text: Plants synthesize a number of unique polymers like the polysaccharide molecules cellulose, pectin and xyloglucan from which the land plant cell wall is constructed. Vascular land plants make lignin, a polymer used to strengthen the secondary cell walls of xylem tracheids and vessels to keep them from collapsing when a plant sucks water through them under water stress. Lignin is also used in other cell types like sclerenchyma fibers that provide structural support for a plant and is a major constituent of wood. Sporopollenin is a chemically resistant polymer found in the outer cell walls of spores and pollen of land plants responsible for the survival of early land plant spores and the pollen of seed plants in the fossil record. It is widely regarded as a marker for the start of land plant evolution during the Ordovician period. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is much lower than it was when plants emerged onto land during the Ordovician and Silurian periods. Many monocots like maize and the pineapple and some dicots like the Asteraceae have since independently evolved pathways like Crassulacean acid metabolism and the C4 carbon fixation pathway for photosynthesis which avoid the losses resulting from photorespiration in the more common C3 carbon fixation pathway. These biochemical strategies are unique to land plants.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Plants

text: synthesize

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: unique

text: polymers

text: like

text: the

text: polysaccharide

text: molecules

text: cellulose

text: pectin

text: and

text: xyloglucan

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: land

text: plant

text: cell

text: wall

text: is

text: constructed

text: Vascular

text: land

text: plants

text: make

text: lignin

text: a

text: polymer

text: used

text: to

text: strengthen

text: the

text: secondary

text: cell

text: walls

text: of

text: xylem

text: tracheids

text: and

text: vessels

text: to

text: keep

text: them

text: from

text: collapsing

text: when

text: a

text: plant

text: sucks

text: water

text: through

text: them

text: under

text: water

text: stress

text: Lignin

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: cell

text: types

text: like

text: sclerenchyma

text: fibers

text: that

text: provide

text: structural

text: support

text: for

text: a

text: plant

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: constituent

text: of

text: wood

text: Sporopollenin

text: is

text: a

text: chemically

text: resistant

text: polymer

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: outer

text: cell

text: walls

text: of

text: spores

text: and

text: pollen

text: of

text: land

text: plants

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: early

text: land

text: plant

text: spores

text: and

text: the

text: pollen

text: of

text: seed

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: marker

text: for

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: land

text: plant

text: evolution

text: during

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: period

text: The

text: concentration

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: today

text: is

text: much

text: lower

text: than

text: it

text: was

text: when

text: plants

text: emerged

text: onto

text: land

text: during

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: and

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: Many

text: monocots

text: like

text: maize

text: and

text: the

text: pineapple

text: and

text: some

text: dicots

text: like

text: the

text: Asteraceae

text: have

text: since

text: independently

text: evolved

text: pathways

text: like

text: Crassulacean

text: acid

text: metabolism

text: and

text: the

text: carbon

text: fixation

text: pathway

text: for

text: photosynthesis

text: which

text: avoid

text: the

text: losses

text: resulting

text: from

text: photorespiration

text: in

text: the

text: more

text: common

text: carbon

text: fixation

text: pathway

text: These

text: biochemical

text: strategies

text: are

text: unique

text: to

text: land

text: plants

question: What polymer is used to strengthen cell walls?

answer: lignin

text: lignin

question: What weakens cell walls?

answer: water stress

text: water stress

question: What gas is in lower concentration now due to plants?

answer: carbon dioxide

text: carbon dioxide

question: What polymer is found in spores and pollen?

answer: Sporopollenin

text: Sporopollenin

question: What polymer is a major part of wood?

answer: Lignin

text: Lignin


text: Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: Since

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: its

text: oldest

text: buildings

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: physical

text: plant

text: has

text: grown

text: substantially

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: residence

text: halls

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: to

text: accommodate

text: students

text: and

text: each

text: has

text: been

text: constructed

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: chapel

text: Many

text: academic

text: building

text: were

text: added

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: libraries

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Theodore

text: Hesburgh

text: Library

text: built

text: in

text: and

text: today

text: containing

text: almost

text: million

text: books

text: Since

text: several

text: buildings

text: have

text: been

text: added

text: including

text: the

text: DeBartolo

text: Performing

text: Arts

text: Center

text: the

text: Guglielmino

text: Complex

text: and

text: the

text: Jordan

text: Hall

text: of

text: Science

text: Additionally

text: a

text: new

text: residence

text: for

text: men

text: Duncan

text: Hall

text: was

text: begun

text: on

text: March

text: and

text: began

text: accepting

text: residents

text: for

text: the

text: Fall

text: semester

text: Ryan

text: Hall

text: was

text: completed

text: and

text: began

text: housing

text: undergraduate

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: A

text: new

text: engineering

text: building

text: Stinson

text: Remick

text: Hall

text: a

text: new

text: combination

text: Center

text: for

text: Social

text: Concerns

text: Institute

text: for

text: Church

text: Life

text: building

text: Geddes

text: Hall

text: and

text: a

text: law

text: school

text: addition

text: have

text: recently

text: been

text: completed

text: as

text: well

text: Additionally

text: the

text: new

text: hockey

text: arena

text: opened

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: The

text: Stayer

text: Center

text: for

text: Executive

text: Education

text: which

text: houses

text: the

text: Mendoza

text: College

text: of

text: Business

text: Executive

text: Education

text: Department

text: opened

text: in

text: March

text: just

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: Mendoza

text: College

text: of

text: Business

text: building

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: long

text: athletic

text: tradition

text: the

text: university

text: features

text: also

text: many

text: building

text: dedicated

text: to

text: sport

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: is

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Stadium

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Fighting

text: Irish

text: football

text: team

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: renovated

text: several

text: times

text: and

text: today

text: it

text: can

text: hold

text: more

text: than

text: thousand

text: people

text: Prominent

text: venues

text: include

text: also

text: the

text: Edmund

text: P.

text: Joyce

text: Center

text: with

text: indoor

text: basketball

text: and

text: volleyball

text: courts

text: and

text: the

text: Compton

text: Family

text: Ice

text: Arena

text: a

text: two

text: rink

text: facility

text: dedicated

text: to

text: hockey

text: Also

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: outdoor

text: fields

text: as

text: the

text: Frank

text: Eck

text: Stadium

text: for

text: baseball

question: How many halls are at Notre Dame that house students?

answer: 29

question: Which library was built at Notre Dame in 1963?

answer: Theodore Hesburgh Library

text: Theodore Hesburgh Library

question: How many books are housed at the Theodore Hesburgh Library?

answer: almost 4 million

text: almost 4 million

question: Construction for which hall started on March 8th 2007 at Notre Dame?

answer: Duncan Hall

text: Duncan Hall

question: Which baseball stadium is found at Notre Dame?

answer: Frank Eck Stadium

text: Frank Eck Stadium


text: Fetuvalu offers the Cambridge syllabus. Motufoua offers the Fiji Junior Certificate (FJC) at year 10, Tuvaluan Certificate at Year 11 and the Pacific Senior Secondary Certificate (PSSC) at Year 12, set by the Fiji-based exam board SPBEA. Sixth form students who pass their PSSC go on to the Augmented Foundation Programme, funded by the government of Tuvalu. This program is required for tertiary education programmes outside of Tuvalu and is available at the University of the South Pacific (USP) Extension Centre in Funafuti.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Fetuvalu

text: offers

text: the

text: Cambridge

text: syllabus

text: Motufoua

text: offers

text: the

text: Fiji

text: Junior

text: Certificate

text: FJC

text: at

text: year

text: Tuvaluan

text: Certificate

text: at

text: Year

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Senior

text: Secondary

text: Certificate

text: PSSC

text: at

text: Year

text: set

text: by

text: the

text: Fiji

text: based

text: exam

text: board

text: SPBEA

text: Sixth

text: form

text: students

text: who

text: pass

text: their

text: PSSC

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: Augmented

text: Foundation

text: Programme

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: This

text: program

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: tertiary

text: education

text: programmes

text: outside

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: and

text: is

text: available

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

text: USP

text: Extension

text: Centre

text: in

text: Funafuti

question: What group funds the Augmented Foundation Programme?

