text: In the early 21st century, Republican voters control most of the state, especially in the more rural and suburban areas outside of the cities; Democratic strength is mostly confined to the urban cores of the four major cities, and is particularly strong in the cities of Nashville and Memphis. The latter area includes a large African-American population. Historically, Republicans had their greatest strength in East Tennessee before the 1960s. Tennessee's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville, respectively, are among the few historically Republican districts in the South. Those districts' residents supported the Union over the Confederacy during the Civil War; they identified with the GOP after the war and have stayed with that party ever since. The 1st has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans (or their antecedents) have held it for all but four years since 1859. The 2nd has been held continuously by Republicans or their antecedents since 1859.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Republican

text: voters

text: control

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: more

text: rural

text: and

text: suburban

text: areas

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: cities

text: Democratic

text: strength

text: is

text: mostly

text: confined

text: to

text: the

text: urban

text: cores

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: major

text: cities

text: and

text: is

text: particularly

text: strong

text: in

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Nashville

text: and

text: Memphis

text: The

text: latter

text: area

text: includes

text: a

text: large

text: African

text: American

text: population

text: Historically

text: Republicans

text: had

text: their

text: greatest

text: strength

text: in

text: East

text: Tennessee

text: before

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: 's

text: and

text: congressional

text: districts

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Tri

text: Cities

text: and

text: Knoxville

text: respectively

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: few

text: historically

text: Republican

text: districts

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Those

text: districts

text: residents

text: supported

text: the

text: Union

text: over

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: they

text: identified

text: with

text: the

text: GOP

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: have

text: stayed

text: with

text: that

text: party

text: ever

text: since

text: The

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: Republican

text: hands

text: continuously

text: since

text: and

text: Republicans

text: or

text: their

text: antecedents

text: have

text: held

text: it

text: for

text: all

text: but

text: four

text: years

text: since

text: The

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: continuously

text: by

text: Republicans

text: or

text: their

text: antecedents

text: since

question: Which two Tennessee cities are most supportive of the Democratic Party?

answer: Nashville and Memphis

text: Nashville and Memphis

question: Which Tennessee city has the largest African-American population?

answer: Memphis

text: Memphis

question: Which two eastern Tennessee congressional districts have the longest track record of favoring Republican candidates?

answer: 1st and 2nd

text: 1st and 2nd

question: Since which year has Tennessee's 1st congressional district voted overwhelmingly Republican?

answer: 1881

question: Which two Tennessee metropolitan areas have been most supportive of the Republican Party?

answer: Tri-Cities and Knoxville

text: Tri-Cities and Knoxville


text: A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or "standard language") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the "correct" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a correct spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature that employs that dialect (prose, poetry, non-fiction, etc.). There may be multiple standard dialects associated with a single language. For example, Standard American English, Standard British English, Standard Canadian English, Standard Indian English, Standard Australian English, and Standard Philippine English may all be said to be standard dialects of the English language.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: A

text: standard

text: dialect

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: standardized

text: dialect

text: or

text: standard

text: language

text: is

text: a

text: dialect

text: that

text: is

text: supported

text: by

text: institutions

text: Such

text: institutional

text: support

text: may

text: include

text: government

text: recognition

text: or

text: designation

text: presentation

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: correct

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: language

text: in

text: schools

text: published

text: grammars

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: textbooks

text: that

text: set

text: forth

text: a

text: correct

text: spoken

text: and

text: written

text: form

text: and

text: an

text: extensive

text: formal

text: literature

text: that

text: employs

text: that

text: dialect

text: prose

text: poetry

text: non

text: fiction

text: etc

text: There

text: may

text: be

text: multiple

text: standard

text: dialects

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: language

text: For

text: example

text: Standard

text: American

text: English

text: Standard

text: British

text: English

text: Standard

text: Canadian

text: English

text: Standard

text: Indian

text: English

text: Standard

text: Australian

text: English

text: and

text: Standard

text: Philippine

text: English

text: may

text: all

text: be

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: standard

text: dialects

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: language

question: What is another term for a standard or standardized dialect?

answer: standard language

text: standard language

question: The support of what groups results in a dialect being standardized?

answer: institutions

text: institutions

question: Along with grammars and dictionaries, what publications help a dialect to become standardized?

answer: textbooks

text: textbooks

question: Standard Philippine English is a standard dialect of of what language?

answer: English

text: English

question: Recognition from what body may help a dialect to become standardized?

answer: government

text: government

question: What is the term for a dialect that remains unsupported by institutions?

text: standard dialect

question: There may be only one what associated with multiple languages?

text: standard dialects

question: Standard British Canadian is an example of a dialect of which language?

text: English language.

question: Australian Standard English  is an example of a dialect of which language?

text: English language.

question: Standard British Philippines is an example of a dialect of which language?

text: English language.


text: Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetoception), use visual landmarks as well as olfactory cues.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Navigation

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: senses

text: Many

text: birds

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: sun

text: compass

text: Using

text: the

text: sun

text: for

text: direction

text: involves

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: making

text: compensation

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: time

text: Navigation

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: other

text: abilities

text: including

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: detect

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: magnetoception

text: use

text: visual

text: landmarks

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: olfactory

text: cues

question: What is navigation based on?

answer: a variety of senses

text: a variety of senses

question: What do many birds use as a compass?

answer: sun

text: sun

question: What does using the sun for direction involve?

answer: the need for making compensation based on the time

text: the need for making compensation based on the time

question: What else is navigation based on?

answer: use visual landmarks

text: use visual landmarks

question: What is magnetoception?

answer: the ability to detect magnetic fields

text: the ability to detect magnetic fields


text: Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control, as in research for companies to produce insecticides, but increasingly rely on methods of biological pest control, or biocontrol. Biocontrol uses one organism to reduce the population density of another organism — the pest — and is considered a key element of integrated pest management.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Many

text: insects

text: are

text: considered

text: pests

text: by

text: humans

text: Insects

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: pests

text: include

text: those

text: that

text: are

text: parasitic

text: e.g.

text: lice

text: bed

text: bugs

text: transmit

text: diseases

text: mosquitoes

text: flies

text: damage

text: structures

text: termites

text: or

text: destroy

text: agricultural

text: goods

text: locusts

text: weevils

text: Many

text: entomologists

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: pest

text: control

text: as

text: in

text: research

text: for

text: companies

text: to

text: produce

text: insecticides

text: but

text: increasingly

text: rely

text: on

text: methods

text: of

text: biological

text: pest

text: control

text: or

text: biocontrol

text: Biocontrol

text: uses

text: one

text: organism

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: another

text: organism

text: the

text: pest

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: key

text: element

text: of

text: integrated

text: pest

text: management

question: Humans consider insects as what?

answer: pests

text: pests

question: Lice and bed bugs are considered what kind of insect?

answer: parasitic

text: parasitic

question: Flies and what other kind of insect transmit diseases?

answer: mosquitoes

text: mosquitoes

question: What kind of insect can damage architectural structures?

answer: termites

text: termites

question: Locusts destroy what?

