text: The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within the first centuries of contact with Europeans. The leading cause was disease. The continent was ravaged by epidemics of diseases such as smallpox, measles, and cholera, which were brought from Europe by the early explorers and spread quickly into new areas even before later explorers and colonists reached them. Native Americans suffered high mortality rates due to their lack of prior exposure to these diseases. The loss of lives was exacerbated by conflict between colonists and indigenous people. Colonists also frequently perpetrated massacres on the indigenous groups and enslaved them. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894), the North American Indian Wars of the 19th century cost the lives of about 19,000 whites and 30,000 Native Americans.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: European

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: forever

text: changed

text: the

text: lives

text: and

text: cultures

text: of

text: the

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: continents

text: Although

text: the

text: exact

text: pre

text: contact

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: is

text: unknown

text: scholars

text: estimate

text: that

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: diminished

text: by

text: between

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: first

text: centuries

text: of

text: contact

text: with

text: Europeans

text: The

text: leading

text: cause

text: was

text: disease

text: The

text: continent

text: was

text: ravaged

text: by

text: epidemics

text: of

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: smallpox

text: measles

text: and

text: cholera

text: which

text: were

text: brought

text: from

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: explorers

text: and

text: spread

text: quickly

text: into

text: new

text: areas

text: even

text: before

text: later

text: explorers

text: and

text: colonists

text: reached

text: them

text: Native

text: Americans

text: suffered

text: high

text: mortality

text: rates

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: prior

text: exposure

text: to

text: these

text: diseases

text: The

text: loss

text: of

text: lives

text: was

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: conflict

text: between

text: colonists

text: and

text: indigenous

text: people

text: Colonists

text: also

text: frequently

text: perpetrated

text: massacres

text: on

text: the

text: indigenous

text: groups

text: and

text: enslaved

text: them

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Bureau

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Indian

text: Wars

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: cost

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: about

text: whites

text: and

text: Native

text: Americans

question: What did the European colonization forever change?

answer: lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents

text: lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents

question: How much did the population of the Americas decrease after first contact with the Europeans?

answer: between 80 and 90%

text: between 80 and 90%

question: What was the leading cause of death for the native population after European contact?

answer: disease

text: disease

question: What triad of disease epidemics ravaged the American continent?

answer: smallpox, measles, and cholera

text: smallpox, measles, and cholera

question: Why did Native Americans suffer such high mortality rates to the diseases?

answer: lack of prior exposure

text: lack of prior exposure


text: The status of East Jerusalem in any future peace settlement has at times been a difficult issue in negotiations between Israeli governments and representatives of the Palestinians, as Israel views it as its sovereign territory, as well as part of its capital. Most negotiations relating to the territories have been on the basis of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, which emphasises "the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war", and calls on Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in return for normalization of relations with Arab states, a principle known as "Land for peace".

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: status

text: of

text: East

text: Jerusalem

text: in

text: any

text: future

text: peace

text: settlement

text: has

text: at

text: times

text: been

text: a

text: difficult

text: issue

text: in

text: negotiations

text: between

text: Israeli

text: governments

text: and

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinians

text: as

text: Israel

text: views

text: it

text: as

text: its

text: sovereign

text: territory

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: capital

text: Most

text: negotiations

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: territories

text: have

text: been

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: Resolution

text: which

text: emphasises

text: the

text: inadmissibility

text: of

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: territory

text: by

text: war

text: and

text: calls

text: on

text: Israel

text: to

text: withdraw

text: from

text: occupied

text: territories

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: normalization

text: of

text: relations

text: with

text: Arab

text: states

text: a

text: principle

text: known

text: as

text: Land

text: for

text: peace

question: Israel views East Jerusalem as what?

answer: sovereign territory

text: sovereign territory

question: What emphasises the inadmissability of the acquisition of territory by war?

answer: United Nations Security Council Resolution 242

text: United Nations Security Council Resolution 242

question: What is the principle of normalization of relations with Arab states?

answer: Land for peace

text: Land for peace


text: The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable sugars are sometimes added to increase alcohol content, and enzymes are often added to the wort for certain styles of beer (primarily "light" beers) to convert more complex carbohydrates (starches) to fermentable sugars. Alcohol is a by-product of yeast metabolism and is toxic to the yeast; typical brewing yeast cannot survive at alcohol concentrations above 12% by volume. Low temperatures and too little fermentation time decreases the effectiveness of yeasts and consequently decreases the alcohol content.

title: Beer

title: Beer

text: The

text: alcohol

text: in

text: beer

text: comes

text: primarily

text: from

text: the

text: metabolism

text: of

text: sugars

text: that

text: are

text: produced

text: during

text: fermentation

text: The

text: quantity

text: of

text: fermentable

text: sugars

text: in

text: the

text: wort

text: and

text: the

text: variety

text: of

text: yeast

text: used

text: to

text: ferment

text: the

text: wort

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: factors

text: that

text: determine

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: alcohol

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: beer

text: Additional

text: fermentable

text: sugars

text: are

text: sometimes

text: added

text: to

text: increase

text: alcohol

text: content

text: and

text: enzymes

text: are

text: often

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: wort

text: for

text: certain

text: styles

text: of

text: beer

text: primarily

text: light

text: beers

text: to

text: convert

text: more

text: complex

text: carbohydrates

text: starches

text: to

text: fermentable

text: sugars

text: Alcohol

text: is

text: a

text: by

text: product

text: of

text: yeast

text: metabolism

text: and

text: is

text: toxic

text: to

text: the

text: yeast

text: typical

text: brewing

text: yeast

text: can

text: not

text: survive

text: at

text: alcohol

text: concentrations

text: above

text: by

text: volume

text: Low

text: temperatures

text: and

text: too

text: little

text: fermentation

text: time

text: decreases

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: yeasts

text: and

text: consequently

text: decreases

text: the

text: alcohol

text: content

question: What is the main source of the alcohol in beer?

answer: sugars

text: sugars

question: What is the process during brewing in which sugar is metabolized into alcohol?

answer: fermentation

text: fermentation

question: At what concentration can yeast no longer survive in alcohol?

answer: above 12%

text: above 12%

question: What could decrease alcohol content during the brewing process?

answer: Low temperatures

text: Low temperatures

question: Why would more fermentable sugars be added to be beer during the brewing process?

answer: to increase alcohol content

text: to increase alcohol content

question: Where do the sugars in beer come from?

text: The alcohol

question: What are primary factors that determine the amount of sugars in the final beer?

question: What is yeast toxic to?

text: Alcohol

question: What decreases wort content?


text: Von Neumann entered the Lutheran Fasori Evangelikus Gimnázium in 1911. This was one of the best schools in Budapest, part of a brilliant education system designed for the elite. Under the Hungarian system, children received all their education at the one gymnasium. Despite being run by the Lutheran Church, the majority of its pupils were Jewish. The school system produced a generation noted for intellectual achievement, that included Theodore von Kármán (b. 1881), George de Hevesy (b. 1885), Leó Szilárd (b. 1898), Eugene Wigner (b. 1902), Edward Teller (b. 1908), and Paul Erdős (b. 1913). Collectively, they were sometimes known as Martians. Wigner was a year ahead of von Neumann at the Lutheran School. When asked why the Hungary of his generation had produced so many geniuses, Wigner, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, replied that von Neumann was the only genius.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: entered

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: Fasori

text: Evangelikus

text: Gimnázium

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: schools

text: in

text: Budapest

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: brilliant

text: education

text: system

text: designed

text: for

text: the

text: elite

text: Under

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: system

text: children

text: received

text: all

text: their

text: education

text: at

text: the

text: one

text: gymnasium

text: Despite

text: being

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: Church

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: pupils

text: were

text: Jewish

text: The

text: school

text: system

text: produced

text: a

text: generation

text: noted

text: for

text: intellectual

text: achievement

text: that

text: included

text: Theodore

text: von

text: Kármán

text: b.