answer: government of Tuvalu

text: government of Tuvalu

question: Where is the Augmented Programme required for further education?

answer: outside of Tuvalu

text: outside of Tuvalu

question: In what educational institution is the program found?

answer: University of the South Pacific

text: University of the South Pacific

question: Where is the Extension Centre for the USP?

answer: Funafuti

text: Funafuti

question: Which students go into the Augmented Foundation Programme?

answer: Sixth form

text: Sixth form


text: Miami's road system is based along the numerical "Miami Grid" where Flagler Street forms the east-west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north-south meridian. The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy's (formerly the Burdine's headquarters). The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address. Because its point of origin is in Downtown, which is close to the coast, therefore, the "NW" and "SW" quadrants are much larger than the "SE" and "NE" quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named (e.g., Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St), although, with exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: 's

text: road

text: system

text: is

text: based

text: along

text: the

text: numerical

text: Miami

text: Grid

text: where

text: Flagler

text: Street

text: forms

text: the

text: east

text: west

text: baseline

text: and

text: Miami

text: Avenue

text: forms

text: the

text: north

text: south

text: meridian

text: The

text: corner

text: of

text: Flagler

text: Street

text: and

text: Miami

text: Avenue

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: Downtown

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Downtown

text: Macy

text: 's

text: formerly

text: the

text: Burdine

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: The

text: Miami

text: grid

text: is

text: primarily

text: numerical

text: so

text: that

text: for

text: example

text: all

text: street

text: addresses

text: north

text: of

text: Flagler

text: Street

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Miami

text: Avenue

text: have

text: NW

text: in

text: their

text: address

text: Because

text: its

text: point

text: of

text: origin

text: is

text: in

text: Downtown

text: which

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: therefore

text: the

text: NW

text: and

text: SW

text: quadrants

text: are

text: much

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: SE

text: and

text: NE

text: quadrants

text: Many

text: roads

text: especially

text: major

text: ones

text: are

text: also

text: named

text: e.g.

text: Tamiami

text: Trail

text: SW

text: St

text: although

text: with

text: exceptions

text: the

text: number

text: is

text: in

text: more

text: common

text: usage

text: among

text: locals

question: What company was previously headquartered in the Downtown Macy's?

answer: Burdine's

text: Burdine's

question: What is another name for Tamiami Trail?

answer: SW 8th St

text: SW 8th St

question: In what neighborhood of Miami is the corner of Miami Avenue and Flagler Street?

answer: Downtown

text: Downtown

question: What is Miami's street plan called?

answer: Miami Grid

text: Miami Grid

question: If a street is west of Miami Avenue and north of Flagler Street, what will necessarily be in its address?

answer: NW

text: NW

question: What company was never headquartered in the Downtown Macy's?

text: Burdine's

question: What isn't another name for Tamiami Trail?

text: SW 8th St)

question: In what neighborhood of Miami is the corner of Miami Avenue and Florida Street?

text: Downtown

question: What is Miami's street plan not called?

text: Miami Grid

question: If a street is west of Miami Avenue and north of Flagler Street, what won't necessarily be in its address?

text: NW


text: Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist Elliot Sperling has argued in favor of a recent tendency by some authors writing in Chinese to revive the term Tubote (simplified Chinese: 图伯特; traditional Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè) for modern use in place of Xizang, on the grounds that Tubote more clearly includes the entire Tibetan plateau rather than simply the Tibet Autonomous Region.[citation needed]

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: Other

text: pre

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: names

text: for

text: Tibet

text: include

text: Wusiguo

text: Chinese

text: 烏斯國

text: pinyin

text: Wūsīguó

text: cf

text: Tibetan

text: dbus

text: Ü

text: wyʔ˨˧˨

text: Wusizang

text: Chinese

text: 烏斯藏

text: pinyin

text: wūsīzàng

text: cf

text: Tibetan

text: dbus

text: gtsang

text: Ü

text: Tsang

text: Tubote

text: Chinese

text: 圖伯特

text: pinyin

text: Túbótè

text: and

text: Tanggute

text: Chinese

text: 唐古忒

text: pinyin

text: Tánggǔtè

text: cf

text: Tangut

text: American

text: Tibetologist

text: Elliot

text: Sperling

text: has

text: argued

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: recent

text: tendency

text: by

text: some

text: authors

text: writing

text: in

text: Chinese

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: term

text: Tubote

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 图伯特

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 圖伯特

text: pinyin

text: Túbótè

text: for

text: modern

text: use

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: Xizang

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: Tubote

text: more

text: clearly

text: includes

text: the

text: entire

text: Tibetan

text: plateau

text: rather

text: than

text: simply

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region.[citation

text: needed

question: Who is an American Tibetologist?

answer: Elliot Sperling

text: Elliot Sperling

question: What name for Tibet most clearly includes the entire Tibetan plateau?

answer: Tubote

text: Tubote

question: What is another pre-modern Chinese name for Tibet?

answer: Wusiguo

text: Wusiguo

question: Who was Sperling Elliot?

text: American Tibetologist

question: Who fought to revive the term Xizang?

text: some authors writing in Chinese

question: What word is Xizang the modern version of?

text: Tubote

question: What does Tubote include instead of the entire Tibetan plateau?

text: Tibet Autonomous Region.


text: In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi, which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively. The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan. The cell wall is essential to the survival of many bacteria, and the antibiotic penicillin is able to kill bacteria by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: In

text: most

text: bacteria

text: a

text: cell

text: wall

text: is

text: present

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: membrane

text: The

text: cell

text: membrane

text: and

text: cell

text: wall

text: comprise

text: the

text: cell

text: envelope

text: A

text: common

text: bacterial

text: cell

text: wall

text: material

text: is

text: peptidoglycan

text: called

text: murein

text: in

text: older

text: sources

text: which

text: is

text: made

text: from

text: polysaccharide

text: chains

text: cross

text: linked

text: by

text: peptides

text: containing

text: D

text: amino

text: acids

text: Bacterial

text: cell

text: walls

text: are

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: cell

text: walls

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: fungi

text: which

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: cellulose

text: and

text: chitin

text: respectively

text: The

text: cell

text: wall

text: of

text: bacteria

text: is

text: also

text: distinct

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: Archaea

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: peptidoglycan

text: The

text: cell

text: wall

text: is

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: many

text: bacteria

text: and

text: the

text: antibiotic

text: penicillin

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: kill

text: bacteria

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: a

text: step

text: in

text: the

text: synthesis

text: of

text: peptidoglycan

question: What composes the cell envelope?

answer: cell membrane and cell wall

text: cell membrane and cell wall

question: What is most common cell wall material?

answer: peptidoglycan

text: peptidoglycan

question: Are cell walls of bacteria similar to cell walls of plants and fungi?

answer: Bacterial cell walls are different

text: Bacterial cell walls are different

question: What are the main materials of cell walls of plants and fungi?

answer: cellulose and chitin

text: cellulose and chitin

question: How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria?

answer: by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan

text: by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan


text: In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Rome responded by sending a stronger army. This second consular army decisively defeated the Macedonians at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC and the Macedonians duly capitulated, ending the war.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: In

text: BC

text: Philip

text: died

text: His

text: talented

text: and

text: ambitious

text: son

text: Perseus

text: took

text: the

text: throne

text: and

text: showed

text: a

text: renewed

text: interest

text: in

text: conquering

text: Greece

text: With

text: her

text: Greek

text: allies

text: facing

text: a

text: major

text: new

text: threat

text: Rome

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: Macedonia

text: again

text: starting

text: the

text: Third

text: Macedonian

text: War

text: Perseus

text: initially

text: had

text: some

text: success

text: against

text: the

text: Romans

text: However

text: Rome

text: responded

text: by

text: sending

text: a

text: stronger

text: army

text: This

text: second

text: consular

text: army

text: decisively

text: defeated

text: the

text: Macedonians

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Pydna

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: Macedonians

text: duly

text: capitulated

text: ending

text: the

text: war

question: In what year did Philip pass away?

