text: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: Calvin

text: Veltman

text: undertook

text: for

text: the

text: National

text: Center

text: for

text: Education

text: Statistics

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: Hispanic

text: Policy

text: Development

text: Project

text: the

text: most

text: complete

text: study

text: of

text: English

text: language

text: adoption

text: by

text: Hispanophone

text: immigrants

text: Mr

text: Veltman

text: 's

text: language

text: shift

text: studies

text: document

text: high

text: bilingualism

text: rates

text: and

text: subsequent

text: adoption

text: of

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: preferred

text: language

text: of

text: Hispanics

text: particularly

text: by

text: the

text: young

text: and

text: the

text: native

text: born

text: The

text: complete

text: set

text: of

text: these

text: studies

text: demographic

text: projections

text: postulates

text: the

text: near

text: complete

text: assimilation

text: of

text: a

text: given

text: Hispanophone

text: immigrant

text: cohort

text: within

text: two

text: generations

text: Although

text: his

text: study

text: based

text: itself

text: upon

text: a

text: large

text: sample

text: from

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: which

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: repeated

text: data

text: from

text: the

text: Census

text: tend

text: to

text: confirm

text: the

text: great

text: Anglicization

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: Hispanic

text: American

text: origin

text: population

question: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language?

answer: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project

text: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project

question: What is Calvin Veltman' study about?

answer: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants

text: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants

question: What was Calvin Veltman' findings?

answer: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born.

text: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born.

question: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?

answer: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated),

text: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated),

question: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age?

answer: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

text: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

question: Who undertook the most complete study of Hispanic language adoption?

text: Calvin Veltman

question: What demographics did Veltman exclude from the study?

text: the young and the native-born

question: Data from which census confirms the great Anglicization of the billingual population?

text: 1990 Census

question: What is the preferred language of Hispanophone immigrants?

text: English

question: How many generations are required for a Native American to assimilate?

text: two


text: Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: Candidates

text: for

text: Freemasonry

text: will

text: have

text: met

text: most

text: active

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Lodge

text: they

text: are

text: joining

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: initiated

text: The

text: process

text: varies

text: between

text: jurisdictions

text: but

text: the

text: candidate

text: will

text: typically

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: by

text: a

text: friend

text: at

text: a

text: Lodge

text: social

text: function

text: or

text: at

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: open

text: evening

text: in

text: the

text: Lodge

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: interested

text: people

text: often

text: track

text: down

text: a

text: local

text: Lodge

text: through

text: the

text: Internet

text: The

text: onus

text: is

text: on

text: candidates

text: to

text: ask

text: to

text: join

text: while

text: candidates

text: may

text: be

text: encouraged

text: to

text: ask

text: they

text: are

text: never

text: invited

text: Once

text: the

text: initial

text: inquiry

text: is

text: made

text: an

text: interview

text: usually

text: follows

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: candidate

text: 's

text: suitability

text: If

text: the

text: candidate

text: decides

text: to

text: proceed

text: from

text: here

text: the

text: Lodge

text: ballots

text: on

text: the

text: application

text: before

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: Masonic

text: Jurisdiction

text: can

text: be

text: accepted

question: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?

answer: they are never invited

text: they are never invited

question: How does one become a Freemason?

answer: The onus is on candidates to ask to join

text: The onus is on candidates to ask to join

question: Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?

answer: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction

text: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction

question: How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of?

answer: track down a local Lodge through the Internet

text: track down a local Lodge through the Internet

question: Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated?

answer: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining

text: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining

question: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom?

answer: a friend

text: a friend

question: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?

answer: the Internet

text: the Internet

question: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge?

answer: never invited

text: never invited

question: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?

answer: an interview

text: an interview

question: How are Freemasons asked to leave a lodge?

text: they are never invited

question: Why can't anyone become a Freemason?

question: Can pets ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?

text: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction

question: What always follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?

text: an interview


text: Governments have seen alternates between Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Indian National Congress (INC), no third front ever has become significant. In 2003, the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state. In the assembly elections held in December 2007, the BJP secured a landslide victory. The BJP won 41 of the 68 seats while the Congress won only 23 of the 68 seats. BJP's Prem Kumar Dhumal was sworn in as Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh on 30 December 2007.

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Governments

text: have

text: seen

text: alternates

text: between

text: Bharatiya

text: Janata

text: Party

text: BJP

text: and

text: Indian

text: National

text: Congress

text: INC

text: no

text: third

text: front

text: ever

text: has

text: become

text: significant

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: legislative

text: assembly

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: National

text: Congress

text: and

text: Virbhadra

text: Singh

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: chief

text: minister

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: In

text: the

text: assembly

text: elections

text: held

text: in

text: December

text: the

text: BJP

text: secured

text: a

text: landslide

text: victory

text: The

text: BJP

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: seats

text: while

text: the

text: Congress

text: won

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: seats

text: BJP

text: 's

text: Prem

text: Kumar

text: Dhumal

text: was

text: sworn

text: in

text: as

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: of

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: on

text: December

question: Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India?

answer: Virbhadra Singh

text: Virbhadra Singh

question: How many seats did the BJP win?

answer: 41 of the 68 seats

text: 41 of the 68 seats

question: Who is BJP's Chief MInister of Himachal Pradesh?

answer: Prem Kumar Dhumal

text: Prem Kumar Dhumal

question: When was he sworn in?

answer: 30 December 2007

text: 30 December 2007

question: When did the BJP secure a landslide victory?

answer: December 2007

text: December 2007

question: In 2003, what did the Bharatiya Party win?

text: the state legislative assembly

question: What was Prem Kumar Dhumal elected as in 2003?

text: the chief minister of the state

question: When were the Indian National Congress elections held?

text: in December 2007

question: When did the Indian National Congress win by a landslide?

text: in December 2007

question: When was Virbhadra Singh sworn in as Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh?

text: on 30 December 2007


text: Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: was

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: GDP

text: PPP

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: largest

text: trading

text: partner

text: in

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: and

text: supplies

text: a

text: fifth

text: of

text: its

text: oil

text: of

text: oil

text: imports

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: trade

text: surplus

text: with

text: the

text: US

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: worldwide

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: export

text: market

text: for

text: US

text: goods

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: exporter

text: of

text: goods

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: foreign

text: investor

text: The

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: IMF

text: projected

text: economic

text: growth

text: of

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: The

text: IMF

text: further

text: projects

text: an

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: economy

text: in

question: Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?

answer: 30th in the world

text: 30th in the world

question: Which sub-Saharan African nation does the most trade with the US?

answer: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

question: How much of the US's oil comes from Nigeria?

answer: a fifth

text: a fifth

question: How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria?

answer: 11%

question: How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009?

