text: Many species of the second major avialan lineage to diversify, the Euornithes (meaning "true birds", because they include the ancestors of modern birds), were semi-aquatic and specialized in eating fish and other small aquatic organisms. Unlike the enantiornithes, which dominated land-based and arboreal habitats, most early euornithes lacked perching adaptations and seem to have included shorebird-like species, waders, and swimming and diving species. The later included the superficially gull-like Ichthyornis, the Hesperornithiformes, which became so well adapted to hunting fish in marine environments that they lost the ability to fly and became primarily aquatic. The early euornithes also saw the development of many traits associated with modern birds, like strongly keeled breastbones, toothless, beaked portions of their jaws (though most non-avian euornithes retained teeth in other parts of the jaws). Euornithes also included the first avialans to develop true pygostyle and a fully mobile fan of tail feathers, which may have replaced the "hind wing" as the primary mode of aerial maneuverability and braking in flight.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Many

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: major

text: avialan

text: lineage

text: to

text: diversify

text: the

text: Euornithes

text: meaning

text: true

text: birds

text: because

text: they

text: include

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: modern

text: birds

text: were

text: semi

text: aquatic

text: and

text: specialized

text: in

text: eating

text: fish

text: and

text: other

text: small

text: aquatic

text: organisms

text: Unlike

text: the

text: enantiornithes

text: which

text: dominated

text: land

text: based

text: and

text: arboreal

text: habitats

text: most

text: early

text: euornithes

text: lacked

text: perching

text: adaptations

text: and

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: included

text: shorebird

text: like

text: species

text: waders

text: and

text: swimming

text: and

text: diving

text: species

text: The

text: later

text: included

text: the

text: superficially

text: gull

text: like

text: Ichthyornis

text: the

text: Hesperornithiformes

text: which

text: became

text: so

text: well

text: adapted

text: to

text: hunting

text: fish

text: in

text: marine

text: environments

text: that

text: they

text: lost

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: fly

text: and

text: became

text: primarily

text: aquatic

text: The

text: early

text: euornithes

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: many

text: traits

text: associated

text: with

text: modern

text: birds

text: like

text: strongly

text: keeled

text: breastbones

text: toothless

text: beaked

text: portions

text: of

text: their

text: jaws

text: though

text: most

text: non

text: avian

text: euornithes

text: retained

text: teeth

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: jaws

text: Euornithes

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: first

text: avialans

text: to

text: develop

text: true

text: pygostyle

text: and

text: a

text: fully

text: mobile

text: fan

text: of

text: tail

text: feathers

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: replaced

text: the

text: hind

text: wing

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: mode

text: of

text: aerial

text: maneuverability

text: and

text: braking

text: in

text: flight

question: What does Euornithes mean?

answer: true birds

text: true birds

question: Why does Euornithes mean "true birds?"

answer: because they include the ancestors of modern birds

text: because they include the ancestors of modern birds

question: What group became the first avialans to develop true pygostyle and a fully mobile fan of tail feathers?

answer: Euornithes

text: Euornithes

question: What may have replaced the "hind wing" as the primary mode of aerial maneuverability?

answer: fully mobile fan of tail feathers

text: fully mobile fan of tail feathers


text: Treaties can be loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can be held liable under international law.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Treaties

text: can

text: be

text: loosely

text: compared

text: to

text: contracts

text: both

text: are

text: means

text: of

text: willing

text: parties

text: assuming

text: obligations

text: among

text: themselves

text: and

text: a

text: party

text: to

text: either

text: that

text: fails

text: to

text: live

text: up

text: to

text: their

text: obligations

text: can

text: be

text: held

text: liable

text: under

text: international

text: law

question: What must a party to a treaty do to prevent being held liable under international law?

answer: live up to their obligations

text: live up to their obligations

question: What is comparable in domestic law to a treaty in international law?

answer: contracts

text: contracts

question: Under what will a party to a treaty be held liable for failing to uphold their obligations?

answer: international law

text: international law

question: What must be the attitude of a party towards assuming the legal obligations of the treaty?

answer: willing

text: willing

question: What do we call the willingly-assumed burdens placed upon parties to both treaties and contracts?

answer: obligations

text: obligations


text: There was a distinct difference between Kahnweiler’s Cubists and the Salon Cubists. Prior to 1914, Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger (to a lesser extent) gained the support of a single committed art dealer in Paris, Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, who guaranteed them an annual income for the exclusive right to buy their works. Kahnweiler sold only to a small circle of connoisseurs. His support gave his artists the freedom to experiment in relative privacy. Picasso worked in Montmartre until 1912, while Braque and Gris remained there until after the First World War. Léger was based in Montparnasse.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: distinct

text: difference

text: between

text: Kahnweiler

text: ’s

text: Cubists

text: and

text: the

text: Salon

text: Cubists

text: Prior

text: to

text: Picasso

text: Braque

text: Gris

text: and

text: Léger

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: gained

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: committed

text: art

text: dealer

text: in

text: Paris

text: Daniel

text: Henry

text: Kahnweiler

text: who

text: guaranteed

text: them

text: an

text: annual

text: income

text: for

text: the

text: exclusive

text: right

text: to

text: buy

text: their

text: works

text: Kahnweiler

text: sold

text: only

text: to

text: a

text: small

text: circle

text: of

text: connoisseurs

text: His

text: support

text: gave

text: his

text: artists

text: the

text: freedom

text: to

text: experiment

text: in

text: relative

text: privacy

text: Picasso

text: worked

text: in

text: Montmartre

text: until

text: while

text: Braque

text: and

text: Gris

text: remained

text: there

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: Léger

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: Montparnasse

question: Where did Picassos work until 1912?

answer: Montmartre

text: Montmartre

question: Where did Braque and Gris stay until the end of the World War I?

answer: Montmartre

text: Montmartre

question: Where was Leger based around 1912?

answer: Montparnasse

text: Montparnasse

question: Where did Picassos work until 1911?

text: Montmartre

question: Where did Braque and Gris move to at the end of the World War I?

text: Montmartre

question: Where was Leger not based around 1912?

text: Montparnasse


text: The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "political" as it had real implications for governance. This view was challenged by the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers, who held a more Hellenic view, reason above revelation, and as such are known to modern scholars as the first speculative theologians of Islam; they were supported by a secular aristocracy who sought freedom of action independent of the Caliphate. By the late ancient period, however, the "traditionalist" Asharite view of Islam had in general triumphed. According to the Asharites, reason must be subordinate to the Quran and the Sunna.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: Islam

text: based

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: and

text: Muhammad

text: strongly

text: altered

text: the

text: power

text: balances

text: and

text: perceptions

text: of

text: origin

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: Early

text: Islamic

text: philosophy

text: emphasized

text: an

text: inexorable

text: link

text: between

text: science

text: and

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: ijtihad

text: to

text: find

text: truth

text: in

text: effect

text: all

text: philosophy

text: was

text: political

text: as

text: it

text: had

text: real

text: implications

text: for

text: governance

text: This

text: view

text: was

text: challenged

text: by

text: the

text: rationalist

text: Mutazilite

text: philosophers

text: who

text: held

text: a

text: more

text: Hellenic

text: view

text: reason

text: above

text: revelation

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: modern

text: scholars

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: speculative

text: theologians

text: of

text: Islam

text: they

text: were

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: secular

text: aristocracy

text: who

text: sought

text: freedom

text: of

text: action

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: ancient

text: period

text: however

text: the

text: traditionalist

text: Asharite

text: view

text: of

text: Islam

text: had

text: in

text: general

text: triumphed

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Asharites

text: reason

text: must

text: be

text: subordinate

text: to

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: the

text: Sunna

question: What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region?

answer: The rise of Islam

text: The rise of Islam

question: What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion?

answer: Early Islamic philosophy

text: Early Islamic philosophy

question: Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views?

answer: the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers

text: the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers

question: What type of views did the "rationalist" Mutaziite philosophers hold?

answer: Hellenic view

text: Hellenic view

question: What help to balance the power in the Mediterranean region?

text: The rise of Islam

question: What early philosophy emphasize a separation between science and religion?

text: Early Islamic philosophy

question: What philosophers placed revelation above reason?

text: Mutazilite philosophers

question: Who were the first theologies of Islam?

text: Mutazilite philosophers

question: Who said the Koran must be subordinate to reason?

text: Asharites

question: What focused on a link between reason and freedom of action?

text: Early Islamic philosophy

question: The rise of what was based on modern scholars views and science?

text: The rise of Islam

question: What group challenged the Hellenic view of Islam?

question: What must reason be subordinate to according to Mutazilite philosophers?

text: the Quran and the Sunna

question: What process did speculative theologians use to find truth?

text: ijtihad


text: As a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. "It isn't something I enjoy admitting," he once said, "but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by the outward perception of my parents' Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times." Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying: "In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. Two bloody noses. It was horrible."

