text: Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear Stearns would collapse in March 2008 resulted in its fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase. The financial institution crisis hit its peak in September and October 2008. Several major institutions either failed, were acquired under duress, or were subject to government takeover. These included Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Washington Mutual, Wachovia, Citigroup, and AIG. On Oct. 6, 2008, three weeks after Lehman Brothers filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, Lehman's former CEO found himself before Representative Henry A. Waxman, the California Democrat who chaired the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Fuld said he was a victim of the collapse, blaming a "crisis of confidence" in the markets for dooming his firm.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Initially

text: the

text: companies

text: affected

text: were

text: those

text: directly

text: involved

text: in

text: home

text: construction

text: and

text: mortgage

text: lending

text: such

text: as

text: Northern

text: Rock

text: and

text: Countrywide

text: Financial

text: as

text: they

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: obtain

text: financing

text: through

text: the

text: credit

text: markets

text: Over

text: mortgage

text: lenders

text: went

text: bankrupt

text: during

text: and

text: Concerns

text: that

text: investment

text: bank

text: Bear

text: Stearns

text: would

text: collapse

text: in

text: March

text: resulted

text: in

text: its

text: fire

text: sale

text: to

text: JP

text: Morgan

text: Chase

text: The

text: financial

text: institution

text: crisis

text: hit

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: October

text: Several

text: major

text: institutions

text: either

text: failed

text: were

text: acquired

text: under

text: duress

text: or

text: were

text: subject

text: to

text: government

text: takeover

text: These

text: included

text: Lehman

text: Brothers

text: Merrill

text: Lynch

text: Fannie

text: Mae

text: Freddie

text: Mac

text: Washington

text: Mutual

text: Wachovia

text: Citigroup

text: and

text: AIG

text: On

text: Oct.

text: three

text: weeks

text: after

text: Lehman

text: Brothers

text: filed

text: the

text: largest

text: bankruptcy

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: Lehman

text: 's

text: former

text: CEO

text: found

text: himself

text: before

text: Representative

text: Henry

text: A.

text: Waxman

text: the

text: California

text: Democrat

text: who

text: chaired

text: the

text: House

text: Committee

text: on

text: Oversight

text: and

text: Government

text: Reform

text: Fuld

text: said

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: victim

text: of

text: the

text: collapse

text: blaming

text: a

text: crisis

text: of

text: confidence

text: in

text: the

text: markets

text: for

text: dooming

text: his

text: firm

question: How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008?

answer: Over 100

text: Over 100

question: Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in March 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase?

answer: Bear Stearns

text: Bear Stearns

question: When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak?

answer: September and October 2008

text: September and October 2008

question: When did Lehman's former CEO appear before Representative Henry A. Waxman?

answer: Oct. 6, 2008

text: Oct. 6, 2008

question: What firm filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history?

answer: Lehman Brothers

text: Lehman Brothers


text: The Gorals of southern Poland and northern Slovakia are partially descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs who migrated into the region from the 14th to 17th centuries and were absorbed into the local population. The population of Moravian Wallachia also descend of this population.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: The

text: Gorals

text: of

text: southern

text: Poland

text: and

text: northern

text: Slovakia

text: are

text: partially

text: descended

text: from

text: Romance

text: speaking

text: Vlachs

text: who

text: migrated

text: into

text: the

text: region

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: and

text: were

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: local

text: population

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Moravian

text: Wallachia

text: also

text: descend

text: of

text: this

text: population

question: Where did the Gorals reside?

answer: southern Poland and northern Slovakia

text: southern Poland and northern Slovakia

question: Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?

answer: Gorals

text: Gorals

question: When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?

answer: 14th to 17th centuries

text: 14th to 17th centuries

question: What population descended from the Vlachs?

answer: Moravian Wallachia

text: Moravian Wallachia

question: Who descended from the Gorals?

text: Vlachs

question: What language did Gorals speak?

text: Romance

question: When did the Gorals live in southern Poland?

text: from the 14th to 17th centuries

question: Where do Moravian Wallachia live?

text: southern Poland and northern Slovakia


text: Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertainty as to estimates of sea level change relative to the islands of Tuvalu was reflected in the conclusions made in 2002 from the available data. The 2011 report of the Pacific Climate Change Science Program published by the Australian Government, concludes: "The sea-level rise near Tuvalu measured by satellite altimeters since 1993 is about 5 mm (0.2 in) per year."

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Whether

text: there

text: are

text: measurable

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: level

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: is

text: a

text: contentious

text: issue

text: There

text: were

text: problems

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: sea

text: level

text: records

text: from

text: Funafuti

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: improvements

text: in

text: the

text: recording

text: technology

text: to

text: provide

text: more

text: reliable

text: data

text: for

text: analysis

text: The

text: degree

text: of

text: uncertainty

text: as

text: to

text: estimates

text: of

text: sea

text: level

text: change

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: was

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: conclusions

text: made

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: available

text: data

text: The

text: report

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Climate

text: Change

text: Science

text: Program

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Australian

text: Government

text: concludes

text: The

text: sea

text: level

text: rise

text: near

text: Tuvalu

text: measured

text: by

text: satellite

text: altimeters

text: since

text: is

text: about

text: mm

text: in

text: per

text: year

question: What subject is arguable concerning Tuvalu?

answer: sea level

text: sea level

question: What was the amount of sea level change on Tuvalu estimated by the 2011 report?

answer: 5 mm

text: 5 mm

question: What device was used to produce the measurements of sea level change on Tuvalu?

answer: satellite

text: satellite

question: Prior to what year were the reports used to assess sea level rise?

answer: pre-1993

question: What is assumed about the sea level reports and records of Tuvalu?

answer: degree of uncertainty

text: degree of uncertainty


text: Prompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a "crisis" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games. though he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members. The outcome of the relay influenced the IOC's decision to scrap global relays in future editions of the games.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Prompted

text: by

text: the

text: chaotic

text: torch

text: relays

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: Jacques

text: Rogge

text: described

text: the

text: situation

text: as

text: a

text: crisis

text: for

text: the

text: organization

text: and

text: stated

text: that

text: any

text: athletes

text: displaying

text: Tibetan

text: flags

text: at

text: Olympic

text: venues

text: could

text: be

text: expelled

text: from

text: the

text: games

text: though

text: he

text: stopped

text: short

text: of

text: cancelling

text: the

text: relay

text: altogether

text: despite

text: calls

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: by

text: some

text: IOC

text: members

text: The

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: relay

text: influenced

text: the

text: IOC

text: 's

text: decision

text: to

text: scrap

text: global

text: relays

text: in

text: future

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: games

question: Who is the president of the International Olympic Committee?

answer: Jacques Rogge

text: Jacques Rogge

question: Athletes wearing what kind of flag at any Olympic venue faced the possibility of expulsion from the Olympics?

answer: Tibetan

text: Tibetan

question: Because of the relay issues, IOC decided to no longer have what in subsequent Olympics?

answer: global relays

text: global relays

question: What is the name of the man who said the protesting of the torch relay as a "crisis"?

answer: Jacques Rogge

text: Jacques Rogge

question: What could happen to Olympic sports participants who showed a Tibetan flag at events?

answer: could be expelled

text: could be expelled

question: Who asked that the torch relay be ended?

answer: IOC members.

text: IOC members.

question: What was halted with the torch relay for future Olympics?

answer: global relays

text: global relays


text: The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means "Our Lady of the Lake" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the "Word of Life" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: du

text: Lac

text: or

text: simply

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/

text: NOH

text: tər

text: DAYM

text: is

text: a

text: Catholic

text: research

text: university

text: located

text: adjacent

text: to

text: South

text: Bend

text: Indiana

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: French

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: du

text: Lac

text: means

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: Lake

text: and

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: patron

text: saint

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: The

text: main

text: campus

text: covers

text: acres

text: in

text: a

text: suburban

text: setting

text: and

text: it

text: contains

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: recognizable

text: landmarks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Golden

text: Dome

text: the

text: Word

text: of

text: Life

text: mural

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Touchdown

text: Jesus

text: and

text: the

text: Basilica

question: The school known as Notre Dame is known by a more lengthy name, what is it?

answer: University of Notre Dame du

text: University of Notre Dame du

question: What type of institution is the Notre Dame?