answer: 8.3%


text: With the Japanese CAP out of position and the carriers at their most vulnerable, SBD Dauntlesses from Enterprise and Yorktown appeared at an altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) and commenced their attack, quickly dealing fatal blows to three fleet carriers: Sōryū, Kaga, and Akagi. Within minutes, all three were ablaze and had to be abandoned with great loss of life. Hiryū managed to survive the wave of dive bombers and launched a counter-attack against the American carriers which caused severe damage to Yorktown (which was later finished off by a Japanese submarine). However, a second attack from the U.S. carriers a few hours later found and destroyed Hiryū, the last remaining fleet carrier available to Nagumo. With his carriers lost and the Americans withdrawn out of range of his powerful battleships, Yamamoto was forced to call off the operation, leaving Midway in American hands. The battle proved to be a decisive victory for the Allies. For the second time, Japanese expansion had been checked and its formidable Combined Fleet was significantly weakened by the loss of four fleet carriers and many highly trained, virtually irreplaceable, personnel. Japan would be largely on the defensive for the rest of the war.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: With

text: the

text: Japanese

text: CAP

text: out

text: of

text: position

text: and

text: the

text: carriers

text: at

text: their

text: most

text: vulnerable

text: SBD

text: Dauntlesses

text: from

text: Enterprise

text: and

text: Yorktown

text: appeared

text: at

text: an

text: altitude

text: of

text: feet

text: m

text: and

text: commenced

text: their

text: attack

text: quickly

text: dealing

text: fatal

text: blows

text: to

text: three

text: fleet

text: carriers

text: Sōryū

text: Kaga

text: and

text: Akagi

text: Within

text: minutes

text: all

text: three

text: were

text: ablaze

text: and

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: abandoned

text: with

text: great

text: loss

text: of

text: life

text: Hiryū

text: managed

text: to

text: survive

text: the

text: wave

text: of

text: dive

text: bombers

text: and

text: launched

text: a

text: counter

text: attack

text: against

text: the

text: American

text: carriers

text: which

text: caused

text: severe

text: damage

text: to

text: Yorktown

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: finished

text: off

text: by

text: a

text: Japanese

text: submarine

text: However

text: a

text: second

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: carriers

text: a

text: few

text: hours

text: later

text: found

text: and

text: destroyed

text: Hiryū

text: the

text: last

text: remaining

text: fleet

text: carrier

text: available

text: to

text: Nagumo

text: With

text: his

text: carriers

text: lost

text: and

text: the

text: Americans

text: withdrawn

text: out

text: of

text: range

text: of

text: his

text: powerful

text: battleships

text: Yamamoto

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: call

text: off

text: the

text: operation

text: leaving

text: Midway

text: in

text: American

text: hands

text: The

text: battle

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: decisive

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: Allies

text: For

text: the

text: second

text: time

text: Japanese

text: expansion

text: had

text: been

text: checked

text: and

text: its

text: formidable

text: Combined

text: Fleet

text: was

text: significantly

text: weakened

text: by

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: four

text: fleet

text: carriers

text: and

text: many

text: highly

text: trained

text: virtually

text: irreplaceable

text: personnel

text: Japan

text: would

text: be

text: largely

text: on

text: the

text: defensive

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: war

question: At what altitude did the American dive bombers commence their attck on the Japanese carriers?

answer: 10,000 feet

text: 10,000 feet

question: Which Japanese carrier survived the first wave of American dive bombers in the Battle of Midway.

answer: Hiryū

text: Hiryū

question: Who won the Battle of Midway?

answer: Allies

text: Allies

question: How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway?

answer: four

text: four


text: The 5th Regiment was sent to intercept him and made contact just south of Grenoble on March 7, 1815. Napoleon approached the regiment alone, dismounted his horse and, when he was within gunshot range, shouted to the soldiers, "Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish." The soldiers quickly responded with, "Vive L'Empereur!" Ney, who had boasted to the restored Bourbon king, Louis XVIII, that he would bring Napoleon to Paris in an iron cage, affectionately kissed his former emperor and forgot his oath of allegiance to the Bourbon monarch. The two then marched together towards Paris with a growing army. The unpopular Louis XVIII fled to Belgium after realizing he had little political support. On March 13, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared Napoleon an outlaw. Four days later, Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia each pledged to put 150,000 men into the field to end his rule.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: The

text: Regiment

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: intercept

text: him

text: and

text: made

text: contact

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: Grenoble

text: on

text: March

text: Napoleon

text: approached

text: the

text: regiment

text: alone

text: dismounted

text: his

text: horse

text: and

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: within

text: gunshot

text: range

text: shouted

text: to

text: the

text: soldiers

text: Here

text: I

text: am

text: Kill

text: your

text: Emperor

text: if

text: you

text: wish

text: The

text: soldiers

text: quickly

text: responded

text: with

text: Vive

text: L'Empereur

text: Ney

text: who

text: had

text: boasted

text: to

text: the

text: restored

text: Bourbon

text: king

text: Louis

text: XVIII

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: bring

text: Napoleon

text: to

text: Paris

text: in

text: an

text: iron

text: cage

text: affectionately

text: kissed

text: his

text: former

text: emperor

text: and

text: forgot

text: his

text: oath

text: of

text: allegiance

text: to

text: the

text: Bourbon

text: monarch

text: The

text: two

text: then

text: marched

text: together

text: towards

text: Paris

text: with

text: a

text: growing

text: army

text: The

text: unpopular

text: Louis

text: XVIII

text: fled

text: to

text: Belgium

text: after

text: realizing

text: he

text: had

text: little

text: political

text: support

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: powers

text: at

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: declared

text: Napoleon

text: an

text: outlaw

text: Four

text: days

text: later

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Russia

text: Austria

text: and

text: Prussia

text: each

text: pledged

text: to

text: put

text: men

text: into

text: the

text: field

text: to

text: end

text: his

text: rule

question: What military unit was charged with intercepting Napoleon?

answer: The 5th Regiment

text: The 5th Regiment

question: On what date was Napoleon contacted by the 5th Regiment?

answer: March 7, 1815

text: March 7, 1815

question: When Napoleon suggested to the 5th Regiment that they kill him, how did they respond?

answer: "Vive L'Empereur!"

text: "Vive L'Empereur!"

question: Ney had told Louis XVIII that he would carry Napoleon to Paris in what kind of container?

answer: an iron cage

text: an iron cage

question: After fleeing France, where did Louis XVIII go?

answer: Belgium

text: Belgium


text: A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: A

text: traditional

text: sport

text: played

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: is

text: kilikiti

text: which

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: cricket

text: A

text: popular

text: sport

text: specific

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: is

text: Ano

text: which

text: is

text: played

text: with

text: two

text: round

text: balls

text: of

text: cm

text: in

text: diameter

text: Ano

text: is

text: a

text: localised

text: version

text: of

text: volleyball

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: two

text: hard

text: balls

text: made

text: from

text: pandanus

text: leaves

text: are

text: volleyed

text: at

text: great

text: speed

text: with

text: the

text: team

text: members

text: trying

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: Ano

text: hitting

text: the

text: ground

text: Traditional

text: sports

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: were

text: foot

text: racing

text: lance

text: throwing

text: quarterstaff

text: fencing

text: and

text: wrestling

text: although

text: the

text: Christian

text: missionaries

text: disapproved

text: of

text: these

text: activities

question: What is the traditional sport on Tuvalu?

answer: kilikiti

text: kilikiti

question: To what sport is kilikiti like?

answer: cricket

text: cricket

question: What is the Tuvalu version of volley ball?

answer: Ano

text: Ano

question: What group disliked the traditional war-like sports of Tuvalu?

answer: Christian missionaries

text: Christian missionaries

question: With what equipment is ano played?

answer: two hard balls

text: two hard balls


text: But in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. But statistical mechanics, unlike classical thermodynamics, is time-reversal symmetric. The second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics, merely states that it is overwhelmingly likely that net entropy will increase, but it is not an absolute law.

