text: Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Since

text: life

text: began

text: on

text: Earth

text: five

text: major

text: mass

text: extinctions

text: and

text: several

text: minor

text: events

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: large

text: and

text: sudden

text: drops

text: in

text: biodiversity

text: The

text: Phanerozoic

text: eon

text: the

text: last

text: million

text: years

text: marked

text: a

text: rapid

text: growth

text: in

text: biodiversity

text: via

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: explosion

text: a

text: period

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: multicellular

text: phyla

text: first

text: appeared

text: The

text: next

text: million

text: years

text: included

text: repeated

text: massive

text: biodiversity

text: losses

text: classified

text: as

text: mass

text: extinction

text: events

text: In

text: the

text: Carboniferous

text: rainforest

text: collapse

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: great

text: loss

text: of

text: plant

text: and

text: animal

text: life

text: The

text: Permian

text: Triassic

text: extinction

text: event

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: was

text: the

text: worst

text: vertebrate

text: recovery

text: took

text: million

text: years

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Paleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: occurred

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: has

text: often

text: attracted

text: more

text: attention

text: than

text: others

text: because

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: dinosaurs

question: How many mass extinctions have happened since Life began on Earth?

answer: five major mass extinctions

text: five major mass extinctions

question: When was the period where the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared?

answer: the Cambrian explosion

text: the Cambrian explosion

question: What happened in the Carboniferous?

answer: rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.

text: rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.

question: When was the Permian–Triassic extinction event?

answer: 251 million years ago

text: 251 million years ago

question: How long did vertebrate recovery take?

answer: 30 million years

text: 30 million years

question: How many mass extinctions have happened since the Cambrian?

text: five major mass extinctions

question: When was the period where the majority of biodiversity appeared?

text: the Cambrian explosion

question: What happened in the several minor events?

question: When was the first Cambrian extinction event?

text: 251 million years ago

question: How long did rainforest recovery take?

text: 30 million years


text: In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the "new papists". Since the term "magister" also means "teacher", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: many

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Radical

text: Reformation

text: the

text: Magisterial

text: Reformation

text: had

text: not

text: gone

text: far

text: enough

text: Radical

text: Reformer

text: Andreas

text: von

text: Bodenstein

text: Karlstadt

text: for

text: example

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: theologians

text: at

text: Wittenberg

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: papists

text: Since

text: the

text: term

text: magister

text: also

text: means

text: teacher

text: the

text: Magisterial

text: Reformation

text: is

text: also

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: a

text: teacher

text: This

text: is

text: made

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: prominence

text: of

text: Luther

text: Calvin

text: and

text: Zwingli

text: as

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: reform

text: movements

text: in

text: their

text: respective

text: areas

text: of

text: ministry

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: authority

text: they

text: were

text: often

text: criticized

text: by

text: Radical

text: Reformers

text: as

text: being

text: too

text: much

text: like

text: the

text: Roman

text: Popes

text: A

text: more

text: political

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Radical

text: Reformation

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: thought

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: Hans

text: Hut

text: although

text: typically

text: Anabaptism

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: pacifism

question: Which reformation was seen as not being effective enough?

answer: the Magisterial Reformation

text: the Magisterial Reformation

question: What did Karlstadt call Lutheran theologians?

answer: new papists

text: new papists

question: What is another name for magister?

answer: teacher

text: teacher

question: What were reform movement leaders compared to?

answer: Roman Popes

text: Roman Popes

question: What has been linked with pacifism?

answer: Anabaptism

text: Anabaptism


text: The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year. By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, "Atlantic City's Godfather" Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the "Father of Atlantic City") to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who "were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney":

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Camden

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Railroad

text: train

text: service

text: began

text: Built

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: bay

text: this

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: direct

text: link

text: of

text: this

text: remote

text: parcel

text: of

text: land

text: with

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Absecon

text: Lighthouse

text: designed

text: by

text: George

text: Meade

text: of

text: the

text: Corps

text: of

text: Topographical

text: Engineers

text: was

text: approved

text: with

text: work

text: initiated

text: the

text: next

text: year

text: By

text: almost

text: passengers

text: a

text: year

text: were

text: coming

text: to

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: by

text: rail

text: In

text: Boardwalk

text: Empire

text: The

text: Birth

text: High

text: Times

text: and

text: Corruption

text: of

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: 's

text: Godfather

text: Nelson

text: Johnson

text: describes

text: the

text: inspiration

text: of

text: Dr.

text: Jonathan

text: Pitney

text: the

text: Father

text: of

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: to

text: develop

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: as

text: a

text: health

text: resort

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: convince

text: the

text: municipal

text: authorities

text: that

text: a

text: railroad

text: to

text: the

text: beach

text: would

text: be

text: beneficial

text: his

text: successful

text: alliance

text: with

text: Samuel

text: Richards

text: entrepreneur

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: family

text: in

text: southern

text: New

text: Jersey

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: to

text: achieve

text: that

text: goal

text: the

text: actual

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: railroad

text: and

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: riders

text: who

text: were

text: chosen

text: carefully

text: by

text: Samuel

text: Richards

text: and

text: Jonathan

text: Pitney

question: What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service?

answer: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

question: By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year?

answer: 500,000

question: What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast?

answer: Absecon Lighthouse

text: Absecon Lighthouse

question: Who is considered to be "Atlantic City's Godfather?"

answer: Nelson Johnson

text: Nelson Johnson


text: After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a "golden decade" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relating to his exiles and returns from exile in the Apology Against the Arians. However, upon Constans's death in 350, another civil war broke out, which left pro-Arian Constantius as sole emperor. An Alexandria local council in 350 replaced (or reaffirmed) Athanasius in his see.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: replacement

text: bishop

text: Gregory

text: in

text: Constans

text: used

text: his

text: influence

text: to

text: allow

text: Athanasius

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: October

text: amidst

text: the

text: enthusiastic

text: demonstrations

text: of

text: the

text: populace

text: This

text: began

text: a

text: golden

text: decade

text: of

text: peace

text: and

text: prosperity

text: during

text: which

text: time

text: Athanasius

text: assembled

text: several

text: documents

text: relating

text: to

text: his

text: exiles

text: and

text: returns

text: from

text: exile

text: in

text: the

text: Apology

text: Against

text: the

text: Arians

text: However

text: upon

text: Constans

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: another

text: civil

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: which

text: left

text: pro

text: Arian

text: Constantius

text: as

text: sole

text: emperor

text: An

text: Alexandria

text: local

text: council

text: in

text: replaced

text: or

text: reaffirmed

text: Athanasius

text: in

text: his

text: see

question: Who did he have to thank for his ability to come back to Alexandria in 345?

answer: Constans

text: Constans

question: Were the people glad to have him home?

answer: enthusiastic demonstrations

text: enthusiastic demonstrations

question: In what writing did he recount his time in exiles?

answer: Apology Against the Arians

text: Apology Against the Arians

question: What happened when Constans died?

answer: civil war

text: civil war

question: Did the new emperor agree or disagree with the Arians?

answer: pro-Arian

text: pro-Arian

question: Who was not thanked for letting him back in Alexandria?

text: Constans

question: What happened in 346?

question: When did the uncivil war happen?

question: When was Constan born?


text: The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: show

text: itself

text: is

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: households

text: in

text: the

text: Southeastern

text: United

text: States

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: watch

text: American

text: Idol

text: during

text: the

text: eighth

text: season

text: in

text: and

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Central

text: region

text: such

text: as

text: Kentucky

text: were

text: percent

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: tune

text: into

text: the

text: series

text: Data

text: from

text: Nielsen

text: SoundScan

text: a

text: music

text: sales

text: tracking

text: service

text: showed

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: million

text: CDs

text: sold

text: by

text: Idol

text: contestants

text: through

text: January

text: percent

text: were

text: by

text: contestants

text: with

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: South

question: How many CDs from American Idol contestants had been sold at the beginning of 2010?

answer: 47 million

text: 47 million

question: In the same study, how much more likely was someone from Kentucky to tune into the show?

answer: 16 percent

text: 16 percent

question: How many CDS were sold by Idol contestants up to 2010?

answer: 47 million

text: 47 million

question: Of the CDs sold, how many were by the contestants with southern ties?

answer: 85 percent

text: 85 percent


text: Red, white, and black were the colors of the German Empire from 1870 to 1918, and as such they came to be associated with German nationalism. In the 1920s they were adopted as the colors of the Nazi flag. In Mein Kampf, Hitler explained that they were "revered colors expressive of our homage to the glorious past." The red part of the flag was also chosen to attract attention - Hitler wrote: "the new flag ... should prove effective as a large poster" because "in hundreds of thousands of cases a really striking emblem may be the first cause of awakening interest in a movement." The red also symbolized the social program of the Nazis, aimed at German workers. Several designs by a number of different authors were considered, but the one adopted in the end was Hitler's personal design.

