text: The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Spielberg in 2005, the first year it considered non-literary contributors. In November 2007, he was chosen for a Lifetime Achievement Award to be presented at the sixth annual Visual Effects Society Awards in February 2009. He was set to be honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Award at the January 2008 Golden Globes; however, the new, watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike, the HFPA postponed his honor to the 2009 ceremony. In 2008, Spielberg was awarded the Légion d'honneur.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: The

text: Science

text: Fiction

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: inducted

text: Spielberg

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: it

text: considered

text: non

text: literary

text: contributors

text: In

text: November

text: he

text: was

text: chosen

text: for

text: a

text: Lifetime

text: Achievement

text: Award

text: to

text: be

text: presented

text: at

text: the

text: sixth

text: annual

text: Visual

text: Effects

text: Society

text: Awards

text: in

text: February

text: He

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: be

text: honored

text: with

text: the

text: Cecil

text: B.

text: DeMille

text: Award

text: at

text: the

text: January

text: Golden

text: Globes

text: however

text: the

text: new

text: watered

text: down

text: format

text: of

text: the

text: ceremony

text: resulting

text: from

text: conflicts

text: in

text: the

text: writers

text: strike

text: the

text: HFPA

text: postponed

text: his

text: honor

text: to

text: the

text: ceremony

text: In

text: Spielberg

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Légion

text: d'honneur

question: When was Spielberg added to the Science Fiction Hall of Fame?

answer: 2005

question: When did the Visual Effects Society give Spielberg a Lifetime Achievement Award?

answer: February 2009

text: February 2009

question: When did Spielberg win the Cecil B. DeMille Award?

answer: 2009

question: Why was Spielberg's Cecil B. DeMille Award postponed from 2008?

answer: watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike

text: watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike

question: In what year was the Science Fiction Hall of Fame created?

question: In what year was the first Cecil B. DeMille award handed out?

question: Where was Spielberg awarded the Legion d'honneur?

text: Golden Globes

question: What was the 2009 Golden Globes award show considered to be?

text: watered-down

question: How are the Science Fiction Hall of Fame induction ceremonies usually described as?

text: watered-down


text: Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated Han in Liaodong differently according to how much grain they had, those with less than 5 to 7 sin were treated like chattel while those with more than that amount were rewarded with property. Due to a revolt by Han in Liaodong in 1623, Nurhachi, who previously gave concessions to conquered Han subjects in Liaodong, turned against them and ordered that they no longer be trusted; He enacted discriminatory policies and killings against them, while ordering that Han who assimilated to the Jurchen (in Jilin) before 1619 be treated equally as Jurchens were and not like the conquered Han in Liaodong. Hong Taiji instead incorporated them into the Jurchen "nation" as full (if not first-class) citizens, obligated to provide military service. By 1648, less than one-sixth of the bannermen were of Manchu ancestry. This change of policy not only increased Hong Taiji's manpower and reduced his military dependence on banners not under his personal control, it also greatly encouraged other Han Chinese subjects of the Ming dynasty to surrender and accept Jurchen rule when they were defeated militarily. Through these and other measures Hong Taiji was able to centralize power unto the office of the Khan, which in the long run prevented the Jurchen federation from fragmenting after his death.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: bureaucracy

text: was

text: staffed

text: with

text: many

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: including

text: many

text: newly

text: surrendered

text: Ming

text: officials

text: The

text: Manchus

text: continued

text: dominance

text: was

text: ensured

text: by

text: an

text: ethnic

text: quota

text: for

text: top

text: bureaucratic

text: appointments

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: reign

text: also

text: saw

text: a

text: fundamental

text: change

text: of

text: policy

text: towards

text: his

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: subjects

text: Nurhaci

text: had

text: treated

text: Han

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: differently

text: according

text: to

text: how

text: much

text: grain

text: they

text: had

text: those

text: with

text: less

text: than

text: to

text: sin

text: were

text: treated

text: like

text: chattel

text: while

text: those

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: that

text: amount

text: were

text: rewarded

text: with

text: property

text: Due

text: to

text: a

text: revolt

text: by

text: Han

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: in

text: Nurhachi

text: who

text: previously

text: gave

text: concessions

text: to

text: conquered

text: Han

text: subjects

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: turned

text: against

text: them

text: and

text: ordered

text: that

text: they

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: trusted

text: He

text: enacted

text: discriminatory

text: policies

text: and

text: killings

text: against

text: them

text: while

text: ordering

text: that

text: Han

text: who

text: assimilated

text: to

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: in

text: Jilin

text: before

text: be

text: treated

text: equally

text: as

text: Jurchens

text: were

text: and

text: not

text: like

text: the

text: conquered

text: Han

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: instead

text: incorporated

text: them

text: into

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: nation

text: as

text: full

text: if

text: not

text: first

text: class

text: citizens

text: obligated

text: to

text: provide

text: military

text: service

text: By

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: sixth

text: of

text: the

text: bannermen

text: were

text: of

text: Manchu

text: ancestry

text: This

text: change

text: of

text: policy

text: not

text: only

text: increased

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: manpower

text: and

text: reduced

text: his

text: military

text: dependence

text: on

text: banners

text: not

text: under

text: his

text: personal

text: control

text: it

text: also

text: greatly

text: encouraged

text: other

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: subjects

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: to

text: surrender

text: and

text: accept

text: Jurchen

text: rule

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: militarily

text: Through

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: measures

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: centralize

text: power

text: unto

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: the

text: Khan

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: run

text: prevented

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: federation

text: from

text: fragmenting

text: after

text: his

text: death

question: Who included newly conquered Ming officials in his government?

answer: Hong Taiji

text: Hong Taiji

question: Where did a Han revolt occur?

answer: Liaodong

text: Liaodong

question: When did a Han revolt occur?

answer: 1623

question: What proportion of bannerman were Manchu by 1648?

answer: one-sixth

text: one-sixth


text: The data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early divergence between North American and Central American plus South American populations. Hypotheses which posit that invasions subsequent to the Clovis culture overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas were ruled out.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: data

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: individual

text: was

text: from

text: a

text: population

text: directly

text: ancestral

text: to

text: present

text: South

text: American

text: and

text: Central

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: and

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: present

text: North

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: The

text: implication

text: is

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: divergence

text: between

text: North

text: American

text: and

text: Central

text: American

text: plus

text: South

text: American

text: populations

text: Hypotheses

text: which

text: posit

text: that

text: invasions

text: subsequent

text: to

text: the

text: Clovis

text: culture

text: overwhelmed

text: or

text: assimilated

text: previous

text: migrants

text: into

text: the

text: Americas

text: were

text: ruled

text: out

question: What does the data indicate about the population the individual was from?

answer: directly ancestral

text: directly ancestral

question: What populations is the individual closely related to?

answer: present North American Native American

text: present North American Native American

question: What type of divergence is implicated to have occurred between North American and South American populations?

answer: early

text: early

question: Theories that there were invasions which overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas have been what?

answer: ruled out

text: ruled out


text: The Amoy dialect (Xiamen) is a hybrid of the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. Taiwanese is also a hybrid of these two dialects. Taiwanese in northern Taiwan tends to be based on the Quanzhou variety, whereas the Taiwanese spoken in southern Taiwan tends to be based on Zhangzhou speech. There are minor variations in pronunciation and vocabulary between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. The grammar is generally the same. Additionally, extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of Japanese loanwords in Taiwanese Hokkien. On the other hand, the variants spoken in Singapore and Malaysia have a substantial number of loanwords from Malay and to a lesser extent, from English and other Chinese varieties, such as the closely related Teochew and some Cantonese.

title: Hokkien

title: Hokkien

text: The

text: Amoy

text: dialect

text: Xiamen

text: is

text: a

text: hybrid

text: of

text: the

text: Quanzhou

text: and

text: Zhangzhou

text: dialects

text: Taiwanese

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: hybrid

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: dialects

text: Taiwanese

text: in

text: northern

text: Taiwan

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Quanzhou

text: variety

text: whereas

text: the

text: Taiwanese

text: spoken

text: in

text: southern

text: Taiwan

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: Zhangzhou

text: speech

text: There

text: are

text: minor

text: variations

text: in

text: pronunciation

text: and

text: vocabulary

text: between

text: Quanzhou

text: and

text: Zhangzhou

text: dialects

text: The

text: grammar

text: is

text: generally

text: the

text: same

text: Additionally

text: extensive

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Japanese

text: language

text: has

text: left

text: a

text: legacy

text: of

text: Japanese

text: loanwords

text: in

text: Taiwanese

text: Hokkien

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: variants

text: spoken

text: in

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: have

text: a

text: substantial

text: number

text: of

text: loanwords

text: from

text: Malay

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: from

text: English

text: and

text: other

text: Chinese

text: varieties

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: closely

text: related

text: Teochew

text: and

text: some

text: Cantonese

question: The Amoy dialect is a hybrid of what two dialects?

