text: Despite Laemmle's role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew, Laemmle chose not to develop a theater chain. He also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. This policy nearly bankrupted the studio when actor-director Erich von Stroheim insisted on excessively lavish production values for his films Blind Husbands (1919) and Foolish Wives (1922), but Universal shrewdly gained a return on some of the expenditure by launching a sensational ad campaign that attracted moviegoers. Character actor Lon Chaney became a drawing card for Universal in the 1920s, appearing steadily in dramas. His two biggest hits for Universal were The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). During this period Laemmle entrusted most of the production policy decisions to Irving Thalberg. Thalberg had been Laemmle's personal secretary, and Laemmle was impressed by his cogent observations of how efficiently the studio could be operated. Promoted to studio chief, Thalberg was giving Universal's product a touch of class, but MGM's head of production Louis B. Mayer lured Thalberg away from Universal with a promise of better pay. Without his guidance Universal became a second-tier studio, and would remain so for several decades.

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Despite

text: Laemmle

text: 's

text: role

text: as

text: an

text: innovator

text: he

text: was

text: an

text: extremely

text: cautious

text: studio

text: chief

text: Unlike

text: rivals

text: Adolph

text: Zukor

text: William

text: Fox

text: and

text: Marcus

text: Loew

text: Laemmle

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: theater

text: chain

text: He

text: also

text: financed

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: films

text: refusing

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: debt

text: This

text: policy

text: nearly

text: bankrupted

text: the

text: studio

text: when

text: actor

text: director

text: Erich

text: von

text: Stroheim

text: insisted

text: on

text: excessively

text: lavish

text: production

text: values

text: for

text: his

text: films

text: Blind

text: Husbands

text: and

text: Foolish

text: Wives

text: but

text: Universal

text: shrewdly

text: gained

text: a

text: return

text: on

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: expenditure

text: by

text: launching

text: a

text: sensational

text: ad

text: campaign

text: that

text: attracted

text: moviegoers

text: Character

text: actor

text: Lon

text: Chaney

text: became

text: a

text: drawing

text: card

text: for

text: Universal

text: in

text: the

text: appearing

text: steadily

text: in

text: dramas

text: His

text: two

text: biggest

text: hits

text: for

text: Universal

text: were

text: The

text: Hunchback

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: and

text: The

text: Phantom

text: of

text: the

text: Opera

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: Laemmle

text: entrusted

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: production

text: policy

text: decisions

text: to

text: Irving

text: Thalberg

text: Thalberg

text: had

text: been

text: Laemmle

text: 's

text: personal

text: secretary

text: and

text: Laemmle

text: was

text: impressed

text: by

text: his

text: cogent

text: observations

text: of

text: how

text: efficiently

text: the

text: studio

text: could

text: be

text: operated

text: Promoted

text: to

text: studio

text: chief

text: Thalberg

text: was

text: giving

text: Universal

text: 's

text: product

text: a

text: touch

text: of

text: class

text: but

text: MGM

text: 's

text: head

text: of

text: production

text: Louis

text: B.

text: Mayer

text: lured

text: Thalberg

text: away

text: from

text: Universal

text: with

text: a

text: promise

text: of

text: better

text: pay

text: Without

text: his

text: guidance

text: Universal

text: became

text: a

text: second

text: tier

text: studio

text: and

text: would

text: remain

text: so

text: for

text: several

text: decades

question: Who directed Blind Husbands?

answer: Erich von Stroheim

text: Erich von Stroheim

question: In what year was Foolish Wives produced?

answer: 1922

question: Who starred in The Phantom of the Opera?

answer: Lon Chaney

text: Lon Chaney

question: What year saw a film version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame?

answer: 1923

question: Who was at one time Laemmle's personal secretary?

answer: Irving Thalberg

text: Irving Thalberg

question: Who else decided not to develop a theater chain with Laemmle?

question: What year did Foolish Husbands come out?

question: What year did Blind Wives come out?

question: Who starred in the 1925 film The Hunchback of Notre Dame?

text: Lon Chaney

question: Who starred in the 1923 film The Phantom of the Opera?

text: Lon Chaney


text: As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: As

text: the

text: initial

text: punk

text: movement

text: dwindled

text: vibrant

text: new

text: scenes

text: began

text: to

text: coalesce

text: out

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: bands

text: pursuing

text: experimental

text: sounds

text: and

text: wider

text: conceptual

text: territory

text: in

text: their

text: work

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: artists

text: drew

text: on

text: backgrounds

text: in

text: art

text: and

text: viewed

text: their

text: music

text: as

text: invested

text: in

text: particular

text: political

text: or

text: aesthetic

text: agendas

text: British

text: music

text: publications

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: NME

text: and

text: Sounds

text: developed

text: an

text: influential

text: part

text: in

text: this

text: nascent

text: post

text: punk

text: culture

text: with

text: writers

text: like

text: Jon

text: Savage

text: Paul

text: Morley

text: and

text: Ian

text: Penman

text: developing

text: a

text: dense

text: and

text: often

text: playful

text: style

text: of

text: criticism

text: that

text: drew

text: on

text: critical

text: theory

text: radical

text: politics

text: and

text: an

text: eclectic

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: sources

question: When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise?

answer: vibrant new scenes

text: vibrant new scenes

question: What territory did the post-punk bands pursue in their works?

answer: wider conceptual

text: wider conceptual

question: What nationality's music magazines had an influential part of post-punk culture?

answer: British

text: British

question: What professional is Ian Penman known from?

answer: writers

text: writers

question: What kind of background did many of the initial post-punk artists have?

answer: art

text: art

question: Who were well known authors covering the post-punk era?

answer: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman

text: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman

question: What were popular post-punk culture media sources?

answer: NME and Sounds

text: NME and Sounds

question: What were the bands coming in on the heels of post-punk beginning to sound like?

answer: experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory

text: experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory

question: What was a common background of post-punk musicians?

answer: backgrounds in art

text: backgrounds in art

question: What was a common theme to post-punk music?

answer: political or aesthetic agendas

text: political or aesthetic agendas

question: What happened as the pot-punk movement dwindled?

question: What did American music magazines have an influence on? See later

text: post-punk culture

question: What fueled the many postpunk artists go into?

text: art

question: What American writers developed a dense style of criticism?

text: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman

question: What caused the punk movement to increase in popularity?

text: vibrant new scenes

question: What career did Paul Morley avoid?

text: writers

question: What nationality's music magazines did not have an influential part of post-punk culture?

text: British

question: What styles of criticism were not used by writers?


text: In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software" was worth US$63.4 billion in 2011, with the highest commercial value of pirated PC software existent in the U.S. during that time period (US$9,773,000). According to the 2011 study, Zimbabwe was the nation with the highest piracy rate, at 92%, while the lowest piracy rate was present in the U.S., at 19%.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: its

text: report

text: conducted

text: in

text: partnership

text: with

text: IDC

text: and

text: Ipsos

text: Public

text: Affairs

text: the

text: BSA

text: stated

text: Over

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: personal

text: computer

text: users

text: percent

text: admit

text: to

text: pirating

text: software

text: The

text: ninth

text: annual

text: BSA

text: Global

text: Software

text: Piracy

text: Study

text: claims

text: that

text: the

text: commercial

text: value

text: of

text: this

text: shadow

text: market

text: of

text: pirated

text: software

text: was

text: worth

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: commercial

text: value

text: of

text: pirated

text: PC

text: software

text: existent

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: during

text: that

text: time

text: period

text: US$

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: Zimbabwe

text: was

text: the

text: nation

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: piracy

text: rate

text: at

text: while

text: the

text: lowest

text: piracy

text: rate

text: was

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: at

question: Who else did the BSA issues a report in 2011 with?

answer: IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs

text: IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs

question: What percentage of people admit to pirating software?

answer: 57 percent

text: 57 percent

question: What was the commercial value of pirated software in 2011?

answer: US$63.4 billion

text: US$63.4 billion

question: What nation had the higest piracy rate?

answer: Zimbabwe

text: Zimbabwe

question: What was the U.S.'s piracy rate?