answer: agricultural goods

text: agricultural goods


text: The concept of nobility flourished in New Spain in a way not seen in other parts of the Americas. Spaniards encountered a society in which the concept of nobility mirrored that of their own. Spaniards respected the indigenous order of nobility and added to it. In the ensuing centuries, possession of a noble title in Mexico did not mean one exercised great political power, for one's power was limited even if the accumulation of wealth was not. The concept of nobility in Mexico was not political but rather a very conservative Spanish social one, based on proving the worthiness of the family. Most of these families proved their worth by making fortunes in New Spain outside of the city itself, then spending the revenues in the capital, building churches, supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes. The craze to build the most opulent residence possible reached its height in the last half of the 18th century. Many of these palaces can still be seen today, leading to Mexico City's nickname of "The city of palaces" given by Alexander Von Humboldt.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: nobility

text: flourished

text: in

text: New

text: Spain

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: not

text: seen

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: Spaniards

text: encountered

text: a

text: society

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: nobility

text: mirrored

text: that

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: Spaniards

text: respected

text: the

text: indigenous

text: order

text: of

text: nobility

text: and

text: added

text: to

text: it

text: In

text: the

text: ensuing

text: centuries

text: possession

text: of

text: a

text: noble

text: title

text: in

text: Mexico

text: did

text: not

text: mean

text: one

text: exercised

text: great

text: political

text: power

text: for

text: one

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: limited

text: even

text: if

text: the

text: accumulation

text: of

text: wealth

text: was

text: not

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: nobility

text: in

text: Mexico

text: was

text: not

text: political

text: but

text: rather

text: a

text: very

text: conservative

text: Spanish

text: social

text: one

text: based

text: on

text: proving

text: the

text: worthiness

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Most

text: of

text: these

text: families

text: proved

text: their

text: worth

text: by

text: making

text: fortunes

text: in

text: New

text: Spain

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: itself

text: then

text: spending

text: the

text: revenues

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: building

text: churches

text: supporting

text: charities

text: and

text: building

text: extravagant

text: palatial

text: homes

text: The

text: craze

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: most

text: opulent

text: residence

text: possible

text: reached

text: its

text: height

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: palaces

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: today

text: leading

text: to

text: Mexico

text: City

text: 's

text: nickname

text: of

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: palaces

text: given

text: by

text: Alexander

text: Von

text: Humboldt

question: What is a common nickname for Mexico City?

answer: The city of palaces

text: The city of palaces

question: How did mexican nobles spend money in Mexico City?

answer: building churches, supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes

text: building churches, supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes

question: When did the construction of exuberant houses slow down?

answer: the last half of the 18th century

text: the last half of the 18th century


text: This boom was reflected in the growth of artistic and cultural pursuits. Some of the most emblematic buildings of the city were built during this period, including the Serranos Towers (1392), the Lonja (1482), the Miguelete and the Chapel of the Kings of the Convent of Santo Domingo. In painting and sculpture, Flemish and Italian trends had an influence on artists such as Lluís Dalmau, Peris Gonçal and Damià Forment. Literature flourished with the patronage of the court of Alfonso the Magnanimous, supporting authors like Ausiàs March, Roiç de Corella, and Isabel de Villena. By 1460 Joanot Martorell wrote Tirant lo Blanch, an innovative novel of chivalry that influenced many later writers, from Cervantes to Shakespeare. Ausiàs March was one of the first poets to use the everyday language Valencian, instead of the troubadour language, Occitan. Also around this time, between 1499 and 1502, the University of Valencia was founded under the parsimonious name of Estudio General ("studium generale", place of general studies).

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: This

text: boom

text: was

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: artistic

text: and

text: cultural

text: pursuits

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: emblematic

text: buildings

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: were

text: built

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: including

text: the

text: Serranos

text: Towers

text: the

text: Lonja

text: the

text: Miguelete

text: and

text: the

text: Chapel

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: of

text: the

text: Convent

text: of

text: Santo

text: Domingo

text: In

text: painting

text: and

text: sculpture

text: Flemish

text: and

text: Italian

text: trends

text: had

text: an

text: influence

text: on

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Lluís

text: Dalmau

text: Peris

text: Gonçal

text: and

text: Damià

text: Forment

text: Literature

text: flourished

text: with

text: the

text: patronage

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: Alfonso

text: the

text: Magnanimous

text: supporting

text: authors

text: like

text: Ausiàs

text: March

text: Roiç

text: de

text: Corella

text: and

text: Isabel

text: de

text: Villena

text: By

text: Joanot

text: Martorell

text: wrote

text: Tirant

text: lo

text: Blanch

text: an

text: innovative

text: novel

text: of

text: chivalry

text: that

text: influenced

text: many

text: later

text: writers

text: from

text: Cervantes

text: to

text: Shakespeare

text: Ausiàs

text: March

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: poets

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: everyday

text: language

text: Valencian

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: troubadour

text: language

text: Occitan

text: Also

text: around

text: this

text: time

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Valencia

text: was

text: founded

text: under

text: the

text: parsimonious

text: name

text: of

text: Estudio

text: General

text: studium

text: generale

text: place

text: of

text: general

text: studies

question: When were the Serranos Towers constructed?

answer: 1392

question: What influential novel did Joanot Martorell write?

answer: Tirant lo Blanch

text: Tirant lo Blanch

question: Who was an early poet to use Valencian?

answer: Ausiàs March

text: Ausiàs March

question: When was the University of Valencia founded?

answer: between 1499 and 1502

text: between 1499 and 1502

question: What was the University of Valencia's original name?

answer: Estudio General

text: Estudio General


text: During Mubarak's reign, the political scene was dominated by the National Democratic Party, which was created by Sadat in 1978. It passed the 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law which hampered freedoms of association and expression by imposing new regulations and draconian penalties on violations.[citation needed] As a result, by the late 1990s parliamentary politics had become virtually irrelevant and alternative avenues for political expression were curtailed as well.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: During

text: Mubarak

text: 's

text: reign

text: the

text: political

text: scene

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: which

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Sadat

text: in

text: It

text: passed

text: the

text: Syndicates

text: Law

text: Press

text: Law

text: and

text: Nongovernmental

text: Associations

text: Law

text: which

text: hampered

text: freedoms

text: of

text: association

text: and

text: expression

text: by

text: imposing

text: new

text: regulations

text: and

text: draconian

text: penalties

text: on

text: violations.[citation

text: needed

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: parliamentary

text: politics

text: had

text: become

text: virtually

text: irrelevant

text: and

text: alternative

text: avenues

text: for

text: political

text: expression

text: were

text: curtailed

text: as

text: well

question: What group dominated the political scene when Mubarak was in power?

answer: National Democratic Party,

text: National Democratic Party,

question: What laws created in 1990s impacted culture?

answer: 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law

text: 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law

question: When did parliamentary politics become irrelevant in Egypt?

answer: late 1990s

text: late 1990s


text: An example of the first view is the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment of rules for the conduct of the courts, by the Congress and in the states the legislatures. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court, the Congress holds these powers and delegates them to the Supreme Court only for convenience in light of the Supreme Court's expertise, but can withdraw that delegation at any time.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: view

text: is

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: attorneys

text: and

text: judges

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: rules

text: for

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: the

text: courts

text: by

text: the

text: Congress

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: the

text: legislatures

text: Although

text: in

text: practice

text: these

text: matters

text: are

text: delegated

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: the

text: Congress

text: holds

text: these

text: powers

text: and

text: delegates

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: only

text: for

text: convenience

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: 's

text: expertise

text: but

text: can

text: withdraw

text: that

text: delegation

text: at

text: any

text: time

question: Who has congress delegated the responsibility of establishing the rules of conduct for the courts to?

