text: Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Sometimes

text: only

text: partial

text: compliance

text: with

text: license

text: agreements

text: is

text: the

text: cause

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Army

text: settled

text: a

text: lawsuit

text: with

text: Texas

text: based

text: company

text: Apptricity

text: which

text: makes

text: software

text: that

text: allows

text: the

text: army

text: to

text: track

text: their

text: soldiers

text: in

text: real

text: time

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: Army

text: paid

text: US$

text: million

text: for

text: a

text: license

text: of

text: users

text: while

text: allegedly

text: installing

text: the

text: software

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: users

text: the

text: case

text: was

text: settled

text: for

text: US$

text: million

text: Major

text: anti

text: piracy

text: organizations

text: like

text: the

text: BSA

text: conduct

text: software

text: licensing

text: audits

text: regularly

text: to

text: ensure

text: full

text: compliance

question: What is a possible cause of copyright infringement?

answer: partial compliance

text: partial compliance

question: Who did Texas software company Apptricity write software for?

answer: US Army

text: US Army

question: How many users were paid for in 2004?

answer: 500 users

text: 500 users

question: How much was the lawsuit settled for?

answer: US$50 million

text: US$50 million

question: Who is an example of a major anti-piracy organization?

answer: the BSA

text: the BSA

question: What is an impossible cause of copyright infringement?

text: partial compliance

question: Who did Texas software company Apptricity write hardware for?

text: US Army

question: How many users weren't paid for in 2004?

question: How much was the lawsuit rejected for?

text: US$50 million

question: Who is an example of a minor anti-piracy organization?

text: the BSA


text: The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: The

text: third

text: John

text: Walter

text: the

text: founder

text: 's

text: grandson

text: succeeded

text: his

text: father

text: in

text: The

text: paper

text: continued

text: as

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: independent

text: but

text: from

text: the

text: The

text: Times

text: was

text: beginning

text: to

text: suffer

text: from

text: the

text: rise

text: in

text: competition

text: from

text: the

text: penny

text: press

text: notably

text: The

text: Daily

text: Telegraph

text: and

text: The

text: Morning

text: Post

question: What year did the founder's grandson succeed his father as editor of The Times?

answer: 1847

question: What is the name of the The Times founder's grandson who succeeded his father as editor?

answer: John Walter

text: John Walter

question: In the 1850s, the Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from what kind of press?

answer: the penny press

text: the penny press


text: Breakage was very common in the shellac era. In the 1934 John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra, the protagonist "broke one of his most favorites, Whiteman's Lady of the Evening ... He wanted to cry but could not." A poignant moment in J. D. Salinger's 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye occurs after the adolescent protagonist buys a record for his younger sister but drops it and "it broke into pieces ... I damn-near cried, it made me feel so terrible." A sequence where a school teacher's collection of 78 rpm jazz records is smashed by a group of rebellious students is a key moment in the film Blackboard Jungle.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Breakage

text: was

text: very

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: shellac

text: era

text: In

text: the

text: John

text: O'Hara

text: novel

text: Appointment

text: in

text: Samarra

text: the

text: protagonist

text: broke

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: favorites

text: Whiteman

text: 's

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: Evening

text: He

text: wanted

text: to

text: cry

text: but

text: could

text: not

text: A

text: poignant

text: moment

text: in

text: J.

text: D.

text: Salinger

text: 's

text: novel

text: The

text: Catcher

text: in

text: the

text: Rye

text: occurs

text: after

text: the

text: adolescent

text: protagonist

text: buys

text: a

text: record

text: for

text: his

text: younger

text: sister

text: but

text: drops

text: it

text: and

text: it

text: broke

text: into

text: pieces

text: I

text: damn

text: near

text: cried

text: it

text: made

text: me

text: feel

text: so

text: terrible

text: A

text: sequence

text: where

text: a

text: school

text: teacher

text: 's

text: collection

text: of

text: rpm

text: jazz

text: records

text: is

text: smashed

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: rebellious

text: students

text: is

text: a

text: key

text: moment

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Blackboard

text: Jungle

question: What was a known issue of using shellac to make records?

answer: Breakage was very common

text: Breakage was very common

question: In which novel does 'Whiteman's Lady of the Evening" record get broken?

answer: John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra

text: John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra

question: In Blackboard Jungle what record breaking mention is made?

answer: teacher's collection of 78 rpm jazz records is smashed

text: teacher's collection of 78 rpm jazz records is smashed


text: The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: early

text: Islamic

text: literature

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: India

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: very

text: early

text: ambitions

text: of

text: the

text: Muslims

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: recognized

text: as

text: a

text: particularly

text: difficult

text: one

text: After

text: conquering

text: Persia

text: the

text: Arab

text: Umayyad

text: Caliphate

text: incorporated

text: parts

text: of

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: around

text: The

text: book

text: Chach

text: Nama

text: chronicles

text: the

text: Chacha

text: Dynasty

text: 's

text: period

text: following

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: Rai

text: Dynasty

text: and

text: the

text: ascent

text: of

text: Chach

text: of

text: Alor

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: Arab

text: conquest

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: bin

text: Qasim

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: AD

text: by

text: defeating

text: the

text: last

text: Hindu

text: monarch

text: of

text: Sindh

text: Raja

text: Dahir

question: What group wanted to conquer India from earliest times?

answer: Muslims

text: Muslims

question: What empire took over parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan in 720?

answer: Arab Umayyad Caliphate

text: Arab Umayyad Caliphate

question: Who was the final Hindu monarch of Sindh?

answer: Raja Dahir

text: Raja Dahir

question: What Arab leader completed the early ambitions of Arabs by conquering parts of northern India?

answer: Muhammad bin Qasim

text: Muhammad bin Qasim

question: How did the early Muslims view the possibility of conquering India?

answer: difficult

text: difficult


text: Residents of Puerto Rico pay U.S. federal taxes: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes, therefore contributing to the American Government. Most Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income tax but do pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare). However, federal employees, those who do business with the federal government, Puerto Rico–based corporations that intend to send funds to the U.S. and others do pay federal income taxes. Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military. Puerto Ricans have participated in all American wars since 1898; 52 Puerto Ricans had been killed in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan by November 2012.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: Residents

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: pay

text: U.S.

text: federal

text: taxes

text: import

text: export

text: taxes

text: federal

text: commodity

text: taxes

text: social

text: security

text: taxes

text: therefore

text: contributing

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Government

text: Most

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: residents

text: do

text: not

text: pay

text: federal

text: income

text: tax

text: but

text: do

text: pay

text: federal

text: payroll

text: taxes

text: Social

text: Security

text: and

text: Medicare

text: However

text: federal

text: employees

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: business

text: with

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: based

text: corporations

text: that

text: intend

text: to

text: send

text: funds

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: others

text: do

text: pay

text: federal

text: income

text: taxes

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: may

text: enlist

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: have

text: participated

text: in

text: all

text: American

text: wars

text: since

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Iraq

text: War

text: and

text: War

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: by

text: November

question: What types of taxes do Puerto Ricans pay?

answer: U.S. federal taxes

text: U.S. federal taxes

question: What makes up the federal taxes Puerto Rican citizens pay?

answer: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes

text: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes

question: How else can they serve the U.S.?

answer: Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military.

text: Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military.

question: How many Puerto Ricans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?

answer: 52

question: What types of taxes does Afghanistan pay for?

text: U.S. federal taxes

question: What makes up the federal taxes Afghanistan citizens pay?

question: How else can Afghanistan serve the U.S.?

text: enlist in the U.S. military

question: How many Afghans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?

question: What do most Afghanistan residents pay?