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: As

text: a

text: child

text: Spielberg

text: faced

text: difficulty

text: reconciling

text: being

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: Jew

text: with

text: the

text: perception

text: of

text: him

text: by

text: other

text: children

text: he

text: played

text: with

text: It

text: is

text: n't

text: something

text: I

text: enjoy

text: admitting

text: he

text: once

text: said

text: but

text: when

text: I

text: was

text: seven

text: eight

text: nine

text: years

text: old

text: God

text: forgive

text: me

text: I

text: was

text: embarrassed

text: because

text: we

text: were

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: I

text: was

text: embarrassed

text: by

text: the

text: outward

text: perception

text: of

text: my

text: parents

text: Jewish

text: practices

text: I

text: was

text: never

text: really

text: ashamed

text: to

text: be

text: Jewish

text: but

text: I

text: was

text: uneasy

text: at

text: times

text: Spielberg

text: also

text: said

text: he

text: suffered

text: from

text: acts

text: of

text: anti

text: Semitic

text: prejudice

text: and

text: bullying

text: In

text: high

text: school

text: I

text: got

text: smacked

text: and

text: kicked

text: around

text: Two

text: bloody

text: noses

text: It

text: was

text: horrible

question: When did Steven Spielberg have trouble dealing with being an Orthodox Jew?

answer: As a child

text: As a child

question: How did Steven Spielberg feel about being an Orhtodox Jew?

answer: embarrassed

text: embarrassed

question: What kind of prejudice did Spielberg have to deal with in High school?

answer: anti-Semitic

text: anti-Semitic

question: How many bloody noses did Spielberg get in High School?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: At what age was Spielberg embarrassed by his family being Jewish?

answer: seven, eight, nine years old

text: seven, eight, nine years old

question: What was Spielberg bullied because of?

answer: anti-Semitic prejudice

text: anti-Semitic prejudice

question: How many bloody noses did Spielberg get in high school?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: How many bloody noses did Spielberg get from fighting while in elementary school?

text: Two

question: How many Orthodox Jew friends did Spielberg have while in high school?

text: Two

question: At what age did Spielberg become alright with being an Orthodox Jew?

text: nine years old

question: How many bloody noses from fighting did Spielberg get in middle school?

text: Two

question: What kind of prejudice did Spielberg have to deal with while in elementary school?

text: anti-Semitic


text: Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians venerate images and icons of Mary, given that the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 permitted their veneration with the understanding that those who venerate the image are venerating the reality of the person it represents, and the 842 Synod of Constantinople confirming the same. According to Orthodox piety and traditional practice, however, believers ought to pray before and venerate only flat, two-dimensional icons, and not three-dimensional statues.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Devotions

text: to

text: artistic

text: depictions

text: of

text: Mary

text: vary

text: among

text: Christian

text: traditions

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: long

text: tradition

text: of

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Marian

text: art

text: and

text: no

text: image

text: permeates

text: Catholic

text: art

text: as

text: does

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Child

text: The

text: icon

text: of

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Theotokos

text: with

text: Christ

text: is

text: without

text: doubt

text: the

text: most

text: venerated

text: icon

text: in

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: Both

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: venerate

text: images

text: and

text: icons

text: of

text: Mary

text: given

text: that

text: the

text: Second

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: in

text: permitted

text: their

text: veneration

text: with

text: the

text: understanding

text: that

text: those

text: who

text: venerate

text: the

text: image

text: are

text: venerating

text: the

text: reality

text: of

text: the

text: person

text: it

text: represents

text: and

text: the

text: Synod

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: confirming

text: the

text: same

text: According

text: to

text: Orthodox

text: piety

text: and

text: traditional

text: practice

text: however

text: believers

text: ought

text: to

text: pray

text: before

text: and

text: venerate

text: only

text: flat

text: two

text: dimensional

text: icons

text: and

text: not

text: three

text: dimensional

text: statues

question: In which year was the Second Council of Nicea?

answer: 787

question: In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?

answer: 842

question: Which icon is most venerated in the Orthodox Church?

answer: icon of the Virgin Theotokos

text: icon of the Virgin Theotokos

question: What is the name given to artistic depictions of Mary?

answer: Marian art

text: Marian art

question: In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before?

answer: flat, two-dimensional icons

text: flat, two-dimensional icons

question: Which believers pray to and venerate three-dimensional statues?

text: Roman Catholic

question: In what year was the first image of the Madonna and Child found?

question: In what year was the first image of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ found?

question: What is the name given to the artistic depictions of Jesus as an adult?

text: Marian art

question: In what year was the Orthodox Church founded?


text: More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as those of regional and local authorities to get rid of Moscow’s pervasive control. In contrast to the reformers' lukewarm response to the treaty, the conservatives, "patriots," and Russian nationalists of the USSR – still strong within the CPSU and the military – were opposed to weakening the Soviet state and its centralized power structure.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: More

text: radical

text: reformists

text: were

text: increasingly

text: convinced

text: that

text: a

text: rapid

text: transition

text: to

text: a

text: market

text: economy

text: was

text: required

text: even

text: if

text: the

text: eventual

text: outcome

text: meant

text: the

text: disintegration

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: into

text: several

text: independent

text: states

text: Independence

text: also

text: accorded

text: with

text: Yeltsin

text: 's

text: desires

text: as

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: regional

text: and

text: local

text: authorities

text: to

text: get

text: rid

text: of

text: Moscow

text: ’s

text: pervasive

text: control

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: reformers

text: lukewarm

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: treaty

text: the

text: conservatives

text: patriots

text: and

text: Russian

text: nationalists

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: still

text: strong

text: within

text: the

text: CPSU

text: and

text: the

text: military

text: were

text: opposed

text: to

text: weakening

text: the

text: Soviet

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: centralized

text: power

text: structure

question: What did radicals want to change the economy to?

answer: market economy

text: market economy

question: What were they prepared to have happen to the Soviet Union in order to get a market economy?

answer: disintegration

text: disintegration

question: What was Yeltsin president of?

answer: the Russian Federation,

text: the Russian Federation,

question: Whose control were regional authorities hoping to do away with?

answer: Moscow’s

text: Moscow’s


text: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which had unintentionally strayed into Soviet airspace after the pilot had radioed "difficulties with his oxygen equipment" while flying over Turkey. The Soviets put Captain Powers on trial and displayed parts of the U-2, which had been recovered almost fully intact.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Soviet

text: Premier

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: spy

text: plane

text: had

text: been

text: shot

text: down

text: but

text: intentionally

text: made

text: no

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: pilot

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: Eisenhower

text: Administration

text: thinking

text: the

text: pilot

text: had

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: crash

text: authorized

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: a

text: cover

text: story

text: claiming

text: that

text: the

text: plane

text: was

text: a

text: weather

text: research

text: aircraft

text: which

text: had

text: unintentionally

text: strayed

text: into

text: Soviet

text: airspace

text: after

text: the

text: pilot

text: had

text: radioed

text: difficulties

text: with

text: his

text: oxygen

text: equipment

text: while

text: flying

text: over

text: Turkey

text: The

text: Soviets

text: put

text: Captain

text: Powers

text: on

text: trial

text: and

text: displayed

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: recovered

text: almost

text: fully

text: intact

question: What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as?

answer: weather research aircraft

text: weather research aircraft

question: Where did the Eisenhower administration say that the downed U-2 was intended to be flying?

answer: Turkey

text: Turkey

question: According to the cover story, what did the "weather research" pilot have trouble with?

answer: oxygen equipment

text: oxygen equipment

question: What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union?

answer: trial

text: trial

question: What did Khrushchev refer to the U-2 as?

answer: spy-plane

text: spy-plane


text: In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince". His stammer, and his embarrassment over it, together with his tendency to shyness, caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. He developed an interest in working conditions, and was President of the Industrial Welfare Society. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds.

