text: Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a "diarchic structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols. Mongolian prince Khuden gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s and sponsored Sakya Pandita, whose seat became the capital of Tibet. Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, Sakya Pandita's nephew became Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: Tibet

text: retained

text: nominal

text: power

text: over

text: religious

text: and

text: regional

text: political

text: affairs

text: while

text: the

text: Mongols

text: managed

text: a

text: structural

text: and

text: administrative

text: rule

text: over

text: the

text: region

text: reinforced

text: by

text: the

text: rare

text: military

text: intervention

text: This

text: existed

text: as

text: a

text: diarchic

text: structure

text: under

text: the

text: Yuan

text: emperor

text: with

text: power

text: primarily

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: Mongols

text: Mongolian

text: prince

text: Khuden

text: gained

text: temporal

text: power

text: in

text: Tibet

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: sponsored

text: Sakya

text: Pandita

text: whose

text: seat

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Tibet

text: Drogön

text: Chögyal

text: Phagpa

text: Sakya

text: Pandita

text: 's

text: nephew

text: became

text: Imperial

text: Preceptor

text: of

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

question: Who managed religious and regional political affairs?

answer: Tibet

text: Tibet

question: Who managed structural and administrative rule?

answer: Mongols

text: Mongols

question: Who gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s?

answer: Mongolian prince Khuden

text: Mongolian prince Khuden

question: Who founded the Yuan dynasty?

answer: Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan

text: Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan

question: What did the Mongols retain nominal power over?

question: What did Tibet manage over the region?

text: structural and administrative rule

question: When did Emperor Khuden gain temporal power in Tibet?

text: the 1240s

question: When did Prince Yuan gain temporal power in Tibet?

text: the 1240s

question: Who gained temporal power in the 1420s?

text: Mongolian prince Khuden


text: Today, all humans are classified as belonging to the species Homo sapiens and sub-species Homo sapiens sapiens. However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time. Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia. Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that Archaic Homo sapiens (A group including the possible species H. heidelbergensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. neanderthalensis) evolved out of African Homo erectus ((sensu lato) or Homo ergaster).

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Today

text: all

text: humans

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: and

text: sub

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: sapiens

text: However

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: first

text: species

text: of

text: homininae

text: the

text: first

text: species

text: of

text: genus

text: Homo

text: Homo

text: habilis

text: are

text: theorized

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: in

text: East

text: Africa

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: species

text: populated

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: Africa

text: in

text: a

text: relatively

text: short

text: time

text: Homo

text: erectus

text: is

text: theorized

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: by

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: had

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Virtually

text: all

text: physical

text: anthropologists

text: agree

text: that

text: Archaic

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: A

text: group

text: including

text: the

text: possible

text: species

text: H.

text: heidelbergensis

text: H.

text: rhodesiensis

text: and

text: H.

text: neanderthalensis

text: evolved

text: out

text: of

text: African

text: Homo

text: erectus

text: sensu

text: lato

text: or

text: Homo

text: ergaster

question: What species do all living humans today belong to?

answer: Homo sapiens

text: Homo sapiens

question: When is it theorized that Homo habilis evolved in East Africa?

answer: 2 million years ago

text: 2 million years ago

question: How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?

answer: 1.5

question: Members of what species populated parts of Africa in a relatively short time?

answer: Homo habilis

text: Homo habilis

question: What group might have Archaic Homo sapiens evolve out of?

answer: African Homo erectus

text: African Homo erectus


text: DST is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise times do not vary enough to justify it. Some countries observe it only in some regions; for example, southern Brazil observes it while equatorial Brazil does not. Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: DST

text: is

text: generally

text: not

text: observed

text: near

text: the

text: equator

text: where

text: sunrise

text: times

text: do

text: not

text: vary

text: enough

text: to

text: justify

text: it

text: Some

text: countries

text: observe

text: it

text: only

text: in

text: some

text: regions

text: for

text: example

text: southern

text: Brazil

text: observes

text: it

text: while

text: equatorial

text: Brazil

text: does

text: not

text: Only

text: a

text: minority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: uses

text: DST

text: because

text: Asia

text: and

text: Africa

text: generally

text: do

text: not

text: observe

text: it

question: Which part of Brazil observes Daylight Saving Time?

answer: southern Brazil

text: southern Brazil

question: What part of Brazil does not observe DST?

answer: equatorial Brazil

text: equatorial Brazil

question: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST?

answer: Asia and Africa

text: Asia and Africa

question: The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST?

answer: sunrise

text: sunrise


text: A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: A

text: standard

text: adult

text: football

text: match

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: periods

text: of

text: minutes

text: each

text: known

text: as

text: halves

text: Each

text: half

text: runs

text: continuously

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: clock

text: is

text: not

text: stopped

text: when

text: the

text: ball

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: play

text: There

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: half

text: time

text: break

text: between

text: halves

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: match

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: full

text: time

text: The

text: referee

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: timekeeper

text: for

text: the

text: match

text: and

text: may

text: make

text: an

text: allowance

text: for

text: time

text: lost

text: through

text: substitutions

text: injured

text: players

text: requiring

text: attention

text: or

text: other

text: stoppages

text: This

text: added

text: time

text: is

text: called

text: additional

text: time

text: in

text: FIFA

text: documents

text: but

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: stoppage

text: time

text: or

text: injury

text: time

text: while

text: loss

text: time

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: synonym

text: The

text: duration

text: of

text: stoppage

text: time

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: sole

text: discretion

text: of

text: the

text: referee

text: The

text: referee

text: alone

text: signals

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: match

text: In

text: matches

text: where

text: a

text: fourth

text: official

text: is

text: appointed

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: half

text: the

text: referee

text: signals

text: how

text: many

text: minutes

text: of

text: stoppage

text: time

text: he

text: intends

text: to

text: add

text: The

text: fourth

text: official

text: then

text: informs

text: the

text: players

text: and

text: spectators

text: by

text: holding

text: up

text: a

text: board

text: showing

text: this

text: number

text: The

text: signalled

text: stoppage

text: time

text: may

text: be

text: further

text: extended

text: by

text: the

text: referee

text: Added

text: time

text: was

text: introduced

text: because

text: of

text: an

text: incident

text: which

text: happened

text: in

text: during

text: a

text: match

text: between

text: Stoke

text: and

text: Aston

text: Villa

text: Trailing

text: and

text: with

text: just

text: two

text: minutes

text: remaining

text: Stoke

text: were

text: awarded

text: a

text: penalty

text: Villa

text: 's

text: goalkeeper

text: kicked

text: the

text: ball

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: ball

text: had

text: been

text: recovered

text: the

text: minutes

text: had

text: elapsed

text: and

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: over

text: The

text: same

text: law

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: duration

text: of

text: either

text: half

text: is

text: extended

text: until

text: the

text: penalty

text: kick

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: or

text: retaken

text: is

text: completed

text: thus

text: no

text: game

text: shall

text: end

text: with

text: a

text: penalty

text: to

text: be

text: taken

question: How many periods are in a standard football match?

answer: two

text: two

question: How long are each period in a standard football match?

answer: 45

question: What are the periods in a football match called?

answer: halves

text: halves

question: Who gets to decide how long stoppage time can go on for?

answer: referee

text: referee

question: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?

answer: 1891

question: How many periods are in a non-standard football match?

text: two

question: How long are each period in a non-standard football match?

question: What are the periods in a football match never called?

text: halves

question: Who has no influence on how long stoppage time can go on for?

text: referee

question: What year did an incident reduce additional time?


text: The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: The

text: earliest

text: extant

text: samples

text: of

text: connected

text: north

text: Estonian

text: are

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Kullamaa

text: prayers

text: dating

text: from

text: and

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: book

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: was

text: printed

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: a

text: Lutheran

text: manuscript

text: which

text: never

text: reached

text: the

text: reader

text: and

text: was

text: destroyed

text: immediately

text: after

text: publication

question: What was the first Estonian language book to be published?

