text: An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: An

text: armed

text: rebellion

text: beginning

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: African

text: Party

text: for

text: the

text: Independence

text: of

text: Guinea

text: and

text: Cape

text: Verde

text: PAIGC

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Amílcar

text: Cabral

text: gradually

text: consolidated

text: its

text: hold

text: on

text: then

text: Portuguese

text: Guinea

text: Unlike

text: guerrilla

text: movements

text: in

text: other

text: Portuguese

text: colonies

text: the

text: PAIGC

text: rapidly

text: extended

text: its

text: military

text: control

text: over

text: large

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: jungle

text: like

text: terrain

text: its

text: easily

text: reached

text: borderlines

text: with

text: neighbouring

text: allies

text: and

text: large

text: quantities

text: of

text: arms

text: from

text: Cuba

text: China

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: left

text: leaning

text: African

text: countries

text: Cuba

text: also

text: agreed

text: to

text: supply

text: artillery

text: experts

text: doctors

text: and

text: technicians

text: The

text: PAIGC

text: even

text: managed

text: to

text: acquire

text: a

text: significant

text: anti

text: aircraft

text: capability

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: defend

text: itself

text: against

text: aerial

text: attack

text: By

text: the

text: PAIGC

text: was

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Guinea

text: although

text: the

text: movement

text: suffered

text: a

text: setback

text: in

text: January

text: when

text: Cabral

text: was

text: assassinated

question: What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)

text: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)

question: When did the armed rebellion begin?

answer: 1956

question: Who was the leader of the armed rebellion?

answer: Amílcar Cabral

text: Amílcar Cabral

question: Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels?

answer: Cuba

text: Cuba

question: When was Cabral assassinated?

answer: January 1973

text: January 1973


text: The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: two

text: local

text: Sunday

text: Leagues

text: in

text: the

text: Southampton

text: area

text: are

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Southampton

text: Sunday

text: Football

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: Southampton

text: and

text: District

text: Sunday

text: Football

text: League

question: Local Southampton football leagues have what day of the week in their names?

answer: Sunday

text: Sunday

question: How many local Sunday football leagues does Southampton have?

answer: two

text: two

question: What's the name of the local league with "City" in its name?

answer: City of Southampton Sunday Football League

text: City of Southampton Sunday Football League

question: What's the name of the the local league with "District" in its name?

answer: Southampton and District Sunday Football League

text: Southampton and District Sunday Football League


text: On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance were made on the southern beaches of the island of Mindoro, a key location in the planned Lingayen Gulf operations, in support of major landings scheduled on Luzon. On 9 January 1945, on the south shore of Lingayen Gulf on the western coast of Luzon, General Krueger's Sixth Army landed his first units. Almost 175,000 men followed across the twenty-mile (32 km) beachhead within a few days. With heavy air support, Army units pushed inland, taking Clark Field, 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manila, in the last week of January.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: On

text: December

text: landings

text: against

text: minimal

text: resistance

text: were

text: made

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: beaches

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Mindoro

text: a

text: key

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: planned

text: Lingayen

text: Gulf

text: operations

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: major

text: landings

text: scheduled

text: on

text: Luzon

text: On

text: January

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: shore

text: of

text: Lingayen

text: Gulf

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: Luzon

text: General

text: Krueger

text: 's

text: Sixth

text: Army

text: landed

text: his

text: first

text: units

text: Almost

text: men

text: followed

text: across

text: the

text: twenty

text: mile

text: km

text: beachhead

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: days

text: With

text: heavy

text: air

text: support

text: Army

text: units

text: pushed

text: inland

text: taking

text: Clark

text: Field

text: miles

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: Manila

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: week

text: of

text: January

question: Landings were made on the beaches of what island on December 15, 1944?

answer: Mindoro

text: Mindoro

question: Lingayen Gulf operations supported what landings?

answer: Luzon

text: Luzon

question: Who led the Sixth Army?

answer: General Krueger

text: General Krueger

question: Clark field was how many miles northwest of Manila?

answer: 40


text: Victoria later described her childhood as "rather melancholy". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's bastard children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash. Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Victoria