title: George_VI

title: George_VI

text: In

text: October

text: Albert

text: went

text: up

text: to

text: Trinity

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: where

text: he

text: studied

text: history

text: economics

text: and

text: civics

text: for

text: a

text: year

text: On

text: June

text: he

text: was

text: created

text: Duke

text: of

text: York

text: Earl

text: of

text: Inverness

text: and

text: Baron

text: Killarney

text: He

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: more

text: royal

text: duties

text: He

text: represented

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: toured

text: coal

text: mines

text: factories

text: and

text: railyards

text: Through

text: such

text: visits

text: he

text: acquired

text: the

text: nickname

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Prince

text: His

text: stammer

text: and

text: his

text: embarrassment

text: over

text: it

text: together

text: with

text: his

text: tendency

text: to

text: shyness

text: caused

text: him

text: to

text: appear

text: much

text: less

text: impressive

text: than

text: his

text: older

text: brother

text: Edward

text: However

text: he

text: was

text: physically

text: active

text: and

text: enjoyed

text: playing

text: tennis

text: He

text: played

text: at

text: Wimbledon

text: in

text: the

text: Men

text: 's

text: Doubles

text: with

text: Louis

text: Greig

text: in

text: losing

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: He

text: developed

text: an

text: interest

text: in

text: working

text: conditions

text: and

text: was

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Welfare

text: Society

text: His

text: series

text: of

text: annual

text: summer

text: camps

text: for

text: boys

text: between

text: and

text: brought

text: together

text: boys

text: from

text: different

text: social

text: backgrounds

question: What did Albert study in Trinity College?

answer: history, economics and civics

text: history, economics and civics

question: What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?

answer: Industrial Prince

text: Industrial Prince

question: Who is Albert's older brother?

answer: Edward

text: Edward

question: Which sport was Albert proficient at?

answer: tennis

text: tennis

question: Which society was Albert the president of?

answer: Industrial Welfare Society

text: Industrial Welfare Society

question: Who was Albert's father?

text: Edward

question: In what year was Albert elected as the President of the Industrial Welfare Society?

question: Who was one of the players Albert lost to in his match at Wimbledon?

text: Louis Greig

question: In what year did Louis Greig begin playing tennis?

question: What sport did Edward enjoy?

text: tennis


text: The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins in Alaska's Seward Peninsula) crosses this region and turns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak. It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: northern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Divide

text: where

text: the

text: mountains

text: give

text: way

text: rapidly

text: to

text: prairie

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountain

text: Front

text: The

text: front

text: is

text: most

text: pronounced

text: in

text: the

text: Lewis

text: Range

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Glacier

text: National

text: Park

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: configuration

text: of

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: in

text: Glacier

text: National

text: Park

text: the

text: Northern

text: Divide

text: which

text: begins

text: in

text: Alaska

text: 's

text: Seward

text: Peninsula

text: crosses

text: this

text: region

text: and

text: turns

text: east

text: in

text: Montana

text: at

text: Triple

text: Divide

text: Peak

text: It

text: causes

text: the

text: Waterton

text: River

text: Belly

text: and

text: Saint

text: Mary

text: rivers

text: to

text: flow

text: north

text: into

text: Alberta

text: Canada

text: There

text: they

text: join

text: the

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: which

text: ultimately

text: empties

text: into

text: Hudson

text: Bay

question: Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak?

answer: north

text: north

question: Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into?

answer: Hudson Bay.

text: Hudson Bay.


text: In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment." A study commissioned by the institute had said that experience had proved that the goal of individualized decisions about who should be executed and the goal of systemic fairness for minorities and others could not be reconciled.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: American

text: Law

text: Institute

text: voted

text: to

text: disavow

text: the

text: framework

text: for

text: capital

text: punishment

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: created

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Model

text: Penal

text: Code

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: intractable

text: institutional

text: and

text: structural

text: obstacles

text: to

text: ensuring

text: a

text: minimally

text: adequate

text: system

text: for

text: administering

text: capital

text: punishment

text: A

text: study

text: commissioned

text: by

text: the

text: institute

text: had

text: said

text: that

text: experience

text: had

text: proved

text: that

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: individualized

text: decisions

text: about

text: who

text: should

text: be

text: executed

text: and

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: systemic

text: fairness

text: for

text: minorities

text: and

text: others

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: reconciled

question: In what year did the American Law Institute create a death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code?

answer: 1962

question: In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the death penalty to the Model Penal Code?

answer: 2009

question: What goal did the ALI's study say could not be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions?

answer: systemic fairness for minorities

text: systemic fairness for minorities

question: In what year did the American Law Institute create a non-death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code?

question: In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the non-death penalty to the Model Penal Code?

question: What goal did the ALI's study say could be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions?

text: systemic fairness


text: The writers of Grub Street, the Grub Street Hacks, were left feeling bitter about the relative success of the men of letters, and found an outlet for their literature which was typified by the libelle. Written mostly in the form of pamphlets, the libelles "slandered the court, the Church, the aristocracy, the academies, the salons, everything elevated and respectable, including the monarchy itself". Le Gazetier cuirassé by Charles Théveneau de Morande was a prototype of the genre. It was Grub Street literature that was most read by the public during the Enlightenment. More importantly, according to Darnton, the Grub Street hacks inherited the "revolutionary spirit" once displayed by the philosophes, and paved the way for the French Revolution by desacralizing figures of political, moral and religious authority in France.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: writers

text: of

text: Grub

text: Street

text: the

text: Grub

text: Street

text: Hacks

text: were

text: left

text: feeling

text: bitter

text: about

text: the

text: relative

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: of

text: letters

text: and

text: found

text: an

text: outlet

text: for

text: their

text: literature

text: which

text: was

text: typified

text: by

text: the

text: libelle

text: Written

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: pamphlets

text: the

text: libelles

text: slandered

text: the

text: court

text: the

text: Church

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: the

text: academies

text: the

text: salons

text: everything

text: elevated

text: and

text: respectable

text: including

text: the

text: monarchy

text: itself

text: Le

text: Gazetier

text: cuirassé

text: by

text: Charles

text: Théveneau

text: de

text: Morande

text: was

text: a

text: prototype

text: of

text: the

text: genre

text: It

text: was

text: Grub

text: Street

text: literature

text: that

text: was

text: most

text: read

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: during

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: More

text: importantly

text: according

text: to

text: Darnton

text: the

text: Grub

text: Street

text: hacks

text: inherited

text: the

text: revolutionary

text: spirit

text: once

text: displayed

text: by

text: the

text: philosophes

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: by

text: desacralizing

text: figures

text: of

text: political

text: moral

text: and

text: religious

text: authority

text: in

text: France

question: What term was given to the writers of Grub Street?

answer: the Grub Street Hacks

text: the Grub Street Hacks

question: Libelles were generally written in what form?

answer: pamphlets

text: pamphlets

question: Which group inherited the "revolutionary spirit" once displayed by the philosophes, according to Darnton?

answer: the Grub Street hacks

text: the Grub Street hacks

question: Which works by the Grub Street Hacks "slandered the court, the Church, the aristocracy, the academies, the salons, everything elevated and respectable, including the monarchy itself."?

answer: the libelles

text: the libelles


text: At a December 2008 press conference in New Zealand, West spoke about his mother's death for the first time. "It was like losing an arm and a leg and trying to walk through that", he told reporters.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: At

text: a

text: December

text: press

text: conference

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: West

text: spoke

text: about

text: his

text: mother

text: 's

text: death

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: It

text: was

text: like

text: losing

text: an

text: arm

text: and

text: a

text: leg

text: and

text: trying

text: to

text: walk

text: through

text: that

text: he

text: told

text: reporters

question: Where did Kanye first speak on his mother's death?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand

question: Where did Kanye West first speak about his mother's death?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand


text: According to historian Shaye J. D. Cohen, the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible. He brings two likely explanations for the change in Mishnaic times: first, the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures (Kil'ayim). Thus, a mixed marriage is forbidden as is the union of a horse and a donkey, and in both unions the offspring are judged matrilineally. Second, the Tannaim may have been influenced by Roman law, which dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: According

text: to

text: historian

text: Shaye

text: J.

text: D.