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: white

text: and

text: black

text: were

text: the

text: colors

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: they

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: German

text: nationalism

text: In

text: the

text: they

text: were

text: adopted

text: as

text: the

text: colors

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: flag

text: In

text: Mein

text: Kampf

text: Hitler

text: explained

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: revered

text: colors

text: expressive

text: of

text: our

text: homage

text: to

text: the

text: glorious

text: past

text: The

text: red

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: flag

text: was

text: also

text: chosen

text: to

text: attract

text: attention

text: Hitler

text: wrote

text: the

text: new

text: flag

text: should

text: prove

text: effective

text: as

text: a

text: large

text: poster

text: because

text: in

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: cases

text: a

text: really

text: striking

text: emblem

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: cause

text: of

text: awakening

text: interest

text: in

text: a

text: movement

text: The

text: red

text: also

text: symbolized

text: the

text: social

text: program

text: of

text: the

text: Nazis

text: aimed

text: at

text: German

text: workers

text: Several

text: designs

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: authors

text: were

text: considered

text: but

text: the

text: one

text: adopted

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: was

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: personal

text: design

question: During what time period did the German Empire use the colors red white and black?

answer: 1870 to 1918

text: 1870 to 1918

question: What did red white and black become associated with in Germany?

answer: German nationalism

text: German nationalism

question: In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag?

answer: 1920s

question: Red was chosen as part of the Nazi flag to do what?

answer: attract attention

text: attract attention

question: Whose design was the Nazi flag?

answer: Hitler's personal design

text: Hitler's personal design

question: What were the colors of the German Empire from 1818 to 1970?

text: Red, white, and black

question: What flag were the colors black, red, and white associated with in 1920?

text: Nazi

question: Who explained the colors in Kampf Mein?

text: Hitler

question: What workers was the social program of the Germans aimed at?

text: Nazis


text: To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills. The central and western Mendip Hills was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1972 and covers 198 km2 (76 sq mi). The main habitat on these hills is calcareous grassland, with some arable agriculture. To the south-west of the Somerset Levels are the Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956 which is covered in heathland, oak woodlands, ancient parklands with plantations of conifer and covers 99 square kilometres. The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire. To the north of the Mendip hills is the Chew Valley and to the south, on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Somerset

text: Levels

text: the

text: Mendip

text: Hills

text: are

text: moderately

text: high

text: limestone

text: hills

text: The

text: central

text: and

text: western

text: Mendip

text: Hills

text: was

text: designated

text: an

text: Area

text: of

text: Outstanding

text: Natural

text: Beauty

text: in

text: and

text: covers

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: main

text: habitat

text: on

text: these

text: hills

text: is

text: calcareous

text: grassland

text: with

text: some

text: arable

text: agriculture

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Somerset

text: Levels

text: are

text: the

text: Quantock

text: Hills

text: which

text: was

text: England

text: 's

text: first

text: Area

text: of

text: Outstanding

text: Natural

text: Beauty

text: designated

text: in

text: which

text: is

text: covered

text: in

text: heathland

text: oak

text: woodlands

text: ancient

text: parklands

text: with

text: plantations

text: of

text: conifer

text: and

text: covers

text: square

text: kilometres

text: The

text: Somerset

text: Coalfield

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: larger

text: coalfield

text: which

text: stretches

text: into

text: Gloucestershire

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Mendip

text: hills

text: is

text: the

text: Chew

text: Valley

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: on

text: the

text: clay

text: substrate

text: are

text: broad

text: valleys

text: which

text: support

text: dairy

text: farming

text: and

text: drain

text: into

text: the

text: Somerset

text: Levels

question: What area lies in the northeastern part of Somerset levels

answer: the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills

text: the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills

question: What area was Designated to have outstanding beauty

answer: Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956

text: Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956

question: What is the name of the coal field

answer: The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire

text: The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire

question: What area support dairy farming

answer: on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.

text: on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.

question: How much area does the Somerset Coalfield cover?

text: 198 km2

question: How much area does the Chew Valley cover?

text: 76 sq mi

question: What lies to the north-west of the Somerset Levels?

text: Quantock Hills

question: What lies to the east of the Mendip Hills?

text: Chew Valley

question: What type of trees are prevalent in the Chew Valley?

text: oak


text: After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue. The separated brothers and sisters, as he called them, were not able to contribute to the Council as invited observers. After the Council, many of them took initiative to seek out their Catholic counterparts and the Pope in Rome, who welcomed such visits. But the Catholic Church itself recognized from the many previous ecumenical encounters, that much needed to be done within, to be an open partner for ecumenism. To those who are entrusted the highest and deepest truth and therefore, so Paul VI, believed that he had the most difficult part to communicate. Ecumenical dialogue, in the view of Paul VI, requires from a Catholic the whole person: one's entire reason, will, and heart. Paul VI, like Pius XII before him, was reluctant to give in on a lowest possible point. And yet, Paul felt compelled to admit his ardent Gospel-based desire to be everything to everybody and to help all people Being the successor of Peter, he felt the words of Christ, "Do you love me more" like a sharp knife penetrating to the marrow of his soul. These words meant to Paul VI love without limits, and they underscore the Church's fundamental approach to ecumenism.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: After

text: the

text: Council

text: Paul

text: VI

text: contributed

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: to

text: the

text: continued

text: growth

text: of

text: ecumenical

text: dialogue

text: The

text: separated

text: brothers

text: and

text: sisters

text: as

text: he

text: called

text: them

text: were

text: not

text: able

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: Council

text: as

text: invited

text: observers

text: After

text: the

text: Council

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: took

text: initiative

text: to

text: seek

text: out

text: their

text: Catholic

text: counterparts

text: and

text: the

text: Pope

text: in

text: Rome

text: who

text: welcomed

text: such

text: visits

text: But

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: itself

text: recognized

text: from

text: the

text: many

text: previous

text: ecumenical

text: encounters

text: that

text: much

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: done

text: within

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: open

text: partner

text: for

text: ecumenism

text: To

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: entrusted

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: deepest

text: truth

text: and

text: therefore

text: so

text: Paul

text: VI

text: believed

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: most

text: difficult

text: part

text: to

text: communicate

text: Ecumenical

text: dialogue

text: in

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: requires

text: from

text: a

text: Catholic

text: the

text: whole

text: person

text: one

text: 's

text: entire

text: reason

text: will

text: and

text: heart

text: Paul

text: VI

text: like

text: Pius

text: XII

text: before

text: him

text: was

text: reluctant

text: to

text: give

text: in

text: on

text: a

text: lowest

text: possible

text: point

text: And

text: yet

text: Paul

text: felt

text: compelled

text: to

text: admit

text: his

text: ardent

text: Gospel

text: based

text: desire

text: to

text: be

text: everything

text: to

text: everybody

text: and

text: to

text: help

text: all

text: people

text: Being

text: the

text: successor

text: of

text: Peter

text: he

text: felt

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: Christ

text: Do

text: you

text: love

text: me

text: more

text: like

text: a

text: sharp

text: knife

text: penetrating

text: to

text: the

text: marrow

text: of

text: his

text: soul

text: These

text: words

text: meant

text: to

text: Paul

text: VI

text: love

text: without

text: limits

text: and

text: they

text: underscore

text: the

text: Church

text: 's

text: fundamental

text: approach

text: to

text: ecumenism

question: In what city did the pope encourage visits from Catholics from other countries?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: In how many ways did Paul VI contribute to an ecumenical dialogue between Catholics?

