text: Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Inns

text: are

text: buildings

text: where

text: travellers

text: can

text: seek

text: lodging

text: and

text: usually

text: food

text: and

text: drink

text: They

text: are

text: typically

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: or

text: along

text: a

text: highway

text: In

text: Europe

text: they

text: possibly

text: first

text: sprang

text: up

text: when

text: the

text: Romans

text: built

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: roads

text: two

text: millennia

text: ago.[citation

text: needed

text: Some

text: inns

text: in

text: Europe

text: are

text: several

text: centuries

text: old

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: providing

text: for

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: travellers

text: inns

text: traditionally

text: acted

text: as

text: community

text: gathering

text: places

question: Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?

answer: food and drink

text: food and drink

question: What road is an inn often located near?

answer: highway

text: highway

question: How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system?

answer: two

text: two

question: About how old are the oldest inns in Europe?

answer: several centuries

text: several centuries

question: What role did inns serve other than housing travelers?

answer: community gathering places

text: community gathering places


text: Within the City of Westminster in London the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where London and world film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements. London's theatre district is here, as are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, including the city's Chinatown district (in Soho), and just to the east is Covent Garden, an area housing speciality shops. The city is the home of Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have dominated the West End theatre since the late 20th century. The United Kingdom's Royal Ballet, English National Ballet, Royal Opera and English National Opera are based in London and perform at the Royal Opera House, the London Coliseum, Sadler's Wells Theatre and the Royal Albert Hall as well as touring the country.

title: London

title: London

text: Within

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: in

text: London

text: the

text: entertainment

text: district

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: End

text: has

text: its

text: focus

text: around

text: Leicester

text: Square

text: where

text: London

text: and

text: world

text: film

text: premieres

text: are

text: held

text: and

text: Piccadilly

text: Circus

text: with

text: its

text: giant

text: electronic

text: advertisements

text: London

text: 's

text: theatre

text: district

text: is

text: here

text: as

text: are

text: many

text: cinemas

text: bars

text: clubs

text: and

text: restaurants

text: including

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Chinatown

text: district

text: in

text: Soho

text: and

text: just

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: is

text: Covent

text: Garden

text: an

text: area

text: housing

text: speciality

text: shops

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Andrew

text: Lloyd

text: Webber

text: whose

text: musicals

text: have

text: dominated

text: the

text: West

text: End

text: theatre

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: Royal

text: Ballet

text: English

text: National

text: Ballet

text: Royal

text: Opera

text: and

text: English

text: National

text: Opera

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: perform

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Opera

text: House

text: the

text: London

text: Coliseum

text: Sadler

text: 's

text: Wells

text: Theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: Albert

text: Hall

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: touring

text: the

text: country

question: What is the entertainment center of London known as?

answer: the West End

text: the West End

question: What is a prominent feature of Picadilly Circus?

answer: giant electronic advertisements

text: giant electronic advertisements

question: London's Chinatown district is located in what area?

answer: Soho

text: Soho

question: Where is London's West End located geographically?

answer: the City of Westminster

text: the City of Westminster

question: What prolific composer and producer of musicals has been a major force in the West End theater district?

answer: Andrew Lloyd Webber

text: Andrew Lloyd Webber


text: The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significant changes in the brain occur in the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in decision making and cognitive control, as well as other higher cognitive functions. During adolescence, myelination and synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex increases, improving the efficiency of information processing, and neural connections between the prefrontal cortex and other regions of the brain are strengthened. This leads to better evaluation of risks and rewards, as well as improved control over impulses. Specifically, developments in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are important for controlling impulses and planning ahead, while development in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is important for decision making. Changes in the orbitofrontal cortex are important for evaluating rewards and risks.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: The

text: first

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: to

text: be

text: pruned

text: are

text: those

text: involving

text: primary

text: functions

text: such

text: as

text: motor

text: and

text: sensory

text: areas

text: The

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: involved

text: in

text: more

text: complex

text: processes

text: lose

text: matter

text: later

text: in

text: development

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: lateral

text: and

text: prefrontal

text: cortices

text: among

text: other

text: regions

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: developmentally

text: significant

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

text: which

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: decision

text: making

text: and

text: cognitive

text: control

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: higher

text: cognitive

text: functions

text: During

text: adolescence

text: myelination

text: and

text: synaptic

text: pruning

text: in

text: the

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

text: increases

text: improving

text: the

text: efficiency

text: of

text: information

text: processing

text: and

text: neural

text: connections

text: between

text: the

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

text: and

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: are

text: strengthened

text: This

text: leads

text: to

text: better

text: evaluation

text: of

text: risks

text: and

text: rewards

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: improved

text: control

text: over

text: impulses

text: Specifically

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: dorsolateral

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

text: are

text: important

text: for

text: controlling

text: impulses

text: and

text: planning

text: ahead

text: while

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: ventromedial

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

text: is

text: important

text: for

text: decision

text: making

text: Changes

text: in

text: the

text: orbitofrontal

text: cortex

text: are

text: important

text: for

text: evaluating

text: rewards

text: and

text: risks

question: Which part of the brain is involved in decision making and cognitive control?

answer: prefrontal cortex

text: prefrontal cortex

question: Which area of the brain is important for controlling impulses and planning ahead?

answer: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

text: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

question: Which part of the brain is important for evaluating rewards and risks?

answer: orbitofrontal cortex

text: orbitofrontal cortex

question: Which are the first areas to be pruned during puberty?

answer: those involving primary functions

text: those involving primary functions

question: Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function?

answer: primary

text: primary


text: The ascription of Catalan to the Occitano-Romance branch of Gallo-Romance languages is not shared by all linguists and philologists, particularly among Spanish ones, such as Ramón Menéndez Pidal.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: The

text: ascription

text: of

text: Catalan

text: to

text: the

text: Occitano

text: Romance

text: branch

text: of

text: Gallo

text: Romance

text: languages

text: is

text: not

text: shared

text: by

text: all

text: linguists

text: and

text: philologists

text: particularly

text: among

text: Spanish

text: ones

text: such

text: as

text: Ramón

text: Menéndez

text: Pidal

question: To what branch of Gallo-Romance languages is Catalan attributed?

answer: Occitano-Romance

text: Occitano-Romance

question: Who disagrees with putting Catalan in the Occitano-Romance branch?

answer: linguists

text: linguists

question: What kind of linguists do not like placing Catalan in the Occitano-Romance category?

answer: Spanish ones

text: Spanish ones


text: Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length:

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Whitehead

text: thus

text: sees

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: fulfilling

text: one

text: another

text: He

text: sees

text: entities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: fluent

text: and

text: changing

text: things

text: that

text: yearn

text: for

text: a

text: permanence

text: which

text: only

text: God

text: can

text: provide

text: by

text: taking

text: them

text: into

text: God

text: 's

text: self

text: thereafter

text: changing

text: God

text: and

text: affecting

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: throughout

text: time

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: he

text: sees

text: God

text: as

text: permanent

text: but

text: as

text: deficient

text: in

text: actuality

text: and

text: change

text: alone

text: God

text: is

text: merely

text: eternally

text: unrealized

text: possibilities

text: and

text: requires

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: actualize

text: them

text: God

text: gives

text: creatures

text: permanence

text: while

text: the

text: creatures

text: give

text: God

text: actuality

text: and

text: change

text: Here

text: it

text: is

text: worthwhile

text: to

text: quote

text: Whitehead

text: at

text: length

question: How does Whitehead view the relationship between God an the world?

answer: Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another

text: Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another

question: How does he define entities' need for God?

answer: He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide

text: He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide

question: How dis Whitehead believe God provided permanence to entities?

answer: by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time

text: by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time

question: In what way did Whitehead view God as deficient?

answer: deficient in actuality and change

text: deficient in actuality and change

question: What did Whitehead claim God would be without the world?

answer: merely eternally unrealized possibilities

text: merely eternally unrealized possibilities

question: How does he define entities' lack of God?