answer: a Lutheran manuscript

text: a Lutheran manuscript

question: When were the Kallamaa prayers written?

answer: 1524 and 1528

text: 1524 and 1528

question: What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1525?

answer: destroyed

text: destroyed

question: At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript destroyed?

answer: immediately after publication

text: immediately after publication

question: What was the last Estonian language book to be published?

text: Lutheran manuscript

question: Who wrote the first prayers?

text: Kullamaa

question: What was the fate of the Lutheran manuscript printed in 1524?

text: destroyed

question: At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript published?

text: immediately

question: What manuscript was written in 1528?

text: Lutheran manuscript


text: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the English Magna Carta's Habeas corpus, known from its own Latin name as "neminem captivabimus (nisi jure victum)." Henceforth no member of the nobility could be imprisoned without a warrant from a court of justice: the king could neither punish nor imprison any noble at his whim. King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon was the nobles' guarantee that his throne would be inherited by one of his sons (who would be bound to honour the privileges theretofore granted to the nobility). On May 2, 1447 the same king issued the Wilno Privilege which gave the Lithuanian boyars the same rights as those possessed by the Polish szlachta.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: In

text: with

text: the

text: Privileges

text: of

text: Jedlnia

text: confirmed

text: at

text: Kraków

text: in

text: Polish

text: przywileje

text: jedlneńsko

text: krakowskie

text: based

text: partially

text: on

text: his

text: earlier

text: Brześć

text: Kujawski

text: privilege

text: April

text: King

text: Władysław

text: II

text: Jagiełło

text: granted

text: the

text: nobility

text: a

text: guarantee

text: against

text: arbitrary

text: arrest

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: 's

text: Habeas

text: corpus

text: known

text: from

text: its

text: own

text: Latin

text: name

text: as

text: neminem

text: captivabimus

text: nisi

text: jure

text: victum

text: Henceforth

text: no

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: could

text: be

text: imprisoned

text: without

text: a

text: warrant

text: from

text: a

text: court

text: of

text: justice

text: the

text: king

text: could

text: neither

text: punish

text: nor

text: imprison

text: any

text: noble

text: at

text: his

text: whim

text: King

text: Władysław

text: 's

text: quid

text: pro

text: quo

text: for

text: this

text: boon

text: was

text: the

text: nobles

text: guarantee

text: that

text: his

text: throne

text: would

text: be

text: inherited

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: sons

text: who

text: would

text: be

text: bound

text: to

text: honour

text: the

text: privileges

text: theretofore

text: granted

text: to

text: the

text: nobility

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: same

text: king

text: issued

text: the

text: Wilno

text: Privilege

text: which

text: gave

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: boyars

text: the

text: same

text: rights

text: as

text: those

text: possessed

text: by

text: the

text: Polish

text: szlachta

question: Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place?

answer: at Kraków in 1433

text: at Kraków in 1433

question: WHat was the privileges of jedlnia based mostly off of?

answer: Brześć Kujawski privilege

text: Brześć Kujawski privilege

question: What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus?

answer: nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest

text: nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest

question: What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility?

answer: warrant from a court of justice

text: warrant from a court of justice

question: What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons?

answer: King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon

text: King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon


text: Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking "refuge in the triple gem" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhist

text: schools

text: vary

text: on

text: the

text: exact

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: path

text: to

text: liberation

text: the

text: importance

text: and

text: canonicity

text: of

text: various

text: teachings

text: and

text: scriptures

text: and

text: especially

text: their

text: respective

text: practices

text: Buddhism

text: denies

text: a

text: creator

text: deity

text: and

text: posits

text: that

text: mundane

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Mahabrahma

text: are

text: misperceived

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: creator

text: The

text: foundations

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: tradition

text: and

text: practice

text: are

text: the

text: Three

text: Jewels

text: the

text: Buddha

text: the

text: Dharma

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: the

text: Sangha

text: the

text: community

text: Taking

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: triple

text: gem

text: has

text: traditionally

text: been

text: a

text: declaration

text: and

text: commitment

text: to

text: being

text: on

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: path

text: and

text: in

text: general

text: distinguishes

text: a

text: Buddhist

text: from

text: a

text: non

text: Buddhist

text: Other

text: practices

text: are

text: Ten

text: Meritorious

text: Deeds

text: including

text: giving

text: charity

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: greediness

text: following

text: ethical

text: precepts

text: renouncing

text: conventional

text: living

text: and

text: becoming

text: a

text: monastic

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: mindfulness

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: meditation

text: cultivation

text: of

text: higher

text: wisdom

text: and

text: discernment

text: study

text: of

text: scriptures

text: devotional

text: practices

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: tradition

text: invocation

text: of

text: buddhas

text: and

text: bodhisattvas

question: What are the Three Jewels of the Buddhist tradition?

answer: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)

text: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)

question: What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds of Buddhism?

answer: cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment

text: cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment

question: What other practices do Buddhists adhere to?

answer: Ten Meritorious Deeds

text: Ten Meritorious Deeds

question: What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds?

answer: renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic

text: renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic

question: Buddhism denies what kind of deity?

answer: creator

text: creator

question: Of the Ten Meritorious Deeds, giving charity reduces what?

answer: greediness

text: greediness

question: Invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas is in what tradition?

answer: Mahayana

text: Mahayana


text: The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and rainy, but it is also markedly drier in the summer, being usually classified as Oceanic in the west and north, and Mediterranean in the southeast. Its topographic and climatic conditions have made animal husbandry and farming the primary source of Galicia's wealth for most of its history. With the exception of shipbuilding and food processing, Galicia was largely a semi-subsistence farming and fishing economy and did not experience significant industrialization until after the mid-20th century. In 2012, the gross domestic product at purchasing power parity was €56,000 million, with a nominal GDP per capita of €20,700. The population is largely concentrated in two coastal areas: from Ferrol to A Coruña in the northwest and from Pontevedra to Vigo in the southwest. To a lesser extent, there are smaller populations around the interior cities of Lugo, Ourense and Santiago de Compostela. The political capital is Santiago de Compostela, in the province of A Coruña. Vigo, in the province of Pontevedra, is the most populous municipality with 294,997 (2014), while A Coruña is the most populous city with 215.227 (2014).

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: interior

text: of

text: Galicia

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: its

text: hilly

text: landscape

text: although

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: rise

text: to

text: m

text: ft

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: The

text: coastal

text: areas

text: are

text: mostly

text: an

text: alternate

text: series

text: of

text: rías

text: submerged

text: valleys

text: where

text: the

text: sea

text: penetrates

text: tens

text: of

text: kilometres

text: inland

text: and

text: cliffs

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: Galicia

text: is

text: temperate

text: and

text: rainy

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: markedly

text: drier

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: being

text: usually

text: classified

text: as

text: Oceanic

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: Its

text: topographic

text: and

text: climatic

text: conditions

text: have

text: made

text: animal

text: husbandry

text: and

text: farming

text: the

text: primary

text: source

text: of

text: Galicia

text: 's

text: wealth

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: shipbuilding

text: and

text: food

text: processing

text: Galicia

text: was

text: largely

text: a

text: semi

text: subsistence

text: farming

text: and

text: fishing

text: economy

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: experience

text: significant

text: industrialization

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: at

text: purchasing

text: power

text: parity

text: was

text: million

text: with

text: a

text: nominal

text: GDP

text: per

text: capita

text: of

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: largely

text: concentrated

text: in

text: two

text: coastal

text: areas

text: from

text: Ferrol

text: to

text: A

text: Coruña

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: from

text: Pontevedra

text: to

text: Vigo

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: To

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: there

text: are

text: smaller

text: populations

text: around

text: the

text: interior

text: cities

text: of

text: Lugo

text: Ourense

text: and

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Compostela

text: The

text: political

text: capital

text: is

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Compostela

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: A

text: Coruña

text: Vigo

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Pontevedra

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: with

text: while

text: A

text: Coruña

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: with

question: How high does Galicia's mountain ranges rise?

answer: 2,000 m (6,600 ft)

text: 2,000 m (6,600 ft)

question: What have been its two primary sources of wealth?

answer: animal husbandry and farming

text: animal husbandry and farming

question: Name its northwestern coastal area.

answer: Ferrol to A Coruña

text: Ferrol to A Coruña

question: Name its political capital.

answer: Santiago de Compostela

text: Santiago de Compostela

question: Which province is this capital in?

answer: A Coruña

text: A Coruña


text: In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magical practices in an attempt to control the gods. Philostratus takes pains to point out that the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana was definitely not a magus, "despite his special knowledge of the future, his miraculous cures, and his ability to vanish into thin air".

