text: Commercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, brought about through selective breeding. Table grape cultivars tend to have large, seedless fruit (see below) with relatively thin skin. Wine grapes are smaller, usually seeded, and have relatively thick skins (a desirable characteristic in winemaking, since much of the aroma in wine comes from the skin). Wine grapes also tend to be very sweet: they are harvested at the time when their juice is approximately 24% sugar by weight. By comparison, commercially produced "100% grape juice", made from table grapes, is usually around 15% sugar by weight.

title: Grape

title: Grape

text: Commercially

text: cultivated

text: grapes

text: can

text: usually

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: either

text: table

text: or

text: wine

text: grapes

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: intended

text: method

text: of

text: consumption

text: eaten

text: raw

text: table

text: grapes

text: or

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: wine

text: wine

text: grapes

text: While

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: them

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: Vitis

text: vinifera

text: table

text: and

text: wine

text: grapes

text: have

text: significant

text: differences

text: brought

text: about

text: through

text: selective

text: breeding

text: Table

text: grape

text: cultivars

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: large

text: seedless

text: fruit

text: see

text: below

text: with

text: relatively

text: thin

text: skin

text: Wine

text: grapes

text: are

text: smaller

text: usually

text: seeded

text: and

text: have

text: relatively

text: thick

text: skins

text: a

text: desirable

text: characteristic

text: in

text: winemaking

text: since

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: aroma

text: in

text: wine

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: skin

text: Wine

text: grapes

text: also

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: sweet

text: they

text: are

text: harvested

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: when

text: their

text: juice

text: is

text: approximately

text: sugar

text: by

text: weight

text: By

text: comparison

text: commercially

text: produced

text: grape

text: juice

text: made

text: from

text: table

text: grapes

text: is

text: usually

text: around

text: sugar

text: by

text: weight

question: What are grapes that are eaten raw classified as?

answer: table grapes

text: table grapes

question: What are grapes that are used to make wine classified as?

answer: wine grapes

text: wine grapes

question: What specie are table grapes and wine grapes?

answer: Vitis vinifera

text: Vitis vinifera

question: What Classification of grapes are typically large and seedless?

answer: Table grape

text: Table grape

question: What percentage of a wine grape is sugar when it is harvested?

answer: approximately 24%

text: approximately 24%


text: The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with other national bodies and with EU citizens is normally in their respective language, but the ECB website is predominantly English; official documents such as the Annual Report are in the official languages of the EU.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: The

text: internal

text: working

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: ECB

text: is

text: generally

text: English

text: and

text: press

text: conferences

text: are

text: usually

text: held

text: in

text: English

text: External

text: communications

text: are

text: handled

text: flexibly

text: English

text: is

text: preferred

text: though

text: not

text: exclusively

text: for

text: communication

text: within

text: the

text: ESCB

text: i.e.

text: with

text: other

text: central

text: banks

text: and

text: with

text: financial

text: markets

text: communication

text: with

text: other

text: national

text: bodies

text: and

text: with

text: EU

text: citizens

text: is

text: normally

text: in

text: their

text: respective

text: language

text: but

text: the

text: ECB

text: website

text: is

text: predominantly

text: English

text: official

text: documents

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Annual

text: Report

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: EU

question: What language does the ECB generally use?

answer: English

text: English

question: When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used?

answer: normally in their respective language

text: normally in their respective language

question: What language is the ECB website run in?

answer: English

text: English

question: How are the languages of official documents handled?

answer: the official languages of the EU

text: the official languages of the EU

question: What language does the ECB generally forbid?

text: English

question: When in communication with other nationalities, what language is never used?

text: normally in their respective language

question: What language is the ECB website banned in?

text: English

question: How are the languages of official documents avoided?

text: the official languages of the EU


text: Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness such as reflexes can be mediated by the spinal cord or peripheral ganglia, but sophisticated purposeful control of behavior based on complex sensory input requires the information integrating capabilities of a centralized brain.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Physiologically

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: is

text: to

text: exert

text: centralized

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: other

text: organs

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: The

text: brain

text: acts

text: on

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: both

text: by

text: generating

text: patterns

text: of

text: muscle

text: activity

text: and

text: by

text: driving

text: the

text: secretion

text: of

text: chemicals

text: called

text: hormones

text: This

text: centralized

text: control

text: allows

text: rapid

text: and

text: coordinated

text: responses

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: environment

text: Some

text: basic

text: types

text: of

text: responsiveness

text: such

text: as

text: reflexes

text: can

text: be

text: mediated

text: by

text: the

text: spinal

text: cord

text: or

text: peripheral

text: ganglia

text: but

text: sophisticated

text: purposeful

text: control

text: of

text: behavior

text: based

text: on

text: complex

text: sensory

text: input

text: requires

text: the

text: information

text: integrating

text: capabilities

text: of

text: a

text: centralized

text: brain

question: Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body?

answer: The brain

text: The brain

question: What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain?

answer: reflexes

text: reflexes

question: Reflexes only require one of what two structures in a body?

answer: spinal cord or peripheral ganglia

text: spinal cord or peripheral ganglia


text: In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world’s energy by 2060 if politicians commit to limiting climate change. The energy from the sun could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters. "The strength of solar is the incredible variety and flexibility of applications, from small scale to big scale".

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: In

text: a

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Energy

text: Agency

text: found

text: that

text: solar

text: energy

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: photovoltaics

text: solar

text: hot

text: water

text: and

text: concentrated

text: solar

text: power

text: could

text: provide

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: energy

text: by

text: if

text: politicians

text: commit

text: to

text: limiting

text: climate

text: change

text: The

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: sun

text: could

text: play

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: de

text: carbonizing

text: the

text: global

text: economy

text: alongside

text: improvements

text: in

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: and

text: imposing

text: costs

text: on

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emitters

text: The

text: strength

text: of

text: solar

text: is

text: the

text: incredible

text: variety

text: and

text: flexibility

text: of

text: applications

text: from

text: small

text: scale

text: to

text: big

text: scale

question: According to a report in 2011, by what year could solar energy provide a third of the world's energy?

answer: 2060

question: What could the sun's energy do to help limit climate change?

answer: could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters

text: could play a key role in de-carbonizing the global economy alongside improvements in energy efficiency and imposing costs on greenhouse gas emitters


text: In 2002, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, a party with about 10% of the Legislative Yuan seats at the time, suggested making Taiwanese a second official language. This proposal encountered strong opposition not only from Mainlander groups but also from Hakka and Taiwanese aboriginal groups who felt that it would slight their home languages, as well as others including Hoklo who objected to the proposal on logistical grounds and on the grounds that it would increase ethnic tensions. Because of these objections, support for this measure was lukewarm among moderate Taiwan independence supporters, and the proposal did not pass.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: In

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Solidarity

text: Union

text: a

text: party

text: with

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Yuan

text: seats

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: suggested

text: making

text: Taiwanese

text: a

text: second

text: official

text: language

text: This

text: proposal

text: encountered

text: strong

text: opposition

text: not

text: only

text: from

text: Mainlander

text: groups

text: but

text: also

text: from

text: Hakka

text: and

text: Taiwanese

text: aboriginal

text: groups

text: who

text: felt

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: slight

text: their

text: home

text: languages

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: others

text: including

text: Hoklo

text: who

text: objected

text: to

text: the

text: proposal

text: on

text: logistical

text: grounds

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: increase

text: ethnic

text: tensions

text: Because

text: of

text: these

text: objections

text: support

text: for

text: this

text: measure

text: was

text: lukewarm

text: among

text: moderate

text: Taiwan

text: independence

text: supporters

text: and

text: the

text: proposal

text: did

text: not

text: pass

question: What party wanted to make Taiwanese a second official language?

answer: Taiwan Solidarity Union

text: Taiwan Solidarity Union

question: What year was it proposed to make Taiwanese the second official language?

answer: 2002

question: How was the proposal taken from mainland and aboriginal groups?

answer: This proposal encountered strong opposition

text: This proposal encountered strong opposition

question: Hoklo objected to the proposal because it would increase what tensions?

answer: ethnic

text: ethnic

question: What was the fate of the proposal to make Taiwanese the second official language?

