text: In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was successfully tested on August 21, 1957 and became the world's first fully operational ICBM the following month. It would later be used to launch the first satellite into space, and derivatives would launch all piloted Soviet spacecraft.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: In

text: Korolev

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: go

text: ahead

text: to

text: develop

text: the

text: Semyorka

text: rocket

text: which

text: represented

text: a

text: major

text: advance

text: from

text: the

text: German

text: design

text: Although

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: components

text: notably

text: boosters

text: still

text: resembled

text: the

text: German

text: the

text: new

text: rocket

text: incorporated

text: staged

text: design

text: a

text: completely

text: new

text: control

text: system

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: fuel

text: It

text: was

text: successfully

text: tested

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: fully

text: operational

text: ICBM

text: the

text: following

text: month

text: It

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: launch

text: the

text: first

text: satellite

text: into

text: space

text: and

text: derivatives

text: would

text: launch

text: all

text: piloted

text: Soviet

text: spacecraft

question: Who began developing the  R-7 Semyorka rocket?

answer: Korolev

text: Korolev

question: R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?

answer: German G-4

text: German G-4

question: When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully?

answer: August 21, 1957

text: August 21, 1957

question: The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?

answer: R-7 Semyorka rocket

text: R-7 Semyorka rocket


text: Historians trace the earliest church labeled "Baptist" back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Historians

text: trace

text: the

text: earliest

text: church

text: labeled

text: Baptist

text: back

text: to

text: in

text: Amsterdam

text: with

text: English

text: Separatist

text: John

text: Smyth

text: as

text: its

text: pastor

text: In

text: accordance

text: with

text: his

text: reading

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: he

text: rejected

text: baptism

text: of

text: infants

text: and

text: instituted

text: baptism

text: only

text: of

text: believing

text: adults

text: Baptist

text: practice

text: spread

text: to

text: England

text: where

text: the

text: General

text: Baptists

text: considered

text: Christ

text: 's

text: atonement

text: to

text: extend

text: to

text: all

text: people

text: while

text: the

text: Particular

text: Baptists

text: believed

text: that

text: it

text: extended

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: elect

text: In

text: Roger

text: Williams

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: Baptist

text: congregation

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: colonies

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: First

text: Great

text: Awakening

text: increased

text: Baptist

text: growth

text: in

text: both

text: New

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: The

text: Second

text: Great

text: Awakening

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: increased

text: church

text: membership

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: preachers

text: lessening

text: of

text: support

text: for

text: abolition

text: and

text: manumission

text: of

text: slavery

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: teachings

text: Baptist

text: missionaries

text: have

text: spread

text: their

text: church

text: to

text: every

text: continent

question: When was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to?

answer: 1609

question: Where was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to?

answer: Amsterdam

text: Amsterdam

question: Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled "Baptist"?

answer: John Smyth

text: John Smyth

question: Who believed Christ's atonement only extended to the elect?

answer: Particular Baptists

text: Particular Baptists

question: When did Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies?

answer: 1638

question: When was the earliest church labeled "Christian" traced to?

question: Where was the earliest church labeled "Christian" traced to?

text: Amsterdam

question: Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled "Christian"?

text: John Smyth

question: Who believed Christ's atonement extended to all of life?

text: Particular Baptists

question: When did Roger Williams establish the first Baptist congregation in South America?


text: Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television, when he announced at the eleventh hour that while he was there: "Why not compete?" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: came

text: out

text: of

text: retirement

text: however

text: to

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: training

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: Conan

text: and

text: he

text: got

text: into

text: such

text: good

text: shape

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: running

text: horseback

text: riding

text: and

text: sword

text: training

text: that

text: he

text: decided

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: contest

text: one

text: last

text: time

text: He

text: kept

text: this

text: plan

text: a

text: secret

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: that

text: a

text: training

text: accident

text: would

text: prevent

text: his

text: entry

text: and

text: cause

text: him

text: to

text: lose

text: face

text: Schwarzenegger

text: had

text: been

text: hired

text: to

text: provide

text: color

text: commentary

text: for

text: network

text: television

text: when

text: he

text: announced

text: at

text: the

text: eleventh

text: hour

text: that

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: there

text: Why

text: not

text: compete

text: Schwarzenegger

text: ended

text: up

text: winning

text: the

text: event

text: with

text: only

text: seven

text: weeks

text: of

text: preparation

text: After

text: being

text: declared

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: for

text: a

text: seventh

text: time

text: Schwarzenegger

text: then

text: officially

text: retired

text: from

text: competition

question: For what Hollywood role was Schwarzenegger training in 1980?

answer: Conan

text: Conan

question: How many weeks did Schwarzenegger spend getting ready for the 1980 Mr. Olympia contest?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How many times did Schwarzenegger win Mr. Olympia before retiring for good?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: The earliest examples of life-sized statues of Apollo, may be two figures from the Ionic sanctuary on the island of Delos. Such statues were found across the Greek speaking world, the preponderance of these were found at the sanctuaries of Apollo with more than one hundred from the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoios, Boeotia alone. The last stage in the development of the Kouros type is the late archaic period (520–485 BC), in which the Greek sculpture attained a full knowledge of human anatomy and used to create a relative harmonious whole. Ranking from the very few bronzes survived to us is the masterpiece bronze Piraeus Apollo. It was found in Piraeus, the harbour of Athens. The statue originally held the bow in its left hand, and a cup of pouring libation in its right hand. It probably comes from north-eastern Peloponnesus. The emphasis is given in anatomy, and it is one of the first attempts to represent a kind of motion, and beauty relative to proportions, which appear mostly in post-Archaic art. The statue throws some light on an artistic centre which, with an independently developed harder, simpler, and heavier style, restricts Ionian influence in Athens. Finally, this is the germ from which the art of Polykleitos was to grow two or three generations later.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: The

text: earliest

text: examples

text: of

text: life

text: sized

text: statues

text: of

text: Apollo

text: may

text: be

text: two

text: figures

text: from

text: the

text: Ionic

text: sanctuary

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Delos

text: Such

text: statues

text: were

text: found

text: across

text: the

text: Greek

text: speaking

text: world

text: the

text: preponderance

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: found

text: at

text: the

text: sanctuaries

text: of

text: Apollo

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: hundred

text: from

text: the

text: sanctuary

text: of

text: Apollo

text: Ptoios

text: Boeotia

text: alone

text: The

text: last

text: stage

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Kouros

text: type

text: is

text: the

text: late

text: archaic

text: period

text: BC

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Greek

text: sculpture

text: attained

text: a

text: full

text: knowledge

text: of

text: human

text: anatomy

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: relative

text: harmonious

text: whole

text: Ranking

text: from

text: the

text: very

text: few

text: bronzes

text: survived

text: to

text: us

text: is

text: the

text: masterpiece

text: bronze

text: Piraeus

text: Apollo

text: It

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: Piraeus

text: the

text: harbour

text: of

text: Athens

text: The

text: statue

text: originally

text: held

text: the

text: bow

text: in

text: its

text: left

text: hand

text: and

text: a

text: cup

text: of

text: pouring

text: libation

text: in

text: its

text: right

text: hand

text: It

text: probably

text: comes

text: from

text: north

text: eastern

text: Peloponnesus

text: The

text: emphasis

text: is

text: given

text: in

text: anatomy

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: attempts

text: to

text: represent

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: motion

text: and

text: beauty

text: relative

text: to

text: proportions

text: which

text: appear

text: mostly

text: in

text: post

text: Archaic

text: art

text: The

text: statue

text: throws

text: some

text: light

text: on

text: an

text: artistic

text: centre

text: which

text: with

text: an

text: independently

text: developed

text: harder

text: simpler

text: and

text: heavier

text: style

text: restricts

text: Ionian

text: influence

text: in

text: Athens

text: Finally

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: germ

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: Polykleitos

text: was

text: to

text: grow

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: generations

text: later

question: What period ran from 520-485 BC?

answer: late archaic period

text: late archaic period

question: What was the harbour of Athens?