answer: two

text: two

question: In Paul VI's view what does the Catholic ecumenical dialogue require from someone?

answer: whole person

text: whole person

question: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?

answer: whole

text: whole

question: To what historical figure can the words "Do you love me more" be attributed?

answer: Christ

text: Christ


text: In the United States, there was a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa. The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 in Washington, DC for this purpose, by a group of prominent politicians and slaveholders. But its membership grew to include mostly people who supported abolition of slavery. Slaveholders wanted to get free people of color out of the South, where they were thought to threaten the stability of the slave societies. Some abolitionists collaborated on relocation of free blacks, as they were discouraged by discrimination against them in the North and believed they would never be accepted in the larger society. Most African Americans, who were native-born by this time, wanted to improve conditions in the United States rather than emigrate. Leading activists in the North strongly opposed the ACS, but some free blacks were ready to try a different environment.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: movement

text: to

text: resettle

text: American

text: free

text: blacks

text: and

text: freed

text: slaves

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: American

text: Colonization

text: Society

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: Washington

text: DC

text: for

text: this

text: purpose

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: prominent

text: politicians

text: and

text: slaveholders

text: But

text: its

text: membership

text: grew

text: to

text: include

text: mostly

text: people

text: who

text: supported

text: abolition

text: of

text: slavery

text: Slaveholders

text: wanted

text: to

text: get

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: thought

text: to

text: threaten

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: the

text: slave

text: societies

text: Some

text: abolitionists

text: collaborated

text: on

text: relocation

text: of

text: free

text: blacks

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: discouraged

text: by

text: discrimination

text: against

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: believed

text: they

text: would

text: never

text: be

text: accepted

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: society

text: Most

text: African

text: Americans

text: who

text: were

text: native

text: born

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: wanted

text: to

text: improve

text: conditions

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: rather

text: than

text: emigrate

text: Leading

text: activists

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: strongly

text: opposed

text: the

text: ACS

text: but

text: some

text: free

text: blacks

text: were

text: ready

text: to

text: try

text: a

text: different

text: environment

question: What is "the american colonization society"?

answer: a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa.

text: a movement to resettle American free blacks and freed slaves in Africa.

question: When was the "american colonization society founded"?

answer: 1816

question: The "american colonization society" consisted mostly of whom"

answer: people who supported abolition of slavery

text: people who supported abolition of slavery

question: What did slave holders want to do?

answer: to get free people of color out of the South

text: to get free people of color out of the South

question: rather than emigrate African Americans wanted to do what?

answer: improve conditions in the United States

text: improve conditions in the United States

question: What group colonized Central America?

text: The American Colonization Society

question: What city helped enfranchise former slaves?

text: Washington, DC

question: How did many African Americans feel after the abolition of slavery?

question: Who preferred to live in the North?

text: Most African Americans

question: What did leading activists in the North want to do?


text: During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down repeated, the base penalty (except during convert attempts) becomes loss of down on first or second down, and 10 yards on third down with the down repeated. In addition, as noted previously, the referee can give possession to the defence for repeated deliberate time count violations on third down.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: three

text: minutes

text: of

text: a

text: half

text: the

text: penalty

text: for

text: failure

text: to

text: place

text: the

text: ball

text: in

text: play

text: within

text: the

text: play

text: clock

text: known

text: as

text: time

text: count

text: this

text: foul

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: delay

text: of

text: game

text: in

text: American

text: football

text: is

text: dramatically

text: different

text: from

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: minutes

text: Instead

text: of

text: the

text: penalty

text: being

text: yards

text: with

text: the

text: down

text: repeated

text: the

text: base

text: penalty

text: except

text: during

text: convert

text: attempts

text: becomes

text: loss

text: of

text: down

text: on

text: first

text: or

text: second

text: down

text: and

text: yards

text: on

text: third

text: down

text: with

text: the

text: down

text: repeated

text: In

text: addition

text: as

text: noted

text: previously

text: the

text: referee

text: can

text: give

text: possession

text: to

text: the

text: defence

text: for

text: repeated

text: deliberate

text: time

text: count

text: violations

text: on

text: third

text: down

question: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?

answer: last three minutes of a half

text: last three minutes of a half

question: How many seconds elapse before a time count penalty is assessed?

answer: 20

question: What is the penalty for a time count on the first two downs?

answer: loss of down

text: loss of down

question: Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?

answer: referee

text: referee

question: How many yards does the offense lose for a time count on third down?

answer: 10

question: What is the penalty in American football for not having the down repeated within 20 seconds?

text: delay of game

question: What is the penalty for convert attempts on the first two downs?

text: loss of down

question: For what violation can the referee give the base penalty to the defense?

question: How many yards does the loss of down lose on third down?

question: On what down can the 20 second play clock give possession to the defense?

text: third down


text: While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: While

text: Harkness

text: original

text: colleges

text: were

text: Georgian

text: Revival

text: or

text: Collegiate

text: Gothic

text: in

text: style

text: two

text: colleges

text: constructed

text: in

text: the

text: Morse

text: and

text: Ezra

text: Stiles

text: Colleges

text: have

text: modernist

text: designs

text: All

text: twelve

text: college

text: quadrangles

text: are

text: organized

text: around

text: a

text: courtyard

text: and

text: each

text: has

text: a

text: dining

text: hall

text: courtyard

text: library

text: common

text: room

text: and

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: student

text: facilities

text: The

text: twelve

text: colleges

text: are

text: named

text: for

text: important

text: alumni

text: or

text: significant

text: places

text: in

text: university

text: history

text: In

text: the

text: university

text: expects

text: to

text: open

text: two

text: new

text: colleges

text: near

text: Science

text: Hill

question: In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges?

answer: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic

text: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic

question: Which two residential colleges are of modernist style?

answer: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges

text: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges

question: What are Yale's colleges encircling?

answer: a courtyard

text: a courtyard

question: Who are the Yale colleges named after?

answer: important alumni or significant places in university history

text: important alumni or significant places in university history

question: In what year does the university expect to open two more colleges?

answer: 2017

question: In what architectural styles weren't Harkness' original colleges?

text: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic

question: Which three residential colleges are of modernist style?

text: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges

question: What are Yale's colleges encircled by?

text: a courtyard

question: Who aren't the Yale colleges named after?

question: In what year does the university expect to close two more colleges?


text: In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, behind the park system of Minneapolis. ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of city residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: In

text: its

text: ParkScore

text: ranking

text: The

text: Trust

text: for

text: Public

text: Land

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: park

text: system

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: best

text: park

text: system

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: U.S.

text: cities

text: behind

text: the

text: park

text: system

text: of

text: Minneapolis

text: ParkScore

text: ranks

text: urban

text: park

text: systems

text: by

text: a

text: formula

text: that

text: analyzes

text: median

text: park

text: size

text: park

text: acres

text: as

text: percent

text: of

text: city

text: area

text: the

text: percent

text: of

text: city

text: residents

text: within

text: a

text: half

text: mile

text: of

text: a

text: park

text: spending

text: of

text: park

text: services

text: per

text: resident

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: playgrounds

text: per

text: residents

question: What city was rated as having the best park system by The Trust for Public Land?

answer: Minneapolis

text: Minneapolis

question: What city had the second highest ParkScore rating?

answer: New York City

text: New York City

question: The 2013 ParkScore rating for NYC made NYC second in best park system to what other US city?