answer: the Supreme Court

text: the Supreme Court

question: The regulation of Congress is an example of what?

text: the first view

question: While Supreme Court holds these powers, who does it delegate them to?

text: Congress

question: In practice, what is delegated to Congress?

question: What is Congress unable to withdraw?

text: delegation


text: Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. The 2007 US change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy-consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change in order to allow extra daylight for the evening of October 31.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Start

text: and

text: end

text: dates

text: vary

text: with

text: location

text: and

text: year

text: Since

text: European

text: Summer

text: Time

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: Sunday

text: in

text: March

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: Sunday

text: in

text: October

text: previously

text: the

text: rules

text: were

text: not

text: uniform

text: across

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Starting

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: observe

text: DST

text: from

text: the

text: second

text: Sunday

text: in

text: March

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: Sunday

text: in

text: November

text: almost

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: US

text: change

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Energy

text: Policy

text: Act

text: of

text: previously

text: from

text: through

text: the

text: start

text: and

text: end

text: dates

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: Sunday

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: Sunday

text: in

text: October

text: and

text: Congress

text: retains

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: go

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: previous

text: dates

text: now

text: that

text: an

text: energy

text: consumption

text: study

text: has

text: been

text: done

text: Proponents

text: for

text: permanently

text: retaining

text: November

text: as

text: the

text: month

text: for

text: ending

text: DST

text: point

text: to

text: Halloween

text: as

text: a

text: reason

text: to

text: delay

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: allow

text: extra

text: daylight

text: for

text: the

text: evening

text: of

text: October

question: What year did the European Union standardize their Summer Time?

answer: 1996

question: European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month?

answer: October

text: October

question: What act in the U.S. brought about the 2007 change in DST policy?

answer: the Energy Policy Act of 2005

text: the Energy Policy Act of 2005

question: What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006?

answer: Congress

text: Congress

question: Supporters of the November end to DST name what U.S. holiday as the justification for keeping the change through the end of October?

answer: Halloween

text: Halloween


text: The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927. This built on the mechanical integrators of James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman. A dozen of these devices were built before their obsolescence became obvious.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: The

text: art

text: of

text: mechanical

text: analog

text: computing

text: reached

text: its

text: zenith

text: with

text: the

text: differential

text: analyzer

text: built

text: by

text: H.

text: L.

text: Hazen

text: and

text: Vannevar

text: Bush

text: at

text: MIT

text: starting

text: in

text: This

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: mechanical

text: integrators

text: of

text: James

text: Thomson

text: and

text: the

text: torque

text: amplifiers

text: invented

text: by

text: H.

text: W.

text: Nieman

text: A

text: dozen

text: of

text: these

text: devices

text: were

text: built

text: before

text: their

text: obsolescence

text: became

text: obvious

question: Where was the differential analyzer built by H.L. Hazen?

answer: MIT

text: MIT

question: The differential analyzer by H.L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush was first being built in what year?

answer: 1927

question: The torque amplifiers of the differential analyzer were created by whom?

answer: H. W. Nieman

text: H. W. Nieman


text: Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "blackness" vary. For example, in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or majority ethnic ancestry, but it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. In South Africa and Latin America, for instance, mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black." In South Pacific regions such as Australia and Melanesia, European colonists applied the term "black" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Different

text: societies

text: apply

text: differing

text: criteria

text: regarding

text: who

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: black

text: and

text: these

text: social

text: constructs

text: have

text: also

text: changed

text: over

text: time

text: In

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: countries

text: societal

text: variables

text: affect

text: classification

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: skin

text: color

text: and

text: the

text: social

text: criteria

text: for

text: blackness

text: vary

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: people

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: an

text: indicator

text: of

text: skin

text: color

text: or

text: majority

text: ethnic

text: ancestry

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: instead

text: a

text: socially

text: based

text: racial

text: classification

text: related

text: to

text: being

text: African

text: American

text: with

text: a

text: family

text: history

text: associated

text: with

text: institutionalized

text: slavery

text: In

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: for

text: instance

text: mixed

text: race

text: people

text: are

text: generally

text: not

text: classified

text: as

text: black

text: In

text: South

text: Pacific

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: Australia

text: and

text: Melanesia

text: European

text: colonists

text: applied

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: or

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: populations

text: with

text: different

text: histories

text: and

text: ethnic

text: origin

question: Do all societies use the term "black" the same?

answer: Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black"

text: Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black"

question: What factors can affect the classification of "blackness"?

answer: societal variables

text: societal variables

question: Are mixed race people classified as black?

answer: mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black."

text: mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black."

question: How is the term "black" defined in the United States?

answer: it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.

text: it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.

question: How did European Colonists use the term "Black"?

answer: European colonists applied the term "black" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.

text: European colonists applied the term "black" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.


text: In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: "river". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: "flow, river", da:-nu: "any moving liquid, drops", da: navo "people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC).

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: In

text: Homer

text: 's

text: Iliad

text: the

text: names

text: Danaans

text: or

text: Danaoi

text: Δαναοί

text: and

text: Argives

text: Argives

text: Αργείοι

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: designate

text: the

text: Greek

text: forces

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: Trojans

text: The

text: myth

text: of

text: Danaus

text: whose

text: origin

text: is

text: Egypt

text: is

text: a

text: foundation

text: legend

text: of

text: Argos

text: His

text: daughters

text: Danaides

text: were

text: forced

text: in

text: Tartarus

text: to

text: carry

text: a

text: jug

text: to

text: fill

text: a

text: bathtub

text: without

text: a

text: bottom

text: This

text: myth

text: is

text: connected

text: with

text: a

text: task

text: that

text: can

text: never

text: be

text: fulfilled

text: Sisyphos

text: and

text: the

text: name

text: can

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: PIE

text: root

text: danu

text: river

text: There

text: is

text: not

text: any

text: satisfactory

text: theory

text: on

text: their

text: origin

text: Some

text: scholars

text: connect

text: Danaans

text: with

text: the

text: Denyen

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: groups

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: peoples

text: who

text: attacked

text: Egypt

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Ramesses

text: III

text: BCE

text: The

text: same

text: inscription

text: mentions

text: the

text: Weshesh

text: who

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: Achaeans

text: The

text: Denyen

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Adana

text: in

text: Cilicia

text: Pottery

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Mycenae

text: itself

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Tarsus

text: of

text: Cilicia

text: and

text: it

text: seems

text: that

text: some

text: refugees

text: from

text: the

text: Aegean

text: went

text: there

text: after

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Mycenean

text: civilization

text: These

text: Cilicians

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: called

text: Dananiyim

text: the

text: same

text: word

text: as

text: Danaoi

text: who

text: attacked

text: Egypt

text: in

text: BC

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Quaouash

text: or

text: Weshesh

text: who

text: may

text: be

text: Achaeans

text: They

text: were

text: also

text: called

text: Danuna

text: according

text: to

text: a

text: Hittite

text: inscription

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Amarna

text: letters

text: Julius

text: Pokorny

text: reconstructs

text: the

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: PIE

text: root

text: da:-

text: flow

text: river

text: da

text: nu

text: any

text: moving

text: liquid

text: drops

text: da

text: navo

text: people

text: living

text: by

text: the

text: river

text: Skyth

text: nomadic

text: people

text: in

text: Rigveda

text: water

text: demons

text: fem

text: Da

text: nu

text: primordial

text: goddess

text: in

text: Greek

text: Danaoi

text: Egypt

text: Danuna

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: possible

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: Danaans

text: is

text: pre

text: Greek

text: A

text: country

text: Danaja

text: with

text: a

text: city

text: Mukana

text: propaply

text: Mycenea

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: inscriptions

text: from

text: Egypt

text: from

text: Amenophis

text: III

text: BC

text: Thutmosis

text: III

text: BC

question: In Homer's poems who were the Greeks at odds with ?

