text: Forbes magazine began reporting on Beyoncé's earnings in 2008, calculating that the $80 million earned between June 2007 to June 2008, for her music, tour, films and clothing line made her the world's best-paid music personality at the time, above Madonna and Celine Dion. They placed her fourth on the Celebrity 100 list in 2009 and ninth on the "Most Powerful Women in the World" list in 2010. The following year, Forbes placed her eighth on the "Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30" list, having earned $35 million in the past year for her clothing line and endorsement deals. In 2012, Forbes placed Beyoncé at number 16 on the Celebrity 100 list, twelve places lower than three years ago yet still having earned $40 million in the past year for her album 4, clothing line and endorsement deals. In the same year, Beyoncé and Jay Z placed at number one on the "World's Highest-Paid Celebrity Couples", for collectively earning $78 million. The couple made it into the previous year's Guinness World Records as the "highest-earning power couple" for collectively earning $122 million in 2009. For the years 2009 to 2011, Beyoncé earned an average of $70 million per year, and earned $40 million in 2012. In 2013, Beyoncé's endorsements of Pepsi and H&M made her and Jay Z the world's first billion dollar couple in the music industry. That year, Beyoncé was published as the fourth most-powerful celebrity in the Forbes rankings. MTV estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history; she succeeded to do so in April 2014. In June 2014, Beyoncé ranked at #1 on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, earning an estimated $115 million throughout June 2013 – June 2014. This in turn was the first time she had topped the Celebrity 100 list as well as being her highest yearly earnings to date. As of May 2015, her net worth is estimated to be $250 million.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: began

text: reporting

text: on

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: earnings

text: in

text: calculating

text: that

text: the

text: million

text: earned

text: between

text: June

text: to

text: June

text: for

text: her

text: music

text: tour

text: films

text: and

text: clothing

text: line

text: made

text: her

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: paid

text: music

text: personality

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: above

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Celine

text: Dion

text: They

text: placed

text: her

text: fourth

text: on

text: the

text: Celebrity

text: list

text: in

text: and

text: ninth

text: on

text: the

text: Most

text: Powerful

text: Women

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: list

text: in

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Forbes

text: placed

text: her

text: eighth

text: on

text: the

text: Best

text: Paid

text: Celebrities

text: Under

text: list

text: having

text: earned

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: year

text: for

text: her

text: clothing

text: line

text: and

text: endorsement

text: deals

text: In

text: Forbes

text: placed

text: Beyoncé

text: at

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Celebrity

text: list

text: twelve

text: places

text: lower

text: than

text: three

text: years

text: ago

text: yet

text: still

text: having

text: earned

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: year

text: for

text: her

text: album

text: clothing

text: line

text: and

text: endorsement

text: deals

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Jay

text: Z

text: placed

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: World

text: 's

text: Highest

text: Paid

text: Celebrity

text: Couples

text: for

text: collectively

text: earning

text: million

text: The

text: couple

text: made

text: it

text: into

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: 's

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Records

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: earning

text: power

text: couple

text: for

text: collectively

text: earning

text: million

text: in

text: For

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: Beyoncé

text: earned

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: million

text: per

text: year

text: and

text: earned

text: million

text: in

text: In

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: endorsements

text: of

text: Pepsi

text: and

text: H&M

text: made

text: her

text: and

text: Jay

text: Z

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: billion

text: dollar

text: couple

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: That

text: year

text: Beyoncé

text: was

text: published

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: powerful

text: celebrity

text: in

text: the

text: Forbes

text: rankings

text: MTV

text: estimated

text: that

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Beyoncé

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: highest

text: paid

text: black

text: musician

text: in

text: history

text: she

text: succeeded

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: in

text: April

text: In

text: June

text: Beyoncé

text: ranked

text: at

text: on

text: the

text: Forbes

text: Celebrity

text: list

text: earning

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: throughout

text: June

text: June

text: This

text: in

text: turn

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: she

text: had

text: topped

text: the

text: Celebrity

text: list

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: her

text: highest

text: yearly

text: earnings

text: to

text: date

text: As

text: of

text: May

text: her

text: net

text: worth

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: million

question: Beyonce beat out which musical artists for most paid between June 2007 and June 2008?

answer: Madonna and Celine Dion

text: Madonna and Celine Dion

question: Beyonce and Jay Z got a Guinness World record for what in 2009?

answer: highest-earning power couple

text: highest-earning power couple

question: Beyonce became the highest-paid black musician in which year?

answer: 2014

question: Up until May of 2015, how much is Beyonce's total worth?

answer: 250 million

text: 250 million

question: Between 2008 and 2009, which entertainers did Beyonce beat in earnings?

answer: Madonna and Celine Dion

text: Madonna and Celine Dion

question: In 2012 who placed Beyonce at 16 in the Celebrity List?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: When did she and Jay Z become the highest paid black celebrity couple?

answer: 2011

question: How much did she earn in 2014?

answer: 115 million

text: 115 million

question: What is Beyonce's net worth in 2015?

answer: 250 million

text: 250 million

question: Who began reporting Beyoncé's annual earnings, starting in 2008?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: When did Beyoncé become the highest paid black musician, ever?

answer: April 2014.

text: April 2014.

question: Who predicted that Beyoncé would become the highest paid black entertainer?

answer: MTV

text: MTV

question: When did Jay Z and Beyoncé become the first music couple worth over a billion dollars?

answer: 2013


text: Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical contexts such as anorexia nervosa. (Saunderson and O'Kane, 2005). Harré also conceptualises components of self/identity – the "person" (the unique being I am to myself and others) along with aspects of self (including a totality of attributes including beliefs about one's characteristics including life history), and the personal characteristics displayed to others.

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: Laing

text: 's

text: definition

text: of

text: identity

text: closely

text: follows

text: Erikson

text: 's

text: in

text: emphasising

text: the

text: past

text: present

text: and

text: future

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: experienced

text: self

text: He

text: also

text: develops

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: metaperspective

text: of

text: self

text: i.e.

text: the

text: self

text: 's

text: perception

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: 's

text: view

text: of

text: self

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: extremely

text: important

text: in

text: clinical

text: contexts

text: such

text: as

text: anorexia

text: nervosa

text: Saunderson

text: and

text: O'Kane

text: Harré

text: also

text: conceptualises

text: components

text: of

text: self

text: identity

text: the

text: person

text: the

text: unique

text: being

text: I

text: am

text: to

text: myself

text: and

text: others

text: along

text: with

text: aspects

text: of

text: self

text: including

text: a

text: totality

text: of

text: attributes

text: including

text: beliefs

text: about

text: one

text: 's

text: characteristics

text: including

text: life

text: history

text: and

text: the

text: personal

text: characteristics

text: displayed

text: to

text: others

question: Whose definition of identity closely follows Erikson's?

answer: Laing's

text: Laing's

question: One person's perception of another's perception is an example of what concept?

answer: metaperspective of self

text: metaperspective of self

question: The person, aspects of self, and personal characteristics displayed to others are components of what?

answer: self/identity

text: self/identity

question: Whose definition of identity closely follows Liang's

text: Erikson's

question: What concept is one person's perception of their own perception and example?

text: metaperspective of self

question: What term includes characteristics displayed towards others?

text: self/identity

question: What components of the experience itself did Erickson emphasize?

question: What is help others view you an important part of?

