text: A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun. The role of Apollo as god of plague is evident in the invocation of Apollo Smintheus ("mouse Apollo") by Chryses, the Trojan priest of Apollo, with the purpose of sending a plague against the Greeks (the reasoning behind a god of the plague becoming a god of healing is of course apotropaic, meaning that the god responsible for bringing the plague must be appeased in order to remove the plague).

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: non

text: Greek

text: etymologies

text: have

text: been

text: suggested

text: for

text: the

text: name

text: The

text: Hittite

text: form

text: Apaliunas

text: dx

text: ap

text: pa

text: li

text: u

text: aš

text: is

text: attested

text: in

text: the

text: Manapa

text: Tarhunta

text: letter

text: perhaps

text: related

text: to

text: Hurrian

text: and

text: certainly

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: Aplu

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: plague

text: in

text: turn

text: likely

text: from

text: Akkadian

text: Aplu

text: Enlil

text: meaning

text: simply

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Enlil

text: a

text: title

text: that

text: was

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: god

text: Nergal

text: who

text: was

text: linked

text: to

text: Shamash

text: Babylonian

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: Apollo

text: as

text: god

text: of

text: plague

text: is

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: invocation

text: of

text: Apollo

text: Smintheus

text: mouse

text: Apollo

text: by

text: Chryses

text: the

text: Trojan

text: priest

text: of

text: Apollo

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: sending

text: a

text: plague

text: against

text: the

text: Greeks

text: the

text: reasoning

text: behind

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: plague

text: becoming

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: healing

text: is

text: of

text: course

text: apotropaic

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: god

text: responsible

text: for

text: bringing

text: the

text: plague

text: must

text: be

text: appeased

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: plague

question: Who is a god of plague?

answer: Aplu

text: Aplu

question: What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil?

answer: the son of Enlil

text: the son of Enlil

question: What title was given to the god Nergal?

answer: Akkadian Aplu Enlil

text: Akkadian Aplu Enlil

question: Who was the Trojan priest of Apollo?

answer: Chryses

text: Chryses


text: Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: Originally

text: a

text: FireWire

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: host

text: computer

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: update

text: songs

text: or

text: recharge

text: the

text: battery

text: The

text: battery

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: charged

text: with

text: a

text: power

text: adapter

text: that

text: was

text: included

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: generations

question: What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files?

answer: FireWire

text: FireWire

question: What was an alternate method of charging the iPod?

answer: power adapter

text: power adapter

question: What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod?

answer: FireWire

text: FireWire


text: The final two contestants were Lee DeWyze and Bowersox. DeWyze was declared the winner during the May 26 finale. No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song – DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain". This is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: final

text: two

text: contestants

text: were

text: Lee

text: DeWyze

text: and

text: Bowersox

text: DeWyze

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: winner

text: during

text: the

text: May

text: finale

text: No

text: new

text: song

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: coronation

text: song

text: this

text: year

text: instead

text: the

text: two

text: finalists

text: each

text: released

text: a

text: cover

text: song

text: DeWyze

text: chose

text: 's

text: Beautiful

text: Day

text: and

text: Bowersox

text: chose

text: Patty

text: Griffin

text: 's

text: Up

text: to

text: the

text: Mountain

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: where

text: neither

text: finalist

text: achieved

text: significant

text: album

text: sales

question: Who was the winner of American Idols ninth season?

answer: Lee DeWyze

text: Lee DeWyze

question: What U2 song was released by Lee DeWyze after winning American Idol?

answer: Beautiful Day

text: Beautiful Day

question: When was the finale held?

answer: May 26

text: May 26

question: What song did DeWyze cover for his first release?

answer: Beautiful Day

text: Beautiful Day

question: Which song did Bowersox cover for her first release?

answer: Up to the Mountain

text: Up to the Mountain


text: In the course of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–25 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. After the Eighty Years' War in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion, the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648. It devastated much of Germany, killing between 25% and 40% of its population. The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, were:

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: this

text: religious

text: upheaval

text: the

text: German

text: Peasants

text: War

text: of

text: swept

text: through

text: the

text: Bavarian

text: Thuringian

text: and

text: Swabian

text: principalities

text: After

text: the

text: Eighty

text: Years

text: War

text: in

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Wars

text: of

text: Religion

text: the

text: confessional

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: eventually

text: erupted

text: in

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: devastated

text: much

text: of

text: Germany

text: killing

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: The

text: main

text: tenets

text: of

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Westphalia

text: which

text: ended

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: were

question: When was the German Peasants' War?

answer: 1524–25

question: What war was waged from 1618 to 1648?

answer: the Thirty Years' War

text: the Thirty Years' War

question: How much was the German population reduced during the Thirty Years' War?

answer: between 25% and 40%

text: between 25% and 40%

question: What treaty ended the Thirty Years' War?

answer: the Peace of Westphalia

text: the Peace of Westphalia

question: Where was the German Peasants' War?

answer: the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities

text: the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities


text: Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name "Paul" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed] He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which was automatically closed with the death of John XXIII, and gave it priority and direction. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform policies of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals. Following his famous predecessor Saint Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI sought dialogue with the world, with other Christians, other religions, and atheists, excluding nobody. He saw himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes of the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Upon

text: his

text: election

text: to

text: the

text: papacy

text: Montini

text: took

text: the

text: pontifical

text: name

text: Paul

text: VI

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: name

text: Paul

text: since

text: to

text: indicate

text: a

text: renewed

text: worldwide

text: mission

text: to

text: spread

text: the

text: message

text: of

text: Christ

text: following

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: Apostle

text: St.

text: Paul.[citation

text: needed

text: He

text: re

text: convened

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: which

text: was

text: automatically

text: closed

text: with

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: John

text: XXIII

text: and

text: gave

text: it

text: priority

text: and

text: direction

text: After

text: the

text: council

text: had

text: concluded

text: its

text: work

text: Paul

text: VI

text: took

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: interpretation

text: and

text: implementation

text: of

text: its

text: mandates

text: often

text: walking

text: a

text: thin

text: line

text: between

text: the

text: conflicting

text: expectations

text: of

text: various

text: groups

text: within

text: Catholicism

text: The

text: magnitude

text: and

text: depth

text: of

text: the

text: reforms

text: affecting

text: all

text: fields

text: of

text: Church

text: life

text: during

text: his

text: pontificate

text: exceeded

text: similar

text: reform

text: policies

text: of

text: his

text: predecessors

text: and

text: successors

text: Paul

text: VI

text: was

text: a

text: Marian

text: devotee

text: speaking

text: repeatedly

text: to

text: Marian

text: congresses

text: and

text: mariological

text: meetings

text: visiting

text: Marian

text: shrines

text: and

text: issuing

text: three

text: Marian

text: encyclicals

text: Following

text: his

text: famous

text: predecessor

text: Saint

text: Ambrose

text: of

text: Milan

text: he

text: named

text: Mary

text: as

text: the

text: Mother

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: Paul

text: VI

text: sought

text: dialogue

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: other

text: Christians

text: other

text: religions

text: and

text: atheists

text: excluding

text: nobody

text: He

text: saw

text: himself

text: as

text: a

text: humble

text: servant

text: for

text: a

text: suffering

text: humanity

text: and

text: demanded

text: significant

text: changes

text: of

text: the

text: rich

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: the

text: poor

text: in

text: the

text: Third

text: World

text: His

text: positions

text: on

text: birth

text: control

text: promulgated

text: most

text: famously

text: in

text: the

text: encyclical

text: Humanae

text: vitae

text: and

text: other

text: political

text: issues

text: were

text: often

text: controversial

text: especially

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

question: What type of devotee was Pope Paul VI?

answer: Marian

text: Marian

question: What name had not been used for a Pope since the year 1605?

answer: "Paul"

text: "Paul"

question: In what year was the name "Paul" last used as a pontifical name before Pope Paul VI became Pope?

answer: 1605

question: What did Pope Paul VI re-convene when he became Pope?