question: How dis Whitehead believe God provided impermanence to entities?

question: What did Whitehead claim God would be with the world?

text: eternally unrealized possibilities


text: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Concentrating

text: Solar

text: Power

text: CSP

text: systems

text: use

text: lenses

text: or

text: mirrors

text: and

text: tracking

text: systems

text: to

text: focus

text: a

text: large

text: area

text: of

text: sunlight

text: into

text: a

text: small

text: beam

text: The

text: concentrated

text: heat

text: is

text: then

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: heat

text: source

text: for

text: a

text: conventional

text: power

text: plant

text: A

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: concentrating

text: technologies

text: exists

text: the

text: most

text: developed

text: are

text: the

text: parabolic

text: trough

text: the

text: concentrating

text: linear

text: fresnel

text: reflector

text: the

text: Stirling

text: dish

text: and

text: the

text: solar

text: power

text: tower

text: Various

text: techniques

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: track

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: focus

text: light

text: In

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: systems

text: a

text: working

text: fluid

text: is

text: heated

text: by

text: the

text: concentrated

text: sunlight

text: and

text: is

text: then

text: used

text: for

text: power

text: generation

text: or

text: energy

text: storage

question: In all the different CSP systems, concentrated sunlight is used to heat what?

answer: a working fluid

text: a working fluid

question: What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use?

answer: lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

text: lenses or mirrors and tracking systems

question: What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for?

answer: a heat source for a conventional power plant

text: a heat source for a conventional power plant

question: What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies?

answer: the Stirling dish

text: the Stirling dish

question: What do Concentrating Solar Power technologies have in common?

answer: a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight

text: a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight


text: In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara DioGuardi, was introduced. This was also the first season without executive producer Nigel Lythgoe who left to focus on the international versions of his show So You Think You Can Dance. The Hollywood round was moved to the Kodak Theatre for 2009 and was also extended to two weeks. Idol Gives Back was canceled for this season due to the global recession at the time.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: change

text: to

text: the

text: judging

text: panel

text: a

text: fourth

text: judge

text: Kara

text: DioGuardi

text: was

text: introduced

text: This

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: without

text: executive

text: producer

text: Nigel

text: Lythgoe

text: who

text: left

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: international

text: versions

text: of

text: his

text: show

text: So

text: You

text: Think

text: You

text: Can

text: Dance

text: The

text: Hollywood

text: round

text: was

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: Kodak

text: Theatre

text: for

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: extended

text: to

text: two

text: weeks

text: Idol

text: Gives

text: Back

text: was

text: canceled

text: for

text: this

text: season

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: global

text: recession

text: at

text: the

text: time

question: Who was brought in as a new judge during American Idols eighth season?

answer: Kara DioGuardi

text: Kara DioGuardi

question: How long did the Hollywood round air for in season eight of American Idol?

answer: two weeks

text: two weeks

question: What show did Nigel Lythgoe leave American Idol to produce?

answer: So You Think You Can Dance

text: So You Think You Can Dance

question: What venue hosted the Hollywood round on American Idol for the first time in 2009?

answer: the Kodak Theatre

text: the Kodak Theatre

question: Why did American Idol choose not to have its Idol Gives Back special in 2009?

answer: the global recession

text: the global recession

question: How many judges were on the panel for this season?

answer: four

text: four

question: Which judge joined the panel?

answer: Kara DioGuardi

text: Kara DioGuardi

question: Nigel Lythgoe quit the show to focus on what other show?

answer: So You Think You Can Dance

text: So You Think You Can Dance

question: Where was the Hollywood round moved to?

answer: Kodak Theatre

text: Kodak Theatre

question: What was canceled for this year of Idol?

answer: Idol Gives Back

text: Idol Gives Back


text: There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The Southampton City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best known and as well as a nationally important Designated Collection, houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions. The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University as well as smaller galleries including the Art House in Above Bar Street provide a different view. The city's Bargate is also an art gallery run by the arts organisation "a space". A space also run the Art Vaults project, which creatively uses several of Southampton's medieval vaults, halls and cellars as venues for contemporary art installations.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: innovative

text: art

text: galleries

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Southampton

text: City

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: at

text: the

text: Civic

text: Centre

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: and

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: nationally

text: important

text: Designated

text: Collection

text: houses

text: several

text: permanent

text: and

text: travelling

text: exhibitions

text: The

text: Millais

text: Gallery

text: at

text: Southampton

text: Solent

text: University

text: the

text: John

text: Hansard

text: Gallery

text: at

text: Southampton

text: University

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: smaller

text: galleries

text: including

text: the

text: Art

text: House

text: in

text: Above

text: Bar

text: Street

text: provide

text: a

text: different

text: view

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: Bargate

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: art

text: gallery

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: arts

text: organisation

text: a

text: space

text: A

text: space

text: also

text: run

text: the

text: Art

text: Vaults

text: project

text: which

text: creatively

text: uses

text: several

text: of

text: Southampton

text: 's

text: medieval

text: vaults

text: halls

text: and

text: cellars

text: as

text: venues

text: for

text: contemporary

text: art

text: installations

question: What gallery in Southampton houses a Designated Collection?

answer: The Southampton City Art Gallery

text: The Southampton City Art Gallery

question: What's the all-lowercase named arts organization in charge of the art gallery in Southampton's Bargate?

answer: a space

text: a space

question: What project, also run by a space, showcases art in Southampton's medieval buildings?

answer: Art Vaults

text: Art Vaults

question: What art gallery is a part of Southampton Solent University?

answer: The Millais Gallery

text: The Millais Gallery


text: On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: On

text: January

text: two

text: French

text: Muslim

text: extremists

text: attacked

text: the

text: Paris

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Charlie

text: Hebdo

text: and

text: killed

text: thirteen

text: people

text: and

text: on

text: January

text: a

text: third

text: terrorist

text: killed

text: four

text: hostages

text: during

text: an

text: attack

text: at

text: a

text: Jewish

text: grocery

text: store

text: at

text: Porte

text: de

text: Vincennes

text: On

text: January

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: marched

text: in

text: Paris

text: along

text: with

text: international

text: political

text: leaders

text: to

text: show

text: solidarity

text: against

text: terrorism

text: and

text: in

text: defence

text: of

text: freedom

text: of

text: speech

text: Ten

text: months

text: later

text: November

text: came

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: coordinated

text: terrorist

text: attacks

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: Islamic

text: state

text: organisation

text: ISIL

text: Daesh

text: ISIS

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: by

text: gunfire

text: and

text: bombs

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: were

text: injured

text: Seven

text: of

text: the

text: attackers

text: killed

text: themselves

text: and

text: others

text: by

text: setting

text: off

text: their

text: explosive

text: vests

text: On

text: the

text: morning

text: of

text: November

text: three

text: suspected

text: terrorists

text: including

text: alleged

text: planner

text: of

text: the

text: attacks

text: Abdelhamid

text: Abaaoud

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: a

text: shootout

text: with

text: police

text: in

text: the

text: Paris

text: suburb

text: of

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: President

text: Hollande

text: declared

text: France

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: a

text: three

text: month

text: state

text: of

text: emergency

question: On what date did two Muslim extremists attack Charlie Hebdo?

answer: 7 January 2015

text: 7 January 2015

question: How many people were killed at the Charlie Hebdo attack?

answer: thirteen

text: thirteen

question: How many people marched on January 11 against terrorism?

answer: 1.5 million

text: 1.5 million

question: Which Islamic organisation took responsibility for the attacks?

answer: ISIL

text: ISIL

question: How did the attackers kill themselves?

answer: setting off their explosive vests

text: setting off their explosive vests


text: The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts."