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time

text: But

text: in

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: things

text: get

text: more

text: complicated

text: On

text: one

text: hand

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: is

text: far

text: superior

text: to

text: classical

text: thermodynamics

text: in

text: that

text: thermodynamic

text: behavior

text: such

text: as

text: glass

text: breaking

text: can

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: the

text: fundamental

text: laws

text: of

text: physics

text: paired

text: with

text: a

text: statistical

text: postulate

text: But

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: unlike

text: classical

text: thermodynamics

text: is

text: time

text: reversal

text: symmetric

text: The

text: second

text: law

text: of

text: thermodynamics

text: as

text: it

text: arises

text: in

text: statistical

text: mechanics

text: merely

text: states

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: overwhelmingly

text: likely

text: that

text: net

text: entropy

text: will

text: increase

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: absolute

text: law

question: How are things in statistical mechanics?

answer: complicated

text: complicated

question: What are superior to classical thermodynamics?

answer: statistical mechanics

text: statistical mechanics

question: In order to explain glass breaking, Fundamental laws of physics can be paired with what?

answer: a statistical postulate

text: a statistical postulate

question: Is statistical mechanics asymmetric or symmetric in regards to time-reversal?

answer: symmetric

text: symmetric

question: What kind of law is the second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics?

answer: not an absolute law

text: not an absolute law

question: What type of mechanics help to simplify things?

text: statistical mechanics

question: What is superior to statistical mechanics?

text: classical thermodynamics

question: What thermodynamic behavior can not be explained by the fundemental laws of physics?

text: glass breaking

question: What is an abso;ute law in statistical mechanics?

text: net entropy will increase


text: A further complication is that the measurement of γ′p involves the measurement of an electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes, so a conversion factor is required. The symbol Γ′p-90 is used for the measured gyromagnetic ratio using conventional electrical units. In addition, there are two methods of measuring the value, a "low-field" method and a "high-field" method, and the conversion factors are different in the two cases. Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: A

text: further

text: complication

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: γ′p

text: involves

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: an

text: electric

text: current

text: this

text: is

text: invariably

text: measured

text: in

text: conventional

text: amperes

text: rather

text: than

text: in

text: SI

text: amperes

text: so

text: a

text: conversion

text: factor

text: is

text: required

text: The

text: symbol

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: measured

text: gyromagnetic

text: ratio

text: using

text: conventional

text: electrical

text: units

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: two

text: methods

text: of

text: measuring

text: the

text: value

text: a

text: low

text: field

text: method

text: and

text: a

text: high

text: field

text: method

text: and

text: the

text: conversion

text: factors

text: are

text: different

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: cases

text: Only

text: the

text: high

text: field

text: value

text: is

text: of

text: interest

text: in

text: determining

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

question: How many methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio are there?

answer: there are two methods of measuring the value

text: there are two methods of measuring the value

question: How do conversion factors compare in "low-field" and "high-field" methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio?

answer: the conversion factors are different in the two cases

text: the conversion factors are different in the two cases

question: Which method is of interest in determining the Planck constant?

answer: Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant

text: Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant

question: Why is the measurement of electric current an issue in the estimate of the gyromagnetic ratio?

answer: electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes

text: electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes

question: How many methods of measuring the gyroelectric ratio are there?

question: How do conversion factors compare in "low-field" and "high-field" methods of measuring the gyroelectric ratio?

question: Which method is of interest in determining the Planck difference?

question: Why is the measurement of gyroelectric current an issue in the estimate of the gyromagnetic ratio?


text: There is archaeological evidence that parts of the foundations of The Old Ferryboat Inn in Holywell may date to AD 460, and there is evidence of ale being served as early as AD 560.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: There

text: is

text: archaeological

text: evidence

text: that

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: The

text: Old

text: Ferryboat

text: Inn

text: in

text: Holywell

text: may

text: date

text: to

text: AD

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: evidence

text: of

text: ale

text: being

text: served

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: AD

question: Where is The Old Ferryboat Inn located?

answer: Holywell

text: Holywell

question: How far back does the foundation of The Old Ferryboat Inn date?

answer: 460

question: When was ale first served at the site of The Old Ferryboat Inn?

answer: 560


text: Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: Multiracial

text: Americans

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: sizable

text: minority

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: People

text: of

text: multiracial

text: heritage

text: number

text: over

text: individuals

text: and

text: represent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: People

text: of

text: mixed

text: Caucasian

text: and

text: African

text: American

text: heritage

text: number

text: over

text: members

text: and

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: People

text: of

text: mixed

text: Caucasian

text: and

text: Native

text: American

text: heritage

text: number

text: over

text: members

text: and

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: People

text: of

text: mixed

text: Caucasian

text: and

text: Asian

text: heritage

text: number

text: over

text: members

text: and

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: People

text: of

text: mixed

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: Native

text: American

text: heritage

text: number

text: over

text: members

text: and

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: population

question: How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?

answer: over 41,800

text: over 41,800

question: What percent of the Bronx is multiracial?

answer: 3.0%

question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and African American heritage?

answer: 0.5%

question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage?

answer: 0.2%

question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage?

answer: 0.1%


text: Tajikistan consists of 4 administrative divisions. These are the provinces (viloyat) of Sughd and Khatlon, the autonomous province of Gorno-Badakhshan (abbreviated as GBAO), and the Region of Republican Subordination (RRP – Raiony Respublikanskogo Podchineniya in transliteration from Russian or NTJ – Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ in Tajik; formerly known as Karotegin Province). Each region is divided into several districts, (Tajik: Ноҳия, nohiya or raion), which in turn are subdivided into jamoats (village-level self-governing units) and then villages (qyshloqs). As of 2006[update], there were 58 districts and 367 jamoats in Tajikistan.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Tajikistan

text: consists

text: of

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: provinces

text: viloyat

text: of

text: Sughd

text: and

text: Khatlon

text: the

text: autonomous

text: province

text: of

text: Gorno

text: Badakhshan

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: GBAO

text: and

text: the

text: Region

text: of

text: Republican

text: Subordination

text: RRP

text: Raiony

text: Respublikanskogo

text: Podchineniya

text: in

text: transliteration

text: from

text: Russian

text: or

text: NTJ

text: Ноҳияҳои

text: тобеи

text: ҷумҳурӣ

text: in

text: Tajik

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Karotegin

text: Province

text: Each

text: region

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: several

text: districts

text: Tajik

text: Ноҳия

text: nohiya

text: or

text: raion

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: are

text: subdivided

text: into

text: jamoats

text: village

text: level

text: self

text: governing

text: units

text: and

text: then

text: villages

text: qyshloqs

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: districts

text: and

text: jamoats

text: in

text: Tajikistan

question: Which country consists of five administrative divisions?

text: Tajikistan

question: As of 2016, there were how many districts in Tajikistan?

question: Each what is divided into one district?

text: region

question: Jamboats are what?

text: village-level self-governing units

question: As of 2016, there were how many jamoats in Tajikistan?


text: Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suzanne Vega as "The mother of MP3". This particular track has an interesting property in that the two channels are almost, but not completely, the same, leading to a case where Binaural Masking Level Depression causes spatial unmasking of noise artifacts unless the encoder properly recognizes the situation and applies corrections similar to those detailed in the MPEG-2 AAC psychoacoustic model. Some more critical audio excerpts (glockenspiel, triangle, accordion, etc.) were taken from the EBU V3/SQAM reference compact disc and have been used by professional sound engineers to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG Audio formats.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Karlheinz

text: Brandenburg

text: used

text: a

text: CD

text: recording

text: of

text: Suzanne

text: Vega

text: 's

text: song

text: Tom

text: 's

text: Diner

text: to

text: assess

text: and

text: refine

text: the

text: compression

text: algorithm

text: This

text: song

text: was

text: chosen

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: nearly

text: monophonic

text: nature

text: and

text: wide

text: spectral

text: content

text: making

text: it

text: easier

text: to

text: hear

text: imperfections

text: in

text: the

text: compression

text: format

text: during

text: playbacks

text: Some

text: refer

text: to

text: Suzanne

text: Vega

text: as

text: The

text: mother

text: of

text: This

text: particular

text: track

text: has

text: an

text: interesting

text: property

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: channels

text: are

text: almost

text: but

text: not

text: completely

text: the

text: same

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: case

text: where

text: Binaural

text: Masking

text: Level

text: Depression

text: causes

text: spatial

text: unmasking

text: of

text: noise

text: artifacts

text: unless

text: the

text: encoder

text: properly

text: recognizes

text: the

text: situation

text: and

text: applies

text: corrections

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: detailed

text: in

text: the

text: AAC

text: psychoacoustic

text: model

text: Some

text: more

text: critical

text: audio

text: excerpts

text: glockenspiel

text: triangle

text: accordion

text: etc

text: were

text: taken

text: from

text: the

text: EBU

text: reference

text: compact

text: disc

text: and

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: professional

text: sound

text: engineers

text: to

text: assess

text: the

text: subjective

text: quality

text: of

text: the

text: MPEG

text: Audio

text: formats

question: What type of recording did Brandenburg use?