answer: the Second Vatican Council

text: the Second Vatican Council

question: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion?

answer: encyclical Humanae vitae

text: encyclical Humanae vitae


text: All England matches are broadcast with full commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live. From the 2008–09 season until the 2017–18 season, England's home and away qualifiers, and friendlies both home and away are broadcast live on ITV (often with the exception of STV, the ITV affiliate in central and northern Scotland). England's away qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup were shown on Setanta Sports until that company's collapse. As a result of Setanta Sports's demise, England's World Cup qualifier in Ukraine on 10 October 2009 was shown in the United Kingdom on a pay-per-view basis via the internet only. This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way. The number of subscribers, paying between £4.99 and £11.99 each, was estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 and the total number of viewers at around 500,000.

title: England_national_football_team

title: England_national_football_team

text: All

text: England

text: matches

text: are

text: broadcast

text: with

text: full

text: commentary

text: on

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: Live

text: From

text: the

text: season

text: until

text: the

text: season

text: England

text: 's

text: home

text: and

text: away

text: qualifiers

text: and

text: friendlies

text: both

text: home

text: and

text: away

text: are

text: broadcast

text: live

text: on

text: ITV

text: often

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: STV

text: the

text: ITV

text: affiliate

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: northern

text: Scotland

text: England

text: 's

text: away

text: qualifiers

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: were

text: shown

text: on

text: Setanta

text: Sports

text: until

text: that

text: company

text: 's

text: collapse

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Setanta

text: Sports

text: 's

text: demise

text: England

text: 's

text: World

text: Cup

text: qualifier

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: on

text: October

text: was

text: shown

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: on

text: a

text: pay

text: per

text: view

text: basis

text: via

text: the

text: internet

text: only

text: This

text: one

text: off

text: event

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: an

text: England

text: game

text: had

text: been

text: screened

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: way

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: subscribers

text: paying

text: between

text: and

text: each

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: viewers

text: at

text: around

question: Commentated broadcasts of all England matches air on what network?

answer: BBC Radio 5 Live

text: BBC Radio 5 Live

question: What was the first season in which England's qualifiers and friendlies were broadcast on ITV?

answer: 2008–09

question: What network is ITV's affiliate in northern and central Scotland?

answer: STV

text: STV

question: In what year was an England football match aired only via the internet for the first time?

answer: 2009

question: Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009?

answer: 500,000

question: In what year did BBC Radio 5 Live start broadcasting England's matches?

question: Who won the 2010 World Cup?

text: England

question: How many people listen to BBC Radio 5 Live broadcasts of England's matches during the 2008-09 season?

question: In what year was Setanta Sports founded?

question: Who did England play against on 10 October 2009?

text: Ukraine


text: Anthropology of development tends to view development from a critical perspective. The kind of issues addressed and implications for the approach simply involve pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why are those working in development so willing to disregard history and the lessons it might offer? Why is development so externally driven rather than having an internal basis? In short why does so much planned development fail?

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Anthropology

text: of

text: development

text: tends

text: to

text: view

text: development

text: from

text: a

text: critical

text: perspective

text: The

text: kind

text: of

text: issues

text: addressed

text: and

text: implications

text: for

text: the

text: approach

text: simply

text: involve

text: pondering

text: why

text: if

text: a

text: key

text: development

text: goal

text: is

text: to

text: alleviate

text: poverty

text: is

text: poverty

text: increasing

text: Why

text: is

text: there

text: such

text: a

text: gap

text: between

text: plans

text: and

text: outcomes

text: Why

text: are

text: those

text: working

text: in

text: development

text: so

text: willing

text: to

text: disregard

text: history

text: and

text: the

text: lessons

text: it

text: might

text: offer

text: Why

text: is

text: development

text: so

text: externally

text: driven

text: rather

text: than

text: having

text: an

text: internal

text: basis

text: In

text: short

text: why

text: does

text: so

text: much

text: planned

text: development

text: fail

question: What perspective does development anthropology view development from?

answer: critical

text: critical

question: What does development anthropology involves doing a lot of?

answer: pondering

text: pondering

question: Development anthropologists would like to know why if a goal is to alleviate poverty, that poverty is doing what?

answer: increasing

text: increasing

question: When it comes to plans and outcomes, what do development anthropologists look at between them?

answer: gap

text: gap

question: What does a lot of planned development apparently do?

answer: fail

text: fail

question: What tends to view development from a positive perspective?

text: Anthropology of development

question: What field of anthropology has a goal to eleviate poverty?

text: Anthropology of development

question: What looks for the connections between plans and outcomes?

text: Anthropology of development

question: What type of development rarely fails?

text: planned development


text: Another popular argument for affirmative action is the compensation argument. Blacks were mistreated in the past for a morally irrelevant characteristic of being black so society today should compensate for the injuries. This causes reverse discrimination in the form of preferential hirings, contracts, and scholarships as a means to ameliorate past wrongs. Many opponents argue that this form of reparation is morally indefensible because if blacks were harmed for being black in the past, then preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical. In addition, arguments are made that whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over. Therefore, they are being reverse discriminated against because they are receiving the punishment that should be given to people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Another

text: popular

text: argument

text: for

text: affirmative

text: action

text: is

text: the

text: compensation

text: argument

text: Blacks

text: were

text: mistreated

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: for

text: a

text: morally

text: irrelevant

text: characteristic

text: of

text: being

text: black

text: so

text: society

text: today

text: should

text: compensate

text: for

text: the

text: injuries

text: This

text: causes

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: preferential

text: hirings

text: contracts

text: and

text: scholarships

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: ameliorate

text: past

text: wrongs

text: Many

text: opponents

text: argue

text: that

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: reparation

text: is

text: morally

text: indefensible

text: because

text: if

text: blacks

text: were

text: harmed

text: for

text: being

text: black

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: then

text: preferential

text: treatment

text: for

text: this

text: same

text: trait

text: is

text: illogical

text: In

text: addition

text: arguments

text: are

text: made

text: that

text: whites

text: today

text: who

text: innocently

text: benefited

text: from

text: past

text: injustices

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: punished

text: for

text: something

text: they

text: had

text: no

text: control

text: over

text: Therefore

text: they

text: are

text: being

text: reverse

text: discriminated

text: against

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: receiving

text: the

text: punishment

text: that

text: should

text: be

text: given

text: to

text: people

text: who

text: willingly

text: and

text: knowingly

text: benefited

text: from

text: discriminatory

text: practices

question: What is a typical argument in favor of affirmative action?

answer: compensation argument

text: compensation argument

question: In the compensation argument, who should supposedly have to make up for past discrimination against blacks?

answer: society today should compensate for the injuries

text: society today should compensate for the injuries

question: Which argument is being made by those who oppose affirmative action in relation to the compensation argument?

answer: preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical

text: preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical

question: In terms of whites, what is an argument that is used to try and refute the benefits of affirmative action as it relates to the compensation argument?

answer: whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over

text: whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over

question: According to opposition believers, who should be punished for discrimination?

answer: people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices

text: people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices

question: What is a typical argument against affirmative action?

text: compensation argument

question: In the compensation argument, who should supposedly have to make up for past discrimination against whites?

question: Which argument is being made by those who support affirmative action in relation to the compensation argument?

question: In terms of blacks, what is an argument that is used to try and refute the benefits of affirmative action as it relates to the compensation argument?


text: Although most of the simplified Chinese characters in use today are the result of the works moderated by the government of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and 60s, character simplification predates the republic's formation in 1949. One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lufei Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and many Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. In many world languages, literacy has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms. The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. In the 1950s and 1960s, while confusion about simplified characters was still rampant, transitional characters that mixed simplified parts with yet-to-be simplified parts of characters together appeared briefly, then disappeared.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Although