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: The

text: economist

text: F.

text: A.

text: Hayek

text: analyzed

text: how

text: the

text: Rule

text: of

text: Law

text: might

text: be

text: beneficial

text: to

text: the

text: free

text: market

text: Hayek

text: proposed

text: that

text: under

text: the

text: Rule

text: of

text: Law

text: individuals

text: would

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: make

text: wise

text: investments

text: and

text: future

text: plans

text: with

text: some

text: confidence

text: in

text: a

text: successful

text: return

text: on

text: investment

text: when

text: he

text: stated

text: under

text: the

text: Rule

text: of

text: Law

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: prevented

text: from

text: stultifying

text: individual

text: efforts

text: by

text: ad

text: hoc

text: action

text: Within

text: the

text: known

text: rules

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: the

text: individual

text: is

text: free

text: to

text: pursue

text: his

text: personal

text: ends

text: and

text: desires

text: certain

text: that

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: government

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: deliberately

text: to

text: frustrate

text: his

text: efforts

question: What is F.A. Hayek's profession?

answer: economist

text: economist

question: According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments?

answer: confidence in a successful return on investment

text: confidence in a successful return on investment

question: According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people?

answer: frustrate his efforts

text: frustrate his efforts

question: According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law?

answer: pursue his personal ends and desires

text: pursue his personal ends and desires

question: Who studied how the rule of law might hurt free market?

text: F. A. Hayek

question: Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle?

text: individual efforts

question: Hooters rule of law key from pursuing personal ends and desires?

text: the individual


text: Another Alaskan transportation method is the dogsled. In modern times (that is, any time after the mid-late 1920s), dog mushing is more of a sport than a true means of transportation. Various races are held around the state, but the best known is the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, a 1,150-mile (1,850 km) trail from Anchorage to Nome (although the distance varies from year to year, the official distance is set at 1,049 miles or 1,688 km). The race commemorates the famous 1925 serum run to Nome in which mushers and dogs like Togo and Balto took much-needed medicine to the diphtheria-stricken community of Nome when all other means of transportation had failed. Mushers from all over the world come to Anchorage each March to compete for cash, prizes, and prestige. The "Serum Run" is another sled dog race that more accurately follows the route of the famous 1925 relay, leaving from the community of Nenana (southwest of Fairbanks) to Nome.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Another

text: Alaskan

text: transportation

text: method

text: is

text: the

text: dogsled

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: that

text: is

text: any

text: time

text: after

text: the

text: mid

text: late

text: dog

text: mushing

text: is

text: more

text: of

text: a

text: sport

text: than

text: a

text: true

text: means

text: of

text: transportation

text: Various

text: races

text: are

text: held

text: around

text: the

text: state

text: but

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: is

text: the

text: Iditarod

text: Trail

text: Sled

text: Dog

text: Race

text: a

text: km

text: trail

text: from

text: Anchorage

text: to

text: Nome

text: although

text: the

text: distance

text: varies

text: from

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: the

text: official

text: distance

text: is

text: set

text: at

text: miles

text: or

text: km

text: The

text: race

text: commemorates

text: the

text: famous

text: serum

text: run

text: to

text: Nome

text: in

text: which

text: mushers

text: and

text: dogs

text: like

text: Togo

text: and

text: Balto

text: took

text: much

text: needed

text: medicine

text: to

text: the

text: diphtheria

text: stricken

text: community

text: of

text: Nome

text: when

text: all

text: other

text: means

text: of

text: transportation

text: had

text: failed

text: Mushers

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: come

text: to

text: Anchorage

text: each

text: March

text: to

text: compete

text: for

text: cash

text: prizes

text: and

text: prestige

text: The

text: Serum

text: Run

text: is

text: another

text: sled

text: dog

text: race

text: that

text: more

text: accurately

text: follows

text: the

text: route

text: of

text: the

text: famous

text: relay

text: leaving

text: from

text: the

text: community

text: of

text: Nenana

text: southwest

text: of

text: Fairbanks

text: to

text: Nome

question: Which Alaskan way of transport is more for sport than for transportation?

answer: dogsled

text: dogsled

question: Which dog-sled race in Alaska is the most famous?

answer: Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race

text: Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race

question: What does the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race commemorate in Alaskan history?

answer: the famous 1925 serum run to Nome

text: the famous 1925 serum run to Nome

question: Why were sled-dogs used to deliver medicine to Nome in 1925?

answer: all other means of transportation had failed

text: all other means of transportation had failed

question: Which dogsled race most accurately follows the route of the 1925 serum run?

answer: "Serum Run"

text: "Serum Run"

question: Which Alaskan way of transport is less for sport than for transportation?

text: dogsled

question: Which Alaskan way of transport isn't more for sport than for transportation?

text: dogsled

question: Which dog-sled race in Alaska is the least famous?

text: Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race

question: What doesn't the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race commemorate in Alaskan history?

text: the famous 1925 serum run to Nome

question: Why were sled-dogs used to deliver medicine to Nome in 1952?

text: Serum Run


text: The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached that one was not a member of his or her city, but was either a citizen of the City of God (Civitas Dei) or the City of Man (Civitas Terrena). Augustine's City of God is an influential work of this period that attacked the thesis, held by many Christian Romans, that the Christian view could be realized on Earth.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: The

text: early

text: Christian

text: philosophy

text: of

text: Augustine

text: of

text: Hippo

text: was

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: Plato

text: A

text: key

text: change

text: brought

text: about

text: by

text: Christian

text: thought

text: was

text: the

text: moderatation

text: of

text: the

text: Stoicism

text: and

text: theory

text: of

text: justice

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: world

text: as

text: well

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: applying

text: mercy

text: as

text: a

text: moral

text: example

text: Augustine

text: also

text: preached

text: that

text: one

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: city

text: but

text: was

text: either

text: a

text: citizen

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: God

text: Civitas

text: Dei

text: or

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Man

text: Civitas

text: Terrena

text: Augustine

text: 's

text: City

text: of

text: God

text: is

text: an

text: influential

text: work

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: that

text: attacked

text: the

text: thesis

text: held

text: by

text: many

text: Christian

text: Romans

text: that

text: the

text: Christian

text: view

text: could

text: be

text: realized

text: on

text: Earth

question: Who heavily influenced the early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo?

answer: Plato

text: Plato

question: What was a key change brought about by Christian thought?

answer: the moderatation of the Stoicism

text: the moderatation of the Stoicism

question: Who also preached that one was not a member of his or her city?

answer: Augustine

text: Augustine

question: What does Civitas terrena mean?

answer: City of Man

text: City of Man

question: What does Civitas Dei mean?

answer: City of God

text: City of God

question: Who influenced the Christian philosophy of Hippo of Augustine?

text: Plato

question: What philosophy modernized Christian thought?

text: Stoicism

question: What mean city of mankind?

text: Civitas Terrena

question: What Christian belief was challenged by Augustine's city of man?

question: Who taught that one was a member of their city?

text: Augustine

question: Who influenced Terrena's view of the moderation of the Stoicism?

text: Plato

question: What was one change brought about by Augustine?

question: What did Plato mention people were a member of?

question: What does Hippo's view attack regarding what Christians believed?

question: What is one thing that Plato changed in the Roman world?