text: George

text: de

text: Hevesy

text: b.

text: Leó

text: Szilárd

text: b.

text: Eugene

text: Wigner

text: b.

text: Edward

text: Teller

text: b.

text: and

text: Paul

text: Erdős

text: b.

text: Collectively

text: they

text: were

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: Martians

text: Wigner

text: was

text: a

text: year

text: ahead

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: at

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: School

text: When

text: asked

text: why

text: the

text: Hungary

text: of

text: his

text: generation

text: had

text: produced

text: so

text: many

text: geniuses

text: Wigner

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Physics

text: in

text: replied

text: that

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: genius

question: What did Von Neumann enter in 1911?

answer: Lutheran Fasori Evangelikus Gimnázium

text: Lutheran Fasori Evangelikus Gimnázium

question: In what room did children get education in Hungary?

answer: gymnasium

text: gymnasium

question: What collective name was given to the generation of scholars produced by the Hungarian school system?

answer: Martians

text: Martians

question: In what year did Wigner win Nobel Prize?

answer: 1963


text: High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: High

text: definition

text: image

text: sources

text: include

text: terrestrial

text: broadcast

text: direct

text: broadcast

text: satellite

text: digital

text: cable

text: IPTV

text: including

text: GoogleTV

text: Roku

text: boxes

text: and

text: AppleTV

text: or

text: built

text: into

text: Smart

text: Televisions

text: Blu

text: ray

text: video

text: disc

text: BD

text: and

text: internet

text: downloads

question: Roku and AppleTV are examples of what?

answer: IPTV

text: IPTV

question: Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV are examples of what?

answer: High-definition image sources

text: High-definition image sources

question: Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what?

answer: High-definition image sources

text: High-definition image sources

question: Digital cable and Roku are examples of what?

answer: High-definition image sources

text: High-definition image sources

question: Roku and AppleTV aren't examples of what?

text: IPTV

question: Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV aren't examples of what?

text: High-definition image sources

question: Digital cable and Roku aren't examples of what?

text: High-definition image


text: In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, the latter agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England (Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general. This was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was not recognized by the Spanish Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Provinces

text: invited

text: Francis

text: Duke

text: of

text: Anjou

text: to

text: lead

text: them

text: but

text: after

text: a

text: failed

text: attempt

text: to

text: take

text: Antwerp

text: in

text: the

text: duke

text: left

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: again

text: After

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: William

text: of

text: Orange

text: July

text: both

text: Henry

text: III

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Elizabeth

text: I

text: of

text: England

text: declined

text: the

text: offer

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: However

text: the

text: latter

text: agreed

text: to

text: turn

text: the

text: United

text: Provinces

text: into

text: a

text: protectorate

text: of

text: England

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Nonsuch

text: and

text: sent

text: the

text: Earl

text: of

text: Leicester

text: as

text: governor

text: general

text: This

text: was

text: unsuccessful

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: became

text: a

text: confederacy

text: The

text: Union

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: United

text: Provinces

text: which

text: was

text: not

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Empire

text: until

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Westphalia

text: in

question: In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them?

answer: 1582

question: In what year did Francis, Duke of Anjou leave the Netherlands?

answer: 1583

question: When was William of Orange assassinated?

answer: 10 July 1584

text: 10 July 1584

question: Who agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England?

answer: Elizabeth I

text: Elizabeth I

question: In what year did the United Provinces become a confederacy?

answer: 1588

question: In what year did the Duke of Anjou conquered the United provinces?

question: Who talk Antwerp in 1583?

text: Francis, Duke of Anjou

question: What two rulers fought over the provinces after the assassination of William of Orange?

question: What treaty gave England sovereignty over the United provinces?

text: Treaty of Nonsuch

question: In what year did the Spanish Empire stopped recognizing the Republic of the Seven United Provinces?

question: When was the Duke of Anjou assassinated?

text: 10 July 1584

question: When did Henry III leave the Netherlands?

question: When did the Duke of Anjou decline an offer of soverignty?

question: Who was sent as governer-general to the Spanish Empire?

text: the Earl of Leicester

question: What did Henry III do with the United Provinces  after William of Orange was assassinated?


text: A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell, but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including industrial folk song, began to gain attention. The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county. Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding. The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: A

text: local

text: pioneer

text: of

text: folk

text: song

text: collection

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: Shakespearean

text: scholar

text: James

text: Orchard

text: Halliwell

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: second

text: folk

text: revival

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: the

text: full

text: range

text: of

text: song

text: from

text: the

text: county

text: including

text: industrial

text: folk

text: song

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: attention

text: The

text: county

text: produced

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: revival

text: in

text: Ewan

text: MacColl

text: but

text: also

text: a

text: local

text: champion

text: in

text: Harry

text: Boardman

text: who

text: from

text: onwards

text: probably

text: did

text: more

text: than

text: anyone

text: to

text: popularise

text: and

text: record

text: the

text: folk

text: song

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: folk

text: artists

text: to

text: emerge

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: were

text: Liverpool

text: folk

text: group

text: The

text: Spinners

text: and

text: from

text: Manchester

text: folk

text: troubadour

text: Roy

text: Harper

text: and

text: musician

text: comedian

text: and

text: broadcaster

text: Mike

text: Harding

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: folk

text: clubs

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: catering

text: to

text: Irish

text: and

text: Scottish

text: folk

text: music

text: Regular

text: folk

text: festivals

text: include

text: the

text: Fylde

text: Folk

text: Festival

text: at

text: Fleetwood

question: Who was a local pioneer of folk song collection?

answer: James Orchard Halliwell

text: James Orchard Halliwell

question: Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?

answer: Harry Boardman

text: Harry Boardman

question: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?

answer: The Spinners

text: The Spinners

question: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?

answer: Irish and Scottish folk music

text: Irish and Scottish folk music

question: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?

answer: Fylde Folk Festival

text: Fylde Folk Festival

question: In what year was James Orchard Halliwell born?

question: In what year did The Spinners release their first folk music album?

question: When was the first Fylde Folke Festival at Fleetwood held?

question: What city was Harry Boardman from?

text: Manchester

question: Where was James Orchard Halliwell from?

text: Liverpool


text: The climate of Western Alaska is determined in large part by the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. It is a subarctic oceanic climate in the southwest and a continental subarctic climate farther north. The temperature is somewhat moderate considering how far north the area is. This region has a tremendous amount of variety in precipitation. An area stretching from the northern side of the Seward Peninsula to the Kobuk River valley (i. e., the region around Kotzebue Sound) is technically a desert, with portions receiving less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually. On the other extreme, some locations between Dillingham and Bethel average around 100 in (250 cm) of precipitation.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: climate

text: of

text: Western

text: Alaska

text: is

text: determined

text: in

text: large

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: Bering

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Alaska

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: subarctic

text: oceanic

text: climate

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: a

text: continental

text: subarctic

text: climate

text: farther

text: north

text: The

text: temperature

text: is

text: somewhat

text: moderate

text: considering

text: how

text: far

text: north

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: This

text: region

text: has

text: a

text: tremendous

text: amount

text: of

text: variety

text: in

text: precipitation

text: An

text: area

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: northern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Seward

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: Kobuk

text: River

text: valley

text: i.

text: e.

text: the

text: region

text: around

text: Kotzebue

text: Sound

text: is

text: technically

text: a

text: desert

text: with

text: portions

text: receiving

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: cm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: annually

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: extreme

text: some

text: locations

text: between

text: Dillingham

text: and

text: Bethel

text: average

text: around

text: in

text: cm

text: of

text: precipitation

question: What two bodies of water influene the climate in Western Alaska?

answer: Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska

text: Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska

question: Is precipitation varied or uniform in Western Alaska?

answer: tremendous amount of variety

text: tremendous amount of variety

question: Which area of Western Alaska is techincally a desert?

answer: the region around Kotzebue Sound

text: the region around Kotzebue Sound

question: How much precipitation does the desert area of Western Alaska receive?

answer: less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually

text: less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually

question: What three bodies of water influene the climate in Western Alaska?

text: Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska

question: What two bodies of water influene the climate in Eastern Alaska?

text: Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska

question: Is precipitation varied or uniform in Eastern Alaska?

text: tremendous amount of variety

question: Which area of Eastern Alaska is technically a desert?

text: the region around Kotzebue Sound

question: How much precipitation does the desert area of Eastern Alaska receive?


text: Nociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are "thermal" (e.g. heat or cold), "mechanical" (e.g. crushing, tearing, shearing, etc.) and "chemical" (e.g. iodine in a cut or chemicals released during inflammation). Some nociceptors respond to more than one of these modalities and are consequently designated polymodal.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: Nociceptive

text: pain

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: stimulation

text: of

text: peripheral

text: nerve

text: fibers

text: that

text: respond

text: to

text: stimuli

text: approaching

text: or

text: exceeding

text: harmful

text: intensity

text: nociceptors

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: mode

text: of

text: noxious

text: stimulation

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: categories

text: are

text: thermal

text: e.g.

text: heat

text: or

text: cold

text: mechanical

text: e.g.

text: crushing

text: tearing

text: shearing

text: etc

text: and

text: chemical

text: e.g.

text: iodine

text: in

text: a

text: cut

text: or

text: chemicals

text: released

text: during

text: inflammation

text: Some

text: nociceptors

text: respond

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: modalities

text: and

text: are

text: consequently

text: designated

text: polymodal

question: Stimulating nociceptors will induce which type of pain?

answer: Nociceptive

text: Nociceptive

question: How is nociceptive pain classified?

answer: according to the mode of noxious stimulation

text: according to the mode of noxious stimulation

question: The thermal category of pain deals with which two temperature ranges?

answer: heat or cold

text: heat or cold

question: Crushing, tearing and shearing are examples of which type of pain?

answer: mechanical

text: mechanical

question: What is the term for nociceptors which respond to more than one type of stimuli?

answer: polymodal

text: polymodal

question: What type of pain is caused by stimulation of fiber?

text: Nociceptive pain

question: What are the common categories of modalities pain?

question: What does mechanical pain refer to along with cold?

text: heat


text: China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, "Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China." It also states that the Ming dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty, and repeats the claims in the Mingshi about the Ming establishing two itinerant high commands over Tibet. China Daily states that the Ming handled Tibet's civil administration, appointed all leading officials of these administrative organs, and punished Tibetans who broke the law. The party-controlled People's Daily, the state-controlled Xinhua News Agency, and the state-controlled national television network China Central Television posted the same article that China Daily had, the only difference being their headlines and some additional text.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: China

text: Daily

text: a

text: CCP

text: controlled

text: news

text: organization

text: since

text: states

text: in

text: a

text: article

text: that

text: although

text: there

text: were

text: dynastic

text: changes

text: after

text: Tibet

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Tibet

text: has

text: remained

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: of

text: China

text: It

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: inherited

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: rule

text: Tibet

text: from

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: and

text: repeats

text: the

text: claims

text: in

text: the

text: Mingshi

text: about

text: the

text: Ming

text: establishing

text: two

text: itinerant

text: high

text: commands

text: over

text: Tibet

text: China

text: Daily

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: handled

text: Tibet

text: 's

text: civil

text: administration

text: appointed

text: all

text: leading

text: officials

text: of

text: these

text: administrative

text: organs

text: and

text: punished

text: Tibetans

text: who

text: broke

text: the

text: law

text: The

text: party

text: controlled

text: People

text: 's

text: Daily

text: the

text: state

text: controlled

text: Xinhua

text: News

text: Agency

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: controlled

text: national

text: television

text: network

text: China

text: Central

text: Television

text: posted

text: the

text: same

text: article

text: that

text: China

text: Daily

text: had

text: the

text: only

text: difference

text: being

text: their

text: headlines

text: and

text: some

text: additional

text: text

question: When was Tibet included into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China?

answer: the 13th century

text: the 13th century

question: Who was said to have gained the right to rule Tibet?

answer: the Ming dynasty

text: the Ming dynasty

question: When was China Daily started?

answer: 1981

question: Who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over Tibet?

answer: the Ming

text: the Ming

question: According to article Tibet has remained under what jurisdiction?

answer: the central government of China

text: the central government of China


text: Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These include the Yangtze, Yellow River, Indus River, Mekong, Ganges, Salween and the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra River). The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, along the Yarlung Tsangpo River, is among the deepest and longest canyons in the world.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: Tibet

text: has

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: tallest

text: mountains

text: with

text: several

text: of

text: them

text: making

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: list

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Nepal

text: is

text: at

text: metres

text: ft

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: on

text: earth

text: Several

text: major

text: rivers

text: have

text: their

text: source

text: in

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: mostly

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Qinghai

text: Province

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: Yellow

text: River

text: Indus

text: River

text: Mekong

text: Ganges

text: Salween

text: and

text: the

text: Yarlung

text: Tsangpo

text: River

text: Brahmaputra

text: River

text: The

text: Yarlung

text: Tsangpo

text: Grand

text: Canyon

text: along

text: the

text: Yarlung

text: Tsangpo

text: River

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: deepest

text: and

text: longest

text: canyons

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: On which border of Tibet is Mount Everest located?

answer: Nepal

text: Nepal

question: How tall, in feet, is Mount Everest?

answer: 29,029

question: Where is the source of the Yangtze river?

answer: Tibetan Plateau

text: Tibetan Plateau

question: What is 8,848 ft tall?

text: Mount Everest

question: What rivers have their source in the Yangtze Plateau?

question: What is the deepest and longest canyon in the world?

text: The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon

question: What river is the Tsangpo Yarlung Grand Canyon located along?

text: Yarlung Tsangpo River

question: What does Nepal have that make a top ten list?

text: some of the world's tallest mountains


text: Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as the pre-eminent power, due to its navy and the extent of its territories, which signalled the beginning of the Pax Britannica and of the Great Game between the UK and Russia. The balance of power between the Great Powers became a major influence in European politics, prompting Otto von Bismarck to say "All politics reduces itself to this formula: try to be one of three, as long as the world is governed by the unstable equilibrium of five great powers."

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: Of

text: the

text: five

text: original

text: great

text: powers

text: recognised

text: at

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: only

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: have

text: maintained

text: that

text: status

text: continuously

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: although

text: France

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: and

text: occupied

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: After

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: pre

text: eminent

text: power

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: navy

text: and

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: its

text: territories

text: which

text: signalled

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Pax

text: Britannica

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Game

text: between

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: Russia

text: The

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: between

text: the

text: Great

text: Powers

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: influence

text: in

text: European

text: politics

text: prompting

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: to

text: say

text: All

text: politics

text: reduces

text: itself

text: to

text: this

text: formula

text: try

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: unstable

text: equilibrium

text: of

text: five

text: great

text: powers

question: What 2 powers named in the 5 orignal great powers of the congress of vienna have maintained that status?

answer: only France and the United Kingdom

text: only France and the United Kingdom

question: What country lost Franco-Prussian war?

answer: France

text: France

question: What country emerged as the pre-eminent power, due to its navy and the extent of its territories?

answer: British Empire

text: British Empire

question: Balance of power of great powers was a major influence on what continents politics?

answer: European

text: European

question: Who stated that "All politics reduces itself to this formula: try to be one of three, as long as the world is governed by the unstable equilibrium of five great powers.?"

answer: Otto von Bismarck

text: Otto von Bismarck

question: What two powers involved in the Franco-Prussian war have the same status today?

text: France and the United Kingdom

question: After WWII which country was the pre-eminent power?

text: the British Empire

question: What became a main influence for the Congress of Vienna?

question: By what formula are all great powers reduced?

question: What pre-eminent power lost the Franco-Prussian war?

text: France


text: Under New York State's gradual abolition act of 1799, children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties. Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan. Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination. New York interracial abolitionist activism continued; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School. The city's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Under

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: 's

text: gradual

text: abolition

text: act

text: of

text: children

text: of

text: slave

text: mothers

text: were

text: born

text: to

text: be

text: eventually

text: liberated

text: but

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: indentured

text: servitude

text: until

text: their

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: twenties

text: Together

text: with

text: slaves

text: freed

text: by

text: their

text: masters

text: after

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: and

text: escaped

text: slaves

text: a

text: significant

text: free

text: black

text: population

text: gradually

text: developed

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: Under

text: such

text: influential

text: United

text: States

text: founders

text: as

text: Alexander

text: Hamilton

text: and

text: John

text: Jay

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Manumission

text: Society

text: worked

text: for

text: abolition

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: African

text: Free

text: School

text: to

text: educate

text: black

text: children

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: that

text: slavery

text: was

text: completely

text: abolished

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: free

text: blacks

text: struggled

text: afterward

text: with

text: discrimination

text: New

text: York

text: interracial

text: abolitionist

text: activism

text: continued

text: among

text: its

text: leaders

text: were

text: graduates

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: Free

text: School

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: black

text: population

text: reached

text: more

text: than

text: in

question: In what year did the state of New York pass a law to free the slaves?

answer: 1799

question: What borough was home to a notable population of free African-Americans?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: Along with John Jay, who founded the New York Manumission Society?

answer: Alexander Hamilton

text: Alexander Hamilton

question: In what year did the state of New York eliminate slavery?

answer: 1827

question: In 1840, about how many African-Americans lived in New York City?

answer: 16,000

question: The gradual abolition act in New York was formed in what year?

answer: 1799

question: When was slavery completely outlawed in the state of New York?

answer: 1827


text: Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks are the largest ethnic European groups in the city. Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States, after New York City. South Philadelphia remains one of the largest Italian neighborhoods in the country and is home to the Italian Market. The Pennsport neighborhood and Gray's Ferry section of South Philadelphia, home to many Mummer clubs, are well known as Irish neighborhoods. The Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown have historically been heavily Irish and Polish. Port Richmond is well known in particular as the center of the Polish immigrant and Polish-American community in Philadelphia, and it remains a common destination for Polish immigrants. Northeast Philadelphia, although known for its Irish and Irish-American population, is also home to a large Jewish and Russian population. Mount Airy in Northwest Philadelphia also contains a large Jewish community, while nearby Chestnut Hill is historically known as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant stronghold.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Irish

text: Italians

text: Polish

text: Germans

text: English

text: and

text: Greeks

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: ethnic

text: European

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Philadelphia

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Irish

text: and

text: Italian

text: populations

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: South

text: Philadelphia

text: remains

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Italian

text: neighborhoods

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Italian

text: Market

text: The

text: Pennsport

text: neighborhood

text: and

text: Gray

text: 's

text: Ferry

text: section

text: of

text: South

text: Philadelphia

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: Mummer

text: clubs

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: as

text: Irish

text: neighborhoods

text: The

text: Kensington

text: section

text: Port

text: Richmond

text: and

text: Fishtown

text: have

text: historically

text: been

text: heavily

text: Irish

text: and

text: Polish

text: Port

text: Richmond

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: in

text: particular

text: as

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: immigrant

text: and

text: Polish

text: American

text: community

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: it

text: remains

text: a

text: common

text: destination

text: for

text: Polish

text: immigrants

text: Northeast

text: Philadelphia

text: although

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: Irish

text: and

text: Irish

text: American

text: population

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Russian

text: population

text: Mount

text: Airy

text: in

text: Northwest

text: Philadelphia

text: also

text: contains

text: a

text: large

text: Jewish

text: community

text: while

text: nearby

text: Chestnut

text: Hill

text: is

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: Protestant

text: stronghold

question: Name the six largest European ethnic groups in the city?

answer: Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks

text: Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks

question: Which city has the largest Irish and Italian populations?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: What area of the city has a large Italian neighborhood?

answer: South Philadelphia

text: South Philadelphia

question: Which three areas are high in Irish and Polish?

answer: Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown

text: Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown

question: Which part of the city has a large Jewish area?

answer: Mount Airy

text: Mount Airy


text: The model also shows all the memory stores as being a single unit whereas research into this shows differently. For example, short-term memory can be broken up into different units such as visual information and acoustic information. In a study by Zlonoga and Gerber (1986), patient 'KF' demonstrated certain deviations from the Atkinson–Shiffrin model. Patient KF was brain damaged, displaying difficulties regarding short-term memory. Recognition of sounds such as spoken numbers, letters, words and easily identifiable noises (such as doorbells and cats meowing) were all impacted. Interestingly, visual short-term memory was unaffected, suggesting a dichotomy between visual and audial memory.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: The

text: model

text: also

text: shows

text: all

text: the

text: memory

text: stores

text: as

text: being

text: a

text: single

text: unit

text: whereas

text: research

text: into

text: this

text: shows

text: differently

text: For

text: example

text: short

text: term

text: memory

text: can

text: be

text: broken

text: up

text: into

text: different

text: units

text: such

text: as

text: visual

text: information

text: and

text: acoustic

text: information

text: In

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: Zlonoga

text: and

text: Gerber

text: patient

text: KF

text: demonstrated

text: certain

text: deviations

text: from

text: the

text: Atkinson

text: Shiffrin

text: model

text: Patient

text: KF

text: was

text: brain

text: damaged

text: displaying

text: difficulties

text: regarding

text: short

text: term

text: memory

text: Recognition

text: of

text: sounds

text: such

text: as

text: spoken

text: numbers

text: letters

text: words

text: and

text: easily

text: identifiable

text: noises

text: such

text: as

text: doorbells

text: and

text: cats

text: meowing

text: were

text: all

text: impacted

text: Interestingly

text: visual

text: short

text: term

text: memory

text: was

text: unaffected

text: suggesting

text: a

text: dichotomy

text: between

text: visual

text: and

text: audial

text: memory

question: What are some examples of units that short-term memory can be categorized in to?

answer: visual information and acoustic information

text: visual information and acoustic information

question: Who performed a study in 1986 invovling a participant known as KF?

answer: Zlonoga and Gerber

text: Zlonoga and Gerber

question: What did KF disprove during this study?

answer: Atkinson–Shiffrin model.

text: Atkinson–Shiffrin model.

question: What did KF have trouble doing?

answer: difficulties regarding short-term memory.

text: difficulties regarding short-term memory.

question: What did this study seem to conclude?

answer: a dichotomy between visual and audial memory.

text: a dichotomy between visual and audial memory.

question: What happened in a 1985 study from Zlonoga and Gerber?

question: Which patient demonstration certain deviations from the Zlonoga-Gerber model?

text: patient 'KF'

question: What year did Atkinson and Shiffrin release their study?

question: What was suggested when visual long-term memory was unaffected?

question: What was damaged in KF causing difficulties to long-term memory?

text: brain damaged


text: The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977, which also included Bernardin Gantin from Benin, Africa. This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978. Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: The

text: next

text: three

text: popes

text: including

text: Pope

text: Emeritus

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: were

text: created

text: cardinals

text: by

text: him

text: His

text: immediate

text: successor

text: Albino

text: Luciani

text: who

text: took

text: the

text: name

text: John

text: Paul

text: I

text: was

text: created

text: a

text: cardinal

text: in

text: the

text: consistory

text: of

text: March

text: Karol

text: Wojtyła

text: was

text: created

text: a

text: cardinal

text: in

text: the

text: consistory

text: of

text: June

text: Joseph

text: Ratzinger

text: was

text: created

text: a

text: cardinal

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: four

text: appointment

text: consistory

text: of

text: June

text: which

text: also

text: included

text: Bernardin

text: Gantin

text: from

text: Benin

text: Africa

text: This

text: became

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: 's

text: consistories

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: August

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: was

text: asked

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: papacy

text: whether

text: he

text: would

text: retire

text: at

text: age

text: he

text: replied

text: Kings

text: can

text: abdicate

text: Popes

text: cannot."[citation

text: needed

question: How many future popes did Paul VI create first as cardinals?

answer: three

text: three

question: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?

answer: Joseph Ratzinger

text: Joseph Ratzinger

question: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?

answer: Karol Wojtyła

text: Karol Wojtyła

question: In what year did Paul VI die?

answer: 1978

question: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?

answer: John Paul I

text: John Paul I


text: Maas comments further that "A dictation revised by the author must be regarded as equivalent to an autograph manuscript". The lack of autograph manuscripts applies to many cultures other than Greek and Roman. In such a situation, a key objective becomes the identification of the first exemplar before any split in the tradition. That exemplar is known as the archetype. "If we succeed in establishing the text of [the archetype], the constitutio (reconstruction of the original) is considerably advanced.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: Maas

text: comments

text: further

text: that

text: A

text: dictation

text: revised

text: by

text: the

text: author

text: must

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: equivalent

text: to

text: an

text: autograph

text: manuscript

text: The

text: lack

text: of

text: autograph

text: manuscripts

text: applies

text: to

text: many

text: cultures

text: other

text: than

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: In

text: such

text: a

text: situation

text: a

text: key

text: objective

text: becomes

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: exemplar

text: before

text: any

text: split

text: in

text: the

text: tradition

text: That

text: exemplar

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: archetype

text: If

text: we

text: succeed

text: in

text: establishing

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: archetype

text: the

text: constitutio

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: is

text: considerably

text: advanced

question: What is the first goal when attempting to analyze a new text?

answer: identification of the first exemplar

text: identification of the first exemplar

question: Why is finding the first exemplar important in textual criticism?

answer: split in the tradition

text: split in the tradition

question: The exemplar is otherwise known as what?

answer: the archetype

text: the archetype

question: The final product of reconstruction is known as what?

answer: the constitutio

text: the constitutio

question: What is the second goal when attempting to analyze a new text?

question: Why is finding the last exemplar important in textual criticism?

question: The first product of reconstruction is known as what?

text: constitutio

question: The middle product of reconstruction is known as what?

text: constitutio

question: The final product of reconstruction is known as what?

text: autograph


text: The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved. The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank. However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners. After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909. Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail. The US was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the US House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: fate

text: of

text: Willett

text: 's

text: proposal

text: illustrates

text: several

text: political

text: issues

text: involved

text: The

text: proposal

text: attracted

text: many

text: supporters

text: including

text: Balfour

text: Churchill

text: Lloyd

text: George

text: MacDonald

text: Edward

text: VII

text: who

text: used

text: half

text: hour

text: DST

text: at

text: Sandringham

text: the

text: managing

text: director

text: of

text: Harrods

text: and

text: the

text: manager

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Bank

text: However

text: the

text: opposition

text: was

text: stronger

text: it

text: included

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: H.

text: H.

text: Asquith

text: Christie

text: the

text: Astronomer

text: Royal

text: George

text: Darwin

text: Napier

text: Shaw

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Meteorological

text: Office

text: many

text: agricultural

text: organizations

text: and

text: theatre

text: owners

text: After

text: many

text: hearings

text: the

text: proposal

text: was

text: narrowly

text: defeated

text: in

text: a

text: Parliament

text: committee

text: vote

text: in

text: Willett

text: 's

text: allies

text: introduced

text: similar

text: bills

text: every

text: year

text: from

text: through

text: to

text: no

text: avail

text: The

text: US

text: was

text: even

text: more

text: skeptical

text: Andrew

text: Peters

text: introduced

text: a

text: DST

text: bill

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: in

text: May

text: but

text: it

text: soon

text: died

text: in

text: committee

question: Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham?

answer: Edward VII

text: Edward VII

question: What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST?

answer: Napier Shaw

text: Napier Shaw

question: What year did Parliament first take a vote and decide against implementing daylight savings?

answer: 1909

question: Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives?

answer: Andrew Peters

text: Andrew Peters


text: The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum. These proofs are commonly known as the "ultraviolet catastrophe", a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911. They contributed greatly (along with Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect) to convincing physicists that Planck's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism. The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to "the theory of radiation and quanta". Max Planck received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta".

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: The

text: black

text: body

text: problem

text: was

text: revisited

text: in

text: when

text: Rayleigh

text: and

text: Jeans

text: on

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: and

text: Einstein

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: independently

text: proved

text: that

text: classical

text: electromagnetism

text: could

text: never

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: observed

text: spectrum

text: These

text: proofs

text: are

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: ultraviolet

text: catastrophe

text: a

text: name

text: coined

text: by

text: Paul

text: Ehrenfest

text: in

text: They

text: contributed

text: greatly

text: along

text: with

text: Einstein

text: 's

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: photoelectric

text: effect

text: to

text: convincing

text: physicists

text: that

text: Planck

text: 's

text: postulate

text: of

text: quantized

text: energy

text: levels

text: was

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: mere

text: mathematical

text: formalism

text: The

text: very

text: first

text: Solvay

text: Conference

text: in

text: was

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: radiation

text: and

text: quanta

text: Max

text: Planck

text: received

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Physics

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: services

text: he

text: rendered

text: to

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: Physics

text: by

text: his

text: discovery

text: of

text: energy

text: quanta

question: Einstein and what other two individuals revisited the black-body problem in 1905?

answer: Rayleigh and Jeans

text: Rayleigh and Jeans

question: Who came up with the term, "ultraviolet catastrophe"?

answer: Paul Ehrenfest

text: Paul Ehrenfest

question: When did Paul Ehrenfest come up with the name "ultraviolet catastrophe"?

answer: 1911

question: When was the first Solvay Conference held?

answer: 1911

question: Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918?

answer: Max Planck

text: Max Planck

question: What did Rayleigh & Jeans and Einstein prove independently in 1905?

answer: classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum

text: classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum

question: What name did Paul Ehrenfest give to the proofs from Einstein and Rayleigh & Jeans?

answer: the "ultraviolet catastrophe"

text: the "ultraviolet catastrophe"

question: When was the first Solvay Conference held?

answer: 1911

question: What was the topic of the first Solvay Conference?

answer: "the theory of radiation and quanta"

text: "the theory of radiation and quanta"

question: In what year did Planck receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of energy quanta?

answer: 1918

question: What other two individuals aside from Einstein revisited the black-body problem in 1945?

text: Rayleigh and Jeans

question: Who never used the term, "ultraviolet catastrophe"?

text: Paul Ehrenfest

question: When was the last Solvay Conference held?

question: Who refused the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918?

text: Max Planck

question: Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics based on the destruction of energy quanta?

text: Max Planck


text: Larry Christenson, a Lutheran theologian based in San Pedro, California, did much in the 1960s and 1970s to interpret the charismatic movement for Lutherans. A very large annual conference regarding that matter was held in Minneapolis. Charismatic Lutheran congregations in Minnesota became especially large and influential; especially "Hosanna!" in Lakeville, and North Heights in St. Paul. The next generation of Lutheran charismatics cluster around the Alliance of Renewal Churches. There is considerable charismatic activity among young Lutheran leaders in California centered around an annual gathering at Robinwood Church in Huntington Beach. Richard A. Jensen's Touched by the Spirit published in 1974, played a major role of the Lutheran understanding to the charismatic movement.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Larry

text: Christenson

text: a

text: Lutheran

text: theologian

text: based

text: in

text: San

text: Pedro

text: California

text: did

text: much

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: to

text: interpret

text: the

text: charismatic

text: movement

text: for

text: Lutherans

text: A

text: very

text: large

text: annual

text: conference

text: regarding

text: that

text: matter

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Minneapolis

text: Charismatic

text: Lutheran

text: congregations

text: in

text: Minnesota

text: became

text: especially

text: large

text: and

text: influential

text: especially

text: Hosanna

text: in

text: Lakeville

text: and

text: North

text: Heights

text: in

text: St.

text: Paul

text: The

text: next

text: generation

text: of

text: Lutheran

text: charismatics

text: cluster

text: around

text: the

text: Alliance

text: of

text: Renewal

text: Churches

text: There

text: is

text: considerable

text: charismatic

text: activity

text: among

text: young

text: Lutheran

text: leaders

text: in

text: California

text: centered

text: around

text: an

text: annual

text: gathering

text: at

text: Robinwood

text: Church

text: in

text: Huntington

text: Beach

text: Richard

text: A.

text: Jensen

text: 's

text: Touched

text: by

text: the

text: Spirit

text: published

text: in

text: played

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: understanding

text: to

text: the

text: charismatic

text: movement

question: Who helped Lutherans understand the charismatic movement in the 1960s?

answer: Larry Christenson

text: Larry Christenson

question: In what state did charismatic Lutheran congregations grow to be quite large?

answer: Minnesota

text: Minnesota

question: Where is an annual event that has quite a bit of charismatic activity?

answer: Huntington Beach

text: Huntington Beach

question: What was published in 1974?

answer: Touched by the Spirit

text: Touched by the Spirit

question: Who wrote Touched by the Spirit?

answer: Richard A. Jensen

text: Richard A. Jensen


text: The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: The

text: house

text: which

text: forms

text: the

text: architectural

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: was

text: built

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: Duke

text: of

text: Buckingham

text: and

text: Normanby

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: William

text: Winde

text: The

text: style

text: chosen

text: was

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: three

text: floored

text: central

text: block

text: with

text: two

text: smaller

text: flanking

text: service

text: wings

text: Buckingham

text: House

text: was

text: eventually

text: sold

text: by

text: Buckingham

text: 's

text: descendant

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Sheffield

text: in

text: to

text: George

text: III

text: for

text: Sheffield

text: 's

text: leasehold

text: on

text: the

text: mulberry

text: garden

text: site

text: the

text: freehold

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: still

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: expire

text: in

question: In what year did William Winde design the house which forms the core of the palace?

answer: 1703

question: Who sold Buckingham house in 1761?

answer: Sir Charles Sheffield

text: Sir Charles Sheffield

question: How much did George III pay for the house?

answer: £21,000

question: In what year was the leasehold of the Mulberry site due to expire?

answer: 1774

question: How many flanking service wings did the original Buckingham House have?

answer: two

text: two

question: The house which is the core of Buckingham was first built for who?

answer: Duke of Buckingham and Normanby

text: Duke of Buckingham and Normanby

question: Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham?

answer: William Winde

text: William Winde

question: How many flanking service wings did Buckingham House have?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?

answer: George III

text: George III

question: How much did George III pay for Buckingham House?

answer: £21,000

question: What year did William Winde burn the house which forms the core of the palace?

question: Who sold Buckingham house in 1741?

text: Sir Charles Sheffield

question: How much did George II pay for the house?

question: How many flanking service wings did the original Buckingham House remove?

text: two

question: Who bought Buckingham House in 1781?

text: George III


text: The Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time". That provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the "Statements" are currently being expressed in U.S. dollars (for example, see the 2009 Financial Report of the United States Government). The U.S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: The

text: Constitution

text: provides

text: that

text: a

text: regular

text: Statement

text: and

text: Account

text: of

text: the

text: Receipts

text: and

text: Expenditures

text: of

text: all

text: public

text: Money

text: shall

text: be

text: published

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: That

text: provision

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: is

text: made

text: specific

text: by

text: Section

text: of

text: Title

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: The

text: sums

text: of

text: money

text: reported

text: in

text: the

text: Statements

text: are

text: currently

text: being

text: expressed

text: in

text: U.S.

text: dollars

text: for

text: example

text: see

text: the

text: Financial

text: Report

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Government

text: The

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: may

text: therefore

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: unit

text: of

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What dictates that a receipt for expenditures of all public money must be published?

answer: The Constitution

text: The Constitution

question: Which section specifically states that receipts for public money must be published?

answer: Section 331

text: Section 331

question: Which currency are the sums of money in the "Statements" displayed in?

answer: U.S. dollars

text: U.S. dollars

question: What is the unit of account of the United States?

answer: U.S. dollar

text: U.S. dollar

question: What dictates that a receipt for expenditures of all public codes must be published?

text: The Constitution

question: Which section specifically states that receipts for provisions must be published?

text: Section 331

question: In which currency are the sums of provisions in the "Statements" displayed in?

text: U.S. dollars

question: What is the unit of report provisions of the United States?

text: U.S. dollar

question: What shall not be published?


text: By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: Charles

text: Town

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: bustling

text: trade

text: center

text: the

text: hub

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: trade

text: for

text: the

text: southern

text: colonies

text: Charles

text: Towne

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: south

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: in

text: part

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: lucrative

text: slave

text: trade

text: By

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: port

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

text: after

text: Boston

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: Philadelphia

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: them

text: slaves

text: By

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: colony

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: slaves

text: and

text: the

text: future

text: state

text: would

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: African

text: descent

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: Great

text: Migration

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: century

question: What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?

answer: slave trade

text: slave trade

question: When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port?

answer: 1770

question: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1708?

answer: slaves

text: slaves

question: People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement?

answer: the Great Migration

text: the Great Migration

question: When did the Great Migration occur?

answer: the early 20th century

text: the early 20th century

question: What unlucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?

text: slave trade

question: When did Charles Town become the fifth largest colonial port?

question: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1780?

text: slaves

question: People of African descent were the minority in Charleston until what mass movement?

text: the Great Migration

question: When didn't the Great Migration occur?

text: the early 20th century


text: Mahayana schools recognize all or part of the Mahayana Sutras. Some of these sutras became for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself, and faith in and veneration of those texts are stated in some sutras (e.g. the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) to lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood itself.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Mahayana

text: schools

text: recognize

text: all

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Mahayana

text: Sutras

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: sutras

text: became

text: for

text: Mahayanists

text: a

text: manifestation

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: himself

text: and

text: faith

text: in

text: and

text: veneration

text: of

text: those

text: texts

text: are

text: stated

text: in

text: some

text: sutras

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Lotus

text: Sutra

text: and

text: the

text: Mahaparinirvana

text: Sutra

text: to

text: lay

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: the

text: later

text: attainment

text: of

text: Buddhahood

text: itself

question: Mahayana schools recognize all or part of what?

answer: Mahayana Sutras

text: Mahayana Sutras

question: A few of the sutras for Mahayanists became a manifestation of who?

answer: the Buddha

text: the Buddha

question: Faith in and veneration of Mahayana are stated in what sutras?

answer: Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra

text: Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra


text: The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: The

text: period

text: known

text: as

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: states

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: Greek

text: influence

text: reached

text: its

text: zenith

text: under

text: the

text: expansive

text: empire

text: of

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: spreading

text: throughout

text: Asia

question: What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?

answer: classical antiquity

text: classical antiquity

question: What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece?

answer: city-states

text: city-states

question: Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?

answer: Alexander the Great

text: Alexander the Great

question: What era started when Alexander the Great became a self governing entity?

text: classical antiquity

question: What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Asia?

text: city-states

question: Who was responsible for bringing Asian culture to the Greek?

text: Alexander the Great

question: Where did Alexander go to spread city-states?

text: throughout Asia

question: What period began with Alexander the Great?

text: classical antiquity


text: Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Last Resort font will display a substitute glyph indicating the Unicode range of the character, and the SIL International's Unicode Fallback font will display a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Rendering

text: software

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: process

text: a

text: Unicode

text: character

text: appropriately

text: often

text: displays

text: it

text: as

text: an

text: open

text: rectangle

text: or

text: the

text: Unicode

text: replacement

text: character

text: U+FFFD

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: unrecognized

text: character

text: Some

text: systems

text: have

text: made

text: attempts

text: to

text: provide

text: more

text: information

text: about

text: such

text: characters

text: The

text: Apple

text: 's

text: Last

text: Resort

text: font

text: will

text: display

text: a

text: substitute

text: glyph

text: indicating

text: the

text: Unicode

text: range

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: and

text: the

text: SIL

text: International

text: 's

text: Unicode

text: Fallback

text: font

text: will

text: display

text: a

text: box

text: showing

text: the

text: hexadecimal

text: scalar

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: character

question: What does rendering software display when it can't process a Unicode character?

answer: open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character"

text: open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character"

question: What is the code for the Unicode replacement character?

answer: U+FFFD

text: U+FFFD

question: What is the name of Apple's font?

answer: Last Resort

text: Last Resort

question: What does SIL's Unicode Fallback font display when it can't display a character properly?

answer: a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character

text: a box showing the hexadecimal scalar value of the character

question: What company uses the Unicode Fallback font?

answer: SIL International

text: SIL International

question: What is the Unicode for an open rectangle?

text: U+FFFD

question: What company uses U+FFFD?

text: Apple

question: What is the glyph that Apple's Last Resort font displays?

question: What software by SIL cannot process unicode characters?

text: Unicode Fallback


text: Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים (Urim and Thummim) on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803, for his efforts.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Serious

text: American

text: students

text: of

text: theology

text: and

text: divinity

text: particularly

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: regarded

text: Hebrew

text: as

text: a

text: classical

text: language

text: along

text: with

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: and

text: essential

text: for

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Testament

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: words

text: The

text: Reverend

text: Ezra

text: Stiles

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: from

text: to

text: brought

text: with

text: him

text: his

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: language

text: as

text: a

text: vehicle

text: for

text: studying

text: ancient

text: Biblical

text: texts

text: in

text: their

text: original

text: language

text: as

text: was

text: common

text: in

text: other

text: schools

text: requiring

text: all

text: freshmen

text: to

text: study

text: Hebrew

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: Harvard

text: where

text: only

text: upperclassmen

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: language

text: and

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: phrase

text: אורים

text: ותמים

text: Urim

text: and

text: Thummim

text: on

text: the

text: Yale

text: seal

text: Stiles

text: greatest

text: challenge

text: occurred

text: in

text: July

text: when

text: hostile

text: British

text: forces

text: occupied

text: New

text: Haven

text: and

text: threatened

text: to

text: raze

text: the

text: College

text: However

text: Yale

text: graduate

text: Edmund

text: Fanning

text: Secretary

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: General

text: in

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: occupation

text: interceded

text: and

text: the

text: College

text: was

text: saved

text: Fanning

text: later

text: was

text: granted

text: an

text: honorary

text: degree

text: LL.D.

text: at

text: for

text: his

text: efforts

question: When was Ezra Stiles president of Yale?

answer: 1778 to 1795

text: 1778 to 1795

question: What course did Ezra Stiles require freshmen to take?

answer: Hebrew

text: Hebrew

question: When did the British threaten to take over the college?

answer: July 1779

text: July 1779

question: Who saved Yale from the British raid?

answer: Edmund Fanning

text: Edmund Fanning

question: What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services?

answer: an honorary degree LL.D

text: an honorary degree LL.D

question: When was Ezra Stiles vice president of Yale?

text: 1778 to 1795

question: What course did Ezra Stiles require seniors to take?

text: Hebrew

question: When did the British threaten to destroy the college?

text: July 1779

question: Who saved Yale from the French raid?

text: Edmund Fanning

question: What degree was Edmund Fanning stripped of for his services?

text: an honorary degree LL.D.


text: The Macintosh SE was released at the same time as the Macintosh II for $2900 (or $3900 with hard drive), as the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot. The SE's expansion slot was located inside the case along with the CRT, potentially exposing an upgrader to high voltage. For this reason, Apple recommended users bring their SE to an authorized Apple dealer to have upgrades performed. The SE also updated Jerry Manock and Terry Oyama's original design and shared the Macintosh II's Snow White design language, as well as the new Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) mouse and keyboard that had first appeared on the Apple IIGS some months earlier.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: The

text: Macintosh

text: SE

text: was

text: released

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: II

text: for

text: or

text: with

text: hard

text: drive

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: compact

text: Mac

text: with

text: a

text: MB

text: internal

text: hard

text: drive

text: and

text: an

text: expansion

text: slot

text: The

text: SE

text: 's

text: expansion

text: slot

text: was

text: located

text: inside

text: the

text: case

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: CRT

text: potentially

text: exposing

text: an

text: upgrader

text: to

text: high

text: voltage

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: Apple

text: recommended

text: users

text: bring

text: their

text: SE

text: to

text: an

text: authorized

text: Apple

text: dealer

text: to

text: have

text: upgrades

text: performed

text: The

text: SE

text: also

text: updated

text: Jerry

text: Manock

text: and

text: Terry

text: Oyama

text: 's

text: original

text: design

text: and

text: shared

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: II

text: 's

text: Snow

text: White

text: design

text: language

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: Apple

text: Desktop

text: Bus

text: ADB

text: mouse

text: and

text: keyboard

text: that

text: had

text: first

text: appeared

text: on

text: the

text: Apple

text: IIGS

text: some

text: months

text: earlier

question: When was the Macintosh SE released at the same time as?

answer: the Macintosh II

text: the Macintosh II

question: What was the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?

answer: The Macintosh SE

text: The Macintosh SE

question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh SE?

answer: $2900

question: What did the location of the SE's expansion slot potentially expose an upgrader to?

answer: high voltage

text: high voltage

question: Who did Apple suggest users go to for performing updates on their SE's?

answer: an authorized Apple dealer

text: an authorized Apple dealer

question: When was the Macintosh ES released at the same time as?

text: Macintosh II

question: What was the last compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?

text: The Macintosh SE

question: What was the first compact Mac with a 40 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?

text: The Macintosh SE

question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh ES?

question: What did the location of the ES's expansion slot potentially expose an upgrader to?

text: high voltage


text: David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: David

text: Attenborough

text: was

text: later

text: granted

text: sabbatical

text: leave

text: from

text: his

text: job

text: as

text: Controller

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: BBC

text: Natural

text: History

text: Unit

text: which

text: had

text: existed

text: since

text: the

text: This

text: unit

text: is

text: now

text: famed

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: producing

text: high

text: quality

text: programmes

text: with

text: Attenborough

text: such

text: as

text: Life

text: on

text: Earth

text: The

text: Private

text: Life

text: of

text: Plants

text: The

text: Blue

text: Planet

text: The

text: Life

text: of

text: Mammals

text: Planet

text: Earth

text: and

text: Frozen

text: Planet

question: Which group did David Attenborough join while on sabbatical?

answer: BBC Natural History Unit

text: BBC Natural History Unit

question: When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?

answer: the 1950s

text: the 1950s

question: What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit?

answer: Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet

text: Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet

question: Who joined the BBC History Unit?

text: David Attenborough

question: Who wrote Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet?

text: David Attenborough

question: When did David Attenborough take his sabbatical leave?


text: Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: Modern

text: biblical

text: scholarship

text: treats

text: the

text: account

text: in

text: the

text: synoptic

text: gospels

text: as

text: a

text: literary

text: creation

text: by

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: Mark

text: Gospel

text: amended

text: in

text: the

text: Luke

text: and

text: Matthew

text: accounts

text: intended

text: to

text: heighten

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: what

text: they

text: saw

text: as

text: a

text: theologically

text: significant

text: event

text: and

text: not

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: taken

text: literally

text: This

text: image

text: of

text: darkness

text: over

text: the

text: land

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: understood

text: by

text: ancient

text: readers

text: a

text: typical

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: kings

text: and

text: other

text: major

text: figures

text: by

text: writers

text: such

text: as

text: Philo

text: Dio

text: Cassius

text: Virgil

text: Plutarch

text: and

text: Josephus

text: Géza

text: Vermes

text: describes

text: the

text: darkness

text: account

text: as

text: typical

text: of

text: Jewish

text: eschatological

text: imagery

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: Lord

text: and

text: says

text: that

text: those

text: interpreting

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: datable

text: eclipse

text: are

text: barking

text: up

text: the

text: wrong

text: tree

question: Who created the account of Jesus?

answer: author of the Mark Gospel

text: author of the Mark Gospel

question: Who amended the account at a later date?

answer: Luke

text: Luke

question: What prompts darkness over the land in old literary works?

answer: the death of kings and other major figures

text: the death of kings and other major figures

question: What ethnicity are these literary works mostly?

answer: Jewish

text: Jewish

question: Who describes the idea of an eclipse as totally wrong?

answer: Géza Vermes

text: Géza Vermes

question: What does Philo believe those who take the image of darkness literally are doing?

text: "barking up the wrong tree"

question: What prompted Philo to become a writer?

text: a theologically significant event

question: What did Philo not intend to happen after someone read his writings?

text: to be taken literally

question: What nationality was Dio Cassius?

text: Jewish

question: What group of readers would have read works by Geza Vermes?

text: ancient readers


text: According to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] "Liberating insight" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] The mentioning of the four truths as constituting "liberating insight" introduces a logical problem, since the four truths depict a linear path of practice, the knowledge of which is in itself not depicted as being liberating.[note 34]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Mahāsaccakasutta,[note

text: from

text: the

text: fourth

text: jhana

text: the

text: Buddha

text: gained

text: bodhi

text: Yet

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: what

text: he

text: was

text: awakened

text: to.[page

text: needed

text: Liberating

text: insight

text: is

text: a

text: later

text: addition

text: to

text: this

text: text

text: and

text: reflects

text: a

text: later

text: development

text: and

text: understanding

text: in

text: early

text: Buddhism.[page

text: needed][page

text: needed

text: The

text: mentioning

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: truths

text: as

text: constituting

text: liberating

text: insight

text: introduces

text: a

text: logical

text: problem

text: since

text: the

text: four

text: truths

text: depict

text: a

text: linear

text: path

text: of

text: practice

text: the

text: knowledge

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: itself

text: not

text: depicted

text: as

text: being

text: liberating.[note

question: From which jhana did Buddha gain bodhi?

answer: fourth

text: fourth

question: A logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what?

answer: liberating insight

text: liberating insight

question: The four truths depict what type of path of practice?

answer: linear

text: linear


text: Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed. Many Beijing office towers were evacuated, including the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged. Meanwhile, a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed in Hui County, Gansu, and caught on fire after the rail was distorted.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Reporters

text: in

text: Chengdu

text: said

text: they

text: saw

text: cracks

text: on

text: walls

text: of

text: some

text: residential

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: areas

text: but

text: no

text: buildings

text: collapsed

text: Many

text: Beijing

text: office

text: towers

text: were

text: evacuated

text: including

text: the

text: building

text: housing

text: the

text: media

text: offices

text: for

text: the

text: organizers

text: of

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: of

text: the

text: Olympic

text: venues

text: were

text: damaged

text: Meanwhile

text: a

text: cargo

text: train

text: carrying

text: petrol

text: tanks

text: derailed

text: in

text: Hui

text: County

text: Gansu

text: and

text: caught

text: on

text: fire

text: after

text: the

text: rail

text: was

text: distorted

question: Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings?

answer: in Chengdu

text: in Chengdu

question: Where were office towers evacuated?

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

question: Where did a cargo train derail as a result?

answer: Hui County, Gansu

text: Hui County, Gansu

question: What happened to the cargo train?

answer: caught on fire

text: caught on fire

question: What was reported in Chengdu?

answer: cracks on walls

text: cracks on walls

question: What was evacuated in Beijing?

answer: office towers

text: office towers

question: What part of the Olympic area was not damaged?

answer: venues

text: venues

question: Where did a cargo train derail?

answer: Hui County, Gansu

text: Hui County, Gansu

question: Why did the train catch fire?

answer: rail was distorted

text: rail was distorted


text: One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon. Several anthropologists have noted that the Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a significantly different form, in most non-Western contexts. To surmount this difficulty, anthropologists of art have focused on formal features in objects which, without exclusively being 'artistic', have certain evident 'aesthetic' qualities. Boas' Primitive Art, Claude Lévi-Strauss' The Way of the Masks (1982) or Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' (1983) are some examples in this trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: problems

text: in

text: the

text: anthropology

text: of

text: art

text: concerns

text: the

text: universality

text: of

text: art

text: as

text: a

text: cultural

text: phenomenon

text: Several

text: anthropologists

text: have

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: Western

text: categories

text: of

text: painting

text: sculpture

text: or

text: literature

text: conceived

text: as

text: independent

text: artistic

text: activities

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: or

text: exist

text: in

text: a

text: significantly

text: different

text: form

text: in

text: most

text: non

text: Western

text: contexts

text: To

text: surmount

text: this

text: difficulty

text: anthropologists

text: of

text: art

text: have

text: focused

text: on

text: formal

text: features

text: in

text: objects

text: which

text: without

text: exclusively

text: being

text: artistic

text: have

text: certain

text: evident

text: aesthetic

text: qualities

text: Boas

text: Primitive

text: Art

text: Claude

text: Lévi

text: Strauss

text: The

text: Way

text: of

text: the

text: Masks

text: or

text: Geertz

text: 's

text: Art

text: as

text: Cultural

text: System

text: are

text: some

text: examples

text: in

text: this

text: trend

text: to

text: transform

text: the

text: anthropology

text: of

text: art

text: into

text: an

text: anthropology

text: of

text: culturally

text: specific

text: aesthetics

question: What is a cultural phenomenon?

answer: art

text: art

question: What have several anthropologists noted about Western artistic endeavors and their place in non-Western contexts?

answer: do not exist

text: do not exist

question: What formal features in objects do anthropologists of art focus on?

answer: evident 'aesthetic' qualities

text: evident 'aesthetic' qualities

question: When was Art as Cultural System penned?

answer: 1983

question: What is the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of?

answer: culturally specific 'aesthetics'

text: culturally specific 'aesthetics'

question: What is a central problem of the study of art?

text: 'art' as a cultural phenomenon

question: What categories of art do not exixt in most Wester contests?

question: When did Boas write The Way of the Masks?

question: What have anthropologists triet to turn the anthropology of culturally specific aesthetics into?

text: the anthropology of 'art'

question: When did Greetz write Primitive Art?