answer: 179 BC

text: 179 BC

question: Who was next in line to the throne at the time of Philip's death?

answer: Perseus

text: Perseus

question: In what year were did the Macedonians lose The Battle of Pydna?

answer: 168 BC

text: 168 BC

question: How did Rome respond to their successive losses against the Macedonians?

answer: by sending a stronger army

text: by sending a stronger army

question: Who had initially begun the Third Macedonian War?

answer: Rome

text: Rome


text: Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes. They include :

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Collegiate

text: universities

text: grouping

text: several

text: engineering

text: schools

text: or

text: multi

text: site

text: clusters

text: of

text: French

text: grandes

text: écoles

text: provide

text: sciences

text: and

text: technology

text: curricula

text: as

text: autonomous

text: higher

text: education

text: engineering

text: institutes

text: They

text: include

question: Universities that encompass several engineering schools provide curricula in sciences and what other field?

answer: technology

text: technology


text: The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: consensus

text: of

text: modern

text: scholarship

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: accounts

text: represent

text: a

text: crucifixion

text: occurring

text: on

text: a

text: Friday

text: but

text: a

text: Thursday

text: or

text: Wednesday

text: crucifixion

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: proposed

text: Some

text: scholars

text: explain

text: a

text: Thursday

text: crucifixion

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: double

text: sabbath

text: caused

text: by

text: an

text: extra

text: Passover

text: sabbath

text: falling

text: on

text: Thursday

text: dusk

text: to

text: Friday

text: afternoon

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: normal

text: weekly

text: Sabbath

text: Some

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: Jesus

text: was

text: crucified

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: not

text: Friday

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: the

text: mention

text: of

text: three

text: days

text: and

text: three

text: nights

text: in

text: Matthew

text: before

text: his

text: resurrection

text: celebrated

text: on

text: Sunday

text: Others

text: have

text: countered

text: by

text: saying

text: that

text: this

text: ignores

text: the

text: Jewish

text: idiom

text: by

text: which

text: a

text: day

text: and

text: night

text: may

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: period

text: that

text: the

text: expression

text: in

text: Matthew

text: is

text: idiomatic

text: not

text: a

text: statement

text: that

text: Jesus

text: was

text: hours

text: in

text: the

text: tomb

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: many

text: references

text: to

text: a

text: resurrection

text: on

text: the

text: third

text: day

text: do

text: not

text: require

text: three

text: literal

text: nights

question: What day is presumed the Crucifixion happened?

answer: Friday

text: Friday

question: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?

answer: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath

text: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath

question: Why do some other scholars argue that it happened on a Wednesday?

answer: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew

text: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew

question: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?

answer: three days and three nights

text: three days and three nights

question: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?

answer: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights

text: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights

question: On what day is it thought the first part of the New Testament was written?

text: Friday

question: What other two days could the New Testament could have been written?

text: Thursday or Wednesday

question: Why would some scholars believe the beginning of the New Testament was written on Thursday?

text: based on a "double sabbath"

question: What other day is believed the first part of the New Testament was written on instead of Friday?

text: Wednesday

question: During what period was the beginning of the New Testament written?

text: a 24-hour period


text: Philips' preferred name for the format was "VLP", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat ("Video long-play disc"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also discussed a compatible audio-only format they called "ALP", but that was soon dropped as the Compact Disc system became a non-compatible project in the Philips corporation. Until early 1980, the format had no "official" name. The LaserVision Association, made up of MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox, was formed to standardize the technical specifications of the format (which had been causing problems for the consumer market) and finally named the system officially as "LaserVision".

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Philips

text: preferred

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: format

text: was

text: VLP

text: after

text: the

text: Dutch

text: words

text: Video

text: Langspeel

text: Plaat

text: Video

text: long

text: play

text: disc

text: which

text: in

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: stood

text: for

text: Video

text: Long

text: Play

text: The

text: first

text: consumer

text: player

text: the

text: Magnavox

text: even

text: had

text: the

text: VLP

text: logo

text: on

text: the

text: player

text: For

text: a

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: Philips

text: also

text: discussed

text: a

text: compatible

text: audio

text: only

text: format

text: they

text: called

text: ALP

text: but

text: that

text: was

text: soon

text: dropped

text: as

text: the

text: Compact

text: Disc

text: system

text: became

text: a

text: non

text: compatible

text: project

text: in

text: the

text: Philips

text: corporation

text: Until

text: early

text: the

text: format

text: had

text: no

text: official

text: name

text: The

text: LaserVision

text: Association

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: MCA

text: Universal

text: Pioneer

text: IBM

text: and

text: Philips

text: Magnavox

text: was

text: formed

text: to

text: standardize

text: the

text: technical

text: specifications

text: of

text: the

text: format

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: causing

text: problems

text: for

text: the

text: consumer

text: market

text: and

text: finally

text: named

text: the

text: system

text: officially

text: as

text: LaserVision

question: What did VLP stand for in English-speaking countries?

answer: Video Long-Play

text: Video Long-Play

question: What was the first consumer VLP player?

answer: Magnavox VH-8000

text: Magnavox VH-8000

question: Which group officially chose the name "Laservision"?

answer: The LaserVision Association

text: The LaserVision Association

question: The Laservision Association was comprised of which companies?

answer: MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox

text: MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox


text: On 12 March 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined NATO; Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia joined in March 2004; Albania joined on 1 April 2009.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Hungary

text: and

text: Poland

text: joined

text: NATO

text: Bulgaria

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Romania

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: joined

text: in

text: March

text: Albania

text: joined

text: on

text: April

question: Which former Eastern Bloc country was the latest to join NATO?

answer: Albania

text: Albania

question: In which year did Poland join NATO?

answer: 1999

question: In which year did Slovakia join NATO?

answer: 2004

question: Which countries joined NATO on 12 May 1999?

text: Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland

question: Which countries joined NATO in May 2004?

question: Which country joined NATO on 11 April 2009?

text: Albania

question: Hungary joined which organization in March 2004?

text: NATO

question: Poland joined which organization in March 2004?

text: NATO


text: Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location. The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure."

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: Charleston

text: has

text: one

text: official

text: sister

text: city

text: Spoleto

text: Umbria

text: Italy

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: cities

text: began

text: when

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: winning

text: Italian

text: composer

text: Gian

text: Carlo

text: Menotti

text: selected

text: Charleston

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: American

text: version

text: of

text: Spoleto

text: 's

text: annual

text: Festival

text: of

text: Two

text: Worlds

text: Looking

text: for

text: a

text: city

text: that

text: would

text: provide

text: the

text: charm

text: of

text: Spoleto

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: wealth

text: of

text: theaters

text: churches

text: and

text: other

text: performance

text: spaces

text: they

text: selected

text: Charleston

text: South

text: Carolina

text: as

text: the

text: ideal

text: location

text: The

text: historic

text: city

text: provided

text: a

text: perfect

text: fit

text: intimate

text: enough

text: that

text: the

text: Festival

text: would

text: captivate

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: yet

text: cosmopolitan

text: enough

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: enthusiastic

text: audience

text: and

text: robust

text: infrastructure

question: What is the name of Charleston's sister city?

answer: Spoleto

text: Spoleto

question: In what country is Spoleto located?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Who selected Charleston to host an American version of a festival?

answer: Gian Carlo Menotti

text: Gian Carlo Menotti

question: What is the name of festival held in Spoleto?