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: works

text: moderated

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: character

text: simplification

text: predates

text: the

text: republic

text: 's

text: formation

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: proponents

text: of

text: character

text: simplification

text: was

text: Lufei

text: Kui

text: who

text: proposed

text: in

text: that

text: simplified

text: characters

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: education

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: following

text: the

text: May

text: Fourth

text: Movement

text: in

text: many

text: anti

text: imperialist

text: Chinese

text: intellectuals

text: sought

text: ways

text: to

text: modernise

text: China

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: discussions

text: on

text: character

text: simplification

text: took

text: place

text: within

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: government

text: and

text: many

text: Chinese

text: intellectuals

text: and

text: writers

text: have

text: long

text: maintained

text: that

text: character

text: simplification

text: would

text: help

text: boost

text: literacy

text: in

text: China

text: In

text: many

text: world

text: languages

text: literacy

text: has

text: been

text: promoted

text: as

text: a

text: justification

text: for

text: spelling

text: reforms

text: The

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: issued

text: its

text: first

text: round

text: of

text: official

text: character

text: simplifications

text: in

text: two

text: documents

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: while

text: confusion

text: about

text: simplified

text: characters

text: was

text: still

text: rampant

text: transitional

text: characters

text: that

text: mixed

text: simplified

text: parts

text: with

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: simplified

text: parts

text: of

text: characters

text: together

text: appeared

text: briefly

text: then

text: disappeared

question: What has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms?

answer: literacy

text: literacy

question: Character simplification predated the republic's formation in what year?

answer: 1949

question: Who issued the first round of official characters?

answer: The People's Republic of China

text: The People's Republic of China


text: The ABS plastic used in the casing of some older SNES and Super Famicom consoles is particularly susceptible to oxidization on exposure to air, likely due to an incorrect mixture of the stabilizing or flame retarding additives. This, along with the particularly light color of the original plastic, causes affected consoles to quickly become yellow; if the sections of the casing came from different batches of plastic, a "two-tone" effect results. The color can sometimes be restored with UV light and a hydrogen peroxide solution.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: ABS

text: plastic

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: casing

text: of

text: some

text: older

text: SNES

text: and

text: Super

text: Famicom

text: consoles

text: is

text: particularly

text: susceptible

text: to

text: oxidization

text: on

text: exposure

text: to

text: air

text: likely

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: incorrect

text: mixture

text: of

text: the

text: stabilizing

text: or

text: flame

text: retarding

text: additives

text: This

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: particularly

text: light

text: color

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: plastic

text: causes

text: affected

text: consoles

text: to

text: quickly

text: become

text: yellow

text: if

text: the

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: casing

text: came

text: from

text: different

text: batches

text: of

text: plastic

text: a

text: two

text: tone

text: effect

text: results

text: The

text: color

text: can

text: sometimes

text: be

text: restored

text: with

text: UV

text: light

text: and

text: a

text: hydrogen

text: peroxide

text: solution

question: What material is the SNES case made of?

answer: ABS plastic

text: ABS plastic

question: What chemical process turned some SNES cases yellow?

answer: oxidization

text: oxidization

question: What mixture error in the plastic caused some SNES cases to turn yellow?

answer: an incorrect mixture of the stabilizing or flame retarding additives

text: an incorrect mixture of the stabilizing or flame retarding additives

question: How can SNES yellowing sometimes be reversed?

answer: with UV light and a hydrogen peroxide solution

text: with UV light and a hydrogen peroxide solution

question: Why would some SNESes be only partly yellow?

answer: if the sections of the casing came from different batches of plastic

text: if the sections of the casing came from different batches of plastic

question: What color did affected consoles become after exposure to UV light?

text: yellow

question: What are flame retarding additives susceptible to?

text: oxidization

question: What does hydrogen peroxide inside the cases cause if they came from different batches of plastic?

text: a "two-tone" effect

question: What does the light color of additives help restore to a console?

text: The color

question: What is caused due to an incorrect mixture of a hydrogen peroxide solution during manufacturing?

text: oxidization


text: The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier. This dry season subdivides into a cold period and a warm period. The cold period spans from November to February when polar air masses push down from the north and keep the air fairly dry. The warm period extends from March to May when tropical winds again dominate but do not yet carry enough moisture for rain.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: area

text: receives

text: about

text: millimetres

text: in

text: of

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: which

text: is

text: concentrated

text: from

text: June

text: through

text: September

text: October

text: with

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: precipitation

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: area

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: seasons

text: The

text: rainy

text: season

text: runs

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: October

text: when

text: winds

text: bring

text: in

text: tropical

text: moisture

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: The

text: dry

text: season

text: runs

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: May

text: when

text: the

text: air

text: is

text: relatively

text: drier

text: This

text: dry

text: season

text: subdivides

text: into

text: a

text: cold

text: period

text: and

text: a

text: warm

text: period

text: The

text: cold

text: period

text: spans

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: February

text: when

text: polar

text: air

text: masses

text: push

text: down

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: keep

text: the

text: air

text: fairly

text: dry

text: The

text: warm

text: period

text: extends

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: May

text: when

text: tropical

text: winds

text: again

text: dominate

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: yet

text: carry

text: enough

text: moisture

text: for

text: rain

question: How much rain falls on Mexico City?

answer: 820 millimetres (32.3 in)

text: 820 millimetres (32.3 in)

question: When is it warm, yet does not rain?

answer: March to May

text: March to May

question: When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City?

answer: June to October

text: June to October

question: When is it coldest in Mexico City?

answer: November to February

text: November to February

question: What mostly controls the rain in Mexico City?

answer: tropical winds

text: tropical winds


text: There is a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, with the illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. With approximately 12,000 sport hunters applying for hunting licences in recent years (in a very small country of about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants), there is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). As such hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. Added to that, there is a thriving and very lucrative black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies) and the numbers of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species (red-rumped agouti, lowland paca, nine-banded armadillo, collared peccary, and red brocket deer) are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only just recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been extirpated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. Various herons, ducks, doves, the green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and undergo no official basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit). The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws, with hunting occurring both in and out of season, and even in wildlife sanctuaries. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with well drafted legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. It remains to be seen if the drafted legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and if the general populace will move towards a greater awareness of the importance of wildlife conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: active