answer: Piraeus

text: Piraeus

question: What did Piraeus Apollo hold in his left hand?

answer: the bow

text: the bow

question: What did Piraeus Apollo hold in his right hand?

answer: a cup of pouring libation

text: a cup of pouring libation


text: In June 1943 a visiting politician had suggested to Eisenhower that he might become President of the United States after the war. Believing that a general should not participate in politics, one author later wrote that "figuratively speaking, [Eisenhower] kicked his political-minded visitor out of his office". As others asked him about his political future, Eisenhower told one that he could not imagine wanting to be considered for any political job "from dogcatcher to Grand High Supreme King of the Universe", and another that he could not serve as Army Chief of Staff if others believed he had political ambitions. In 1945 Truman told Eisenhower during the Potsdam Conference that if desired, the president would help the general win the 1948 election, and in 1947 he offered to run as Eisenhower's running mate on the Democratic ticket if MacArthur won the Republican nomination.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: June

text: a

text: visiting

text: politician

text: had

text: suggested

text: to

text: Eisenhower

text: that

text: he

text: might

text: become

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: Believing

text: that

text: a

text: general

text: should

text: not

text: participate

text: in

text: politics

text: one

text: author

text: later

text: wrote

text: that

text: figuratively

text: speaking

text: Eisenhower

text: kicked

text: his

text: political

text: minded

text: visitor

text: out

text: of

text: his

text: office

text: As

text: others

text: asked

text: him

text: about

text: his

text: political

text: future

text: Eisenhower

text: told

text: one

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: not

text: imagine

text: wanting

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: for

text: any

text: political

text: job

text: from

text: dogcatcher

text: to

text: Grand

text: High

text: Supreme

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Universe

text: and

text: another

text: that

text: he

text: could

text: not

text: serve

text: as

text: Army

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: if

text: others

text: believed

text: he

text: had

text: political

text: ambitions

text: In

text: Truman

text: told

text: Eisenhower

text: during

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Conference

text: that

text: if

text: desired

text: the

text: president

text: would

text: help

text: the

text: general

text: win

text: the

text: election

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: offered

text: to

text: run

text: as

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: running

text: mate

text: on

text: the

text: Democratic

text: ticket

text: if

text: MacArthur

text: won

text: the

text: Republican

text: nomination

question: When was it suggested to Eisenhower that he might one day become president?

answer: June 1943

text: June 1943

question: Along with dogcatcher, what political job did Eisenhower specifically not want to be considered for?

answer: Grand High Supreme King of the Universe

text: Grand High Supreme King of the Universe

question: What role did Eisenhower believe he could not fulfill if he was believed to want to become involved in politics?

answer: Army Chief of Staff

text: Army Chief of Staff

question: What general was considered a potential Republican presidential candidate in 1948?

answer: MacArthur

text: MacArthur

question: At what meeting did Truman tell Eisenhower that he would assist him in running for president?

answer: Potsdam Conference

text: Potsdam Conference


text: Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: Captain

text: John

text: Charles

text: Marshall

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Gilbert

text: visited

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: The

text: islands

text: were

text: named

text: for

text: Marshall

text: on

text: Western

text: charts

text: although

text: the

text: natives

text: have

text: historically

text: named

text: their

text: home

text: jolet

text: jen

text: Anij

text: Gifts

text: from

text: God

text: Around

text: Russian

text: explorer

text: Adam

text: Johann

text: von

text: Krusenstern

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: explorer

text: Louis

text: Isidore

text: Duperrey

text: named

text: the

text: islands

text: after

text: John

text: Marshall

text: and

text: drew

text: maps

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: The

text: designation

text: was

text: repeated

text: later

text: on

text: British

text: maps.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: crew

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: whaler

text: Globe

text: mutinied

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: crew

text: put

text: ashore

text: on

text: Mulgrave

text: Island

text: One

text: year

text: later

text: the

text: American

text: schooner

text: Dolphin

text: arrived

text: and

text: picked

text: up

text: two

text: boys

text: the

text: last

text: survivors

text: of

text: a

text: massacre

text: by

text: the

text: natives

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: brutal

text: treatment

text: of

text: the

question: Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in 1788?

answer: Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert

text: Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert

question: What do natives of the Marshall Islands call their country?

answer: jolet jen Anij

text: jolet jen Anij

question: Which Russian was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?

answer: Adam Johann von Krusenstern

text: Adam Johann von Krusenstern

question: Which French citizen was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?

answer: Louis Isidore Duperrey

text: Louis Isidore Duperrey

question: At what island did the Globe arrive in 1824?

answer: Mulgrave

text: Mulgrave

question: Who notably accompanied John Charles Marshall to the Marshall Islands?

answer: Thomas Gilbert

text: Thomas Gilbert

question: In what year did Marshall and Gilbert go to the islands?

answer: 1788

question: What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands?

answer: jolet jen Anij

text: jolet jen Anij

question: What is the English translation of the traditional name of the Marshall Islands?

answer: Gifts from God

text: Gifts from God

question: On what island did mutinous American whalers land in 1824?

answer: Mulgrave Island

text: Mulgrave Island


text: The top 10 contestants started with five males and five females, however, the males were eliminated consecutively in the first five weeks, with Lazaro Arbos the last male to be eliminated. For the first time in the show's history, the top 5 contestants were all female. It was also the first time that the judges' "save" was not used, the top four contestants were therefore given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: top

text: contestants

text: started

text: with

text: five

text: males

text: and

text: five

text: females

text: however

text: the

text: males

text: were

text: eliminated

text: consecutively

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: weeks

text: with

text: Lazaro

text: Arbos

text: the

text: last

text: male

text: to

text: be

text: eliminated

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: history

text: the

text: top

text: contestants

text: were

text: all

text: female

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: judges

text: save

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: the

text: top

text: four

text: contestants

text: were

text: therefore

text: given

text: an

text: extra

text: week

text: to

text: perform

text: again

text: with

text: their

text: votes

text: carried

text: over

text: with

text: no

text: elimination

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: week

question: How many girls were in the top 10 on season 12 of American Idol?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who was the last guy to be sent home on season 12 of American Idol?

answer: Lazaro Arbos

text: Lazaro Arbos

question: How many contestants did this season have?

answer: 10

question: How many weeks in a row were male contestants eliminated?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who as the last man to be eliminated?

answer: Lazaro Arbos

text: Lazaro Arbos

question: How many contestants were able to perform for two weeks without any eliminations?

answer: four

text: four


text: Detroit is served by various private schools, as well as parochial Roman Catholic schools operated by the Archdiocese of Detroit. As of 2013[update] there are four Catholic grade schools and three Catholic high schools in the City of Detroit, with all of them in the city's west side. The Archdiocese of Detroit lists a number of primary and secondary schools in the metro area as Catholic education has emigrated to the suburbs. Of the three Catholic high schools in the city, two are operated by the Society of Jesus and the third is co-sponsored by the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Congregation of St. Basil.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Detroit

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: various

text: private

text: schools

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: parochial

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: schools

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Archdiocese

text: of

text: Detroit

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: are

text: four

text: Catholic

text: grade

text: schools

text: and

text: three

text: Catholic

text: high

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Detroit

text: with

text: all

text: of

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: west

text: side

text: The

text: Archdiocese

text: of

text: Detroit

text: lists

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: metro

text: area

text: as

text: Catholic

text: education

text: has

text: emigrated

text: to

text: the

text: suburbs

text: Of

text: the

text: three

text: Catholic

text: high

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: two

text: are

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Society

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: is

text: co

text: sponsored

text: by

text: the

text: Sisters

text: Servants

text: of

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Heart

text: of

text: Mary

text: and

text: the

text: Congregation

text: of

text: St.

text: Basil

question: How many Catholic high schools are in Detroit?

answer: three

text: three

question: How many Catholic grade schools are in Detroit?

answer: four

text: four

question: On which side of the city of the city are all of the Catholic schools located?

answer: west

text: west

question: Two of the three Catholic high schools are operated by which religious group?