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: In

text: the

text: Graeco

text: Roman

text: world

text: practitioners

text: of

text: magic

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: magi

text: singular

text: magus

text: a

text: foreign

text: title

text: of

text: Persian

text: priests

text: Apuleius

text: defending

text: himself

text: against

text: accusations

text: of

text: casting

text: magic

text: spells

text: defined

text: the

text: magician

text: as

text: in

text: popular

text: tradition

text: more

text: vulgari

text: someone

text: who

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: community

text: of

text: speech

text: with

text: the

text: immortal

text: gods

text: has

text: an

text: incredible

text: power

text: of

text: spells

text: vi

text: cantaminum

text: for

text: everything

text: he

text: wishes

text: to

text: Pliny

text: the

text: Elder

text: offers

text: a

text: thoroughly

text: skeptical

text: History

text: of

text: magical

text: arts

text: from

text: their

text: supposed

text: Persian

text: origins

text: to

text: Nero

text: 's

text: vast

text: and

text: futile

text: expenditure

text: on

text: research

text: into

text: magical

text: practices

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: gods

text: Philostratus

text: takes

text: pains

text: to

text: point

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: celebrated

text: Apollonius

text: of

text: Tyana

text: was

text: definitely

text: not

text: a

text: magus

text: despite

text: his

text: special

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: future

text: his

text: miraculous

text: cures

text: and

text: his

text: ability

text: to

text: vanish

text: into

text: thin

text: air

question: What word was used by the Romans for practitioners of magic?

answer: magi

text: magi

question: To what did the term magi originally refer?

answer: Persian priests

text: Persian priests

question: Who wrote a skeptical work outlining magic and its use?

answer: Pliny the Elder

text: Pliny the Elder

question: What was the title of Pliny's work on magic?

answer: "History of magical arts"

text: "History of magical arts"

question: Who was a noted magician who could vanish into thin air?

answer: Apollonius of Tyana

text: Apollonius of Tyana


text: In Singapore, madrasahs are private schools which are overseen by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS, English: Islamic Religious Council of Singapore). There are six Madrasahs in Singapore, catering to students from Primary 1 to Secondary 4. Four Madrasahs are coeducational and two are for girls. Students take a range of Islamic Studies subjects in addition to mainstream MOE curriculum subjects and sit for the PSLE and GCE 'O' Levels like their peers. In 2009, MUIS introduced the "Joint Madrasah System" (JMS), a joint collaboration of Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah primary school and secondary schools Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah (offering the ukhrawi, or religious stream) and Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah (offering the academic stream). The JMS aims to introduce the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme into the Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah by 2019. Students attending a madrasah are required to wear the traditional Malay attire, including the songkok for boys and tudong for girls, in contrast to mainstream government schools which ban religious headgear as Singapore is officially a secular state. For students who wish to attend a mainstream school, they may opt to take classes on weekends at the madrasah instead of enrolling full-time.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: In

text: Singapore

text: madrasahs

text: are

text: private

text: schools

text: which

text: are

text: overseen

text: by

text: Majlis

text: Ugama

text: Islam

text: Singapura

text: MUIS

text: English

text: Islamic

text: Religious

text: Council

text: of

text: Singapore

text: There

text: are

text: six

text: Madrasahs

text: in

text: Singapore

text: catering

text: to

text: students

text: from

text: Primary

text: to

text: Secondary

text: Four

text: Madrasahs

text: are

text: coeducational

text: and

text: two

text: are

text: for

text: girls

text: Students

text: take

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: Islamic

text: Studies

text: subjects

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: mainstream

text: MOE

text: curriculum

text: subjects

text: and

text: sit

text: for

text: the

text: PSLE

text: and

text: GCE

text: O

text: Levels

text: like

text: their

text: peers

text: In

text: MUIS

text: introduced

text: the

text: Joint

text: Madrasah

text: System

text: JMS

text: a

text: joint

text: collaboration

text: of

text: Madrasah

text: Al

text: Irsyad

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: primary

text: school

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: Madrasah

text: Aljunied

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: offering

text: the

text: ukhrawi

text: or

text: religious

text: stream

text: and

text: Madrasah

text: Al

text: Arabiah

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: offering

text: the

text: academic

text: stream

text: The

text: JMS

text: aims

text: to

text: introduce

text: the

text: International

text: Baccalaureate

text: IB

text: programme

text: into

text: the

text: Madrasah

text: Al

text: Arabiah

text: Al

text: Islamiah

text: by

text: Students

text: attending

text: a

text: madrasah

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: wear

text: the

text: traditional

text: Malay

text: attire

text: including

text: the

text: songkok

text: for

text: boys

text: and

text: tudong

text: for

text: girls

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: mainstream

text: government

text: schools

text: which

text: ban

text: religious

text: headgear

text: as

text: Singapore

text: is

text: officially

text: a

text: secular

text: state

text: For

text: students

text: who

text: wish

text: to

text: attend

text: a

text: mainstream

text: school

text: they

text: may

text: opt

text: to

text: take

text: classes

text: on

text: weekends

text: at

text: the

text: madrasah

text: instead

text: of

text: enrolling

text: full

text: time

question: How many madrasahs are in Sinagapore?

answer: six

text: six

question: What program is being installed in madrasahs in Singapore?

answer: International Baccalaureate

text: International Baccalaureate

question: What year is it planned for IB programs to be in place at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah?

answer: 2019

question: What will the uniform be at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah?

answer: the songkok for boys and tudong for girls

text: the songkok for boys and tudong for girls

question: How many madrasahs are outside of Sinagapore?

text: six

question: What program is being installed in madrasahs outside of Singapore?

text: International Baccalaureate

question: What year is it planned for IB programs to be in taken out of Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah?

question: What will not be included in the uniform at Madrasah Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah?

text: songkok for boys and tudong for girls


text: The city is also in the process of implementing a 5-year and 20 year Bike Action Plan with a goal of attaining 14 to 35% bicycle transportation mode share by 2030 through the installation of enhanced bicycle infrastructure throughout the city. Other environmentally focused initiatives include curbside recycling, curbside composting bins (in addition to trash, yard-waste, and recycle bins), farmers' markets, community gardens, garden-share, an urban forest initiative, a hazardous materials home-collection service, green business certification, and a municipal bus system which is currently being revamped to integrate with the soon-to-open Expo Line.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: implementing

text: a

text: and

text: year

text: Bike

text: Action

text: Plan

text: with

text: a

text: goal

text: of

text: attaining

text: to

text: bicycle

text: transportation

text: mode

text: share

text: by

text: through

text: the

text: installation

text: of

text: enhanced

text: bicycle

text: infrastructure

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: Other

text: environmentally

text: focused

text: initiatives

text: include

text: curbside

text: recycling

text: curbside

text: composting

text: bins

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: trash

text: yard

text: waste

text: and

text: recycle

text: bins

text: farmers

text: markets

text: community

text: gardens

text: garden

text: share

text: an

text: urban

text: forest

text: initiative

text: a

text: hazardous

text: materials

text: home

text: collection

text: service

text: green

text: business

text: certification

text: and

text: a

text: municipal

text: bus

text: system

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: being

text: revamped

text: to

text: integrate

text: with

text: the

text: soon

text: to

text: open

text: Expo

text: Line

question: What year does the city plan on having a bicycle infrastructure?