answer: the proposal did not pass

text: the proposal did not pass

question: What did Mainlander groups suggest in 2002?

question: How many seats in the legislature did Taiwanese aboriginal groups have in 2002?

text: about 10%

question: What groups suggested making Taiwanese a second official language?

question: What would increase according to Taiwan independence supporters who strongly opposed the proposal?

text: increase ethnic tensions

question: What happened to the proposal about the Legislative Yuan seats?

text: the proposal did not pass


text: Since regaining independence, Estonia has pursued a foreign policy of close co-operation with its Western European partners. The two most important policy objectives in this regard have been accession into NATO and the European Union, achieved in March and May 2004 respectively. Estonia's international realignment toward the West has been accompanied by a general deterioration in relations with Russia, most recently demonstrated by the protest triggered by the controversial relocation of the Bronze Soldier World War II memorial in Tallinn.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Since

text: regaining

text: independence

text: Estonia

text: has

text: pursued

text: a

text: foreign

text: policy

text: of

text: close

text: co

text: operation

text: with

text: its

text: Western

text: European

text: partners

text: The

text: two

text: most

text: important

text: policy

text: objectives

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: have

text: been

text: accession

text: into

text: NATO

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: achieved

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: May

text: respectively

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: international

text: realignment

text: toward

text: the

text: West

text: has

text: been

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: general

text: deterioration

text: in

text: relations

text: with

text: Russia

text: most

text: recently

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: the

text: protest

text: triggered

text: by

text: the

text: controversial

text: relocation

text: of

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Soldier

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: memorial

text: in

text: Tallinn

question: What type of foreign policy has Estonia sought after getting their independence?

answer: close co-operation

text: close co-operation

question: What were the most important foreign policy priorities?

answer: accession into NATO and the European Union

text: accession into NATO and the European Union

question: What trend has accompanied Estonia's cooperation with Western powers?

answer: deterioration in relations with Russia

text: deterioration in relations with Russia


text: Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months later he fell ill, and he spent over a month in recovery at the Augusta National Golf Club. He returned to his post in New York in mid-May, and in July 1949 took a two-month vacation out-of-state. Because the American Assembly had begun to take shape, he traveled around the country during mid-to-late 1950, building financial support from Columbia Associates, an alumni association.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Within

text: months

text: of

text: beginning

text: his

text: tenure

text: as

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: requested

text: to

text: advise

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: James

text: Forrestal

text: on

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: services

text: About

text: six

text: months

text: after

text: his

text: appointment

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: informal

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Joint

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: in

text: Washington

text: Two

text: months

text: later

text: he

text: fell

text: ill

text: and

text: he

text: spent

text: over

text: a

text: month

text: in

text: recovery

text: at

text: the

text: Augusta

text: National

text: Golf

text: Club

text: He

text: returned

text: to

text: his

text: post

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: in

text: mid

text: May

text: and

text: in

text: July

text: took

text: a

text: two

text: month

text: vacation

text: out

text: of

text: state

text: Because

text: the

text: American

text: Assembly

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: take

text: shape

text: he

text: traveled

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: during

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: building

text: financial

text: support

text: from

text: Columbia

text: Associates

text: an

text: alumni

text: association

question: What position was held by James Forrestal?

answer: Secretary of Defense

text: Secretary of Defense

question: What position did Eisenhower informally hold?

answer: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

text: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

question: After becoming sick, where did Eisenhower recover?

answer: Augusta National Golf Club

text: Augusta National Golf Club

question: What was the name of Columbia University's alumni association?

answer: Columbia Associates

text: Columbia Associates

question: When did Eisenhower vacation for two months outside New York?

answer: July 1949

text: July 1949


text: While the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's army farther off on a distant plateau south of the town of Spicheren, and took this as a sign of Frossard's retreat. Ignoring Moltke's plan again, both German armies attacked Frossard's French 2nd Corps, fortified between Spicheren and Forbach.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: While

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: under

text: General

text: MacMahon

text: engaged

text: the

text: German

text: Army

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Wörth

text: the

text: German

text: Army

text: under

text: Steinmetz

text: finished

text: their

text: advance

text: west

text: from

text: Saarbrücken

text: A

text: patrol

text: from

text: the

text: German

text: Army

text: under

text: Prince

text: Friedrich

text: Karl

text: of

text: Prussia

text: spotted

text: decoy

text: fires

text: close

text: and

text: Frossard

text: 's

text: army

text: farther

text: off

text: on

text: a

text: distant

text: plateau

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Spicheren

text: and

text: took

text: this

text: as

text: a

text: sign

text: of

text: Frossard

text: 's

text: retreat

text: Ignoring

text: Moltke

text: 's

text: plan

text: again

text: both

text: German

text: armies

text: attacked

text: Frossard

text: 's

text: French

text: Corps

text: fortified

text: between

text: Spicheren

text: and

text: Forbach

question: Who commanded the French army at the battle of Worth?

answer: General MacMahon

text: General MacMahon

question: Which German divisison did MacMahon engage?

answer: German 3rd Army

text: German 3rd Army

question: Who commanded the German 1st Army?

answer: Steinmetz

text: Steinmetz

question: What did a German patrol spot that led them to believe that Frossard had retreated?

answer: decoy fires

text: decoy fires

question: Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard?

answer: Moltke's

text: Moltke's


text: A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: A

text: mandolin

text: Italian

text: mandolino

text: pronounced

text: mandoˈliːno

text: literally

text: small

text: mandola

text: is

text: a

text: musical

text: instrument

text: in

text: the

text: lute

text: family

text: and

text: is

text: usually

text: plucked

text: with

text: a

text: plectrum

text: or

text: pick

text: It

text: commonly

text: has

text: four

text: courses

text: of

text: doubled

text: metal

text: strings

text: tuned

text: in

text: unison

text: strings

text: although

text: five

text: strings

text: and

text: six

text: strings

text: course

text: versions

text: also

text: exist

text: The

text: courses

text: are

text: normally

text: tuned

text: in

text: a

text: succession

text: of

text: perfect

text: fifths

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: soprano

text: member

text: of

text: a

text: family

text: that

text: includes

text: the

text: mandola

text: octave

text: mandolin

text: mandocello

text: and

text: mandobass

question: What country did the mandolin originate from?

answer: Italian

text: Italian

question: What does mandolin translate to?

answer: small mandola

text: small mandola

question: What musical family does the mandolin come from?

answer: lute family

text: lute family

question: How is the mandolin usually played?

answer: usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick"

text: usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick"

question: How many courses does a mandolin commonly have?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is the Italian word for mandolino?

text: mandolin

question: What family is the lute in?

text: mandolin

question: What else does the family include in addition to the lute and mandolin?

question: What material is the lute's strings made of?

text: metal

question: What city did the mandolin originate from?

text: Italian

question: What does mandoleen translate to?

text: small mandola

question: What musical sister does the mandolin have?

text: lute

question: How is the mandolin not usually played?

text: plucked with a plectrum or "pick"

question: How many courses does a mandolin not commonly have?

text: four


text: An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway for a plane to take off or a helipad, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as control towers, hangars  and terminals. Larger airports may have fixed base operator services, airport aprons, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency services.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: An

text: airport

text: is

text: an

text: aerodrome

text: with

text: facilities

text: for

text: flights

text: to

text: take

text: off

text: and

text: land

text: Airports

text: often

text: have

text: facilities

text: to

text: store

text: and

text: maintain

text: aircraft

text: and

text: a

text: control

text: tower

text: An

text: airport

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: landing

text: area

text: which

text: comprises

text: an

text: aerially

text: accessible

text: open

text: space

text: including

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: operationally

text: active

text: surface

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: runway

text: for

text: a

text: plane

text: to

text: take

text: off

text: or

text: a

text: helipad

text: and

text: often

text: includes

text: adjacent

text: utility

text: buildings

text: such

text: as

text: control

text: towers

text: hangars

text: and

text: terminals

text: Larger

text: airports

text: may

text: have

text: fixed

text: base

text: operator

text: services

text: airport

text: aprons

text: air

text: traffic

text: control

text: centres

text: passenger

text: facilities

text: such

text: as

text: restaurants

text: and

text: lounges

text: and

text: emergency

text: services

question: What is an aerodome with facilities for flights to take off and land?