text: tradition

text: of

text: hunting

text: of

text: small

text: to

text: medium

text: sized

text: wild

text: game

text: in

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: Hunting

text: is

text: carried

text: out

text: with

text: firearms

text: and

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: hounds

text: with

text: the

text: illegal

text: use

text: of

text: trap

text: guns

text: trap

text: cages

text: and

text: snare

text: nets

text: With

text: approximately

text: sport

text: hunters

text: applying

text: for

text: hunting

text: licences

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: in

text: a

text: very

text: small

text: country

text: of

text: about

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Delaware

text: at

text: about

text: square

text: kilometers

text: and

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: concern

text: that

text: the

text: practice

text: might

text: not

text: be

text: sustainable

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: at

text: present

text: no

text: bag

text: limits

text: and

text: the

text: open

text: season

text: is

text: comparatively

text: very

text: long

text: months

text: October

text: to

text: February

text: inclusive

text: As

text: such

text: hunting

text: pressure

text: from

text: legal

text: hunters

text: is

text: very

text: high

text: Added

text: to

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: thriving

text: and

text: very

text: lucrative

text: black

text: market

text: for

text: poached

text: wild

text: game

text: sold

text: and

text: enthusiastically

text: purchased

text: as

text: expensive

text: luxury

text: delicacies

text: and

text: the

text: numbers

text: of

text: commercial

text: poachers

text: in

text: operation

text: is

text: unknown

text: but

text: presumed

text: to

text: be

text: fairly

text: high

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: populations

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: major

text: mammalian

text: game

text: species

text: red

text: rumped

text: agouti

text: lowland

text: paca

text: nine

text: banded

text: armadillo

text: collared

text: peccary

text: and

text: red

text: brocket

text: deer

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: quite

text: low

text: although

text: scientifically

text: conducted

text: population

text: studies

text: are

text: only

text: just

text: recently

text: being

text: conducted

text: as

text: of

text: It

text: appears

text: that

text: the

text: red

text: brocket

text: deer

text: population

text: has

text: been

text: extirpated

text: on

text: Tobago

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: over

text: hunting

text: Various

text: herons

text: ducks

text: doves

text: the

text: green

text: iguana

text: the

text: gold

text: tegu

text: the

text: spectacled

text: caiman

text: and

text: the

text: common

text: opossum

text: are

text: also

text: commonly

text: hunted

text: and

text: poached

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: some

text: poaching

text: of

text: fully

text: protected

text: species

text: including

text: red

text: howler

text: monkeys

text: and

text: capuchin

text: monkeys

text: southern

text: tamanduas

text: Brazilian

text: porcupines

text: yellow

text: footed

text: tortoises

text: Trinidad

text: piping

text: guans

text: and

text: even

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: birds

text: the

text: scarlet

text: ibis

text: Legal

text: hunters

text: pay

text: very

text: small

text: fees

text: to

text: obtain

text: hunting

text: licences

text: and

text: undergo

text: no

text: official

text: basic

text: conservation

text: biology

text: or

text: hunting

text: ethics

text: training

text: There

text: is

text: presumed

text: to

text: be

text: relatively

text: very

text: little

text: subsistence

text: hunting

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: most

text: hunting

text: for

text: either

text: sport

text: or

text: commercial

text: profit

text: The

text: local

text: wildlife

text: management

text: authority

text: is

text: under

text: staffed

text: and

text: under

text: funded

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: very

text: little

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: of

text: enforcement

text: is

text: done

text: to

text: uphold

text: existing

text: wildlife

text: management

text: laws

text: with

text: hunting

text: occurring

text: both

text: in

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: season

text: and

text: even

text: in

text: wildlife

text: sanctuaries

text: There

text: is

text: some

text: indication

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: beginning

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: wildlife

text: management

text: more

text: seriously

text: with

text: well

text: drafted

text: legislation

text: being

text: brought

text: before

text: Parliament

text: in

text: It

text: remains

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: if

text: the

text: drafted

text: legislation

text: will

text: be

text: fully

text: adopted

text: and

text: financially

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: current

text: and

text: future

text: governments

text: and

text: if

text: the

text: general

text: populace

text: will

text: move

text: towards

text: a

text: greater

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: wildlife

text: conservation

text: and

text: change

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: wanton

text: consumption

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: sustainable

text: management

question: Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game?

answer: Trinidad and Tobago

text: Trinidad and Tobago

question: Approximately how many sport hunters applied for hunting licences in recent years?

answer: 12,000

question: What is there a very lucrative and thriving black market for?

answer: poached wild game

text: poached wild game

question: What is hunting pressure from?

answer: high

text: high

question: What very active tradition Trinidad and Tabago have?

answer: hunting of small to medium-sized wild game

text: hunting of small to medium-sized wild game

question: What animal aids in the hunting?

answer: hounds

text: hounds

question: What population has extirpated?

answer: red brocket deer

text: red brocket deer

question: What do hunters pay to obtain hunting license?

answer: very small fees

text: very small fees

question: What is traded on the black market in Delaware?

text: poached wild game

question: What is the number of poachers located in Delaware?

text: fairly high

question: What training is needed to get a hunting license in Delaware?

text: hunting-ethics training

question: What is the state of the wildlife authority in Delaware?

text: under-staffed and under-funded

question: How often is hunting occurring in Delaware each year?

text: occurring both in and out of season


text: UN aerial reconnaissance had difficulty sighting PVA units in daytime, because their march and bivouac discipline minimized aerial detection. The PVA marched "dark-to-dark" (19:00–03:00), and aerial camouflage (concealing soldiers, pack animals, and equipment) was deployed by 05:30. Meanwhile, daylight advance parties scouted for the next bivouac site. During daylight activity or marching, soldiers were to remain motionless if an aircraft appeared, until it flew away; PVA officers were under order to shoot security violators. Such battlefield discipline allowed a three-division army to march the 286 miles (460 km) from An-tung, Manchuria, to the combat zone in some 19 days. Another division night-marched a circuitous mountain route, averaging 18 miles (29 km) daily for 18 days.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: UN

text: aerial

text: reconnaissance

text: had

text: difficulty

text: sighting

text: PVA

text: units

text: in

text: daytime

text: because

text: their

text: march

text: and

text: bivouac

text: discipline

text: minimized

text: aerial

text: detection

text: The

text: PVA

text: marched

text: dark

text: to

text: dark

text: and

text: aerial

text: camouflage

text: concealing

text: soldiers

text: pack

text: animals

text: and

text: equipment

text: was

text: deployed

text: by

text: Meanwhile

text: daylight

text: advance

text: parties

text: scouted

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: bivouac

text: site

text: During

text: daylight

text: activity

text: or

text: marching

text: soldiers

text: were

text: to

text: remain

text: motionless

text: if

text: an

text: aircraft

text: appeared

text: until

text: it

text: flew

text: away

text: PVA

text: officers

text: were

text: under

text: order

text: to

text: shoot

text: security

text: violators

text: Such

text: battlefield

text: discipline

text: allowed

text: a

text: three

text: division

text: army

text: to

text: march

text: the

text: miles

text: km

text: from

text: An

text: tung

text: Manchuria

text: to

text: the

text: combat

text: zone

text: in

text: some

text: days

text: Another

text: division

text: night

text: marched

text: a

text: circuitous

text: mountain

text: route

text: averaging

text: miles

text: km

text: daily

text: for

text: days

question: What made seeing the PVA units difficult during the day?

answer: their march and bivouac discipline

text: their march and bivouac discipline

question: What were PVA troops told to do when planes flew by?

answer: remain motionless

text: remain motionless

question: How many days did it take PVA forces to march 286 miles?

answer: 19

question: What were PVA officers supposed to do if troops disobeyed the security protocol?

answer: shoot security violators

text: shoot security violators

question: When would PVA forces march to minimize the chances of being seen?

answer: 19:00–03:00


text: The successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds depends on several factors. These include host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial. A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on the bacterial growth phase, and it often requires ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells. These findings are based on laboratory studies, and in clinical settings have also been shown to eliminate bacterial infection. Since the activity of antibacterials depends frequently on its concentration, in vitro characterization of antibacterial activity commonly includes the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of an antibacterial. To predict clinical outcome, the antimicrobial activity of an antibacterial is usually combined with its pharmacokinetic profile, and several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: The

text: successful

text: outcome

text: of

text: antimicrobial

text: therapy

text: with

text: antibacterial

text: compounds

text: depends

text: on

text: several

text: factors

text: These

text: include

text: host

text: defense

text: mechanisms

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: infection

text: and

text: the

text: pharmacokinetic

text: and

text: pharmacodynamic

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: antibacterial

text: A

text: bactericidal

text: activity

text: of

text: antibacterials

text: may

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: bacterial

text: growth

text: phase

text: and

text: it

text: often

text: requires

text: ongoing

text: metabolic

text: activity

text: and

text: division

text: of

text: bacterial

text: cells

text: These

text: findings

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: laboratory

text: studies

text: and

text: in

text: clinical

text: settings

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: eliminate

text: bacterial

text: infection

text: Since

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: antibacterials

text: depends

text: frequently

text: on

text: its

text: concentration

text: in

text: vitro

text: characterization

text: of

text: antibacterial

text: activity

text: commonly

text: includes

text: the

text: determination

text: of

text: the

text: minimum

text: inhibitory

text: concentration

text: and

text: minimum

text: bactericidal

text: concentration

text: of

text: an

text: antibacterial

text: To

text: predict

text: clinical

text: outcome

text: the

text: antimicrobial

text: activity

text: of

text: an

text: antibacterial

text: is

text: usually

text: combined

text: with

text: its

text: pharmacokinetic

text: profile

text: and

text: several

text: pharmacological

text: parameters

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: markers

text: of

text: drug

text: efficacy

question: What does the bactericidal activitty of antibacterials depend on what?