answer: Catholic research university

text: Catholic research university

question: The French words Notre Dame du Lac translate to what in English?

answer: Our Lady of the Lake

text: Our Lady of the Lake

question: Who is the patron saint of Notre Dame?

answer: the Virgin Mary

text: the Virgin Mary

question: How large is Notre Dame in acres?

answer: 1,250


text: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are widely used: wood fibers are an important component of most paper, and cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic materials. Wood derivatives can also be used for kinds of flooring, for example laminate flooring.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wood

text: unsuitable

text: for

text: construction

text: in

text: its

text: native

text: form

text: may

text: be

text: broken

text: down

text: mechanically

text: into

text: fibers

text: or

text: chips

text: or

text: chemically

text: into

text: cellulose

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: raw

text: material

text: for

text: other

text: building

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: engineered

text: wood

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: chipboard

text: hardboard

text: and

text: medium

text: density

text: fiberboard

text: MDF

text: Such

text: wood

text: derivatives

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: wood

text: fibers

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: component

text: of

text: most

text: paper

text: and

text: cellulose

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: component

text: of

text: some

text: synthetic

text: materials

text: Wood

text: derivatives

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: kinds

text: of

text: flooring

text: for

text: example

text: laminate

text: flooring

question: What material results from chemically breaking down wood?

answer: cellulose

text: cellulose

question: What's the abbreviation for medium-density fiberboard?

answer: MDF

text: MDF

question: How is wood broken down into chips and fibers?

answer: mechanically

text: mechanically

question: What type of flooring can be made from wood derivatives?

answer: laminate

text: laminate

question: What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?

answer: paper

text: paper


text: Deciding to give up his lucrative private Boston practice, Bell retained only two students, six-year-old "Georgie" Sanders, deaf from birth, and 15-year-old Mabel Hubbard. Each pupil would play an important role in the next developments. George's father, Thomas Sanders, a wealthy businessman, offered Bell a place to stay in nearby Salem with Georgie's grandmother, complete with a room to "experiment". Although the offer was made by George's mother and followed the year-long arrangement in 1872 where her son and his nurse had moved to quarters next to Bell's boarding house, it was clear that Mr. Sanders was backing the proposal. The arrangement was for teacher and student to continue their work together, with free room and board thrown in. Mabel was a bright, attractive girl who was ten years Bell's junior, but became the object of his affection. Having lost her hearing after a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever close to her fifth birthday,[N 13] she had learned to read lips but her father, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell's benefactor and personal friend, wanted her to work directly with her teacher.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Deciding

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: his

text: lucrative

text: private

text: Boston

text: practice

text: Bell

text: retained

text: only

text: two

text: students

text: six

text: year

text: old

text: Georgie

text: Sanders

text: deaf

text: from

text: birth

text: and

text: old

text: Mabel

text: Hubbard

text: Each

text: pupil

text: would

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: developments

text: George

text: 's

text: father

text: Thomas

text: Sanders

text: a

text: wealthy

text: businessman

text: offered

text: Bell

text: a

text: place

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: nearby

text: Salem

text: with

text: Georgie

text: 's

text: grandmother

text: complete

text: with

text: a

text: room

text: to

text: experiment

text: Although

text: the

text: offer

text: was

text: made

text: by

text: George

text: 's

text: mother

text: and

text: followed

text: the

text: year

text: long

text: arrangement

text: in

text: where

text: her

text: son

text: and

text: his

text: nurse

text: had

text: moved

text: to

text: quarters

text: next

text: to

text: Bell

text: 's

text: boarding

text: house

text: it

text: was

text: clear

text: that

text: Mr.

text: Sanders

text: was

text: backing

text: the

text: proposal

text: The

text: arrangement

text: was

text: for

text: teacher

text: and

text: student

text: to

text: continue

text: their

text: work

text: together

text: with

text: free

text: room

text: and

text: board

text: thrown

text: in

text: Mabel

text: was

text: a

text: bright

text: attractive

text: girl

text: who

text: was

text: ten

text: years

text: Bell

text: 's

text: junior

text: but

text: became

text: the

text: object

text: of

text: his

text: affection

text: Having

text: lost

text: her

text: hearing

text: after

text: a

text: near

text: fatal

text: bout

text: of

text: scarlet

text: fever

text: close

text: to

text: her

text: fifth

text: birthday,[N

text: she

text: had

text: learned

text: to

text: read

text: lips

text: but

text: her

text: father

text: Gardiner

text: Greene

text: Hubbard

text: Bell

text: 's

text: benefactor

text: and

text: personal

text: friend

text: wanted

text: her

text: to

text: work

text: directly

text: with

text: her

text: teacher

question: Bell's two remaining students were "Georgie" Sanders and who?

answer: Mabel Hubbard

text: Mabel Hubbard

question: What was Georgie's father's name?

answer: Thomas Sanders

text: Thomas Sanders

question: What disease made Mabel deaf?

answer: scarlet fever

text: scarlet fever

question: How old was Mabel when she became deaf?

answer: 15


text: This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual for flights to be delayed in the holding pattern before landing. Following the airport's master plan, Infraero built a second runway, which was finished in 2006. In 2007, the airport handled 11,119,872 passengers. The main building's third floor, with 12 thousand square meters, has a panoramic deck, a food court, shops, four movie theatres with total capacity of 500 people, and space for exhibitions. Brasília Airport has 136 vendor spaces. The airport is located about 11 km (6.8 mi) from the central area of Brasília, outside the metro system. The area outside the airport's main gate is lined with taxis as well as several bus line services which connect the airport to Brasília's central district. The parking lot accommodates 1,200 cars. The airport is serviced by domestic and regional airlines (TAM, GOL, Azul, WebJET, Trip and Avianca), in addition to a number of international carriers. In 2012, Brasília's International Airport was won by the InfrAmerica consortium, formed by the Brazilian engineering company ENGEVIX and the Argentine Corporacion America holding company, with a 50% stake each. During the 25-year concession, the airport may be expanded to up to 40 million passengers a year.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: This

text: makes

text: for

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: takeoffs

text: and

text: landings

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: unusual

text: for

text: flights

text: to

text: be

text: delayed

text: in

text: the

text: holding

text: pattern

text: before

text: landing

text: Following

text: the

text: airport

text: 's

text: master

text: plan

text: Infraero

text: built

text: a

text: second

text: runway

text: which

text: was

text: finished

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: airport

text: handled

text: passengers

text: The

text: main

text: building

text: 's

text: third

text: floor

text: with

text: thousand

text: square

text: meters

text: has

text: a

text: panoramic

text: deck

text: a

text: food

text: court

text: shops

text: four

text: movie

text: theatres

text: with

text: total

text: capacity

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: space

text: for

text: exhibitions

text: Brasília

text: Airport

text: has

text: vendor

text: spaces

text: The

text: airport

text: is

text: located

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: central

text: area

text: of

text: Brasília

text: outside

text: the

text: metro

text: system

text: The

text: area

text: outside

text: the

text: airport

text: 's

text: main

text: gate

text: is

text: lined

text: with

text: taxis

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: several

text: bus

text: line

text: services

text: which

text: connect

text: the

text: airport

text: to

text: Brasília

text: 's

text: central

text: district

text: The

text: parking

text: lot

text: accommodates

text: cars

text: The

text: airport

text: is

text: serviced

text: by

text: domestic

text: and

text: regional

text: airlines

text: TAM

text: GOL

text: Azul

text: WebJET

text: Trip

text: and

text: Avianca

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: international

text: carriers

text: In

text: Brasília

text: 's

text: International

text: Airport

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: the

text: InfrAmerica

text: consortium

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: engineering

text: company

text: ENGEVIX

text: and

text: the

text: Argentine

text: Corporacion

text: America

text: holding

text: company

text: with

text: a

text: stake

text: each

text: During

text: the

text: concession

text: the

text: airport

text: may

text: be

text: expanded

text: to

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: passengers

text: a

text: year

question: When did Brasilia's airport add a second runway?

answer: 2006

question: How many passengers came through Brasilia's airport in 2007?

answer: 11,119,872

question: How many movie theaters are in Brasilia's airport?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many vendor spaces are in Brasilia's airport?