text: later

text: described

text: her

text: childhood

text: as

text: rather

text: melancholy

text: Her

text: mother

text: was

text: extremely

text: protective

text: and

text: Victoria

text: was

text: raised

text: largely

text: isolated

text: from

text: other

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Kensington

text: System

text: an

text: elaborate

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: and

text: protocols

text: devised

text: by

text: the

text: Duchess

text: and

text: her

text: ambitious

text: and

text: domineering

text: comptroller

text: Sir

text: John

text: Conroy

text: who

text: was

text: rumoured

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Duchess

text: 's

text: lover

text: The

text: system

text: prevented

text: the

text: princess

text: from

text: meeting

text: people

text: whom

text: her

text: mother

text: and

text: Conroy

text: deemed

text: undesirable

text: including

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: family

text: and

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: render

text: her

text: weak

text: and

text: dependent

text: upon

text: them

text: The

text: Duchess

text: avoided

text: the

text: court

text: because

text: she

text: was

text: scandalised

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: King

text: William

text: 's

text: bastard

text: children

text: and

text: perhaps

text: prompted

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: Victorian

text: morality

text: by

text: insisting

text: that

text: her

text: daughter

text: avoid

text: any

text: appearance

text: of

text: sexual

text: impropriety

text: Victoria

text: shared

text: a

text: bedroom

text: with

text: her

text: mother

text: every

text: night

text: studied

text: with

text: private

text: tutors

text: to

text: a

text: regular

text: timetable

text: and

text: spent

text: her

text: play

text: hours

text: with

text: her

text: dolls

text: and

text: her

text: King

text: Charles

text: spaniel

text: Dash

text: Her

text: lessons

text: included

text: French

text: German

text: Italian

text: and

text: Latin

text: but

text: she

text: spoke

text: only

text: English

text: at

text: home

question: Who was extremely protective over Victoria?

answer: mother

text: mother

question: What system of rules kept her isolated from other children?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: Who was the Dutchess' rumored lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: What was Victoria's dog's name?

answer: Dash

text: Dash

question: During her free time, what did she play with?

answer: dolls

text: dolls

question: Who did Victoria share a bedroom with when she was a child?

answer: her mother

text: her mother

question: What languages did Victoria take lessons in?

answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

text: French, German, Italian, and Latin

question: What was the only language Victoria spoke at home?

answer: English

text: English

question: Who was Victoria's mothers lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: What is the formal name given to the system of rules Victoria was raised under?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: What system did Victorias mother raise her under?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: Who was Victorias mothers comptroller?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: Who was rumored to be Victorias mothers lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: Who was the Duchess's suspected lover?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: What was the name of Victoria's childhood dog?

answer: Dash

text: Dash

question: What was the Kensington System?

answer: an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess

text: an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess

question: How did Victoria describe her childhood?

answer: rather melancholy

text: rather melancholy

question: What languages did Victoria study?

answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

text: French, German, Italian, and Latin

question: What was the name of Victoria's King Charles Spaniel?

answer: Dash

text: Dash

question: What are some of the languages that Victoria studied?

answer: French, German, Italian, and Latin

text: French, German, Italian, and Latin

question: What system was in place to raise and educate Victoria; while also rendering her weak and dependent?

answer: Kensington System

text: Kensington System

question: Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort?

answer: Sir John Conroy

text: Sir John Conroy

question: Who was included in the list of people that the Duchess and Sir John Conroy didn't want the Princess Victoria associating with?

answer: most of her father's family

text: most of her father's family

question: Who was extremely unprotective over Victoria?

text: mother

question: What system of rules kept her in contact with other children?

text: Kensington System

question: Who was the Dutchess' rumored friend?

text: Sir John Conroy

question: What was Victoria's cat's name?

text: Dash

question: During her free time, what didn't she play with?

text: dolls


text: The year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000 in the Battle of Maxen. Frederick himself lost half his army in the Battle of Kunersdorf (now Kunowice Poland), the worst defeat in his military career and one that drove him to the brink of abdication and thoughts of suicide. The disaster resulted partly from his misjudgment of the Russians, who had already demonstrated their strength at Zorndorf and at Gross-Jägersdorf (now Motornoye, Russia), and partly from good cooperation between the Russian and Austrian forces.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: year

text: saw

text: several

text: Prussian

text: defeats

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kay

text: or

text: Paltzig

text: the

text: Russian

text: Count

text: Saltykov

text: with

text: Russians

text: defeated

text: Prussians

text: commanded

text: by

text: General

text: Carl

text: Heinrich

text: von

text: Wedel

text: Though

text: the

text: Hanoverians

text: defeated

text: an

text: army

text: of

text: French

text: at

text: Minden

text: Austrian

text: general

text: Daun

text: forced

text: the

text: surrender

text: of

text: an

text: entire

text: Prussian

text: corps

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Maxen

text: Frederick

text: himself

text: lost

text: half

text: his

text: army

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kunersdorf

text: now

text: Kunowice

text: Poland

text: the

text: worst

text: defeat

text: in

text: his

text: military

text: career

text: and

text: one

text: that

text: drove

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: brink

text: of

text: abdication

text: and

text: thoughts

text: of

text: suicide

text: The

text: disaster

text: resulted

text: partly

text: from

text: his

text: misjudgment

text: of

text: the

text: Russians

text: who

text: had

text: already

text: demonstrated

text: their

text: strength

text: at

text: Zorndorf

text: and

text: at

text: Gross

text: Jägersdorf

text: now

text: Motornoye

text: Russia

text: and

text: partly

text: from

text: good

text: cooperation

text: between

text: the

text: Russian

text: and

text: Austrian

text: forces

question: How did the Prussian army perform in 1759/

answer: 1759 saw several Prussian defeats

text: 1759 saw several Prussian defeats

question: How would one characterize the encounter with the Russian army in 1757?

