text: Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: Horizontal

text: gene

text: transfer

text: is

text: invoked

text: to

text: explain

text: how

text: there

text: is

text: often

text: extreme

text: similarity

text: between

text: small

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: genomes

text: of

text: two

text: organisms

text: that

text: are

text: otherwise

text: very

text: distantly

text: related

text: Horizontal

text: gene

text: transfer

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: common

text: among

text: many

text: microbes

text: Also

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: experienced

text: a

text: transfer

text: of

text: some

text: genetic

text: material

text: from

text: their

text: chloroplast

text: and

text: mitochondrial

text: genomes

text: to

text: their

text: nuclear

text: chromosomes

question: What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome?

answer: Horizontal gene transfer

text: Horizontal gene transfer

question: In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly?

answer: microbes

text: microbes

question: Parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer?

answer: chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes

text: chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes

question: What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar?

text: Horizontal gene transfer

question: In what organism are eukaryotic cells common?

text: microbes

question: What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes?

question: Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes?

text: to their nuclear chromosomes

question: What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts?

text: some genetic material


text: The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word level, is highly co-articulated, so it is problematic to expect to be able to splice words into simple segments without affecting speech perception.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: The

text: findings

text: and

text: insights

text: of

text: speech

text: perception

text: and

text: articulation

text: research

text: complicate

text: the

text: traditional

text: and

text: somewhat

text: intuitive

text: idea

text: of

text: interchangeable

text: allophones

text: being

text: perceived

text: as

text: the

text: same

text: phoneme

text: First

text: interchanged

text: allophones

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: phoneme

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: unrecognizable

text: words

text: Second

text: actual

text: speech

text: even

text: at

text: a

text: word

text: level

text: is

text: highly

text: co

text: articulated

text: so

text: it

text: is

text: problematic

text: to

text: expect

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: splice

text: words

text: into

text: simple

text: segments

text: without

text: affecting

text: speech

text: perception

question: How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas?

answer: complicate

text: complicate

question: How does interchanging allophones of the same pheneme render words?

answer: unrecognizable

text: unrecognizable

question: What does splicing words affect?

answer: speech perception

text: speech perception

question: How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional spliced words?

text: complicate

question: How does interchanging phenomes of the same allophone render words?

text: unrecognizable

question: What does splicing phenomes affect?

text: speech perception

question: What can result in recognizable words?

question: What complicates the traditional ideas of phonemes being perceived as the same allophones?


text: According to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27.4%. "Strict unemployment" (people actively seeking a full-time job) stood at 20.2% in 2000, 21.9% in 2004 and spiraled to 29.4% in 2008. Under a broader definition (including people that have given up searching for employment) unemployment rose to 36.7% in 2004. This estimate considers people in the informal economy as employed. Labour and Social Welfare Minister Immanuel Ngatjizeko praised the 2008 study as "by far superior in scope and quality to any that has been available previously", but its methodology has also received criticism.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Namibia

text: Labour

text: Force

text: Survey

text: Report

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: Namibia

text: Statistics

text: Agency

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: unemployment

text: rate

text: is

text: Strict

text: unemployment

text: people

text: actively

text: seeking

text: a

text: full

text: time

text: job

text: stood

text: at

text: in

text: in

text: and

text: spiraled

text: to

text: in

text: Under

text: a

text: broader

text: definition

text: including

text: people

text: that

text: have

text: given

text: up

text: searching

text: for

text: employment

text: unemployment

text: rose

text: to

text: in

text: This

text: estimate

text: considers

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: informal

text: economy

text: as

text: employed

text: Labour

text: and

text: Social

text: Welfare

text: Minister

text: Immanuel

text: Ngatjizeko

text: praised

text: the

text: study

text: as

text: by

text: far

text: superior

text: in

text: scope

text: and

text: quality

text: to

text: any

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: available

text: previously

text: but

text: its

text: methodology

text: has

text: also

text: received

text: criticism

question: What is Namibian's unemployment rate?

answer: 27.4%

question: What was the highest unemployment rate in Namibia?

answer: 36.7%

question: Who is the Labour and Social Welfare Minister?

answer: Immanuel Ngatjizeko

text: Immanuel Ngatjizeko

question: When was the lowest unemployment rate in Namibia?

answer: 20.2%

question: What was the "Strict unemployment" figure for Namibia in 2012?

question: In what year did Immanuel Ngatjizeko become the Labour and Social Welfare Minister?

question: Who leads the Namibia Statistics Agency?

text: Immanuel Ngatjizeko

question: What was the unemployment rate in 2000?

question: What was the unemployment rate in 2012 including people who had given up looking for work?


text: John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres (153 ha) of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855. To raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Another building, University Hall, was built in 1869 of the same Joliet limestone as the Chicago Water Tower, also built in 1869, one of the few buildings in the heart of Chicago to survive the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women. Willard Residential College (1938) is named in her honor. Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: John

text: Evans

text: for

text: whom

text: Evanston

text: is

text: named

text: bought

text: acres

text: ha

text: of

text: land

text: along

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: in

text: and

text: Philo

text: Judson

text: developed

text: plans

text: for

text: what

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Evanston

text: Illinois

text: The

text: first

text: building

text: Old

text: College

text: opened

text: on

text: November

text: To

text: raise

text: funds

text: for

text: its

text: construction

text: Northwestern

text: sold

text: perpetual

text: scholarships

text: entitling

text: the

text: purchaser

text: and

text: his

text: heirs

text: to

text: free

text: tuition

text: Another

text: building

text: University

text: Hall

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: Joliet

text: limestone

text: as

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Water

text: Tower

text: also

text: built

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: Chicago

text: to

text: survive

text: the

text: Great

text: Chicago

text: Fire

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: Evanston

text: College

text: for

text: Ladies

text: merged

text: with

text: Northwestern

text: and

text: Frances

text: Willard

text: who

text: later

text: gained

text: fame

text: as

text: a

text: suffragette

text: and

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: Woman

text: 's

text: Christian

text: Temperance

text: Union

text: WCTU

text: became

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: first

text: dean

text: of

text: women

text: Willard

text: Residential

text: College

text: is

text: named

text: in

text: her

text: honor

text: Northwestern

text: admitted

text: its

text: first

text: women

text: students

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: was

text: graduated

text: in

question: What was the name of the first building opened in 1855?

answer: Old College

text: Old College

question: What did Northwestern sell to raise funds for it's first building?

answer: $100 "perpetual scholarships"

text: $100 "perpetual scholarships"

question: Who received free tuition after buying the $100 perpetual scholarships?

answer: the purchaser and his heirs

text: the purchaser and his heirs

question: Who did Northwestern merge with in 1873?

answer: Evanston College for Ladies

text: Evanston College for Ladies

question: Who was Northwestern's first dean of women?

answer: Frances Willard

text: Frances Willard

question: What was the name of the first building opened in 1955?

text: Old College

question: What did Southwestern sell to raise funds for it's first building?

text: $100 "perpetual scholarships"

question: Who received free tuition after buying the $5600 perpetual scholarships?

text: purchaser and his heirs

question: Who did Northwestern merge with in 1973?

text: Evanston College for Ladies

question: Who was Northwestern's first dean of men?

text: Christian Temperance


text: On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously. It was the third time that the Portuguese government had requested external financial aid from the IMF—the first occasion occurred in the late 1970s following the Carnation's Revolution. In October 2011, Moody's Investor Services downgraded nine Portuguese banks due to financial weakness.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: On

text: April

text: after

text: his

text: proposed

text: Plan

text: for

text: Stability

text: and

text: Growth

text: IV

text: PEC

text: IV

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: Parliament

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: José

text: Sócrates

text: announced

text: on

text: national

text: television

text: that

text: the

text: country

text: would

text: request

text: financial

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: IMF

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Financial

text: Stability

text: Facility

text: as

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: had

text: done

text: previously

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: government

text: had

text: requested

text: external

text: financial

text: aid

text: from

text: the

text: IMF

text: the

text: first

text: occasion

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: following

text: the

text: Carnation

text: 's

text: Revolution

text: In

text: October

text: Moody

text: 's

text: Investor

text: Services

text: downgraded

text: nine

text: Portuguese

text: banks

text: due

text: to

text: financial

text: weakness

question: What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011?

answer: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility

text: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility

question: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?

answer: third

text: third

question: What provoked the first request from Portugal for financial support?

answer: Carnation's Revolution

text: Carnation's Revolution

question: For what reason did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in 2011?

answer: financial weakness

text: financial weakness


text: Some of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century included maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, guano, sodium nitrate and phosphate Aside from the dockyard in the town of Devonport, industries in Plymouth such as the gasworks, the railways and tramways and a number of small chemical works had begun to develop in the 19th century, continuing into the 20th century.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: imports

text: to

text: Plymouth

text: from

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: included

text: maize

text: wheat

text: barley

text: sugar

text: cane

text: guano

text: sodium

text: nitrate

text: and

text: phosphate

text: Aside

text: from

text: the

text: dockyard

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Devonport

text: industries

text: in

text: Plymouth

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: gasworks

text: the

text: railways

text: and

text: tramways

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: small

text: chemical

text: works

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: develop

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: continuing

text: into

text: the

text: century

question: What animal byproduct was imported to Plymouth in the 19th century?

answer: guano

text: guano

question: In what settlement were the dockyards located?

answer: Devonport

text: Devonport


text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: water

question: According to the United States Census Bureau, what is the total area in square miles?

answer: 17.037 square miles

text: 17.037 square miles

question: What is the area of land?

answer: 10.747 square miles

text: 10.747 square miles

question: What is the area of water?

answer: 6.290 square miles

text: 6.290 square miles

question: What percentage of the city is made up of water?

answer: 36.92%

question: What organization provided data detailing the size of the city?

answer: United States Census Bureau

text: United States Census Bureau


text: During the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metric tons) of highly enriched weapons grade uranium (enough to make 40,000 nuclear warheads) have been stored in often inadequately guarded facilities in the Russian Federation and several other former Soviet states. Police in Asia, Europe, and South America on at least 16 occasions from 1993 to 2005 have intercepted shipments of smuggled bomb-grade uranium or plutonium, most of which was from ex-Soviet sources. From 1993 to 2005 the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program, operated by the federal government of the United States, spent approximately US $550 million to help safeguard uranium and plutonium stockpiles in Russia. This money was used for improvements and security enhancements at research and storage facilities. Scientific American reported in February 2006 that in some of the facilities security consisted of chain link fences which were in severe states of disrepair. According to an interview from the article, one facility had been storing samples of enriched (weapons grade) uranium in a broom closet before the improvement project; another had been keeping track of its stock of nuclear warheads using index cards kept in a shoe box.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: During

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: between

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: huge

text: stockpiles

text: of

text: uranium

text: were

text: amassed

text: and

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: were

text: created

text: using

text: enriched

text: uranium

text: and

text: plutonium

text: made

text: from

text: uranium

text: Since

text: the

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: short

text: tons

text: metric

text: tons

text: of

text: highly

text: enriched

text: weapons

text: grade

text: uranium

text: enough

text: to

text: make

text: nuclear

text: warheads

text: have

text: been

text: stored

text: in

text: often

text: inadequately

text: guarded

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: former

text: Soviet

text: states

text: Police

text: in

text: Asia

text: Europe

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: on

text: at

text: least

text: occasions

text: from

text: to

text: have

text: intercepted

text: shipments

text: of

text: smuggled

text: bomb

text: grade

text: uranium

text: or

text: plutonium

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: from

text: ex

text: Soviet

text: sources

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Material

text: Protection

text: Control

text: and

text: Accounting

text: Program

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: spent

text: approximately

text: US

text: million

text: to

text: help

text: safeguard

text: uranium

text: and

text: plutonium

text: stockpiles

text: in

text: Russia

text: This

text: money

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: improvements

text: and

text: security

text: enhancements

text: at

text: research

text: and

text: storage

text: facilities

text: Scientific

text: American

text: reported

text: in

text: February

text: that

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: facilities

text: security

text: consisted

text: of

text: chain

text: link

text: fences

text: which

text: were

text: in

text: severe

text: states

text: of

text: disrepair

text: According

text: to

text: an

text: interview

text: from

text: the

text: article

text: one

text: facility

text: had

text: been

text: storing

text: samples

text: of

text: enriched

text: weapons

text: grade

text: uranium

text: in

text: a

text: broom

text: closet

text: before

text: the

text: improvement

text: project

text: another

text: had

text: been

text: keeping

text: track

text: of

text: its

text: stock

text: of

text: nuclear

text: warheads

text: using

text: index

text: cards

text: kept

text: in

text: a

text: shoe

text: box

question: Who was the Soviet Union's opponent in the Cold War?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: How many nuclear warheads can be made with 540 metric tons of highly enriched weapons grade uranium?

answer: 40,000

question: What was the expenditure of the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program between 1993 and 2005?

answer: US $550 million

text: US $550 million

question: What is another term for uranium that is enriched?

answer: weapons grade

text: weapons grade

question: Approximately how many times did police capture shipments of bomb-grade plutonium or uranium between 1993 and 2005?

answer: 16

question: Who was the Soviet Union's ally in the Cold War?

text: United States

question: How many nuclear warheads can be made with 450 metric tons of highly enriched weapons grade uranium?

question: What was the expenditure of the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program between 1995 and 2005?

text: US $550 million

question: What is another term for uranium that is not enriched?

text: weapons grade

question: Approximately how many times did police capture shipments of bomb-grade plutonium or uranium between 1993 and 2003?


text: In some modern day nations and regions in which Sharia law is ostensibly practiced, heresy remains an offense punishable by death. One example is the 1989 fatwa issued by the government of Iran, offering a substantial bounty for anyone who succeeds in the assassination of author Salman Rushdie, whose writings were declared as heretical.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: In

text: some

text: modern

text: day

text: nations

text: and

text: regions

text: in

text: which

text: Sharia

text: law

text: is

text: ostensibly

text: practiced

text: heresy

text: remains

text: an

text: offense

text: punishable

text: by

text: death

text: One

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: fatwa

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Iran

text: offering

text: a

text: substantial

text: bounty

text: for

text: anyone

text: who

text: succeeds

text: in

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: author

text: Salman

text: Rushdie

text: whose

text: writings

text: were

text: declared

text: as

text: heretical

question: What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution?

answer: Sharia law

text: Sharia law

question: What author was declared a heretic and had a bounty placed on his head by the government of Iran?

answer: Salman Rushdie

text: Salman Rushdie

question: What did Salman Rushdie say was heretical?

text: Sharia law

question: What is only punisable by death where Sharia law is practiced?

text: heresy

question: What country declare Sharia law in 1989?

text: Iran


text: Children working at a young age has been a consistent theme throughout Africa. Many children began first working in the home to help their parents run the family farm. Children in Africa today are often forced into exploitative labour due to family debt and other financial factors, leading to ongoing poverty. Other types of domestic child labour include working in commercial plantations, begging, and other sales such as boot shining. In total, there is an estimated five million children who are currently working in the field of agriculture which steadily increases during the time of harvest. Along with 30 percent of children who are picking coffee, there are an estimated 25,000 school age children who work year round.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Children

text: working

text: at

text: a

text: young

text: age

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: consistent

text: theme

text: throughout

text: Africa

text: Many

text: children

text: began

text: first

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: help

text: their

text: parents

text: run

text: the

text: family

text: farm

text: Children

text: in

text: Africa

text: today

text: are

text: often

text: forced

text: into

text: exploitative

text: labour

text: due

text: to

text: family

text: debt

text: and

text: other

text: financial

text: factors

text: leading

text: to

text: ongoing

text: poverty

text: Other

text: types

text: of

text: domestic

text: child

text: labour

text: include

text: working

text: in

text: commercial

text: plantations

text: begging

text: and

text: other

text: sales

text: such

text: as

text: boot

text: shining

text: In

text: total

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: estimated

text: five

text: million

text: children

text: who

text: are

text: currently

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: agriculture

text: which

text: steadily

text: increases

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: harvest

text: Along

text: with

text: percent

text: of

text: children

text: who

text: are

text: picking

text: coffee

text: there

text: are

text: an

text: estimated

text: school

text: age

text: children

text: who

text: work

text: year

text: round

question: Where do African children find their first jobs?

answer: home

text: home

question: What do African children do primarily while working at home?

answer: help their parents run the family farm

text: help their parents run the family farm

question: How many children in Africa are working in the arigucultural sector?

answer: estimated five million

text: estimated five million

question: How many children in Africa pick coffee?

answer: 30 percent

text: 30 percent

question: How many children work year round in Africa?

answer: estimated 25,000

text: estimated 25,000


text: Schwarzenegger has been a registered Republican for many years. As an actor, his political views were always well known as they contrasted with those of many other prominent Hollywood stars, who are generally considered to be a liberal and Democratic-leaning community. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, Schwarzenegger gave a speech and explained why he was a Republican:

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: registered

text: Republican

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: As

text: an

text: actor

text: his

text: political

text: views

text: were

text: always

text: well

text: known

text: as

text: they

text: contrasted

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: many

text: other

text: prominent

text: Hollywood

text: stars

text: who

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: liberal

text: and

text: Democratic

text: leaning

text: community

text: At

text: the

text: Republican

text: National

text: Convention

text: Schwarzenegger

text: gave

text: a

text: speech

text: and

text: explained

text: why

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: Republican

question: In what year did Schwarzenegger speak at the Republican National Convention?

answer: 2004


text: The term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran countries, the celebration is known as Fastelavn, and in areas with a high concentration of Anglicans and Methodists, pre-Lenten celebrations, along with penitential observances, occur on Shrove Tuesday. In Eastern Orthodox nations, Maslenitsa is celebrated during the last week before Great Lent. In German-speaking Europe and the Netherlands, the Carnival season traditionally opens on 11/11 (often at 11:11 a.m.). This dates back to celebrations before the Advent season or with harvest celebrations of St. Martin's Day.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: The

text: term

text: Carnival

text: is

text: traditionally

text: used

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: Catholic

text: presence

text: However

text: the

text: Philippines

text: a

text: predominantly

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: country

text: does

text: not

text: celebrate

text: Carnival

text: anymore

text: since

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Manila

text: Carnival

text: after

text: the

text: last

text: carnival

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: historically

text: Lutheran

text: countries

text: the

text: celebration

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Fastelavn

text: and

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: concentration

text: of

text: Anglicans

text: and

text: Methodists

text: pre

text: Lenten

text: celebrations

text: along

text: with

text: penitential

text: observances

text: occur

text: on

text: Shrove

text: Tuesday

text: In

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: nations

text: Maslenitsa

text: is

text: celebrated

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: week

text: before

text: Great

text: Lent

text: In

text: German

text: speaking

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: the

text: Carnival

text: season

text: traditionally

text: opens

text: on

text: often

text: at

text: a.m.

text: This

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: celebrations

text: before

text: the

text: Advent

text: season

text: or

text: with

text: harvest

text: celebrations

text: of

text: St.

text: Martin

text: 's

text: Day

question: The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic

question: What country no longer celebrates Carnival?

answer: the Philippines

text: the Philippines

question: The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year?

answer: 1939

question: What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran?

answer: Fastelavn

text: Fastelavn

question: What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent?

answer: Maslenitsa

text: Maslenitsa


text: The 2014 scheduled beginning proved to be too ambitious for the group; its official website now cites an anticipated beginning of professional play in 2016 and shows photos from a six-team collegiate tournament staged in early November, 2015

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: The

text: scheduled

text: beginning

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: too

text: ambitious

text: for

text: the

text: group

text: its

text: official

text: website

text: now

text: cites

text: an

text: anticipated

text: beginning

text: of

text: professional

text: play

text: in

text: and

text: shows

text: photos

text: from

text: a

text: six

text: team

text: collegiate

text: tournament

text: staged

text: in

text: early

text: November

question: When does the CAFL plan on start its first season?

answer: 2016

question: When was the abortive first CAFL season supposed to have taken place?

answer: 2014

question: How many teams participated in the 2015 CAFL tournament?

answer: six

text: six

question: In what month did the CAFL tournament occur?

answer: November

text: November


text: In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended to be those from "peace churches" who generally opposed war. Many individuals from throughout the U.S. who claimed conscientious objector status were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: In

text: Jeannette

text: Rankin

text: had

text: once

text: again

text: been

text: elected

text: to

text: Congress

text: and

text: in

text: as

text: she

text: did

text: in

text: she

text: voted

text: against

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: This

text: time

text: she

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: vote

text: against

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: public

text: outcry

text: over

text: her

text: vote

text: she

text: required

text: police

text: protection

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: Other

text: pacifists

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: those

text: from

text: peace

text: churches

text: who

text: generally

text: opposed

text: war

text: Many

text: individuals

text: from

text: throughout

text: the

text: U.S.

text: who

text: claimed

text: conscientious

text: objector

text: status

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: Montana

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: as

text: smokejumpers

text: and

text: for

text: other

text: forest

text: fire

text: fighting

text: duties

question: What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time?

answer: 1917

question: When did she vote a second time against war?

answer: 1941

question: What were conscientious objectors sent to Montana to do?

answer: smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.

text: smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.


text: Hydrogen is commonly used in power stations as a coolant in generators due to a number of favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules. These include low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: power

text: stations

text: as

text: a

text: coolant

text: in

text: generators

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: favorable

text: properties

text: that

text: are

text: a

text: direct

text: result

text: of

text: its

text: light

text: diatomic

text: molecules

text: These

text: include

text: low

text: density

text: low

text: viscosity

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: specific

text: heat

text: and

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: of

text: all

text: gases

question: How is hydrogen used at power stations?

answer: as a coolant in generators

text: as a coolant in generators

question: Why is it used as a coolant?

answer: favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules

text: favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules

question: What are these properties?

answer: low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases

text: low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases


text: The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: formula

text: defining

text: the

text: HDI

text: is

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Programme

text: UNDP

text: In

text: general

text: to

text: transform

text: a

text: raw

text: variable

text: say

text: into

text: a

text: unit

text: free

text: index

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: allows

text: different

text: indices

text: to

text: be

text: added

text: together

text: the

text: following

text: formula

text: is

text: used

question: What entity makes the defining formula for the HDI well-known?

answer: the United Nations Development Programme

text: the United Nations Development Programme

question: What entity makes the defining formula for the HDMI well-known?

question: What does UNDD stand for?

text: United Nations Development Programme


text: Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Standard

text: Chinese

text: Mandarin

text: has

text: stops

text: and

text: affricates

text: distinguished

text: by

text: aspiration

text: for

text: instance

text: /t

text: tʰ/

text: /t͡s

text: t͡sʰ/.

text: In

text: pinyin

text: tenuis

text: stops

text: are

text: written

text: with

text: letters

text: that

text: represent

text: voiced

text: consonants

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: with

text: letters

text: that

text: represent

text: voiceless

text: consonants

text: Thus

text: d

text: represents

text: /t/

text: and

text: t

text: represents

text: /tʰ/.

question: Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?

answer: aspiration

text: aspiration

question: Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?

answer: pinyin

text: pinyin

question: What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?

answer: aspirated stops

text: aspirated stops

question: The English language has stops and affricates distinguished by what?

text: aspiration

question: In pinyin, tenuis consonants are written how?

question: In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?

question: What is written with letter that represent voiced consonants?

text: aspirated stops

question: What represents d?

text: /t/


text: In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for "Love on Top". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts and a new song, "God Made You Beautiful". In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: In

text: January

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: released

text: Love

text: Songs

text: a

text: compilation

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: romance

text: themed

text: songs

text: from

text: their

text: previous

text: albums

text: and

text: a

text: newly

text: recorded

text: track

text: Nuclear

text: Beyoncé

text: performed

text: the

text: American

text: national

text: anthem

text: singing

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: pre

text: recorded

text: track

text: at

text: President

text: Obama

text: 's

text: second

text: inauguration

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: The

text: following

text: month

text: Beyoncé

text: performed

text: at

text: the

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XLVII

text: halftime

text: show

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: Mercedes

text: Benz

text: Superdome

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: The

text: performance

text: stands

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: tweeted

text: about

text: moment

text: in

text: history

text: at

text: tweets

text: per

text: minute

text: At

text: the

text: Annual

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: Beyoncé

text: won

text: for

text: Best

text: Traditional

text: R&B

text: Performance

text: for

text: Love

text: on

text: Top

text: Her

text: feature

text: length

text: documentary

text: film

text: Life

text: Is

text: But

text: a

text: Dream

text: first

text: aired

text: on

text: HBO

text: on

text: February

text: The

text: film

text: which

text: she

text: directed

text: and

text: produced

text: herself

text: featured

text: footage

text: from

text: her

text: childhood

text: her

text: as

text: a

text: mother

text: and

text: businesswoman

text: recording

text: rehearsing

text: for

text: live

text: performances

text: and

text: her

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: spotlight

text: following

text: Blue

text: Ivy

text: 's

text: birth

text: Its

text: DVD

text: release

text: in

text: November

text: was

text: accompanied

text: by

text: footage

text: from

text: the

text: Revel

text: Presents

text: Beyoncé

text: Live

text: concerts

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: song

text: God

text: Made

text: You

text: Beautiful

text: In

text: February

text: Beyoncé

text: signed

text: a

text: global

text: publishing

text: agreement

text: with

text: Warner

text: Chappell

text: Music

text: which

text: would

text: cover

text: her

text: future

text: songwriting

text: and

text: then

text: upcoming

text: studio

text: album

question: Destiny's Child released a compilation album about which topic?

answer: romance

text: romance

question: Beyonce's documentary movie was called what?

answer: Life Is But a Dream

text: Life Is But a Dream

question: What did Beyonce sign in 2013?

answer: global publishing agreement

text: global publishing agreement

question: When did Destiny's Child release its album "Love Songs"?

answer: January 2013

text: January 2013

question: What was the title of the added track in Love Songs?

answer: Nuclear

text: Nuclear

question: At whose inauguration did she perform the National Anthem?

answer: President Obama

text: President Obama

question: How many Tweets per minute did the half time show get?

answer: 268,000 tweets per minute

text: 268,000 tweets per minute

question: When did Destiny's Child release Love Songs?

answer: January 2013

text: January 2013

question: What was the new track for Love Songs?

answer: Nuclear

text: Nuclear

question: What did Beyoncé sing at President Obama's second inauguration?

answer: the American national anthem

text: the American national anthem

question: What event did Beyoncé perform at one month after Obama's inauguration?

answer: Super Bowl XLVII halftime show

text: Super Bowl XLVII halftime show

question: What is the name of Beyoncé's documentary film?

answer: Life Is But a Dream

text: Life Is But a Dream


text: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Old

text: Low

text: Franconian

text: or

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: stage

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: separate

text: Dutch

text: language

text: The

text: Low

text: in

text: Old

text: Low

text: Franconian

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: Frankish

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: Low

text: Countries

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: High

text: German

text: consonant

text: shift

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Central

text: and

text: high

text: Franconian

text: in

text: Germany

text: The

text: latter

text: would

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: evolve

text: with

text: Allemanic

text: into

text: Old

text: High

text: German

text: At

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: Ingvaeonic

text: nasal

text: spirant

text: law

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Old

text: Saxon

text: Old

text: Frisian

text: Anglo

text: Frisian

text: and

text: Old

text: English

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: Hardly

text: influenced

text: by

text: either

text: development

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: remained

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Franks

text: the

text: people

text: that

text: would

text: rule

text: Europe

text: for

text: centuries

text: The

text: language

text: however

text: did

text: experienced

text: developments

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: like

text: final

text: obstruent

text: devoicing

text: in

text: a

text: very

text: early

text: stage

text: In

text: fact

text: by

text: judging

text: from

text: the

text: find

text: at

text: Bergakker

text: it

text: would

text: seem

text: that

text: the

text: language

text: already

text: experienced

text: this

text: characteristic

text: during

text: the

text: Old

text: Frankish

text: period

question: What's another name for Old Frisian?

answer: Anglo-Frisian

text: Anglo-Frisian

question: What's another name for Old English?

answer: Anglo-Saxon

text: Anglo-Saxon

question: What language stayed very similar to the language spoken by Franks?

answer: Old Dutch

text: Old Dutch

question: What period is the Bergakker inscription from that shows characteristics of the Old Dutch language?

answer: Old Frankish

text: Old Frankish

question: What's another name for Old Dutch that demonstrates its difference from German Franconian?

answer: Old Low Franconian

text: Old Low Franconian


text: Egyptian cinema became a regional force with the coming of sound. In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades. For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production.[citation needed] Egypt is considered the leading country in the field of cinema in the Middle East. Actors from all over the Arab World seek to appear in the Egyptian cinema for the sake of fame. The Cairo International Film Festival has been rated as one of 11 festivals with a top class rating worldwide by the International Federation of Film Producers' Associations.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egyptian

text: cinema

text: became

text: a

text: regional

text: force

text: with

text: the

text: coming

text: of

text: sound

text: In

text: Studio

text: Misr

text: financed

text: by

text: industrialist

text: Talaat

text: Harb

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: leading

text: Egyptian

text: studio

text: a

text: role

text: the

text: company

text: retained

text: for

text: three

text: decades

text: For

text: over

text: years

text: more

text: than

text: films

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: in

text: Egypt

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: Arab

text: production.[citation

text: needed

text: Egypt

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: leading

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: cinema

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Actors

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: Arab

text: World

text: seek

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: cinema

text: for

text: the

text: sake

text: of

text: fame

text: The

text: Cairo

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: has

text: been

text: rated

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: festivals

text: with

text: a

text: top

text: class

text: rating

text: worldwide

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Federation

text: of

text: Film

text: Producers

text: Associations

question: In what year was Studio Misr founded?

answer: 1936

question: Who financed Studio Misr?

answer: Talaat Harb

text: Talaat Harb

question: In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt?

answer: 4000 films

text: 4000 films

question: What share of Arab productions have come from Egypt?

answer: three quarters

text: three quarters


text: For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moods: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons. Luddi, Bhangra and Sammi depict the joy of living. Love legends of Heer Ranjha, Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahenwal and Saiful Mulk are sung in different styles.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: For

text: the

text: popular

text: taste

text: however

text: light

text: music

text: particularly

text: Ghazals

text: and

text: folk

text: songs

text: which

text: have

text: an

text: appeal

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: Mehdi

text: Hassan

text: Ghulam

text: Ali

text: Nur

text: Jehan

text: Malika

text: Pukhraj

text: Farida

text: Khanum

text: Roshen

text: Ara

text: Begum

text: and

text: Nusrat

text: Fateh

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: Folk

text: songs

text: and

text: dances

text: of

text: the

text: Punjab

text: reflect

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: moods

text: the

text: rains

text: sowing

text: and

text: harvesting

text: seasons

text: Luddi

text: Bhangra

text: and

text: Sammi

text: depict

text: the

text: joy

text: of

text: living

text: Love

text: legends

text: of

text: Heer

text: Ranjha

text: Mirza

text: Sahiban

text: Sohni

text: Mahenwal

text: and

text: Saiful

text: Mulk

text: are

text: sung

text: in

text: different

text: styles

question: What kind of music does Malika Pukhraj perform?

answer: Ghazals and folk songs

text: Ghazals and folk songs

question: What do Punjab folk songs often reflect?

answer: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons

text: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons

question: Who sings about the joy of living?

answer: Luddi, Bhangra and Sammi

text: Luddi, Bhangra and Sammi

question: What does Heer Ranjha sing about?

answer: Love

text: Love

question: What kind of music does Roshen Ara Begum perform?

answer: Ghazals and folk songs

text: Ghazals and folk songs

question: What is the name of the singer that sings songs representing the rains?

text: Luddi

question: Who wrote songs after the style of Sammi?

text: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

question: What type of songs are limited to a set number of moods?

text: Folk songs and dances

question: What tends to be less popular with the people?

question: What songs use the same styling?

text: Love legends


text: Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most scholars as an early text (cf. Infant baptism). Tibetan Buddhism sometimes adds a fourth refuge, in the lama. In Mahayana, the person who chooses the bodhisattva path makes a vow or pledge, considered the ultimate expression of compassion. In Mahayana, too, the Three Jewels are perceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging essence and as having an irreversible effect: "The Three Jewels have the quality of excellence. Just as real jewels never change their faculty and goodness, whether praised or reviled, so are the Three Jewels (Refuges), because they have an eternal and immutable essence. These Three Jewels bring a fruition that is changeless, for once one has reached Buddhahood, there is no possibility of falling back to suffering.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: first

text: step

text: in

text: most

text: Buddhist

text: schools

text: requires

text: taking

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: Three

text: Jewels

text: Sanskrit

text: tri

text: ratna

text: Pāli

text: ti

text: ratana)[web

text: as

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: religious

text: practice

text: The

text: practice

text: of

text: taking

text: refuge

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: young

text: or

text: even

text: unborn

text: children

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Majjhima

text: Nikaya

text: recognized

text: by

text: most

text: scholars

text: as

text: an

text: early

text: text

text: cf

text: Infant

text: baptism

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: sometimes

text: adds

text: a

text: fourth

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: lama

text: In

text: Mahayana

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: chooses

text: the

text: bodhisattva

text: path

text: makes

text: a

text: vow

text: or

text: pledge

text: considered

text: the

text: ultimate

text: expression

text: of

text: compassion

text: In

text: Mahayana

text: too

text: the

text: Three

text: Jewels

text: are

text: perceived

text: as

text: possessed

text: of

text: an

text: eternal

text: and

text: unchanging

text: essence

text: and

text: as

text: having

text: an

text: irreversible

text: effect

text: The

text: Three

text: Jewels

text: have

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: excellence

text: Just

text: as

text: real

text: jewels

text: never

text: change

text: their

text: faculty

text: and

text: goodness

text: whether

text: praised

text: or

text: reviled

text: so

text: are

text: the

text: Three

text: Jewels

text: Refuges

text: because

text: they

text: have

text: an

text: eternal

text: and

text: immutable

text: essence

text: These

text: Three

text: Jewels

text: bring

text: a

text: fruition

text: that

text: is

text: changeless

text: for

text: once

text: one

text: has

text: reached

text: Buddhahood

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: possibility

text: of

text: falling

text: back

text: to

text: suffering

question: What is the first step in a school of Buddhism?

answer: the Three Jewels

text: the Three Jewels

question: What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children?

answer: Majjhima Nikaya

text: Majjhima Nikaya

question: What type of Buddhism adds a fourth refuge?

answer: Tibetan

text: Tibetan

question: The Three Jewels are preceived as possessed of an eternal and unchanging what?

answer: essence.

text: essence.

question: What has an irreversable effect?

answer: The Three Jewels

text: The Three Jewels


text: The Alaska Permanent Fund is a constitutionally authorized appropriation of oil revenues, established by voters in 1976 to manage a surplus in state petroleum revenues from oil, largely in anticipation of the recently constructed Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. The fund was originally proposed by Governor Keith Miller on the eve of the 1969 Prudhoe Bay lease sale, out of fear that the legislature would spend the entire proceeds of the sale (which amounted to $900 million) at once. It was later championed by Governor Jay Hammond and Kenai state representative Hugh Malone. It has served as an attractive political prospect ever since, diverting revenues which would normally be deposited into the general fund.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: Alaska

text: Permanent

text: Fund

text: is

text: a

text: constitutionally

text: authorized

text: appropriation

text: of

text: oil

text: revenues

text: established

text: by

text: voters

text: in

text: to

text: manage

text: a

text: surplus

text: in

text: state

text: petroleum

text: revenues

text: from

text: oil

text: largely

text: in

text: anticipation

text: of

text: the

text: recently

text: constructed

text: Trans

text: Alaska

text: Pipeline

text: System

text: The

text: fund

text: was

text: originally

text: proposed

text: by

text: Governor

text: Keith

text: Miller

text: on

text: the

text: eve

text: of

text: the

text: Prudhoe

text: Bay

text: lease

text: sale

text: out

text: of

text: fear

text: that

text: the

text: legislature

text: would

text: spend

text: the

text: entire

text: proceeds

text: of

text: the

text: sale

text: which

text: amounted

text: to

text: million

text: at

text: once

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: championed

text: by

text: Governor

text: Jay

text: Hammond

text: and

text: Kenai

text: state

text: representative

text: Hugh

text: Malone

text: It

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: an

text: attractive

text: political

text: prospect

text: ever

text: since

text: diverting

text: revenues

text: which

text: would

text: normally

text: be

text: deposited

text: into

text: the

text: general

text: fund

question: What is the Alaska Permanent Fund?

answer: constitutionally authorized appropriation of oil revenues

text: constitutionally authorized appropriation of oil revenues

question: In what year was the Alaska Permanent Fund established?

answer: 1976

question: Why was the Alaska Permament Fund established?

answer: to manage a surplus in state petroleum revenues from oil

text: to manage a surplus in state petroleum revenues from oil

question: Who originally proposed the Alaska Permanent Fund?

answer: Governor Keith Miller

text: Governor Keith Miller

question: Why did Governor Keith Miller propose the Alaska Permanent Fund before the Prudhoe Bay sale?

answer: fear that the legislature would spend the entire proceeds of the sale (which amounted to $900 million) at once

text: fear that the legislature would spend the entire proceeds of the sale (which amounted to $900 million) at once

question: What is the Alaska Temporary Fund?

question: In what year was the Alaska Permanent Fund ended?

question: Why was the Alaska Permament Fund unestablished?

question: Who originally hated the Alaska Permanent Fund?

text: Governor Keith Miller

question: Why did Governor Keith Miller propose the Alaska Permanent Fund after the Prudhoe Bay sale?


text: Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: Many

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: have

text: aspirated

text: stops

text: Sanskrit

text: Hindi

text: Bengali

text: Marathi

text: and

text: Gujarati

text: have

text: a

text: four

text: way

text: distinction

text: in

text: stops

text: voiceless

text: aspirated

text: voiced

text: and

text: breathy

text: voiced

text: or

text: voiced

text: aspirated

text: such

text: as

text: /p

text: pʰ

text: b

text: bʱ/.

text: Punjabi

text: has

text: lost

text: breathy

text: voiced

text: consonants

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: tone

text: system

text: and

text: therefore

text: has

text: a

text: distinction

text: between

text: voiceless

text: aspirated

text: and

text: voiced

text: /p

text: pʰ

text: b/.

question: How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is another term for voice-aspirated?

answer: breathy-voiced

text: breathy-voiced

question: Which distinction has Punjabi lost?

answer: breathy-voiced consonants

text: breathy-voiced consonants

question: What languages have unaspirated stops?

text: Indo-Aryan languages

question: Sanskrit has a three-way distinction in what?

text: stops

question: What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?

text: Punjabi

question: What happened to result in a toneless system?

question: What is an example of a two-way distinction in stops?

text: /p pʰ b bʱ/


text: Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Paper

text: waste

text: accounts

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: total

text: waste

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: each

text: year

text: which

text: adds

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: paper

text: waste

text: per

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: alone

text: The

text: average

text: office

text: worker

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: prints

text: pages

text: every

text: day

text: Americans

text: also

text: use

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: billion

text: paper

text: cups

text: per

text: year

question: What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?

answer: 40%

question: How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?

answer: 71.6 million

text: 71.6 million

question: How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?

answer: 16 billion

text: 16 billion

question: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?

answer: 31

question: How much percent of total waste does paper waste account for in Europe?

question: How many tons of paper are wasted per year in Europe?

text: 71.6 million

question: How many pages of paper does the average worker in Europe print per day?

question: How many paper cups per year do Europeans use?

text: 16 billion

question: In what country does an average office worker print 71.6 million pages of paper every day?

text: United States

question: What percentage of total waste can not be attributed to paper?

question: How many hundreds of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?

question: How many paper bags are used by Americans each year?

text: 16 billion

question: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the UK each day?


text: The Jordan River runs along the Jordan Rift Valley, from Mount Hermon through the Hulah Valley and the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the surface of the Earth. Further south is the Arabah, ending with the Gulf of Eilat, part of the Red Sea. Unique to Israel and the Sinai Peninsula are makhteshim, or erosion cirques. The largest makhtesh in the world is Ramon Crater in the Negev, which measures 40 by 8 kilometers (25 by 5 mi). A report on the environmental status of the Mediterranean basin states that Israel has the largest number of plant species per square meter of all the countries in the basin.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: Jordan

text: River

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: Jordan

text: Rift

text: Valley

text: from

text: Mount

text: Hermon

text: through

text: the

text: Hulah

text: Valley

text: and

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Galilee

text: to

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: the

text: lowest

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: Further

text: south

text: is

text: the

text: Arabah

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Eilat

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Unique

text: to

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: are

text: makhteshim

text: or

text: erosion

text: cirques

text: The

text: largest

text: makhtesh

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: Ramon

text: Crater

text: in

text: the

text: Negev

text: which

text: measures

text: by

text: kilometers

text: by

text: mi

text: A

text: report

text: on

text: the

text: environmental

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: basin

text: states

text: that

text: Israel

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: plant

text: species

text: per

text: square

text: meter

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: basin

question: What river runs along the Jordan Rift Valley?

answer: Jordan River

text: Jordan River

question: What is the largest makhtesh in the world?

answer: Ramon Crater

text: Ramon Crater

question: Israel has the largest number of what per square meter in the basin?

answer: plant species

text: plant species


text: Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the six naturally known isotopes, uranium-233 to uranium-238, varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years). The most common isotopes of uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for almost 99.3% of the uranium found in nature) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons, accounting for 0.7% of the element found naturally). Uranium has the second highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements, lighter only than plutonium. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, but slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite.

title: Uranium

title: Uranium

text: Uranium

text: is

text: a

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: U

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: silvery

text: white

text: metal

text: in

text: the

text: actinide

text: series

text: of

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: A

text: uranium

text: atom

text: has

text: protons

text: and

text: electrons

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: valence

text: electrons

text: Uranium

text: is

text: weakly

text: radioactive

text: because

text: all

text: its

text: isotopes

text: are

text: unstable

text: with

text: half

text: lives

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: naturally

text: known

text: isotopes

text: to

text: varying

text: between

text: years

text: and

text: billion

text: years

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: isotopes

text: of

text: uranium

text: are

text: which

text: has

text: neutrons

text: and

text: accounts

text: for

text: almost

text: of

text: the

text: uranium

text: found

text: in

text: nature

text: and

text: which

text: has

text: neutrons

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: element

text: found

text: naturally

text: Uranium

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: atomic

text: weight

text: of

text: the

text: primordially

text: occurring

text: elements

text: lighter

text: only

text: than

text: plutonium

text: Its

text: density

text: is

text: about

text: higher

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: lead

text: but

text: slightly

text: lower

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: gold

text: or

text: tungsten

text: It

text: occurs

text: naturally

text: in

text: low

text: concentrations

text: of

text: a

text: few

text: parts

text: per

text: million

text: in

text: soil

text: rock

text: and

text: water

text: and

text: is

text: commercially

text: extracted

text: from

text: uranium

text: bearing

text: minerals

text: such

text: as

text: uraninite

question: What is uranium's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements?

answer: U

text: U

question: What is the atomic number of uranium?

answer: 92

question: What color is uranium?

answer: silvery-white

text: silvery-white

question: Of what series in the Periodic Table of Elements is uranium a part?

answer: actinide

text: actinide

question: How many valence electrons are contained in an atom of uranium?

answer: 6

question: What isn't uranium's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements?

text: U

question: What isn't the atomic number of uranium?

question: What shape is uranium?

text: silvery-white

question: Of what series in the Periodic Table of Elements is uranium not a part?

text: actinide

question: How many valence electrons aren't contained in an atom of uranium?


text: Many aspects of Roman culture were borrowed from the Greeks. In architecture and sculpture, the difference between Greek models and Roman paintings are apparent. The chief Roman contributions to architecture were the arch and the dome. Rome has also had a tremendous impact on European cultures following it. Its significance is perhaps best reflected in its endurance and influence, as is seen in the longevity and lasting importance of works of Virgil and Ovid. Latin, the Republic's primary language, remains used for liturgical purposes by the Roman Catholic Church, and up to the 19th century was used extensively in scholarly writings in, for example, science and mathematics. Roman law laid the foundations for the laws of many European countries and their colonies.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Many

text: aspects

text: of

text: Roman

text: culture

text: were

text: borrowed

text: from

text: the

text: Greeks

text: In

text: architecture

text: and

text: sculpture

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: Greek

text: models

text: and

text: Roman

text: paintings

text: are

text: apparent

text: The

text: chief

text: Roman

text: contributions

text: to

text: architecture

text: were

text: the

text: arch

text: and

text: the

text: dome

text: Rome

text: has

text: also

text: had

text: a

text: tremendous

text: impact

text: on

text: European

text: cultures

text: following

text: it

text: Its

text: significance

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: reflected

text: in

text: its

text: endurance

text: and

text: influence

text: as

text: is

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: longevity

text: and

text: lasting

text: importance

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: Virgil

text: and

text: Ovid

text: Latin

text: the

text: Republic

text: 's

text: primary

text: language

text: remains

text: used

text: for

text: liturgical

text: purposes

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: used

text: extensively

text: in

text: scholarly

text: writings

text: in

text: for

text: example

text: science

text: and

text: mathematics

text: Roman

text: law

text: laid

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: many

text: European

text: countries

text: and

text: their

text: colonies.[citation

text: needed

question: What culture did Rome have an extreme amount of influence on?

answer: European cultures

text: European cultures

question: What language was commonly used in scholarly mathematical writings prior to the 19th century?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: From which people were many facets of Roman culture copied from?

answer: Greeks

text: Greeks

question: What was considered to be the dominant language in the Roman Republic?

answer: Latin

text: Latin


text: Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far from optimal in ecological terms. An example is the migration of continental populations of Swainson's thrush Catharus ustulatus, which fly far east across North America before turning south via Florida to reach northern South America; this route is believed to be the consequence of a range expansion that occurred about 10,000 years ago. Detours may also be caused by differential wind conditions, predation risk, or other factors.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Theoretical

text: analyses

text: show

text: that

text: detours

text: that

text: increase

text: flight

text: distance

text: by

text: up

text: to

text: will

text: often

text: be

text: adaptive

text: on

text: aerodynamic

text: grounds

text: a

text: bird

text: that

text: loads

text: itself

text: with

text: food

text: to

text: cross

text: a

text: long

text: barrier

text: flies

text: less

text: efficiently

text: However

text: some

text: species

text: show

text: circuitous

text: migratory

text: routes

text: that

text: reflect

text: historical

text: range

text: expansions

text: and

text: are

text: far

text: from

text: optimal

text: in

text: ecological

text: terms

text: An

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: migration

text: of

text: continental

text: populations

text: of

text: Swainson

text: 's

text: thrush

text: Catharus

text: ustulatus

text: which

text: fly

text: far

text: east

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: before

text: turning

text: south

text: via

text: Florida

text: to

text: reach

text: northern

text: South

text: America

text: this

text: route

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: consequence

text: of

text: a

text: range

text: expansion

text: that

text: occurred

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: Detours

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: differential

text: wind

text: conditions

text: predation

text: risk

text: or

text: other

text: factors

question: What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive?

answer: 20%

question: What kind of bird flies less efficiently?

answer: a bird that loads itself with food

text: a bird that loads itself with food

question: What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes?

answer: Swainson's thrush

text: Swainson's thrush

question: Where do Swainson's thrush fly from?

answer: far east across North America

text: far east across North America


text: Kathmandu is home to Nepali cinema and theaters. The city contains several theaters, including the National Dance Theatre in Kanti Path, the Ganga Theatre, the Himalayan Theatre and the Aarohan Theater Group founded in 1982. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. The Gurukul School of Theatre organizes the Kathmandu International Theater Festival, attracting artists from all over the world. A mini theater is also located at the Hanumandhoka Durbar Square, established by the Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Nepali

text: cinema

text: and

text: theaters

text: The

text: city

text: contains

text: several

text: theaters

text: including

text: the

text: National

text: Dance

text: Theatre

text: in

text: Kanti

text: Path

text: the

text: Ganga

text: Theatre

text: the

text: Himalayan

text: Theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Aarohan

text: Theater

text: Group

text: founded

text: in

text: The

text: M.

text: Art

text: Theater

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Gurukul

text: School

text: of

text: Theatre

text: organizes

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: International

text: Theater

text: Festival

text: attracting

text: artists

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: A

text: mini

text: theater

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Hanumandhoka

text: Durbar

text: Square

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Durbar

text: Conservation

text: and

text: Promotion

text: Committee

question: Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu?

answer: Kanti Path

text: Kanti Path

question: What year saw the beginning of the Aarohan Theater Group?

answer: 1982

question: What gathering is the work of the Gurukul School of Theatre?

answer: Kathmandu International Theater Festival

text: Kathmandu International Theater Festival

question: Who constructed the theater in Hanumandhoka Durbar Square?

answer: Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee

text: Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee


text: Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: Although

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: Germans

text: from

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: former

text: East

text: Prussia

text: was

text: often

text: conducted

text: in

text: a

text: violent

text: and

text: aggressive

text: way

text: by

text: Soviet

text: officials

text: the

text: present

text: Russian

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: have

text: much

text: less

text: animosity

text: towards

text: Germans

text: German

text: names

text: have

text: been

text: revived

text: in

text: commercial

text: Russian

text: trade

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: sometimes

text: talk

text: of

text: reverting

text: Kaliningrad

text: 's

text: name

text: to

text: its

text: historic

text: name

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: The

text: city

text: centre

text: of

text: Kaliningrad

text: was

text: completely

text: rebuilt

text: as

text: British

text: bombs

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: siege

text: in

text: had

text: left

text: it

text: in

text: nothing

text: but

text: ruins

question: What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?

answer: reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg

text: reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg

question: What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?

answer: Kaliningrad

text: Kaliningrad

question: How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?

answer: violent and aggressive

text: violent and aggressive

question: In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad?

question: What are examples of how the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast treatment of Germans?

text: violent and aggressive

question: In what year did the city centre of Kaliningrad start to be rebuilt?

question: In which year did  the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast start to emigrate there?


text: The French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that it wasted ammunition. In addition, the Prussian artillery batteries had 30% more guns than their French counterparts. The Prussian guns typically opened fire at a range of 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi), beyond the range of French artillery or the Chassepot rifle. The Prussian batteries could thus destroy French artillery with impunity, before being moved forward to directly support infantry attacks.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: French

text: were

text: equipped

text: with

text: bronze

text: rifled

text: muzzle

text: loading

text: artillery

text: while

text: the

text: Prussians

text: used

text: new

text: steel

text: breech

text: loading

text: guns

text: which

text: had

text: a

text: far

text: longer

text: range

text: and

text: a

text: faster

text: rate

text: of

text: fire

text: Prussian

text: gunners

text: strove

text: for

text: a

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: fire

text: which

text: was

text: discouraged

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: in

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: it

text: wasted

text: ammunition

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: Prussian

text: artillery

text: batteries

text: had

text: more

text: guns

text: than

text: their

text: French

text: counterparts

text: The

text: Prussian

text: guns

text: typically

text: opened

text: fire

text: at

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: beyond

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: French

text: artillery

text: or

text: the

text: Chassepot

text: rifle

text: The

text: Prussian

text: batteries

text: could

text: thus

text: destroy

text: French

text: artillery

text: with

text: impunity

text: before

text: being

text: moved

text: forward

text: to

text: directly

text: support

text: infantry

text: attacks

question: What type of artillery were the French equipped with?

answer: bronze, rifled muzzle-loading

text: bronze, rifled muzzle-loading

question: What newer artillery were Prussians using?

answer: steel breech-loading guns

text: steel breech-loading guns

question: What did the French believe was overly wasted in artillery with a higher rate of fire?

answer: ammunition

text: ammunition

question: The Prussian artillery batteries had what percentage more of guns than the French?

answer: 30% more

text: 30% more

question: What was the typical range that Prussian guns could fire?

answer: 2–3 kilometres

text: 2–3 kilometres


text: Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information. Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Interference

text: can

text: hamper

text: memorization

text: and

text: retrieval

text: There

text: is

text: retroactive

text: interference

text: when

text: learning

text: new

text: information

text: makes

text: it

text: harder

text: to

text: recall

text: old

text: information

text: and

text: proactive

text: interference

text: where

text: prior

text: learning

text: disrupts

text: recall

text: of

text: new

text: information

text: Although

text: interference

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: forgetting

text: it

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: keep

text: in

text: mind

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: situations

text: when

text: old

text: information

text: can

text: facilitate

text: learning

text: of

text: new

text: information

text: Knowing

text: Latin

text: for

text: instance

text: can

text: help

text: an

text: individual

text: learn

text: a

text: related

text: language

text: such

text: as

text: French

text: this

text: phenomenon

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: positive

text: transfer

question: What trouble can interference cause?

answer: can hamper memorization and retrieval

text: can hamper memorization and retrieval

question: What is retroactive interference?

answer: when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information

text: when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information

question: What is proactive interference?

answer: where prior learning disrupts recall of new information

text: where prior learning disrupts recall of new information

question: What is a term used to describe being able to learn something quicker due to an older ability?

answer: positive transfer.

text: positive transfer.

question: What benefits does interference have?

text: can hamper memorization and retrieval

question: What is active interference?

question: What is proactive disruption?

question: What is the phenomenon when learning Latin makes it harder to learn French?

text: positive transfer

question: What disrupts recall of old information?

text: prior learning


text: Tuition at KU is 13 percent below the national average, according to the College Board, and the University remains a best buy in the region.[citation needed]

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: Tuition

text: at

text: KU

text: is

text: percent

text: below

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: College

text: Board

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: remains

text: a

text: best

text: buy

text: in

text: the

text: region.[citation

text: needed

question: Who provides statistics on educational costs?

answer: the College Board

text: the College Board

question: What is a phrase that expresses the value of the education offered at KU with respect to its cost?

answer: best buy

text: best buy

question: Who provides statistics on educational grades?

text: the College Board

question: Who provides no statistics on educational costs?

text: the College Board

question: Who provides money for educational costs?

text: the College Board

question: What is a phrase that expresses the value of the education offered at KU with respect to its grades?

text: best buy

question: What is a phrase that doesn't expresses the value of the education offered at KU with respect to its cost?

text: best buy


text: However, the prime example of reference works that systematized scientific knowledge in the age of Enlightenment were universal encyclopedias rather than technical dictionaries. It was the goal of universal encyclopedias to record all human knowledge in a comprehensive reference work. The most well-known of these works is Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert's Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. The work, which began publication in 1751, was composed of thirty-five volumes and over 71 000 separate entries. A great number of the entries were dedicated to describing the sciences and crafts in detail, and provided intellectuals across Europe with a high-quality survey of human knowledge. In d'Alembert's Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot, the work's goal to record the extent of human knowledge in the arts and sciences is outlined:

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: However

text: the

text: prime

text: example

text: of

text: reference

text: works

text: that

text: systematized

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: were

text: universal

text: encyclopedias

text: rather

text: than

text: technical

text: dictionaries

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: universal

text: encyclopedias

text: to

text: record

text: all

text: human

text: knowledge

text: in

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: reference

text: work

text: The

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: of

text: these

text: works

text: is

text: Denis

text: Diderot

text: and

text: Jean

text: le

text: Rond

text: d'Alembert

text: 's

text: Encyclopédie

text: ou

text: dictionnaire

text: raisonné

text: des

text: sciences

text: des

text: arts

text: et

text: des

text: métiers

text: The

text: work

text: which

text: began

text: publication

text: in

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: thirty

text: five

text: volumes

text: and

text: over

text: separate

text: entries

text: A

text: great

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: entries

text: were

text: dedicated

text: to

text: describing

text: the

text: sciences

text: and

text: crafts

text: in

text: detail

text: and

text: provided

text: intellectuals

text: across

text: Europe

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: quality

text: survey

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: In

text: d'Alembert

text: 's

text: Preliminary

text: Discourse

text: to

text: the

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: Diderot

text: the

text: work

text: 's

text: goal

text: to

text: record

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: is

text: outlined

question: What were the prime examples of reference works that systemasized scientific knowledge in the age oif Enlightenment?

answer: universal encyclopedias

text: universal encyclopedias

question: What was the goal of universal encyclopedias?

answer: to record all human knowledge in a comprehensive reference work

text: to record all human knowledge in a comprehensive reference work

question: Which universal encyclopedia began publication in 1751 and was composed of 35 volumes and over 71,000 seperate entries?

answer: Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers

text: Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers

question: In what work is the goal to record the extent of human knowledge in the arts and sciences outlined?

answer: Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot

text: Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot

question: Who wrote the Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot?

answer: d'Alembert's

text: d'Alembert's


text: Von Neumann's mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA. In a short list of facts about his life he submitted to the National Academy of Sciences, he stated "The part of my work I consider most essential is that on quantum mechanics, which developed in Göttingen in 1926, and subsequently in Berlin in 1927–1929. Also, my work on various forms of operator theory, Berlin 1930 and Princeton 1935–1939; on the ergodic theorem, Princeton, 1931–1932."

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: mathematical

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: self

text: replication

text: preceded

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: DNA

text: In

text: a

text: short

text: list

text: of

text: facts

text: about

text: his

text: life

text: he

text: submitted

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: he

text: stated

text: The

text: part

text: of

text: my

text: work

text: I

text: consider

text: most

text: essential

text: is

text: that

text: on

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: which

text: developed

text: in

text: Göttingen

text: in

text: and

text: subsequently

text: in

text: Berlin

text: in

text: Also

text: my

text: work

text: on

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: operator

text: theory

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Princeton

text: on

text: the

text: ergodic

text: theorem

text: Princeton

question: Von Neumann's study of what preceded the discovery of DNA?

answer: mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication

text: mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication

question: What part of his work did Von Neumann consider to be his most important?

answer: quantum mechanics

text: quantum mechanics

question: Where was quantum mechanics developed?

answer: Göttingen

text: Göttingen

question: What work did Von Nemann do in Berlin in 1930 and Princeton 1935 - 39?

answer: operator theory

text: operator theory

question: What was the topic of Von Neumann's work at Princeton in 1931 - 32?

answer: ergodic theorem

text: ergodic theorem


text: Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then transported to the liver bound to albumin. After processing in the liver, copper is distributed to other tissues in a second phase. Copper transport here involves the protein ceruloplasmin, which carries the majority of copper in blood. Ceruloplasmin also carries copper that is excreted in milk, and is particularly well-absorbed as a copper source. Copper in the body normally undergoes enterohepatic circulation (about 5 mg a day, vs. about 1 mg per day absorbed in the diet and excreted from the body), and the body is able to excrete some excess copper, if needed, via bile, which carries some copper out of the liver that is not then reabsorbed by the intestine.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: is

text: an

text: essential

text: trace

text: element

text: in

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: but

text: not

text: some

text: microorganisms

text: The

text: human

text: body

text: contains

text: copper

text: at

text: a

text: level

text: of

text: about

text: to

text: mg

text: per

text: kg

text: of

text: body

text: mass

text: Stated

text: differently

text: the

text: RDA

text: for

text: copper

text: in

text: normal

text: healthy

text: adults

text: is

text: quoted

text: as

text: mg

text: day

text: and

text: as

text: mg

text: day

text: Copper

text: is

text: absorbed

text: in

text: the

text: gut

text: then

text: transported

text: to

text: the

text: liver

text: bound

text: to

text: albumin

text: After

text: processing

text: in

text: the

text: liver

text: copper

text: is

text: distributed

text: to

text: other

text: tissues

text: in

text: a

text: second

text: phase

text: Copper

text: transport

text: here

text: involves

text: the

text: protein

text: ceruloplasmin

text: which

text: carries

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: copper

text: in

text: blood

text: Ceruloplasmin

text: also

text: carries

text: copper

text: that

text: is

text: excreted

text: in

text: milk

text: and

text: is

text: particularly

text: well

text: absorbed

text: as

text: a

text: copper

text: source

text: Copper

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: normally

text: undergoes

text: enterohepatic

text: circulation

text: about

text: mg

text: a

text: day

text: vs.

text: about

text: mg

text: per

text: day

text: absorbed

text: in

text: the

text: diet

text: and

text: excreted

text: from

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: the

text: body

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: excrete

text: some

text: excess

text: copper

text: if

text: needed

text: via

text: bile

text: which

text: carries

text: some

text: copper

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: liver

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: then

text: reabsorbed

text: by

text: the

text: intestine

question: What is the level of copper in the human body?

answer: 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass

text: 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass

question: How is copper absorbed in humans?

answer: in the gut

text: in the gut

question: What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver?

answer: albumin

text: albumin

question: What protein carries the majority of copper in blood?

answer: Ceruloplasmin

text: Ceruloplasmin

question: How can the body get rid of excess copper?

answer: via bile

text: via bile

question: What is the level of copper in gold?

text: 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg

question: How is copper reflected in humans?

text: in the gut

question: What is copper bound with when it is sent to the brain?

text: albumin

question: What hero carries the majority of copper in blood?

text: Ceruloplasmin

question: How can the sand get rid of excess copper?

text: via bile