answer: Trojans

text: Trojans

question: From where did the basis of the Argos tales originate ?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: What did the female descendants of Argos have to accomplish ?

answer: His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom

text: His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom

question: What community did the Denyen live in ?

answer: Denyen

text: Denyen

question: What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 BC ?

answer: A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt

text: A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt

question: In Homer's poems who were the Greeks not at odds with?

text: Trojans

question: From where did the basis of the Argos tales not originate?

text: Egypt

question: What did the male descendants of Argos have to accomplish?

question: What country is spoken of in the inscriptions of a country in Northern Africa from 1390-1352 AD?

text: inscriptions from Egypt


text: Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Among

text: all

text: railway

text: stations

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: passenger

text: rail

text: service

text: is

text: mainly

text: provided

text: by

text: Nanjing

text: Railway

text: Station

text: and

text: Nanjing

text: South

text: Railway

text: Station

text: while

text: other

text: stations

text: like

text: Nanjing

text: West

text: Railway

text: Station

text: Zhonghuamen

text: Railway

text: Station

text: and

text: Xianlin

text: Railway

text: Station

text: serve

text: minor

text: roles

text: Nanjing

text: Railway

text: Station

text: was

text: first

text: built

text: in

text: In

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: station

text: was

text: burnt

text: in

text: a

text: serious

text: fire

text: Reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: station

text: was

text: finished

text: on

text: September

text: Nanjing

text: South

text: Railway

text: Station

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: hub

text: stations

text: on

text: Beijing

text: Shanghai

text: High

text: Speed

text: Railway

text: has

text: officially

text: been

text: claimed

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: railway

text: station

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: GFA

text: Gross

text: Floor

text: Area

text: Construction

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: South

text: Station

text: began

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: station

text: was

text: opened

text: for

text: public

text: service

text: in

question: How many railway stations are there in Nanjing?

answer: 17

question: Which are the two most prominent railway stations?

answer: Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station

text: Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station

question: When was the Nanjing Railway Station originally constructed?

answer: 1968

question: In what year was the Nanjing Railway Station re-built?

answer: 2005

question: Which station is one of the 5 hub stations on the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway line?

answer: Nanjing South Railway Station

text: Nanjing South Railway Station


text: Immunological research continues to become more specialized, pursuing non-classical models of immunity and functions of cells, organs and systems not previously associated with the immune system (Yemeserach 2010).

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Immunological

text: research

text: continues

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: specialized

text: pursuing

text: non

text: classical

text: models

text: of

text: immunity

text: and

text: functions

text: of

text: cells

text: organs

text: and

text: systems

text: not

text: previously

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: Yemeserach

question: In the field of immunology, what aspect is becoming more specialized?

answer: research

text: research

question: What new areas are immunologists studying with more frequency?

answer: non-classical models of immunity

text: non-classical models of immunity

question: The latest research into newer aspects of immunology is focused on what three elements of the body?

answer: cells, organs and systems

text: cells, organs and systems

question: These three elements of the body are of new interest for what reason?

answer: not previously associated with the immune system

text: not previously associated with the immune system


text: Across London, Black and Asian children outnumber White British children by about six to four in state schools. Altogether at the 2011 census, of London's 1,624,768 population aged 0 to 15, 46.4 per cent were White, 19.8 per cent were Asian, 19 per cent were Black, 10.8 per cent were Mixed and 4 per cent represented another ethnic group. In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken in London and more than 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000. Figures from the Office for National Statistics show that, in 2010[update], London's foreign-born population was 2,650,000 (33 per cent), up from 1,630,000 in 1997.

title: London

title: London

text: Across

text: London

text: Black

text: and

text: Asian

text: children

text: outnumber

text: White

text: British

text: children

text: by

text: about

text: six

text: to

text: four

text: in

text: state

text: schools

text: Altogether

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: of

text: London

text: 's

text: population

text: aged

text: to

text: per

text: cent

text: were

text: White

text: per

text: cent

text: were

text: Asian

text: per

text: cent

text: were

text: Black

text: per

text: cent

text: were

text: Mixed

text: and

text: per

text: cent

text: represented

text: another

text: ethnic

text: group

text: In

text: January

text: a

text: survey

text: of

text: London

text: 's

text: ethnic

text: and

text: religious

text: diversity

text: claimed

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: more

text: than

text: languages

text: spoken

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: non

text: indigenous

text: communities

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: Figures

text: from

text: the

text: Office

text: for

text: National

text: Statistics

text: show

text: that

text: in

text: London

text: 's

text: foreign

text: born

text: population

text: was

text: per

text: cent

text: up

text: from

text: in

question: What is the ratio of black and Asian schoolchildren to white schoolchildren?

answer: about six to four

text: about six to four

question: What was the approximate population of London children aged 0 to 15 years at the time of the 2011 census?

answer: 1,624,768

question: According to the 2011 London census, what percentage of children were black?

answer: 19 per cent

text: 19 per cent

question: The 2011 census in London found what percentage of children to be white?

answer: 46.4

question: A 2005 survey indicated that how many communities comprised of non-indigenous people existed in London?

answer: more than 50

text: more than 50


text: The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise their own algorithms suitable for removing parts of the information from the audio input. As a result, there are many different MP3 encoders available, each producing files of differing quality. Comparisons are widely available, so it is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice. An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates (such as LAME) is not necessarily as good at lower bit rates.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: The

text: standard

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: a

text: precise

text: specification

text: for

text: an

text: encoder

text: but

text: does

text: provide

text: example

text: psychoacoustic

text: models

text: rate

text: loop

text: and

text: the

text: like

text: in

text: the

text: non

text: normative

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: standard

text: At

text: present

text: these

text: suggested

text: implementations

text: are

text: quite

text: dated

text: Implementers

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: were

text: supposed

text: to

text: devise

text: their

text: own

text: algorithms

text: suitable

text: for

text: removing

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: audio

text: input

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: different

text: encoders

text: available

text: each

text: producing

text: files

text: of

text: differing

text: quality

text: Comparisons

text: are

text: widely

text: available

text: so

text: it

text: is

text: easy

text: for

text: a

text: prospective

text: user

text: of

text: an

text: encoder

text: to

text: research

text: the

text: best

text: choice

text: An

text: encoder

text: that

text: is

text: proficient

text: at

text: encoding

text: at

text: higher

text: bit

text: rates

text: such

text: as

text: LAME

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: as

text: good

text: at

text: lower

text: bit

text: rates

question: Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder?

answer: MPEG-1

question: Example psychoacoustic models and rate loops can be foundin which part of the original standard?

answer: non-normative

text: non-normative

question: What were implementers of the standard supposed to devise?

answer: their own algorithms

text: their own algorithms

question: It is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice because of what factor?

answer: Comparisons are widely available

text: Comparisons are widely available

question: An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what?