text: metaperspective of self


text: In Pennsylvania, there are over sixty summits that rise over 2,500 ft (800 m); the summits of Mount Davis and Blue Knob rise over 3,000 ft (900 m). In Maryland, Eagle Rock and Dans Mountain are conspicuous points reaching 3,162 ft (964 m) and 2,882 ft (878 m) respectively. On the same side of the Great Valley, south of the Potomac, are the Pinnacle 3,007 feet (917 m) and Pidgeon Roost 3,400 ft (1,000 m). In West Virginia, more than 150 peaks rise above 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Spruce Knob 4,863 ft (1,482 m), the highest point in the Allegheny Mountains. A number of other points in the state rise above 4,800 ft (1,500 m). Snowshoe Mountain at Thorny Flat 4,848 ft (1,478 m) and Bald Knob 4,842 ft (1,476 m) are among the more notable peaks in West Virginia.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: In

text: Pennsylvania

text: there

text: are

text: over

text: sixty

text: summits

text: that

text: rise

text: over

text: ft

text: m

text: the

text: summits

text: of

text: Mount

text: Davis

text: and

text: Blue

text: Knob

text: rise

text: over

text: ft

text: m

text: In

text: Maryland

text: Eagle

text: Rock

text: and

text: Dans

text: Mountain

text: are

text: conspicuous

text: points

text: reaching

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: ft

text: m

text: respectively

text: On

text: the

text: same

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Valley

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Potomac

text: are

text: the

text: Pinnacle

text: feet

text: m

text: and

text: Pidgeon

text: Roost

text: ft

text: m

text: In

text: West

text: Virginia

text: more

text: than

text: peaks

text: rise

text: above

text: ft

text: m

text: including

text: Spruce

text: Knob

text: ft

text: m

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: Mountains

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: rise

text: above

text: ft

text: m

text: Snowshoe

text: Mountain

text: at

text: Thorny

text: Flat

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: Bald

text: Knob

text: ft

text: m

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: more

text: notable

text: peaks

text: in

text: West

text: Virginia

question: How many summits in PA are over 2,500 ft?

answer: over sixty summits

text: over sixty summits

question: How tall are the summits of Mount Davis and Blue Knob?

answer: over 3,000 ft

text: over 3,000 ft

question: How tall are Eagle Rock and Dans Mountain?

answer: 3,162 ft (964 m) and 2,882 ft

text: 3,162 ft (964 m) and 2,882 ft

question: How tall is the Pinnacle?

answer: 3,007 feet

text: 3,007 feet

question: How many peaks are over 4,000 feet in WV?

answer: more than 150 peaks

text: more than 150 peaks

question: How many summits are over 2500 ft in Maryland?

text: over sixty

question: What mountains are on the opposite side of the Great Valley from Dans Mountain?

question: How many peaks are over 3000ft in West Virginia?

text: more than 150

question: Besides Snowshoe, what is the name of the other mountain at Thorny Flat?

text: Bald Knob

question: What is south of the Pinnacle?

text: Potomac


text: The Labour Party is considered to be left of centre. It was initially formed as a means for the trade union movement to establish political representation for itself at Westminster. It only gained a 'socialist' commitment with the original party constitution of 1918. That 'socialist' element, the original Clause IV, was seen by its strongest advocates as a straightforward commitment to the "common ownership", or nationalisation, of the "means of production, distribution and exchange". Although about a third of British industry was taken into public ownership after the Second World War, and remained so until the 1980s, the right of the party were questioning the validity of expanding on this objective by the late 1950s. Influenced by Anthony Crosland's book, The Future of Socialism (1956), the circle around party leader Hugh Gaitskell felt that the commitment was no longer necessary. While an attempt to remove Clause IV from the party constitution in 1959 failed, Tony Blair, and the 'modernisers' saw the issue as putting off potential voters, and were successful thirty-five years later, with only limited opposition from senior figures in the party.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: Labour

text: Party

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: left

text: of

text: centre

text: It

text: was

text: initially

text: formed

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: for

text: the

text: trade

text: union

text: movement

text: to

text: establish

text: political

text: representation

text: for

text: itself

text: at

text: Westminster

text: It

text: only

text: gained

text: a

text: socialist

text: commitment

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: party

text: constitution

text: of

text: That

text: socialist

text: element

text: the

text: original

text: Clause

text: IV

text: was

text: seen

text: by

text: its

text: strongest

text: advocates

text: as

text: a

text: straightforward

text: commitment

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: ownership

text: or

text: nationalisation

text: of

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: production

text: distribution

text: and

text: exchange

text: Although

text: about

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: British

text: industry

text: was

text: taken

text: into

text: public

text: ownership

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: remained

text: so

text: until

text: the

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: were

text: questioning

text: the

text: validity

text: of

text: expanding

text: on

text: this

text: objective

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Influenced

text: by

text: Anthony

text: Crosland

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Future

text: of

text: Socialism

text: the

text: circle

text: around

text: party

text: leader

text: Hugh

text: Gaitskell

text: felt

text: that

text: the

text: commitment

text: was

text: no

text: longer

text: necessary

text: While

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: remove

text: Clause

text: IV

text: from

text: the

text: party

text: constitution

text: in

text: failed

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: and

text: the

text: modernisers

text: saw

text: the

text: issue

text: as

text: putting

text: off

text: potential

text: voters

text: and

text: were

text: successful

text: thirty

text: five

text: years

text: later

text: with

text: only

text: limited

text: opposition

text: from

text: senior

text: figures

text: in

text: the

text: party

question: What party is considered right of centre?

text: Labour

question: Why was the Conservative Party formed?

question: What year did the Conservative Party gain a socialist commitment?

question: How much of British industry was taken into private ownership?

text: third

question: When did the attempt to remove clause IV succeed?


text: Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Poribacteria may be exceptions to the general absence of internal membranes in bacteria, because they appear to have a double membrane around their nucleoids and contain other membrane-bound cellular structures. Like all living organisms, bacteria contain ribosomes, often grouped in chains called polyribosomes, for the production of proteins, but the structure of the bacterial ribosome is different from that of eukaryotes and Archaea. Bacterial ribosomes have a sedimentation rate of 70S (measured in Svedberg units): their subunits have rates of 30S and 50S. Some antibiotics bind specifically to 70S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Those antibiotics kill bacteria without affecting the larger 80S ribosomes of eukaryotic cells and without harming the host.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Bacteria

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: membrane

text: bound

text: nucleus

text: and

text: their

text: genetic

text: material

text: is

text: typically

text: a

text: single

text: circular

text: DNA

text: chromosome

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: in

text: an

text: irregularly

text: shaped

text: body

text: called

text: the

text: nucleoid

text: The

text: nucleoid

text: contains

text: the

text: chromosome

text: with

text: its

text: associated

text: proteins

text: and

text: RNA

text: The

text: phylum

text: Planctomycetes

text: and

text: candidate

text: phylum

text: Poribacteria

text: may

text: be

text: exceptions

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: absence

text: of

text: internal

text: membranes

text: in

text: bacteria

text: because

text: they

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: double

text: membrane

text: around

text: their

text: nucleoids

text: and

text: contain

text: other

text: membrane

text: bound

text: cellular

text: structures

text: Like

text: all

text: living

text: organisms

text: bacteria

text: contain

text: ribosomes

text: often

text: grouped

text: in

text: chains

text: called

text: polyribosomes

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: proteins

text: but

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: bacterial

text: ribosome

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: eukaryotes

text: and

text: Archaea

text: Bacterial

text: ribosomes

text: have

text: a

text: sedimentation

text: rate

text: of

text: measured

text: in

text: Svedberg

text: units

text: their

text: subunits

text: have

text: rates

text: of

text: and

text: Some

text: antibiotics

text: bind

text: specifically

text: to

text: ribosomes

text: and

text: inhibit

text: bacterial

text: protein

text: synthesis

text: Those

text: antibiotics

text: kill

text: bacteria

text: without

text: affecting

text: the

text: larger

text: ribosomes

text: of

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: and

text: without

text: harming

text: the

text: host

question: What is genetic make of bacteria?

answer: a single circular DNA chromosome

text: a single circular DNA chromosome

question: Where is DNA chromosome of bacteria located?

answer: in the cytoplasm

text: in the cytoplasm

question: How does nucleoid look?

answer: irregularly shaped body

text: irregularly shaped body

question: What are the exceptions of non-internal membrane bacteria?

answer: phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Poribacteria

text: phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Poribacteria

question: What is the purpose of polyribosomes in bacteria?