answer: bacterial growth phase

text: bacterial growth phase

question: What does this eliminate?

answer: bacterial infection

text: bacterial infection

question: What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in bactericidal activity?

answer: division of bacterial cells

text: division of bacterial cells

question: What does the activity of antibacterials depends on?

answer: concentration

text: concentration

question: What does a successful treatment using antibiotics entail?

answer: host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial

text: host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial

question: What does the potency of antibacterials depend upon?

answer: concentration

text: concentration

question: How do you predict the clinical result?

answer: several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy

text: several pharmacological parameters are used as markers of drug efficacy

question: What does the infection activity of antibacterials depends on?

text: bacterial growth phase

question: What besides ongoing metabolic activity is required in drug efficacy?

text: division of bacterial cells

question: What does the activity of defense mechanisms depend on?

text: concentration

question: What does a successful treatment using pharmacological parameters entail?

question: How do you predict the cell division?


text: On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: On

text: April

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: Apple

text: had

text: sold

text: its

text: one

text: hundred

text: millionth

text: iPod

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: biggest

text: selling

text: digital

text: music

text: player

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: In

text: April

text: Apple

text: reported

text: second

text: quarter

text: revenue

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: made

text: from

text: iPod

text: sales

text: Apple

text: and

text: several

text: industry

text: analysts

text: suggest

text: that

text: iPod

text: users

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: purchase

text: other

text: Apple

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: Mac

text: computers

question: How many iPods did Apple reveal it sold in April of 2007?

answer: hundred million

text: hundred million

question: How much of Apple's revenue was generated by iPod purchases in Q2 of 2007?

answer: 32%

question: What is an item that owners of iPods may also purchase?

answer: Mac computers

text: Mac computers

question: How much revenue did Apple announce for Q2 2007?

answer: $5.2 billion

text: $5.2 billion

question: In which year did Apple top sales of 100,000,000 iPods?

answer: 2007

question: As of 2007, what percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales?

answer: 32%


text: The greatest number of surviving Gothic buildings are churches. These range from tiny chapels to large cathedrals, and although many have been extended and altered in different styles, a large number remain either substantially intact or sympathetically restored, demonstrating the form, character and decoration of Gothic architecture. The Gothic style is most particularly associated with the great cathedrals of Northern France, the Low Countries, England and Spain, with other fine examples occurring across Europe.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: greatest

text: number

text: of

text: surviving

text: Gothic

text: buildings

text: are

text: churches

text: These

text: range

text: from

text: tiny

text: chapels

text: to

text: large

text: cathedrals

text: and

text: although

text: many

text: have

text: been

text: extended

text: and

text: altered

text: in

text: different

text: styles

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: remain

text: either

text: substantially

text: intact

text: or

text: sympathetically

text: restored

text: demonstrating

text: the

text: form

text: character

text: and

text: decoration

text: of

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: The

text: Gothic

text: style

text: is

text: most

text: particularly

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: great

text: cathedrals

text: of

text: Northern

text: France

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: England

text: and

text: Spain

text: with

text: other

text: fine

text: examples

text: occurring

text: across

text: Europe

question: What type of structures remaining today have the largest amount of examples of the Gothic style?

answer: churches

text: churches

question: What is one region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

answer: Northern France

text: Northern France

question: What is another region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

answer: the Low Countries

text: the Low Countries

question: What is one country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

answer: England

text: England

question: What is another country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: What type of structures remaining today have the only examples of the Gothic style?

text: churches

question: What is one region with which the Gothic style is distinctly forbidden?

text: Northern France

question: What is the only region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?

text: the Low Countries

question: What country no longer has examples of Gothic buildings?

text: England


text: Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate. Previously as Pro-Secretary, he had worked hard to unify a worldwide organization of lay people of 58 nations, representing 42 national organizations. He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951. The second meeting in 1957 gave Montini an opportunity to express the lay apostolate in modern terms: "Apostolate means love. We will love all, but especially those, who need help... We will love our time, our technology, our art, our sports, our world."

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Pius

text: XII

text: asked

text: Archbishop

text: Montini

text: to

text: Rome

text: October

text: where

text: he

text: gave

text: the

text: main

text: presentation

text: to

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: Congress

text: of

text: Lay

text: Apostolate

text: Previously

text: as

text: Pro

text: Secretary

text: he

text: had

text: worked

text: hard

text: to

text: unify

text: a

text: worldwide

text: organization

text: of

text: lay

text: people

text: of

text: nations

text: representing

text: national

text: organizations

text: He

text: presented

text: them

text: to

text: Pius

text: XII

text: in

text: Rome

text: in

text: The

text: second

text: meeting

text: in

text: gave

text: Montini

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: express

text: the

text: lay

text: apostolate

text: in

text: modern

text: terms

text: Apostolate

text: means

text: love

text: We

text: will

text: love

text: all

text: but

text: especially

text: those

text: who

text: need

text: help

text: We

text: will

text: love

text: our

text: time

text: our

text: technology

text: our

text: art

text: our

text: sports

text: our

text: world

question: To whom did Montini speak as an archbishop in the year 1957?

answer: Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate

text: Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate

question: According to Montini was does the term apostolate mean?

answer: love

text: love

question: How many nations did Montini hope to unify as Pro-secretary?

answer: 58

question: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?

answer: 1951


text: SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP are the largest sports clubs by popularity and by number of trophies won, often known as "os três grandes" ("the big three"). They have won eight titles in the European UEFA club competitions, were present in many finals and have been regular contenders in the last stages almost every season. Other than football, many Portuguese sports clubs, including the "big three", compete in several other sports events with a varying level of success and popularity, these may include roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball. The Portuguese Football Federation (FPF)  – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol – annually hosts the Algarve Cup, a prestigious women`s football tournament that has been celebrated in the Algarvian part of Portugal.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: SL

text: Benfica

text: FC

text: Porto

text: and

text: Sporting

text: CP

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: sports

text: clubs

text: by

text: popularity

text: and

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: trophies

text: won

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: os

text: três

text: grandes

text: the

text: big

text: three

text: They

text: have

text: won

text: eight

text: titles

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: UEFA

text: club

text: competitions

text: were

text: present

text: in

text: many

text: finals

text: and

text: have

text: been

text: regular

text: contenders

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: stages

text: almost

text: every

text: season

text: Other

text: than

text: football

text: many

text: Portuguese

text: sports

text: clubs

text: including

text: the

text: big

text: three

text: compete

text: in

text: several

text: other

text: sports

text: events

text: with

text: a

text: varying

text: level

text: of

text: success

text: and

text: popularity

text: these

text: may

text: include

text: roller

text: hockey

text: basketball

text: futsal

text: handball

text: and

text: volleyball

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: Football

text: Federation

text: FPF

text: Federação

text: Portuguesa

text: de

text: Futebol

text: annually

text: hosts

text: the

text: Algarve

text: Cup

text: a

text: prestigious

text: women`s

text: football

text: tournament

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: celebrated

text: in

text: the

text: Algarvian

text: part

text: of

text: Portugal

question: What are the three largest sports clubs by popularity in Portugal?

answer: SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP

text: SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP

question: What are the three largest sports club by popularity in Portugal known as?

answer: "os três grandes" ("the big three")

text: "os três grandes" ("the big three")

question: How many titles in the European UEFA club competitions have "the big three" won?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: Other than football, what other sports are popular in Portugal?

answer: roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball

text: roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball

question: By what entity is the Algarve Cup hosted?