answer: Festival of Two Worlds

text: Festival of Two Worlds

question: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?

answer: composer

text: composer

question: What is the name of Charleston's brother city?

text: Spoleto

question: In what country isn't Spoleto located?

text: Italy.

question: Who selected Charleston not to host an American version of a festival?

text: Gian Carlo Menotti

question: What isn't the name of festival held in Spoleto?

text: Festival of Two Worlds

question: What isn't the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?

text: composer


text: The National Disaster Relief Commission initiated a "Level II emergency contingency plan", which covers the most serious class of natural disasters. The plan rose to Level I at 22:15 CST, May 12.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: National

text: Disaster

text: Relief

text: Commission

text: initiated

text: a

text: Level

text: II

text: emergency

text: contingency

text: plan

text: which

text: covers

text: the

text: most

text: serious

text: class

text: of

text: natural

text: disasters

text: The

text: plan

text: rose

text: to

text: Level

text: I

text: at

text: CST

text: May

question: What did the National Disaster Relief Commission initiate?

answer: Level II emergency contingency plan

text: Level II emergency contingency plan

question: What does a Level II emergency contingency plan cover?

answer: the most serious class of natural disasters

text: the most serious class of natural disasters

question: When did the plan rise to Level I?

answer: at 22:15 CST, May 12

text: at 22:15 CST, May 12

question: What level alert was instated for the quake?

answer: Level II emergency

text: Level II emergency

question: What class of disasters is a level II emergency?

answer: most serious

text: most serious

question: What level was the disaster set at 22:15 CST, May 12?

answer: Level II

text: Level II

question: What department initiated the emergency contingency plan?

answer: National Disaster Relief Commission

text: National Disaster Relief Commission


text: The army has relied heavily on tents to provide the various facilities needed while on deployment. The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) facilities, and security checkpoints. Furthermore, most of these tents are set up and operated through the support of Natick Soldier Systems Center.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: The

text: army

text: has

text: relied

text: heavily

text: on

text: tents

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: various

text: facilities

text: needed

text: while

text: on

text: deployment

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: tent

text: uses

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: are

text: as

text: temporary

text: barracks

text: sleeping

text: quarters

text: DFAC

text: buildings

text: dining

text: facilities

text: forward

text: operating

text: bases

text: FOBs

text: after

text: action

text: review

text: AAR

text: tactical

text: operations

text: center

text: TOC

text: morale

text: welfare

text: and

text: recreation

text: MWR

text: facilities

text: and

text: security

text: checkpoints

text: Furthermore

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: tents

text: are

text: set

text: up

text: and

text: operated

text: through

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: Natick

text: Soldier

text: Systems

text: Center

question: What does the army use for facilities while they are deployed?

answer: tents

text: tents

question: What are the barracks used for?

answer: sleeping quarters

text: sleeping quarters

question: Where are the dining facilities called?

answer: DFAC buildings

text: DFAC buildings

question: What does FOB stand for?

answer: forward operating bases

text: forward operating bases

question: What is the abbreviation for a tactical operations center?

answer: TOC

text: TOC

question: What does the Coast Guard use for facilities while they are deployed?

text: tents

question: What are DFAC ships used for?

text: sleeping quarters

question: What does FAB stand for?

text: forward operating bases

question: Where are horses stabled?

text: barracks

question: Who dismantles tents?

text: Natick Soldier Systems Center


text: A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: A

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: minister

text: of

text: cabinet

text: in

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: government

text: often

text: in

text: a

text: parliamentary

text: or

text: semi

text: presidential

text: system

text: In

text: many

text: systems

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: selects

text: and

text: may

text: dismiss

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: cabinet

text: and

text: allocates

text: posts

text: to

text: members

text: within

text: the

text: government

text: In

text: most

text: systems

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: presiding

text: member

text: and

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: cabinet

text: In

text: a

text: minority

text: of

text: systems

text: notably

text: in

text: semi

text: presidential

text: systems

text: of

text: government

text: a

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: who

text: is

text: appointed

text: to

text: manage

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: and

text: execute

text: the

text: directives

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

question: What branch of government does the prime minister lead?

answer: executive

text: executive

question: What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?

answer: cabinet

text: cabinet

question: In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?

answer: civil service

text: civil service

question: Who is the senior minister of the judicial branch?

text: prime minister

question: What group oversees the Prime Minister?

text: cabinet

question: Who selects the Prime Minister?

text: cabinet

question: In what type of system is the prime minister the head of state?

text: semi-presidential


text: Besides being the political center, Brasília is an important economic center. Brasília has the highest city gross domestic product (GDP) of 99.5 billion reais representing 3.76% of the total Brazilian GDP. The main economic activity of the federal capital results from its administrative function. Its industrial planning is studied carefully by the Government of the Federal District. Being a city registered by UNESCO, the government in Brasília has opted to encourage the development of non-polluting industries such as software, film, video, and gemology among others, with emphasis on environmental preservation and maintaining ecological balance, preserving the city property.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: Besides

text: being

text: the

text: political

text: center

text: Brasília

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: economic

text: center

text: Brasília

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: city

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: GDP

text: of

text: billion

text: reais

text: representing

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: Brazilian

text: GDP

text: The

text: main

text: economic

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: capital

text: results

text: from

text: its

text: administrative

text: function

text: Its

text: industrial

text: planning

text: is

text: studied

text: carefully

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: Being

text: a

text: city

text: registered

text: by

text: UNESCO

text: the

text: government

text: in

text: Brasília

text: has

text: opted

text: to

text: encourage

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: non

text: polluting

text: industries

text: such

text: as

text: software

text: film

text: video

text: and

text: gemology

text: among

text: others

text: with

text: emphasis

text: on

text: environmental

text: preservation

text: and

text: maintaining

text: ecological

text: balance

text: preserving

text: the

text: city

text: property

question: What is Brasilia's GDP?

answer: 99.5 billion reais

text: 99.5 billion reais

question: How much of Brazil's GDP comes from Brasilia?

answer: 3.76%

question: What industries is Brasilia trying to encourage?

answer: software, film, video, and gemology

text: software, film, video, and gemology

question: What city is an important Federal District?

text: Brasília

question: Where does the main economic activity of UNESCO come from?

text: its administrative function

question: What is the non-polluting industry registered by?

text: UNESCO

question: What does UNESCO encorage in Brasilia?

question: What does the film industry put emphasis on in Brasilia?


text: The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: State

text: Railways

text: Administration

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: AFE

text: operates

text: three

text: commuter

text: rail

text: lines

text: namely

text: the

text: Empalme

text: Olmos

text: San

text: Jose

text: and

text: Florida

text: These

text: lines

text: operate

text: to

text: major

text: suburban

text: areas

text: of

text: Canelones

text: San

text: José

text: and

text: Florida

text: Within

text: the

text: Montevideo

text: city

text: limits

text: local

text: trains

text: stop

text: at

text: Lorenzo

text: Carnelli

text: Yatai

text: Step

text: Mill

text: Sayago

text: Columbus

text: line

text: to

text: San

text: Jose

text: and

text: Florida

text: Peñarol

text: and

text: Manga

text: line

text: Empalme

text: Olmos

text: stations

text: The

text: historic

text: century

text: General

text: Artigas

text: Central

text: Station

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: Aguada

text: six

text: blocks

text: from

text: the

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: was

text: abandoned

text: March

text: and

text: remains

text: closed

text: A

text: new

text: station

text: metres

text: ft

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: one

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Tower

text: of

text: Communications

text: modern

text: complex

text: has

text: taken

text: over

text: the

text: rail

text: traffic

question: What does the AFE stand for?

answer: The State Railways Administration of Uruguay

text: The State Railways Administration of Uruguay

question: What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located?

answer: Aguada

text: Aguada

question: When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned?

answer: 1 March 2003

text: 1 March 2003


text: As a child, young Bell displayed a natural curiosity about his world, resulting in gathering botanical specimens as well as experimenting even at an early age. His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbor whose family operated a flour mill, the scene of many forays. Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill. He was told wheat had to be dehusked through a laborious process and at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation and used steadily for a number of years. In return, John Herdman gave both boys the run of a small workshop in which to "invent".