answer: lower bit rates

text: lower bit rates


text: A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D score. Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from 10.0. This score is called the E score. The final score is calculated by taking deductions from the E score, and adding the result to the D score. Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: A

text: gymnast

text: 's

text: score

text: comes

text: from

text: deductions

text: taken

text: from

text: their

text: start

text: value

text: The

text: start

text: value

text: of

text: a

text: routine

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: the

text: gymnast

text: attempts

text: and

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: the

text: gymnast

text: meets

text: composition

text: requirements

text: The

text: composition

text: requirements

text: are

text: different

text: for

text: each

text: apparatus

text: this

text: score

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: D

text: score

text: Deductions

text: in

text: execution

text: and

text: artistry

text: are

text: taken

text: from

text: This

text: score

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: E

text: score

text: The

text: final

text: score

text: is

text: calculated

text: by

text: taking

text: deductions

text: from

text: the

text: E

text: score

text: and

text: adding

text: the

text: result

text: to

text: the

text: D

text: score

text: Since

text: the

text: scoring

text: system

text: has

text: changed

text: by

text: adding

text: bonus

text: plus

text: the

text: execution

text: and

text: then

text: adding

text: those

text: two

text: together

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: final

text: score

question: How are gymnasts scored?

answer: from deductions taken from their start value

text: from deductions taken from their start value

question: How is the start vaule determined?

answer: e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements

text: e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements

question: What is this score called?

answer: D score

text: D score

question: Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from what score?

answer: 10.0

question: What were added to scoring in 2007?

answer: adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score

text: adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score

question: What is another name for a 10.0?

text: start value

question: What is it called when a gymnast barely passes?

text: this score is called the D score.

question: What score is determined by the fans?

text: E score

question: When was the E score first implemented?

question: What deductions are taken from the E score?

text: Deductions in execution and artistry


text: Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unaltered by two sessions of the Storting, constituted after two separate successive elections and separated from each other by at least two intervening sessions of the Storting, without a divergent Bill having been passed by any Storting in the period between the first and last adoption, and it is then submitted to the King with a petition that His Majesty shall not refuse his assent to a Bill which, after the most mature deliberation, the Storting considers to be beneficial, it shall become law even if the Royal Assent is not accorded before the Storting goes into recess."

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: Articles

text: of

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Constitution

text: specifically

text: grant

text: the

text: monarch

text: of

text: Norway

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: withhold

text: royal

text: assent

text: from

text: any

text: bill

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: Storting

text: Should

text: the

text: sovereign

text: ever

text: choose

text: to

text: exercise

text: this

text: privilege

text: Article

text: provides

text: a

text: means

text: by

text: which

text: his

text: veto

text: may

text: be

text: over

text: ridden

text: If

text: a

text: Bill

text: has

text: been

text: passed

text: unaltered

text: by

text: two

text: sessions

text: of

text: the

text: Storting

text: constituted

text: after

text: two

text: separate

text: successive

text: elections

text: and

text: separated

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: intervening

text: sessions

text: of

text: the

text: Storting

text: without

text: a

text: divergent

text: Bill

text: having

text: been

text: passed

text: by

text: any

text: Storting

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: last

text: adoption

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: then

text: submitted

text: to

text: the

text: King

text: with

text: a

text: petition

text: that

text: His

text: Majesty

text: shall

text: not

text: refuse

text: his

text: assent

text: to

text: a

text: Bill

text: which

text: after

text: the

text: most

text: mature

text: deliberation

text: the

text: Storting

text: considers

text: to

text: be

text: beneficial

text: it

text: shall

text: become

text: law

text: even

text: if

text: the

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: is

text: not

text: accorded

text: before

text: the

text: Storting

text: goes

text: into

text: recess

question: Which articles in the Norwegian Constitution allow the monarch to reject a bill that has been passed through the Sorting?

answer: Articles 77–79

text: Articles 77–79

question: Which article in the Norweigan Constitution provides a way to override a monarch's veto?

answer: Article 79

text: Article 79

question: How many elections are required to assend a bill that the monarch has vetoed?

answer: two

text: two

question: Articles 67-69 of the Norwegian Constitution grant what?

question: Which article provides a means by which a sovereigns' veto may not be over-ridden?

question: Which articles of the Norwegian Constitution do not grant the monarch the right to withhold royal assent?

question: The monarch of New England can withhold royal assent according to which articles?


text: The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The settlement of peoples was accompanied by changes in languages. The Latin of the Western Roman Empire was gradually replaced by languages based on, but distinct from, Latin, collectively known as Romance languages. These changes from Latin to the new languages took many centuries. Greek remained the language of the Byzantine Empire, but the migrations of the Slavs added Slavonic languages to Eastern Europe.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: invasions

text: brought

text: new

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: to

text: Europe

text: although

text: some

text: regions

text: received

text: a

text: larger

text: influx

text: of

text: new

text: peoples

text: than

text: others

text: In

text: Gaul

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: invaders

text: settled

text: much

text: more

text: extensively

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: Slavic

text: peoples

text: settled

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Peninsula

text: The

text: settlement

text: of

text: peoples

text: was

text: accompanied

text: by

text: changes

text: in

text: languages

text: The

text: Latin

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: gradually

text: replaced

text: by

text: languages

text: based

text: on

text: but

text: distinct

text: from

text: Latin

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: Romance

text: languages

text: These

text: changes

text: from

text: Latin

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: languages

text: took

text: many

text: centuries

text: Greek

text: remained

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: but

text: the

text: migrations

text: of

text: the

text: Slavs

text: added

text: Slavonic

text: languages

text: to

text: Eastern

text: Europe

question: People of what ethnicity settled in the Balkan Peninsula?

answer: Slavic

text: Slavic

question: In what geographic region did most of the invaders settle in Gaul?

answer: north-east

text: north-east

question: What is the collective name for languages derived from Latin?

answer: Romance languages

text: Romance languages

question: What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What languages were spoken by the Slavs?

answer: Slavonic

text: Slavonic


text: Near East (French: Proche-Orient) is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia. Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire. The term has fallen into disuse in English, and has been replaced by the term Middle East.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Near

text: East

text: French

text: Proche

text: Orient

text: is

text: a

text: geographical

text: term

text: that

text: roughly

text: encompasses

text: Western

text: Asia

text: Despite

text: having

text: varying

text: definitions

text: within

text: different

text: academic

text: circles

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: originally

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: maximum

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: term

text: has

text: fallen

text: into

text: disuse

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: Middle

text: East

question: What is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia?

answer: Near East (French: Proche-Orient)

text: Near East (French: Proche-Orient)

question: The term near east was originally applies to the maximum extent of what empire?

answer: Ottoman Empire

text: Ottoman Empire

question: The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language?

answer: English

text: English

question: What has replaced the term Near East?