answer: Quanzhou and Zhangzhou

text: Quanzhou and Zhangzhou

question: Besides Amoy, what is another hybrid of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou?

answer: Taiwanese

text: Taiwanese

question: What is Taiwanese in Northern Taiwan based on?

answer: Quanzhou

text: Quanzhou

question: What is Taiwanese in Southern Taiwan based on?

answer: Zhangzhou speech

text: Zhangzhou speech

question: In Singapore, the varient of Hokkien has a significant amount of loanwords from where?

answer: Malay

text: Malay

question: What is the Malay dialect a hybrid of?

text: the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects

question: What are the differences between Taiwanese and Chinese dialects?

question: What area is Teochew spoken, that also has loanwords from Malay?

text: Singapore and Malaysia

question: Contact with China has lead to loanwords in what dialect?

text: Taiwanese Hokkien

question: What is Hokkien in northern Taiwan based on?

text: the Quanzhou variety


text: At the very end of the 19th century, a new style, with a carved top and back construction inspired by violin family instruments began to supplant the European-style bowl-back instruments in the United States. This new style is credited to mandolins designed and built by Orville Gibson, a Kalamazoo, Michigan luthier who founded the "Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Limited" in 1902. Gibson mandolins evolved into two basic styles: the Florentine or F-style, which has a decorative scroll near the neck, two points on the lower body and usually a scroll carved into the headstock; and the A-style, which is pear shaped, has no points and usually has a simpler headstock.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: At

text: the

text: very

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: new

text: style

text: with

text: a

text: carved

text: top

text: and

text: back

text: construction

text: inspired

text: by

text: violin

text: family

text: instruments

text: began

text: to

text: supplant

text: the

text: European

text: style

text: bowl

text: back

text: instruments

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: This

text: new

text: style

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: mandolins

text: designed

text: and

text: built

text: by

text: Orville

text: Gibson

text: a

text: Kalamazoo

text: Michigan

text: luthier

text: who

text: founded

text: the

text: Gibson

text: Mandolin

text: Guitar

text: Manufacturing

text: Co.

text: Limited

text: in

text: Gibson

text: mandolins

text: evolved

text: into

text: two

text: basic

text: styles

text: the

text: Florentine

text: or

text: F

text: style

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: decorative

text: scroll

text: near

text: the

text: neck

text: two

text: points

text: on

text: the

text: lower

text: body

text: and

text: usually

text: a

text: scroll

text: carved

text: into

text: the

text: headstock

text: and

text: the

text: A

text: style

text: which

text: is

text: pear

text: shaped

text: has

text: no

text: points

text: and

text: usually

text: has

text: a

text: simpler

text: headstock

question: When was a new sytle of carved top and back construction mandolins created?

answer: end of the 19th century

text: end of the 19th century

question: What was the new sytle of mandolins inspired from?

answer: violin family instruments

text: violin family instruments

question: What sytle did the new style of mandolins supplant?

answer: European-style bowl-back

text: European-style bowl-back

question: Who founded the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co, Limited?

answer: Orville Gibson

text: Orville Gibson

question: When was a old style of carved top and back construction mandolins created?

text: end of the 19th century

question: What was the old style of mandolins inspired from?

text: violin family instruments

question: What style did the old style of mandolins supplant?

text: European-style bowl-back

question: Who founded the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co, Unlimited?

text: Orville Gibson


text: Following Garreth Mallory's promotion to M, on a mission in Mexico City unofficially ordered by a posthumous message from the previous M, 007 James Bond kills three men plotting a terrorist bombing during the Day of the Dead and gives chase to Marco Sciarra, an assassin who survived the attack. In the ensuing struggle, Bond steals his ring, which is emblazoned with a stylised octopus, and then kills Sciarra by kicking him out of a helicopter. Upon returning to London, Bond is indefinitely suspended from field duty by M, who is in the midst of a power struggle with C, the head of the privately-backed Joint Intelligence Service, consisting of the recently merged MI5 and MI6. C campaigns for Britain to form alongside 8 other countries "Nine Eyes ", a global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative between nine member states, and uses his influence to close down the '00' section, believing it to be outdated.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: Following

text: Garreth

text: Mallory

text: 's

text: promotion

text: to

text: M

text: on

text: a

text: mission

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: unofficially

text: ordered

text: by

text: a

text: posthumous

text: message

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: M

text: James

text: Bond

text: kills

text: three

text: men

text: plotting

text: a

text: terrorist

text: bombing

text: during

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: and

text: gives

text: chase

text: to

text: Marco

text: Sciarra

text: an

text: assassin

text: who

text: survived

text: the

text: attack

text: In

text: the

text: ensuing

text: struggle

text: Bond

text: steals

text: his

text: ring

text: which

text: is

text: emblazoned

text: with

text: a

text: stylised

text: octopus

text: and

text: then

text: kills

text: Sciarra

text: by

text: kicking

text: him

text: out

text: of

text: a

text: helicopter

text: Upon

text: returning

text: to

text: London

text: Bond

text: is

text: indefinitely

text: suspended

text: from

text: field

text: duty

text: by

text: M

text: who

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: midst

text: of

text: a

text: power

text: struggle

text: with

text: C

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: privately

text: backed

text: Joint

text: Intelligence

text: Service

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: recently

text: merged

text: and

text: C

text: campaigns

text: for

text: Britain

text: to

text: form

text: alongside

text: other

text: countries

text: Nine

text: Eyes

text: a

text: global

text: surveillance

text: and

text: intelligence

text: co

text: operation

text: initiative

text: between

text: nine

text: member

text: states

text: and

text: uses

text: his

text: influence

text: to

text: close

text: down

text: the

text: section

text: believing

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: outdated

question: On what holiday do insurgents plan to detonate a bomb?

answer: Day of the Dead

text: Day of the Dead

question: Who removed James Bond from active service?

answer: M

text: M

question: Who is M's rival?

answer: C

text: C

question: What group does C support England joining?

answer: Nine Eyes

text: Nine Eyes

question: Which character is promoted to M?

answer: Garreth Mallory

text: Garreth Mallory

question: Which holiday was the terrorist bombing planned for?

answer: Day of the Dead

text: Day of the Dead

question: Which two intelligence groups merged to form Joint Intelligence Service?

answer: MI5 and MI6

text: MI5 and MI6

question: What does Bond take from Marco Sciarra?

answer: his ring

text: his ring

question: 007 James Bond kills four men in a mission in which city?

text: Mexico

question: Bond steals which assassin's necklace?

text: Marco Sciarra

question: Marco Scciarra's necklace has what animal on it?

text: octopus

question: Q suspends whom from field duty?

text: Bond

question: What consists of the recently merged MI55 and MI66?

text: Joint Intelligence Service


text: In 1526, Babur, a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley (modern day Uzbekistan), swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal Empire, which at its zenith covered modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. However, his son Humayun was defeated by the Afghan warrior Sher Shah Suri in the year 1540, and Humayun was forced to retreat to Kabul. After Sher Shah's death, his son Islam Shah Suri and the Hindu emperor Hemu Vikramaditya, who had won 22 battles against Afghan rebels and forces of Akbar, from Punjab to Bengal and had established a secular rule in North India from Delhi till 1556 after winning Battle of Delhi. Akbar's forces defeated and killed Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat on 6 November 1556.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: In

text: Babur

text: a

text: Timurid

text: descendant

text: of

text: Timur

text: and

text: Genghis

text: Khan

text: from

text: Fergana

text: Valley

text: modern

text: day

text: Uzbekistan

text: swept

text: across

text: the

text: Khyber

text: Pass

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: which

text: at

text: its

text: zenith

text: covered

text: modern

text: day

text: Afghanistan

text: Pakistan

text: India

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: However

text: his

text: son

text: Humayun

text: was

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Afghan

text: warrior

text: Sher

text: Shah

text: Suri

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: Humayun

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: retreat

text: to

text: Kabul

text: After

text: Sher

text: Shah

text: 's

text: death

text: his

text: son

text: Islam

text: Shah

text: Suri

text: and

text: the

text: Hindu

text: emperor

text: Hemu

text: Vikramaditya

text: who

text: had

text: won

text: battles

text: against

text: Afghan

text: rebels

text: and

text: forces

text: of

text: Akbar

text: from

text: Punjab

text: to

text: Bengal

text: and

text: had

text: established

text: a

text: secular

text: rule

text: in

text: North

text: India

text: from

text: Delhi

text: till

text: after

text: winning

text: Battle

text: of

text: Delhi

text: Akbar

text: 's

text: forces

text: defeated

text: and

text: killed

text: Hemu

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Battle

text: of

text: Panipat

text: on

text: November

question: What empire did Babur found in northern India?