answer: production of proteins

text: production of proteins


text: The art of writing Chinese characters is called Chinese calligraphy. It is usually done with ink brushes. In ancient China, Chinese calligraphy is one of the Four Arts of the Chinese Scholars. There is a minimalist set of rules of Chinese calligraphy. Every character from the Chinese scripts is built into a uniform shape by means of assigning it a geometric area in which the character must occur. Each character has a set number of brushstrokes; none must be added or taken away from the character to enhance it visually, lest the meaning be lost. Finally, strict regularity is not required, meaning the strokes may be accentuated for dramatic effect of individual style. Calligraphy was the means by which scholars could mark their thoughts and teachings for immortality, and as such, represent some of the more precious treasures that can be found from ancient China.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: The

text: art

text: of

text: writing

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: is

text: called

text: Chinese

text: calligraphy

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: done

text: with

text: ink

text: brushes

text: In

text: ancient

text: China

text: Chinese

text: calligraphy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Four

text: Arts

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Scholars

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: minimalist

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: of

text: Chinese

text: calligraphy

text: Every

text: character

text: from

text: the

text: Chinese

text: scripts

text: is

text: built

text: into

text: a

text: uniform

text: shape

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: assigning

text: it

text: a

text: geometric

text: area

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: character

text: must

text: occur

text: Each

text: character

text: has

text: a

text: set

text: number

text: of

text: brushstrokes

text: must

text: be

text: added

text: or

text: taken

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: character

text: to

text: enhance

text: it

text: visually

text: lest

text: the

text: meaning

text: be

text: lost

text: Finally

text: strict

text: regularity

text: is

text: not

text: required

text: meaning

text: the

text: strokes

text: may

text: be

text: accentuated

text: for

text: dramatic

text: effect

text: of

text: individual

text: style

text: Calligraphy

text: was

text: the

text: means

text: by

text: which

text: scholars

text: could

text: mark

text: their

text: thoughts

text: and

text: teachings

text: for

text: immortality

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: represent

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: precious

text: treasures

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: from

text: ancient

text: China

question: What is the art of writing Chinese characters?

answer: Chinese calligraphy

text: Chinese calligraphy

question: What is one of the Four Arts of the Chinese Scholars?

answer: Chinese calligraphy

text: Chinese calligraphy

question: What is not required?

answer: strict regularity

text: strict regularity


text: Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs, with the support of the state forester, lobbied for formal recognition. Schoolchildren also chose the western meadowlark as the state bird, in a 1930 vote, and the legislature acted to endorse this decision in 1931. Similarly, the secretary of state sponsored a children's vote in 1981 to choose a state animal, and after 74 animals were nominated, the grizzly bear won over the elk by a 2–1 margin. The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: schoolchildren

text: played

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: selecting

text: several

text: state

text: symbols

text: The

text: state

text: tree

text: the

text: ponderosa

text: pine

text: was

text: selected

text: by

text: Montana

text: schoolchildren

text: as

text: the

text: preferred

text: state

text: tree

text: by

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: in

text: a

text: referendum

text: held

text: in

text: However

text: the

text: legislature

text: did

text: not

text: designate

text: a

text: state

text: tree

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Montana

text: Federation

text: of

text: Garden

text: Clubs

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: forester

text: lobbied

text: for

text: formal

text: recognition

text: Schoolchildren

text: also

text: chose

text: the

text: western

text: meadowlark

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: bird

text: in

text: a

text: vote

text: and

text: the

text: legislature

text: acted

text: to

text: endorse

text: this

text: decision

text: in

text: Similarly

text: the

text: secretary

text: of

text: state

text: sponsored

text: a

text: children

text: 's

text: vote

text: in

text: to

text: choose

text: a

text: state

text: animal

text: and

text: after

text: animals

text: were

text: nominated

text: the

text: grizzly

text: bear

text: won

text: over

text: the

text: elk

text: by

text: a

text: margin

text: The

text: students

text: of

text: Livingston

text: started

text: a

text: statewide

text: school

text: petition

text: drive

text: plus

text: lobbied

text: the

text: governor

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: to

text: name

text: the

text: Maiasaura

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: fossil

text: in

question: What year was the state tree selected?

answer: 1908

question: When was the state tree actually assigned?

answer: 1949

question: What year was the state animal selected?

answer: 1981

question: What is the state animal of Montana?

answer: grizzly bear

text: grizzly bear

question: What is the state fossil

answer: Maiasaura

text: Maiasaura


text: Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements. The Independent reported in June 2012 that "Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol." The UN's Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, Radhika Coomaraswamy, who stepped down from her position a week later, met representatives of the Government of Myanmar on 5 July 2012 and stated that she hoped the government's signing of an action plan would "signal a transformation." In September 2012, the Myanmar Armed Forces released 42 child soldiers and the International Labour Organization met with representatives of the government as well as the Kachin Independence Army to secure the release of more child soldiers. According to Samantha Power, a US delegation raised the issue of child soldiers with the government in October 2012. However, she did not comment on the government's progress towards reform in this area.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Child

text: soldiers

text: have

text: and

text: continue

text: to

text: play

text: a

text: major

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Burmese

text: Army

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Burmese

text: rebel

text: movements

text: The

text: Independent

text: reported

text: in

text: June

text: that

text: Children

text: are

text: being

text: sold

text: as

text: conscripts

text: into

text: the

text: Burmese

text: military

text: for

text: as

text: little

text: as

text: and

text: a

text: bag

text: of

text: rice

text: or

text: a

text: can

text: of

text: petrol

text: The

text: UN

text: 's

text: Special

text: Representative

text: of

text: the

text: Secretary

text: General

text: for

text: Children

text: and

text: Armed

text: Conflict

text: Radhika

text: Coomaraswamy

text: who

text: stepped

text: down

text: from

text: her

text: position

text: a

text: week

text: later

text: met

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: stated

text: that

text: she

text: hoped

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: signing

text: of

text: an

text: action

text: plan

text: would

text: signal

text: a

text: transformation

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: Myanmar

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: released

text: child

text: soldiers

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Labour

text: Organization

text: met

text: with

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Kachin

text: Independence

text: Army

text: to

text: secure

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: more

text: child

text: soldiers

text: According

text: to

text: Samantha

text: Power

text: a

text: US

text: delegation

text: raised

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: child

text: soldiers

text: with

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: October

text: However

text: she

text: did

text: not

text: comment

text: on

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: progress

text: towards

text: reform

text: in

text: this

text: area

question: How are children used in the conflicts in Burma?

answer: Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements.

text: Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements.

question: How are children obtained for use as solders in Burma ?

answer: Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol

text: Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol

question: How many child solders were released from the Burmese military in 2012 ?

answer: the Myanmar Armed Forces released 42 child soldiers

text: the Myanmar Armed Forces released 42 child soldiers


text: The modern period of the kingdom of Galicia began with the murder or defeat of some of the most powerful Galician lords, such as Pedro Álvarez de Sotomayor, called Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio, at the hands of the Castilian armies sent to Galicia between the years 1480 and 1486. Isabella I of Castile, considered a usurper by many Galician nobles, eradicated all armed resistance and definitively established the royal power of the Castilian monarchy. Fearing a general revolt, the monarchs ordered the banishing of the rest of the great lords like Pedro de Bolaño, Diego de Andrade or Lope Sánchez de Moscoso, among others.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: modern

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: murder

text: or

text: defeat

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: Galician

text: lords

text: such

text: as

text: Pedro

text: Álvarez

text: de

text: Sotomayor

text: called

text: Pedro

text: Madruga

text: and

text: Rodrigo

text: Henriquez

text: Osorio

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: Castilian

text: armies

text: sent

text: to

text: Galicia

text: between

text: the

text: years

text: and

text: Isabella

text: I

text: of

text: Castile

text: considered

text: a

text: usurper

text: by

text: many

text: Galician

text: nobles

text: eradicated

text: all

text: armed

text: resistance

text: and

text: definitively

text: established

text: the

text: royal

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Castilian

text: monarchy

text: Fearing

text: a

text: general

text: revolt

text: the

text: monarchs

text: ordered

text: the

text: banishing

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: lords

text: like

text: Pedro

text: de

text: Bolaño

text: Diego

text: de

text: Andrade

text: or

text: Lope

text: Sánchez

text: de

text: Moscoso

text: among

text: others

question: Castillan armies invaded Galicia between which years?

answer: 1480 and 1486

text: 1480 and 1486

question: Which powerful Galician lords did they murder?

