text: Ibn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Constant feuds which raged between the regent and her second son, Shams al-Daula, however, compelled the scholar to quit the place. After a brief sojourn at Qazvin he passed southwards to Hamadãn where Shams al-Daula, another Buwayhid emir, had established himself. At first, Ibn Sina entered into the service of a high-born lady; but the emir, hearing of his arrival, called him in as medical attendant, and sent him back with presents to his dwelling. Ibn Sina was even raised to the office of vizier. The emir decreed that he should be banished from the country. Ibn Sina, however, remained hidden for forty days in sheikh Ahmed Fadhel's house, until a fresh attack of illness induced the emir to restore him to his post. Even during this perturbed time, Ibn Sina persevered with his studies and teaching. Every evening, extracts from his great works, the Canon and the Sanatio, were dictated and explained to his pupils. On the death of the emir, Ibn Sina ceased to be vizier and hid himself in the house of an apothecary, where, with intense assiduity, he continued the composition of his works.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: subsequently

text: settled

text: at

text: Rey

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: modern

text: Tehran

text: the

text: home

text: town

text: of

text: Rhazes

text: where

text: Majd

text: Addaula

text: a

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Buwayhid

text: emir

text: was

text: nominal

text: ruler

text: under

text: the

text: regency

text: of

text: his

text: mother

text: Seyyedeh

text: Khatun

text: About

text: thirty

text: of

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: 's

text: shorter

text: works

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: composed

text: in

text: Rey

text: Constant

text: feuds

text: which

text: raged

text: between

text: the

text: regent

text: and

text: her

text: second

text: son

text: Shams

text: al

text: Daula

text: however

text: compelled

text: the

text: scholar

text: to

text: quit

text: the

text: place

text: After

text: a

text: brief

text: sojourn

text: at

text: Qazvin

text: he

text: passed

text: southwards

text: to

text: Hamadãn

text: where

text: Shams

text: al

text: Daula

text: another

text: Buwayhid

text: emir

text: had

text: established

text: himself

text: At

text: first

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: entered

text: into

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: born

text: lady

text: but

text: the

text: emir

text: hearing

text: of

text: his

text: arrival

text: called

text: him

text: in

text: as

text: medical

text: attendant

text: and

text: sent

text: him

text: back

text: with

text: presents

text: to

text: his

text: dwelling

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: was

text: even

text: raised

text: to

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: vizier

text: The

text: emir

text: decreed

text: that

text: he

text: should

text: be

text: banished

text: from

text: the

text: country

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: however

text: remained

text: hidden

text: for

text: forty

text: days

text: in

text: sheikh

text: Ahmed

text: Fadhel

text: 's

text: house

text: until

text: a

text: fresh

text: attack

text: of

text: illness

text: induced

text: the

text: emir

text: to

text: restore

text: him

text: to

text: his

text: post

text: Even

text: during

text: this

text: perturbed

text: time

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: persevered

text: with

text: his

text: studies

text: and

text: teaching

text: Every

text: evening

text: extracts

text: from

text: his

text: great

text: works

text: the

text: Canon

text: and

text: the

text: Sanatio

text: were

text: dictated

text: and

text: explained

text: to

text: his

text: pupils

text: On

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: emir

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: ceased

text: to

text: be

text: vizier

text: and

text: hid

text: himself

text: in

text: the

text: house

text: of

text: an

text: apothecary

text: where

text: with

text: intense

text: assiduity

text: he

text: continued

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: his

text: works

question: What city did Ibn Sina settle in?

answer: Rey

text: Rey

question: What modern city of today was Rey in the vicinity of?

answer: Tehran

text: Tehran

question: How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey?

answer: thirty

text: thirty

question: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved southwards to what city?

answer: Hamadãn

text: Hamadãn

question: What office did Ibn Sina receive in Hamadan?

answer: office of vizier

text: office of vizier

question: Where did Ibn Sina write his first thirty works?

text: Rey

question: Who did Ibn Sina feud with while at the palace?

text: the regent and her second son

question: Who was emir of Qazvin?

text: Shams al-Daula

question: Who did Ibn Sina hide for forty days?

text: Ahmed Fadhel's

question: Who's death made Ibn Sani a vizier?

text: the emir

question: What city did Ibn Sina decide not to settle in?

text: Rey

question: What ancient city of today was Rey in the vicinity of?

text: Tehran

question: How many of Ibn Sina's longer works were said to have been created in Rey?

text: thirty

question: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved northwards to what city?

text: Hamadãn

question: What office did Ibn Sina lose in Hamadan?

text: office of vizier


text: Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices. War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, through diffusion or acculturation. In diffusion, the form of something (though not necessarily its meaning) moves from one culture to another. For example, hamburgers, fast food in the United States, seemed exotic when introduced into China. "Stimulus diffusion" (the sharing of ideas) refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention or propagation in another. "Direct Borrowing" on the other hand tends to refer to technological or tangible diffusion from one culture to another. Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model of why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and products.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: Cultures

text: are

text: externally

text: affected

text: via

text: contact

text: between

text: societies

text: which

text: may

text: also

text: produce

text: or

text: inhibit

text: social

text: shifts

text: and

text: changes

text: in

text: cultural

text: practices

text: War

text: or

text: competition

text: over

text: resources

text: may

text: impact

text: technological

text: development

text: or

text: social

text: dynamics

text: Additionally

text: cultural

text: ideas

text: may

text: transfer

text: from

text: one

text: society

text: to

text: another

text: through

text: diffusion

text: or

text: acculturation

text: In

text: diffusion

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: something

text: though

text: not

text: necessarily

text: its

text: meaning

text: moves

text: from

text: one

text: culture

text: to

text: another

text: For

text: example

text: hamburgers

text: fast

text: food

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: seemed

text: exotic

text: when

text: introduced

text: into

text: China

text: Stimulus

text: diffusion

text: the

text: sharing

text: of

text: ideas

text: refers

text: to

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: one

text: culture

text: leading

text: to

text: an

text: invention

text: or

text: propagation

text: in

text: another

text: Direct

text: Borrowing

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: tends

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: technological

text: or

text: tangible

text: diffusion

text: from

text: one

text: culture

text: to

text: another

text: Diffusion

text: of

text: innovations

text: theory

text: presents

text: a

text: research

text: based

text: model

text: of

text: why

text: and

text: when

text: individuals

text: and

text: cultures

text: adopt

text: new

text: ideas

text: practices

text: and

text: products

question: What may impact social dynamics and technical development?

answer: War or competition over resources

text: War or competition over resources

question: In the example given, what seemed exotic when introduced into China but is common in the United States?

answer: fast food

text: fast food

question: What does the term Stimulus diffusion mean?

answer: the sharing of ideas

text: the sharing of ideas

question: Which theory consist of cultured adopting new practices,ideas, and products?

answer: Diffusion of innovations

text: Diffusion of innovations

question: What is internally affected via contact between societies?

text: Cultures

question: In the example given, what seemed common when introduced into China but is exotic in the United States?

text: fast food

question: What does the term Stimulus infusion mean?

text: the sharing of ideas

question: What refers to technological or tangible infusion from one culture to another?

text: Direct Borrowing

question: What theory presents a research-based model of why and when groups and cultures adopt old ideas, practices, and products?

text: Diffusion of innovations theory


text: Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds. This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable. They are also commonly used in portable power tools, such as drills, sanders, circular and jig saws, where the motor's characteristics work well. Many vacuum cleaner and weed trimmer motors exceed 10,000 rpm, while many similar miniature grinders exceed 30,000 rpm.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Whereas

text: SCIMs

text: can

text: not

text: turn

text: a

text: shaft

text: faster

text: than

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: power

text: line

text: frequency

text: universal

text: motors

text: can

text: run

text: at

text: much

text: higher

text: speeds

text: This

text: makes

text: them

text: useful

text: for

text: appliances

text: such

text: as

text: blenders

text: vacuum

text: cleaners

text: and

text: hair

text: dryers

text: where

text: high

text: speed

text: and

text: light

text: weight

text: are

text: desirable

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: portable

text: power

text: tools

text: such

text: as

text: drills

text: sanders

text: circular

text: and

text: jig

text: saws

text: where

text: the

text: motor

text: 's

text: characteristics

text: work

text: well

text: Many

text: vacuum

text: cleaner

text: and

text: weed

text: trimmer

text: motors

text: exceed

text: rpm

text: while

text: many

text: similar

text: miniature

text: grinders

text: exceed

text: rpm

question: At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate?