text: Cohen

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: offspring

text: of

text: mixed

text: marriages

text: was

text: determined

text: patrilineally

text: in

text: the

text: Bible

text: He

text: brings

text: two

text: likely

text: explanations

text: for

text: the

text: change

text: in

text: Mishnaic

text: times

text: first

text: the

text: Mishnah

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: applying

text: the

text: same

text: logic

text: to

text: mixed

text: marriages

text: as

text: it

text: had

text: applied

text: to

text: other

text: mixtures

text: Kil'ayim

text: Thus

text: a

text: mixed

text: marriage

text: is

text: forbidden

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: union

text: of

text: a

text: horse

text: and

text: a

text: donkey

text: and

text: in

text: both

text: unions

text: the

text: offspring

text: are

text: judged

text: matrilineally

text: Second

text: the

text: Tannaim

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: Roman

text: law

text: which

text: dictated

text: that

text: when

text: a

text: parent

text: could

text: not

text: contract

text: a

text: legal

text: marriage

text: offspring

text: would

text: follow

text: the

text: mother

question: Who believed the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible?

answer: Shaye J. D. Cohen

text: Shaye J. D. Cohen

question: What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother?

answer: Roman law

text: Roman law

question: What is one explanation for the change in Mishnaic times?

answer: the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures

text: the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures

question: Who believed that the status of offspring of mixed marriages was determined matrilineally in the Bible?

text: Shaye J. D. Cohen

question: How many explanations were there for the lack of change in Mishnaic times?

text: two

question: What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the father?

text: Roman law

question: What did Roman law dictate if a parent contracted a legal marriage?

text: offspring would follow the mother

question: What unions were allowed along with mixed marriages?

text: the union of a horse and a donkey


text: The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in which the water molecules break down into a soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions, and deeper down superionic water in which the oxygen crystallises but the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. At a depth of 7000 km, the conditions may be such that methane decomposes into diamond crystals that rain downwards like hailstones. Very-high-pressure experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory suggest that the base of the mantle may comprise an ocean of liquid carbon with floating solid 'diamonds'.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: The

text: mantle

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: to

text: Earth

text: masses

text: and

text: is

text: rich

text: in

text: water

text: ammonia

text: and

text: methane

text: As

text: is

text: customary

text: in

text: planetary

text: science

text: this

text: mixture

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: icy

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: hot

text: dense

text: fluid

text: This

text: fluid

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: high

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: a

text: water

text: ammonia

text: ocean

text: The

text: mantle

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: a

text: layer

text: of

text: ionic

text: water

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: water

text: molecules

text: break

text: down

text: into

text: a

text: soup

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: oxygen

text: ions

text: and

text: deeper

text: down

text: superionic

text: water

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: oxygen

text: crystallises

text: but

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: ions

text: float

text: around

text: freely

text: within

text: the

text: oxygen

text: lattice

text: At

text: a

text: depth

text: of

text: km

text: the

text: conditions

text: may

text: be

text: such

text: that

text: methane

text: decomposes

text: into

text: diamond

text: crystals

text: that

text: rain

text: downwards

text: like

text: hailstones

text: Very

text: high

text: pressure

text: experiments

text: at

text: the

text: Lawrence

text: Livermore

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: mantle

text: may

text: comprise

text: an

text: ocean

text: of

text: liquid

text: carbon

text: with

text: floating

text: solid

text: diamonds

question: What is Neptune's mantle rich in?

answer: water, ammonia and methane

text: water, ammonia and methane

question: What is the hot, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as?

answer: icy

text: icy

question: What does the fluid in Neptune have a high conductivity of?

answer: electrical

text: electrical

question: How deep does Neptune's water-ammonia ocean go?

answer: 7000 km

text: 7000 km

question: What rains on Neptune?

answer: diamond crystals

text: diamond crystals

question: Who's mantle is 10 to 15 times greater than Neptunes?

text: Earth

question: What is the cold dense liqued on Neptune called?

text: icy

question: What substance on Neptune inhibits electricity?

text: water, ammonia and methane.

question: What kind of crystal forms 7000 km above the surface of neoptune?

text: diamond crystals that rain

question: who suggested Neptunes mantle is solid carbon?

text: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

question: What does Neptune's mantle lack?

text: water, ammonia and methane

question: What is the cold, dense fluid in Neptune referred to as?

text: icy

question: What does the fluid in Uranus have a high conductivity of?

text: electrical

question: How deep does Neptune's oxygen ocean go?

text: 7000 km

question: What rises on Neptune?

text: diamond crystals


text: The Egyptians begrudgingly accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt, though the kingdom went through several native revolts. The Ptolemies took on the traditions of the Egyptian Pharaohs, such as marrying their siblings (Ptolemy II was the first to adopt this custom), having themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participating in Egyptian religious life. The Ptolemaic ruler cult portrayed the Ptolemies as gods, and temples to the Ptolemies were erected throughout the kingdom. Ptolemy I even created a new god, Serapis, who was combination of two Egyptian gods: Apis and Osiris, with attributes of Greek gods. Ptolemaic administration was, like the Ancient Egyptian bureaucracy, highly centralized and focused on squeezing as much revenue out of the population as possible though tariffs, excise duties, fines, taxes and so forth. A whole class of petty officials, tax farmers, clerks and overseers made this possible. The Egyptian countryside was directly administered by this royal bureaucracy. External possessions such as Cyprus and Cyrene were run by strategoi, military commanders appointed by the crown.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: Egyptians

text: begrudgingly

text: accepted

text: the

text: Ptolemies

text: as

text: the

text: successors

text: to

text: the

text: pharaohs

text: of

text: independent

text: Egypt

text: though

text: the

text: kingdom

text: went

text: through

text: several

text: native

text: revolts

text: The

text: Ptolemies

text: took

text: on

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Pharaohs

text: such

text: as

text: marrying

text: their

text: siblings

text: Ptolemy

text: II

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: adopt

text: this

text: custom

text: having

text: themselves

text: portrayed

text: on

text: public

text: monuments

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: style

text: and

text: dress

text: and

text: participating

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: religious

text: life

text: The

text: Ptolemaic

text: ruler

text: cult

text: portrayed

text: the

text: Ptolemies

text: as

text: gods

text: and

text: temples

text: to

text: the

text: Ptolemies

text: were

text: erected

text: throughout

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Ptolemy

text: I

text: even

text: created

text: a

text: new

text: god

text: Serapis

text: who

text: was

text: combination

text: of

text: two

text: Egyptian

text: gods

text: Apis

text: and

text: Osiris

text: with

text: attributes

text: of

text: Greek

text: gods

text: Ptolemaic

text: administration

text: was

text: like

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: bureaucracy

text: highly

text: centralized

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: squeezing

text: as

text: much

text: revenue

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: as

text: possible

text: though

text: tariffs

text: excise

text: duties

text: fines

text: taxes

text: and

text: so

text: forth

text: A

text: whole

text: class

text: of

text: petty

text: officials

text: tax

text: farmers

text: clerks

text: and

text: overseers

text: made

text: this

text: possible

text: The

text: Egyptian

text: countryside

text: was

text: directly

text: administered

text: by

text: this

text: royal

text: bureaucracy

text: External

text: possessions

text: such

text: as

text: Cyprus

text: and

text: Cyrene

text: were

text: run

text: by

text: strategoi

text: military

text: commanders

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: crown

question: Whose tradition did Ptolemy take on as leader of Egypt?

answer: Egyptian Pharaohs

text: Egyptian Pharaohs

question: What god did Ptolemy I create?

answer: Serapis

text: Serapis

question: Cyprus and Cyrene were run by whom?

answer: strategoi

text: strategoi

question: By using a central government that taxes heavily, Ptolemy ran his country akin to which bureaucracy?

answer: Ancient Egyptian

text: Ancient Egyptian

question: Apis and Osiris combined to make which god?

answer: Serapis

text: Serapis


text: Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. Not all students in madaris are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Madrasa

text: Arabic

text: مدرسة

text: madrasah

text: pl

text: مدارس

text: madāris

text: Turkish

text: Medrese

text: is

text: the

text: Arabic

text: word

text: for

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: educational

text: institution

text: whether

text: secular

text: or

text: religious

text: of

text: any

text: religion

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: variously

text: transliterated

text: madrasah

text: madarasaa

text: medresa

text: madrassa

text: madraza

text: medrese

text: etc

text: In

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: word

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: specific

text: type

text: of

text: religious

text: school

text: or

text: college

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: religion

text: though

text: this

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: the

text: only

text: subject

text: studied

text: Not

text: all

text: students

text: in

text: madaris

text: are

text: Muslims

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: modern

text: curriculum

question: What are the origins of the word madrasa?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer?

answer: any type

text: any type

question: In Western culture, the term madrasa widely refers to the practices of what religion?

answer: Islamic

text: Islamic

question: How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim?

answer: Not all

text: Not all

question: What does Madrasa mean in French?

text: Medrese

question: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa not cover?