answer: Society of Jesus

text: Society of Jesus


text: The clan groupings of the Somali people are important social units, and clan membership plays a central part in Somali culture and politics. Clans are patrilineal and are often divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions. The tombs of the founders of the Darod, Dir and Isaaq major clans as well as the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye are all located in northern Somalia. Tradition holds this general area as an ancestral homeland of the Somali people.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: The

text: clan

text: groupings

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: people

text: are

text: important

text: social

text: units

text: and

text: clan

text: membership

text: plays

text: a

text: central

text: part

text: in

text: Somali

text: culture

text: and

text: politics

text: Clans

text: are

text: patrilineal

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: divided

text: into

text: sub

text: clans

text: sometimes

text: with

text: many

text: sub

text: divisions

text: The

text: tombs

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: Darod

text: Dir

text: and

text: Isaaq

text: major

text: clans

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Abgaal

text: sub

text: clan

text: of

text: the

text: Hawiye

text: are

text: all

text: located

text: in

text: northern

text: Somalia

text: Tradition

text: holds

text: this

text: general

text: area

text: as

text: an

text: ancestral

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: people

question: What is a basic social unit of Somali society?

answer: clan

text: clan

question: In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located?

answer: northern

text: northern

question: Of what clan is the Abgaal a sub-clan?

answer: Hawiye

text: Hawiye


text: The capital village of each district administers and coordinates the affairs of the district and confers each district's paramount title, amongst other responsibilities. For example, the District of A'ana has its capital at Leulumoega. The paramount title of A'ana is the TuiA'ana. The orator group which confers this title – the Faleiva (House of Nine) – is based at Leulumoega. This is also the same for the other districts. In the district of Tuamasaga, the paramount title of the district – the Malietoa title – is conferred by the FaleTuamasaga based in Afega.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: The

text: capital

text: village

text: of

text: each

text: district

text: administers

text: and

text: coordinates

text: the

text: affairs

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: and

text: confers

text: each

text: district

text: 's

text: paramount

text: title

text: amongst

text: other

text: responsibilities

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: A'ana

text: has

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: Leulumoega

text: The

text: paramount

text: title

text: of

text: A'ana

text: is

text: the

text: TuiA'ana

text: The

text: orator

text: group

text: which

text: confers

text: this

text: title

text: the

text: Faleiva

text: House

text: of

text: Nine

text: is

text: based

text: at

text: Leulumoega

text: This

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: same

text: for

text: the

text: other

text: districts

text: In

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Tuamasaga

text: the

text: paramount

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: the

text: Malietoa

text: title

text: is

text: conferred

text: by

text: the

text: FaleTuamasaga

text: based

text: in

text: Afega

question: What district is Leulumoega the capital of?

answer: A'ana

text: A'ana

question: What is the Samoan word for the "House of Nine" in Leulumoega?

answer: Faleiva

text: Faleiva

question: What is A'ana's paramount title?

answer: the TuiA'ana

text: the TuiA'ana

question: What's the paramount title of the Tuamasaga district?

answer: Malietoa

text: Malietoa

question: In what town does the FaleTuamasaga conduct business?

answer: Afega

text: Afega

question: What are the responsibilities of the Afega in each district?

question: What is the word for Afega according to the orator group?

text: Faleiva

question: What is the paramount title of the capital village?

text: TuiA'ana

question: What is the paramount title of the Afega district?

text: Malietoa

question: In what town does the TuiA'ana conduct business?

text: Afega


text: Codd's paper was picked up by two people at Berkeley, Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker. They started a project known as INGRES using funding that had already been allocated for a geographical database project and student programmers to produce code. Beginning in 1973, INGRES delivered its first test products which were generally ready for widespread use in 1979. INGRES was similar to System R in a number of ways, including the use of a "language" for data access, known as QUEL. Over time, INGRES moved to the emerging SQL standard.

title: Database

title: Database

text: Codd

text: 's

text: paper

text: was

text: picked

text: up

text: by

text: two

text: people

text: at

text: Berkeley

text: Eugene

text: Wong

text: and

text: Michael

text: Stonebraker

text: They

text: started

text: a

text: project

text: known

text: as

text: INGRES

text: using

text: funding

text: that

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: allocated

text: for

text: a

text: geographical

text: database

text: project

text: and

text: student

text: programmers

text: to

text: produce

text: code

text: Beginning

text: in

text: INGRES

text: delivered

text: its

text: first

text: test

text: products

text: which

text: were

text: generally

text: ready

text: for

text: widespread

text: use

text: in

text: INGRES

text: was

text: similar

text: to

text: System

text: R

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: ways

text: including

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: language

text: for

text: data

text: access

text: known

text: as

text: QUEL

text: Over

text: time

text: INGRES

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: emerging

text: SQL

text: standard

question: Who used Codd's paper at Berkeley to improve a geographical database?

answer: Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker

text: Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker

question: What was the name of the project to create a geographical database?

answer: INGRES

text: INGRES

question: When was INGRES first tested?

answer: 1973

question: What computer language was used in INGRES to access data?

answer: QUEL

text: QUEL

question: Is QUEL still used to access data in INGRES?

answer: INGRES moved to the emerging SQL standard

text: INGRES moved to the emerging SQL standard

question: Who used Codd's paper at Yale to improve a geographical database?

text: Eugene Wong and Michael Stonebraker

question: What was the name of the project to steal a geographical database?

text: INGRES

question: When was INGRES first avoided?

question: What computer language was used in INGRES to fabricate data?

text: QUEL

question: What year did INGRES stop widespread use?


text: In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: a

text: new

text: concept

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: those

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: compass

text: of

text: both

text: structure

text: and

text: function

text: the

text: consideration

text: of

text: sustainability

text: hence

text: sustainable

text: architecture

text: To

text: satisfy

text: the

text: contemporary

text: ethos

text: a

text: building

text: should

text: be

text: constructed

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: which

text: is

text: environmentally

text: friendly

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: its

text: materials

text: its

text: impact

text: upon

text: the

text: natural

text: and

text: built

text: environment

text: of

text: its

text: surrounding

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: demands

text: that

text: it

text: makes

text: upon

text: non

text: sustainable

text: power

text: sources

text: for

text: heating

text: cooling

text: water

text: and

text: waste

text: management

text: and

text: lighting

question: When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?

answer: late 20th century

text: late 20th century

question: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?

answer: sustainability

text: sustainability

question: To what should a building be friendly?

answer: environment

text: environment

question: What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?

answer: non-sustainable power sources

text: non-sustainable power sources

question: When was the conecept, unsustainable architecture used?

text: late 20th century

question: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 19th century?

text: sustainability

question: To what should a building be not friendly?

text: environment

question: What sort of power sources should a building always overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?

text: non-sustainable power sources


text: The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire between 1415 and 1999. Portuguese is now spoken as a native language in five different continents, with Brazil accounting for the largest number of native Portuguese speakers of any country (200 million speakers in 2012).