text: Founded by Dantidurga around 753, the Rashtrakuta Empire ruled from its capital at Manyakheta for almost two centuries. At its peak, the Rashtrakutas ruled from the Ganges River and Yamuna River doab in the north to Cape Comorin in the south, a fruitful time of political expansion, architectural achievements and famous literary contributions.[citation needed] The early kings of this dynasty were Hindu but the later kings were strongly influenced by Jainism. Govinda III and Amoghavarsha were the most famous of the long line of able administrators produced by the dynasty. Amoghavarsha, who ruled for 64 years, was also an author and wrote Kavirajamarga, the earliest known Kannada work on poetics. Architecture reached a milestone in the Dravidian style, the finest example of which is seen in the Kailasanath Temple at Ellora. Other important contributions are the sculptures of Elephanta Caves in modern Maharashtra as well as the Kashivishvanatha temple and the Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal in modern Karnataka, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Arab traveler Suleiman described the Rashtrakuta Empire as one of the four great Empires of the world. The Rashtrakuta period marked the beginning of the golden age of southern Indian mathematics. The great south Indian mathematician Mahāvīra (mathematician) lived in the Rashtrakuta Empire and his text had a huge impact on the medieval south Indian mathematicians who lived after him. The Rashtrakuta rulers also patronised men of letters, who wrote in a variety of languages from Sanskrit to the Apabhraṃśas.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Founded

text: by

text: Dantidurga

text: around

text: the

text: Rashtrakuta

text: Empire

text: ruled

text: from

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: Manyakheta

text: for

text: almost

text: two

text: centuries

text: At

text: its

text: peak

text: the

text: Rashtrakutas

text: ruled

text: from

text: the

text: Ganges

text: River

text: and

text: Yamuna

text: River

text: doab

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: Cape

text: Comorin

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: a

text: fruitful

text: time

text: of

text: political

text: expansion

text: architectural

text: achievements

text: and

text: famous

text: literary

text: contributions.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: early

text: kings

text: of

text: this

text: dynasty

text: were

text: Hindu

text: but

text: the

text: later

text: kings

text: were

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Jainism

text: Govinda

text: III

text: and

text: Amoghavarsha

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: of

text: the

text: long

text: line

text: of

text: able

text: administrators

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: dynasty

text: Amoghavarsha

text: who

text: ruled

text: for

text: years

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: author

text: and

text: wrote

text: Kavirajamarga

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: Kannada

text: work

text: on

text: poetics

text: Architecture

text: reached

text: a

text: milestone

text: in

text: the

text: Dravidian

text: style

text: the

text: finest

text: example

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: Kailasanath

text: Temple

text: at

text: Ellora

text: Other

text: important

text: contributions

text: are

text: the

text: sculptures

text: of

text: Elephanta

text: Caves

text: in

text: modern

text: Maharashtra

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Kashivishvanatha

text: temple

text: and

text: the

text: Jain

text: Narayana

text: temple

text: at

text: Pattadakal

text: in

text: modern

text: Karnataka

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Sites

text: The

text: Arab

text: traveler

text: Suleiman

text: described

text: the

text: Rashtrakuta

text: Empire

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: great

text: Empires

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Rashtrakuta

text: period

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: golden

text: age

text: of

text: southern

text: Indian

text: mathematics

text: The

text: great

text: south

text: Indian

text: mathematician

text: Mahāvīra

text: mathematician

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Rashtrakuta

text: Empire

text: and

text: his

text: text

text: had

text: a

text: huge

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: medieval

text: south

text: Indian

text: mathematicians

text: who

text: lived

text: after

text: him

text: The

text: Rashtrakuta

text: rulers

text: also

text: patronised

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: who

text: wrote

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: languages

text: from

text: Sanskrit

text: to

text: the

text: Apabhraṃśas

question: When was the Rastrakuta Empire started?

answer: 753

question: In what location was the capital of the Rashtrakuta Empire?

answer: Manyakheta

text: Manyakheta

question: What was the faith of the early rulers of the Rastrakuta Empire?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu

question: By what were the later kings of the Rastrakuta Empire influenced?

answer: Jainism

text: Jainism

question: What Rastrakuta king ruler for 64 years?

answer: Amoghavarsha

text: Amoghavarsha


text: Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun. He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an ageing readership. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were mostly selected for their availability rather than their ability.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: Murdoch

text: found

text: he

text: had

text: such

text: a

text: rapport

text: with

text: Larry

text: Lamb

text: over

text: lunch

text: that

text: other

text: potential

text: recruits

text: as

text: editor

text: were

text: not

text: interviewed

text: and

text: Lamb

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: editor

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Sun

text: He

text: was

text: scathing

text: in

text: his

text: opinion

text: of

text: the

text: Mirror

text: where

text: he

text: had

text: recently

text: been

text: employed

text: as

text: a

text: senior

text: sub

text: editor

text: and

text: shared

text: Murdoch

text: 's

text: view

text: that

text: a

text: paper

text: 's

text: quality

text: was

text: best

text: measured

text: by

text: its

text: sales

text: and

text: he

text: regarded

text: the

text: Mirror

text: as

text: overstaffed

text: and

text: primarily

text: aimed

text: at

text: an

text: ageing

text: readership

text: Lamb

text: hastily

text: recruited

text: a

text: staff

text: of

text: about

text: reporters

text: who

text: were

text: mostly

text: selected

text: for

text: their

text: availability

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: ability

question: What position did Larry Lamb take with the Sun?

answer: editor

text: editor

question: What type of view did Lamb have of the Mirror?

answer: scathing

text: scathing

question: What did Lamb and Murdoch believe to be the best indicator of newspaper quality?

answer: its sales

text: its sales

question: What position did Lamb formerly hold at the Mirror?

answer: senior sub-editor

text: senior sub-editor

question: How many reporters did Lamb hire for the Mirror's initial staff?

answer: about 125

text: about 125


text: Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms of their power consumption, expressed in watts, proliferation of lighting technology beyond the incandescent light bulb has eliminated the correspondence of wattage to the amount of light produced. For example, a 60 W incandescent light bulb produces about the same amount of light as a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp. Each of these technologies has a different efficacy in converting electrical energy to visible light. Visible light output is typically measured in lumens. This unit only quantifies the visible radiation, and excludes invisible infrared and ultraviolet light. A wax candle produces on the close order of 13 lumens, a 60 watt incandescent lamp makes around 700 lumens, and a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produces about 800 lumens, but actual output varies by specific design. Rating and marketing emphasis is shifting away from wattage and towards lumen output, to give the purchaser a directly applicable basis upon which to select a lamp.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Commonly

text: called

text: light

text: bulbs

text: lamps

text: are

text: the

text: removable

text: and

text: replaceable

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: light

text: fixture

text: which

text: converts

text: electrical

text: energy

text: into

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: While

text: lamps

text: have

text: traditionally

text: been

text: rated

text: and

text: marketed

text: primarily

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: power

text: consumption

text: expressed

text: in

text: watts

text: proliferation

text: of

text: lighting

text: technology

text: beyond

text: the

text: incandescent

text: light

text: bulb

text: has

text: eliminated

text: the

text: correspondence

text: of

text: wattage

text: to

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: light

text: produced

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: W

text: incandescent

text: light

text: bulb

text: produces

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: amount

text: of

text: light

text: as

text: a

text: W

text: compact

text: fluorescent

text: lamp

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: technologies

text: has

text: a

text: different

text: efficacy

text: in

text: converting

text: electrical

text: energy

text: to

text: visible

text: light

text: Visible

text: light

text: output

text: is

text: typically

text: measured

text: in

text: lumens

text: This

text: unit

text: only

text: quantifies

text: the

text: visible

text: radiation

text: and

text: excludes

text: invisible

text: infrared

text: and

text: ultraviolet

text: light

text: A

text: wax

text: candle

text: produces

text: on

text: the

text: close

text: order

text: of

text: lumens

text: a

text: watt

text: incandescent

text: lamp

text: makes

text: around

text: lumens

text: and

text: a

text: compact

text: fluorescent

text: lamp

text: produces

text: about

text: lumens

text: but

text: actual

text: output

text: varies

text: by

text: specific

text: design

text: Rating

text: and

text: marketing

text: emphasis

text: is

text: shifting

text: away

text: from

text: wattage

text: and

text: towards

text: lumen

text: output

text: to

text: give

text: the

text: purchaser

text: a

text: directly

text: applicable

text: basis

text: upon

text: which

text: to

text: select

text: a

text: lamp

question: What is the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture?

answer: light bulbs

text: light bulbs

question: What does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation?

answer: electrical energy

text: electrical energy

question: Huge much light does a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp produce equivalent to a incandescent light bulb.

answer: 60 w

text: 60 w

question: How many lemuns does a 15 watt fluorescent lamp produce?