answer: CD

text: CD

question: What did Brandenburg use the recording to refine?

answer: the MP3 compression algorithm

text: the MP3 compression algorithm

question: What word describes the nature of the song used?

answer: monophonic

text: monophonic

question: As a result of her song being used, Suzanne Vega is sometimes referred to as what?

answer: The mother of MP3

text: The mother of MP3

question: Excerpts were taken from which reference compact disc to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG audio formats?

answer: EBU V3/SQAM

text: EBU V3/SQAM


text: The Head of State of Portugal is the President of the Republic, elected to a five-year term by direct, universal suffrage. He or she has also supervision and reserve powers. These powers are often compared[by whom?] with the "moderator power" that was held by the King in the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy.[citation needed] Presidential powers include the appointment of the Prime Minister and the other members of the Government (where the President takes into account the results of legislative elections); dismissing the Prime Minister; dissolving the Assembly of the Republic (to call early elections); vetoing legislation (which may be overridden by the Assembly with a supermajority); and declaring a state of war or siege. The President is also the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: of

text: Portugal

text: is

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: elected

text: to

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: term

text: by

text: direct

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: He

text: or

text: she

text: has

text: also

text: supervision

text: and

text: reserve

text: powers

text: These

text: powers

text: are

text: often

text: compared[by

text: whom

text: with

text: the

text: moderator

text: power

text: that

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: King

text: in

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Constitutional

text: Monarchy.[citation

text: needed

text: Presidential

text: powers

text: include

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: where

text: the

text: President

text: takes

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: legislative

text: elections

text: dismissing

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: dissolving

text: the

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: to

text: call

text: early

text: elections

text: vetoing

text: legislation

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: overridden

text: by

text: the

text: Assembly

text: with

text: a

text: supermajority

text: and

text: declaring

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: war

text: or

text: siege

text: The

text: President

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: ex

text: officio

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

question: Who is the Head of State of Portugal?

answer: President of the Republic

text: President of the Republic

question: For how many years does each term of the President of the Republic last?

answer: five

text: five

question: By what means is the President of the Republic elected?

answer: by direct, universal suffrage

text: by direct, universal suffrage

question: Who has the power to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister?

answer: President of the Republic

text: President of the Republic


text: Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Adult

text: contemporary

text: music

text: AC

text: is

text: a

text: style

text: of

text: music

text: ranging

text: from

text: vocal

text: and

text: soft

text: rock

text: music

text: to

text: predominantly

text: ballad

text: heavy

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: with

text: varying

text: degrees

text: of

text: easy

text: listening

text: pop

text: soul

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: quiet

text: storm

text: and

text: rock

text: influence

text: Adult

text: contemporary

text: is

text: rather

text: a

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: easy

text: listening

text: and

text: soft

text: rock

text: style

text: that

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: some

text: adjustments

text: that

text: reflect

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: pop

text: rock

text: music

question: Along with pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock, what musical style influenced adult contemporary?

answer: easy listening

text: easy listening

question: What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s?

answer: soft rock

text: soft rock

question: What type of adult contemporary music was popular in the 1960s?

answer: vocal

text: vocal

question: What does the acronym AC stand for?

answer: Adult contemporary

text: Adult contemporary

question: Along with easy listening, adult contemporary is a modern day continuation of what style of music?

answer: soft rock

text: soft rock


text: In 2003, Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey defended a client from a trademark dispute using the Archive's Wayback Machine. The attorneys were able to demonstrate that the claims made by the plaintiff were invalid, based on the content of their web site from several years prior. The plaintiff, Healthcare Advocates, then amended their complaint to include the Internet Archive, accusing the organization of copyright infringement as well as violations of the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. Healthcare Advocates claimed that, since they had installed a robots.txt file on their web site, even if after the initial lawsuit was filed, the Archive should have removed all previous copies of the plaintiff web site from the Wayback Machine. The lawsuit was settled out of court.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: In

text: Harding

text: Earley

text: Follmer

text: Frailey

text: defended

text: a

text: client

text: from

text: a

text: trademark

text: dispute

text: using

text: the

text: Archive

text: 's

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: The

text: attorneys

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: claims

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: plaintiff

text: were

text: invalid

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: content

text: of

text: their

text: web

text: site

text: from

text: several

text: years

text: prior

text: The

text: plaintiff

text: Healthcare

text: Advocates

text: then

text: amended

text: their

text: complaint

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: Internet

text: Archive

text: accusing

text: the

text: organization

text: of

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: violations

text: of

text: the

text: DMCA

text: and

text: the

text: Computer

text: Fraud

text: and

text: Abuse

text: Act

text: Healthcare

text: Advocates

text: claimed

text: that

text: since

text: they

text: had

text: installed

text: a

text: robots.txt

text: file

text: on

text: their

text: web

text: site

text: even

text: if

text: after

text: the

text: initial

text: lawsuit

text: was

text: filed

text: the

text: Archive

text: should

text: have

text: removed

text: all

text: previous

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: plaintiff

text: web

text: site

text: from

text: the

text: Wayback

text: Machine

text: The

text: lawsuit

text: was

text: settled

text: out

text: of

text: court

question: Which law firm leveraged Wayback Machine to protect their client in 2003?

answer: Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey

text: Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey

question: Which company filed suit against Harding, Earley, Follmer & Frailey's client?

answer: Healthcare Advocates

text: Healthcare Advocates

question: Who did Healthcare advocates change their case to include as a defendant?

answer: Internet Archive

text: Internet Archive

question: What laws did Healthcare Advocates accuse Internet Archive of having broken?

answer: the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

text: the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

question: Which law firm leveaged the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to protect their client in 2003?

text: Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey

question: Which company filed suit against Harding Early Follmer & Frailey?

text: Healthcare Advocates

question: Who did Healthcare advocates change their case to include as a plaintiff?

text: Internet Archive

question: What laws did Healthcare Advocates accuse Early Follmer & Frailey of having broken?

question: What should Early Follmer & Frailey have removed?


text: A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: A

text: generation

text: later

text: the

text: Irish

text: Anglican

text: bishop

text: George

text: Berkeley

text: determined

text: that

text: Locke

text: 's

text: view

text: immediately

text: opened

text: a

text: door

text: that

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: eventual

text: atheism

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: Locke

text: he

text: put

text: forth

text: in

text: his

text: Treatise

text: Concerning

text: the

text: Principles

text: of

text: Human

text: Knowledge

text: an

text: important

text: challenge

text: to

text: empiricism

text: in

text: which

text: things

text: only

text: exist

text: either

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: their

text: being

text: perceived

text: or

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: an

text: entity

text: doing

text: the

text: perceiving

text: For

text: Berkeley

text: God

text: fills

text: in

text: for

text: humans

text: by

text: doing

text: the

text: perceiving

text: whenever

text: humans

text: are

text: not

text: around

text: to

text: do

text: it

text: In

text: his

text: text

text: Alciphron

text: Berkeley

text: maintained

text: that

text: any

text: order

text: humans

text: may

text: see

text: in

text: nature

text: is

text: the

text: language

text: or

text: handwriting

text: of

text: God

text: Berkeley

text: 's

text: approach

text: to

text: empiricism

text: would

text: later

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: subjective

text: idealism

question: Who wrote 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge'?