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: language

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: romanized

text: Pre

text: Roman

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: particularly

text: the

text: Celts

text: Tartessians

text: Lusitanians

text: and

text: Iberians

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: the

text: language

text: spread

text: worldwide

text: as

text: Portugal

text: established

text: a

text: colonial

text: and

text: commercial

text: empire

text: between

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: is

text: now

text: spoken

text: as

text: a

text: native

text: language

text: in

text: five

text: different

text: continents

text: with

text: Brazil

text: accounting

text: for

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: native

text: Portuguese

text: speakers

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: million

text: speakers

text: in

question: From what language is Portuguese derived?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: By what group of people is Portuguese derived?

answer: Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

text: Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

question: Between what years did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire?

answer: 1415 and 1999

text: 1415 and 1999

question: In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language?

answer: five

text: five

question: What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers?

answer: Brazil

text: Brazil


text: Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968–1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Aurora

text: Colorado

text: and

text: attended

text: boarding

text: school

text: in

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: He

text: graduated

text: from

text: Yale

text: University

text: class

text: of

text: with

text: a

text: political

text: science

text: major

text: Kerry

text: enlisted

text: in

text: the

text: Naval

text: Reserve

text: in

text: and

text: during

text: served

text: an

text: abbreviated

text: four

text: month

text: tour

text: of

text: duty

text: in

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: as

text: officer

text: in

text: charge

text: OIC

text: of

text: a

text: Swift

text: Boat

text: For

text: that

text: service

text: he

text: was

text: awarded

text: combat

text: medals

text: that

text: include

text: the

text: Silver

text: Star

text: Medal

text: Bronze

text: Star

text: Medal

text: and

text: three

text: Purple

text: Heart

text: Medals

text: Securing

text: an

text: early

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Kerry

text: joined

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: Veterans

text: Against

text: the

text: War

text: organization

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: nationally

text: recognized

text: spokesman

text: and

text: as

text: an

text: outspoken

text: opponent

text: of

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: He

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: Fulbright

text: Hearings

text: before

text: the

text: Senate

text: Committee

text: on

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: where

text: he

text: deemed

text: United

text: States

text: war

text: policy

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: war

text: crimes

question: What was Kerry's major?

answer: political science

text: political science

question: Where did Kerry go to college?

answer: Yale University

text: Yale University

question: What branch of the military did Kerry join?

answer: Naval Reserve

text: Naval Reserve

question: What medals did Kerry win?

answer: the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals

text: the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals

question: What group was Kerry a spokesman for?

answer: Vietnam Veterans Against the War

text: Vietnam Veterans Against the War


text: Inside each of these parts are thousands to trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch. Each circuit represents a bit (binary digit) of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a "1", and when off it represents a "0" (in positive logic representation). The circuits are arranged in logic gates so that one or more of the circuits may control the state of one or more of the other circuits.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Inside

text: each

text: of

text: these

text: parts

text: are

text: thousands

text: to

text: trillions

text: of

text: small

text: electrical

text: circuits

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: turned

text: off

text: or

text: on

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: an

text: electronic

text: switch

text: Each

text: circuit

text: represents

text: a

text: bit

text: binary

text: digit

text: of

text: information

text: so

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: circuit

text: is

text: on

text: it

text: represents

text: a

text: and

text: when

text: off

text: it

text: represents

text: a

text: in

text: positive

text: logic

text: representation

text: The

text: circuits

text: are

text: arranged

text: in

text: logic

text: gates

text: so

text: that

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: circuits

text: may

text: control

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: circuits

question: A circuit in a computer part represents what?

answer: a bit (binary digit) of information

text: a bit (binary digit) of information

question: In positive logic representation a "1" represents when a circuit is what?

answer: on

text: on

question: In positive logic representation a "0" represents when a circuit is what?

answer: off

text: off


text: Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of British Columbia. Precipitation is frequent and often heavy, falling year round. On average, summer is the driest season, with only occasional thunderstorm activity, and the wettest months are from October to January, with December the wettest single month, with nearly 165 millimetres of precipitation on average. This winter precipitation maximum is quite unusual for humid continental climates, which most commonly have a late spring or early summer precipitation maximum (for example, most of the Midwestern U.S.). Most heavy precipitation events in St. John's are the product of intense mid-latitude storms migrating from the Northeastern U.S. and New England states, and these are most common and intense from October to March, bringing heavy precipitation (commonly 4 to 8 centimetres of rainfall equivalent in a single storm), and strong winds. In winter, two or more types of precipitation (rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow) can fall from passage of a single storm. Snowfall is heavy, averaging nearly 335 centimetres per winter season. However, winter storms can bring changing precipitation types. Heavy snow can transition to heavy rain, melting the snow cover, and possibly back to snow or ice (perhaps briefly) all in the same storm, resulting in little or no net snow accumulation. Snow cover in St. John's is variable, and especially early in the winter season, may be slow to develop, but can extend deeply into the spring months (March, April). The St. John's area is subject to freezing rain (called "silver thaws"), the worst of which paralyzed the city over a three-day period in April 1984.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: Of

text: major

text: Canadian

text: cities

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: the

text: foggiest

text: days

text: windiest

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: average

text: speed

text: and

text: cloudiest

text: hours

text: of

text: sunshine

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: experiences

text: milder

text: temperatures

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: season

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: other

text: Canadian

text: cities

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: mildest

text: winter

text: for

text: any

text: Canadian

text: city

text: outside

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Precipitation

text: is

text: frequent

text: and

text: often

text: heavy

text: falling

text: year

text: round

text: On

text: average

text: summer

text: is

text: the

text: driest

text: season

text: with

text: only

text: occasional

text: thunderstorm

text: activity

text: and

text: the

text: wettest

text: months

text: are

text: from

text: October

text: to

text: January

text: with

text: December

text: the

text: wettest

text: single

text: month

text: with

text: nearly

text: millimetres

text: of

text: precipitation

text: on

text: average

text: This

text: winter

text: precipitation

text: maximum

text: is

text: quite

text: unusual

text: for

text: humid

text: continental

text: climates

text: which

text: most

text: commonly

text: have

text: a

text: late

text: spring

text: or

text: early

text: summer

text: precipitation

text: maximum

text: for

text: example

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: U.S.

text: Most

text: heavy

text: precipitation

text: events

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: are

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: intense

text: mid

text: latitude

text: storms

text: migrating

text: from

text: the

text: Northeastern

text: U.S.

text: and

text: New

text: England

text: states

text: and

text: these

text: are

text: most

text: common

text: and

text: intense

text: from

text: October

text: to

text: March

text: bringing

text: heavy

text: precipitation

text: commonly

text: to

text: centimetres

text: of

text: rainfall

text: equivalent

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: storm

text: and

text: strong

text: winds

text: In

text: winter

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: types

text: of

text: precipitation

text: rain

text: freezing

text: rain

text: sleet

text: and

text: snow

text: can

text: fall

text: from

text: passage

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: storm

text: Snowfall

text: is

text: heavy

text: averaging

text: nearly

text: centimetres

text: per

text: winter

text: season

text: However

text: winter

text: storms

text: can

text: bring

text: changing

text: precipitation

text: types

text: Heavy

text: snow

text: can

text: transition

text: to

text: heavy

text: rain

text: melting

text: the

text: snow

text: cover

text: and

text: possibly

text: back

text: to

text: snow

text: or

text: ice

text: perhaps

text: briefly

text: all

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: storm

text: resulting

text: in

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: net

text: snow

text: accumulation

text: Snow

text: cover

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: variable

text: and

text: especially

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: season

text: may

text: be

text: slow

text: to

text: develop

text: but

text: can

text: extend

text: deeply

text: into

text: the

text: spring

text: months

text: March

text: April

text: The

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: freezing

text: rain

text: called

text: silver

text: thaws

text: the

text: worst

text: of

text: which

text: paralyzed

text: the

text: city

text: over

text: a

text: three

text: day

text: period

text: in

text: April

question: What is the foggiest Canadian city?

answer: St. John's

text: St. John's

question: What is the average wind speed in miles per hour for St. John's?

answer: 15.1 mph

text: 15.1 mph

question: What Canadian city has the mildest winter temperature?

answer: British Columbia

text: British Columbia

question: What is the driest season on average in St. John's?

answer: summer

text: summer

question: What is another word for freezing rain?

answer: silver thaws

text: silver thaws

question: What city is the cloudiest, foggiest, and windiest in North America?

text: St. John's

question: What city has the mildest winter in Canada?

text: St. John's

question: How much rain does St. John's get in December?

text: 165 millimetres

question: What paralyzed the province in April 1984?

text: freezing rain


text: The Standard Model groups matter particles into three generations, where each generation consists of two quarks and two leptons. The first generation is the up and down quarks, the electron and the electron neutrino; the second includes the charm and strange quarks, the muon and the muon neutrino; the third generation consists of the top and bottom quarks and the tau and tau neutrino. The most natural explanation for this would be that quarks and leptons of higher generations are excited states of the first generations. If this turns out to be the case, it would imply that quarks and leptons are composite particles, rather than elementary particles.