text: any type

question: In Eastern culture, what religion does the term Madrasa refer to?

text: Islamic

question: What school does Madrasa not refer to?

text: religious school

question: What is studied in Islamic religions?

text: Madrasa


text: In matches with multiple competitors, an elimination system may be used. Any wrestler who has a fall scored against them is forced out of the match, and the match continues until only one remains. However, it is much more common when more than two wrestlers are involved to simply go one fall, with the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner. In championship matches, this means that, unlike one-on-one matches (where the champion can simply disqualify themselves or get themselves counted out to retain the title via the "champion's advantag"), the champion does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship. However, heel champions often find advantages, not in champion's advantage, but in the use of weapons and outside interference, as these poly-sided matches tend to involve no holds barred rules.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: In

text: matches

text: with

text: multiple

text: competitors

text: an

text: elimination

text: system

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: Any

text: wrestler

text: who

text: has

text: a

text: fall

text: scored

text: against

text: them

text: is

text: forced

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: match

text: and

text: the

text: match

text: continues

text: until

text: only

text: one

text: remains

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: common

text: when

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: wrestlers

text: are

text: involved

text: to

text: simply

text: go

text: one

text: fall

text: with

text: the

text: one

text: scoring

text: the

text: fall

text: regardless

text: of

text: who

text: they

text: scored

text: it

text: against

text: being

text: the

text: winner

text: In

text: championship

text: matches

text: this

text: means

text: that

text: unlike

text: one

text: on

text: one

text: matches

text: where

text: the

text: champion

text: can

text: simply

text: disqualify

text: themselves

text: or

text: get

text: themselves

text: counted

text: out

text: to

text: retain

text: the

text: title

text: via

text: the

text: champion

text: 's

text: advantag

text: the

text: champion

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: pinned

text: or

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: lose

text: the

text: championship

text: However

text: heel

text: champions

text: often

text: find

text: advantages

text: not

text: in

text: champion

text: 's

text: advantage

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: weapons

text: and

text: outside

text: interference

text: as

text: these

text: poly

text: sided

text: matches

text: tend

text: to

text: involve

text: no

text: holds

text: barred

text: rules

question: What happens when a wrestler has a fall against them?

answer: is forced out of the match

text: is forced out of the match

question: What kind of rules does a poly-sided match usually have?

answer: no holds barred rules

text: no holds barred rules

question: What usually happens when two or more wrestlers are involved?

answer: to simply go one fall, with the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner.

text: to simply go one fall, with the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner.

question: How can a champion lose a championship?

answer: does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship.

text: does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship.


text: Cladistics is another method of classification. A clade is a taxonomic group of organisms consisting of a single common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. Every creature produced by sexual reproduction has two immediate lineages, one maternal and one paternal. Whereas Carl Linnaeus established a taxonomy of living organisms based on anatomical similarities and differences, cladistics seeks to establish a taxonomy—the phylogenetic tree—based on genetic similarities and differences and tracing the process of acquisition of multiple characteristics by single organisms. Some researchers have tried to clarify the idea of race by equating it to the biological idea of the clade. Often mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome sequences are used to study ancient human migration paths. These single-locus sources of DNA do not recombine and are inherited from a single parent. Individuals from the various continental groups tend to be more similar to one another than to people from other continents, and tracing either mitochondrial DNA or non-recombinant Y-chromosome DNA explains how people in one place may be largely derived from people in some remote location.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Cladistics

text: is

text: another

text: method

text: of

text: classification

text: A

text: clade

text: is

text: a

text: taxonomic

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: consisting

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: common

text: ancestor

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: that

text: ancestor

text: Every

text: creature

text: produced

text: by

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: has

text: two

text: immediate

text: lineages

text: one

text: maternal

text: and

text: one

text: paternal

text: Whereas

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: established

text: a

text: taxonomy

text: of

text: living

text: organisms

text: based

text: on

text: anatomical

text: similarities

text: and

text: differences

text: cladistics

text: seeks

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: taxonomy

text: the

text: phylogenetic

text: tree

text: based

text: on

text: genetic

text: similarities

text: and

text: differences

text: and

text: tracing

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: acquisition

text: of

text: multiple

text: characteristics

text: by

text: single

text: organisms

text: Some

text: researchers

text: have

text: tried

text: to

text: clarify

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: race

text: by

text: equating

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: biological

text: idea

text: of

text: the

text: clade

text: Often

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: or

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: sequences

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: ancient

text: human

text: migration

text: paths

text: These

text: single

text: locus

text: sources

text: of

text: DNA

text: do

text: not

text: recombine

text: and

text: are

text: inherited

text: from

text: a

text: single

text: parent

text: Individuals

text: from

text: the

text: various

text: continental

text: groups

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: similar

text: to

text: one

text: another

text: than

text: to

text: people

text: from

text: other

text: continents

text: and

text: tracing

text: either

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: or

text: non

text: recombinant

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: DNA

text: explains

text: how

text: people

text: in

text: one

text: place

text: may

text: be

text: largely

text: derived

text: from

text: people

text: in

text: some

text: remote

text: location

question: What is cladistics a method of?

answer: classification

text: classification

question: What is a clade a taxonomic group of?

answer: organisms

text: organisms

question: How many common ancestors does a clade have?

answer: single

text: single

question: What is another term for a phylogenetic tree?

answer: taxonomy

text: taxonomy

question: Which chromosome sequences are used to study ancient human migration paths?

answer: Y

text: Y


text: The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) has called Oklahoma City home since the 2008–09 season, when owner Clayton Bennett relocated the franchise from Seattle, Washington. The Thunder plays home games at the Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown Oklahoma City, known affectionately in the national media as 'the Peake' and 'Loud City'. The Thunder is known by several nicknames, including "OKC Thunder" and simply "OKC", and its mascot is Rumble the Bison.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Thunder

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: has

text: called

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: home

text: since

text: the

text: season

text: when

text: owner

text: Clayton

text: Bennett

text: relocated

text: the

text: franchise

text: from

text: Seattle

text: Washington

text: The

text: Thunder

text: plays

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: the

text: Chesapeake

text: Energy

text: Arena

text: in

text: downtown

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: known

text: affectionately

text: in

text: the

text: national

text: media

text: as

text: the

text: Peake

text: and

text: Loud

text: City

text: The

text: Thunder

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: several

text: nicknames

text: including

text: OKC

text: Thunder

text: and

text: simply

text: OKC

text: and

text: its

text: mascot

text: is

text: Rumble

text: the

text: Bison

question: Who moved the Oklahoma City Thunder to Oklahoma City?

answer: Clayton Bennett

text: Clayton Bennett

question: What is one of the Thunders nicknames?

answer: OKC

text: OKC

question: What is the Thunders mascot?

answer: Bison

text: Bison


text: In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The first complete genome sequences among all three domains of life were released within a short period during the mid-1990s: The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae, completed by a team at The Institute for Genomic Research in 1995. A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s. The first genome sequence for an archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, was completed in 1996, again by The Institute for Genomic Research.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: In

text: Walter

text: Fiers

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Ghent

text: Belgium

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: complete

text: nucleotide

text: sequence

text: of

text: a

text: viral

text: RNA

text: genome

text: Bacteriophage

text: The

text: next

text: year

text: Fred

text: Sanger

text: completed

text: the

text: first

text: DNA

text: genome

text: sequence

text: Phage

text: of

text: base

text: pairs

text: The

text: first

text: complete

text: genome

text: sequences

text: among

text: all

text: three

text: domains

text: of

text: life

text: were

text: released

text: within

text: a

text: short

text: period

text: during

text: the

text: The

text: first

text: bacterial

text: genome

text: to

text: be

text: sequenced

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: Haemophilus

text: influenzae

text: completed

text: by

text: a

text: team

text: at

text: The

text: Institute

text: for

text: Genomic

text: Research

text: in

text: A

text: few

text: months

text: later

text: the

text: first

text: eukaryotic

text: genome

text: was

text: completed

text: with

text: sequences

text: of

text: the

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: budding

text: yeast

text: Saccharomyces

text: cerevisiae

text: published

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: European

text: led

text: effort

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: first

text: genome

text: sequence

text: for

text: an

text: archaeon

text: Methanococcus

text: jannaschii

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: again

text: by

text: The

text: Institute

text: for

text: Genomic

text: Research

question: Who was the first person to sequence a viral genome?

answer: Walter Fiers

text: Walter Fiers

question: Which viral genome did Fiers sequence?