text: federal income tax


text: Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Yongzheng

text: also

text: inherited

text: diplomatic

text: and

text: strategic

text: problems

text: A

text: team

text: made

text: up

text: entirely

text: of

text: Manchus

text: drew

text: up

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Kyakhta

text: to

text: solidify

text: the

text: diplomatic

text: understanding

text: with

text: Russia

text: In

text: exchange

text: for

text: territory

text: and

text: trading

text: rights

text: the

text: Qing

text: would

text: have

text: a

text: free

text: hand

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: Mongolia

text: Yongzheng

text: then

text: turned

text: to

text: that

text: situation

text: where

text: the

text: Zunghars

text: threatened

text: to

text: re

text: emerge

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: where

text: local

text: Miao

text: chieftains

text: resisted

text: Qing

text: expansion

text: These

text: campaigns

text: drained

text: the

text: treasury

text: but

text: established

text: the

text: emperor

text: 's

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: and

text: military

text: finance

question: When was the Treaty of Kyakhta written?

answer: 1727

question: Who was the partner in the Treaty of Kyakhta?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: What did the treaty give to the Russians?

answer: territory and trading rights

text: territory and trading rights

question: What did the Qing get from the Treaty of Kyakhta?

answer: Mongolia

text: Mongolia


text: An estimated 20,000 Somalis emigrated to the U.S. state of Minnesota some ten years ago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul) now have the highest population of Somalis in North America. The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including leather shoes, jewelry and other fashion items, halal meat, and hawala or money transfer services. Community-based video rental stores likewise carry the latest Somali films and music. The number of Somalis has especially surged in the Cedar-Riverside area of Minneapolis.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: An

text: estimated

text: Somalis

text: emigrated

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Minnesota

text: some

text: ten

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: the

text: Twin

text: Cities

text: Minneapolis

text: and

text: Saint

text: Paul

text: now

text: have

text: the

text: highest

text: population

text: of

text: Somalis

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Minneapolis

text: hosts

text: hundreds

text: of

text: Somali

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: businesses

text: offering

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: products

text: including

text: leather

text: shoes

text: jewelry

text: and

text: other

text: fashion

text: items

text: halal

text: meat

text: and

text: hawala

text: or

text: money

text: transfer

text: services

text: Community

text: based

text: video

text: rental

text: stores

text: likewise

text: carry

text: the

text: latest

text: Somali

text: films

text: and

text: music

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: Somalis

text: has

text: especially

text: surged

text: in

text: the

text: Cedar

text: Riverside

text: area

text: of

text: Minneapolis

question: Along with Saint Paul, what city constitutes the Twin Cities?

answer: Minneapolis

text: Minneapolis

question: About how many Somalis moved to Minnesota ten years ago?

answer: 20,000

question: What area of Minneapolis contains a notable number of Somalis?

answer: Cedar-Riverside

text: Cedar-Riverside

question: What is hawala?

answer: money transfer services

text: money transfer services

question: What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis?

answer: halal

text: halal


text: France: The torch relay leg in Paris, held on April 7, began on the first level of the Eiffel Tower and finished at the Stade Charléty. The relay was initially supposed to cover 28 km, but it was shortened at the demand of Chinese officials following widespread protests by pro-Tibet and human rights activists, who repeatedly attempted to disrupt, hinder or halt the procession. A scheduled ceremony at the town hall was cancelled at the request of the Chinese authorities, and, also at the request of Chinese authorities, the torch finished the relay by bus instead of being carried by athletes. Paris City officials had announced plans to greet the Olympic flame with peaceful protest when the torch was to reach the French capital. The city government attached a banner reading "Paris defends human rights throughout the world" to the City Hall, in an attempt to promote values "of all humanity and of human rights." Members from Reporters Without Borders turned out in large numbers to protest. An estimated 3,000 French police protected the Olympic torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower and criss-crossed Paris amid threat of protests. Widespread pro-Tibet protests, including an attempt by more than one demonstrator to extinguish the flame with water or fire extinguishers, prompted relay authorities to put out the flame five times (according to the police authorities in Paris) and load the torch onto a bus, at the demand of Chinese officials. This was later denied by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, despite video footage broadcast by French television network France 2 which showed Chinese flame attendants extinguishing the torch. Backup flames are with the relay at all times to relight the torch. French judoka and torchbearer David Douillet expressed his annoyance at the Chinese flame attendants who extinguished the torch which he was about to hand over to Teddy Riner: "I understand they're afraid of everything, but this is just annoying. They extinguished the flame despite the fact that there was no risk, and they could see it and they knew it. I don't know why they did it."

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: France

text: The

text: torch

text: relay

text: leg

text: in

text: Paris

text: held

text: on

text: April

text: began

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: Eiffel

text: Tower

text: and

text: finished

text: at

text: the

text: Stade

text: Charléty

text: The

text: relay

text: was

text: initially

text: supposed

text: to

text: cover

text: km

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: shortened

text: at

text: the

text: demand

text: of

text: Chinese

text: officials

text: following

text: widespread

text: protests

text: by

text: pro

text: Tibet

text: and

text: human

text: rights

text: activists

text: who

text: repeatedly

text: attempted

text: to

text: disrupt

text: hinder

text: or

text: halt

text: the

text: procession

text: A

text: scheduled

text: ceremony

text: at

text: the

text: town

text: hall

text: was

text: cancelled

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: authorities

text: and

text: also

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: Chinese

text: authorities

text: the

text: torch

text: finished

text: the

text: relay

text: by

text: bus

text: instead

text: of

text: being

text: carried

text: by

text: athletes

text: Paris

text: City

text: officials

text: had

text: announced

text: plans

text: to

text: greet

text: the

text: Olympic

text: flame

text: with

text: peaceful

text: protest

text: when

text: the

text: torch

text: was

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: French

text: capital

text: The

text: city

text: government

text: attached

text: a

text: banner

text: reading

text: Paris

text: defends

text: human

text: rights

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: the

text: City

text: Hall

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: promote

text: values

text: of

text: all

text: humanity

text: and

text: of

text: human

text: rights

text: Members

text: from

text: Reporters

text: Without

text: Borders

text: turned

text: out

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: to

text: protest

text: An

text: estimated

text: French

text: police

text: protected

text: the

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: relay

text: as

text: it

text: departed

text: from

text: the

text: Eiffel

text: Tower

text: and

text: criss

text: crossed

text: Paris

text: amid

text: threat

text: of

text: protests

text: Widespread

text: pro

text: Tibet

text: protests

text: including

text: an

text: attempt

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: demonstrator

text: to

text: extinguish

text: the

text: flame

text: with

text: water

text: or

text: fire

text: extinguishers

text: prompted

text: relay

text: authorities

text: to

text: put

text: out

text: the

text: flame

text: five

text: times

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: police

text: authorities

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: load

text: the

text: torch

text: onto

text: a

text: bus

text: at

text: the

text: demand

text: of

text: Chinese

text: officials

text: This

text: was

text: later

text: denied

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: despite

text: video

text: footage

text: broadcast

text: by

text: French

text: television

text: network

text: France

text: which

text: showed

text: Chinese

text: flame

text: attendants

text: extinguishing

text: the

text: torch

text: Backup

text: flames

text: are

text: with

text: the

text: relay

text: at

text: all

text: times

text: to

text: relight

text: the

text: torch

text: French

text: judoka

text: and

text: torchbearer

text: David

text: Douillet

text: expressed

text: his

text: annoyance

text: at

text: the

text: Chinese

text: flame

text: attendants

text: who

text: extinguished

text: the

text: torch

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: about

text: to

text: hand

text: over

text: to

text: Teddy

text: Riner

text: I

text: understand

text: they

text: 're

text: afraid

text: of

text: everything

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: just

text: annoying

text: They

text: extinguished

text: the

text: flame

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: risk

text: and

text: they

text: could

text: see

text: it

text: and

text: they

text: knew

text: it

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: why

text: they

text: did

text: it

question: When did the torch relay in Paris occur?

answer: April 7

text: April 7

question: Where did the Paris route start for the torch relay?

answer: the Eiffel Tower

text: the Eiffel Tower

question: Rather than being carried by an athlete, how did the torch end its route in Paris?

answer: by bus

text: by bus

question: The flame of the torch was put out when David Douillet was ready to hand it to who?