title: Matter

title: Matter

text: The

text: Standard

text: Model

text: groups

text: matter

text: particles

text: into

text: three

text: generations

text: where

text: each

text: generation

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: quarks

text: and

text: two

text: leptons

text: The

text: first

text: generation

text: is

text: the

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: quarks

text: the

text: electron

text: and

text: the

text: electron

text: neutrino

text: the

text: second

text: includes

text: the

text: charm

text: and

text: strange

text: quarks

text: the

text: muon

text: and

text: the

text: muon

text: neutrino

text: the

text: third

text: generation

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: and

text: bottom

text: quarks

text: and

text: the

text: tau

text: and

text: tau

text: neutrino

text: The

text: most

text: natural

text: explanation

text: for

text: this

text: would

text: be

text: that

text: quarks

text: and

text: leptons

text: of

text: higher

text: generations

text: are

text: excited

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: generations

text: If

text: this

text: turns

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: case

text: it

text: would

text: imply

text: that

text: quarks

text: and

text: leptons

text: are

text: composite

text: particles

text: rather

text: than

text: elementary

text: particles

question: What model has two generations?

text: The Standard Model

question: Which generation has the up and down muon and muon neutrino?

text: The first

question: What type of particles are tau and tau neutrino?

text: composite

question: What generation has charm and strange muon?

text: second

question: How many electrons are there in the generations?

text: two


text: Arnold Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics which were held in Shanghai, China. Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them. In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide. He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars, and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002. ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Arnold

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: been

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: Special

text: Olympics

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: after

text: they

text: were

text: founded

text: by

text: his

text: ex

text: mother

text: in

text: law

text: Eunice

text: Kennedy

text: Shriver

text: In

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: the

text: official

text: spokesperson

text: for

text: the

text: Special

text: Olympics

text: which

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Shanghai

text: China

text: Schwarzenegger

text: believes

text: that

text: quality

text: school

text: opportunities

text: should

text: be

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: children

text: who

text: might

text: not

text: normally

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: access

text: them

text: In

text: he

text: founded

text: the

text: Inner

text: City

text: Games

text: Foundation

text: ICG

text: which

text: provides

text: cultural

text: educational

text: and

text: community

text: enrichment

text: programming

text: to

text: youth

text: ICG

text: is

text: active

text: in

text: cities

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: serves

text: over

text: children

text: in

text: over

text: schools

text: countrywide

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: involved

text: with

text: After

text: School

text: All

text: Stars

text: and

text: founded

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: branch

text: in

text: ASAS

text: is

text: an

text: after

text: school

text: program

text: provider

text: educating

text: youth

text: about

text: health

text: fitness

text: and

text: nutrition

question: What nonprofit did Schwarzenegger found in 1995?

answer: the Inner City Games Foundation

text: the Inner City Games Foundation

question: Schwarzenegger was the spokesperson for the Special Olympic games held in what city in China?

answer: Shanghai

text: Shanghai

question: About how many schools across the country is ICG active in?

answer: 400


text: By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: By

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: Jews

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: had

text: assimilated

text: into

text: German

text: culture

text: including

text: many

text: Jews

text: who

text: had

text: previously

text: assimilated

text: into

text: French

text: culture

text: and

text: had

text: spoken

text: a

text: mixed

text: Judeo

text: French

text: language

text: Upon

text: assimilating

text: into

text: German

text: culture

text: the

text: Jewish

text: German

text: peoples

text: incorporated

text: major

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: and

text: elements

text: of

text: other

text: European

text: languages

text: into

text: a

text: mixed

text: language

text: known

text: as

text: Yiddish

text: However

text: tolerance

text: and

text: assimilation

text: of

text: Jews

text: in

text: German

text: society

text: suddenly

text: ended

text: during

text: the

text: Crusades

text: with

text: many

text: Jews

text: being

text: forcefully

text: expelled

text: from

text: Germany

text: and

text: Western

text: Yiddish

text: disappeared

text: as

text: a

text: language

text: in

text: Germany

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: with

text: German

text: Jewish

text: people

text: fully

text: adopting

text: the

text: German

text: language

question: By what time period had many of the Jewish  population joined the Holy Roman Empire?

answer: Middle Ages

text: Middle Ages

question: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language?

answer: Yiddish

text: Yiddish

question: What cause the tolerance and mixing  into German Society to end for the Jews?

answer: Crusades

text: Crusades

question: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades?

answer: German

text: German

question: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?

answer: Judeo-French

text: Judeo-French

question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?

answer: Yiddish.

text: Yiddish.

question: When did Jewish assimilation end?

answer: during the Crusades

text: during the Crusades

question: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?

answer: forcefully expelled from Germany

text: forcefully expelled from Germany

question: What group assimilated into German culture following the Middle Ages?

text: Jews

question: What sped up Jewish assimilation into German society?

text: Crusades

question: Who migrated to Germany during the Crusades?

text: Jews

question: Where was Yiddish spoken after the Crusades?

text: Germany


text: In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second marriage to the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun. King John V of Portugal, however, was not pleased and recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749. John V died the following year and his son, Joseph I of Portugal, was crowned. In contrast to his father, Joseph I was fond of de Melo, and with the Queen Mother's approval, he appointed Melo as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: In

text: Sebastião

text: José

text: de

text: Carvalho

text: e

text: Melo

text: Marquis

text: of

text: Pombal

text: began

text: a

text: diplomatic

text: career

text: as

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Ambassador

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: Vienna

text: The

text: Queen

text: consort

text: of

text: Portugal

text: Archduchess

text: Maria

text: Anne

text: Josefa

text: of

text: Austria

text: was

text: fond

text: of

text: Melo

text: and

text: after

text: his

text: first

text: wife

text: died

text: she

text: arranged

text: the

text: widowed

text: de

text: Melo

text: 's

text: second

text: marriage

text: to

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Field

text: Marshal

text: Leopold

text: Josef

text: Count

text: von

text: Daun

text: King

text: John

text: V

text: of

text: Portugal

text: however

text: was

text: not

text: pleased

text: and

text: recalled

text: Melo

text: to

text: Portugal

text: in

text: John

text: V

text: died

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: and

text: his

text: son

text: Joseph

text: I

text: of

text: Portugal

text: was

text: crowned

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: his

text: father

text: Joseph

text: I

text: was

text: fond

text: of

text: de

text: Melo

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Queen

text: Mother

text: 's

text: approval

text: he

text: appointed

text: Melo

text: as

text: Minister

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

question: Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal?

answer: Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo

text: Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo

question: What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold?

answer: Queen consort of Portugal

text: Queen consort of Portugal

question: Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage?

answer: Queen consort of Portugal

text: Queen consort of Portugal

question: Who was de Melo's second marriage to?

answer: the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun

text: the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun

question: Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage?

answer: King John V of Portugal

text: King John V of Portugal


text: Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt. The conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved. The closure of Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because Armenia depends on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials. Land routes through Georgia and Iran are inadequate or unreliable. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth. The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Like

text: other

text: newly

text: independent

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Armenia

text: 's

text: economy

text: suffers

text: from

text: the

text: breakdown

text: of

text: former

text: Soviet

text: trading

text: patterns

text: Soviet

text: investment

text: in

text: and

text: support

text: of

text: Armenian

text: industry

text: has

text: virtually

text: disappeared

text: so

text: that

text: few

text: major

text: enterprises

text: are

text: still

text: able

text: to

text: function

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: Spitak

text: earthquake

text: which

text: killed

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: and

text: made

text: homeless

text: are

text: still

text: being

text: felt

text: The

text: conflict

text: with

text: Azerbaijan

text: over

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: resolved

text: The

text: closure

text: of

text: Azerbaijani

text: and

text: Turkish

text: borders

text: has

text: devastated

text: the

text: economy

text: because

text: Armenia

text: depends

text: on

text: outside

text: supplies

text: of

text: energy

text: and

text: most

text: raw

text: materials

text: Land

text: routes

text: through

text: Georgia

text: and

text: Iran

text: are

text: inadequate

text: or

text: unreliable

text: The

text: GDP

text: fell

text: nearly

text: between

text: and

text: but

text: then

text: resumed

text: robust

text: growth

text: The

text: national

text: currency

text: the

text: dram

text: suffered

text: hyperinflation

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: after

text: its

text: introduction

text: in

question: How many people died because of the Spitak earthquake?

answer: more than 25,000

text: more than 25,000

question: When was the Spitak earthquake?

answer: 1988

question: How much did the Armenian GDP decrease from 1989-1993

answer: 60%

question: What is the national currency of Armenia?

answer: the dram

text: the dram


text: The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of both modern, state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops. Department stores cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available. Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork's suburbs, including Blackpool, Ballincollig, Douglas, Ballyvolane, Wilton and Mahon Point. Others are available in the city centre. These include the recently[when?] completed development of two large malls The Cornmarket Centre on Cornmarket Street, and new the retail street called "Opera Lane" off St. Patrick's Street/Academy Street. The Grand Parade scheme, on the site of the former Capitol Cineplex, was planning-approved for 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2) of retail space, with work commencing in 2016. Cork's main shopping street is St. Patrick's Street and is the most expensive street in the country per sq. metre after Dublin's Grafton Street. As of 2015[update] this area has been impacted by the post-2008 downturn, with many retail spaces available for let.[citation needed] Other shopping areas in the city centre include Oliver Plunkett St. and Grand Parade. Cork is also home to some of the country's leading department stores with the foundations of shops such as Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores being laid in the city. Outside the city centre is Mahon Point Shopping Centre.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: The

text: retail

text: trade

text: in

text: Cork

text: city

text: includes

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: both

text: modern

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: shopping

text: centres

text: and

text: family

text: owned

text: local

text: shops

text: Department

text: stores

text: cater

text: for

text: all

text: budgets

text: with

text: expensive

text: boutiques

text: for

text: one

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: and

text: high

text: street

text: stores

text: also

text: available

text: Shopping

text: centres

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: Cork

text: 's

text: suburbs

text: including

text: Blackpool

text: Ballincollig

text: Douglas

text: Ballyvolane

text: Wilton

text: and

text: Mahon

text: Point

text: Others

text: are

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: recently[when

text: completed

text: development

text: of

text: two

text: large

text: malls

text: The

text: Cornmarket

text: Centre

text: on

text: Cornmarket

text: Street

text: and

text: new

text: the

text: retail

text: street

text: called

text: Opera

text: Lane

text: off

text: St.

text: Patrick

text: 's

text: Street

text: Academy

text: Street

text: The

text: Grand

text: Parade

text: scheme

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Capitol

text: Cineplex

text: was

text: planning

text: approved

text: for

text: square

text: feet

text: of

text: retail

text: space

text: with

text: work

text: commencing

text: in

text: Cork

text: 's

text: main

text: shopping

text: street

text: is

text: St.

text: Patrick

text: 's

text: Street

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: per

text: sq

text: metre

text: after

text: Dublin

text: 's

text: Grafton

text: Street

text: As

text: of

text: this

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: impacted

text: by

text: the

text: downturn

text: with

text: many

text: retail

text: spaces

text: available

text: for

text: let.[citation

text: needed

text: Other

text: shopping

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: include

text: Oliver

text: Plunkett

text: St.

text: and

text: Grand

text: Parade

text: Cork

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: leading

text: department

text: stores

text: with

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: shops

text: such

text: as

text: Dunnes

text: Stores

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Roches

text: Stores

text: being

text: laid

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Outside

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: is

text: Mahon

text: Point

text: Shopping

text: Centre

question: What types of retail offerings are found in Cork?

answer: state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops

text: state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops

question: What happened after the economy dropped off around 2008?

answer: many retail spaces available for let

text: many retail spaces available for let

question: What major department stores gottheir starts in Cork?

answer: Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores

text: Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores

question: When will work on the Grand Parade begin?

answer: 2016

question: How large is the retail space in the Grand Parade proposed to be?

answer: 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2)

text: 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2)

question: What is mostly a mix of family owned shops?

text: The retail trade

question: What mostly caters to expensive boutiques?

text: Department stores

question: What nearby suburbs need to come to cork for shopping centers?

question: What area was effected by the economic growth of 2008?

text: St. Patrick's Street

question: What large mall is located in Ballyvolane?

text: The Cornmarket Centre

question: What site was Ballincollig built on?

text: the site of the former Capitol Cineplex

question: How much retail space was Mahon Point approved for?

text: 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2)

question: In what year will work begin on Mahon Point?

question: What is Opera Lane considered after Dublin Grafton Street?


text: General Aguirre moved to the deserts of the southeastern portion of the state and defeated the French forces in Parral, led by Colonel Cottret. By the middle of 1866, the state of Chihuahua was declared free of enemy control; Parral was the last French stronghold within the state. On June 17, 1866, President Juárez arrived in Chihuahua City and remained in the capital until December 10, 1866. During his two years in the state of Chihuahua, President Juárez passed ordinances regarding the rights of adjudication of property and nationalized the property of the clergy. The distance of the French forces and their allies allowed the Ministry of War, led by General Negrete, to reorganize the state's national guard into the Patriotic Battalion of Chihuahua, which was deployed to fight in the battle of Matamoros, Tamaulipas against the French. After a series of major defeats and an escalating threat from Prussia, France began pulling troops out of Mexico in late 1866. Disillusioned with the liberal political views of Maximilian, the Mexican conservatives abandoned him, and in 1867 the last of the Emperor's forces were defeated. Maximilian was sentenced to death by a military court; despite national and international pleas for amnesty, Juárez refused to commute the sentence. Maximilian was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: General

text: Aguirre

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: deserts

text: of

text: the

text: southeastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: defeated

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: in

text: Parral

text: led

text: by

text: Colonel

text: Cottret

text: By

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: was

text: declared

text: free

text: of

text: enemy

text: control

text: Parral

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: French

text: stronghold

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: On

text: June

text: President

text: Juárez

text: arrived

text: in

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: and

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: until

text: December

text: During

text: his

text: two

text: years

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: President

text: Juárez

text: passed

text: ordinances

text: regarding

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: adjudication

text: of

text: property

text: and

text: nationalized

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: clergy

text: The

text: distance

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: and

text: their

text: allies

text: allowed

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: War

text: led

text: by

text: General

text: Negrete

text: to

text: reorganize

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: national

text: guard

text: into

text: the

text: Patriotic

text: Battalion

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: which

text: was

text: deployed

text: to

text: fight

text: in

text: the

text: battle

text: of

text: Matamoros

text: Tamaulipas

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: After

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: major

text: defeats

text: and

text: an

text: escalating

text: threat

text: from

text: Prussia

text: France

text: began

text: pulling

text: troops

text: out

text: of

text: Mexico

text: in

text: late

text: Disillusioned

text: with

text: the

text: liberal

text: political

text: views

text: of

text: Maximilian

text: the

text: Mexican

text: conservatives

text: abandoned

text: him

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: forces

text: were

text: defeated

text: Maximilian

text: was

text: sentenced

text: to

text: death

text: by

text: a

text: military

text: court

text: despite

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: pleas

text: for

text: amnesty

text: Juárez

text: refused

text: to

text: commute

text: the

text: sentence

text: Maximilian

text: was

text: executed

text: by

text: firing

text: squad

text: on

text: June

question: Where did Aguirre defeat the French forces?

answer: Parral

text: Parral

question: Who had been leading the French forces?

answer: Colonel Cottret

text: Colonel Cottret

question: During which year was Chihuahua declared free of enemy control?

answer: 1866

question: Who passed laws regarding rights of adjudication of property?

answer: President Juárez

text: President Juárez

question: Who was executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867?

answer: Maximilian

text: Maximilian


text: The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery that established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia, while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. The Spanish crown maintained its hegemony in Europe and was the leading power on the continent until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which ended a conflict between Spain and France that had begun during the Thirty Years' War. An unprecedented series of major wars and political revolutions took place around Europe and indeed the world in the period between 1610 and 1700. Observers at the time, and many historians since, have argued that wars caused the revolutions. Galileo Galilei, invented the telescope and the thermometer which allowed him to observe and describe the solar system. Leonardo da Vinci painted the most famous work in the world. Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: The

text: Reconquista

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Spain

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: oceanic

text: explorations

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: that

text: established

text: direct

text: links

text: with

text: Africa

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: Asia

text: while

text: religious

text: wars

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: fought

text: in

text: Europe

text: which

text: ended

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Westphalia

text: The

text: Spanish

text: crown

text: maintained

text: its

text: hegemony

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: leading

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: until

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: which

text: ended

text: a

text: conflict

text: between

text: Spain

text: and

text: France

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: during

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: An

text: unprecedented

text: series

text: of

text: major

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: revolutions

text: took

text: place

text: around

text: Europe

text: and

text: indeed

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: and

text: Observers

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: many

text: historians

text: since

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: wars

text: caused

text: the

text: revolutions

text: Galileo

text: Galilei

text: invented

text: the

text: telescope

text: and

text: the

text: thermometer

text: which

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: observe

text: and

text: describe

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: painted

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Guglielmo

text: Marconi

text: invented

text: the

text: radio

question: Which countries initiated the Age of Exploration following the Reconquista?

answer: Portugal and Spain

text: Portugal and Spain

question: When did religious conflict end in Europe?

answer: 1648

question: Between which two nations was the Treaty of the Pyrenees signed?

answer: Spain and France

text: Spain and France

question: Which scientist developed a means of viewing space?

answer: Galileo Galilei

text: Galileo Galilei

question: Who was responsible for creating the first radio?

answer: Guglielmo Marconi

text: Guglielmo Marconi

question: Which countries initiated the Peace of Westphalia following the Reconquista?

text: Portugal and Spain

question: When did revolutions end in Europe?

question: Between which two nations was the Thirty Years's War signed?

text: Spain and France

question: Which scientist developed a means of ending wars?

text: Galileo Galilei

question: Who was responsible for creating the most famous continent?

text: Leonardo da Vinci


text: As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District saw widespread rioting and violence on Sunday 17 June 2012, with the houses of several members of parliament being attacked as well as the offices of regional energy suppliers Fesco, Gepco and Mepco being ransacked or attacked.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: As

text: of

text: June

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: electricity

text: problems

text: were

text: so

text: severe

text: that

text: violent

text: riots

text: were

text: taking

text: place

text: across

text: Punjab

text: According

text: to

text: protesters

text: load

text: shedding

text: was

text: depriving

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: electricity

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: causing

text: businesses

text: to

text: go

text: bust

text: and

text: making

text: living

text: extremely

text: hard

text: Gujranwala

text: Toba

text: Tek

text: Singh

text: Faisalabad

text: Sialkot

text: Bahawalnagar

text: and

text: communities

text: across

text: Khanewal

text: District

text: saw

text: widespread

text: rioting

text: and

text: violence

text: on

text: Sunday

text: June

text: with

text: the

text: houses

text: of

text: several

text: members

text: of

text: parliament

text: being

text: attacked

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: offices

text: of

text: regional

text: energy

text: suppliers

text: Fesco

text: Gepco

text: and

text: Mepco

text: being

text: ransacked

text: or

text: attacked

question: What kind of problem caused riots in June 2012?

answer: electricity

text: electricity

question: How long were cities without electricity in June 2012?

answer: 20–22 hours a day

text: 20–22 hours a day

question: Where were there riots in June 2012?

answer: Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District

text: Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Bahawalnagar and communities across Khanewal District

question: Which energy companies' offices were attacked by rioters?

answer: Fesco, Gepco and Mepco

text: Fesco, Gepco and Mepco

question: When was Pakistan's electricity problem solved?

text: June 2012

question: How long was the rioting on 17 June 2012?

text: 20–22 hours

question: What city houses the offices of Fesco?

text: Sialkot

question: Which energy supplier rioted?

text: Fesco, Gepco and Mepco

question: Who was responsible for the load shedding?

text: protesters


text: In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: In

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: Medieval

text: period

text: guilds

text: were

text: formed

text: by

text: craftsmen

text: to

text: organise

text: their

text: trades

text: and

text: written

text: contracts

text: have

text: survived

text: particularly

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: ecclesiastical

text: buildings

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: architect

text: was

text: usually

text: one

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: master

text: mason

text: or

text: Magister

text: lathomorum

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: sometimes

text: described

text: in

text: contemporary

text: documents

question: What organizations were created by Medieval craftsmen?

answer: guilds

text: guilds

question: What records of the guilds are still in existence?

answer: written contracts

text: written contracts

question: What was the main thing the contracts were had to do with?

answer: ecclesiastical buildings

text: ecclesiastical buildings

question: What is another term for master mason?

answer: Magister lathomorum

text: Magister lathomorum

question: What organizations were not created by Medieval craftsmen?

text: guilds

question: What records of the guilds are no longer in existence?

text: written contracts

question: What was the least important thing the contracts were had to do with?

text: ecclesiastical buildings

question: What is another term for trainer mason?

text: Magister lathomorum


text: During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: During

text: installation

text: an

text: iPod

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: one

text: host

text: computer

text: Each

text: time

text: an

text: iPod

text: connects

text: to

text: its

text: host

text: computer

text: iTunes

text: can

text: synchronize

text: entire

text: music

text: libraries

text: or

text: music

text: playlists

text: either

text: automatically

text: or

text: manually

text: Song

text: ratings

text: can

text: be

text: set

text: on

text: an

text: iPod

text: and

text: synchronized

text: later

text: to

text: the

text: iTunes

text: library

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: A

text: user

text: can

text: access

text: play

text: and

text: add

text: music

text: on

text: a

text: second

text: computer

text: if

text: an

text: iPod

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: manual

text: and

text: not

text: automatic

text: sync

text: but

text: anything

text: added

text: or

text: edited

text: will

text: be

text: reversed

text: upon

text: connecting

text: and

text: syncing

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: computer

text: and

text: its

text: library

text: If

text: a

text: user

text: wishes

text: to

text: automatically

text: sync

text: music

text: with

text: another

text: computer

text: an

text: iPod

text: 's

text: library

text: will

text: be

text: entirely

text: wiped

text: and

text: replaced

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: computer

text: 's

text: library

question: How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?

answer: one

text: one

question: What will be erased if an iPod is set to sync with a different computer?

answer: library

text: library

question: What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?

answer: host computer

text: host computer


text: It was not long until Apple released their first portable computer, the Macintosh Portable in 1989. Although due to considerable design issues, it was soon replaced in 1991 with the first of the PowerBook line: the PowerBook 100, a miniaturized portable; the 16 MHz 68030 PowerBook 140; and the 25 MHz 68030 PowerBook 170. They were the first portable computers with the keyboard behind a palm rest and a built-in pointing device (a trackball) in front of the keyboard. The 1993 PowerBook 165c was Apple's first portable computer to feature a color screen, displaying 256 colors with 640 x 400-pixel resolution. The second generation of PowerBooks, the 68040-equipped 500 series, introduced trackpads, integrated stereo speakers, and built-in Ethernet to the laptop form factor in 1994.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: long

text: until

text: Apple

text: released

text: their

text: first

text: portable

text: computer

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: Portable

text: in

text: Although

text: due

text: to

text: considerable

text: design

text: issues

text: it

text: was

text: soon

text: replaced

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: PowerBook

text: line

text: the

text: PowerBook

text: a

text: miniaturized

text: portable

text: the

text: MHz

text: PowerBook

text: and

text: the

text: MHz

text: PowerBook

text: They

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: portable

text: computers

text: with

text: the

text: keyboard

text: behind

text: a

text: palm

text: rest

text: and

text: a

text: built

text: in

text: pointing

text: device

text: a

text: trackball

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: keyboard

text: The

text: PowerBook

text: was

text: Apple

text: 's

text: first

text: portable

text: computer

text: to

text: feature

text: a

text: color

text: screen

text: displaying

text: colors

text: with

text: x

text: resolution

text: The

text: second

text: generation

text: of

text: PowerBooks

text: the

text: series

text: introduced

text: trackpads

text: integrated

text: stereo

text: speakers

text: and

text: built

text: in

text: Ethernet

text: to

text: the

text: laptop

text: form

text: factor

text: in

question: What was the name of Apple's first portable computer?

answer: Macintosh Portable

text: Macintosh Portable

question: When was the Macintosh Portable first released?

answer: 1989

question: What replaced the Macintosh Portable in 1991?

answer: the PowerBook line

text: the PowerBook line

question: What was the 1993 PowerBook 165c Apple's first portable computer to feature?

answer: a color screen

text: a color screen

question: Which generation of PowerBooks introduced trackpads?

answer: second

text: second

question: What was the name of Apple's last portable computer?

text: Macintosh Portable

question: When was the Macintosh Portable last released?

question: What replaced the Macintosh Portable in 1992?

text: the PowerBook line

question: What was the 1992 PowerBook 165c Apple's first portable computer to feature?

text: a color screen

question: Which generation of PowerMacs introduced trackpads?

text: second


text: The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems have gone beyond the functionality of the original hardware and have included variations such as a portable system with a color LCD (e.g. PocketFami). Others have been produced with certain specialized markets in mind, such as an NES clone that functions as a rather primitive personal computer, which includes a keyboard and basic word processing software. These unauthorized clones have been helped by the invention of the so-called NES-on-a-chip.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: unlicensed

text: clone

text: market

text: has

text: flourished

text: following

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: discontinuation

text: of

text: the

text: NES

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: exotic

text: of

text: these

text: resulting

text: systems

text: have

text: gone

text: beyond

text: the

text: functionality

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: hardware

text: and

text: have

text: included

text: variations

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: portable

text: system

text: with

text: a

text: color

text: LCD

text: e.g.

text: PocketFami

text: Others

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: with

text: certain

text: specialized

text: markets

text: in

text: mind

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: NES

text: clone

text: that

text: functions

text: as

text: a

text: rather

text: primitive

text: personal

text: computer

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: keyboard

text: and

text: basic

text: word

text: processing

text: software

text: These

text: unauthorized

text: clones

text: have

text: been

text: helped

text: by

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: NES

text: on

text: a

text: chip

question: What thrived after the NES was discontinued?

answer: unlicensed clone market

text: unlicensed clone market

question: What feature does the PocketFami have?

answer: color LCD

text: color LCD

question: The NES was duplicated on which medium in order to make clones easy to produce?

answer: chip

text: chip

question: What thrived after the SNES was discontinued?

text: unlicensed clone market

question: What feature doesn't the PocketFami have?

text: color LCD

question: The NES was duplicated on which medium in order to make non-clones easy to produce?

text: chip


text: In 1936, Wever was killed in an air crash. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex-Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff are usually blamed for the turning away from strategic planning and focusing on close air support. However, it would seem the two most prominent enthusiasts for the focus on ground-support operations (direct or indirect) were actually Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek. These men were long-time professional airmen involved in German air services since early in their careers. The Luftwaffe was not pressured into ground support operations because of pressure from the army, or because it was led by ex-army personnel. It was instead a mission that suited the Luftwaffe's existing approach to warfare; a culture of joint inter-service operations, rather than independent strategic air campaigns.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: In

text: Wever

text: was

text: killed

text: in

text: an

text: air

text: crash

text: The

text: failure

text: to

text: implement

text: his

text: vision

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: Luftwaffe

text: was

text: largely

text: attributable

text: to

text: his

text: immediate

text: successors

text: Ex

text: Army

text: personnel

text: Albert

text: Kesselring

text: and

text: Hans

text: Jürgen

text: Stumpff

text: are

text: usually

text: blamed

text: for

text: the

text: turning

text: away

text: from

text: strategic

text: planning

text: and

text: focusing

text: on

text: close

text: air

text: support

text: However

text: it

text: would

text: seem

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: prominent

text: enthusiasts

text: for

text: the

text: focus

text: on

text: ground

text: support

text: operations

text: direct

text: or

text: indirect

text: were

text: actually

text: Hugo

text: Sperrle

text: and

text: Hans

text: Jeschonnek

text: These

text: men

text: were

text: long

text: time

text: professional

text: airmen

text: involved

text: in

text: German

text: air

text: services

text: since

text: early

text: in

text: their

text: careers

text: The

text: Luftwaffe

text: was

text: not

text: pressured

text: into

text: ground

text: support

text: operations

text: because

text: of

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: army

text: or

text: because

text: it

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: ex

text: army

text: personnel

text: It

text: was

text: instead

text: a

text: mission

text: that

text: suited

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: 's

text: existing

text: approach

text: to

text: warfare

text: a

text: culture

text: of

text: joint

text: inter

text: service

text: operations

text: rather

text: than

text: independent

text: strategic

text: air

text: campaigns

question: How did Wever die?

answer: air crash

text: air crash

question: What year did Wever die?

answer: 1936

question: Who took over for Wever after his death?

answer: Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff

text: Albert Kesselring and Hans-Jürgen Stumpff

question: What two men were the most important in ground support?

answer: Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek

text: Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek

question: What long time careers were Sperrle and Jeschonnek involved in?

answer: German air services

text: German air services


text: The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the eastern front with the Soviets and the western front with the Allies. The British wanted Berlin, but Eisenhower decided it would be a military mistake for him to attack Berlin, and said orders to that effect would have to be explicit. The British backed down, but then wanted Eisenhower to move into Czechoslovakia for political reasons. Washington refused to support Churchill's plan to use Eisenhower's army for political maneuvers against Moscow. The actual division of Germany followed the lines that Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin had previously agreed upon. The Soviet Red Army captured Berlin in a very large-scale bloody battle, and the Germans finally surrendered on May 7, 1945.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: The

text: Germans

text: launched

text: a

text: surprise

text: counter

text: offensive

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Bulge

text: in

text: December

text: which

text: the

text: Allies

text: turned

text: back

text: in

text: early

text: after

text: Eisenhower

text: repositioned

text: his

text: armies

text: and

text: improved

text: weather

text: allowed

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: to

text: engage

text: German

text: defenses

text: continued

text: to

text: deteriorate

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: eastern

text: front

text: with

text: the

text: Soviets

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: front

text: with

text: the

text: Allies

text: The

text: British

text: wanted

text: Berlin

text: but

text: Eisenhower

text: decided

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: military

text: mistake

text: for

text: him

text: to

text: attack

text: Berlin

text: and

text: said

text: orders

text: to

text: that

text: effect

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: explicit

text: The

text: British

text: backed

text: down

text: but

text: then

text: wanted

text: Eisenhower

text: to

text: move

text: into

text: Czechoslovakia

text: for

text: political

text: reasons

text: Washington

text: refused

text: to

text: support

text: Churchill

text: 's

text: plan

text: to

text: use

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: army

text: for

text: political

text: maneuvers

text: against

text: Moscow

text: The

text: actual

text: division

text: of

text: Germany

text: followed

text: the

text: lines

text: that

text: Roosevelt

text: Churchill

text: and

text: Stalin

text: had

text: previously

text: agreed

text: upon

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Red

text: Army

text: captured

text: Berlin

text: in

text: a

text: very

text: large

text: scale

text: bloody

text: battle

text: and

text: the

text: Germans

text: finally

text: surrendered

text: on

text: May

question: When did the Battle of the Bulge begin?

answer: December 1944

text: December 1944

question: What German city did the British wish to conquer?

answer: Berlin

text: Berlin

question: Along with Roosevelt and Churchill, what political leader decided upon the division of Germany?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin

question: What nation's military conquered Berlin?

answer: Soviet

text: Soviet

question: What date saw the surrender of Nazi Germany?

answer: May 7, 1945

text: May 7, 1945