answer: Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio

text: Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio

question: Which Castillan ruler then consolidated control over Galicia?

answer: Isabella I

text: Isabella I


text: The western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, Great Balsam Mountains, and Black Mountains. The Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet (2,037 m) the highest point east of the Mississippi River. Although agriculture still remains important, tourism has become a dominant industry in the mountains. Growing Christmas trees has recently become an important industry as well. Because of the higher altitude, the climate in the mountains often differs markedly from that of the rest of the state. Winter in western North Carolina typically features high snowfall and subfreezing temperatures more akin to those of a midwestern state than of a southern state.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: The

text: western

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: Mountain

text: range

text: Among

text: the

text: subranges

text: of

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: are

text: the

text: Great

text: Smoky

text: Mountains

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: Mountains

text: Great

text: Balsam

text: Mountains

text: and

text: Black

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Black

text: Mountains

text: are

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: culminate

text: in

text: Mount

text: Mitchell

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Although

text: agriculture

text: still

text: remains

text: important

text: tourism

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: dominant

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: Growing

text: Christmas

text: trees

text: has

text: recently

text: become

text: an

text: important

text: industry

text: as

text: well

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: altitude

text: the

text: climate

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: often

text: differs

text: markedly

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Winter

text: in

text: western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: typically

text: features

text: high

text: snowfall

text: and

text: subfreezing

text: temperatures

text: more

text: akin

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: a

text: midwestern

text: state

text: than

text: of

text: a

text: southern

text: state

question: The weatern part of North Carolina is part of what mountain range?

answer: Appalachian Mountain range

text: Appalachian Mountain range

question: The Great Smokey Mountains and the Black Moutains are subranges of what mountains?

answer: Appalachians

text: Appalachians

question: What mountains are the highest in the eastern United States?

answer: The Black Mountains

text: The Black Mountains

question: What is the name of the highest point east of the Mississippi river?

answer: Mount Mitchell

text: Mount Mitchell

question: How high is Mt. Mitchell?

answer: 6,684 feet

text: 6,684 feet


text: It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911. Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: It

text: took

text: about

text: years

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: Many

text: elements

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: architecture

text: borrow

text: from

text: indigenous

text: sources

text: however

text: they

text: fit

text: into

text: a

text: British

text: Classical

text: Palladian

text: tradition

text: The

text: fact

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: any

text: indigenous

text: features

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: were

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: persistence

text: and

text: urging

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: Lord

text: Hardinge

text: and

text: historians

text: like

text: E.B.

text: Havell

question: Approximately how long did it take to build New Delhi?

answer: 20 years

text: 20 years

question: The architecture of New Delhi borrows from indigenous sources but fits into what tradition?

answer: British Classical/Palladian

text: British Classical/Palladian

question: What historian is partially responsible for the use of indigenous features in the architecture of New Delhi?

answer: E.B. Havell

text: E.B. Havell

question: Which government official urged that indigenous features be used in the design of New Delhi?

answer: Viceroy Lord Hardinge

text: Viceroy Lord Hardinge

question: Many of the architectural elements of New Delhi borrow from what sources?

answer: indigenous

text: indigenous


text: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: assumed

text: that

text: architectural

text: success

text: was

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: trial

text: and

text: error

text: with

text: progressively

text: less

text: trial

text: and

text: more

text: replication

text: as

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: proved

text: increasingly

text: satisfactory

text: What

text: is

text: termed

text: vernacular

text: architecture

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: produced

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Indeed

text: vernacular

text: buildings

text: make

text: up

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: built

text: world

text: that

text: people

text: experience

text: every

text: day

text: Early

text: human

text: settlements

text: were

text: mostly

text: rural

text: Due

text: to

text: a

text: surplus

text: in

text: production

text: the

text: economy

text: began

text: to

text: expand

text: resulting

text: in

text: urbanization

text: thus

text: creating

text: urban

text: areas

text: which

text: grew

text: and

text: evolved

text: very

text: rapidly

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: Çatal

text: Höyük

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: Mohenjo

text: Daro

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: Valley

text: Civilization

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Pakistan

question: What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world?

answer: vernacular buildings

text: vernacular buildings

question: Why did the economy begin to expand?

answer: a surplus in production

text: a surplus in production

question: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made?

answer: trial and error

text: trial and error

question: What is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet?

answer: vernacular

text: vernacular

question: In what environment were many of the first human settlements?

answer: rural

text: rural

question: What sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements?

answer: urbanization

text: urbanization

question: At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand?

answer: rapidly

text: rapidly

question: What type of buildings are not built mostly through out the world?

text: vernacular

question: Why did the economy stop expanding?

text: surplus in production

question: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were not made?

text: trial and error

question: What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet?

text: vernacular

question: In what environment were many of the latest human settlements?

text: urbanization


text: Aonuma had anticipated creating a Zelda game for what would later be called the Wii, but had assumed that he would need to complete Twilight Princess first. His team began work developing a pointing-based interface for the bow and arrow, and Aonuma found that aiming directly at the screen gave the game a new feel, just like the DS control scheme for Phantom Hourglass. Aonuma felt confident this was the only way to proceed, but worried about consumers who had been anticipating a GameCube release. Developing two versions would mean delaying the previously announced 2005 release, still disappointing the consumer. Satoru Iwata felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end, even though they would have to wait for the finished product. Aonuma then started working on both versions in parallel.[o]

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess

text: Aonuma

text: had

text: anticipated

text: creating

text: a

text: Zelda

text: game

text: for

text: what

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: Wii

text: but

text: had

text: assumed

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: complete

text: Twilight

text: Princess

text: first

text: His

text: team

text: began

text: work

text: developing

text: a

text: pointing

text: based

text: interface

text: for

text: the

text: bow

text: and

text: arrow

text: and

text: Aonuma

text: found

text: that

text: aiming

text: directly

text: at

text: the

text: screen

text: gave

text: the

text: game

text: a

text: new

text: feel

text: just

text: like

text: the

text: DS

text: control

text: scheme

text: for

text: Phantom

text: Hourglass

text: Aonuma

text: felt

text: confident

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: way

text: to

text: proceed

text: but

text: worried

text: about

text: consumers

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: anticipating

text: a

text: GameCube

text: release

text: Developing

text: two

text: versions

text: would

text: mean

text: delaying

text: the

text: previously

text: announced

text: release

text: still

text: disappointing

text: the

text: consumer

text: Satoru

text: Iwata

text: felt

text: that

text: having

text: both

text: versions

text: would

text: satisfy

text: users

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: even

text: though

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: wait

text: for

text: the

text: finished

text: product

text: Aonuma

text: then

text: started

text: working

text: on

text: both

text: versions

text: in

text: parallel.[o

question: What kind of interface was used for in-game archery?

answer: pointing-based

text: pointing-based

question: What was the originally-planned launch year for Twilight Princess?

answer: 2005

question: Which Nintendo employee was confident in the potential of developing two versions of Twilight Princess?

answer: Satoru Iwata

text: Satoru Iwata

question: What was the original release date for Gamecube?

answer: 2005

question: What kind of control schemes were used for in-game archery?

text: pointing-based

question: What was the originally-planned launch year for Twilight Princess?

question: Which Nintendo employee was confident in the potential of developing two versions of Aonuma?

text: Satoru Iwata

question: What was the original release date for Satoru?

question: Who found that aiming directly at the GameCube gave the game a new feel?

text: Aonuma


text: Muslim scientists placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where significant progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from c. 1000, in his Book of Optics. The law of refraction of light was known to the Persians. The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist" for his development of the modern scientific method.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Muslim

text: scientists

text: placed

text: far

text: greater

text: emphasis

text: on

text: experiment

text: than

text: had

text: the

text: Greeks

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: early

text: scientific

text: method

text: being

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: where

text: significant

text: progress

text: in

text: methodology

text: was

text: made

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: experiments

text: of

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: Alhazen

text: on

text: optics

text: from

text: c.

