text: During the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北軍). Led by Colonels (Xiaowei 校尉), the Northern Army consisted of five regiments, each composed of several thousand soldiers. When central authority collapsed after 189 AD, wealthy landowners, members of the aristocracy/nobility, and regional military-governors relied upon their retainers to act as their own personal troops (buqu 部曲).

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: During

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Han

text: conscription

text: could

text: be

text: avoided

text: if

text: one

text: paid

text: a

text: commutable

text: tax

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Han

text: court

text: favored

text: the

text: recruitment

text: of

text: a

text: volunteer

text: army

text: The

text: volunteer

text: army

text: comprised

text: the

text: Southern

text: Army

text: Nanjun

text: 南軍

text: while

text: the

text: standing

text: army

text: stationed

text: in

text: and

text: near

text: the

text: capital

text: was

text: the

text: Northern

text: Army

text: Beijun

text: 北軍

text: Led

text: by

text: Colonels

text: Xiaowei

text: 校尉

text: the

text: Northern

text: Army

text: consisted

text: of

text: five

text: regiments

text: each

text: composed

text: of

text: several

text: thousand

text: soldiers

text: When

text: central

text: authority

text: collapsed

text: after

text: AD

text: wealthy

text: landowners

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: nobility

text: and

text: regional

text: military

text: governors

text: relied

text: upon

text: their

text: retainers

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: their

text: own

text: personal

text: troops

text: buqu

text: 部曲

question: How could conscription into military service be avoided?

answer: one paid a commutable tax

text: one paid a commutable tax

question: What army was based near the capital?

answer: Northern Army

text: Northern Army

question: What army was considered to be the volunteer army?

answer: Southern Army

text: Southern Army

question: How many regiments were in the Northern Army?

answer: five

text: five

question: Around how many soldiers were in each regiment of the Northern Army?

answer: several thousand soldiers

text: several thousand soldiers


text: In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: In

text: the

text: league

text: expanded

text: with

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: two

text: new

text: franchises

text: to

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Kiss

text: owned

text: by

text: Gene

text: Simmons

text: and

text: Paul

text: Stanley

text: of

text: the

text: legendary

text: rock

text: band

text: Kiss

text: and

text: the

text: Portland

text: Thunder

question: What was the name of the Los Angeles-based team added in 2013?

answer: Kiss

text: Kiss

question: Along with Paul Stanley, who owned the Los Angeles Kiss?

answer: Gene Simmons

text: Gene Simmons

question: Other than the Los Angeles Kiss, what expansion team entered in the league in 2013?

answer: Portland Thunder

text: Portland Thunder

question: Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group?

answer: Kiss

text: Kiss


text: In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: term

text: treaty

text: has

text: a

text: different

text: more

text: restricted

text: legal

text: sense

text: than

text: exists

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: United

text: States

text: law

text: distinguishes

text: what

text: it

text: calls

text: treaties

text: from

text: executive

text: agreement

text: congressional

text: executive

text: agreements

text: and

text: sole

text: executive

text: agreements

text: All

text: four

text: classes

text: are

text: equally

text: treaties

text: under

text: international

text: law

text: they

text: are

text: distinct

text: only

text: from

text: the

text: perspective

text: of

text: internal

text: American

text: law

text: The

text: distinctions

text: are

text: primarily

text: concerning

text: their

text: method

text: of

text: approval

text: Whereas

text: treaties

text: require

text: advice

text: and

text: consent

text: by

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: Senators

text: present

text: sole

text: executive

text: agreements

text: may

text: be

text: executed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: acting

text: alone

text: Some

text: treaties

text: grant

text: the

text: President

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: fill

text: in

text: the

text: gaps

text: with

text: executive

text: agreements

text: rather

text: than

text: additional

text: treaties

text: or

text: protocols

text: And

text: finally

text: congressional

text: executive

text: agreements

text: require

text: majority

text: approval

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: Senate

text: either

text: before

text: or

text: after

text: the

text: treaty

text: is

text: signed

text: by

text: the

text: President

question: Treaties, executive agreements, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements are the same under international law but different with respect to what?

answer: internal American law

text: internal American law

question: Under US law, what primarily distinguishes treaties, executive agreements, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements?

answer: their method of approval

text: their method of approval

question: What percentage of United States Senators must give advice and consent in order for the US to enter a treaty?

answer: two-thirds

text: two-thirds

question: What type of agreement may a US president enter by acting alone?

answer: sole executive agreements

text: sole executive agreements

question: What type of agreement requires majority approval by both the House and the Senate before or after a treaty is signed by the United States president?

answer: congressional-executive agreements

text: congressional-executive agreements


text: The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius supporters and entered the city. Sulla's actions marked a watershed in the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another that was to pave the way for the wars which ultimately overthrew the Republic, and caused the founding of the Roman Empire.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: internal

text: unrest

text: reached

text: its

text: most

text: serious

text: state

text: however

text: in

text: the

text: two

text: civil

text: wars

text: that

text: were

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: clash

text: between

text: generals

text: Gaius

text: Marius

text: and

text: Lucius

text: Cornelius

text: Sulla

text: starting

text: from

text: BC

text: In

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Colline

text: Gate

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: door

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: a

text: Roman

text: army

text: under

text: Sulla

text: bested

text: an

text: army

text: of

text: the

text: Marius

text: supporters

text: and

text: entered

text: the

text: city

text: Sulla

text: 's

text: actions

text: marked

text: a

text: watershed

text: in

text: the

text: willingness

text: of

text: Roman

text: troops

text: to

text: wage

text: war

text: against

text: one

text: another

text: that

text: was

text: to

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: wars

text: which

text: ultimately

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: caused

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: What type of war was caused by the clash of two generals?

answer: civil wars

text: civil wars

question: In what year did Marius and Sull begin to clash?

answer: 88 BC

text: 88 BC

question: In what specific section of Rome did the Battle of the Colline Gate take place?

answer: very door of the city

text: very door of the city

question: Who was defeated in the Battle of the Colline Gate?

answer: an army of the Marius supporters

text: an army of the Marius supporters

question: What can be considered one of the causes that led to the downfall of the Roman Republic?

answer: the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another

text: the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another


text: The administration continues to follow the market reform plans of the previous one and indicated that it will diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy. Iran has also developed a biotechnology, nanotechnology, and pharmaceuticals industry. However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years. Currently, the government is trying to privatize these industries, and, despite successes, there are still several problems to be overcome, such as the lagging corruption in the public sector and lack of competitiveness. In 2010, Iran was ranked 69, out of 139 nations, in the Global Competitiveness Report.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: administration

text: continues

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: market

text: reform

text: plans

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: one

text: and

text: indicated

text: that

text: it

text: will

text: diversify

text: Iran

text: 's

text: oil

text: reliant

text: economy

text: Iran

text: has

text: also

text: developed

text: a

text: biotechnology

text: nanotechnology

text: and

text: pharmaceuticals

text: industry

text: However

text: nationalized

text: industries

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: bonyads

text: have

text: often

text: been

text: managed

text: badly

text: making

text: them

text: ineffective

text: and

text: uncompetitive

text: with

text: years

text: Currently

text: the

text: government

text: is

text: trying

text: to

text: privatize

text: these

text: industries

text: and

text: despite

text: successes

text: there

text: are

text: still

text: several

text: problems

text: to

text: be

text: overcome

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: lagging

text: corruption

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: sector

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: competitiveness

text: In

text: Iran

text: was

text: ranked

text: out

text: of

text: nations

text: in

text: the

text: Global

text: Competitiveness

text: Report

question: What is a main goal of Iran's market reform plans?

answer: diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy

text: diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy

question: What Iranian nationalized industry has been noncompetitive and managed badly?

answer: the bonyads

text: the bonyads

question: What, along with a lack of competition, has held back Iran's nationalized industries?

answer: lagging corruption in the public sector

text: lagging corruption in the public sector

question: The Global COmpetitiveness Report in 2010 ranked Iran where out of 139 countries?

