 store credit or a free battery replacement.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: The

text: advertised

text: battery

text: life

text: on

text: most

text: models

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: achievable

text: life

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: fifth

text: generation

text: GB

text: iPod

text: is

text: advertised

text: as

text: having

text: up

text: to

text: hours

text: of

text: music

text: playback

text: An

text: report

text: stated

text: that

text: this

text: was

text: virtually

text: unachievable

text: under

text: real

text: life

text: usage

text: conditions

text: with

text: a

text: writer

text: for

text: getting

text: on

text: average

text: less

text: than

text: hours

text: from

text: an

text: iPod

text: In

text: class

text: action

text: lawsuits

text: were

text: brought

text: against

text: Apple

text: complaining

text: that

text: the

text: battery

text: charges

text: lasted

text: for

text: shorter

text: lengths

text: of

text: time

text: than

text: stated

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: battery

text: degraded

text: over

text: time

text: The

text: lawsuits

text: were

text: settled

text: by

text: offering

text: individuals

text: either

text: US$

text: store

text: credit

text: or

text: a

text: free

text: battery

text: replacement

question: How long were 5th generation iPods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged?

answer: 14 hours

text: 14 hours

question: Which website criticized Apple's battery life claims?

answer: MP3.com

question: In what year was Apple sued for issues relating to its battery life?

answer: 2003

question: Discrepancy in what spec brought about a class action suit against Apple in 2003?

answer: battery life

text: battery life

question: How many hours of real-time battery life did the 5th-generation iPod test at, compared to its advertised 14 hours?

answer: 8 hours

text: 8 hours


text: Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Slavic

text: standard

text: languages

text: which

text: are

text: official

text: in

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: country

text: Belarusian

text: Bosnian

text: Bulgarian

text: Croatian

text: Czech

text: Macedonian

text: Montenegrin

text: Polish

text: Russian

text: Serbian

text: Slovak

text: Slovene

text: and

text: Ukrainian

text: The

text: alphabet

text: depends

text: on

text: what

text: religion

text: is

text: usual

text: for

text: the

text: respective

text: Slavic

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: The

text: Orthodox

text: use

text: the

text: Cyrillic

text: alphabet

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: use

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: the

text: Bosniaks

text: who

text: are

text: Muslims

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: Latin

text: Few

text: Greek

text: Roman

text: and

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: use

text: the

text: Cyrillic

text: alphabet

text: however

text: The

text: Serbian

text: language

text: and

text: Montenegrin

text: language

text: uses

text: both

text: Cyrillic

text: and

text: Latin

text: alphabets

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: Latin

text: script

text: to

text: write

text: in

text: Belarusian

text: called

text: the

text: Lacinka

text: alphabet

question: What depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups?

answer: The alphabet

text: The alphabet

question: Who uses the Cyrillic alphabet?

answer: The Orthodox

text: The Orthodox

question: Who uses the Latin alphabet?

answer: the Roman Catholics

text: the Roman Catholics

question: Other than the Roman Catholics, who else uses Latin?

answer: the Bosniaks

text: the Bosniaks

question: What is a Latin script to write in Belarusian?

answer: the Lacinka alphabet

text: the Lacinka alphabet

question: What is dependent on the alphabet?

text: religion

question: What is the name of the latin script Muslims use?

text: Lacinka

question: What do most Greek Romans use?

text: Latin

question: What language do Ukranians use?

text: both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets

question: What language uses a Cyrillic script called Lacinka?

text: Belarusian


text: Eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and at age 62, was the oldest man elected President since James Buchanan in 1856 (President Truman stood at 64 in 1948 as the incumbent president at the time of his election four years earlier). Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover).