answer: 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians

text: 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians

question: What happened at Minden in 1757?

answer: the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French

text: the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French

question: What was the result of the Battle of Maxen?

answer: Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000

text: Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000

question: What happened to Frederick's army at the Battle at Kunersdorf?

answer: Frederick himself lost half his army

text: Frederick himself lost half his army


text: Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab and oriental origins. Arabic and, to a lesser degree, Persian became important sources of material and perhaps of techniques for revitalized Western traditions, which in time would overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Arabic

text: translation

text: efforts

text: and

text: techniques

text: are

text: important

text: to

text: Western

text: translation

text: traditions

text: due

text: to

text: centuries

text: of

text: close

text: contacts

text: and

text: exchanges

text: Especially

text: after

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: Europeans

text: began

text: more

text: intensive

text: study

text: of

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Persian

text: translations

text: of

text: classical

text: works

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: scientific

text: and

text: philosophical

text: works

text: of

text: Arab

text: and

text: oriental

text: origins

text: Arabic

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: degree

text: Persian

text: became

text: important

text: sources

text: of

text: material

text: and

text: perhaps

text: of

text: techniques

text: for

text: revitalized

text: Western

text: traditions

text: which

text: in

text: time

text: would

text: overtake

text: the

text: Islamic

text: and

text: oriental

text: traditions

question: Why are Arabic translation efforts important to Western translation traditions?

answer: centuries of close contacts and exchanges

text: centuries of close contacts and exchanges

question: When did Europeans begin more intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works?

answer: after the Renaissance

text: after the Renaissance

question: What did Arabic, and to a less extent Persian, become to Europeans?

answer: important sources of material

text: important sources of material

question: What helped revitalize Western translation traditions from Arabic?

answer: techniques

text: techniques

question: What would Western traditions eventually do?

answer: overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions

text: overtake the Islamic and oriental traditions

question: Why are Arabic translation efforts pointless to Western translation traditions?

question: When did Europeans begin less intense studying of Arabic translations of classical works?

text: after the Renaissance

question: Who never studied Arabic and Persian translations?

text: Europeans

question: What helped ruin Western translation traditions from Arabic?

text: techniques

question: What would Western traditions eventually avoid?


text: Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: Old

text: English

text: was

text: not

text: static

text: and

text: its

text: usage

text: covered

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: settlement

text: of

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: some

text: time

text: after

text: the

text: Norman

text: invasion

text: While

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: dates

text: is

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: process

text: Albert

text: Baugh

text: dates

text: Old

text: English

text: from

text: to

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: full

text: inflections

text: a

text: synthetic

text: language

text: Perhaps

text: around

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: Old

text: English

text: words

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: in

text: use

text: but

text: those

text: that

text: survived

text: to

text: be

text: sure

text: are

text: basic

text: elements

text: of

text: Modern

text: English

text: vocabulary

question: For about how many years was Old English used?

answer: 700

question: In what century was Old English first used?

answer: 5th

question: In what century did Old English cease to be used?

answer: 11th

question: According to Albert Baugh, what was the period in which Old English was used?

answer: 450 to 1150

text: 450 to 1150

question: About what percentage of Old English words are not present in Modern English?

answer: 85

question: Where did Anglo-Saxons settle in the 500's?

text: Britain

question: What language stopped being used in Britain during the 1100's?

text: Old English

question: Who claims Old English was in use for from 450 to 1150 years?

text: Albert Baugh

question: 85% of what language is still in use today?

text: Old English


text: In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones. From the late 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues rock and was played louder and with more intensity.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: and