answer: 800 lumens

text: 800 lumens


text: In 1926 Joseph P. Maxwell and Henry C. Harrison from Bell Telephone Laboratories disclosed that the recording pattern of the Western Electric "rubber line" magnetic disc cutter had a constant velocity characteristic. This meant that as frequency increased in the treble, recording amplitude decreased. Conversely, in the bass as frequency decreased, recording amplitude increased. Therefore, it was necessary to attenuate the bass frequencies below about 250 Hz, the bass turnover point, in the amplified microphone signal fed to the recording head. Otherwise, bass modulation became excessive and overcutting took place into the next record groove. When played back electrically with a magnetic pickup having a smooth response in the bass region, a complementary boost in amplitude at the bass turnover point was necessary. G. H. Miller in 1934 reported that when complementary boost at the turnover point was used in radio broadcasts of records, the reproduction was more realistic and many of the musical instruments stood out in their true form.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: In

text: Joseph

text: P.

text: Maxwell

text: and

text: Henry

text: C.

text: Harrison

text: from

text: Bell

text: Telephone

text: Laboratories

text: disclosed

text: that

text: the

text: recording

text: pattern

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Electric

text: rubber

text: line

text: magnetic

text: disc

text: cutter

text: had

text: a

text: constant

text: velocity

text: characteristic

text: This

text: meant

text: that

text: as

text: frequency

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: treble

text: recording

text: amplitude

text: decreased

text: Conversely

text: in

text: the

text: bass

text: as

text: frequency

text: decreased

text: recording

text: amplitude

text: increased

text: Therefore

text: it

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: attenuate

text: the

text: bass

text: frequencies

text: below

text: about

text: Hz

text: the

text: bass

text: turnover

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: amplified

text: microphone

text: signal

text: fed

text: to

text: the

text: recording

text: head

text: Otherwise

text: bass

text: modulation

text: became

text: excessive

text: and

text: overcutting

text: took

text: place

text: into

text: the

text: next

text: record

text: groove

text: When

text: played

text: back

text: electrically

text: with

text: a

text: magnetic

text: pickup

text: having

text: a

text: smooth

text: response

text: in

text: the

text: bass

text: region

text: a

text: complementary

text: boost

text: in

text: amplitude

text: at

text: the

text: bass

text: turnover

text: point

text: was

text: necessary

text: G.

text: H.

text: Miller

text: in

text: reported

text: that

text: when

text: complementary

text: boost

text: at

text: the

text: turnover

text: point

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: radio

text: broadcasts

text: of

text: records

text: the

text: reproduction

text: was

text: more

text: realistic

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: musical

text: instruments

text: stood

text: out

text: in

text: their

text: true

text: form

question: Whom found that they can make musical instruments sound more natural with an amplifier boost at the turnover point?

answer: G. H. Miller

text: G. H. Miller

question: What is found when a complementary boost is used at the bass turnover point?

answer: reproduction was more realistic

text: reproduction was more realistic

question: When frequency in the treble increases what happens to the recording amplitude?

answer: recording amplitude decreased

text: recording amplitude decreased

question: What happens when frequency decreases in the bass?

answer: recording amplitude increased

text: recording amplitude increased


text: With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: With

text: the

text: wealth

text: brought

text: on

text: by

text: the

text: gold

text: rush

text: following

text: closely

text: on

text: the

text: heels

text: of

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Victoria

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: colony

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: need

text: for

text: public

text: buildings

text: a

text: program

text: of

text: grand

text: civic

text: construction

text: soon

text: began

text: The

text: and

text: saw

text: the

text: commencement

text: of

text: Parliament

text: House

text: the

text: Treasury

text: Building

text: the

text: Old

text: Melbourne

text: Gaol

text: Victoria

text: Barracks

text: the

text: State

text: Library

text: University

text: General

text: Post

text: Office

text: Customs

text: House

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Town

text: Hall

text: St

text: Patrick

text: 's

text: cathedral

text: though

text: many

text: remained

text: uncompleted

text: for

text: decades

text: with

text: some

text: still

text: not

text: finished

question: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed?

answer: public buildings

text: public buildings

question: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?

answer: 1850s and 1860s

text: 1850s and 1860s

question: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event?

answer: gold rush

text: gold rush


text: The last regular election of the City Parliament was held on 25 November 2012 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur, French: la législature) from 2013 to 2016. Currently the City Parliament consist of 23 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), 11 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 Green Alliance of Berne (GB), 8 Grüne Freie Liste (GFL) (Green Free List), 7 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 7 Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD), 7 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), 2 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 2 Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV), 1 Junge Alternative (JA!) (or Young Alternatives), 1 Grüne Partei Bern - Demokratische Alternative (GPB-DA) (or Green Party Bern - Democratic Alternative), 1 Swiss Party of Labour (PdA), 1 Alternative Linke Bern (AL) and finally one independent. The following parties combine their parliamentary power in parliamentary groups (German: Fraktion(en)): Independent and AL and GPB-DA and PdA (4), SP (23), GB and JA! (9), GFL and EVP (10), GLP (7), BDP and CVP (9), FDP (7), and SVP (11). This gives the left parties an absolute majority of 46 seats.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: last

text: regular

text: election

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Parliament

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: November

text: for

text: the

text: mandate

text: period

text: German

text: Legislatur

text: French

text: la

text: législature

text: from

text: to

text: Currently

text: the

text: City

text: Parliament

text: consist

text: of

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: SP

text: PS

text: Swiss

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: SVP

text: UDC

text: Green

text: Alliance

text: of

text: Berne

text: GB

text: Grüne

text: Freie

text: Liste

text: GFL

text: Green

text: Free

text: List

text: The

text: Liberals

text: FDP

text: PLR

text: Conservative

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: BDP

text: PBD

text: Green

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: GLP

text: PVL

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: CVP

text: PDC

text: Evangelical

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: EVP

text: PEV

text: Junge

text: Alternative

text: JA

text: or

text: Young

text: Alternatives

text: Grüne

text: Partei

text: Bern

text: Demokratische

text: Alternative

text: GPB

text: DA

text: or

text: Green

text: Party

text: Bern

text: Democratic

text: Alternative

text: Swiss

text: Party

text: of

text: Labour

text: PdA

text: Alternative

text: Linke

text: Bern

text: AL

text: and

text: finally

text: one

text: independent

text: The

text: following

text: parties

text: combine

text: their

text: parliamentary

text: power

text: in

text: parliamentary

text: groups

text: German

text: Fraktion(en

text: Independent

text: and

text: AL

text: and

text: GPB

text: DA

text: and

text: PdA

text: SP

text: GB

text: and

text: JA

text: GFL

text: and

text: EVP

text: GLP

text: BDP

text: and

text: CVP

text: FDP

text: and

text: SVP

text: This

text: gives

text: the

text: left

text: parties

text: an

text: absolute

text: majority

text: of

text: seats

question: Which party has the absolute majority of the seats?

answer: left parties

text: left parties

question: How many seats are there?

answer: 46

question: Which specific party has the most members in the City Parliament?

answer: Social Democratic Party

text: Social Democratic Party


text: During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: Paris

text: was

text: the

text: home

text: and

text: subject

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: greatest

text: writers

text: including

text: Charles

text: Baudelaire

text: Stéphane

text: Mallarmé

text: Mérimée

text: Alfred

text: de

text: Musset

text: Marcel

text: Proust

text: Émile

text: Zola

text: Alexandre

text: Dumas

text: Gustave

text: Flaubert

text: Guy

text: de

text: Maupassant

text: and

text: Honoré

text: de

text: Balzac

text: Victor

text: Hugo

text: 's

text: The

text: Hunchback

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: inspired

text: the

text: renovation

text: of

text: its

text: setting

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: de

text: Paris

text: Another

text: of

text: Victor

text: Hugo

text: 's

text: works

text: Les

text: Misérables

text: written

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: exile

text: outside

text: France

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Empire

text: described

text: the

text: social

text: change

text: and

text: political

text: turmoil

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: of

text: all

text: French

text: writers

text: Jules

text: Verne

text: worked

text: at

text: the

text: Theatre

text: Lyrique

text: and

text: the

text: Paris

text: stock

text: exchange

text: while

text: he

text: did

text: research

text: for

text: his

text: stories

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Library

question: What book inspired the renovation of Notre Dame?