answer: 2030

question: The city's bus system is being over hauled to work with what other program?

answer: Expo Line

text: Expo Line

question: The city has two bike Action Plans of how many years?

answer: 5-year and 20

text: 5-year and 20

question: What percentages does the city Bike transportation mode's target?

answer: 14 to 35%

text: 14 to 35%

question: What type of business certification do they plan on expanding?

answer: green

text: green

question: In what year will the Expo Line be opened?

question: In what year is the urban forest initiative expected to meet its goal?

question: For how long has Santa Monica had curbside recycling?

text: 20 year

question: What percentage of yard-waste is recycled?

question: In what percentage range is trash put into recycle bins?

text: 14 to 35%


text: The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman. Dunkleman quit thereafter, making Seacrest the sole emcee of the show starting with season two.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: first

text: season

text: was

text: co

text: hosted

text: by

text: Ryan

text: Seacrest

text: and

text: Brian

text: Dunkleman

text: Dunkleman

text: quit

text: thereafter

text: making

text: Seacrest

text: the

text: sole

text: emcee

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: starting

text: with

text: season

text: two

question: Who was the only host of American Idol after season one?

answer: Ryan Seacrest

text: Ryan Seacrest

question: Which host quit after the first season?

answer: Brian Dunkleman

text: Brian Dunkleman


text: On the exterior, the verticality is emphasised in a major way by the towers and spires and in a lesser way by strongly projecting vertical buttresses, by narrow half-columns called attached shafts which often pass through several storeys of the building, by long narrow windows, vertical mouldings around doors and figurative sculpture which emphasises the vertical and is often attenuated. The roofline, gable ends, buttresses and other parts of the building are often terminated by small pinnacles, Milan Cathedral being an extreme example in the use of this form of decoration.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: On

text: the

text: exterior

text: the

text: verticality

text: is

text: emphasised

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: way

text: by

text: the

text: towers

text: and

text: spires

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: lesser

text: way

text: by

text: strongly

text: projecting

text: vertical

text: buttresses

text: by

text: narrow

text: half

text: columns

text: called

text: attached

text: shafts

text: which

text: often

text: pass

text: through

text: several

text: storeys

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: by

text: long

text: narrow

text: windows

text: vertical

text: mouldings

text: around

text: doors

text: and

text: figurative

text: sculpture

text: which

text: emphasises

text: the

text: vertical

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: attenuated

text: The

text: roofline

text: gable

text: ends

text: buttresses

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: are

text: often

text: terminated

text: by

text: small

text: pinnacles

text: Milan

text: Cathedral

text: being

text: an

text: extreme

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: decoration

question: What enhances the vertical look of the exterior of Gothic construction?

answer: the towers and spires

text: the towers and spires

question: What is one design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles?

answer: The roofline

text: The roofline

question: What is another design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles?

answer: gable ends

text: gable ends

question: Which cathedral demonstrates a drastic example of termination with small pinnacles?

answer: Milan Cathedral

text: Milan Cathedral

question: What other part of Gothic buildings are often found terminated with small pinnacles?

answer: buttresses

text: buttresses

question: What hinders the vertical look of the exterior of Gothic construction?

text: the towers and spires

question: What is one design element of Gothic construction that is always terminated by small pinnacles?

text: gable ends

question: Which cathedral demonstrates an impossible structure of small pinnacles?

text: Milan Cathedral

question: What part of Gothic buildings are often found terminated with enormous pinnacles?

text: buttresses


text: The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary, e.g., Pope John Paul II stated that "Mary was united to Jesus on the Cross". Well known works of Christian art by masters such as Raphael (e.g., the Mond Crucifixion), and Caravaggio (e.g., his Entombment) depict the Virgin Mary as part of the crucifixion scene.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: under

text: the

text: cross[Jn

text: has

text: in

text: itself

text: been

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: Marian

text: art

text: and

text: well

text: known

text: Catholic

text: symbolism

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Miraculous

text: Medal

text: and

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: 's

text: Coat

text: of

text: Arms

text: bearing

text: a

text: Marian

text: Cross

text: And

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Marian

text: devotions

text: also

text: involve

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: in

text: Calvary

text: e.g.

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: stated

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: united

text: to

text: Jesus

text: on

text: the

text: Cross

text: Well

text: known

text: works

text: of

text: Christian

text: art

text: by

text: masters

text: such

text: as

text: Raphael

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Mond

text: Crucifixion

text: and

text: Caravaggio

text: e.g.

text: his

text: Entombment

text: depict

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: scene

question: Who was present under the cross?

answer: Virgin Mary

text: Virgin Mary

question: What symbol is popular in Marian Art?

answer: Marian Cross

text: Marian Cross

question: Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion?

answer: Pope John Paul II

text: Pope John Paul II

question: Who painted the Mond Crucifixion.

answer: Raphael

text: Raphael

question: Who was responsible for the art names "His Entombment"?

answer: Caravaggio

text: Caravaggio

question: What kind of medal did Raphael put in one of his paintings?

text: Miraculous Medal

question: What pope did Caravaggio crate a portrait of?

text: Pope John Paul II

question: What was Pope John Paul II wearing in his portrait?

text: Coat of Arms

question: Who did Caravaggio believe Mary was united to on the cross?

text: Jesus

question: What famous artist worked for Pope John Paul II?

text: Caravaggio


text: Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In the aftermath of World War I the German Empire was defeated, the Austria-Hungarian empire was divided into new, less powerful states and the Russian Empire fell to a revolution. During the Paris Peace Conference, the "Big Four"—France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States—held noticeably more power and influence on the proceedings and outcome of the treaties than Japan. The Big Four were leading architects of the Treaty of Versailles which was signed by Germany; the Treaty of St. Germain, with Austria; the Treaty of Neuilly, with Bulgaria; the Treaty of Trianon, with Hungary; and the Treaty of Sèvres, with the Ottoman Empire. During the decision-making of the Treaty of Versailles, Italy pulled out of the conference because a part of its demands were not met and temporarily left the other three countries as the sole major architects of that treaty, referred to as the "Big Three".