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: As

text: a

text: child

text: young

text: Bell

text: displayed

text: a

text: natural

text: curiosity

text: about

text: his

text: world

text: resulting

text: in

text: gathering

text: botanical

text: specimens

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: experimenting

text: even

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: His

text: best

text: friend

text: was

text: Ben

text: Herdman

text: a

text: neighbor

text: whose

text: family

text: operated

text: a

text: flour

text: mill

text: the

text: scene

text: of

text: many

text: forays

text: Young

text: Bell

text: asked

text: what

text: needed

text: to

text: be

text: done

text: at

text: the

text: mill

text: He

text: was

text: told

text: wheat

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: dehusked

text: through

text: a

text: laborious

text: process

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Bell

text: built

text: a

text: homemade

text: device

text: that

text: combined

text: rotating

text: paddles

text: with

text: sets

text: of

text: nail

text: brushes

text: creating

text: a

text: simple

text: dehusking

text: machine

text: that

text: was

text: put

text: into

text: operation

text: and

text: used

text: steadily

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: years

text: In

text: return

text: John

text: Herdman

text: gave

text: both

text: boys

text: the

text: run

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: workshop

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: invent

question: What sort of things did Bell collect as a child?

answer: botanical specimens

text: botanical specimens

question: Who was Bell's closest friend as a child?

answer: Ben Herdman

text: Ben Herdman

question: What sort of mill did Bell's neighbors run?

answer: flour

text: flour

question: Bell's dehusking machine combined what with nail brushes?

answer: rotating paddles

text: rotating paddles

question: What was Bell's reward for his dehusking machine?

answer: small workshop

text: small workshop


text: The administration of Lord North (1770–1782) tried to defeat the colonist rebellion by military force. British and American forces clashed in 1775 and, in 1776, came the American Declaration of Independence. Burke was appalled by celebrations in Britain of the defeat of the Americans at New York and Pennsylvania. He claimed the English national character was being changed by this authoritarianism. Burke wrote: "As to the good people of England, they seem to partake every day more and more of the Character of that administration which they have been induced to tolerate. I am satisfied, that within a few years there has been a great Change in the National Character. We seem no longer that eager, inquisitive, jealous, fiery people, which we have been formerly".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: The

text: administration

text: of

text: Lord

text: North

text: tried

text: to

text: defeat

text: the

text: colonist

text: rebellion

text: by

text: military

text: force

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: forces

text: clashed

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: came

text: the

text: American

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: Burke

text: was

text: appalled

text: by

text: celebrations

text: in

text: Britain

text: of

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: Americans

text: at

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: Pennsylvania

text: He

text: claimed

text: the

text: English

text: national

text: character

text: was

text: being

text: changed

text: by

text: this

text: authoritarianism

text: Burke

text: wrote

text: As

text: to

text: the

text: good

text: people

text: of

text: England

text: they

text: seem

text: to

text: partake

text: every

text: day

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: Character

text: of

text: that

text: administration

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: induced

text: to

text: tolerate

text: I

text: am

text: satisfied

text: that

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: great

text: Change

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Character

text: We

text: seem

text: no

text: longer

text: that

text: eager

text: inquisitive

text: jealous

text: fiery

text: people

text: which

text: we

text: have

text: been

text: formerly

question: When did Lord North take office?

answer: 1770

question: When did Lord North leave office?

answer: 1782

question: Which victories against the Americans did the British celebrate?

answer: New York and Pennsylvania

text: New York and Pennsylvania

question: How did Burke feel about the British celebrating victories against the Americans?

answer: appalled

text: appalled

question: When was the American Declaration of Independence issued?

answer: 1776

question: When was Lord North born?

question: How did Lord North feel about the British celebrations?

text: appalled

question: What states were the Americans victorious over Britain in?

text: New York and Pennsylvania

question: What did Burke claim authoritarianism was being changed by?

text: English national character

question: What was published in 1775?

text: American Declaration of Independence


text: In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe. Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia remained on observer status. Soviet stationing troops were agreed to stay in Mongolia from 1966.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: Mongolian

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: asked

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: under

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: For

text: this

text: purpose

text: a

text: special

text: protocol

text: should

text: have

text: been

text: taken

text: since

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: applied

text: only

text: to

text: Europe

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: emerging

text: Sino

text: Soviet

text: split

text: Mongolia

text: remained

text: on

text: observer

text: status

text: Soviet

text: stationing

text: troops

text: were

text: agreed

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: Mongolia

text: from

question: In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact?

answer: 1963

question: In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia?

answer: 1966

question: Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact in January 1963?

text: Mongolian People's Republic

question: Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 10?

text: Mongolian People's Republic

question: Which group was removed from observer status?

text: Mongolia

question: Whose troops agrees to stay in Mongolia from 1956?

text: Soviet


text: The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico. The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas to the northeast and New Mexico to the north. The state is made up of three geologic regions: Mountains, Plains-Valleys, and Desert, which occur in large bands from west to east. Because of the different geologic regions there are contrasting climates and ecosystems.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: El

text: Estado

text: Grande

text: The

text: Big

text: State

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: Mexico

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: landlocked

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Sonora

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Sinaloa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: Durango

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Coahuila

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Texas

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: New

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: three

text: geologic

text: regions

text: Mountains

text: Plains

text: Valleys

text: and

text: Desert

text: which

text: occur

text: in

text: large

text: bands

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: geologic

text: regions

text: there

text: are

text: contrasting

text: climates

text: and

text: ecosystems

question: Which state is the largest in the country by land?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua

question: What percentage of the country does it make up?

answer: 12.6%

question: Which state borders Chihuahua to the direct west?

answer: Sonora

text: Sonora

question: Which U.S. state borders to the northeast?

answer: Texas

text: Texas


text: Medicine, which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition, saw new advances under Praxagoras of Kos, who theorized that blood traveled through the veins. Herophilos (335–280 BC) was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body, animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system, liver and other key organs. Inﬂuenced by Philinus of Cos (ﬂ. 250), a student of Herophilos, a new medical sect emerged, the Empiric school, which was based on strict observation and rejected unseen causes of the Dogmatic school.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Medicine

text: which

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Hippocratic

text: tradition

text: saw

text: new

text: advances

text: under

text: Praxagoras

text: of

text: Kos

text: who

text: theorized

text: that

text: blood

text: traveled

text: through

text: the

text: veins

text: Herophilos

text: BC

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: base

text: his

text: conclusions

text: on

text: dissection

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: animal

text: vivisection

text: and

text: to

text: provide

text: accurate

text: descriptions

text: of

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: liver

text: and

text: other

text: key

text: organs

text: Inﬂuenced

text: by

text: Philinus

text: of

text: Cos

text: ﬂ

text: a

text: student

text: of

text: Herophilos

text: a

text: new

text: medical

text: sect

text: emerged

text: the

text: Empiric

text: school

text: which

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: strict

text: observation

text: and

text: rejected

text: unseen

text: causes

text: of

text: the

text: Dogmatic

text: school

question: Who theorized that blood traveled through the veins?

answer: Praxagoras of Kos

text: Praxagoras of Kos

question: Who was the first to finalize his conclusions with dissections of cadevers?

answer: Herophilos

text: Herophilos

question: Which school of medicine was based on strict observation?

answer: Empiric

text: Empiric

question: Who was the first to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system?