answer: 19%

question: Who else did the BSA issues a report in 2001 with?

text: IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs

question: What percentage of people admit to pirating hardware?

text: 57 percent

question: What was the commercial value of pirated hardware in 2011?

text: US$63.4 billion

question: What nation had the lowest nonpiracy rate?

text: Zimbabwe

question: What was the U.N.'s piracy rate?


text: In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new president's main objective was to develop Barcelona into a world-class club by giving it stability both on and off the pitch. His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Núñez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as Maradona, Romário and Ronaldo rather than meeting their demands.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: In

text: Josep

text: Lluís

text: Núñez

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: elected

text: president

text: of

text: FC

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: since

text: then

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: have

text: elected

text: the

text: club

text: president

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: electing

text: a

text: president

text: of

text: FC

text: Barcelona

text: was

text: closely

text: tied

text: to

text: Spain

text: 's

text: transition

text: to

text: democracy

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Franco

text: 's

text: dictatorship

text: The

text: new

text: president

text: 's

text: main

text: objective

text: was

text: to

text: develop

text: Barcelona

text: into

text: a

text: world

text: class

text: club

text: by

text: giving

text: it

text: stability

text: both

text: on

text: and

text: off

text: the

text: pitch

text: His

text: presidency

text: was

text: to

text: last

text: for

text: years

text: and

text: it

text: deeply

text: affected

text: the

text: image

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: as

text: Núñez

text: held

text: to

text: a

text: strict

text: policy

text: regarding

text: wages

text: and

text: discipline

text: letting

text: go

text: of

text: such

text: players

text: as

text: Maradona

text: Romário

text: and

text: Ronaldo

text: rather

text: than

text: meeting

text: their

text: demands

question: Who was the first elected president of the Barcelona club?

answer: Josep Lluís Núñez

text: Josep Lluís Núñez

question: When was Nunez elected as president of FC Barcelona?

answer: 1978

question: What group elects the club president?

answer: members of Barcelona

text: members of Barcelona

question: How long was Nunez president of Barcelona?

answer: 22 years

text: 22 years

question: What was Nunez known to be strict about?

answer: wages and discipline

text: wages and discipline


text: New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites, many of which are internationally known. Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, in an area sometimes called Upper Carnegie Hill. The Mile, which contains one of the densest displays of culture in the world, is actually three blocks longer than one mile (1.6 km). Ten museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue. The tenth museum, the Museum for African Art, joined the ensemble in 2009, however its Museum at 110th Street, the first new museum constructed on the Mile since the Guggenheim in 1959, opened in late 2012. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival, held each year in June, to promote the museums and increase visitation. Many of the world's most lucrative art auctions are held in New York City.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: hundreds

text: of

text: cultural

text: institutions

text: and

text: historic

text: sites

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: internationally

text: known

text: Museum

text: Mile

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: for

text: a

text: section

text: of

text: Fifth

text: Avenue

text: running

text: from

text: to

text: streets

text: on

text: the

text: Upper

text: East

text: Side

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Upper

text: Carnegie

text: Hill

text: The

text: Mile

text: which

text: contains

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: densest

text: displays

text: of

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: actually

text: three

text: blocks

text: longer

text: than

text: one

text: mile

text: km

text: Ten

text: museums

text: occupy

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: this

text: section

text: of

text: Fifth

text: Avenue

text: The

text: tenth

text: museum

text: the

text: Museum

text: for

text: African

text: Art

text: joined

text: the

text: ensemble

text: in

text: however

text: its

text: Museum

text: at

text: Street

text: the

text: first

text: new

text: museum

text: constructed

text: on

text: the

text: Mile

text: since

text: the

text: Guggenheim

text: in

text: opened

text: in

text: late

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: other

text: programming

text: the

text: museums

text: collaborate

text: for

text: the

text: annual

text: Museum

text: Mile

text: Festival

text: held

text: each

text: year

text: in

text: June

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: museums

text: and

text: increase

text: visitation

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: lucrative

text: art

text: auctions

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

question: What New York thoroughfare is Museum Mile located on?

answer: Fifth Avenue

text: Fifth Avenue

question: In what borough is Museum Mile located?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: When was the Guggenheim built?

answer: 1959

question: In what year was the grand opening of the Museum for African Art on 110th Street?

answer: 2012

question: In what part of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located?

answer: Upper East Side

text: Upper East Side


text: The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: The

text: latter

text: in

text: effect

text: allows

text: the

text: government

text: to

text: appeal

text: the

text: opposition

text: of

text: parliament

text: to

text: the

text: electorate

text: However

text: in

text: many

text: jurisdictions

text: a

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: may

text: refuse

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: dissolution

text: requiring

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: and

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: government

text: In

text: most

text: modern

text: parliamentary

text: systems

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: decides

text: when

text: to

text: request

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: dissolution

question: Who can put a stop the parliamentary attempts at dissovling itself in some areas?

answer: head of state

text: head of state

question: If the head of state prevents the dissolution of parliament, what needs to happen?

answer: resignation of the prime minister and his or her government

text: resignation of the prime minister and his or her government

question: In contemporary parliamentary governments, which official is usually in charge of asking parliament to dissolve?

answer: prime minister

text: prime minister

question: who has the power to disolve parliment?

text: head of state

question: Who can the prime minister damand a resignation from?

text: head of state

question: what kind of dissalution can parliment request?

text: parliamentary dissolution


text: Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selection for a reduction of brain size in some species, such as bats. Most of the brain's energy consumption goes into sustaining the electric charge (membrane potential) of neurons. Most vertebrate species devote between 2% and 8% of basal metabolism to the brain. In primates, however, the percentage is much higher—in humans it rises to 20–25%. The energy consumption of the brain does not vary greatly over time, but active regions of the cerebral cortex consume somewhat more energy than inactive regions; this forms the basis for the functional brain imaging methods PET, fMRI, and NIRS. The brain typically gets most of its energy from oxygen-dependent metabolism of glucose (i.e., blood sugar), but ketones provide a major alternative source, together with contributions from medium chain fatty acids (caprylic and heptanoic acids), lactate, acetate, and possibly amino acids.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Brain

text: tissue

text: consumes

text: a

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: energy

text: in

text: proportion

text: to

text: its

text: volume

text: so

text: large

text: brains

text: place

text: severe

text: metabolic

text: demands

text: on

text: animals

text: The

text: need

text: to

text: limit

text: body

text: weight

text: in

text: order

text: for

text: example

text: to

text: fly

text: has

text: apparently

text: led

text: to

text: selection

text: for

text: a

text: reduction

text: of

text: brain

text: size

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: bats

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: 's

text: energy

text: consumption

text: goes

text: into

text: sustaining

text: the

text: electric

text: charge

text: membrane

text: potential

text: of

text: neurons

text: Most

text: vertebrate

text: species

text: devote

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: basal

text: metabolism

text: to

text: the

text: brain

text: In

text: primates

text: however

text: the

text: percentage

text: is

text: much

text: higher

text: in

text: humans

text: it

text: rises

text: to

text: The

text: energy

text: consumption

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: does

text: not

text: vary

text: greatly

text: over

text: time

text: but

text: active

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: consume

text: somewhat

text: more

text: energy

text: than

text: inactive

text: regions

text: this

text: forms

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: functional

text: brain

text: imaging

text: methods

text: PET

text: fMRI

text: and

text: NIRS

text: The

text: brain

text: typically

text: gets

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: energy

text: from

text: oxygen

text: dependent

text: metabolism

text: of

text: glucose

text: i.e.

text: blood

text: sugar

text: but

text: ketones

text: provide

text: a

text: major

text: alternative

text: source

text: together

text: with

text: contributions

text: from

text: medium

text: chain

text: fatty

text: acids

text: caprylic

text: and

text: heptanoic

text: acids

text: lactate

text: acetate

text: and

text: possibly

text: amino

text: acids

question: Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body?

answer: glucose (i.e., blood sugar

text: glucose (i.e., blood sugar

question: The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage?

answer: 20–25%

question: Other sources than glucose that provide energy to the brain are what?