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Shifts

text: of

text: international

text: power

text: have

text: most

text: notably

text: occurred

text: through

text: major

text: conflicts

text: The

text: conclusion

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: treaties

text: of

text: Versailles

text: St

text: Germain

text: Neuilly

text: Trianon

text: and

text: Sèvres

text: witnessed

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: France

text: Italy

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: the

text: chief

text: arbiters

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: world

text: order

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: was

text: defeated

text: the

text: Austria

text: Hungarian

text: empire

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: new

text: less

text: powerful

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: fell

text: to

text: a

text: revolution

text: During

text: the

text: Paris

text: Peace

text: Conference

text: the

text: Big

text: Four

text: France

text: Italy

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: held

text: noticeably

text: more

text: power

text: and

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: proceedings

text: and

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: treaties

text: than

text: Japan

text: The

text: Big

text: Four

text: were

text: leading

text: architects

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: which

text: was

text: signed

text: by

text: Germany

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: St.

text: Germain

text: with

text: Austria

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Neuilly

text: with

text: Bulgaria

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Trianon

text: with

text: Hungary

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Sèvres

text: with

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: During

text: the

text: decision

text: making

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: Italy

text: pulled

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: conference

text: because

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: demands

text: were

text: not

text: met

text: and

text: temporarily

text: left

text: the

text: other

text: three

text: countries

text: as

text: the

text: sole

text: major

text: architects

text: of

text: that

text: treaty

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Big

text: Three

question: What marked the conclusion of The Great War?

answer: treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres

text: treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres

question: Who were  the chief arbiters of the new world order?

answer: United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States

text: United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States

question: Who created the Treaty of Versailles?

answer: Big Three

text: Big Three

question: Who were the big four?

answer: France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States

text: France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States

question: What resulted after the end of the new world order?

question: What empire was defeated after the Big Four?

text: the German Empire

question: When did Austria fall to revolution?

text: In the aftermath of World War I

question: During the Great War which four countries had more power and influence?

question: When did The United States pull out of the conference temporarily?


text: Research since reveals self-examination beginning early in adolescence, but identity achievement rarely occurring before age 18. The freshman year of college influences identity development significantly, but may actually prolong psychosocial moratorium by encouraging reexamination of previous commitments and further exploration of alternate possibilities without encouraging resolution. For the most part, evidence has supported Erikson's stages: each correlates with the personality traits he originally predicted. Studies also confirm the impermanence of the stages; there is no final endpoint in identity development.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Research

text: since

text: reveals

text: self

text: examination

text: beginning

text: early

text: in

text: adolescence

text: but

text: identity

text: achievement

text: rarely

text: occurring

text: before

text: age

text: The

text: freshman

text: year

text: of

text: college

text: influences

text: identity

text: development

text: significantly

text: but

text: may

text: actually

text: prolong

text: psychosocial

text: moratorium

text: by

text: encouraging

text: reexamination

text: of

text: previous

text: commitments

text: and

text: further

text: exploration

text: of

text: alternate

text: possibilities

text: without

text: encouraging

text: resolution

text: For

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: evidence

text: has

text: supported

text: Erikson

text: 's

text: stages

text: each

text: correlates

text: with

text: the

text: personality

text: traits

text: he

text: originally

text: predicted

text: Studies

text: also

text: confirm

text: the

text: impermanence

text: of

text: the

text: stages

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: final

text: endpoint

text: in

text: identity

text: development

question: Identity achievement rarely occurs before what age?

answer: 18

question: Is there a final endpoint in identity development?

answer: no

text: no

question: Evidence has supported which theorist's idea concerning stages of development?

answer: Erikson

text: Erikson

question: Does self-examination begin early or late in adolescence?

answer: early

text: early


text: Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants. Others argue that the ESA may encourage preemptive habitat destruction by landowners who fear losing the use of their land because of the presence of an endangered species; known colloquially as "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up." One example of such perverse incentives is the case of a forest owner who, in response to ESA listing of the red-cockaded woodpecker, increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat. While no studies have shown that the Act's negative effects, in total, exceed the positive effects, many economists believe that finding a way to reduce such perverse incentives would lead to more effective protection of endangered species.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: Opponents

text: of

text: the

text: Endangered

text: Species

text: Act

text: argue

text: that

text: with

text: over

text: endangered

text: species

text: listed

text: and

text: only

text: delisted

text: due

text: to

text: recovery

text: the

text: success

text: rate

text: of

text: over

text: nearly

text: three

text: decades

text: proves

text: that

text: there

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: serious

text: reform

text: in

text: their

text: methods

text: to

text: actually

text: help

text: the

text: endangered

text: animals

text: and

text: plants

text: Others

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: ESA

text: may

text: encourage

text: preemptive

text: habitat

text: destruction

text: by

text: landowners

text: who

text: fear

text: losing

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: their

text: land

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: an

text: endangered

text: species

text: known

text: colloquially

text: as

text: Shoot

text: Shovel

text: and

text: Shut

text: Up

text: One

text: example

text: of

text: such

text: perverse

text: incentives

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: forest

text: owner

text: who

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: ESA

text: listing

text: of

text: the

text: red

text: cockaded

text: woodpecker

text: increased

text: harvesting

text: and

text: shortened

text: the

text: age

text: at

text: which

text: he

text: harvests

text: his

text: trees

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: become

text: old

text: enough

text: to

text: become

text: suitable

text: habitat

text: While

text: no

text: studies

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: the

text: Act

text: 's

text: negative

text: effects

text: in

text: total

text: exceed

text: the

text: positive

text: effects

text: many

text: economists

text: believe

text: that

text: finding

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: reduce

text: such

text: perverse

text: incentives

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: more

text: effective

text: protection

text: of

text: endangered

text: species

question: How many species are currently listed?

answer: over 2,000

text: over 2,000

question: What is the success rate of the list and the Endangered Species Act initiatives?

answer: 1%

question: What is the name given to the act of pre-emptive habitat destruction by landowners fearing a protected species?

answer: "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up."

text: "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up."

question: How did a land owner impact the protected red-cockaded woodpecker species?

answer: increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat

text: increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat

question: Less than how many species are still listed?

question: How long has the ESA been using the "Shoot, Shovel, and Shut-up" method?

text: nearly three decades

question: What have studies shown the negative effects outweigh?

text: the positive effects,

question: What is another name for the ESA's practices?

text: Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up

question: What is the success rate of Shoot, Shovel, and Shut-Up?


text: The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understand them with little difficulty. Changes include the morphological shift of í to ej and é to í (although é survives for some uses) and the merging of í and the former ejí. Sometime before the eighteenth century, the Czech language abandoned a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/ which survives in Slovak.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: The

text: consensus

text: among

text: linguists

text: is

text: that

text: modern

text: standard

text: Czech

text: originated

text: during

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: By

text: then

text: the

text: language

text: had

text: developed

text: a

text: literary

text: tradition

text: and

text: since

text: then

text: it

text: has

text: changed

text: little

text: journals

text: from

text: that

text: period

text: have

text: no

text: substantial

text: differences

text: from

text: modern

text: standard

text: Czech

text: and

text: contemporary

text: Czechs

text: can

text: understand

text: them

text: with

text: little

text: difficulty

text: Changes

text: include

text: the

text: morphological

text: shift

text: of

text: í

text: to

text: ej

text: and

text: é

text: to

text: í

text: although

text: é

text: survives

text: for

text: some

text: uses

text: and

text: the

text: merging

text: of

text: í

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: ejí

text: Sometime

text: before

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: the

text: Czech

text: language

text: abandoned

text: a

text: distinction

text: between

text: phonemic

text: /l/

text: and

text: /ʎ/

text: which

text: survives

text: in

text: Slovak

question: When do linguists agree modern Czech originated?

answer: the eighteenth century

text: the eighteenth century

question: What had Czech developed by the 18th century?

answer: literary tradition

text: literary tradition

question: Journals from the 18th century have no substantial differences from what?

answer: modern standard Czech

text: modern standard Czech

question: How much difficulty do contemporary Czechs have in understanding material from the 18th century?

answer: little

text: little

question: What did the Czech language abandon which survives in Slovak?

answer: a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/

text: a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/

question: At what time did modern Slovak originate?

text: the eighteenth century

question: What had Slovak developed?

text: a literary tradition

question: How much has Slovak changed from the past until now?

text: little

question: What kind of differences do writings from the past have from modern Slovak?

text: no substantial differences

question: What group believes modern Slovak originated during the eighteenth century?