answer: Middle East

text: Middle East


text: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum, with each end representing opposite extremes. When compared on the same scale, they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa. However, if they are considered as separate dimensions one can be simultaneously very masculine and very feminine. Similarly, considering heterosexuality and homosexuality on separate scales would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either. When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: A

text: third

text: concern

text: with

text: the

text: Kinsey

text: scale

text: is

text: that

text: it

text: inappropriately

text: measures

text: heterosexuality

text: and

text: homosexuality

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: scale

text: making

text: one

text: a

text: tradeoff

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: Research

text: in

text: the

text: on

text: masculinity

text: and

text: femininity

text: found

text: that

text: concepts

text: of

text: masculinity

text: and

text: femininity

text: are

text: more

text: appropriately

text: measured

text: as

text: independent

text: concepts

text: on

text: a

text: separate

text: scale

text: rather

text: than

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: continuum

text: with

text: each

text: end

text: representing

text: opposite

text: extremes

text: When

text: compared

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: scale

text: they

text: act

text: as

text: tradeoffs

text: such

text: whereby

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: feminine

text: one

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: less

text: masculine

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: However

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: considered

text: as

text: separate

text: dimensions

text: one

text: can

text: be

text: simultaneously

text: very

text: masculine

text: and

text: very

text: feminine

text: Similarly

text: considering

text: heterosexuality

text: and

text: homosexuality

text: on

text: separate

text: scales

text: would

text: allow

text: one

text: to

text: be

text: both

text: very

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: very

text: homosexual

text: or

text: not

text: very

text: much

text: of

text: either

text: When

text: they

text: are

text: measured

text: independently

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: homosexual

text: can

text: be

text: independently

text: determined

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: balance

text: between

text: heterosexual

text: and

text: homosexual

text: as

text: determined

text: using

text: the

text: Kinsey

text: Scale

question: What was a concern of the Kinsey scale?

answer: it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality

text: it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality

question: How are masculinity and femininity more appropriately measured?

answer: as independent concepts on a separate scale

text: as independent concepts on a separate scale

question: What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale?

answer: they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa

text: they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa

question: What is the advantage of measuring these elements separately?

answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual

text: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual

question: What is considered to be a problem with the Kinsey scale?

answer: inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale

text: inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale

question: What did the research performed in the 1970s show about masculinity and feminity?

answer: more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum

text: more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum

question: What would be possible if homesexuality and heterosexuality where measured on different scales?

answer: would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either.

text: would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either.

question: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale?

answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined,

text: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined,


text: By August, the KPA had pushed back the ROK Army and the Eighth United States Army to the vicinity of Pusan in southeast Korea. In their southward advance, the KPA purged the Republic of Korea's intelligentsia by killing civil servants and intellectuals. On 20 August, General MacArthur warned North Korean leader Kim Il-sung that he was responsible for the KPA's atrocities. By September, the UN Command controlled the Pusan perimeter, enclosing about 10% of Korea, in a line partially defined by the Nakdong River.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: By

text: August

text: the

text: KPA

text: had

text: pushed

text: back

text: the

text: ROK

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: Eighth

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: to

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Pusan

text: in

text: southeast

text: Korea

text: In

text: their

text: southward

text: advance

text: the

text: KPA

text: purged

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: 's

text: intelligentsia

text: by

text: killing

text: civil

text: servants

text: and

text: intellectuals

text: On

text: August

text: General

text: MacArthur

text: warned

text: North

text: Korean

text: leader

text: Kim

text: Il

text: sung

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: KPA

text: 's

text: atrocities

text: By

text: September

text: the

text: UN

text: Command

text: controlled

text: the

text: Pusan

text: perimeter

text: enclosing

text: about

text: of

text: Korea

text: in

text: a

text: line

text: partially

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Nakdong

text: River

question: How did the KPA hurt the Republic of Korea's intellectual core?

answer: by killing civil servants and intellectuals

text: by killing civil servants and intellectuals

question: Who was held responsible for the actions of the KPA?

answer: Kim Il-sung

text: Kim Il-sung

question: Where did the Eighth United States and ROK get pushed back to?

answer: southeast Korea

text: southeast Korea

question: What body of water provided a natural border to the UN command-controlled Pusan perimeter?

answer: Nakdong River

text: Nakdong River

question: How much of Korea was under the control of the United Nations?

answer: 10%


text: Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.[citation needed]

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Consent

text: is

text: also

text: invalid

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: given

text: by

text: a

text: representative

text: who

text: ignored

text: restrictions

text: he

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: by

text: his

text: sovereign

text: during

text: the

text: negotiations

text: if

text: the

text: other

text: parties

text: to

text: the

text: treaty

text: were

text: notified

text: of

text: those

text: restrictions

text: prior

text: to

text: his

text: signing.[citation

text: needed

question: If a state's representative ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign, what might that state's consent to a treaty be considered to be?

answer: invalid

text: invalid

question: Who might place restrictions on a representative during negotiation of a treaty?

answer: his sovereign

text: his sovereign

question: What must be true of the ignored restrictions placed on a representative by his sovereign in order for a state's consent to a treaty to be considered invalid?

answer: the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing

text: the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing

question: Who must have been notified of the ignored restrictions placed by a sovereign on his representative prior to the signing of a treaty in order for a state's consent to be considered invalid?

answer: the other parties

text: the other parties


text: In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: In

text: early

text: non

text: Arabs

text: of

text: the

text: Zaghawa

text: tribe

text: of

text: Sudan

text: attested

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: victims

text: of

text: an

text: intensifying

text: Arab

text: apartheid

text: campaign

text: segregating

text: Arabs

text: and

text: non

text: Arabs

text: specifically

text: people

text: of

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: descent

text: Sudanese

text: Arabs

text: who

text: controlled

text: the

text: government

text: were

text: widely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: practicing

text: apartheid

text: against

text: Sudan

text: 's

text: non

text: Arab

text: citizens

text: The

text: government

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: deftly

text: manipulat(ing

text: Arab

text: solidarity

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: policies

text: of

text: apartheid

text: and

text: ethnic

text: cleansing

question: When did the Arab apartheid intensify?

answer: early 1991

text: early 1991

question: Who felt persecuted due to the apartheid?

answer: non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe

text: non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe

question: Where did these people live?

answer: Sudan

text: Sudan

question: Who controlled the government?

answer: Sudanese Arabs

text: Sudanese Arabs

question: What was the government being accused of?

answer: deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.

text: deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.


text: In addition, Hegel does believe we can know the structure of God's mind, or ultimate reality. Hegel agrees with Kierkegaard that both reality and humans are incomplete, inasmuch as we are in time, and reality develops through time. But the relation between time and eternity is outside time and this is the "logical structure" that Hegel thinks we can know. Kierkegaard disputes this assertion, because it eliminates the clear distinction between ontology and epistemology. Existence and thought are not identical and one cannot possibly think existence. Thought is always a form of abstraction, and thus not only is pure existence impossible to think, but all forms in existence are unthinkable; thought depends on language, which merely abstracts from experience, thus separating us from lived experience and the living essence of all beings. In addition, because we are finite beings, we cannot possibly know or understand anything that is universal or infinite such as God, so we cannot know God exists, since that which transcends time simultaneously transcends human understanding.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: In

text: addition

text: Hegel

text: does

text: believe

text: we

text: can

text: know

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: mind

text: or

text: ultimate

text: reality

text: Hegel

text: agrees

text: with

text: Kierkegaard

text: that

text: both

text: reality

text: and

text: humans

text: are

text: incomplete

text: inasmuch

text: as

text: we

text: are

text: in

text: time

text: and

text: reality

text: develops

text: through

text: time

text: But

text: the

text: relation

text: between

text: time

text: and

text: eternity

text: is

text: outside

text: time

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: logical

text: structure

text: that

text: Hegel

text: thinks

text: we

text: can

text: know

text: Kierkegaard

text: disputes

text: this

text: assertion

text: because

text: it

text: eliminates

text: the

text: clear

text: distinction

text: between

text: ontology

text: and

text: epistemology

text: Existence

text: and

text: thought

text: are

text: not

text: identical

text: and

text: one

text: can

text: not

text: possibly

text: think

text: existence

text: Thought

text: is

text: always

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: abstraction

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: only

text: is

text: pure

text: existence

text: impossible

text: to

text: think

text: but

text: all

text: forms

text: in

text: existence

text: are

text: unthinkable

text: thought

text: depends

text: on

text: language

text: which

text: merely

text: abstracts

text: from

text: experience

text: thus

text: separating

text: us

text: from

text: lived

text: experience

text: and

text: the

text: living

text: essence

text: of

text: all

text: beings

text: In

text: addition

text: because

text: we

text: are

text: finite

text: beings

text: we

text: can

text: not

text: possibly

text: know

text: or

text: understand

text: anything

text: that

text: is

text: universal

text: or

text: infinite

text: such

text: as

text: God

text: so

text: we

text: can

text: not

text: know

text: God

text: exists

text: since

text: that

text: which

text: transcends

text: time

text: simultaneously

text: transcends

text: human

text: understanding

question: What sort of reality did Hegel perceive God's mind to be?