answer: Portuguese Football Federation (FPF)  – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol

text: Portuguese Football Federation (FPF)  – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol


text: Glass is in widespread use largely due to the production of glass compositions that are transparent to visible light. In contrast, polycrystalline materials do not generally transmit visible light. The individual crystallites may be transparent, but their facets (grain boundaries) reflect or scatter light resulting in diffuse reflection. Glass does not contain the internal subdivisions associated with grain boundaries in polycrystals and hence does not scatter light in the same manner as a polycrystalline material. The surface of a glass is often smooth since during glass formation the molecules of the supercooled liquid are not forced to dispose in rigid crystal geometries and can follow surface tension, which imposes a microscopically smooth surface. These properties, which give glass its clearness, can be retained even if glass is partially light-absorbing—i.e., colored.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Glass

text: is

text: in

text: widespread

text: use

text: largely

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: glass

text: compositions

text: that

text: are

text: transparent

text: to

text: visible

text: light

text: In

text: contrast

text: polycrystalline

text: materials

text: do

text: not

text: generally

text: transmit

text: visible

text: light

text: The

text: individual

text: crystallites

text: may

text: be

text: transparent

text: but

text: their

text: facets

text: grain

text: boundaries

text: reflect

text: or

text: scatter

text: light

text: resulting

text: in

text: diffuse

text: reflection

text: Glass

text: does

text: not

text: contain

text: the

text: internal

text: subdivisions

text: associated

text: with

text: grain

text: boundaries

text: in

text: polycrystals

text: and

text: hence

text: does

text: not

text: scatter

text: light

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: manner

text: as

text: a

text: polycrystalline

text: material

text: The

text: surface

text: of

text: a

text: glass

text: is

text: often

text: smooth

text: since

text: during

text: glass

text: formation

text: the

text: molecules

text: of

text: the

text: supercooled

text: liquid

text: are

text: not

text: forced

text: to

text: dispose

text: in

text: rigid

text: crystal

text: geometries

text: and

text: can

text: follow

text: surface

text: tension

text: which

text: imposes

text: a

text: microscopically

text: smooth

text: surface

text: These

text: properties

text: which

text: give

text: glass

text: its

text: clearness

text: can

text: be

text: retained

text: even

text: if

text: glass

text: is

text: partially

text: light

text: absorbing

text: i.e

text: colored

question: What does glass lack, allowing it to be transparent?

answer: internal subdivisions

text: internal subdivisions

question: What force gives glass its surface texture?

answer: surface tension

text: surface tension

question: What, in contrast to glass, doesn't let light pass through?

answer: polycrystalline materials

text: polycrystalline materials

question: What type of glass absorbs some light?

answer: colored

text: colored

question: What does glass lack, allowing it to be polycrystalline?

text: internal subdivisions

question: What force gives glass its rigid crystal geometries?

text: surface tension

question: What, in contrast to glass, doesn't absorb light?

text: polycrystalline materials

question: What type of glass absorbs molecules of supercooled liquid?

text: colored

question: What do individual crystallites not contain?

text: internal subdivisions


text: The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. The retina of the eye contains "classical" photoreceptors ("rods" and "cones"), which are used for conventional vision. But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: The

text: primary

text: circadian

text: clock

text: in

text: mammals

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: suprachiasmatic

text: nucleus

text: or

text: nuclei

text: SCN

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: distinct

text: groups

text: of

text: cells

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: Destruction

text: of

text: the

text: SCN

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: complete

text: absence

text: of

text: a

text: regular

text: sleep

text: wake

text: rhythm

text: The

text: SCN

text: receives

text: information

text: about

text: illumination

text: through

text: the

text: eyes

text: The

text: retina

text: of

text: the

text: eye

text: contains

text: classical

text: photoreceptors

text: rods

text: and

text: cones

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: conventional

text: vision

text: But

text: the

text: retina

text: also

text: contains

text: specialized

text: ganglion

text: cells

text: that

text: are

text: directly

text: photosensitive

text: and

text: project

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: SCN

text: where

text: they

text: help

text: in

text: the

text: entrainment

text: synchronization

text: of

text: this

text: master

text: circadian

text: clock

question: Where is the primary circadian gene located in humans?

answer: suprachiasmatic nucleus

text: suprachiasmatic nucleus

question: Where are these cell groups found in humans?

answer: hypothalamus

text: hypothalamus

question: What would the loss of the SCN cells cause in the sleep-wake rhythm?

answer: complete absence

text: complete absence

question: What provides information to the SCN?

answer: eyes

text: eyes

question: What special cells in the eyes communicate directly to the SCN cells?

answer: ganglion

text: ganglion

question: Where is the secondary circadian clocl located?

text: in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

question: What surrounds the hypothalamus?

text: a pair of distinct groups of cells

question: What do the SCN cells cause in the sleep-wake rythem?

question: What do the SCN recieve through the skin?

text: information about illumination

question: What does the pupil contain that are directly photosensative?

text: specialized ganglion cells


text: The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in either domestic or international affairs. Any moves towards real independence were suppressed by military force – in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Prague Spring in 1968. Gorbachev abandoned the oppressive and expensive Brezhnev Doctrine, which mandated intervention in the Warsaw Pact states, in favor of non-intervention in the internal affairs of allies – jokingly termed the Sinatra Doctrine in a reference to the Frank Sinatra song "My Way".

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: The

text: six

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: countries

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: while

text: nominally

text: independent

text: were

text: widely

text: recognized

text: in

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: as

text: the

text: Soviet

text: satellite

text: states

text: All

text: had

text: been

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Red

text: Army

text: in

text: had

text: Soviet

text: style

text: socialist

text: states

text: imposed

text: upon

text: them

text: and

text: had

text: very

text: restricted

text: freedom

text: of

text: action

text: in

text: either

text: domestic

text: or

text: international

text: affairs

text: Any

text: moves

text: towards

text: real

text: independence

text: were

text: suppressed

text: by

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: Revolution

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Prague

text: Spring

text: in

text: Gorbachev

text: abandoned

text: the

text: oppressive

text: and

text: expensive

text: Brezhnev

text: Doctrine

text: which

text: mandated

text: intervention

text: in

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: states

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: non

text: intervention

text: in

text: the

text: internal

text: affairs

text: of

text: allies

text: jokingly

text: termed

text: the

text: Sinatra

text: Doctrine

text: in

text: a

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: song

text: My

text: Way

question: What year did the Prague Spring take place?

answer: 1968

question: What happened to Prague and Hungary's attempts at independence?

answer: suppressed by military force

text: suppressed by military force

question: Under what doctrine was the Soviet Union required to intervene in the Warsaw Pact states?

answer: Brezhnev Doctrine

text: Brezhnev Doctrine

question: Other than being expensive what was wrong with the Brezhnev Doctrine?

answer: oppressive

text: oppressive

question: What is the nickname for Gorbachev's new doctrine?

answer: Sinatra Doctrine

text: Sinatra Doctrine


text: Arsenal Ladies are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded in 1987, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are managed by Clare Wheatley. Arsenal Ladies are the most successful team in English women's football. In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup, and, as of 2009, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup, having done so in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple. The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Ladies are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Arsenal

text: Ladies

text: are

text: the

text: women

text: 's

text: football

text: club

text: affiliated

text: to

text: Arsenal

text: Founded

text: in

text: they

text: turned

text: semi

text: professional

text: in

text: and

text: are

text: managed

text: by

text: Clare

text: Wheatley

text: Arsenal

text: Ladies

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: team

text: in

text: English

text: women

text: 's

text: football

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: they

text: won

text: all

text: three

text: major

text: English

text: trophies

text: the

text: FA

text: Women

text: 's

text: Premier

text: League

text: FA

text: Women

text: 's

text: Cup

text: and

text: FA

text: Women

text: 's

text: Premier

text: League

text: Cup

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: were

text: the

text: only

text: English

text: side

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Women

text: 's

text: Cup

text: having

text: done

text: so

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: unique

text: quadruple

text: The

text: men

text: 's

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: clubs

text: are

text: formally

text: separate

text: entities

text: but

text: have

text: quite

text: close

text: ties

text: Arsenal

text: Ladies

text: are

text: entitled

text: to

text: play

text: once

text: a

text: season

text: at

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Stadium

text: though

text: they

text: usually

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: matches

text: at

text: Boreham

text: Wood

question: What is the name of the football club affiliated with Arsenal?