text: linguists


text: Precipitation is rather uniformly distributed throughout the year. However, dry periods lasting several weeks do occur, especially in autumn when long periods of pleasant, mild weather are most common. There is considerable variability in total monthly amounts from year to year so that no one month can be depended upon to be normal. Snow has been recorded during seven of the twelve months. Falls of 3 inches (7.6 cm) or more within 24 hours occur an average once per year. Annual snowfall, however, is usually light, averaging 10.5 inches (27 cm) per season. Snow typically remains on the ground only one or two days at a time, but remained for 16 days in 2010 (January 30 to February 14). Ice storms (freezing rain or glaze) are not uncommon, but they are seldom severe enough to do any considerable damage.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Precipitation

text: is

text: rather

text: uniformly

text: distributed

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: However

text: dry

text: periods

text: lasting

text: several

text: weeks

text: do

text: occur

text: especially

text: in

text: autumn

text: when

text: long

text: periods

text: of

text: pleasant

text: mild

text: weather

text: are

text: most

text: common

text: There

text: is

text: considerable

text: variability

text: in

text: total

text: monthly

text: amounts

text: from

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: so

text: that

text: no

text: one

text: month

text: can

text: be

text: depended

text: upon

text: to

text: be

text: normal

text: Snow

text: has

text: been

text: recorded

text: during

text: seven

text: of

text: the

text: twelve

text: months

text: Falls

text: of

text: inches

text: cm

text: or

text: more

text: within

text: hours

text: occur

text: an

text: average

text: once

text: per

text: year

text: Annual

text: snowfall

text: however

text: is

text: usually

text: light

text: averaging

text: inches

text: cm

text: per

text: season

text: Snow

text: typically

text: remains

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: only

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: days

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: but

text: remained

text: for

text: days

text: in

text: January

text: to

text: February

text: Ice

text: storms

text: freezing

text: rain

text: or

text: glaze

text: are

text: not

text: uncommon

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: seldom

text: severe

text: enough

text: to

text: do

text: any

text: considerable

text: damage

question: What season in Richmond is most likely to see periods of dryness?

answer: autumn

text: autumn

question: How many times does Richmond receive 7.6 centimeters or more of snow in a 24 hour period annually?

answer: once

text: once

question: About how many centimeters of snow does Richmond experience in the fall?

answer: 27

question: During what span of 2010 did snowfall remain for a significant amount of time on the ground in Richmond?

answer: January 30 to February 14

text: January 30 to February 14

question: What types of ice storms sometimes hit Richmond?

answer: freezing rain or glaze

text: freezing rain or glaze


text: While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: While

text: the

text: incumbents

text: of

text: some

text: sees

text: are

text: regularly

text: made

text: cardinals

text: and

text: some

text: countries

text: are

text: entitled

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: cardinal

text: by

text: concordate

text: usually

text: earning

text: its

text: primate

text: the

text: cardinal

text: 's

text: hat

text: no

text: see

text: carries

text: an

text: actual

text: right

text: to

text: the

text: cardinalate

text: not

text: even

text: if

text: its

text: bishop

text: is

text: a

text: Patriarch

question: Do any sees carry the right to the cardinalate?

answer: no

text: no

question: Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what?

answer: the cardinalate

text: the cardinalate

question: Which see carries a right to the cardinalate?

text: no see carries an actual right

question: Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate?

text: not even if its bishop is a Patriarch

question: Who is not sometimes entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate?

text: some countries

question: Who are not regularly made cardinals?

text: incumbents of some sees


text: Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Bird

text: migration

text: routes

text: have

text: been

text: studied

text: by

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: techniques

text: including

text: the

text: oldest

text: marking

text: Swans

text: have

text: been

text: marked

text: with

text: a

text: nick

text: on

text: the

text: beak

text: since

text: about

text: in

text: England

text: Scientific

text: ringing

text: was

text: pioneered

text: by

text: Hans

text: Christian

text: Cornelius

text: Mortensen

text: in

text: Other

text: techniques

text: include

text: radar

text: and

text: satellite

text: tracking

question: What is the oldest way to study migration?

answer: marking

text: marking

question: How have swans been marked?

answer: a nick on the beak

text: a nick on the beak

question: Since when have swans been marked?

answer: 1560

question: Who was scientific ringing pioneered by?

answer: Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen

text: Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen

question: What are other forms of studying migration?

answer: radar and satellite tracking

text: radar and satellite tracking


text: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO. This program is tasked to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) relating to drinking water and sanitation. About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies, with no dignity or privacy - which is called open defecation and which poses significant health risks. India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation: around 600 million people. India has also become a focus country for the foundation's sanitation activities which has become evident since the "Reinvent the Toilet Fair" in Delhi, India in March 2014.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: Improved

text: sanitation

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: is

text: a

text: global

text: need

text: but

text: a

text: neglected

text: priority

text: as

text: shown

text: by

text: the

text: data

text: collected

text: by

text: the

text: Joint

text: Monitoring

text: Programme

text: for

text: Water

text: Supply

text: and

text: Sanitation

text: JMP

text: of

text: UNICEF

text: and

text: WHO

text: This

text: program

text: is

text: tasked

text: to

text: monitor

text: progress

text: towards

text: the

text: Millennium

text: Development

text: Goal

text: MDG

text: relating

text: to

text: drinking

text: water

text: and

text: sanitation

text: About

text: one

text: billion

text: people

text: have

text: no

text: sanitation

text: facility

text: whatsoever

text: and

text: continue

text: to

text: defecate

text: in

text: gutters

text: behind

text: bushes

text: or

text: in

text: open

text: water

text: bodies

text: with

text: no

text: dignity

text: or

text: privacy

text: which

text: is

text: called

text: open

text: defecation

text: and

text: which

text: poses

text: significant

text: health

text: risks

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: practicing

text: open

text: defecation

text: around

text: million

text: people

text: India

text: has

text: also

text: become

text: a

text: focus

text: country

text: for

text: the

text: foundation

text: 's

text: sanitation

text: activities

text: which

text: has

text: become

text: evident

text: since

text: the

text: Reinvent

text: the

text: Toilet

text: Fair

text: in

text: Delhi

text: India

text: in

text: March

question: What is need in the developing world

answer: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need

text: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need

question: What does data collected by unicef and Who show

answer: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected

text: Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected

question: How many people have no sanatation facilities

answer: About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies

text: About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies

question: What country is the worst violator

answer: India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation: around 600 million people

text: India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation: around 600 million people

question: India is host to what activity

answer: "Reinvent the Toilet Fair" in Delhi, India in March 2014.

text: "Reinvent the Toilet Fair" in Delhi, India in March 2014.

question: What is needed for the WHO?

question: What country has been the focus of the foundation's monitoring activities?

text: India

question: What program monitors progress toward improved sanitation?

question: How many people are monitored under the JMP?

text: About one billion people

question: What fair took place that was hosted by the WHO?

text: Reinvent the Toilet Fair


text: Of his eight encyclicals, Pope Paul VI is best known for his encyclical Humanae vitae (Of Human Life, subtitled On the Regulation of Birth), published on 25 July 1968. In this encyclical he reaffirmed the Catholic Church's traditional view of marriage and marital relations and a continued condemnation of artificial birth control. There were two Papal committees and numerous independent experts looking into the latest advancement of science and medicine on the question of artificial birth control. which were noted by the Pope in his encyclical The expressed views of Paul VI reflected the teachings of his predecessors, especially Pius XI, Pius XII and John XXIII and never changed, as he repeatedly stated them in the first few years of his Pontificate