answer: Bacteriophage MS2

text: Bacteriophage MS2

question: Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome?

answer: Fred Sanger

text: Fred Sanger

question: What organization first sequenced a bacterial genome?

answer: Institute for Genomic Research

text: Institute for Genomic Research

question: In what year was the archaeon genome sequenced?

answer: 1996

question: In what year did Fred Sanger first establish the complete nucleotide sequence of  a viral RNA genome?

question: When was The Institute for Genome Research founded?

question: What did Walter Fiers complete in 1996?

question: What did Fred Sanger complete when part of a team in 1995?

question: What was the name of the first bacterial genome sequenced by Fred Sanger in 1995?

text: Haemophilus influenzae


text: For some species of waders, migration success depends on the availability of certain key food resources at stopover points along the migration route. This gives the migrants an opportunity to refuel for the next leg of the voyage. Some examples of important stopover locations are the Bay of Fundy and Delaware Bay.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: For

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: waders

text: migration

text: success

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: certain

text: key

text: food

text: resources

text: at

text: stopover

text: points

text: along

text: the

text: migration

text: route

text: This

text: gives

text: the

text: migrants

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: refuel

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: leg

text: of

text: the

text: voyage

text: Some

text: examples

text: of

text: important

text: stopover

text: locations

text: are

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Fundy

text: and

text: Delaware

text: Bay

question: What does successful migration depend on for some waders?

answer: the availability of certain key food resources

text: the availability of certain key food resources

question: Where do migrants refuel?

answer: stopover points along the migration route

text: stopover points along the migration route

question: Where is an important stopover location?

answer: the Bay of Fundy

text: the Bay of Fundy

question: What is another stopover location?

answer: Delaware Bay

text: Delaware Bay


text: The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper. Established in 1881, and published on weekdays during the academic year, it is directed entirely by undergraduates. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily has no business ties to the university, being supported wholly by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. North by Northwestern is an online undergraduate magazine, having been established in September 2006 by students at the Medill School of Journalism. Published on weekdays, it consists of updates on news stories and special events inserted throughout the day and on weekends. North by Northwestern also publishes a quarterly print magazine. Syllabus is the undergraduate yearbook. First published in 1885, the yearbook is an epitome of that year's events at Northwestern. Published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students, it is distributed in late May. Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine. Founded in 2009, The Flipside publishes a weekly issue both in print and online. Helicon is the university's undergraduate literary magazine. Started in 1979, it is published twice a year, a web issue in the Winter, and a print issue with a web complement in the Spring. The Protest is Northwestern's quarterly social justice magazine. The Northwestern division of Student Multicultural Affairs also supports publications such as NUAsian, a magazine and blog about Asian and Asian-American culture and the issues facing Asians and Asian-Americans, Ahora, a magazine about Hispanic and Latino/a culture and campus life, BlackBoard Magazine about African-American life, and Al Bayan published by the Northwestern Muslim-cultural Student Association.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: Daily

text: Northwestern

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: student

text: newspaper

text: Established

text: in

text: and

text: published

text: on

text: weekdays

text: during

text: the

text: academic

text: year

text: it

text: is

text: directed

text: entirely

text: by

text: undergraduates

text: Although

text: it

text: serves

text: the

text: Northwestern

text: community

text: the

text: Daily

text: has

text: no

text: business

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: being

text: supported

text: wholly

text: by

text: advertisers

text: It

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Students

text: Publishing

text: Company

text: North

text: by

text: Northwestern

text: is

text: an

text: online

text: undergraduate

text: magazine

text: having

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: September

text: by

text: students

text: at

text: the

text: Medill

text: School

text: of

text: Journalism

text: Published

text: on

text: weekdays

text: it

text: consists

text: of

text: updates

text: on

text: news

text: stories

text: and

text: special

text: events

text: inserted

text: throughout

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: on

text: weekends

text: North

text: by

text: Northwestern

text: also

text: publishes

text: a

text: quarterly

text: print

text: magazine

text: Syllabus

text: is

text: the

text: undergraduate

text: yearbook

text: First

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: yearbook

text: is

text: an

text: epitome

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: 's

text: events

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: Published

text: by

text: Students

text: Publishing

text: Company

text: and

text: edited

text: by

text: Northwestern

text: students

text: it

text: is

text: distributed

text: in

text: late

text: May.

text: Northwestern

text: Flipside

text: is

text: an

text: undergraduate

text: satirical

text: magazine

text: Founded

text: in

text: The

text: Flipside

text: publishes

text: a

text: weekly

text: issue

text: both

text: in

text: print

text: and

text: online

text: Helicon

text: is

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: undergraduate

text: literary

text: magazine

text: Started

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: published

text: twice

text: a

text: year

text: a

text: web

text: issue

text: in

text: the

text: Winter

text: and

text: a

text: print

text: issue

text: with

text: a

text: web

text: complement

text: in

text: the

text: Spring

text: The

text: Protest

text: is

text: Northwestern

text: 's

text: quarterly

text: social

text: justice

text: magazine

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: division

text: of

text: Student

text: Multicultural

text: Affairs

text: also

text: supports

text: publications

text: such

text: as

text: NUAsian

text: a

text: magazine

text: and

text: blog

text: about

text: Asian

text: and

text: Asian

text: American

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: issues

text: facing

text: Asians

text: and

text: Asian

text: Americans

text: Ahora

text: a

text: magazine

text: about

text: Hispanic

text: and

text: Latino

text: a

text: culture

text: and

text: campus

text: life

text: BlackBoard

text: Magazine

text: about

text: African

text: American

text: life

text: and

text: Al

text: Bayan

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Northwestern

text: Muslim

text: cultural

text: Student

text: Association

question: What is the name of Northwestern's main student newspaper?

answer: The Daily Northwestern

text: The Daily Northwestern

question: Who is The Daily Northwestern entirely directed by?

answer: undergraduates

text: undergraduates

question: Who owns The Daily Northwestern?

answer: the Students Publishing Company

text: the Students Publishing Company

question: What is the name of Northwestern's undergraduate yearbook?

answer: Syllabus

text: Syllabus

question: What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2009?

answer: Northwestern Flipside

text: Northwestern Flipside

question: What is the name of Southwestern's main student newspaper?

text: The Daily Northwestern

question: Who is The Daily Southwestern entirely directed by?

text: undergraduates

question: Who owns The Daily Southwestern?

text: Students Publishing Company

question: What is the name of Southwestern's undergraduate yearbook?

text: Syllabus

question: What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2007?

text: Northwestern Flipside


text: About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of the continent, precipitation is very low, down to 20 mm (0.8 in) per year; in a few "blue ice" areas precipitation is lower than mass loss by sublimation and so the local mass balance is negative. In the dry valleys, the same effect occurs over a rock base, leading to a desiccated landscape.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: About

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: ice

text: sheet

text: a

text: sheet

text: of

text: ice

text: averaging

text: at

text: least

text: km

text: mi

text: thick

text: The

text: continent

text: has

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: ice

text: and

text: thereby

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fresh

text: water

text: If

text: all

text: of

text: this

text: ice

text: were

text: melted

text: sea

text: levels

text: would

text: rise

text: about

text: m

text: ft

text: In

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: precipitation

text: is

text: very

text: low

text: down

text: to

text: mm

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: blue

text: ice

text: areas

text: precipitation

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: mass

text: loss

text: by

text: sublimation

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: local

text: mass

text: balance

text: is

text: negative

text: In

text: the

text: dry

text: valleys

text: the

text: same

text: effect

text: occurs

text: over

text: a

text: rock

text: base

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: desiccated

text: landscape

question: How much of Antarctica is covered by ice?

answer: 98%

question: How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica?

answer: 1.6 km

text: 1.6 km

question: How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica?

answer: 90%

question: How much of the Earth's fresh water is held in Antarctica?

answer: 70%

question: What is the amount of precipitation per year in the interior of Antarctica?

answer: 20 mm

text: 20 mm

question: What ice sheet covers all of Antarctica?

text: the Antarctic ice sheet

question: What ice sheet averages at least1 kilometer thick?

text: Antarctic ice sheet

question: What continent has 90% of the worlds fresh water?

text: Antarctic

question: What continent has 70% of the worlds ice?

text: Antarctic

question: Where on Antarctica is the ppercipitation as low as .8 mm?

text: the interior

question: What is, on average, 1.6 mi thick?

text: Antarctic ice sheet

question: What is 90% of Antarctica covered by?

text: Antarctic ice sheet

question: What does Antarctica have 98% of for the world?