answer: ranked 69

text: ranked 69


text: The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai. The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born. Adams also received the title of hatamoto (bannerman), a high-prestige position as a direct retainer in the Shogun's court. He was provided with generous revenues: "For the services that I have done and do daily, being employed in the Emperor's service, the Emperor has given me a living" (Letters). He was granted a fief in Hemi (逸見) within the boundaries of present-day Yokosuka City, "with eighty or ninety husbandmen, that be my slaves or servants" (Letters). His estate was valued at 250 koku. He finally wrote "God hath provided for me after my great misery", (Letters) by which he meant the disaster-ridden voyage that initially brought him to Japan.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: The

text: English

text: sailor

text: and

text: adventurer

text: William

text: Adams

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Westerner

text: to

text: receive

text: the

text: dignity

text: of

text: samurai

text: The

text: Shogun

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: presented

text: him

text: with

text: two

text: swords

text: representing

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: a

text: samurai

text: and

text: decreed

text: that

text: William

text: Adams

text: the

text: sailor

text: was

text: dead

text: and

text: that

text: Anjin

text: Miura

text: 三浦按針

text: a

text: samurai

text: was

text: born

text: Adams

text: also

text: received

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: hatamoto

text: bannerman

text: a

text: high

text: prestige

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: direct

text: retainer

text: in

text: the

text: Shogun

text: 's

text: court

text: He

text: was

text: provided

text: with

text: generous

text: revenues

text: For

text: the

text: services

text: that

text: I

text: have

text: done

text: and

text: do

text: daily

text: being

text: employed

text: in

text: the

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: service

text: the

text: Emperor

text: has

text: given

text: me

text: a

text: living

text: Letters

text: He

text: was

text: granted

text: a

text: fief

text: in

text: Hemi

text: 逸見

text: within

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Yokosuka

text: City

text: with

text: eighty

text: or

text: ninety

text: husbandmen

text: that

text: be

text: my

text: slaves

text: or

text: servants

text: Letters

text: His

text: estate

text: was

text: valued

text: at

text: koku

text: He

text: finally

text: wrote

text: God

text: hath

text: provided

text: for

text: me

text: after

text: my

text: great

text: misery

text: Letters

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: meant

text: the

text: disaster

text: ridden

text: voyage

text: that

text: initially

text: brought

text: him

text: to

text: Japan

question: Who was the first Western samurai?

answer: William Adams

text: William Adams

question: Who made William Adams a samurai?

answer: Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu

text: Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu

question: What was William Adams's Japanese name?

answer: Anjin Miura

text: Anjin Miura

question: What did hatamoto mean?

answer: bannerman

text: bannerman

question: How many servants did William Adams have?

answer: eighty or ninety

text: eighty or ninety


text: Rocket-propelled grenades can be—and often are—used against hovering helicopters (e.g., by Somali militiamen during the Battle of Mogadishu (1993)). Firing an RPG at steep angles poses a danger to the user, because the backblast from firing reflects off the ground. In Somalia, militia members sometimes welded a steel plate in the exhaust end of an RPG's tube to deflect pressure away from the shooter when shooting up at US helicopters. RPGs are used in this role only when more effective weapons are not available.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Rocket

text: propelled

text: grenades

text: can

text: be

text: and

text: often

text: are

text: used

text: against

text: hovering

text: helicopters

text: e.g.

text: by

text: Somali

text: militiamen

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Mogadishu

text: Firing

text: an

text: RPG

text: at

text: steep

text: angles

text: poses

text: a

text: danger

text: to

text: the

text: user

text: because

text: the

text: backblast

text: from

text: firing

text: reflects

text: off

text: the

text: ground

text: In

text: Somalia

text: militia

text: members

text: sometimes

text: welded

text: a

text: steel

text: plate

text: in

text: the

text: exhaust

text: end

text: of

text: an

text: RPG

text: 's

text: tube

text: to

text: deflect

text: pressure

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: shooter

text: when

text: shooting

text: up

text: at

text: US

text: helicopters

text: RPGs

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: role

text: only

text: when

text: more

text: effective

text: weapons

text: are

text: not

text: available

question: What type of weapon can be used against hovering helicopters?

answer: Rocket-propelled grenades

text: Rocket-propelled grenades

question: When an RPG is fired at a steep angle, who is in danger?

answer: the user

text: the user

question: An RPG fired at a steep angle has what reflecting off the ground?

answer: the backblast

text: the backblast

question: What did some militia members in Somalia weld in the exhaust of the RPG tube to protect the shooter?

answer: a steel plate

text: a steel plate

question: What were the Somalian militia members firing RPGs at?

answer: US helicopters

text: US helicopters


text: Canada also permits a variety of charities (including public and private foundations). Charitable status is granted by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon application by a nonprofit; charities are allowed to issue income tax receipts to donors, must spend a certain percentage of their assets (including cash, investments and fixed assets) and file annual reports in order to maintain their charitable status. In determining whether an organization can become a charity, CRA applies a common law test to its stated objects and activities. These must be:

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Canada

text: also

text: permits

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: charities

text: including

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: foundations

text: Charitable

text: status

text: is

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: Canada

text: Revenue

text: Agency

text: CRA

text: upon

text: application

text: by

text: a

text: nonprofit

text: charities

text: are

text: allowed

text: to

text: issue

text: income

text: tax

text: receipts

text: to

text: donors

text: must

text: spend

text: a

text: certain

text: percentage

text: of

text: their

text: assets

text: including

text: cash

text: investments

text: and

text: fixed

text: assets

text: and

text: file

text: annual

text: reports

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: maintain

text: their

text: charitable

text: status

text: In

text: determining

text: whether

text: an

text: organization

text: can

text: become

text: a

text: charity

text: CRA

text: applies

text: a

text: common

text: law

text: test

text: to

text: its

text: stated

text: objects

text: and

text: activities

text: These

text: must

text: be

question: Who grants a charitable status to an NPO in Canada?

answer: Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)

text: Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)

question: What are donors to receive from a NPO?

answer: income tax receipts

text: income tax receipts

question: How does an NPO keep their charitable status?

answer: file annual reports

text: file annual reports

question: How does the Canada Revenue Agency decide who can have a charitable status?

answer: a common law test to its stated objects and activities

text: a common law test to its stated objects and activities

question: What kinds of assets must the NPO spend in order to keep it's charitable status?

answer: cash, investments and fixed assets

text: cash, investments and fixed assets

question: How do donors keep their assets?

text: file annual reports

question: What is the CRA allowed to issue to donors?

text: income tax receipts

question: How do fixed assets determine an NPO's status?

question: What are donors required to spend in Canada?

question: What test must be taken for a NPO to keep its status?

text: a common law test


text: The French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Franco-Austrian War in Italy, and in the Franco-Mexican War. However, following the "Seven Weeks War" between Prussia and Austria four years earlier, it had been calculated that the French Army could field only 288,000 men to face the Prussian Army when perhaps 1,000,000 would be required. Under Marshal Adolphe Niel, urgent reforms were made. Universal conscription (rather than by ballot, as previously) and a shorter period of service gave increased numbers of reservists, who would swell the army to a planned strength of 800,000 on mobilisation. Those who for any reason were not conscripted were to be enrolled in the Garde Mobile, a militia with a nominal strength of 400,000. However, the Franco-Prussian War broke out before these reforms could be completely implemented. The mobilisation of reservists was chaotic and resulted in large numbers of stragglers, while the Garde Mobile were generally untrained and often mutinous.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: French