answer: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

question: Who wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame?

answer: Victor Hugo

text: Victor Hugo

question: During what period of time was Victor Hugo exiled from France?

answer: Second Empire

text: Second Empire

question: Where did Jules Verne work during the day?

answer: Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange

text: Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange

question: Where did Jules Verne do research for his stories?

answer: National Library

text: National Library


text: Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the Kreuz-Church-Quarter around the Kreuz Church with many nice little lanes. Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre. On the edge of the Old Town are the Market Hall, the Leine Palace, and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the Marstall Gate you arrive at the bank of the river Leine, where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located. They are part of the Mile of Sculptures, which starts from Trammplatz, leads along the river bank, crosses Königsworther Square, and ends at the entrance of the Georgengarten. Near the Old Town is the district of Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic Basilica Minor of St. Clemens, the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis are located.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: Another

text: point

text: of

text: interest

text: is

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: In

text: the

text: centre

text: are

text: the

text: large

text: Marktkirche

text: Church

text: St.

text: Georgii

text: et

text: Jacobi

text: preaching

text: venue

text: of

text: the

text: bishop

text: of

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: Landeskirche

text: Hannovers

text: and

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: Hall

text: Nearby

text: are

text: the

text: Leibniz

text: House

text: the

text: Nolte

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: Beguine

text: Tower

text: A

text: very

text: nice

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: is

text: the

text: Kreuz

text: Church

text: Quarter

text: around

text: the

text: Kreuz

text: Church

text: with

text: many

text: nice

text: little

text: lanes

text: Nearby

text: is

text: the

text: old

text: royal

text: sports

text: hall

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: Ballhof

text: theatre

text: On

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: are

text: the

text: Market

text: Hall

text: the

text: Leine

text: Palace

text: and

text: the

text: ruin

text: of

text: the

text: Aegidien

text: Church

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: a

text: monument

text: to

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: violence

text: Through

text: the

text: Marstall

text: Gate

text: you

text: arrive

text: at

text: the

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Leine

text: where

text: the

text: world

text: famous

text: Nanas

text: of

text: Niki

text: de

text: Saint

text: Phalle

text: are

text: located

text: They

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Mile

text: of

text: Sculptures

text: which

text: starts

text: from

text: Trammplatz

text: leads

text: along

text: the

text: river

text: bank

text: crosses

text: Königsworther

text: Square

text: and

text: ends

text: at

text: the

text: entrance

text: of

text: the

text: Georgengarten

text: Near

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: is

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Calenberger

text: Neustadt

text: where

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Basilica

text: Minor

text: of

text: St.

text: Clemens

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: Neustädter

text: Hof-

text: und

text: Stadtkirche

text: St.

text: Johannis

text: are

text: located

question: Where are the large Martkirche located?

answer: Old Town

text: Old Town

question: What is the old royal sports hall now called?

answer: Ballhof theatre

text: Ballhof theatre

question: What is the name of the momument to the victims of war and violence?

answer: Aegidien Church

text: Aegidien Church

question: What world famous landmark is located on the bank of the Leine?

answer: Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle

text: Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle

question: Where does the Mile of Sculptures start?

answer: Trammplatz

text: Trammplatz

question: What is located in the New Town center?

text: the large Marktkirche

question: What is the old Ballhof theater called?

text: royal sports hall

question: What church was built as a monument to victims of war and violence?

text: Aegidien Church

question: What starts at the Trammplatz and stops at the river bank?

text: the Mile of Sculptures

question: What district is near the new town?

text: district of Calenberger Neustadt


text: Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin around the eastern Pyrenees in the 9th century. During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean. The union of Aragon with the other territories of Spain in 1479 marked the start of the decline of the language. In 1659 Spain ceded Northern Catalonia to France, and Catalan was banned in both states in the early 18th century. 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, which culminated in the 1913 orthographic standardization, and the officialization of the language during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–39). However, the Francoist dictatorship (1939–75) banned the language again.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Catalan

text: evolved

text: from

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: around

text: the

text: eastern

text: Pyrenees

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: During

text: the

text: Low

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: it

text: saw

text: a

text: golden

text: age

text: as

text: the

text: literary

text: and

text: dominant

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: and

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: The

text: union

text: of

text: Aragon

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: territories

text: of

text: Spain

text: in

text: marked

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: In

text: Spain

text: ceded

text: Northern

text: Catalonia

text: to

text: France

text: and

text: Catalan

text: was

text: banned

text: in

text: both

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: century

text: Spain

text: saw

text: a

text: Catalan

text: literary

text: revival

text: which

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: orthographic

text: standardization

text: and

text: the

text: officialization

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Spanish

text: Republic

text: However

text: the

text: Francoist

text: dictatorship

text: banned

text: the

text: language

text: again

question: From what language did Catalan come?

answer: Vulgar Latin

text: Vulgar Latin

question: In what area did Catalan develop?

answer: eastern Pyrenees

text: eastern Pyrenees

question: When did Catalan develop in the Eastern Pyrenees?

answer: 9th century

text: 9th century

question: When was Catalan's Golden Age as a dominant language?

answer: Low Middle Ages

text: Low Middle Ages

question: What year started the decline of Catalan as a main language?

answer: 1479


text: Soon after, a Russian cavalry movement was countered by the Heavy Brigade, who charged and fought hand-to-hand until the Russians retreated. This caused a more widespread Russian retreat, including a number of their artillery units. When the local commanders failed to take advantage of the retreat, Lord Raglan sent out orders to move up. The local commanders ignored the demands, leading to the British aide-de-camp personally delivering a quickly written and confusing order to attack the artillery. When the Earl of Cardigan questioned what they referred to, the aide-de-camp pointed to the first Russian battery he could see – the wrong one.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Soon

text: after

text: a

text: Russian

text: cavalry

text: movement

text: was

text: countered

text: by

text: the

text: Heavy

text: Brigade

text: who

text: charged

text: and

text: fought

text: hand

text: to

text: hand

text: until

text: the

text: Russians

text: retreated

text: This

text: caused

text: a

text: more

text: widespread

text: Russian

text: retreat

text: including

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: their

text: artillery

text: units

text: When

text: the

text: local

text: commanders

text: failed

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: retreat

text: Lord

text: Raglan

text: sent

text: out

text: orders

text: to

text: move

text: up

text: The

text: local

text: commanders

text: ignored

text: the

text: demands

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: aide

text: de

text: camp

text: personally

text: delivering

text: a

text: quickly

text: written

text: and

text: confusing

text: order

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: artillery

text: When

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Cardigan

text: questioned

text: what

text: they

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: aide

text: de

text: camp

text: pointed

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: Russian

text: battery

text: he

text: could

text: see

text: the

text: wrong

text: one

question: Who countered the Russian cavalry's movement?

answer: Heavy Brigade

text: Heavy Brigade

question: Who failed to take advantage of the retreat?

answer: local commanders

text: local commanders

question: Who sent the order to have them advance their position?

answer: Lord Raglan

text: Lord Raglan

question: Who ignored Lord Raglan's advice to advance?