text: in

text: his

text: Book

text: of

text: Optics

text: The

text: law

text: of

text: refraction

text: of

text: light

text: was

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: Persians

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: method

text: was

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: experiments

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: competing

text: scientific

text: theories

text: set

text: within

text: a

text: generally

text: empirical

text: orientation

text: which

text: began

text: among

text: Muslim

text: scientists

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: is

text: also

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: optics

text: especially

text: for

text: his

text: empirical

text: proof

text: of

text: the

text: intromission

text: theory

text: of

text: light

text: Some

text: have

text: also

text: described

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: scientist

text: for

text: his

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: scientific

text: method

question: What method did Muslim scientists use more than the Greeks?

answer: experiment

text: experiment

question: What book did Ibn al-Haytham write?

answer: Book of Optics

text: Book of Optics

question: What law did the Persians know of?

answer: The law of refraction of light

text: The law of refraction of light

question: What was Ibn al-Haytham's nickname?

answer: the father of optics

text: the father of optics

question: What theory did Ibn al-Haytham have proof for?

answer: the intromission theory of light

text: the intromission theory of light


text: The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contrasted with "acting white", where black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music, and possibly, from the perspective of a significant number of black youth, academic achievement.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: blackness

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: one

text: associates

text: themselves

text: with

text: mainstream

text: African

text: American

text: culture

text: politics

text: and

text: values

text: To

text: a

text: certain

text: extent

text: this

text: concept

text: is

text: not

text: so

text: much

text: about

text: race

text: but

text: more

text: about

text: political

text: orientation

text: culture

text: and

text: behavior

text: Blackness

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: acting

text: white

text: where

text: black

text: Americans

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: behave

text: with

text: assumed

text: characteristics

text: of

text: stereotypical

text: white

text: Americans

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: fashion

text: dialect

text: taste

text: in

text: music

text: and

text: possibly

text: from

text: the

text: perspective

text: of

text: a

text: significant

text: number

text: of

text: black

text: youth

text: academic

text: achievement

question: How is blackness described in the US?

answer: the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values.

text: the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values.

question: What defines "blackness"?

answer: political orientation, culture and behavior

text: political orientation, culture and behavior

question: What is the opposite of "blackness"?

answer: "acting white"

text: "acting white"

question: How does one "act white"?

answer: black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans

text: black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans

question: In what regards can one "act white"?

answer: with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music,

text: with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music,


text: Deep house's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingers's relatively jazzy, soulful recordings "Mystery of Love" (1985) and "Can You Feel It?" (1986). According to author Richie Unterberger, it moved house music away from its "posthuman tendencies back towards the lush" soulful sound of early disco music.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Deep

text: house

text: 's

text: origins

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: Chicago

text: producer

text: Mr

text: Fingers

text: 's

text: relatively

text: jazzy

text: soulful

text: recordings

text: Mystery

text: of

text: Love

text: and

text: Can

text: You

text: Feel

text: It

text: According

text: to

text: author

text: Richie

text: Unterberger

text: it

text: moved

text: house

text: music

text: away

text: from

text: its

text: posthuman

text: tendencies

text: back

text: towards

text: the

text: lush

text: soulful

text: sound

text: of

text: early

text: disco

text: music

question: what producer was the first to produce deep house?

answer: Mr Fingers

text: Mr Fingers

question: where was producer mr. fingers' from?

answer: Chicago

text: Chicago

question: when was mr. fingers' "mystery of love" released?

answer: 1985

question: when was mr. fingers' "can you feel it?" released?

answer: 1986

question: What producer was the first to produce deep sound?

text: Mr Fingers

question: Where was producer Mr. Unterberger from?

text: Chicago

question: When was Mr. Unterberger's "Mystery of Lover" released?

question: When was Mr. Unterberger's "Can You Feel It?" released?

question: What can be traced to early disco music?

text: Deep house's origins


text: Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie. Crane originally printed the novel privately in 1893. To secure commercial publication in 1896, Crane agreed to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions. Bowers's approach was to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896, but to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher's intention rather than his own. There were, however, intermediate cases that could reasonably have been attributed to either intention, and some of Bowers's choices came under fire – both as to his judgment, and as to the wisdom of conflating readings from the two different versions of Maggie.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Bowers

text: confronted

text: a

text: similar

text: problem

text: in

text: his

text: edition

text: of

text: Maggie

text: Crane

text: originally

text: printed

text: the

text: novel

text: privately

text: in

text: To

text: secure

text: commercial

text: publication

text: in

text: Crane

text: agreed

text: to

text: remove

text: profanity

text: but

text: he

text: also

text: made

text: stylistic

text: revisions

text: Bowers

text: 's

text: approach

text: was

text: to

text: preserve

text: the

text: stylistic

text: and

text: literary

text: changes

text: of

text: but

text: to

text: revert

text: to

text: the

text: readings

text: where

text: he

text: believed

text: that

text: Crane

text: was

text: fulfilling

text: the

text: publisher

text: 's

text: intention

text: rather

text: than

text: his

text: own

text: There

text: were

text: however

text: intermediate

text: cases

text: that

text: could

text: reasonably

text: have

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: either

text: intention

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: Bowers

text: 's

text: choices

text: came

text: under

text: fire

text: both

text: as

text: to

text: his

text: judgment

text: and

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: wisdom

text: of

text: conflating

text: readings

text: from

text: the

text: two

text: different

text: versions

text: of

text: Maggie

question: What alterations did Crane make to secure commercial publication?

answer: remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions

text: remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions

question: What was Bower's first step in editing multiple works into a single product?

answer: to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896

text: to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896

question: What was Bower's second step in editing multiple works into a single product?

answer: to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher's intention rather than his own

text: to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher's intention rather than his own

question: What was one of the criticisms Bowers faced after editing Maggie?

answer: his judgment

text: his judgment

question: I what year was Maggie printed for commercial use?

answer: 1896

question: What was the first step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions?

answer: to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896,

text: to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896,

question: What was the second step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions?

answer: to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher's intention

text: to revert to the 1893 readings where he believed that Crane was fulfilling the publisher's intention

question: What changes were made for the commercial publication of Maggie?

answer: to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions

text: to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions

question: When was Maggie first published?

answer: 1893

question: What changes did Maggie make to secure commercial publication?

text: remove profanity

question: When did Maggie publish her edition of Bowers?

question: What was Bower's final step in editing a single work into multiple versions?

question: When was the third version of Maggie published?

question: When was the fifth and final version of Maggie published?


text: In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around the empire, including early contacts with Russia — then seen as a tribute nation. The office had the status of a full ministry and was headed by officials of equal rank. However, appointees were at first restricted only to candidates of Manchu and Mongol ethnicity, until later open to Han Chinese as well.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: six

text: boards

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: Lifan

text: Yuan

text: unique

text: to

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: This

text: institution

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: supervise

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: Tibet

text: and

text: the

text: Mongol

text: lands

text: As

text: the

text: empire

text: expanded

text: it

text: took

text: over

text: administrative

text: responsibility

text: of

text: all

text: minority

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: living

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: empire

text: including

text: early

text: contacts

text: with

text: Russia

text: then

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: tribute

text: nation

text: The

text: office

text: had

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: a

text: full

text: ministry

text: and

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: officials

text: of

text: equal

text: rank

text: However

text: appointees

text: were

text: at

text: first

text: restricted

text: only

text: to

text: candidates

text: of

text: Manchu

text: and

text: Mongol

text: ethnicity

text: until

text: later

text: open

text: to

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: as

text: well

question: Who governed the areas of Tibet and Mongolia?

answer: Lifan Yuan

text: Lifan Yuan

question: Who administered the minority groups?

answer: Lifan Yuan

text: Lifan Yuan

question: How many boards were there in the Qing government?