answer: 136

question: How many parking spaces are there at Brasilia's airport?

answer: 1,200

question: What did Avianca build by following the airport master plan?

text: a second runway

question: When did WebJET add a second runway?

question: How many passengers did the airport handle in 2006?

question: How many vendor spaces does ENGEVIX have?

question: In 2007 by how much was the airport expanded to handle?

text: up to 40 million passengers a year


text: In 2012, resident foreigners made up 23.3% of the population. Most of these (64%) were from European Union or EFTA countries. Italians were the largest single group of foreigners with 15.6% of total foreign population. They were closely followed by Germans (15.2%), immigrants from Portugal (12.7%), France (5.6%), Serbia (5.3%), Turkey (3.8%), Spain (3.7%), and Austria (2%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group among people of Asian origin (6.3%). Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland, i.e. 2,335,000 persons, had an immigrant background. A third of this population (853,000) held Swiss citizenship. Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens). In the 2000s, domestic and international institutions expressed concern about what they perceived as an increase in xenophobia, particularly in some political campaigns. In reply to one critical report the Federal Council noted that "racism unfortunately is present in Switzerland", but stated that the high proportion of foreign citizens in the country, as well as the generally unproblematic integration of foreigners", underlined Switzerland's openness.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: In

text: resident

text: foreigners

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Most

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: from

text: European

text: Union

text: or

text: EFTA

text: countries

text: Italians

text: were

text: the

text: largest

text: single

text: group

text: of

text: foreigners

text: with

text: of

text: total

text: foreign

text: population

text: They

text: were

text: closely

text: followed

text: by

text: Germans

text: immigrants

text: from

text: Portugal

text: France

text: Serbia

text: Turkey

text: Spain

text: and

text: Austria

text: Immigrants

text: from

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: former

text: Tamil

text: refugees

text: were

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: among

text: people

text: of

text: Asian

text: origin

text: Additionally

text: the

text: figures

text: from

text: show

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: permanent

text: resident

text: population

text: aged

text: or

text: over

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: i.e.

text: persons

text: had

text: an

text: immigrant

text: background

text: A

text: third

text: of

text: this

text: population

text: held

text: Swiss

text: citizenship

text: Four

text: fifths

text: of

text: persons

text: with

text: an

text: immigration

text: background

text: were

text: themselves

text: immigrants

text: first

text: generation

text: foreigners

text: and

text: native

text: born

text: and

text: naturalised

text: Swiss

text: citizens

text: whereas

text: one

text: fifth

text: were

text: born

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: second

text: generation

text: foreigners

text: and

text: native

text: born

text: and

text: naturalised

text: Swiss

text: citizens

text: In

text: the

text: domestic

text: and

text: international

text: institutions

text: expressed

text: concern

text: about

text: what

text: they

text: perceived

text: as

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: xenophobia

text: particularly

text: in

text: some

text: political

text: campaigns

text: In

text: reply

text: to

text: one

text: critical

text: report

text: the

text: Federal

text: Council

text: noted

text: that

text: racism

text: unfortunately

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: but

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: high

text: proportion

text: of

text: foreign

text: citizens

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: generally

text: unproblematic

text: integration

text: of

text: foreigners

text: underlined

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: openness

question: In 2010, what percentage of the population was made up of foreigners?

answer: 23.3%

question: Who were the largest single group of foreigners in 2010?

answer: Italians

text: Italians

question: What percentage of the population aged 15 and over were shown to have an immigrant background as of 2012?

answer: 34.7%

question: What percentage of the immigrants were born in Switzerland as of 2012?

answer: one fifth

text: one fifth

question: In the 2000's, what was the concern perceived toward immigrants by institutions?

answer: increase in xenophobia

text: increase in xenophobia


text: Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both. In its foundation, it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..." This stems from the fact that states in the US maintain all sovereignty that they do not yield to the federation by their own consent. This was reaffirmed by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Federations

text: often

text: employ

text: the

text: paradox

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: union

text: of

text: states

text: while

text: still

text: being

text: states

text: or

text: having

text: aspects

text: of

text: statehood

text: in

text: themselves

text: For

text: example

text: James

text: Madison

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: Constitution

text: wrote

text: in

text: Federalist

text: Paper

text: No

text: that

text: the

text: US

text: Constitution

text: is

text: in

text: strictness

text: neither

text: a

text: national

text: nor

text: a

text: federal

text: constitution

text: but

text: a

text: composition

text: of

text: both

text: In

text: its

text: foundation

text: it

text: is

text: federal

text: not

text: national

text: in

text: the

text: sources

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: ordinary

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: are

text: drawn

text: it

text: is

text: partly

text: federal

text: and

text: partly

text: national

text: This

text: stems

text: from

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: maintain

text: all

text: sovereignty

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: yield

text: to

text: the

text: federation

text: by

text: their

text: own

text: consent

text: This

text: was

text: reaffirmed

text: by

text: the

text: Tenth

text: Amendment

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: which

text: reserves

text: all

text: powers

text: and

text: rights

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: delegated

text: to

text: the

text: Federal

text: Government

text: as

text: left

text: to

text: the

text: States

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: people

question: What does federations often employ?

answer: union of states

text: union of states

question: What is federalist paper no. 39?

answer: that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both

text: that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both

question: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39?

answer: it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..

text: it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..

question: What is the 10th Amendment in the United States?

answer: which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.

text: which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.

question: What does federations never employ?

text: union of states

question: What does federalist paper no. 93 contain?

question: What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain?

question: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 93?

question: What is the 10th Amendment in the United Nations?


text: The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: The

text: birth

text: of

text: Islam

text: on

text: the

text: opposite

text: side

text: of

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: meant

text: that

text: Somali

text: merchants

text: sailors

text: and

text: expatriates

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: gradually

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: religion

text: through

text: their

text: converted

text: Arab

text: Muslim

text: trading

text: partners

text: With

text: the

text: migration

text: of

text: fleeing

text: Muslim

text: families

text: from

text: the

text: Islamic

text: world

text: to

text: Somalia

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: centuries

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: the

text: peaceful

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: Somali

text: population

text: by

text: Somali

text: Muslim

text: scholars

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: centuries

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: states

text: eventually

text: transformed

text: into

text: Islamic

text: Mogadishu

text: Berbera

text: Zeila

text: Barawa

text: and

text: Merca

text: which

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Berberi

text: civilization

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Mogadishu

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: controlled

text: the

text: East

text: African

text: gold

text: trade

text: for

text: several

text: centuries

question: What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born?

answer: Red Sea

text: Red Sea

question: In what location was Islam born?

answer: the Arabian Peninsula

text: the Arabian Peninsula

question: What civilization was Mogadishu a part of?

answer: Berberi

text: Berberi

question: What was another name for Mogadishu?

answer: the City of Islam

text: the City of Islam

question: The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu?

answer: gold

text: gold


text: Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; Plano, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Peoria, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida. Facilities located abroad include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines Chennai, India; Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolandia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland; Panama City, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; and Casablanca, Morocco.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: Plano

text: Texas

text: Nashua

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: Nashville

text: Tennessee

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Oklahoma

text: Peoria

text: Illinois

text: Hillsboro

text: Oregon

text: Portland

text: area

text: Winston

text: Salem

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Eden

text: Prairie

text: Minnesota

text: Dell

text: Compellent

text: Bowling

text: Green

text: Kentucky

text: Lincoln

text: Nebraska

text: and

text: Miami

text: Florida

text: Facilities

text: located

text: abroad

text: include

text: Penang

text: Malaysia

text: Xiamen

text: China

text: Bracknell

text: UK

text: Manila

text: Philippines

text: Chennai

text: India

text: Hyderabad

text: India

text: Noida

text: India

text: Hortolandia

text: and

text: Porto

text: Alegre

text: Brazil

text: Bratislava

text: Slovakia

text: Łódź

text: Poland

text: Panama

text: City

text: Panama

text: Dublin

text: and

text: Limerick

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Casablanca

text: Morocco

question: What city is Dell's New Hampshire facility in?

answer: Nashua

text: Nashua

question: What city is Dell's Tennessee facility in?

answer: Nashville

text: Nashville

question: What city is Dell's Minnesota facility in?