answer: ultimate

text: ultimate

question: Along with Hegel, who also argued for human incompleteness?

answer: Kierkegaard

text: Kierkegaard

question: According to Hegel, what form does thought necessarily take?

answer: abstraction

text: abstraction

question: Why does Hegel believe we cannot know God?

answer: we are finite beings

text: we are finite beings

question: If something transcends time, what does it, according to Hegel, also transcend?

answer: human understanding

text: human understanding

question: Hegel believes we cannot know what structure?

text: God's mind, or ultimate reality

question: Who argued against Hegel's assertion for human incompleteness?

text: Kierkegaard

question: Kierkegaard eliminated the distinction between what two studies?

text: ontology and epistemology

question: What is always a form of thought?

text: abstraction

question: What does not transcend human understanding according to Hegel?

text: time


text: Erik Erikson (1902-1994) became one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity. The Eriksonian framework rests upon a distinction among the psychological sense of continuity, known as the ego identity (sometimes identified simply as "the self"); the personal idiosyncrasies that separate one person from the next, known as the personal identity; and the collection of social roles that a person might play, known as either the social identity or the cultural identity. Erikson's work, in the psychodynamic tradition, aimed to investigate the process of identity formation across a lifespan. Progressive strength in the ego identity, for example, can be charted in terms of a series of stages in which identity is formed in response to increasingly sophisticated challenges. The process of forming a viable sense of identity for the culture is conceptualized as an adolescent task, and those who do not manage a resynthesis of childhood identifications are seen as being in a state of 'identity diffusion' whereas those who retain their initially given identities unquestioned have 'foreclosed' identities (Weinreich & Saunderson 2003 p7-8). On some readings of Erikson, the development of a strong ego identity, along with the proper integration into a stable society and culture, lead to a stronger sense of identity in general. Accordingly, a deficiency in either of these factors may increase the chance of an identity crisis or confusion (Cote & Levine 2002, p. 22).

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: Erik

text: Erikson

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: psychologists

text: to

text: take

text: an

text: explicit

text: interest

text: in

text: identity

text: The

text: Eriksonian

text: framework

text: rests

text: upon

text: a

text: distinction

text: among

text: the

text: psychological

text: sense

text: of

text: continuity

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: ego

text: identity

text: sometimes

text: identified

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: self

text: the

text: personal

text: idiosyncrasies

text: that

text: separate

text: one

text: person

text: from

text: the

text: next

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: personal

text: identity

text: and

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: social

text: roles

text: that

text: a

text: person

text: might

text: play

text: known

text: as

text: either

text: the

text: social

text: identity

text: or

text: the

text: cultural

text: identity

text: Erikson

text: 's

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: psychodynamic

text: tradition

text: aimed

text: to

text: investigate

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: identity

text: formation

text: across

text: a

text: lifespan

text: Progressive

text: strength

text: in

text: the

text: ego

text: identity

text: for

text: example

text: can

text: be

text: charted

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: stages

text: in

text: which

text: identity

text: is

text: formed

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: increasingly

text: sophisticated

text: challenges

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: forming

text: a

text: viable

text: sense

text: of

text: identity

text: for

text: the

text: culture

text: is

text: conceptualized

text: as

text: an

text: adolescent

text: task

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: manage

text: a

text: resynthesis

text: of

text: childhood

text: identifications

text: are

text: seen

text: as

text: being

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: identity

text: diffusion

text: whereas

text: those

text: who

text: retain

text: their

text: initially

text: given

text: identities

text: unquestioned

text: have

text: foreclosed

text: identities

text: Weinreich

text: Saunderson

text: On

text: some

text: readings

text: of

text: Erikson

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: strong

text: ego

text: identity

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: proper

text: integration

text: into

text: a

text: stable

text: society

text: and

text: culture

text: lead

text: to

text: a

text: stronger

text: sense

text: of

text: identity

text: in

text: general

text: Accordingly

text: a

text: deficiency

text: in

text: either

text: of

text: these

text: factors

text: may

text: increase

text: the

text: chance

text: of

text: an

text: identity

text: crisis

text: or

text: confusion

text: Cote

text: Levine

text: p.

question: Who was one of the earliest psychologists to take an explicit interest in identity?

answer: Erik Erikson

text: Erik Erikson

question: What distinction is sometimes referred to as the self?

answer: ego identity

text: ego identity

question: The personal idiosyncrasies that separate individuals are called what?

answer: the personal identity

text: the personal identity

question: What are the 3 names for the collection of a person's social roles?

answer: the social identity or the cultural identity

text: the social identity or the cultural identity

question: In what tradition is Erikson's work to track identity formation throughout a lifetime?

answer: the psychodynamic tradition

text: the psychodynamic tradition


text: At certain times of the year, The Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria may all visit Southampton at the same time, in an event commonly called 'Arrival of the Three Queens'.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: At

text: certain

text: times

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: and

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: may

text: all

text: visit

text: Southampton

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: in

text: an

text: event

text: commonly

text: called

text: Arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Queens

question: What does Southampton call the event when three ships named after queens all visit the city?

answer: Arrival of the Three Queens

text: Arrival of the Three Queens

question: Which of the "Three Queens" has a number in its name?

answer: Queen Mary 2

text: Queen Mary 2

question: Along with the Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, which third ship must be present for the 'Arrival of the Three Queens'?

answer: Queen Elizabeth

text: Queen Elizabeth


text: A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: A

text: variation

text: of

text: the

text: incandescent

text: lamp

text: did

text: not

text: use

text: a

text: hot

text: wire

text: filament

text: but

text: instead

text: used

text: an

text: arc

text: struck

text: on

text: a

text: spherical

text: bead

text: electrode

text: to

text: produce

text: heat

text: The

text: electrode

text: then

text: became

text: incandescent

text: with

text: the

text: arc

text: contributing

text: little

text: to

text: the

text: light

text: produced

text: Such

text: lamps

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: projection

text: or

text: illumination

text: for

text: scientific

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: microscopes

text: These

text: arc

text: lamps

text: ran

text: on

text: relatively

text: low

text: voltages

text: and

text: incorporated

text: tungsten

text: filaments

text: to

text: start

text: ionization

text: within

text: the

text: envelope

text: They

text: provided

text: the

text: intense

text: concentrated

text: light

text: of

text: an

text: arc

text: lamp

text: but

text: were

text: easier

text: to

text: operate

text: Developed

text: around

text: these

text: lamps

text: were

text: displaced

text: by

text: mercury

text: and

text: xenon

text: arc

text: lamps

question: What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament?