answer: Minneapolis

text: Minneapolis


text: To prevent the risk of out-of-phase supplies mixing, sections of line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated. This is achieved by Neutral Sections (also known as Phase Breaks), usually provided at feeder stations and midway between them although, typically, only half are in use at any time, the others being provided to allow a feeder station to be shut down and power provided from adjacent feeder stations. Neutral Sections usually consist of an earthed section of wire which is separated from the live wires on either side by insulating material, typically ceramic beads, designed so that the pantograph will smoothly run from one section to the other. The earthed section prevents an arc being drawn from one live section to the other, as the voltage difference may be higher than the normal system voltage if the live sections are on different phases and the protective circuit breakers may not be able to safely interrupt the considerable current that would flow. To prevent the risk of an arc being drawn across from one section of wire to earth, when passing through the neutral section, the train must be coasting and the circuit breakers must be open. In many cases, this is done manually by the drivers. To help them, a warning board is provided just before both the neutral section and an advance warning some distance before. A further board is then provided after the neutral section to tell drivers to re-close the circuit breaker, although drivers must not do this until the rear pantograph has passed this board. In the UK, a system known as Automatic Power Control (APC) automatically opens and closes the circuit breaker, this being achieved by using sets of permanent magnets alongside the track communicating with a detector on the train. The only action needed by the driver is to shut off power and coast and therefore warning boards are still provided at and on the approach to neutral sections.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: To

text: prevent

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: out

text: of

text: phase

text: supplies

text: mixing

text: sections

text: of

text: line

text: fed

text: from

text: different

text: feeder

text: stations

text: must

text: be

text: kept

text: strictly

text: isolated

text: This

text: is

text: achieved

text: by

text: Neutral

text: Sections

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Phase

text: Breaks

text: usually

text: provided

text: at

text: feeder

text: stations

text: and

text: midway

text: between

text: them

text: although

text: typically

text: only

text: half

text: are

text: in

text: use

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: provided

text: to

text: allow

text: a

text: feeder

text: station

text: to

text: be

text: shut

text: down

text: and

text: power

text: provided

text: from

text: adjacent

text: feeder

text: stations

text: Neutral

text: Sections

text: usually

text: consist

text: of

text: an

text: earthed

text: section

text: of

text: wire

text: which

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: live

text: wires

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: by

text: insulating

text: material

text: typically

text: ceramic

text: beads

text: designed

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: pantograph

text: will

text: smoothly

text: run

text: from

text: one

text: section

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: The

text: earthed

text: section

text: prevents

text: an

text: arc

text: being

text: drawn

text: from

text: one

text: live

text: section

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: as

text: the

text: voltage

text: difference

text: may

text: be

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: normal

text: system

text: voltage

text: if

text: the

text: live

text: sections

text: are

text: on

text: different

text: phases

text: and

text: the

text: protective

text: circuit

text: breakers

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: safely

text: interrupt

text: the

text: considerable

text: current

text: that

text: would

text: flow

text: To

text: prevent

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: an

text: arc

text: being

text: drawn

text: across

text: from

text: one

text: section

text: of

text: wire

text: to

text: earth

text: when

text: passing

text: through

text: the

text: neutral

text: section

text: the

text: train

text: must

text: be

text: coasting

text: and

text: the

text: circuit

text: breakers

text: must

text: be

text: open

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: this

text: is

text: done

text: manually

text: by

text: the

text: drivers

text: To

text: help

text: them

text: a

text: warning

text: board

text: is

text: provided

text: just

text: before

text: both

text: the

text: neutral

text: section

text: and

text: an

text: advance

text: warning

text: some

text: distance

text: before

text: A

text: further

text: board

text: is

text: then

text: provided

text: after

text: the

text: neutral

text: section

text: to

text: tell

text: drivers

text: to

text: re

text: close

text: the

text: circuit

text: breaker

text: although

text: drivers

text: must

text: not

text: do

text: this

text: until

text: the

text: rear

text: pantograph

text: has

text: passed

text: this

text: board

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: a

text: system

text: known

text: as

text: Automatic

text: Power

text: Control

text: APC

text: automatically

text: opens

text: and

text: closes

text: the

text: circuit

text: breaker

text: this

text: being

text: achieved

text: by

text: using

text: sets

text: of

text: permanent

text: magnets

text: alongside

text: the

text: track

text: communicating

text: with

text: a

text: detector

text: on

text: the

text: train

text: The

text: only

text: action

text: needed

text: by

text: the

text: driver

text: is

text: to

text: shut

text: off

text: power

text: and

text: coast

text: and

text: therefore

text: warning

text: boards

text: are

text: still

text: provided

text: at

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: approach

text: to

text: neutral

text: sections

question: What was the main requirement for electric feeder stations?

answer: line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated

text: line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated

question: What invention prevented lines from getting mixed?

answer: Phase Breaks

text: Phase Breaks

question: What was the part of wire in Phase Break sections an arc being drawn from one wire to another?

answer: The earthed section

text: The earthed section

question: How were the drivers warned to start coasting the train?

answer: warning board

text: warning board

question: What should the driver do in order to open and close the circuit breaker?

answer: to shut off power and coast

text: to shut off power and coast

question: Charged Sections consist of an earthed section of what?

text: wire

question: In the US, a system known as Automatic Power Control does what?

question: Typically what are in use all the time?

text: Neutral Sections

question: The earthed section allows for what?

question: What must not be coasting to prevent the risk of an arc being drawn?

text: the train


text: The Paleozoic spanned from roughly 541 to 252 million years ago (Ma) and is subdivided into six geologic periods; from oldest to youngest they are the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Geologically, the Paleozoic starts shortly after the breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia and at the end of a global ice age. Throughout the early Paleozoic, the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents. Toward the end of the era the continents gathered together into a supercontinent called Pangaea, which included most of the Earth's land area.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: The

text: Paleozoic

text: spanned

text: from

text: roughly

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Ma

text: and

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: six

text: geologic

text: periods

text: from

text: oldest

text: to

text: youngest

text: they

text: are

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Ordovician

text: Silurian

text: Devonian

text: Carboniferous

text: and

text: Permian

text: Geologically

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: starts

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: a

text: supercontinent

text: called

text: Pannotia

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: global

text: ice

text: age

text: Throughout

text: the

text: early

text: Paleozoic

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: landmass

text: was

text: broken

text: up

text: into

text: a

text: substantial

text: number

text: of

text: relatively

text: small

text: continents

text: Toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: the

text: continents

text: gathered

text: together

text: into

text: a

text: supercontinent

text: called

text: Pangaea

text: which

text: included

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: land

text: area

question: During what period was the Paleozoic era?

answer: 541 to 252 million years ago

text: 541 to 252 million years ago

question: How many periods of geology are within the Paleozoic era?

answer: six

text: six

question: The Permian is an example of what?

answer: geologic periods

text: geologic periods

question: After what continental event did the Paleozoic begin?

answer: breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia

text: breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia

question: What continent was formed at the end of the Paleozoic?

answer: Pangaea

text: Pangaea

question: What period ended 541 million years ago?

text: The Paleozoic

question: What period started right before the breakup of Pannotia?

text: Paleozoic

question: What was the scope of the ice age that began at the same time as the Paleozoic period?

text: global

question: What was the name of the superconinent that formed at the begining of the Paleozoic?

text: Pangaea,

question: What did Pangea break into at the end of the Paleozoic?