answer: Mughal Empire

text: Mughal Empire

question: Who defeated Babur's son in 1540?

answer: Sher Shah Suri

text: Sher Shah Suri

question: Of what nationality was Sher Shah Suri?

answer: Afghan

text: Afghan

question: At what place did Akbar's army defeat Hemu in 1556?

answer: Second Battle of Panipat

text: Second Battle of Panipat

question: By what route did Babur enter India?

answer: Khyber Pass

text: Khyber Pass


text: Popper claimed to have recognised already in the 1934 version of his Logic of Discovery a fact later stressed by Kuhn, "that scientists necessarily develop their ideas within a definite theoretical framework", and to that extent to have anticipated Kuhn's central point about "normal science". (But Popper criticised what he saw as Kuhn's relativism.) Also, in his collection Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Harper & Row, 1963), Popper writes, "Science must begin with myths, and with the criticism of myths; neither with the collection of observations, nor with the invention of experiments, but with the critical discussion of myths, and of magical techniques and practices. The scientific tradition is distinguished from the pre-scientific tradition in having two layers. Like the latter, it passes on its theories; but it also passes on a critical attitude towards them. The theories are passed on, not as dogmas, but rather with the challenge to discuss them and improve upon them."

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: claimed

text: to

text: have

text: recognised

text: already

text: in

text: the

text: version

text: of

text: his

text: Logic

text: of

text: Discovery

text: a

text: fact

text: later

text: stressed

text: by

text: Kuhn

text: that

text: scientists

text: necessarily

text: develop

text: their

text: ideas

text: within

text: a

text: definite

text: theoretical

text: framework

text: and

text: to

text: that

text: extent

text: to

text: have

text: anticipated

text: Kuhn

text: 's

text: central

text: point

text: about

text: normal

text: science

text: But

text: Popper

text: criticised

text: what

text: he

text: saw

text: as

text: Kuhn

text: 's

text: relativism

text: Also

text: in

text: his

text: collection

text: Conjectures

text: and

text: Refutations

text: The

text: Growth

text: of

text: Scientific

text: Knowledge

text: Harper

text: Row

text: Popper

text: writes

text: Science

text: must

text: begin

text: with

text: myths

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: myths

text: neither

text: with

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: observations

text: nor

text: with

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: experiments

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: critical

text: discussion

text: of

text: myths

text: and

text: of

text: magical

text: techniques

text: and

text: practices

text: The

text: scientific

text: tradition

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: pre

text: scientific

text: tradition

text: in

text: having

text: two

text: layers

text: Like

text: the

text: latter

text: it

text: passes

text: on

text: its

text: theories

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: passes

text: on

text: a

text: critical

text: attitude

text: towards

text: them

text: The

text: theories

text: are

text: passed

text: on

text: not

text: as

text: dogmas

text: but

text: rather

text: with

text: the

text: challenge

text: to

text: discuss

text: them

text: and

text: improve

text: upon

text: them

question: Popper believed he had already discussed similar ideas to Kuhn's about scientific communities in what work?

answer: Logic of Discovery

text: Logic of Discovery

question: What aspect of Kuhn's thinking did Popper criticize?

answer: relativism

text: relativism

question: What did Popper say must be the beginning phase of science?

answer: the critical discussion of myths

text: the critical discussion of myths

question: According to Popper, what second layer does scientific inquiry have that pre-scientific inquiry does not?

answer: a critical attitude

text: a critical attitude

question: What year did Kuhn stress "that scientists necessarily develop their ideas within a definite theoretical framework"?

question: What book did Kuhn publish in 1934?

text: Logic of Discovery

question: What did Kuhn criticize about Popper?

text: relativism

question: What did Kuhn say must be the beginning phase of science?

text: the critical discussion of myths

question: According to Kuhn, what second layer does scientific inquiry have that pre-scientific inquiry does not?

text: a critical attitude


text: A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: A

text: capacitor

text: originally

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: condenser

text: is

text: a

text: passive

text: two

text: terminal

text: electrical

text: component

text: used

text: to

text: store

text: electrical

text: energy

text: temporarily

text: in

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: The

text: forms

text: of

text: practical

text: capacitors

text: vary

text: widely

text: but

text: all

text: contain

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: electrical

text: conductors

text: plates

text: separated

text: by

text: a

text: dielectric

text: i.e.

text: an

text: insulator

text: that

text: can

text: store

text: energy

text: by

text: becoming

text: polarized

text: The

text: conductors

text: can

text: be

text: thin

text: films

text: foils

text: or

text: sintered

text: beads

text: of

text: metal

text: or

text: conductive

text: electrolyte

text: etc

text: The

text: nonconducting

text: dielectric

text: acts

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: capacitor

text: 's

text: charge

text: capacity

text: Materials

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: dielectrics

text: include

text: glass

text: ceramic

text: plastic

text: film

text: air

text: vacuum

text: paper

text: mica

text: and

text: oxide

text: layers

text: Capacitors

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: as

text: parts

text: of

text: electrical

text: circuits

text: in

text: many

text: common

text: electrical

text: devices

text: Unlike

text: a

text: resistor

text: an

text: ideal

text: capacitor

text: does

text: not

text: dissipate

text: energy

text: Instead

text: a

text: capacitor

text: stores

text: energy

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: an

text: electrostatic

text: field

text: between

text: its

text: plates

question: What was a capacitor originally known as?

answer: a condenser

text: a condenser

question: How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?

answer: two electrical conductors

text: two electrical conductors

question: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized?

answer: a dielectric

text: a dielectric

question: In what form does a capacitor store energy?

answer: the form of an electrostatic field

text: the form of an electrostatic field

question: Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located?

answer: between its plates

text: between its plates

question: What was a condenser originally known as?

text: capacitor

question: What has three terminal electrical components?

text: A capacitor

question: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can't store energy by becoming polarized?

text: dielectric

question: In what form does a capacitor never store energy?

text: the form of an electrostatic field

question: Where is the energy released by a capacitor located?

text: between its plates


text: But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 260 rides and inns, five large beer tents and a big entertainment programme. The highlight of this fun fair is the 12 kilometres (7 mi) long Parade of the Marksmen with more than 12.000 participants from all over the world, among them around 5.000 marksmen, 128 bands and more than 70 wagons, carriages and big festival vehicles. It is the longest procession in Europe. Around 2 million people visit this fun fair every year. The landmark of this Fun Fair is the biggest transportable Ferris Wheel in the world (60 m or 197 ft high). The origins of this fun fair is located in the year 1529.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: But

text: Hanover

text: is

text: not

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: Exhibition

text: Cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: capitals

text: for

text: marksmen

text: The

text: Schützenfest

text: Hannover

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: Marksmen

text: 's

text: Fun

text: Fair

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: takes

text: place

text: once

text: a

text: year

text: late

text: June

text: to

text: early

text: July

text: July

text: to

text: the

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: rides

text: and

text: inns

text: five

text: large

text: beer

text: tents

text: and

text: a

text: big

text: entertainment

text: programme

text: The

text: highlight

text: of

text: this

text: fun

text: fair

text: is

text: the

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: long

text: Parade

text: of

text: the

text: Marksmen

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: participants

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: among

text: them

text: around

text: marksmen

text: bands

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: wagons

text: carriages

text: and

text: big

text: festival

text: vehicles

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: procession

text: in

text: Europe

text: Around

text: million

text: people

text: visit

text: this

text: fun

text: fair

text: every

text: year

text: The

text: landmark

text: of

text: this

text: Fun

text: Fair

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: transportable

text: Ferris

text: Wheel

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: m

text: or

text: ft

text: high

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: this

text: fun

text: fair

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: year

question: What is Hanover a German capital for?

answer: marksmen

text: marksmen

question: What is the name of the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world?