text: Army

text: consisted

text: in

text: peacetime

text: of

text: approximately

text: soldiers

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: regulars

text: others

text: conscripts

text: who

text: until

text: served

text: the

text: comparatively

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: seven

text: years

text: with

text: the

text: colours

text: Some

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: veterans

text: of

text: previous

text: French

text: campaigns

text: in

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: Algeria

text: the

text: Franco

text: Austrian

text: War

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Franco

text: Mexican

text: War

text: However

text: following

text: the

text: Seven

text: Weeks

text: War

text: between

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Austria

text: four

text: years

text: earlier

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: calculated

text: that

text: the

text: French

text: Army

text: could

text: field

text: only

text: men

text: to

text: face

text: the

text: Prussian

text: Army

text: when

text: perhaps

text: would

text: be

text: required

text: Under

text: Marshal

text: Adolphe

text: Niel

text: urgent

text: reforms

text: were

text: made

text: Universal

text: conscription

text: rather

text: than

text: by

text: ballot

text: as

text: previously

text: and

text: a

text: shorter

text: period

text: of

text: service

text: gave

text: increased

text: numbers

text: of

text: reservists

text: who

text: would

text: swell

text: the

text: army

text: to

text: a

text: planned

text: strength

text: of

text: on

text: mobilisation

text: Those

text: who

text: for

text: any

text: reason

text: were

text: not

text: conscripted

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: enrolled

text: in

text: the

text: Garde

text: Mobile

text: a

text: militia

text: with

text: a

text: nominal

text: strength

text: of

text: However

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: broke

text: out

text: before

text: these

text: reforms

text: could

text: be

text: completely

text: implemented

text: The

text: mobilisation

text: of

text: reservists

text: was

text: chaotic

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: stragglers

text: while

text: the

text: Garde

text: Mobile

text: were

text: generally

text: untrained

text: and

text: often

text: mutinous

question: In peacetime, what the approximate number of French soldiers?

answer: 400,000

question: Veterans of the French Army had prviously fought in which war in Italy?

answer: the Franco-Austrian War

text: the Franco-Austrian War

question: The "Seven Weeks War" was between which two countries?

answer: Prussia and Austria

text: Prussia and Austria

question: Who reformed the low numbers of troops by implementing universal conscription?

answer: Marshal Adolphe Niel

text: Marshal Adolphe Niel

question: If a citizen was for some reason not conscripted, in what militia were they were registered?

answer: the Garde Mobile

text: the Garde Mobile


text: In addition to the cathedral, Strasbourg houses several other medieval churches that have survived the many wars and destructions that have plagued the city: the Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne, partly destroyed in 1944 by Allied bombing raids, the part Romanesque, part Gothic, very large Église Saint-Thomas with its Silbermann organ on which Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Albert Schweitzer played, the Gothic Église protestante Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune with its crypt dating back to the seventh century and its cloister partly from the eleventh century, the Gothic Église Saint-Guillaume with its fine early-Renaissance stained glass and furniture, the Gothic Église Saint-Jean, the part Gothic, part Art Nouveau Église Sainte-Madeleine, etc. The Neo-Gothic church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique (there is also an adjacent church Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Protestant) serves as a shrine for several 15th-century wood worked and painted altars coming from other, now destroyed churches and installed there for public display. Among the numerous secular medieval buildings, the monumental Ancienne Douane (old custom-house) stands out.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: cathedral

text: Strasbourg

text: houses

text: several

text: other

text: medieval

text: churches

text: that

text: have

text: survived

text: the

text: many

text: wars

text: and

text: destructions

text: that

text: have

text: plagued

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: Romanesque

text: Église

text: Saint

text: Étienne

text: partly

text: destroyed

text: in

text: by

text: Allied

text: bombing

text: raids

text: the

text: part

text: Romanesque

text: part

text: Gothic

text: very

text: large

text: Église

text: Saint

text: Thomas

text: with

text: its

text: Silbermann

text: organ

text: on

text: which

text: Wolfgang

text: Amadeus

text: Mozart

text: and

text: Albert

text: Schweitzer

text: played

text: the

text: Gothic

text: Église

text: protestante

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: le

text: Jeune

text: with

text: its

text: crypt

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: seventh

text: century

text: and

text: its

text: cloister

text: partly

text: from

text: the

text: eleventh

text: century

text: the

text: Gothic

text: Église

text: Saint

text: Guillaume

text: with

text: its

text: fine

text: early

text: Renaissance

text: stained

text: glass

text: and

text: furniture

text: the

text: Gothic

text: Église

text: Saint

text: Jean

text: the

text: part

text: Gothic

text: part

text: Art

text: Nouveau

text: Église

text: Sainte

text: Madeleine

text: etc

text: The

text: Neo

text: Gothic

text: church

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: le

text: Vieux

text: Catholique

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: adjacent

text: church

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: le

text: Vieux

text: Protestant

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: shrine

text: for

text: several

text: century

text: wood

text: worked

text: and

text: painted

text: altars

text: coming

text: from

text: other

text: now

text: destroyed

text: churches

text: and

text: installed

text: there

text: for

text: public

text: display

text: Among

text: the

text: numerous

text: secular

text: medieval

text: buildings

text: the

text: monumental

text: Ancienne

text: Douane

text: old

text: custom

text: house

text: stands

text: out

question: What was partly destroyed by Allied bombings in 1944?

answer: Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne

text: Romanesque Église Saint-Étienne

question: What organ did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart play on?

answer: Silbermann organ

text: Silbermann organ

question: Where is the Silbermann organ located?

answer: Église Saint-Thomas

text: Église Saint-Thomas

question: What is the Neo-Gothic church called?

answer: Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique

text: Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux Catholique

question: In what century was the Eglise Saint-Etienne constructed?

question: What style of building is the Saint-Pierre-le-View Protestant?

text: Romanesque

question: What style of building is the Ancienne Douane?

text: Gothic

question: What city was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart from?

text: Strasbourg

question: What type of glass is in the Eglise Saint-Ettienne?

text: stained


text: Computational neuroscience encompasses two approaches: first, the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation. On one hand, it is possible to write a computer program to simulate the operation of a group of neurons by making use of systems of equations that describe their electrochemical activity; such simulations are known as biologically realistic neural networks. On the other hand, it is possible to study algorithms for neural computation by simulating, or mathematically analyzing, the operations of simplified "units" that have some of the properties of neurons but abstract out much of their biological complexity. The computational functions of the brain are studied both by computer scientists and neuroscientists.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Computational

text: neuroscience

text: encompasses

text: two

text: approaches

text: first

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: computers

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: brain

text: second

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: how

text: brains

text: perform

text: computation

text: On

text: one

text: hand

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: write

text: a

text: computer

text: program

text: to

text: simulate

text: the

text: operation

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: neurons

text: by

text: making

text: use

text: of

text: systems

text: of

text: equations

text: that

text: describe

text: their

text: electrochemical

text: activity

text: such

text: simulations

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: biologically

text: realistic

text: neural

text: networks

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: study

text: algorithms

text: for

text: neural

text: computation

text: by

text: simulating

text: or

text: mathematically

text: analyzing

text: the

text: operations

text: of

text: simplified

text: units

text: that

text: have

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: neurons

text: but

text: abstract

text: out

text: much

text: of

text: their

text: biological

text: complexity

text: The

text: computational

text: functions

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: are

text: studied

text: both

text: by

text: computer

text: scientists

text: and

text: neuroscientists

question: Computational neuroscience is concerned with what two studies?

answer: the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation.

text: the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation.


text: Just as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci – partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist – advocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techniques to improve the formal teaching of Aristotelian philosophy at the universities, helping to free them from the grip of Medieval Scholasticism. Thus, the stage was set for the adoption of an approach to natural philosophy, based on empirical observations and experimentation of the physical universe, making possible the advent of the age of scientific inquiry that followed the Renaissance.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: Just

text: as

text: artist

text: and

text: inventor

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: partaking

text: of

text: the

text: zeitgeist

text: though

text: not

text: himself

text: a

text: humanist

text: advocated

text: study

text: of

text: human

text: anatomy

text: nature

text: and

text: weather

text: to

text: enrich

text: Renaissance

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: so

text: Spanish

text: born

text: humanist

text: Juan

text: Luis

text: Vives

text: c.