text: The Office of Government Information Services (OGIS) is a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) resource for the public and the government. Congress has charged NARA with reviewing FOIA policies, procedures and compliance of Federal agencies and to recommend changes to FOIA. NARA's mission also includes resolving FOIA disputes between Federal agencies and requesters.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: The

text: Office

text: of

text: Government

text: Information

text: Services

text: OGIS

text: is

text: a

text: Freedom

text: of

text: Information

text: Act

text: FOIA

text: resource

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: Congress

text: has

text: charged

text: NARA

text: with

text: reviewing

text: FOIA

text: policies

text: procedures

text: and

text: compliance

text: of

text: Federal

text: agencies

text: and

text: to

text: recommend

text: changes

text: to

text: FOIA

text: NARA

text: 's

text: mission

text: also

text: includes

text: resolving

text: FOIA

text: disputes

text: between

text: Federal

text: agencies

text: and

text: requesters

question: OGIS provides what resource for the government and public?

answer: FOIA

text: FOIA

question: What type of dispute does NARA typically resolve?

answer: FOIA disputes

text: FOIA disputes

question: NARA is ordered by congress to review what type of policies?

answer: FOIA policies

text: FOIA policies

question: What types of recommendations does NARA provide to congress?

answer: changes to FOIA

text: changes to FOIA

question: What types of disputes do Federal agencies usually solve?

text: FOIA disputes

question: What type of policies does NARA have Congress review annually?

text: FOIA policies

question: What does NARA have Congress also recommend if needed?

text: changes to FOIA

question: What groups does Congress make itself a resource for?

text: the public and the government

question: What groups does the public make sure are in compliance with FOIA?

text: Federal agencies


text: The three brothers—Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor—established themselves in Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk, respectively. Two of the brothers died, and Rurik became the sole ruler of the territory and progenitor of the Rurik Dynasty. A short time later, two of Rurik’s men, Askold and Dir, asked him for permission to go to Tsargrad (Constantinople). On their way south, they discovered "a small city on a hill," Kiev, captured it and the surrounding country from the Khazars, populated the region with more Varangians, and "established their dominion over the country of the Polyanians."

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: The

text: three

text: brothers

text: Rurik

text: Sineus

text: and

text: Truvor

text: established

text: themselves

text: in

text: Novgorod

text: Beloozero

text: and

text: Izborsk

text: respectively

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: brothers

text: died

text: and

text: Rurik

text: became

text: the

text: sole

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: and

text: progenitor

text: of

text: the

text: Rurik

text: Dynasty

text: A

text: short

text: time

text: later

text: two

text: of

text: Rurik

text: ’s

text: men

text: Askold

text: and

text: Dir

text: asked

text: him

text: for

text: permission

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: Tsargrad

text: Constantinople

text: On

text: their

text: way

text: south

text: they

text: discovered

text: a

text: small

text: city

text: on

text: a

text: hill

text: Kiev

text: captured

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: country

text: from

text: the

text: Khazars

text: populated

text: the

text: region

text: with

text: more

text: Varangians

text: and

text: established

text: their

text: dominion

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Polyanians

question: What were the names of the three brothers that rulled Novgotod, Beloozero, and Izborsk?

answer: Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor

text: Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor

question: Whoch of the three brothers become the sole ruller over all three of the teritories?

answer: Rurik

text: Rurik

question: What was the name of the small city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men?

answer: Kiev

text: Kiev

question: What were the names of the three sisters that ruled Novgorod, Beloozero, and Izborsk?

text: Rurik, Sineus, and Truvor

question: Which of the three sisters became the sole ruler over all three of the territories?

text: Rurik

question: Which two sisters died?

text: Sineus, and Truvor

question: What was the name of the large city on the hill that was discovered by Rurik's men?

text: Kiev

question: What two women asked for permission to go to Tsargrad?

text: Askold and Dir


text: The Second Sino-Japanese War had seen tensions rise between Imperial Japan and the United States; events such as the Panay incident and the Nanking Massacre turned American public opinion against Japan. With the occupation of French Indochina in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United States placed embargoes on Japan of strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil, which were vitally needed for the war effort. The Japanese were faced with the option of either withdrawing from China and losing face or seizing and securing new sources of raw materials in the resource-rich, European-controlled colonies of South East Asia—specifically British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). In 1940, Imperial Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Second

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: had

text: seen

text: tensions

text: rise

text: between

text: Imperial

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: events

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Panay

text: incident

text: and

text: the

text: Nanking

text: Massacre

text: turned

text: American

text: public

text: opinion

text: against

text: Japan

text: With

text: the

text: occupation

text: of

text: French

text: Indochina

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: of

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: continuing

text: war

text: in

text: China

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: placed

text: embargoes

text: on

text: Japan

text: of

text: strategic

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: scrap

text: metal

text: and

text: oil

text: which

text: were

text: vitally

text: needed

text: for

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: The

text: Japanese

text: were

text: faced

text: with

text: the

text: option

text: of

text: either

text: withdrawing

text: from

text: China

text: and

text: losing

text: face

text: or

text: seizing

text: and

text: securing

text: new

text: sources

text: of

text: raw

text: materials

text: in

text: the

text: resource

text: rich

text: European

text: controlled

text: colonies

text: of

text: South

text: East

text: Asia

text: specifically

text: British

text: Malaya

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indies

text: modern

text: day

text: Indonesia

text: In

text: Imperial

text: Japan

text: signed

text: the

text: Tripartite

text: Pact

text: with

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: and

text: Fascist

text: Italy

question: What war saw tensions arise between between Imperial Japan and the United States?

answer: The Second Sino-Japanese War

text: The Second Sino-Japanese War

question: What did the United States place on Japans war efforts?

answer: embargoes

text: embargoes

question: What did the American Embargoes prevent Japan from aquiring?

answer: strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil

text: strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil

question: Who did Imperial Japan sign a Tripartite pact with?

answer: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

text: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.


text: After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revolt of several of their Latin allies in the Latin War. Rome beat the Latins in the Battle of Vesuvius and again in the Battle of Trifanum, after which the Latin cities were obliged to submit to Roman rule.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: After

text: recovering

text: surprisingly

text: fast

text: from

text: the

text: sack

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: Romans

text: immediately

text: resumed

text: their

text: expansion

text: within

text: Italy

text: The

text: First

text: Samnite

text: War

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: was

text: relatively

text: short

text: the

text: Romans

text: beat

text: the

text: Samnites

text: in

text: two

text: battles

text: but

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: withdraw

text: before

text: they

text: could

text: pursue

text: the

text: conflict

text: further

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: revolt

text: of

text: several

text: of

text: their

text: Latin

text: allies

text: in

text: the

text: Latin

text: War

text: Rome

text: beat

text: the

text: Latins

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Vesuvius

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Trifanum

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: Latin

text: cities

text: were

text: obliged

text: to

text: submit

text: to

text: Roman

text: rule

question: What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: How many battles were conducted by Rome before they were forced to flee in The First Samnite War?

answer: two battles

text: two battles

question: What caused the Romans early withdrawl in The First Samnite War?

answer: revolt of several of their Latin allies

text: revolt of several of their Latin allies

question: When did The First Samnite War end?

answer: 341 BC

text: 341 BC

question: Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius?

answer: Latins

text: Latins


text: The City Parliament (de: Stadtrat, fr: Conseil de ville) holds legislative power. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every four years. The City Parliament decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: City

text: Parliament

text: de

text: Stadtrat

text: fr

text: Conseil

text: de

text: ville

text: holds

text: legislative

text: power

text: It

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: members

text: with

text: elections

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: The

text: City

text: Parliament

text: decrees

text: regulations

text: and

text: by

text: laws

text: that

text: are

text: executed

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: administration

text: The

text: delegates

text: are

text: selected

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: proportional

text: representation

question: Who holds the legislative power?

answer: The City Parliament

text: The City Parliament

question: How many members are part of the City Parliament?

answer: 80

question: How often are elections held for the City Parliament?

answer: every four years.

text: every four years.