answer: Schützenfest Hannover

text: Schützenfest Hannover

question: How many rides and inns does the fair have?

answer: more than 260

text: more than 260

question: How many participants are int he Parade of the Marksmen?

answer: 12.000

question: What year can the festival be traced back to?

answer: 1529

question: What is the most important exhibition city in the world?

text: Hanover

question: What is the name of the smallest marksman's fun fair in the world?

text: Marksmen's Fun Fair

question: How many of your tents make up the highlight of the marksman's fair

text: five

question: How many people watch the parade of the marksman?

question: Where can you find the biggest fixed Ferris wheel in the world?

text: Fun Fair


text: By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the federation. By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains, particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries. The Swiss victory in the Swabian War against the Swabian League of Emperor Maximilian I in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: By

text: the

text: three

text: original

text: cantons

text: had

text: joined

text: with

text: the

text: cantons

text: of

text: Glarus

text: and

text: Zug

text: and

text: the

text: Lucerne

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Bern

text: city

text: states

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Old

text: Confederacy

text: of

text: eight

text: states

text: that

text: existed

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: expansion

text: led

text: to

text: increased

text: power

text: and

text: wealth

text: for

text: the

text: federation

text: By

text: the

text: confederates

text: controlled

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Alps

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: mountains

text: particularly

text: after

text: victories

text: against

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sempach

text: Battle

text: of

text: Näfels

text: over

text: Charles

text: the

text: Bold

text: of

text: Burgundy

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: mercenaries

text: The

text: Swiss

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: Swabian

text: War

text: against

text: the

text: Swabian

text: League

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Maximilian

text: I

text: in

text: amounted

text: to

text: de

text: facto

text: independence

text: within

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: In what year did the three original  cantons join with five other cantons to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states?

answer: By 1353

text: By 1353

question: Which century did the Old Confederacy of the eight states exist until?

answer: end of the 15th century

text: end of the 15th century

question: What effect did the expansion of the three cantons into eight have on the status of the federation?

answer: increased power and wealth

text: increased power and wealth

question: By 1460, who controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine?

answer: the confederates

text: the confederates

question: Which Swiss victory in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire?

answer: Swabian War

text: Swabian War


text: There is considerable speculation both in science and science fiction as to why the observable universe is apparently almost entirely matter, and whether other places are almost entirely antimatter instead. In the early universe, it is thought that matter and antimatter were equally represented, and the disappearance of antimatter requires an asymmetry in physical laws called the charge parity (or CP symmetry) violation. CP symmetry violation can be obtained from the Standard Model, but at this time the apparent asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible universe is one of the great unsolved problems in physics. Possible processes by which it came about are explored in more detail under baryogenesis.

title: Matter

title: Matter

text: There

text: is

text: considerable

text: speculation

text: both

text: in

text: science

text: and

text: science

text: fiction

text: as

text: to

text: why

text: the

text: observable

text: universe

text: is

text: apparently

text: almost

text: entirely

text: matter

text: and

text: whether

text: other

text: places

text: are

text: almost

text: entirely

text: antimatter

text: instead

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: universe

text: it

text: is

text: thought

text: that

text: matter

text: and

text: antimatter

text: were

text: equally

text: represented

text: and

text: the

text: disappearance

text: of

text: antimatter

text: requires

text: an

text: asymmetry

text: in

text: physical

text: laws

text: called

text: the

text: charge

text: parity

text: or

text: CP

text: symmetry

text: violation

text: CP

text: symmetry

text: violation

text: can

text: be

text: obtained

text: from

text: the

text: Standard

text: Model

text: but

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: apparent

text: asymmetry

text: of

text: matter

text: and

text: antimatter

text: in

text: the

text: visible

text: universe

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: unsolved

text: problems

text: in

text: physics

text: Possible

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: it

text: came

text: about

text: are

text: explored

text: in

text: more

text: detail

text: under

text: baryogenesis

question: What is the disappearance of matter linked to?

text: asymmetry in physical laws

question: When was there more antimatter than matter?

text: the early universe

question: What problem has physics solved?

question: Where is the Standard Model found?

text: CP symmetry violation

question: What field of study speculates about science fiction?

text: science


text: Abnormal discoloration of wood often denotes a diseased condition, indicating unsoundness. The black check in western hemlock is the result of insect attacks. The reddish-brown streaks so common in hickory and certain other woods are mostly the result of injury by birds. The discoloration is merely an indication of an injury, and in all probability does not of itself affect the properties of the wood. Certain rot-producing fungi impart to wood characteristic colors which thus become symptomatic of weakness; however an attractive effect known as spalting produced by this process is often considered a desirable characteristic. Ordinary sap-staining is due to fungal growth, but does not necessarily produce a weakening effect.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Abnormal

text: discoloration

text: of

text: wood

text: often

text: denotes

text: a

text: diseased

text: condition

text: indicating

text: unsoundness

text: The

text: black

text: check

text: in

text: western

text: hemlock

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: insect

text: attacks

text: The

text: reddish

text: brown

text: streaks

text: so

text: common

text: in

text: hickory

text: and

text: certain

text: other

text: woods

text: are

text: mostly

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: injury

text: by

text: birds

text: The

text: discoloration

text: is

text: merely

text: an

text: indication

text: of

text: an

text: injury

text: and

text: in

text: all

text: probability

text: does

text: not

text: of

text: itself

text: affect

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: wood

text: Certain

text: rot

text: producing

text: fungi

text: impart

text: to

text: wood

text: characteristic

text: colors

text: which

text: thus

text: become

text: symptomatic

text: of

text: weakness

text: however

text: an

text: attractive

text: effect

text: known

text: as

text: spalting

text: produced

text: by

text: this

text: process

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: a

text: desirable

text: characteristic

text: Ordinary

text: sap

text: staining

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: fungal

text: growth

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: necessarily

text: produce

text: a

text: weakening

text: effect

question: What condition does an abnormal color usually indicate in wood?

answer: diseased

text: diseased

question: What other property can you assume of wood that is diseased?

answer: unsoundness

text: unsoundness

question: What causes the black checked pattern in the wood of western hemlocks?

answer: insect attacks

text: insect attacks

question: What animals cause the reddish-brown streaks of color in hickory wood?

answer: birds

text: birds

question: What's the name for the pretty coloring effect caused in some wood by rot-producing fungi?

answer: spalting

text: spalting


text: The Ottoman bashi-bazouks brutally suppressed the Bulgarian uprising of 1876, massacring up to 100,000 people in the process. The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) ended with a decisive victory for Russia. As a result, Ottoman holdings in Europe declined sharply; Bulgaria was established as an independent principality inside the Ottoman Empire, Romania achieved full independence. Serbia and Montenegro finally gained complete independence, but with smaller territories. In 1878, Austria-Hungary unilaterally occupied the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Novi Pazar.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: bashi

text: bazouks

text: brutally

text: suppressed

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: uprising

text: of

text: massacring

text: up

text: to

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: The

text: Russo

text: Turkish

text: War

text: ended

text: with

text: a

text: decisive

text: victory

text: for

text: Russia

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Ottoman

text: holdings

text: in

text: Europe

text: declined

text: sharply

text: Bulgaria

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: principality

text: inside

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Romania

text: achieved

text: full

text: independence

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Montenegro

text: finally

text: gained

text: complete

text: independence

text: but

text: with

text: smaller

text: territories

text: In

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: unilaterally

text: occupied

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: provinces

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: Novi

text: Pazar

question: Who held back the Bulgarian uprising in 1876?

answer: Ottoman bashi-bazouks

text: Ottoman bashi-bazouks

question: What war occurred from 1877 to 1878?

answer: Russo-Turkish War

text: Russo-Turkish War

question: Bulgaria became independent within the Empire as the result of what war?

answer: The Russo-Turkish War

text: The Russo-Turkish War

question: What nation attained full independence as a result of the Russo-Turkish war?

answer: Romania

text: Romania


text: A. A. Luce and John Foster are other subjectivists. Luce, in Sense without Matter (1954), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernizing his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature. Foster's The Case for Idealism argues that the physical world is the logical creation of natural, non-logical constraints on human sense-experience. Foster's latest defense of his views is in his book A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: A.

text: A.