answer: George Berkeley

text: George Berkeley

question: When was 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge' published?

answer: 1710

question: What religion was George Berkeley?

answer: Anglican

text: Anglican

question: What nationality was George Berkeley?

answer: Irish

text: Irish

question: Who wrote 'Alciphron'?

answer: George Berkeley

text: George Berkeley

question: When was Alciphron published?

question: What was Locke's religion?

text: Anglican

question: Who responded to George Berkeley?

text: Locke

question: Whom did Locke claim created order?

text: God


text: The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: came

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: entire

text: Mediterranean

text: basin

text: in

text: a

text: vast

text: empire

text: based

text: on

text: Roman

text: law

text: and

text: Roman

text: legions

text: It

text: promoted

text: trade

text: tolerance

text: and

text: Greek

text: culture

text: By

text: AD

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: based

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: based

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: The

text: attacks

text: of

text: the

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: of

text: northern

text: Europe

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: AD

text: a

text: date

text: which

text: traditionally

text: marks

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

question: Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?

answer: Constantinople

text: Constantinople

question: Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?

answer: Germanic

text: Germanic

question: What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?

answer: AD 476

text: AD 476

question: By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?

answer: 300 AD

text: 300 AD

question: What empire dominated northern Europe?

text: The Roman Empire

question: Where was the headquarters of the northern Roman Empire?

text: Rome

question: Where were the headquarters of the Germanic Roman Empire?

text: Constantinople

question: Which tribes built up the Western Roman Empire?

text: Germanic

question: By what year was the Germanic Empire split into two sections?

text: 300 AD


text: Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the times: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir and others. The French Revolution and political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris was central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault. Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements all evolved in Paris. In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907. Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: was

text: in

text: its

text: artistic

text: prime

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: had

text: a

text: colony

text: of

text: artists

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: in

text: art

text: schools

text: associated

text: with

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: painters

text: of

text: the

text: times

text: Manet

text: Monet

text: Berthe

text: Morisot

text: Gauguin

text: Renoir

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: change

text: in

text: France

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: influence

text: on

text: art

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: Paris

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Romanticism

text: in

text: art

text: with

text: painters

text: such

text: as

text: Gericault

text: Impressionism

text: Art

text: Nouveau

text: Symbolism

text: Fauvism

text: Cubism

text: and

text: Art

text: Deco

text: movements

text: all

text: evolved

text: in

text: Paris

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: many

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: provinces

text: and

text: worldwide

text: flocked

text: to

text: Paris

text: to

text: exhibit

text: their

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: numerous

text: salons

text: and

text: expositions

text: and

text: make

text: a

text: name

text: for

text: themselves

text: Artists

text: such

text: as

text: Pablo

text: Picasso

text: Henri

text: Matisse

text: Vincent

text: van

text: Gogh

text: Paul

text: Cézanne

text: Jean

text: Metzinger

text: Albert

text: Gleizes

text: Henri

text: Rousseau

text: Marc

text: Chagall

text: Amedeo

text: Modigliani

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: Paris

text: Picasso

text: living

text: in

text: Montmartre

text: painted

text: his

text: famous

text: La

text: Famille

text: de

text: Saltimbanques

text: and

text: Les

text: Demoiselles

text: d'Avignon

text: between

text: and

text: Montmartre

text: and

text: Montparnasse

text: became

text: centres

text: for

text: artistic

text: production

question: What type of art did Paris help develop with painters like Gericault?

answer: Romanticism

text: Romanticism

question: In what town did Picasso live?

answer: Montmartre

text: Montmartre

question: What two towns were pinnacle for artistic production?

answer: Montmartre and Montparnasse

text: Montmartre and Montparnasse

question: Between what two years did Picasso paint La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

answer: 1905 and 1907

text: 1905 and 1907


text: A PM motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque. Compensating windings in series with the armature may be used on large motors to improve commutation under load. Because this field is fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control. PM fields (stators) are convenient in miniature motors to eliminate the power consumption of the field winding. Most larger DC motors are of the "dynamo" type, which have stator windings. Historically, PMs could not be made to retain high flux if they were disassembled; field windings were more practical to obtain the needed amount of flux. However, large PMs are costly, as well as dangerous and difficult to assemble; this favors wound fields for large machines.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: A

text: PM

text: motor

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: field

text: winding

text: on

text: the

text: stator

text: frame

text: instead

text: relying

text: on

text: PMs

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: magnetic

text: field

text: against

text: which

text: the

text: rotor

text: field

text: interacts

text: to

text: produce

text: torque

text: Compensating

text: windings

text: in

text: series

text: with

text: the

text: armature

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: large

text: motors

text: to

text: improve

text: commutation

text: under

text: load

text: Because

text: this

text: field

text: is

text: fixed

text: it

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: adjusted

text: for

text: speed

text: control

text: PM

text: fields

text: stators

text: are

text: convenient

text: in

text: miniature

text: motors

text: to

text: eliminate

text: the

text: power

text: consumption

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: winding

text: Most

text: larger

text: DC

text: motors

text: are

text: of

text: the

text: dynamo

text: type

text: which

text: have

text: stator

text: windings

text: Historically

text: PMs

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: made

text: to

text: retain

text: high

text: flux

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: disassembled

text: field

text: windings

text: were

text: more

text: practical

text: to

text: obtain

text: the

text: needed

text: amount

text: of

text: flux

text: However

text: large

text: PMs

text: are

text: costly

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: dangerous

text: and

text: difficult

text: to

text: assemble

text: this

text: favors

text: wound

text: fields

text: for

text: large

text: machines

question: What can a PM motor not be adjusted for?

answer: speed control

text: speed control

question: What is another name for PM fields?

answer: stators

text: stators

question: What design feature does a PM motor lack?

answer: field winding

text: field winding

question: What do field windings provide?

answer: flux

text: flux

question: What can a PMM motor not be adjusted for?

text: produce torque

question: What is another name for PMM fields?

text: dynamo

question: What design feature does a PMM motor lack?

text: field winding

question: What don't field windings provide?

text: flux


text: In a further refinement of the direct use of probabilistic modelling, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called arithmetic coding. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a finite-state machine to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of input data symbols. It can achieve superior compression to other techniques such as the better-known Huffman algorithm. It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols. Arithmetic coding applies especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the statistics vary and are context-dependent, as it can be easily coupled with an adaptive model of the probability distribution of the input data. An early example of the use of arithmetic coding was its use as an optional (but not widely used) feature of the JPEG image coding standard. It has since been applied in various other designs including H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC for video coding.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: In

text: a

text: further

text: refinement

text: of

text: the

text: direct

text: use

text: of

text: probabilistic

text: modelling

text: statistical

text: estimates

text: can

text: be

text: coupled

text: to

text: an

text: algorithm

text: called

text: arithmetic

text: coding

text: Arithmetic

text: coding

text: is

text: a

text: more

text: modern

text: coding

text: technique

text: that

text: uses

text: the

text: mathematical

text: calculations

text: of

text: a

text: finite

text: state

text: machine

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: string

text: of

text: encoded

text: bits

text: from

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: input

text: data

text: symbols

text: It

text: can

text: achieve

text: superior

text: compression

text: to

text: other

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: better

text: known

text: Huffman

text: algorithm

text: It

text: uses

text: an

text: internal

text: memory

text: state

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: perform

text: a

text: one

text: to

text: one

text: mapping

text: of

text: individual

text: input

text: symbols

text: to

text: distinct

text: representations

text: that

text: use

text: an

text: integer

text: number

text: of

text: bits

text: and

text: it

text: clears

text: out

text: the

text: internal

text: memory

text: only

text: after

text: encoding

text: the

text: entire

text: string

text: of

text: data

text: symbols

text: Arithmetic

text: coding

text: applies

text: especially

text: well

text: to

text: adaptive

text: data

text: compression

text: tasks

text: where

text: the

text: statistics

text: vary

text: and

text: are

text: context

text: dependent

text: as

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: easily

text: coupled

text: with

text: an

text: adaptive

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: probability

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: input

text: data

text: An

text: early

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: arithmetic

text: coding

text: was

text: its

text: use

text: as

text: an

text: optional

text: but

text: not

text: widely

text: used

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: JPEG

text: image

text: coding

text: standard

text: It

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: applied

text: in

text: various

text: other

text: designs

text: including

text: AVC

text: and

text: HEVC

text: for

text: video

text: coding

question: What can be paired with an algorithm called arithmetic coding?