answer: ketones

text: ketones

question: Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain?

answer: 2% and 8%

text: 2% and 8%


text: Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging from 52.1% to 64.5% in the Service Sector and 56.1% to 61.5% in the agriculture sector. It is also major manpower contributor because it has largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan. It is also dominant in the manufacturing sector, though the dominance is not as huge, with historical contributions raging from a low of 44% to a high of 52.6%. In 2007, Punjab achieved a growth rate of 7.8% and during the period 2002–03 to 2007–08, its economy grew at a rate of between 7% to 8% per year. and during 2008–09 grew at 6% against the total GDP growth of Pakistan at 4%.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Punjab

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: economy

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: contributing

text: most

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: GDP

text: The

text: province

text: 's

text: economy

text: has

text: quadrupled

text: since

text: Its

text: share

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: GDP

text: was

text: in

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: especially

text: dominant

text: in

text: the

text: service

text: and

text: agriculture

text: sectors

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: economy

text: With

text: its

text: contribution

text: ranging

text: from

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: Service

text: Sector

text: and

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: agriculture

text: sector

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: major

text: manpower

text: contributor

text: because

text: it

text: has

text: largest

text: pool

text: of

text: professionals

text: and

text: highly

text: skilled

text: technically

text: trained

text: manpower

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: dominant

text: in

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: sector

text: though

text: the

text: dominance

text: is

text: not

text: as

text: huge

text: with

text: historical

text: contributions

text: raging

text: from

text: a

text: low

text: of

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: of

text: In

text: Punjab

text: achieved

text: a

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: to

text: its

text: economy

text: grew

text: at

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: between

text: to

text: per

text: year

text: and

text: during

text: grew

text: at

text: against

text: the

text: total

text: GDP

text: growth

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: at

question: How much has Punjab's economy grown since 1972?

answer: quadrupled

text: quadrupled

question: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000?

answer: 54.7%

question: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2010?

answer: 59%

question: What manpower does Punjab provide?

answer: largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan

text: largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan

question: How much did Punjab's economy grow in 2008-09?

answer: 6%

question: How has Pakistan's economy changed since 1972?

text: quadrupled

question: What percentage of Pakistan's economy is agriculture?

text: 56.1% to 61.5%

question: What has the smallest economy in Pakistan?

text: Punjab

question: What percentage of the manufacturing sector did Punjab account for in 2007?

question: What was the total GDP growth of Pakistan in 2002-03?


text: The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, controls the military intelligence and security operations, and has sole power to declare war or peace. The heads of the judiciary, state radio and television networks, the commanders of the police and military forces and six of the twelve members of the Guardian Council are appointed by the Supreme Leader. The Assembly of Experts elects and dismisses the Supreme Leader on the basis of qualifications and popular esteem.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: political

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Constitution

text: and

text: comprises

text: several

text: intricately

text: connected

text: governing

text: bodies

text: The

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

text: Supreme

text: Leader

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: delineation

text: and

text: supervision

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Leader

text: is

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: controls

text: the

text: military

text: intelligence

text: and

text: security

text: operations

text: and

text: has

text: sole

text: power

text: to

text: declare

text: war

text: or

text: peace

text: The

text: heads

text: of

text: the

text: judiciary

text: state

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: networks

text: the

text: commanders

text: of

text: the

text: police

text: and

text: military

text: forces

text: and

text: six

text: of

text: the

text: twelve

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Guardian

text: Council

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Leader

text: The

text: Assembly

text: of

text: Experts

text: elects

text: and

text: dismisses

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Leader

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: qualifications

text: and

text: popular

text: esteem

question: The Iranina Islamic Republic is based on what document?

answer: the 1979 Constitution

text: the 1979 Constitution

question: What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as?

answer: Supreme Leader

text: Supreme Leader

question: Who is the Commander in Chief of the Iranian Army?

answer: The Supreme Leader

text: The Supreme Leader

question: The Supreme Leader appoints how many members of the Guardian Council?

answer: six

text: six

question: Who is responsible for electing and dismissing the Supreme Leader?

answer: The Assembly of Experts

text: The Assembly of Experts


text: It should be noted that Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (Hiiumaa > Хийума(а) > Khiuma).

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: that

text: Estonian

text: words

text: and

text: names

text: quoted

text: in

text: international

text: publications

text: from

text: Soviet

text: sources

text: are

text: often

text: back

text: transliterations

text: from

text: the

text: Russian

text: transliteration

text: Examples

text: are

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: ya

text: for

text: ä

text: e.g.

text: Pyarnu

text: instead

text: of

text: Pärnu

text: y

text: instead

text: of

text: õ

text: e.g.

text: Pylva

text: instead

text: of

text: Põlva

text: and

text: yu

text: instead

text: of

text: ü

text: e.g.

text: Pyussi

text: instead

text: of

text: Püssi

text: Even

text: in

text: the

text: Encyclopædia

text: Britannica

text: one

text: can

text: find

text: ostrov

text: Khiuma

text: where

text: ostrov

text: means

text: island

text: in

text: Russian

text: and

text: Khiuma

text: is

text: back

text: transliteration

text: from

text: Russian

text: instead

text: of

text: Hiiumaa

text: Hiiumaa

text: Хийума(а

text: Khiuma

question: In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from?

answer: Russian

text: Russian

question: What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?

answer: Encyclopædia Britannica

text: Encyclopædia Britannica

question: What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?

answer: "ostrov Khiuma"

text: "ostrov Khiuma"

question: What famous encyclopedia contains a Estonian back-transliteration of Russian?

text: Encyclopædia Britannica

question: What is the Estonian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?

text: ostrov Khiuma

question: What is the Estonian translation of ostrov?

text: island

question: What is the Estonian translation of Khiuma?

text: Hiiumaa


text: Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy. Begun in 2010 by students in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, School of Communication, and Medill School of Journalism, the organization reaches students on more than 250 college campuses around the world. Run entirely by undergraduates, Politics & Policy publishes several times a week with material ranging from short summaries of events to extended research pieces. The organization is funded in part by the Buffett Center.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Politics

text: Policy

text: was

text: founded

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: and

text: is

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: analysis

text: of

text: current

text: events

text: and

text: public

text: policy

text: Begun

text: in

text: by

text: students

text: in

text: the

text: Weinberg

text: College

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: School

text: of

text: Communication

text: and

text: Medill

text: School

text: of

text: Journalism

text: the

text: organization

text: reaches

text: students

text: on

text: more

text: than

text: college

text: campuses

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Run

text: entirely

text: by

text: undergraduates

text: Politics

text: Policy

text: publishes

text: several

text: times

text: a

text: week

text: with

text: material

text: ranging

text: from

text: short

text: summaries

text: of

text: events

text: to

text: extended

text: research

text: pieces

text: The

text: organization

text: is

text: funded

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: Buffett

text: Center

question: What is the publication that is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy?

answer: Politics & Policy

text: Politics & Policy

question: How many college campuses does Politics & Policy reach worldwide?

answer: 250

question: Who completely runs Politics and Policy?

answer: undergraduates

text: undergraduates

question: Who partially funds Politics and Policy?

answer: the Buffett Center

text: the Buffett Center

question: How often is Politics & Policy published?

answer: several times a week

text: several times a week

question: What is the publication that is dedicated to the analysis of current events and private policy?

text: Politics & Policy

question: How many college campuses does Politics & Policy reach statewide?

question: Who doesn't run Politics and Policy?

text: undergraduates

question: Who completely funds Politics and Policy?

text: Buffett Center

question: How often is Politics & Policy not published?

text: several times a week


text: The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: dates

text: are

text: generalizations

text: since

text: the

text: periods

text: and

text: eras

text: overlap

text: and

text: the

text: categories

text: are

text: somewhat

text: arbitrary

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: that

text: some

text: authorities

text: reverse

text: terminologies

text: and

text: refer

text: to

text: a

text: common

text: practice

text: era

text: comprising

text: baroque

text: classical

text: and

text: romantic

text: periods

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: counterpoint

text: and

text: fugue

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: Baroque

text: era

text: or

text: period

text: was

text: continued

text: by

text: Haydn

text: who

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: Classical

text: era

text: Beethoven

text: who

text: is

text: often

text: described

text: as

text: a

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Romantic

text: era

text: and

text: Brahms

text: who

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: Romantic

text: also

text: used

text: counterpoint

text: and

text: fugue

text: but

text: other

text: characteristics

text: of

text: their

text: music

text: define

text: their

text: era

question: What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?

answer: Haydn

text: Haydn

question: Haydn is classified as typical of what era?

answer: Classical

text: Classical

question: Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?

answer: Beethoven

text: Beethoven

question: Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue?

answer: Brahms

text: Brahms

question: Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what?

answer: era

text: era


text: Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Congo

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: along

text: the

text: Equator

text: lying

text: between

text: latitudes

text: N

text: and

text: S

text: and

text: longitudes

text: and

text: E.