answer: The local commanders

text: The local commanders


text: The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic Period. The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding plates causing the formation of mountain ranges called the Alpide belt, from Gibraltar through the Himalayas to Indonesia—a process that began at the end of the Mesozoic and continues into the present. The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates that began in the late Cretaceous Period.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Alpine

text: orogeny

text: was

text: an

text: episodic

text: process

text: that

text: began

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: In

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: the

text: Pangaean

text: supercontinent

text: consisted

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: tectonic

text: plate

text: it

text: broke

text: into

text: separate

text: plates

text: during

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text: Era

text: and

text: the

text: Tethys

text: sea

text: developed

text: between

text: Laurasia

text: and

text: Gondwana

text: during

text: the

text: Jurassic

text: Period

text: The

text: Tethys

text: was

text: later

text: squeezed

text: between

text: colliding

text: plates

text: causing

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: called

text: the

text: Alpide

text: belt

text: from

text: Gibraltar

text: through

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: to

text: Indonesia

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: began

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text: and

text: continues

text: into

text: the

text: present

text: The

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: was

text: a

text: segment

text: of

text: this

text: orogenic

text: process

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: collision

text: between

text: the

text: African

text: and

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: plates

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

question: When did the formation of the alps began?

answer: about 300 million years ago

text: about 300 million years ago

question: What did the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of what during the Paleozoic Era?

answer: a single tectonic plate

text: a single tectonic plate

question: When did the single tectonic plate break into separate plates?

answer: the Mesozoic Era

text: the Mesozoic Era

question: The Tethys sea developed during what period of time?

answer: Jurassic Period

text: Jurassic Period

question: The collision between the African and the Eurasian plates began during what time?

answer: the late Cretaceous Period

text: the late Cretaceous Period


text: From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 members with elections held every four years. The members of parliament select the Prime Minister (who is the head of government) and the Speaker of Parliament. The ministers that form the Cabinet are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: From

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: colony

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: until

text: independence

text: the

text: legislative

text: body

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: the

text: Assembly

text: or

text: Fale

text: I

text: Fono

text: Following

text: independence

text: in

text: October

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: the

text: Assembly

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: or

text: Palamene

text: o

text: Tuvalu

text: The

text: unicameral

text: Parliament

text: has

text: members

text: with

text: elections

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: parliament

text: select

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: Speaker

text: of

text: Parliament

text: The

text: ministers

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

question: When did Tuvalu acquire independence?

answer: October 1978

text: October 1978

question: What was formed in 1974?

answer: British colony of Tuvalu

text: British colony of Tuvalu

question: After independence, what was the Assembly on Tuvalu  named?

answer: Parliament of Tuvalu

text: Parliament of Tuvalu

question: What type of parliament does Tuvalu have?

answer: unicameral

text: unicameral

question: In Tuvalu government, what group elect the Prime Minster?

answer: members of parliament

text: members of parliament


text: The canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010. It consists of the northern access channel of 22 km (14 mi), the canal itself of 162.25 km (100.82 mi) and the southern access channel of 9 km (5.6 mi). The canal is a single lane with passing places in the "Ballah By-Pass" and the Great Bitter Lake. It contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal. In general, the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. The current south of the lakes changes with the tide at Suez.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: The

text: canal

text: is

text: km

text: mi

text: long

text: m

text: ft

text: deep

text: and

text: metres

text: ft

text: wide

text: as

text: of

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: access

text: channel

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: the

text: canal

text: itself

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: access

text: channel

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: The

text: canal

text: is

text: a

text: single

text: lane

text: with

text: passing

text: places

text: in

text: the

text: Ballah

text: By

text: Pass

text: and

text: the

text: Great

text: Bitter

text: Lake

text: It

text: contains

text: no

text: locks

text: seawater

text: flows

text: freely

text: through

text: the

text: canal

text: In

text: general

text: the

text: canal

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Bitter

text: Lakes

text: flows

text: north

text: in

text: winter

text: and

text: south

text: in

text: summer

text: The

text: current

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: lakes

text: changes

text: with

text: the

text: tide

text: at

text: Suez

question: How long is Suez canal?

answer: 193.30 km (120.11 mi)

text: 193.30 km (120.11 mi)

question: How deep is Suez canal?

answer: 24 m (79 ft)

text: 24 m (79 ft)

question: How wide is Suez canal?

answer: 205 metres (673 ft)

text: 205 metres (673 ft)

question: How many locks are contained in Suez Canal?

answer: no locks

text: no locks

question: What direction does the canal north of Bitter lakes flow?

answer: north in winter and south in summer

text: north in winter and south in summer


text: One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir ("Truths of Exegesis") which is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), Daylami (d. 1193), Shirazi (d. 1209) and Suhrawardi (d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of Maybudi (d. 1135) kash al-asrar ("the unveiling of the secrets"). Rumi (d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book Mathnawi. Rumi makes heavy use of the Quran in his poetry, a feature that is sometimes omitted in translations of Rumi's work. A large number of Quranic passages can be found in Mathnawi, which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Rumi's book is not exceptional for containing citations from and elaboration on the Quran, however, Rumi does mention Quran more frequently. Simnani (d. 1336) wrote two influential works of esoteric exegesis on the Quran. He reconciled notions of God's manifestation through and in the physical world with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Comprehensive Sufi commentaries appear in the 18th century such as the work of Ismail Hakki Bursevi (d. 1725). His work ruh al-Bayan (the Spirit of Elucidation) is a voluminous exegesis. Written in Arabic, it combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and Ghazali), all woven together in Hafiz, a Persian poetry form.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: notable

text: authors

text: of

text: esoteric

text: interpretation

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: is

text: Sulami

text: d.

text: without

text: whose

text: work

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: very

text: early

text: Sufi

text: commentaries

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: preserved

text: Sulami

text: 's

text: major

text: commentary

text: is

text: a

text: book

text: named

text: haqaiq

text: al

text: tafsir

text: Truths

text: of

text: Exegesis

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: compilation

text: of

text: commentaries

text: of

text: earlier

text: Sufis

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: several

text: other

text: works

text: appear

text: including

text: commentaries

text: by

text: Qushayri

text: d.

text: Daylami

text: d.

text: Shirazi

text: d.

text: and

text: Suhrawardi

text: d.

text: These

text: works

text: include

text: material

text: from

text: Sulami

text: 's

text: books

text: plus

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: contributions

text: Many

text: works

text: are

text: written

text: in

text: Persian

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Maybudi

text: d.

text: kash

text: al

text: asrar

text: the

text: unveiling

text: of

text: the

text: secrets

text: Rumi

text: d.

text: wrote

text: a

text: vast

text: amount

text: of

text: mystical

text: poetry

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Mathnawi

text: Rumi

text: makes

text: heavy

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: in

text: his

text: poetry

text: a

text: feature

text: that

text: is

text: sometimes

text: omitted

text: in

text: translations

text: of

text: Rumi

text: 's

text: work

text: A

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: Quranic

text: passages

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Mathnawi

text: which

text: some

text: consider

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: Sufi

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: Rumi

text: 's

text: book

text: is

text: not

text: exceptional

text: for

text: containing

text: citations

text: from

text: and

text: elaboration

text: on

text: the

text: Quran

text: however

text: Rumi

text: does

text: mention

text: Quran

text: more

text: frequently

text: Simnani

text: d.

text: wrote

text: two

text: influential

text: works

text: of

text: esoteric

text: exegesis

text: on

text: the

text: Quran

text: He

text: reconciled

text: notions

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: manifestation

text: through

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: physical

text: world

text: with

text: the

text: sentiments

text: of

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: Comprehensive

text: Sufi

text: commentaries

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Ismail

text: Hakki

text: Bursevi

text: d.

text: His

text: work

text: ruh

text: al

text: Bayan

text: the

text: Spirit

text: of

text: Elucidation

text: is

text: a

text: voluminous

text: exegesis

text: Written

text: in

text: Arabic

text: it

text: combines

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: own

text: ideas

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: his

text: predecessors

text: notably

text: Ibn

text: Arabi

text: and

text: Ghazali

text: all

text: woven

text: together

text: in

text: Hafiz

text: a

text: Persian

text: poetry

text: form

question: Who was an important esoteric interpreter of the Quran in the 11th century?

answer: Sulami

text: Sulami

question: What is the English name of Sulami's major work?

answer: Truths of Exegesis

text: Truths of Exegesis

question: In which language did Maybudi write?