answer: 10,000

question: At around what RMP do miniature grinders operate?

answer: 30,000

question: What type of motor can universal motors operate much faster than?

answer: SCIMs

text: SCIMs

question: What attributes make universal motors desireable for consumer applications like hair dryers?

answer: high speed and light weight

text: high speed and light weight

question: At around what RRP do weed trimmer motors operate?

text: 10,000 rpm

question: At around what RMR do miniature grinders operate?

text: 30,000 rpm

question: What type of motor can't universal motors operate much faster than?

text: SCIMs

question: What attributes make universal motors less desirable for consumer applications like hair dryers?

text: high speed and light weight


text: In Western culture, the study of politics is first found in Ancient Greece. The antecedents of European politics trace their roots back even earlier than Plato and Aristotle, particularly in the works of Homer, Hesiod, Thucydides, Xenophon, and Euripides. Later, Plato analyzed political systems, abstracted their analysis from more literary- and history- oriented studies and applied an approach we would understand as closer to philosophy. Similarly, Aristotle built upon Plato's analysis to include historical empirical evidence in his analysis.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: In

text: Western

text: culture

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: politics

text: is

text: first

text: found

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: The

text: antecedents

text: of

text: European

text: politics

text: trace

text: their

text: roots

text: back

text: even

text: earlier

text: than

text: Plato

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Homer

text: Hesiod

text: Thucydides

text: Xenophon

text: and

text: Euripides

text: Later

text: Plato

text: analyzed

text: political

text: systems

text: abstracted

text: their

text: analysis

text: from

text: more

text: literary-

text: and

text: history-

text: oriented

text: studies

text: and

text: applied

text: an

text: approach

text: we

text: would

text: understand

text: as

text: closer

text: to

text: philosophy

text: Similarly

text: Aristotle

text: built

text: upon

text: Plato

text: 's

text: analysis

text: to

text: include

text: historical

text: empirical

text: evidence

text: in

text: his

text: analysis

question: Where did studying politics originate?

answer: Ancient Greece

text: Ancient Greece

question: What did Plato study?

answer: political systems

text: political systems

question: What method did Plato use to understand political systems?

answer: philosophy

text: philosophy

question: What did Aristotle add to Plato's work?

answer: historical empirical evidence

text: historical empirical evidence


text: Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Long

text: distance

text: migrants

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: disperse

text: as

text: young

text: birds

text: and

text: form

text: attachments

text: to

text: potential

text: breeding

text: sites

text: and

text: to

text: favourite

text: wintering

text: sites

text: Once

text: the

text: site

text: attachment

text: is

text: made

text: they

text: show

text: high

text: site

text: fidelity

text: visiting

text: the

text: same

text: wintering

text: sites

text: year

text: after

text: year

question: When do long distance migrants disperse?

answer: as young birds

text: as young birds

question: What do young birds form attachments to?

answer: potential breeding sites

text: potential breeding sites

question: What else do young birds form attachments to?

answer: wintering sites

text: wintering sites

question: What happens when the site attachment is made?

answer: they show high site-fidelity

text: they show high site-fidelity

question: Where do migrating birds visit?

answer: the same wintering sites year after year

text: the same wintering sites year after year


text: Birds have featured in culture and art since prehistoric times, when they were represented in early cave paintings. Some birds have been perceived as monsters, including the mythological Roc and the Māori's legendary Pouākai, a giant bird capable of snatching humans. Birds were later used as symbols of power, as in the magnificent Peacock Throne of the Mughal and Persian emperors. With the advent of scientific interest in birds, many paintings of birds were commissioned for books. Among the most famous of these bird artists was John James Audubon, whose paintings of North American birds were a great commercial success in Europe and who later lent his name to the National Audubon Society. Birds are also important figures in poetry; for example, Homer incorporated nightingales into his Odyssey, and Catullus used a sparrow as an erotic symbol in his Catullus 2. The relationship between an albatross and a sailor is the central theme of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, which led to the use of the term as a metaphor for a 'burden'. Other English metaphors derive from birds; vulture funds and vulture investors, for instance, take their name from the scavenging vulture.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Birds

text: have

text: featured

text: in

text: culture

text: and

text: art

text: since

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: represented

text: in

text: early

text: cave

text: paintings

text: Some

text: birds

text: have

text: been

text: perceived

text: as

text: monsters

text: including

text: the

text: mythological

text: Roc

text: and

text: the

text: Māori

text: 's

text: legendary

text: Pouākai

text: a

text: giant

text: bird

text: capable

text: of

text: snatching

text: humans

text: Birds

text: were

text: later

text: used

text: as

text: symbols

text: of

text: power

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: magnificent

text: Peacock

text: Throne

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: and

text: Persian

text: emperors

text: With

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: scientific

text: interest

text: in

text: birds

text: many

text: paintings

text: of

text: birds

text: were

text: commissioned

text: for

text: books

text: Among

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: of

text: these

text: bird

text: artists

text: was

text: John

text: James

text: Audubon

text: whose

text: paintings

text: of

text: North

text: American

text: birds

text: were

text: a

text: great

text: commercial

text: success

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: who

text: later

text: lent

text: his

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Audubon

text: Society

text: Birds

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: figures

text: in

text: poetry

text: for

text: example

text: Homer

text: incorporated

text: nightingales

text: into

text: his

text: Odyssey

text: and

text: Catullus

text: used

text: a

text: sparrow

text: as

text: an

text: erotic

text: symbol

text: in

text: his

text: Catullus

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: an

text: albatross

text: and

text: a

text: sailor

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: theme

text: of

text: Samuel

text: Taylor

text: Coleridge

text: 's

text: The

text: Rime

text: of

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Mariner

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: as

text: a

text: metaphor

text: for

text: a

text: burden

text: Other

text: English

text: metaphors

text: derive

text: from

text: birds

text: vulture

text: funds

text: and

text: vulture

text: investors

text: for

text: instance

text: take

text: their

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: scavenging

text: vulture

question: When were birds represented in early cave paintings?

answer: since prehistoric times

text: since prehistoric times

question: What is a mythological giant bird capable of snatching humans?

answer: Pouākai

text: Pouākai

question: John James Audubon later lent his name to which group?

answer: National Audubon Society

text: National Audubon Society

question: What did Homer incorporate into his Odyssey?

answer: nightingales

text: nightingales

question: The relationship between an albatross and a sailor is the central theme of what book?

answer: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

text: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner


text: While exploring inland along the northern coast of Florida in 1528, the members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, found a Native American village near present-day Tallahassee, Florida whose name they transcribed as Apalchen or Apalachen [a.paˈla.tʃɛn]. The name was soon altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north. Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15, 1528, and applied the name. Now spelled "Appalachian," it is the fourth-oldest surviving European place-name in the US.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: While

text: exploring

text: inland

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: Florida

text: in

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Narváez

text: expedition

text: including

text: Álvar

text: Núñez

text: Cabeza

text: de

text: Vaca

text: found

text: a

text: Native

text: American

text: village

text: near

text: present

text: day

text: Tallahassee

text: Florida

text: whose

text: name

text: they

text: transcribed

text: as

text: Apalchen

text: or

text: Apalachen

text: a.paˈla.tʃɛn

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: soon

text: altered

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: to

text: Apalachee

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: tribe

text: and

text: region

text: spreading

text: well

text: inland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Pánfilo

text: de

text: Narváez

text: 's

text: expedition

text: first

text: entered

text: Apalachee

text: territory

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: applied

text: the

text: name

text: Now

text: spelled

text: Appalachian

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: European

text: place

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: US

question: What area did the Narvaez expedition explore?

answer: northern coast of Florida

text: northern coast of Florida

question: When did the Narvaez expedition explore Florida?

answer: 1528

question: What did they transcribe Florida's name as?

answer: Apalchen

text: Apalchen

question: What was the name eventually used for?

answer: as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north

text: as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north

question: When was the name altered to Appalachian?

text: June 15, 1528

question: What is the oldest surviving European place name in the US?

text: Appalachian

question: Who named Tallahassee, Florida?

text: the Narváez expedition

question: What was the name of the leader of the Native American village?

text: Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

question: How was the name of the Narvaez expedition transcribed?