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Congo

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: bounded

text: by

text: Gabon

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Cameroon

text: and

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Cabinda

text: Angola

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: short

text: coast

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

question: Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?

answer: 4°N and 5°S

text: 4°N and 5°S

question: Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?

answer: 11° and 19°E

text: 11° and 19°E

question: What ocean connects to the Congo?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: Which country lies southwest of the Congo?

answer: Cabinda

text: Cabinda

question: What is another name for Cabinda?

answer: Angola

text: Angola

question: What is located in the northern part of sub-Saharan Africa?

text: Congo

question: What is outside of latitudes 4°N and 5°S?

text: Congo

question: What is to the west of Gabon?

text: Cameroon

question: What is to the north of Cameroon?

text: Central African Republic

question: What has a long coast on the Atlantic Ocean?

text: Congo


text: The South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descendants of a subspecies indigenous to south-central Chile, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, where it was cultivated as long as 10,000 years ago. According to George Raudzens, "It is clear that in pre-Columbian times some groups struggled to survive and often suffered food shortages and famines, while others enjoyed a varied and substantial diet." The persistent drought around 850 AD coincided with the collapse of Classic Maya civilization, and the famine of One Rabbit (AD 1454) was a major catastrophe in Mexico.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: South

text: American

text: highlands

text: were

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: early

text: agriculture

text: Genetic

text: testing

text: of

text: the

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: cultivars

text: and

text: wild

text: species

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: potato

text: has

text: a

text: single

text: origin

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: southern

text: Peru

text: from

text: a

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: Solanum

text: brevicaule

text: complex

text: Over

text: of

text: all

text: modern

text: cultivated

text: potatoes

text: worldwide

text: are

text: descendants

text: of

text: a

text: subspecies

text: indigenous

text: to

text: south

text: central

text: Chile

text: Solanum

text: tuberosum

text: ssp

text: tuberosum

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: cultivated

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: years

text: ago

text: According

text: to

text: George

text: Raudzens

text: It

text: is

text: clear

text: that

text: in

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: times

text: some

text: groups

text: struggled

text: to

text: survive

text: and

text: often

text: suffered

text: food

text: shortages

text: and

text: famines

text: while

text: others

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: varied

text: and

text: substantial

text: diet

text: The

text: persistent

text: drought

text: around

text: AD

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: Classic

text: Maya

text: civilization

text: and

text: the

text: famine

text: of

text: One

text: Rabbit

text: AD

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: catastrophe

text: in

text: Mexico

question: Where was a center of early agriculture?

answer: South American highlands

text: South American highlands

question: Based on genetic testing, what has been suggested about the origin of the potato?

answer: single

text: single

question: Where did the potato originate?

answer: area of southern Peru

text: area of southern Peru

question: How long ago was the decedent of 99% of all modern potatoes cultivated as long ago as?

answer: 10,000 years ago

text: 10,000 years ago

question: What event in 850 AD coincided with the collapse of Mayan civilization?

answer: persistent drought

text: persistent drought


text: By this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian army of 43,000 commanded by Count William Fermor. Both sides suffered heavy casualties – the Prussians 12,800, the Russians 18,000 – but the Russians withdrew, and Frederick claimed victory. In the undecided Battle of Tornow on 25 September, a Swedish army repulsed six assaults by a Prussian army but did not push on Berlin following the Battle of Fehrbellin.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: By

text: this

text: point

text: Frederick

text: was

text: increasingly

text: concerned

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: advance

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: marched

text: to

text: counter

text: it

text: Just

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Oder

text: in

text: Brandenburg

text: Neumark

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Zorndorf

text: now

text: Sarbinowo

text: Poland

text: a

text: Prussian

text: army

text: of

text: men

text: under

text: Frederick

text: on

text: Aug.

text: fought

text: a

text: Russian

text: army

text: of

text: commanded

text: by

text: Count

text: William

text: Fermor

text: Both

text: sides

text: suffered

text: heavy

text: casualties

text: the

text: Prussians

text: the

text: Russians

text: but

text: the

text: Russians

text: withdrew

text: and

text: Frederick

text: claimed

text: victory

text: In

text: the

text: undecided

text: Battle

text: of

text: Tornow

text: on

text: September

text: a

text: Swedish

text: army

text: repulsed

text: six

text: assaults

text: by

text: a

text: Prussian

text: army

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: push

text: on

text: Berlin

text: following

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Fehrbellin

question: How did Frederick respond to the Russian occupation of east Prussia?

answer: marched to counter it.

text: marched to counter it.

question: How large a force did Frederick send against the occupying Russians?

answer: 35,000 men

text: 35,000 men

question: How many Russians were in defense?

answer: Russian army of 43,000

text: Russian army of 43,000

question: Which army withdrew?

answer: the Russians withdrew

text: the Russians withdrew

question: What country was Prussia fighting on another front?

answer: Swedish

text: Swedish


text: Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: Although

text: little

text: was

text: officially

text: announced

text: by

text: Chinese

text: authorities

text: about

text: the

text: signals

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: system

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: COMPASS

text: satellite

text: permitted

text: independent

text: researchers

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: study

text: general

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: signals

text: but

text: even

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: COMPASS

text: receiver

question: How much information about the COMPASS system did Chinese authorities release?

answer: little was officially announced

text: little was officially announced

question: What is one thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?

answer: to study general characteristics of the signals

text: to study general characteristics of the signals

question: What is another thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do?

answer: to build a COMPASS receiver

text: to build a COMPASS receiver

question: How much information  about the new system's signals was released by Japanese authorities?

text: little

question: What type of receiver did FBI researchers build?

text: COMPASS receiver

question: The launch of the third COMPASS satellite allowed for researchers to do what?

question: How much information did Taiwanese authorities announce about the old system's signals?

text: little


text: In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the Center City and University City areas of the city. After many of the old manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. Glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City. Historic areas such as Independence National Historical Park located in Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. They are now among the most desirable living areas of Center City. This has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: In

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: whites

text: constituted

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: population

text: peaked

text: at

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: million

text: residents

text: in

text: then

text: began

text: to

text: decline

text: with

text: the

text: restructuring

text: of

text: industry

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: many

text: middle

text: class

text: union

text: jobs

text: In

text: addition

text: suburbanization

text: had

text: been

text: drawing

text: off

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: wealthier

text: residents

text: to

text: outlying

text: railroad

text: commuting

text: towns

text: and

text: newer

text: housing

text: Revitalization

text: and

text: gentrification

text: of

text: neighborhoods

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: continues

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: Center

text: City

text: and

text: University

text: City

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: After

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: manufacturers

text: and

text: businesses

text: left

text: Philadelphia

text: or

text: shut

text: down

text: the

text: city

text: started

text: attracting

text: service

text: businesses

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: more

text: aggressively

text: market

text: itself

text: as

text: a

text: tourist

text: destination

text: Glass

text: and

text: granite

text: skyscrapers

text: were

text: built

text: in

text: Center

text: City

text: Historic

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Independence

text: National

text: Historical

text: Park

text: located

text: in

text: Old

text: City

text: and

text: Society

text: Hill

text: were

text: renovated

text: during

text: the

text: reformist

text: mayoral

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: through

text: the

text: They

text: are

text: now

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: desirable

text: living

text: areas

text: of

text: Center

text: City

text: This

text: has

text: slowed

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: decline

text: after

text: it

text: lost

text: nearly

text: one

text: quarter

text: of

text: its

text: population

question: When was the peak of Philadelphia's population?