answer: six

text: six


text: As a result of the confusion in Greece at the end of the Second Macedonian War, the Seleucid Empire also became entangled with the Romans. The Seleucid Antiochus III had allied with Philip V of Macedon in 203 BC, agreeing that they should jointly conquer the lands of the boy-king of Egypt, Ptolemy V. After defeating Ptolemy in the Fifth Syrian War, Antiochus concentrated on occupying the Ptolemaic possessions in Asia Minor. However, this brought Antiochus into conflict with Rhodes and Pergamum, two important Roman allies, and began a 'cold war' between Rome and Antiochus (not helped by the presence of Hannibal at the Seleucid court). Meanwhile, in mainland Greece, the Aetolian League, which had sided with Rome against Macedon, now grew to resent the Roman presence in Greece. This presented Antiochus III with a pretext to invade Greece and 'liberate' it from Roman influence, thus starting the Roman-Syrian War (192–188 BC). In 191 BC, the Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio routed him at Thermopylae and obliged him to withdraw to Asia. During the course of this war Roman troops moved into Asia for the first time, where they defeated Antiochus again at the Battle of Magnesia (190 BC). A crippling treaty was imposed on Antiochus, with Seleucid possessions in Asia Minor removed and given to Rhodes and Pergamum, the size of the Seleucid navy reduced, and a massive war indemnity invoked.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: confusion

text: in

text: Greece

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Macedonian

text: War

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: Empire

text: also

text: became

text: entangled

text: with

text: the

text: Romans

text: The

text: Seleucid

text: Antiochus

text: III

text: had

text: allied

text: with

text: Philip

text: V

text: of

text: Macedon

text: in

text: BC

text: agreeing

text: that

text: they

text: should

text: jointly

text: conquer

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: boy

text: king

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Ptolemy

text: V.

text: After

text: defeating

text: Ptolemy

text: in

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Syrian

text: War

text: Antiochus

text: concentrated

text: on

text: occupying

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: possessions

text: in

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: However

text: this

text: brought

text: Antiochus

text: into

text: conflict

text: with

text: Rhodes

text: and

text: Pergamum

text: two

text: important

text: Roman

text: allies

text: and

text: began

text: a

text: cold

text: war

text: between

text: Rome

text: and

text: Antiochus

text: not

text: helped

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: Hannibal

text: at

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: court

text: Meanwhile

text: in

text: mainland

text: Greece

text: the

text: Aetolian

text: League

text: which

text: had

text: sided

text: with

text: Rome

text: against

text: Macedon

text: now

text: grew

text: to

text: resent

text: the

text: Roman

text: presence

text: in

text: Greece

text: This

text: presented

text: Antiochus

text: III

text: with

text: a

text: pretext

text: to

text: invade

text: Greece

text: and

text: liberate

text: it

text: from

text: Roman

text: influence

text: thus

text: starting

text: the

text: Roman

text: Syrian

text: War

text: BC

text: In

text: BC

text: the

text: Romans

text: under

text: Manius

text: Acilius

text: Glabrio

text: routed

text: him

text: at

text: Thermopylae

text: and

text: obliged

text: him

text: to

text: withdraw

text: to

text: Asia

text: During

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: this

text: war

text: Roman

text: troops

text: moved

text: into

text: Asia

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: where

text: they

text: defeated

text: Antiochus

text: again

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Magnesia

text: BC

text: A

text: crippling

text: treaty

text: was

text: imposed

text: on

text: Antiochus

text: with

text: Seleucid

text: possessions

text: in

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: removed

text: and

text: given

text: to

text: Rhodes

text: and

text: Pergamum

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: navy

text: reduced

text: and

text: a

text: massive

text: war

text: indemnity

text: invoked

question: Antiochus III allied with what king in 203 BC?

answer: Philip V

text: Philip V

question: Who defeated Ptolemy?

answer: Antiochus

text: Antiochus

question: In what war was Ptolemy defeated?

answer: Fifth Syrian War

text: Fifth Syrian War

question: What war bgean when Antiochus III invaded Greece?

answer: Roman-Syrian War

text: Roman-Syrian War

question: What years did the Roman-Syrian war take place?

answer: 192–188 BC

text: 192–188 BC


text: Several solid dielectrics are available, including paper, plastic, glass, mica and ceramic materials. Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance. However, it is susceptible to water absorption, and has been largely replaced by plastic film capacitors. Plastics offer better stability and ageing performance, which makes them useful in timer circuits, although they may be limited to low operating temperatures and frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are generally small, cheap and useful for high frequency applications, although their capacitance varies strongly with voltage and they age poorly. They are broadly categorized as class 1 dielectrics, which have predictable variation of capacitance with temperature or class 2 dielectrics, which can operate at higher voltage. Glass and mica capacitors are extremely reliable, stable and tolerant to high temperatures and voltages, but are too expensive for most mainstream applications. Electrolytic capacitors and supercapacitors are used to store small and larger amounts of energy, respectively, ceramic capacitors are often used in resonators, and parasitic capacitance occurs in circuits wherever the simple conductor-insulator-conductor structure is formed unintentionally by the configuration of the circuit layout.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Several

text: solid

text: dielectrics

text: are

text: available

text: including

text: paper

text: plastic

text: glass

text: mica

text: and

text: ceramic

text: materials

text: Paper

text: was

text: used

text: extensively

text: in

text: older

text: devices

text: and

text: offers

text: relatively

text: high

text: voltage

text: performance

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: susceptible

text: to

text: water

text: absorption

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: largely

text: replaced

text: by

text: plastic

text: film

text: capacitors

text: Plastics

text: offer

text: better

text: stability

text: and

text: ageing

text: performance

text: which

text: makes

text: them

text: useful

text: in

text: timer

text: circuits

text: although

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: limited

text: to

text: low

text: operating

text: temperatures

text: and

text: frequencies

text: Ceramic

text: capacitors

text: are

text: generally

text: small

text: cheap

text: and

text: useful

text: for

text: high

text: frequency

text: applications

text: although

text: their

text: capacitance

text: varies

text: strongly

text: with

text: voltage

text: and

text: they

text: age

text: poorly

text: They

text: are

text: broadly

text: categorized

text: as

text: class

text: dielectrics

text: which

text: have

text: predictable

text: variation

text: of

text: capacitance

text: with

text: temperature

text: or

text: class

text: dielectrics

text: which

text: can

text: operate

text: at

text: higher

text: voltage

text: Glass

text: and

text: mica

text: capacitors

text: are

text: extremely

text: reliable

text: stable

text: and

text: tolerant

text: to

text: high

text: temperatures

text: and

text: voltages

text: but

text: are

text: too

text: expensive

text: for

text: most

text: mainstream

text: applications

text: Electrolytic

text: capacitors

text: and

text: supercapacitors

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: store

text: small

text: and

text: larger

text: amounts

text: of

text: energy

text: respectively

text: ceramic

text: capacitors

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: resonators

text: and

text: parasitic

text: capacitance

text: occurs

text: in

text: circuits

text: wherever

text: the

text: simple

text: conductor

text: insulator

text: conductor

text: structure

text: is

text: formed

text: unintentionally

text: by

text: the

text: configuration

text: of

text: the

text: circuit

text: layout

question: What benefit is offered by solid state paper capacitors?

answer: relatively high voltage performance

text: relatively high voltage performance

question: What type of capacitor has mostly replaced solid state paper capacitors?

answer: plastic film capacitors

text: plastic film capacitors

question: What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors especially useful for?

answer: timer circuits

text: timer circuits

question: What is one type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes?

answer: Glass

text: Glass

question: What is another type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes?

answer: mica capacitors

text: mica capacitors

question: What benefit is never offered by solid state paper capacitors?

text: relatively high voltage performance

question: What type of capacitor has not replaced solid state paper capacitors?

text: plastic film capacitors

question: What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors not useful for?

text: timer circuits

question: What is one type of reliable capacitor that is non-resistant to temperature and voltage changes?

text: Glass

question: What is another type of reliable capacitor that is not resistant to temperature and voltage changes?

text: mica capacitors


text: Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park called WestQuay. In October 2014, the City Council approved a follow-up from the WestQuay park, called WestQuay Watermark. Construction by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Significant

text: employers

text: in

text: Southampton

text: include

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: Solent

text: University

text: Southampton

text: Airport

text: Ordnance

text: Survey

text: BBC

text: South

text: the

text: NHS

text: ABP

text: and

text: Carnival

text: UK

text: Southampton

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: RMS

text: Titanic

text: the

text: Spitfire

text: and

text: more

text: generally

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: narrative

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: departure

text: points

text: for

text: D

text: Day

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: port

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cruise

text: ships

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Southampton

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: shopping

text: centre

text: and

text: retail

text: park

text: called

text: WestQuay

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: approved

text: a

text: follow

text: up

text: from

text: the

text: WestQuay

text: park

text: called

text: WestQuay

text: Watermark

text: Construction

text: by

text: Sir

text: Robert

text: McAlpine

text: commenced

text: in

text: January

text: Hammerson

text: the

text: owners

text: of

text: the

text: retail

text: park

text: aim

text: to

text: have

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: employed

text: on

text: its

text: premises

text: at

text: year

text: end

question: What is the big retail shopping center in Southampton called?