answer: Herophilos

text: Herophilos


text: To clean up pollution, the federal and local governments implemented numerous plans including the constant monitoring and reporting of environmental conditions, such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. When the levels of these two pollutants reached critical levels, contingency actions were implemented which included closing factories, changing school hours, and extending the A day without a car program to two days of the week. The government also instituted industrial technology improvements, a strict biannual vehicle emission inspection and the reformulation of gasoline and diesel fuels. The introduction of Metrobús bus rapid transit and the Ecobici bike-sharing were among efforts to encourage alternate, greener forms of transportation.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: To

text: clean

text: up

text: pollution

text: the

text: federal

text: and

text: local

text: governments

text: implemented

text: numerous

text: plans

text: including

text: the

text: constant

text: monitoring

text: and

text: reporting

text: of

text: environmental

text: conditions

text: such

text: as

text: ozone

text: and

text: nitrogen

text: oxides

text: When

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: pollutants

text: reached

text: critical

text: levels

text: contingency

text: actions

text: were

text: implemented

text: which

text: included

text: closing

text: factories

text: changing

text: school

text: hours

text: and

text: extending

text: the

text: A

text: day

text: without

text: a

text: car

text: program

text: to

text: two

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: week

text: The

text: government

text: also

text: instituted

text: industrial

text: technology

text: improvements

text: a

text: strict

text: biannual

text: vehicle

text: emission

text: inspection

text: and

text: the

text: reformulation

text: of

text: gasoline

text: and

text: diesel

text: fuels

text: The

text: introduction

text: of

text: Metrobús

text: bus

text: rapid

text: transit

text: and

text: the

text: Ecobici

text: bike

text: sharing

text: were

text: among

text: efforts

text: to

text: encourage

text: alternate

text: greener

text: forms

text: of

text: transportation

question: What is the bus system called in Mexico City?

answer: Metrobús

text: Metrobús

question: What is the bike-sharing program called in Mexico City?

answer: Ecobici

text: Ecobici

question: How many days a week does the city encourage people to go without a car?

answer: two days

text: two days

question: What pollutants does the city closely monitor?

answer: ozone and nitrogen oxides

text: ozone and nitrogen oxides

question: How often do citizens need to get their cars examined?

answer: biannual

text: biannual


text: In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Mahayana Buddhism instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path, a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening. Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: In

text: Theravada

text: Buddhism

text: the

text: ultimate

text: goal

text: is

text: the

text: attainment

text: of

text: the

text: sublime

text: state

text: of

text: Nirvana

text: achieved

text: by

text: practicing

text: the

text: Noble

text: Eightfold

text: Path

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Middle

text: Way

text: thus

text: escaping

text: what

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: cycle

text: of

text: suffering

text: and

text: rebirth

text: Mahayana

text: Buddhism

text: instead

text: aspires

text: to

text: Buddhahood

text: via

text: the

text: bodhisattva

text: path

text: a

text: state

text: wherein

text: one

text: remains

text: in

text: this

text: cycle

text: to

text: help

text: other

text: beings

text: reach

text: awakening

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: aspires

text: to

text: Buddhahood

text: or

text: rainbow

text: body

question: What is the goal of Theravada Buddhism?

answer: the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana

text: the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana

question: How is Nirvana achieved?

answer: practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way)

text: practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way)

question: What is the bodhisattva path?

answer: a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening

text: a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening

question: What is the goal of Tibetan Buddhism?

answer: Buddhahood or rainbow body

text: Buddhahood or rainbow body

question: How is Nirvana attained?

answer: by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path

text: by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path

question: In what buddhism is the goal a state of nirvana?

answer: Theravada

text: Theravada

question: What buddhism has a goal of Buddhahood or rainbow body?

answer: Tibetan

text: Tibetan

question: The Noble Eightfold Path is also known as what?

answer: the Middle Way

text: the Middle Way

question: Mahayana aspires to Buddhahood through what path?

answer: bodhisattva

text: bodhisattva

question: Theravada escapes what cycle?

answer: suffering and rebirth

text: suffering and rebirth


text: In 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehensive schools were established under Mrs Thatcher than any other education secretary.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: In

text: Margaret

text: Thatcher

text: became

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Education

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Conservative

text: government

text: She

text: ended

text: the

text: compulsion

text: on

text: local

text: authorities

text: to

text: convert

text: however

text: many

text: local

text: authorities

text: were

text: so

text: far

text: down

text: the

text: path

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: prohibitively

text: expensive

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: reverse

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: more

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: were

text: established

text: under

text: Mrs

text: Thatcher

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: education

text: secretary

question: Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?

answer: Margaret Thatcher

text: Margaret Thatcher

question: What kind of school did Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?

answer: comprehensive

text: comprehensive

question: What party was in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?

answer: Conservative

text: Conservative

question: Who wasn't made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?

text: Margaret Thatcher

question: Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1972?

text: Margaret Thatcher

question: What kind of school didn't Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?

text: comprehensive

question: What kind of school did Thatcher start the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?

text: comprehensive

question: What party wasn't in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?

text: Conservative


text: A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one construes oneself as one was in the past and how one construes oneself as one aspires to be in the future"; this allows for definitions of aspects of identity, such as: "One's ethnic identity is defined as that part of the totality of one's self-construal made up of those dimensions that express the continuity between one's construal of past ancestry and one's future aspirations in relation to ethnicity" (Weinreich, 1986a).

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: A

text: psychological

text: identity

text: relates

text: to

text: self

text: image

text: one

text: 's

text: mental

text: model

text: of

text: oneself

text: self

text: esteem

text: and

text: individuality

text: Consequently

text: Weinreich

text: gives

text: the

text: definition

text: A

text: person

text: 's

text: identity

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: self

text: construal

text: in

text: which

text: how

text: one

text: construes

text: oneself

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: expresses

text: the

text: continuity

text: between

text: how

text: one

text: construes

text: oneself

text: as

text: one

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: and

text: how

text: one

text: construes

text: oneself

text: as

text: one

text: aspires

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: this

text: allows

text: for

text: definitions

text: of

text: aspects

text: of

text: identity

text: such

text: as

text: One

text: 's

text: ethnic

text: identity

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: that

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: self

text: construal

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: those

text: dimensions

text: that

text: express

text: the

text: continuity

text: between

text: one

text: 's

text: construal

text: of

text: past

text: ancestry

text: and

text: one

text: 's

text: future

text: aspirations

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: ethnicity

text: Weinreich

question: Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what?

answer: A psychological identity

text: A psychological identity

question: What aspect or type of identity does Weinreich single out?

answer: ethnic identity

text: ethnic identity

question: What psychological concept does Weinreich state as between the past and future?

answer: identity

text: identity

question: A person's identity is defined as the totality of what?

answer: one's self-construal

text: one's self-construal

question: What does the physical identity relate to?

question: What is defined as part of the totality of one's self construal that expresses discord between once construal of past ancestry?

text: One's ethnic identity

question: What relates to once image of others?

text: A psychological identity

question: What is defined as how one aspires to construe oneself in the past and how one construes oneself in the future?

text: A person's identity


text: Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Capital

text: punishment

text: was

text: suspended

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: through

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: 's

text: decision

text: in

text: Furman

text: v.

text: Georgia

text: The

text: last

text: pre

text: Furman

text: execution

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: Luis

text: Monge

text: on

text: June

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: the

text: court

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: was

text: being

text: imposed

text: in

text: an

text: unconstitutional

text: manner

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: cruel

text: and

text: unusual

text: punishment

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: Eighth

text: Amendment

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: never

text: ruled

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: to

text: be

text: per

text: se

text: unconstitutional

question: In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US?

answer: 1972

question: What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended?

answer: Furman v. Georgia

text: Furman v. Georgia

question: Who was executed on June 2, 1967?

answer: Luis Monge

text: Luis Monge

question: What amendment to the United States Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment?

answer: Eighth

text: Eighth

question: In what year was the suspension of the death penalty in the United States ended?