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Of

text: his

text: eight

text: encyclicals

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: encyclical

text: Humanae

text: vitae

text: Of

text: Human

text: Life

text: subtitled

text: On

text: the

text: Regulation

text: of

text: Birth

text: published

text: on

text: July

text: In

text: this

text: encyclical

text: he

text: reaffirmed

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: 's

text: traditional

text: view

text: of

text: marriage

text: and

text: marital

text: relations

text: and

text: a

text: continued

text: condemnation

text: of

text: artificial

text: birth

text: control

text: There

text: were

text: two

text: Papal

text: committees

text: and

text: numerous

text: independent

text: experts

text: looking

text: into

text: the

text: latest

text: advancement

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: medicine

text: on

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: artificial

text: birth

text: control

text: which

text: were

text: noted

text: by

text: the

text: Pope

text: in

text: his

text: encyclical

text: The

text: expressed

text: views

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: reflected

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: his

text: predecessors

text: especially

text: Pius

text: XI

text: Pius

text: XII

text: and

text: John

text: XXIII

text: and

text: never

text: changed

text: as

text: he

text: repeatedly

text: stated

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: few

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: Pontificate

question: Which one of Paul Vi's encyclicals best known in Catholic history?

answer: Humanae vitae

text: Humanae vitae

question: What did Paul VI's Humanae Vitae condemn?

answer: artificial birth control

text: artificial birth control

question: What type of birth control is condemned by the Catholic church?

answer: artificial

text: artificial

question: How many encyclicals did Paul VI publish?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: What does Humanae Vitae mean?

answer: Of Human Life

text: Of Human Life


text: On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, the major combatants were aligned as follows: the British Commonwealth, the United States, and the Soviet Union were fighting Germany and Italy; and the British Commonwealth, China, and the United States were fighting Japan. The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were referred as a "trusteeship of the powerful" during the World War II  and were recognized as the Allied "Big Four" in Declaration by United Nations These four countries were considered as the "Four Policemen" or "Four Sheriffs" of the Allies power and primary victors of World War II. From then through August 1945, battles raged across all of Europe, in the North Atlantic Ocean, across North Africa, throughout Southeast Asia, throughout China, across the Pacific Ocean and in the air over Japan.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: On

text: December

text: Japan

text: attacked

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: at

text: Pearl

text: Harbor

text: bringing

text: it

text: too

text: into

text: the

text: war

text: on

text: the

text: Allied

text: side

text: China

text: also

text: joined

text: the

text: Allies

text: as

text: eventually

text: did

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: China

text: was

text: in

text: turmoil

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: attacked

text: Japanese

text: armies

text: through

text: guerilla

text: type

text: warfare

text: By

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: combatants

text: were

text: aligned

text: as

text: follows

text: the

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: were

text: fighting

text: Germany

text: and

text: Italy

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: were

text: fighting

text: Japan

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: China

text: were

text: referred

text: as

text: a

text: trusteeship

text: of

text: the

text: powerful

text: during

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: were

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: Allied

text: Big

text: Four

text: in

text: Declaration

text: by

text: United

text: Nations

text: These

text: four

text: countries

text: were

text: considered

text: as

text: the

text: Four

text: Policemen

text: or

text: Four

text: Sheriffs

text: of

text: the

text: Allies

text: power

text: and

text: primary

text: victors

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: From

text: then

text: through

text: August

text: battles

text: raged

text: across

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: across

text: North

text: Africa

text: throughout

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: throughout

text: China

text: across

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: over

text: Japan

question: Where did Japan attack the United States?

answer: Pearl Harbor

text: Pearl Harbor

question: When did the attack on Pearl Harbor occur?

answer: December 7, 1941

text: December 7, 1941

question: What countries were referred to as "The Trusteeship Of The Powerful"?

answer: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China

text: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China

question: What did The United Nations name "The Trusteeship Of The Powerful"

answer: "Four Policemen"

text: "Four Policemen"

question: Who were the victors of World War II?

answer: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China

text: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China


text: The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. Situated in the North Atlantic, the islands have a total area of approximately 315,159 km2, and a combined population of just under 70 million. Two sovereign states are located on the islands: Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of the island with the same name) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Isles also include three Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man and, by tradition, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, although the latter are not physically a part of the archipelago.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: The

text: British

text: Isles

text: are

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: islands

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: that

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Ireland

text: and

text: over

text: six

text: thousand

text: smaller

text: isles

text: Situated

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: the

text: islands

text: have

text: a

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: and

text: a

text: combined

text: population

text: of

text: just

text: under

text: million

text: Two

text: sovereign

text: states

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: Ireland

text: which

text: covers

text: roughly

text: five

text: sixths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: The

text: British

text: Isles

text: also

text: include

text: three

text: Crown

text: Dependencies

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: by

text: tradition

text: the

text: Bailiwick

text: of

text: Jersey

text: and

text: the

text: Bailiwick

text: of

text: Guernsey

text: in

text: the

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: although

text: the

text: latter

text: are

text: not

text: physically

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: archipelago

question: What is two islands that are part of the British Isles?

answer: Great Britain, Ireland

text: Great Britain, Ireland

question: Where are the British Isles located?

answer: North Atlantic,

text: North Atlantic,

question: How many people live in the British Isles?

answer: just under 70 million

text: just under 70 million

question: What is one of the three Crown Dependencies of the British Isles?

answer: Isle of Man

text: Isle of Man

question: Where are the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey located?

answer: in the Channel Islands

text: in the Channel Islands

question: What are the only teo islands belonging to the British Isles

text: Great Britain, Ireland

question: What countries border the ATlantic Ocean?

text: Great Britain, Ireland

question: Which Island has just under 70 million people?

text: Ireland

question: What group of Islands has just over 70 million people?

text: British Isles

question: What archipelago are the Bailicick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey part of?

text: The British Isles

question: The British Isles are a group of islands located off the southwestern coast of which continent?

text: Europe

question: The British Isles consist of over 9,000 small islands, Great Britain and which other country?

text: Ireland

question: With a total population of just over 75 million, what is the total area of the islands?

text: 315,159 km2

question: The Channel Islands are a group of islands located off the northwestern coast of which continent?

text: Europe

question: The Bailiwick of Jersey has a total area of 31,5,159 km squared and a total population of how many?

text: just under 70 million.


text: In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons, and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons. The period also saw a growth in domestic Islamist opposition, formulated into groups like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled, and in turn, 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching. In October 1993, elements of the increasingly marginalised army initiated a failed coup in Misrata, while in September 1995, Islamists launched an insurgency in Benghazi, and in July 1996 an anti-Gaddafist football riot broke out in Tripoli. The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: attack

text: the

text: army

text: was

text: purged

text: of

text: perceived

text: disloyal

text: elements

text: and

text: in

text: Gaddafi

text: announced

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: popular

text: militia

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: police

text: In

text: Libya

text: began

text: production

text: of

text: mustard

text: gas

text: at

text: a

text: facility

text: in

text: Rabta

text: although

text: publicly

text: denying

text: it

text: was

text: stockpiling

text: chemical

text: weapons

text: and

text: unsuccessfully

text: attempted

text: to

text: develop

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: The

text: period

text: also

text: saw

text: a

text: growth

text: in

text: domestic

text: Islamist

text: opposition

text: formulated

text: into

text: groups

text: like

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: and

text: the

text: Libyan

text: Islamic

text: Fighting

text: Group

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: assassination

text: attempts

text: against

text: Gaddafi

text: were

text: foiled

text: and

text: in

text: turn

text: saw

text: the

text: security

text: forces

text: raid

text: mosques

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: centres

text: of

text: counter

text: revolutionary

text: preaching

text: In

text: October

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: increasingly

text: marginalised

text: army

text: initiated

text: a

text: failed

text: coup

text: in

text: Misrata

text: while

text: in

text: September

text: Islamists

text: launched

text: an

text: insurgency

text: in

text: Benghazi

text: and

text: in

text: July

text: an

text: anti

text: Gaddafist

text: football

text: riot

text: broke

text: out

text: in

text: Tripoli

text: The

text: Revolutionary

text: Committees

text: experienced

text: a

text: resurgence

text: to

text: combat

text: these

text: Islamists

question: What bodies were intended to be replaced by the popular militia created in 1988?