text: Luce

text: and

text: John

text: Foster

text: are

text: other

text: subjectivists

text: Luce

text: in

text: Sense

text: without

text: Matter

text: attempts

text: to

text: bring

text: Berkeley

text: up

text: to

text: date

text: by

text: modernizing

text: his

text: vocabulary

text: and

text: putting

text: the

text: issues

text: he

text: faced

text: in

text: modern

text: terms

text: and

text: treats

text: the

text: Biblical

text: account

text: of

text: matter

text: and

text: the

text: psychology

text: of

text: perception

text: and

text: nature

text: Foster

text: 's

text: The

text: Case

text: for

text: Idealism

text: argues

text: that

text: the

text: physical

text: world

text: is

text: the

text: logical

text: creation

text: of

text: natural

text: non

text: logical

text: constraints

text: on

text: human

text: sense

text: experience

text: Foster

text: 's

text: latest

text: defense

text: of

text: his

text: views

text: is

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: A

text: World

text: for

text: Us

text: The

text: Case

text: for

text: Phenomenalistic

text: Idealism

question: What sort of thinkers were Foster and Luce?

answer: subjectivists

text: subjectivists

question: What book was written by A.A. Luce?

answer: Sense without Matter

text: Sense without Matter

question: What year saw the publication of Sense without Matter?

answer: 1954

question: Who wrote A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism?

answer: Foster

text: Foster

question: Whose work is Sense without Matter regarded as updating?

answer: Berkeley

text: Berkeley

question: When was The Case for Idealism published?

question: What did Berkeley write in 1954?

text: Sense without Matter

question: What aspect of Berkeley's writing did Foster modernize?

text: his vocabulary

question: What did Foster publish after A World For Us?

text: The Case for Idealism

question: Whose work does Foster update?

text: Berkeley


text: The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: The

text: absence

text: of

text: a

text: formal

text: mechanism

text: within

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: for

text: choosing

text: a

text: leader

text: meant

text: that

text: following

text: Eden

text: 's

text: resignation

text: it

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Queen

text: to

text: decide

text: whom

text: to

text: commission

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: government

text: Eden

text: recommended

text: that

text: she

text: consult

text: Lord

text: Salisbury

text: the

text: Lord

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: Lord

text: Salisbury

text: and

text: Lord

text: Kilmuir

text: the

text: Lord

text: Chancellor

text: consulted

text: the

text: British

text: Cabinet

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: and

text: the

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: backbench

text: Committee

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Queen

text: appointing

text: their

text: recommended

text: candidate

text: Harold

text: Macmillan

question: Who did Eden recommend that Elizabeth consult about appointing a new  Prime Minister?

answer: Lord Salisbury

text: Lord Salisbury

question: What position did Lord Salisbury have in the government?

answer: Lord President of the Council

text: Lord President of the Council

question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?

answer: Harold Macmillan

text: Harold Macmillan

question: What position did Lord Kilmuir have ?

answer: Lord Chancellor

text: Lord Chancellor

question: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?

answer: British Cabinet

text: British Cabinet

question: In what year was Harold Macmillan born?

question: In what year was Lord Salisbury born?

question: In what year did Lord Salisbury become the Lord President of the Council?

question: What occupation was Harold Macmillan at the time?

text: Lord President of the Council

question: In what year was Lord Kilmuir born?


text: Neurophysiologists study the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain: their primary tools are drugs and recording devices. Thousands of experimentally developed drugs affect the nervous system, some in highly specific ways. Recordings of brain activity can be made using electrodes, either glued to the scalp as in EEG studies, or implanted inside the brains of animals for extracellular recordings, which can detect action potentials generated by individual neurons. Because the brain does not contain pain receptors, it is possible using these techniques to record brain activity from animals that are awake and behaving without causing distress. The same techniques have occasionally been used to study brain activity in human patients suffering from intractable epilepsy, in cases where there was a medical necessity to implant electrodes to localize the brain area responsible for epileptic seizures. Functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging are also used to study brain activity; these techniques have mainly been used with human subjects, because they require a conscious subject to remain motionless for long periods of time, but they have the great advantage of being noninvasive.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Neurophysiologists

text: study

text: the

text: chemical

text: pharmacological

text: and

text: electrical

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: their

text: primary

text: tools

text: are

text: drugs

text: and

text: recording

text: devices

text: Thousands

text: of

text: experimentally

text: developed

text: drugs

text: affect

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: some

text: in

text: highly

text: specific

text: ways

text: Recordings

text: of

text: brain

text: activity

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: using

text: electrodes

text: either

text: glued

text: to

text: the

text: scalp

text: as

text: in

text: EEG

text: studies

text: or

text: implanted

text: inside

text: the

text: brains

text: of

text: animals

text: for

text: extracellular

text: recordings

text: which

text: can

text: detect

text: action

text: potentials

text: generated

text: by

text: individual

text: neurons

text: Because

text: the

text: brain

text: does

text: not

text: contain

text: pain

text: receptors

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: using

text: these

text: techniques

text: to

text: record

text: brain

text: activity

text: from

text: animals

text: that

text: are

text: awake

text: and

text: behaving

text: without

text: causing

text: distress

text: The

text: same

text: techniques

text: have

text: occasionally

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: brain

text: activity

text: in

text: human

text: patients

text: suffering

text: from

text: intractable

text: epilepsy

text: in

text: cases

text: where

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: medical

text: necessity

text: to

text: implant

text: electrodes

text: to

text: localize

text: the

text: brain

text: area

text: responsible

text: for

text: epileptic

text: seizures

text: Functional

text: imaging

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: functional

text: magnetic

text: resonance

text: imaging

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: study

text: brain

text: activity

text: these

text: techniques

text: have

text: mainly

text: been

text: used

text: with

text: human

text: subjects

text: because

text: they

text: require

text: a

text: conscious

text: subject

text: to

text: remain

text: motionless

text: for

text: long

text: periods

text: of

text: time

text: but

text: they

text: have

text: the

text: great

text: advantage

text: of

text: being

text: noninvasive

question: What do neurophysiologists study?

answer: the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain

text: the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain

question: The most common tools that neurophysiologists use are what?

answer: drugs and recording devices

text: drugs and recording devices

question: What type of receptors does the brain lack?

answer: pain receptors

text: pain receptors

question: Electrodes are often glued to what like in EEG studies?

answer: the scalp

text: the scalp


text: Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederation was dissolved after the Austro-Prussian War and replaced by a North German Federation under Prussian hegemony; this war left Prussia dominant in Germany, and German nationalism would compel the remaining independent states to ally with Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, and then to accede to the crowning of King Wilhelm of Prussia as German Emperor. The new German Empire included 25 states (three of them, Hanseatic cities) and the imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The empire was dominated by Prussia, which controlled 65% of the territory and 62% of the population. After the territorial losses of the Treaty of Versailles, the remaining states continued as republics of a new German federation. These states were gradually de facto abolished and reduced to provinces under the Nazi regime via the Gleichschaltung process, as the states administratively were largely superseded by the Nazi Gau system.

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: Federalism

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: tradition

text: in

text: German

text: history

text: The

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: comprised

text: many

text: petty

text: states

text: numbering

text: more

text: than

text: around

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: territories

text: was

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: during

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: After

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: states

text: formed

text: the

text: German

text: Confederation

text: The

text: Confederation

text: was

text: dissolved

text: after

text: the

text: Austro

text: Prussian

text: War

text: and

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: North

text: German

text: Federation

text: under

text: Prussian

text: hegemony

text: this

text: war

text: left

text: Prussia

text: dominant

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: German

text: nationalism

text: would

text: compel

text: the

text: remaining

text: independent

text: states

text: to

text: ally

text: with

text: Prussia

text: in

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: of

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: accede

text: to

text: the

text: crowning

text: of

text: King

text: Wilhelm

text: of

text: Prussia

text: as

text: German

text: Emperor

text: The

text: new

text: German

text: Empire

text: included

text: states

text: three

text: of

text: them

text: Hanseatic

text: cities

text: and

text: the

text: imperial

text: territory

text: of

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: The

text: empire

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: Prussia

text: which

text: controlled

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: After

text: the

text: territorial

text: losses

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: the

text: remaining

text: states

text: continued

text: as

text: republics

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: German

text: federation

text: These

text: states

text: were

text: gradually

text: de

text: facto

text: abolished

text: and

text: reduced

text: to

text: provinces

text: under

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: via

text: the

text: Gleichschaltung

text: process

text: as

text: the

text: states

text: administratively

text: were

text: largely

text: superseded

text: by

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Gau

text: system

question: The Holy Roman Empire comprised of how many petty states?