answer: 1976

question: In what year was the death penalty allowed in the US?

question: What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being allowed?

text: Furman v. Georgia

question: Who was executed on June 2, 1987?

text: Luis Monge

question: What amendment to the United States Constitution allows cruel and unusual punishment?

text: Eighth

question: In what year was the suspension of the death penalty in South America ended?


text: The Standard Output Sensitivity (SOS) technique, also new in the 2006 version of the standard, effectively specifies that the average level in the sRGB image must be 18% gray plus or minus 1/3 stop when the exposure is controlled by an automatic exposure control system calibrated per ISO 2721 and set to the EI with no exposure compensation. Because the output level is measured in the sRGB output from the camera, it is only applicable to sRGB images—typically JPEG—and not to output files in raw image format. It is not applicable when multi-zone metering is used.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: Standard

text: Output

text: Sensitivity

text: SOS

text: technique

text: also

text: new

text: in

text: the

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: effectively

text: specifies

text: that

text: the

text: average

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: sRGB

text: image

text: must

text: be

text: gray

text: plus

text: or

text: minus

text: stop

text: when

text: the

text: exposure

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: an

text: automatic

text: exposure

text: control

text: system

text: calibrated

text: per

text: ISO

text: and

text: set

text: to

text: the

text: EI

text: with

text: no

text: exposure

text: compensation

text: Because

text: the

text: output

text: level

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: the

text: sRGB

text: output

text: from

text: the

text: camera

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: applicable

text: to

text: sRGB

text: images

text: typically

text: JPEG

text: and

text: not

text: to

text: output

text: files

text: in

text: raw

text: image

text: format

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: applicable

text: when

text: multi

text: zone

text: metering

text: is

text: used

question: What year was the Standard Output Sensitivity technique introduced?

answer: 2006

question: What does the Standard Output Sensitivity technique apply to?

answer: sRGB images—typically JPEG

text: sRGB images—typically JPEG

question: What is the output level measured in?

answer: the sRGB output from the camera

text: the sRGB output from the camera

question: With what type of metering can the Standard Output Sensitivity not be used?

answer: multi-zone metering

text: multi-zone metering

question: With what standard is the automatic exposure control system calibrated?

answer: ISO 2721

text: ISO 2721

question: What technique was removed in the 2006 standards?

text: The Standard Output Sensitivity (SOS)

question: When exposure is not automatically controlled, what is the gray set at?

question: How are files in raw measured?

text: 18% gray plus or minus 1/3 stop

question: Multi-zone metering uses what ISO calibration?

question: When was the SOS technique applied to raw images?


text: During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century, with numerous trading stations established, especially in the North. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand's founding document, but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: During

text: his

text: voyage

text: Cook

text: also

text: visited

text: New

text: Zealand

text: first

text: discovered

text: by

text: Dutch

text: explorer

text: Abel

text: Tasman

text: in

text: and

text: claimed

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: islands

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: crown

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: Initially

text: interaction

text: between

text: the

text: indigenous

text: Māori

text: population

text: and

text: Europeans

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: trading

text: of

text: goods

text: European

text: settlement

text: increased

text: through

text: the

text: early

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: numerous

text: trading

text: stations

text: established

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: In

text: the

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Company

text: announced

text: plans

text: to

text: buy

text: large

text: tracts

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: establish

text: colonies

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: On

text: February

text: Captain

text: William

text: Hobson

text: and

text: around

text: Maori

text: chiefs

text: signed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Waitangi

text: This

text: treaty

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: founding

text: document

text: but

text: differing

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: Maori

text: and

text: English

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: text

text: have

text: meant

text: that

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: dispute

question: When was New Zealand discovered by the Dutch?

answer: 1642

question: Who discovered New Zealand for the Dutch?

answer: Abel Tasman

text: Abel Tasman

question: When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island?

answer: 1769

question: What is New Zealand's native population called?

answer: Māori

text: Māori

question: Who signed a treaty with the Maori?

answer: Captain William Hobson

text: Captain William Hobson


text: The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: town

text: experienced

text: major

text: expansion

text: during

text: the

text: Victorian

text: era

text: The

text: Southampton

text: Docks

text: company

text: had

text: been

text: formed

text: in

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: foundation

text: stone

text: of

text: the

text: docks

text: was

text: laid

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: dock

text: opened

text: in

text: The

text: structural

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: of

text: docks

text: continued

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: decades

text: The

text: railway

text: link

text: to

text: London

text: was

text: fully

text: opened

text: in

text: May

text: Southampton

text: subsequently

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Gateway

text: to

text: the

text: Empire

question: In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly?

answer: Victorian era

text: Victorian era

question: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?

answer: 1835

question: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?

answer: October

text: October

question: What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?

answer: 1840

question: What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?

answer: The Gateway to the Empire

text: The Gateway to the Empire


text: This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Mesopotamia toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognized as a major problem. Poorly drained irrigated soils, in an arid climate with high levels of evaporation, led to the buildup of dissolved salts in the soil, eventually reducing agricultural yields severely. During the Akkadian and Ur III phases, there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, but this was insufficient, and during the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimated that the population in this area declined by nearly three fifths. This greatly upset the balance of power within the region, weakening the areas where Sumerian was spoken, and comparatively strengthening those where Akkadian was the major language. Henceforth Sumerian would remain only a literary and liturgical language, similar to the position occupied by Latin in medieval Europe.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: This

text: period

text: is

text: generally

text: taken

text: to

text: coincide

text: with

text: a

text: major

text: shift

text: in

text: population

text: from

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: toward

text: the

text: north

text: Ecologically

text: the

text: agricultural

text: productivity

text: of

text: the

text: Sumerian

text: lands

text: was

text: being

text: compromised

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: rising

text: salinity

text: Soil

text: salinity

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: had

text: been

text: long

text: recognized

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: problem

text: Poorly

text: drained

text: irrigated

text: soils

text: in

text: an

text: arid

text: climate

text: with

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: evaporation

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: buildup

text: of

text: dissolved

text: salts

text: in

text: the

text: soil

text: eventually

text: reducing

text: agricultural

text: yields

text: severely

text: During

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: and

text: Ur

text: III

text: phases

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: shift

text: from

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: wheat

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: salt

text: tolerant

text: barley

text: but

text: this

text: was

text: insufficient

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: it

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: declined

text: by

text: nearly

text: three

text: fifths

text: This

text: greatly

text: upset

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: weakening

text: the

text: areas

text: where

text: Sumerian

text: was

text: spoken

text: and

text: comparatively

text: strengthening

text: those

text: where

text: Akkadian

text: was

text: the

text: major

text: language

text: Henceforth

text: Sumerian

text: would

text: remain

text: only

text: a

text: literary

text: and

text: liturgical

text: language

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: occupied

text: by

text: Latin

text: in

text: medieval

text: Europe

question: What effect was rising salinity having on the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands?

answer: compromised

text: compromised

question: The salinity of what in the region was long recognized as a major problem?

answer: Soil

text: Soil

question: Poorly drained irrigated soils in an arid climate with a good deal of evaporation is responsible for leaving what?

answer: dissolved salts

text: dissolved salts

question: What did cultivation shift from to salt-tolerant barley during the Ur III phase?

answer: wheat

text: wheat

question: How much did the population of the region decline due to the decrease in crop productivity?

answer: by nearly three fifths

text: by nearly three fifths

question: What shifted from the north to the south of Mesopotamia?

text: population

question: What was increasing agricultural productivity in the area?

text: rising salinity

question: What crop was more salt tolerant than barley?

text: wheat

question: What caused the population to decrease between the 21st and 17th century BC?

text: reducing agricultural yields

question: What weakened the areas where Akkadian was spoken?