answer: WestQuay

text: WestQuay

question: In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?

answer: October

text: October

question: What war is Southampton often associated with?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What company owns WestQuay Watermark?

answer: Hammerson

text: Hammerson

question: By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?

answer: 1,550


text: A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective studying. It is also relevant in social cognition, resulting in increased introspection, self-consciousness, and intellectualization (in the sense of thought about one's own thoughts, rather than the Freudian definition as a defense mechanism). Adolescents are much better able than children to understand that people do not have complete control over their mental activity. Being able to introspect may lead to two forms of adolescent egocentrism, which results in two distinct problems in thinking: the imaginary audience and the personal fable. These likely peak at age fifteen, along with self-consciousness in general.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: A

text: third

text: gain

text: in

text: cognitive

text: ability

text: involves

text: thinking

text: about

text: thinking

text: itself

text: a

text: process

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: metacognition

text: It

text: often

text: involves

text: monitoring

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: cognitive

text: activity

text: during

text: the

text: thinking

text: process

text: Adolescents

text: improvements

text: in

text: knowledge

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: thinking

text: patterns

text: lead

text: to

text: better

text: self

text: control

text: and

text: more

text: effective

text: studying

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: relevant

text: in

text: social

text: cognition

text: resulting

text: in

text: increased

text: introspection

text: self

text: consciousness

text: and

text: intellectualization

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: thought

text: about

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: thoughts

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Freudian

text: definition

text: as

text: a

text: defense

text: mechanism

text: Adolescents

text: are

text: much

text: better

text: able

text: than

text: children

text: to

text: understand

text: that

text: people

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: complete

text: control

text: over

text: their

text: mental

text: activity

text: Being

text: able

text: to

text: introspect

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: two

text: forms

text: of

text: adolescent

text: egocentrism

text: which

text: results

text: in

text: two

text: distinct

text: problems

text: in

text: thinking

text: the

text: imaginary

text: audience

text: and

text: the

text: personal

text: fable

text: These

text: likely

text: peak

text: at

text: age

text: fifteen

text: along

text: with

text: self

text: consciousness

text: in

text: general

question: What is the term used to describe thinking about thinking itself?

answer: metacognition

text: metacognition

question: Are adolescents or children better able to understand that people do not have complete control over their thoughts?

answer: Adolescents

text: Adolescents

question: The imaginary audience and personal fable peak at what age?

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen

question: At what age does self-consciousness in general peak?

answer: fifteen

text: fifteen


text: While inert gas reduces filament evaporation, it also conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament and reducing efficiency. At constant pressure and temperature, the thermal conductivity of a gas depends upon the molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules. Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity, because both the molecular weight is higher and also the cross sectional area is higher. Xenon gas improves efficiency because of its high molecular weight, but is also more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: While

text: inert

text: gas

text: reduces

text: filament

text: evaporation

text: it

text: also

text: conducts

text: heat

text: from

text: the

text: filament

text: thereby

text: cooling

text: the

text: filament

text: and

text: reducing

text: efficiency

text: At

text: constant

text: pressure

text: and

text: temperature

text: the

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: of

text: a

text: gas

text: depends

text: upon

text: the

text: molecular

text: weight

text: of

text: the

text: gas

text: and

text: the

text: cross

text: sectional

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: gas

text: molecules

text: Higher

text: molecular

text: weight

text: gasses

text: have

text: lower

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: because

text: both

text: the

text: molecular

text: weight

text: is

text: higher

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: cross

text: sectional

text: area

text: is

text: higher

text: Xenon

text: gas

text: improves

text: efficiency

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: high

text: molecular

text: weight

text: but

text: is

text: also

text: more

text: expensive

text: so

text: its

text: use

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: smaller

text: lamps

question: Why does inert gas reduce efficiency?

answer: conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament

text: conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament

question: What affects the thermal conductivity of a gas?

answer: molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules

text: molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules

question: How does the molecular weight of a gas relate to thermal conductivity?

answer: Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity

text: Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity

question: Why is xenon gas not more widely used?

answer: more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps

text: more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps

question: What is the advantage of using inert gas in a light bulb?

answer: reduces filament evaporation

text: reduces filament evaporation

question: What does not reduce filament evaporation?

text: inert gas

question: What conducts heat and heats the filament?

text: inert gas

question: What does not affect the thermal conductivity of a gas?

question: Why is xenon gas widely used?

text: more expensive

question: What is a disadvantage of using inert gas in a light bulb?

text: reduces filament evaporation


text: American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule. Historian Abd al-Azim Ramadan wrote that Nasser was an irrational and irresponsible leader, blaming his inclination to solitary decision-making for Egypt's losses during the Suez War, among other events. Miles Copeland, Jr. , once described as Nasser's closest Western adviser, said that the barriers between Nasser and the outside world have grown so thick that all but the information that attest to his infallibility, indispensability, and immortality has been filtered out.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: American

text: political

text: scientist

text: Mark

text: Cooper

text: asserted

text: that

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: charisma

text: and

text: his

text: direct

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: people

text: rendered

text: intermediaries

text: organizations

text: and

text: individuals

text: unnecessary

text: He

text: opined

text: that

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: legacy

text: was

text: a

text: guarantee

text: of

text: instability

text: due

text: to

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: reliance

text: on

text: personal

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: strong

text: political

text: institutions

text: under

text: his

text: rule

text: Historian

text: Abd

text: al

text: Azim

text: Ramadan

text: wrote

text: that

text: Nasser

text: was

text: an

text: irrational

text: and

text: irresponsible

text: leader

text: blaming

text: his

text: inclination

text: to

text: solitary

text: decision

text: making

text: for

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: losses

text: during

text: the

text: Suez

text: War

text: among

text: other

text: events

text: Miles

text: Copeland

text: Jr.

text: once

text: described

text: as

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: closest

text: Western

text: adviser

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: barriers

text: between

text: Nasser

text: and

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: have

text: grown

text: so

text: thick

text: that

text: all

text: but

text: the

text: information

text: that

text: attest

text: to

text: his

text: infallibility

text: indispensability

text: and

text: immortality

text: has

text: been

text: filtered

text: out

question: What did Nasser's political style render unnecessary?

answer: intermediaries

text: intermediaries

question: What was needed under Nasser, the absence of which guaranteed instability?

answer: strong political institutions

text: strong political institutions

question: Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader?

answer: Abd al-Azim Ramadan

text: Abd al-Azim Ramadan

question: Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor?

answer: Miles Copeland, Jr

text: Miles Copeland, Jr


text: The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French language as choucroute. To make it, the cabbage is finely shredded, layered with salt and juniper and left to ferment in wooden barrels. Sauerkraut can be served with poultry, pork, sausage or even fish. Traditionally it is served with Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages, or a selection of other pork products. Served alongside are often roasted or steamed potatoes or dumplings.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: The

text: gastronomic

text: symbol

text: of

text: the

text: région

text: is

text: undoubtedly

text: the

text: Choucroute

text: a

text: local

text: variety

text: of

text: Sauerkraut

text: The

text: word

text: Sauerkraut

text: in

text: Alsatian

text: has

text: the

text: form

text: sûrkrût

text: same

text: as

text: in

text: other

text: southwestern

text: German

text: dialects

text: and

text: means

text: sour

text: cabbage

text: as

text: its

text: Standard

text: German

text: equivalent

text: This

text: word

text: was

text: included

text: into

text: the

text: French

text: language

text: as

text: choucroute

text: To

text: make

text: it

text: the

text: cabbage

text: is

text: finely

text: shredded

text: layered

text: with

text: salt

text: and

text: juniper

text: and

text: left

text: to

text: ferment

text: in

text: wooden

text: barrels

text: Sauerkraut

text: can

text: be

text: served

text: with

text: poultry

text: pork

text: sausage

text: or

text: even

text: fish

text: Traditionally

text: it

text: is

text: served

text: with

text: Strasbourg

text: sausage

text: or

text: frankfurters

text: bacon

text: smoked

text: pork

text: or

text: smoked

text: Morteau

text: or

text: Montbéliard

text: sausages

text: or

text: a

text: selection

text: of

text: other

text: pork

text: products

text: Served

text: alongside

text: are

text: often

text: roasted

text: or

text: steamed

text: potatoes

text: or

text: dumplings

question: In Alsatian, what does Sauerkraut mean?