answer: airport

text: airport

question: What is an aerially accessible open space that includes at least one active surface such as a runway or a helipad?

answer: landing area

text: landing area

question: What is an airport?

answer: aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land

text: aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land

question: What is the definition of a control tower?

question: What do larger control towers have?

question: What is an example of the area around a utility building?

text: a landing area

question: What is an example of an airport apron?

question: What is the definition of a helipad?


text: In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player. Following this, there was media speculation that Harry Redknapp would take the job. However, on 1 May 2012, Roy Hodgson was announced as the new manager, just six weeks before UEFA Euro 2012. England managed to finish top of their group, winning two and drawing one of their fixtures, but exited the Championships in the quarter-finals via a penalty shoot-out, this time to Italy.

title: England_national_football_team

title: England_national_football_team

text: In

text: February

text: Capello

text: resigned

text: from

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: England

text: manager

text: following

text: a

text: disagreement

text: with

text: the

text: FA

text: over

text: their

text: request

text: to

text: remove

text: John

text: Terry

text: from

text: team

text: captaincy

text: after

text: accusations

text: of

text: racial

text: abuse

text: concerning

text: the

text: player

text: Following

text: this

text: there

text: was

text: media

text: speculation

text: that

text: Harry

text: Redknapp

text: would

text: take

text: the

text: job

text: However

text: on

text: May

text: Roy

text: Hodgson

text: was

text: announced

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: manager

text: just

text: six

text: weeks

text: before

text: UEFA

text: Euro

text: England

text: managed

text: to

text: finish

text: top

text: of

text: their

text: group

text: winning

text: two

text: and

text: drawing

text: one

text: of

text: their

text: fixtures

text: but

text: exited

text: the

text: Championships

text: in

text: the

text: quarter

text: finals

text: via

text: a

text: penalty

text: shoot

text: out

text: this

text: time

text: to

text: Italy

question: In what year did Capello resign as England's football manager?

answer: 2012

question: Capello resigned as England's football manager after a dispute over removing which player from team captaincy?

answer: John Terry

text: John Terry

question: Who became the new manager of England's football team in May of 2012?

answer: Roy Hodgson

text: Roy Hodgson

question: In which round of UEFA Euro 2012 was England eliminated?

answer: the quarter-finals

text: the quarter-finals

question: A defeat by which team ultimately eliminated England from UEFA Euro 2012?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: In what year was Capello made England's manager?

question: what country hosted the UEFA Euro 2012?

text: Italy

question: Who was the manager of Italy's team in 2012?

text: John Terry

question: In what year did John Terry become captain of England's team?

question: Who won the UEFA Euro 2012?

text: Italy


text: Buddhist meditation is fundamentally concerned with two themes: transforming the mind and using it to explore itself and other phenomena. According to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha taught two types of meditation, samatha meditation (Sanskrit: śamatha) and vipassanā meditation (Sanskrit: vipaśyanā). In Chinese Buddhism, these exist (translated chih kuan), but Chán (Zen) meditation is more popular. According to Peter Harvey, whenever Buddhism has been healthy, not only monks, nuns, and married lamas, but also more committed lay people have practiced meditation. According to Routledge's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, in contrast, throughout most of Buddhist history before modern times, serious meditation by lay people has been unusual. The evidence of the early texts suggests that at the time of the Buddha, many male and female lay practitioners did practice meditation, some even to the point of proficiency in all eight jhānas (see the next section regarding these).[note 11]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhist

text: meditation

text: is

text: fundamentally

text: concerned

text: with

text: two

text: themes

text: transforming

text: the

text: mind

text: and

text: using

text: it

text: to

text: explore

text: itself

text: and

text: other

text: phenomena

text: According

text: to

text: Theravada

text: Buddhism

text: the

text: Buddha

text: taught

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: meditation

text: samatha

text: meditation

text: Sanskrit

text: śamatha

text: and

text: vipassanā

text: meditation

text: Sanskrit

text: vipaśyanā

text: In

text: Chinese

text: Buddhism

text: these

text: exist

text: translated

text: chih

text: kuan

text: but

text: Chán

text: Zen

text: meditation

text: is

text: more

text: popular

text: According

text: to

text: Peter

text: Harvey

text: whenever

text: Buddhism

text: has

text: been

text: healthy

text: not

text: only

text: monks

text: nuns

text: and

text: married

text: lamas

text: but

text: also

text: more

text: committed

text: lay

text: people

text: have

text: practiced

text: meditation

text: According

text: to

text: Routledge

text: 's

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: in

text: contrast

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: Buddhist

text: history

text: before

text: modern

text: times

text: serious

text: meditation

text: by

text: lay

text: people

text: has

text: been

text: unusual

text: The

text: evidence

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: texts

text: suggests

text: that

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: many

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: lay

text: practitioners

text: did

text: practice

text: meditation

text: some

text: even

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: proficiency

text: in

text: all

text: eight

text: jhānas

text: see

text: the

text: next

text: section

text: regarding

text: these).[note

question: In Chinese Buddhism what meditation is more popular?

answer: Zen

text: Zen

question: Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what?

answer: jhānas

text: jhānas


text: The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceeding Houston's regional gross area product (GAP). In 2010, mining (which consists almost entirely of exploration and production of oil and gas in Houston) accounted for 26.3% of Houston's GAP up sharply in response to high energy prices and a decreased worldwide surplus of oil production capacity, followed by engineering services, health services, and manufacturing.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: The

text: Houston

text: The

text: Woodlands

text: Sugar

text: Land

text: MSA

text: 's

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: GDP

text: in

text: was

text: billion

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: of

text: any

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: larger

text: than

text: Austria

text: 's

text: Venezuela

text: 's

text: or

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: GDP

text: Only

text: countries

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: have

text: a

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: exceeding

text: Houston

text: 's

text: regional

text: gross

text: area

text: product

text: GAP

text: In

text: mining

text: which

text: consists

text: almost

text: entirely

text: of

text: exploration

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: in

text: Houston

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: Houston

text: 's

text: GAP

text: up

text: sharply

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: high

text: energy

text: prices

text: and

text: a

text: decreased

text: worldwide

text: surplus

text: of

text: oil

text: production

text: capacity

text: followed

text: by

text: engineering

text: services

text: health

text: services

text: and

text: manufacturing

question: What was Houston's gross domestic product in 2012?

answer: $489 billion

text: $489 billion

question: Where in the rankings does Houston's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas?

answer: fourth-largest

text: fourth-largest

question: How many other countries have a gross domestic product exceeding Houston's?

answer: 26

question: How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Houston's gross product?

answer: 26.3%

question: Under what category does oil and gas exploration fall?

answer: mining

text: mining

question: What was Houston's gross domestic product in 2001?

text: $489 billion

question: Where in the rankings does Texas's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas?

text: fourth-largest

question: ow many other countries have a gross domestic product exceeding Texas's?

question: How much did oil and gas exploration and production make up Texas's gross product?

question: Under what category does ocean exploration fall?

text: mining


text: In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2007[update], Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state subsidies, that include foodstuffs and especially gasoline, totaling more than $84 billion in 2008 for the energy sector alone. In 2010, the economic reform plan was approved by parliament to cut subsidies gradually and replace them with targeted social assistance. The objective is to move towards free market prices in a 5-year period and increase productivity and social justice.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: In

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: budget

text: came

text: from

text: oil

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: revenues

text: and

text: came

text: from

text: taxes

text: and

text: fees

text: As

text: of

text: Iran

text: had

text: earned

text: billion

text: in

text: foreign

text: exchange

text: reserves

text: mostly

text: from

text: crude

text: oil

text: exports

text: Iranian

text: budget

text: deficits

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: chronic

text: problem

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: large

text: scale

text: state

text: subsidies

text: that

text: include

text: foodstuffs

text: and

text: especially

text: gasoline

text: totaling

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: energy

text: sector

text: alone

text: In

text: the

text: economic

text: reform

text: plan

text: was

text: approved

text: by

text: parliament

text: to

text: cut

text: subsidies

text: gradually

text: and

text: replace

text: them

text: with

text: targeted

text: social

text: assistance

text: The

text: objective

text: is

text: to

text: move

text: towards

text: free

text: market

text: prices

text: in

text: a

text: period

text: and

text: increase

text: productivity

text: and

text: social

text: justice

question: By 2007, Iran's crude oil exports resulted in how much of its foreign exchange currency?

answer: $70 billion

text: $70 billion

question: What is a main cause of Iran's constant budget deficits?

answer: large-scale state subsidies

text: large-scale state subsidies

question: In 2008, how much was Iran's state subsidy in its energy sector?

answer: more than $84 billion

text: more than $84 billion

question: What year did Iran pass an economic reform plan that would replace subsidies with targeted social assistance programs?

answer: 2010

question: How much of Iran's budget came from oil and natural gas reserves in 2006?

answer: about 45%

text: about 45%


text: Organizations including Viacom, Mediaset, and the English Premier League have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1.5 billion times". YouTube responded by stating that it "goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works".

