text: Some of the most influential theorists on emotion from the 20th century have died in the last decade. They include Magda B. Arnold (1903–2002), an American psychologist who developed the appraisal theory of emotions; Richard Lazarus (1922–2002), an American psychologist who specialized in emotion and stress, especially in relation to cognition; Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), who included emotions into decision making and artificial intelligence; Robert Plutchik (1928–2006), an American psychologist who developed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion; Robert Zajonc (1923–2008) a Polish–American social psychologist who specialized in social and cognitive processes such as social facilitation; Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007), an American philosopher who contributed to the theories on the philosophy of emotions with books such as What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Oxford, 2003); Peter Goldie (1946–2011), a British philosopher who specialized in ethics, aesthetics, emotion, mood and character; Nico Frijda (1927–2015), a Dutch psychologist who advanced the theory that human emotions serve to promote a tendency to undertake actions that are appropriate in the circumstances, detailed in his book The Emotions (1986).

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: theorists

text: on

text: emotion

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: have

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decade

text: They

text: include

text: Magda

text: B.

text: Arnold

text: an

text: American

text: psychologist

text: who

text: developed

text: the

text: appraisal

text: theory

text: of

text: emotions

text: Richard

text: Lazarus

text: an

text: American

text: psychologist

text: who

text: specialized

text: in

text: emotion

text: and

text: stress

text: especially

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: cognition

text: Herbert

text: A.

text: Simon

text: who

text: included

text: emotions

text: into

text: decision

text: making

text: and

text: artificial

text: intelligence

text: Robert

text: Plutchik

text: an

text: American

text: psychologist

text: who

text: developed

text: a

text: psychoevolutionary

text: theory

text: of

text: emotion

text: Robert

text: Zajonc

text: a

text: Polish

text: American

text: social

text: psychologist

text: who

text: specialized

text: in

text: social

text: and

text: cognitive

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: social

text: facilitation

text: Robert

text: C.

text: Solomon

text: an

text: American

text: philosopher

text: who

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: theories

text: on

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: emotions

text: with

text: books

text: such

text: as

text: What

text: Is

text: An

text: Emotion

text: Classic

text: and

text: Contemporary

text: Readings

text: Oxford

text: Peter

text: Goldie

text: a

text: British

text: philosopher

text: who

text: specialized

text: in

text: ethics

text: aesthetics

text: emotion

text: mood

text: and

text: character

text: Nico

text: Frijda

text: a

text: Dutch

text: psychologist

text: who

text: advanced

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: human

text: emotions

text: serve

text: to

text: promote

text: a

text: tendency

text: to

text: undertake

text: actions

text: that

text: are

text: appropriate

text: in

text: the

text: circumstances

text: detailed

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: The

text: Emotions

question: What theory was developed by Arnold?

answer: the appraisal theory of emotions

text: the appraisal theory of emotions

question: When did Richard Lazarus die?

answer: 2002

question: Who wrote 'What Is An Emotion?'?

answer: Robert C. Solomon

text: Robert C. Solomon

question: Who published What Is An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?

answer: Oxford

text: Oxford

question: What is Nico Frijda's nationality?

answer: Dutch

text: Dutch

question: What theory wasn't developed by Arnold?

text: appraisal theory of emotions

question: When did Richard Lazarus work?

question: Who wrote 'What Isn't An Emotion?'?

text: Robert C. Solomon

question: Who published What Isn't An Emotion?: Classic and Contemporary Readings?

text: Oxford


text: Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Compaq

text: who

text: had

text: previously

text: held

text: the

text: third

text: place

text: spot

text: among

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: mid

text: initiated

text: a

text: successful

text: price

text: war

text: in

text: that

text: vaulted

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: biggest

text: by

text: the

text: year

text: end

text: overtaking

text: a

text: struggling

text: IBM

text: and

text: relegating

text: Apple

text: to

text: third

text: place

text: Apple

text: 's

text: market

text: share

text: further

text: struggled

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: Windows

text: operating

text: system

text: which

text: unified

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: formerly

text: separate

text: MS

text: DOS

text: and

text: Windows

text: products

text: Windows

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: the

text: multimedia

text: capability

text: and

text: performance

text: of

text: IBM

text: PC

text: compatible

text: computers

text: and

text: brought

text: the

text: capabilities

text: of

text: Windows

text: to

text: parity

text: with

text: the

text: Mac

text: OS

text: GUI

question: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994?

answer: Compaq

text: Compaq

question: Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994?

answer: IBM

text: IBM

question: What happened to Apple's market share with the release of Windows 95?

answer: struggled

text: struggled

question: What unified Microsoft's MS-DOS and Windows products?

answer: Windows 95

text: Windows 95

question: What significantly enhanced the multimedia capability of IBM PC compatible computers?

answer: Windows 95

text: Windows 95

question: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1995

text: Compaq

question: Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1993?

text: IBM

question: What happened to Apple's market share with the release of Windows 98?

text: struggled

question: What unified Apple's MS-DOS and Windows products?

text: Windows 95

question: What significantly enhanced the multimedia capability of IBM PC incompatible computers?

text: Windows 95


text: Von Neumann's ability to instantaneously perform complex operations in his head stunned other mathematicians. Eugene Wigner wrote that, seeing von Neumann's mind at work, "one had the impression of a perfect instrument whose gears were machined to mesh accurately to a thousandth of an inch." Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring." Israel Halperin said: "Keeping up with him was ... impossible. The feeling was you were on a tricycle chasing a racing car." Edward Teller wrote that von Neumann effortlessly outdid anybody he ever met, and said "I never could keep up with him". Teller also said "von Neumann would carry on a conversation with my 3-year-old son, and the two of them would talk as equals, and I sometimes wondered if he used the same principle when he talked to the rest of us. Most people avoid thinking if they can, some of us are addicted to thinking, but von Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: instantaneously

text: perform

text: complex

text: operations

text: in

text: his

text: head

text: stunned

text: other

text: mathematicians

text: Eugene

text: Wigner

text: wrote

text: that

text: seeing

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: mind

text: at

text: work

text: one

text: had

text: the

text: impression

text: of

text: a

text: perfect

text: instrument

text: whose

text: gears

text: were

text: machined

text: to

text: mesh

text: accurately

text: to

text: a

text: thousandth

text: of

text: an

text: inch

text: Paul

text: Halmos

text: states

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: speed

text: was

text: awe

text: inspiring

text: Israel

text: Halperin

text: said

text: Keeping

text: up

text: with

text: him

text: was

text: impossible

text: The

text: feeling

text: was

text: you

text: were

text: on

text: a

text: tricycle

text: chasing

text: a

text: racing

text: car

text: Edward

text: Teller

text: wrote

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: effortlessly

text: outdid

text: anybody

text: he

text: ever

text: met

text: and

text: said

text: I

text: never

text: could

text: keep

text: up

text: with

text: him

text: Teller

text: also

text: said

text: von

text: Neumann

text: would

text: carry

text: on

text: a

text: conversation

text: with

text: my

text: old

text: son

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: of

text: them

text: would

text: talk

text: as

text: equals

text: and

text: I

text: sometimes

text: wondered

text: if

text: he

text: used

text: the

text: same

text: principle

text: when

text: he

text: talked

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: us

text: Most

text: people

text: avoid

text: thinking

text: if

text: they

text: can

text: some

text: of

text: us

text: are

text: addicted

text: to

text: thinking

text: but

text: von

text: Neumann

text: actually

text: enjoyed

text: thinking

text: maybe

text: even

text: to

text: the

text: exclusion

text: of

text: everything

text: else

question: How quickly was von Neumann able to complete math in his head?

answer: stunned other mathematicians

text: stunned other mathematicians

question: Were other mathematicians amazed by von Neumann?

answer: Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring."

text: Paul Halmos states that "von Neumann's speed was awe-inspiring."

question: Did von Neumann enjoy thinking?

answer: Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else.