answer: Eden Prairie

text: Eden Prairie

question: What city is Dell's Florida facility in?

answer: Miami

text: Miami

question: What city isn't Dell's New Hampshire facility in?

text: Nashua

question: What city isn't Dell's Tennessee facility in?

text: Nashville

question: What city isn't Dell's Minnesota facility in?

text: Eden Prairie

question: What city isn't Dell's Florida facility in?

text: Miami

question: What city isn't Dell's Nebraska facility in?

text: Lincoln


text: Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music. During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads, Dr. Feelgood and The Kursaal Flyers, who formed a musical genre called Pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Pubs

text: may

text: be

text: venues

text: for

text: pub

text: songs

text: and

text: live

text: music

text: During

text: the

text: pubs

text: provided

text: an

text: outlet

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Kilburn

text: and

text: the

text: High

text: Roads

text: Dr.

text: Feelgood

text: and

text: The

text: Kursaal

text: Flyers

text: who

text: formed

text: a

text: musical

text: genre

text: called

text: Pub

text: rock

text: that

text: was

text: a

text: precursor

text: to

text: Punk

text: music

question: Dr. Feelgood and the Kursaal Flyers are examples of bands from what genre of music?

answer: Pub rock

text: Pub rock

question: What genre of music was influenced by pub rock?

answer: Punk music

text: Punk music

question: In what decade was Pub rock popular?

answer: the 1970s

text: the 1970s


text: The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand. In reviewing 164 recent scenarios of future renewable energy growth, the report noted that the majority expected renewable sources to supply more than 17% of total energy by 2030, and 27% by 2050; the highest forecast projected 43% supplied by renewables by 2030 and 77% by 2050. Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even advocates anticipated. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply. Also, Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow have developed a series of "stabilization wedges" that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change, and "renewable energy sources," in aggregate, constitute the largest number of their "wedges."

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: The

text: incentive

text: to

text: use

text: renewable

text: energy

text: for

text: electricity

text: transport

text: or

text: even

text: total

text: primary

text: energy

text: supply

text: globally

text: has

text: been

text: motivated

text: by

text: global

text: warming

text: and

text: other

text: ecological

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: economic

text: concerns

text: The

text: Intergovernmental

text: Panel

text: on

text: Climate

text: Change

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: few

text: fundamental

text: technological

text: limits

text: to

text: integrating

text: a

text: portfolio

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: to

text: meet

text: most

text: of

text: total

text: global

text: energy

text: demand

text: In

text: reviewing

text: recent

text: scenarios

text: of

text: future

text: renewable

text: energy

text: growth

text: the

text: report

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: majority

text: expected

text: renewable

text: sources

text: to

text: supply

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: total

text: energy

text: by

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: highest

text: forecast

text: projected

text: supplied

text: by

text: renewables

text: by

text: and

text: by

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: use

text: has

text: grown

text: much

text: faster

text: than

text: even

text: advocates

text: anticipated

text: At

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: at

text: least

text: nations

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: already

text: have

text: renewable

text: energy

text: contributing

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: energy

text: supply

text: Also

text: Professors

text: S.

text: Pacala

text: and

text: Robert

text: H.

text: Socolow

text: have

text: developed

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: stabilization

text: wedges

text: that

text: can

text: allow

text: us

text: to

text: maintain

text: our

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: while

text: avoiding

text: catastrophic

text: climate

text: change

text: and

text: renewable

text: energy

text: sources

text: in

text: aggregate

text: constitute

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: their

text: wedges

question: What motivated the incentive to use 100 percent renewable energy?

answer: global warming

text: global warming

question: How many nations already have renewable energy contributing to more than 20 percent of energy supply?

answer: at least 30 nations

text: at least 30 nations

question: Who developed a series of stabilization wedges?

answer: Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow

text: Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow

question: What motivated the incentive to use 10 percent renewable energy?

text: global warming

question: How many nations already have renewable energy contributing to more than 40 percent of energy supply?

text: at least 30 nations

question: Who rejected a series of stabilization wedges?


text: The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[citation needed] although it may have begun as early as 1812. This period is also significant because it marked the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.[citation needed]

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Antebellum

text: Age

text: was

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: increasing

text: division

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: slavery

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: South

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: territories

text: of

text: Kansas

text: and

text: Nebraska

text: that

text: eventually

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: The

text: Antebellum

text: Period

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: begun

text: with

text: the

text: Kansas

text: Nebraska

text: Act

text: of

text: needed

text: although

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: begun

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: This

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: significant

text: because

text: it

text: marked

text: the

text: transition

text: of

text: American

text: manufacturing

text: to

text: the

text: industrial

text: revolution.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the antebellum age?

answer: a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery

text: a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery

question: When did the civil was begin?

answer: 1861

question: When was the Antebellum age considered to have begun?

answer: with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854

text: with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854

question: What did The Antebellum age mark?

answer: the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.

text: the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.


text: "New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock. "New Labour" as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour".

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: New

text: Labour

text: was

text: first

text: termed

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: branding

text: for

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: dating

text: from

text: a

text: conference

text: slogan

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: seen

text: in

text: a

text: draft

text: manifesto

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: party

text: in

text: called

text: New

text: Labour

text: New

text: Life

text: For

text: Britain

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: trend

text: that

text: had

text: begun

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Neil

text: Kinnock

text: New

text: Labour

text: as

text: a

text: name

text: has

text: no

text: official

text: status

text: but

text: remains

text: in

text: common

text: use

text: to

text: distinguish

text: modernisers

text: from

text: those

text: holding

text: to

text: more

text: traditional

text: positions

text: normally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Old

text: Labour

question: What was the other name for the Labout Party?

answer: "New Labour"

text: "New Labour"

question: When was this branding first used?

answer: 1994

question: When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?

answer: 1996

question: What was this manifesto called?

answer: New Labour, New Life For Britain

text: New Labour, New Life For Britain

question: What was an alternate branding for the Conservative Party?

text: New Labour

question: When was the term New Labour last used?

question: Who ended the New Labour trend?

text: Neil Kinnock

question: What publication was the term New Labour never used?

text: draft manifesto

question: What status does the name "old Labour" have?

text: official


text: One senator represents the island in the French Senate. The first election was held on 21 September 2008 with the last election in September 2014. St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of the European Union on 1 January 2012, but the island's inhabitants remain French citizens with EU status holding EU passports. France is responsible for the defence of the island and as such has stationed a security force on the island comprising six policemen and thirteen gendarmes (posted on two-year term).

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: One

text: senator

text: represents

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: Senate

text: The

text: first

text: election

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: September

text: with

text: the

text: last

text: election

text: in

text: September

text: St.

text: Barthélemy

text: became

text: an

text: overseas

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: on

text: January

text: but

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: inhabitants

text: remain

text: French

text: citizens

text: with

text: EU

text: status

text: holding

text: EU

text: passports

text: France

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: defence

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: has

text: stationed

text: a

text: security

text: force

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: comprising

text: six

text: policemen

text: and

text: thirteen

text: gendarmes

text: posted

text: on

text: two

text: year

text: term

question: How many senators represent St. Barts in France?

answer: One

text: One

question: What year was the first senate election held for the St. Barts?

answer: 2008

question: When was the last senate election in St. Barts?

answer: September 2014

text: September 2014

question: What organization did St. Barts become a part of in 2012?

answer: the European Union

text: the European Union

question: How many policemen does the French government pay for on St. Barts?

answer: thirteen

text: thirteen

question: On what date in September 2014 was the last election held?

question: How long do the policemen terms last?

text: two-year term

question: In what year did St. Barthelemy residents become French citizens?

question: How many senators are there in the French Senate?


text: Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Building

text: on

text: the

text: earlier

text: work

text: of

text: Ludwig

text: von

text: Mises

text: and

text: others

text: Hayek

text: also

text: argued

text: that

text: while

text: in

text: centrally

text: planned

text: economies

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: a

text: select

text: group

text: of

text: individuals

text: must

text: determine

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: resources

text: these

text: planners

text: will

text: never

text: have

text: enough

text: information

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: this

text: allocation

text: reliably

text: This

text: argument

text: first

text: proposed

text: by

text: Max

text: Weber

text: says

text: that

text: the

text: efficient

text: exchange

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: resources

text: can

text: be

text: maintained

text: only

text: through

text: the

text: price

text: mechanism

text: in

text: free

text: markets

text: see

text: economic

text: calculation

text: problem

question: What did Hayek claim those who must distribute resources would lack most?