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: president

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: at

text: age

text: was

text: the

text: oldest

text: man

text: elected

text: President

text: since

text: James

text: Buchanan

text: in

text: President

text: Truman

text: stood

text: at

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: incumbent

text: president

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: election

text: four

text: years

text: earlier

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: general

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: President

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: President

text: to

text: have

text: never

text: held

text: elected

text: office

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Presidency

text: The

text: other

text: Presidents

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: prior

text: elected

text: office

text: were

text: Zachary

text: Taylor

text: Ulysses

text: S.

text: Grant

text: William

text: Howard

text: Taft

text: and

text: Herbert

text: Hoover

question: How old was Truman in 1948?

answer: 64

question: In what century was Eisenhower born?

answer: 19th

question: Who was the oldest man to become President prior to Eisenhower?

answer: James Buchanan

text: James Buchanan

question: How many times had Eisenhower been elected to office prior to becoming president?

answer: never

text: never

question: What did Eisenhower have in common with presidents Taylor, Grant, Taft and Hoover?

answer: did not have prior elected office

text: did not have prior elected office


text: The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do comprise an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector, there are many other types of nonprofits. Overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. Member-serving organizations include mutual societies, cooperatives, trade unions, credit unions, industry associations, sports clubs, retired serviceman's clubs and peak bodies – organizations that benefit a particular group of people i.e. the members of the organization. Typically, community-serving organizations are focused on providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally: organizations delivering human services programs or projects, aid and development programs, medical research, education and health services, and so on. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the grassroots support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving both its members (by directly supporting them) and the broader community (through the provision of a helping service for fellow citizens).

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: The

text: nonprofit

text: landscape

text: is

text: highly

text: varied

text: although

text: many

text: people

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: associate

text: NPOs

text: with

text: charitable

text: organizations

text: Although

text: charities

text: do

text: comprise

text: an

text: often

text: high

text: profile

text: or

text: visible

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: sector

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: nonprofits

text: Overall

text: they

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: either

text: member

text: serving

text: or

text: community

text: serving

text: Member

text: serving

text: organizations

text: include

text: mutual

text: societies

text: cooperatives

text: trade

text: unions

text: credit

text: unions

text: industry

text: associations

text: sports

text: clubs

text: retired

text: serviceman

text: 's

text: clubs

text: and

text: peak

text: bodies

text: organizations

text: that

text: benefit

text: a

text: particular

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: i.e.

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: organization

text: Typically

text: community

text: serving

text: organizations

text: are

text: focused

text: on

text: providing

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: community

text: in

text: general

text: either

text: globally

text: or

text: locally

text: organizations

text: delivering

text: human

text: services

text: programs

text: or

text: projects

text: aid

text: and

text: development

text: programs

text: medical

text: research

text: education

text: and

text: health

text: services

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: It

text: could

text: be

text: argued

text: many

text: nonprofits

text: sit

text: across

text: both

text: camps

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: impact

text: they

text: make

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: grassroots

text: support

text: group

text: that

text: provides

text: a

text: lifeline

text: to

text: those

text: with

text: a

text: particular

text: condition

text: or

text: disease

text: could

text: be

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: serving

text: both

text: its

text: members

text: by

text: directly

text: supporting

text: them

text: and

text: the

text: broader

text: community

text: through

text: the

text: provision

text: of

text: a

text: helping

text: service

text: for

text: fellow

text: citizens

question: What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with?

answer: charitable

text: charitable

question: Who does an NPO usually serve?

answer: member-serving or community-serving

text: member-serving or community-serving

question: What do NPOs that center around community usually focus on?

answer: providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally

text: providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally

question: What are member serving NPOs really focused on?

answer: by directly supporting them

text: by directly supporting them

question: What are community serving NPOs focused on?

answer: a helping service for fellow citizens

text: a helping service for fellow citizens

question: What have people come to associate the broader community with?

text: charitable organizations

question: What elements make up human service programs?

question: What are the two main types of health services?

question: How do credit unions serve the community?

text: in general, either globally or locally

question: How does medical research benefit credit unions?


text: Arnold, Constable was the first American department store. It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold (1794?-1876), an emigrant from Great Britain, as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City. In 1857 the store moved into a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House. During the Civil War Arnold, Constable was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis. Recognized as an emporium for high-quality fashions, the store soon outgrew the Marble House and erected a cast-iron building on Broadway and Nineteenth Street in 1869; this “Palace of Trade” expanded over the years until it was necessary to move into a larger space in 1914. In 1925, Arnold, Constable merged with Stewart & Company and expanded into the suburbs, first with a 1937 store in New Rochelle, New York and later in Hempstead and Manhasset on Long Island, and in New Jersey. Financial problems led to bankruptcy in 1975.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Arnold