answer: Arsenal Ladies

text: Arsenal Ladies

question: When did the Arsenal Ladies team become semi-professional?

answer: 2002

question: How does Arsenal Ladies rank as compared with other English women's football teams?

answer: most successful

text: most successful

question: By 2009 what competition has Arsenal Ladies been the only ladies team to have won?

answer: UEFA Women's Cup

text: UEFA Women's Cup

question: At what stadium do Arsenal Ladies usually play?

answer: Boreham Wood.

text: Boreham Wood.

question: In what year did Clare Wheatley start managing Arsenal Ladies?

question: In what year was Boreham Wood built?

question: Which team is the second most successful in English women's football?

text: Arsenal Ladies

question: How many times a year does Arsenal Ladies play at Boreham Wood?

text: once


text: The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: The

text: current

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Nancy

text: Pelosi

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: serves

text: as

text: floor

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: opposition

text: party

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: counterpart

text: to

text: the

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: Unlike

text: the

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: ballot

text: for

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: during

text: the

text: convening

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: If

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: 's

text: party

text: takes

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: party

text: officers

text: are

text: all

text: re

text: elected

text: to

text: their

text: seats

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: top

text: choice

text: for

text: Speaker

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: Congress

text: while

text: the

text: Minority

text: Whip

text: is

text: typically

text: in

text: line

text: to

text: become

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: The

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: usually

text: meets

text: with

text: the

text: Majority

text: Leader

text: and

text: the

text: Speaker

text: to

text: discuss

text: agreements

text: on

text: controversial

text: issues

question: Who takes over as Speaker if the minority party gains control of the house?

answer: Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker

text: Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker

question: What meetings do Minority and Majority leaders usually meet to discuss?

answer: agreements on controversial issues

text: agreements on controversial issues

question: Who is he current Minority leader?

answer: Nancy Pelosi

text: Nancy Pelosi

question: If minority party takes control of congress, who is usually in link to become majority leader?

answer: Minority Leader

text: Minority Leader

question: Who is the current Majority Leader?

text: Nancy Pelosi

question: Who is the Majority Leader leader of in the House?

text: leader of the opposition party

question: Who does the Minority Whip usually meet with?

text: the Majority Leader and the Speaker

question: What does the Minority Whip meet with the Majority Leader and Speaker to discuss?

text: agreements on controversial issues

question: When is the Minority Whip on the ballot?

text: during the convening of the Congress


text: The city is bisected geographically and culturally by the North Canadian River, which basically divides North Oklahoma City and South Oklahoma City. The two halves of the city were actually founded and plotted as separate cities, but soon grew together. The north side is characterized by very diverse and fashionable urban neighborhoods near the city center and sprawling suburbs further north. South Oklahoma City is generally more blue collar working class and significantly more industrial, having grown up around the Stockyards and meat packing plants at the turn of the century, and is currently the center of the city's rapidly growing Latino community.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: bisected

text: geographically

text: and

text: culturally

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Canadian

text: River

text: which

text: basically

text: divides

text: North

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: South

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: The

text: two

text: halves

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: were

text: actually

text: founded

text: and

text: plotted

text: as

text: separate

text: cities

text: but

text: soon

text: grew

text: together

text: The

text: north

text: side

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: very

text: diverse

text: and

text: fashionable

text: urban

text: neighborhoods

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: and

text: sprawling

text: suburbs

text: further

text: north

text: South

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: generally

text: more

text: blue

text: collar

text: working

text: class

text: and

text: significantly

text: more

text: industrial

text: having

text: grown

text: up

text: around

text: the

text: Stockyards

text: and

text: meat

text: packing

text: plants

text: at

text: the

text: turn

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: rapidly

text: growing

text: Latino

text: community

question: Which side is known for primarily being industrial?

answer: South Oklahoma City

text: South Oklahoma City

question: Which side is more urban and fashionable?

answer: North Oklahoma City

text: North Oklahoma City


text: After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013 that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private. Reuters reported that Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners, aided by a $2 billion loan from Microsoft, would acquire the public shares at $13.65 apiece. The $24.4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the 2007 financial crisis. It is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of Freescale Semiconductor for $17.5 billion.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: After

text: several

text: weeks

text: of

text: rumors

text: which

text: started

text: around

text: January

text: Dell

text: announced

text: on

text: February

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: struck

text: a

text: billion

text: leveraged

text: buyout

text: deal

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: delisted

text: its

text: shares

text: from

text: the

text: NASDAQ

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: and

text: taken

text: it

text: private

text: Reuters

text: reported

text: that

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: and

text: Silver

text: Lake

text: Partners

text: aided

text: by

text: a

text: billion

text: loan

text: from

text: Microsoft

text: would

text: acquire

text: the

text: public

text: shares

text: at

text: apiece

text: The

text: billion

text: buyout

text: was

text: projected

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: largest

text: leveraged

text: buyout

text: backed

text: by

text: private

text: equity

text: since

text: the

text: financial

text: crisis

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: largest

text: technology

text: buyout

text: ever

text: surpassing

text: the

text: buyout

text: of

text: Freescale

text: Semiconductor

text: for

text: billion

question: What year did Dell announce its buyout deal?

answer: 2013

question: What was the value of Dell's buyout deal?

answer: $24.4 billion

text: $24.4 billion

question: What was the value of the loan that Dell received from Microsoft?

answer: $2 billion

text: $2 billion

question: What was the value of the second largest technology buyout?

answer: $17.5 billion

text: $17.5 billion

question: What year did IBM announce its buyout deal?

question: What was the value of Microsoft's buyout deal?

text: $24.4 billion

question: What was the value of the loan that Dell received from IBM?

text: $2 billion

question: What was the value of the third largest technology buyout?

text: $17.5 billion

question: What was the value of the second smallest technology buyout?

text: $17.5 billion


text: Until the Church Building Act of 1818, the period saw relatively few churches built in Britain, which was already well-supplied, although in the later years of the period the demand for Non-conformist and Roman Catholic places of worship greatly increased. Anglican churches that were built were designed internally to allow maximum audibility, and visibility, for preaching, so the main nave was generally wider and shorter than in medieval plans, and often there were no side-aisles. Galleries were common in new churches. Especially in country parishes, the external appearance generally retained the familiar signifiers of a Gothic church, with a tower or spire, a large west front with one or more doors, and very large windows along the nave, but all with any ornament drawn from the classical vocabulary. Where funds permitted, a classical temple portico with columns and a pediment might be used at the west front. Decoration inside was very limited, but churches filled up with monuments to the prosperous.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: Until

text: the

text: Church

text: Building

text: Act

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: saw

text: relatively

text: few

text: churches

text: built

text: in

text: Britain

text: which

text: was

text: already

text: well

text: supplied

text: although

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: Non

text: conformist

text: and

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: places

text: of

text: worship

text: greatly

text: increased

text: Anglican

text: churches

text: that

text: were

text: built

text: were

text: designed

text: internally

text: to

text: allow

text: maximum

text: audibility

text: and

text: visibility

text: for

text: preaching

text: so

text: the

text: main

text: nave

text: was

text: generally

text: wider

text: and

text: shorter

text: than

text: in

text: medieval

text: plans

text: and

text: often

text: there

text: were

text: no

text: side

text: aisles

text: Galleries

text: were

text: common

text: in

text: new

text: churches

text: Especially

text: in

text: country

text: parishes

text: the

text: external

text: appearance

text: generally

text: retained

text: the

text: familiar

text: signifiers

text: of

text: a

text: Gothic

text: church

text: with

text: a

text: tower

text: or

text: spire

text: a

text: large

text: west

text: front

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: doors

text: and

text: very

text: large

text: windows

text: along

text: the

text: nave

text: but

text: all

text: with

text: any

text: ornament

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: vocabulary

text: Where

text: funds

text: permitted

text: a

text: classical

text: temple

text: portico

text: with

text: columns

text: and

text: a

text: pediment

text: might

text: be

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: west

text: front

text: Decoration

text: inside

text: was

text: very

text: limited

text: but

text: churches

text: filled

text: up

text: with

text: monuments

text: to

text: the

text: prosperous

question: What act spurred to building of new churches in Britain?

