text: While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: While

text: they

text: have

text: played

text: in

text: suburban

text: Foxborough

text: since

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: Patriots

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: were

text: founded

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Boston

text: Patriots

text: changing

text: their

text: name

text: after

text: relocating

text: The

text: team

text: won

text: the

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: after

text: the

text: and

text: seasons

text: They

text: share

text: Gillette

text: Stadium

text: with

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: Revolution

text: of

text: Major

text: League

text: Soccer

text: The

text: Boston

text: Breakers

text: of

text: Women

text: 's

text: Professional

text: Soccer

text: which

text: formed

text: in

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Dilboy

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Somerville

question: What league do the new England patriots belong to?

answer: the National Football League

text: the National Football League

question: What year were the new England patriots founded in?

answer: 1960

question: What was the original name of the new England patriots?

answer: Boston Patriots

text: Boston Patriots

question: When dod the Boston patriots change their name?

answer: after relocating

text: after relocating

question: What stadium do the patriots play in?

answer: Gillette Stadium

text: Gillette Stadium


text: Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323 and declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567) that the Council of Trent (1545–63)—which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine—instead declined to take a position.

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: Popular

text: opinion

text: remained

text: firmly

text: behind

text: the

text: celebration

text: of

text: Mary

text: 's

text: conception

text: In

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Basel

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: reckoned

text: an

text: ecumenical

text: council

text: stated

text: that

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: immaculate

text: conception

text: of

text: Mary

text: is

text: in

text: accord

text: with

text: the

text: Catholic

text: faith

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: belief

text: was

text: widely

text: professed

text: and

text: taught

text: in

text: many

text: theological

text: faculties

text: but

text: such

text: was

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Dominicans

text: and

text: the

text: weight

text: of

text: the

text: arguments

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: canonised

text: in

text: and

text: declared

text: Doctor

text: Angelicus

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Trent

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: expected

text: to

text: affirm

text: the

text: doctrine

text: instead

text: declined

text: to

text: take

text: a

text: position

question: Where did the mass majority stand in relation to having or not having the Mary inception festivals ?

answer: Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception.

text: Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception.

question: How did the Holy Roman Church rule on the matter of the festivals ?

answer: stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith.

text: stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith.

question: Was the practce behind the meaning of the Mary inception festivals taught at Universities of theology ?

answer: end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties

text: end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties

question: In what year was the famous friar named Tom given a position as a saint of the Holy Roman Catholic Church ?

answer: Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323

text: Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323

question: What happened to Tom at one of the 1567 that changed his title ?

answer: declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567

text: declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567

question: What celebration did popular opinion oppose?

text: Mary's conception

question: Who said that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is not in accord with Catholic belief?

text: Council of Basel,

question: What counsel was held in the fourteenth century?

text: Council of Basel

question: What belief was taught in many theological facilities by the 1500s?

question: What counsel held between 1545 and 1563 affirmed the doctrine?

text: Council of Trent


text: Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Adult

text: contemporary

text: is

text: heavy

text: on

text: romantic

text: sentimental

text: ballads

text: which

text: mostly

text: use

text: acoustic

text: instruments

text: though

text: bass

text: guitar

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: such

text: as

text: acoustic

text: guitars

text: pianos

text: saxophones

text: and

text: sometimes

text: an

text: orchestral

text: set

text: The

text: electric

text: guitars

text: are

text: normally

text: faint

text: and

text: high

text: pitched

text: However

text: recent

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: music

text: may

text: usually

text: feature

text: synthesizers

text: and

text: other

text: electronics

text: such

text: as

text: drum

text: machines

question: What type of song is frequently seen in the adult contemporary genre?

answer: romantic sentimental ballads

text: romantic sentimental ballads

question: Along with synthesizers, what electronic instruments sometimes appear in modern adult contemporary?

answer: drum machines

text: drum machines

question: What general type of instruments tend to be used in adult contemporary?

answer: acoustic

text: acoustic

question: What electric instrument is often seen in adult contemporary?

answer: bass guitar

text: bass guitar

question: Along with being faint, what characteristic is usually present in electric guitars used in adult contemporary?

answer: high-pitched

text: high-pitched


text: Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Polytechnic

text: schools

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: academic

text: universities

text: in

text: Finland

text: Ammattikorkeakoulu

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: term

text: in

text: Finland

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: Swedish

text: alternative

text: yrkeshögskola

text: their

text: focus

text: is

text: on

text: studies

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: degree

text: for

text: instance

text: insinööri

text: engineer

text: in

text: international

text: use

text: Bachelor

text: of

text: Engineering

text: in

text: kind

text: different

text: from

text: but

text: in

text: level

text: comparable

text: to

text: an

text: academic

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: awarded

text: by

text: a

text: university

text: Since

text: the

text: polytechnics

text: have

text: offered

text: studies

text: leading

text: to

text: master

text: 's

text: degrees

text: Master

text: of

text: Engineering

text: After

text: January

text: some

text: Finnish

text: ammattikorkeakoulus

text: switched

text: the

text: English

text: term

text: polytechnic

text: to

text: the

text: term

text: university

text: of

text: applied

text: sciences

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: translations

text: of

text: their

text: legal

text: names

text: The

text: ammattikorkeakoulu

text: has

text: many

text: similarities

text: to

text: the

text: hogeschool

text: in

text: Belgium

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Fachhochschule

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: areas

question: In what country are polytechnic schools designated uniquely from academic universities?

answer: Finland

text: Finland

question: What word means polytechnic school in Finnish?

answer: ammattikorkeakoulus

text: ammattikorkeakoulus

question: What's the Swedish word for a polytechnic school?

answer: yrkeshögskola

text: yrkeshögskola


text: Solar power is anticipated to become the world's largest source of electricity by 2050, with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power contributing 16 and 11 percent to the global overall consumption, respectively.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Solar

text: power

text: is

text: anticipated

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: source

text: of

text: electricity

text: by

text: with

text: solar

text: photovoltaics

text: and

text: concentrated

text: solar

text: power

text: contributing

text: and

text: percent

text: to

text: the

text: global

text: overall

text: consumption

text: respectively

question: By what year is solar power expected to become the world's greatest source of electricity?

answer: 2050

question: When is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity?

answer: 2050


text: In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France", and "laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall". Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks, "and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park". "The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry". "By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production", with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving "continue(d) in good order".

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: In

text: Claridge

text: obtained

text: patents

text: in

text: Scotland

text: on

text: March

text: and

text: Ireland

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: in

text: extensions

text: were

text: sought

text: for

text: all

text: three

text: patents

text: by

text: the

text: trustees

text: of

text: a

text: company

text: previously

text: formed

text: by

text: Claridge

text: This

text: was

text: Claridge

text: 's

text: Patent

text: Asphalte

text: Company

text: formed

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: introducing

text: to

text: Britain

text: Asphalte

text: in

text: its

text: natural

text: state

text: from

text: the

text: mine

text: at

text: Pyrimont

text: Seysell

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: laid

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: asphalt

text: pavements

text: in

text: Whitehall

text: Trials

text: were

text: made

text: of

text: the

text: pavement

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: footway

text: in

text: Whitehall

text: the

text: stable

text: at

text: Knightsbridge

text: Barracks

text: and

text: subsequently

text: on

text: the

text: space

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: steps

text: leading

text: from

text: Waterloo

text: Place

text: to

text: St.

