text: A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: A

text: century

text: building

text: in

text: Huldah

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: Samaritan

text: synagogue

text: Its

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: contains

text: typical

text: Jewish

text: symbols

text: menorah

text: lulav

text: etrog

text: but

text: the

text: inscriptions

text: are

text: Greek

text: Another

text: Samaritan

text: synagogue

text: with

text: a

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: was

text: located

text: in

text: Bet

text: She'an

text: excavated

text: in

text: The

text: floor

text: had

text: only

text: decorative

text: motifs

text: and

text: an

text: aedicule

text: shrine

text: with

text: cultic

text: symbols

text: The

text: ban

text: on

text: human

text: or

text: animal

text: images

text: was

text: more

text: strictly

text: observed

text: by

text: the

text: Samaritans

text: than

text: their

text: Jewish

text: neighbours

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: town

text: see

text: above

text: The

text: mosaic

text: was

text: laid

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: masters

text: who

text: made

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: Beit

text: Alfa

text: synagogue

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: inscriptions

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: Samaritan

text: script

question: A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?

answer: a Samaritan synagogue

text: a Samaritan synagogue

question: What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?

answer: typical Jewish symbols

text: typical Jewish symbols

question: What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?

answer: cultic

text: cultic

question: The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?

answer: the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue

text: the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue


text: The Baltic was[when?] a forgotten theatre of the Crimean War. Popularisation of events elsewhere overshadowed the significance of this theatre, which was close to Saint Petersburg, the Russian capital. In April 1854 an Anglo-French fleet entered the Baltic to attack the Russian naval base of Kronstadt and the Russian fleet stationed there. In August 1854 the combined British and French fleet returned to Kronstadt for another attempt. The outnumbered Russian Baltic Fleet confined its movements to the areas around its fortifications. At the same time, the British and French commanders Sir Charles Napier and Alexandre Ferdinand Parseval-Deschenes—although they led the largest fleet assembled since the Napoleonic Wars—considered the Sveaborg fortress too well-defended to engage. Thus, shelling of the Russian batteries was limited to two attempts in the summers of 1854 and 1855, and initially, the attacking fleets limited their actions to blockading Russian trade in the Gulf of Finland. Naval attacks on other ports, such as the ones in the island of Hogland in the Gulf of Finland, proved more successful. Additionally, allies conducted raids on less fortified sections of the Finnish coast. These battles are known in Finland as the Åland war.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: Baltic

text: was[when

text: a

text: forgotten

text: theatre

text: of

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: Popularisation

text: of

text: events

text: elsewhere

text: overshadowed

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: this

text: theatre

text: which

text: was

text: close

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: the

text: Russian

text: capital

text: In

text: April

text: an

text: Anglo

text: French

text: fleet

text: entered

text: the

text: Baltic

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: Russian

text: naval

text: base

text: of

text: Kronstadt

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: fleet

text: stationed

text: there

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: combined

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: fleet

text: returned

text: to

text: Kronstadt

text: for

text: another

text: attempt

text: The

text: outnumbered

text: Russian

text: Baltic

text: Fleet

text: confined

text: its

text: movements

text: to

text: the

text: areas

text: around

text: its

text: fortifications

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: commanders

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Napier

text: and

text: Alexandre

text: Ferdinand

text: Parseval

text: Deschenes

text: although

text: they

text: led

text: the

text: largest

text: fleet

text: assembled

text: since

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: considered

text: the

text: Sveaborg

text: fortress

text: too

text: well

text: defended

text: to

text: engage

text: Thus

text: shelling

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: batteries

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: two

text: attempts

text: in

text: the

text: summers

text: of

text: and

text: and

text: initially

text: the

text: attacking

text: fleets

text: limited

text: their

text: actions

text: to

text: blockading

text: Russian

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Naval

text: attacks

text: on

text: other

text: ports

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ones

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hogland

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: proved

text: more

text: successful

text: Additionally

text: allies

text: conducted

text: raids

text: on

text: less

text: fortified

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: Finnish

text: coast

text: These

text: battles

text: are

text: known

text: in

text: Finland

text: as

text: the

text: Åland

text: war

question: What is the Russian capital?

answer: Saint Petersburg

text: Saint Petersburg

question: Which theater was next to Saint Petersburg?

answer: The Baltic

text: The Baltic

question: Which fleet joined the Baltic attack?

answer: Anglo-French fleet

text: Anglo-French fleet

question: When did the Anglo-French fleet join the Baltic attack?

answer: April 1854

text: April 1854

question: Which two fleets returned to Kronstadt?

answer: British and French fleet

text: British and French fleet


text: Pope Paul VI became the first reigning pontiff ever to visit the Americas when he flew to New York in October 1965 to address the United Nations. As a gesture of goodwill, the pope gave to the UN two pieces of papal jewelry, a diamond cross and ring, with the hopes that the proceeds from their sale at auction would contribute to the UN's efforts to end human suffering. During the pope's visit, as the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated under President Johnson, Paul VI pleaded for peace before the UN:

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: reigning

text: pontiff

text: ever

text: to

text: visit

text: the

text: Americas

text: when

text: he

text: flew

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: in

text: October

text: to

text: address

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: As

text: a

text: gesture

text: of

text: goodwill

text: the

text: pope

text: gave

text: to

text: the

text: UN

text: two

text: pieces

text: of

text: papal

text: jewelry

text: a

text: diamond

text: cross

text: and

text: ring

text: with

text: the

text: hopes

text: that

text: the

text: proceeds

text: from

text: their

text: sale

text: at

text: auction

text: would

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: UN

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: end

text: human

text: suffering

text: During

text: the

text: pope

text: 's

text: visit

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: escalated

text: under

text: President

text: Johnson

text: Paul

text: VI

text: pleaded

text: for

text: peace

text: before

text: the

text: UN

question: What group did Paul VI address in New York in 1965?

answer: United Nations

text: United Nations

question: Who was the first pope to visit the United States?

answer: Pope Paul VI

text: Pope Paul VI

question: To whom did Paul VI give a diamond cross and ring in hopes it would raise funds to help people globally?

answer: United Nations

text: United Nations

question: What did Paul VI ask the UN to promote during the Vietnam war?

answer: peace

text: peace

question: What US president was in office when Paul VI visited America for the first time?

answer: President Johnson

text: President Johnson


text: The Science Museum Oklahoma (formerly Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex) houses exhibits on science, aviation, and an IMAX theater. The museum formerly housed the International Photography Hall of Fame (IPHF) that exhibits photographs and artifacts from a large collection of cameras and other artifacts preserving the history of photography. IPHF honors those who have made significant contributions to the art and/or science of photography and relocated to St. Louis, Missouri in 2013.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: Science

text: Museum

text: Oklahoma

text: formerly

text: Kirkpatrick

text: Science

text: and

text: Air

text: Space

text: Museum

text: at

text: Omniplex

text: houses

text: exhibits

text: on

text: science

text: aviation

text: and

text: an

text: IMAX

text: theater

text: The

text: museum

text: formerly

text: housed

text: the

text: International

text: Photography

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: IPHF

text: that

text: exhibits

text: photographs

text: and

text: artifacts

text: from

text: a

text: large

text: collection

text: of

text: cameras

text: and

text: other

text: artifacts

text: preserving

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: photography

text: IPHF

text: honors

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: made

text: significant

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: and/or

text: science

text: of

text: photography

text: and

text: relocated

text: to

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Missouri

text: in

question: What was the original name of the Science Museum of Oklahoma?

answer: Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex

text: Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex

question: When was the International Photography Hall of Fame relocated?

answer: 2013


text: Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore. Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000. Schwarzenegger said the company had not had the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on "new US global business ventures" and his movie career.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: a

text: founding

text: celebrity

text: investor

text: in

text: the

text: Planet

text: Hollywood

text: chain

text: of

text: international

text: theme

text: restaurants

text: modeled

text: after

text: the

text: Hard

text: Rock

text: Cafe

text: along

text: with

text: Bruce

text: Willis

text: Sylvester

text: Stallone

text: and

text: Demi

text: Moore

text: Schwarzenegger

text: severed

text: his

text: financial

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: business

text: in

text: early

text: Schwarzenegger

text: said

text: the

text: company

text: had

text: not

text: had

text: the

text: success

text: he

text: had

text: hoped

text: for

text: claiming

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: focus

text: his

text: attention

text: on

text: new

text: US

text: global

text: business

text: ventures

text: and

text: his

text: movie

text: career

question: What restaurant chain did Schwarzenegger invest in?