text: the population in this area declined


text: After wrapping up in England, production travelled to Morocco in June, with filming taking place in Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, after preliminary work was completed by the production's second unit. An explosion filmed in Morocco holds a Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history, with the record credited to production designer Chris Corbould. Principal photography concluded on 5 July 2015. A wrap-up party for Spectre was held in commemoration before entering post-production. Filming took 128 days.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: After

text: wrapping

text: up

text: in

text: England

text: production

text: travelled

text: to

text: Morocco

text: in

text: June

text: with

text: filming

text: taking

text: place

text: in

text: Oujda

text: Tangier

text: and

text: Erfoud

text: after

text: preliminary

text: work

text: was

text: completed

text: by

text: the

text: production

text: 's

text: second

text: unit

text: An

text: explosion

text: filmed

text: in

text: Morocco

text: holds

text: a

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Record

text: for

text: the

text: Largest

text: film

text: stunt

text: explosion

text: in

text: cinematic

text: history

text: with

text: the

text: record

text: credited

text: to

text: production

text: designer

text: Chris

text: Corbould

text: Principal

text: photography

text: concluded

text: on

text: July

text: A

text: wrap

text: up

text: party

text: for

text: Spectre

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: commemoration

text: before

text: entering

text: post

text: production

text: Filming

text: took

text: days

question: Which three locations in Morocco were used in filming?

answer: Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud

text: Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud

question: What Guinness record was set during the filming of Spectre?

answer: Largest film stunt explosion

text: Largest film stunt explosion

question: Who was the Guinness record attributed to?

answer: Chris Corbould

text: Chris Corbould

question: How long did it take to shoot Spectre?

answer: 128 days

text: 128 days

question: Where did production go to after leaving London?

answer: Morocco

text: Morocco

question: What Guinness World Record does the film hold?

answer: Largest film stunt explosion

text: Largest film stunt explosion

question: How many day did filming take

answer: 128 days.

text: 128 days.

question: The Guinness World record was credited to which production designer?

answer: Chris Corbould

text: Chris Corbould

question: An explosion filmed in Mexico holds the Guinness World Record for what?

text: Largest film stunt explosion

question: The record was credited to which screenwriter?

text: Chris Corbould

question: What was held in post-production before entering commemoration?

text: wrap-up party

question: What took 182 days?

text: Filming

question: An explosion filmed in what city holds the Guinness World Record for "Smallest film stunt explosion"?

text: Morocco

question: Mexico was the site for which Guinness World Record?

text: Largest film stunt explosion

question: Screenwriter Chris Corbould was credited with what Guinness World Record?

text: Largest film stunt explosion

question: Principal photography began on what date?

text: 5 July 2015


text: Contrary to the diffusionist theory, it appears that there was simultaneously a structural evolution towards the pointed arch, for the purpose of vaulting spaces of irregular plan, or to bring transverse vaults to the same height as diagonal vaults. This latter occurs at Durham Cathedral in the nave aisles in 1093. Pointed arches also occur extensively in Romanesque decorative blind arcading, where semi-circular arches overlap each other in a simple decorative pattern, and the points are accidental to the design.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: Contrary

text: to

text: the

text: diffusionist

text: theory

text: it

text: appears

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: simultaneously

text: a

text: structural

text: evolution

text: towards

text: the

text: pointed

text: arch

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: vaulting

text: spaces

text: of

text: irregular

text: plan

text: or

text: to

text: bring

text: transverse

text: vaults

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: height

text: as

text: diagonal

text: vaults

text: This

text: latter

text: occurs

text: at

text: Durham

text: Cathedral

text: in

text: the

text: nave

text: aisles

text: in

text: Pointed

text: arches

text: also

text: occur

text: extensively

text: in

text: Romanesque

text: decorative

text: blind

text: arcading

text: where

text: semi

text: circular

text: arches

text: overlap

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: a

text: simple

text: decorative

text: pattern

text: and

text: the

text: points

text: are

text: accidental

text: to

text: the

text: design

question: The use of the pointed arch for bringing transverse vaults to the same height diagonal ones, is in disagreement with what theory?

answer: the diffusionist theory

text: the diffusionist theory

question: At which cathedral is the pointed arch used to match the heights of transverse and diagonal vaults?

answer: Durham Cathedral

text: Durham Cathedral

question: In what type of decorative blind arcading are pointed arches common?

answer: Romanesque

text: Romanesque

question: When semicircular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?

answer: points

text: points

question: Which cathedral is the twisted arch used to match the heights of transverse and diagonal vaults?

text: Durham Cathedral

question: What type of decorative blind are curved arches common?

text: Romanesque

question: When triangular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?

text: points

question: What theory was not supported by anyone?

text: the diffusionist theory


text: To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's present land area was submerged. The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. Mid-ocean ridge activity—or rather, the circulation of seawater through the enlarged ridges—enriched the oceans in calcium; this made the oceans more saturated, as well as increased the bioavailability of the element for calcareous nanoplankton. These widespread carbonates and other sedimentary deposits make the Cretaceous rock record especially fine. Famous formations from North America include the rich marine fossils of Kansas's Smoky Hill Chalk Member and the terrestrial fauna of the late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation. Other important Cretaceous exposures occur in Europe and China. In the area that is now India, massive lava beds called the Deccan Traps were laid down in the very late Cretaceous and early Paleocene.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Africa

text: the

text: Tethys

text: Sea

text: continued

text: to

text: narrow

text: Broad

text: shallow

text: seas

text: advanced

text: across

text: central

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: Western

text: Interior

text: Seaway

text: and

text: Europe

text: then

text: receded

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: leaving

text: thick

text: marine

text: deposits

text: sandwiched

text: between

text: coal

text: beds

text: At

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: transgression

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: present

text: land

text: area

text: was

text: submerged

text: The

text: Cretaceous

text: is

text: justly

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: chalk

text: indeed

text: more

text: chalk

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: than

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: Mid

text: ocean

text: ridge

text: activity

text: or

text: rather

text: the

text: circulation

text: of

text: seawater

text: through

text: the

text: enlarged

text: ridges

text: enriched

text: the

text: oceans

text: in

text: calcium

text: this

text: made

text: the

text: oceans

text: more

text: saturated

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: increased

text: the

text: bioavailability

text: of

text: the

text: element

text: for

text: calcareous

text: nanoplankton

text: These

text: widespread

text: carbonates

text: and

text: other

text: sedimentary

text: deposits

text: make

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: rock

text: record

text: especially

text: fine

text: Famous

text: formations

text: from

text: North

text: America

text: include

text: the

text: rich

text: marine

text: fossils

text: of

text: Kansas

text: 's

text: Smoky

text: Hill

text: Chalk

text: Member

text: and

text: the

text: terrestrial

text: fauna

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Cretaceous

text: Hell

text: Creek

text: Formation

text: Other

text: important

text: Cretaceous

text: exposures

text: occur

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: China

text: In

text: the

text: area

text: that

text: is

text: now

text: India

text: massive

text: lava

text: beds

text: called

text: the

text: Deccan

text: Traps

text: were

text: laid

text: down

text: in

text: the

text: very

text: late

text: Cretaceous

text: and

text: early

text: Paleocene

question: During the height of the Cretaceous transgression how much of the earths land mass was under water?

answer: one-third

text: one-third

question: What type of rock was the Cretaceous notable for forming the most amount of?

answer: Phanerozoic

text: Phanerozoic

question: The Cretaceous is a part of which geologic era?

answer: Phanerozoic

text: Phanerozoic

question: Where can one find the Smoky Hill Chalk Member?

answer: North America

text: North America

question: Where are the Deccan Traps?

answer: India

text: India

question: What sea north of Africa coninued to broaden?

text: the Tethys Sea

question: Early in what period did the sea recede across central North America?

text: Cretaceous

question: The Phanerozoic is part of what geological era?

text: Phanerozoic.

question: What famouse lava beds are found in Europe?

text: Deccan Traps