answer: sour cabbage

text: sour cabbage

question: What can Sauerkraut be served with?

answer: poultry, pork, sausage or even fish

text: poultry, pork, sausage or even fish

question: What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace?

answer: Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages

text: Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages

question: What word does Choucroute come from?

text: sûrkrût

question: What dialect is the Alsatian word for sauerkraut different from?

text: southwestern German

question: What meats is sauerkraut not served alongside of?

text: poultry, pork, sausage or even fish

question: What does choucroute mean?

text: sour cabbage

question: Pork products are left to ferment in what?

text: wooden barrels


text: The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, "vertaling"—a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: The

text: English

text: word

text: translation

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: translatio

text: which

text: itself

text: comes

text: from

text: trans-

text: and

text: from

text: fero

text: the

text: supine

text: form

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: latum

text: together

text: meaning

text: a

text: carrying

text: across

text: or

text: a

text: bringing

text: across

text: The

text: modern

text: Romance

text: languages

text: use

text: equivalents

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: term

text: translation

text: that

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: that

text: same

text: Latin

text: source

text: or

text: from

text: the

text: alternative

text: Latin

text: traducere

text: to

text: lead

text: across

text: or

text: to

text: bring

text: across

text: The

text: Slavic

text: and

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: except

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: equivalent

text: vertaling

text: a

text: re

text: language

text: ing

text: likewise

text: use

text: calques

text: of

text: these

text: Latin

text: sources

question: What Latin word does the English word translation come from?

answer: translatio

text: translatio

question: What languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that come from the same Latin source?

answer: Romance

text: Romance

question: What does Latin's traducere mean in English?

answer: "to lead across"

text: "to lead across"

question: Slavic and Germanic languages also use a similar loanword from what source?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What does the Dutch word "vertaling" roughly translate to?

answer: "re-language-ing"

text: "re-language-ing"

question: What French word does the English word translation come from?

text: translatio

question: What languages use equivalents of the German term "translation" that come from the same Latin source?

text: Romance

question: What does Russia's traducere mean in English?

text: to lead across

question: What does the American word "vertaling" roughly translate to?

text: re-language-ing

question: What language is always derived from Latin?

text: English


text: Aves and a sister group, the clade Crocodilia, contain the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria. During the late 1990s, Aves was most commonly defined phylogenetically as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of modern birds and Archaeopteryx lithographica. However, an earlier definition proposed by Jacques Gauthier gained wide currency in the 21st century, and is used by many scientists including adherents of the Phylocode system. Gauthier defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds. This was done by excluding most groups known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the Avialae, in part to avoid the uncertainties about the placement of Archaeopteryx in relation to animals traditionally thought of as theropod dinosaurs.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Aves

text: and

text: a

text: sister

text: group

text: the

text: clade

text: Crocodilia

text: contain

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: reptile

text: clade

text: Archosauria

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: Aves

text: was

text: most

text: commonly

text: defined

text: phylogenetically

text: as

text: all

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: common

text: ancestor

text: of

text: modern

text: birds

text: and

text: Archaeopteryx

text: lithographica

text: However

text: an

text: earlier

text: definition

text: proposed

text: by

text: Jacques

text: Gauthier

text: gained

text: wide

text: currency

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: scientists

text: including

text: adherents

text: of

text: the

text: Phylocode

text: system

text: Gauthier

text: defined

text: Aves

text: to

text: include

text: only

text: the

text: crown

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: modern

text: birds

text: This

text: was

text: done

text: by

text: excluding

text: most

text: groups

text: known

text: only

text: from

text: fossils

text: and

text: assigning

text: them

text: instead

text: to

text: the

text: Avialae

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: uncertainties

text: about

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: Archaeopteryx

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: animals

text: traditionally

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: theropod

text: dinosaurs

question: Besides Aves, what group contains the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria?

answer: clade Crocodilia

text: clade Crocodilia

question: Who defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds?

answer: Gauthier

text: Gauthier

question: What is a sister group to Aves?

answer: clade Crocodilia

text: clade Crocodilia


text: The Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational movement and organise logistics and communications. The officers of the General Staff were hand-picked from the Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy). Moltke embraced new technology, particularly the railroad and telegraph, to coordinate and accelerate mobilisation of large forces.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Prussian

text: army

text: was

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: under

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Helmuth

text: von

text: Moltke

text: The

text: Prussian

text: army

text: was

text: unique

text: in

text: Europe

text: for

text: having

text: the

text: only

text: such

text: organisation

text: in

text: existence

text: whose

text: purpose

text: in

text: peacetime

text: was

text: to

text: prepare

text: the

text: overall

text: war

text: strategy

text: and

text: in

text: wartime

text: to

text: direct

text: operational

text: movement

text: and

text: organise

text: logistics

text: and

text: communications

text: The

text: officers

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: were

text: hand

text: picked

text: from

text: the

text: Prussian

text: Kriegsakademie

text: War

text: Academy

text: Moltke

text: embraced

text: new

text: technology

text: particularly

text: the

text: railroad

text: and

text: telegraph

text: to

text: coordinate

text: and

text: accelerate

text: mobilisation

text: of

text: large

text: forces

question: What entity controlled the Prussian army?

answer: the General Staff

text: the General Staff

question: Who commanded the General Staff?

answer: Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke

text: Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke

question: What was the unique purpose of the Prussian Army during peacetime?

answer: to prepare the overall war strategy

text: to prepare the overall war strategy

question: The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place?

answer: Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy)

text: Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy)

question: What new technologies in particular were courted by Moltke?

answer: the railroad and telegraph

text: the railroad and telegraph


text: New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant states that have not adopted the FRCP. Furthermore, all three states continue to maintain most of their civil procedure laws in the form of codified statutes enacted by the state legislature, as opposed to court rules promulgated by the state supreme court, on the ground that the latter are undemocratic. But certain key portions of their civil procedure laws have been modified by their legislatures to bring them closer to federal civil procedure.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: New

text: York

text: Illinois

text: and

text: California

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: states

text: that

text: have

text: not

text: adopted

text: the

text: FRCP

text: Furthermore

text: all

text: three

text: states

text: continue

text: to

text: maintain

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: civil

text: procedure

text: laws

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: codified

text: statutes

text: enacted

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: court

text: rules

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: supreme

text: court

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: that

text: the

text: latter

text: are

text: undemocratic

text: But

text: certain

text: key

text: portions

text: of

text: their

text: civil

text: procedure

text: laws

text: have

text: been

text: modified

text: by

text: their

text: legislatures

text: to

text: bring

text: them

text: closer

text: to

text: federal

text: civil

text: procedure

question: Which states have not adopted FRCP?

answer: New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant

text: New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant

question: How do New York, Illinois and California maintain civil procedure laws?

answer: codified statutes enacted by the state legislature

text: codified statutes enacted by the state legislature

question: What should New York, Illinois and California be using instead of codified statutes?

answer: court rules promulgated by the state supreme court

text: court rules promulgated by the state supreme court

question: Which three states adopted the FRCP?

text: New York, Illinois, and California

question: How many states no longer have civil procedure laws from state legislature?

text: three

question: What did California claim was wrong with state legislature?

text: undemocratic

question: California refuses to use codified statutes instead of what?

question: Key portions of what were changed to make the legislature more distinct?

text: civil procedure laws