answer: an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode

text: an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode

question: What was a common application for this type of bulb?

answer: scientific instruments such as microscopes

text: scientific instruments such as microscopes

question: When was this style of lamp developed?

answer: 1915

question: What displaced this style of lamp?

answer: mercury and xenon arc lamps

text: mercury and xenon arc lamps

question: What type of lamp used a hot wire filament?

text: A variation of the incandescent

question: What type of lamp did not use an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode?

text: A variation of the incandescent lamp

question: What was not a common use for this type of bulb?

question: What type of lamp typically ran on relatively high voltages?

text: arc

question: What type of lamp provided a low concentrated light that was harder to operate?

text: arc


text: By the 1990s Mexico City had become infamous as one of the world's most polluted cities; however the city has become a model for dramatically lowering pollution levels. By 2014 carbon monoxide pollution had dropped dramatically, while levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were nearly three times lower than in 1992. The levels of signature pollutants in Mexico City are similar to those of Los Angeles.[citation needed] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: By

text: the

text: Mexico

text: City

text: had

text: become

text: infamous

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: polluted

text: cities

text: however

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: dramatically

text: lowering

text: pollution

text: levels

text: By

text: carbon

text: monoxide

text: pollution

text: had

text: dropped

text: dramatically

text: while

text: levels

text: of

text: sulfur

text: dioxide

text: and

text: nitrogen

text: dioxide

text: were

text: nearly

text: three

text: times

text: lower

text: than

text: in

text: The

text: levels

text: of

text: signature

text: pollutants

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: are

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles.[citation

text: needed

text: Despite

text: the

text: cleanup

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: still

text: the

text: most

text: ozone

text: polluted

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: ozone

text: levels

text: times

text: beyond

text: WHO

text: defined

text: safe

text: limits

question: How bad is the ozone in Mexico City?

answer: 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits

text: 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits

question: Carbon Monoxide levels are about 3 times lower now than in what year?

answer: 1992

question: What city is similar to Mexico City in terms of pollution?

answer: Los Angeles

text: Los Angeles

question: When Mexico one of the worst cities in terms of pollution?

answer: 1990s

question: Who decides safe levels of o-zone in cities?

answer: WHO

text: WHO


text: With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile (877 km) border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south and Idaho to the west and southwest.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: With

text: a

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: Montana

text: is

text: slightly

text: larger

text: than

text: Japan

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: Alaska

text: Texas

text: and

text: California

text: the

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: U.S.

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: national

text: state

text: province

text: subdivision

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: Montana

text: shares

text: a

text: km

text: border

text: with

text: three

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Alberta

text: and

text: Saskatchewan

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: It

text: borders

text: North

text: Dakota

text: and

text: South

text: Dakota

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Wyoming

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Idaho

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

question: What is the total area of Montana?

answer: 147,040 square miles

text: 147,040 square miles

question: What state does Montana border to the south?

answer: Wyoming

text: Wyoming

question: What state does it border to the west?

answer: Idaho

text: Idaho


text: Washington University's sports teams are called the Bears. They are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and participate in the University Athletic Association at the Division III level. The Bears have won 19 NCAA Division III Championships— one in women's cross country (2011), one in men's tennis (2008), two in men's basketball (2008, 2009), five in women's basketball (1998–2001, 2010), and ten in women's volleyball (1989, 1991–1996, 2003, 2007, 2009) – and 144 UAA titles in 15 different sports. The Athletic Department is headed by John Schael who has served as director of athletics since 1978. The 2000 Division III Central Region winner of the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics/Continental Airlines Athletics Director of the Year award, Schael has helped orchestrate the Bears athletics transformation into one of the top departments in Division III.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: Washington

text: University

text: 's

text: sports

text: teams

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: Bears

text: They

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Collegiate

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: and

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: University

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: at

text: the

text: Division

text: III

text: level

text: The

text: Bears

text: have

text: won

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: III

text: Championships—

text: one

text: in

text: women

text: 's

text: cross

text: country

text: one

text: in

text: men

text: 's

text: tennis

text: two

text: in

text: men

text: 's

text: basketball

text: five

text: in

text: women

text: 's

text: basketball

text: and

text: ten

text: in

text: women

text: 's

text: volleyball

text: and

text: UAA

text: titles

text: in

text: different

text: sports

text: The

text: Athletic

text: Department

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: John

text: Schael

text: who

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: director

text: of

text: athletics

text: since

text: The

text: Division

text: III

text: Central

text: Region

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Collegiate

text: Directors

text: of

text: Athletics

text: Continental

text: Airlines

text: Athletics

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: award

text: Schael

text: has

text: helped

text: orchestrate

text: the

text: Bears

text: athletics

text: transformation

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: departments

text: in

text: Division

text: III

question: What is the name of the Washington University sports teams?

answer: the Bears

text: the Bears

question: At what division level does the Washington University sports teams compete?

answer: Division III

text: Division III

question: How many NCAA division championships have the Washington University sports teams won?

answer: 19

question: In what years did the Washington University men's basketball teams win division championships?

answer: 2008, 2009

text: 2008, 2009

question: Who is the head of the Washington University Athletic Department?

answer: John Schael

text: John Schael

question: When did Washington University become part of the University Athletic Association?

question: How many women's tennis NCAA Division III championships have they won?

text: one

question: How many men's cross country NCAA Division III championships have they won?

text: two

question: What sport did John Schael play when he was in college?

text: basketball

question: how many men's volleyball NCAA Division III championships have they won?

text: five


text: The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: Labour

text: Party

text: 's

text: origins

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: apparent

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: need

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: political

text: party

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: interests

text: and

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: proletariat

text: a

text: demographic

text: which

text: had

text: increased

text: in

text: number

text: and

text: had

text: recently

text: been

text: given

text: franchise

text: Some

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: trades

text: union

text: movement

text: became

text: interested

text: in

text: moving

text: into

text: the

text: political

text: field

text: and

text: after

text: further

text: extensions

text: of

text: the

text: voting

text: franchise

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: endorsed

text: some

text: trade

text: union

text: sponsored

text: candidates

text: The

text: first

text: Lib

text: Lab

text: candidate

text: to

text: stand

text: was

text: George

text: Odger

text: in

text: the

text: Southwark

text: by

text: election

text: of

text: In

text: addition

text: several

text: small

text: socialist

text: groups

text: had

text: formed

text: around

text: this

text: time

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: linking

text: the

text: movement

text: to

text: political

text: policies

text: Among

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: Independent

text: Labour

text: Party

text: the

text: intellectual

text: and

text: largely

text: middle

text: class

text: Fabian

text: Society

text: the

text: Marxist

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Federation

text: and

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Labour

text: Party

question: About when did the Labour Parry start?

answer: late 19th century

text: late 19th century

question: when was george odger elected?

answer: 1870

question: When did it become obvious that the rural proletariat needed a new political party?

text: late 19th century

question: What demographic had decreased in number?

text: urban proletariat

question: What years was the voting franchise shrunk?

text: 1867 and 1885

question: Who was the last Lib-Lab candidate to stand?

text: George Odger

question: What socialist group did not form around this time?

text: Fabian Society