answer: statistical estimates

text: statistical estimates

question: What can achieve superior compression?

answer: Arithmetic coding

text: Arithmetic coding

question: What uses an internal memory state?

answer: Huffman algorithm

text: Huffman algorithm

question: What can e paired with adaptive data called arithmetic coding?

text: statistical estimates

question: What can achieve superior internal memory state?

text: Arithmetic coding

question: What uses a JPEG memory state?

text: Huffman algorithm

question: What applies well to coding standard compression tasks?

text: Arithmetic coding

question: What were early examples of probability distribution applied in?


text: Eisenhower, as well as the officers and troops under him, had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations, and their skills had all strengthened in preparation for the next most difficult campaign against the Germans—a beach landing assault. His first struggles, however, were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with De Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord. Admiral Ernest J. King fought with Eisenhower over King's refusal to provide additional landing craft from the Pacific. He also insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic air forces to facilitate Overlord, to the point of threatening to resign unless Churchill relented, as he did. Eisenhower then designed a bombing plan in France in advance of Overlord and argued with Churchill over the latter's concern with civilian casualties; de Gaulle interjected that the casualties were justified in shedding the yoke of the Germans, and Eisenhower prevailed. He also had to skillfully manage to retain the services of the often unruly George S. Patton, by severely reprimanding him when Patton earlier had slapped a subordinate, and then when Patton gave a speech in which he made improper comments about postwar policy.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: officers

text: and

text: troops

text: under

text: him

text: had

text: learned

text: valuable

text: lessons

text: in

text: their

text: previous

text: operations

text: and

text: their

text: skills

text: had

text: all

text: strengthened

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: most

text: difficult

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: Germans

text: a

text: beach

text: landing

text: assault

text: His

text: first

text: struggles

text: however

text: were

text: with

text: Allied

text: leaders

text: and

text: officers

text: on

text: matters

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: Normandy

text: invasion

text: he

text: argued

text: with

text: Roosevelt

text: over

text: an

text: essential

text: agreement

text: with

text: De

text: Gaulle

text: to

text: use

text: French

text: resistance

text: forces

text: in

text: covert

text: and

text: sabotage

text: operations

text: against

text: the

text: Germans

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: Overlord

text: Admiral

text: Ernest

text: J.

text: King

text: fought

text: with

text: Eisenhower

text: over

text: King

text: 's

text: refusal

text: to

text: provide

text: additional

text: landing

text: craft

text: from

text: the

text: Pacific

text: He

text: also

text: insisted

text: that

text: the

text: British

text: give

text: him

text: exclusive

text: command

text: over

text: all

text: strategic

text: air

text: forces

text: to

text: facilitate

text: Overlord

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: threatening

text: to

text: resign

text: unless

text: Churchill

text: relented

text: as

text: he

text: did

text: Eisenhower

text: then

text: designed

text: a

text: bombing

text: plan

text: in

text: France

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: Overlord

text: and

text: argued

text: with

text: Churchill

text: over

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: concern

text: with

text: civilian

text: casualties

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: interjected

text: that

text: the

text: casualties

text: were

text: justified

text: in

text: shedding

text: the

text: yoke

text: of

text: the

text: Germans

text: and

text: Eisenhower

text: prevailed

text: He

text: also

text: had

text: to

text: skillfully

text: manage

text: to

text: retain

text: the

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: often

text: unruly

text: George

text: S.

text: Patton

text: by

text: severely

text: reprimanding

text: him

text: when

text: Patton

text: earlier

text: had

text: slapped

text: a

text: subordinate

text: and

text: then

text: when

text: Patton

text: gave

text: a

text: speech

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: made

text: improper

text: comments

text: about

text: postwar

text: policy

question: Who refused to provide Eisenhower with landing craft?

answer: Ernest J. King

text: Ernest J. King

question: What concern did Churchill have in regard to Eisenhower's pre-invasion bombing plan?

answer: civilian casualties

text: civilian casualties

question: What did Patton do that first caused Eisenhower to reprimand him?

answer: slapped a subordinate

text: slapped a subordinate

question: What were the French resistance to be used for in advance of the invasion of France?

answer: covert and sabotage operations

text: covert and sabotage operations

question: Who was the leader of French forces in this period?

answer: de Gaulle

text: de Gaulle


text: Xbox Live Arcade is an online service operated by Microsoft that is used to distribute downloadable video games to Xbox and Xbox 360 owners. In addition to classic arcade games such as Ms. Pac-Man, the service offers some new original games like Assault Heroes. The Xbox Live Arcade also features games from other consoles, such as the PlayStation game Castlevania: Symphony of the Night and PC games such as Zuma. The service was first launched on November 3, 2004, using a DVD to load, and offered games for about US$5 to $15. Items are purchased using Microsoft Points, a proprietary currency used to reduce credit card transaction charges. On November 22, 2005, Xbox Live Arcade was re-launched with the release of the Xbox 360, in which it was now integrated with the Xbox 360's dashboard. The games are generally aimed toward more casual gamers; examples of the more popular titles are Geometry Wars, Street Fighter II' Hyper Fighting, and Uno. On March 24, 2010, Microsoft introduced the Game Room to Xbox Live. Game Room is a gaming service for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows that lets players compete in classic arcade and console games in a virtual arcade.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Arcade

text: is

text: an

text: online

text: service

text: operated

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: distribute

text: downloadable

text: video

text: games

text: to

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Xbox

text: owners

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: classic

text: arcade

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: Ms.

text: Pac

text: Man

text: the

text: service

text: offers

text: some

text: new

text: original

text: games

text: like

text: Assault

text: Heroes

text: The

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Arcade

text: also

text: features

text: games

text: from

text: other

text: consoles

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: game

text: Castlevania

text: Symphony

text: of

text: the

text: Night

text: and

text: PC

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: Zuma

text: The

text: service

text: was

text: first

text: launched

text: on

text: November

text: using

text: a

text: DVD

text: to

text: load

text: and

text: offered

text: games

text: for

text: about

text: US$

text: to

text: Items

text: are

text: purchased

text: using

text: Microsoft

text: Points

text: a

text: proprietary

text: currency

text: used

text: to

text: reduce

text: credit

text: card

text: transaction

text: charges

text: On

text: November

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Arcade

text: was

text: re

text: launched

text: with

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: Xbox

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: now

text: integrated

text: with

text: the

text: Xbox

text: 's

text: dashboard

text: The

text: games

text: are

text: generally

text: aimed

text: toward

text: more

text: casual

text: gamers

text: examples

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: popular

text: titles

text: are

text: Geometry

text: Wars

text: Street

text: Fighter

text: II

text: Hyper

text: Fighting

text: and

text: Uno

text: On

text: March

text: Microsoft

text: introduced

text: the

text: Game

text: Room

text: to

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: Game

text: Room

text: is

text: a

text: gaming

text: service

text: for

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: that

text: lets

text: players

text: compete

text: in

text: classic

text: arcade

text: and

text: console

text: games

text: in

text: a

text: virtual

text: arcade

question: What was a classic title originally offered by the Xbox Live Arcade?