answer: 1950

question: Why did the population decline after this time?

answer: the loss of many middle-class union jobs

text: the loss of many middle-class union jobs

question: What is the main driver of the economy now?

answer: service businesses

text: service businesses

question: What is another large industry?

answer: a tourist destination

text: a tourist destination

question: How much of the population left after 1950?

answer: one-quarter

text: one-quarter


text: Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Dogs

text: are

text: also

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: health

text: conditions

text: as

text: humans

text: including

text: diabetes

text: dental

text: and

text: heart

text: disease

text: epilepsy

text: cancer

text: hypothyroidism

text: and

text: arthritis

question: Dogs can have the same health issues as who?

answer: humans

text: humans


text: While comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in American superhero comic books, the art may be divided between a penciller, who lays out the artwork in pencil; an inker, who finishes the artwork in ink; a colourist; and a letterer, who adds the captions and speech balloons.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: While

text: comics

text: are

text: often

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: creator

text: the

text: labour

text: of

text: making

text: them

text: is

text: frequently

text: divided

text: between

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: specialists

text: There

text: may

text: be

text: separate

text: writers

text: and

text: artists

text: and

text: artists

text: may

text: specialize

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: artwork

text: such

text: as

text: characters

text: or

text: backgrounds

text: as

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: Japan

text: Particularly

text: in

text: American

text: superhero

text: comic

text: books

text: the

text: art

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: between

text: a

text: penciller

text: who

text: lays

text: out

text: the

text: artwork

text: in

text: pencil

text: an

text: inker

text: who

text: finishes

text: the

text: artwork

text: in

text: ink

text: a

text: colourist

text: and

text: a

text: letterer

text: who

text: adds

text: the

text: captions

text: and

text: speech

text: balloons

question: Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?

answer: specialists

text: specialists

question: What is a person called who does the initial pencil work for the artwork?

answer: penciller

text: penciller

question: What does an inker do?

answer: finishes the artwork in ink

text: finishes the artwork in ink

question: Though one person always creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?

text: specialists

question: What is a person called who doesn't do the initial pencil work for the artwork?

text: penciller

question: What is a person called who does the initial pen work for the artwork?

text: penciller

question: What does an linker do?

text: finishes the artwork in ink

question: What doesn't an inker do?

text: finishes the artwork in ink


text: Daniel Gralath was the first to combine several jars in parallel into a "battery" to increase the charge storage capacity. Benjamin Franklin investigated the Leyden jar and came to the conclusion that the charge was stored on the glass, not in the water as others had assumed. He also adopted the term "battery", (denoting the increasing of power with a row of similar units as in a battery of cannon), subsequently applied to clusters of electrochemical cells. Leyden jars were later made by coating the inside and outside of jars with metal foil, leaving a space at the mouth to prevent arcing between the foils.[citation needed] The earliest unit of capacitance was the jar, equivalent to about 1.11 nanofarads.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Daniel

text: Gralath

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: combine

text: several

text: jars

text: in

text: parallel

text: into

text: a

text: battery

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: charge

text: storage

text: capacity

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: investigated

text: the

text: Leyden

text: jar

text: and

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: conclusion

text: that

text: the

text: charge

text: was

text: stored

text: on

text: the

text: glass

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: as

text: others

text: had

text: assumed

text: He

text: also

text: adopted

text: the

text: term

text: battery

text: denoting

text: the

text: increasing

text: of

text: power

text: with

text: a

text: row

text: of

text: similar

text: units

text: as

text: in

text: a

text: battery

text: of

text: cannon

text: subsequently

text: applied

text: to

text: clusters

text: of

text: electrochemical

text: cells

text: Leyden

text: jars

text: were

text: later

text: made

text: by

text: coating

text: the

text: inside

text: and

text: outside

text: of

text: jars

text: with

text: metal

text: foil

text: leaving

text: a

text: space

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: to

text: prevent

text: arcing

text: between

text: the

text: foils.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: earliest

text: unit

text: of

text: capacitance

text: was

text: the

text: jar

text: equivalent

text: to

text: about

text: nanofarads

question: Who was the first person to connect several Leyden jars in parallel?

answer: Daniel Gralath

text: Daniel Gralath

question: Where did Benjamin Franklin believe the charge was stored in Leyden jars?

answer: stored on the glass

text: stored on the glass

question: Who coined the term "battery"?

answer: Benjamin Franklin

text: Benjamin Franklin

question: How many nanofarads did the earliest unit of capacitance equate to?

answer: 1.11 nanofarads

text: 1.11 nanofarads

question: Why was a gap left at the mouth of Leyden jars?

answer: to prevent arcing between the foils

text: to prevent arcing between the foils

question: Who was the second person to connect several Leyden jars in parallel?

text: Daniel Gralath

question: Where did Benjamin Franklin believe the charge was released in Leyden jars?

text: stored on the glass

question: Who coined the term "electrochemical"?

text: Benjamin Franklin

question: How many nanofarads did the earliest unit of capacitance subtract?

text: 1.11 nanofarads

question: Why was the mouth of Leyden jars closed?

text: to prevent arcing between the foils


text: In soil, microorganisms that reside in the rhizosphere (a zone that includes the root surface and the soil that adheres to the root after gentle shaking) carry out nitrogen fixation, converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds. This serves to provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen for many plants, which cannot fix nitrogen themselves. Many other bacteria are found as symbionts in humans and other organisms. For example, the presence of over 1,000 bacterial species in the normal human gut flora of the intestines can contribute to gut immunity, synthesise vitamins, such as folic acid, vitamin K and biotin, convert sugars to lactic acid (see Lactobacillus), as well as fermenting complex undigestible carbohydrates. The presence of this gut flora also inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (usually through competitive exclusion) and these beneficial bacteria are consequently sold as probiotic dietary supplements.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: In

text: soil

text: microorganisms

text: that

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: rhizosphere

text: a

text: zone

text: that

text: includes

text: the

text: root

text: surface

text: and

text: the

text: soil

text: that

text: adheres

text: to

text: the

text: root

text: after

text: gentle

text: shaking

text: carry

text: out

text: nitrogen

text: fixation

text: converting

text: nitrogen

text: gas

text: to

text: nitrogenous

text: compounds

text: This

text: serves

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: easily

text: absorbable

text: form

text: of

text: nitrogen

text: for

text: many

text: plants

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: fix

text: nitrogen

text: themselves

text: Many

text: other

text: bacteria

text: are

text: found

text: as

text: symbionts

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: organisms

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: over

text: bacterial

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: normal

text: human

text: gut

text: flora

text: of

text: the

text: intestines

text: can

text: contribute

text: to

text: gut

text: immunity

text: synthesise

text: vitamins

text: such

text: as

text: folic

text: acid

text: vitamin

text: K

text: and

text: biotin

text: convert

text: sugars

text: to

text: lactic

text: acid

text: see

text: Lactobacillus

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: fermenting

text: complex

text: undigestible

text: carbohydrates

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: this

text: gut

text: flora

text: also

text: inhibits

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: potentially

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: usually

text: through

text: competitive

text: exclusion

text: and

text: these

text: beneficial

text: bacteria

text: are

text: consequently

text: sold

text: as

text: probiotic

text: dietary

text: supplements

question: Where do bacteria stay in soil?

answer: rhizosphere

text: rhizosphere

question: What do bacteria do in soil?

answer: converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds

text: converting nitrogen gas to nitrogenous compounds

question: How does the conversion help the vegetation?

answer: provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen

text: provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen

question: What is the amount of bacteria in human intestines?

answer: over 1,000 bacterial species

text: over 1,000 bacterial species

question: How does gut flora prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria?

answer: through competitive exclusion

text: through competitive exclusion


text: Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: Currently

text: printed

text: denominations

text: are

text: and

text: Notes

text: above

text: the

text: denomination

text: stopped

text: being

text: printed

text: in

text: and

text: were

text: officially

text: withdrawn

text: from

text: circulation

text: in

text: These

text: notes

text: were

text: used

text: primarily

text: in

text: inter

text: bank

text: transactions

text: or

text: by

text: organized

text: crime

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: latter

text: usage

text: that

text: prompted

text: President

text: Richard

text: Nixon

text: to

text: issue

text: an

text: executive

text: order

text: in

text: halting

text: their

text: use

text: With

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: electronic

text: banking

text: they

text: became

text: less

text: necessary

text: Notes

text: in

text: denominations

text: of

text: and

text: were

text: all

text: produced

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: see

text: large

text: denomination

text: bills

text: in

text: U.S.

text: currency

text: for

text: details

text: These

text: notes

text: are

text: now

text: collectors

text: items

text: and

text: are

text: worth

text: more

text: than

text: their

text: face

text: value

text: to

text: collectors

question: What is the highest currently printed denomination of bill?

answer: $100

question: In which year were notes valued above $100 no longer printed?

answer: 1946

question: When were bills above the $100 denomination withdrawn from circulation?

answer: 1969

question: What use of higher value bills prompted Nixon to halt the use of said bills?

answer: organized crime

text: organized crime

question: What was issued to halt the use of higher currency denomations?

answer: an executive order

text: an executive order

question: What is the cost of an executive order?

question: In which year were notes valued below $1 no longer printed?

question: When were bills above the below the $1 withdrawn into circulation?

question: What use of lower value bills prompted Nixon to halt the use of said bills?

text: organized crime

question: What was issued to halt the use of lower currency denominations?

text: an executive order


text: Leading Protestant churches in the country include the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion, the Assemblies of God Church, the Nigerian Baptist Convention and The Synagogue, Church Of All Nations Since the 1990s, there has been significant growth in many other churches, particularly the evangelical Protestant ones. These include the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Winners' Chapel, Christ Apostolic Church (the first Aladura Movement in Nigeria), Deeper Christian Life Ministry, Evangelical Church of West Africa, Mountain of Fire and Miracles, Christ Embassy and The Synagogue Church Of All Nations. In addition, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Aladura Church, the Seventh-day Adventist and various indigenous churches have also experienced growth.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Leading

text: Protestant

text: churches

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: include

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: of

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: the

text: Assemblies

text: of

text: God

text: Church

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: Baptist

text: Convention

text: and

text: The

text: Synagogue

text: Church

text: Of

text: All

text: Nations

text: Since

text: the

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: significant

text: growth

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: churches

text: particularly

text: the

text: evangelical

text: Protestant

text: ones

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: Redeemed

text: Christian

text: Church

text: of

text: God

text: Winners

text: Chapel

text: Christ

text: Apostolic

text: Church

text: the

text: first

text: Aladura

text: Movement

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: Deeper

text: Christian

text: Life

text: Ministry

text: Evangelical

text: Church

text: of

text: West

text: Africa

text: Mountain

text: of

text: Fire

text: and

text: Miracles

text: Christ

text: Embassy

text: and

text: The

text: Synagogue

text: Church

text: Of

text: All

text: Nations

text: In

text: addition

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: of

text: Latter

text: day

text: Saints

text: the

text: Aladura

text: Church

text: the

text: Seventh

text: day

text: Adventist

text: and

text: various

text: indigenous

text: churches

text: have

text: also

text: experienced

text: growth

question: When did many newer churches start growing in Nigeria?

answer: Since the 1990s

text: Since the 1990s

question: What is the largest Anglican church in Nigeria?

answer: the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion

text: the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion

question: What is the largest Baptist church in Nigeria?

answer: the Nigerian Baptist Convention

text: the Nigerian Baptist Convention


text: The Atlantic coast of the United States is low, with minor exceptions. The Appalachian Highland owes its oblique northeast-southwest trend to crustal deformations which in very early geological time gave a beginning to what later came to be the Appalachian mountain system. This system had its climax of deformation so long ago (probably in Permian time) that it has since then been very generally reduced to moderate or low relief. It owes its present-day altitude either to renewed elevations along the earlier lines or to the survival of the most resistant rocks as residual mountains. The oblique trend of this coast would be even more pronounced but for a comparatively modern crustal movement, causing a depression in the northeast resulting in an encroachment of the sea upon the land. Additionally, the southeastern section has undergone an elevation resulting in the advance of the land upon the sea.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: low

text: with

text: minor

text: exceptions

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: Highland

text: owes

text: its

text: oblique

text: northeast

text: southwest

text: trend

text: to

text: crustal

text: deformations

text: which

text: in

text: very

text: early

text: geological

text: time

text: gave

text: a

text: beginning

text: to

text: what

text: later

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: mountain

text: system

text: This

text: system

text: had

text: its

text: climax

text: of

text: deformation

text: so

text: long

text: ago

text: probably

text: in

text: Permian

text: time

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: since

text: then

text: been

text: very

text: generally

text: reduced

text: to

text: moderate

text: or

text: low

text: relief

text: It

text: owes

text: its

text: present

text: day

text: altitude

text: either

text: to

text: renewed

text: elevations

text: along

text: the

text: earlier

text: lines

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: resistant

text: rocks

text: as

text: residual

text: mountains

text: The

text: oblique

text: trend

text: of

text: this

text: coast

text: would

text: be

text: even

text: more

text: pronounced

text: but

text: for

text: a

text: comparatively

text: modern

text: crustal

text: movement

text: causing

text: a

text: depression

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: resulting

text: in

text: an

text: encroachment

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: upon

text: the

text: land

text: Additionally

text: the

text: southeastern

text: section

text: has

text: undergone

text: an

text: elevation

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: upon

text: the

text: sea

question: Why does the Appalachian Highland have the terrain it does?

answer: crustal deformations

text: crustal deformations

question: During what geological period did the Appalachian mountains reach their highest formation point?

answer: Permian time

text: Permian time

question: What is the name of the mountaneous region along the Atlantic cost.

answer: The Appalachian Highland

text: The Appalachian Highland

question: The Atlantic Coast of what country is high with minor exceptions?

text: United States

question: What made to see advance on the land in the southeasternAppalachian?

text: elevation

question: What kind of deformation created in northwest Southeast trend in the Appalachian

text: crustal

question: During what geological. That the Appalachian Mountains reach their lowest point

text: Permian time

question: The of Appalachian Mountains are low today because of modern what?

text: crustal movement,


text: In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism, such as Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988), developed cultural studies. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified "culture" with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing). Nevertheless, they saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: sociologists

text: and

text: other

text: scholars

text: influenced

text: by

text: Marxism

text: such

text: as

text: Stuart

text: Hall

text: and

text: Raymond

text: Williams

text: developed

text: cultural

text: studies

text: Following

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Romantics

text: they

text: identified

text: culture

text: with

text: consumption

text: goods

text: and

text: leisure

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: art

text: music

text: film

text: food

text: sports

text: and

text: clothing

text: Nevertheless

text: they

text: saw

text: patterns

text: of

text: consumption

text: and

text: leisure

text: as

text: determined

text: by

text: relations

text: of

text: production

text: which

text: led

text: them

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: class

text: relations

text: and

text: the

text: organization

text: of

text: production

question: Which scientist was influenced by Marxism in the United Kingdom?

answer: Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988)

text: Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988)

question: What did Marxist like Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams  they identify culture as?

answer: consumption goods and leisure activities

text: consumption goods and leisure activities

question: What made up Leisure activities and goods as viewed by Marxist?

answer: art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing

text: art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing

question: What led sociologist like Stuart and Raymond to focus on class relations and the organization of production?

answer: saw patterns of consumption and leisure

text: saw patterns of consumption and leisure

question: Which scientist created Marxism in the United Kingdom?

text: Stuart Hall

question: What did Marxist like Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams discount culture as?

question: What led sociologist like Stuart and Raymond to focus on individuals and the organization of destruction?

question: Where did Marxism begin?