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: Organizations

text: including

text: Viacom

text: Mediaset

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Premier

text: League

text: have

text: filed

text: lawsuits

text: against

text: YouTube

text: claiming

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: done

text: too

text: little

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: uploading

text: of

text: copyrighted

text: material

text: Viacom

text: demanding

text: billion

text: in

text: damages

text: said

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: found

text: more

text: than

text: unauthorized

text: clips

text: of

text: its

text: material

text: on

text: YouTube

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: viewed

text: an

text: astounding

text: billion

text: times

text: YouTube

text: responded

text: by

text: stating

text: that

text: it

text: goes

text: far

text: beyond

text: its

text: legal

text: obligations

text: in

text: assisting

text: content

text: owners

text: to

text: protect

text: their

text: works

question: Companies including Viacom and Mediaset have done what against youtube?

answer: filed lawsuits

text: filed lawsuits

question: How much did Viacom want in damages in their lawsuit against youtube?

answer: $1 billion

text: $1 billion

question: What does youtube do to prevent losing lawsuits involving copyright infringement?

answer: goes far beyond its legal obligations

text: goes far beyond its legal obligations

question: How many unauthorized clips did Viacom allegedly find on youtube that infringed its copyrights?

answer: 150,000

question: What organizations has YouTube filed lawsuits against?

question: Who demanded $1.5 billion in damages?

text: Viacom

question: Who found that their content had been viewed "an astounding 1 billion times?"

text: Viacom


text: In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: In

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: closures

text: and

text: declining

text: revenue

text: from

text: casinos

text: Governor

text: Christie

text: said

text: in

text: September

text: that

text: the

text: state

text: would

text: consider

text: a

text: referendum

text: to

text: end

text: the

text: old

text: monopoly

text: that

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: holds

text: on

text: casino

text: gambling

text: and

text: allowing

text: gambling

text: in

text: other

text: municipalities

text: With

text: casino

text: revenue

text: declining

text: from

text: billion

text: in

text: to

text: billion

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: saw

text: a

text: drop

text: in

text: money

text: from

text: its

text: tax

text: on

text: those

text: earnings

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: fund

text: programs

text: for

text: senior

text: citizens

text: and

text: the

text: disabled

question: How long had Atlantic City held a monopoly on casino gambling?

answer: 40-year

question: Who said that the state would consider a referendum to end the monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling?

answer: Governor Christie

text: Governor Christie

question: When did Governor Christie say that the state would consider a referendum?

answer: September 2014

text: September 2014

question: How much was casino revenue in 2006?

answer: $5.2 billion

text: $5.2 billion

question: How much was casino revenue in 2013?

answer: $2.9 billion

text: $2.9 billion


text: Stressful life experiences may be a cause of memory loss as a person ages. Glucocorticoids that are released during stress damage neurons that are located in the hippocampal region of the brain. Therefore, the more stressful situations that someone encounters, the more susceptible they are to memory loss later on. The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus are destroyed due to glucocorticoids decreasing the release of glucose and the reuptake of glutamate. This high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors which in return kills neurons. Stressful life experiences can also cause repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind. This directly relates to traumatic events in one's past such as kidnappings, being prisoners of war or sexual abuse as a child.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Stressful

text: life

text: experiences

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: cause

text: of

text: memory

text: loss

text: as

text: a

text: person

text: ages

text: Glucocorticoids

text: that

text: are

text: released

text: during

text: stress

text: damage

text: neurons

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: hippocampal

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: Therefore

text: the

text: more

text: stressful

text: situations

text: that

text: someone

text: encounters

text: the

text: more

text: susceptible

text: they

text: are

text: to

text: memory

text: loss

text: later

text: on

text: The

text: neurons

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: are

text: destroyed

text: due

text: to

text: glucocorticoids

text: decreasing

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: glucose

text: and

text: the

text: reuptake

text: of

text: glutamate

text: This

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: extracellular

text: glutamate

text: allow

text: calcium

text: to

text: enter

text: NMDA

text: receptors

text: which

text: in

text: return

text: kills

text: neurons

text: Stressful

text: life

text: experiences

text: can

text: also

text: cause

text: repression

text: of

text: memories

text: where

text: a

text: person

text: moves

text: an

text: unbearable

text: memory

text: to

text: the

text: unconscious

text: mind

text: This

text: directly

text: relates

text: to

text: traumatic

text: events

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: past

text: such

text: as

text: kidnappings

text: being

text: prisoners

text: of

text: war

text: or

text: sexual

text: abuse

text: as

text: a

text: child

question: What neurons are damaged during stressful events?

answer: The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus

text: The CA1 neurons found in the hippocampus

question: What can make someone more prone to memory loss as they age?

answer: the more stressful situations that someone encounters,

text: the more stressful situations that someone encounters,

question: What will a person often do with extremely stressful memories?

answer: repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind

text: repression of memories where a person moves an unbearable memory to the unconscious mind

question: What is the cause of neuron loss due to stress?

answer: high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors

text: high level of extracellular glutamate allow calcium to enter NMDA receptors

question: What protons are damaged during stressful events?

question: What can make someone more prone to memory gain as they age?

text: Stressful life experiences

question: What will a person often do with extremely stressful thoughts?

question: What is the cause of neuron gain due to stress?

text: The CA1 neurons found

question: Where are the AC1 neurons found?

text: hippocampus


text: Although not a centre for handicrafts itself, the patronage of the arts by the Mughals and Nizams attracted artisans from the region to Hyderabad. Such crafts include: Bidriware, a metalwork handicraft from neighbouring Karnataka, which was popularised during the 18th century and has since been granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the auspices of the WTO act; and Zari and Zardozi, embroidery works on textile that involve making elaborate designs using gold, silver and other metal threads. Another example of a handicraft drawn to Hyderabad is Kalamkari, a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile that comes from cities in Andhra Pradesh. This craft is distinguished in having both a Hindu style, known as Srikalahasti and entirely done by hand, and an Islamic style, known as Machilipatnam that uses both hand and block techniques. Examples of Hyderabad's arts and crafts are housed in various museums including the Salar Jung Museum (housing "one of the largest one-man-collections in the world"), the AP State Archaeology Museum, the Nizam Museum, the City Museum and the Birla Science Museum.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Although

text: not

text: a

text: centre

text: for

text: handicrafts

text: itself

text: the

text: patronage

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: by

text: the

text: Mughals

text: and

text: Nizams

text: attracted

text: artisans

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: to

text: Hyderabad

text: Such

text: crafts

text: include

text: Bidriware

text: a

text: metalwork

text: handicraft

text: from

text: neighbouring

text: Karnataka

text: which

text: was

text: popularised

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: granted

text: a

text: Geographical

text: Indication

text: GI

text: tag

text: under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: WTO

text: act

text: and

text: Zari

text: and

text: Zardozi

text: embroidery

text: works

text: on

text: textile

text: that

text: involve

text: making

text: elaborate

text: designs

text: using

text: gold

text: silver

text: and

text: other

text: metal

text: threads

text: Another

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: handicraft

text: drawn

text: to

text: Hyderabad

text: is

text: Kalamkari

text: a

text: hand

text: painted

text: or

text: block

text: printed

text: cotton

text: textile

text: that

text: comes

text: from

text: cities

text: in

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: This

text: craft

text: is

text: distinguished

text: in

text: having

text: both

text: a

text: Hindu

text: style

text: known

text: as

text: Srikalahasti

text: and

text: entirely

text: done

text: by

text: hand

text: and

text: an

text: Islamic

text: style

text: known

text: as

text: Machilipatnam

text: that

text: uses

text: both

text: hand

text: and

text: block

text: techniques

text: Examples

text: of

text: Hyderabad

text: 's

text: arts

text: and

text: crafts

text: are

text: housed

text: in

text: various

text: museums

text: including

text: the

text: Salar

text: Jung

text: Museum

text: housing

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: one

text: man

text: collections

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: AP

text: State

text: Archaeology

text: Museum

text: the

text: Nizam

text: Museum

text: the

text: City

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Birla

text: Science

text: Museum

question: In which century did metalwork become popular in Hyderabad?

answer: the 18th century

text: the 18th century

question: Under which act is the Geographical Indication tag granted?

answer: the WTO act

text: the WTO act

question: What is Zardozi an example of?

answer: embroidery works on textile

text: embroidery works on textile

question: What is Kalamkari?

answer: a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile

text: a hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile

question: In what style is Kalamkari made?

answer: a Hindu style, known as Srikalahasti

text: a Hindu style, known as Srikalahasti


text: Officially, human sacrifice was obnoxious "to the laws of gods and men." The practice was a mark of the "Other", attributed to Rome's traditional enemies such as the Carthaginians and Gauls. Rome banned it on several occasions under extreme penalty. A law passed in 81 BC characterised human sacrifice as murder committed for magical purposes. Pliny saw the ending of human sacrifice conducted by the druids as a positive consequence of the conquest of Gaul and Britain. Despite an empire-wide ban under Hadrian, human sacrifice may have continued covertly in North Africa and elsewhere.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Officially

text: human

text: sacrifice

text: was

text: obnoxious

text: to

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: gods

text: and

text: men

text: The

text: practice

text: was

text: a

text: mark

text: of

text: the

text: Other

text: attributed

text: to

text: Rome

text: 's

text: traditional

text: enemies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Carthaginians

text: and

text: Gauls

text: Rome

text: banned

text: it

text: on

text: several

text: occasions

text: under

text: extreme

text: penalty

text: A

text: law

text: passed

text: in

text: BC

text: characterised

text: human

text: sacrifice

text: as

text: murder

text: committed

text: for

text: magical

text: purposes

text: Pliny

text: saw

text: the

text: ending

text: of

text: human

text: sacrifice

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: druids

text: as

text: a

text: positive

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: Gaul

text: and

text: Britain

text: Despite

text: an

text: empire

text: wide

text: ban

text: under

text: Hadrian

text: human

text: sacrifice

text: may

text: have

text: continued

text: covertly

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: elsewhere

question: What act did Romans view as obnoxious?

answer: human sacrifice

text: human sacrifice

question: To whom was human sacrifice usually attributed?

answer: enemies

text: enemies

question: What did Rome do about human sacrifice?

answer: banned it

text: banned it

question: As what  did the law of 81 BC view human sacrifice?

answer: murder

text: murder

question: What ruler banned human sacrifice empire wide?

answer: Hadrian

text: Hadrian


text: Public funding and private investment have also been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods. In April 2008, the city announced a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. The city's working plans for neighborhood revitalizations include 7-Mile/Livernois, Brightmoor, East English Village, Grand River/Greenfield, North End, and Osborn. Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to the efforts. Additionally, the city has cleared a 1,200-acre (490 ha) section of land for large-scale neighborhood construction, which the city is calling the Far Eastside Plan. In 2011, Mayor Bing announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Public

text: funding

text: and

text: private

text: investment

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: made

text: with

text: promises

text: to

text: rehabilitate

text: neighborhoods

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: city

text: announced

text: a

text: stimulus

text: plan

text: to

text: create

text: jobs

text: and

text: revitalize

text: neighborhoods

text: financed

text: by

text: city

text: bonds

text: and

text: paid

text: for

text: by

text: earmarking

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: wagering

text: tax

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: working

text: plans

text: for

text: neighborhood

text: revitalizations

text: include

text: Livernois

text: Brightmoor

text: East

text: English

text: Village

text: Grand

text: River

text: Greenfield

text: North

text: End

text: and

text: Osborn

text: Private

text: organizations

text: have

text: pledged

text: substantial

text: funding

text: to

text: the

text: efforts

text: Additionally

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: cleared

text: a

text: ha

text: section

text: of

text: land

text: for

text: large

text: scale

text: neighborhood

text: construction

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: calling

text: the

text: Far

text: Eastside

text: Plan

text: In

text: Mayor

text: Bing

text: announced

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: categorize

text: neighborhoods

text: by

text: their

text: needs

text: and

text: prioritize

text: the

text: most

text: needed

text: services

text: for

text: those

text: neighborhoods

question: How much in stimulus money was announced in 2008?

answer: $300-million

question: Who was the Mayor of Detroit in 2011?

answer: Mayor Bing

text: Mayor Bing

question: What is the plan called that seeks to clear land for neighborhood construction?

answer: Far Eastside Plan

text: Far Eastside Plan

question: How many acres of land does the Far Eastside Plan seek to clear?

answer: 1,200

question: How was the 2008 stimulus plan payed for?

answer: earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax

text: earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax


text: During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: During

text: Reconstruction

text: freedmen

text: and

text: former

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: were

text: granted

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: vote

text: most

text: joined

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: Numerous

text: African

text: Americans

text: were

text: elected

text: to

text: local

text: offices

text: and

text: some

text: to

text: state

text: office

text: Following

text: Reconstruction

text: Tennessee

text: continued

text: to

text: have

text: competitive

text: party

text: politics

text: But

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: white

text: dominated

text: state

text: government

text: passed

text: four

text: laws

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: which

text: imposed

text: a

text: poll

text: tax

text: requirement

text: for

text: voter

text: registration

text: These

text: served

text: to

text: disenfranchise

text: most

text: African

text: Americans

text: and

text: their

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: cities

text: where

text: they

text: had

text: significant

text: population

text: was

text: markedly

text: reduced

text: In

text: African

text: Americans

text: comprised

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: population

text: concentrated

text: in

text: Middle

text: and

text: West

text: Tennessee

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: approved

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: commission

text: government

text: for

text: cities

text: based

text: on

text: at

text: large

text: voting

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: positions

text: on

text: a

text: Board

text: of

text: Commission

text: several

text: adopted

text: this

text: as

text: another

text: means

text: to

text: limit

text: African

text: American

text: political

text: participation

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: enacted

text: a

text: bill

text: enabling

text: cities

text: to

text: adopt

text: this

text: structure

text: without

text: legislative

text: approval

question: Which party did most former slaves join when they were given the right to vote after the Civil War?

answer: Republican

text: Republican

question: In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax?

answer: 1880s

question: Which party declined in Tennessee politics following voting reform legislation during Reconstruction?

answer: Republican

text: Republican

question: What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900?

answer: 23.8

question: In 1913, the Tennessee state legislature made which organizational structure the default form of city government in the state?

answer: Board of Commission

text: Board of Commission


text: The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period 2013–2016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alexander Tschäppät. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht Stürler after 1747.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: City

text: Council

text: Gemeinderat

text: constitutes

text: the

text: executive

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Bern

text: and

text: operates

text: as

text: a

text: collegiate

text: authority

text: It

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: five

text: councilors

text: German

text: Gemeinderat/-rätin

text: each

text: presiding

text: over

text: a

text: directorate

text: Direktion

text: comprising

text: several

text: departments

text: and

text: bureaus

text: The

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: department

text: acts

text: as

text: mayor

text: Stadtpräsident

text: In

text: the

text: mandate

text: period

text: Legislatur

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: is

text: presided

text: by

text: Stadtpräsident

text: Alexander

text: Tschäppät

text: Departmental

text: tasks

text: coordination

text: measures

text: and

text: implementation

text: of

text: laws

text: decreed

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: Parliament

text: are

text: carried

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: The

text: regular

text: election

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: by

text: any

text: inhabitant

text: valid

text: to

text: vote

text: is

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: Any

text: resident

text: of

text: Bern

text: allowed

text: to

text: vote

text: can

text: be

text: elected

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: The

text: delegates

text: are

text: selected

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: Majorz

text: The

text: mayor

text: is

text: elected

text: as

text: such

text: as

text: well

text: by

text: public

text: election

text: while

text: the

text: heads

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: directorates

text: are

text: assigned

text: by

text: the

text: collegiate

text: The

text: executive

text: body

text: holds

text: its

text: meetings

text: in

text: the

text: Erlacherhof

text: built

text: by

text: architect

text: Albrecht

text: Stürler

text: after

question: How does the government of Bern operate?