answer: Ms. Pac-Man

text: Ms. Pac-Man

question: What was a new, original title originally available from Arcade?

answer: Assault Heroes

text: Assault Heroes

question: What date did the Xbox Live Arcade launch on?

answer: November 3, 2004

text: November 3, 2004

question: When was Arcade Live relaunched with 360 support?

answer: November 22, 2005

text: November 22, 2005

question: What is the name of the online virtual arcade that launched in 2010?

answer: Game Room

text: Game Room

question: How much did the game Zuma cost?

question: What Playstation game was included in 2010?

text: Castlevania: Symphony

question: What games were released as part of the Game Room?

question: How much was Castlevania: Symphony sold for?

question: When was Xbox Live Arcade decommissioned?

text: November 22, 2005


text: Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617, one of the earliest photo-electric exposure meters, in August 1932. The meter and film rating system were invented by William Nelson Goodwin, Jr., who worked for them and later received a Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to engineering.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: Before

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: the

text: ASA

text: system

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: Weston

text: film

text: speed

text: ratings

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: Edward

text: Faraday

text: Weston

text: and

text: his

text: father

text: Dr.

text: Edward

text: Weston

text: a

text: British

text: born

text: electrical

text: engineer

text: industrialist

text: and

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: based

text: Weston

text: Electrical

text: Instrument

text: Corporation

text: with

text: the

text: Weston

text: model

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: photo

text: electric

text: exposure

text: meters

text: in

text: August

text: The

text: meter

text: and

text: film

text: rating

text: system

text: were

text: invented

text: by

text: William

text: Nelson

text: Goodwin

text: Jr.

text: who

text: worked

text: for

text: them

text: and

text: later

text: received

text: a

text: Howard

text: N.

text: Potts

text: Medal

text: for

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: engineering

question: What system was used previous to the ASA system?

answer: the system of Weston film speed ratings

text: the system of Weston film speed ratings

question: Who devised the Weston film speed ratings?

answer: Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936)

text: Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936)

question: What company did Dr. Edward Weston start?

answer: the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation

text: the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation

question: When was the Weston model 617 created?

answer: August 1932

text: August 1932

question: Who is credited with creating the film and meter system?

answer: William Nelson Goodwin, Jr.

text: William Nelson Goodwin, Jr.

question: Who introduced the ASA system?

text: Edward Faraday Weston

question: When was the ASA system introduced?

text: August 1932

question: When was William Nelson Goodwin Jr. born?

question: What medal did Edward Faraday Weston win?

text: Howard N. Potts Medal

question: What did Howard N. Potts invent in 1932?

text: the system of Weston film speed ratings


text: Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developmental biology). The work is both in vivo and in silico.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: Since

text: genomes

text: are

text: very

text: complex

text: one

text: research

text: strategy

text: is

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: genes

text: in

text: a

text: genome

text: to

text: the

text: bare

text: minimum

text: and

text: still

text: have

text: the

text: organism

text: in

text: question

text: survive

text: There

text: is

text: experimental

text: work

text: being

text: done

text: on

text: minimal

text: genomes

text: for

text: single

text: cell

text: organisms

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: minimal

text: genomes

text: for

text: multi

text: cellular

text: organisms

text: see

text: Developmental

text: biology

text: The

text: work

text: is

text: both

text: in

text: vivo

text: and

text: in

text: silico

question: What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?

answer: minimal genomes

text: minimal genomes

question: In what experimental contexts are experiments being carried out on minimal genomes?

answer: in vivo and in silico

text: in vivo and in silico

question: What is a research strategy to understand silico?

question: What is being done on single cell silico?

text: experimental work

question: In what two ways are experiments being carried out to understand how genes survive?

text: in vivo and in silico

question: What do scientists want a silico to do in the experiment?

text: survive

question: What are scientists studying to understand how they survive a reduction in silico?

text: genomes


text: Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra. Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused. Chinese officials labeled it a rumor. Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators, following a call by the Chinese Students and Scholars Association for Chinese Australian students to "go defend our sacred torch" against "ethnic degenerate scum and anti-China separatists". Tony Goh, chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations, has said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus, to support the torch relay. Zhang Rongan, a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations, told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators, and helping them organise a "peaceful show of strength". Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Following

text: the

text: events

text: in

text: Olympia

text: there

text: were

text: reports

text: that

text: China

text: requested

text: permission

text: to

text: deploy

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Army

text: personnel

text: along

text: the

text: relay

text: route

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: flame

text: in

text: Canberra

text: Australian

text: authorities

text: stated

text: that

text: such

text: a

text: request

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: would

text: be

text: refused

text: Chinese

text: officials

text: labeled

text: it

text: a

text: rumor

text: Australian

text: police

text: have

text: been

text: given

text: powers

text: to

text: search

text: relay

text: spectators

text: following

text: a

text: call

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Students

text: and

text: Scholars

text: Association

text: for

text: Chinese

text: Australian

text: students

text: to

text: go

text: defend

text: our

text: sacred

text: torch

text: against

text: ethnic

text: degenerate

text: scum

text: and

text: anti

text: China

text: separatists

text: Tony

text: Goh

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Council

text: of

text: Chinese

text: Organisations

text: has

text: said

text: the

text: ACCO

text: would

text: be

text: taking

text: thousands

text: of

text: pro

text: Beijing

text: demonstrators

text: to

text: Canberra

text: by

text: bus

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: Zhang

text: Rongan

text: a

text: Chinese

text: Australian

text: student

text: organising

text: pro

text: Beijing

text: demonstrations

text: told

text: the

text: press

text: that

text: Chinese

text: diplomats

text: were

text: assisting

text: with

text: the

text: organization

text: of

text: buses

text: meals

text: and

text: accommodation

text: for

text: pro

text: Beijing

text: demonstrators

text: and

text: helping

text: them

text: organise

text: a

text: peaceful

text: show

text: of

text: strength

text: Foreign

text: Minister

text: Stephen

text: Smith

text: said

text: Chinese

text: officials

text: were

text: urging

text: supporters

text: to

text: turn

text: up

text: and

text: put

text: a

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: but

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: no

text: objection

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: they

text: remained

text: peaceful

question: Who did the Chinese want to deploy to Canberra to protect the flame?

answer: People's Liberation Army personnel

text: People's Liberation Army personnel

question: Chinese Australian students were told to defend what against scum and separatists?

answer: sacred torch

text: sacred torch

question: Who was the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations?

answer: Tony Goh

text: Tony Goh

question: Who was the Foreign Minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful?

answer: Stephen Smith

text: Stephen Smith

question: What group did China want along the relay route in Canberra?

answer: People's Liberation Army

text: People's Liberation Army

question: Who was given permission to search attendees of the relay?

answer: Australian police

text: Australian police

question: Who said that thousands of pro-Beijing supporters would be bused in?

answer: Tony Goh

text: Tony Goh

question: Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a "peaceful show of strength"?

answer: Zhang Rongan

text: Zhang Rongan

question: Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?