answer: enough information

text: enough information

question: Whose work most notably influenced Hayek's argument regarding resource distribution?

answer: Max Weber

text: Max Weber

question: What is the one way Hayek argued that resource distribution could succeed?

answer: through the price mechanism in free markets

text: through the price mechanism in free markets

question: Other than Max Weber, who was a notable influence to Hayek's statements regarding resource distribution?

answer: Ludwig von Mises

text: Ludwig von Mises


text: The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occurred from 1998–2000 and from 2000–2001. A reef restoration project has investigated reef restoration techniques; and researchers from Japan have investigated rebuilding the coral reefs through the introduction of foraminifera. The project of the Japan International Cooperation Agency is designed to increase the resilience of the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise through ecosystem rehabilitation and regeneration and through support for sand production.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: reefs

text: at

text: Funafuti

text: have

text: suffered

text: damage

text: with

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: coral

text: becoming

text: bleached

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: ocean

text: temperatures

text: and

text: ocean

text: acidification

text: The

text: coral

text: bleaching

text: which

text: includes

text: staghorn

text: corals

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: increase

text: in

text: water

text: temperature

text: that

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: El

text: Niños

text: that

text: occurred

text: from

text: and

text: from

text: A

text: reef

text: restoration

text: project

text: has

text: investigated

text: reef

text: restoration

text: techniques

text: and

text: researchers

text: from

text: Japan

text: have

text: investigated

text: rebuilding

text: the

text: coral

text: reefs

text: through

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: foraminifera

text: The

text: project

text: of

text: the

text: Japan

text: International

text: Cooperation

text: Agency

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: resilience

text: of

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: coast

text: against

text: sea

text: level

text: rise

text: through

text: ecosystem

text: rehabilitation

text: and

text: regeneration

text: and

text: through

text: support

text: for

text: sand

text: production

question: What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached?

answer: 80 per cent

text: 80 per cent

question: What increase caused by the El Ninos is responsible for the coral bleaching?

answer: water temperature

text: water temperature

question: What type of project has been started to rebuild the reefs at Tuvalu?

answer: reef restoration

text: reef restoration

question: What has been investigated as a means of rebuilding the reefs at Tuvalu?

answer: foraminifera

text: foraminifera

question: What is hoped will strengthen the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise?

answer: ecosystem rehabilitation

text: ecosystem rehabilitation


text: Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask. He produced solid hydrogen the next year. Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey, and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, and Paul Harteck. Heavy water, which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen, was discovered by Urey's group in 1932. François Isaac de Rivaz built the first de Rivaz engine, an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in 1806. Edward Daniel Clarke invented the hydrogen gas blowpipe in 1819. The Döbereiner's lamp and limelight were invented in 1823.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Hydrogen

text: was

text: liquefied

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: by

text: James

text: Dewar

text: in

text: by

text: using

text: regenerative

text: cooling

text: and

text: his

text: invention

text: the

text: vacuum

text: flask

text: He

text: produced

text: solid

text: hydrogen

text: the

text: next

text: year

text: Deuterium

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: December

text: by

text: Harold

text: Urey

text: and

text: tritium

text: was

text: prepared

text: in

text: by

text: Ernest

text: Rutherford

text: Mark

text: Oliphant

text: and

text: Paul

text: Harteck

text: Heavy

text: water

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: deuterium

text: in

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: regular

text: hydrogen

text: was

text: discovered

text: by

text: Urey

text: 's

text: group

text: in

text: François

text: Isaac

text: de

text: Rivaz

text: built

text: the

text: first

text: de

text: Rivaz

text: engine

text: an

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: powered

text: by

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: oxygen

text: in

text: Edward

text: Daniel

text: Clarke

text: invented

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: gas

text: blowpipe

text: in

text: The

text: Döbereiner

text: 's

text: lamp

text: and

text: limelight

text: were

text: invented

text: in

question: Who was the first to liquidize hydrogen?

answer: James Dewar

text: James Dewar

question: In what year Did James Dewar first liquidize hydrogen?

answer: 1898

question: What year was Deuterium discovered?

answer: 1931

question: Who was the first to discover deuterium?

answer: Harold Urey

text: Harold Urey

question: What year was tritium discovered?

answer: 1934


text: Internet Explorer, on the other hand, was bundled free with the Windows operating system (and was also downloadable free), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users. Internet Explorer also used to be available for the Mac. It is likely that releasing IE for the Mac was part of Microsoft's overall strategy to fight threats to its quasi-monopoly platform dominance - threats such as web standards and Java - by making some web developers, or at least their managers, assume that there was "no need" to develop for anything other than Internet Explorer. In this respect, IE may have contributed to Windows and Microsoft applications sales in another way, through "lock-in" to Microsoft's browser.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: was

text: bundled

text: free

text: with

text: the

text: Windows

text: operating

text: system

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: downloadable

text: free

text: and

text: therefore

text: it

text: was

text: funded

text: partly

text: by

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: Windows

text: to

text: computer

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: direct

text: to

text: users

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: available

text: for

text: the

text: Mac

text: It

text: is

text: likely

text: that

text: releasing

text: IE

text: for

text: the

text: Mac

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: overall

text: strategy

text: to

text: fight

text: threats

text: to

text: its

text: quasi

text: monopoly

text: platform

text: dominance

text: threats

text: such

text: as

text: web

text: standards

text: and

text: Java

text: by

text: making

text: some

text: web

text: developers

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: their

text: managers

text: assume

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: need

text: to

text: develop

text: for

text: anything

text: other

text: than

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: IE

text: may

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: Windows

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: applications

text: sales

text: in

text: another

text: way

text: through

text: lock

text: in

text: to

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: browser

question: What was bundled for free with the Windows OS?

answer: Internet Explorer

text: Internet Explorer

question: Internet Explorer was partially funded in what two ways?

answer: sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users

text: sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users

question: What other OS could use Internet Explorer?

answer: Mac

text: Mac

question: What program was bundled free with Java?

text: Internet Explorer

question: What helped to partly fund Java?

question: For what OS was Java formerly available for?

text: the Mac

question: Why was Java available for the Mac?

question: In what other way did Java contribute to Windows and Microsoft application sales?


text: Special units, such as KGr 100, became the Beleuchtergruppe (Firelighter Group), which used incendiaries and high explosive to mark the target area. The tactic was expanded into Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) with the creation of Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields) to mark targets. These were marked out by parachute flares. Then bombers carrying SC 1000 (1,000 kg (2,205 lb)), SC 1400 (1,400 kg (3,086 lb)), and SC 1800 (1,800 kg (3,968 lb)) "Satan" bombs were used to level streets and residential areas. By December, the SC 2500 (2,500 kg (5,512 lb)) "Max" bomb was used.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Special

text: units

text: such

text: as

text: KGr

text: became

text: the

text: Beleuchtergruppe

text: Firelighter

text: Group

text: which

text: used

text: incendiaries

text: and

text: high

text: explosive

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: target

text: area

text: The

text: tactic

text: was

text: expanded

text: into

text: Feuerleitung

text: Blaze

text: Control

text: with

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Brandbombenfelder

text: Incendiary

text: Fields

text: to

text: mark

text: targets

text: These

text: were

text: marked

text: out

text: by

text: parachute

text: flares

text: Then

text: bombers

text: carrying

text: SC

text: kg

text: lb

text: SC

text: kg

text: lb

text: and

text: SC

text: kg

text: lb

text: Satan

text: bombs

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: level

text: streets

text: and

text: residential

text: areas

text: By

text: December

text: the

text: SC

text: kg

text: lb

text: Max

text: bomb

text: was

text: used

question: What was the group that used incendiaries and high explosives to mark targets?

answer: Beleuchtergruppe

text: Beleuchtergruppe

question: The Feuerleitung (Blaze Control) tactic led to what creation for marking targets?

answer: Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields)

text: Brandbombenfelder (Incendiary Fields)

question: What was the nickname of bombs used in streets and residential areas?