text: United Kingdom


text: Seeking national reconciliation between revolutionaries and Catholics, the Concordat of 1801 was signed on 15 July 1801 between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII. It solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status. The hostility of devout Catholics against the state had now largely been resolved. It did not restore the vast church lands and endowments that had been seized during the revolution and sold off. As a part of the Concordat, he presented another set of laws called the Organic Articles.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Seeking

text: national

text: reconciliation

text: between

text: revolutionaries

text: and

text: Catholics

text: the

text: Concordat

text: of

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: July

text: between

text: Napoleon

text: and

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: VII

text: It

text: solidified

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: as

text: the

text: majority

text: church

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: brought

text: back

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: civil

text: status

text: The

text: hostility

text: of

text: devout

text: Catholics

text: against

text: the

text: state

text: had

text: now

text: largely

text: been

text: resolved

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: restore

text: the

text: vast

text: church

text: lands

text: and

text: endowments

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: seized

text: during

text: the

text: revolution

text: and

text: sold

text: off

text: As

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Concordat

text: he

text: presented

text: another

text: set

text: of

text: laws

text: called

text: the

text: Organic

text: Articles

question: What is the name of the 1801 document that aimed for reconcilliation between revolutionaries and Catholics?

answer: the Concordat of 1801

text: the Concordat of 1801

question: Along with Napoleon, who signed the Concordat of 1801?

answer: Pope Pius VII

text: Pope Pius VII

question: The Concordat of 1801 strengthened the position of which church as the majority church of France?

answer: the Roman Catholic Church

text: the Roman Catholic Church

question: What is the exact date on which the Concordat of 1801 was signed?

answer: 15 July 1801

text: 15 July 1801

question: What were the Organic Articles a part of?

answer: the Concordat

text: the Concordat


text: Spielberg's next film, Schindler's List, was based on the true story of Oskar Schindler, a man who risked his life to save 1,100 Jews from the Holocaust. Schindler's List earned Spielberg his first Academy Award for Best Director (it also won Best Picture). With the film a huge success at the box office, Spielberg used the profits to set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors. In 1997, the American Film Institute listed it among the 10 Greatest American Films ever Made (#9) which moved up to (#8) when the list was remade in 2007.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: next

text: film

text: Schindler

text: 's

text: List

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: true

text: story

text: of

text: Oskar

text: Schindler

text: a

text: man

text: who

text: risked

text: his

text: life

text: to

text: save

text: Jews

text: from

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: Schindler

text: 's

text: List

text: earned

text: Spielberg

text: his

text: first

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Director

text: it

text: also

text: won

text: Best

text: Picture

text: With

text: the

text: film

text: a

text: huge

text: success

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: Spielberg

text: used

text: the

text: profits

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: the

text: Shoah

text: Foundation

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: organization

text: that

text: archives

text: filmed

text: testimony

text: of

text: Holocaust

text: survivors

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: Film

text: Institute

text: listed

text: it

text: among

text: the

text: Greatest

text: American

text: Films

text: ever

text: Made

text: which

text: moved

text: up

text: to

text: when

text: the

text: list

text: was

text: remade

text: in

question: Whose life was 'Schindler's List' based on?

answer: Oskar Schindler

text: Oskar Schindler

question: How many Jews did Schindler save?

answer: 1,100

question: What did Spielberg first win Best Director for?

answer: Schindler's List

text: Schindler's List

question: What did Spielberg do with 'Schindler's List' profits?

answer: set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors

text: set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors

question: Where did the American Film Institute rank 'Schindler's List' in 1997?

answer: #9

question: In what year was the Shoah Foundation set up?

question: What movie did the American Film Institute rank as #1 on their 10 Greatest American Films ever Made list in 2007?

text: Schindler's List

question: What was the first Spielberg movie to win the Best Picture award?

text: Schindler's List

question: How many Holocaust survivors have filmed testimony for the Shoah Foundation?


text: Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Sentient

text: beings

text: always

text: suffer

text: throughout

text: saṃsāra

text: until

text: they

text: free

text: themselves

text: from

text: this

text: suffering

text: dukkha

text: by

text: attaining

text: Nirvana

text: Then

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Nidāna

text: ignorance

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: others

question: How are sentient beings freed from suffering?

answer: by attaining Nirvana

text: by attaining Nirvana

question: What is the first Nidāna?

answer: ignorance

text: ignorance

question: The absence of ignorance leads to what?

answer: the absence of the others

text: the absence of the others

question: Who always suffers throughout samsara?

answer: Sentient beings

text: Sentient beings

question: What is suffering also called?

answer: dukkha

text: dukkha

question: How do you free yourself of dukkha?

answer: attaining Nirvana

text: attaining Nirvana

question: What is the first Nidana?

answer: ignorance

text: ignorance


text: The Canadian Armed Forces have a total reserve force of approximately 50,000 primary and supplementary that can be called upon in times of national emergency or threat. For the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force, the order of precedence follows:

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: have

text: a

text: total

text: reserve

text: force

text: of

text: approximately

text: primary

text: and

text: supplementary

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: upon

text: in

text: times

text: of

text: national

text: emergency

text: or

text: threat

text: For

text: the

text: components

text: and

text: sub

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: Reserve

text: Force

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: precedence

text: follows

question: When can the reserve force be called upon?

answer: in times of national emergency or threat

text: in times of national emergency or threat

question: What troops does The reserve force consists of?

answer: primary and supplementary

text: primary and supplementary

question: When can't the reserve force be called upon?

question: What troops does The reserve force not consist of?

text: primary and supplementary


text: The Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. As of 2010[update], the Richmond-Petersburg designated market area (DMA) is the 58th largest in the U.S. with 553,950 homes according to Nielsen Market Research. The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV 6 (CBS), WRIC-TV 8 (ABC), WWBT 12 (NBC), WRLH-TV 35 (Fox), and WUPV 65 (CW). Public Broadcasting Service stations include WCVE-TV 23 and WCVW 57. There are also a wide variety of radio stations in the Richmond area, catering to many different interests, including news, talk radio, and sports, as well as an eclectic mix of musical interests.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: Richmond

text: metro

text: area

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: many

text: local

text: television

text: and

text: radio

text: stations

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Richmond

text: Petersburg

text: designated

text: market

text: area

text: DMA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: with

text: homes

text: according

text: to

text: Nielsen

text: Market

text: Research

text: The

text: major

text: network

text: television

text: affiliates

text: are

text: WTVR

text: TV

text: CBS

text: WRIC

text: TV

text: ABC

text: WWBT

text: NBC

text: WRLH

text: TV

text: Fox

text: and

text: WUPV

text: CW

text: Public

text: Broadcasting

text: Service

text: stations

text: include

text: WCVE

text: TV

text: and

text: WCVW

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: radio

text: stations

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: area

text: catering

text: to

text: many

text: different

text: interests

text: including

text: news

text: talk

text: radio

text: and

text: sports

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: eclectic

text: mix

text: of

text: musical

text: interests

question: Per Nielsen, how many homes exist in the Richmond-Petersburg DMA?

answer: 553,950

question: Where does the Richmind-Petersburg DMA rank in the United States?

answer: 58th

question: With what network is WUPV 65 affiliated?

answer: CW

text: CW

question: What type of channel is WCVW 57?

answer: Public Broadcasting

text: Public Broadcasting

question: What Richmond-area station is affiliated with CBS?

answer: WTVR-TV 6

text: WTVR-TV 6


text: The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: The

text: first

text: commutator

text: DC

text: electric

text: motor

text: capable

text: of

text: turning

text: machinery

text: was

text: invented

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: scientist

text: William

text: Sturgeon

text: in

text: Following

text: Sturgeon

text: 's

text: work

text: a

text: commutator

text: type

text: direct

text: current

text: electric

text: motor

text: made

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: commercial

text: use

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: inventor

text: Thomas

text: Davenport

text: which

text: he

text: patented

text: in

text: The

text: motors

text: ran

text: at

text: up

text: to

text: revolutions

text: per

text: minute

text: and

text: powered

text: machine

text: tools

text: and

text: a

text: printing

text: press

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: high

text: cost

text: of

text: primary

text: battery

text: power

text: the

text: motors

text: were

text: commercially

text: unsuccessful

text: and

text: Davenport

text: went

text: bankrupt

text: Several

text: inventors

text: followed

text: Sturgeon

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: DC

text: motors

text: but

text: all

text: encountered

text: the

text: same

text: battery

text: power

text: cost

text: issues

text: No

text: electricity

text: distribution

text: had

text: been

text: developed

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Like

text: Sturgeon

text: 's

text: motor

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: practical

text: commercial

text: market

text: for

text: these

text: motors

question: Who developed the first mnotor capable of being used for machinery?