answer: Stephen Smith

text: Stephen Smith


text: Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean. It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999. Consequently, it has both influenced and been influenced by cultures from former colonies or dependencies, resulting in immigration from these former territories for both economic and/or personal reasons. Portugal, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry), has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961), African (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories. An estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in 1975. By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: colonial

text: history

text: has

text: long

text: since

text: been

text: a

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: its

text: national

text: identity

text: as

text: has

text: its

text: geographic

text: position

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: corner

text: of

text: Europe

text: looking

text: out

text: into

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: western

text: colonial

text: European

text: powers

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: its

text: overseas

text: territories

text: among

text: them

text: Angola

text: and

text: Mozambique

text: in

text: turning

text: over

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: Macau

text: to

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Consequently

text: it

text: has

text: both

text: influenced

text: and

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: cultures

text: from

text: former

text: colonies

text: or

text: dependencies

text: resulting

text: in

text: immigration

text: from

text: these

text: former

text: territories

text: for

text: both

text: economic

text: and/or

text: personal

text: reasons

text: Portugal

text: long

text: a

text: country

text: of

text: emigration

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: Brazilians

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: ancestry

text: has

text: now

text: become

text: a

text: country

text: of

text: net

text: immigration

text: and

text: not

text: just

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: Indian

text: Portuguese

text: until

text: African

text: Portuguese

text: until

text: and

text: Far

text: East

text: Asian

text: Portuguese

text: until

text: overseas

text: territories

text: An

text: estimated

text: Portuguese

text: returned

text: to

text: Portugal

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: African

text: possessions

text: gained

text: independence

text: in

text: By

text: Portugal

text: had

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: whom

text: about

text: were

text: legal

text: immigrants

question: What is the cornerstone of Portugal's national identity?

answer: colonial history

text: colonial history

question: Which ocean does Portugal border?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?

answer: Angola and Mozambique

text: Angola and Mozambique

question: The vast majority of Brazilians have what ancestry in common?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?

answer: 10,617,575


text: While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life. ("Please excuse my not mailing this," the letter concluded, "but I don't know your new address.") This portion of Feynman's life was portrayed in the 1996 film Infinity, which featured Feynman's daughter, Michelle, in a cameo role.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: While

text: pursuing

text: his

text: PhD

text: at

text: Princeton

text: Feynman

text: married

text: his

text: high

text: school

text: sweetheart

text: Arline

text: Greenbaum

text: often

text: misspelled

text: Arlene

text: despite

text: the

text: knowledge

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: seriously

text: ill

text: with

text: tuberculosis

text: an

text: incurable

text: disease

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: She

text: died

text: in

text: In

text: Feynman

text: wrote

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: her

text: expressing

text: his

text: deep

text: love

text: and

text: heartbreak

text: that

text: he

text: kept

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: Please

text: excuse

text: my

text: not

text: mailing

text: this

text: the

text: letter

text: concluded

text: but

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: your

text: new

text: address

text: This

text: portion

text: of

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: life

text: was

text: portrayed

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Infinity

text: which

text: featured

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Michelle

text: in

text: a

text: cameo

text: role

question: Who was Feynman's wife?

answer: Arline Greenbaum

text: Arline Greenbaum

question: Which disease did Arline succumb to?

answer: tuberculosis

text: tuberculosis

question: In which year did his wife die?

answer: 1945

question: Who played a cameo in a film about Feynman?

answer: Feynman's daughter, Michelle

text: Feynman's daughter, Michelle

question: What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life?

answer: Infinity

text: Infinity

question: Who was Feynman's ex-wife?

text: Arline Greenbaum

question: Which disease did Arline overcome?

text: tuberculosis

question: What year did Feynman's wife come back to life?

question: Who lost their role for a cameo in a film about Feynman?

text: Feynman's daughter, Michelle

question: What was the name of the TV show that showed Feynman's life?

text: Infinity


text: In June 1989, Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing Peter Main, said that the Famicom was present in 37% of Japan's households. By 1990, 30% of American households owned the NES, compared to 23% for all personal computers. By 1990, the NES had outsold all previously released consoles worldwide.[better source needed] The slogan for this brand was It can't be beaten. In Europe and South America, however, the NES was outsold by Sega's Master System, while the Nintendo Entertainment System was not available in the Soviet Union.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: In

text: June

text: Nintendo

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: vice

text: president

text: of

text: marketing

text: Peter

text: Main

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: Famicom

text: was

text: present

text: in

text: of

text: Japan

text: 's

text: households

text: By

text: of

text: American

text: households

text: owned

text: the

text: NES

text: compared

text: to

text: for

text: all

text: personal

text: computers

text: By

text: the

text: NES

text: had

text: outsold

text: all

text: previously

text: released

text: consoles

text: worldwide.[better

text: source

text: needed

text: The

text: slogan

text: for

text: this

text: brand

text: was

text: It

text: ca

text: n't

text: be

text: beaten

text: In

text: Europe

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: however

text: the

text: NES

text: was

text: outsold

text: by

text: Sega

text: 's

text: Master

text: System

text: while

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: was

text: not

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

question: In June 1989 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing?

answer: Peter Main

text: Peter Main

question: In 1990, what percentage of American households owned an NES?

answer: 30%

question: What was the slogan for the Nintendo brand?

answer: It can't be beaten

text: It can't be beaten

question: What outsold the NES in Europe and South America?

answer: Sega's Master System

text: Sega's Master System

question: Where was Nintendo not available?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: In June 1987 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing?

text: Peter Main

question: In 1990, what percentage of American households owned a SNES?

question: What wasn't the slogan for the Nintendo brand?

text: It can't be beaten

question: What outsold the NES in Europe and South Africa?

text: Sega's Master System

question: Where was Nintendo always available?

text: Soviet Union


text: New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: New

text: domestic

text: housing

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: today

text: is

text: commonly

text: made

text: from

text: timber

text: framed

text: construction

text: Engineered

text: wood

text: products

text: are

text: becoming

text: a

text: bigger

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: construction

text: industry

text: They

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: both

text: residential

text: and

text: commercial

text: buildings

text: as

text: structural

text: and

text: aesthetic

text: materials

question: What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world?

answer: timber-framed

text: timber-framed

question: In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components?

answer: commercial

text: commercial

question: Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood?

answer: structural

text: structural

question: What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products?

answer: construction

text: construction


text: On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the city. During the bombing raid, private Radoje Ljutovac fired his cannon at the enemy aircraft and successfully shot one down. It crashed in the city and both pilots died from their injuries. The cannon Ljutovac used was not designed as an anti-aircraft gun, it was a slightly modified Turkish cannon captured during the First Balkan War in 1912. This was the first occasion in military history that a military aircraft was shot down with ground-to-air fire.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: On

text: September

text: troops

text: of

text: the

text: Serbian

text: Army

text: observed

text: three

text: enemy

text: aircraft

text: approaching

text: Kragujevac

text: Soldiers

text: shot

text: at

text: them

text: with

text: shotguns

text: and

text: machine

text: guns

text: but

text: failed

text: to

text: prevent

text: them

text: from

text: dropping

text: bombs

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: hitting

text: military

text: installations

text: the

text: railway

text: station

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: mostly

text: civilian

text: targets

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: During

text: the

text: bombing

text: raid

text: private

text: Radoje

text: Ljutovac

text: fired

text: his

text: cannon

text: at

text: the

text: enemy

text: aircraft

text: and

text: successfully

text: shot

text: one

text: down

text: It

text: crashed

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: both

text: pilots

text: died

text: from

text: their

text: injuries

text: The

text: cannon

text: Ljutovac

text: used

text: was

text: not

text: designed

text: as

text: an

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: gun

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: slightly

text: modified

text: Turkish

text: cannon

text: captured

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: Balkan

text: War

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: occasion

text: in

text: military

text: history

text: that

text: a

text: military

text: aircraft

text: was

text: shot

text: down

text: with

text: ground

text: to

text: air

text: fire

question: When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac?

answer: 30 September 1915

text: 30 September 1915

question: How many bombs did the three aircraft drop on the city?

answer: 45

question: Which private shot down one aircraft with a cannon?

answer: Radoje Ljutovac

text: Radoje Ljutovac

question: What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down?

answer: both pilots died

text: both pilots died

question: Which war was the cannon used in prior to this event?

answer: First Balkan War in 1912

text: First Balkan War in 1912