text: Neumann actually enjoyed thinking, maybe even to the exclusion of everything else.


text: Many students are involved in community service in one form or another. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800 local children are invited for an afternoon of games and sweets. NCDC's work is to connect hundreds of student volunteers to some twenty volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year. Many students have assisted with the Special Olympics and have taken alternative spring break trips to hundreds of service sites across the United States. Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman Urban Program, a program for students interested in community service. A large and growing number of students participate in the university's Global Engagement Summer Institute (GESI), a group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa, or Latin America, in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development. Several internationally recognized non-profit organizations have originated at Northwestern including the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, a spin-off from an engineering student's honors thesis.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Many

text: students

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: community

text: service

text: in

text: one

text: form

text: or

text: another

text: Annual

text: events

text: include

text: Dance

text: Marathon

text: a

text: thirty

text: hour

text: event

text: that

text: raised

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: million

text: dollars

text: for

text: charity

text: in

text: and

text: Project

text: Pumpkin

text: a

text: Halloween

text: celebration

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: Northwestern

text: Community

text: Development

text: Corps

text: NCDC

text: to

text: which

text: more

text: than

text: local

text: children

text: are

text: invited

text: for

text: an

text: afternoon

text: of

text: games

text: and

text: sweets

text: NCDC

text: 's

text: work

text: is

text: to

text: connect

text: hundreds

text: of

text: student

text: volunteers

text: to

text: some

text: twenty

text: volunteer

text: sites

text: in

text: Evanston

text: and

text: Chicago

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: Many

text: students

text: have

text: assisted

text: with

text: the

text: Special

text: Olympics

text: and

text: have

text: taken

text: alternative

text: spring

text: break

text: trips

text: to

text: hundreds

text: of

text: service

text: sites

text: across

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Northwestern

text: students

text: also

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: Freshman

text: Urban

text: Program

text: a

text: program

text: for

text: students

text: interested

text: in

text: community

text: service

text: A

text: large

text: and

text: growing

text: number

text: of

text: students

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: Global

text: Engagement

text: Summer

text: Institute

text: GESI

text: a

text: group

text: service

text: learning

text: expedition

text: in

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: or

text: Latin

text: America

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Sustainable

text: Development

text: Several

text: internationally

text: recognized

text: non

text: profit

text: organizations

text: have

text: originated

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: including

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Imaging

text: Informatics

text: and

text: Telemedicine

text: Alliance

text: a

text: spin

text: off

text: from

text: an

text: engineering

text: student

text: 's

text: honors

text: thesis

question: What 30 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?

answer: Dance Marathon

text: Dance Marathon

question: What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 800 local children are invited?

answer: Project Pumpkin

text: Project Pumpkin

question: What is the name of the Northwestern program for students interested in community service?

answer: Freshman Urban Program

text: Freshman Urban Program

question: What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa or Latin America?

answer: Global Engagement Summer Institute

text: Global Engagement Summer Institute

question: What does NCDC stand for?

answer: Northwestern Community Development Corps

text: Northwestern Community Development Corps

question: What 24 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?

text: Dance Marathon

question: What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 700 local children are invited?

text: Project Pumpkin

question: What is the name of the Northwestern program for teachers interested in community service?

text: Freshman Urban Program

question: What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Australia?

text: Global Engagement Summer Institute

question: What does ICDC stand for?


text: The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, mule deer, antelope, coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the American alligator.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: The

text: state

text: holds

text: populations

text: of

text: white

text: tailed

text: deer

text: mule

text: deer

text: antelope

text: coyotes

text: mountain

text: lions

text: bobcats

text: elk

text: and

text: birds

text: such

text: as

text: quail

text: doves

text: cardinals

text: bald

text: eagles

text: red

text: tailed

text: hawks

text: and

text: pheasants

text: In

text: prairie

text: ecosystems

text: American

text: bison

text: greater

text: prairie

text: chickens

text: badgers

text: and

text: armadillo

text: are

text: common

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: prairie

text: dog

text: towns

text: inhabit

text: shortgrass

text: prairie

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: panhandle

text: The

text: Cross

text: Timbers

text: a

text: region

text: transitioning

text: from

text: prairie

text: to

text: woodlands

text: in

text: Central

text: Oklahoma

text: harbors

text: vertebrate

text: species

text: The

text: Ouachita

text: Mountains

text: are

text: home

text: to

text: black

text: bear

text: red

text: fox

text: grey

text: fox

text: and

text: river

text: otter

text: populations

text: which

text: coexist

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: vertebrate

text: species

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Oklahoma

text: Also

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Oklahoma

text: lives

text: the

text: American

text: alligator

question: What types of birds does Oklahoma have a lot of?

answer: quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants

text: quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants

question: What types of deer does Oklahoma have a lot of?

answer: white-tailed deer, mule deer

text: white-tailed deer, mule deer

question: What does Oklahoma have the country's largest towns of?

answer: prairie dog

text: prairie dog

question: What part of Oklahoma is Cross Timbers in?

answer: Central

text: Central

question: What part of Oklahoma does the American alligator live in?

answer: southeastern

text: southeastern


text: After several years of economic downturn and political instability, in 1997, Guinea-Bissau entered the CFA franc monetary system, bringing about some internal monetary stability. The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty. Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still-fragile political situation.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: After

text: several

text: years

text: of

text: economic

text: downturn

text: and

text: political

text: instability

text: in

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: entered

text: the

text: CFA

text: franc

text: monetary

text: system

text: bringing

text: about

text: some

text: internal

text: monetary

text: stability

text: The

text: civil

text: war

text: that

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: a

text: military

text: coup

text: in

text: September

text: again

text: disrupted

text: economic

text: activity

text: leaving

text: a

text: substantial

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: infrastructure

text: in

text: ruins

text: and

text: intensifying

text: the

text: already

text: widespread

text: poverty

text: Following

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: elections

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: presidential

text: elections

text: in

text: July

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: trying

text: to

text: recover

text: from

text: the

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: instability

text: despite

text: a

text: still

text: fragile

text: political

text: situation

question: In what year did Guinea-Bissau start to bring some internal monetary stability to the country?

answer: 1997

question: What did the government do in 1997 to increase monetary stability?

answer: entered the CFA franc monetary system

text: entered the CFA franc monetary system

question: What years did the civil war take place?

answer: 1998 and 1999

text: 1998 and 1999

question: When was there a military coup in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: September 2003

text: September 2003

question: When were parliamentary elections held?

answer: March 2004

text: March 2004


text: All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to this understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts.

title: University

title: University

text: All

text: over

text: Europe

text: rulers

text: and

text: city

text: governments

text: began

text: to

text: create

text: universities

text: to

text: satisfy

text: a

text: European

text: thirst

text: for

text: knowledge

text: and

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: society

text: would

text: benefit

text: from

text: the

text: scholarly

text: expertise

text: generated

text: from

text: these

text: institutions

text: Princes

text: and

text: leaders

text: of

text: city

text: governments

text: perceived

text: the

text: potential

text: benefits

text: of

text: having

text: a

text: scholarly

text: expertise

text: develop

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: address

text: difficult

text: problems

text: and

text: achieve

text: desired

text: ends

text: The

text: emergence

text: of

text: humanism

text: was

text: essential

text: to

text: this

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: possible

text: utility

text: of

text: universities

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: revival

text: of

text: interest

text: in

text: knowledge

text: gained

text: from

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: texts

question: Why did rulers and governments in Europe form universities?

answer: to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge

text: to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge

question: What outlook developed the creation of the university system?

answer: humanism

text: humanism

question: Which ancient texts began to see more study after universities were formed?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What type of governments were involved in creating universities?

answer: city governments

text: city governments

question: Who established universities around the world?

text: rulers and city governments

question: What increased the study of Latin text?

text: The emergence of humanism

question: Who established unuiversities for their own benefit?

text: Princes

question: What outlook slowed the spread of universities?

text: humanism

question: Why did rulers and governments in Europe form texts?