answer: more than 300

text: more than 300

question: The number of territories was greatly reduced during what?

answer: the Napoleonic Wars

text: the Napoleonic Wars

question: A North German Federation under Prussian hegemony replaced what confederation?

answer: the German Confederation

text: the German Confederation

question: How much of the population did Prussia control?

answer: 62%

question: How much of the land did Prussia control?

answer: 65%

question: What has a long tradition in the history of the Holy Roman Empire?

text: Federalism

question: From 1796-1814 how many petty states were part of Germany?

text: more than 300

question: After the Napoleonic Wars how many states formed the North German Federation?

question: When was the Holy Roman Empire dissolved?

text: after the Austro-Prussian War

question: What was the Holy Roman Empire replaced with?

text: a North German Federation

question: What is a recent political tradition in Germany?

text: Federalism

question: How many states did Germany have by 1796?

text: more than 300

question: What year was the Congress of Rome held?

question: Under who was the German Confederation formed?

text: Prussian hegemony

question: What kind of cities did the 25 states of the new German Empire have?

text: Hanseatic cities


text: North Carolina made the smallest per-capita contribution to the war of any state, as only 7,800 men joined the Continental Army under General George Washington; an additional 10,000 served in local militia units under such leaders as General Nathanael Greene. There was some military action, especially in 1780–81. Many Carolinian frontiersmen had moved west over the mountains, into the Washington District (later known as Tennessee), but in 1789, following the Revolution, the state was persuaded to relinquish its claim to the western lands. It ceded them to the national government so that the Northwest Territory could be organized and managed nationally.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: made

text: the

text: smallest

text: per

text: capita

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: of

text: any

text: state

text: as

text: only

text: men

text: joined

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: under

text: General

text: George

text: Washington

text: an

text: additional

text: served

text: in

text: local

text: militia

text: units

text: under

text: such

text: leaders

text: as

text: General

text: Nathanael

text: Greene

text: There

text: was

text: some

text: military

text: action

text: especially

text: in

text: Many

text: Carolinian

text: frontiersmen

text: had

text: moved

text: west

text: over

text: the

text: mountains

text: into

text: the

text: Washington

text: District

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Tennessee

text: but

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: Revolution

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: persuaded

text: to

text: relinquish

text: its

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: lands

text: It

text: ceded

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: government

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territory

text: could

text: be

text: organized

text: and

text: managed

text: nationally

question: What state made the smallest contribution to the revolutionary war of any state?

answer: North Carolina

text: North Carolina

question: How many men from NC joined the continental army?

answer: 7,800

question: Who led the continental army?

answer: General George Washington

text: General George Washington

question: What years were the highest concentration of military action in NC during the revolutionary war?

answer: 1780–81

question: Frontiersmen from the Carolinas moved west into what area that is now known as Tennessee?

answer: Washington District

text: Washington District


text: If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: If

text: matter

text: and

text: energy

text: are

text: seen

text: as

text: necessary

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: physical

text: world

text: but

text: incapable

text: of

text: explaining

text: mind

text: dualism

text: results

text: Emergence

text: holism

text: and

text: process

text: philosophy

text: seek

text: to

text: ameliorate

text: the

text: perceived

text: shortcomings

text: of

text: traditional

text: especially

text: mechanistic

text: materialism

text: without

text: abandoning

text: materialism

text: entirely

question: What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?

answer: Emergence, holism, and process philosophy

text: Emergence, holism, and process philosophy

question: What is unnecessary to explain the physical world?

text: matter and energy

question: What is capable of explaining mind?

text: matter and energy

question: What is emergence the opposite of?

question: What three philosophies do not correct the shortcomings of materialism?

text: Emergence, holism, and process


text: The Oklahoman is Oklahoma City's major daily newspaper and is the most widely circulated in the state. NewsOK.com is the Oklahoman's online presence. Oklahoma Gazette is Oklahoma City's independent newsweekly, featuring such staples as local commentary, feature stories, restaurant reviews and movie listings and music and entertainment. The Journal Record is the city's daily business newspaper and okcBIZ is a monthly publication that covers business news affecting those who live and work in Central Oklahoma.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: Oklahoman

text: is

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: 's

text: major

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: circulated

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: NewsOK.com

text: is

text: the

text: Oklahoman

text: 's

text: online

text: presence

text: Oklahoma

text: Gazette

text: is

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: 's

text: independent

text: newsweekly

text: featuring

text: such

text: staples

text: as

text: local

text: commentary

text: feature

text: stories

text: restaurant

text: reviews

text: and

text: movie

text: listings

text: and

text: music

text: and

text: entertainment

text: The

text: Journal

text: Record

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: daily

text: business

text: newspaper

text: and

text: okcBIZ

text: is

text: a

text: monthly

text: publication

text: that

text: covers

text: business

text: news

text: affecting

text: those

text: who

text: live

text: and

text: work

text: in

text: Central

text: Oklahoma

question: Which newspaper is the most produced through the state of Oklahoma?

answer: The Oklahoman

text: The Oklahoman

question: What is the name of The Oklahoman's website?

answer: NewsOK.com

text: NewsOK.com

question: What is Oklahoma Cities newsweekly?

answer: Oklahoma Gazette

text: Oklahoma Gazette

question: What is Oklahoma Cities daily business newspaper?

answer: The Journal Record

text: The Journal Record


text: From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks, during Dagobert I's reign in the 7th century, a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress. In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: From

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: regularly

text: invaded

text: the

text: Roman

text: territories

text: Around

text: the

text: Romans

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: maintain

text: the

text: northern

text: border

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: was

text: abandoned

text: Little

text: is

text: known

text: about

text: the

text: next

text: period

text: Utrecht

text: is

text: first

text: spoken

text: of

text: again

text: several

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Romans

text: left

text: Under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: growing

text: realms

text: of

text: the

text: Franks

text: during

text: Dagobert

text: I

text: 's

text: reign

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: church

text: was

text: built

text: within

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: fortress

text: In

text: ongoing

text: border

text: conflicts

text: with

text: the

text: Frisians

text: this

text: first

text: church

text: was

text: destroyed

question: Who raided German territories regularly

answer: Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories.

text: Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories.

question: When did the Romans leave Utrecht

answer: Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned

text: Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned

question: What happens between 275 and 650

answer: Little is known about the next period 270–650.

text: Little is known about the next period 270–650.

question: What was built in the 7th century

answer: a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress

text: a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress

question: How was the the church destroyed

answer: In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

text: In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

question: Who started invading Roman territories during the mid 300's?

text: Germanic tribes

question: Who abandoned Utrecht in the 2nd century?

text: the Romans

question: Who ruled the Franks in the 700's?

text: Dagobert I

question: Wat was built inside the Roman fortress in the 700's?

text: a church


text: With characteristic energy he set to work to re-establish the somewhat shattered fortunes of the orthodox party and to purge the theological atmosphere of uncertainty. To clear up the misunderstandings that had arisen in the course of the previous years, an attempt was made to determine still further the significance of the Nicene formularies. In the meanwhile, Julian, who seems to have become suddenly jealous of the influence that Athanasius was exercising at Alexandria, addressed an order to Ecdicius, the Prefect of Egypt, peremptorily commanding the expulsion of the restored primate, on the ground that he had never been included in the imperial act of clemency. The edict was communicated to the bishop by Pythicodorus Trico, who, though described in the "Chronicon Athanasianum" (XXXV) as a "philosopher", seems to have behaved with brutal insolence. On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor's decree; but Athanasius urged them to submit, consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: With

text: characteristic

text: energy

text: he

text: set

text: to

text: work

text: to

text: re

text: establish

text: the

text: somewhat

text: shattered

text: fortunes

text: of

text: the

text: orthodox

text: party

text: and

text: to

text: purge

text: the

text: theological

text: atmosphere

text: of

text: uncertainty

text: To

text: clear

text: up

text: the

text: misunderstandings

text: that

text: had

text: arisen

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: years

text: an

text: attempt

text: was

text: made

text: to

text: determine

text: still

text: further

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: Nicene

text: formularies

text: In

text: the

text: meanwhile

text: Julian

text: who

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: become

text: suddenly

text: jealous

text: of

text: the

text: influence

text: that

text: Athanasius

text: was

text: exercising

text: at

text: Alexandria

text: addressed

text: an

text: order

text: to

text: Ecdicius

text: the

text: Prefect

text: of

text: Egypt

text: peremptorily

text: commanding

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: the

text: restored

text: primate

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: never

text: been

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: imperial

text: act

text: of

text: clemency

text: The

text: edict

text: was

text: communicated

text: to

text: the

text: bishop

text: by

text: Pythicodorus

text: Trico

text: who

text: though

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: Chronicon

text: Athanasianum

text: XXXV

text: as

text: a

text: philosopher

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: behaved

text: with

text: brutal

text: insolence

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: people

text: gathered

text: about

text: the

text: proscribed

text: bishop

text: to

text: protest

text: against

text: the

text: emperor

text: 's

text: decree

text: but

text: Athanasius

text: urged

text: them

text: to

text: submit

text: consoling

text: them

text: with

text: the

text: promise

text: that

text: his

text: absence

text: would

text: be

text: of

text: short

text: duration

question: Who was jealous of Athanasius's influence?

answer: Julian

text: Julian

question: What position did Ecdicius hold?

answer: Prefect of Egypt

text: Prefect of Egypt

question: What did Julian try to do to Athanasius?

answer: expulsion

text: expulsion

question: Did Athanasius tell the people to protest?

answer: urged them to submit

text: urged them to submit

question: Did he think he would be gone a long time?

answer: short duration

text: short duration

question: Who wasn't jealous of Athanasius's influence?

text: Julian

question: What position did Ecdicius reject?

text: Prefect of Egypt

question: What did Athanasius not tell the people?

text: to submit


text: The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private). Several community colleges are found in the metro area, including J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College and John Tyler Community College (Chesterfield County). In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Centura College. There are several vocational colleges also, such as Fortis College and Bryant Stratton College.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: Richmond

text: area

text: has

text: many

text: major

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: including

text: Virginia

text: Commonwealth

text: University

text: public

text: University

text: of

text: Richmond

text: private

text: Virginia

text: Union

text: University

text: private

text: Virginia

text: College

text: private

text: South

text: University

text: Richmond

text: private

text: for

text: profit

text: Union

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: Presbyterian

text: School

text: of

text: Christian

text: Education

text: private

text: and

text: the

text: Baptist

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: in

text: Richmond

text: BTSR

text: private

text: Several

text: community

text: colleges

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: metro

text: area

text: including

text: J.

text: Sargeant

text: Reynolds

text: Community

text: College

text: and

text: John

text: Tyler

text: Community

text: College

text: Chesterfield

text: County

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: several

text: Technical

text: Colleges

text: in

text: Richmond

text: including

text: ITT

text: Technical

text: Institute

text: ECPI

text: College

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: Centura

text: College

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: vocational

text: colleges

text: also

text: such

text: as

text: Fortis

text: College

text: and

text: Bryant

text: Stratton

text: College

question: What type of university is the University of Richmond?

answer: private

text: private

question: What is a for-profit university in Richmond?

answer: South University - Richmond

text: South University - Richmond

question: What does BTSR stand for?

answer: Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond

text: Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond

question: Where is John Tyler Community College located?

answer: Chesterfield County

text: Chesterfield County

question: What is Richmond's public university?

answer: Virginia Commonwealth

text: Virginia Commonwealth


text: During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: During

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: a

text: principal

text: focus

text: of

text: Canadian

text: defence

text: policy

text: was

text: contributing

text: to

text: the

text: security

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: military

text: threat

text: Toward

text: that

text: end

text: Canadian

text: ground

text: and

text: air

text: forces

text: were

text: based

text: in

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: until

text: the

text: early

question: What war were the CAF involved in?

answer: Cold War

text: Cold War

question: What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war?

answer: the security of Europe

text: the security of Europe

question: What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe?

answer: the Soviet military threat

text: the Soviet military threat

question: Apprimately since what year was the CAF stationed in Europe?

answer: the early 1950s

text: the early 1950s

question: What year did the CAF leave Europe?

answer: the early 1990s

text: the early 1990s

question: What were based in Europe in 1950?

text: Canadian ground and air forces

question: Where were Canadian ground and air forces based in 1950?

text: Europe

question: What years did the Cold War take place?

question: What war were the CAAF involved in?

text: Cold War

question: What was the goal of the CAF during the warm war?

text: security of Europe

question: What military thread did the CAF not protect against in Europe?

text: Soviet military threat

question: Approximately since what year was the CAF not stationed in Europe?

text: Soviet military threat

question: What year did the CAF join Europe?

text: early 1990s


text: Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the "cloud rising in the west": the ever-increasing power of Rome. He was known as "the darling of Hellas". Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought the latest war between Macedon and the Greek leagues (the social war 220-217) to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Philip

text: V

text: who

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: when

text: Doson

text: died

text: in

text: BC

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: Macedonian

text: ruler

text: with

text: both

text: the

text: talent

text: and

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: unite

text: Greece

text: and

text: preserve

text: its

text: independence

text: against

text: the

text: cloud

text: rising

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: ever

text: increasing

text: power

text: of

text: Rome

text: He

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: darling

text: of

text: Hellas

text: Under

text: his

text: auspices

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Naupactus

text: BC

text: brought

text: the

text: latest

text: war

text: between

text: Macedon

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: leagues

text: the

text: social

text: war

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: and

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: he

text: controlled

text: all

text: of

text: Greece

text: except

text: Athens

text: Rhodes

text: and

text: Pergamum

question: When did Doson die?

answer: 221 BC

text: 221 BC

question: Who took control when Doson died?

answer: Philip V

text: Philip V

question: Which ruler had the last, best chance of uniting Greece?

answer: Philip V

text: Philip V

question: What was Philip V known as?

answer: the darling of Hellas

text: the darling of Hellas

question: When was the Peace of Naupactus?

answer: 217 BC

text: 217 BC


text: The Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next:

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: Twelve

text: Nidānas

text: describe

text: a

text: causal

text: connection

text: between

text: the

text: subsequent

text: characteristics

text: or

text: conditions

text: of

text: cyclic

text: existence

text: each

text: one

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: next

question: What describes the connection between the conditions of cyclic existence?

answer: The Twelve Nidānas

text: The Twelve Nidānas

question: What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance?

answer: The Twelve Nidānas

text: The Twelve Nidānas


text: One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: members

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: allowed

text: to

text: re

text: arm

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: People

text: 's

text: Army

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: counter

text: the

text: rearmament

text: of

text: West

text: Germany

question: Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?

answer: East Germany

text: East Germany

question: What was the name of the East German armed forces?

answer: the National People's Army

text: the National People's Army

question: Which country was banned from rearming?

text: East Germany

question: Who allowed West Germany to re-arm?

text: Soviet Union

question: West Germany's army was know as what?

text: National People's Army

question: West Germany formed what army to counter to rearmament of East Germany?

text: National People's Army


text: Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data). To achieve this a backup operation is done occasionally or continuously, where each desired database state (i.e., the values of its data and their embedding in database's data structures) is kept within dedicated backup files (many techniques exist to do this effectively). When this state is needed, i.e., when it is decided by a database administrator to bring the database back to this state (e.g., by specifying this state by a desired point in time when the database was in this state), these files are utilized to restore that state.

title: Database

title: Database

text: Sometimes

text: it

text: is

text: desired

text: to

text: bring

text: a

text: database

text: back

text: to

text: a

text: previous

text: state

text: for

text: many

text: reasons

text: e.g.

text: cases

text: when

text: the

text: database

text: is

text: found

text: corrupted

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: software

text: error

text: or

text: if

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: updated

text: with

text: erroneous

text: data

text: To

text: achieve

text: this

text: a

text: backup

text: operation

text: is

text: done

text: occasionally

text: or

text: continuously

text: where

text: each

text: desired

text: database

text: state

text: i.e.

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: its

text: data

text: and

text: their

text: embedding

text: in

text: database

text: 's

text: data

text: structures

text: is

text: kept

text: within

text: dedicated

text: backup

text: files

text: many

text: techniques

text: exist

text: to

text: do

text: this

text: effectively

text: When

text: this

text: state

text: is

text: needed

text: i.e.