answer: Planet Hollywood

text: Planet Hollywood

question: When did Schwarzenegger withdraw from involvement with Planet Hollywood?

answer: 2000

question: What other successful theme restaurant chain was Planet Hollywood modeled on?

answer: the Hard Rock Cafe

text: the Hard Rock Cafe


text: The tourism district would comprise several key areas in the city; the Marina District, Ducktown, Chelsea, South Inlet, Bader Field, and Gardner's Basin. Also included are 10 roadways that lead into the district, including several in the city's northern end, or North Beach. Gardner's Basin, which is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium, was initially left out of the tourism district, while a residential neighborhood in the Chelsea section was removed from the final boundaries, owing to complaints from the city. Also, the inclusion of Bader Field in the district was controversial and received much scrutiny from mayor Lorenzo Langford, who cast the lone "no" vote on the creation of the district citing its inclusion.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: The

text: tourism

text: district

text: would

text: comprise

text: several

text: key

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: Marina

text: District

text: Ducktown

text: Chelsea

text: South

text: Inlet

text: Bader

text: Field

text: and

text: Gardner

text: 's

text: Basin

text: Also

text: included

text: are

text: roadways

text: that

text: lead

text: into

text: the

text: district

text: including

text: several

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: northern

text: end

text: or

text: North

text: Beach

text: Gardner

text: 's

text: Basin

text: which

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Aquarium

text: was

text: initially

text: left

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: tourism

text: district

text: while

text: a

text: residential

text: neighborhood

text: in

text: the

text: Chelsea

text: section

text: was

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: final

text: boundaries

text: owing

text: to

text: complaints

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: Also

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: Bader

text: Field

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: was

text: controversial

text: and

text: received

text: much

text: scrutiny

text: from

text: mayor

text: Lorenzo

text: Langford

text: who

text: cast

text: the

text: lone

text: no

text: vote

text: on

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: citing

text: its

text: inclusion

question: How many roadways will be included in the district?

answer: 10

question: What place is home to the Atlantic City Aquarium?

answer: Gardner's Basin

text: Gardner's Basin

question: What place was originally left off of the tourism district?

answer: Gardner's Basin

text: Gardner's Basin

question: Where was the residential neighborhood that was removed from the final boundaries of the district?

answer: Chelsea

text: Chelsea

question: Who cast the lone "no" vote on the creation of the district citing Bader Field's inclusion?

answer: mayor Lorenzo Langford

text: mayor Lorenzo Langford


text: The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: Stonewall

text: riots

text: were

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: spontaneous

text: violent

text: demonstrations

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: gay

text: community

text: against

text: a

text: police

text: raid

text: that

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: morning

text: hours

text: of

text: June

text: at

text: the

text: Stonewall

text: Inn

text: in

text: the

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: They

text: are

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: constitute

text: the

text: single

text: most

text: important

text: event

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: gay

text: liberation

text: movement

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: fight

text: for

text: LGBT

text: rights

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: The Stonewall riots are named after what building?

answer: the Stonewall Inn

text: the Stonewall Inn

question: In what neighborhood did the Stonewall riots occur?

answer: Greenwich Village

text: Greenwich Village

question: On what date did the Stonewall riots take place?

answer: June 28, 1969

text: June 28, 1969

question: In what borough did the Stonewall riots happen?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: What event provoked the Stonewall riots?

answer: a police raid

text: a police raid

question: Where did the Stonewall riots happen?

answer: Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan

text: Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan


text: The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendered as Moors in English.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: The

text: Romans

text: interacted

text: with

text: and

text: later

text: conquered

text: parts

text: of

text: Mauretania

text: an

text: early

text: state

text: that

text: covered

text: modern

text: Morocco

text: western

text: Algeria

text: and

text: the

text: Spanish

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: during

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: The

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: were

text: noted

text: in

text: Classical

text: literature

text: as

text: Mauri

text: which

text: was

text: subsequently

text: rendered

text: as

text: Moors

text: in

text: English

question: What made up Mauretania?

answer: Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla

text: Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla

question: Who conquered parts of Mauretania?

answer: The Romans

text: The Romans

question: During what period did Mauretania exist?

answer: the classical period.

text: the classical period.

question: Where were the people of the region noted?

answer: in Classical literature

text: in Classical literature

question: What is Mauri in English?

answer: Moors

text: Moors


text: Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to the World War II Victory Parade of 1945. April 12 was declared Cosmonautics Day in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official "Commemorative Dates of Russia." In 2011, it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: Gagarin

text: became

text: a

text: national

text: hero

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: and

text: a

text: worldwide

text: celebrity

text: Moscow

text: and

text: other

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: USSR

text: held

text: mass

text: demonstrations

text: the

text: scale

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Victory

text: Parade

text: of

text: April

text: was

text: declared

text: Cosmonautics

text: Day

text: in

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: is

text: celebrated

text: today

text: in

text: Russia

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: Commemorative

text: Dates

text: of

text: Russia

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: International

text: Day

text: of

text: Human

text: Space

text: Flight

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

question: April 12, in the USSR, is what special day?

answer: Cosmonautics Day

text: Cosmonautics Day

question: What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations?

answer: 2011


text: The movement to translate English and European texts transformed the Arabic and Ottoman Turkish languages, and new words, simplified syntax, and directness came to be valued over the previous convolutions. Educated Arabs and Turks in the new professions and the modernized civil service expressed skepticism, writes Christopher de Bellaigue, "with a freedom that is rarely witnessed today.... No longer was legitimate knowledge defined by texts in the religious schools, interpreted for the most part with stultifying literalness. It had come to include virtually any intellectual production anywhere in the world." One of the neologisms that, in a way, came to characterize the infusion of new ideas via translation was "darwiniya", or "Darwinism".

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: The

text: movement

text: to

text: translate

text: English

text: and

text: European

text: texts

text: transformed

text: the

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Ottoman

text: Turkish

text: languages

text: and

text: new

text: words

text: simplified

text: syntax

text: and

text: directness

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: valued

text: over

text: the

text: previous

text: convolutions

text: Educated

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Turks

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: professions

text: and

text: the

text: modernized

text: civil

text: service

text: expressed

text: skepticism

text: writes

text: Christopher

text: de

text: Bellaigue

text: with

text: a

text: freedom

text: that

text: is

text: rarely

text: witnessed

text: today

text: No

text: longer

text: was

text: legitimate

text: knowledge

text: defined

text: by

text: texts

text: in

text: the

text: religious

text: schools

text: interpreted

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: with

text: stultifying

text: literalness

text: It

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: include

text: virtually

text: any

text: intellectual

text: production

text: anywhere

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: neologisms

text: that

text: in

text: a

text: way

text: came

text: to

text: characterize

text: the

text: infusion

text: of

text: new

text: ideas

text: via

text: translation

text: was

text: darwiniya

text: or

text: Darwinism

question: What transformed Arabic languages?

answer: movement to translate English and European texts

text: movement to translate English and European texts

question: What came to be valued over previous convolutions?

answer: new words, simplified syntax, and directness

text: new words, simplified syntax, and directness

question: Who expressed skepticism regarding the transformation of Arabic?

answer: Educated Arabs and Turks

text: Educated Arabs and Turks

question: What was legitimate knowledge no longer defined by?

answer: texts in the religious schools

text: texts in the religious schools

question: What was a neologism expressing the introduction of new ideas via translation?

answer: Darwinism

text: Darwinism

question: What kept Arabic languages the same?

question: What came to be hated over previous convolutions?

question: Who expressed hostility regarding the transformation of Arabic?

text: Educated Arabs and Turks

question: What was fake knowledge no longer defined by?

text: texts in the religious schools

question: What was not considered a neologism expressing the introduction of new ideas via translation?

text: Darwinism


text: Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthélemy became an Overseas Collectivity (COM). A governing territorial council was elected for its administration, which has provided the island with a certain degree of autonomy. The Hotel de Ville, which was the town hall, is now the Hotel de la Collectivité. A senator represents the island in Paris. St. Barthélemy has retained its free port status.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: was

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: a

text: French

text: commune

text: forming

text: part

text: of

text: Guadeloupe

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: overseas

text: region

text: and

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: Through

text: a

text: referendum

text: in

text: island

text: residents

text: sought

text: separation

text: from

text: the

text: administrative

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: Guadeloupe

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: finally

text: accomplished

text: in

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: became

text: an

text: Overseas

text: Collectivity

text: COM

text: A

text: governing

text: territorial

text: council

text: was

text: elected

text: for

text: its

text: administration

text: which

text: has

text: provided

text: the

text: island

text: with

text: a

text: certain

text: degree

text: of

text: autonomy

text: The

text: Hotel

text: de

text: Ville

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: town

text: hall

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Hotel

text: de

text: la

text: Collectivité

text: A

text: senator

text: represents

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: Paris

text: St.

text: Barthélemy

text: has

text: retained

text: its

text: free

text: port

text: status

question: St. Barts was formerly a part of what French commune?

answer: Guadeloupe

text: Guadeloupe

question: When did the residents of St. Barts file for separation from Guadeloupe?

answer: 2003

question: When did St. Barts finally received its independence?

answer: 2007

question: What is the current name of the building in St. Barts that serves as town hall?

answer: Hotel de la Collectivité

text: Hotel de la Collectivité

question: Who officially represents St. Barts in French legislation?

answer: A senator

text: A senator

question: In what year was the French commune forming part of Guadeloupe established?

question: In what year was the Hotel de Ville built?

question: In what city does St. Barthelemy have its main port?

text: Paris

question: How many island residents voted in the 2003 referendum?

question: In what year did the Hotel de Ville become the Hotel de la Collectivite?


text: After a decade of constant warfare, France and Britain signed the Treaty of Amiens in March 1802, bringing the Revolutionary Wars to an end. Amiens called for the withdrawal of British troops from recently conquered colonial territories as well as for assurances to curtail the expansionary goals of the French Republic. With Europe at peace and the economy recovering, Napoleon's popularity soared to its highest levels under the Consulate, both domestically and abroad. In a new plebiscite during the spring of 1802, the French public came out in huge numbers to approve a constitution that made the Consulate permanent, essentially elevating Napoleon to dictator for life. Whereas the plebiscite two years earlier had brought out 1.5 million people to the polls, the new referendum enticed 3.6 million to go and vote (72% of all eligible voters). There was no secret ballot in 1802 and few people wanted to openly defy the regime; the constitution gained approval with over 99% of the vote. His broad powers were spelled out in the new constitution: Article 1. The French people name, and the Senate proclaims Napoleon-Bonaparte First Consul for Life. After 1802, he was generally referred to as Napoleon rather than Bonaparte.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: After

text: a

text: decade

text: of

text: constant

text: warfare

text: France

text: and

text: Britain

text: signed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Amiens

text: in

text: March

text: bringing

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: Amiens

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: British

text: troops

text: from

text: recently

text: conquered

text: colonial

text: territories

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: assurances

text: to

text: curtail

text: the

text: expansionary

text: goals

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: With

text: Europe

text: at

text: peace

text: and

text: the

text: economy

text: recovering

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: popularity

text: soared

text: to

text: its

text: highest

text: levels

text: under

text: the

text: Consulate

text: both

text: domestically

text: and

text: abroad

text: In

text: a

text: new

text: plebiscite

text: during

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: public

text: came

text: out

text: in

text: huge

text: numbers

text: to

text: approve

text: a

text: constitution

text: that

text: made

text: the

text: Consulate

text: permanent

text: essentially

text: elevating

text: Napoleon

text: to

text: dictator

text: for

text: life

text: Whereas

text: the

text: plebiscite

text: two

text: years

text: earlier

text: had

text: brought

text: out

text: million

text: people

text: to

text: the

text: polls

text: the

text: new

text: referendum

text: enticed

text: million

text: to

text: go

text: and

text: vote

text: of

text: all

text: eligible

text: voters

text: There

text: was

text: no

text: secret

text: ballot

text: in

text: and

text: few

text: people

text: wanted

text: to

text: openly

text: defy

text: the

text: regime

text: the

text: constitution

text: gained

text: approval

text: with

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: His

text: broad

text: powers

text: were

text: spelled

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: Article

text: The

text: French

text: people

text: name

text: and

text: the

text: Senate

text: proclaims

text: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: First

text: Consul

text: for

text: Life

text: After

text: he

text: was

text: generally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Napoleon

text: rather

text: than

text: Bonaparte

question: What 1802 treaty between Britain and France ended the Revolutionary Wars?

answer: the Treaty of Amiens

text: the Treaty of Amiens

question: What year was the Treaty of Amiens signed?

answer: 1802

question: In what year did French voters approve a constitution making the Consulate permanent?

answer: 1802

question: What percentage of the French vote approved Napoleon's new constitution?

answer: over 99%

text: over 99%

question: What position was Napoleon granted in Article 1 of the new French constitution?

answer: First Consul for Life

text: First Consul for Life


text: In 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895 was a military humiliation. The Treaty of Shimonoseki recognized Korean independence and ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan. The terms might have been harsher, but when Japanese citizen attacked and wounded Li Hongzhang, an international outcry shamed the Japanese into revising them. The original agreement stipulated the cession of Liaodong Peninsula to Japan, but Russia, with its own designs on the territory, along with Germany and France, in what was known as the Triple Intervention, successfully put pressure on the Japanese to abandon the peninsula.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: In

text: pro

text: Japanese

text: Koreans

text: in

text: Seoul

text: led

text: the

text: Gapsin

text: Coup

text: Tensions

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Japan

text: rose

text: after

text: China

text: intervened

text: to

text: suppress

text: the

text: uprising

text: Japanese

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Itō

text: Hirobumi

text: and

text: Li

text: Hongzhang

text: signed

text: the

text: Convention

text: of

text: Tientsin

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: withdraw

text: troops

text: simultaneously

text: but

text: the

text: First

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: of

text: was

text: a

text: military

text: humiliation

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Shimonoseki

text: recognized

text: Korean

text: independence

text: and

text: ceded

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: the

text: Pescadores

text: to

text: Japan

text: The

text: terms

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: harsher

text: but

text: when

text: Japanese

text: citizen

text: attacked

text: and

text: wounded

text: Li

text: Hongzhang

text: an

text: international

text: outcry

text: shamed

text: the

text: Japanese

text: into

text: revising

text: them

text: The

text: original

text: agreement

text: stipulated

text: the

text: cession

text: of

text: Liaodong

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: Japan

text: but

text: Russia

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: designs

text: on

text: the

text: territory

text: along

text: with

text: Germany

text: and

text: France

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Triple

text: Intervention

text: successfully

text: put

text: pressure

text: on

text: the

text: Japanese

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: peninsula

question: What coup happened in 1884?

answer: Gapsin Coup

text: Gapsin Coup

question: Who was involved in the Gapsin Coup?

answer: pro-Japanese Koreans

text: pro-Japanese Koreans

question: What resulted between the Chinese and Japanese after the Coup?

answer: Tensions

text: Tensions

question: Who signed the Convention of Tientsin?

answer: Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang

text: Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang

question: When did the First Sino-Japanese War happen?

answer: 1895


text: A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.

title: USB

title: USB

text: A

text: group

text: of

text: seven

text: companies

text: began

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: USB

text: in

text: Compaq

text: DEC

text: IBM

text: Intel

text: Microsoft

text: NEC

text: and

text: Nortel

text: The

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: fundamentally

text: easier

text: to

text: connect

text: external

text: devices

text: to

text: PCs

text: by

text: replacing

text: the

text: multitude

text: of

text: connectors

text: at

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: PCs

text: addressing

text: the

text: usability

text: issues

text: of

text: existing

text: interfaces

text: and

text: simplifying

text: software

text: configuration

text: of

text: all

text: devices

text: connected

text: to

text: USB

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: permitting

text: greater

text: data

text: rates

text: for

text: external

text: devices

text: A

text: team

text: including

text: Ajay

text: Bhatt

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: standard

text: at

text: Intel

text: the

text: first

text: integrated

text: circuits

text: supporting

text: USB

text: were

text: produced

text: by

text: Intel

text: in

question: When did the seven companies begin developing USB's?

answer: 1994

question: How many companies developed USB's?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What was the goal for USB's?

answer: to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs

text: to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs

question: Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?

answer: Ajay Bhatt

text: Ajay Bhatt


text: Sugar, starch, cotton, linen, hemp, some types of rope, wood and particle boards, papyrus and paper, vegetable oils, wax, and natural rubber are examples of commercially important materials made from plant tissues or their secondary products. Charcoal, a pure form of carbon made by pyrolysis of wood, has a long history as a metal-smelting fuel, as a filter material and adsorbent and as an artist's material and is one of the three ingredients of gunpowder. Cellulose, the world's most abundant organic polymer, can be converted into energy, fuels, materials and chemical feedstock. Products made from cellulose include rayon and cellophane, wallpaper paste, biobutanol and gun cotton. Sugarcane, rapeseed and soy are some of the plants with a highly fermentable sugar or oil content that are used as sources of biofuels, important alternatives to fossil fuels, such as biodiesel.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Sugar

text: starch

text: cotton

text: linen

text: hemp

text: some

text: types

text: of

text: rope

text: wood

text: and

text: particle

text: boards

text: papyrus

text: and

text: paper

text: vegetable

text: oils

text: wax

text: and

text: natural

text: rubber

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: commercially

text: important

text: materials

text: made

text: from

text: plant

text: tissues

text: or

text: their

text: secondary

text: products

text: Charcoal

text: a

text: pure

text: form

text: of

text: carbon

text: made

text: by

text: pyrolysis

text: of

text: wood

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: as

text: a

text: metal

text: smelting

text: fuel

text: as

text: a

text: filter

text: material

text: and

text: adsorbent

text: and

text: as

text: an

text: artist

text: 's

text: material

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: ingredients

text: of

text: gunpowder

text: Cellulose

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: abundant

text: organic

text: polymer

text: can

text: be

text: converted

text: into

text: energy

text: fuels

text: materials

text: and

text: chemical

text: feedstock

text: Products

text: made

text: from

text: cellulose

text: include

text: rayon

text: and

text: cellophane

text: wallpaper

text: paste

text: biobutanol

text: and

text: gun

text: cotton

text: Sugarcane

text: rapeseed

text: and

text: soy

text: are

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: plants

text: with

text: a

text: highly

text: fermentable

text: sugar

text: or

text: oil

text: content

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: sources

text: of

text: biofuels

text: important

text: alternatives

text: to

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: such

text: as

text: biodiesel

question: How is charcoal made?

answer: pyrolysis of wood

text: pyrolysis of wood

question: Besides fire, what else is charcoal used for?

answer: one of the three ingredients of gunpowder

text: one of the three ingredients of gunpowder

question: Plant oil is used for what kind of fuel?

answer: biodiesel

text: biodiesel

question: Rayon comes from what plant product?

answer: cellulose

text: cellulose


text: The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997. It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popularity largely in response to a need to accurately describe Mobutu's regime. Another classic case is Nigeria, especially under the rule of General Sani Abacha who was de facto president of Nigeria from 1993 until his death in 1998. He is reputed to have stolen some US$3–4 billion. He and his relatives are often mentioned in Nigerian 419 letter scams claiming to offer vast fortunes for "help" in laundering his stolen "fortunes", which in reality turn out not to exist. More than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: The

text: classic

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: corrupt

text: exploitive

text: dictator

text: often

text: given

text: is

text: the

text: regime

text: of

text: Marshal

text: Mobutu

text: Sese

text: Seko

text: who

text: ruled

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: which

text: he

text: renamed

text: Zaire

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: is

text: said

text: that

text: usage

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: kleptocracy

text: gained

text: popularity

text: largely

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: need

text: to

text: accurately

text: describe

text: Mobutu

text: 's

text: regime

text: Another

text: classic

text: case

text: is

text: Nigeria

text: especially

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: General

text: Sani

text: Abacha

text: who

text: was

text: de

text: facto

text: president

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: He

text: is

text: reputed

text: to

text: have

text: stolen

text: some

text: US$

text: billion

text: He

text: and

text: his

text: relatives

text: are

text: often

text: mentioned

text: in

text: Nigerian

text: letter

text: scams

text: claiming

text: to

text: offer

text: vast

text: fortunes

text: for

text: help

text: in

text: laundering

text: his

text: stolen

text: fortunes

text: which

text: in

text: reality

text: turn

text: out

text: not

text: to

text: exist

text: More

text: than

text: billion

text: was

text: stolen

text: from

text: the

text: treasury

text: by

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: leaders

text: between

text: and

question: Who was the dictator in Zaire from 1965 to 1997?

answer: Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko

text: Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko

question: What did Zaire used to be known as?

answer: Democratic Republic of the Congo

text: Democratic Republic of the Congo

question: What term became more popular as Mobutu ruled?

answer: kleptocracy

text: kleptocracy

question: Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998?

answer: General Sani Abacha

text: General Sani Abacha


text: Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's character and future in the movements of the sun, moon, and planets. Astrology was widely associated with the cult of Tyche (luck, fortune), which grew in popularity during this period.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Magic

text: was

text: practiced

text: widely

text: and

text: these

text: too

text: were

text: a

text: continuation

text: from

text: earlier

text: times

text: Throughout

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: world

text: people

text: would

text: consult

text: oracles

text: and

text: use

text: charms

text: and

text: figurines

text: to

text: deter

text: misfortune

text: or

text: to

text: cast

text: spells

text: Also

text: developed

text: in

text: this

text: era

text: was

text: the

text: complex

text: system

text: of

text: astrology

text: which

text: sought

text: to

text: determine

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: character

text: and

text: future

text: in

text: the

text: movements

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: moon

text: and

text: planets

text: Astrology

text: was

text: widely

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: cult

text: of

text: Tyche

text: luck

text: fortune

text: which

text: grew

text: in

text: popularity

text: during

text: this

text: period

question: How would people ward off misfortune in Hellenistic times?

answer: charms

text: charms

question: What is the complex system based on the sun, moon, and planets movements that determine your personality?

answer: astrology

text: astrology

question: Astrology was associated with which cult?

answer: Tyche

text: Tyche

question: What does Tyche mean?

answer: luck

text: luck

question: What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times?

answer: grew

text: grew


text: Airports are divided into landside and airside areas. Landside areas include parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads. Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons. Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airports. Passengers on commercial flights access airside areas through terminals, where they can purchase tickets, clear security check, or claim luggage and board aircraft through gates. The waiting areas which provide passenger access to aircraft are typically called concourses, although this term is often used interchangeably with terminal.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: Airports

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: landside

text: and

text: airside

text: areas

text: Landside

text: areas

text: include

text: parking

text: lots

text: public

text: transportation

text: train

text: stations

text: and

text: access

text: roads

text: Airside

text: areas

text: include

text: all

text: areas

text: accessible

text: to

text: aircraft

text: including

text: runways

text: taxiways

text: and

text: aprons

text: Access

text: from

text: landside

text: areas

text: to

text: airside

text: areas

text: is

text: tightly

text: controlled

text: at

text: most

text: airports

text: Passengers

text: on

text: commercial

text: flights

text: access

text: airside

text: areas

text: through

text: terminals

text: where

text: they

text: can

text: purchase

text: tickets

text: clear

text: security

text: check

text: or

text: claim

text: luggage

text: and

text: board

text: aircraft

text: through

text: gates

text: The

text: waiting

text: areas

text: which

text: provide

text: passenger

text: access

text: to

text: aircraft

text: are

text: typically

text: called

text: concourses

text: although

text: this

text: term

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: terminal

question: Airports are divided into what two areas?

answer: landside and airside

text: landside and airside

question: What do landside areas include?

answer: parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads

text: parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads

question: What do airside areas include?

answer: all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons

text: all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons

question: Where can passengers purchase tickets?

answer: terminals

text: terminals

question: What is the waiting area which provide passengers access to aircraft?

answer: concourses

text: concourses

question: What are two areas that luggage claim is divided into?

text: landside and airside areas

question: How is access between parking lots and access roads treated?

text: tightly controlled at most airports

question: Where do passengers on access roads access public transportation?

text: through terminals

question: Where can you board a train through gates?

text: terminals

question: What is another name for taxiways?

text: concourses


text: The Chinese counterattacked in April 1951, with the Fifth Phase Offensive, also known as the Chinese Spring Offensive, with three field armies (approximately 700,000 men). The offensive's first thrust fell upon I Corps, which fiercely resisted in the Battle of the Imjin River (22–25 April 1951) and the Battle of Kapyong (22–25 April 1951), blunting the impetus of the offensive, which was halted at the "No-name Line" north of Seoul. On 15 May 1951, the Chinese commenced the second impulse of the Spring Offensive and attacked the ROK Army and the U.S. X Corps in the east at the Soyang River. After initial success, they were halted by 20 May. At month's end, the U.S. Eighth Army counterattacked and regained "Line Kansas", just north of the 38th parallel. The UN's "Line Kansas" halt and subsequent offensive action stand-down began the stalemate that lasted until the armistice of 1953.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: The

text: Chinese

text: counterattacked

text: in

text: April

text: with

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Phase

text: Offensive

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Spring

text: Offensive

text: with

text: three

text: field

text: armies

text: approximately

text: men

text: The

text: offensive

text: 's

text: first

text: thrust

text: fell

text: upon

text: I

text: Corps

text: which

text: fiercely

text: resisted

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Imjin

text: River

text: April

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kapyong

text: April

text: blunting

text: the

text: impetus

text: of

text: the

text: offensive

text: which

text: was

text: halted

text: at

text: the

text: No

text: name

text: Line

text: north

text: of

text: Seoul

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: Chinese

text: commenced

text: the

text: second

text: impulse

text: of

text: the

text: Spring

text: Offensive

text: and

text: attacked

text: the

text: ROK

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: X

text: Corps

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: at

text: the

text: Soyang

text: River

text: After

text: initial

text: success

text: they

text: were

text: halted

text: by

text: May.

text: At

text: month

text: 's

text: end

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Eighth

text: Army

text: counterattacked

text: and

text: regained

text: Line

text: Kansas

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: parallel

text: The

text: UN

text: 's

text: Line

text: Kansas

text: halt

text: and

text: subsequent

text: offensive

text: action

text: stand

text: down

text: began

text: the

text: stalemate

text: that

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: armistice

text: of

question: What was the Fifth Phase of the Chinese counter initiative called?

answer: Chinese Spring Offensive

text: Chinese Spring Offensive

question: What may have began as an effective series of attacks by the Chinese regained what area?

answer: Line Kansas

text: Line Kansas

question: What ended with the armistice of 1953?

answer: the stalemate

text: the stalemate

question: How many armies did the Chinese use in the Fifth Phase Offensive?

answer: three field armies

text: three field armies

question: Where was Line Kansas located?

answer: just north of the 38th parallel

text: just north of the 38th parallel


text: Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Bern

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: French

text: troops

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: stripped

text: of

text: parts

text: of

text: its

text: territories

text: It

text: regained

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Oberland

text: in

text: and

text: following

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: of

text: it

text: newly

text: acquired

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Jura

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: it

text: once

text: again

text: became

text: the

text: largest

text: canton

text: of

text: the

text: confederacy

text: as

text: it

text: stood

text: during

text: the

text: Restoration

text: and

text: until

text: the

text: secession

text: of

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Jura

text: in

text: Bern

text: was

text: made

text: the

text: Federal

text: City

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Assembly

text: within

text: the

text: new

text: Swiss

text: federal

text: state

text: in

question: What year was Bern occupied by French troops?

answer: 1798

question: Why were French troops in Bern?

answer: French Revolutionary Wars

text: French Revolutionary Wars

question: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?

answer: 1802

question: What new territory was aquired in 1814?

answer: Bernese Jura.

text: Bernese Jura.

question: When did the canton of Jura seceed?

answer: 1979


text: In the 19th century, musical institutions emerged from the control of wealthy patrons, as composers and musicians could construct lives independent of the nobility. Increasing interest in music by the growing middle classes throughout western Europe spurred the creation of organizations for the teaching, performance, and preservation of music. The piano, which achieved its modern construction in this era (in part due to industrial advances in metallurgy) became widely popular with the middle class, whose demands for the instrument spurred a large number of piano builders. Many symphony orchestras date their founding to this era. Some musicians and composers were the stars of the day; some, like Franz Liszt and Niccolò Paganini, fulfilled both roles.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: musical

text: institutions

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: wealthy

text: patrons

text: as

text: composers

text: and

text: musicians

text: could

text: construct

text: lives

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: Increasing

text: interest

text: in

text: music

text: by

text: the

text: growing

text: middle

text: classes

text: throughout

text: western

text: Europe

text: spurred

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: organizations

text: for

text: the

text: teaching

text: performance

text: and

text: preservation

text: of

text: music

text: The

text: piano

text: which

text: achieved

text: its

text: modern

text: construction

text: in

text: this

text: era

text: in

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: industrial

text: advances

text: in

text: metallurgy

text: became

text: widely

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: middle

text: class

text: whose

text: demands

text: for

text: the

text: instrument

text: spurred

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: piano

text: builders

text: Many

text: symphony

text: orchestras

text: date

text: their

text: founding

text: to

text: this

text: era

text: Some

text: musicians

text: and

text: composers

text: were

text: the

text: stars

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: some

text: like

text: Franz

text: Liszt

text: and

text: Niccolò

text: Paganini

text: fulfilled

text: both

text: roles

question: Who controlled musical institutions before the 19th century?

answer: wealthy patrons

text: wealthy patrons

question: Composers and musicians began to construct lives independent of what in the 19th century?

answer: the nobility

text: the nobility

question: What class increased it's interest in music during the 19th century?

answer: middle classes

text: middle classes

question: What instrument became widely popular in the middle class in the 19th century?

answer: The piano

text: The piano

question: The 19th century marks the foundation of many what?

answer: symphony orchestras

text: symphony orchestras


text: Most mammals are viviparous, giving birth to live young. However, the five species of monotreme, the platypuses and the echidnas, lay eggs. The monotremes have a sex determination system different from that of most other mammals. In particular, the sex chromosomes of a platypus are more like those of a chicken than those of a therian mammal. Like marsupials and most other mammals, monotreme young are larval and fetus-like, as the presence of epipubic bones prevents the expansion of the torso, forcing them to produce small young.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: Most

text: mammals

text: are

text: viviparous

text: giving

text: birth

text: to

text: live

text: young

text: However

text: the

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: monotreme

text: the

text: platypuses

text: and

text: the

text: echidnas

text: lay

text: eggs

text: The

text: monotremes

text: have

text: a

text: sex

text: determination

text: system

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: most

text: other

text: mammals

text: In

text: particular

text: the

text: sex

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: a

text: platypus

text: are

text: more

text: like

text: those

text: of

text: a

text: chicken

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: a

text: therian

text: mammal

text: Like

text: marsupials

text: and

text: most

text: other

text: mammals

text: monotreme

text: young

text: are

text: larval

text: and

text: fetus

text: like

text: as

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: epipubic

text: bones

text: prevents

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: torso

text: forcing

text: them

text: to

text: produce

text: small

text: young

question: What is the common mammal group that gives birth to live young?

answer: viviparous

text: viviparous

question: How many species of mammals lay eggs?

answer: five species

text: five species

question: Which mammal that has the bill of a duck lays eggs?

answer: platypus

text: platypus

question: The platypus has sex chromosomes more related to which other non-mammal?

answer: chicken

text: chicken

question: What makes most monotreme viviparous?

text: giving birth to live young

question: What do marsupials have that is different from most mammals?

text: a sex determination system

question: How many species of mammals give birth to live young?

text: five

question: What are some characteristics of young chickens?

text: larval and fetus-like

question: What do marsupials have that make them less like a therian?

text: sex chromosomes


text: Samoans' religious adherence includes the following: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa 31.8%, Roman Catholic 19.4%, Methodist 15.2%, Assembly of God 13.7%, Mormon 7.6%, Seventh-day Adventist 3.9%, Worship Centre 1.7%, other Christian 5.5%, other 0.7%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 estimate). The Head of State until 2007, His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II, was a Bahá'í convert. Samoa hosts one of seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world; completed in 1984 and dedicated by the Head of State, it is located in Tiapapata, 8 km (5 mi) from Apia.

title: Samoa

title: Samoa

text: Samoans

text: religious

text: adherence

text: includes

text: the

text: following

text: Christian

text: Congregational

text: Church

text: of

text: Samoa

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Methodist

text: Assembly

text: of

text: God

text: Mormon

text: Seventh

text: day

text: Adventist

text: Worship

text: Centre

text: other

text: Christian

text: other

text: unspecified

text: estimate

text: The

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: until

text: His

text: Highness

text: Malietoa

text: Tanumafili

text: II

text: was

text: a

text: Bahá'í

text: convert

text: Samoa

text: hosts

text: one

text: of

text: seven

text: Bahá'í

text: Houses

text: of

text: Worship

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: completed

text: in

text: and

text: dedicated

text: by

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: it

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Tiapapata

text: km

text: mi

text: from

text: Apia

question: What's the most popular church in Samoa?

answer: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa

text: Christian Congregational Church of Samoa

question: What percentage of Samoa's population is Mormon?

answer: 7.6%

question: Where is the Bahá'í place of worship located in Samoa?

answer: Tiapapata

text: Tiapapata

question: What Samoan Head of State might have worshiped at the Bahá'í House of Worship?

answer: His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II

text: His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II

question: What church's religion does 19.4% of the Samoan population practice?

answer: Roman Catholic

text: Roman Catholic

question: What percentage of Samoans were Methodist in 2007?

question: Who was the Head of State In Samoa until 2011?

text: His Highness Malietoa Tanumafili II

question: When was the Roman Catholic church built in Samoa?

question: Who dedicated the Roman Catholic church built in Samoa in 1984?

text: the Head of State

question: Where is the Roman Catholic church located in Samoa?

text: Tiapapata


text: In the dicotyledons, the bundles in the very young stem are arranged in an open ring, separating a central pith from an outer cortex. In each bundle, separating the xylem and phloem, is a layer of meristem or active formative tissue known as cambium. By the formation of a layer of cambium between the bundles (interfascicular cambium), a complete ring is formed, and a regular periodical increase in thickness results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside. The soft phloem becomes crushed, but the hard wood persists and forms the bulk of the stem and branches of the woody perennial. Owing to differences in the character of the elements produced at the beginning and end of the season, the wood is marked out in transverse section into concentric rings, one for each season of growth, called annual rings.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: In

text: the

text: dicotyledons

text: the

text: bundles

text: in

text: the

text: very

text: young

text: stem

text: are

text: arranged

text: in

text: an

text: open

text: ring

text: separating

text: a

text: central

text: pith

text: from

text: an

text: outer

text: cortex

text: In

text: each

text: bundle

text: separating

text: the

text: xylem

text: and

text: phloem

text: is

text: a

text: layer

text: of

text: meristem

text: or

text: active

text: formative

text: tissue

text: known

text: as

text: cambium

text: By

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: layer

text: of

text: cambium

text: between

text: the

text: bundles

text: interfascicular

text: cambium

text: a

text: complete

text: ring

text: is

text: formed

text: and

text: a

text: regular

text: periodical

text: increase

text: in

text: thickness

text: results

text: from

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: xylem

text: on

text: the

text: inside

text: and

text: phloem

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: The

text: soft

text: phloem

text: becomes

text: crushed

text: but

text: the

text: hard

text: wood

text: persists

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: stem

text: and

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: woody

text: perennial

text: Owing

text: to

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: produced

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: and

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: wood

text: is

text: marked

text: out

text: in

text: transverse

text: section

text: into

text: concentric

text: rings

text: one

text: for

text: each

text: season

text: of

text: growth

text: called

text: annual

text: rings

question: What shape are the bundles in the young stem of dicotyledons arranged in?

answer: an open ring

text: an open ring

question: What does the cambium separate?

answer: xylem and phloem

text: xylem and phloem

question: What is a layer of meristem or formative tissue known as?

answer: cambium

text: cambium

question: What results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside?

answer: increase in thickness

text: increase in thickness

question: What's another name for the concentric rings in trees?

answer: annual rings

text: annual rings

question: What is formed  when a layer of dicotyledons is formed between the bundles?

text: a complete ring

question: What causes a regular increase in young stems?

question: What happens when the annual rings are crushed?

question: How is soft phloem marked for each growth season?

text: into concentric rings

question: How are bundles in young stems arranged in branches?

text: in an open ring


text: Music fans have turned to Change.org around the globe to try and block West's participation at various events. The largest unsuccessful petition has been to the Glastonbury Festival 2015 with 133,000+ voters stating they would prefer a rock band to headline. On July 20, 2015, within five days of West's announcement as the headlining artist of the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games, Change.org user XYZ collected over 50,000 signatures for West's removal as headliner citing the headlining artist should be Canadian. In his Pan American Games Closing Ceremony performance, close to the end of his performance, West closed the show by tossing his faulty microphone in the air and walked off stage.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: Music

text: fans

text: have

text: turned

text: to

text: Change.org

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: to

text: try

text: and

text: block

text: West

text: 's

text: participation

text: at

text: various

text: events

text: The

text: largest

text: unsuccessful

text: petition

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: the

text: Glastonbury

text: Festival

text: with

text: voters

text: stating

text: they

text: would

text: prefer

text: a

text: rock

text: band

text: to

text: headline

text: On

text: July

text: within

text: five

text: days

text: of

text: West

text: 's

text: announcement

text: as

text: the

text: headlining

text: artist

text: of

text: the

text: closing

text: ceremonies

text: of

text: the

text: Pan

text: American

text: Games

text: Change.org

text: user

text: XYZ

text: collected

text: over

text: signatures

text: for

text: West

text: 's

text: removal

text: as

text: headliner

text: citing

text: the

text: headlining

text: artist

text: should

text: be

text: Canadian

text: In

text: his

text: Pan

text: American

text: Games

text: Closing

text: Ceremony

text: performance

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: performance

text: West

text: closed

text: the

text: show

text: by

text: tossing

text: his

text: faulty

text: microphone

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: and

text: walked

text: off

text: stage

question: For what event was the largest amount of signatures collected in an attempt to keep Kanye from performing at it?

answer: Glastonbury Festival 2015

text: Glastonbury Festival 2015

question: What was another event that garnered a large amount of protest for Kanye's removal of headliner status?

answer: 2015 Pan American Games

text: 2015 Pan American Games

question: What website have music fans been using to try to block Kanye West's performance at different events?

answer: Change.org

text: Change.org

question: What festival was the largest failed petition to keep Kanye from performing?

answer: Glastonbury Festival

text: Glastonbury Festival

question: How many signatures were gathered for Kanye's removal from the 2015 Pan American Games?

answer: 50,000


text: The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision), prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. This legislation gave the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA, and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control. The FAA's first administrator, Elwood R. Quesada, was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower.

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

text: The

text: approaching

text: era

text: of

text: jet

text: travel

text: and

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: midair

text: collisions

text: most

text: notable

text: was

text: the

text: Grand

text: Canyon

text: mid

text: air

text: collision

text: prompted

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Aviation

text: Act

text: of

text: This

text: legislation

text: gave

text: the

text: CAA

text: 's

text: functions

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: independent

text: body

text: the

text: Federal

text: Aviation

text: Agency

text: The

text: act

text: transferred

text: air

text: safety

text: regulation

text: from

text: the

text: CAB

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: FAA

text: and

text: also

text: gave

text: the

text: FAA

text: sole

text: responsibility

text: for

text: a

text: common

text: civil

text: military

text: system

text: of

text: air

text: navigation

text: and

text: air

text: traffic

text: control

text: The

text: FAA

text: 's

text: first

text: administrator

text: Elwood

text: R.

text: Quesada

text: was

text: a

text: former

text: Air

text: Force

text: general

text: and

text: adviser

text: to

text: President

text: Eisenhower

question: When did the Grand-Canyon mid-air collision happen?

answer: 1956

question: when was the Federal Aviation Act passed?

answer: 1958

question: What agency would now act like the CAA?

answer: Federal Aviation Agency

text: Federal Aviation Agency

question: Who did the Federal Aviation Act transfer air safety regulation from?

answer: CAB

text: CAB

question: Who was the FAA's first administrator?

answer: Elwood R. Quesada

text: Elwood R. Quesada

question: Who did President Eisenhower appoint as the FAA's first administrator?

text: Elwood R. Quesada

question: What prompted the the legislation act of 1956?

text: 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision

question: What legislation gave the CAAs function to the government body, the FAA?

text: Federal Aviation Act of 1958

question: Who was the former general to President Eisenhower?

text: Elwood R. Quesada

question: The approaching era of air traffic control prompted passage of what act?