text: advocated

text: observation

text: craft

text: and

text: practical

text: techniques

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: formal

text: teaching

text: of

text: Aristotelian

text: philosophy

text: at

text: the

text: universities

text: helping

text: to

text: free

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: grip

text: of

text: Medieval

text: Scholasticism

text: Thus

text: the

text: stage

text: was

text: set

text: for

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: an

text: approach

text: to

text: natural

text: philosophy

text: based

text: on

text: empirical

text: observations

text: and

text: experimentation

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: universe

text: making

text: possible

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: scientific

text: inquiry

text: that

text: followed

text: the

text: Renaissance

question: Who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could further art?

answer: Leonardo da Vinci

text: Leonardo da Vinci

question: Who helped to further the movement away from Scholasticism of the time?

answer: Juan Luis Vives

text: Juan Luis Vives

question: Where did this initiate?

answer: universities

text: universities

question: What type of philosophy was essential to this forwarding of thought?

answer: Aristotelian

text: Aristotelian

question: Who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could limit art?

text: Leonardo da Vinci

question: Who helped to further the movement closer to Scholasticism of the time?

text: Juan Luis Vives

question: What type of philosophy was unessential to this forwarding of thought?

text: Aristotelian

question: Who was the most famous humanist?

text: Leonardo da Vinci


text: The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought. These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four truths are:[note 4]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: teachings

text: on

text: the

text: Four

text: Noble

text: Truths

text: are

text: regarded

text: as

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: conceptual

text: framework

text: for

text: Buddhist

text: thought

text: These

text: four

text: truths

text: explain

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: dukkha

text: suffering

text: anxiety

text: unsatisfactoriness

text: its

text: causes

text: and

text: how

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: overcome

text: The

text: four

text: truths

text: are:[note

question: What is considered to be central to the teachings of Buddhism?

answer: the Four Noble Truths

text: the Four Noble Truths

question: What do the Four Noble Truths explain?

answer: the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome

text: the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome

question: What teachings are the most important to Buddhism?

answer: the Four Noble Truths

text: the Four Noble Truths

question: What part of Dukkha deals with pain?

answer: suffering

text: suffering

question: What is considered central to the teachings of Buddhism?

answer: Four Noble Truths

text: Four Noble Truths

question: The four truths explain the nature of what?

answer: dukkha

text: dukkha


text: Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: was

text: the

text: sole

text: established

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: until

text: the

text: Reformation

text: changed

text: this

text: drastically

text: In

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: challenged

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: as

text: he

text: saw

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: corruption

text: of

text: Christian

text: faith

text: Through

text: this

text: he

text: altered

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: European

text: and

text: world

text: history

text: and

text: established

text: Protestantism

text: The

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: destructive

text: conflicts

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: The

text: war

text: was

text: fought

text: primarily

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Germany

text: and

text: at

text: various

text: points

text: involved

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Europe

text: The

text: war

text: was

text: fought

text: largely

text: as

text: a

text: religious

text: conflict

text: between

text: Protestants

text: and

text: Catholics

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?

answer: 1517

question: During what years was the thirty year war?

answer: 1618–1648

question: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?

answer: Roman Catholicism

text: Roman Catholicism

question: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Who was the thirty year war between?

answer: Protestants and Catholics

text: Protestants and Catholics

question: What was the sole religion in Europe until the reformation?

text: Roman Catholicism

question: Who challenged the Catholic Church in the 15th century?

text: Martin Luther

question: Who established Protestantism in the 15th century?

text: Martin Luther

question: What religious war was fought in the 16th century?

text: The Thirty Years' War


text: A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: A

text: dense

text: wave

text: of

text: smog

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: part

text: of

text: China

text: on

text: December

text: across

text: a

text: distance

text: of

text: around

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: including

text: Tianjin

text: Hebei

text: Shandong

text: Jiangsu

text: Anhui

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Zhejiang

text: A

text: lack

text: of

text: cold

text: air

text: flow

text: combined

text: with

text: slow

text: moving

text: air

text: masses

text: carrying

text: industrial

text: emissions

text: collected

text: airborne

text: pollutants

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: thick

text: layer

text: of

text: smog

text: over

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: heavy

text: smog

text: heavily

text: polluted

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Jiangsu

text: Province

text: especially

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Nanjing

text: with

text: its

text: AQI

text: pollution

text: Index

text: at

text: severely

text: polluted

text: for

text: five

text: straight

text: days

text: and

text: heavily

text: polluted

text: for

text: nine

text: On

text: December

text: levels

text: of

text: particulate

text: matter

text: average

text: over

text: micrograms

text: per

text: cubic

text: metre

text: falling

text: to

text: over

text: micrograms

text: per

text: cubic

text: metre

text: on

text: December

text: Between

text: pm

text: December

text: and

text: December

text: local

text: time

text: several

text: expressways

text: from

text: Nanjing

text: to

text: other

text: Jiangsu

text: cities

text: were

text: closed

text: stranding

text: dozens

text: of

text: passenger

text: buses

text: in

text: Zhongyangmen

text: bus

text: station

text: From

text: to

text: December

text: Nanjing

text: issued

text: a

text: red

text: alert

text: for

text: air

text: pollution

text: and

text: closed

text: down

text: all

text: kindergarten

text: through

text: middle

text: schools

text: Children

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: outpatient

text: services

text: increased

text: by

text: percent

text: general

text: incidence

text: of

text: bronchitis

text: pneumonia

text: upper

text: respiratory

text: tract

text: infections

text: significantly

text: increased

text: The

text: smog

text: dissipated

text: December

text: Officials

text: blamed

text: the

text: dense

text: pollution

text: on

text: lack

text: of

text: wind

text: automobile

text: exhaust

text: emissions

text: under

text: low

text: air

text: pressure

text: and

text: coal

text: powered

text: district

text: heating

text: system

text: in

text: North

text: China

text: region

text: Prevailing

text: winds

text: blew

text: low

text: hanging

text: air

text: masses

text: of

text: factory

text: emissions

text: mostly

text: towards

text: China

text: 's

text: east

text: coast

question: When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China?

answer: 2 December 2013

text: 2 December 2013

question: How long was Nanjing ranked as "severely polluted" during this wave?

answer: five straight days

text: five straight days

question: On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution?

answer: From 5 to 6 December

text: From 5 to 6 December


text: A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chongqing. In 1946, after the Surrender of Japan, the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: A

text: few

text: days

text: before

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: National

text: Government

text: of

text: China

text: was

text: relocated

text: to

text: the

text: southwestern

text: city

text: Chungking

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: resumed

text: Chinese

text: resistance

text: In

text: a

text: Japanese

text: collaborationist

text: government

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Nanjing

text: Regime

text: or

text: Reorganized

text: National

text: Government

text: of

text: China

text: led

text: by

text: Wang

text: Jingwei

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: as

text: a

text: rival

text: to

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: 's

text: government

text: in

text: Chongqing

text: In

text: after

text: the

text: Surrender

text: of

text: Japan

text: the

text: KMT

text: relocated

text: its

text: central

text: government

text: back

text: to

text: Nanjing

question: When was the National Government of China moved to Chungking?

answer: A few days before the fall of the city

text: A few days before the fall of the city

question: When was the Nanjing Regime established?

answer: 1940

question: Who was the leader of the Nanjing Regime?

answer: Wang Jingwei

text: Wang Jingwei

question: When did the KMT move back to Nanjing?

answer: 1946

question: What was another name for the Nanjing Regime?

answer: "Reorganized National Government of China"

text: "Reorganized National Government of China"


text: Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties. These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time. After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury. The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs, and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season. The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million; some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names. The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until the end of the 2018–19 season. From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Expansion

text: of

text: Highbury

text: was

text: restricted

text: because

text: the

text: East

text: Stand

text: had

text: been

text: designated

text: as

text: a

text: Grade

text: II

text: listed

text: building

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: three

text: stands

text: were

text: close

text: to

text: residential

text: properties

text: These

text: limitations

text: prevented

text: the

text: club

text: from

text: maximising

text: matchday

text: revenue

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: putting

text: them

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: being

text: left

text: behind

text: in

text: the

text: football

text: boom

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: After

text: considering

text: various

text: options

text: in

text: Arsenal

text: proposed

text: building

text: a

text: new

text: stadium

text: at

text: Ashburton

text: Grove

text: since

text: named

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Stadium

text: about

text: metres

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Highbury

text: The

text: project

text: was

text: initially

text: delayed

text: by

text: red

text: tape

text: and

text: rising

text: costs

text: and

text: construction

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: July

text: in

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: stadium

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: sponsors

text: the

text: airline

text: company

text: Emirates

text: with

text: whom

text: the

text: club

text: signed

text: the

text: largest

text: sponsorship

text: deal

text: in

text: English

text: football

text: history

text: worth

text: around

text: million

text: some

text: fans

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: as

text: Ashburton

text: Grove

text: or

text: the

text: Grove

text: as

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: agree

text: with

text: corporate

text: sponsorship

text: of

text: stadium

text: names

text: The

text: stadium

text: will

text: be

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: Emirates

text: Stadium

text: until

text: at

text: least

text: and

text: the

text: airline

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: shirt

text: sponsor

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: From

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: on

text: the

text: stands

text: of

text: the

text: stadium

text: have

text: been

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: North

text: Bank

text: East

text: Stand

text: West

text: Stand

text: and

text: Clock

text: end

question: When did Arsenal offer a plan to build a new stadium at Ashburton Grove?

answer: 2000

question: By what name was the new Arsenal stadium finally known?

answer: Emirates Stadium

text: Emirates Stadium

question: What was the amount of the Emirates airline company deal?

answer: £100 million

text: £100 million

question: Of what facet of stadium naming do some fans disapprove?

answer: corporate sponsorship

text: corporate sponsorship

question: What type of agreement is the deal with Emirates ?

answer: sponsorship deal

text: sponsorship deal

question: What was the East Stand of Highbury close to?

text: residential properties

question: How many people could fit into Highbury?

question: How much is the largest sponsorship deal in global football history worth?

text: £100 million

question: What is Clock End close to?

text: residential properties

question: What is Northbank close to?

text: residential properties


text: Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station, which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub, and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which serve New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston. Meanwhile, Amtrak's Downeaster service to Maine originates at North Station, despite the current lack of a dedicated passenger rail link between the two railhubs, other than the "T" subway lines.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Amtrak

text: 's

text: Northeast

text: Corridor

text: and

text: Chicago

text: lines

text: originate

text: at

text: South

text: Station

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: intermodal

text: transportation

text: hub

text: and

text: stop

text: at

text: Back

text: Bay

text: Fast

text: Northeast

text: Corridor

text: trains

text: which

text: serve

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: points

text: in

text: between

text: also

text: stop

text: at

text: Route

text: Station

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Boston

text: Meanwhile

text: Amtrak

text: 's

text: Downeaster

text: service

text: to

text: Maine

text: originates

text: at

text: North

text: Station

text: despite

text: the

text: current

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: dedicated

text: passenger

text: rail

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: railhubs

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: T

text: subway

text: lines

question: Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines start?

answer: South Station

text: South Station

question: Where do Amtrack's Northeast corridor and Chicago lines end?

answer: Back Bay

text: Back Bay

question: Trains serving new Yourk and Washington D.C also stop where?

answer: Route 128 Station

text: Route 128 Station

question: What suburbs of Boston is the Route 128 Station located in?

answer: southwestern

text: southwestern

question: Where does the Downeaster service to maine start?

answer: North Station

text: North Station


text: Translations of sung texts—whether of the above type meant to be sung or of a more or less literal type meant to be read—are also used as aids to audiences, singers and conductors, when a work is being sung in a language not known to them. The most familiar types are translations presented as subtitles or surtitles projected during opera performances, those inserted into concert programs, and those that accompany commercial audio CDs of vocal music. In addition, professional and amateur singers often sing works in languages they do not know (or do not know well), and translations are then used to enable them to understand the meaning of the words they are singing.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Translations

text: of

text: sung

text: texts

text: whether

text: of

text: the

text: above

text: type

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: sung

text: or

text: of

text: a

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: literal

text: type

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: read

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: aids

text: to

text: audiences

text: singers

text: and

text: conductors

text: when

text: a

text: work

text: is

text: being

text: sung

text: in

text: a

text: language

text: not

text: known

text: to

text: them

text: The

text: most

text: familiar

text: types

text: are

text: translations

text: presented

text: as

text: subtitles

text: or

text: surtitles

text: projected

text: during

text: opera

text: performances

text: those

text: inserted

text: into

text: concert

text: programs

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: accompany

text: commercial

text: audio

text: CDs

text: of

text: vocal

text: music

text: In

text: addition

text: professional

text: and

text: amateur

text: singers

text: often

text: sing

text: works

text: in

text: languages

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: or

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: well

text: and

text: translations

text: are

text: then

text: used

text: to

text: enable

text: them

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: words

text: they

text: are

text: singing

question: Who can translations of a sung text aid?

answer: audiences, singers and conductors

text: audiences, singers and conductors

question: What type of familiar translation may be seen during an opera?

answer: subtitles or surtitles

text: subtitles or surtitles

question: What do professional and amateur singers often sing?

answer: works in languages they do not know

text: works in languages they do not know

question: Translations help singers unfamiliar with a language do what?

answer: understand the meaning of the words they are singing.

text: understand the meaning of the words they are singing.

question: Who can translations of a sung text harm?

text: audiences, singers and conductors

question: What type of familiar translation is restricted during an opera?

text: subtitles or surtitles

question: What do professional and amateur singers never sing?

text: works in languages they do not know

question: What do translations help singers familiar with a language do?

question: What kind of text is not allowed to have a translation?

text: sung texts


text: The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interior. Visually, the interior of the brain consists of areas of so-called grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter, with a lighter color. Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations. It is also possible to examine the microstructure of brain tissue using a microscope, and to trace the pattern of connections from one brain area to another.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: The

text: simplest

text: way

text: to

text: gain

text: information

text: about

text: brain

text: anatomy

text: is

text: by

text: visual

text: inspection

text: but

text: many

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: techniques

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: Brain

text: tissue

text: in

text: its

text: natural

text: state

text: is

text: too

text: soft

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: but

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: hardened

text: by

text: immersion

text: in

text: alcohol

text: or

text: other

text: fixatives

text: and

text: then

text: sliced

text: apart

text: for

text: examination

text: of

text: the

text: interior

text: Visually

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: consists

text: of

text: areas

text: of

text: so

text: called

text: grey

text: matter

text: with

text: a

text: dark

text: color

text: separated

text: by

text: areas

text: of

text: white

text: matter

text: with

text: a

text: lighter

text: color

text: Further

text: information

text: can

text: be

text: gained

text: by

text: staining

text: slices

text: of

text: brain

text: tissue

text: with

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: chemicals

text: that

text: bring

text: out

text: areas

text: where

text: specific

text: types

text: of

text: molecules

text: are

text: present

text: in

text: high

text: concentrations

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: possible

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: microstructure

text: of

text: brain

text: tissue

text: using

text: a

text: microscope

text: and

text: to

text: trace

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: connections

text: from

text: one

text: brain

text: area

text: to

text: another

question: The easiest way to learn about brain anatomy is by what?

answer: visual inspection

text: visual inspection

question: Brain tissue is naturally soft, but can be stiffened with what liquid?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: The two main areas of the brain are what colors?

answer: grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter

text: grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter

question: What instrument can you use to examine the microstructure of the brain?

answer: microscope

text: microscope

question: Grey matter of the brain is what color?

answer: dark color

text: dark color


text: Play stops when the ball carrier's knee, elbow, or any other body part aside from the feet and hands, is forced to the ground (a tackle); when a forward pass is not caught on the fly (during a scrimmage); when a touchdown (see below) or a field goal is scored; when the ball leaves the playing area by any means (being carried, thrown, or fumbled out of bounds); or when the ball carrier is in a standing position but can no longer move forwards (called forward progress). If no score has been made, the next play starts from scrimmage.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: Play

text: stops

text: when

text: the

text: ball

text: carrier

text: 's

text: knee

text: elbow

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: body

text: part

text: aside

text: from

text: the

text: feet

text: and

text: hands

text: is

text: forced

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: a

text: tackle

text: when

text: a

text: forward

text: pass

text: is

text: not

text: caught

text: on

text: the

text: fly

text: during

text: a

text: scrimmage

text: when

text: a

text: touchdown

text: see

text: below

text: or

text: a

text: field

text: goal

text: is

text: scored

text: when

text: the

text: ball

text: leaves

text: the

text: playing

text: area

text: by

text: any

text: means

text: being

text: carried

text: thrown

text: or

text: fumbled

text: out

text: of

text: bounds

text: or

text: when

text: the

text: ball

text: carrier

text: is

text: in

text: a

text: standing

text: position

text: but

text: can

text: no

text: longer

text: move

text: forwards

text: called

text: forward

text: progress

text: If

text: no

text: score

text: has

text: been

text: made

text: the

text: next

text: play

text: starts

text: from

text: scrimmage

question: What is the term for play stopped because the ball carrier, although not fully tackled, can no longer advance the ball?

answer: forward progress

text: forward progress

question: Where does the next play start unless a team has just scored?

answer: scrimmage

text: scrimmage

question: Which parts of the ball carrier's body do not cause play to stop when they touch the ground?

answer: feet and hands

text: feet and hands

question: Which direction of pass causes play to stop when it is not caught?

answer: forward

text: forward

question: If a player's knee is forced to the ground, what starts from scrimmage?

text: the next play

question: What parts of the ball carriers forward progress won't stop play when touching the ground?

text: feet and hands

question: Which touchdown causes play to stop when not caught?

text: forwards

question: Where does the next field goal start unless a team has scored?

text: scrimmage

question: What means play stopped because the ball carrier can move forward?

text: forward progress


text: The Football League was founded in 1888, 16 years after the first FA Cup competition. Since the creation of The Football League, Tottenham Hotspur is the only non-league "giant-killer" to win the Cup, taking the 1901 FA Cup with a victory over reigning league runners-up Sheffield United: although at that time, there were only two divisions and 36 clubs in the Football League, and Spurs were champions of the next lowest football tier - the Southern League and probably already good enough for the First Division (as was shown when they joined the Second Division in 1908 and immediately won promotion to the First.) Only two other actual non-League clubs have even reached the final since the founding of the League: Sheffield Wednesday in 1890 (champions of the Football Alliance, a rival league which was already effectively the Second Division, which it formally became in 1892 – Wednesday being let straight into the First Division), and Southampton in 1900 and 1902 (in which years they were also Southern League champions, proving the strength of that league: again, they were probably of equivalent standard to a First Division club at the time, but Southampton's form subsequently faded and they did not join the League till 1920 and the formation of the Third Division.)

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: Football

text: League

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: FA

text: Cup

text: competition

text: Since

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: The

text: Football

text: League

text: Tottenham

text: Hotspur

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: non

text: league

text: giant

text: killer

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Cup

text: taking

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: with

text: a

text: victory

text: over

text: reigning

text: league

text: runners

text: up

text: Sheffield

text: United

text: although

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: two

text: divisions

text: and

text: clubs

text: in

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: and

text: Spurs

text: were

text: champions

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: lowest

text: football

text: tier

text: the

text: Southern

text: League

text: and

text: probably

text: already

text: good

text: enough

text: for

text: the

text: First

text: Division

text: as

text: was

text: shown

text: when

text: they

text: joined

text: the

text: Second

text: Division

text: in

text: and

text: immediately

text: won

text: promotion

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: Only

text: two

text: other

text: actual

text: non

text: League

text: clubs

text: have

text: even

text: reached

text: the

text: final

text: since

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: Sheffield

text: Wednesday

text: in

text: champions

text: of

text: the

text: Football

text: Alliance

text: a

text: rival

text: league

text: which

text: was

text: already

text: effectively

text: the

text: Second

text: Division

text: which

text: it

text: formally

text: became

text: in

text: Wednesday

text: being

text: let

text: straight

text: into

text: the

text: First

text: Division

text: and

text: Southampton

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: which

text: years

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: Southern

text: League

text: champions

text: proving

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: that

text: league

text: again

text: they

text: were

text: probably

text: of

text: equivalent

text: standard

text: to

text: a

text: First

text: Division

text: club

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: but

text: Southampton

text: 's

text: form

text: subsequently

text: faded

text: and

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: join

text: the

text: League

text: till

text: and

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Division

question: When was the football league founded?

answer: The Football League was founded in 1888

text: The Football League was founded in 1888

question: Who is the only non league giant killer to win a cup?

answer: Tottenham Hotspur is the only non-league "giant-killer" to win the Cup

text: Tottenham Hotspur is the only non-league "giant-killer" to win the Cup

question: What year did they win the cup?

answer: 1901

question: Who did they delete for the cup?

answer: Sheffield United

text: Sheffield United

question: How many clubs where in the football league?

answer: 36 clubs in the Football League

text: 36 clubs in the Football League

question: What was founded 16 years before the first FA Cup competition?

text: The Football League

question: Who won the FA Cup in 1888?

text: Tottenham Hotspur

question: How many clubs were in the Football League in 1920?

question: Which club has never reached the final?

text: Sheffield Wednesday

question: How many non-League clubs have not reached the final since the founding of the league?

text: two


text: Unicode defines two mapping methods: the Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings. An encoding maps (possibly a subset of) the range of Unicode code points to sequences of values in some fixed-size range, termed code values. The numbers in the names of the encodings indicate the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value (for UCS encodings). UTF-8 and UTF-16 are probably the most commonly used encodings. UCS-2 is an obsolete subset of UTF-16; UCS-4 and UTF-32 are functionally equivalent.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Unicode

text: defines

text: two

text: mapping

text: methods

text: the

text: Unicode

text: Transformation

text: Format

text: UTF

text: encodings

text: and

text: the

text: Universal

text: Coded

text: Character

text: Set

text: UCS

text: encodings

text: An

text: encoding

text: maps

text: possibly

text: a

text: subset

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: Unicode

text: code

text: points

text: to

text: sequences

text: of

text: values

text: in

text: some

text: fixed

text: size

text: range

text: termed

text: code

text: values

text: The

text: numbers

text: in

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: encodings

text: indicate

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: bits

text: per

text: code

text: value

text: for

text: UTF

text: encodings

text: or

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: bytes

text: per

text: code

text: value

text: for

text: UCS

text: encodings

text: and

text: are

text: probably

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: encodings

text: is

text: an

text: obsolete

text: subset

text: of

text: and

text: are

text: functionally

text: equivalent

question: How many mapping methods does Unicode define?

answer: two

text: two

question: What are the two mapping methods that Unicode defines?

answer: Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings

text: Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) encodings, and the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) encodings

question: What do numbers in the names of the encodings indicate?

answer: the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value

text: the number of bits per code value (for UTF encodings) or the number of bytes per code value

question: What are the most commonly used encodings?

answer: UTF-8 and UTF-16

text: UTF-8 and UTF-16

question: What does UCS stand for?

answer: Universal Coded Character Set

text: Universal Coded Character Set

question: How many mapping modes does USC have?

text: two

question: What maps an encoding?

text: the range of Unicode code points

question: What is the subset of UTF-8?

question: What is functionally equivalent to USC-2?

question: What do the sequences of values indicate?

text: the range of Unicode code points


text: When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ended. These numbers constituted about 10 percent of the state's total population, and Montana again contributed one of the highest numbers of soldiers per capita of any state. Many Native Americans were among those who served, including soldiers from the Crow Nation who became Code Talkers. At least 1500 Montanans died in the war. Montana also was the training ground for the First Special Service Force or "Devil's Brigade," a joint U.S-Canadian commando-style force that trained at Fort William Henry Harrison for experience in mountainous and winter conditions before deployment. Air bases were built in Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow, some of which were used as staging areas to prepare planes to be sent to allied forces in the Soviet Union. During the war, about 30 Japanese balloon bombs were documented to have landed in Montana, though no casualties nor major forest fires were attributed to them.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: When

text: the

text: U.S.

text: entered

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: on

text: December

text: many

text: Montanans

text: already

text: had

text: enlisted

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: to

text: escape

text: the

text: poor

text: national

text: economy

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: decade

text: Another

text: Montanans

text: entered

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: following

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: over

text: joined

text: up

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: ended

text: These

text: numbers

text: constituted

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: and

text: Montana

text: again

text: contributed

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: numbers

text: of

text: soldiers

text: per

text: capita

text: of

text: any

text: state

text: Many

text: Native

text: Americans

text: were

text: among

text: those

text: who

text: served

text: including

text: soldiers

text: from

text: the

text: Crow

text: Nation

text: who

text: became

text: Code

text: Talkers

text: At

text: least

text: Montanans

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: Montana

text: also

text: was

text: the

text: training

text: ground

text: for

text: the

text: First

text: Special

text: Service

text: Force

text: or

text: Devil

text: 's

text: Brigade

text: a

text: joint

text: U.S

text: Canadian

text: commando

text: style

text: force

text: that

text: trained

text: at

text: Fort

text: William

text: Henry

text: Harrison

text: for

text: experience

text: in

text: mountainous

text: and

text: winter

text: conditions

text: before

text: deployment

text: Air

text: bases

text: were

text: built

text: in

text: Great

text: Falls

text: Lewistown

text: Cut

text: Bank

text: and

text: Glasgow

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: used

text: as

text: staging

text: areas

text: to

text: prepare

text: planes

text: to

text: be

text: sent

text: to

text: allied

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: During

text: the

text: war

text: about

text: Japanese

text: balloon

text: bombs

text: were

text: documented

text: to

text: have

text: landed

text: in

text: Montana

text: though

text: no

text: casualties

text: nor

text: major

text: forest

text: fires

text: were

text: attributed

text: to

text: them

question: How many Montanans entered the miltary in the first year of the war?

answer: 40,000-plus

question: How many Montanans joined the military in the war total?

answer: over 57,000

text: over 57,000

question: About how many Montanans  died in the war?

answer: At least 1500

text: At least 1500

question: Who trained at the military grounds in Montana?

answer: First Special Service Force or "Devil's Brigade,"

text: First Special Service Force or "Devil's Brigade,"

question: Where were air bases built in Montana?

answer: Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow

text: Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow


text: Once in Hollywood, the contestants perform individually or in groups in a series of rounds. Until season ten, there were usually three rounds of eliminations in Hollywood. In the first round the contestants emerged in groups but performed individually. For the next round, the contestants put themselves in small groups and perform a song together. In the final round, the contestants perform solo with a song of their choice a cappella or accompanied by a band—depending on the season. In seasons two and three, contestants were also asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round. In season seven, the group round was eliminated and contestants may, after a first solo performance and on judges approval, skip a second solo round and move directly to the final Hollywood round. In season twelve, the executive producers split up the females and males and chose the members to form the groups in the group round.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Once

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: the

text: contestants

text: perform

text: individually

text: or

text: in

text: groups

text: in

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: rounds

text: Until

text: season

text: ten

text: there

text: were

text: usually

text: three

text: rounds

text: of

text: eliminations

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: the

text: contestants

text: emerged

text: in

text: groups

text: but

text: performed

text: individually

text: For

text: the

text: next

text: round

text: the

text: contestants

text: put

text: themselves

text: in

text: small

text: groups

text: and

text: perform

text: a

text: song

text: together

text: In

text: the

text: final

text: round

text: the

text: contestants

text: perform

text: solo

text: with

text: a

text: song

text: of

text: their

text: choice

text: a

text: cappella

text: or

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: band—depending

text: on

text: the

text: season

text: In

text: seasons

text: two

text: and

text: three

text: contestants

text: were

text: also

text: asked

text: to

text: write

text: original

text: lyrics

text: or

text: melody

text: in

text: an

text: additional

text: round

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: In

text: season

text: seven

text: the

text: group

text: round

text: was

text: eliminated

text: and

text: contestants

text: may

text: after

text: a

text: first

text: solo

text: performance

text: and

text: on

text: judges

text: approval

text: skip

text: a

text: second

text: solo

text: round

text: and

text: move

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: final

text: Hollywood

text: round

text: In

text: season

text: twelve

text: the

text: executive

text: producers

text: split

text: up

text: the

text: females

text: and

text: males

text: and

text: chose

text: the

text: members

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: group

text: round

question: Which season did not have a group round in Hollywood?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: In which seasons were contestants required to write original lyrics?

answer: two and three

text: two and three

question: How many Hollywood rounds were there in the first nine seasons?

answer: usually three

text: usually three

question: In which season were contestants separated by gender to form groups?

answer: twelve

text: twelve

question: How many rounds of cuts were in the Hollywood stage until season ten?

answer: three

text: three

question: What was eliminated from the Hollywood round in Season seven?

answer: groups

text: groups

question: Which seasons did contestants have to write an original lyric or melody?

answer: seasons two and three

text: seasons two and three


text: Mexico City has three zoos. Chapultepec Zoo, the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo. Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo. It was opened in 1924. Visitors can see about 243 specimens of different species including kangaroos, giant panda, gorillas, caracal, hyena, hippos, jaguar, giraffe, lemur, lion, among others. Zoo San Juan de Aragon is near the San Juan de Aragon Park in the Gustavo A. Madero. In this zoo, opened in 1964, there are species that are in danger of extinction such as the jaguar and the Mexican wolf. Other guests are the golden eagle, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, caracara, zebras, African elephant, macaw, hippo, among others. Zoo Los Coyotes is a 27.68-acre (11.2 ha) zoo located south of Mexico City in the Coyoacan. It was inaugurated on February 2, 1999. It has more than 301 specimens of 51 species of wild native or endemic fauna from the Mexico City. You can admire eagles, ajolotes, coyotes, macaws, bobcats, Mexican wolves, raccoons, mountain lions, teporingos, foxes, white-tailed deer.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Mexico

text: City

text: has

text: three

text: zoos

text: Chapultepec

text: Zoo

text: the

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: Aragon

text: Zoo

text: and

text: Los

text: Coyotes

text: Zoo

text: Chapultepec

text: Zoo

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: section

text: of

text: Chapultepec

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: Miguel

text: Hidalgo

text: It

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: Visitors

text: can

text: see

text: about

text: specimens

text: of

text: different

text: species

text: including

text: kangaroos

text: giant

text: panda

text: gorillas

text: caracal

text: hyena

text: hippos

text: jaguar

text: giraffe

text: lemur

text: lion

text: among

text: others

text: Zoo

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: Aragon

text: is

text: near

text: the

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: Aragon

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: Gustavo

text: A.

text: Madero

text: In

text: this

text: zoo

text: opened

text: in

text: there

text: are

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: extinction

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: jaguar

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: wolf

text: Other

text: guests

text: are

text: the

text: golden

text: eagle

text: pronghorn

text: bighorn

text: sheep

text: caracara

text: zebras

text: African

text: elephant

text: macaw

text: hippo

text: among

text: others

text: Zoo

text: Los

text: Coyotes

text: is

text: a

text: ha

text: zoo

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: Mexico

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: Coyoacan

text: It

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: on

text: February

text: It

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: specimens

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: wild

text: native

text: or

text: endemic

text: fauna

text: from

text: the

text: Mexico

text: City

text: You

text: can

text: admire

text: eagles

text: ajolotes

text: coyotes

text: macaws

text: bobcats

text: Mexican

text: wolves

text: raccoons

text: mountain

text: lions

text: teporingos

text: foxes

text: white

text: tailed

text: deer

question: Where is the Chapultepec Zoo located?

answer: Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo

text: Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo

question: When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened?

answer: 1924

question: What sets the Zoo San Juan de Aragon apart from the others?

answer: species that are in danger of extinction

text: species that are in danger of extinction

question: How big is the Zoo Los Coyotes?

answer: 27.68-acre (11.2 ha)

text: 27.68-acre (11.2 ha)

question: How many animals inhabit Zoo Los Coyotes?

answer: more than 301 specimens

text: more than 301 specimens


text: These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: These

text: institutions

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: certain

text: regulated

text: banks

text: had

text: also

text: assumed

text: significant

text: debt

text: burdens

text: while

text: providing

text: the

text: loans

text: described

text: above

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: financial

text: cushion

text: sufficient

text: to

text: absorb

text: large

text: loan

text: defaults

text: or

text: MBS

text: losses

text: These

text: losses

text: impacted

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: financial

text: institutions

text: to

text: lend

text: slowing

text: economic

text: activity

text: Concerns

text: regarding

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: key

text: financial

text: institutions

text: drove

text: central

text: banks

text: to

text: provide

text: funds

text: to

text: encourage

text: lending

text: and

text: restore

text: faith

text: in

text: the

text: commercial

text: paper

text: markets

text: which

text: are

text: integral

text: to

text: funding

text: business

text: operations

text: Governments

text: also

text: bailed

text: out

text: key

text: financial

text: institutions

text: and

text: implemented

text: economic

text: stimulus

text: programs

text: assuming

text: significant

text: additional

text: financial

text: commitments

question: Some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?

answer: MBS

text: MBS

question: What was a consequence of the large loan defaults and MBS losses in 2007?

answer: slowing economic activity

text: slowing economic activity

question: Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in commercial banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?

answer: central banks

text: central banks

question: Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007?

answer: Governments

text: Governments

question: What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007?

answer: large loan defaults or MBS losses

text: large loan defaults or MBS losses


text: The Mesolithic period in the Indian subcontinent was followed by the Neolithic period, when more extensive settlement of the subcontinent occurred after the end of the last Ice Age approximately 12,000 years ago. The first confirmed semipermanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in modern Madhya Pradesh, India. Early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Bhirrana findings (7500 BCE) in Haryana, India & Mehrgarh findings (7000–9000 BCE) in Balochistan, Pakistan.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Mesolithic

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Neolithic

text: period

text: when

text: more

text: extensive

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: occurred

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Ice

text: Age

text: approximately

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: first

text: confirmed

text: semipermanent

text: settlements

text: appeared

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: the

text: Bhimbetka

text: rock

text: shelters

text: in

text: modern

text: Madhya

text: Pradesh

text: India

text: Early

text: Neolithic

text: culture

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: Bhirrana

text: findings

text: BCE

text: in

text: Haryana

text: India

text: Mehrgarh

text: findings

text: BCE

text: in

text: Balochistan

text: Pakistan

question: What geologic period came after the Mesolithic period in India?

answer: Neolithic

text: Neolithic

question: What happened in India during the Neolithic period?

answer: extensive settlement

text: extensive settlement

question: How long ago did the last ice age happen in India?

answer: 12,000 years

text: 12,000 years

question: When did settlements appear in Madhya Pradesh?

answer: 9,000 years ago

text: 9,000 years ago

question: During what time span were there findings of habitation in India and Pakistan?

answer: 7000–9000 BCE

text: 7000–9000 BCE


text: Furthermore, the amount of time adolescents spend on work and leisure activities varies greatly by culture as a result of cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors. American teenagers spend less time in school or working and more time on leisure activities—which include playing sports, socializing, and caring for their appearance—than do adolescents in many other countries. These differences may be influenced by cultural values of education and the amount of responsibility adolescents are expected to assume in their family or community.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: adolescents

text: spend

text: on

text: work

text: and

text: leisure

text: activities

text: varies

text: greatly

text: by

text: culture

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: cultural

text: norms

text: and

text: expectations

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: socioeconomic

text: factors

text: American

text: teenagers

text: spend

text: less

text: time

text: in

text: school

text: or

text: working

text: and

text: more

text: time

text: on

text: leisure

text: activities

text: which

text: include

text: playing

text: sports

text: socializing

text: and

text: caring

text: for

text: their

text: appearance

text: than

text: do

text: adolescents

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: countries

text: These

text: differences

text: may

text: be

text: influenced

text: by

text: cultural

text: values

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: responsibility

text: adolescents

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: assume

text: in

text: their

text: family

text: or

text: community

question: Do American teenagers spend more or less time in shool than adolescents in other countires?

answer: less

text: less

question: Do American teenagers spend more or less time on leisure activities than adolescents in other countries?

answer: more

text: more

question: Does the amount of time adolescents spend on work and leisure vary from culture to culture or reman relatively constant?

answer: varies greatly

text: varies greatly

question: What are two potential reasons that adolescents in different cultures spend varying time on work and leisure activities?

answer: cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors

text: cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors


text: The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries. This organization developed a scribal bureaucracy (known as "men of the pen") as a distinct group, partly highly trained ulama, which developed into a professional body. The effectiveness of this professional financial body stands behind the success of many great Ottoman statesmen.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: organization

text: of

text: the

text: treasury

text: and

text: chancery

text: were

text: developed

text: under

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: Islamic

text: government

text: and

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: leading

text: organization

text: among

text: all

text: their

text: contemporaries

text: This

text: organization

text: developed

text: a

text: scribal

text: bureaucracy

text: known

text: as

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: pen

text: as

text: a

text: distinct

text: group

text: partly

text: highly

text: trained

text: ulama

text: which

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: professional

text: body

text: The

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: this

text: professional

text: financial

text: body

text: stands

text: behind

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: many

text: great

text: Ottoman

text: statesmen

question: Two of the most developed economic organizations under the Ottoman Empire were what?

answer: the treasury and chancery

text: the treasury and chancery

question: What were the scribes of the chancery known as?

answer: men of the pen

text: men of the pen

question: Part of the scribal bureaucracy were trained what?

answer: ulama

text: ulama

question: What did the scribal bureaucracy become?

answer: a professional body

text: a professional body

question: The Ottoman Empire had the most developed economic organizations among Islamic Governments until which century?

answer: the 17th century

text: the 17th century


text: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuring Jay Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second international single "Irreplaceable" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: second

text: solo

text: album

text: B'Day

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: to

text: coincide

text: with

text: her

text: twenty

text: fifth

text: birthday

text: It

text: sold

text: copies

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: week

text: and

text: debuted

text: atop

text: the

text: Billboard

text: becoming

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: second

text: consecutive

text: number

text: one

text: album

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: album

text: 's

text: lead

text: single

text: Déjà

text: Vu

text: featuring

text: Jay

text: Z

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: chart

text: The

text: second

text: international

text: single

text: Irreplaceable

text: was

text: a

text: commercial

text: success

text: worldwide

text: reaching

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: Australia

text: Hungary

text: Ireland

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: B'Day

text: also

text: produced

text: three

text: other

text: singles

text: Ring

text: the

text: Alarm

text: Get

text: Me

text: Bodied

text: and

text: Green

text: Light

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: only

question: How many albums did Beyonce sell in the first week when she released her second album?

answer: 541,000

question: The lead single from the album was which song?

answer: Déjà Vu

text: Déjà Vu

question: How many countries did her song "Irreplaceable" get number one status in?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many singles did her second album produce?

answer: five

text: five

question: What birthday did Beyonce's album B'Day celebrate?

answer: twenty-fifth birthday

text: twenty-fifth birthday

question: What artist did Beyonce duet with in the single, "Deja Vu''?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: How high did ''Deja Vu'' climb on the Billboard chart?

answer: top five

text: top five

question: What is the name of Beyoncé's second album?

answer: B'Day

text: B'Day

question: How many copies did B'Day sell during the first week of its release?

answer: 541,000

question: Who collaborated with Beyoncé on the single, Deja Vu?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: Which single from B'Day was only released in the U.K.?

answer: Green Light

text: Green Light