text: world's ice

question: How much of Antarctica is fresh water?

question: How would the sea levels rise 200 m?

text: If all of this ice were melted


text: In times past, until the 15th century, in Korea, Literary Chinese was the dominant form of written communication, prior to the creation of hangul, the Korean alphabet. Much of the vocabulary, especially in the realms of science and sociology, comes directly from Chinese, comparable to Latin or Greek root words in European languages. However, due to the lack of tones in Korean,[citation needed] as the words were imported from Chinese, many dissimilar characters took on identical sounds, and subsequently identical spelling in hangul.[citation needed] Chinese characters are sometimes used to this day for either clarification in a practical manner, or to give a distinguished appearance, as knowledge of Chinese characters is considered a high class attribute and an indispensable part of a classical education.[citation needed] It is also observed that the preference for Chinese characters is treated as being conservative and Confucian.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: In

text: times

text: past

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Korea

text: Literary

text: Chinese

text: was

text: the

text: dominant

text: form

text: of

text: written

text: communication

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: hangul

text: the

text: Korean

text: alphabet

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: vocabulary

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: realms

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: sociology

text: comes

text: directly

text: from

text: Chinese

text: comparable

text: to

text: Latin

text: or

text: Greek

text: root

text: words

text: in

text: European

text: languages

text: However

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: tones

text: in

text: Korean,[citation

text: needed

text: as

text: the

text: words

text: were

text: imported

text: from

text: Chinese

text: many

text: dissimilar

text: characters

text: took

text: on

text: identical

text: sounds

text: and

text: subsequently

text: identical

text: spelling

text: in

text: hangul.[citation

text: needed

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: for

text: either

text: clarification

text: in

text: a

text: practical

text: manner

text: or

text: to

text: give

text: a

text: distinguished

text: appearance

text: as

text: knowledge

text: of

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: high

text: class

text: attribute

text: and

text: an

text: indispensable

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: classical

text: education.[citation

text: needed

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: observed

text: that

text: the

text: preference

text: for

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: is

text: treated

text: as

text: being

text: conservative

text: and

text: Confucian

question: What was the dominant form of written communication?

answer: Literary Chinese

text: Literary Chinese

question: What is treated as being conservative and confucian?

answer: Chinese characters

text: Chinese characters

question: What comes directly from China?

answer: science and sociology

text: science and sociology


text: Chief summits in the southern section of the Blue Ridge are located along two main crests—the Western or Unaka Front along the Tennessee-North Carolina border and the Eastern Front in North Carolina—or one of several "cross ridges" between the two main crests. Major subranges of the Eastern Front include the Black Mountains, Great Craggy Mountains, and Great Balsam Mountains, and its chief summits include Grandfather Mountain 5,964 ft (1,818 m) near the Tennessee-North Carolina border, Mount Mitchell 6,684 ft (2,037 m) in the Blacks, and Black Balsam Knob 6,214 ft (1,894 m) and Cold Mountain 6,030 ft (1,840 m) in the Great Balsams. The Western Blue Ridge Front is subdivided into the Unaka Range, the Bald Mountains, the Great Smoky Mountains, and the Unicoi Mountains, and its major peaks include Roan Mountain 6,285 ft (1,916 m) in the Unakas, Big Bald 5,516 ft (1,681 m) and Max Patch 4,616 ft (1,407 m) in the Bald Mountains, Clingmans Dome 6,643 ft (2,025 m), Mount Le Conte 6,593 feet (2,010 m), and Mount Guyot 6,621 ft (2,018 m) in the Great Smokies, and Big Frog Mountain 4,224 ft (1,287 m) near the Tennessee-Georgia-North Carolina border. Prominent summits in the cross ridges include Waterrock Knob (6,292 ft (1,918 m)) in the Plott Balsams. Across northern Georgia, numerous peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Brasstown Bald, the state's highest, at 4,784 ft (1,458 m) and 4,696 ft (1,431 m) Rabun Bald.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Chief

text: summits

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: are

text: located

text: along

text: two

text: main

text: crests

text: the

text: Western

text: or

text: Unaka

text: Front

text: along

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: North

text: Carolina

text: border

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: or

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: cross

text: ridges

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: crests

text: Major

text: subranges

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: include

text: the

text: Black

text: Mountains

text: Great

text: Craggy

text: Mountains

text: and

text: Great

text: Balsam

text: Mountains

text: and

text: its

text: chief

text: summits

text: include

text: Grandfather

text: Mountain

text: ft

text: m

text: near

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: North

text: Carolina

text: border

text: Mount

text: Mitchell

text: ft

text: m

text: in

text: the

text: Blacks

text: and

text: Black

text: Balsam

text: Knob

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: Cold

text: Mountain

text: ft

text: m

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Balsams

text: The

text: Western

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: Front

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Unaka

text: Range

text: the

text: Bald

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Great

text: Smoky

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Unicoi

text: Mountains

text: and

text: its

text: major

text: peaks

text: include

text: Roan

text: Mountain

text: ft

text: m

text: in

text: the

text: Unakas

text: Big

text: Bald

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: Max

text: Patch

text: ft

text: m

text: in

text: the

text: Bald

text: Mountains

text: Clingmans

text: Dome

text: ft

text: m

text: Mount

text: Le

text: Conte

text: feet

text: m

text: and

text: Mount

text: Guyot

text: ft

text: m

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Smokies

text: and

text: Big

text: Frog

text: Mountain

text: ft

text: m

text: near

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: Georgia

text: North

text: Carolina

text: border

text: Prominent

text: summits

text: in

text: the

text: cross

text: ridges

text: include

text: Waterrock

text: Knob

text: ft

text: m

text: in

text: the

text: Plott

text: Balsams

text: Across

text: northern

text: Georgia

text: numerous

text: peaks

text: exceed

text: ft

text: m

text: including

text: Brasstown

text: Bald

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: highest

text: at

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: ft

text: m

text: Rabun

text: Bald

question: What are the names of the two chief summits?

question: What is the Unaka front divided into?

question: What front is located in northern Georgia?

text: the Eastern Front

question: How many peaks in northern Georgia exceed 1,200 ft?

text: numerous


text: Mali faces numerous health challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation. Mali's health and development indicators rank among the worst in the world. Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 53.06 years in 2012. In 2000, 62–65 percent of the population was estimated to have access to safe drinking water and only 69 percent to sanitation services of some kind. In 2001, the general government expenditures on health totalled about US$4 per capita at an average exchange rate.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Mali

text: faces

text: numerous

text: health

text: challenges

text: related

text: to

text: poverty

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: inadequate

text: hygiene

text: and

text: sanitation

text: Mali

text: 's

text: health

text: and

text: development

text: indicators

text: rank

text: among

text: the

text: worst

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: birth

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: years

text: in

text: In

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: access

text: to

text: safe

text: drinking

text: water

text: and

text: only

text: percent

text: to

text: sanitation

text: services

text: of

text: some

text: kind

text: In

text: the

text: general

text: government

text: expenditures

text: on

text: health

text: totalled

text: about

text: US$

text: per

text: capita

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: exchange

text: rate

question: What four main health problems do the Malian people currently have?

answer: poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation

text: poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation

question: How does Malian Health and development rank globally?

answer: among the worst in the world

text: among the worst in the world

question: As of 2012 50.3 years is considered the Malian peoples averages of what statistic?

answer: Life expectancy

text: Life expectancy

question: In 2000 what percentage of the population had access to safe drinking water?

answer: 62–65

question: In 2000 roughly how much of the population had access to sanitation services?

answer: 69

question: What health challenges has Mali largely overcome?

question: Mali's what now rank among the best in the world?

text: health and development indicators

question: What was life expectancy estimated to be in 2000?

text: 53.06 years

question: What percentage of the population had safe drinking water in 2012?

question: What totaled US$40 per capita?

text: government expenditures on health


text: Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals. For specific details, an overview is available at Daylight saving time by country.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: world

text: has

text: seen

text: many

text: enactments

text: adjustments

text: and

text: repeals

text: For

text: specific

text: details

text: an

text: overview

text: is

text: available

text: at

text: Daylight

text: saving

text: time

text: by

text: country

question: Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?

answer: many

text: many

question: Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?