answer: William Sturgeon

text: William Sturgeon

question: Which inventor went bankrupt?

answer: Thomas Davenport

text: Thomas Davenport

question: What was the main problem with applying early electric motors to industry?

answer: the high cost of primary battery power

text: the high cost of primary battery power

question: What necessary technical development had yet to occur to make electric motors useful?

answer: electricity distribution

text: electricity distribution

question: How fast did Sturgeon and Davenport's motors run?

answer: 600 revolutions per minute

text: 600 revolutions per minute

question: Who developed the last motor capable of being used for machinery?

text: William Sturgeon

question: Which inventor never went bankrupt?

text: Thomas Davenport

question: What wasn't the main problem with applying early electric motors to industry?

text: high cost of primary battery power

question: What necessary technical development always occurred to make electric motors useful?

text: electricity distribution

question: How slow did Sturgeon and Davenport's motors run?

text: 600 revolutions per minute


text: According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just one dog, 25% two dogs and nearly 9% more than two dogs. There does not seem to be any gender preference among dogs as pets, as the statistical data reveal an equal number of female and male dog pets. Yet, although several programs are undergoing to promote pet adoption, less than a fifth of the owned dogs come from a shelter.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: According

text: to

text: statistics

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Pet

text: Products

text: Manufacturers

text: Association

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Pet

text: Owner

text: Survey

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: estimated

text: there

text: are

text: million

text: people

text: with

text: pet

text: dogs

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: same

text: survey

text: shows

text: nearly

text: of

text: American

text: households

text: own

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: dog

text: of

text: which

text: own

text: just

text: one

text: dog

text: two

text: dogs

text: and

text: nearly

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: dogs

text: There

text: does

text: not

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: any

text: gender

text: preference

text: among

text: dogs

text: as

text: pets

text: as

text: the

text: statistical

text: data

text: reveal

text: an

text: equal

text: number

text: of

text: female

text: and

text: male

text: dog

text: pets

text: Yet

text: although

text: several

text: programs

text: are

text: undergoing

text: to

text: promote

text: pet

text: adoption

text: less

text: than

text: a

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: owned

text: dogs

text: come

text: from

text: a

text: shelter

question: The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010?

answer: 77.5 million

text: 77.5 million

question: How many people in the United States are said to own dog?

answer: 77.5 million

text: 77.5 million


text: Reports on the Delhi relay were similarly distinct. Despite intended torchbearers Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar and Bhaichung Bhutia all withdrawing from the event, the official Chinese website for the relay reported "Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics", and quoted torchbearers Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinder Singh Rahelu all stating that sports and politics should not be mixed.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Reports

text: on

text: the

text: Delhi

text: relay

text: were

text: similarly

text: distinct

text: Despite

text: intended

text: torchbearers

text: Kiran

text: Bedi

text: Soha

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: Sachin

text: Tendulkar

text: and

text: Bhaichung

text: Bhutia

text: all

text: withdrawing

text: from

text: the

text: event

text: the

text: official

text: Chinese

text: website

text: for

text: the

text: relay

text: reported

text: Indian

text: torchbearers

text: vow

text: to

text: run

text: for

text: spirit

text: of

text: Olympics

text: and

text: quoted

text: torchbearers

text: Manavjit

text: Singh

text: Sandhu

text: Abhinav

text: Bindra

text: Ayaan

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: and

text: Rajinder

text: Singh

text: Rahelu

text: all

text: stating

text: that

text: sports

text: and

text: politics

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: mixed

question: Though several torchbearers withdrew from the torch relay, the official website for China stated that Indian torch participants vowed to run for what?

answer: spirit of Olympics

text: spirit of Olympics

question: What did Ayaan Ali Khan and Manavjit Singh Sandhu say should not be mixed?

answer: sports and politics

text: sports and politics

question: Though four withdrew, it was reported that Indian torchbearers vowed to what?

answer: run for spirit of Olympics

text: run for spirit of Olympics

question: Several torchbearers said what two things should not be combined?

answer: sports and politics

text: sports and politics


text: New Haven's greatest culinary claim to fame may be its pizza, which has been claimed to be among the best in the country, or even in the world. New Haven-style pizza, called "apizza" (pronounced ah-BEETS, [aˈpitts] in the original Italian dialect), made its debut at the iconic Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana (known as Pepe's) in 1925. Apizza is baked in coal- or wood-fired brick ovens, and is notable for its thin crust. Apizza may be red (with a tomato-based sauce) or white (with a sauce of garlic and olive oil), and pies ordered "plain" are made without the otherwise customary mozzarella cheese (originally smoked mozzarella, known as "scamorza" in Italian). A white clam pie is a well-known specialty of the restaurants on Wooster Street in the Little Italy section of New Haven, including Pepe's and Sally's Apizza (which opened in 1938). Modern Apizza on State Street, which opened in 1934, is also well-known.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: greatest

text: culinary

text: claim

text: to

text: fame

text: may

text: be

text: its

text: pizza

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: or

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: New

text: Haven

text: style

text: pizza

text: called

text: apizza

text: pronounced

text: ah

text: BEETS

text: aˈpitts

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: Italian

text: dialect

text: made

text: its

text: debut

text: at

text: the

text: iconic

text: Frank

text: Pepe

text: Pizzeria

text: Napoletana

text: known

text: as

text: Pepe

text: 's

text: in

text: Apizza

text: is

text: baked

text: in

text: coal-

text: or

text: wood

text: fired

text: brick

text: ovens

text: and

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: its

text: thin

text: crust

text: Apizza

text: may

text: be

text: red

text: with

text: a

text: tomato

text: based

text: sauce

text: or

text: white

text: with

text: a

text: sauce

text: of

text: garlic

text: and

text: olive

text: oil

text: and

text: pies

text: ordered

text: plain

text: are

text: made

text: without

text: the

text: otherwise

text: customary

text: mozzarella

text: cheese

text: originally

text: smoked

text: mozzarella

text: known

text: as

text: scamorza

text: in

text: Italian

text: A

text: white

text: clam

text: pie

text: is

text: a

text: well

text: known

text: specialty

text: of

text: the

text: restaurants

text: on

text: Wooster

text: Street

text: in

text: the

text: Little

text: Italy

text: section

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: including

text: Pepe

text: 's

text: and

text: Sally

text: 's

text: Apizza

text: which

text: opened

text: in

text: Modern

text: Apizza

text: on

text: State

text: Street

text: which

text: opened

text: in

text: is

text: also

text: well

text: known

question: What dish is commonly considered to be penultimate culinary achievement in New Haven?

answer: New Haven-style pizza

text: New Haven-style pizza

question: What is the colloquial term afforded to New Haven-style pizza?

answer: "apizza"

text: "apizza"

question: At what New Haven establishment did "apizza" make it's inaugural appearance in 1925?

answer: Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana

text: Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana

question: What ingredient is notably absent from a New Haven-style pizza when ordered plain?

answer: mozzarella cheese

text: mozzarella cheese

question: In what section of New Haven would one expect to find an outstanding white clam pie pizza on Wooster Street?

answer: Little Italy

text: Little Italy

question: New Haven, in terms of food is best known for what?

answer: pizza

text: pizza

question: Where did New Haven pizza style originated from?

answer: Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana

text: Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana

question: In general what are "apizza" known for?

answer: its thin crust

text: its thin crust

question: White clam pie is found in what district of New Haven?

answer: Wooster Street in the Little Italy section

text: Wooster Street in the Little Italy section

question: In what year was New Haven-style pizza found?

answer: 1925