answer: army and police

text: army and police

question: What chemical weapon did Libya start making in 1987?

answer: mustard gas

text: mustard gas

question: Where did Libya manufacture mustard gas?

answer: Rabta

text: Rabta

question: Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993?

answer: Misrata

text: Misrata

question: Where did a Muslim insurgency take place in 1995?

answer: Benghazi

text: Benghazi


text: Historically within the party, differentiation was made between the "soft left" and the "hard left", with the former embracing more moderately social democratic views while the hard left subscribed to a strongly socialist, even Marxist, ideology. Members on the hard left were often disparaged as the "loony left," particularly in the popular media. The term "hard left" was sometimes used in the 1980s to describe Trotskyist groups such as the Militant tendency, Socialist Organiser and Socialist Action. In more recent times, Members of Parliament in the Socialist Campaign Group and the Labour Representation Committee are seen as constituting a hard left in contrast to a soft left represented by organisations such as Compass and the magazine Tribune.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: Historically

text: within

text: the

text: party

text: differentiation

text: was

text: made

text: between

text: the

text: soft

text: left

text: and

text: the

text: hard

text: left

text: with

text: the

text: former

text: embracing

text: more

text: moderately

text: social

text: democratic

text: views

text: while

text: the

text: hard

text: left

text: subscribed

text: to

text: a

text: strongly

text: socialist

text: even

text: Marxist

text: ideology

text: Members

text: on

text: the

text: hard

text: left

text: were

text: often

text: disparaged

text: as

text: the

text: loony

text: left

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: popular

text: media

text: The

text: term

text: hard

text: left

text: was

text: sometimes

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: describe

text: Trotskyist

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Militant

text: tendency

text: Socialist

text: Organiser

text: and

text: Socialist

text: Action

text: In

text: more

text: recent

text: times

text: Members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: in

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Campaign

text: Group

text: and

text: the

text: Labour

text: Representation

text: Committee

text: are

text: seen

text: as

text: constituting

text: a

text: hard

text: left

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: a

text: soft

text: left

text: represented

text: by

text: organisations

text: such

text: as

text: Compass

text: and

text: the

text: magazine

text: Tribune

question: Who was referred to as the loony right?

text: Members on the hard left

question: What was never used to refer to Trotskyist groups?

text: "hard left"

question: What magazine is part of the hard left?

text: Tribune

question: Who was never described as the loony left?

text: Members on the hard left


text: Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly doubled between 1882 and 1907; and in the United States, millions of families operated out of home seven days a week, year round to produce garments, shoes, artificial flowers, feathers, match boxes, toys, umbrellas and other products. Children aged 5–14 worked alongside the parents. Home-based operations and child labour in Australia, Britain, Austria and other parts of the world was common. Rural areas similarly saw families deploying their children in agriculture. In 1946, Frieda Miller - then Director of United States Department of Labour - told the International Labour Organisation that these home-based operations offered, "low wages, long hours, child labour, unhealthy and insanitary working conditions."

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Home

text: based

text: manufacturing

text: operations

text: were

text: active

text: year

text: round

text: Families

text: willingly

text: deployed

text: their

text: children

text: in

text: these

text: income

text: generating

text: home

text: enterprises

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: men

text: worked

text: from

text: home

text: In

text: France

text: over

text: percent

text: of

text: garment

text: workers

text: operated

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: homes

text: in

text: Germany

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: full

text: time

text: home

text: operations

text: nearly

text: doubled

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: millions

text: of

text: families

text: operated

text: out

text: of

text: home

text: seven

text: days

text: a

text: week

text: year

text: round

text: to

text: produce

text: garments

text: shoes

text: artificial

text: flowers

text: feathers

text: match

text: boxes

text: toys

text: umbrellas

text: and

text: other

text: products

text: Children

text: aged

text: worked

text: alongside

text: the

text: parents

text: Home

text: based

text: operations

text: and

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: Australia

text: Britain

text: Austria

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: was

text: common

text: Rural

text: areas

text: similarly

text: saw

text: families

text: deploying

text: their

text: children

text: in

text: agriculture

text: In

text: Frieda

text: Miller

text: then

text: Director

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Labour

text: told

text: the

text: International

text: Labour

text: Organisation

text: that

text: these

text: home

text: based

text: operations

text: offered

text: low

text: wages

text: long

text: hours

text: child

text: labour

text: unhealthy

text: and

text: insanitary

text: working

text: conditions

question: What time were home manufactoring activities for children taking place?

answer: year round

text: year round

question: Who did the children work beside?

answer: parents

text: parents

question: Where were rural children employed?

answer: agriculture

text: agriculture

question: What were the working conditions described as for the children employed at home?

answer: unhealthy and insanitary

text: unhealthy and insanitary

question: In 1946 who was the Director of the United States Department of Labour?

answer: Frieda Miller

text: Frieda Miller


text: The BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings when fixtures justify, will run until 2016. Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion. On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing a total of 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010–11 to 2012–13. On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year. The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year. The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights. The value of the licensing deal rose by another 70.2% in 2015, when Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: BBC

text: 's

text: highlights

text: package

text: on

text: Saturday

text: and

text: Sunday

text: nights

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: evenings

text: when

text: fixtures

text: justify

text: will

text: run

text: until

text: Television

text: rights

text: alone

text: for

text: the

text: period

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: purchased

text: for

text: billion

text: On

text: June

text: due

text: to

text: troubles

text: encountered

text: by

text: Setanta

text: Sports

text: after

text: it

text: failed

text: to

text: meet

text: a

text: final

text: deadline

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: payment

text: to

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: ESPN

text: was

text: awarded

text: two

text: packages

text: of

text: UK

text: rights

text: containing

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: matches

text: that

text: were

text: available

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: package

text: of

text: matches

text: per

text: season

text: from

text: to

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: announced

text: that

text: BT

text: had

text: been

text: awarded

text: games

text: a

text: season

text: for

text: the

text: through

text: seasons

text: at

text: million

text: a

text: year

text: The

text: remaining

text: games

text: were

text: retained

text: by

text: Sky

text: who

text: paid

text: million

text: a

text: year

text: The

text: total

text: domestic

text: rights

text: have

text: raised

text: billion

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: over

text: the

text: to

text: rights

text: The

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: licensing

text: deal

text: rose

text: by

text: another

text: in

text: when

text: Sky

text: and

text: BT

text: paid

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: billion

text: to

text: renew

text: their

text: contracts

text: with

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: for

text: another

text: three

text: years

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: season

question: How much money did Premier League earn regarding television rights in 2010-13?

answer: Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion.

text: Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion.

question: How many games did BT show in 2013-16?

answer: BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year.

text: BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year.

question: Who will show 116 games for that same time period?

answer: The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year.

text: The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year.

question: How much have the domestic televsion rights increased from 2010-12 to 2012-13?

answer: The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights.

text: The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights.

question: How much did BT and Sky pay for their rights up to the 2018-19 season?

answer: Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.

text: Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.

question: When will the BBC's weekend highlights package run out?

answer: 2016

question: How much were Premier League television rights from 2010 to 2013 purchased for?

answer: £1.782 billion

text: £1.782 billion

question: When did Setanta Sports fail to meet their payments deadline?

answer: 22 June 2009

text: 22 June 2009

question: When Setanta Sports could not pay their bill to the league, which network took over broadcast rights from them?

answer: ESPN

text: ESPN

question: On which date was it announced that BT was awarded a broadcasting contract?

answer: 13 June 2012

text: 13 June 2012

question: For how much did Sky retain the remaining 23 matches?

text: £760 million-a-year.

question: Which channel's package on Monday nights  will run until 2016?

text: BBC's

question: Which package on Saturday and Sunday nights will run through 2009?

text: BBC's highlights package

question: For how long will the Premier League highlights package run?

text: until 2016