text: Apalchen or Apalachen


text: The pro-decolonisation Labour government, elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee, moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire: that of Indian independence. India's two major political parties—the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League—had been campaigning for independence for decades, but disagreed as to how it should be implemented. Congress favoured a unified secular Indian state, whereas the League, fearing domination by the Hindu majority, desired a separate Islamic state for Muslim-majority regions. Increasing civil unrest and the mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy during 1946 led Attlee to promise independence no later than 1948. When the urgency of the situation and risk of civil war became apparent, the newly appointed (and last) Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, hastily brought forward the date to 15 August 1947. The borders drawn by the British to broadly partition India into Hindu and Muslim areas left tens of millions as minorities in the newly independent states of India and Pakistan. Millions of Muslims subsequently crossed from India to Pakistan and Hindus vice versa, and violence between the two communities cost hundreds of thousands of lives. Burma, which had been administered as part of the British Raj, and Sri Lanka gained their independence the following year in 1948. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became members of the Commonwealth, while Burma chose not to join.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: pro

text: decolonisation

text: Labour

text: government

text: elected

text: at

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: and

text: led

text: by

text: Clement

text: Attlee

text: moved

text: quickly

text: to

text: tackle

text: the

text: most

text: pressing

text: issue

text: facing

text: the

text: empire

text: that

text: of

text: Indian

text: independence

text: India

text: 's

text: two

text: major

text: political

text: parties

text: the

text: Indian

text: National

text: Congress

text: and

text: the

text: Muslim

text: League

text: had

text: been

text: campaigning

text: for

text: independence

text: for

text: decades

text: but

text: disagreed

text: as

text: to

text: how

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: implemented

text: Congress

text: favoured

text: a

text: unified

text: secular

text: Indian

text: state

text: whereas

text: the

text: League

text: fearing

text: domination

text: by

text: the

text: Hindu

text: majority

text: desired

text: a

text: separate

text: Islamic

text: state

text: for

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: regions

text: Increasing

text: civil

text: unrest

text: and

text: the

text: mutiny

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Indian

text: Navy

text: during

text: led

text: Attlee

text: to

text: promise

text: independence

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: When

text: the

text: urgency

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: and

text: risk

text: of

text: civil

text: war

text: became

text: apparent

text: the

text: newly

text: appointed

text: and

text: last

text: Viceroy

text: Lord

text: Mountbatten

text: hastily

text: brought

text: forward

text: the

text: date

text: to

text: August

text: The

text: borders

text: drawn

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: to

text: broadly

text: partition

text: India

text: into

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Muslim

text: areas

text: left

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: as

text: minorities

text: in

text: the

text: newly

text: independent

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: Millions

text: of

text: Muslims

text: subsequently

text: crossed

text: from

text: India

text: to

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Hindus

text: vice

text: versa

text: and

text: violence

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: communities

text: cost

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: lives

text: Burma

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: administered

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: gained

text: their

text: independence

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: in

text: India

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: became

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: while

text: Burma

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: join

question: Who led the British government elected in 1945?

answer: Clement Attlee

text: Clement Attlee

question: What were India's two largest political parties in the 1940s?

answer: the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League

text: the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League

question: What was India's majority religion in the 1940s?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu

question: When India was split into Hindu and Muslim areas, what country did the Muslim area become?

answer: Pakistan

text: Pakistan

question: When did Burma get its independence?

answer: 1948


text: The opening years of the 1980s saw a number of changes in personnel and direction of established hard rock acts, including the deaths of Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, and John Bonham, drummer with Led Zeppelin. Whereas Zeppelin broke up almost immediately afterwards, AC/DC pressed on, recording the album Back in Black (1980) with their new lead singer, Brian Johnson. It became the fifth-highest-selling album of all time in the US and the second-highest-selling album in the world. Black Sabbath had split with original singer Ozzy Osbourne in 1979 and replaced him with Ronnie James Dio, formerly of Rainbow, giving the band a new sound and a period of creativity and popularity beginning with Heaven and Hell (1980). Osbourne embarked on a solo career with Blizzard of Ozz (1980), featuring American guitarist Randy Rhoads. Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others, including Rush with Moving Pictures (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound. The creation of thrash metal, which mixed heavy metal with elements of hardcore punk from about 1982, particularly by Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer, helped to create extreme metal and further remove the style from hard rock, although a number of these bands or their members would continue to record some songs closer to a hard rock sound. Kiss moved away from their hard rock roots toward pop metal: firstly removing their makeup in 1983 for their Lick It Up album, and then adopting the visual and sound of glam metal for their 1984 release, Animalize, both of which marked a return to commercial success. Pat Benatar was one of the first women to achieve commercial success in hard rock, with three successive Top 5 albums between 1980 and 1982.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: The

text: opening

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: saw

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: changes

text: in

text: personnel

text: and

text: direction

text: of

text: established

text: hard

text: rock

text: acts

text: including

text: the

text: deaths

text: of

text: Bon

text: Scott

text: the

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: AC

text: DC

text: and

text: John

text: Bonham

text: drummer

text: with

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: Whereas

text: Zeppelin

text: broke

text: up

text: almost

text: immediately

text: afterwards

text: AC

text: DC

text: pressed

text: on

text: recording

text: the

text: album

text: Back

text: in

text: Black

text: with

text: their

text: new

text: lead

text: singer

text: Brian

text: Johnson

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: fifth

text: highest

text: selling

text: album

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: selling

text: album

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Black

text: Sabbath

text: had

text: split

text: with

text: original

text: singer

text: Ozzy

text: Osbourne

text: in

text: and

text: replaced

text: him

text: with

text: Ronnie

text: James

text: Dio

text: formerly

text: of

text: Rainbow

text: giving

text: the

text: band

text: a

text: new

text: sound

text: and

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: creativity

text: and

text: popularity

text: beginning

text: with

text: Heaven

text: and

text: Hell

text: Osbourne

text: embarked

text: on

text: a

text: solo

text: career

text: with

text: Blizzard

text: of

text: Ozz

text: featuring

text: American

text: guitarist

text: Randy

text: Rhoads

text: Some

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Queen

text: moved

text: away

text: from

text: their

text: hard

text: rock

text: roots

text: and

text: more

text: towards

text: pop

text: rock

text: while

text: others

text: including

text: Rush

text: with

text: Moving

text: Pictures

text: began

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: a

text: hard

text: rock

text: sound

text: The

text: creation

text: of

text: thrash

text: metal

text: which

text: mixed

text: heavy

text: metal

text: with

text: elements

text: of

text: hardcore

text: punk

text: from

text: about

text: particularly

text: by

text: Metallica

text: Anthrax

text: Megadeth

text: and

text: Slayer

text: helped

text: to

text: create

text: extreme

text: metal

text: and

text: further

text: remove

text: the

text: style

text: from

text: hard

text: rock

text: although

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: these

text: bands

text: or

text: their

text: members

text: would

text: continue

text: to

text: record

text: some

text: songs

text: closer

text: to

text: a

text: hard

text: rock

text: sound

text: Kiss

text: moved

text: away

text: from

text: their

text: hard

text: rock

text: roots

text: toward

text: pop

text: metal

text: firstly

text: removing

text: their

text: makeup

text: in

text: for

text: their

text: Lick

text: It

text: Up

text: album

text: and

text: then

text: adopting

text: the

text: visual

text: and

text: sound

text: of

text: glam

text: metal

text: for

text: their

text: release

text: Animalize

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: marked

text: a

text: return

text: to

text: commercial

text: success

text: Pat

text: Benatar

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: women

text: to

text: achieve

text: commercial

text: success

text: in

text: hard

text: rock

text: with

text: three

text: successive

text: Top

text: albums

text: between

text: and

question: Who was the original lead singer of AC/DC who died?

answer: Bon Scott

text: Bon Scott

question: Who was the Led Zeppelin drummer who passed away?

answer: John Bonham

text: John Bonham

question: What singer replaced Ozzy Osbourne in Black Sabbath?

answer: Ronnie James Dio

text: Ronnie James Dio

question: What was Ozzy Osbourne's first solo album?

answer: Blizzard of Ozz

text: Blizzard of Ozz

question: What are some thrash metal bands?

answer: Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer

text: Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer

question: When was Bon Scott born?

question: What band was lead singer John Bonham from?

text: Led Zeppelin

question: Who quit the band Led Zeppelin to move to another band?