answer: Church Building Act of 1818

text: Church Building Act of 1818

question: The later years of the period saw the demand for which places of worship increase?

answer: Non-conformist and Roman Catholic

text: Non-conformist and Roman Catholic

question: What were Anglican churches internally designed for?

answer: maximum audibility, and visibility

text: maximum audibility, and visibility

question: What were common in new churches?

answer: Galleries

text: Galleries

question: Churches filled up with monuments to what?

answer: monuments to the prosperous

text: monuments to the prosperous

question: What act slowed the building of churches in Britain?

text: the Church Building Act of 1818

question: What were filled with monuments to God?

text: churches

question: What places of worship were in demand in the early years of this period?

text: Non-conformist and Roman Catholic

question: What was uncommon in the new churches?

text: Galleries

question: What was used in front of the church when funds were limited?

text: portico with columns and a pediment


text: Some critics express the opinion that it is only from the mid-19th century, and especially in the 20th century, that the score began to hold such a high significance. Previously, improvisation (in preludes, cadenzas and ornaments), rhythmic flexibility (e.g., tempo rubato), improvisatory deviation from the score and oral tradition of playing was integral to the style. Yet in the 20th century, this oral tradition and passing on of stylistic features within classical music disappeared. Instead, musicians tend to use just the score to play music. Yet, even with the score providing the key elements of the music, there is considerable controversy about how to perform the works. Some of this controversy relates to the fact that this score-centric approach has led to performances that emphasize metrically strict block-rhythms (just as the music is notated in the score).

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Some

text: critics

text: express

text: the

text: opinion

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: the

text: score

text: began

text: to

text: hold

text: such

text: a

text: high

text: significance

text: Previously

text: improvisation

text: in

text: preludes

text: cadenzas

text: and

text: ornaments

text: rhythmic

text: flexibility

text: e.g.

text: tempo

text: rubato

text: improvisatory

text: deviation

text: from

text: the

text: score

text: and

text: oral

text: tradition

text: of

text: playing

text: was

text: integral

text: to

text: the

text: style

text: Yet

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: this

text: oral

text: tradition

text: and

text: passing

text: on

text: of

text: stylistic

text: features

text: within

text: classical

text: music

text: disappeared

text: Instead

text: musicians

text: tend

text: to

text: use

text: just

text: the

text: score

text: to

text: play

text: music

text: Yet

text: even

text: with

text: the

text: score

text: providing

text: the

text: key

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: there

text: is

text: considerable

text: controversy

text: about

text: how

text: to

text: perform

text: the

text: works

text: Some

text: of

text: this

text: controversy

text: relates

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: this

text: score

text: centric

text: approach

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: performances

text: that

text: emphasize

text: metrically

text: strict

text: block

text: rhythms

text: just

text: as

text: the

text: music

text: is

text: notated

text: in

text: the

text: score

question: Improvisation is integral before what took a high significance?

answer: the score

text: the score

question: When did oral tradition disappear?

answer: the 20th century

text: the 20th century

question: There is still controversy about how to perform works, even though scores provide what?

answer: key elements of the music

text: key elements of the music

question: A score-centric approach strictly emphasizes what?

answer: block-rhythms

text: block-rhythms


text: In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism. After the Nazi eugenics program, racial essentialism lost widespread popularity. Race anthropologists were pressured to acknowledge findings coming from studies of culture and population genetics, and to revise their conclusions about the sources of phenotypic variation. A significant number of modern anthropologists and biologists in the West came to view race as an invalid genetic or biological designation.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: many

text: anthropologists

text: accepted

text: and

text: taught

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: biologically

text: distinct

text: races

text: were

text: isomorphic

text: with

text: distinct

text: linguistic

text: cultural

text: and

text: social

text: groups

text: while

text: popularly

text: applying

text: that

text: belief

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: eugenics

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: a

text: practice

text: that

text: is

text: now

text: called

text: scientific

text: racism

text: After

text: the

text: Nazi

text: eugenics

text: program

text: racial

text: essentialism

text: lost

text: widespread

text: popularity

text: Race

text: anthropologists

text: were

text: pressured

text: to

text: acknowledge

text: findings

text: coming

text: from

text: studies

text: of

text: culture

text: and

text: population

text: genetics

text: and

text: to

text: revise

text: their

text: conclusions

text: about

text: the

text: sources

text: of

text: phenotypic

text: variation

text: A

text: significant

text: number

text: of

text: modern

text: anthropologists

text: and

text: biologists

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: came

text: to

text: view

text: race

text: as

text: an

text: invalid

text: genetic

text: or

text: biological

text: designation

question: Who taught and accepted the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic?

answer: many anthropologists

text: many anthropologists

question: What practice was combined with the field of eugenics regarding the distinctness of social groups?

answer: scientific racism

text: scientific racism

question: What effect did the Nazi eugenics program have on racial essentialism?

answer: lost widespread popularity

text: lost widespread popularity

question: What conclusions were race anthropologists pressured to revise?

answer: sources of phenotypic variation

text: sources of phenotypic variation

question: What did a lot of modern anthropologists in the West come to view racial designation as?

answer: invalid

text: invalid


text: The influence of Old Norse certainly helped move English from a synthetic language along the continuum to a more analytic word order, and Old Norse most likely made a greater impact on the English language than any other language. The eagerness of Vikings in the Danelaw to communicate with their southern Anglo-Saxon neighbors produced a friction that led to the erosion of the complicated inflectional word-endings. Simeon Potter notes: “No less far-reaching was the influence of Scandinavian upon the inflexional endings of English in hastening that wearing away and leveling of grammatical forms which gradually spread from north to south. It was, after all, a salutary influence. The gain was greater than the loss. There was a gain in directness, in clarity, and in strength.”

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: The

text: influence

text: of

text: Old

text: Norse

text: certainly

text: helped

text: move

text: English

text: from

text: a

text: synthetic

text: language

text: along

text: the

text: continuum

text: to

text: a

text: more

text: analytic

text: word

text: order

text: and

text: Old

text: Norse

text: most

text: likely

text: made

text: a

text: greater

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: language

text: The

text: eagerness

text: of

text: Vikings

text: in

text: the

text: Danelaw

text: to

text: communicate

text: with

text: their

text: southern

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: neighbors

text: produced

text: a

text: friction

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: erosion

text: of

text: the

text: complicated

text: inflectional

text: word

text: endings

text: Simeon

text: Potter

text: notes

text: No

text: less

text: far

text: reaching

text: was

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: upon

text: the

text: inflexional

text: endings

text: of

text: English

text: in

text: hastening

text: that

text: wearing

text: away

text: and

text: leveling

text: of

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: which

text: gradually

text: spread

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: It

text: was

text: after

text: all

text: a

text: salutary

text: influence

text: The

text: gain

text: was

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: loss

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: gain

text: in

text: directness

text: in

text: clarity

text: and

text: in

text: strength

question: What language had the greatest influence on English?

answer: Old Norse

text: Old Norse

question: What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?

answer: the Danelaw

text: the Danelaw

question: Who argued that the influence of Old Norse caused English to become a clearer, stronger and more direct language?

answer: Simeon Potter

text: Simeon Potter

question: What parts of English grammar declined as a result of Old Norse influence?

answer: word-endings

text: word-endings

question: What influence made English more of a synthetic language?

text: Old Norse

question: What language had the most impact on other languages?

text: Old Norse

question: Why did the Vikings stop using complicated word-endings?

question: What did the Norse language gain clarity and directness from?

text: English