question: What outlook developed the creation of the European system?

text: humanism

question: Which ancient texts began to see more study after governments were formed?

text: Greek

question: What types of governments were involved in creating rulers?

text: city governments

question: Who perceived the benefits of rulers?

text: Princes and leaders of city governments


text: As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country. Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city. Since the 1990s the city has undergone rapid economic development and modernization, including two of Uruguay's most important buildings—the World Trade Center Montevideo (1998), and Telecommunications Tower (2000), the headquarters of Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company ANTEL, increasing the city's integration into the global marketplace.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: As

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: Montevideo

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: wealthiest

text: businesses

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: have

text: their

text: headquarters

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Since

text: the

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: undergone

text: rapid

text: economic

text: development

text: and

text: modernization

text: including

text: two

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: buildings

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Center

text: Montevideo

text: and

text: Telecommunications

text: Tower

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: government

text: owned

text: telecommunications

text: company

text: ANTEL

text: increasing

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: integration

text: into

text: the

text: global

text: marketplace

question: What is the economic and political centre of the country?

answer: Montevideo

text: Montevideo

question: What year was the World Trade Center Montevideo constructed?

answer: 1998

question: What year was the Telecommunications Tower constructed?

answer: (2000


text: In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly (which succeeded the previous Assembly) by popular vote.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: demands

text: in

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: received

text: a

text: greater

text: degree

text: of

text: autonomy

text: with

text: the

text: elaboration

text: the

text: first

text: Statute

text: of

text: Government

text: Estatuto

text: de

text: Gobierno

text: and

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: Assembly

text: of

text: Representatives.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: this

text: autonomy

text: was

text: further

text: expanded

text: and

text: starting

text: from

text: residents

text: can

text: directly

text: elect

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: and

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: a

text: unicameral

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: which

text: succeeded

text: the

text: previous

text: Assembly

text: by

text: popular

text: vote

question: When did the Federal District receive more power?

answer: 1987

question: When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District?

answer: 1997

question: How is the leader of Mexico City now established?

answer: popular vote

text: popular vote

question: What gave the Federal District more autonomy?

answer: first Statute of Government

text: first Statute of Government


text: The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: created

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: the

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: as

text: a

text: unified

text: army

text: for

text: the

text: colonies

text: to

text: fight

text: Great

text: Britain

text: with

text: George

text: Washington

text: appointed

text: as

text: its

text: commander

text: The

text: army

text: was

text: initially

text: led

text: by

text: men

text: who

text: had

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Army

text: or

text: colonial

text: militias

text: and

text: who

text: brought

text: much

text: of

text: British

text: military

text: heritage

text: with

text: them

text: As

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: progressed

text: French

text: aid

text: resources

text: and

text: military

text: thinking

text: influenced

text: the

text: new

text: army

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: European

text: soldiers

text: came

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: to

text: help

text: such

text: as

text: Friedrich

text: Wilhelm

text: von

text: Steuben

text: who

text: taught

text: the

text: army

text: Prussian

text: tactics

text: and

text: organizational

text: skills

question: When was the Continental Army created?

answer: 14 June 1775

text: 14 June 1775

question: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?

answer: George Washington

text: George Washington

question: From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?

answer: Prussian tactics and organizational skills

text: Prussian tactics and organizational skills

question: How was the Continental Army created?

question: When was the commander of the Continental Army appointed?

text: 14 June 1775

question: What European did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?

text: Prussian

question: When did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach Prussian tactics?

text: 14 June 1775


text: New Haven has a long tradition of urban planning and a purposeful design for the city's layout. The city could be argued to have some of the first preconceived layouts in the country. Upon founding, New Haven was laid out in a grid plan of nine square blocks; the central square was left open, in the tradition of many New England towns, as the city green (a commons area). The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in America. As in other cities, many of the elms that gave New Haven the nickname "Elm City" perished in the mid-20th century due to Dutch Elm disease, although many have since been replanted. The New Haven Green is currently home to three separate historic churches which speak to the original theocratic nature of the city. The Green remains the social center of the city today. It was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: tradition

text: of

text: urban

text: planning

text: and

text: a

text: purposeful

text: design

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: layout

text: The

text: city

text: could

text: be

text: argued

text: to

text: have

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: preconceived

text: layouts

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Upon

text: founding

text: New

text: Haven

text: was

text: laid

text: out

text: in

text: a

text: grid

text: plan

text: of

text: nine

text: square

text: blocks

text: the

text: central

text: square

text: was

text: left

text: open

text: in

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: many

text: New

text: England

text: towns

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: green

text: a

text: commons

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: instituted

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: tree

text: planting

text: program

text: in

text: America

text: As

text: in

text: other

text: cities

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: elms

text: that

text: gave

text: New

text: Haven

text: the

text: nickname

text: Elm

text: City

text: perished

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: due

text: to

text: Dutch

text: Elm

text: disease

text: although

text: many

text: have

text: since

text: been

text: replanted

text: The

text: New

text: Haven

text: Green

text: is

text: currently

text: home

text: to

text: three

text: separate

text: historic

text: churches

text: which

text: speak

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: theocratic

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Green

text: remains

text: the

text: social

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: today

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: a

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmark

text: in

question: On what type of city plan was New Haven laid out upon the founding of the area?

answer: grid plan of nine square blocks

text: grid plan of nine square blocks

question: For what environmental initiative is the city of New Haven known, primarily for instituting the first of its kind in America?

answer: public tree planting program

text: public tree planting program

question: What was the nickname given to the city of New Haven due to an indigenous tree which largely perished in the mid-20th century?

answer: "Elm City"

text: "Elm City"

question: What was the cause of the sudden extinction of many of the elms in New Haven?

answer: Dutch Elm disease

text: Dutch Elm disease

question: What public area in New Haven was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970?

answer: New Haven Green

text: New Haven Green

question: What was New Haven's nickname?

answer: Elm City"

text: Elm City"

question: Due to the replanting of trees the center of the city is called what?

answer: New Haven Green

text: New Haven Green

question: In what year did it became recognize as a landmark?

answer: 1970

question: In the original plans of the city, how many city block were designed?

answer: nine square blocks

text: nine square blocks

question: Because of it's trees New Haven is known for being first to implemented what in the US?

answer: public tree planting program

text: public tree planting program


text: The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: Eagle

text: and

text: Child

text: and

text: the

text: Lamb

text: and

text: Flag

text: Oxford

text: were

text: regular

text: meeting

text: places

text: of

text: the

text: Inklings

text: a

text: writers

text: group

text: which

text: included

text: J.

text: R.

text: R.

text: Tolkien

text: and

text: C.

text: S.

text: Lewis

text: The

text: Eagle

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: is

text: where

text: Francis

text: Crick

text: interrupted

text: patrons

text: lunchtime

text: on

text: February

text: to

text: announce

text: that

text: he

text: and

text: James

text: Watson

text: had

text: discovered

text: the

text: secret

text: of

text: life

text: after

text: they

text: had

text: come

text: up

text: with

text: their

text: proposal

text: for

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: DNA

text: The

text: anecdote

text: is

text: related

text: in

text: Watson

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Double

text: Helix

text: and

text: commemorated

text: with

text: a

text: blue

text: plaque

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: wall

question: Along with the Eagle and Child, at what pub did the Inklings regularly meet?

answer: the Lamb and Flag

text: the Lamb and Flag

question: Where is the Eagle and Child located?

answer: Oxford

text: Oxford

question: Along with J. R. R. Tolkien, who was a noted member of the Inklings?

answer: C. S. Lewis

text: C. S. Lewis

question: Where is the Eagle pub located?

answer: Cambridge

text: Cambridge

question: On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA?