text: John Bonham

question: What AC/DC album became the fifth highest selling album in the US?

text: Back in Black

question: What solo album did Randy Rhoads release in 1980?

text: Blizzard of Ozz


text: The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: The

text: original

text: Charter

text: of

text: set

text: out

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Institute

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: general

text: advancement

text: of

text: Civil

text: Architecture

text: and

text: for

text: promoting

text: and

text: facilitating

text: the

text: acquirement

text: of

text: the

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: connected

text: therewith

question: What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?

answer: the general advancement of Civil Architecture

text: the general advancement of Civil Architecture

question: What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?

answer: The original Charter of 1837

text: The original Charter of 1837

question: What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?

answer: promoting and facilitating

text: promoting and facilitating

question: What was the secondary aim of the Royal Institute?

question: What document set forth the restrictions of the Royal Institute?

text: The original Charter of 1837

question: What was the Royal Institute not responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?

text: promoting and facilitating

question: Which charter was not used in 1837?

text: The original


text: The term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: The

text: term

text: hardware

text: covers

text: all

text: of

text: those

text: parts

text: of

text: a

text: computer

text: that

text: are

text: tangible

text: objects

text: Circuits

text: displays

text: power

text: supplies

text: cables

text: keyboards

text: printers

text: and

text: mice

text: are

text: all

text: hardware

question: Parts of a computer that are real objects are collectively known as what?

answer: hardware

text: hardware


text: Gain is a parameter which measures the degree of directivity of the antenna's radiation pattern. A high-gain antenna will radiate most of its power in a particular direction, while a low-gain antenna will radiate over a wider angle. The antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity (power per unit surface area)  radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance, divided by the intensity  radiated at the same distance by a hypothetical isotropic antenna which radiates equal power in all directions. This dimensionless ratio is usually expressed logarithmically in decibels, these units are called "decibels-isotropic" (dBi)

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Gain

text: is

text: a

text: parameter

text: which

text: measures

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: directivity

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: radiation

text: pattern

text: A

text: high

text: gain

text: antenna

text: will

text: radiate

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: direction

text: while

text: a

text: low

text: gain

text: antenna

text: will

text: radiate

text: over

text: a

text: wider

text: angle

text: The

text: antenna

text: gain

text: or

text: power

text: gain

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: intensity

text: power

text: per

text: unit

text: surface

text: area

text: radiated

text: by

text: the

text: antenna

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: its

text: maximum

text: output

text: at

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: distance

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: intensity

text: radiated

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: distance

text: by

text: a

text: hypothetical

text: isotropic

text: antenna

text: which

text: radiates

text: equal

text: power

text: in

text: all

text: directions

text: This

text: dimensionless

text: ratio

text: is

text: usually

text: expressed

text: logarithmically

text: in

text: decibels

text: these

text: units

text: are

text: called

text: decibels

text: isotropic

text: dBi

question: What is an acknowledgement of the range of possible direction for and antenna?

answer: gain

text: gain

question: What is another way to refer to an antennas gain?

answer: power gain

text: power gain

question: What is the meaning of intensity?

answer: power per unit surface area

text: power per unit surface area

question: What type of an antenna would offer the same level of power to each possible destination?

answer: isotropic

text: isotropic


text: It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: It

text: is

text: easy

text: for

text: Western

text: educated

text: scholars

text: to

text: fall

text: into

text: the

text: trap

text: of

text: viewing

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: social

text: and

text: sexual

text: arrangements

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: Western

text: values.[editorializing

text: One

text: common

text: arrangement

text: is

text: the

text: sexual

text: division

text: of

text: labour

text: with

text: women

text: doing

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: gathering

text: while

text: men

text: concentrate

text: on

text: big

text: game

text: hunting

text: It

text: might

text: be

text: imagined

text: that

text: this

text: arrangement

text: oppresses

text: women

text: keeping

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: domestic

text: sphere

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: some

text: observers

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: women

text: would

text: not

text: understand

text: this

text: interpretation

text: Since

text: childcare

text: is

text: collective

text: with

text: every

text: baby

text: having

text: multiple

text: mothers

text: and

text: male

text: carers

text: the

text: domestic

text: sphere

text: is

text: not

text: atomised

text: or

text: privatised

text: but

text: an

text: empowering

text: place

text: to

text: be.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: all

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: societies

text: women

text: appreciate

text: the

text: meat

text: brought

text: back

text: to

text: camp

text: by

text: men

text: An

text: illustrative

text: account

text: is

text: Megan

text: Biesele

text: 's

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: African

text: Ju/'hoan

text: Women

text: Like

text: Meat

text: Recent

text: archaeological

text: research

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: sexual

text: division

text: of

text: labor

text: was

text: the

text: fundamental

text: organisational

text: innovation

text: that

text: gave

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: the

text: edge

text: over

text: the

text: Neanderthals

text: allowing

text: our

text: ancestors

text: to

text: migrate

text: from

text: Africa

text: and

text: spread

text: across

text: the

text: globe

question: What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies?

answer: Western values

text: Western values

question: Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?

answer: women

text: women

question: What group members are the big game hunters?

answer: men

text: men

question: What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ?

answer: arrangement oppresses women

text: arrangement oppresses women

question: How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?

answer: childcare is collective

text: childcare is collective

question: What gave the Neanderthals the edge over Homo sapiens?

text: the sexual division of labor

question: It is easy to view what arrangements in the light of Eastern values?

text: social and sexual

question: One rare arrangement is the sexual division of what?

text: labour

question: Every baby had one mother and one male carer in what society?

text: hunter-gatherer

question: Ancient archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was what?


text: The king appoints the prime minister from the legislature and also appoints a minority of legislators to both chambers of the Libandla (parliament) with help from an advisory council. The king is allowed by the constitution to appoint some members to parliament for special interests. These special interests are citizens who might have been left out by the electorate during the course of elections or did not enter as candidates. This is done to balance views in parliament. Special interests could be people of gender, race, disability, the business community, civic society, scholars, chiefs and so on.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: The

text: king

text: appoints

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: from

text: the

text: legislature

text: and

text: also

text: appoints

text: a

text: minority

text: of

text: legislators

text: to

text: both

text: chambers

text: of

text: the

text: Libandla

text: parliament

text: with

text: help

text: from

text: an

text: advisory

text: council

text: The

text: king

text: is

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: constitution

text: to

text: appoint

text: some

text: members

text: to

text: parliament

text: for

text: special

text: interests

text: These

text: special

text: interests

text: are

text: citizens

text: who

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: left

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: electorate

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: elections

text: or

text: did

text: not

text: enter

text: as

text: candidates

text: This

text: is

text: done

text: to

text: balance

text: views

text: in

text: parliament

text: Special

text: interests

text: could

text: be

text: people

text: of

text: gender

text: race

text: disability

text: the

text: business

text: community

text: civic

text: society

text: scholars

text: chiefs

text: and

text: so

text: on

question: Who appoints the prime minister of Swaziland?

answer: The king

text: The king

question: What is the parliament of Swaziland known as?

answer: the Libandla

text: the Libandla

question: What part of the Swaziland parliament is appointed by the King?

answer: a minority

text: a minority

question: Why is the king allowed to appoint members of parliament?

answer: to balance views in parliament

text: to balance views in parliament

question: Who does the prime minister appoint?

text: the legislature

question: who appoints the advisory council?

text: The king

question: Who appoints both chambers of the Libandla?

text: The king

question: Why are special intrests left out of parliment?

text: to balance views in parliament


text: On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, on 11 July Neptune was also not at its exact discovery position in relation to the Sun; if the more common heliocentric coordinate system is used, the discovery longitude was reached on 12 July 2011.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: On

text: July

text: Neptune

text: completed

text: its

text: first

text: full

text: barycentric

text: orbit

text: since

text: its

text: discovery

text: in

text: although

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: appear

text: at

text: its

text: exact

text: discovery

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: because

text: Earth

text: was

text: in

text: a

text: different

text: location

text: in

text: its

text: orbit

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: barycentre

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: on

text: July

text: Neptune

text: was

text: also

text: not

text: at

text: its

text: exact

text: discovery

text: position

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: if

text: the

text: more

text: common

text: heliocentric

text: coordinate

text: system

text: is

text: used

text: the

text: discovery

text: longitude

text: was

text: reached

text: on

text: July

question: When did Neptune complete it's first barycentric orbit since it's discovery?