answer: Teddy Riner

text: Teddy Riner

question: What date did the torch relay begin in France?

answer: April 7

text: April 7

question: What city in France did the torch relay start at?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Where location was the torch relay started in the city in Paris?

answer: Eiffel Tower

text: Eiffel Tower

question: About how many police were said to have protected the torch in France?

answer: 3,000

question: How many times was the torch put out in France die to security concerns?

answer: five

text: five


text: Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Under

text: the

text: Act

text: any

text: householder

text: who

text: paid

text: rates

text: could

text: apply

text: with

text: a

text: one

text: off

text: payment

text: of

text: two

text: guineas

text: roughly

text: equal

text: in

text: value

text: to

text: today

text: to

text: sell

text: beer

text: or

text: cider

text: in

text: his

text: home

text: usually

text: the

text: front

text: parlour

text: and

text: even

text: to

text: brew

text: his

text: own

text: on

text: his

text: premises

text: The

text: permission

text: did

text: not

text: extend

text: to

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: spirits

text: and

text: fortified

text: wines

text: and

text: any

text: beer

text: house

text: discovered

text: selling

text: those

text: items

text: was

text: closed

text: down

text: and

text: the

text: owner

text: heavily

text: fined

text: Beer

text: houses

text: were

text: not

text: permitted

text: to

text: open

text: on

text: Sundays

text: The

text: beer

text: was

text: usually

text: served

text: in

text: jugs

text: or

text: dispensed

text: directly

text: from

text: tapped

text: wooden

text: barrels

text: on

text: a

text: table

text: in

text: the

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: room

text: Often

text: profits

text: were

text: so

text: high

text: the

text: owners

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: buy

text: the

text: house

text: next

text: door

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: turning

text: every

text: room

text: in

text: their

text: former

text: home

text: into

text: bars

text: and

text: lounges

text: for

text: customers

question: What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?

answer: £168

question: What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?

answer: beer or cider

text: beer or cider

question: On what day were beer houses closed?

answer: Sundays

text: Sundays

question: Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from?

answer: jugs

text: jugs

question: What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses?

answer: spirits and fortified wines

text: spirits and fortified wines


text: In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world countries, however, entomophagy (the eating of insects), is taboo. Since it is impossible to entirely eliminate pest insects from the human food chain, insects are inadvertently present in many foods, especially grains. Food safety laws in many countries do not prohibit insect parts in food, but rather limit their quantity. According to cultural materialist anthropologist Marvin Harris, the eating of insects is taboo in cultures that have other protein sources such as fish or livestock.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: In

text: some

text: cultures

text: insects

text: especially

text: deep

text: fried

text: cicadas

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: delicacies

text: while

text: in

text: other

text: places

text: they

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: normal

text: diet

text: Insects

text: have

text: a

text: high

text: protein

text: content

text: for

text: their

text: mass

text: and

text: some

text: authors

text: suggest

text: their

text: potential

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: source

text: of

text: protein

text: in

text: human

text: In

text: most

text: first

text: world

text: countries

text: however

text: entomophagy

text: the

text: eating

text: of

text: insects

text: is

text: taboo

text: Since

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: to

text: entirely

text: eliminate

text: pest

text: insects

text: from

text: the

text: human

text: food

text: chain

text: insects

text: are

text: inadvertently

text: present

text: in

text: many

text: foods

text: especially

text: grains

text: Food

text: safety

text: laws

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: do

text: not

text: prohibit

text: insect

text: parts

text: in

text: food

text: but

text: rather

text: limit

text: their

text: quantity

text: According

text: to

text: cultural

text: materialist

text: anthropologist

text: Marvin

text: Harris

text: the

text: eating

text: of

text: insects

text: is

text: taboo

text: in

text: cultures

text: that

text: have

text: other

text: protein

text: sources

text: such

text: as

text: fish

text: or

text: livestock

question: Insects are considered as what in some cultures?

answer: delicacies

text: delicacies

question: What deep-fried insect is part of the normal diet in some cultures?

answer: cicadas

text: cicadas

question: Insects have what kind of protein content?

answer: high

text: high

question: What is the term for eating insects?

answer: entomophagy

text: entomophagy

question: Where is eating insects considered taboo?

answer: first-world countries

text: first-world countries


text: On June 21, 1880, Bell's assistant transmitted a wireless voice telephone message a considerable distance, from the roof of the Franklin School in Washington, D.C., to Bell at the window of his laboratory, some 213 metres (700 ft) away, 19 years before the first voice radio transmissions.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: On

text: June

text: Bell

text: 's

text: assistant

text: transmitted

text: a

text: wireless

text: voice

text: telephone

text: message

text: a

text: considerable

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: roof

text: of

text: the

text: Franklin

text: School

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: to

text: Bell

text: at

text: the

text: window

text: of

text: his

text: laboratory

text: some

text: metres

text: ft

text: away

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: first

text: voice

text: radio

text: transmissions

question: Bell and his assistant first used their photophone on what date?

answer: June 21, 1880

text: June 21, 1880

question: How many feet did the first photophone message travel?

answer: 700

question: From what building was the first photophone message sent?

answer: Franklin School

text: Franklin School

question: How many years after this photophone message would the first message take place over radio?

answer: 19


text: The most popular alcoholic drink in Switzerland is wine. Switzerland is notable for the variety of grapes grown because of the large variations in terroirs, with their specific mixes of soil, air, altitude and light. Swiss wine is produced mainly in Valais, Vaud (Lavaux), Geneva and Ticino, with a small majority of white wines. Vineyards have been cultivated in Switzerland since the Roman era, even though certain traces can be found of a more ancient origin. The most widespread varieties are the Chasselas (called Fendant in Valais) and Pinot noir. The Merlot is the main variety produced in Ticino.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: alcoholic

text: drink

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: wine

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: the

text: variety

text: of

text: grapes

text: grown

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: variations

text: in

text: terroirs

text: with

text: their

text: specific

text: mixes

text: of

text: soil

text: air

text: altitude

text: and

text: light

text: Swiss

text: wine

text: is

text: produced

text: mainly

text: in

text: Valais

text: Vaud

text: Lavaux

text: Geneva

text: and

text: Ticino

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: majority

text: of

text: white

text: wines

text: Vineyards

text: have

text: been

text: cultivated

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: since

text: the

text: Roman

text: era

text: even

text: though

text: certain

text: traces

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: of

text: a

text: more

text: ancient

text: origin

text: The

text: most

text: widespread

text: varieties

text: are

text: the

text: Chasselas

text: called

text: Fendant

text: in

text: Valais

text: and

text: Pinot

text: noir

text: The

text: Merlot

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: variety

text: produced

text: in

text: Ticino

question: What is the most popular alcoholic drink in Switzerland?

answer: wine

text: wine

question: When were vineyards first cultivated in Switzerland?

answer: Roman era

text: Roman era

question: What type of wine comprises a small majority of wine produced in Switzerland?

answer: white

text: white

question: What are the two most widespread varieties of wines in Switzerland?

answer: Chasselas (called Fendant in Valais) and Pinot noir

text: Chasselas (called Fendant in Valais) and Pinot noir

question: What 4 terrain variations are credited for Switzerland's notable variety of grapes grown?

answer: specific mixes of soil, air, altitude and light

text: specific mixes of soil, air, altitude and light


text: In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: In

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: the

text: Gilbert

text: and

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: campaign

text: invaded

text: and

text: occupied

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: destroying

text: or

text: isolating

text: the

text: Japanese

text: garrisons

text: In

text: just

text: one

text: month

text: in

text: Americans

text: captured

text: Kwajalein

text: Atoll

text: Majuro

text: and

text: Enewetak

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: months

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: except

text: for

text: Wotje

text: Mili

text: Maloelap

text: and

text: Jaluit

question: During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshall Islands?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls?

answer: the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign

text: the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign

question: In what year did the United States occupy the Marshalls?

answer: 1944

question: How many months did it take for the US to occupy Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak?

answer: one

text: one

question: Along with Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit, what parts of the Marshall Islands were not occupied in the first three months of the American campaign?

answer: Wotje

text: Wotje


text: It was not unusual for electric recordings to be played back on acoustic phonographs. The Victor Orthophonic phonograph was a prime example where such playback was expected. In the Orthophonic, which benefited from telephone research, the mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the traditional mica type. Also, a folded horn with an exponential taper was constructed inside the cabinet to provide better impedance matching to the air. As a result, playback of an Orthophonic record sounded like it was coming from a radio.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: unusual

text: for

text: electric

text: recordings

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: back

text: on

text: acoustic

text: phonographs

text: The

text: Victor

text: Orthophonic

text: phonograph

text: was

text: a

text: prime

text: example

text: where

text: such

text: playback

text: was

text: expected

text: In

text: the

text: Orthophonic

text: which

text: benefited

text: from

text: telephone

text: research

text: the

text: mechanical

text: pickup

text: head

text: was

text: redesigned

text: with

text: lower

text: resonance

text: than

text: the

text: traditional

text: mica

text: type

text: Also

text: a

text: folded

text: horn

text: with

text: an

text: exponential

text: taper

text: was

text: constructed

text: inside

text: the

text: cabinet

text: to

text: provide

text: better

text: impedance

text: matching

text: to

text: the

text: air

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: playback

text: of

text: an

text: Orthophonic

text: record

text: sounded

text: like

text: it

text: was

text: coming

text: from

text: a

text: radio

question: What is one example of an acoustic phonograph on which one would listen to electric recordings?

answer: Victor Orthophonic phonograph

text: Victor Orthophonic phonograph

question: What allowed better sounds inside the cabinet of the orthoponic phonograph?

answer: folded horn with an exponential taper

text: folded horn with an exponential taper

question: What adjustments were made to the orthophonic  to accommodate electric recordings?

answer: mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the traditional mica type

text: mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the traditional mica type

question: Was it common to hear electric recordings on phonographs?

answer: not unusual

text: not unusual

question: How similar was the sound of a orthodontic  record to a radio?

answer: sounded like

text: sounded like


text: On 12 December 1911, during the Delhi Durbar, George V, then Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, his Consort, made the announcement that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens (Sir Edwin from 1918), who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker (Sir Herbert from 1926), both leading 20th-century British architects. The contract was given to Sobha Singh (later Sir Sobha Singh). Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed "Lutyens' Delhi" was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, the Viceroy. Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial aspirations.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: On

text: December

text: during

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Durbar

text: George

text: V

text: then

text: Emperor

text: of

text: India

text: along

text: with

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: his

text: Consort

text: made

text: the

text: announcement

text: that

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Raj

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: shifted

text: from

text: Calcutta

text: to

text: Delhi

text: while

text: laying

text: the

text: foundation

text: stone

text: for

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: 's

text: residence

text: in

text: the

text: Coronation

text: Park

text: Kingsway

text: Camp

text: The

text: foundation

text: stone

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: was

text: laid

text: by

text: King

text: George

text: V

text: and

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: at

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Delhi

text: Durbar

text: of

text: at

text: Kingsway

text: Camp

text: on

text: December

text: during

text: their

text: imperial

text: visit

text: Large

text: parts

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: were

text: planned

text: by

text: Edwin

text: Lutyens

text: Sir

text: Edwin

text: from

text: who

text: first

text: visited

text: Delhi

text: in

text: and

text: Herbert

text: Baker

text: Sir

text: Herbert

text: from

text: both

text: leading

text: century

text: British

text: architects

text: The

text: contract

text: was

text: given

text: to

text: Sobha

text: Singh

text: later

text: Sir

text: Sobha

text: Singh

text: Construction

text: really

text: began

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: by

text: The

text: city

text: that

text: was

text: later

text: dubbed

text: Lutyens

text: Delhi

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: ceremonies

text: beginning

text: on

text: February

text: by

text: Lord

text: Irwin

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: Lutyens

text: designed

text: the

text: central

text: administrative

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: a

text: testament

text: to

text: Britain

text: 's

text: imperial

text: aspirations

question: Who announced that the capital of India would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi?

answer: George V

text: George V

question: On what date was it announced that the capital of India would be moved to Delhi?

answer: 12 December 1911

text: 12 December 1911

question: Who laid the foundation stone of New Delhi?

answer: King George V and Queen Mary

text: King George V and Queen Mary

question: Who is responsible for designing large parts of New Delhi?

answer: Edwin Lutyens

text: Edwin Lutyens

question: On what date did inauguration ceremonies for New Delhi begin?

answer: 10 February 1931

text: 10 February 1931


text: The war had removed Bermuda's primary trading partners, the American colonies, from the empire, and dealt a harsh blow to Bermuda's merchant shipping trade. This also suffered due to the deforestation of Bermuda, as well as the advent of metal ships and steam propulsion, for which it did not have raw materials. During the course of the following War of 1812, the primary market for Bermuda's salt disappeared as the Americans developed their own sources. Control of the Turks had passed to the Bahamas in 1819.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: The

text: war

text: had

text: removed

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: primary

text: trading

text: partners

text: the

text: American

text: colonies

text: from

text: the

text: empire

text: and

text: dealt

text: a

text: harsh

text: blow

text: to

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: merchant

text: shipping

text: trade

text: This

text: also

text: suffered

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: deforestation

text: of

text: Bermuda

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: metal

text: ships

text: and

text: steam

text: propulsion

text: for

text: which

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: raw

text: materials

text: During

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: market

text: for

text: Bermuda

text: 's

text: salt

text: disappeared

text: as

text: the

text: Americans

text: developed

text: their

text: own

text: sources

text: Control

text: of

text: the

text: Turks

text: had

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: in

question: Who was Bermuda's main trading partner before the war?

answer: American colonies

text: American colonies

question: What is a factor that hurt Bermuda's merchant shipping?

answer: deforestation

text: deforestation

question: Why didn't Bermuda produce metal ships?

answer: it did not have raw materials

text: it did not have raw materials

question: Why did the need for Bermuda's salt diminish?

answer: Americans developed their own sources

text: Americans developed their own sources

question: What was the primary market for Bermuda following the War of 1812?

text: salt

question: Who did control of the Bahamas pass to in 1819?

text: the Turks

question: What happened in 1918?

question: When did America's market for salt disappear?


text: In the aftermath of John's death William Marshal was declared the protector of the nine-year-old Henry III. The civil war continued until royalist victories at the battles of Lincoln and Dover in 1217. Louis gave up his claim to the English throne and signed the Treaty of Lambeth. The failed Magna Carta agreement was resuscitated by Marshal's administration and reissued in an edited form in 1217 as a basis for future government. Henry III continued his attempts to reclaim Normandy and Anjou until 1259, but John's continental losses and the consequent growth of Capetian power in the 13th century proved to mark a "turning point in European history".

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: death

text: William

text: Marshal

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: protector

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: year

text: old

text: Henry

text: III

text: The

text: civil

text: war

text: continued

text: until

text: royalist

text: victories

text: at

text: the

text: battles

text: of

text: Lincoln

text: and

text: Dover

text: in

text: Louis

text: gave

text: up

text: his

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: throne

text: and

text: signed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lambeth

text: The

text: failed

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: agreement

text: was

text: resuscitated

text: by

text: Marshal

text: 's

text: administration

text: and

text: reissued

text: in

text: an

text: edited

text: form

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: basis

text: for

text: future

text: government

text: Henry

text: III

text: continued

text: his

text: attempts

text: to

text: reclaim

text: Normandy

text: and

text: Anjou

text: until

text: but

text: John

text: 's

text: continental

text: losses

text: and

text: the

text: consequent

text: growth

text: of

text: Capetian

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: proved

text: to

text: mark

text: a

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: European

text: history

question: Who was declared the protector of Henry III after John's death?

answer: William Marshal

text: William Marshal

question: Who gave up their claim to the English throne?

answer: Louis

text: Louis

question: What agreement failed?

answer: Magna Carta

text: Magna Carta

question: Until when did Henry III continue his attempts to reclaim Normandy?

answer: 1259


text: New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States. Citibank sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project in the summer of 2013. Research conducted by Quinnipiac University showed that a majority of New Yorkers support the initiative. New York City's numerical "in-season cycling indicator" of bicycling in the city hit an all-time high in 2013.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: public

text: transit

text: use

text: over

text: daily

text: cyclists

text: as

text: of

text: and

text: many

text: pedestrian

text: commuters

text: make

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: energy

text: efficient

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Walk

text: and

text: bicycle

text: modes

text: of

text: travel

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: modes

text: for

text: trips

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: nationally

text: the

text: rate

text: for

text: metro

text: regions

text: is

text: about

text: In

text: both

text: its

text: and

text: rankings

text: Walk

text: Score

text: named

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: most

text: walkable

text: large

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Citibank

text: sponsored

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: public

text: bicycles

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: bike

text: share

text: project

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: Research

text: conducted

text: by

text: Quinnipiac

text: University

text: showed

text: that

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: New

text: Yorkers

text: support

text: the

text: initiative

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: numerical

text: in

text: season

text: cycling

text: indicator

text: of

text: bicycling

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: hit

text: an

text: all

text: time

text: high

text: in

question: How many daily bicycle riders are there in NYC?

answer: 200,000

question: Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike?

answer: 200,000

question: About what percentage of New York City travel is done by bike or on foot?

answer: 21%

question: What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program?

answer: Citibank

text: Citibank

question: Research by what institution of higher learning showed that most New Yorkers support bicycle sharing?

answer: Quinnipiac University

text: Quinnipiac University

question: Who ranked New York as the most walkable large US city in 2015?

answer: Walk Score

text: Walk Score


text: Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry took Sadat's side, Gaddafi by 1975 sponsored the Sudan People's Liberation Army to overthrow Nimeiry. Focusing his attention elsewhere in Africa, in late 1972 and early 1973, Libya invaded Chad to annex the uranium-rich Aouzou Strip. Offering financial incentives, he successfully convinced 8 African states to break off diplomatic relations with Israel in 1973. Intent on propagating Islam, in 1973 Gaddafi founded the Islamic Call Society, which had opened 132 centres across Africa within a decade. In 1973 he converted Gabonese President Omar Bongo, an action which he repeated three years later with Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: later

text: infuriated

text: when

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Syria

text: planned

text: the

text: Yom

text: Kippur

text: War

text: against

text: Israel

text: without

text: consulting

text: him

text: and

text: was

text: angered

text: when

text: Egypt

text: conceded

text: to

text: peace

text: talks

text: rather

text: than

text: continuing

text: the

text: war

text: Gaddafi

text: become

text: openly

text: hostile

text: to

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: leader

text: calling

text: for

text: Sadat

text: 's

text: overthrow

text: and

text: when

text: Sudanese

text: President

text: Gaafar

text: Nimeiry

text: took

text: Sadat

text: 's

text: side

text: Gaddafi

text: by

text: sponsored

text: the

text: Sudan

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Army

text: to

text: overthrow

text: Nimeiry

text: Focusing

text: his

text: attention

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: Africa

text: in

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Libya

text: invaded

text: Chad

text: to

text: annex

text: the

text: uranium

text: rich

text: Aouzou

text: Strip

text: Offering

text: financial

text: incentives

text: he

text: successfully

text: convinced

text: African

text: states

text: to

text: break

text: off

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: Israel

text: in

text: Intent

text: on

text: propagating

text: Islam

text: in

text: Gaddafi

text: founded

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Call

text: Society

text: which

text: had

text: opened

text: centres

text: across

text: Africa

text: within

text: a

text: decade

text: In

text: he

text: converted

text: Gabonese

text: President

text: Omar

text: Bongo

text: an

text: action

text: which

text: he

text: repeated

text: three

text: years

text: later

text: with

text: Jean

text: Bédel

text: Bokassa

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

question: Who was allied with Egypt during the Yom Kippur War?

answer: Syria

text: Syria

question: Who was the president of Sudan in 1975?

answer: Gaafar Nimeiry

text: Gaafar Nimeiry

question: What revolutionary group sought to overthrow the president of Sudan?

answer: Sudan People's Liberation Army

text: Sudan People's Liberation Army

question: Prior to the Libyan invasion, what country was the Aouzou Strip a part of?

answer: Chad

text: Chad

question: What element did the Aouzou Strip possess a great deal of?

answer: uranium

text: uranium


text: Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare. Departures magazine named Richmond "The Next Great American Food City" in August 2014. Also in 2014, Southern Living magazine named three Richmond restaurants – Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt – among its "100 Best Restaurants in the South", while Metzger Bar & Butchery made its "Best New Restaurants: 12 To Watch" list. Craft beer and liquor production is also growing in the River City, with twelve micro-breweries in city proper; the oldest is Legend Brewery, founded in 1994. Three distilleries, Reservoir Distillery, Belle Isle Craft Spirits and James River Distillery, were established in 2010, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: is

text: also

text: fast

text: becoming

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: food

text: scene

text: with

text: several

text: restaurants

text: in

text: the

text: Fan

text: Church

text: Hill

text: Jackson

text: Ward

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: generating

text: regional

text: and

text: national

text: attention

text: for

text: their

text: fare

text: Departures

text: magazine

text: named

text: Richmond

text: The

text: Next

text: Great

text: American

text: Food

text: City

text: in

text: August

text: Also

text: in

text: Southern

text: Living

text: magazine

text: named

text: three

text: Richmond

text: restaurants

text: Comfort

text: Heritage

text: and

text: The

text: Roosevelt

text: among

text: its

text: Best

text: Restaurants

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: while

text: Metzger

text: Bar

text: Butchery

text: made

text: its

text: Best

text: New

text: Restaurants

text: To

text: Watch

text: list

text: Craft

text: beer

text: and

text: liquor

text: production

text: is

text: also

text: growing

text: in

text: the

text: River

text: City

text: with

text: twelve

text: micro

text: breweries

text: in

text: city

text: proper

text: the

text: oldest

text: is

text: Legend

text: Brewery

text: founded

text: in

text: Three

text: distilleries

text: Reservoir

text: Distillery

text: Belle

text: Isle

text: Craft

text: Spirits

text: and

text: James

text: River

text: Distillery

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

question: What periodical called Richmond "The Next Great American Food City"?

answer: Departures magazine

text: Departures magazine

question: According to Southern Living, what are the three best restaurants in Richmond?

answer: Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt

text: Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt

question: How many microbreweries exist in Richmond?

answer: twelve

text: twelve

question: What was the first microbrewery to set up shop in Richmond?

answer: Legend Brewery

text: Legend Brewery

question: When was James River Distillery founded?

answer: 2014


text: Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term "bugs" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Admiral

text: Grace

text: Hopper

text: an

text: American

text: computer

text: scientist

text: and

text: developer

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: compiler

text: is

text: credited

text: for

text: having

text: first

text: used

text: the

text: term

text: bugs

text: in

text: computing

text: after

text: a

text: dead

text: moth

text: was

text: found

text: shorting

text: a

text: relay

text: in

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Mark

text: II

text: computer

text: in

text: September

question: Who was the developer of the first compier?

answer: Admiral Grace Hopper

text: Admiral Grace Hopper

question: Who first coined the term "bugs"?

answer: Admiral Grace Hopper

text: Admiral Grace Hopper

question: What type of creature shorted a relay of Grace Hopper's computer?

answer: moth

text: moth

question: What type of computer of Grace Hopper's was shorted by a moth?

answer: Harvard Mark II

text: Harvard Mark II

question: When was Grace Hopper's Hardvard Mark II shorted by a moth?