text: Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, "George Bush doesn't care about black people." At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds. Still, West's comment reached much of the United States.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: Myers

text: spoke

text: next

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: read

text: the

text: script

text: Once

text: it

text: was

text: West

text: 's

text: turn

text: to

text: speak

text: again

text: he

text: said

text: George

text: Bush

text: does

text: n't

text: care

text: about

text: black

text: people

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: telethon

text: producer

text: Rick

text: Kaplan

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: microphone

text: and

text: then

text: cut

text: away

text: to

text: Chris

text: Tucker

text: who

text: was

text: unaware

text: of

text: the

text: cut

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: seconds

text: Still

text: West

text: 's

text: comment

text: reached

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What happened after Kanye made his controversial statement?

answer: Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker

text: Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker

question: Who did Kanye West say doesn't care about black people?

answer: George Bush

text: George Bush


text: Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the steadily increasing size and weight of military aircraft over the years. Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive that nations which operate them risk significant political, economic, and military impact if a carrier is lost, or even used in conflict.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: Since

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: designs

text: have

text: increased

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: accommodate

text: a

text: steady

text: increase

text: in

text: aircraft

text: size

text: The

text: large

text: modern

text: Nimitz

text: class

text: of

text: US

text: carriers

text: has

text: a

text: displacement

text: nearly

text: four

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: era

text: USS

text: Enterprise

text: yet

text: its

text: complement

text: of

text: aircraft

text: is

text: roughly

text: the

text: same

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: steadily

text: increasing

text: size

text: and

text: weight

text: of

text: military

text: aircraft

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: Today

text: 's

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: are

text: so

text: expensive

text: that

text: nations

text: which

text: operate

text: them

text: risk

text: significant

text: political

text: economic

text: and

text: military

text: impact

text: if

text: a

text: carrier

text: is

text: lost

text: or

text: even

text: used

text: in

text: conflict

question: Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II?

answer: to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size

text: to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size

question: How much more displacement does the modern Nimitz class have compared to the older USS Enterprise?

answer: nearly four times

text: nearly four times

question: Why do nations risk significant political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict?

answer: Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive

text: Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive

question: Which era does the USS Enterprise belong to?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War I?

question: How much more displacement does the modern Nimitz class have compared to the newer USS Enterprise?

text: nearly four times

question: Why do nations risk minimal political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict?

question: Which era does the USA Enterprise belong to?

text: World War II

question: Today's aircraft carriers are so cheap that nations which operate them risk what?


text: Ann Arbor's residential neighborhoods contain architectural styles ranging from classic 19th-century and early-20th-century designs to ranch-style houses. Among these homes are a number of kit houses built in the early 20th century. Contemporary-style houses are farther from the downtown district. Surrounding the University of Michigan campus are houses and apartment complexes occupied primarily by student renters. Tower Plaza, a 26-story condominium building located between the University of Michigan campus and downtown, is the tallest building in Ann Arbor. The 19th-century buildings and streetscape of the Old West Side neighborhood have been preserved virtually intact; in 1972, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and it is further protected by city ordinances and a nonprofit preservation group.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: 's

text: residential

text: neighborhoods

text: contain

text: architectural

text: styles

text: ranging

text: from

text: classic

text: century

text: and

text: century

text: designs

text: to

text: ranch

text: style

text: houses

text: Among

text: these

text: homes

text: are

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: kit

text: houses

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Contemporary

text: style

text: houses

text: are

text: farther

text: from

text: the

text: downtown

text: district

text: Surrounding

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: campus

text: are

text: houses

text: and

text: apartment

text: complexes

text: occupied

text: primarily

text: by

text: student

text: renters

text: Tower

text: Plaza

text: a

text: condominium

text: building

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: campus

text: and

text: downtown

text: is

text: the

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: The

text: century

text: buildings

text: and

text: streetscape

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: West

text: Side

text: neighborhood

text: have

text: been

text: preserved

text: virtually

text: intact

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: was

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: further

text: protected

text: by

text: city

text: ordinances

text: and

text: a

text: nonprofit

text: preservation

text: group

question: Which century does the Kit houses belong to?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: Who primarily occupies the complexes surrounding the University?

answer: student renters

text: student renters

question: Which is the tallest building in Ann Arbor?

answer: Tower Plaza

text: Tower Plaza

question: When was the city listed on the National Register of historic Places?

answer: 1972

question: What 62-story condominium is the tallest building in Ann Arbor?

text: Tower Plaza

question: In 1927, the Old West Side neighborhood was placed on what list?

text: National Register of Historic Places

question: Kit houses were built late in what century?

text: 20th century

question: What 62-story condominium is located between the University of Michigan campus and downtown?

text: Tower Plaza


text: Soul and disco influenced house music, plus mixing and editing techniques earlier explored by disco, garage music and post-disco DJs, producers, and audio engineers such as Walter Gibbons, Tom Moulton, Jim Burgess, Larry Levan, Ron Hardy, M & M, and others who produced longer, more repetitive, and percussive arrangements of existing disco recordings. Early house producers such as Frankie Knuckles created similar compositions from scratch, using samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Soul

text: and

text: disco

text: influenced

text: house

text: music

text: plus

text: mixing

text: and

text: editing

text: techniques

text: earlier

text: explored

text: by

text: disco

text: garage

text: music

text: and

text: post

text: disco

text: DJs

text: producers

text: and

text: audio

text: engineers

text: such

text: as

text: Walter

text: Gibbons

text: Tom

text: Moulton

text: Jim

text: Burgess

text: Larry

text: Levan

text: Ron

text: Hardy

text: M

text: M

text: and

text: others

text: who

text: produced

text: longer

text: more

text: repetitive

text: and

text: percussive

text: arrangements

text: of

text: existing

text: disco

text: recordings

text: Early

text: house

text: producers

text: such

text: as

text: Frankie

text: Knuckles

text: created

text: similar

text: compositions

text: from

text: scratch

text: using

text: samplers

text: synthesizers

text: sequencers

text: and

text: drum

text: machines

question: What influenced House music?

answer: Soul and disco

text: Soul and disco

question: What type of producer was Frankie Knuckles?

answer: Early house producers

text: Early house producers

question: what did Frankie Knuckles use to create his compositions?

answer: samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines

text: samplers, synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines

question: What influenced Drum music?

text: Soul and disco

question: What type of producer was Larry Levan?

text: Early house producers

question: What did Larry Levan use to create his composition?

question: Who produced longer arrangements of drum recordings?

text: audio engineers

question: What audio engineers created drum machines?


text: The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: The

text: native

text: language

text: of

text: Germans

text: is

text: German

text: a

text: West

text: Germanic

text: language

text: related

text: to

text: and

text: classified

text: alongside

text: English

text: and

text: Dutch

text: and

text: sharing

text: many

text: similarities

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Scandinavian

text: languages

text: Spoken

text: by

text: approximately

text: million

text: native

text: speakers

text: German

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: major

text: languages

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: first

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: German

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: language

text: of

text: science

text: related

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: laureates

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: lingua

text: franca

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

question: What is the native language of Germans?

answer: German

text: German

question: What languages is German related to?

answer: English and Dutch

text: English and Dutch

question: How many natives speak German?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million

question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?

answer: German

text: German

question: What is the dominant language of science?

answer: English

text: English

question: How many people speak German around the world?

text: 100 million

question: What is the most widely spoken language around the world?

text: German

question: Where has German replaced English as the dominant language?

question: What was English the dominant language of before the 20th century?