answer: 28 February 1953

text: 28 February 1953


text: Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of Aquitaine and decided to betroth his youngest son to Alais, the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. As part of this agreement John was promised the future inheritance of Savoy, Piedmont, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. For his part in the potential marriage alliance, Henry II transferred the castles of Chinon, Loudun and Mirebeau into John's name; as John was only five years old his father would continue to control them for practical purposes. Henry the Young King was unimpressed by this; although he had yet to be granted control of any castles in his new kingdom, these were effectively his future property and had been given away without consultation. Alais made the trip over the Alps and joined Henry II's court, but she died before marrying John, which left the prince once again without an inheritance.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Henry

text: II

text: wanted

text: to

text: secure

text: the

text: southern

text: borders

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: and

text: decided

text: to

text: betroth

text: his

text: youngest

text: son

text: to

text: Alais

text: the

text: daughter

text: and

text: heiress

text: of

text: Humbert

text: III

text: of

text: Savoy

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: agreement

text: John

text: was

text: promised

text: the

text: future

text: inheritance

text: of

text: Savoy

text: Piedmont

text: Maurienne

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: possessions

text: of

text: Count

text: Humbert

text: For

text: his

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: potential

text: marriage

text: alliance

text: Henry

text: II

text: transferred

text: the

text: castles

text: of

text: Chinon

text: Loudun

text: and

text: Mirebeau

text: into

text: John

text: 's

text: name

text: as

text: John

text: was

text: only

text: five

text: years

text: old

text: his

text: father

text: would

text: continue

text: to

text: control

text: them

text: for

text: practical

text: purposes

text: Henry

text: the

text: Young

text: King

text: was

text: unimpressed

text: by

text: this

text: although

text: he

text: had

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: granted

text: control

text: of

text: any

text: castles

text: in

text: his

text: new

text: kingdom

text: these

text: were

text: effectively

text: his

text: future

text: property

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: given

text: away

text: without

text: consultation

text: Alais

text: made

text: the

text: trip

text: over

text: the

text: Alps

text: and

text: joined

text: Henry

text: II

text: 's

text: court

text: but

text: she

text: died

text: before

text: marrying

text: John

text: which

text: left

text: the

text: prince

text: once

text: again

text: without

text: an

text: inheritance

question: Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of what?

answer: Aquitaine

text: Aquitaine

question: Who was Alais?

answer: the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy

text: the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy

question: What castles did Henry II transfer into John's name?

answer: Chinon, Loudun and Mirebeau

text: Chinon, Loudun and Mirebeau


text: Secretary of War Elihu Root (1899–1904) led the modernization of the Army. His goal of a uniformed chief of staff as general manager and a European-type general staff for planning was stymied by General Nelson A. Miles but did succeed in enlarging West Point and establishing the U.S. Army War College as well as the General Staff. Root changed the procedures for promotions and organized schools for the special branches of the service. He also devised the principle of rotating officers from staff to line. Root was concerned about the Army's role in governing the new territories acquired in 1898 and worked out the procedures for turning Cuba over to the Cubans, and wrote the charter of government for the Philippines.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: Secretary

text: of

text: War

text: Elihu

text: Root

text: led

text: the

text: modernization

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: His

text: goal

text: of

text: a

text: uniformed

text: chief

text: of

text: staff

text: as

text: general

text: manager

text: and

text: a

text: European

text: type

text: general

text: staff

text: for

text: planning

text: was

text: stymied

text: by

text: General

text: Nelson

text: A.

text: Miles

text: but

text: did

text: succeed

text: in

text: enlarging

text: West

text: Point

text: and

text: establishing

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: War

text: College

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: Root

text: changed

text: the

text: procedures

text: for

text: promotions

text: and

text: organized

text: schools

text: for

text: the

text: special

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: service

text: He

text: also

text: devised

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: rotating

text: officers

text: from

text: staff

text: to

text: line

text: Root

text: was

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: Army

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: governing

text: the

text: new

text: territories

text: acquired

text: in

text: and

text: worked

text: out

text: the

text: procedures

text: for

text: turning

text: Cuba

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: Cubans

text: and

text: wrote

text: the

text: charter

text: of

text: government

text: for

text: the

text: Philippines

question: Who was the Secretary of War who modernized the US military at the beginning of the 20th century?

answer: Elihu Root

text: Elihu Root

question: Which military academy did Root help grow?

answer: West Point

text: West Point

question: What military advisement committee was established by Root?

answer: General Staff

text: General Staff

question: What officer rotation doctrine was developed under Root's guidance?

answer: the principle of rotating officers from staff to line

text: the principle of rotating officers from staff to line

question: What then-US protectorate did Root write a government charter for?

answer: the Philippines

text: the Philippines

question: Who was the Secretary of War who modernized the UK military at the beginning of the 20th century?

text: Elihu Root

question: Which military academy did Poot help grow?

text: West Point

question: What military advisement committee was established by Poot?

text: General Staff

question: What officer rotation doctrine was undeveloped under Root's guidance?

question: What then-UK protectorate did Root write a government charter for?

text: Philippines


text: The Samoan islands have been produced by vulcanism, the source of which is the Samoa hotspot which is probably the result of a mantle plume. While all of the islands have volcanic origins, only Savai'i, the western most island in Samoa, is volcanically active with the most recent eruptions in Mt Matavanu (1905–1911), Mata o le Afi (1902) and Mauga Afi (1725). The highest point in Samoa is Mt Silisili, at 1858 m (6,096 ft). The Saleaula lava fields situated on the central north coast of Savai'i are the result of the Mt Matavanu eruptions which left 50 km² (20 sq mi) of solidified lava.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: The

text: Samoan

text: islands

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: by

text: vulcanism

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Samoa

text: hotspot

text: which

text: is

text: probably

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: mantle

text: plume

text: While

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: have

text: volcanic

text: origins

text: only

text: Savai'i

text: the

text: western

text: most

text: island

text: in

text: Samoa

text: is

text: volcanically

text: active

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: eruptions

text: in

text: Mt

text: Matavanu

text: Mata

text: o

text: le

text: Afi

text: and

text: Mauga

text: Afi

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: Samoa

text: is

text: Mt

text: Silisili

text: at

text: m

text: ft

text: The

text: Saleaula

text: lava

text: fields

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: central

text: north

text: coast

text: of

text: Savai'i

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Mt

text: Matavanu

text: eruptions

text: which

text: left

text: sq

text: mi

text: of

text: solidified

text: lava

question: What natural process formed the land masses that would become the Samoan islands?

answer: vulcanism

text: vulcanism

question: Which of the Samoan islands has active volcanoes?

answer: Savai'i

text: Savai'i

question: What's the name of the highest peak in Samoa?

answer: Mt Silisili,

text: Mt Silisili,

question: How many meters is 6,096 feet?

answer: 1858

question: What volcano created the Saleaula lava fields?

answer: Mt Matavanu

text: Mt Matavanu

question: What is the source of solidified lava on Mata o le Afi?

text: the Samoa hotspot

question: What is different about Mauga Afi compared to the other islands?

text: is volcanically active

question: What is the highest point in Mauga Afi?

text: Mt Silisili, at 1858 m (6,096 ft)

question: When was a mantle plume discovered near Magua Alfi?

question: What is Mata o le Afi probably the result of?

text: a mantle plume


text: As of 2013, the American Idol alumni in their post-Idol careers have amassed over 59 million albums and 120 million singles and digital track downloads in the United States alone.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Idol

text: alumni

text: in

text: their

text: post

text: Idol

text: careers

text: have

text: amassed

text: over

text: million

text: albums

text: and

text: million

text: singles

text: and

text: digital

text: track

text: downloads

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: alone

question: How many albums have been sold by American Idol contestants up until 2013?

answer: 59 million

text: 59 million

question: How many single have been sold by American Idol contestants up until 2013?

answer: 120 million

text: 120 million

question: How many albums have Idol contestants created as of 2013?

answer: 59 million

text: 59 million

question: How many singles and digital downloads have Idol contestants created as of 2013?