answer: Persian

text: Persian

question: In which year did the poet Rumi die?

answer: 1273

question: Which Sufi commentator wrote the Spirit of Elucidation?

answer: Ismail Hakki Bursevi

text: Ismail Hakki Bursevi

question: Who was an important esoteric interpreter of the Quran in the 10th century?

text: Sulami

question: What is the English name of Sulami's minor work?

text: Truths of Exegesis

question: In which language did Maybudi not write?

text: Persian

question: In which year didn't the poet Rumi die?

question: Which Sufi commentator read the Spirit of Elucidation?

text: Ismail Hakki Bursevi


text: Protestantism is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation,[a] a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Anglicanism is sometimes considered to be independent from Protestantism.[b] The term derives from the letter of protestation from Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestantism

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: Christian

text: faith

text: and

text: practice

text: which

text: originated

text: with

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation,[a

text: a

text: movement

text: against

text: what

text: its

text: followers

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: errors

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: divisions

text: of

text: Christendom

text: together

text: with

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Orthodoxy

text: Anglicanism

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: independent

text: from

text: Protestantism.[b

text: The

text: term

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: letter

text: of

text: protestation

text: from

text: Lutheran

text: princes

text: in

text: against

text: an

text: edict

text: condemning

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: as

text: heretical

question: What type of faith is Protestantism?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: Whose teachings were once considered to be heretical?

answer: Martin Luther

text: Martin Luther

question: Other than Protestantism, what are the other two divisions of Christianity?

answer: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy

text: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy

question: Who wrote a letter protesting the condemnation of Martin Luther?

answer: Lutheran princes

text: Lutheran princes

question: What was the name of the movement that started Protestantism?

answer: the Protestant Reformation

text: the Protestant Reformation


text: Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Emotion

text: in

text: everyday

text: speech

text: is

text: any

text: relatively

text: brief

text: conscious

text: experience

text: characterized

text: by

text: intense

text: mental

text: activity

text: and

text: a

text: high

text: degree

text: of

text: pleasure

text: or

text: displeasure

text: Scientific

text: discourse

text: has

text: drifted

text: to

text: other

text: meanings

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: consensus

text: on

text: a

text: definition

text: Emotion

text: is

text: often

text: intertwined

text: with

text: mood

text: temperament

text: personality

text: disposition

text: and

text: motivation

text: In

text: some

text: theories

text: cognition

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: aspect

text: of

text: emotion

text: Those

text: acting

text: primarily

text: on

text: emotion

text: may

text: seem

text: as

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: thinking

text: but

text: mental

text: processes

text: are

text: still

text: essential

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: interpretation

text: of

text: events

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: realization

text: of

text: danger

text: and

text: subsequent

text: arousal

text: of

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: e.g.

text: rapid

text: heartbeat

text: and

text: breathing

text: sweating

text: muscle

text: tension

text: is

text: integral

text: to

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: fear

text: Other

text: theories

text: however

text: claim

text: that

text: emotion

text: is

text: separate

text: from

text: and

text: can

text: precede

text: cognition

question: Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?

answer: personality

text: personality

question: What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?

answer: cognition

text: cognition

question: Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?

answer: rapid heartbeat and breathing

text: rapid heartbeat and breathing

question: Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?

answer: nervous

text: nervous

question: Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion never tied to?

text: personality

question: What do some theories see as an unimportant part of emotion?

text: cognition

question: Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a non-physiological response to danger?

question: Sweating is a not product of the arousal of what system?

text: nervous system


text: Other legal factors that have been implemented to end and reduce child labour includes the global response that came into force in 1979 by the declaration of the International Year of the Child. Along with the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, these two declarations worked on many levels to eliminate child labour. Although many actions have been taken to end this epidemic, child labour in Africa is still an issue today due to the unclear definition of adolescence and how much time is needed for children to engage in activities that are crucial for their development. Another issue that often comes into play is the link between what constitutes as child labour within the household due to the cultural acceptance of children helping run the family business. In the end, there is a consistent challenge for the national government to strengthen its grip politically on child labour, and to increase education and awareness on the issue of children working below the legal age limit. With children playing an important role in the African economy, child labour still plays an important role for many in the 20th century.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Other

text: legal

text: factors

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: implemented

text: to

text: end

text: and

text: reduce

text: child

text: labour

text: includes

text: the

text: global

text: response

text: that

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Year

text: of

text: the

text: Child

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: these

text: two

text: declarations

text: worked

text: on

text: many

text: levels

text: to

text: eliminate

text: child

text: labour

text: Although

text: many

text: actions

text: have

text: been

text: taken

text: to

text: end

text: this

text: epidemic

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: Africa

text: is

text: still

text: an

text: issue

text: today

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: unclear

text: definition

text: of

text: adolescence

text: and

text: how

text: much

text: time

text: is

text: needed

text: for

text: children

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: activities

text: that

text: are

text: crucial

text: for

text: their

text: development

text: Another

text: issue

text: that

text: often

text: comes

text: into

text: play

text: is

text: the

text: link

text: between

text: what

text: constitutes

text: as

text: child

text: labour

text: within

text: the

text: household

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: cultural

text: acceptance

text: of

text: children

text: helping

text: run

text: the

text: family

text: business

text: In

text: the

text: end

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: consistent

text: challenge

text: for

text: the

text: national

text: government

text: to

text: strengthen

text: its

text: grip

text: politically

text: on

text: child

text: labour

text: and

text: to

text: increase

text: education

text: and

text: awareness

text: on

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: children

text: working

text: below

text: the

text: legal

text: age

text: limit

text: With

text: children

text: playing

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: economy

text: child

text: labour

text: still

text: plays

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: for

text: many

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: What country is still an issue today with regards to child labour?

answer: Africa

text: Africa

question: What is an issue in Africa with child labour definitions?

answer: unclear definition of adolescence

text: unclear definition of adolescence

question: In Africa what is a cultural acceptance with regards to child labour?

answer: children helping run the family business.

text: children helping run the family business.


text: Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. This policy of mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Both

text: the

text: Qing

text: viceroy

text: and

text: the

text: Taiping

text: king

text: resided

text: in

text: buildings

text: that

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Palace

text: When

text: Qing

text: forces

text: led

text: by

text: Zeng

text: Guofan

text: retook

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: a

text: massive

text: slaughter

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: over

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: committed

text: suicide

text: or

text: fought

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: Since

text: the

text: Taiping

text: Rebellion

text: began

text: Qing

text: forces

text: allowed

text: no

text: rebels

text: speaking

text: its

text: dialect

text: to

text: surrender

text: This

text: policy

text: of

text: mass

text: murder

text: of

text: civilians

text: occurred

text: in

text: Nanjing

question: Who lived in buildings that would later come to be known as the Presidential Palace?

answer: the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king

text: the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king

question: When did Qing troops regain Nanjing?

answer: 1864

question: How many people died during the Qing troops retaking of Nanjing?

answer: over 100,000

text: over 100,000

question: Qing troops allowed no rebels who spoke what dialect to surrender?

answer: Taiping

text: Taiping

question: Who was the leader of the Qing troops?

answer: Zeng Guofan

text: Zeng Guofan


text: In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. The New York Times reported:

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: In

text: January

text: Bell

text: made

text: the

text: first

text: ceremonial

text: transcontinental

text: telephone

text: call

text: Calling

text: from

text: the

text: AT&T

text: head

text: office

text: at

text: Dey

text: Street

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Bell

text: was

text: heard

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Watson

text: at

text: Grant

text: Avenue

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: reported

question: In what month and year did Bell telephone across the country?

answer: January 1915

text: January 1915

question: What company office did Bell make the original cross country phone call from?

answer: AT&T

text: AT&T

question: What city did Bell make the first cross country call from?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: What city did Bell make the first cross country call to?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: Who was on the other end of the first cross country phone call?

answer: Thomas Watson

text: Thomas Watson