answer: September 1947

text: September 1947


text: A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: A

text: framework

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: by

text: Heinz

text: Kloss

text: abstand

text: and

text: ausbau

text: languages

text: to

text: describe

text: speech

text: communities

text: that

text: while

text: unified

text: politically

text: and/or

text: culturally

text: include

text: multiple

text: dialects

text: which

text: though

text: closely

text: related

text: genetically

text: may

text: be

text: divergent

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: inter

text: dialect

text: unintelligibility

question: Who developed the abstand and ausbau languages framework?

answer: Heinz Kloss

text: Heinz Kloss

question: In what year was the abstand and ausbau framework developed?

answer: 1967

question: What sort of unification in speech communities did the abstand and ausbau framework discuss?

answer: politically and/or culturally

text: politically and/or culturally

question: In which year did abstand and ausbau develop their framework?

question: By who was a framework developed in 1960 for describing speech communities?

text: Heinz Kloss

question: In what year did Heinz Kloss develop a framework for describing dialects genetically?

question: Who developed a framework for describing dialects genetically?

text: Heinz Kloss

question: What did Heinz Kloss develop a framework for in 1927?

text: describe speech communities


text: Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the historic creeds that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and celebrates the feast days of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple. This feast is called in older prayer books the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary on February 2. The Annunciation of our Lord to the Blessed Virgin on March 25 was from before the time of Bede until the 18th century New Year's Day in England. The Annunciation is called the "Annunciation of our Lady" in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. Anglicans also celebrate in the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin on 31 May, though in some provinces the traditional date of July 2 is kept. The feast of the St. Mary the Virgin is observed on the traditional day of the Assumption, August 15. The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin is kept on September 8.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Mary

text: 's

text: special

text: position

text: within

text: God

text: 's

text: purpose

text: of

text: salvation

text: as

text: God

text: bearer

text: Theotokos

text: is

text: recognised

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: ways

text: by

text: some

text: Anglican

text: Christians

text: All

text: the

text: member

text: churches

text: of

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: affirm

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: creeds

text: that

text: Jesus

text: was

text: born

text: of

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: and

text: celebrates

text: the

text: feast

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Presentation

text: of

text: Christ

text: in

text: the

text: Temple

text: This

text: feast

text: is

text: called

text: in

text: older

text: prayer

text: books

text: the

text: Purification

text: of

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: on

text: February

text: The

text: Annunciation

text: of

text: our

text: Lord

text: to

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: on

text: March

text: was

text: from

text: before

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Bede

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: New

text: Year

text: 's

text: Day

text: in

text: England

text: The

text: Annunciation

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Annunciation

text: of

text: our

text: Lady

text: in

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Common

text: Prayer

text: Anglicans

text: also

text: celebrate

text: in

text: the

text: Visitation

text: of

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: on

text: May

text: though

text: in

text: some

text: provinces

text: the

text: traditional

text: date

text: of

text: July

text: is

text: kept

text: The

text: feast

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Mary

text: the

text: Virgin

text: is

text: observed

text: on

text: the

text: traditional

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: Assumption

text: August

text: The

text: Nativity

text: of

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: is

text: kept

text: on

text: September

question: What is the name given to the Annunciation in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer?

answer: Annunciation of our Lady

text: Annunciation of our Lady

question: On what date do most Anglicans celebrate the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin?

answer: 31 May

text: 31 May

question: What is another name for the feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple in the Anglican Communion?

answer: the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary

text: the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary

question: On what date is the Presentation of Christ in the Temple celebrated by Anglicans?

answer: February 2

text: February 2

question: On what day was the Annunciation tradtionally celebrated in England until the 18th century?

answer: New Year's Day

text: New Year's Day

question: When did Mary attain the special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer"?

text: February 2

question: When was Jesus born of the Virgin Mary?

text: March 25

question: On what day is the Presentation of Christ in the Temple?

text: New Year's Day

question: What year was the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary?

question: Who brought Book of Common Prayer to England?

text: Anglican Christians


text: Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s. Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA). Autosomal DNA is a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry, Y-DNA shows a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line, mtDNA shows any person's lineage only along the strict-maternal line. Genome-wide association studies have also been employed to yield findings relevant to genetic origins.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Efforts

text: to

text: identify

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: through

text: DNA

text: analysis

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Currently

text: there

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: genetic

text: origin

text: testing

text: autosomal

text: DNA

text: atDNA

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: mtDNA

text: and

text: Y

text: chromosomal

text: DNA

text: Y

text: DNA

text: Autosomal

text: DNA

text: is

text: a

text: mixture

text: from

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: entire

text: ancestry

text: Y

text: DNA

text: shows

text: a

text: male

text: 's

text: lineage

text: only

text: along

text: his

text: strict

text: paternal

text: line

text: mtDNA

text: shows

text: any

text: person

text: 's

text: lineage

text: only

text: along

text: the

text: strict

text: maternal

text: line

text: Genome

text: wide

text: association

text: studies

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: employed

text: to

text: yield

text: findings

text: relevant

text: to

text: genetic

text: origins

question: When did efforts begin to try and identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis?

answer: the 1990s

text: the 1990s

question: How many types of genetic origin testing currently exist?

answer: three types of genetic origin testing

text: three types of genetic origin testing

question: What are the three types of origin testing?

answer: autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)

text: autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)

question: Autosomal DNA is what?

answer: a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry

text: a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry

question: What does Y-DNA show?

answer: a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line

text: a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line


text: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: The

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Charleston

text: Office

text: of

text: Education

text: also

text: operates

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: oversees

text: several

text: parochial

text: schools

text: such

text: as

text: Blessed

text: Sacrament

text: School

text: Christ

text: Our

text: King

text: School

text: Charleston

text: Catholic

text: School

text: Nativity

text: School

text: and

text: Divine

text: Redeemer

text: School

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: feeder

text: schools

text: into

text: Bishop

text: England

text: High

text: School

text: a

text: diocesan

text: high

text: school

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: Bishop

text: England

text: Porter

text: Gaud

text: School

text: and

text: Ashley

text: Hall

text: are

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: prominent

text: private

text: schools

text: and

text: are

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: Charleston

text: history

text: dating

text: back

text: some

text: years

question: Some of the oldest private schools in Charleston date back how long?

answer: 150 years

text: 150 years

question: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?

answer: K-8 parochial schools

text: K-8 parochial schools

question: How old are some of Charleston's private school?

answer: 150 years

text: 150 years

question: Which school is Charleston's diocesan high school?

answer: Bishop England High School

text: Bishop England High School

question: Which organization oversees several K-8 Parochial Schools?

answer: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education

text: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education

question: Bishop England High school , Porter-Gaud School and a what other school is among Charleston's most prominent private schools?

answer: Ashley Hall

text: Ashley Hall

question: Some of the oldest public schools in Charleston date back how long?

text: 150 years.

question: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of hospitals?

text: K-8 parochial schools

question: How old are some of Charleston's public school?

text: 150 years

question: Which school isn't Charleston's diocesan high school?

text: Bishop England High School

question: Which organization oversees several K-9 Parochial Schools?


text: In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of the paper and its thickness.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: In

text: Europe

text: and

text: other

text: regions

text: using

text: the

text: ISO

text: paper

text: sizing

text: system

text: the

text: weight

text: is

text: expressed

text: in

text: grammes

text: per

text: square

text: metre

text: g

text: or

text: usually

text: just

text: g

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: Printing

text: paper

text: is

text: generally

text: between

text: g

text: and

text: g.

text: Anything

text: heavier

text: than

text: g

text: is

text: considered

text: card

text: The

text: weight

text: of

text: a

text: ream

text: therefore

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: dimensions

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: and

text: its

text: thickness

question: What ISO sizing system does Europe use?

answer: ISO 216

text: ISO 216

question: If paper is over 160g what is it considered as?

answer: card

text: card

question: Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe?

answer: dimensions

text: dimensions

question: Where is the dampness of paper expressed in grammes per square meter?