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: decided

text: by

text: a

text: database

text: administrator

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: database

text: back

text: to

text: this

text: state

text: e.g.

text: by

text: specifying

text: this

text: state

text: by

text: a

text: desired

text: point

text: in

text: time

text: when

text: the

text: database

text: was

text: in

text: this

text: state

text: these

text: files

text: are

text: utilized

text: to

text: restore

text: that

text: state

question: Name a reason to take a database backward in time?

answer: database is found corrupted

text: database is found corrupted

question: Is each database backup kept in the same file?

answer: dedicated backup files

text: dedicated backup files

question: Who can restore a database that has been corrupted?

answer: database administrator

text: database administrator

question: What parameter is requiret to restore a database?

answer: desired point in time

text: desired point in time

question: What is not a reason to take a database backward in time?

question: What type of file has no dedicated ones involved?

text: backup files

question: Who can restore a database that has been deleted?

text: database administrator

question: What can't be restored to a previous date?

text: a database

question: What operation can be done only once per year?

text: backup operation


text: Sessions for West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel. Determined to "undermine the commercial", he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill, dancehall, acid house, and industrial music. Primarily inspired by architecture, West's perfectionist tendencies led him to contact producer Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach. Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album's music and live television performances. Yeezus, West's sixth album, was released June 18, 2013 to rave reviews from critics. It became the rapper's sixth consecutive number one debut, but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales. Def Jam issued "Black Skinhead" to radio in July 2013 as the album's lead single. On September 6, 2013, Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him along the way.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: Sessions

text: for

text: West

text: 's

text: sixth

text: solo

text: effort

text: begin

text: to

text: take

text: shape

text: in

text: early

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: personal

text: loft

text: 's

text: living

text: room

text: at

text: a

text: Paris

text: hotel

text: Determined

text: to

text: undermine

text: the

text: commercial

text: he

text: once

text: again

text: brought

text: together

text: close

text: collaborators

text: and

text: attempted

text: to

text: incorporate

text: Chicago

text: drill

text: dancehall

text: acid

text: house

text: and

text: industrial

text: music

text: Primarily

text: inspired

text: by

text: architecture

text: West

text: 's

text: perfectionist

text: tendencies

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: contact

text: producer

text: Rick

text: Rubin

text: fifteen

text: days

text: shy

text: of

text: its

text: due

text: date

text: to

text: strip

text: down

text: the

text: record

text: 's

text: sound

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: more

text: minimalist

text: approach

text: Initial

text: promotion

text: of

text: his

text: sixth

text: album

text: included

text: worldwide

text: video

text: projections

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: music

text: and

text: live

text: television

text: performances

text: Yeezus

text: West

text: 's

text: sixth

text: album

text: was

text: released

text: June

text: to

text: rave

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: rapper

text: 's

text: sixth

text: consecutive

text: number

text: one

text: debut

text: but

text: also

text: marked

text: his

text: lowest

text: solo

text: opening

text: week

text: sales

text: Def

text: Jam

text: issued

text: Black

text: Skinhead

text: to

text: radio

text: in

text: July

text: as

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: lead

text: single

text: On

text: September

text: Kanye

text: West

text: announced

text: he

text: would

text: be

text: headlining

text: his

text: first

text: solo

text: tour

text: in

text: five

text: years

text: to

text: support

text: Yeezus

text: with

text: fellow

text: American

text: rapper

text: Kendrick

text: Lamar

text: accompanying

text: him

text: along

text: the

text: way

question: Where did Kanye begin production on his sixth album?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: What became the name of his sixth studio album?

answer: Yeezus

text: Yeezus

question: Who did Kanye tour alongside of in order to promote the efforts of Yeezus?

answer: Kendrick Lamar

text: Kendrick Lamar

question: In what year did Kanye West begin working on his sixth album?

answer: 2013

question: What was the inspiration behind Kanye West's decision to call Rick Rubin?

answer: architecture

text: architecture

question: What was the name of Kanye's sixth album?

answer: Yeezus

text: Yeezus

question: On what date was Yeezus released?

answer: June 18, 2013

text: June 18, 2013

question: What artist did Kanye go on tour with while promoting album number six?

answer: Kendrick Lamar

text: Kendrick Lamar


text: Cladistics is a technique borrowed from biology, where it was originally named phylogenetic systematics by Willi Hennig. In biology, the technique is used to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species. In its application in textual criticism, the text of a number of different manuscripts is entered into a computer, which records all the differences between them. The manuscripts are then grouped according to their shared characteristics. The difference between cladistics and more traditional forms of statistical analysis is that, rather than simply arranging the manuscripts into rough groupings according to their overall similarity, cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree and uses that assumption to derive relationships between them. This makes it more like an automated approach to stemmatics. However, where there is a difference, the computer does not attempt to decide which reading is closer to the original text, and so does not indicate which branch of the tree is the "root"—which manuscript tradition is closest to the original. Other types of evidence must be used for that purpose.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Cladistics

text: is

text: a

text: technique

text: borrowed

text: from

text: biology

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: originally

text: named

text: phylogenetic

text: systematics

text: by

text: Willi

text: Hennig

text: In

text: biology

text: the

text: technique

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: relationships

text: between

text: different

text: species

text: In

text: its

text: application

text: in

text: textual

text: criticism

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: manuscripts

text: is

text: entered

text: into

text: a

text: computer

text: which

text: records

text: all

text: the

text: differences

text: between

text: them

text: The

text: manuscripts

text: are

text: then

text: grouped

text: according

text: to

text: their

text: shared

text: characteristics

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: cladistics

text: and

text: more

text: traditional

text: forms

text: of

text: statistical

text: analysis

text: is

text: that

text: rather

text: than

text: simply

text: arranging

text: the

text: manuscripts

text: into

text: rough

text: groupings

text: according

text: to

text: their

text: overall

text: similarity

text: cladistics

text: assumes

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: branching

text: family

text: tree

text: and

text: uses

text: that

text: assumption

text: to

text: derive

text: relationships

text: between

text: them

text: This

text: makes

text: it

text: more

text: like

text: an

text: automated

text: approach

text: to

text: stemmatics

text: However

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: difference

text: the

text: computer

text: does

text: not

text: attempt

text: to

text: decide

text: which

text: reading

text: is

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: text

text: and

text: so

text: does

text: not

text: indicate

text: which

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: tree

text: is

text: the

text: root

text: which

text: manuscript

text: tradition

text: is

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: Other

text: types

text: of

text: evidence

text: must

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: that

text: purpose

question: What is the biological basis for Cladistics?

answer: to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species

text: to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species

question: How is evolution applied to textual criticism?

answer: manuscripts are then grouped according to their shared characteristics

text: manuscripts are then grouped according to their shared characteristics

question: How is cladistics similar to the stemmatic method?

answer: cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree

text: cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree

question: What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics?

answer: does not indicate which branch of the tree is the "root"

text: does not indicate which branch of the tree is the "root"

question: What is a technique borrowed from physics?

text: Cladistics

question: Phylogenetic systematics was originally called what?

text: Cladistics

question: How is cladistics the opposite of the stemmatic method?

question: What is the mathmatical basis for Cladistics?

text: phylogenetic systematics


text: Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Computers

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: coordinate

text: information

text: between

text: multiple

text: locations

text: since

text: the

text: The

text: U.S.

text: military

text: 's

text: SAGE

text: system

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: large

text: scale

text: example

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: system

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: special

text: purpose

text: commercial

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: Sabre

question: What system of the U.S. military's was the first large-scale system to coordinate information between several locations?

answer: SAGE system

text: SAGE system

question: When were computers first used to coordinate information between many locations?

answer: the 1950s

text: the 1950s


text: In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city status on 18 October 1928. The city's first Lord Mayor was appointed in 1935 and its boundaries further expanded in 1967 to include the town of Plympton and the parish of Plymstock.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: In

text: Nancy

text: Astor

text: was

text: elected

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: female

text: member

text: of

text: parliament

text: to

text: take

text: office

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Houses

text: of

text: Parliament

text: for

text: the

text: constituency

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: Sutton

text: Taking

text: over

text: office

text: from

text: her

text: husband

text: Waldorf

text: Astor

text: Lady

text: Astor

text: was

text: a

text: vibrantly

text: active

text: campaigner

text: for

text: her

text: resident

text: constituents

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: granted

text: city

text: status

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: first

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: was

text: appointed

text: in

text: and

text: its

text: boundaries

text: further

text: expanded

text: in

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Plympton

text: and

text: the

text: parish

text: of

text: Plymstock

question: Who was the first woman MP to take her seat in the British Parliament?

answer: Nancy Astor

text: Nancy Astor

question: For what constituency was Nancy Astor elected?

answer: Plymouth Sutton

text: Plymouth Sutton

question: On what date did Plymouth become a city?

answer: 18 October 1928

text: 18 October 1928

question: In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor?

answer: 1935

question: What parish was incorporated into Plymouth in 1967?

answer: Plymstock

text: Plymstock