text: science-related Nobel Prize laureates


text: Iranian art encompasses many disciplines, including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking, and stonemasonry. The Median and Achaemenid empires left a significant classical art scene which remained as basic influences for the art of the later eras. Art of the Parthians was a mixture of Iranian and Hellenistic artworks, with their main motifs being scenes of royal hunting expeditions and investitures. The Sassanid art played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art, which carried forward to the Islamic world, and much of what later became known as Islamic learning, such as philology, literature, jurisprudence, philosophy, medicine, architecture, and science, were of Sassanid basis.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Iranian

text: art

text: encompasses

text: many

text: disciplines

text: including

text: architecture

text: painting

text: weaving

text: pottery

text: calligraphy

text: metalworking

text: and

text: stonemasonry

text: The

text: Median

text: and

text: Achaemenid

text: empires

text: left

text: a

text: significant

text: classical

text: art

text: scene

text: which

text: remained

text: as

text: basic

text: influences

text: for

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: eras

text: Art

text: of

text: the

text: Parthians

text: was

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: Iranian

text: and

text: Hellenistic

text: artworks

text: with

text: their

text: main

text: motifs

text: being

text: scenes

text: of

text: royal

text: hunting

text: expeditions

text: and

text: investitures

text: The

text: Sassanid

text: art

text: played

text: a

text: prominent

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: both

text: European

text: and

text: Asian

text: medieval

text: art

text: which

text: carried

text: forward

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: world

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: what

text: later

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Islamic

text: learning

text: such

text: as

text: philology

text: literature

text: jurisprudence

text: philosophy

text: medicine

text: architecture

text: and

text: science

text: were

text: of

text: Sassanid

text: basis

question: The Achaemind Empire along with what other group became the foundation for the art in later Iranian history?

answer: The Median

text: The Median

question: A blend of Iranian and what other type of artwork were the Parthians' art comprised of?

answer: Hellenistic

text: Hellenistic

question: What Iranian art played a major role in the formation of medieval art from Europe and Asia?

answer: Sassanid art

text: Sassanid art

question: The Sassanid became a cornerstone of what type of learning?

answer: Islamic learning

text: Islamic learning


text: Acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, are resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures. The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria, is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is the Ziehl-Neelsen stain or acid-fast stain, in which the acid-fast bacilli are stained bright-red and stand out clearly against a blue background. L-form bacteria are strains of bacteria that lack cell walls. The main pathogenic bacteria in this class is Mycoplasma (not to be confused with Mycobacteria).

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Acid

text: fast

text: bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Mycobacteria

text: are

text: resistant

text: to

text: decolorization

text: by

text: acids

text: during

text: staining

text: procedures

text: The

text: high

text: mycolic

text: acid

text: content

text: of

text: Mycobacteria

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: staining

text: pattern

text: of

text: poor

text: absorption

text: followed

text: by

text: high

text: retention

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: staining

text: technique

text: used

text: to

text: identify

text: acid

text: fast

text: bacteria

text: is

text: the

text: Ziehl

text: Neelsen

text: stain

text: or

text: acid

text: fast

text: stain

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: acid

text: fast

text: bacilli

text: are

text: stained

text: bright

text: red

text: and

text: stand

text: out

text: clearly

text: against

text: a

text: blue

text: background

text: L

text: form

text: bacteria

text: are

text: strains

text: of

text: bacteria

text: that

text: lack

text: cell

text: walls

text: The

text: main

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: in

text: this

text: class

text: is

text: Mycoplasma

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Mycobacteria

question: What helps Mycobacteria be resistant to decolorization?

answer: high mycolic acid content

text: high mycolic acid content

question: What is mycolic acid is responsible for in Mycobacteria?

answer: staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention.

text: staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention.

question: What is the most typical staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria?

answer: Ziehl-Neelsen stain

text: Ziehl-Neelsen stain

question: What is the main pathogenic bacteria in L-form class ?

answer: Mycoplasma

text: Mycoplasma


text: The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance. UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center) (CCU). The CCU also houses the National Library, the interactive Universum, Museo de las Ciencias, the Sala Nezahualcóyotl concert hall, several theatres and cinemas, and the new University Museum of Contemporary Art (MUAC). A branch of the National University's CCU cultural center was inaugurated in 2007 in the facilities of the former Ministry of Foreign Affairs, known as Tlatelolco, in north-central Mexico City.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: Centro

text: Nacional

text: de

text: las

text: Artes

text: National

text: Center

text: for

text: the

text: Arts

text: has

text: several

text: venues

text: for

text: music

text: theatre

text: dance

text: UNAM

text: 's

text: main

text: campus

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Centro

text: Cultural

text: Universitario

text: the

text: University

text: Culture

text: Center

text: CCU

text: The

text: CCU

text: also

text: houses

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: the

text: interactive

text: Universum

text: Museo

text: de

text: las

text: Ciencias

text: the

text: Sala

text: Nezahualcóyotl

text: concert

text: hall

text: several

text: theatres

text: and

text: cinemas

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: University

text: Museum

text: of

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: MUAC

text: A

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: University

text: 's

text: CCU

text: cultural

text: center

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: facilities

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: known

text: as

text: Tlatelolco

text: in

text: north

text: central

text: Mexico

text: City

question: Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario?

answer: UNAM's main campus

text: UNAM's main campus

question: The CCU holds, in addition to a music theater, what?

answer: National Library

text: National Library

question: The former Ministry of Foreign Affairs had a cultural center opened in what year?

answer: 2007

question: What is the name of the CCU center opened in 2007?

answer: Tlatelolco

text: Tlatelolco

question: Where is Tlatelolco located?

answer: north-central Mexico City

text: north-central Mexico City


text: Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them larger range over which to see potential predators and prey, as well as color vision that, at least by day, gives humans better visual discrimination. Camp dogs would also have benefited from human tool use, as in bringing down larger prey and controlling fire for a range of purposes.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Wolves

text: and

text: their

text: dog

text: descendants

text: would

text: have

text: derived

text: significant

text: benefits

text: from

text: living

text: in

text: human

text: camps

text: more

text: safety

text: more

text: reliable

text: food

text: lesser

text: caloric

text: needs

text: and

text: more

text: chance

text: to

text: breed

text: They

text: would

text: have

text: benefited

text: from

text: humans

text: upright

text: gait

text: that

text: gives

text: them

text: larger

text: range

text: over

text: which

text: to

text: see

text: potential

text: predators

text: and

text: prey

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: color

text: vision

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: by

text: day

text: gives

text: humans

text: better

text: visual

text: discrimination

text: Camp

text: dogs

text: would

text: also

text: have

text: benefited

text: from

text: human

text: tool

text: use

text: as

text: in

text: bringing

text: down

text: larger

text: prey

text: and

text: controlling

text: fire

text: for

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: purposes

question: What would wolves have gotten from living with humans?

answer: significant benefits

text: significant benefits


text: Most capacitors have numbers printed on their bodies to indicate their electrical characteristics. Larger capacitors like electrolytics usually display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF). Smaller capacitors like ceramics, however, use a shorthand consisting of three numeric digits and a letter, where the digits indicate the capacitance in pF (calculated as XY × 10Z for digits XYZ) and the letter indicates the tolerance (J, K or M for ±5%, ±10% and ±20% respectively).

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Most

text: capacitors

text: have

text: numbers

text: printed

text: on

text: their

text: bodies

text: to

text: indicate

text: their

text: electrical

text: characteristics

text: Larger

text: capacitors

text: like

text: electrolytics

text: usually

text: display

text: the

text: actual

text: capacitance

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: unit

text: for

text: example

text: μF

text: Smaller

text: capacitors

text: like

text: ceramics

text: however

text: use

text: a

text: shorthand

text: consisting

text: of

text: three

text: numeric

text: digits

text: and

text: a

text: letter

text: where

text: the

text: digits

text: indicate

text: the

text: capacitance

text: in

text: pF

text: calculated

text: as

text: XY

text: for

text: digits

text: XYZ

text: and

text: the

text: letter

text: indicates

text: the

text: tolerance

text: J

text: K

text: or

text: M

text: for

text: ±5

text: and

text: respectively

question: How do larger capacitors present their electrical characteristics?

answer: display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF)

text: display the actual capacitance together with the unit (for example, 220 μF)

question: What does the abbreviated electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors consist of?

answer: three numeric digits and a letter

text: three numeric digits and a letter

question: What part of the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors do the digits of the abbreviated notation represent ?

answer: the digits indicate the capacitance

text: the digits indicate the capacitance

question: What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of smaller capacitors represent?