text: James

text: Park

text: The

text: formation

text: in

text: of

text: Claridge

text: 's

text: Patent

text: Asphalte

text: Company

text: with

text: a

text: distinguished

text: list

text: of

text: aristocratic

text: patrons

text: and

text: Marc

text: and

text: Isambard

text: Brunel

text: as

text: respectively

text: a

text: trustee

text: and

text: consulting

text: engineer

text: gave

text: an

text: enormous

text: impetus

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: a

text: British

text: asphalt

text: industry

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: other

text: companies

text: Robinson

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: Bastenne

text: company

text: were

text: in

text: production

text: with

text: asphalt

text: being

text: laid

text: as

text: paving

text: at

text: Brighton

text: Herne

text: Bay

text: Canterbury

text: Kensington

text: the

text: Strand

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: floor

text: area

text: in

text: Bunhill

text: row

text: while

text: meantime

text: Claridge

text: 's

text: Whitehall

text: paving

text: continue(d

text: in

text: good

text: order

question: In what year did Claridge acquire patents for the use of asphalt?

answer: 1838

question: From what French mine did Claridge offer asphalt?

answer: Pyrimont Seysell

text: Pyrimont Seysell

question: What did Claridge's formation of a company with distinguished backers help inspire?

answer: British asphalt industry

text: British asphalt industry

question: In what famous place did Claridge first begin to lay and test the use of asphalt pavement?

answer: Whitehall

text: Whitehall

question: By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt?

answer: two

text: two

question: For how many patents did Claridge seek extensions in 1822?

text: three

question: The Canterbury Patent Asphalte Company was established in what year?

question: Who's Patent Asphalte Company was established in 1988?

text: Claridge's

question: What were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway of Canterbury?

text: Trials


text: Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Soft

text: rock

text: reached

text: its

text: commercial

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: with

text: acts

text: such

text: as

text: Toto

text: England

text: Dan

text: John

text: Ford

text: Coley

text: Air

text: Supply

text: Seals

text: and

text: Crofts

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: reformed

text: Fleetwood

text: Mac

text: whose

text: Rumours

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: By

text: some

text: radio

text: stations

text: like

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: WTFM

text: and

text: NBC

text: owned

text: WYNY

text: had

text: switched

text: to

text: an

text: all

text: soft

text: rock

text: format

text: By

text: the

text: tastes

text: had

text: changed

text: and

text: radio

text: formats

text: reflected

text: this

text: change

text: including

text: musical

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Journey

text: Walter

text: Sabo

text: and

text: his

text: team

text: at

text: NBC

text: brought

text: in

text: major

text: personalities

text: from

text: the

text: AM

text: Band

text: to

text: the

text: FM

text: Band

text: taking

text: the

text: format

text: from

text: a

text: background

text: to

text: a

text: foreground

text: listening

text: experience

text: The

text: addition

text: of

text: major

text: radio

text: stars

text: such

text: as

text: Dan

text: Daniel

text: Steve

text: O'Brien

text: Dick

text: Summers

text: Don

text: Bleu

text: and

text: Tom

text: Parker

text: made

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: fully

text: monetize

text: the

text: format

text: and

text: provide

text: the

text: foundation

text: for

text: financial

text: success

text: enjoyed

text: to

text: this

text: day

question: During what period was adult contemporary its most commercially successful?

answer: the mid-to-late 1970s

text: the mid-to-late 1970s

question: What artist released the best selling album of the 1970s?

answer: Fleetwood Mac

text: Fleetwood Mac

question: In what year was the best selling album of the 1970s released?

answer: 1977

question: What radio stationed owned by NBC played only soft rock?

answer: WYNY

text: WYNY

question: Who was a prominent figure at NBC's radio division?

answer: Walter Sabo

text: Walter Sabo


text: The renewal of learning in Europe, that began with 12th century Scholasticism, came to an end about the time of the Black Death, and the initial period of the subsequent Italian Renaissance is sometimes seen as a lull in scientific activity. The Northern Renaissance, on the other hand, showed a decisive shift in focus from Aristoteleian natural philosophy to chemistry and the biological sciences (botany, anatomy, and medicine). Thus modern science in Europe was resumed in a period of great upheaval: the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation; the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus; the Fall of Constantinople; but also the re-discovery of Aristotle during the Scholastic period presaged large social and political changes. Thus, a suitable environment was created in which it became possible to question scientific doctrine, in much the same way that Martin Luther and John Calvin questioned religious doctrine. The works of Ptolemy (astronomy) and Galen (medicine) were found not always to match everyday observations. Work by Vesalius on human cadavers found problems with the Galenic view of anatomy.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: The

text: renewal

text: of

text: learning

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: began

text: with

text: century

text: Scholasticism

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: about

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: and

text: the

text: initial

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: subsequent

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: is

text: sometimes

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: lull

text: in

text: scientific

text: activity

text: The

text: Northern

text: Renaissance

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: showed

text: a

text: decisive

text: shift

text: in

text: focus

text: from

text: Aristoteleian

text: natural

text: philosophy

text: to

text: chemistry

text: and

text: the

text: biological

text: sciences

text: botany

text: anatomy

text: and

text: medicine

text: Thus

text: modern

text: science

text: in

text: Europe

text: was

text: resumed

text: in

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: great

text: upheaval

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: and

text: Catholic

text: Counter

text: Reformation

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: re

text: discovery

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: during

text: the

text: Scholastic

text: period

text: presaged

text: large

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: changes

text: Thus

text: a

text: suitable

text: environment

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: became

text: possible

text: to

text: question

text: scientific

text: doctrine

text: in

text: much

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: that

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: and

text: John

text: Calvin

text: questioned

text: religious

text: doctrine

text: The

text: works

text: of

text: Ptolemy

text: astronomy

text: and

text: Galen

text: medicine

text: were

text: found

text: not

text: always

text: to

text: match

text: everyday

text: observations

text: Work

text: by

text: Vesalius

text: on

text: human

text: cadavers

text: found

text: problems

text: with

text: the

text: Galenic

text: view

text: of

text: anatomy

question: The focus on learning in the 12th century is referred to as what?

answer: Scholasticism

text: Scholasticism

question: What began at the same time Scholasticism ended?

answer: the Black Death

text: the Black Death

question: Which era came after Scholasticism?

answer: Italian Renaissance

text: Italian Renaissance

question: What was the focus of the Northern Renaissance?

answer: chemistry and the biological sciences

text: chemistry and the biological sciences

question: Which scientist was known for working on human cadavers?

answer: Vesalius

text: Vesalius


text: Newtown Creek, a 3.5-mile (6-kilometer) a long estuary that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities. One of the most heavily used bodies of water in the Port of New York and New Jersey, it had been one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country, containing years of discarded toxins, an estimated 30 million US gallons (110,000 m3) of spilled oil, including the Greenpoint oil spill, raw sewage from New York City's sewer system, and other accumulation.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Newtown

text: Creek

text: a

text: a

text: long

text: estuary

text: that

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: the

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Brooklyn

text: and

text: Queens

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: a

text: Superfund

text: site

text: for

text: environmental

text: clean

text: up

text: and

text: remediation

text: of

text: the

text: waterway

text: 's

text: recreational

text: and

text: economic

text: resources

text: for

text: many

text: communities

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: heavily

text: used

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: New

text: Jersey

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: contaminated

text: industrial

text: sites

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: containing

text: years

text: of

text: discarded

text: toxins

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: US

text: gallons

text: of

text: spilled

text: oil

text: including

text: the

text: Greenpoint

text: oil

text: spill

text: raw

text: sewage

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: sewer

text: system

text: and

text: other

text: accumulation

question: How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?

answer: 6

question: How many cubic meters of oil is supposed to be in Newtown Creek?

answer: 110,000

question: What notable accidental fossil fuel discharge occurred at Newtown Creek?

answer: the Greenpoint oil spill

text: the Greenpoint oil spill


text: Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, serves just under 200 congregations. Unitarian Universalism has its headquarters on Beacon Hill. The Christian Scientists are headquartered in Back Bay at the Mother Church (1894). The oldest church in Boston is First Church in Boston, founded in 1630. King's Chapel, the city's first Anglican church, was founded in 1686 and converted to Unitarianism in 1785. Other churches include Christ Church (better known as Old North Church, 1723), the oldest church building in the city, Trinity Church (1733), Park Street Church (1809), Old South Church (1874), Jubilee Christian Church and Basilica and Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help on Mission Hill (1878).

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: noted

text: religious

text: center

text: from

text: its

text: earliest

text: days

text: The

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Archdiocese

text: of

text: Boston

text: serves

text: nearly

text: parishes

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: End

text: while

text: the

text: Episcopal

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: with

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: Church

text: of

text: St.

text: Paul

text: as

text: its

text: episcopal

text: seat

text: serves

text: just

text: under

text: congregations

text: Unitarian

text: Universalism

text: has

text: its

text: headquarters

text: on

text: Beacon

text: Hill

text: The

text: Christian

text: Scientists

text: are

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Back

text: Bay

text: at

text: the

text: Mother

text: Church

text: The

text: oldest

text: church

text: in

text: Boston

text: is

text: First

text: Church

text: in

text: Boston

text: founded

text: in

text: King

text: 's

text: Chapel

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: first

text: Anglican

text: church

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: Unitarianism

text: in

text: Other

text: churches

text: include

text: Christ

text: Church

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Old

text: North

text: Church

text: the

text: oldest

text: church

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Trinity

text: Church

text: Park

text: Street

text: Church

text: Old

text: South

text: Church

text: Jubilee

text: Christian

text: Church

text: and

text: Basilica

text: and

text: Shrine

text: of

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: Perpetual

text: Help

text: on

text: Mission

text: Hill

question: How long has Boston been a religious center?

answer: from its earliest days

text: from its earliest days

question: How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston?

answer: nearly 300

text: nearly 300

question: Where is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross located?

answer: the South End

text: the South End

question: Where is the headquarters for the Christial Scientists?

answer: Back Bay

text: Back Bay

question: What was the city's first Anglican church?

answer: King's Chapel

text: King's Chapel


text: Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former".

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: gas

text: was

text: first

text: artificially

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: via

text: the

text: mixing

text: of

text: metals

text: with

text: acids

text: In

text: Henry

text: Cavendish

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: recognize

text: that

text: hydrogen

text: gas

text: was

text: a

text: discrete

text: substance

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: produces

text: water

text: when

text: burned

text: a

text: property

text: which

text: later

text: gave

text: it

text: its

text: name

text: in

text: Greek

text: hydrogen

text: means

text: water

text: former

question: When was hydrogen gas artificially produced for the first time?

answer: early 16th century

text: early 16th century

question: Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance?

answer: Henry Cavendish

text: Henry Cavendish

question: When it is burned what does hydrogen make?

answer: water

text: water

question: What is the Greek translation for hydrogen?

answer: water-former

text: water-former


text: Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Catalan

text: verbs

text: are

text: traditionally

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: conjugations

text: with

text: vowel

text: themes

text: -a-

text: -e-

text: -i-

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: being

text: split

text: into

text: two

text: subtypes

text: However

text: this

text: division

text: is

text: mostly

text: theoretical

text: Only

text: the

text: first

text: conjugation

text: is

text: nowadays

text: productive

text: with

text: about

text: common

text: verbs

text: whereas

text: the

text: third

text: the

text: subtype

text: of

text: servir

text: with

text: about

text: common

text: verbs

text: is

text: semiproductive

text: The

text: verbs

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: conjugation

text: are

text: fewer

text: than

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: to

text: create

text: new

text: ones

text: except

text: by

text: compounding

question: How are Catalan verbs grouped?

answer: into three conjugations

text: into three conjugations

question: Which conjugation has about 3500 verbs?

answer: first conjugation

text: first conjugation

question: How many verbs are in the third conjugation?

answer: 700

question: Which conjugation has less than 100 verbs?

answer: second

text: second


text: At times when a death sentence is affirmed on direct review, it is considered final. Yet, supplemental methods to attack the judgment, though less familiar than a typical appeal, do remain. These supplemental remedies are considered collateral review, that is, an avenue for upsetting judgments that have become otherwise final. Where the prisoner received his death sentence in a state-level trial, as is usually the case, the first step in collateral review is state collateral review. (If the case is a federal death penalty case, it proceeds immediately from direct review to federal habeas corpus.) Although all states have some type of collateral review, the process varies widely from state to state. Generally, the purpose of these collateral proceedings is to permit the prisoner to challenge his sentence on grounds that could not have been raised reasonably at trial or on direct review. Most often these are claims, such as ineffective assistance of counsel, which requires the court to consider new evidence outside the original trial record, something courts may not do in an ordinary appeal. State collateral review, though an important step in that it helps define the scope of subsequent review through federal habeas corpus, is rarely successful in and of itself. Only around 6 percent of death sentences are overturned on state collateral review. In 2010, the death sentences of 53 inmates were overturned as a result of legal appeals or high court reversals.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: At

text: times

text: when

text: a

text: death

text: sentence

text: is

text: affirmed

text: on

text: direct

text: review

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: final

text: Yet

text: supplemental

text: methods

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: judgment

text: though

text: less

text: familiar

text: than

text: a

text: typical

text: appeal

text: do

text: remain

text: These

text: supplemental

text: remedies

text: are

text: considered

text: collateral

text: review

text: that

text: is

text: an

text: avenue

text: for

text: upsetting

text: judgments

text: that

text: have

text: become

text: otherwise

text: final

text: Where

text: the

text: prisoner

text: received

text: his

text: death

text: sentence

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: level

text: trial

text: as

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: case

text: the

text: first

text: step

text: in

text: collateral

text: review

text: is

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: If

text: the

text: case

text: is

text: a

text: federal

text: death

text: penalty

text: case

text: it

text: proceeds

text: immediately

text: from

text: direct

text: review

text: to

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: Although

text: all

text: states

text: have

text: some

text: type

text: of

text: collateral

text: review

text: the

text: process

text: varies

text: widely

text: from

text: state

text: to

text: state

text: Generally

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: these

text: collateral

text: proceedings

text: is

text: to

text: permit

text: the

text: prisoner

text: to

text: challenge

text: his

text: sentence

text: on

text: grounds

text: that

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: raised

text: reasonably

text: at

text: trial

text: or

text: on

text: direct

text: review

text: Most

text: often

text: these

text: are

text: claims

text: such

text: as

text: ineffective

text: assistance

text: of

text: counsel

text: which

text: requires

text: the

text: court

text: to

text: consider

text: new

text: evidence

text: outside

text: the

text: original

text: trial

text: record

text: something

text: courts

text: may

text: not

text: do

text: in

text: an

text: ordinary

text: appeal

text: State

text: collateral

text: review

text: though

text: an

text: important

text: step

text: in

text: that

text: it

text: helps

text: define

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: subsequent

text: review

text: through

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: is

text: rarely

text: successful

text: in

text: and

text: of

text: itself

text: Only

text: around

text: percent

text: of

text: death

text: sentences

text: are

text: overturned

text: on

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: In

text: the

text: death

text: sentences

text: of

text: inmates

text: were

text: overturned

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: legal

text: appeals

text: or

text: high

text: court

text: reversals

question: When a prisoner is given a death sentence in a state, what is the first step of collateral review?

answer: state collateral review

text: state collateral review

question: About what percentage of capital convictions are overturned due to state collateral review?

answer: 6

question: In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?

answer: 53

question: What is an example of an issue that is raised in collateral review?

answer: ineffective assistance of counsel

text: ineffective assistance of counsel

question: When a prisoner is given a death sentence in a state, what is the last step of collateral review?

text: state collateral review

question: About what percentage of capital convictions are never overturned due to state collateral review?

question: In 2010, how many death sentences were never overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?

question: What is an example of an issue that isn't raised in collateral review?

text: ineffective assistance of counsel


text: The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: The

text: International

text: Development

text: Law

text: Organization

text: IDLO

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: with

text: a

text: joint

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: development

text: It

text: works

text: to

text: empower

text: people

text: and

text: communities

text: to

text: claim

text: their

text: rights

text: and

text: provides

text: governments

text: with

text: the

text: know

text: how

text: to

text: realize

text: them

text: It

text: supports

text: emerging

text: economies

text: and

text: middle

text: income

text: countries

text: to

text: strengthen

text: their

text: legal

text: capacity

text: and

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: framework

text: for

text: sustainable

text: development

text: and

text: economic

text: opportunity

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: with

text: an

text: exclusive

text: mandate

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: has

text: experience

text: working

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: countries

text: around

text: the

text: world

question: What organization works to further the understanding and adherence to the rule of law?

answer: The International Development Law Organization

text: The International Development Law Organization

question: What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping?

answer: emerging economies and middle-income

text: emerging economies and middle-income

question: With how many countries does the IDLO work?

answer: more than 170

text: more than 170

question: What organization focuses on studying rule of law?

question: Who focuses on empowering governments to establish laws?

question: What are Third World countries encouraged to do?

question: What is the only terminal organization with a mandate to enforce rule of law?


text: On May 15, 2013, Resident Commissioner Pierluisi introduced H.R. 2000 to Congress to "set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union," asking for Congress to vote on ratifying Puerto Rico as the 51st state. On February 12, 2014, Senator Martin Heinrich introduced a bill in the US Senate. The bill would require a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state. In the event of a yes vote, the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: On

text: May

text: Resident

text: Commissioner

text: Pierluisi

text: introduced

text: H.R.

text: to

text: Congress

text: to

text: set

text: forth

text: the

text: process

text: for

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: to

text: be

text: admitted

text: as

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: asking

text: for

text: Congress

text: to

text: vote

text: on

text: ratifying

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: On

text: February

text: Senator

text: Martin

text: Heinrich

text: introduced

text: a

text: bill

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Senate

text: The

text: bill

text: would

text: require

text: a

text: binding

text: referendum

text: to

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: asking

text: whether

text: the

text: territory

text: wants

text: to

text: be

text: admitted

text: as

text: a

text: state

text: In

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: a

text: yes

text: vote

text: the

text: president

text: would

text: be

text: asked

text: to

text: submit

text: legislation

text: to

text: Congress

text: to

text: admit

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: as

text: a

text: state

question: When was H.R. 2000 introduced?

answer: On May 15, 2013

text: On May 15, 2013

question: What would H.R. 2000 do?

answer: set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union

text: set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union

question: What did Senator Heinrich's bill require?

answer: a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state.

text: a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state.

question: What would happen in the event of a yes vote in this referendum?

answer: the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state

text: the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state

question: When was H.R. 2014 introduced?

text: On May 15, 2013

question: What would H.R. 2014 do?

question: What did Senator H.R. Heinrich's bill require?

question: What would happen in the event of a no vote in this referendum?

question: Who was asked to ratify the Puerto Rico Senate?

text: Congress


text: The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior of France. It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments. It is also responsible for providing emergency services, including the Paris Fire Brigade. Its headquarters is on Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité. There are 30,200 officers under the prefecture, and a fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles, including police cars, motorcycles, fire trucks, boats and helicopters. In addition to traditional police duties, the local police monitors the number of discount sales held by large stores (no more than two a year are allowed) and verify that, during summer holidays, at least one bakery is open in every neighbourhood. The national police has its own special unit for riot control and crowd control and security of public buildings, called the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS), a unit formed in 1944 right after the liberation of France. Vans of CRS agents are frequently seen in the centre of the city when there are demonstrations and public events.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: The

text: security

text: of

text: Paris

text: is

text: mainly

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: Prefecture

text: of

text: Police

text: of

text: Paris

text: a

text: subdivision

text: of

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: supervises

text: the

text: units

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Police

text: who

text: patrol

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: three

text: neighbouring

text: departments

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: responsible

text: for

text: providing

text: emergency

text: services

text: including

text: the

text: Paris

text: Fire

text: Brigade

text: Its

text: headquarters

text: is

text: on

text: Place

text: Louis

text: Lépine

text: on

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: la

text: Cité

text: There

text: are

text: officers

text: under

text: the

text: prefecture

text: and

text: a

text: fleet

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: vehicles

text: including

text: police

text: cars

text: motorcycles

text: fire

text: trucks

text: boats

text: and

text: helicopters

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: traditional

text: police

text: duties

text: the

text: local

text: police

text: monitors

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: discount

text: sales

text: held

text: by

text: large

text: stores

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: a

text: year

text: are

text: allowed

text: and

text: verify

text: that

text: during

text: summer

text: holidays

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: bakery

text: is

text: open

text: in

text: every

text: neighbourhood

text: The

text: national

text: police

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: special

text: unit

text: for

text: riot

text: control

text: and

text: crowd

text: control

text: and

text: security

text: of

text: public

text: buildings

text: called

text: the

text: Compagnies

text: Républicaines

text: de

text: Sécurité

text: CRS

text: a

text: unit

text: formed

text: in

text: right

text: after

text: the

text: liberation

text: of

text: France

text: Vans

text: of

text: CRS

text: agents

text: are

text: frequently

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: when

text: there

text: are

text: demonstrations

text: and

text: public

text: events

question: Who is responsible for the security of Paris?

answer: Prefecture of Police of Paris

text: Prefecture of Police of Paris

question: Where is the headquarters for the Prefecture of Police of Paris?

answer: Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité

text: Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité

question: How many officers are in the Prefecture of Police of Paris?

answer: 30,200

question: When was the Compagnies Republicaines de Securite formed?

answer: 1944

question: How many vehicles are in the fleet?

answer: 6,000


text: As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: As

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: Maglione

text: Tardini

text: and

text: Montini

text: were

text: the

text: main

text: figures

text: in

text: the

text: Vatican

text: 's

text: State

text: Department

text: as

text: despatches

text: originated

text: from

text: or

text: addressed

text: to

text: them

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: years.[page

text: needed

text: Montini

text: was

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: taking

text: care

text: of

text: the

text: ordinary

text: affairs

text: of

text: the

text: Secretariat

text: of

text: State

text: which

text: took

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: mornings

text: of

text: every

text: working

text: day

text: In

text: the

text: afternoon

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: third

text: floor

text: into

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: Private

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Pontiff

text: Pius

text: XII

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: personal

text: secretary

text: As

text: did

text: several

text: popes

text: before

text: him

text: he

text: delegated

text: the

text: secretarial

text: functions

text: to

text: the

text: State

text: Secretariat

text: During

text: the

text: war

text: years

text: thousands

text: of

text: letters

text: from

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: arrived

text: at

text: the

text: desk

text: of

text: the

text: pope

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: asking

text: for

text: understanding

text: prayer

text: and

text: help

text: Montini

text: was

text: tasked

text: to

text: formulate

text: the

text: replies

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Pius

text: XII

text: expressing

text: his

text: empathy

text: and

text: understanding

text: and

text: providing

text: help

text: where

text: possible

question: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?

answer: ordinary affairs

text: ordinary affairs

question: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to?

answer: Vatican's State Department

text: Vatican's State Department

question: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?

answer: Private Secretary

text: Private Secretary

question: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?

answer: letters

text: letters

question: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?

answer: war years

text: war years


text: On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: On

text: his

text: mother

text: 's

text: side

text: Hayek

text: was

text: second

text: cousin

text: to

text: the

text: philosopher

text: Ludwig

text: Wittgenstein

text: His

text: mother

text: often

text: played

text: with

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: sisters

text: and

text: had

text: known

text: Ludwig

text: well

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: their

text: family

text: relationship

text: Hayek

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: read

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: Tractatus

text: Logico

text: Philosophicus

text: when

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: its

text: original

text: German

text: edition

text: in

text: Although

text: Hayek

text: met

text: Wittgenstein

text: on

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: occasions

text: Hayek

text: said

text: that

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: philosophy

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: analysis

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: influence

text: on

text: his

text: own

text: life

text: and

text: thought

text: In

text: his

text: later

text: years

text: Hayek

text: recalled

text: a

text: discussion

text: of

text: philosophy

text: with

text: Wittgenstein

text: when

text: both

text: were

text: officers

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: After

text: Wittgenstein

text: 's

text: death

text: Hayek

text: had

text: intended

text: to

text: write

text: a

text: biography

text: of

text: Wittgenstein

text: and

text: worked

text: on

text: collecting

text: family

text: materials

text: and

text: he

text: later

text: assisted

text: biographers

text: of

text: Wittgenstein

question: Who was among the first readers of Ludwig  Wittgenstein's book?

answer: Hayek

text: Hayek

question: How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet?

answer: on only a few occasions

text: on only a few occasions

question: Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek?

answer: Ludwig Wittgenstein

text: Ludwig Wittgenstein

question: What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war?

answer: both were officers

text: both were officers

question: What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921?

answer: Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

text: Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus


text: The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934. It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committee for sensitometry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung since 1930 and presented by Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) at the influential VIII. International Congress of Photography (German: Internationaler Kongreß für wissenschaftliche und angewandte Photographie) held in Dresden from August 3 to 8, 1931.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: DIN

text: system

text: officially

text: DIN

text: standard

text: by

text: Deutsches

text: Institut

text: für

text: Normung

text: but

text: still

text: named

text: Deutscher

text: Normenausschuß

text: DNA

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: January

text: It

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: drafts

text: for

text: a

text: standardized

text: method

text: of

text: sensitometry

text: put

text: forward

text: by

text: Deutscher

text: Normenausschuß

text: für

text: Phototechnik

text: as

text: proposed

text: by

text: the

text: committee

text: for

text: sensitometry

text: of

text: the

text: Deutsche

text: Gesellschaft

text: für

text: photographische

text: Forschung

text: since

text: and

text: presented

text: by

text: Robert

text: Luther

text: de

text: and

text: Emanuel

text: Goldberg

text: at

text: the

text: influential

text: VIII

text: International

text: Congress

text: of

text: Photography

text: German

text: Internationaler

text: Kongreß

text: für

text: wissenschaftliche

text: und

text: angewandte

text: Photographie

text: held

text: in

text: Dresden

text: from

text: August

text: to

question: When was the DIN system established?

answer: January 1934

text: January 1934

question: Who created the DIN system?

answer: Deutsches Institut für Normung

text: Deutsches Institut für Normung

question: What was proposed at the VIII International Congress of Photography?

answer: a standardized method of sensitometry

text: a standardized method of sensitometry

question: Who presented the idea that grew into the DIN?

answer: Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970)

text: Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970)

question: Where was the VIII International Congress of Photography held?

answer: Dresden

text: Dresden

question: When were the drafts by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik made?

text: January 1934

question: What was the abbreviation for the Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik drafts?

text: DIN standard 4512

question: When was Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung founded?

question: Where was Emanuel Goldberg from?

text: Dresden

question: Who founded the VIII. International Congress of Photography?

text: Robert Luther (de)


text: Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk. Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997. The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of showroom space, 5 exhibit halls, 45 meeting rooms with 109,000 sq ft (10,100 m2) of space, a garage with 1,400 parking spaces, and an adjacent Sheraton hotel. Both the Boardwalk Hall and Convention Center are operated by the Atlantic City Convention & Visitors Authority.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: Boardwalk

text: Hall

text: formally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Historic

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Convention

text: Hall

text: is

text: an

text: arena

text: in

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: along

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: Boardwalk

text: Hall

text: was

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: 's

text: primary

text: convention

text: center

text: until

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Convention

text: Center

text: in

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Convention

text: Center

text: includes

text: sq

text: ft

text: of

text: showroom

text: space

text: exhibit

text: halls

text: meeting

text: rooms

text: with

text: sq

text: ft

text: of

text: space

text: a

text: garage

text: with

text: parking

text: spaces

text: and

text: an

text: adjacent

text: Sheraton

text: hotel

text: Both

text: the

text: Boardwalk

text: Hall

text: and

text: Convention

text: Center

text: are

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Convention

text: Visitors

text: Authority

question: What was Boardwalk Hall formerly known as?

answer: Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall

text: Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall

question: What is the Boardwalk Hall?

answer: an arena

text: an arena

question: In what year did the newer Atlantic City Convention Center open?

answer: 1997

question: How many sq ft of showroom space is included in the Atlantic City Convention Center?

answer: 500,000 sq ft

text: 500,000 sq ft

question: What hotel is adjacent to the Atlantic City Convention Center?

answer: Sheraton hotel

text: Sheraton hotel


text: Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. Effective TB treatment is difficult, due to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, which hinders the entry of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective. The two antibiotics most commonly used are isoniazid and rifampicin, and treatments can be prolonged, taking several months. Latent TB treatment usually employs a single antibiotic, while active TB disease is best treated with combinations of several antibiotics to reduce the risk of the bacteria developing antibiotic resistance. People with latent infections are also treated to prevent them from progressing to active TB disease later in life. Directly observed therapy, i.e., having a health care provider watch the person take their medications, is recommended by the WHO in an effort to reduce the number of people not appropriately taking antibiotics. The evidence to support this practice over people simply taking their medications independently is poor. Methods to remind people of the importance of treatment do, however, appear effective.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: Treatment

text: of

text: TB

text: uses

text: antibiotics

text: to

text: kill

text: the

text: bacteria

text: Effective

text: TB

text: treatment

text: is

text: difficult

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: unusual

text: structure

text: and

text: chemical

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: mycobacterial

text: cell

text: wall

text: which

text: hinders

text: the

text: entry

text: of

text: drugs

text: and

text: makes

text: many

text: antibiotics

text: ineffective

text: The

text: two

text: antibiotics

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: are

text: isoniazid

text: and

text: rifampicin

text: and

text: treatments

text: can

text: be

text: prolonged

text: taking

text: several

text: months

text: Latent

text: TB

text: treatment

text: usually

text: employs

text: a

text: single

text: antibiotic

text: while

text: active

text: TB

text: disease

text: is

text: best

text: treated

text: with

text: combinations

text: of

text: several

text: antibiotics

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: the

text: bacteria

text: developing

text: antibiotic

text: resistance

text: People

text: with

text: latent

text: infections

text: are

text: also

text: treated

text: to

text: prevent

text: them

text: from

text: progressing

text: to

text: active

text: TB

text: disease

text: later

text: in

text: life

text: Directly

text: observed

text: therapy

text: i.e.

text: having

text: a

text: health

text: care

text: provider

text: watch

text: the

text: person

text: take

text: their

text: medications

text: is

text: recommended

text: by

text: the

text: WHO

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: not

text: appropriately

text: taking

text: antibiotics

text: The

text: evidence

text: to

text: support

text: this

text: practice

text: over

text: people

text: simply

text: taking

text: their

text: medications

text: independently

text: is

text: poor

text: Methods

text: to

text: remind

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: treatment

text: do

text: however

text: appear

text: effective

question: What part of the mycobacterial cell makes tuberculosis more difficult to treat?

answer: wall

text: wall

question: Isoniazid is one of the two most popular drugs for TB treatment; what's the other one?

answer: rifampicin

text: rifampicin

question: What complication does the use of combinations of antibiotics for active TB prevent?

answer: antibiotic resistance

text: antibiotic resistance

question: What's the three-word name for the method where a health care worker watches their patient take their medication?

answer: Directly observed therapy

text: Directly observed therapy

question: What organization recommends directly observed therapy to make sure people take their antibiotics correctly?

answer: WHO

text: WHO

question: What is used to kill antibiotics?

text: bacteria

question: The chemical composition of what wall makes TB easy to treat?

text: the mycobacterial cell wall

question: Which two drugs are used simultaneously to treat latent TB?

text: isoniazid and rifampicin

question: How long are antibiotics ineffective?

text: several months

question: What health care provider watches the person take their medications?

text: WHO


text: The city is also home to two large colleges. The City College Plymouth provides courses from the most basic to Foundation degrees for approximately 26,000 students. Plymouth College of Art offers a selection of courses including media. It was started 153 years ago and is now one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: large

text: colleges

text: The

text: City

text: College

text: Plymouth

text: provides

text: courses

text: from

text: the

text: most

text: basic

text: to

text: Foundation

text: degrees

text: for

text: approximately

text: students

text: Plymouth

text: College

text: of

text: Art

text: offers

text: a

text: selection

text: of

text: courses

text: including

text: media

text: It

text: was

text: started

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: four

text: independent

text: colleges

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: design

text: in

text: the

text: UK

question: Along with City College Plymouth, what college calls Plymouth home?

answer: Plymouth College of Art

text: Plymouth College of Art

question: About how many students are enrolled at City College Plymouth?

answer: 26,000

question: How many years ago was Plymouth College of Art founded?

answer: 153

question: How many independent art colleges exist in the United Kingdom?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many large colleges exist in Plymouth?

answer: two

text: two


text: The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses. Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: The

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: a

text: succession

text: of

text: wars

text: famines

text: and

text: other

text: disasters

text: each

text: accompanied

text: by

text: large

text: scale

text: population

text: losses

text: Stephen

text: J.

text: Lee

text: estimates

text: that

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: population

text: was

text: about

text: million

text: fewer

text: than

text: it

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: otherwise

question: The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union?

answer: succession of wars, famines and other disasters

text: succession of wars, famines and other disasters

question: Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 1945?

answer: Stephen J. Lee

text: Stephen J. Lee

question: When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?

answer: 1945

question: What was marked by succession of wars, famines, and other disasters in the 20th century?

answer: Russia and the Soviet Union

text: Russia and the Soviet Union

question: When did Stephen J. Lee make his estimate about the Russian population?

question: How many people did famine kill in Russia?

text: 90 million

question: Who did Russia fight with in the first half of the 20th century?

text: the Soviet Union

question: Who ended the war in 1945?

text: Stephen J. Lee

question: What is Stephen J. Lee's nationality?

text: Russian


text: On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One). The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller, Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: On

text: July

text: BBC

text: Two

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: television

text: channel

text: in

text: Europe

text: to

text: broadcast

text: regularly

text: in

text: colour

text: using

text: the

text: West

text: German

text: PAL

text: system

text: that

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: although

text: being

text: gradually

text: superseded

text: by

text: digital

text: systems

text: BBC

text: One

text: and

text: ITV

text: began

text: colour

text: broadcasts

text: simultaneously

text: on

text: November

text: Unlike

text: other

text: terrestrial

text: channels

text: BBC

text: Two

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: soap

text: opera

text: or

text: standard

text: news

text: programming

text: but

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: programmes

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: eclectic

text: and

text: diverse

text: although

text: if

text: a

text: programme

text: has

text: high

text: audience

text: ratings

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: eventually

text: repositioned

text: to

text: BBC

text: One

text: The

text: different

text: remit

text: of

text: allowed

text: its

text: first

text: controller

text: Sir

text: David

text: Attenborough

text: to

text: commission

text: the

text: first

text: heavyweight

text: documentaries

text: and

text: documentary

text: series

text: such

text: as

text: Civilisation

text: The

text: Ascent

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: Horizon

question: What was the first station to show programs in color?

answer: BBC Two

text: BBC Two

question: When did the other two major British stations start color programming?

answer: 15 November 1969

text: 15 November 1969

question: What types of programs were not shown on BBC Two?

answer: soap opera or standard news programming

text: soap opera or standard news programming

question: Who was the first controller of BBC2?

answer: Sir David Attenborough

text: Sir David Attenborough

question: What kinds of programs did Attenborough favor?

answer: documentaries

text: documentaries

question: What happened on 1 July 1969?

question: What did BBC One and ITV begin on 15 November 1967?

text: 625-line colour broadcasts

question: Who commissioned Horizon and The Ascent of Civilisation?

text: Sir David Attenborough

question: What does BBC Two air along with soap operas and standard news programming?


text: Nasser also attempted to maintain oversight of the country's civil service to prevent it from inflating and consequently becoming a burden to the state. New laws provided workers with a minimum wage, profit shares, free education, free health care, reduced working hours, and encouragement to participate in management. Land reforms guaranteed the security of tenant farmers, promoted agricultural growth, and reduced rural poverty. As a result of the 1962 measures, government ownership of Egyptian business reached 51 percent, and the National Union was renamed the Arab Socialist Union (ASU). With these measures came more domestic repression, as thousands of Islamists were imprisoned, including dozens of military officers. Nasser's tilt toward a Soviet-style system led his aides Boghdadi and Hussein el-Shafei to submit their resignations in protest.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: also

text: attempted

text: to

text: maintain

text: oversight

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: civil

text: service

text: to

text: prevent

text: it

text: from

text: inflating

text: and

text: consequently

text: becoming

text: a

text: burden

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: New

text: laws

text: provided

text: workers

text: with

text: a

text: minimum

text: wage

text: profit

text: shares

text: free

text: education

text: free

text: health

text: care

text: reduced

text: working

text: hours

text: and

text: encouragement

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: management

text: Land

text: reforms

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: security

text: of

text: tenant

text: farmers

text: promoted

text: agricultural

text: growth

text: and

text: reduced

text: rural

text: poverty

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: measures

text: government

text: ownership

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: business

text: reached

text: percent

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Union

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Arab

text: Socialist

text: Union

text: ASU

text: With

text: these

text: measures

text: came

text: more

text: domestic

text: repression

text: as

text: thousands

text: of

text: Islamists

text: were

text: imprisoned

text: including

text: dozens

text: of

text: military

text: officers

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: tilt

text: toward

text: a

text: Soviet

text: style

text: system

text: led

text: his

text: aides

text: Boghdadi

text: and

text: Hussein

text: el

text: Shafei

text: to

text: submit

text: their

text: resignations

text: in

text: protest

question: What percentage of business did the Egyptian government own in 1962?

answer: 51

question: What was the new name for the National Union?

answer: Arab Socialist Union

text: Arab Socialist Union

question: What was the expression of Nasser's reforms on the street?

answer: repression

text: repression

question: What group was targeted with imprisonment?

answer: Islamists

text: Islamists

question: How did two of Nasser's top aids respond to the new measures?

answer: submit their resignations in protest

text: submit their resignations in protest


text: From 22 March through 26 March 1991, mass pro-democracy rallies and a nationwide strike was held in both urban and rural communities, which became known as les evenements ("the events") or the March Revolution. In Bamako, in response to mass demonstrations organized by university students and later joined by trade unionists and others, soldiers opened fire indiscriminately on the nonviolent demonstrators. Riots broke out briefly following the shootings. Barricades as well as roadblocks were erected and Traoré declared a state of emergency and imposed a nightly curfew. Despite an estimated loss of 300 lives over the course of four days, nonviolent protesters continued to return to Bamako each day demanding the resignation of the dictatorial president and the implementation of democratic policies.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: From

text: March

text: through

text: March

text: mass

text: pro

text: democracy

text: rallies

text: and

text: a

text: nationwide

text: strike

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: both

text: urban

text: and

text: rural

text: communities

text: which

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: les

text: evenements

text: the

text: events

text: or

text: the

text: March

text: Revolution

text: In

text: Bamako

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: mass

text: demonstrations

text: organized

text: by

text: university

text: students

text: and

text: later

text: joined

text: by

text: trade

text: unionists

text: and

text: others

text: soldiers

text: opened

text: fire

text: indiscriminately

text: on

text: the

text: nonviolent

text: demonstrators

text: Riots

text: broke

text: out

text: briefly

text: following

text: the

text: shootings

text: Barricades

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: roadblocks

text: were

text: erected

text: and

text: Traoré

text: declared

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: emergency

text: and

text: imposed

text: a

text: nightly

text: curfew

text: Despite

text: an

text: estimated

text: loss

text: of

text: lives

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: four

text: days

text: nonviolent

text: protesters

text: continued

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Bamako

text: each

text: day

text: demanding

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: the

text: dictatorial

text: president

text: and

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: democratic

text: policies

question: What type of rallies were being held in March of 1991?

answer: pro-democracy

text: pro-democracy

question: There was a nationwide strike being held that was called les envenements and also named what?

answer: March Revolution

text: March Revolution

question: After the president declared a state of emergency, what type of curfew was placed on the country?

answer: nightly

text: nightly

question: How many people died over the course of four days?

answer: 300 lives

text: 300 lives

question: After all of the governments efforts what types of protests continued?

answer: nonviolent

text: nonviolent

question: What was held in both urban and rural communities throughout the 1990s?

question: Who opened fire on violent demonstrators?

text: soldiers

question: What was ended by the shootings?

text: Riots

question: Who stopped coming to Bamako as a result of the 300 lives lost?

text: nonviolent protesters


text: The total adult literacy rate is 99 percent. Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to 100 percent. According to the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009, the average Portuguese 15-year-old student, when rated in terms of reading literacy, mathematics and science knowledge, is placed at the same level as those students from the United States, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Hungary and Taipei, with 489 points (493 is the average). Over 35% of college-age citizens (20 years old) attend one of the country's higher education institutions (compared with 50% in the United States and 35% in the OECD countries). In addition to being a destination for international students, Portugal is also among the top places of origin for international students. All higher education students, both domestic and international, totaled 380,937 in 2005.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: total

text: adult

text: literacy

text: rate

text: is

text: percent

text: Portuguese

text: primary

text: school

text: enrollments

text: are

text: close

text: to

text: percent

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: OECD

text: 's

text: Programme

text: for

text: International

text: Student

text: Assessment

text: PISA

text: the

text: average

text: Portuguese

text: old

text: student

text: when

text: rated

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: reading

text: literacy

text: mathematics

text: and

text: science

text: knowledge

text: is

text: placed

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: as

text: those

text: students

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Sweden

text: Germany

text: Ireland

text: France

text: Denmark

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Hungary

text: and

text: Taipei

text: with

text: points

text: is

text: the

text: average

text: Over

text: of

text: college

text: age

text: citizens

text: years

text: old

text: attend

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: higher

text: education

text: institutions

text: compared

text: with

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: OECD

text: countries

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: being

text: a

text: destination

text: for

text: international

text: students

text: Portugal

text: is

text: also

text: among

text: the

text: top

text: places

text: of

text: origin

text: for

text: international

text: students

text: All

text: higher

text: education

text: students

text: both

text: domestic

text: and

text: international

text: totaled

text: in

question: What is the adult literacy rate in Portugal?

answer: 99 percent

text: 99 percent

question: Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent?

answer: 100 percent

text: 100 percent

question: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in Portugal?

answer: Over 35%

text: Over 35%

question: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in the United States?

answer: 50%


text: During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These served as the capitals of the Malla confederation of Nepal. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, aesthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. The kings of this period directly influenced or involved themselves in the construction of public buildings, squares, and temples, as well as the development of water spouts, the institutionalization of trusts (called guthis), the codification of laws, the writing of dramas, and the performance of plays in city squares. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla. Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the former durbar of Kirtipur, Nyatapola, Kumbheshwar, the Krishna temple, and others.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: During

text: the

text: later

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Malla

text: era

text: Kathmandu

text: Valley

text: comprised

text: four

text: fortified

text: cities

text: Kantipur

text: Lalitpur

text: Bhaktapur

text: and

text: Kirtipur

text: These

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: capitals

text: of

text: the

text: Malla

text: confederation

text: of

text: Nepal

text: These

text: states

text: competed

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: architecture

text: aesthetics

text: and

text: trade

text: resulting

text: in

text: tremendous

text: development

text: The

text: kings

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: directly

text: influenced

text: or

text: involved

text: themselves

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: public

text: buildings

text: squares

text: and

text: temples

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: water

text: spouts

text: the

text: institutionalization

text: of

text: trusts

text: called

text: guthis

text: the

text: codification

text: of

text: laws

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: dramas

text: and

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: plays

text: in

text: city

text: squares

text: Evidence

text: of

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: ideas

text: from

text: India

text: Tibet

text: China

text: Persia

text: and

text: Europe

text: among

text: other

text: places

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: a

text: stone

text: inscription

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: king

text: Pratap

text: Malla

text: Books

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: from

text: this

text: era

text: that

text: describe

text: their

text: tantric

text: tradition

text: e.g.

text: Tantrakhyan

text: medicine

text: e.g.

text: Haramekhala

text: religion

text: e.g.

text: Mooldevshashidev

text: law

text: morals

text: and

text: history

text: Amarkosh

text: a

text: Sanskrit

text: Nepal

text: Bhasa

text: dictionary

text: from

text: AD

text: was

text: also

text: found

text: Architecturally

text: notable

text: buildings

text: from

text: this

text: era

text: include

text: Kathmandu

text: Durbar

text: Square

text: Patan

text: Durbar

text: Square

text: Bhaktapur

text: Durbar

text: Square

text: the

text: former

text: durbar

text: of

text: Kirtipur

text: Nyatapola

text: Kumbheshwar

text: the

text: Krishna

text: temple

text: and

text: others

question: How many cities were present in the Kathmandu Valley in the late Malla period?

answer: four

text: four

question: In the waning years of the Malla dynasty, what fortified cities existed in the Kathmandu Valley?

answer: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur

text: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur

question: What cultures influenced Nepal in the later Malla era?

answer: India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe

text: India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe

question: What is an example of a book of medicine from the Malla period?

answer: Haramekhala

text: Haramekhala

question: When does Amarkosh date to?

answer: 1381


text: Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, while singing "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, and Missy Elliott. Madonna sparked controversy for kissing Spears and Aguilera suggestively during the performance. In October 2003, Madonna provided guest vocals on Spears' single "Me Against the Music". It was followed with the release of Remixed & Revisited. The EP contained remixed versions of songs from American Life and included "Your Honesty", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions. Madonna also signed a contract with Callaway Arts & Entertainment to be the author of five children's books. The first of these books, titled The English Roses, was published in September 2003. The story was about four English schoolgirls and their envy and jealousy of each other. Kate Kellway from The Guardian commented, "[Madonna] is an actress playing at what she can never be—a JK Rowling, an English rose." The book debuted at the top of The New York Times Best Seller list and became the fastest-selling children's picture book of all time.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: gave

text: another

text: provocative

text: performance

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: at

text: the

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: while

text: singing

text: Hollywood

text: with

text: Britney

text: Spears

text: Christina

text: Aguilera

text: and

text: Missy

text: Elliott

text: Madonna

text: sparked

text: controversy

text: for

text: kissing

text: Spears

text: and

text: Aguilera

text: suggestively

text: during

text: the

text: performance

text: In

text: October

text: Madonna

text: provided

text: guest

text: vocals

text: on

text: Spears

text: single

text: Me

text: Against

text: the

text: Music

text: It

text: was

text: followed

text: with

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Remixed

text: Revisited

text: The

text: EP

text: contained

text: remixed

text: versions

text: of

text: songs

text: from

text: American

text: Life

text: and

text: included

text: Your

text: Honesty

text: a

text: previously

text: unreleased

text: track

text: from

text: the

text: Bedtime

text: Stories

text: recording

text: sessions

text: Madonna

text: also

text: signed

text: a

text: contract

text: with

text: Callaway

text: Arts

text: Entertainment

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: five

text: children

text: 's

text: books

text: The

text: first

text: of

text: these

text: books

text: titled

text: The

text: English

text: Roses

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: story

text: was

text: about

text: four

text: English

text: schoolgirls

text: and

text: their

text: envy

text: and

text: jealousy

text: of

text: each

text: other

text: Kate

text: Kellway

text: from

text: The

text: Guardian

text: commented

text: Madonna

text: is

text: an

text: actress

text: playing

text: at

text: what

text: she

text: can

text: never

text: be

text: a

text: JK

text: Rowling

text: an

text: English

text: rose

text: The

text: book

text: debuted

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: Best

text: Seller

text: list

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: fastest

text: selling

text: children

text: 's

text: picture

text: book

text: of

text: all

text: time

question: Who did Madonna kiss at the MTV Video Music Awards?

answer: Spears and Aguilera

text: Spears and Aguilera

question: When did Madonna collaborated as guest vocals for Spears single?

answer: October 2003

text: October 2003

question: Madonna signed a contract with Callaway Arts and Entertainment to be a writer of what type of books?

answer: children's books

text: children's books

question: What was the title of the first book Madonna penned?

answer: The English Roses,

text: The English Roses,

question: When was the The English Roses published?

answer: September 2003

text: September 2003


text: The legions of the late Republic were, structurally, almost entirely heavy infantry. The legion's main sub-unit was called a cohort and consisted of approximately 480 infantrymen. The cohort was therefore a much larger unit than the earlier maniple sub-unit, and was divided into six centuries of 80 men each. Each century was separated further into 10 "tent groups" of 8 men each. The cavalry troops were used as scouts and dispatch riders rather than battlefield cavalry. Legions also contained a dedicated group of artillery crew of perhaps 60 men. Each legion was normally partnered with an approximately equal number of allied (non-Roman) troops.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: legions

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Republic

text: were

text: structurally

text: almost

text: entirely

text: heavy

text: infantry

text: The

text: legion

text: 's

text: main

text: sub

text: unit

text: was

text: called

text: a

text: cohort

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: approximately

text: infantrymen

text: The

text: cohort

text: was

text: therefore

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: unit

text: than

text: the

text: earlier

text: maniple

text: sub

text: unit

text: and

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: six

text: centuries

text: of

text: men

text: each

text: Each

text: century

text: was

text: separated

text: further

text: into

text: tent

text: groups

text: of

text: men

text: each

text: The

text: cavalry

text: troops

text: were

text: used

text: as

text: scouts

text: and

text: dispatch

text: riders

text: rather

text: than

text: battlefield

text: cavalry

text: Legions

text: also

text: contained

text: a

text: dedicated

text: group

text: of

text: artillery

text: crew

text: of

text: perhaps

text: men

text: Each

text: legion

text: was

text: normally

text: partnered

text: with

text: an

text: approximately

text: equal

text: number

text: of

text: allied

text: non

text: Roman

text: troops

question: Around how many units could be expected to be contained within a cohort?

answer: 480 infantrymen

text: 480 infantrymen

question: How many troops were placed into each tent group?

answer: 8 men

text: 8 men

question: Who would now be used as scouts instead of fighting alongside the army in the battlefield?

answer: cavalry troops

text: cavalry troops

question: What designation of troops was considered to make up the majority of a legion?

answer: cohort

text: cohort


text: The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Electrical contacts may carry a "T" rating symbol indicating that they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps. For a 100-watt, 120-volt general-service lamp, the current stabilizes in about 0.10 seconds, and the lamp reaches 90% of its full brightness after about 0.13 seconds.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: The

text: actual

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: filament

text: is

text: temperature

text: dependent

text: The

text: cold

text: resistance

text: of

text: tungsten

text: filament

text: lamps

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: hot

text: filament

text: resistance

text: when

text: the

text: lamp

text: is

text: operating

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: lamp

text: has

text: a

text: resistance

text: of

text: ohms

text: when

text: lit

text: but

text: the

text: cold

text: resistance

text: is

text: much

text: lower

text: about

text: ohms

text: Since

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: are

text: resistive

text: loads

text: simple

text: phase

text: control

text: TRIAC

text: dimmers

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: control

text: brightness

text: Electrical

text: contacts

text: may

text: carry

text: a

text: T

text: rating

text: symbol

text: indicating

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: control

text: circuits

text: with

text: the

text: high

text: inrush

text: current

text: characteristic

text: of

text: tungsten

text: lamps

text: For

text: a

text: general

text: service

text: lamp

text: the

text: current

text: stabilizes

text: in

text: about

text: seconds

text: and

text: the

text: lamp

text: reaches

text: of

text: its

text: full

text: brightness

text: after

text: about

text: seconds

question: What determines the resistance of a filament?

answer: temperature

text: temperature

question: What does a "T" rating symbol on an electrical contact mean?

answer: they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps

text: they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps

question: How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness?

answer: 0.13 seconds

text: 0.13 seconds

question: How does the cold resistance of tungsten filament lamps compare to the hot resistance?

answer: The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance

text: The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance

question: What is the resistance of a typical lit 100-watt incandescent bulb?

answer: 144 ohms

text: 144 ohms

question: What does not determine the actual resistance of a filament?

text: temperature dependent

question: What does a "T' rating symbol on an electrical contact not mean?

question: How long does it take a typical 60-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness?

text: 0.13 seconds

question: What is the resistance of a typical lit 60 watt bulb?

text: 144 ohms


text: In the same year the first hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator went into service with gaseous hydrogen as a coolant in the rotor and the stator in 1937 at Dayton, Ohio, by the Dayton Power & Light Co.; because of the thermal conductivity of hydrogen gas, this is the most common type in its field today.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: first

text: hydrogen

text: cooled

text: turbogenerator

text: went

text: into

text: service

text: with

text: gaseous

text: hydrogen

text: as

text: a

text: coolant

text: in

text: the

text: rotor

text: and

text: the

text: stator

text: in

text: at

text: Dayton

text: Ohio

text: by

text: the

text: Dayton

text: Power

text: Light

text: Co.

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: gas

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: type

text: in

text: its

text: field

text: today

question: In what year did the first hydrogen cooled turbogenerator go into service?

answer: 1937

question: What state is the Dayton Power and light Company located?

answer: Ohio

text: Ohio