answer: as a collegiate authority.

text: as a collegiate authority.

question: How many councilors are there?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident?

answer: Alexander Tschäppät

text: Alexander Tschäppät

question: How after are the elections?

answer: every four years.

text: every four years.

question: Where is the executive body held?

answer: in the Erlacherhof

text: in the Erlacherhof


text: The landing was north of Sevastopol, so the Russians had arrayed their army in expectation of a direct attack. The allies advanced and on the morning of 20 September came up to the Alma river and the whole Russian army. The position was strong, but after three hours,:424 the frontal attack had driven the Russians out of their dug in positions with losses of 6000 men. The Battle of the Alma had 3,300 Allied losses. Failing to pursue the retreating forces was one of many strategic errors made during the war, and the Russians themselves noted that had they pressed south that day they would have easily captured Sevastopol.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: landing

text: was

text: north

text: of

text: Sevastopol

text: so

text: the

text: Russians

text: had

text: arrayed

text: their

text: army

text: in

text: expectation

text: of

text: a

text: direct

text: attack

text: The

text: allies

text: advanced

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: morning

text: of

text: September

text: came

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Alma

text: river

text: and

text: the

text: whole

text: Russian

text: army

text: The

text: position

text: was

text: strong

text: but

text: after

text: three

text: the

text: frontal

text: attack

text: had

text: driven

text: the

text: Russians

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: dug

text: in

text: positions

text: with

text: losses

text: of

text: men

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Alma

text: had

text: Allied

text: losses

text: Failing

text: to

text: pursue

text: the

text: retreating

text: forces

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: many

text: strategic

text: errors

text: made

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: the

text: Russians

text: themselves

text: noted

text: that

text: had

text: they

text: pressed

text: south

text: that

text: day

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: easily

text: captured

text: Sevastopol

question: How many men did the Russians lose after three hours?

answer: 6000 men

text: 6000 men

question: Which river did the allies come across the Russian Army?

answer: Alma river

text: Alma river

question: How many hours did it take to force the Russians away during the attack?

answer: three hours

text: three hours

question: How many allies were lost during the battle?

answer: 3,300

question: Which way did the Russians believe they should have traveled?

answer: south

text: south


text: The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in the war, including the Ukrainian nationalist Green Army, the Ukrainian anarchist Black Army and Black Guards, and warlords such as Ungern von Sternberg. The most intense fighting took place from 1918 to 1920. Major military operations ended on 25 October 1922 when the Red Army occupied Vladivostok, previously held by the Provisional Priamur Government. The last enclave of the White Forces was the Ayano-Maysky District on the Pacific coast. The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: principal

text: fighting

text: occurred

text: between

text: the

text: Bolshevik

text: Red

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Army

text: Many

text: foreign

text: armies

text: warred

text: against

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: notably

text: the

text: Allied

text: Forces

text: yet

text: many

text: volunteer

text: foreigners

text: fought

text: in

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: Other

text: nationalist

text: and

text: regional

text: political

text: groups

text: also

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: nationalist

text: Green

text: Army

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: anarchist

text: Black

text: Army

text: and

text: Black

text: Guards

text: and

text: warlords

text: such

text: as

text: Ungern

text: von

text: Sternberg

text: The

text: most

text: intense

text: fighting

text: took

text: place

text: from

text: to

text: Major

text: military

text: operations

text: ended

text: on

text: October

text: when

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: occupied

text: Vladivostok

text: previously

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Provisional

text: Priamur

text: Government

text: The

text: last

text: enclave

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Forces

text: was

text: the

text: Ayano

text: Maysky

text: District

text: on

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coast

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: fighting

text: ended

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: General

text: Pyotr

text: Wrangel

text: in

text: the

text: Crimea

text: but

text: a

text: notable

text: resistance

text: in

text: certain

text: areas

text: continued

text: until

text: e.g.

text: Kronstadt

text: Uprising

text: Tambov

text: Rebellion

text: Basmachi

text: Revolt

text: and

text: the

text: final

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: Far

text: East

question: Who was the principal fighting between?

answer: Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army.

text: Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army.

question: In what time period did the most brutal battles occur?

answer: 1918 to 1920

text: 1918 to 1920

question: When did the major military operation end?

answer: 25 October 1922

text: 25 October 1922

question: What general was defeated in 1920?

answer: General Pyotr Wrangel

text: General Pyotr Wrangel

question: Where did the last Resistance from the White movement occur?

answer: Far East

text: Far East


text: Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can still be heard in various parts of the city centre. One of the biggest free newspapers in the city is the Cork Independent. The city's University publishes the UCC Express and Motley magazine.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: Cork

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: Ireland

text: 's

text: main

text: national

text: newspapers

text: the

text: Irish

text: Examiner

text: formerly

text: the

text: Cork

text: Examiner

text: It

text: also

text: prints

text: the

text: Evening

text: Echo

text: which

text: for

text: decades

text: has

text: been

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Echo

text: Boys

text: who

text: were

text: poor

text: and

text: often

text: homeless

text: children

text: who

text: sold

text: the

text: newspaper

text: Today

text: the

text: shouts

text: of

text: the

text: vendors

text: selling

text: the

text: Echo

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: heard

text: in

text: various

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: free

text: newspapers

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: Cork

text: Independent

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: University

text: publishes

text: the

text: UCC

text: Express

text: and

text: Motley

text: magazine

question: WHich Irish newspaper has it's homebase in Cork, Ireland?

answer: the Irish Examiner

text: the Irish Examiner

question: What was the Irish Examiner's previous identity?

answer: Cork Examiner

text: Cork Examiner

question: Who are the Echo Boys?

answer: poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper

text: poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper

question: What newspaper did the Echo Boys sell?

answer: Evening Echo

text: Evening Echo

question: What publications are put out by the UCC?

answer: UCC Express and Motley magazine

text: UCC Express and Motley magazine

question: What did the Irish Examiner change its name to?

text: Cork Examiner

question: Who prints the Echo Boys?

text: Irish Examiner

question: What paper is still sold by poor and homeless boys?

text: Evening Echo

question: What is Corks only free newspaper?

text: Cork Independent

question: What was the UCC Express formerly called?

text: the Cork Examiner

question: What does the Motley magazine print?

text: the Evening Echo

question: For how long has the Cork Independent been connected to the Echo Boys?

text: decades

question: Who are the UCC Express Boys?

text: poor and often homeless children

question: What did the UCC Express Boys do?

text: sold the newspaper


text: ^7 A census category recognized as an ethnic group. Most Slavic Muslims (especially in Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia) now opt for Bosniak ethnicity, but some still use the "Muslim" designation. Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably. However, a small number of people within Bosnia and Herzegovina declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: A

text: census

text: category

text: recognized

text: as

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: Most

text: Slavic

text: Muslims

text: especially

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: Croatia

text: Montenegro

text: and

text: Serbia

text: now

text: opt

text: for

text: Bosniak

text: ethnicity

text: but

text: some

text: still

text: use

text: the

text: Muslim

text: designation

text: Bosniak

text: and

text: Muslim

text: are

text: considered

text: two

text: ethnonyms

text: for

text: a

text: single

text: ethnicity

text: and

text: the

text: terms

text: may

text: even

text: be

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: However

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: within

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: declare

text: themselves

text: Bosniak

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: necessarily

text: Muslim

text: by

text: faith

question: Most Slavic Muslims now opt for what ethnicity?

answer: Bosniak

text: Bosniak

question: What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?

answer: Bosniak and Muslim

text: Bosniak and Muslim

question: A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?

answer: Bosnia and Herzegovina

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina

question: Which areas tend to use the Muslim designation?

text: Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia

question: What two terms cannot be used interchangeably?

text: Bosniak and Muslim

question: What religion do people who declare themselves as Bosniak always have?

text: Muslim

question: What oddity in people who declare themselves as Bosniak can be found in Croatia?

text: not necessarily Muslim by faith

question: What country besides Bosnia are Bosniaks always also Muslim?

text: Herzegovina


text: Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. In March 2015 IMAX corporation announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas, following Skyfall's success with the company. In the UK it received a wider release than Skyfall, with a minimum of 647 cinemas including 40 IMAX screens, compared to Skyfall's 587 locations and 21 IMAX screens.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: Spectre

text: had

text: its

text: world

text: premiere

text: in

text: London

text: on

text: October

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Albert

text: Hall

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: as

text: its

text: general

text: release

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Following

text: the

text: announcement

text: of

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: filming

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: brought

text: forward

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Mission

text: Impossible

text: Rogue

text: Nation

text: to

text: avoid

text: competing

text: with

text: Spectre

text: In

text: March

text: IMAX

text: corporation

text: announced

text: that

text: Spectre

text: would

text: be

text: screened

text: in

text: its

text: cinemas

text: following

text: Skyfall

text: 's

text: success

text: with

text: the

text: company

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: it

text: received

text: a

text: wider

text: release

text: than

text: Skyfall

text: with

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: cinemas

text: including

text: IMAX

text: screens

text: compared

text: to

text: Skyfall

text: 's

text: locations

text: and

text: IMAX

text: screens

question: Where was the first showing of Spectre held?

answer: Royal Albert Hall

text: Royal Albert Hall

question: On what date was Spectre first shown for general audiences?

answer: 26 October 2015

text: 26 October 2015

question: What movie prompted IMAX to show Spectre?

answer: Skyfall

text: Skyfall

question: What film opening was changed so it didn't compete with Spectre?

answer: Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation

text: Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation

question: Which film had a wider release in the UK, Skyfall or Spectre?

answer: Spectre.

text: Spectre.

question: Spectre had its world premiere on 26 December of what year?

question: Who had its world premiere at Westminster Hall?

text: Spectre

question: Who pushed back the release of Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre?

text: Paramount Pictures

question: IMAX announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas in January of what year?

question: In the UK, Spectre received a smaller release than what?

text: Skyfall


text: China: The torch returned to China for the first time since April. The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan. The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: China

text: The

text: torch

text: returned

text: to

text: China

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: April

text: The

text: torch

text: arrived

text: in

text: Sanya

text: Hainan

text: on

text: May

text: with

text: celebrations

text: attended

text: by

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: IOC

text: officials

text: and

text: Chinese

text: big

text: names

text: like

text: Jackie

text: Chan

text: The

text: entire

text: relay

text: through

text: Mainland

text: China

text: was

text: largely

text: a

text: success

text: with

text: many

text: people

text: welcoming

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: along

text: the

text: way

question: After its April departure, when did the torch return to China?

answer: May 4

text: May 4

question: What actor attended a torch celebration in China?

answer: Jackie Chan

text: Jackie Chan

question: When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan?

answer: May 4

text: May 4

question: When was the last time the torch had been in China?

answer: April.

text: April.

question: Who attended the celebrations?

answer: IOC

text: IOC

question: Which actor also attended the celebrations?

answer: Jackie Chan.

text: Jackie Chan.


text: BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: COMPASS

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: extension

text: to

text: the

text: older

text: but

text: rather

text: supersedes

text: it

text: outright

text: The

text: new

text: system

text: will

text: be

text: a

text: constellation

text: of

text: satellites

text: which

text: include

text: geostationary

text: orbit

text: satellites

text: for

text: backward

text: compatibility

text: with

text: and

text: non

text: geostationary

text: satellites

text: in

text: medium

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: and

text: in

text: inclined

text: geosynchronous

text: orbit

text: that

text: will

text: offer

text: complete

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: globe

question: What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?

answer: COMPASS

text: COMPASS

question: How may satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?

answer: 35

question: How many geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?

answer: 5

question: How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?

answer: 30

question: What is the purpose of the geostationary orbit satellites in the BeiDou-2 system?

answer: for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1

text: for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1

question: What was BeiDou-3 formerly known as?

text: COMPASS

question: MAPS is the former name of which satellite?

question: Which system will consist of 40 satellites?

text: The new system

question: The old system will consist of how many non-geostationary satellites satellites?


text: The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-altitude lakes referred to in Tibetan as tso or co. These include Qinghai Lake, Lake Manasarovar, Namtso, Pangong Tso, Yamdrok Lake, Siling Co, Lhamo La-tso, Lumajangdong Co, Lake Puma Yumco, Lake Paiku, Lake Rakshastal, Dagze Co and Dong Co. The Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor) is the largest lake in the People's Republic of China.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: Indus

text: and

text: Brahmaputra

text: rivers

text: originate

text: from

text: a

text: lake

text: Tib

text: Tso

text: Mapham

text: in

text: Western

text: Tibet

text: near

text: Mount

text: Kailash

text: The

text: mountain

text: is

text: a

text: holy

text: pilgrimage

text: site

text: for

text: both

text: Hindus

text: and

text: Tibetans

text: The

text: Hindus

text: consider

text: the

text: mountain

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: abode

text: of

text: Lord

text: Shiva

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: name

text: for

text: Mt.

text: Kailash

text: is

text: Khang

text: Rinpoche

text: Tibet

text: has

text: numerous

text: high

text: altitude

text: lakes

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Tibetan

text: as

text: tso

text: or

text: co.

text: These

text: include

text: Qinghai

text: Lake

text: Lake

text: Manasarovar

text: Namtso

text: Pangong

text: Tso

text: Yamdrok

text: Lake

text: Siling

text: Co

text: Lhamo

text: La

text: tso

text: Lumajangdong

text: Co

text: Lake

text: Puma

text: Yumco

text: Lake

text: Paiku

text: Lake

text: Rakshastal

text: Dagze

text: Co

text: and

text: Dong

text: Co.

text: The

text: Qinghai

text: Lake

text: Koko

text: Nor

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

question: Which mountain is a holy pilgrimage for both Hindus and Tibetans?

answer: Mount Kailash

text: Mount Kailash

question: Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash?

answer: Lord Shiva

text: Lord Shiva

question: What is the Tibetan name for Mount Kailash?

answer: Khang Rinpoche

text: Khang Rinpoche

question: Which lake is the largest in China?

answer: Qinghai Lake

text: Qinghai Lake

question: What mountain is a holy site for Hindus and Indus?

text: Mount Kailash

question: Who do the Tibetans consider Mount Kailash to be the abode of?

text: Lord Shiva

question: What is the Hindu name for Mt. Kailash?

text: Khang Rinpoche

question: What are the Hindu words for high-altitude lakes?

text: tso or co


text: Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Electrical wiring is the most important market for the copper industry. This includes building wire, communications cable, power distribution cable, appliance wire, automotive wire and cable, and magnet wire. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, tensile strength, ductility, creep (deformation) resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, solderability, and ease of installation.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Despite

text: competition

text: from

text: other

text: materials

text: copper

text: remains

text: the

text: preferred

text: electrical

text: conductor

text: in

text: nearly

text: all

text: categories

text: of

text: electrical

text: wiring

text: with

text: the

text: major

text: exception

text: being

text: overhead

text: electric

text: power

text: transmission

text: where

text: aluminium

text: is

text: often

text: preferred

text: Copper

text: wire

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: power

text: generation

text: power

text: transmission

text: power

text: distribution

text: telecommunications

text: electronics

text: circuitry

text: and

text: countless

text: types

text: of

text: electrical

text: equipment

text: Electrical

text: wiring

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: market

text: for

text: the

text: copper

text: industry

text: This

text: includes

text: building

text: wire

text: communications

text: cable

text: power

text: distribution

text: cable

text: appliance

text: wire

text: automotive

text: wire

text: and

text: cable

text: and

text: magnet

text: wire

text: Roughly

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: copper

text: mined

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: manufacture

text: electrical

text: wire

text: and

text: cable

text: conductors

text: Many

text: electrical

text: devices

text: rely

text: on

text: copper

text: wiring

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: multitude

text: of

text: inherent

text: beneficial

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: its

text: high

text: electrical

text: conductivity

text: tensile

text: strength

text: ductility

text: creep

text: deformation

text: resistance

text: corrosion

text: resistance

text: low

text: thermal

text: expansion

text: high

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: solderability

text: and

text: ease

text: of

text: installation

question: What metal is used most often in electrical wiring?