answer: "Satan"

text: "Satan"

question: What was the weight of the "Max" bomb?

answer: 2,500 kg (5,512 lb)

text: 2,500 kg (5,512 lb)


text: While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, or vice versa, so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil (receptive part of the carpel). Homomorphic flowers may employ a biochemical (physiological) mechanism called self-incompatibility to discriminate between self and non-self pollen grains. In other species, the male and female parts are morphologically separated, developing on different flowers.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: While

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: flowers

text: are

text: perfect

text: or

text: hermaphrodite

text: having

text: both

text: pollen

text: and

text: ovule

text: producing

text: parts

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: flower

text: structure

text: flowering

text: plants

text: have

text: developed

text: numerous

text: morphological

text: and

text: physiological

text: mechanisms

text: to

text: reduce

text: or

text: prevent

text: self

text: fertilization

text: Heteromorphic

text: flowers

text: have

text: short

text: carpels

text: and

text: long

text: stamens

text: or

text: vice

text: versa

text: so

text: animal

text: pollinators

text: can

text: not

text: easily

text: transfer

text: pollen

text: to

text: the

text: pistil

text: receptive

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: carpel

text: Homomorphic

text: flowers

text: may

text: employ

text: a

text: biochemical

text: physiological

text: mechanism

text: called

text: self

text: incompatibility

text: to

text: discriminate

text: between

text: self

text: and

text: non

text: self

text: pollen

text: grains

text: In

text: other

text: species

text: the

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: parts

text: are

text: morphologically

text: separated

text: developing

text: on

text: different

text: flowers

question: What sexual feature do a majority of flowers demonstrate?

answer: hermaphrodite

text: hermaphrodite

question: Why did flowering plants develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms?

answer: reduce or prevent self-fertilization

text: reduce or prevent self-fertilization

question: Why are a heteromorphic flower's carpels and stamens different lengths?

answer: so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil

text: so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil

question: What type of mechanism might homomorphic flowers use to tell the difference between foreign and self pollen grains?

answer: biochemical

text: biochemical

question: How are some male and female parts separated for some species?

answer: different flowers

text: different flowers

question: What feature do a majority of biochemical mechanisms have?

text: hermaphrodite

question: What do hermaphrodite flowers use to discriminate between self and non-self pollination?

question: What happens to male and female parts of carpels that are hermaphrodites?

text: morphologically separated

question: Why did long stamens develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms?

text: to reduce or prevent self-fertilization

question: What do homomorphic flowers have to make it harder to be pollinated by animals?

text: short carpels and long stamens


text: In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. The ten most populous indigenous peoples are the Mapuche (113,680 people), the Kolla (70,505), the Toba (69,452), the Guaraní (68,454), the Wichi (40,036), the Diaguita-Calchaquí (31,753), the Mocoví (15,837), the Huarpe (14,633), the Comechingón (10,863) and the Tehuelche (10,590). Minor but important peoples are the Quechua (6,739), the Charrúa (4,511), the Pilagá (4,465), the Chané (4,376), and the Chorote (2,613). The Selknam (Ona) people are now virtually extinct in its pure form. The languages of the Diaguita, Tehuelche, and Selknam nations have become extinct or virtually extinct: the Cacán language (spoken by Diaguitas) in the 18th century and the Selknam language in the 20th century; one Tehuelche language (Southern Tehuelche) is still spoken by a handful of elderly people.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: In

text: Argentina

text: 's

text: indigenous

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: pueblos

text: originarios

text: numbered

text: about

text: of

text: total

text: population

text: this

text: figure

text: includes

text: people

text: who

text: self

text: identified

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: an

text: indigenous

text: ethnic

text: group

text: and

text: who

text: identified

text: themselves

text: as

text: first

text: generation

text: descendants

text: of

text: an

text: indigenous

text: people

text: The

text: ten

text: most

text: populous

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: are

text: the

text: Mapuche

text: people

text: the

text: Kolla

text: the

text: Toba

text: the

text: Guaraní

text: the

text: Wichi

text: the

text: Diaguita

text: Calchaquí

text: the

text: Mocoví

text: the

text: Huarpe

text: the

text: Comechingón

text: and

text: the

text: Tehuelche

text: Minor

text: but

text: important

text: peoples

text: are

text: the

text: Quechua

text: the

text: Charrúa

text: the

text: Pilagá

text: the

text: Chané

text: and

text: the

text: Chorote

text: The

text: Selknam

text: Ona

text: people

text: are

text: now

text: virtually

text: extinct

text: in

text: its

text: pure

text: form

text: The

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: Diaguita

text: Tehuelche

text: and

text: Selknam

text: nations

text: have

text: become

text: extinct

text: or

text: virtually

text: extinct

text: the

text: Cacán

text: language

text: spoken

text: by

text: Diaguitas

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: Selknam

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: one

text: Tehuelche

text: language

text: Southern

text: Tehuelche

text: is

text: still

text: spoken

text: by

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: elderly

text: people

question: What was the number of indigenous people in Argentina as of 2005?

answer: about 600,329

text: about 600,329

question: How many Mapuche were there in Argentina in 2005?

answer: 113,680

question: Who are the Quechua and Chorote?

answer: Minor but important peoples

text: Minor but important peoples

question: What indigenous population is now virtually extinct?

answer: The Selknam

text: The Selknam

question: Who still speaks Southern Tehuelche?

answer: a handful of elderly people

text: a handful of elderly people


text: Gratitude for all these resources and the determination to develop oneself would be more productive than criticism and blame because the resources are readily available and because, if you blame others, there is no need for you to do something different tomorrow or for you to change and improve. Where there is a will, there is a way. People in developed countries have the will and the way to do many things that they want to do. They sometimes need more determination and will to improve and to educate themselves with the resources that are abundantly available. They occasionally need more gratitude for the resources they have, including their teachers and their textbooks. The entire internet is also available to supplement these teachers and textbooks.

title: Education

title: Education

text: Gratitude

text: for

text: all

text: these

text: resources

text: and

text: the

text: determination

text: to

text: develop

text: oneself

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: productive

text: than

text: criticism

text: and

text: blame

text: because

text: the

text: resources

text: are

text: readily

text: available

text: and

text: because

text: if

text: you

text: blame

text: others

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: need

text: for

text: you

text: to

text: do

text: something

text: different

text: tomorrow

text: or

text: for

text: you

text: to

text: change

text: and

text: improve

text: Where

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: will

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: way

text: People

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: have

text: the

text: will

text: and

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: do

text: many

text: things

text: that

text: they

text: want

text: to

text: do

text: They

text: sometimes

text: need

text: more

text: determination

text: and

text: will

text: to

text: improve

text: and

text: to

text: educate

text: themselves

text: with

text: the

text: resources

text: that

text: are

text: abundantly

text: available

text: They

text: occasionally

text: need

text: more

text: gratitude

text: for

text: the

text: resources

text: they

text: have

text: including

text: their

text: teachers

text: and

text: their

text: textbooks

text: The

text: entire

text: internet

text: is

text: also

text: available

text: to

text: supplement

text: these

text: teachers

text: and

text: textbooks

question: What is one good trait about students from developed countries?

answer: have the will and the way to do many things

text: have the will and the way to do many things

question: What use of technology can greatly supplement how teachers teach in the classroom?

answer: internet

text: internet

question: What do students also need occasionally before putting blame on teachers?

answer: gratitude for the resources they have

text: gratitude for the resources they have

question: What is one good trait about students from undeveloped countries?

question: What use of technology does not supplement how teachers teach in the classroom?

text: internet

question: What do students also need occasionally after putting blame on teachers?

text: gratitude for the resources

question: The internet cannot supplement what resources in school?

text: teachers and textbooks


text: On April 25, 1976, at Dodger Stadium, father-and-son protestors ran into the outfield and tried to set fire to a U.S. flag. When Cubs outfielder Rick Monday noticed the flag on the ground and the man and boy fumbling with matches and lighter fluid, he dashed over and snatched the flag to thunderous applause. When he came up to bat in the next half-inning, he got a standing ovation from the crowd and the stadium titantron flashed the message, "RICK MONDAY... YOU MADE A GREAT PLAY..." Monday later said, "If you're going to burn the flag, don't do it around me. I've been to too many veterans' hospitals and seen too many broken bodies of guys who tried to protect it."

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: On

text: April

text: at

text: Dodger

text: Stadium

text: father

text: and

text: son

text: protestors

text: ran

text: into

text: the

text: outfield

text: and

text: tried

text: to

text: set

text: fire

text: to

text: a

text: U.S.

text: flag

text: When

text: Cubs

text: outfielder

text: Rick

text: Monday

text: noticed

text: the

text: flag

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: the

text: man

text: and

text: boy

text: fumbling

text: with

text: matches

text: and

text: lighter

text: fluid

text: he

text: dashed

text: over

text: and

text: snatched

text: the

text: flag

text: to

text: thunderous

text: applause

text: When

text: he

text: came

text: up

text: to

text: bat

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: half

text: inning

text: he

text: got

text: a

text: standing

text: ovation

text: from

text: the

text: crowd

text: and

text: the

text: stadium

text: titantron

text: flashed

text: the

text: message

text: RICK

text: MONDAY

text: YOU

text: MADE

text: A

text: GREAT

text: PLAY

text: Monday

text: later

text: said

text: If

text: you

text: 're

text: going

text: to

text: burn

text: the

text: flag

text: do

text: n't

text: do

text: it

text: around

text: me

text: I

text: 've

text: been

text: to

text: too

text: many

text: veterans

text: hospitals

text: and

text: seen

text: too

text: many

text: broken

text: bodies

text: of

text: guys

text: who

text: tried

text: to

text: protect

text: it

question: When did protesters run into the outfield and try to set fire to the U.S. flag?

answer: April 25, 1976

text: April 25, 1976

question: What stadium did protesters try to burn the U.S.  flag?

answer: Dodger Stadium

text: Dodger Stadium

question: Who grabbed the flag before protesters could light it on fire?

answer: Rick Monday

text: Rick Monday


text: Today, this term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches of which Calvin was an early leader. Less commonly, it can refer to the individual teaching of Calvin himself. The particulars of Calvinist theology may be stated in a number of ways. Perhaps the best known summary is contained in the five points of Calvinism, though these points identify the Calvinist view on soteriology rather than summarizing the system as a whole. Broadly speaking, Calvinism stresses the sovereignty or rule of God in all things — in salvation but also in all of life. This concept is seen clearly in the doctrines of predestination and total depravity.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Today

text: this

text: term

text: also

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: doctrines

text: and

text: practices

text: of

text: the

text: Reformed

text: churches

text: of

text: which

text: Calvin

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: leader

text: Less

text: commonly

text: it

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: individual

text: teaching

text: of

text: Calvin

text: himself

text: The

text: particulars

text: of

text: Calvinist

text: theology

text: may

text: be

text: stated

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: ways

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: summary

text: is

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: five

text: points

text: of

text: Calvinism

text: though

text: these

text: points

text: identify

text: the

text: Calvinist

text: view

text: on

text: soteriology

text: rather

text: than

text: summarizing

text: the

text: system

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: Broadly

text: speaking

text: Calvinism

text: stresses

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: or

text: rule

text: of

text: God

text: in

text: all

text: things

text: in

text: salvation

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: life

text: This

text: concept

text: is

text: seen

text: clearly

text: in

text: the

text: doctrines

text: of

text: predestination

text: and

text: total

text: depravity

question: What is the most well-known summary of Calvin's teachings?

answer: the five points of Calvinism

text: the five points of Calvinism

question: What area does the five points of Calvinism focus on?

answer: the Calvinist view on soteriology

text: the Calvinist view on soteriology

question: What is a brief description of Calvinism?

answer: the sovereignty or rule of God in all things

text: the sovereignty or rule of God in all things

question: What Calvinism doctrines are examples of the concept of the sovereignty of God?

answer: predestination and total depravity

text: predestination and total depravity

question: Who was an early leader in the Reformed churches?

answer: Calvin

text: Calvin


text: Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action. These social shifts may accompany ideological shifts and other types of cultural change. For example, the U.S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures. Environmental conditions may also enter as factors. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: Social

text: conflict

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: technologies

text: can

text: produce

text: changes

text: within

text: a

text: society

text: by

text: altering

text: social

text: dynamics

text: and

text: promoting

text: new

text: cultural

text: models

text: and

text: spurring

text: or

text: enabling

text: generative

text: action

text: These

text: social

text: shifts

text: may

text: accompany

text: ideological

text: shifts

text: and

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: cultural

text: change

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: U.S.

text: feminist

text: movement

text: involved

text: new

text: practices

text: that

text: produced

text: a

text: shift

text: in

text: gender

text: relations

text: altering

text: both

text: gender

text: and

text: economic

text: structures

text: Environmental

text: conditions

text: may

text: also

text: enter

text: as

text: factors

text: For

text: example

text: after

text: tropical

text: forests

text: returned

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: ice

text: age

text: plants

text: suitable

text: for

text: domestication

text: were

text: available

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: agriculture

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: brought

text: about

text: many

text: cultural

text: innovations

text: and

text: shifts

text: in

text: social

text: dynamics

question: What changes do Social conflicts along with developing of technologies have on culture?

answer: social dynamics and promoting new cultural models

text: social dynamics and promoting new cultural models

question: What is this cultural movement called that involves a shift in gender relations mainly involving women?

answer: U.S. feminist movement

text: U.S. feminist movement

question: Which time period was used in the example of shifts in social dynamics?

answer: ice age

text: ice age

question: What never changes due to social conflicts along with developing of technologies?

question: Which time period was used in the example of shifts in physical dynamics?

text: ice age

question: What is this cultural movement called that involves a shift in gender relations mainly excluding women?

text: U.S. feminist movement

question: What structures were not changed due to the U.S. feminist movement?

text: economic

question: What conditions are never a factor?

text: Environmental


text: It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law.

title: Canon_law

title: Canon_law

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: fully

text: developed

text: legal

text: system

text: with

text: all

text: the

text: necessary

text: elements

text: courts

text: lawyers

text: judges

text: a

text: fully

text: articulated

text: legal

text: code

text: principles

text: of

text: legal

text: interpretation

text: and

text: coercive

text: penalties

text: though

text: it

text: lacks

text: civilly

text: binding

text: force

text: in

text: most

text: secular

text: jurisdictions

text: The

text: academic

text: degrees

text: in

text: canon

text: law

text: are

text: the

text: J.C.B.

text: Juris

text: Canonici

text: Baccalaureatus

text: Bachelor

text: of

text: Canon

text: Law

text: normally

text: taken

text: as

text: a

text: graduate

text: degree

text: J.C.L.

text: Juris

text: Canonici

text: Licentiatus

text: Licentiate

text: of

text: Canon

text: Law

text: and

text: the

text: J.C.D.

text: Juris

text: Canonici

text: Doctor

text: Doctor

text: of

text: Canon

text: Law

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: specialized

text: nature

text: advanced

text: degrees

text: in

text: civil

text: law

text: or

text: theology

text: are

text: normal

text: prerequisites

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: canon

text: law

question: What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?

answer: lawyers, judges

text: lawyers, judges

question: What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law?

answer: civilly-binding force

text: civilly-binding force

question: What does J.C.B. stand for?

answer: Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus

text: Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus

question: What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?

answer: Bachelor of Canon Law

text: Bachelor of Canon Law

question: What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?

answer: Juris Canonici Licentiatus

text: Juris Canonici Licentiatus

question: What is not fully developed in the Catholic Church?

text: legal system

question: What kind of binding forces does the Catholic Church have that are not in most secular jurisdictions?

text: civilly-binding

question: What is one of the non-academic degrees in Canon law?

question: What are usually not pre-request for studying canon law?

text: degrees in civil law or theology


text: The concept of matter has changed in response to new scientific discoveries. Thus materialism has no definite content independent of the particular theory of matter on which it is based. According to Noam Chomsky, any property can be considered material, if one defines matter such that it has that property.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: matter

text: has

text: changed

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: new

text: scientific

text: discoveries

text: Thus

text: materialism

text: has

text: no

text: definite

text: content

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: particular

text: theory

text: of

text: matter

text: on

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: based

text: According

text: to

text: Noam

text: Chomsky

text: any

text: property

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: material

text: if

text: one

text: defines

text: matter

text: such

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: that

text: property

question: The concept of matter has not changed for what reason?

text: new scientific discoveries

question: Who believes that property can be considered non-material?

text: Noam Chomsky

question: Who believes that property can be considered material if one defines it does not have property?

text: Noam Chomsky

question: What has definite content independent of the particular theory of matter?

text: materialism


text: The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth. Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) produced the first systematic star catalog. The level of achievement in Hellenistic astronomy and engineering is impressively shown by the Antikythera mechanism (150-100 BC), an analog computer for calculating the position of planets. Technological artifacts of similar complexity did not reappear until the 14th century, when mechanical astronomical clocks appeared in Europe.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: The

text: astronomer

text: Aristarchus

text: of

text: Samos

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: known

text: person

text: to

text: propose

text: a

text: heliocentric

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: while

text: the

text: geographer

text: Eratosthenes

text: accurately

text: calculated

text: the

text: circumference

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: Hipparchus

text: c.

text: c.

text: BC

text: produced

text: the

text: first

text: systematic

text: star

text: catalog

text: The

text: level

text: of

text: achievement

text: in

text: Hellenistic

text: astronomy

text: and

text: engineering

text: is

text: impressively

text: shown

text: by

text: the

text: Antikythera

text: mechanism

text: BC

text: an

text: analog

text: computer

text: for

text: calculating

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: planets

text: Technological

text: artifacts

text: of

text: similar

text: complexity

text: did

text: not

text: reappear

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: mechanical

text: astronomical

text: clocks

text: appeared

text: in

text: Europe

question: Who created the sun-centered model of the solar system?

answer: Aristarchus of Samos

text: Aristarchus of Samos

question: Who was able to determine the circumference of the Earth?

answer: Eratosthenes

text: Eratosthenes

question: Who made the first catalog of stars?

answer: Hipparchus

text: Hipparchus

question: What was used to determine the position of planets within the solar system?

answer: the Antikythera mechanism

text: the Antikythera mechanism

question: When was the Antikythera mechanism used?

answer: 150-100 BC

text: 150-100 BC


text: Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclaim. Of these modern writers, Nuruddin Farah is probably the most celebrated. Books such as From a Crooked Rib and Links are considered important literary achievements, works which have earned Farah, among other accolades, the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Farah Mohamed Jama Awl is another prominent Somali writer who is perhaps best known for his Dervish era novel, Ignorance is the enemy of love. Young upstart Nadifa Mohamed was also awarded the 2010 Betty Trask Prize. Additionally, Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' is considered by many to be the greatest living Somali poet, and several of his works have been translated internationally.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: scholars

text: have

text: for

text: centuries

text: produced

text: many

text: notable

text: examples

text: of

text: Islamic

text: literature

text: ranging

text: from

text: poetry

text: to

text: Hadith

text: With

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: in

text: to

text: transcribe

text: the

text: Somali

text: language

text: numerous

text: contemporary

text: Somali

text: authors

text: have

text: also

text: released

text: novels

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: gone

text: on

text: to

text: receive

text: worldwide

text: acclaim

text: Of

text: these

text: modern

text: writers

text: Nuruddin

text: Farah

text: is

text: probably

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: Books

text: such

text: as

text: From

text: a

text: Crooked

text: Rib

text: and

text: Links

text: are

text: considered

text: important

text: literary

text: achievements

text: works

text: which

text: have

text: earned

text: Farah

text: among

text: other

text: accolades

text: the

text: Neustadt

text: International

text: Prize

text: for

text: Literature

text: Farah

text: Mohamed

text: Jama

text: Awl

text: is

text: another

text: prominent

text: Somali

text: writer

text: who

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: Dervish

text: era

text: novel

text: Ignorance

text: is

text: the

text: enemy

text: of

text: love

text: Young

text: upstart

text: Nadifa

text: Mohamed

text: was

text: also

text: awarded

text: the

text: Betty

text: Trask

text: Prize

text: Additionally

text: Mohamed

text: Ibrahim

text: Warsame

text: Hadrawi

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: greatest

text: living

text: Somali

text: poet

text: and

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: have

text: been

text: translated

text: internationally

question: When did Somalis begin to render their language using the Latin alphabet?

answer: 1972

question: Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer?

answer: Nuruddin Farah

text: Nuruddin Farah

question: In what year did Nuruddin Farah win the Neustadt International Prize for Literature?

answer: 1998

question: Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love?

answer: Farah Mohamed Jama Awl

text: Farah Mohamed Jama Awl

question: Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize?

answer: Nadifa Mohamed

text: Nadifa Mohamed


text: Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa. In 2013, Egypt was the largest consumer of oil and natural gas in Africa, as more than 20% of total oil consumption and more than 40% of total dry natural gas consumption in Africa. Also, Egypt possesses the largest oil refinery capacity in Africa 726,000 bbl/d (in 2012). Egypt is currently planning to build its first nuclear power plant in El Dabaa city, northern Egypt.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: was

text: producing

text: bbl

text: d

text: of

text: oil

text: and

text: Tcf

text: of

text: natural

text: gas

text: in

text: which

text: makes

text: Egypt

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: oil

text: producer

text: not

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Organization

text: of

text: the

text: Petroleum

text: Exporting

text: Countries

text: OPEC

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: dry

text: natural

text: gas

text: producer

text: in

text: Africa

text: In

text: Egypt

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: consumer

text: of

text: oil

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: in

text: Africa

text: as

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: total

text: oil

text: consumption

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: total

text: dry

text: natural

text: gas

text: consumption

text: in

text: Africa

text: Also

text: Egypt

text: possesses

text: the

text: largest

text: oil

text: refinery

text: capacity

text: in

text: Africa

text: bbl

text: d

text: in

text: Egypt

text: is

text: currently

text: planning

text: to

text: build

text: its

text: first

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plant

text: in

text: El

text: Dabaa

text: city

text: northern

text: Egypt

question: How much oil is Egypt producing in a day?

answer: 691,000 bbl/d

text: 691,000 bbl/d

question: How much natural gas is Egypt producing in a day?

answer: 2,141.05 Tcf

text: 2,141.05 Tcf

question: Where does Egypt rank among oil and natural gas sonsumers in Africa?

answer: largest consumer

text: largest consumer

question: Where is Egypt planning to build is first nuclear power plant?

answer: El Dabaa city

text: El Dabaa city


text: During a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share, and when the supply of creditworthy borrowers was limited, mortgage lenders relaxed underwriting standards and originated riskier mortgages to less creditworthy borrowers. In the view of some analysts, the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high underwriting standards prior to 2003. However, as market power shifted from securitizers to originators and as intense competition from private securitizers undermined GSE power, mortgage standards declined and risky loans proliferated. The worst loans were originated in 2004–2007, the years of the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for the GSEs.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: During

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: tough

text: competition

text: between

text: mortgage

text: lenders

text: for

text: revenue

text: and

text: market

text: share

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: creditworthy

text: borrowers

text: was

text: limited

text: mortgage

text: lenders

text: relaxed

text: underwriting

text: standards

text: and

text: originated

text: riskier

text: mortgages

text: to

text: less

text: creditworthy

text: borrowers

text: In

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: some

text: analysts

text: the

text: relatively

text: conservative

text: government

text: sponsored

text: enterprises

text: GSEs

text: policed

text: mortgage

text: originators

text: and

text: maintained

text: relatively

text: high

text: underwriting

text: standards

text: prior

text: to

text: However

text: as

text: market

text: power

text: shifted

text: from

text: securitizers

text: to

text: originators

text: and

text: as

text: intense

text: competition

text: from

text: private

text: securitizers

text: undermined

text: GSE

text: power

text: mortgage

text: standards

text: declined

text: and

text: risky

text: loans

text: proliferated

text: The

text: worst

text: loans

text: were

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: intense

text: competition

text: between

text: securitizers

text: and

text: the

text: lowest

text: market

text: share

text: for

text: the

text: GSEs

question: What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages?

answer: tough competition

text: tough competition

question: In what year were high underwriting standards relaxed?

answer: 2003

question: What years were the worst mortgage loans originated?

answer: 2004–2007

question: What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?

answer: 2004–2007

question: Who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003?

answer: government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)

text: government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)