answer: 11 July 2011

text: 11 July 2011

question: What is the Earth's orbit?

answer: 365.26-day

question: Using the heliocentric coordinate system, when did Neptune reach the discovery longitude?

answer: 12 July 2011

text: 12 July 2011

question: Why didn't Neptune appear to be in it's exact discover position?

answer: Earth was in a different location

text: Earth was in a different location

question: When did Neptune complete it's last barycentric orbit since it's discovery?

text: 11 July 2011

question: Using the heliocentric coordinate system, when did Jupiter reach the discovery longitude?

text: 12 July 2011

question: Why did Neptune appear to be in it's exact discover position?

text: Earth was in a different location


text: In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good oak these large vessels of the earlywood occupy from 6 to 10 percent of the volume of the log, while in inferior material they may make up 25% or more. The latewood of good oak is dark colored and firm, and consists mostly of thick-walled fibers which form one-half or more of the wood. In inferior oak, this latewood is much reduced both in quantity and quality. Such variation is very largely the result of rate of growth.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: ring

text: porous

text: woods

text: of

text: good

text: growth

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: latewood

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: thick

text: walled

text: strength

text: giving

text: fibers

text: are

text: most

text: abundant

text: As

text: the

text: breadth

text: of

text: ring

text: diminishes

text: this

text: latewood

text: is

text: reduced

text: so

text: that

text: very

text: slow

text: growth

text: produces

text: comparatively

text: light

text: porous

text: wood

text: composed

text: of

text: thin

text: walled

text: vessels

text: and

text: wood

text: parenchyma

text: In

text: good

text: oak

text: these

text: large

text: vessels

text: of

text: the

text: earlywood

text: occupy

text: from

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: the

text: log

text: while

text: in

text: inferior

text: material

text: they

text: may

text: make

text: up

text: or

text: more

text: The

text: latewood

text: of

text: good

text: oak

text: is

text: dark

text: colored

text: and

text: firm

text: and

text: consists

text: mostly

text: of

text: thick

text: walled

text: fibers

text: which

text: form

text: one

text: half

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: wood

text: In

text: inferior

text: oak

text: this

text: latewood

text: is

text: much

text: reduced

text: both

text: in

text: quantity

text: and

text: quality

text: Such

text: variation

text: is

text: very

text: largely

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: rate

text: of

text: growth

question: Which specific type of wood within ring-porous woods have more fibers to make it strong?

answer: latewood

text: latewood

question: When there is less latewood, what is diminishing?

answer: breadth of ring

text: breadth of ring

question: Does slow or rapid growth make relatively porous, light wood?

answer: slow

text: slow

question: What kind of oak has just 6-10% volume of large vessels in the log?

answer: good

text: good

question: What kind of fibers are in the latewood of good oak, making it very firm?

answer: thick-walled

text: thick-walled


text: The Association for Asian Studies states that there is no known written evidence to suggest that later leaders of the Gelug—Gendün Drup (1391–1474) and Gendün Gyatso (1475–1571)—had any contacts with Ming China. These two religious leaders were preoccupied with an overriding concern for dealing with the powerful secular Rinpungpa princes, who were patrons and protectors of the Karma Kargyu lamas. The Rinpungpa leaders were relatives of the Phagmodrupa, yet their authority shifted over time from simple governors to rulers in their own right over large areas of Ü-Tsang. The prince of Rinbung occupied Lhasa in 1498 and excluded the Gelug from attending New Years ceremonies and prayers, the most important event in the Gelug. While the task of New Years prayers in Lhasa was granted to the Karmapa and others, Gendün Gyatso traveled in exile looking for allies. However, it was not until 1518 that the secular Phagmodru ruler captured Lhasa from the Rinbung, and thereafter the Gelug was given rights to conduct the New Years prayer. When the Drikung Kagyu abbot of Drigung Monastery threatened Lhasa in 1537, Gendün Gyatso was forced to abandon the Drepung Monastery, although he eventually returned.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: The

text: Association

text: for

text: Asian

text: Studies

text: states

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: known

text: written

text: evidence

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: later

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Gelug

text: Gendün

text: Drup

text: and

text: Gendün

text: Gyatso

text: any

text: contacts

text: with

text: Ming

text: China

text: These

text: two

text: religious

text: leaders

text: were

text: preoccupied

text: with

text: an

text: overriding

text: concern

text: for

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: powerful

text: secular

text: Rinpungpa

text: princes

text: who

text: were

text: patrons

text: and

text: protectors

text: of

text: the

text: Karma

text: Kargyu

text: lamas

text: The

text: Rinpungpa

text: leaders

text: were

text: relatives

text: of

text: the

text: Phagmodrupa

text: yet

text: their

text: authority

text: shifted

text: over

text: time

text: from

text: simple

text: governors

text: to

text: rulers

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: right

text: over

text: large

text: areas

text: of

text: Ü

text: Tsang

text: The

text: prince

text: of

text: Rinbung

text: occupied

text: Lhasa

text: in

text: and

text: excluded

text: the

text: Gelug

text: from

text: attending

text: New

text: Years

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: prayers

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: event

text: in

text: the

text: Gelug

text: While

text: the

text: task

text: of

text: New

text: Years

text: prayers

text: in

text: Lhasa

text: was

text: granted

text: to

text: the

text: Karmapa

text: and

text: others

text: Gendün

text: Gyatso

text: traveled

text: in

text: exile

text: looking

text: for

text: allies

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: that

text: the

text: secular

text: Phagmodru

text: ruler

text: captured

text: Lhasa

text: from

text: the

text: Rinbung

text: and

text: thereafter

text: the

text: Gelug

text: was

text: given

text: rights

text: to

text: conduct

text: the

text: New

text: Years

text: prayer

text: When

text: the

text: Drikung

text: Kagyu

text: abbot

text: of

text: Drigung

text: Monastery

text: threatened

text: Lhasa

text: in

text: Gendün

text: Gyatso

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: Drepung

text: Monastery

text: although

text: he

text: eventually

text: returned

question: Who were the Rinpungpa leaders related to?

answer: the Phagmodrupa

text: the Phagmodrupa

question: When did the the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa?

answer: 1498

question: What was the most important event to the Gelug?

answer: New Years ceremonies and prayers

text: New Years ceremonies and prayers

question: When was Gelug was given the right to conduct the New Years prayer?

answer: 1518


text: In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty. It was to be some months before an effective night fighter force would be ready, and anti-aircraft defences only became adequate after the Blitz was over, so ruses were created to lure German bombers away from their targets. Throughout 1940, dummy airfields were prepared, good enough to stand up to skilled observation. A number[clarification needed] of bombs fell on these diversionary ("Starfish") targets.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: In

text: general

text: German

text: bombers

text: were

text: likely

text: to

text: get

text: through

text: to

text: their

text: targets

text: without

text: too

text: much

text: difficulty

text: It

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: some

text: months

text: before

text: an

text: effective

text: night

text: fighter

text: force

text: would

text: be

text: ready

text: and

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: defences

text: only

text: became

text: adequate

text: after

text: the

text: Blitz

text: was

text: over

text: so

text: ruses

text: were

text: created

text: to

text: lure

text: German

text: bombers

text: away

text: from

text: their

text: targets

text: Throughout

text: dummy

text: airfields

text: were

text: prepared

text: good

text: enough

text: to

text: stand

text: up

text: to

text: skilled

text: observation

text: A

text: number[clarification

text: needed

text: of

text: bombs

text: fell

text: on

text: these

text: diversionary

text: Starfish

text: targets

question: Anti-aircraft defenses became better after what?

answer: Blitz was over

text: Blitz was over

question: What did they use to lure German bombers away from their targets?

answer: ruses

text: ruses

question: What kind of airfields were prepared to stand up to skilled observers?

answer: dummy

text: dummy

question: What was the name given to these dummy airfields?

answer: Starfish

text: Starfish


text: On August 9, 2015, ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations, effective immediately, a claim which was subsequently validated on the AFL website. On September 1, 2015, the Spokane Shock officially left the AFL and joined the IFL under the new name Spokane Empire, becoming the fifth active AFL/af2 franchise to leave for the IFL since bankruptcy (Iowa Barnstormers, Tri-Cities Fever, Green Bay Blizzard and Arkansas Twisters—now the Texas Revolution—left previously).

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: On

text: August

text: ESPN

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: VooDoo

text: and

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: Outlaws

text: had

text: ceased

text: operations

text: effective

text: immediately

text: a

text: claim

text: which

text: was

text: subsequently

text: validated

text: on

text: the

text: AFL

text: website

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: Spokane

text: Shock

text: officially

text: left

text: the

text: AFL

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: IFL

text: under

text: the

text: new

text: name

text: Spokane

text: Empire

text: becoming

text: the

text: fifth

text: active

text: AFL

text: franchise

text: to

text: leave

text: for

text: the

text: IFL

text: since

text: bankruptcy

text: Iowa

text: Barnstormers

text: Tri

text: Cities

text: Fever

text: Green

text: Bay

text: Blizzard

text: and

text: Arkansas

text: Twisters

text: now

text: the

text: Texas

text: Revolution

text: left

text: previously

question: On what date was it reported that the Las Vegas Outlaws were shutting down?

answer: August 9, 2015

text: August 9, 2015

question: Who first reported the closure of the New Orleans VooDoo?

answer: ESPN

text: ESPN

question: On what date did the Spokane Shock leave the AFL?

answer: September 1, 2015

text: September 1, 2015

question: What rival league did the Spokane Shock join?

answer: IFL

text: IFL

question: What was the name of the Spokane Shock after they joined the IFL?

answer: Spokane Empire

text: Spokane Empire


text: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: When

text: Emperor

text: Haile

text: Selassie

text: unilaterally

text: dissolved

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: parliament

text: and

text: annexed

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: ELF

text: waged

text: an

text: armed

text: struggle

text: for

text: independence

text: The

text: ensuing

text: Eritrean

text: War

text: for

text: Independence

text: went

text: on

text: for

text: years

text: against

text: successive

text: Ethiopian

text: governments

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: EPLF

text: a

text: successor

text: of

text: the

text: ELF

text: defeated

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: forces

text: in

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: helped

text: a

text: coalition

text: of

text: Ethiopian

text: rebel

text: forces

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Capital

text: Addis

text: Ababa

question: Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?

answer: Emperor Haile Selassie

text: Emperor Haile Selassie

question: What does the acroynm ELF stand for?

answer: Eritrean Liberation Front

text: Eritrean Liberation Front

question: Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed?

answer: ELF

text: ELF

question: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last?

answer: 30 years

text: 30 years

question: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?

answer: EPLF

text: EPLF

question: In what year did Haile Selassie step down as Emperor?

question: In what year did the ELF collapse?

question: What was the name of one of the Ethiopian rebel forces?

text: Eritrean Liberation Front

question: What was the capital of Eritrea?

text: Addis Ababa

question: In what city was ELF headquartered?

text: Addis Ababa


text: The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: The

text: word

text: mammal

text: is

text: modern

text: from

text: the

text: scientific

text: name

text: Mammalia

text: coined

text: by

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: in

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: teat

text: pap

text: All

text: female

text: mammals

text: nurse

text: their

text: young

text: with

text: milk

text: which

text: is

text: secreted

text: from

text: special

text: glands

text: the

text: mammary

text: glands

text: According

text: to

text: Mammal

text: Species

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: species

text: were

text: known

text: in

text: These

text: were

text: grouped

text: in

text: genera

text: families

text: and

text: orders

text: In

text: the

text: IUCN

text: completed

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: Global

text: Mammal

text: Assessment

text: for

text: its

text: IUCN

text: Red

text: List

text: which

text: counted

text: accepted

text: species

question: Who coined the name "mammal" from the scientific name Mammalia?

answer: Carl Linnaeus

text: Carl Linnaeus

question: What do all female mammals have in common when they have children?

answer: nurse their young with milk

text: nurse their young with milk

question: How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006?

answer: 5,416

question: How many families did mammals consist of as of 2006?

answer: 153 families

text: 153 families

question: What term  did IUCN coin in 1758?

text: "mammal"

question: In 1758 how many mammal species were known?

question: What was completed by Carl Linnaeus in 2006?

question: How was the IUCN Red List grouped?

question: How many accepted species are there according to Carl Linnaeus?


text: Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city, chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared from any significant battle, only falling in the closing days of the war, though it did not escape the economic hardships that plagued the rest of the American South during the Reconstruction Era. The twentieth century saw the opening of the Research Triangle Park in 1959, and with the jobs it created the region and city saw a large influx of population, making it one of the fastest growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: an

text: early

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: a

text: planned

text: city

text: chosen

text: as

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: in

text: and

text: incorporated

text: in

text: as

text: such

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: originally

text: laid

text: out

text: in

text: a

text: grid

text: pattern

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: State

text: Capitol

text: in

text: Union

text: Square

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: spared

text: from

text: any

text: significant

text: battle

text: only

text: falling

text: in

text: the

text: closing

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: though

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: escape

text: the

text: economic

text: hardships

text: that

text: plagued

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: South

text: during

text: the

text: Reconstruction

text: Era

text: The

text: twentieth

text: century

text: saw

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: Research

text: Triangle

text: Park

text: in

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: jobs

text: it

text: created

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: city

text: saw

text: a

text: large

text: influx

text: of

text: population

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: century

question: What kind of city is Raleigh?

answer: planned

text: planned

question: What year was it incorporated?

answer: 1792

question: What happened in the 20th century?

answer: Research Triangle Park

text: Research Triangle Park

question: What war was near the city?

answer: Civil War

text: Civil War

question: What type of community is it?

answer: fastest growing

text: fastest growing

question: What city was chosen as the capital in 1792?

text: Raleigh

question: What city was incorporated in 1788?

text: Raleigh

question: What war began in the city?

text: Civil War

question: What year did Research Triangle Park close?

question: What century did Raleigh stop growing?

text: 21st century


text: In Paris, Chopin encountered artists and other distinguished figures, and found many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity. During his years in Paris he was to become acquainted with, among many others, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny. Chopin was also acquainted with the poet Adam Mickiewicz, principal of the Polish Literary Society, some of whose verses he set as songs.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: In

text: Paris

text: Chopin

text: encountered

text: artists

text: and

text: other

text: distinguished

text: figures

text: and

text: found

text: many

text: opportunities

text: to

text: exercise

text: his

text: talents

text: and

text: achieve

text: celebrity

text: During

text: his

text: years

text: in

text: Paris

text: he

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: acquainted

text: with

text: among

text: many

text: others

text: Hector

text: Berlioz

text: Franz

text: Liszt

text: Ferdinand

text: Hiller

text: Heinrich

text: Heine

text: Eugène

text: Delacroix

text: and

text: Alfred

text: de

text: Vigny

text: Chopin

text: was

text: also

text: acquainted

text: with

text: the

text: poet

text: Adam

text: Mickiewicz

text: principal

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: Literary

text: Society

text: some

text: of

text: whose

text: verses

text: he

text: set

text: as

text: songs

question: In what city did Frédéric achieve celebrity status?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society that Frédéric became acquainted with?

answer: Adam Mickiewicz

text: Adam Mickiewicz

question: What did Frédéric create from verses of the poet Adam Mickiewicz?

answer: songs

text: songs

question: What poet did Chopin use verses from for songs?

answer: Adam Mickiewicz

text: Adam Mickiewicz

question: What people did Chopin meet while in Paris?

answer: Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny

text: Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny

question: What was the name of the poet Chopin became acquainted with in Paris?

answer: Adam Mickiewicz

text: Adam Mickiewicz

question: What position did the poet who Chopin knew in Paris hold?

answer: principal of the Polish Literary Society

text: principal of the Polish Literary Society


text: During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys. In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: During

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: Napoleon

text: annexed

text: territory

text: formerly

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: and

text: Savoys

text: In

text: he

text: established

text: the

text: Helvetic

text: Republic

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: he

text: led

text: an

text: army

text: across

text: the

text: St.

text: Bernard

text: pass

text: and

text: conquered

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Alpine

text: regions

question: What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century?

answer: the Napoleonic Wars

text: the Napoleonic Wars

question: Who annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys?

answer: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

question: When was the Helvetic Republic established?

answer: 1798

question: Where was the Helvetic Republic established?

answer: Switzerland

text: Switzerland


text: High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: High

text: cold

text: ice

text: clouds

text: such

text: as

text: Cirrus

text: or

text: Cumulonimbus

text: show

text: up

text: bright

text: white

text: lower

text: warmer

text: clouds

text: such

text: as

text: Stratus

text: or

text: Stratocumulus

text: show

text: up

text: as

text: grey

text: with

text: intermediate

text: clouds

text: shaded

text: accordingly

text: Hot

text: land

text: surfaces

text: will

text: show

text: up

text: as

text: dark

text: grey

text: or

text: black

text: One

text: disadvantage

text: of

text: infrared

text: imagery

text: is

text: that

text: low

text: cloud

text: such

text: as

text: stratus

text: or

text: fog

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: similar

text: temperature

text: to

text: the

text: surrounding

text: land

text: or

text: sea

text: surface

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: show

text: up

text: However

text: using

text: the

text: difference

text: in

text: brightness

text: of

text: the

text: channel

text: µm

text: and

text: the

text: near

text: infrared

text: channel

text: µm

text: low

text: cloud

text: can

text: be

text: distinguished

text: producing

text: a

text: fog

text: satellite

text: picture

text: The

text: main

text: advantage

text: of

text: infrared

text: is

text: that

text: images

text: can

text: be

text: produced

text: at

text: night

text: allowing

text: a

text: continuous

text: sequence

text: of

text: weather

text: to

text: be

text: studied

question: Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?

answer: Cumulonimbus

text: Cumulonimbus

question: What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?

answer: white

text: white

question: Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?

answer: Stratocumulus

text: Stratocumulus

question: What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?

answer: grey

text: grey

question: What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?

answer: 1.58–1.64

question: Besides cumulonimbus, what types of clouds are lower and warmer?

text: Cirrus

question: What ice clouds show up grey in infrared?

text: Cirrus or Cumulonimbus

question: What land surface can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land?

text: Hot land surfaces

question: What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared?

text: grey

question: What difference allows high clouds to be distinguished?


text: Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth's crust, or about 5 million years' worth at the current rate of extraction). However, only a tiny fraction of these reserves is economically viable, given present-day prices and technologies. Various estimates of existing copper reserves available for mining vary from 25 years to 60 years, depending on core assumptions such as the growth rate. Recycling is a major source of copper in the modern world. Because of these and other factors, the future of copper production and supply is the subject of much debate, including the concept of peak copper, analogous to peak oil.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: but

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: copper

text: ever

text: mined

text: and

text: smelted

text: has

text: been

text: extracted

text: since

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: was

text: extracted

text: in

text: only

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: As

text: with

text: many

text: natural

text: resources

text: the

text: total

text: amount

text: of

text: copper

text: on

text: Earth

text: is

text: vast

text: around

text: tons

text: just

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: kilometer

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crust

text: or

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: worth

text: at

text: the

text: current

text: rate

text: of

text: extraction

text: However

text: only

text: a

text: tiny

text: fraction

text: of

text: these

text: reserves

text: is

text: economically

text: viable

text: given

text: present

text: day

text: prices

text: and

text: technologies

text: Various

text: estimates

text: of

text: existing

text: copper

text: reserves

text: available

text: for

text: mining

text: vary

text: from

text: years

text: to

text: years

text: depending

text: on

text: core

text: assumptions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: growth

text: rate

text: Recycling

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: source

text: of

text: copper

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: world

text: Because

text: of

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: factors

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: copper

text: production

text: and

text: supply

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: much

text: debate

text: including

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: peak

text: copper

text: analogous

text: to

text: peak

text: oil

question: How long has copper been in use?

answer: at least 10,000 years

text: at least 10,000 years

question: What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900?

answer: 95%

question: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years?

answer: more than half

text: more than half

question: How much copper is estimated to exsist on earth?

answer: 1014 tons

text: 1014 tons

question: What is a major source of cooper in modern times?

answer: Recycling

text: Recycling

question: How long has copper been forbidden?

text: at least 10,000 years

question: What percentage of copper has been stolen since 1900?

question: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 hours?

text: more than half

question: How much copper is estimated to be missing on earth?

text: 1014 tons

question: What is a minor source of cooper in modern times?

text: Recycling


text: Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: is

text: warm

text: all

text: year

text: around

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: temperature

text: fluctuation

text: it

text: averages

text: C

text: F

text: The

text: average

text: rainfall

text: for

text: Bissau

text: is

text: millimetres

text: in

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: almost

text: entirely

text: accounted

text: for

text: during

text: the

text: rainy

text: season

text: which

text: falls

text: between

text: June

text: and

text: September

text: October

text: From

text: December

text: through

text: April

text: the

text: country

text: experiences

text: drought

question: What is the average rainfall in Bissau, in millimetres?

answer: 2,024

question: When is the rainy season in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: between June and September/October

text: between June and September/October

question: What does the country experience from December through April?

answer: drought

text: drought

question: When is Guinea-Bissau warm?

answer: all year around

text: all year around

question: What is the average temperature in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: 26.3 °C (79.3 °F)

text: 26.3 °C (79.3 °F)


text: The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. Other buildings of its kind are the "Hôtel de Hanau" (1736, now the city hall), the Hôtel de Klinglin (1736, now residence of the préfet), the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts (1755, now residence of the military governor), the Hôtel d'Andlau-Klinglin (1725, now seat of the administration of the Port autonome de Strasbourg) etc. The largest baroque building of Strasbourg though is the 150 m (490 ft) long 1720s main building of the Hôpital civil. As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: The

text: German

text: Renaissance

text: has

text: bequeathed

text: the

text: city

text: some

text: noteworthy

text: buildings

text: especially

text: the

text: current

text: Chambre

text: de

text: commerce

text: et

text: d'industrie

text: former

text: town

text: hall

text: on

text: Place

text: Gutenberg

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: French

text: Baroque

text: and

text: Classicism

text: with

text: several

text: hôtels

text: particuliers

text: i.e.

text: palaces

text: among

text: which

text: the

text: Palais

text: Rohan

text: now

text: housing

text: three

text: museums

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: spectacular

text: Other

text: buildings

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: are

text: the

text: Hôtel

text: de

text: Hanau

text: now

text: the

text: city

text: hall

text: the

text: Hôtel

text: de

text: Klinglin

text: now

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: préfet

text: the

text: Hôtel

text: des

text: Deux

text: Ponts

text: now

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: governor

text: the

text: Hôtel

text: d'Andlau

text: Klinglin

text: now

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: Port

text: autonome

text: de

text: Strasbourg

text: etc

text: The

text: largest

text: baroque

text: building

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: though

text: is

text: the

text: m

text: ft

text: long

text: main

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: Hôpital

text: civil

text: As

text: for

text: French

text: Neo

text: classicism

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: Opera

text: House

text: on

text: Place

text: Broglie

text: that

text: most

text: prestigiously

text: represents

text: this

text: style

question: How many museums does the Palais Rohan hold?

answer: three

text: three

question: What did the city hall used to be known as?

answer: Hôtel de Hanau

text: Hôtel de Hanau

question: What is the largest baroque building in Strasbourg?

answer: Hôpital civil

text: Hôpital civil

question: Where is the Opera House located?

answer: Place Broglie

text: Place Broglie

question: What did the military governors residence used to be called?

answer: Hôtel des Deux-Ponts

text: Hôtel des Deux-Ponts

question: In what year was the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie built?

question: What style of building is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie?

text: Classicism

question: How tall is the Palais Rohan?

text: 150 m

question: How tall is the  Chambre de commerce et d'industrie?

text: 490 ft

question: How long is the Opera House on Place Broglie?

text: 150 m


text: Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. Techno and rave was happening in the 90's and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like Aphex Twin. There was party stuff like Fatboy Slim. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: seventh

text: studio

text: album

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: reflected

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: her

text: image

text: She

text: collaborated

text: with

text: electronica

text: producer

text: William

text: Orbit

text: and

text: wanted

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: sound

text: that

text: could

text: blend

text: dance

text: music

text: with

text: pop

text: and

text: British

text: rock

text: American

text: music

text: critic

text: Ann

text: Powers

text: explained

text: that

text: what

text: Madonna

text: searched

text: for

text: with

text: Orbit

text: was

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: a

text: lushness

text: that

text: she

text: wanted

text: for

text: this

text: record

text: Techno

text: and

text: rave

text: was

text: happening

text: in

text: the

text: 's

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: lot

text: of

text: different

text: forms

text: There

text: was

text: very

text: experimental

text: more

text: hard

text: stuff

text: like

text: Aphex

text: Twin

text: There

text: was

text: party

text: stuff

text: like

text: Fatboy

text: Slim

text: That

text: 's

text: not

text: what

text: Madonna

text: wanted

text: for

text: this

text: She

text: wanted

text: something

text: more

text: like

text: a

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: really

text: And

text: William

text: Orbit

text: provided

text: her

text: with

text: that

question: What is the name of Madonna's seventh album?

answer: Ray of Light

text: Ray of Light

question: What year was "Ray of Light" released?

answer: 1998

question: Which electronica producer did Madonna team up with for Ray of Light?

answer: William Orbit

text: William Orbit

question: Which type of music was popular during the 90s?

answer: Techno and rave

text: Techno and rave


text: The 2015 General Election resulted in a net loss of seats throughout Great Britain, with Labour representation falling to 232 seats in the House of Commons. The Party lost 40 of its 41 seats in Scotland in the face of record breaking swings to the Scottish National Party. The scale of the decline in Labour's support was much greater than what had occurred at the 2011 elections for the Scottish parliament. Though Labour gained more than 20 seats in England and Wales, mostly from the Liberal Democrats but also from the Conservative Party, it lost more seats to Conservative challengers, including that of Ed Balls, for net losses overall.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: General

text: Election

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: net

text: loss

text: of

text: seats

text: throughout

text: Great

text: Britain

text: with

text: Labour

text: representation

text: falling

text: to

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: The

text: Party

text: lost

text: of

text: its

text: seats

text: in

text: Scotland

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: record

text: breaking

text: swings

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: National

text: Party

text: The

text: scale

text: of

text: the

text: decline

text: in

text: Labour

text: 's

text: support

text: was

text: much

text: greater

text: than

text: what

text: had

text: occurred

text: at

text: the

text: elections

text: for

text: the

text: Scottish

text: parliament

text: Though

text: Labour

text: gained

text: more

text: than

text: seats

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: mostly

text: from

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Democrats

text: but

text: also

text: from

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: it

text: lost

text: more

text: seats

text: to

text: Conservative

text: challengers

text: including

text: that

text: of

text: Ed

text: Balls

text: for

text: net

text: losses

text: overall

question: What resulted in a net gain of seats?

text: 2015 General Election

question: How many seats did the Conservatives have in the House of Commons in 2015?

question: How many seats did the Scottish National Party lose?

question: Where did the Liberal Democrats gain seats?

text: England and Wales

question: Who was one of the Liberal Democrat challengers?

text: Ed Balls


text: China Mobile had more than 2,300 base stations suspended due to power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion. Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and four nearby counties was cut off, with more than 700 towers suspended.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: China

text: Mobile

text: had

text: more

text: than

text: base

text: stations

text: suspended

text: due

text: to

text: power

text: disruption

text: or

text: severe

text: telecommunication

text: traffic

text: congestion

text: Half

text: of

text: the

text: wireless

text: communications

text: were

text: lost

text: in

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: province

text: China

text: Unicom

text: 's

text: service

text: in

text: Wenchuan

text: and

text: four

text: nearby

text: counties

text: was

text: cut

text: off

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: towers

text: suspended

question: How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended?

answer: 2,300

question: How many Unicom towers were suspended?

answer: more than 700

text: more than 700

question: How many China Mobile base stations stopped working?

answer: 2,300

question: Besides power disruption, what caused telecommunications to be suspended?

answer: traffic congestion

text: traffic congestion

question: How many wireless communications failed in Sichuan?

answer: Half

text: Half

question: Whose service in Wenchuan was cut off?

answer: China Unicom

text: China Unicom

question: How many of China Unicom's towers were cut?

answer: 700


text: By the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity within large parts of the Greater Iran. Iran was predominantly Sunni, but Ismail instigated a forced conversion to the Shia branch of Islam, by which the Shia Islam spread throughout the Safavid territories in the Caucasus, Iran, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. As a result, thereof, the modern-day Iran is the only official Shia nation of the world, with it holding an absolute majority in Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, having there the 1st and 2nd highest number of Shia inhabitants by population percentage in the world.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: By

text: the

text: Ismail

text: I

text: from

text: Ardabil

text: established

text: the

text: Safavid

text: Dynasty

text: with

text: Tabriz

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: Beginning

text: with

text: Azerbaijan

text: he

text: subsequently

text: extended

text: his

text: authority

text: over

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Iranian

text: territories

text: and

text: established

text: an

text: intermittent

text: Iranian

text: hegemony

text: over

text: the

text: vast

text: relative

text: regions

text: reasserting

text: the

text: Iranian

text: identity

text: within

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Iran

text: Iran

text: was

text: predominantly

text: Sunni

text: but

text: Ismail

text: instigated

text: a

text: forced

text: conversion

text: to

text: the

text: Shia

text: branch

text: of

text: Islam

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: Safavid

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Iran

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: Mesopotamia

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: thereof

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: official

text: Shia

text: nation

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: it

text: holding

text: an

text: absolute

text: majority

text: in

text: Iran

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: having

text: there

text: the

text: and

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: Shia

text: inhabitants

text: by

text: population

text: percentage

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: Who established the Safavid Dynasty?

answer: Ismail I from Ardabil

text: Ismail I from Ardabil

question: What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty?

answer: Tabriz

text: Tabriz

question: Ismail I forced a conversion to what Islamic branch?

answer: Shia Islam

text: Shia Islam

question: What country is currently the only official Shia nation of the world?

answer: Iran

text: Iran


text: Due to its persistent cultural presence and to its novelty within the performing arts, wrestling constitutes a recurring topic in both academia and the media. Several documentaries have been produced looking at professional wrestling, most notably, Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows featuring wrestler Bret Hart and directed by Paul Jay. There have also been many fictional depictions of wrestling; the 2008 film The Wrestler received several Oscar nominations and began a career revival for star Mickey Rourke.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: persistent

text: cultural

text: presence

text: and

text: to

text: its

text: novelty

text: within

text: the

text: performing

text: arts

text: wrestling

text: constitutes

text: a

text: recurring

text: topic

text: in

text: both

text: academia

text: and

text: the

text: media

text: Several

text: documentaries

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: looking

text: at

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: most

text: notably

text: Beyond

text: the

text: Mat

text: directed

text: by

text: Barry

text: W.

text: Blaustein

text: and

text: Wrestling

text: with

text: Shadows

text: featuring

text: wrestler

text: Bret

text: Hart

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Paul

text: Jay

text: There

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: many

text: fictional

text: depictions

text: of

text: wrestling

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: Wrestler

text: received

text: several

text: Oscar

text: nominations

text: and

text: began

text: a

text: career

text: revival

text: for

text: star

text: Mickey

text: Rourke

question: What is one popular wrestling film?

answer: 2008 film The Wrestler

text: 2008 film The Wrestler

question: What award was The Wrestler nominated for?

answer: several Oscar nominations

text: several Oscar nominations

question: What are the names of a couple wrestling documentaries?

answer: Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows

text: Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shadows

question: Where does wrestling keep coming up as a subject?

answer: in both academia and the media

text: in both academia and the media


text: The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918. The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The war caused the disintegration of four empires—the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian ones—as well as radical change in the European and West Asian maps. The Allied powers before 1917 are referred to as the Triple Entente, and the Central Powers are referred to as the Triple Alliance.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: began

text: in

text: and

text: lasted

text: to

text: the

text: final

text: Armistice

text: in

text: The

text: Allied

text: Powers

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: France

text: Russia

text: until

text: March

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: defeated

text: the

text: Central

text: Powers

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: war

text: caused

text: the

text: disintegration

text: of

text: four

text: empires

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: German

text: Ottoman

text: and

text: Russian

text: ones

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: radical

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: and

text: West

text: Asian

text: maps

text: The

text: Allied

text: powers

text: before

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Triple

text: Entente

text: and

text: the

text: Central

text: Powers

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Triple

text: Alliance

question: When did the first World War begin?

answer: 1914

question: Who led the Allied powers?

answer: British Empire, France, Russia

text: British Empire, France, Russia

question: Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire??

answer: Japan and the United States

text: Japan and the United States

question: What were the Allied powers referred to before 1917?

answer: Triple Entente

text: Triple Entente

question: How many Empires did the war cause destruction to?

answer: four empires

text: four empires