answer: copper

text: copper

question: What is the most important market for copper today?

answer: Electrical wiring

text: Electrical wiring

question: How much of mined copper is used for cables and electrical wiring?

answer: Roughly half

text: Roughly half

question: What metal are most overhead electrical wires made out of?

answer: aluminium

text: aluminium

question: What is one property of copper that makes it so useful in electrical wiring?

answer: high electrical conductivity

text: high electrical conductivity

question: What metal is used least often in electrical wiring?

text: copper

question: What is the most corrupt market for copper today?

text: Electrical wiring

question: How much of mined copper is used for science experiments?

text: Roughly half

question: What liquid are most overhead electrical wires made out of?

text: aluminium

question: What is one property of copper that makes it so unhelpful in electrical wiring?

text: high electrical conductivity


text: where  is the maximum possible exposure that does not lead to a clipped or bloomed camera output. Typically, the lower limit of the saturation speed is determined by the sensor itself, but with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter, the saturation speed can be increased. The factor 78 is chosen such that exposure settings based on a standard light meter and an 18-percent reflective surface will result in an image with a grey level of 18%/√2 = 12.7% of saturation. The factor √2 indicates that there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: where

text: is

text: the

text: maximum

text: possible

text: exposure

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: lead

text: to

text: a

text: clipped

text: or

text: bloomed

text: camera

text: output

text: Typically

text: the

text: lower

text: limit

text: of

text: the

text: saturation

text: speed

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: sensor

text: itself

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: gain

text: of

text: the

text: amplifier

text: between

text: the

text: sensor

text: and

text: the

text: analog

text: to

text: digital

text: converter

text: the

text: saturation

text: speed

text: can

text: be

text: increased

text: The

text: factor

text: is

text: chosen

text: such

text: that

text: exposure

text: settings

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: standard

text: light

text: meter

text: and

text: an

text: reflective

text: surface

text: will

text: result

text: in

text: an

text: image

text: with

text: a

text: grey

text: level

text: of

text: of

text: saturation

text: The

text: factor

text: √2

text: indicates

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: half

text: a

text: stop

text: of

text: headroom

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: specular

text: reflections

text: that

text: would

text: appear

text: brighter

text: than

text: a

text: reflecting

text: white

text: surface

question: What does the sensor usually determine?

answer: lower limit of the saturation speed

text: lower limit of the saturation speed

question: How can the saturation speed be increased?

answer: with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter

text: with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter

question: What is indicated by the factor √2?

answer: there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface

text: there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface

question: What can too much exposure lead to?

answer: clipped or bloomed camera output

text: clipped or bloomed camera output

question: The lower limit of saturation speed leads to what?

text: a clipped or bloomed camera output

question: What does the amplifier prevent from increasing?

text: the saturation speed

question: Why is the factor of 78 avoided?

question: A grey level of 12.7 results in what saturation?

question: What is the upper limit of saturation determined by?

text: the sensor itself


text: Corruption can also affect the various components of sports activities (referees, players, medical and laboratory staff involved in anti-doping controls, members of national sport federation and international committees deciding about the allocation of contracts and competition places).

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Corruption

text: can

text: also

text: affect

text: the

text: various

text: components

text: of

text: sports

text: activities

text: referees

text: players

text: medical

text: and

text: laboratory

text: staff

text: involved

text: in

text: anti

text: doping

text: controls

text: members

text: of

text: national

text: sport

text: federation

text: and

text: international

text: committees

text: deciding

text: about

text: the

text: allocation

text: of

text: contracts

text: and

text: competition

text: places

question: Corruption can determine certain things in what kind of activities?

answer: sports

text: sports

question: Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports?

answer: anti-doping controls

text: anti-doping controls


text: The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug. For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. Antibiotics such as penicillin and erythromycin, which used to have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains, have become less effective, due to the increased resistance of many bacterial strains.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: The

text: emergence

text: of

text: resistance

text: of

text: bacteria

text: to

text: antibiotics

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: phenomenon

text: Emergence

text: of

text: resistance

text: often

text: reflects

text: evolutionary

text: processes

text: that

text: take

text: place

text: during

text: antibiotic

text: therapy

text: The

text: antibiotic

text: treatment

text: may

text: select

text: for

text: bacterial

text: strains

text: with

text: physiologically

text: or

text: genetically

text: enhanced

text: capacity

text: to

text: survive

text: high

text: doses

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: Under

text: certain

text: conditions

text: it

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: preferential

text: growth

text: of

text: resistant

text: bacteria

text: while

text: growth

text: of

text: susceptible

text: bacteria

text: is

text: inhibited

text: by

text: the

text: drug

text: For

text: example

text: antibacterial

text: selection

text: for

text: strains

text: having

text: previously

text: acquired

text: antibacterial

text: resistance

text: genes

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Luria

text: Delbrück

text: experiment

text: Antibiotics

text: such

text: as

text: penicillin

text: and

text: erythromycin

text: which

text: used

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: high

text: efficacy

text: against

text: many

text: bacterial

text: species

text: and

text: strains

text: have

text: become

text: less

text: effective

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: increased

text: resistance

text: of

text: many

text: bacterial

text: strains

question: What does emergence of resistance reflect?

answer: evolutionary processes

text: evolutionary processes

question: What is the purpose of antibiotic treatment?

answer: survive high doses of antibiotics

text: survive high doses of antibiotics

question: When was antibacterial-resistance demonstrated?

answer: 1943

question: Who made the demonstration in 1943?

answer: Luria–Delbrück

text: Luria–Delbrück

question: What is a modern common occurence with antibiotics?

answer: resistance of bacteria

text: resistance of bacteria

question: What is resistance to antibiotics a cause of?

answer: evolution

text: evolution

question: When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment?

answer: 1943

question: Which two antibiotics that have high efficacy are much less useful now?

answer: penicillin and erythromycin

text: penicillin and erythromycin

question: What does emergence of bacteria reflect?

text: evolutionary processes

question: What is the purpose of bacterial strains?

text: survive high doses of antibiotics

question: When were bacterial species and strains invented?

question: What is a modern occurrence with high doeses?

text: resistant bacteria

question: What is resistance to genes a cause of?

text: evolution


text: Ferdinand refused and went to Valencia instead of Madrid. Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition. The king abolished the Constitution of 1812. He followed this act by dissolving the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May. Thus began six years (1814–1820) of absolutist rule, but the constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal, a period of three years of liberal government in Spain from 1820–1823.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Ferdinand

text: refused

text: and

text: went

text: to

text: Valencia

text: instead

text: of

text: Madrid

text: Here

text: on

text: April

text: General

text: Elio

text: invited

text: the

text: King

text: to

text: reclaim

text: his

text: absolute

text: rights

text: and

text: put

text: his

text: troops

text: at

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: disposition

text: The

text: king

text: abolished

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: He

text: followed

text: this

text: act

text: by

text: dissolving

text: the

text: two

text: chambers

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Parliament

text: on

text: May.

text: Thus

text: began

text: six

text: years

text: of

text: absolutist

text: rule

text: but

text: the

text: constitution

text: was

text: reinstated

text: during

text: the

text: Trienio

text: Liberal

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: three

text: years

text: of

text: liberal

text: government

text: in

text: Spain

text: from

question: Where did Ferdinand go rather than Madrid?

answer: Valencia

text: Valencia

question: How long did absolutist rule last?

answer: six years

text: six years

question: When was the Trieno Liberal?

answer: 1820–1823

question: When was the Constitution abolished?

answer: 1812

question: Who offered troops to the King?

answer: General Elio

text: General Elio