text: Constable

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: department

text: store

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Aaron

text: Arnold

text: an

text: emigrant

text: from

text: Great

text: Britain

text: as

text: a

text: small

text: dry

text: goods

text: store

text: on

text: Pine

text: Street

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: In

text: the

text: store

text: moved

text: into

text: a

text: five

text: story

text: white

text: marble

text: dry

text: goods

text: palace

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Marble

text: House

text: During

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: Arnold

text: Constable

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: stores

text: to

text: issue

text: charge

text: bills

text: of

text: credit

text: to

text: its

text: customers

text: each

text: month

text: instead

text: of

text: on

text: a

text: bi

text: annual

text: basis

text: Recognized

text: as

text: an

text: emporium

text: for

text: high

text: quality

text: fashions

text: the

text: store

text: soon

text: outgrew

text: the

text: Marble

text: House

text: and

text: erected

text: a

text: cast

text: iron

text: building

text: on

text: Broadway

text: and

text: Nineteenth

text: Street

text: in

text: this

text: Palace

text: of

text: Trade

text: expanded

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: move

text: into

text: a

text: larger

text: space

text: in

text: In

text: Arnold

text: Constable

text: merged

text: with

text: Stewart

text: Company

text: and

text: expanded

text: into

text: the

text: suburbs

text: first

text: with

text: a

text: store

text: in

text: New

text: Rochelle

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: Hempstead

text: and

text: Manhasset

text: on

text: Long

text: Island

text: and

text: in

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Financial

text: problems

text: led

text: to

text: bankruptcy

text: in

question: What is recognized as the "first" department store in America?

answer: Arnold, Constable

text: Arnold, Constable

question: Who founded Arnold, Constable?

answer: Aaron Arnold

text: Aaron Arnold

question: Where was the store moved in 1857?

answer: a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House.

text: a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House.

question: What made Arnold, Constable stand out from other stores during the civil war?

answer: was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis

text: was one of the first stores to issue charge bills of credit to its customers each month instead of on a bi-annual basis

question: When was the "Palace of Trade" built?

answer: 1869

question: What is recognized as the "last" department store in America?

text: Arnold, Constable

question: Who rejected Arnold, Constable?

text: Aaron Arnold

question: Where was the store moved in 1875?

question: What made Arnold, Constable stand out from other stores during the revolutionary war?

question: When was the "Palace of Trade" destroyed?


text: Napoleon III responded with a show of force, sending the ship of the line Charlemagne to the Black Sea. This action was a violation of the London Straits Convention.:104:19 Thus, France's show of force presented a real threat, and when combined with aggressive diplomacy and money, induced the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I to accept a new treaty, confirming France and the Roman Catholic Church as the supreme Christian authority with control over the Roman Catholic holy places and possession of the keys to the Church of the Nativity, previously held by the Greek Orthodox Church.:20

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: responded

text: with

text: a

text: show

text: of

text: force

text: sending

text: the

text: ship

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: Charlemagne

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: This

text: action

text: was

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: Straits

text: Thus

text: France

text: 's

text: show

text: of

text: force

text: presented

text: a

text: real

text: threat

text: and

text: when

text: combined

text: with

text: aggressive

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: money

text: induced

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Sultan

text: Abdülmecid

text: I

text: to

text: accept

text: a

text: new

text: treaty

text: confirming

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: as

text: the

text: supreme

text: Christian

text: authority

text: with

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: holy

text: places

text: and

text: possession

text: of

text: the

text: keys

text: to

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Nativity

text: previously

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

question: What was the name of the ship that Napoleon sent to the Black Sea?

answer: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne

question: Sending a ship to the Black Sea violated the terms made during what agreement?

answer: London Straits Convention

text: London Straits Convention

question: Who felt threaten by France's force and ended up signing a new treaty?

answer: Sultan Abdülmecid I

text: Sultan Abdülmecid I

question: Who previously held the keys to the Church of the Nativity?

answer: Greek Orthodox Church

text: Greek Orthodox Church

question: Who held authority over Roman Catholic holy places after Sultan Abdülmecid I agreed to the new treaty?

answer: France and the Roman Catholic Church

text: France and the Roman Catholic Church