text: Europe

question: Where is the thickness of paper expressed in grams per square meter?

text: Europe

question: Where is the dryness of paper expressed in grams per square meter?

text: Europe

question: What is anything heavier than 60g considered?

text: card

question: What does the weight of a gram depend on?

question: What ISO sizing system does Asia use?

text: ISO 216

question: If paper is over 110g what is it considered as?

text: card

question: Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Asia?

text: dimensions


text: In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame. Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: In

text: contrast

text: Botswana

text: has

text: recently

text: been

text: forced

text: to

text: ban

text: trophy

text: hunting

text: following

text: a

text: precipitous

text: wildlife

text: decline

text: The

text: numbers

text: of

text: antelope

text: plummeted

text: across

text: Botswana

text: with

text: a

text: resultant

text: decline

text: in

text: predator

text: numbers

text: while

text: elephant

text: numbers

text: remained

text: stable

text: and

text: hippopotamus

text: numbers

text: rose

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Botswana

text: trophy

text: hunting

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: partly

text: to

text: blame

text: for

text: this

text: but

text: many

text: other

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: poaching

text: drought

text: and

text: habitat

text: loss

text: are

text: also

text: to

text: blame

text: Uganda

text: recently

text: did

text: the

text: same

text: arguing

text: that

text: the

text: share

text: of

text: benefits

text: of

text: sport

text: hunting

text: were

text: lopsided

text: and

text: unlikely

text: to

text: deter

text: poaching

text: or

text: improve

text: Uganda

text: 's

text: capacity

text: to

text: manage

text: the

text: wildlife

text: reserves

question: Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?

answer: a precipitous wildlife decline

text: a precipitous wildlife decline

question: What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?

answer: antelope

text: antelope

question: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?

answer: hippopotamus

text: hippopotamus

question: What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?

answer: poaching, drought and habitat loss

text: poaching, drought and habitat loss

question: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?

answer: Uganda

text: Uganda

question: What Botswana was resently forced to do?

answer: ban trophy hunting

text: ban trophy hunting

question: What animal declined across Botswana?

answer: antelope

text: antelope

question: What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?

answer: hippopotamus

text: hippopotamus

question: What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?

answer: elephant

text: elephant

question: What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda?

answer: poaching

text: poaching

question: What happened to antelope in Uganda?

text: The numbers of antelope plummeted

question: What happened in Uganda after antelope numbers fell?

text: a resultant decline in predator numbers

question: How was the elephant population in Uganda?

text: stable

question: What animal population increased in Uganda?

text: hippopotamus

question: What did Botswana argue sport hunting wouldn't be able to stop?

text: poaching


text: In 2006, a study by Behar et al., based on what was at that time high-resolution analysis of haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", that were "likely from a Hebrew/Levantine mtDNA pool" originating in the Middle East in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. Additionally, Behar et al. suggested that the rest of Ashkenazi mtDNA is originated from ~150 women, and that most of those were also likely of Middle Eastern origin. In reference specifically to Haplogroup K, they suggested that although it is common throughout western Eurasia, "the observed global pattern of distribution renders very unlikely the possibility that the four aforementioned founder lineages entered the Ashkenazi mtDNA pool via gene flow from a European host population".

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: Behar

text: et

text: al

text: based

text: on

text: what

text: was

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: high

text: resolution

text: analysis

text: of

text: haplogroup

text: K

text: mtDNA

text: suggested

text: that

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: Ashkenazi

text: population

text: is

text: descended

text: matrilineally

text: from

text: just

text: four

text: women

text: or

text: founder

text: lineages

text: that

text: were

text: likely

text: from

text: a

text: Hebrew

text: Levantine

text: mtDNA

text: pool

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: CE

text: Additionally

text: Behar

text: et

text: al

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: mtDNA

text: is

text: originated

text: from

text: women

text: and

text: that

text: most

text: of

text: those

text: were

text: also

text: likely

text: of

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: origin

text: In

text: reference

text: specifically

text: to

text: Haplogroup

text: K

text: they

text: suggested

text: that

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: throughout

text: western

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: observed

text: global

text: pattern

text: of

text: distribution

text: renders

text: very

text: unlikely

text: the

text: possibility

text: that

text: the

text: four

text: aforementioned

text: founder

text: lineages

text: entered

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: mtDNA

text: pool

text: via

text: gene

text: flow

text: from

text: a

text: European

text: host

text: population

question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that what percentage of the current Ashkenazi population was descended from "founder lineages"?

answer: 40%

question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from how many women?

answer: from just four women

text: from just four women

question: The women that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended from are also known as what?

answer: founder lineages

text: founder lineages

question: The founder lineages were likely from what type of mtDNA pool?

answer: Hebrew/Levantine

text: Hebrew/Levantine


text: A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: A

text: Turco

text: Mongol

text: conqueror

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Timur

text: Tamerlane

text: attacked

text: the

text: reigning

text: Sultan

text: Nasir

text: u

text: Din

text: Mehmud

text: of

text: the

text: Tughlaq

text: Dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Indian

text: city

text: of

text: Delhi

text: The

text: Sultan

text: 's

text: army

text: was

text: defeated

text: on

text: December

text: Timur

text: entered

text: Delhi

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: sacked

text: destroyed

text: and

text: left

text: in

text: ruins

text: after

text: Timur

text: 's

text: army

text: had

text: killed

text: and

text: plundered

text: for

text: three

text: days

text: and

text: nights

text: He

text: ordered

text: the

text: whole

text: city

text: to

text: be

text: sacked

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: sayyids

text: scholars

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: Muslims

text: artists

text: war

text: prisoners

text: were

text: put

text: to

text: death

text: in

text: one

text: day

text: The

text: Sultanate

text: suffered

text: significantly

text: from

text: the

text: sacking

text: of

text: Delhi

text: revived

text: briefly

text: under

text: the

text: Lodi

text: Dynasty

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: shadow

text: of

text: the

text: former

question: What Turko-Mongol attacked and defeated the Sultan of Tughlaq dynasty?

answer: Timur

text: Timur

question: On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?

answer: 17 December 1398

text: 17 December 1398

question: In what shape did Timur leave the city of Delhi?

answer: in ruins

text: in ruins

question: How many prisoners of war were executed in the sack of Delhi?

answer: 100,000

question: What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked?

answer: sayyids

text: sayyids


text: In Argentina, the most representative Carnival performed is the so-called Murga, although other famous Carnivals, more like Brazil's, are held in Argentine Mesopotamia and the North-East. Gualeguaychú in the east of Entre Ríos province is the most important Carnival city and has one of the largest parades. It adopts a musical background similar to Brazilian or Uruguayan Carnival. Corrientes is another city with a Carnival tradition. Chamame is a popular musical style. In all major cities and many towns throughout the country, Carnival is celebrated.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: In

text: Argentina

text: the

text: most

text: representative

text: Carnival

text: performed

text: is

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Murga

text: although

text: other

text: famous

text: Carnivals

text: more

text: like

text: Brazil

text: 's

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: Argentine

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: East

text: Gualeguaychú

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Entre

text: Ríos

text: province

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: Carnival

text: city

text: and

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: parades

text: It

text: adopts

text: a

text: musical

text: background

text: similar

text: to

text: Brazilian

text: or

text: Uruguayan

text: Carnival

text: Corrientes

text: is

text: another

text: city

text: with

text: a

text: Carnival

text: tradition

text: Chamame

text: is

text: a

text: popular

text: musical

text: style

text: In

text: all

text: major

text: cities

text: and

text: many

text: towns

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: Carnival

text: is

text: celebrated

question: Which Carnival in Argentina is the most representative of the nature of the Carnival?

answer: Murga

text: Murga

question: What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival?

answer: Gualeguaychú

text: Gualeguaychú

question: What kind of tradition does the city of Corrientes have?

answer: Carnival

text: Carnival

question: What is Chamame?

answer: popular musical style.

text: popular musical style.

question: Where is Carnival celebrated?

answer: In all major cities and many towns throughout the country

text: In all major cities and many towns throughout the country


text: Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used. When manually powered, the term "handpump" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Strictly

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: pump

text: itself

text: which

text: is

text: normally

text: manually

text: operated

text: though

text: electrically

text: powered

text: and

text: gas

text: powered

text: pumps

text: are

text: occasionally

text: used

text: When

text: manually

text: powered

text: the

text: term

text: handpump

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: pump

text: and

text: the

text: associated

text: handle

question: What is a common name for a beer pump powered by hand?

answer: handpump

text: handpump

question: Along with electricity, what sometimes powers beer pumps that aren't operated by hand?

answer: gas

text: gas


text: As this process continued, the missile found itself being used for more and more of the roles formerly filled by guns. First to go were the large weapons, replaced by equally large missile systems of much higher performance. Smaller missiles soon followed, eventually becoming small enough to be mounted on armored cars and tank chassis. These started replacing, or at least supplanting, similar gun-based SPAAG systems in the 1960s, and by the 1990s had replaced almost all such systems in modern armies. Man-portable missiles, MANPADs as they are known today, were introduced in the 1960s and have supplanted or even replaced even the smallest guns in most advanced armies.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: As

text: this

text: process

text: continued

text: the

text: missile

text: found

text: itself

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: roles

text: formerly

text: filled

text: by

text: guns

text: First

text: to

text: go

text: were

text: the

text: large

text: weapons

text: replaced

text: by

text: equally

text: large

text: missile

text: systems

text: of

text: much

text: higher

text: performance

text: Smaller

text: missiles

text: soon

text: followed

text: eventually

text: becoming

text: small

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: mounted

text: on

text: armored

text: cars

text: and

text: tank

text: chassis

text: These

text: started

text: replacing

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: supplanting

text: similar

text: gun

text: based

text: SPAAG

text: systems

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: had

text: replaced

text: almost

text: all

text: such

text: systems

text: in

text: modern

text: armies

text: Man

text: portable

text: missiles

text: MANPADs

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: today

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: have

text: supplanted

text: or

text: even

text: replaced

text: even

text: the

text: smallest

text: guns

text: in

text: most

text: advanced

text: armies

question: The missile started being used more often instead of what weapon?

answer: guns

text: guns

question: Small missiles were designed that could be mounted on what?

answer: armored cars and tank chassis

text: armored cars and tank chassis

question: When did these missiles start to supplant gun-based SPAAG systems?

answer: in the 1960s

text: in the 1960s

question: What are man-portable missiles better known as?

answer: MANPADs

text: MANPADs

question: When were MANPADs introduced?

answer: the 1960s

text: the 1960s


text: This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, were sometimes purpose-built, but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. Following this concept, light aircraft carriers built by the US, such as USS Independence, represented a larger, more "militarized" version of the escort carrier. Although with similar complement to Escort carriers, they had the advantage of speed from their converted cruiser hulls. The UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier was designed for building quickly by civilian shipyards and with an expected service life of about 3 years. They served the Royal Navy during the war and was the hull design chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war until the 1980s. Emergencies also spurred the creation or conversion of highly unconventional aircraft carriers. CAM ships, were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long range German aircraft.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: This

text: new

text: found

text: importance

text: of

text: naval

text: aviation

text: forced

text: nations

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: carriers

text: in

text: efforts

text: to

text: provide

text: air

text: superiority

text: cover

text: for

text: every

text: major

text: fleet

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: ward

text: off

text: enemy

text: aircraft

text: This

text: extensive

text: usage

text: required

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: several

text: new

text: light

text: carriers

text: Escort

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: such

text: as

text: USS

text: Bogue

text: were

text: sometimes

text: purpose

text: built

text: but

text: most

text: were

text: converted

text: from

text: merchant

text: ships

text: as

text: a

text: stop

text: gap

text: measure

text: to

text: provide

text: anti

text: submarine

text: air

text: support

text: for

text: convoys

text: and

text: amphibious

text: invasions

text: Following

text: this

text: concept

text: light

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: such

text: as

text: USS

text: Independence

text: represented

text: a

text: larger

text: more

text: militarized

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: escort

text: carrier

text: Although

text: with

text: similar

text: complement

text: to

text: Escort

text: carriers

text: they

text: had

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: speed

text: from

text: their

text: converted

text: cruiser

text: hulls

text: The

text: UK

text: Design

text: Light

text: Fleet

text: Carrier

text: was

text: designed

text: for

text: building

text: quickly

text: by

text: civilian

text: shipyards

text: and

text: with

text: an

text: expected

text: service

text: life

text: of

text: about

text: years

text: They

text: served

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: hull

text: design

text: chosen

text: for

text: nearly

text: all

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: equipped

text: navies

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: until

text: the

text: Emergencies

text: also

text: spurred

text: the

text: creation

text: or

text: conversion

text: of

text: highly

text: unconventional

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: CAM

text: ships

text: were

text: cargo

text: carrying

text: merchant

text: ships

text: that

text: could

text: launch

text: but

text: not

text: retrieve

text: a

text: single

text: fighter

text: aircraft

text: from

text: a

text: catapult

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: convoy

text: from

text: long

text: range

text: German

text: aircraft

question: What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Bogue?

answer: Escort

text: Escort

question: What type of aircraft was the USS Independence?

answer: light

text: light

question: What advantage did light carriers have over escort carriers?

answer: speed

text: speed

question: What was the expected serice life of the UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier?

answer: 3 years

text: 3 years

question: Who did the UK 1941 Design Light Fleet Carriers serve during the war?

answer: Royal Navy

text: Royal Navy

question: What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Vogue?

text: Escort

question: What type of tank was the USS Independence?

text: light

question: What advantage did heavy carriers have over escort carriers?

text: speed

question: What was the expected service life of the UK 1924 Design Light Fleet Carrier?

text: 3 years

question: Who did the UK 1941 Design Heavy Fleet Carriers serve during the war?

text: Royal Navy


text: During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates independently of faith allowed science to be separated from theology and philosophy. Legal studies were marked by the steady advance of Roman law into areas of jurisprudence previously governed by customary law. The lone exception to this trend was in England, where the common law remained pre-eminent. Other countries codified their laws; legal codes were promulgated in Castile, Poland, and Lithuania.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: During

text: the

text: Later

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: theologians

text: such

text: as

text: John

text: Duns

text: Scotus

text: d.

text: and

text: William

text: of

text: Ockham

text: d.

text: c.

text: led

text: a

text: reaction

text: against

text: scholasticism

text: objecting

text: to

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: reason

text: to

text: faith

text: Their

text: efforts

text: undermined

text: the

text: prevailing

text: Platonic

text: idea

text: of

text: universals

text: Ockham

text: 's

text: insistence

text: that

text: reason

text: operates

text: independently

text: of

text: faith

text: allowed

text: science

text: to

text: be

text: separated

text: from

text: theology

text: and

text: philosophy

text: Legal

text: studies

text: were

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: steady

text: advance

text: of

text: Roman

text: law

text: into

text: areas

text: of

text: jurisprudence

text: previously

text: governed

text: by

text: customary

text: law

text: The

text: lone

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: trend

text: was

text: in

text: England

text: where

text: the

text: common

text: law

text: remained

text: pre

text: eminent

text: Other

text: countries

text: codified

text: their

text: laws

text: legal

text: codes

text: were

text: promulgated

text: in

text: Castile

text: Poland

text: and

text: Lithuania

question: What school of thought was Duns Scotus opposed to?

answer: scholasticism

text: scholasticism

question: Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by?

answer: customary law

text: customary law

question: What country did not see the increasing influence of Roman law?

answer: England

text: England

question: Along with Castile and Poland, what country developed a law code in the Later Middle Ages?

answer: Lithuania

text: Lithuania

question: What Platonic idea lost influence as a result of the work of Ockham and Duns Scotus?

answer: universals

text: universals