answer: 120 million

text: 120 million


text: In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire divided Armenia. From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: Safavid

text: Empire

text: divided

text: Armenia

text: From

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: both

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Armenia

text: fell

text: under

text: Iranian

text: Safavid

text: rule

text: Owing

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: long

text: Turco

text: Iranian

text: geo

text: political

text: rivalry

text: that

text: would

text: last

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: significant

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: were

text: frequently

text: fought

text: over

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: rivalling

text: empires

text: From

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Amasya

text: and

text: decisively

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Zuhab

text: until

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Eastern

text: Armenia

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: successive

text: Iranian

text: Safavid

text: Afsharid

text: and

text: Qajar

text: empires

text: while

text: Western

text: Armenia

text: remained

text: under

text: Ottoman

text: rule

question: Which empires seperated Armenia?

answer: Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire

text: Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire

question: Who controlled Western Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?

answer: Ottoman

text: Ottoman

question: Who controlled Eastern Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?

answer: Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires

text: Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires

question: How long did the Turco-Iranian rivalry last?

answer: century

text: century


text: In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives. In recent years the rivalry has become less political, as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: In

text: Espanyol

text: started

text: a

text: counter

text: petition

text: against

text: autonomy

text: which

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: pertinent

text: issue

text: Later

text: on

text: an

text: Espanyol

text: supporter

text: group

text: would

text: join

text: the

text: Falangists

text: in

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Civil

text: War

text: siding

text: with

text: the

text: fascists

text: Despite

text: these

text: differences

text: in

text: ideology

text: the

text: derbi

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: more

text: relevant

text: to

text: Espanyol

text: supporters

text: than

text: Barcelona

text: ones

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: difference

text: in

text: objectives

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: rivalry

text: has

text: become

text: less

text: political

text: as

text: Espanyol

text: translated

text: its

text: official

text: name

text: and

text: anthem

text: from

text: Spanish

text: to

text: Catalan

question: When did Espanyol  offer a counter-petition against autonomy?

answer: 1918

question: Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?

answer: Falangists

text: Falangists

question: What event is more relevant to Espanyol supporters than to Barcelona fans?

answer: derbi

text: derbi

question: From what language did Espanyol translate their name?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: How has the rivalry between Espanyol and Barcelona  changed?

answer: less political

text: less political


text: Thirteen thousand species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions. Alpine plants are grouped by habitat and soil type which can be limestone or non-calcerous. The habitats range from meadows, bogs, woodland (deciduous and coniferous) areas to soilless scree and moraines, and rock faces and ridges. A natural vegetation limit with altitude is given by the presence of the chief deciduous trees—oak, beech, ash and sycamore maple. These do not reach exactly to the same elevation, nor are they often found growing together; but their upper limit corresponds accurately enough to the change from a temperate to a colder climate that is further proved by a change in the presence of wild herbaceous vegetation. This limit usually lies about 1,200 m (3,940 ft) above the sea on the north side of the Alps, but on the southern slopes it often rises to 1,500 m (4,920 ft), sometimes even to 1,700 m (5,580 ft).

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Thirteen

text: thousand

text: species

text: of

text: plants

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: the

text: Alpine

text: regions

text: Alpine

text: plants

text: are

text: grouped

text: by

text: habitat

text: and

text: soil

text: type

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: limestone

text: or

text: non

text: calcerous

text: The

text: habitats

text: range

text: from

text: meadows

text: bogs

text: woodland

text: deciduous

text: and

text: coniferous

text: areas

text: to

text: soilless

text: scree

text: and

text: moraines

text: and

text: rock

text: faces

text: and

text: ridges

text: A

text: natural

text: vegetation

text: limit

text: with

text: altitude

text: is

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: chief

text: deciduous

text: trees

text: oak

text: beech

text: ash

text: and

text: sycamore

text: maple

text: These

text: do

text: not

text: reach

text: exactly

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: elevation

text: nor

text: are

text: they

text: often

text: found

text: growing

text: together

text: but

text: their

text: upper

text: limit

text: corresponds

text: accurately

text: enough

text: to

text: the

text: change

text: from

text: a

text: temperate

text: to

text: a

text: colder

text: climate

text: that

text: is

text: further

text: proved

text: by

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: wild

text: herbaceous

text: vegetation

text: This

text: limit

text: usually

text: lies

text: about

text: m

text: ft

text: above

text: the

text: sea

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: but

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: slopes

text: it

text: often

text: rises

text: to

text: m

text: ft

text: sometimes

text: even

text: to

text: m

text: ft

question: How many species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions?

answer: Thirteen thousand

text: Thirteen thousand

question: How are Alpine plants grouped?

answer: by habitat and soil type

text: by habitat and soil type

question: Oak, beech, ash, and sycamore maple make up what group of trees?

answer: chief deciduous trees

text: chief deciduous trees


text: Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms. Signs of infection have been discovered in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs. When present, however, these infections seem to tend to be confined to only small regions of the body. A skull attributed to the early carnivorous dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis exhibits pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone. The unusual texture of the bone around the wounds suggests they were afflicted by a short-lived, non-lethal infection. Scientists who studied the skull speculated that the bite marks were received in a fight with another Herrerasaurus. Other carnivorous dinosaurs with documented evidence of infection include Acrocanthosaurus, Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus and a tyrannosaur from the Kirtland Formation. The infections from both tyrannosaurs were received by being bitten during a fight, like the Herrerasaurus specimen.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Evidence

text: of

text: infection

text: in

text: fossil

text: remains

text: is

text: a

text: subject

text: of

text: interest

text: for

text: paleopathologists

text: scientists

text: who

text: study

text: occurrences

text: of

text: injuries

text: and

text: illness

text: in

text: extinct

text: life

text: forms

text: Signs

text: of

text: infection

text: have

text: been

text: discovered

text: in

text: the

text: bones

text: of

text: carnivorous

text: dinosaurs

text: When

text: present

text: however

text: these

text: infections

text: seem

text: to

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: confined

text: to

text: only

text: small

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: A

text: skull

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: carnivorous

text: dinosaur

text: Herrerasaurus

text: ischigualastensis

text: exhibits

text: pit

text: like

text: wounds

text: surrounded

text: by

text: swollen

text: and

text: porous

text: bone

text: The

text: unusual

text: texture

text: of

text: the

text: bone

text: around

text: the

text: wounds

text: suggests

text: they

text: were

text: afflicted

text: by

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: non

text: lethal

text: infection

text: Scientists

text: who

text: studied

text: the

text: skull

text: speculated

text: that

text: the

text: bite

text: marks

text: were

text: received

text: in

text: a

text: fight

text: with

text: another

text: Herrerasaurus

text: Other

text: carnivorous

text: dinosaurs

text: with

text: documented

text: evidence

text: of

text: infection

text: include

text: Acrocanthosaurus

text: Allosaurus

text: Tyrannosaurus

text: and

text: a

text: tyrannosaur

text: from

text: the

text: Kirtland

text: Formation

text: The

text: infections

text: from

text: both

text: tyrannosaurs

text: were

text: received

text: by

text: being

text: bitten

text: during

text: a

text: fight

text: like

text: the

text: Herrerasaurus

text: specimen

question: What profession finds evidence of infection in fossil remains to be interesting?

answer: paleopathologists

text: paleopathologists

question: What do paleopathologists study?

answer: occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms

text: occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms

question: What has been discovered in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs?

answer: Signs of infection

text: Signs of infection

question: What dinosaur's skull had pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone?

answer: Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis

text: Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis

question: How did tyrannosaurs become infected?

answer: being bitten during a fight

text: being bitten during a fight

question: What profession finds evidence of infection in fossil remains to be pointless?

text: paleopathologists

question: What do paleopathologists avoid researching?

question: What has been discovered in the blood of carnivorous dinosaurs?

text: Signs of infection

question: What dinosaur's femur had pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone?

text: Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis

question: How did tyrannosaurs become invincible?

text: being bitten during a fight


text: Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Note

text: The

text: green

text: arrows

text: red

text: arrows

text: and

text: blue

text: dashes

text: represent

text: changes

text: in

text: rank

text: The

text: changes

text: in

text: rank

text: are

text: not

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: HDI

text: list

text: above

text: but

text: are

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: source

text: p.

text: calculated

text: with

text: the

text: exclusion

text: of

text: countries

text: which

text: are

text: missing

text: IHDI

text: data

question: What represents not changing rank?

question: What is relative to the HDI list?

text: The changes in rank


text: Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: Finally

text: hysteresis

text: synchronous

text: motors

text: typically

text: are

text: essentially

text: two

text: phase

text: motors

text: with

text: a

text: phase

text: shifting

text: capacitor

text: for

text: one

text: phase

text: They

text: start

text: like

text: induction

text: motors

text: but

text: when

text: slip

text: rate

text: decreases

text: sufficiently

text: the

text: rotor

text: a

text: smooth

text: cylinder

text: becomes

text: temporarily

text: magnetized

text: Its

text: distributed

text: poles

text: make

text: it

text: act

text: like

text: a

text: PMSM

text: The

text: rotor

text: material

text: like

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: common

text: nail

text: will

text: stay

text: magnetized

text: but

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: demagnetized

text: with

text: little

text: difficulty

text: Once

text: running

text: the

text: rotor

text: poles

text: stay

text: in

text: place

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: drift

question: What do hysteresis synchronous motors' rotors do when slip rate decreases?

answer: becomes temporarily magnetized

text: becomes temporarily magnetized

question: When in operation, what do hysteresis synchronous motors poles do?

answer: stay in place

text: stay in place

question: What do hysteresis synchronous motors resemble at startup?

answer: induction motors

text: induction motors

question: How can a hysteresis synchronous motor's rotor be described?

answer: a smooth cylinder

text: a smooth cylinder

question: What do the distributed poles of a hysteresis synchronous motor resemble?

answer: PMSM

text: PMSM

question: What do hysteresis synchronous motors' rotors do when slip rate increases?

text: temporarily magnetized

question: When in operation, what don't hysteresis synchronous motors poles do?

text: stay in place

question: What do hysteresis synchronous motors not resemble at startup?

text: induction motors

question: How can't a hysteresis synchronous motor's rotor be described?

text: a smooth cylinder

question: What do the undistributed poles of a hysteresis synchronous motor resemble?

text: PMSM


text: Though sexual attraction, behavior, and identity are all components of sexual orientation, if a person defined by one of these dimensions were congruent with those defined by another dimension it would not matter which was used in assessing orientation, but this is not the case. There is "little coherent relationship between the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself or herself as bisexual, homosexual, or heterosexual". Individuals typically experience diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure and is not necessarily indicative of an underlying sexual orientation. For example, a woman may have fantasies or thoughts about sex with other women but never act on these thoughts and only have sex with opposite gender partners. If sexual orientation was being assessed based on one's sexual attraction then this individual would be considered homosexual, but her behavior indicates heterosexuality.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Though

text: sexual

text: attraction

text: behavior

text: and

text: identity

text: are

text: all

text: components

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: if

text: a

text: person

text: defined

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: dimensions

text: were

text: congruent

text: with

text: those

text: defined

text: by

text: another

text: dimension

text: it

text: would

text: not

text: matter

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: assessing

text: orientation

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: case

text: There

text: is

text: little

text: coherent

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: amount

text: and

text: mix

text: of

text: homosexual

text: and

text: heterosexual

text: behavior

text: in

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: biography

text: and

text: that

text: person

text: 's

text: choice

text: to

text: label

text: himself

text: or

text: herself

text: as

text: bisexual

text: homosexual

text: or

text: heterosexual

text: Individuals

text: typically

text: experience

text: diverse

text: attractions

text: and

text: behaviors

text: that

text: may

text: reflect

text: curiosity

text: experimentation

text: social

text: pressure

text: and

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: indicative

text: of

text: an

text: underlying

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: woman

text: may

text: have

text: fantasies

text: or

text: thoughts

text: about

text: sex

text: with

text: other

text: women

text: but

text: never

text: act

text: on

text: these

text: thoughts

text: and

text: only

text: have

text: sex

text: with

text: opposite

text: gender

text: partners

text: If

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: was

text: being

text: assessed

text: based

text: on

text: one

text: 's

text: sexual

text: attraction

text: then

text: this

text: individual

text: would

text: be

text: considered

text: homosexual

text: but

text: her

text: behavior

text: indicates

text: heterosexuality

question: What are sexual attraction. behavior, and idenity components of?

answer: sexual orientation

text: sexual orientation

question: What do individuals typically experience?

answer: diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure

text: diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure

question: What is there little coherent relationships between?

answer: the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself

text: the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself


text: The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: The

text: official

text: policy

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Government

text: is

text: that

text: Thailand

text: was

text: not

text: an

text: ally

text: of

text: the

text: Axis

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: not

text: at

text: war

text: with

text: Thailand

text: The

text: policy

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Government

text: ever

text: since

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: treat

text: Thailand

text: not

text: as

text: a

text: former

text: enemy

text: but

text: rather

text: as

text: a

text: country

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: forced

text: into

text: certain

text: actions

text: by

text: Japanese

text: blackmail

text: before

text: being

text: occupied

text: by

text: Japanese

text: troops

text: Thailand

text: has

text: been

text: treated

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: as

text: such

text: other

text: Axis

text: occupied

text: countries

text: as

text: Belgium

text: Czechoslovakia

text: Denmark

text: Greece

text: Norway

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

question: Did the U.S. believe that Thailand was an Axis ally?

answer: not an ally

text: not an ally

question: What does the U.S. believe caused Thailand to help Japan?

answer: blackmail

text: blackmail

question: Is Thailand treated differently than other Axis countries?

answer: the same way

text: the same way

question: According to the USA, what country did Japan blackmail?

answer: Thailand

text: Thailand

question: What nations were occupied by the Axis?

answer: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands

text: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands

question: After 1945, how did the USA treat Thailand?

answer: not as a former enemy

text: not as a former enemy

question: Who occupied Thailand according to the USA?

answer: Japanese troops

text: Japanese troops


text: The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00 (IBM), Joan Spero '04 (Doris Duke Charitable Foundation), Sidney Taurel '01 (Eli Lilly), and Lorenzo Zambrano '03 (Cemex).

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: The

text: company

text: 's

text: member

text: Board

text: of

text: Directors

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: overall

text: corporate

text: management

text: As

text: of

text: Cathie

text: Black

text: 's

text: resignation

text: in

text: November

text: its

text: membership

text: by

text: affiliation

text: and

text: year

text: of

text: joining

text: included

text: Alain

text: J.

text: P.

text: Belda

text: Alcoa

text: William

text: R.

text: Brody

text: Salk

text: Institute

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: University

text: Kenneth

text: Chenault

text: American

text: Express

text: Michael

text: L.

text: Eskew

text: UPS

text: Shirley

text: Ann

text: Jackson

text: Rensselaer

text: Polytechnic

text: Institute

text: Andrew

text: N.

text: Liveris

text: Dow

text: Chemical

text: W.

text: James

text: McNerney

text: Jr.

text: Boeing

text: James

text: W.

text: Owens

text: Caterpillar

text: Samuel

text: J.

text: Palmisano

text: IBM

text: Joan

text: Spero

text: Doris

text: Duke

text: Charitable

text: Foundation

text: Sidney

text: Taurel

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: and

text: Lorenzo

text: Zambrano

text: Cemex

question: IBM has how many members on its Board of Directors?

answer: 14

question: What board member resigned in November 2010?

answer: Cathie Black's

text: Cathie Black's

question: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?

answer: '07

question: Kenneth Chenault is affiliated with what company?

answer: American Express

text: American Express

question: Who is the most recent member to join the IBM Board of Directors?

answer: Andrew N. Liveris

text: Andrew N. Liveris

question: In what year did Alain J. P. Belda resign?

question: How many corporate offices are there at IBM?

question: What is Alain J. P. Belda's main responsibility as a board member?

text: overall corporate management

question: What chemical company is Cathie Black affiliated with?

text: Dow Chemical

question: What credit card company is Doris Duke connected with?

text: American Express


text: Based on earlier transmitted reports, in the year 632, after the demise of Muhammad a number of his companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed in a battle by Musaylimah, the first caliph Abu Bakr (d. 634) decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. Zayd ibn Thabit (d. 655) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. After Abu Bakr, Hafsa bint Umar, Muhammad's widow, was entrusted with the manuscript. In about 650, the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (d. 656) began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Quran as Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula into Persia, the Levant, and North Africa. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard copy of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death, the Quran was committed to written form. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: Based

text: on

text: earlier

text: transmitted

text: reports

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: after

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: his

text: companions

text: who

text: knew

text: the

text: Quran

text: by

text: heart

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: a

text: battle

text: by

text: Musaylimah

text: the

text: first

text: caliph

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: d.

text: decided

text: to

text: collect

text: the

text: book

text: in

text: one

text: volume

text: so

text: that

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: preserved

text: Zayd

text: ibn

text: Thabit

text: d.

text: was

text: the

text: person

text: to

text: collect

text: the

text: Quran

text: since

text: he

text: used

text: to

text: write

text: the

text: Divine

text: Inspiration

text: for

text: Allah

text: 's

text: Apostle

text: Thus

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: scribes

text: most

text: importantly

text: Zayd

text: collected

text: the

text: verses

text: and

text: produced

text: a

text: hand

text: written

text: manuscript

text: of

text: the

text: complete

text: book

text: The

text: manuscript

text: according

text: to

text: Zayd

text: remained

text: with

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: until

text: he

text: died

text: Zayd

text: 's

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: task

text: and

text: the

text: difficulties

text: in

text: collecting

text: the

text: Quranic

text: material

text: from

text: parchments

text: palm

text: leaf

text: stalks

text: thin

text: stones

text: and

text: from

text: men

text: who

text: knew

text: it

text: by

text: heart

text: is

text: recorded

text: in

text: earlier

text: narratives

text: After

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: Hafsa

text: bint

text: Umar

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: widow

text: was

text: entrusted

text: with

text: the

text: manuscript

text: In

text: about

text: the

text: third

text: Caliph

text: Uthman

text: ibn

text: Affan

text: d.

text: began

text: noticing

text: slight

text: differences

text: in

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: as

text: Islam

text: expanded

text: beyond

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: into

text: Persia

text: the

text: Levant

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: preserve

text: the

text: sanctity

text: of

text: the

text: text

text: he

text: ordered

text: a

text: committee

text: headed

text: by

text: Zayd

text: to

text: use

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: 's

text: copy

text: and

text: prepare

text: a

text: standard

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: Thus

text: within

text: years

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: Quran

text: was

text: committed

text: to

text: written

text: form

text: That

text: text

text: became

text: the

text: model

text: from

text: which

text: copies

text: were

text: made

text: and

text: promulgated

text: throughout

text: the

text: urban

text: centers

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: and

text: other

text: versions

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: destroyed

text: The

text: present

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: is

text: accepted

text: by

text: Muslim

text: scholars

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: original

text: version

text: compiled

text: by

text: Abu

text: Bakr

question: Which caliph decided to preserve the Quran as a single book after some of Muhammad's companions were killed in battle?

answer: Abu Bakr

text: Abu Bakr

question: Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?

answer: Zayd ibn Thabit

text: Zayd ibn Thabit

question: In which year did Abu Bakr die?

answer: 634

question: Who took possession of the first Quran manuscript after Abu Bakr?

answer: Hafsa bint Umar

text: Hafsa bint Umar

question: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized?

answer: Uthman ibn Affan

text: Uthman ibn Affan

question: Which caliph decided to preserve the Quran as a single book after some of Muhammad's companions were saved in battle?

text: Abu Bakr

question: Which scribe led the production of the last written Quran?

text: Zayd ibn Thabit

question: In which year did Abu Bakr survive?

text: d. 634

question: Who took possession of the last Quran manuscript after Abu Bakr?

text: Hafsa bint Umar

question: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and destroyed?

text: Uthman ibn Affan


text: Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was "very blitzy".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Although

text: the

text: intensity

text: of

text: the

text: bombing

text: was

text: not

text: as

text: great

text: as

text: prewar

text: expectations

text: so

text: an

text: equal

text: comparison

text: is

text: impossible

text: no

text: psychiatric

text: crisis

text: occurred

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: Blitz

text: even

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: greatest

text: bombing

text: of

text: September

text: An

text: American

text: witness

text: wrote

text: By

text: every

text: test

text: and

text: measure

text: I

text: am

text: able

text: to

text: apply

text: these

text: people

text: are

text: staunch

text: to

text: the

text: bone

text: and

text: wo

text: n't

text: quit

text: the

text: British

text: are

text: stronger

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: better

text: position

text: than

text: they

text: were

text: at

text: its

text: beginning

text: People

text: referred

text: to

text: raids

text: as

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: weather

text: stating

text: that

text: a

text: day

text: was

text: very

text: However

text: another

text: American

text: who

text: visited

text: Britain

text: the

text: publisher

text: Ralph

text: Ingersoll

text: wrote

text: soon

text: after

text: the

text: Blitz

text: eased

text: on

text: September

text: that

question: With the intense bomb what did not happen as great as prewar predictions expected?

answer: psychiatric crisis

text: psychiatric crisis

question: What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?

answer: American

text: American

question: People called the raids very blitzy like they were talking about what?

answer: weather

text: weather


text: In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal. Southern Iberia remained under control of Islamic states, initially under the Caliphate of Córdoba, which broke up in 1031 into a shifting number of petty states known as taifas, who fought with the Christians until the Almohad Caliphate re-established centralised rule over Southern Iberia in the 1170s. Christian forces advanced again in the early 13th century, culminating in the capture of Seville in 1248.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: Iberia

text: the

text: Christian

text: states

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: confined

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: began

text: to

text: push

text: back

text: against

text: the

text: Islamic

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: a

text: period

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Reconquista

text: By

text: about

text: the

text: Christian

text: north

text: had

text: coalesced

text: into

text: the

text: five

text: major

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: León

text: Castile

text: Aragon

text: Navarre

text: and

text: Portugal

text: Southern

text: Iberia

text: remained

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: Islamic

text: states

text: initially

text: under

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: of

text: Córdoba

text: which

text: broke

text: up

text: in

text: into

text: a

text: shifting

text: number

text: of

text: petty

text: states

text: known

text: as

text: taifas

text: who

text: fought

text: with

text: the

text: Christians

text: until

text: the

text: Almohad

text: Caliphate

text: re

text: established

text: centralised

text: rule

text: over

text: Southern

text: Iberia

text: in

text: the

text: Christian

text: forces

text: advanced

text: again

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: Seville

text: in

question: What was the name of the Christian reconquest of Iberia from the Muslims?

answer: the Reconquista

text: the Reconquista

question: How many major Christian kingdoms existed in Iberia around 1150?

answer: five

text: five

question: Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150?

answer: Navarre

text: Navarre

question: What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia until 1031?

answer: the Caliphate of Córdoba

text: the Caliphate of Córdoba

question: What Islamic state controlled southern Iberia in the 1170s?

answer: the Almohad Caliphate

text: the Almohad Caliphate


text: The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: tourist

text: industry

text: is

text: heavily

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: imprisonment

text: A

text: golf

text: course

text: also

text: exists

text: and

text: the

text: possibility

text: for

text: sportfishing

text: tourism

text: is

text: great

text: Three

text: hotels

text: operate

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: but

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: tourists

text: is

text: directly

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: arrival

text: and

text: departure

text: schedule

text: of

text: the

text: RMS

text: St

text: Helena

text: Some

text: short

text: term

text: visitors

text: arrived

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: in

question: What is the tourist industry mostly based around?

answer: the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment

text: the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment

question: What kind of fishing tourism occurs on the island?

answer: sportfishing

text: sportfishing

question: How many hotels are on the island?

answer: 3

question: Tourism is completely based on what arriving to the island?

answer: the RMS St Helena

text: the RMS St Helena


text: In addition to professional team sports, North Carolina has a strong affiliation with NASCAR and stock-car racing, with Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord hosting two Sprint Cup Series races every year. Charlotte also hosts the NASCAR Hall of Fame, while Concord is the home of several top-flight racing teams, including Hendrick Motorsports, Roush Fenway Racing, Richard Petty Motorsports, Stewart-Haas Racing, and Chip Ganassi Racing. Numerous other tracks around North Carolina host races from low-tier NASCAR circuits as well.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: professional

text: team

text: sports

text: North

text: Carolina

text: has

text: a

text: strong

text: affiliation

text: with

text: NASCAR

text: and

text: stock

text: car

text: racing

text: with

text: Charlotte

text: Motor

text: Speedway

text: in

text: Concord

text: hosting

text: two

text: Sprint

text: Cup

text: Series

text: races

text: every

text: year

text: Charlotte

text: also

text: hosts

text: the

text: NASCAR

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: while

text: Concord

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: several

text: top

text: flight

text: racing

text: teams

text: including

text: Hendrick

text: Motorsports

text: Roush

text: Fenway

text: Racing

text: Richard

text: Petty

text: Motorsports

text: Stewart

text: Haas

text: Racing

text: and

text: Chip

text: Ganassi

text: Racing

text: Numerous

text: other

text: tracks

text: around

text: North

text: Carolina

text: host

text: races

text: from

text: low

text: tier

text: NASCAR

text: circuits

text: as

text: well

question: What Speedway in North Carolina hosts two Sprint cupseries races each year?

answer: Charlotte Motor Speedway

text: Charlotte Motor Speedway

question: Where is Charlotte motor Speedway located?

answer: Concord

text: Concord

question: What North Carolina city hosts the NASCAR Hall of Fame?

answer: Charlotte

text: Charlotte

question: What North carolina city is home to several top racing teams?

answer: Concord

text: Concord


text: Industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Industrialized

text: societies

text: generally

text: follow

text: a

text: clock

text: based

text: schedule

text: for

text: daily

text: activities

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: change

text: throughout

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: time

text: of

text: day

text: that

text: individuals

text: begin

text: and

text: end

text: work

text: or

text: school

text: and

text: the

text: coordination

text: of

text: mass

text: transit

text: for

text: example

text: usually

text: remain

text: constant

text: year

text: round

text: In

text: contrast

text: an

text: agrarian

text: society

text: 's

text: daily

text: routines

text: for

text: work

text: and

text: personal

text: conduct

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: daylight

text: hours

text: and

text: by

text: solar

text: time

text: which

text: change

text: seasonally

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: axial

text: tilt

text: North

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: tropics

text: daylight

text: lasts

text: longer

text: in

text: summer

text: and

text: shorter

text: in

text: winter

text: the

text: effect

text: becoming

text: greater

text: as

text: one

text: moves

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: tropics

question: What kind of societies usually follow a regular daily schedule year-round?

answer: Industrialized

text: Industrialized

question: What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?

answer: agrarian

text: agrarian

question: In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?

answer: North and south of the tropics

text: North and south of the tropics

question: What is the tilt of the Earth that causes solar time to change called?

answer: axial tilt

text: axial tilt


text: For a century, the Appalachians were a barrier to the westward expansion of the British colonies. The continuity of the mountain system, the bewildering multiplicity of its succeeding ridges, the tortuous courses and roughness of its transverse passes, a heavy forest, and dense undergrowth all conspired to hold the settlers on the seaward-sloping plateaus and coastal plains. Only by way of the Hudson and Mohawk Valleys, Cumberland Gap, the Wachesa Trail,[undue weight? – discuss] and round about the southern termination of the system were there easy routes to the interior of the country, and these were long closed by powerful Native American tribes such as the Iroquois, Creek, and Cherokee, among others. Expansion was also blocked by the alliances the British Empire had forged with Native American tribes, the proximity of the Spanish colonies in the south and French activity throughout the interior.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: For

text: a

text: century

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: were

text: a

text: barrier

text: to

text: the

text: westward

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: colonies

text: The

text: continuity

text: of

text: the

text: mountain

text: system

text: the

text: bewildering

text: multiplicity

text: of

text: its

text: succeeding

text: ridges

text: the

text: tortuous

text: courses

text: and

text: roughness

text: of

text: its

text: transverse

text: passes

text: a

text: heavy

text: forest

text: and

text: dense

text: undergrowth

text: all

text: conspired

text: to

text: hold

text: the

text: settlers

text: on

text: the

text: seaward

text: sloping

text: plateaus

text: and

text: coastal

text: plains

text: Only

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: Hudson

text: and

text: Mohawk

text: Valleys

text: Cumberland

text: Gap

text: the

text: Wachesa

text: Trail,[undue

text: weight

text: discuss

text: and

text: round

text: about

text: the

text: southern

text: termination

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: were

text: there

text: easy

text: routes

text: to

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: these

text: were

text: long

text: closed

text: by

text: powerful

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Iroquois

text: Creek

text: and

text: Cherokee

text: among

text: others

text: Expansion

text: was

text: also

text: blocked

text: by

text: the

text: alliances

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: had

text: forged

text: with

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: the

text: proximity

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: French

text: activity

text: throughout

text: the

text: interior

question: What prevented the Appalachian expansion?

text: British colonies

question: What prevented the settlers from going to the coastal plains?

text: the Appalachians

question: What were the names of the valleys that were impossible to pass?

text: Hudson and Mohawk

question: Who had the Spanish colonies allied with?

text: Native American tribes

question: What were the name of the French tribes?

text: Iroquois, Creek, and Cherokee


text: Unfortunately for those who wanted or were required to wear green, there were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight. Green dyes were made out of the fern, plantain, buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks, the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus, or ash tree, and the bark of the alder tree, but they rapidly faded or changed color. Only in the 16th century was a good green dye produced, by first dyeing the cloth blue with woad, and then yellow with reseda luteola, also known as yellow-weed.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Unfortunately

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: wanted

text: or

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: wear

text: green

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: good

text: vegetal

text: green

text: dyes

text: which

text: resisted

text: washing

text: and

text: sunlight

text: Green

text: dyes

text: were

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: fern

text: plantain

text: buckthorn

text: berries

text: the

text: juice

text: of

text: nettles

text: and

text: of

text: leeks

text: the

text: digitalis

text: plant

text: the

text: broom

text: plant

text: the

text: leaves

text: of

text: the

text: fraxinus

text: or

text: ash

text: tree

text: and

text: the

text: bark

text: of

text: the

text: alder

text: tree

text: but

text: they

text: rapidly

text: faded

text: or

text: changed

text: color

text: Only

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: a

text: good

text: green

text: dye

text: produced

text: by

text: first

text: dyeing

text: the

text: cloth

text: blue

text: with

text: woad

text: and

text: then

text: yellow

text: with

text: reseda

text: luteola

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: yellow

text: weed

question: Why were vegetal green dyes less than ideal?

answer: they rapidly faded or changed color

text: they rapidly faded or changed color

question: When was a good green vegetal dye finally produced?

answer: 16th century

text: 16th century

question: What was known as yellow-weed?

answer: reseda luteola

text: reseda luteola

question: Vegetal dyes were good at resisting what?

text: washing and sunlight

question: What is another name for woad?

text: yellow-weed

question: When did people begin using the leaves of the fraxinus for green dyes?

text: the 16th century

question: What color did green-dyed clothes often change to?

text: blue

question: Which part of the digitalis plant was used to create green dye?

text: the juice