answer: the letter indicates the tolerance

text: the letter indicates the tolerance

question: In what SI unit is the capacitance reported on smaller capacitors?

answer: in pF

text: in pF

question: How do larger capacitors hide their electrical characteristics?

text: 220 μF

question: What does the abbreviated electrical characteristics of larger capacitors consist of?

text: three numeric digits and a letter

question: What part of the electrical characteristics of larger capacitors do the digits of the abbreviated notation represent ?

text: digits indicate the capacitance

question: What does the letter of the abbreviated notation for the electrical characteristics of larger capacitors represent?

text: the letter indicates the tolerance

question: In what SI unit is the capacitance reported on larger capacitors?

text: in pF


text: By 1960 African Americans comprised 16.45% of the state's population. It was not until after the mid-1960s and passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that they were able to vote in full again, but new devices, such as at-large commission city governments, had been adopted in several jurisdictions to limit their political participation. Former Gov. Winfield Dunn and former U.S. Sen. Bill Brock wins in 1970 helped make the Republican Party competitive among whites for the statewide victory. Tennessee has selected governors from different parties since 1970. Increasingly the Republican Party has become the party of white conservatives.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: By

text: African

text: Americans

text: comprised

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: population

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: and

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Voting

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: vote

text: in

text: full

text: again

text: but

text: new

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: at

text: large

text: commission

text: city

text: governments

text: had

text: been

text: adopted

text: in

text: several

text: jurisdictions

text: to

text: limit

text: their

text: political

text: participation

text: Former

text: Gov.

text: Winfield

text: Dunn

text: and

text: former

text: U.S.

text: Sen.

text: Bill

text: Brock

text: wins

text: in

text: helped

text: make

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: competitive

text: among

text: whites

text: for

text: the

text: statewide

text: victory

text: Tennessee

text: has

text: selected

text: governors

text: from

text: different

text: parties

text: since

text: Increasingly

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: party

text: of

text: white

text: conservatives

question: In 1960, what group made up 16.45% of Tennessee's population?

answer: African Americans

text: African Americans

question: What Congressional Act fully re-enfranchised African-American in Tennessee?

answer: Voting Rights Act of 1965

text: Voting Rights Act of 1965

question: Which Republican Senator's 1970 victory showed the Republican Party's renewed competitiveness in Tennessee?

answer: Bill Brock

text: Bill Brock

question: Which constituency has become the Republican Party's staunchest supporters in Tennessee?

answer: white conservatives

text: white conservatives

question: Which Republican was elected Tennessee Governor in 1970?

answer: Winfield Dunn

text: Winfield Dunn


text: In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding. Among the characters not originally intended for Unicode are rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters, many of which are part of personal and place names, making them rarely used, but much more essential than envisioned in the original architecture of Unicode.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: In

text: a

text: surrogate

text: character

text: mechanism

text: was

text: implemented

text: in

text: Unicode

text: so

text: that

text: Unicode

text: was

text: no

text: longer

text: restricted

text: to

text: bits

text: This

text: increased

text: the

text: Unicode

text: codespace

text: to

text: over

text: a

text: million

text: code

text: points

text: which

text: allowed

text: for

text: the

text: encoding

text: of

text: many

text: historic

text: scripts

text: e.g.

text: Egyptian

text: Hieroglyphs

text: and

text: thousands

text: of

text: rarely

text: used

text: or

text: obsolete

text: characters

text: that

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: anticipated

text: as

text: needing

text: encoding

text: Among

text: the

text: characters

text: not

text: originally

text: intended

text: for

text: Unicode

text: are

text: rarely

text: used

text: Kanji

text: or

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: personal

text: and

text: place

text: names

text: making

text: them

text: rarely

text: used

text: but

text: much

text: more

text: essential

text: than

text: envisioned

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: architecture

text: of

text: Unicode

question: When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0?

answer: 1996

question: Why was a surrogate character mechanism implemented?

answer: so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits

text: so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits

question: What are some characters not originally intended for Unicode?

answer: rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters

text: rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters

question: Why are some foreign characters rarely used?

answer: many of which are part of personal and place names

text: many of which are part of personal and place names

question: Why was the Unicode 2.0 codespace increased?

answer: allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts

text: allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts

question: When was Unicode restricted to 16 bits?

question: What types of egyptian hieroglyphs are rarely used?

text: personal and place names

question: What are the extra Unicode characters called?

text: Kanji

question: What types of characters were removed with Unicode 2.0?

question: What was removed in 1996?

text: a surrogate character mechanism


text: The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th-century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term pyx refers to the boxwood chest in which coins were held and presented to a jury during the Trial of the Pyx, in which newly minted coins were presented to ensure they conformed to the required standards.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: Pyx

text: Chamber

text: formed

text: the

text: undercroft

text: of

text: the

text: monks

text: dormitory

text: It

text: dates

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: monastic

text: and

text: royal

text: treasury

text: The

text: outer

text: walls

text: and

text: circular

text: piers

text: are

text: of

text: century

text: date

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: capitals

text: were

text: enriched

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: stone

text: altar

text: added

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: term

text: pyx

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: boxwood

text: chest

text: in

text: which

text: coins

text: were

text: held

text: and

text: presented

text: to

text: a

text: jury

text: during

text: the

text: Trial

text: of

text: the

text: Pyx

text: in

text: which

text: newly

text: minted

text: coins

text: were

text: presented

text: to

text: ensure

text: they

text: conformed

text: to

text: the

text: required

text: standards

question: What formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?

answer: The Pyx Chamber

text: The Pyx Chamber

question: When does the Pyx Chamber date to?

answer: the late 11th century

text: the late 11th century

question: When were newly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?

answer: the Trial of the Pyx

text: the Trial of the Pyx

question: What formed the overcroft of the monks' dormitory?

text: The Pyx Chamber

question: What destroyed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?

text: The Pyx Chamber

question: When doesn't the Pyx Chamber date to?

text: late 11th century

question: When does the Styx Chamber date to?

text: late 11th century

question: When were oldly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?

text: the Trial of the Pyx


text: In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "craic". In Irish, a pub is referred to as teach tábhairne ("tavernhouse") or teach óil ("drinkinghouse"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in Northern Ireland are largely identical to their counterparts in the Republic of Ireland except for the lack of spirit grocers. A side effect of "The Troubles" was that the lack of a tourist industry meant that a higher proportion of traditional bars have survived the wholesale refitting of Irish pub interiors in the 'English style' in the 1950s and 1960s. New Zealand sports a number of Irish pubs.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: In

text: Ireland

text: pubs

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: atmosphere

text: or

text: craic

text: In

text: Irish

text: a

text: pub

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: teach

text: tábhairne

text: tavernhouse

text: or

text: teach

text: óil

text: drinkinghouse

text: Live

text: music

text: either

text: sessions

text: of

text: traditional

text: Irish

text: music

text: or

text: varieties

text: of

text: modern

text: popular

text: music

text: is

text: frequently

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: pubs

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Pubs

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: are

text: largely

text: identical

text: to

text: their

text: counterparts

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: spirit

text: grocers

text: A

text: side

text: effect

text: of

text: The

text: Troubles

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: a

text: tourist

text: industry

text: meant

text: that

text: a

text: higher

text: proportion

text: of

text: traditional

text: bars

text: have

text: survived

text: the

text: wholesale

text: refitting

text: of

text: Irish

text: pub

text: interiors

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: style

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: sports

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Irish

text: pubs

question: What is the native Irish term for a pub's atmosphere?

answer: craic

text: craic

question: What does teach tábhairne mean in English?

answer: tavernhouse

text: tavernhouse

question: What Irish term means "drinkinghouse"?

answer: teach óil

text: teach óil

question: Vis-à-vis pubs in Ireland, what feature do pubs in Northern Ireland lack?

answer: spirit grocers

text: spirit grocers

question: What country outside Ireland is known for having Irish pubs?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand