text: The assertion that the Cubist depiction of space, mass, time, and volume supports (rather than contradicts) the flatness of the canvas was made by Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler as early as 1920, but it was subject to criticism in the 1950s and 1960s, especially by Clement Greenberg. Contemporary views of Cubism are complex, formed to some extent in response to the "Salle 41" Cubists, whose methods were too distinct from those of Picasso and Braque to be considered merely secondary to them. Alternative interpretations of Cubism have therefore developed. Wider views of Cubism include artists who were later associated with the "Salle 41" artists, e.g., Francis Picabia; the brothers Jacques Villon, Raymond Duchamp-Villon and Marcel Duchamp, who beginning in late 1911 formed the core of the Section d'Or (or the Puteaux Group); the sculptors Alexander Archipenko, Joseph Csaky and Ossip Zadkine as well as Jacques Lipchitz and Henri Laurens; and painters such as Louis Marcoussis, Roger de La Fresnaye, František Kupka, Diego Rivera, Léopold Survage, Auguste Herbin, André Lhote, Gino Severini (after 1916), María Blanchard (after 1916) and Georges Valmier (after 1918). More fundamentally, Christopher Green argues that Douglas Cooper's terms were "later undermined by interpretations of the work of Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger that stress iconographic and ideological questions rather than methods of representation."

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: assertion

text: that

text: the

text: Cubist

text: depiction

text: of

text: space

text: mass

text: time

text: and

text: volume

text: supports

text: rather

text: than

text: contradicts

text: the

text: flatness

text: of

text: the

text: canvas

text: was

text: made

text: by

text: Daniel

text: Henry

text: Kahnweiler

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: subject

text: to

text: criticism

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: especially

text: by

text: Clement

text: Greenberg

text: Contemporary

text: views

text: of

text: Cubism

text: are

text: complex

text: formed

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: Salle

text: Cubists

text: whose

text: methods

text: were

text: too

text: distinct

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: Picasso

text: and

text: Braque

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: merely

text: secondary

text: to

text: them

text: Alternative

text: interpretations

text: of

text: Cubism

text: have

text: therefore

text: developed

text: Wider

text: views

text: of

text: Cubism

text: include

text: artists

text: who

text: were

text: later

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Salle

text: artists

text: e.g.

text: Francis

text: Picabia

text: the

text: brothers

text: Jacques

text: Villon

text: Raymond

text: Duchamp

text: Villon

text: and

text: Marcel

text: Duchamp

text: who

text: beginning

text: in

text: late

text: formed

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: Section

text: d'Or

text: or

text: the

text: Puteaux

text: Group

text: the

text: sculptors

text: Alexander

text: Archipenko

text: Joseph

text: Csaky

text: and

text: Ossip

text: Zadkine

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Jacques

text: Lipchitz

text: and

text: Henri

text: Laurens

text: and

text: painters

text: such

text: as

text: Louis

text: Marcoussis

text: Roger

text: de

text: La

text: Fresnaye

text: František

text: Kupka

text: Diego

text: Rivera

text: Léopold

text: Survage

text: Auguste

text: Herbin

text: André

text: Lhote

text: Gino

text: Severini

text: after

text: María

text: Blanchard

text: after

text: and

text: Georges

text: Valmier

text: after

text: More

text: fundamentally

text: Christopher

text: Green

text: argues

text: that

text: Douglas

text: Cooper

text: 's

text: terms

text: were

text: later

text: undermined

text: by

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Picasso

text: Braque

text: Gris

text: and

text: Léger

text: that

text: stress

text: iconographic

text: and

text: ideological

text: questions

text: rather

text: than

text: methods

text: of

text: representation

question: Who asserted that the flat canvas supported Cubism?

answer: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

text: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

question: In what year was the assertion made that the flat canvas supported Cubism?

answer: early as 1920

text: early as 1920

question: When was the assertion that the flat canvas supported Cubism put into debate?

answer: 1950s and 1960s,

text: 1950s and 1960s,

question: Who was the main opponent that began to argue that the flat canvas did not support Cubism?

answer: Clement Greenberg.

text: Clement Greenberg.

question: Who's work undermined Douglass  Coopers terms describing Cubism?

answer: Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger

text: Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger

question: Who disagreed that the flat canvas supported Cubism?

text: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

question: In what year was the assertion made that the flat canvas did not support Cubism?

text: early as 1920

question: When was the assertion that the flat canvas did not support Cubism put into debate?

text: 1950s and 1960s

question: Who was the main opponent that began to agree that the flat canvas did not support Cubism?

text: Clement Greenberg

question: Who's work undermined Douglass Coopers terms in not describing Cubism?

text: Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger


text: Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is. The presence or absence of minimal pairs, as mentioned above, is a frequently used criterion for deciding whether two sounds should be assigned to the same phoneme. However, other considerations often need to be taken into account as well.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: phonological

text: study

text: of

text: a

text: language

text: therefore

text: involves

text: looking

text: at

text: data

text: phonetic

text: transcriptions

text: of

text: the

text: speech

text: of

text: native

text: speakers

text: and

text: trying

text: to

text: deduce

text: what

text: the

text: underlying

text: phonemes

text: are

text: and

text: what

text: the

text: sound

text: inventory

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: The

text: presence

text: or

text: absence

text: of

text: minimal

text: pairs

text: as

text: mentioned

text: above

text: is

text: a

text: frequently

text: used

text: criterion

text: for

text: deciding

text: whether

text: two

text: sounds

text: should

text: be

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: phoneme

text: However

text: other

text: considerations

text: often

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: as

text: well

question: What type of language study involves trying to deduce underlying phonomes?

answer: phonological

text: phonological

question: Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phonological study of a language try to find out about the language?

answer: sound inventory

text: sound inventory

question: What kind of speaker data does studying a language phonologically involve examining?

answer: native

text: native

question: What type of language study involves trying to deduce transcriptions?

text: phonological

question: Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phnological study of a language tray to find out about minimal pairs?

text: sound inventory

question: What kind of transcription data does studying a language phonologically involve examining?

text: native

question: What is a frequently used criterion for deciding whether two languages should be assigned to the same phoneme?

question: What does part of the assigned transcription of a language involve?

text: looking at data


text: After running imperial military affairs in the states of Coahuila and Durango, General Agustín Enrique Brincourt made preparations to invade the state of Chihuahua. On July 8, 1865 Brincourt crossed the Nazas River in northern Durango, heading toward Chihuahua. On July 22 Brincourt crossed the banks of Río Florido into Ciudad Jiménez; one day later he arrived at Valle de Allende where he sent Colonel Pyot with a garrison to take control of Hidalgo del Parral. Brincourt continued through Santa Rosalia de Camargo and Santa Cruz de Rosales. President Juárez remained in the state capital until August 5, 1865 when he left for El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juárez) due to evidence that the French were to attack the city. On the same day, the President named General Manuel Ojinaga the new governor and placed him in charge of all the republican forces. Meanwhile, General Villagran surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo de Parral; after a short two-hour battle, Colonel Pyot was defeated and forced to retreat. At the Battle of Parral, the French lost 55 men to the Republican forces. On August 13, 1865, the French forces with an estimated 2,500 men arrived at the outskirts of Chihuahua City, and on August 15, 1865, General Brincourt defeated the republican forces, taking control of the state capital. Brincourt designated Tomás Zuloaga as Prefect of Chihuahua. Fearing the French would continue their campaign to El Paso del Norte, President Juárez relocated to El Carrizal, a secluded place in the mountains near El Paso del Norte, in August 1865, . It would have been easy for the French forces to continue in pursuit of President Juárez across the border, but they feared altercations with American forces. General François Achille Bazaine ordered the French troops to retreat back to the state of Durango after only reaching a point one days travel north of Chihuahua City. General Brincourt asked for 1,000 men to be left behind to help maintain control over the state, but his request was denied. After the death of General Ojinaga, the Republican government declared General Villagran in charge of the fight against the Imperial forces. The French left the state on October 29, 1865. President Juárez returned to Chihuahua City on November 20, 1865 and remained in the city until December 9, 1865 when he returned to El Paso del Norte. Shortly after the president left Chihuahua City, Terrazas was restored as governor of the state on December 11, 1865.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: After

text: running

text: imperial

text: military

text: affairs

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Coahuila

text: and

text: Durango

text: General

text: Agustín

text: Enrique

text: Brincourt

text: made

text: preparations

text: to

text: invade

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: On

text: July

text: Brincourt

text: crossed

text: the

text: Nazas

text: River

text: in

text: northern

text: Durango

text: heading

text: toward

text: Chihuahua

text: On

text: July

text: Brincourt

text: crossed

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: Río

text: Florido

text: into

text: Ciudad

text: Jiménez

text: one

text: day

text: later

text: he

text: arrived

text: at

text: Valle

text: de

text: Allende

text: where

text: he

text: sent

text: Colonel

text: Pyot

text: with

text: a

text: garrison

text: to

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: Hidalgo

text: del

text: Parral

text: Brincourt

text: continued

text: through

text: Santa

text: Rosalia

text: de

text: Camargo

text: and

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: Rosales

text: President

text: Juárez

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: until

text: August

text: when

text: he

text: left

text: for

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: present

text: day

text: Ciudad

text: Juárez

text: due

text: to

text: evidence

text: that

text: the

text: French

text: were

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: city

text: On

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: the

text: President

text: named

text: General

text: Manuel

text: Ojinaga

text: the

text: new

text: governor

text: and

text: placed

text: him

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: republican

text: forces

text: Meanwhile

text: General

text: Villagran

text: surprised

text: the

text: imperial

text: forces

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: Hidalgo

text: de

text: Parral

text: after

text: a

text: short

text: two

text: hour

text: battle

text: Colonel

text: Pyot

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: forced

text: to

text: retreat

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Parral

text: the

text: French

text: lost

text: men

text: to

text: the

text: Republican

text: forces

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: men

text: arrived

text: at

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: and

text: on

text: August

text: General

text: Brincourt

text: defeated

text: the

text: republican

text: forces

text: taking

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Brincourt

text: designated

text: Tomás

text: Zuloaga

text: as

text: Prefect

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: Fearing

text: the

text: French

text: would

text: continue

text: their

text: campaign

text: to

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: President

text: Juárez

text: relocated

text: to

text: El

text: Carrizal

text: a

text: secluded

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: near

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: in

text: August

text: It

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: easy

text: for

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: to

text: continue

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: President

text: Juárez

text: across

text: the

text: border

text: but

text: they

text: feared

text: altercations

text: with

text: American

text: forces

text: General

text: François

text: Achille

text: Bazaine

text: ordered

text: the

text: French

text: troops

text: to

text: retreat

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Durango

text: after

text: only

text: reaching

text: a

text: point

text: one

text: days

text: travel

text: north

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: General

text: Brincourt

text: asked

text: for

text: men

text: to

text: be

text: left

text: behind

text: to

text: help

text: maintain

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: but

text: his

text: request

text: was

text: denied

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: General

text: Ojinaga

text: the

text: Republican

text: government

text: declared

text: General

text: Villagran

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: fight

text: against

text: the

text: Imperial

text: forces

text: The

text: French

text: left

text: the

text: state

text: on

text: October

text: President

text: Juárez

text: returned

text: to

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: until

text: December

text: when

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: El

text: Paso

text: del

text: Norte

text: Shortly

text: after

text: the

text: president

text: left

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: Terrazas

text: was

text: restored

text: as

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: on

text: December

question: Brincourt made preparations to invade which state?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua

question: In which states had Brincourt run military affairs previously?

answer: Coahuila and Durango

text: Coahuila and Durango

question: Who remained in the capital until August 5, 1865?

answer: President Juárez

text: President Juárez

question: Who surprised the imperial forces in control of Hidalgo?

answer: General Villagran

text: General Villagran

question: The Republican government declared who in charge of the fight against the imperialists?

answer: General Villagran

text: General Villagran


text: In practical terms, a computer program may be just a few instructions or extend to many millions of instructions, as do the programs for word processors and web browsers for example. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions per second (gigaflops) and rarely makes a mistake over many years of operation. Large computer programs consisting of several million instructions may take teams of programmers years to write, and due to the complexity of the task almost certainly contain errors.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: In

text: practical

text: terms

text: a

text: computer

text: program

text: may

text: be

text: just

text: a

text: few

text: instructions

text: or

text: extend

text: to

text: many

text: millions

text: of

text: instructions

text: as

text: do

text: the

text: programs

text: for

text: word

text: processors

text: and

text: web

text: browsers

text: for

text: example

text: A

text: typical

text: modern

text: computer

text: can

text: execute

text: billions

text: of

text: instructions

text: per

text: second

text: gigaflops

text: and

text: rarely

text: makes

text: a

text: mistake

text: over

text: many

text: years

text: of

text: operation

text: Large

text: computer

text: programs

text: consisting

text: of

text: several

text: million

text: instructions

text: may

text: take

text: teams

text: of

text: programmers

text: years

text: to

text: write

text: and

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: complexity

text: of

text: the

text: task

text: almost

text: certainly

text: contain

text: errors

question: Billions of instructions per second are called what in computer terms?

answer: (gigaflops)

text: (gigaflops)


text: These styles generally have either two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models) directly under the strings. Much variation exists between makers working from these archetypes, and other variants have become increasingly common. Generally, in the United States, Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins and mandolins influenced by that design are strongly associated with bluegrass, while the A-style is associated other types of music, although it too is most often used for and associated with bluegrass. The F-5's more complicated woodwork also translates into a more expensive instrument.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: These

text: styles

text: generally

text: have

text: either

text: two

text: f

text: shaped

text: soundholes

text: like

text: a

text: violin

text: and

text: or

text: an

text: oval

text: sound

text: hole

text: and

text: and

text: lower

text: models

text: directly

text: under

text: the

text: strings

text: Much

text: variation

text: exists

text: between

text: makers

text: working

text: from

text: these

text: archetypes

text: and

text: other

text: variants

text: have

text: become

text: increasingly

text: common

text: Generally

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Gibson

text: F

text: hole

text: mandolins

text: and

text: mandolins

text: influenced

text: by

text: that

text: design

text: are

text: strongly

text: associated

text: with

text: bluegrass

text: while

text: the

text: A

text: style

text: is

text: associated

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: although

text: it

text: too

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: and

text: associated

text: with

text: bluegrass

text: The

text: 's

text: more

text: complicated

text: woodwork

text: also

text: translates

text: into

text: a

text: more

text: expensive

text: instrument

question: What shape sounds holes do these styles of mandolins have?

answer: two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models)

text: two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models)

question: Where are the soundholes located?

answer: directly under the strings

text: directly under the strings

question: What mandolin is associate with Bluegrass music?

answer: Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins

text: Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins

question: What style is associate with other types of music?

answer: A-style

text: A-style

question: Why is the F-5 mandolin more expensive?

answer: complicated woodwork

text: complicated woodwork

question: What shape sounds holes do these styles of mandolins not have?

question: Where are the feelingholes located?

text: directly under the strings

question: What mandolin is not associated with Bluegrass music?

text: A-style

question: Why is the F-5 mandolin less expensive?

text: complicated woodwork


text: Clement Attlee's proved one of the most radical British governments of the 20th century, enacting Keynesian economic policies, presiding over a policy of nationalising major industries and utilities including the Bank of England, coal mining, the steel industry, electricity, gas, and inland transport (including railways, road haulage and canals). It developed and implemented the "cradle to grave" welfare state conceived by the economist William Beveridge. To this day, the party considers the 1948 creation of Britain's publicly funded National Health Service (NHS) under health minister Aneurin Bevan its proudest achievement. Attlee's government also began the process of dismantling the British Empire when it granted independence to India and Pakistan in 1947, followed by Burma (Myanmar) and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) the following year. At a secret meeting in January 1947, Attlee and six cabinet ministers, including Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, decided to proceed with the development of Britain's nuclear weapons programme, in opposition to the pacifist and anti-nuclear stances of a large element inside the Labour Party.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: Clement

text: Attlee

text: 's

text: proved

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: radical

text: British

text: governments

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: enacting

text: Keynesian

text: economic

text: policies

text: presiding

text: over

text: a

text: policy

text: of

text: nationalising

text: major

text: industries

text: and

text: utilities

text: including

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: England

text: coal

text: mining

text: the

text: steel

text: industry

text: electricity

text: gas

text: and

text: inland

text: transport

text: including

text: railways

text: road

text: haulage

text: and

text: canals

text: It

text: developed

text: and

text: implemented

text: the

text: cradle

text: to

text: grave

text: welfare

text: state

text: conceived

text: by

text: the

text: economist

text: William

text: Beveridge

text: To

text: this

text: day

text: the

text: party

text: considers

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: publicly

text: funded

text: National

text: Health

text: Service

text: NHS

text: under

text: health

text: minister

text: Aneurin

text: Bevan

text: its

text: proudest

text: achievement

text: Attlee

text: 's

text: government

text: also

text: began

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: dismantling

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: when

text: it

text: granted

text: independence

text: to

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: followed

text: by

text: Burma

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: Ceylon

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: At

text: a

text: secret

text: meeting

text: in

text: January

text: Attlee

text: and

text: six

text: cabinet

text: ministers

text: including

text: Foreign

text: Secretary

text: Ernest

text: Bevin

text: decided

text: to

text: proceed

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: programme

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: pacifist

text: and

text: anti

text: nuclear

text: stances

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: element

text: inside

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

question: Whose government was the least radical of the 20th century?

text: Clement Attlee

question: Who privatized major industries?

text: Clement Attlee

question: When was the British NHS destroyed?

question: Under what health minister was the NHS dismantled?

text: Aneurin Bevan

question: When did the British take control of Indian and Pakistan?


text: Other major sporting events include Thoroughbred and Quarter horse racing circuits at Remington Park and numerous horse shows and equine events that take place at the state fairgrounds each year. There are numerous golf courses and country clubs spread around the city.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Other

text: major

text: sporting

text: events

text: include

text: Thoroughbred

text: and

text: Quarter

text: horse

text: racing

text: circuits

text: at

text: Remington

text: Park

text: and

text: numerous

text: horse

text: shows

text: and

text: equine

text: events

text: that

text: take

text: place

text: at

text: the

text: state

text: fairgrounds

text: each

text: year

text: There

text: are

text: numerous

text: golf

text: courses

text: and

text: country

text: clubs

text: spread

text: around

text: the

text: city

question: What park hosts Quarter horse racing?

answer: Remington Park

text: Remington Park

question: Where are equine events hosted?

answer: state fairgrounds

text: state fairgrounds


text: Schwarzenegger has admitted to using performance-enhancing anabolic steroids while they were legal, writing in 1977 that "steroids were helpful to me in maintaining muscle size while on a strict diet in preparation for a contest. I did not use them for muscle growth, but rather for muscle maintenance when cutting up." He has called the drugs "tissue building."

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: has

text: admitted

text: to

text: using

text: performance

text: enhancing

text: anabolic

text: steroids

text: while

text: they

text: were

text: legal

text: writing

text: in

text: that

text: steroids

text: were

text: helpful

text: to

text: me

text: in

text: maintaining

text: muscle

text: size

text: while

text: on

text: a

text: strict

text: diet

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: a

text: contest

text: I

text: did

text: not

text: use

text: them

text: for

text: muscle

text: growth

text: but

text: rather

text: for

text: muscle

text: maintenance

text: when

text: cutting

text: up

text: He

text: has

text: called

text: the

text: drugs

text: tissue

text: building

question: In what year did Schwarzenegger write that he used anabolic steroid because they were "helpful"?

answer: 1977


text: At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe. This was a result of the migration policies essential to the Soviet Nationalisation Programme aiming to russify Estonia – administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from the USSR coupled with the deportation of Estonians to the USSR. In the decade following the reconstitution of independence, large-scale emigration by ethnic Russians and the removal of the Russian military bases in 1994 caused the proportion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61% to 69% in 2006.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Estonians

text: perceived

text: their

text: demographic

text: change

text: as

text: a

text: national

text: catastrophe

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: migration

text: policies

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Nationalisation

text: Programme

text: aiming

text: to

text: russify

text: Estonia

text: administrative

text: and

text: military

text: immigration

text: of

text: non

text: Estonians

text: from

text: the

text: USSR

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: deportation

text: of

text: Estonians

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: In

text: the

text: decade

text: following

text: the

text: reconstitution

text: of

text: independence

text: large

text: scale

text: emigration

text: by

text: ethnic

text: Russians

text: and

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: military

text: bases

text: in

text: caused

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Estonians

text: in

text: Estonia

text: to

text: increase

text: from

text: to

text: in

question: How did Estonians view the demographic change of less ethnic Estonians?

answer: a national catastrophe

text: a national catastrophe

question: What Russian institutions were removed in the decade following Estonia's reclaim of independence?

answer: Russian military bases

text: Russian military bases

question: What percentage of Estonians were ethnic in 2006?

answer: 69%


text: King County Metro provides frequent stop bus service within the city and surrounding county, as well as a South Lake Union Streetcar line between the South Lake Union neighborhood and Westlake Center in downtown. Seattle is one of the few cities in North America whose bus fleet includes electric trolleybuses. Sound Transit currently provides an express bus service within the metropolitan area; two Sounder commuter rail lines between the suburbs and downtown; its Central Link light rail line, which opened in 2009, between downtown and Sea-Tac Airport gives the city its first rapid transit line that has intermediate stops within the city limits. Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: King

text: County

text: Metro

text: provides

text: frequent

text: stop

text: bus

text: service

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: surrounding

text: county

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: South

text: Lake

text: Union

text: Streetcar

text: line

text: between

text: the

text: South

text: Lake

text: Union

text: neighborhood

text: and

text: Westlake

text: Center

text: in

text: downtown

text: Seattle

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: cities

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: whose

text: bus

text: fleet

text: includes

text: electric

text: trolleybuses

text: Sound

text: Transit

text: currently

text: provides

text: an

text: express

text: bus

text: service

text: within

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: two

text: Sounder

text: commuter

text: rail

text: lines

text: between

text: the

text: suburbs

text: and

text: downtown

text: its

text: Central

text: Link

text: light

text: rail

text: line

text: which

text: opened

text: in

text: between

text: downtown

text: and

text: Sea

text: Tac

text: Airport

text: gives

text: the

text: city

text: its

text: first

text: rapid

text: transit

text: line

text: that

text: has

text: intermediate

text: stops

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: Washington

text: State

text: Ferries

text: which

text: manages

text: the

text: largest

text: network

text: of

text: ferries

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: connects

text: Seattle

text: to

text: Bainbridge

text: and

text: Vashon

text: Islands

text: in

text: Puget

text: Sound

text: and

text: to

text: Bremerton

text: and

text: Southworth

text: on

text: the

text: Kitsap

text: Peninsula

question: What is Seattle's bus line called?

answer: King County Metro

text: King County Metro

question: What service runs between South Lake Union and Westlake Center?

answer: South Lake Union Streetcar

text: South Lake Union Streetcar

question: What organization runs the largest line of ferries in the US?

answer: Washington State Ferries

text: Washington State Ferries

question: How does the Seattle ferry line compare to the rest of the world?

answer: third largest

text: third largest

question: To what two islands does the ferry service connect?

answer: Bainbridge and Vashon

text: Bainbridge and Vashon


text: The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new. From his mother he gained the sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had a talent for engineering, maintained an experimental laboratory in his home, and delighted in repairing radios. When he was in grade school, he created a home burglar alarm system while his parents were out for the day running errands.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: The

text: young

text: Feynman

text: was

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: who

text: encouraged

text: him

text: to

text: ask

text: questions

text: to

text: challenge

text: orthodox

text: thinking

text: and

text: who

text: was

text: always

text: ready

text: to

text: teach

text: Feynman

text: something

text: new

text: From

text: his

text: mother

text: he

text: gained

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: humor

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: throughout

text: his

text: life

text: As

text: a

text: child

text: he

text: had

text: a

text: talent

text: for

text: engineering

text: maintained

text: an

text: experimental

text: laboratory

text: in

text: his

text: home

text: and

text: delighted

text: in

text: repairing

text: radios

text: When

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: grade

text: school

text: he

text: created

text: a

text: home

text: burglar

text: alarm

text: system

text: while

text: his

text: parents

text: were

text: out

text: for

text: the

text: day

text: running

text: errands

question: What personality trait did Feynman acquire from his mother?

answer: humor

text: humor

question: What person influenced Feynman to think deeply?

answer: father

text: father

question: What electronic instrument did Feynman repair as a child?

answer: radios

text: radios

question: As a grade school child he created an electronic device while his parents were away, what was it?

answer: home burglar alarm system

text: home burglar alarm system

question: What talent did Feynman have, even early in his childhood?

answer: engineering

text: engineering

question: What personality trait did Feynman hide from his mother?

text: humor

question: What person influenced Feynman to think shallow?

text: father

question: What electronic instrument did Feynman break as a child?

text: radios

question: What electronic device was Feynman restricted from building?

text: home burglar alarm system

question: What talent did Feynman develop only after his childhood?

text: engineering


text: An earthquake emergency relief team of 184 people (consisting of 12 people from the State Seismological Bureau, 150 from the Beijing Military Area Command, and 22 from the Armed Police General Hospital) left Beijing from Nanyuan Airport late May 12 in two military transport planes to travel to Wenchuan County.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: An

text: earthquake

text: emergency

text: relief

text: team

text: of

text: people

text: consisting

text: of

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: State

text: Seismological

text: Bureau

text: from

text: the

text: Beijing

text: Military

text: Area

text: Command

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Armed

text: Police

text: General

text: Hospital

text: left

text: Beijing

text: from

text: Nanyuan

text: Airport

text: late

text: May

text: in

text: two

text: military

text: transport

text: planes

text: to

text: travel

text: to

text: Wenchuan

text: County

question: How many people were in the earthquake emergency relief team?

answer: 184

question: How many of the relief team were from the State Seismological Bureau?

answer: 12

question: How many of the team were from the military?

answer: 150

question: How many of the team were from the police?

answer: 22

question: What kind of team left Beijing to go to Wenchuan?

answer: earthquake emergency relief

text: earthquake emergency relief

question: How many people comprised the relief team?

answer: 184

question: How many soldiers were from the Beijing Military?

answer: 150

question: Where did 22 of the relief team come from?

answer: Armed Police General Hospital

text: Armed Police General Hospital

question: How did the relief team travel to Wenchuan county?

answer: in two military transport planes

text: in two military transport planes


text: South Slavic dialects historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread in the western Balkans, intruding westwards into the area previously occupied by Chakavian and Kajkavian (which further blend into Slovenian in the northwest). Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural circles, although a large part of the nations have lived side by side under foreign overlords. During that period, the language was referred to under a variety of names, such as "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian", the latter often in combination with "Slavonian" or "Dalmatian".

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: South

text: Slavic

text: dialects

text: historically

text: formed

text: a

text: continuum

text: The

text: turbulent

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: particularly

text: due

text: to

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: patchwork

text: of

text: dialectal

text: and

text: religious

text: differences

text: Due

text: to

text: population

text: migrations

text: Shtokavian

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Balkans

text: intruding

text: westwards

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: previously

text: occupied

text: by

text: Chakavian

text: and

text: Kajkavian

text: which

text: further

text: blend

text: into

text: Slovenian

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: Bosniaks

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

text: differ

text: in

text: religion

text: and

text: were

text: historically

text: often

text: part

text: of

text: different

text: cultural

text: circles

text: although

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: have

text: lived

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: under

text: foreign

text: overlords

text: During

text: that

text: period

text: the

text: language

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: under

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: Slavic

text: Illyrian

text: or

text: according

text: to

text: region

text: Bosnian

text: Serbian

text: and

text: Croatian

text: the

text: latter

text: often

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: Slavonian

text: or

text: Dalmatian

question: What were some of the names given to language during period of foreign control?

answer: "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian"

text: "Slavic", "Illyrian", or according to region, "Bosnian", "Serbian" and "Croatian"

question: What specific historical event caused a group of religious and verbal differences in South Slavic dialect?

answer: expansion of the Ottoman Empire

text: expansion of the Ottoman Empire

question: Why was Shtokavian the most widespread culture in the western Balkans?

answer: population migrations

text: population migrations

question: What was historically formed by the Ottoman Empire?

text: a continuum

question: What happened due to expansion of Shtokavian?

question: Due to population change, what became widespread in Kajkavian?

text: Shtokavian

question: What dialect went into the area previously occupied by Bosniaks and Croats?

text: Shtokavian

question: What was the Ottoman Empire often a part of?

text: different cultural circles


text: The introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these systems began to mature into viable weapons systems. The US started an upgrade of their defences using the Nike Ajax missile, and soon the larger anti-aircraft guns disappeared. The same thing occurred in the USSR after the introduction of their SA-2 Guideline systems.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: guided

text: missile

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: significant

text: shift

text: in

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: strategy

text: Although

text: Germany

text: had

text: been

text: desperate

text: to

text: introduce

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: missile

text: systems

text: became

text: operational

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Following

text: several

text: years

text: of

text: post

text: war

text: development

text: however

text: these

text: systems

text: began

text: to

text: mature

text: into

text: viable

text: weapons

text: systems

text: The

text: US

text: started

text: an

text: upgrade

text: of

text: their

text: defences

text: using

text: the

text: Nike

text: Ajax

text: missile

text: and

text: soon

text: the

text: larger

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: guns

text: disappeared

text: The

text: same

text: thing

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: USSR

text: after

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: their

text: Guideline

text: systems

question: Which weapon caused a major shift in anti-aircraft strategy?

answer: guided missile

text: guided missile

question: Which company wanted to introduce missile systems during the second World War but was not successful?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What missile did the United States upgrade their defences with?

answer: the Nike Ajax missile

text: the Nike Ajax missile

question: The introduction of the Nike Ajax missile caused what to disappear?

answer: the larger anti-aircraft guns

text: the larger anti-aircraft guns

question: The introduction of what caused the larger anti-aircraft guns to disappear in the USSR?

answer: SA-2 Guideline systems

text: SA-2 Guideline systems


text: Under the Köppen climate classification, using the 0 °C (32 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, New York City itself experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Dfa). The area averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually, and averages 57% of possible sunshine annually, accumulating 2,535 hours of sunshine per annum. The city falls under USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Under

text: the

text: Köppen

text: climate

text: classification

text: using

text: the

text: C

text: F

text: coldest

text: month

text: January

text: isotherm

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: itself

text: experiences

text: a

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: Cfa

text: and

text: is

text: thus

text: the

text: northernmost

text: major

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: with

text: this

text: categorization

text: The

text: suburbs

text: to

text: the

text: immediate

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: transition

text: zone

text: from

text: a

text: humid

text: subtropical

text: Cfa

text: to

text: a

text: humid

text: continental

text: climate

text: Dfa

text: The

text: area

text: averages

text: days

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: some

text: sunshine

text: annually

text: and

text: averages

text: of

text: possible

text: sunshine

text: annually

text: accumulating

text: hours

text: of

text: sunshine

text: per

text: annum

text: The

text: city

text: falls

text: under

text: USDA

text: Plant

text: Hardiness

text: zone

question: What is the name of New York City's climate using the Köppen climate classification?

answer: humid subtropical

text: humid subtropical

question: How many sunny days does New York average each year?

answer: 234

question: How many hours of sunshine does New York receive every year?

answer: 2,535

question: The suburbs of the city lie between the humid subtropical and what other climate zone?

answer: humid continental

text: humid continental

question: What month in New York City is the coldest?

answer: January

text: January

question: What type of climate does NYC possess?

answer: humid subtropical

text: humid subtropical

question: How many days on average does NYC get sunshine annually?

answer: 234

question: What planting zone does the city land in?

answer: USDA 7b

text: USDA 7b


text: Knots do not necessarily influence the stiffness of structural timber, this will depend on the size and location. Stiffness and elastic strength are more dependent upon the sound wood than upon localized defects. The breaking strength is very susceptible to defects. Sound knots do not weaken wood when subject to compression parallel to the grain.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Knots

text: do

text: not

text: necessarily

text: influence

text: the

text: stiffness

text: of

text: structural

text: timber

text: this

text: will

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: size

text: and

text: location

text: Stiffness

text: and

text: elastic

text: strength

text: are

text: more

text: dependent

text: upon

text: the

text: sound

text: wood

text: than

text: upon

text: localized

text: defects

text: The

text: breaking

text: strength

text: is

text: very

text: susceptible

text: to

text: defects

text: Sound

text: knots

text: do

text: not

text: weaken

text: wood

text: when

text: subject

text: to

text: compression

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: grain

question: What is wood's breaking strength susceptible to?

answer: defects

text: defects

question: Depending on the placement and size of a knot, what property of structural timber can be affected?

answer: stiffness

text: stiffness

question: What do stiffness and elastic strength depend on more than defects?

answer: sound wood

text: sound wood

question: What direction of compression in relation to its grain won't weaken wood with sound knots in it?

answer: parallel

text: parallel


text: Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules for later use, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Certain bacterial species, such as the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, produce internal gas vesicles, which they use to regulate their buoyancy – allowing them to move up or down into water layers with different light intensities and nutrient levels. Intracellular membranes called chromatophores are also found in membranes of phototrophic bacteria. Used primarily for photosynthesis, they contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. An early idea was that bacteria might contain membrane folds termed mesosomes, but these were later shown to be artifacts produced by the chemicals used to prepare the cells for electron microscopy. Inclusions are considered to be nonliving components of the cell that do not possess metabolic activity and are not bounded by membranes. The most common inclusions are glycogen, lipid droplets, crystals, and pigments. Volutin granules are cytoplasmic inclusions of complexed inorganic polyphosphate. These granules are called metachromatic granules due to their displaying the metachromatic effect; they appear red or blue when stained with the blue dyes methylene blue or toluidine blue. Gas vacuoles, which are freely permeable to gas, are membrane-bound vesicles present in some species of Cyanobacteria. They allow the bacteria to control their buoyancy. Microcompartments are widespread, membrane-bound organelles that are made of a protein shell that surrounds and encloses various enzymes. Carboxysomes are bacterial microcompartments that contain enzymes involved in carbon fixation. Magnetosomes are bacterial microcompartments, present in magnetotactic bacteria, that contain magnetic crystals.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Some

text: bacteria

text: produce

text: intracellular

text: nutrient

text: storage

text: granules

text: for

text: later

text: use

text: such

text: as

text: glycogen

text: polyphosphate

text: sulfur

text: or

text: polyhydroxyalkanoates

text: Certain

text: bacterial

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: photosynthetic

text: Cyanobacteria

text: produce

text: internal

text: gas

text: vesicles

text: which

text: they

text: use

text: to

text: regulate

text: their

text: buoyancy

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: move

text: up

text: or

text: down

text: into

text: water

text: layers

text: with

text: different

text: light

text: intensities

text: and

text: nutrient

text: levels

text: Intracellular

text: membranes

text: called

text: chromatophores

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: membranes

text: of

text: phototrophic

text: bacteria

text: Used

text: primarily

text: for

text: photosynthesis

text: they

text: contain

text: bacteriochlorophyll

text: pigments

text: and

text: carotenoids

text: An

text: early

text: idea

text: was

text: that

text: bacteria

text: might

text: contain

text: membrane

text: folds

text: termed

text: mesosomes

text: but

text: these

text: were

text: later

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: artifacts

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: chemicals

text: used

text: to

text: prepare

text: the

text: cells

text: for

text: electron

text: microscopy

text: Inclusions

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: nonliving

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: possess

text: metabolic

text: activity

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: bounded

text: by

text: membranes

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: inclusions

text: are

text: glycogen

text: lipid

text: droplets

text: crystals

text: and

text: pigments

text: Volutin

text: granules

text: are

text: cytoplasmic

text: inclusions

text: of

text: complexed

text: inorganic

text: polyphosphate

text: These

text: granules

text: are

text: called

text: metachromatic

text: granules

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: displaying

text: the

text: metachromatic

text: effect

text: they

text: appear

text: red

text: or

text: blue

text: when

text: stained

text: with

text: the

text: blue

text: dyes

text: methylene

text: blue

text: or

text: toluidine

text: blue

text: Gas

text: vacuoles

text: which

text: are

text: freely

text: permeable

text: to

text: gas

text: are

text: membrane

text: bound

text: vesicles

text: present

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: Cyanobacteria

text: They

text: allow

text: the

text: bacteria

text: to

text: control

text: their

text: buoyancy

text: Microcompartments

text: are

text: widespread

text: membrane

text: bound

text: organelles

text: that

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: a

text: protein

text: shell

text: that

text: surrounds

text: and

text: encloses

text: various

text: enzymes

text: Carboxysomes

text: are

text: bacterial

text: microcompartments

text: that

text: contain

text: enzymes

text: involved

text: in

text: carbon

text: fixation

text: Magnetosomes

text: are

text: bacterial

text: microcompartments

text: present

text: in

text: magnetotactic

text: bacteria

text: that

text: contain

text: magnetic

text: crystals

question: What types of intracellar nutrient can bacteria produce?

answer: glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates

text: glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates

question: How does gas vesicles produced by Cyanobacteria help her to move in water?

answer: move up or down into water layers with different light intensities

text: move up or down into water layers with different light intensities

question: What are chromatophores used for?

answer: photosynthesis

text: photosynthesis

question: What are the most common nonliving compositions in bacteria?

answer: glycogen, lipid droplets, crystals, and pigments

text: glycogen, lipid droplets, crystals, and pigments

question: What gas vacuoles are respoonsible for in bacteria?

answer: to control their buoyancy

text: to control their buoyancy


text: Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous diseases and several types of damage. In humans, the effects of strokes and other types of brain damage have been a key source of information about brain function. Because there is no ability to experimentally control the nature of the damage, however, this information is often difficult to interpret. In animal studies, most commonly involving rats, it is possible to use electrodes or locally injected chemicals to produce precise patterns of damage and then examine the consequences for behavior.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Another

text: approach

text: to

text: brain

text: function

text: is

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: damage

text: to

text: specific

text: brain

text: areas

text: Even

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: protected

text: by

text: the

text: skull

text: and

text: meninges

text: surrounded

text: by

text: cerebrospinal

text: fluid

text: and

text: isolated

text: from

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: by

text: the

text: blood

text: brain

text: barrier

text: the

text: delicate

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: makes

text: it

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: numerous

text: diseases

text: and

text: several

text: types

text: of

text: damage

text: In

text: humans

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: strokes

text: and

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: brain

text: damage

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: key

text: source

text: of

text: information

text: about

text: brain

text: function

text: Because

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: ability

text: to

text: experimentally

text: control

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: damage

text: however

text: this

text: information

text: is

text: often

text: difficult

text: to

text: interpret

text: In

text: animal

text: studies

text: most

text: commonly

text: involving

text: rats

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: use

text: electrodes

text: or

text: locally

text: injected

text: chemicals

text: to

text: produce

text: precise

text: patterns

text: of

text: damage

text: and

text: then

text: examine

text: the

text: consequences

text: for

text: behavior

question: The brain is surrounded by what type of fluid?

answer: cerebrospinal fluid

text: cerebrospinal fluid

question: The brain is separated from the bloodstream by what feature?

answer: the blood–brain barrier

text: the blood–brain barrier

question: The two main structures that protect the brain are what?

answer: the skull and meninges

text: the skull and meninges

question: What type of disease if often studied to understand damage to the brain?

answer: strokes

text: strokes

question: What type of animal is most commonly used to study brain damage?

answer: rats

text: rats


text: Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists. The former are often too soft-toned to hold their own in a session (as well as having a tendency to not stay in place on the player's lap), whilst the latter tend to sound harsh and overbearing to the traditional ear. The f-hole mandolin, however, does come into its own in a traditional session, where its brighter tone cuts through the sonic clutter of a pub. Greatly preferred for formal performance and recording are flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins (reminiscent of the WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin) and carved (arch) top mandolins with oval soundholes, such as the Gibson A-style of the 1920s.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Though

text: almost

text: any

text: variety

text: of

text: acoustic

text: mandolin

text: might

text: be

text: adequate

text: for

text: Irish

text: traditional

text: music

text: virtually

text: all

text: Irish

text: players

text: prefer

text: flat

text: backed

text: instruments

text: with

text: oval

text: sound

text: holes

text: to

text: the

text: Italian

text: style

text: bowl

text: back

text: mandolins

text: or

text: the

text: carved

text: top

text: mandolins

text: with

text: f

text: holes

text: favoured

text: by

text: bluegrass

text: mandolinists

text: The

text: former

text: are

text: often

text: too

text: soft

text: toned

text: to

text: hold

text: their

text: own

text: in

text: a

text: session

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: having

text: a

text: tendency

text: to

text: not

text: stay

text: in

text: place

text: on

text: the

text: player

text: 's

text: lap

text: whilst

text: the

text: latter

text: tend

text: to

text: sound

text: harsh

text: and

text: overbearing

text: to

text: the

text: traditional

text: ear

text: The

text: f

text: hole

text: mandolin

text: however

text: does

text: come

text: into

text: its

text: own

text: in

text: a

text: traditional

text: session

text: where

text: its

text: brighter

text: tone

text: cuts

text: through

text: the

text: sonic

text: clutter

text: of

text: a

text: pub

text: Greatly

text: preferred

text: for

text: formal

text: performance

text: and

text: recording

text: are

text: flat

text: topped

text: Irish

text: style

text: mandolins

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: the

text: WWI

text: era

text: Martin

text: Army

text: Navy

text: mandolin

text: and

text: carved

text: arch

text: top

text: mandolins

text: with

text: oval

text: soundholes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Gibson

text: A

text: style

text: of

text: the

question: What types of instruments do irish player prefer?

answer: might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes

text: might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes

question: Why is it said that the Italian style can't hold their own session?

answer: too soft-toned

text: too soft-toned

question: Which type mandolin had a tendency not to stay in the player's lap?

answer: the carved-top mandolins with f-holes

text: the carved-top mandolins with f-holes

question: Which mandolin was preferred for formal performances and recordings?

answer: flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins

text: flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins

question: What was the Irish style mandolin reminiscent of?

answer: WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin

text: WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin

question: What types of instruments do Italian player prefer?

text: traditional music

question: Why is it said that the Italian style can hold their own session?

text: too soft-toned

question: Which type mandolin didn't have a tendency not to stay in the player's lap?

text: carved-top mandolins with f-holes

question: Which mandolin wasn't preferred for formal performances and recordings?

text: flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins

question: What was the Italian style mandolin reminiscent of?

text: WWI-era Martin Army-Navy


text: The Protoevangelium of James, an extra-canonical book, has been the source of many Orthodox beliefs on Mary. The account of Mary's life presented includes her consecration as a virgin at the temple at age three. The High Priest Zachariah blessed Mary and informed her that God had magnified her name among many generations. Zachariah placed Mary on the third step of the altar, whereby God gave her grace. While in the temple, Mary was miraculously fed by an angel, until she was twelve years old. At that point an angel told Zachariah to betroth Mary to a widower in Israel, who would be indicated. This story provides the theme of many hymns for the Feast of Presentation of Mary, and icons of the feast depict the story. The Orthodox believe that Mary was instrumental in the growth of Christianity during the life of Jesus, and after his Crucifixion, and Orthodox Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote: "The Virgin Mary is the center, invisible, but real, of the Apostolic Church."

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: The

text: Protoevangelium

text: of

text: James

text: an

text: extra

text: canonical

text: book

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: many

text: Orthodox

text: beliefs

text: on

text: Mary

text: The

text: account

text: of

text: Mary

text: 's

text: life

text: presented

text: includes

text: her

text: consecration

text: as

text: a

text: virgin

text: at

text: the

text: temple

text: at

text: age

text: three

text: The

text: High

text: Priest

text: Zachariah

text: blessed

text: Mary

text: and

text: informed

text: her

text: that

text: God

text: had

text: magnified

text: her

text: name

text: among

text: many

text: generations

text: Zachariah

text: placed

text: Mary

text: on

text: the

text: third

text: step

text: of

text: the

text: altar

text: whereby

text: God

text: gave

text: her

text: grace

text: While

text: in

text: the

text: temple

text: Mary

text: was

text: miraculously

text: fed

text: by

text: an

text: angel

text: until

text: she

text: was

text: twelve

text: years

text: old

text: At

text: that

text: point

text: an

text: angel

text: told

text: Zachariah

text: to

text: betroth

text: Mary

text: to

text: a

text: widower

text: in

text: Israel

text: who

text: would

text: be

text: indicated

text: This

text: story

text: provides

text: the

text: theme

text: of

text: many

text: hymns

text: for

text: the

text: Feast

text: of

text: Presentation

text: of

text: Mary

text: and

text: icons

text: of

text: the

text: feast

text: depict

text: the

text: story

text: The

text: Orthodox

text: believe

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: instrumental

text: in

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: Christianity

text: during

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: after

text: his

text: Crucifixion

text: and

text: Orthodox

text: Theologian

text: Sergei

text: Bulgakov

text: wrote

text: The

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: invisible

text: but

text: real

text: of

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: Church

question: What book is considered to be the source of many Orthodox beliefs regarding Mary?

answer: The Protoevangelium of James

text: The Protoevangelium of James

question: At what age was Mary consecrated?

answer: three

text: three

question: Which priest officiated at Mary's consecration?

answer: Zachariah

text: Zachariah

question: While Mary lived in the temple, who was said to have fed her?

answer: an angel

text: an angel

question: Who blessed The High Priest Zachariah?

text: Mary

question: On what step of the altar did Mary place herself on?

text: the third step

question: For how many years did Mary feed angels?

text: twelve years

question: Who wrote The Protoevangelium of James?

text: James

question: How old was Mary when she traveled to Israel?

text: twelve years old


text: The per capita income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medicine. For most Central Africans, the informal economy of the CAR is more important than the formal economy.[citation needed] Export trade is hindered by poor economic development and the country's landlocked position.[citation needed]

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: The

text: per

text: capita

text: income

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: is

text: often

text: listed

text: as

text: being

text: approximately

text: a

text: year

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: but

text: this

text: figure

text: is

text: based

text: mostly

text: on

text: reported

text: sales

text: of

text: exports

text: and

text: largely

text: ignores

text: the

text: unregistered

text: sale

text: of

text: foods

text: locally

text: produced

text: alcoholic

text: beverages

text: diamonds

text: ivory

text: bushmeat

text: and

text: traditional

text: medicine

text: For

text: most

text: Central

text: Africans

text: the

text: informal

text: economy

text: of

text: the

text: CAR

text: is

text: more

text: important

text: than

text: the

text: formal

text: economy.[citation

text: needed

text: Export

text: trade

text: is

text: hindered

text: by

text: poor

text: economic

text: development

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: landlocked

text: position.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the per capita income in CAR?

answer: $400 a year

text: $400 a year

question: How is the per capita income compared to the world?

answer: one of the lowest

text: one of the lowest

question: What gemstone comes from the CAR?

answer: diamonds

text: diamonds

question: Which item that poachers kill elephants for can be obtained in CAR?

answer: ivory

text: ivory

question: What hinders export?

answer: country's landlocked position

text: country's landlocked position

question: What is the amount of unregestered sale of foods per year listed as?

text: $400 a year

question: What does the poor economic development figure ignore?

question: For most people in the CAR what is per capita income more important than?

text: the formal economy

question: What is the unregistered sale of foods hindered by?

question: How is the informal economy compared to the world?

text: one of the lowest in the world


text: The Latin word templum originally referred not to the temple building itself, but to a sacred space surveyed and plotted ritually through augury: "The architecture of the ancient Romans was, from first to last, an art of shaping space around ritual." The Roman architect Vitruvius always uses the word templum to refer to this sacred precinct, and the more common Latin words aedes, delubrum, or fanum for a temple or shrine as a building. The ruins of temples are among the most visible monuments of ancient Roman culture.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: Latin

text: word

text: templum

text: originally

text: referred

text: not

text: to

text: the

text: temple

text: building

text: itself

text: but

text: to

text: a

text: sacred

text: space

text: surveyed

text: and

text: plotted

text: ritually

text: through

text: augury

text: The

text: architecture

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Romans

text: was

text: from

text: first

text: to

text: last

text: an

text: art

text: of

text: shaping

text: space

text: around

text: ritual

text: The

text: Roman

text: architect

text: Vitruvius

text: always

text: uses

text: the

text: word

text: templum

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: this

text: sacred

text: precinct

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: common

text: Latin

text: words

text: aedes

text: delubrum

text: or

text: fanum

text: for

text: a

text: temple

text: or

text: shrine

text: as

text: a

text: building

text: The

text: ruins

text: of

text: temples

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: visible

text: monuments

text: of

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: culture

question: Around what aspect did the Romans a lot space?

answer: ritual

text: ritual

question: What religious practice did Rome use to determine ritual?

answer: augury

text: augury

question: What Roman word was used to refer to the scared precinct?

answer: templum

text: templum

question: What common Latin words were used to mean a shrine or building?

answer: aedes, delubrum, or fanum

text: aedes, delubrum, or fanum

question: What monuments were the some of most visible of Roman culture?

answer: temples

text: temples


text: Despite their usurpation of imperial authority, the Fujiwara presided over a period of cultural and artistic flowering at the imperial court and among the aristocracy. There was great interest in graceful poetry and vernacular literature. Two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a simplified script that was developed by using parts of Chinese characters, was abbreviated to hiragana, a cursive syllabary with a distinct writing method that was uniquely Japanese. Hiragana gave written expression to the spoken word and, with it, to the rise in Japan's famous vernacular literature, much of it written by court women who had not been trained in Chinese as had their male counterparts. Three late tenth century and early eleventh century women presented their views of life and romance at the Heian court in Kagerō Nikki by "the mother of Fujiwara Michitsuna", The Pillow Book by Sei Shōnagon and The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu. Indigenous art also flourished under the Fujiwara after centuries of imitating Chinese forms. Vividly colored yamato-e, Japanese style paintings of court life and stories about temples and shrines became common in the mid- and late Heian periods, setting patterns for Japanese art to this day.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: Despite

text: their

text: usurpation

text: of

text: imperial

text: authority

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: presided

text: over

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: cultural

text: and

text: artistic

text: flowering

text: at

text: the

text: imperial

text: court

text: and

text: among

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: There

text: was

text: great

text: interest

text: in

text: graceful

text: poetry

text: and

text: vernacular

text: literature

text: Two

text: types

text: of

text: phonetic

text: Japanese

text: script

text: katakana

text: a

text: simplified

text: script

text: that

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: using

text: parts

text: of

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: was

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: hiragana

text: a

text: cursive

text: syllabary

text: with

text: a

text: distinct

text: writing

text: method

text: that

text: was

text: uniquely

text: Japanese

text: Hiragana

text: gave

text: written

text: expression

text: to

text: the

text: spoken

text: word

text: and

text: with

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: in

text: Japan

text: 's

text: famous

text: vernacular

text: literature

text: much

text: of

text: it

text: written

text: by

text: court

text: women

text: who

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: trained

text: in

text: Chinese

text: as

text: had

text: their

text: male

text: counterparts

text: Three

text: late

text: tenth

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: eleventh

text: century

text: women

text: presented

text: their

text: views

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: romance

text: at

text: the

text: Heian

text: court

text: in

text: Kagerō

text: Nikki

text: by

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Fujiwara

text: Michitsuna

text: The

text: Pillow

text: Book

text: by

text: Sei

text: Shōnagon

text: and

text: The

text: Tale

text: of

text: Genji

text: by

text: Murasaki

text: Shikibu

text: Indigenous

text: art

text: also

text: flourished

text: under

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: after

text: centuries

text: of

text: imitating

text: Chinese

text: forms

text: Vividly

text: colored

text: yamato

text: e

text: Japanese

text: style

text: paintings

text: of

text: court

text: life

text: and

text: stories

text: about

text: temples

text: and

text: shrines

text: became

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: mid-

text: and

text: late

text: Heian

text: periods

text: setting

text: patterns

text: for

text: Japanese

text: art

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: What script was developed with parts of Chinese characters?

answer: katakana

text: katakana

question: What was the name of the cursive script that gave expression to spoken words?

answer: hiragana

text: hiragana

question: Who is the author of The Pillow Book?

answer: Sei Shōnagon

text: Sei Shōnagon

question: Who is the author of The Tale of Genji?

answer: Murasaki Shikibu

text: Murasaki Shikibu

question: What was the name of the brightly colored paintings depicting court life?

answer: yamato-e

text: yamato-e

question: What declined while the Fujiwara controled the imperial court?

text: cultural

question: Where did Japan borrow the writting style of hiragana from?

text: Chinese characters

question: What writting style led to a decline in Japan's vernacular literature?

text: Hiragana

question: What was written by court women trained in Chinese?

text: Japan's famous vernacular literature

question: What still influences Chinese art today?


text: This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Polish forces spearheaded by the Polish king Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. The alliance of the Holy League pressed home the advantage of the defeat at Vienna, culminating in the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699), which ended the Great Turkish War. The Ottomans surrendered control of significant territories, many permanently. Mustafa II (1695–1703) led the counterattack of 1695–96 against the Habsburgs in Hungary, but was undone at the disastrous defeat at Zenta (in modern Serbia), 11 September 1697.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: This

text: period

text: of

text: renewed

text: assertiveness

text: came

text: to

text: a

text: calamitous

text: end

text: in

text: May

text: when

text: Grand

text: Vizier

text: Kara

text: Mustafa

text: Pasha

text: led

text: a

text: huge

text: army

text: to

text: attempt

text: a

text: second

text: Ottoman

text: siege

text: of

text: Vienna

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

text: The

text: final

text: assault

text: being

text: fatally

text: delayed

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: forces

text: were

text: swept

text: away

text: by

text: allied

text: Habsburg

text: German

text: and

text: Polish

text: forces

text: spearheaded

text: by

text: the

text: Polish

text: king

text: Jan

text: III

text: Sobieski

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Vienna

text: The

text: alliance

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: League

text: pressed

text: home

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: defeat

text: at

text: Vienna

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Karlowitz

text: January

text: which

text: ended

text: the

text: Great

text: Turkish

text: War

text: The

text: Ottomans

text: surrendered

text: control

text: of

text: significant

text: territories

text: many

text: permanently

text: Mustafa

text: II

text: led

text: the

text: counterattack

text: of

text: against

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: in

text: Hungary

text: but

text: was

text: undone

text: at

text: the

text: disastrous

text: defeat

text: at

text: Zenta

text: in

text: modern

text: Serbia

text: September

question: Which Grand Vizier attempted a siege of Vienna in 1683?

answer: Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha

text: Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha

question: What was the war that took place from 1683 to 1687 known as?

answer: the Great Turkish War

text: the Great Turkish War

question: Which polish king led the fight against the Ottoman empire in the Battle of Vienna?

answer: Jan III Sobieski

text: Jan III Sobieski

question: What was the alliance against the late 17th century Ottoman empire known as?

answer: the Holy League

text: the Holy League

question: What treaty was signed 26 January 1699?

answer: Treaty of Karlowitz

text: Treaty of Karlowitz


text: In contrast, some emerging software disciplines such as extreme programming and the agile software development movement, adhere to a "test-driven software development" model. In this process, unit tests are written first, by the software engineers (often with pair programming in the extreme programming methodology). Of course these tests fail initially; as they are expected to. Then as code is written it passes incrementally larger portions of the test suites. The test suites are continuously updated as new failure conditions and corner cases are discovered, and they are integrated with any regression tests that are developed. Unit tests are maintained along with the rest of the software source code and generally integrated into the build process (with inherently interactive tests being relegated to a partially manual build acceptance process). The ultimate goal of this test process is to achieve continuous integration where software updates can be published to the public frequently.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: In

text: contrast

text: some

text: emerging

text: software

text: disciplines

text: such

text: as

text: extreme

text: programming

text: and

text: the

text: agile

text: software

text: development

text: movement

text: adhere

text: to

text: a

text: test

text: driven

text: software

text: development

text: model

text: In

text: this

text: process

text: unit

text: tests

text: are

text: written

text: first

text: by

text: the

text: software

text: engineers

text: often

text: with

text: pair

text: programming

text: in

text: the

text: extreme

text: programming

text: methodology

text: Of

text: course

text: these

text: tests

text: fail

text: initially

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: Then

text: as

text: code

text: is

text: written

text: it

text: passes

text: incrementally

text: larger

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: test

text: suites

text: The

text: test

text: suites

text: are

text: continuously

text: updated

text: as

text: new

text: failure

text: conditions

text: and

text: corner

text: cases

text: are

text: discovered

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: integrated

text: with

text: any

text: regression

text: tests

text: that

text: are

text: developed

text: Unit

text: tests

text: are

text: maintained

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: software

text: source

text: code

text: and

text: generally

text: integrated

text: into

text: the

text: build

text: process

text: with

text: inherently

text: interactive

text: tests

text: being

text: relegated

text: to

text: a

text: partially

text: manual

text: build

text: acceptance

text: process

text: The

text: ultimate

text: goal

text: of

text: this

text: test

text: process

text: is

text: to

text: achieve

text: continuous

text: integration

text: where

text: software

text: updates

text: can

text: be

text: published

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: frequently

question: Which two current movements adhere to the "test-driven software development"?

answer: extreme programming and the agile software development

text: extreme programming and the agile software development

question: Under the development of agile software and extreme programing what is written first?

answer: unit tests are written first

text: unit tests are written first

question: What is the goal of Unit testing?

answer: achieve continuous integration where software updates can be published to the public frequently

text: achieve continuous integration where software updates can be published to the public frequently

question: Which two old movements adhere to the "test-driven software development?"

question: Under the development of fragile software and extreme programming what is written first?

text: unit tests are written first

question: The goal of unit testing is to achieve discontinuous integration where software updates can be what?

text: published to the public frequently


text: Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during the months of November, December and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period. In late fall and early winter, atmospheric rivers (also known as "Pineapple Express" systems), strong frontal systems, and Pacific low pressure systems are common. Light rain & drizzle are the predominant forms of precipitation during the remainder of the year; for instance, on average, less than 1.6 in (41 mm) of rain falls in July and August combined when rain is rare. On occasion, Seattle experiences somewhat more significant weather events. One such event occurred on December 2–4, 2007, when sustained hurricane-force winds and widespread heavy rainfall associated with a strong Pineapple Express event occurred in the greater Puget Sound area and the western parts of Washington and Oregon. Precipitation totals exceeded 13.8 in (350 mm) in some areas with winds topping out at 209 km/h (130 mph) along coastal Oregon. It became the second wettest event in Seattle history when a little over 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain fell on Seattle in a 24-hour period. Lack of adaptation to the heavy rain contributed to five deaths and widespread flooding and damage.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: Seattle

text: experiences

text: its

text: heaviest

text: rainfall

text: during

text: the

text: months

text: of

text: November

text: December

text: and

text: January

text: receiving

text: roughly

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: annual

text: rainfall

text: by

text: volume

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: In

text: late

text: fall

text: and

text: early

text: winter

text: atmospheric

text: rivers

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Pineapple

text: Express

text: systems

text: strong

text: frontal

text: systems

text: and

text: Pacific

text: low

text: pressure

text: systems

text: are

text: common

text: Light

text: rain

text: drizzle

text: are

text: the

text: predominant

text: forms

text: of

text: precipitation

text: during

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: for

text: instance

text: on

text: average

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: mm

text: of

text: rain

text: falls

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: combined

text: when

text: rain

text: is

text: rare

text: On

text: occasion

text: Seattle

text: experiences

text: somewhat

text: more

text: significant

text: weather

text: events

text: One

text: such

text: event

text: occurred

text: on

text: December

text: when

text: sustained

text: hurricane

text: force

text: winds

text: and

text: widespread

text: heavy

text: rainfall

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: strong

text: Pineapple

text: Express

text: event

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: greater

text: Puget

text: Sound

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: parts

text: of

text: Washington

text: and

text: Oregon

text: Precipitation

text: totals

text: exceeded

text: in

text: mm

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: with

text: winds

text: topping

text: out

text: at

text: km

text: h

text: mph

text: along

text: coastal

text: Oregon

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: second

text: wettest

text: event

text: in

text: Seattle

text: history

text: when

text: a

text: little

text: over

text: mm

text: in

text: of

text: rain

text: fell

text: on

text: Seattle

text: in

text: a

text: period

text: Lack

text: of

text: adaptation

text: to

text: the

text: heavy

text: rain

text: contributed

text: to

text: five

text: deaths

text: and

text: widespread

text: flooding

text: and

text: damage

question: What type of weather does Seattle have in the winter months?

answer: heaviest rainfall

text: heaviest rainfall

question: What quantity of yearly rainfall does Seattle have during the winter?

answer: half

text: half

question: What are atmospheric rivers called  in the Seattle area?

answer: Pineapple Express

text: Pineapple Express

question: When did Seattle have hurricane type winds and heavy rains?

answer: December 2–4, 2007

text: December 2–4, 2007

question: How many deaths occurred during the 2007  heavy rains?

answer: five deaths

text: five deaths


text: Some international railway services to Continental Europe were operated during the 20th century as boat trains, such as the Admiraal de Ruijter to Amsterdam and the Night Ferry to Paris and Brussels. The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 connected London directly to the continental rail network, allowing Eurostar services to begin. Since 2007, high-speed trains link St. Pancras International with Lille, Paris, Brussels and European tourist destinations via the High Speed 1 rail link and the Channel Tunnel. The first high-speed domestic trains started in June 2009 linking Kent to London. There are plans for a second high speed line linking London to the Midlands, North West England, and Yorkshire.

title: London

title: London

text: Some

text: international

text: railway

text: services

text: to

text: Continental

text: Europe

text: were

text: operated

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: boat

text: trains

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Admiraal

text: de

text: Ruijter

text: to

text: Amsterdam

text: and

text: the

text: Night

text: Ferry

text: to

text: Paris

text: and

text: Brussels

text: The

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: Channel

text: Tunnel

text: in

text: connected

text: London

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: continental

text: rail

text: network

text: allowing

text: Eurostar

text: services

text: to

text: begin

text: Since

text: high

text: speed

text: trains

text: link

text: St.

text: Pancras

text: International

text: with

text: Lille

text: Paris

text: Brussels

text: and

text: European

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: via

text: the

text: High

text: Speed

text: rail

text: link

text: and

text: the

text: Channel

text: Tunnel

text: The

text: first

text: high

text: speed

text: domestic

text: trains

text: started

text: in

text: June

text: linking

text: Kent

text: to

text: London

text: There

text: are

text: plans

text: for

text: a

text: second

text: high

text: speed

text: line

text: linking

text: London

text: to

text: the

text: Midlands

text: North

text: West

text: England

text: and

text: Yorkshire

question: In the 20th century the Night Ferry was a boat train that provided connections between London and which cities?

answer: Paris and Brussels

text: Paris and Brussels

question: London is directly connected to continental Europe through what rail service?

answer: Eurostar

text: Eurostar

question: In what year did the Channel Tunnel open?

answer: 1994

question: St. Pancras International is linked to Paris and other popular European tourist destinations via what method of transportation?

answer: high-speed trains

text: high-speed trains

question: When did local high speed rail service that linked London and Kent begin?

answer: June 2009

text: June 2009


text: Following the Protestant Reformation, promoted by local reformer Martin Bucer, the principle of cuius regio, eius religio led to a certain amount of religious diversity in the highlands of northern Alsace. Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property. Many accepted without discrimination Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists. Multiconfessional villages appeared, particularly in the region of Alsace bossue. Alsace became one of the French regions boasting a thriving Jewish community, and the only region with a noticeable Anabaptist population. The schism of the Amish under the lead of Jacob Amman from the Mennonites occurred in 1693 in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. The strongly Catholic Louis XIV tried in vain to drive them from Alsace. When Napoleon imposed military conscription without religious exception, most emigrated to the American continent.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: Following

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: promoted

text: by

text: local

text: reformer

text: Martin

text: Bucer

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: cuius

text: regio

text: eius

text: religio

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: religious

text: diversity

text: in

text: the

text: highlands

text: of

text: northern

text: Alsace

text: Landowners

text: who

text: as

text: local

text: lords

text: had

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: decide

text: which

text: religion

text: was

text: allowed

text: on

text: their

text: land

text: were

text: eager

text: to

text: entice

text: populations

text: from

text: the

text: more

text: attractive

text: lowlands

text: to

text: settle

text: and

text: develop

text: their

text: property

text: Many

text: accepted

text: without

text: discrimination

text: Catholics

text: Lutherans

text: Calvinists

text: Jews

text: and

text: Anabaptists

text: Multiconfessional

text: villages

text: appeared

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Alsace

text: bossue

text: Alsace

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: regions

text: boasting

text: a

text: thriving

text: Jewish

text: community

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: region

text: with

text: a

text: noticeable

text: Anabaptist

text: population

text: The

text: schism

text: of

text: the

text: Amish

text: under

text: the

text: lead

text: of

text: Jacob

text: Amman

text: from

text: the

text: Mennonites

text: occurred

text: in

text: in

text: Sainte

text: Marie

text: aux

text: Mines

text: The

text: strongly

text: Catholic

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: tried

text: in

text: vain

text: to

text: drive

text: them

text: from

text: Alsace

text: When

text: Napoleon

text: imposed

text: military

text: conscription

text: without

text: religious

text: exception

text: most

text: emigrated

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: continent

question: What were landowners also known as that had a right to decide which religion was allowed on their property?

answer: local lords

text: local lords

question: Which groups or religions were greatly accepted in Alsace?

answer: Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists

text: Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists

question: Which group did Louis XIV tried push out of Alsace?

answer: Amish

text: Amish

question: When did the Anabaptists split?

question: Who tried to remove Jews from Alsace?

text: Louis XIV

question: What was Napoleon's primary religion?

text: Catholic

question: What was the name of the Amish reformer?

text: Martin Bucer

question: What edict by Louis XIV caused many to move to the US?


text: His next theatrical release in that same year was the World War II film Saving Private Ryan, about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Capt. Miller (Tom Hanks) sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours, June 5–6, of the Normandy landing. The film was a huge box office success, grossing over $481 million worldwide and was the biggest film of the year at the North American box office (worldwide it made second place after Michael Bay's Armageddon). Spielberg won his second Academy Award for his direction. The film's graphic, realistic depiction of combat violence influenced later war films such as Black Hawk Down and Enemy at the Gates. The film was also the first major hit for DreamWorks, which co-produced the film with Paramount Pictures (as such, it was Spielberg's first release from the latter that was not part of the Indiana Jones series). Later, Spielberg and Tom Hanks produced a TV mini-series based on Stephen Ambrose's book Band of Brothers. The ten-part HBO mini-series follows Easy Company of the 101st Airborne Division's 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The series won a number of awards at the Golden Globes and the Emmys.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: His

text: next

text: theatrical

text: release

text: in

text: that

text: same

text: year

text: was

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: film

text: Saving

text: Private

text: Ryan

text: about

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: U.S.

text: soldiers

text: led

text: by

text: Capt

text: Miller

text: Tom

text: Hanks

text: sent

text: to

text: bring

text: home

text: a

text: paratrooper

text: whose

text: three

text: older

text: brothers

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: twenty

text: four

text: hours

text: June

text: of

text: the

text: Normandy

text: landing

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: a

text: huge

text: box

text: office

text: success

text: grossing

text: over

text: million

text: worldwide

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: biggest

text: film

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: at

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: box

text: office

text: worldwide

text: it

text: made

text: second

text: place

text: after

text: Michael

text: Bay

text: 's

text: Armageddon

text: Spielberg

text: won

text: his

text: second

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: his

text: direction

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: graphic

text: realistic

text: depiction

text: of

text: combat

text: violence

text: influenced

text: later

text: war

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: Black

text: Hawk

text: Down

text: and

text: Enemy

text: at

text: the

text: Gates

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: hit

text: for

text: DreamWorks

text: which

text: co

text: produced

text: the

text: film

text: with

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: as

text: such

text: it

text: was

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: first

text: release

text: from

text: the

text: latter

text: that

text: was

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: series

text: Later

text: Spielberg

text: and

text: Tom

text: Hanks

text: produced

text: a

text: TV

text: mini

text: series

text: based

text: on

text: Stephen

text: Ambrose

text: 's

text: book

text: Band

text: of

text: Brothers

text: The

text: ten

text: part

text: HBO

text: mini

text: series

text: follows

text: Easy

text: Company

text: of

text: the

text: Airborne

text: Division

text: 's

text: Parachute

text: Infantry

text: Regiment

text: The

text: series

text: won

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: awards

text: at

text: the

text: Golden

text: Globes

text: and

text: the

text: Emmys

question: Who did Tom Hanks play in 'Saving Private Ryan'?

answer: Capt. Miller

text: Capt. Miller

question: What war was 'Saving Private Ryan' about?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: How much did 'Saving Private Ryan' earn?

answer: over $481 million worldwide

text: over $481 million worldwide

question: Which film beat 'Saving Private Ryan' worldwide?

answer: Armageddon

text: Armageddon

question: Who directed 'Armageddon'?

answer: Michael Bay

text: Michael Bay

question: What was Tom Hanks first movie?

text: Saving Private Ryan

question: How much did Saving Private Ryan earn in America?

text: $481 million

question: How much did Armageddon make in the US?

text: $481 million

question: Which studio produced Armageddon?

text: Paramount Pictures

question: Who directed Enemy at the Gates?

text: Michael Bay