text: Federal Aviation Act of 1958


text: The Alaska Constitution was written so as to discourage dedicating state funds for a particular purpose. The Permanent Fund has become the rare exception to this, mostly due to the political climate of distrust existing during the time of its creation. From its initial principal of $734,000, the fund has grown to $50 billion as a result of oil royalties and capital investment programs. Most if not all the principal is invested conservatively outside Alaska. This has led to frequent calls by Alaskan politicians for the Fund to make investments within Alaska, though such a stance has never gained momentum.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: Alaska

text: Constitution

text: was

text: written

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: discourage

text: dedicating

text: state

text: funds

text: for

text: a

text: particular

text: purpose

text: The

text: Permanent

text: Fund

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: rare

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: political

text: climate

text: of

text: distrust

text: existing

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: creation

text: From

text: its

text: initial

text: principal

text: of

text: the

text: fund

text: has

text: grown

text: to

text: billion

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: oil

text: royalties

text: and

text: capital

text: investment

text: programs

text: Most

text: if

text: not

text: all

text: the

text: principal

text: is

text: invested

text: conservatively

text: outside

text: Alaska

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: frequent

text: calls

text: by

text: Alaskan

text: politicians

text: for

text: the

text: Fund

text: to

text: make

text: investments

text: within

text: Alaska

text: though

text: such

text: a

text: stance

text: has

text: never

text: gained

text: momentum

question: Was Alaska's Constitution written to encourage or discourage state funds being used for a particular purpose?

answer: discourage

text: discourage

question: Why is the Permanent Fund an exception to the premise of the Alaskan Constitution?

answer: political climate of distrust existing during the time of its creation

text: political climate of distrust existing during the time of its creation

question: Where is the principal of the Permanent Fund invested?

answer: outside Alaska

text: outside Alaska

question: How much was the initial principal of the Permanent Fund?

answer: $734,000

question: How high has the principal of the Permanent Fund grown?

answer: $50 billion

text: $50 billion

question: Was Alaska's Constitution written to encourage or discourage state funds being used for an unparticular purpose?

text: discourage

question: Why is the Permanent Fund not an exception to the premise of the Alaskan Constitution?

question: Where is the principal of the Permanent Fund not invested?

text: outside Alaska

question: How much was the final principal of the Permanent Fund?

question: How high has the principal of the Permanent Fund shrank?

text: $50 billion


text: According to Milton Friedman, before the Industrial Revolution virtually all children worked in agriculture. During the Industrial Revolution many of these children moved from farm work to factory work. Over time, as real wages rose, parents became able to afford to send their children to school instead of work and as a result child labour declined, both before and after legislation. Austrian School economist Murray Rothbard said that British and American children of the pre- and post-Industrial Revolution lived and suffered in infinitely worse conditions where jobs were not available for them and went "voluntarily and gladly" to work in factories.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: According

text: to

text: Milton

text: Friedman

text: before

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: virtually

text: all

text: children

text: worked

text: in

text: agriculture

text: During

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: children

text: moved

text: from

text: farm

text: work

text: to

text: factory

text: work

text: Over

text: time

text: as

text: real

text: wages

text: rose

text: parents

text: became

text: able

text: to

text: afford

text: to

text: send

text: their

text: children

text: to

text: school

text: instead

text: of

text: work

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: child

text: labour

text: declined

text: both

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: legislation

text: Austrian

text: School

text: economist

text: Murray

text: Rothbard

text: said

text: that

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: children

text: of

text: the

text: pre-

text: and

text: post

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: lived

text: and

text: suffered

text: in

text: infinitely

text: worse

text: conditions

text: where

text: jobs

text: were

text: not

text: available

text: for

text: them

text: and

text: went

text: voluntarily

text: and

text: gladly

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: factories

question: Where did children work prior to the Industrial Revolution?

answer: agriculture

text: agriculture

question: How many children worked?

answer: virtually all

text: virtually all

question: Where did children go to work after doing farm work for so long?

answer: factory work

text: factory work

question: What did parents do when the wages were finally raised?

answer: send their children to school instead of work

text: send their children to school instead of work


text: Critics labelled Gaddafi "despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid", with western governments and press presenting him as the "vicious dictator of an oppressed people". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as "Public Enemy No. 1" and Reagan famously dubbed him the "mad dog of the Middle East". According to critics, the Libyan people lived in a climate of fear under Gaddafi's administration, due to his government's pervasive surveillance of civilians. Gaddafi's Libya was typically described by western commentators as "a police state". Opponents were critical of Libya's human rights abuses; according to Human Rights Watch (HRW) and others, hundreds of arrested political opponents often failed to receive a fair trial, and were sometimes subjected to torture or extrajudicial execution, most notably in the Abu Salim prison, including an alleged massacre on 29 June 1996 in which HRW estimated that 1,270 prisoners were massacred. Dissidents abroad or "stray dogs" were also publicly threatened with death and sometimes killed by government hit squads. His government's treatment of non-Arab Libyans has also came in for criticism from human rights activists, with native Berbers, Italians, Jews, refugees, and foreign workers all facing persecution in Gaddafist Libya. According to journalist Annick Cojean and psychologist Seham Sergewa, Gaddafi and senior officials raped and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of young women and reportedly raped several of his female bodyguards. Gaddafi's government was frequently criticized for not being democratic, with Freedom House consistently giving Libya under Gaddafi the "Not Free" ranking for civil liberties and political rights.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Critics

text: labelled

text: Gaddafi

text: despotic

text: cruel

text: arrogant

text: vain

text: and

text: stupid

text: with

text: western

text: governments

text: and

text: press

text: presenting

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: vicious

text: dictator

text: of

text: an

text: oppressed

text: people

text: During

text: the

text: Reagan

text: administration

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: regarded

text: him

text: as

text: Public

text: Enemy

text: No

text: and

text: Reagan

text: famously

text: dubbed

text: him

text: the

text: mad

text: dog

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: According

text: to

text: critics

text: the

text: Libyan

text: people

text: lived

text: in

text: a

text: climate

text: of

text: fear

text: under

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: administration

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: government

text: 's

text: pervasive

text: surveillance

text: of

text: civilians

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: Libya

text: was

text: typically

text: described

text: by

text: western

text: commentators

text: as

text: a

text: police

text: state

text: Opponents

text: were

text: critical

text: of

text: Libya

text: 's

text: human

text: rights

text: abuses

text: according

text: to

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Watch

text: HRW

text: and

text: others

text: hundreds

text: of

text: arrested

text: political

text: opponents

text: often

text: failed

text: to

text: receive

text: a

text: fair

text: trial

text: and

text: were

text: sometimes

text: subjected

text: to

text: torture

text: or

text: extrajudicial

text: execution

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: Abu

text: Salim

text: prison

text: including

text: an

text: alleged

text: massacre

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: which

text: HRW

text: estimated

text: that

text: prisoners

text: were

text: massacred

text: Dissidents

text: abroad

text: or

text: stray

text: dogs

text: were

text: also

text: publicly

text: threatened

text: with

text: death

text: and

text: sometimes

text: killed

text: by

text: government

text: hit

text: squads

text: His

text: government

text: 's

text: treatment

text: of

text: non

text: Arab

text: Libyans

text: has

text: also

text: came

text: in

text: for

text: criticism

text: from

text: human

text: rights

text: activists

text: with

text: native

text: Berbers

text: Italians

text: Jews

text: refugees

text: and

text: foreign

text: workers

text: all

text: facing

text: persecution

text: in

text: Gaddafist

text: Libya

text: According

text: to

text: journalist

text: Annick

text: Cojean

text: and

text: psychologist

text: Seham

text: Sergewa

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: senior

text: officials

text: raped

text: and

text: imprisoned

text: hundreds

text: or

text: thousands

text: of

text: young

text: women

text: and

text: reportedly

text: raped

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: female

text: bodyguards

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: government

text: was

text: frequently

text: criticized

text: for

text: not

text: being

text: democratic

text: with

text: Freedom

text: House

text: consistently

text: giving

text: Libya

text: under

text: Gaddafi

text: the

text: Not

text: Free

text: ranking

text: for

text: civil

text: liberties

text: and

text: political

text: rights

question: What did Reagan call Gaddafi?

answer: mad dog of the Middle East

text: mad dog of the Middle East

question: According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996?

answer: 1,270

question: Under Gaddafi, how did Freedom House rate Libya?

answer: Not Free

text: Not Free

question: What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country?

answer: stray dogs

text: stray dogs

question: At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW?

answer: Abu Salim

text: Abu Salim


text: Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws have not been updated to conform with this decision. In the American legal system, unconstitutional laws do not need to be repealed; instead, they are held to be unenforceable. (See also List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States)

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Sixteen

text: was

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: minimum

text: permissible

text: age

text: in

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: decision

text: of

text: Thompson

text: v.

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: Court

text: considering

text: the

text: case

text: Roper

text: v.

text: Simmons

text: in

text: March

text: found

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: juvenile

text: offenders

text: unconstitutional

text: by

text: a

text: margin

text: effectively

text: raising

text: the

text: minimum

text: permissible

text: age

text: to

text: State

text: laws

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: updated

text: to

text: conform

text: with

text: this

text: decision

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: legal

text: system

text: unconstitutional

text: laws

text: do

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: repealed

text: instead

text: they

text: are

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: unenforceable

text: See

text: also

text: List

text: of

text: juvenile

text: offenders

text: executed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed?

answer: Sixteen

text: Sixteen

question: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided?

answer: 1988

question: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided?

answer: March 2005

text: March 2005

question: In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional?

answer: 5

question: Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States?

answer: 18

question: According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the oldest age at which a person might be executed?

text: Sixteen

question: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma postponed?

question: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons postponed?

text: March 2005

question: In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be constitutional?

question: Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the maximum age to be executed in the United States?


text: Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne. In Portugal Tomás Taveira is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Traditional

text: architecture

text: is

text: distinctive

text: and

text: include

text: the

text: Manueline

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Portuguese

text: late

text: Gothic

text: a

text: sumptuous

text: composite

text: Portuguese

text: style

text: of

text: architectural

text: ornamentation

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: A

text: century

text: interpretation

text: of

text: traditional

text: architecture

text: Soft

text: Portuguese

text: style

text: appears

text: extensively

text: in

text: major

text: cities

text: especially

text: Lisbon

text: Modern

text: Portugal

text: has

text: given

text: the

text: world

text: renowned

text: architects

text: like

text: Eduardo

text: Souto

text: de

text: Moura

text: Álvaro

text: Siza

text: Vieira

text: both

text: Pritzker

text: Prize

text: winners

text: and

text: Gonçalo

text: Byrne

text: In

text: Portugal

text: Tomás

text: Taveira

text: is

text: also

text: noteworthy

text: particularly

text: for

text: stadium

text: design

question: What is the Manueline style also known as?

answer: Portuguese late Gothic

text: Portuguese late Gothic

question: What is the Manueline style?

answer: a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century

text: a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century

question: What is Soft Portuguese style?

answer: A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture

text: A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture

question: Who are some of the most renowned architects to come from Portugal?

answer: Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne

text: Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne

question: For what is Tomas Taveira particularly noteworthy for in Portugal?

answer: stadium design

text: stadium design


text: Presbyterianism is historically a confessional tradition. This has two implications. The obvious one is that confessional churches express their faith in the form of "confessions of faith," which have some level of authoritative status. However this is based on a more subtle point: In confessional churches, theology is not solely an individual matter. While individuals are encouraged to understand Scripture, and may challenge the current institutional understanding, theology is carried out by the community as a whole. It is this community understanding of theology that is expressed in confessions.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: Presbyterianism

text: is

text: historically

text: a

text: confessional

text: tradition

text: This

text: has

text: two

text: implications

text: The

text: obvious

text: one

text: is

text: that

text: confessional

text: churches

text: express

text: their

text: faith

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: confessions

text: of

text: faith

text: which

text: have

text: some

text: level

text: of

text: authoritative

text: status

text: However

text: this

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: more

text: subtle

text: point

text: In

text: confessional

text: churches

text: theology

text: is

text: not

text: solely

text: an

text: individual

text: matter

text: While

text: individuals

text: are

text: encouraged

text: to

text: understand

text: Scripture

text: and

text: may

text: challenge

text: the

text: current

text: institutional

text: understanding

text: theology

text: is

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: community

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: It

text: is

text: this

text: community

text: understanding

text: of

text: theology

text: that

text: is

text: expressed

text: in

text: confessions

question: Presbyterianism is based on this type of tradition, what is it?

answer: confessional tradition

text: confessional tradition

question: Confessional churches express this form of confession, what is it named?

answer: confessions of faith

text: confessions of faith

question: What is not a sole matter individually in a confessional church?

answer: theology

text: theology

question: How is theology carried out in a confessional church?

answer: by the community as a whole

text: by the community as a whole

question: In which way do nonconfessional churches express their faith?

text: confessions of faith

question: Which is solely an individual matter in confessional churches?

text: theology

question: In which type of churches is theology carried out by individuals?

text: confessional churches

question: The individual understanding of theology is expressed during what?

text: confessions

question: The fact that Presbyterianism is historically a theology has how many implications?

text: two


text: The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by RCA which also owned CBS rival NBC. It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive Davis back into the fold. Davis is still with Sony Music as Chief Creative Officer.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: The

text: merger

text: made

text: Columbia

text: and

text: Epic

text: sister

text: labels

text: to

text: RCA

text: Records

text: which

text: was

text: once

text: owned

text: by

text: RCA

text: which

text: also

text: owned

text: CBS

text: rival

text: NBC

text: It

text: also

text: started

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: bringing

text: BMG

text: 's

text: Arista

text: Records

text: back

text: under

text: common

text: ownership

text: with

text: its

text: former

text: parent

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: a

text: Sony

text: division

text: since

text: and

text: also

text: brought

text: Arista

text: founder

text: Clive

text: Davis

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: fold

text: Davis

text: is

text: still

text: with

text: Sony

text: Music

text: as

text: Chief

text: Creative

text: Officer

question: Columbia Pictures has been owned by Sony since what year?

answer: 1989

question: Who is the CCO of Sony Music?

answer: Clive Davis

text: Clive Davis

question: Who became sister labels to ABC Records?

text: Columbia and Epic

question: ABC's Arista Records was brought what?

question: Sony has been a Columbia Pictures division since what year?

question: Epic founder Clive who was brought back into the fold?

text: Davis

question: Davis no longer serves as what at Sony Music?

text: Chief Creative Officer


text: FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year limit, a maximum of two 5-year terms, for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is James B. Comey, who was appointed in 2013 by Barack Obama.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: FBI

text: Directors

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: They

text: must

text: be

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Senate

text: and

text: serve

text: a

text: term

text: of

text: office

text: of

text: five

text: years

text: with

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: ten

text: years

text: if

text: reappointed

text: unless

text: they

text: resign

text: or

text: are

text: fired

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: before

text: their

text: term

text: ends

text: J.

text: Edgar

text: Hoover

text: appointed

text: by

text: Calvin

text: Coolidge

text: in

text: was

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: director

text: serving

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: In

text: Congress

text: passed

text: legislation

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Omnibus

text: Crime

text: Control

text: and

text: Safe

text: Streets

text: Act

text: Pub

text: L.

text: June

text: Stat

text: that

text: specified

text: a

text: limit

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: two

text: terms

text: for

text: future

text: FBI

text: Directors

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: requiring

text: Senate

text: confirmation

text: of

text: appointees

text: As

text: the

text: incumbent

text: this

text: legislation

text: did

text: not

text: apply

text: to

text: Hoover

text: only

text: to

text: his

text: successors

text: The

text: current

text: FBI

text: Director

text: is

text: James

text: B.

text: Comey

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: in

text: by

text: Barack

text: Obama

question: Who appoints FBI directors?

answer: President of the United States

text: President of the United States

question: What legislative body confirms FBI directors?

answer: United States Senate

text: United States Senate

question: How long is the term of a FBI director?

answer: five years

text: five years

question: What made Hoover stop serving as the FBI Director?

answer: his death

text: his death

question: Who is the current FBI director?

answer: James B. Comey

text: James B. Comey

question: Who appoints the President of the United States?

text: FBI Directors

question: What legislative body confirms U.S. presidents?

text: United States Senate

question: How long is the term of a U.S. president?

text: five years

question: Who was the shortest serving FBI director?

text: J. Edgar Hoover

question: When did FBI Director Comey resign?