answer: repeals

text: repeals


text: The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States: Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or cahow. It was rediscovered in 1951 after having been thought extinct since the 1620s. It is important as an example of a Lazarus species. The government has a programme to protect it, including restoration of a habitat area. The Bermuda rock skink was long thought to have been the only indigenous land vertebrate of Bermuda, discounting the marine turtles that lay their eggs on its beaches. Recently through genetic DNA studies, scientists have discovered that a species of turtle, the diamondback terrapin, previously thought to have been introduced, pre-dated the arrival of humans in the archipelago. As this species spends most of its time in brackish ponds, some question whether it should be classified as a land vertebrate to compete with the skink's unique status.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: only

text: indigenous

text: mammals

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: are

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: bats

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: United

text: States

text: Lasionycteris

text: noctivagans

text: Lasiurus

text: borealis

text: Lasiurus

text: cinereus

text: Lasiurus

text: seminolus

text: and

text: Perimyotis

text: subflavus

text: Other

text: commonly

text: known

text: fauna

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: include

text: its

text: national

text: bird

text: the

text: Bermuda

text: petrel

text: or

text: cahow

text: It

text: was

text: rediscovered

text: in

text: after

text: having

text: been

text: thought

text: extinct

text: since

text: the

text: It

text: is

text: important

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: Lazarus

text: species

text: The

text: government

text: has

text: a

text: programme

text: to

text: protect

text: it

text: including

text: restoration

text: of

text: a

text: habitat

text: area

text: The

text: Bermuda

text: rock

text: skink

text: was

text: long

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: only

text: indigenous

text: land

text: vertebrate

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: discounting

text: the

text: marine

text: turtles

text: that

text: lay

text: their

text: eggs

text: on

text: its

text: beaches

text: Recently

text: through

text: genetic

text: DNA

text: studies

text: scientists

text: have

text: discovered

text: that

text: a

text: species

text: of

text: turtle

text: the

text: diamondback

text: terrapin

text: previously

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: pre

text: dated

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: humans

text: in

text: the

text: archipelago

text: As

text: this

text: species

text: spends

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: time

text: in

text: brackish

text: ponds

text: some

text: question

text: whether

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: land

text: vertebrate

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: the

text: skink

text: 's

text: unique

text: status

question: The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of what animal?

answer: bats

text: bats

question: What is the national bird of Bermuda?

answer: Bermuda petrel or cahow

text: Bermuda petrel or cahow

question: What animal was believe to be the only land vertebrate of Bermuda?

answer: Bermuda rock skink

text: Bermuda rock skink

question: What animal was found, through DNA testing, to pre-date the arrival of humans to the archipelago?

answer: diamondback terrapin

text: diamondback terrapin

question: What are the only native mammals found in Bermuda?

answer: bats

text: bats

question: What is the national bird of Bermuda?

answer: Bermuda petrel or cahow

text: Bermuda petrel or cahow

question: Why is the National bird of importance?

answer: example of a Lazarus species

text: example of a Lazarus species

question: What animal has held the title of Bermuda's only native land vertabrate?

answer: Bermuda rock skink

text: Bermuda rock skink

question: Why is there a debate as to dubbing the diamondback terrapin the oldest indigenous land vertebrate?

answer: this species spends most of its time in brackish ponds

text: this species spends most of its time in brackish ponds

question: What is one of five indigenous mammals of Bermuda?

text: bats,

question: What portion of Bermuda are bats found?

text: eastern

question: When was Bermuda's national bird first discovered?

question: What went extinct in 1620?

text: Bermuda petrel

question: What species of turtle was introduced in Bermuda?

text: diamondback terrapin


text: The state also has five Micropolitan Statistical Areas centered on Bozeman, Butte, Helena, Kalispell and Havre. These communities, excluding Havre, are colloquially known as the "big 7" Montana cities, as they are consistently the seven largest communities in Montana, with a significant population difference when these communities are compared to those that are 8th and lower on the list. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Montana's seven most populous cities, in rank order, are Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena and Kalispell. Based on 2013 census numbers, they collectively contain 35 percent of Montana's population. and the counties containing these communities hold 62 percent of the state's population. The geographic center of population of Montana is located in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: five

text: Micropolitan

text: Statistical

text: Areas

text: centered

text: on

text: Bozeman

text: Butte

text: Helena

text: Kalispell

text: and

text: Havre

text: These

text: communities

text: excluding

text: Havre

text: are

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: big

text: Montana

text: cities

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: consistently

text: the

text: seven

text: largest

text: communities

text: in

text: Montana

text: with

text: a

text: significant

text: population

text: difference

text: when

text: these

text: communities

text: are

text: compared

text: to

text: those

text: that

text: are

text: and

text: lower

text: on

text: the

text: list

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Montana

text: 's

text: seven

text: most

text: populous

text: cities

text: in

text: rank

text: order

text: are

text: Billings

text: Missoula

text: Great

text: Falls

text: Bozeman

text: Butte

text: Helena

text: and

text: Kalispell

text: Based

text: on

text: census

text: numbers

text: they

text: collectively

text: contain

text: percent

text: of

text: Montana

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: counties

text: containing

text: these

text: communities

text: hold

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: geographic

text: center

text: of

text: population

text: of

text: Montana

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: Meagher

text: County

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: White

text: Sulphur

text: Springs

question: How much of the states population does the "Big 7" have?

answer: 35 percent

text: 35 percent


text: Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows:

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Research

text: focusing

text: on

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: uses

text: scales

text: of

text: assessment

text: to

text: identify

text: who

text: belongs

text: in

text: which

text: sexual

text: population

text: group

text: It

text: is

text: assumed

text: that

text: these

text: scales

text: will

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: reliably

text: identify

text: and

text: categorize

text: people

text: by

text: their

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: determine

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: through

text: scales

text: of

text: assessment

text: due

text: to

text: ambiguity

text: regarding

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Generally

text: there

text: are

text: three

text: components

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: used

text: in

text: assessment

text: Their

text: definitions

text: and

text: examples

text: of

text: how

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: assessed

text: are

text: as

text: follows

question: How does research identify sexual population groups?

answer: scales of assessment

text: scales of assessment

question: What is the understanding of the scales used?

answer: to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation

text: to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation

question: Why might the scales fail?

answer: due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

text: due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

question: How many components are used in assessment?

answer: three components

text: three components

question: What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group?

answer: scales of assessment

text: scales of assessment

question: What is the general idea regading these scales that are used?

answer: assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation.

text: assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation.

question: What can cause problems with these scales that are used?

answer: ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

text: ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation

question: How many components are used in an assessment?

answer: there are three components of sexual orientation

text: there are three components of sexual orientation


text: Britain was concerned about Russian activity and Sir John Burgoyne senior advisor to Lord Aberdeen urged that the Dardanelles should be occupied and throw up works of sufficient strength to block any Russian move to capture Constantinople and gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men to the Dardanelles while Burgoyne went to Paris, meeting the British Ambassador and the French Emperor. The Lord Cowley wrote on 8 February to Burgoyne "Your visit to Paris has produced a visible change in the Emperor's views, and he is making every preparation for a land expedition in case the last attempt at negotiation should break down.":411

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Britain

text: was

text: concerned

text: about

text: Russian

text: activity

text: and

text: Sir

text: John

text: Burgoyne

text: senior

text: advisor

text: to

text: Lord

text: Aberdeen

text: urged

text: that

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: should

text: be

text: occupied

text: and

text: throw

text: up

text: works

text: of

text: sufficient

text: strength

text: to

text: block

text: any

text: Russian

text: move

text: to

text: capture

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: gain

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: Corps

text: of

text: Royal

text: Engineers

text: sent

text: men

text: to

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: while

text: Burgoyne

text: went

text: to

text: Paris

text: meeting

text: the

text: British

text: Ambassador

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Emperor

text: The

text: Lord

text: Cowley

text: wrote

text: on

text: February

text: to

text: Burgoyne

text: Your

text: visit

text: to

text: Paris

text: has

text: produced

text: a

text: visible

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: views

text: and

text: he

text: is

text: making

text: every

text: preparation

text: for

text: a

text: land

text: expedition

text: in

text: case

text: the

text: last

text: attempt

text: at

text: negotiation

text: should

text: break

question: Who was concerned with Russia  capturing Constantinople?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: Who sent men to the Dardanelles?

answer: The Corps of Royal Engineers

text: The Corps of Royal Engineers

question: As men were sent to the Dardanelles, where did Burgoyne go?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Who was Burgoyne visiting in Paris?

answer: British Ambassador and the French Emperor

text: British Ambassador and the French Emperor

question: Who wrote to Burgoyne on February 8th?

answer: Lord Cowley

text: Lord Cowley