text: British

text: blues

text: and

text: rock

text: bands

text: began

text: to

text: modify

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: by

text: adding

text: harder

text: sounds

text: heavier

text: guitar

text: riffs

text: bombastic

text: drumming

text: and

text: louder

text: vocals

text: from

text: electric

text: blues

text: Early

text: forms

text: of

text: hard

text: rock

text: can

text: be

text: heard

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: musicians

text: Elmore

text: James

text: Muddy

text: Waters

text: and

text: Howlin

text: Wolf

text: The

text: Kingsmen

text: 's

text: version

text: of

text: Louie

text: Louie

text: which

text: made

text: it

text: a

text: garage

text: rock

text: standard

text: and

text: the

text: songs

text: of

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: influenced

text: British

text: Invasion

text: acts

text: including

text: You

text: Really

text: Got

text: Me

text: by

text: The

text: Kinks

text: My

text: Generation

text: by

text: The

text: Who

text: Shapes

text: of

text: Things

text: by

text: The

text: Yardbirds

text: and

text: I

text: Ca

text: n't

text: Get

text: No

text: Satisfaction

text: by

text: The

text: Rolling

text: Stones

text: From

text: the

text: late

text: it

text: became

text: common

text: to

text: divide

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: psychedelia

text: into

text: soft

text: and

text: hard

text: rock

text: Soft

text: rock

text: was

text: often

text: derived

text: from

text: folk

text: rock

text: using

text: acoustic

text: instruments

text: and

text: putting

text: more

text: emphasis

text: on

text: melody

text: and

text: harmonies

text: In

text: contrast

text: hard

text: rock

text: was

text: most

text: often

text: derived

text: from

text: blues

text: rock

text: and

text: was

text: played

text: louder

text: and

text: with

text: more

text: intensity

question: Who were three Chicago blues players who influenced hard rock?

answer: Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf

text: Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf

question: Who recorded "You Really Got Me"?

answer: The Kinks

text: The Kinks

question: "Shapes of Things" was a 1966 single by what band?

answer: The Yardbirds

text: The Yardbirds

question: What garage rock classic was recorded by The Kingsmen?

answer: "Louie Louie"

text: "Louie Louie"

question: When did the Rolling Stones release "(I Can't Get No" Satisfaction"?

answer: 1965

question: When did rock bands began to modify rock by using softer sounds?

text: In the 1960s

question: When did Muddy Waters record the song Louie Louie?

question: When did The Yardbirds record the song You Really Got Me?

question: What song did The Kinks record in 1965?

text: My Generation

question: Who was a Chicago blues player who had very little influence on hard rock?

text: Howlin' Wolf


text: The administration of London is formed of two tiers—a city-wide, strategic tier and a local tier. City-wide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components; the Mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall, Southwark; the mayor is Boris Johnson. The mayor's statutory planning strategy is published as the London Plan, which was most recently revised in 2011. The local authorities are the councils of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London Corporation. They are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, schools, social services, local roads and refuse collection. Certain functions, such as waste management, are provided through joint arrangements. In 2009–2010 the combined revenue expenditure by London councils and the GLA amounted to just over £22 billion (£14.7 billion for the boroughs and £7.4 billion for the GLA).

title: London

title: London

text: The

text: administration

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: formed

text: of

text: two

text: tiers

text: a

text: city

text: wide

text: strategic

text: tier

text: and

text: a

text: local

text: tier

text: City

text: wide

text: administration

text: is

text: coordinated

text: by

text: the

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: GLA

text: while

text: local

text: administration

text: is

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: smaller

text: authorities

text: The

text: GLA

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: elected

text: components

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: who

text: has

text: executive

text: powers

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: which

text: scrutinises

text: the

text: mayor

text: 's

text: decisions

text: and

text: can

text: accept

text: or

text: reject

text: the

text: mayor

text: 's

text: budget

text: proposals

text: each

text: year

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: GLA

text: is

text: City

text: Hall

text: Southwark

text: the

text: mayor

text: is

text: Boris

text: Johnson

text: The

text: mayor

text: 's

text: statutory

text: planning

text: strategy

text: is

text: published

text: as

text: the

text: London

text: Plan

text: which

text: was

text: most

text: recently

text: revised

text: in

text: The

text: local

text: authorities

text: are

text: the

text: councils

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: boroughs

text: and

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: Corporation

text: They

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: most

text: local

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: local

text: planning

text: schools

text: social

text: services

text: local

text: roads

text: and

text: refuse

text: collection

text: Certain

text: functions

text: such

text: as

text: waste

text: management

text: are

text: provided

text: through

text: joint

text: arrangements

text: In

text: the

text: combined

text: revenue

text: expenditure

text: by

text: London

text: councils

text: and

text: the

text: GLA

text: amounted

text: to

text: just

text: over

text: billion

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: boroughs

text: and

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: GLA

question: London's government administration is comprised of how many tiers?

answer: two

text: two

question: What governmental entity oversees London's city-wide administrative tier?

answer: the Greater London Authority (GLA)

text: the Greater London Authority (GLA)

question: Who is the current Mayor of London?

answer: Boris Johnson

text: Boris Johnson

question: How many boroughs does London consist of?

answer: 32

question: What group of elected officials provides checks and balances on the Mayor's executive authority?

answer: the London Assembly

text: the London Assembly


text: In 2010 Piraeus handled 513,319 TEUs, followed by Thessaloniki, which handled 273,282 TEUs. In the same year, 83.9 million people passed through Greece's ports, 12.7 million through the port of Paloukia in Salamis, another 12.7 through the port of Perama, 9.5 million through Piraeus and 2.7 million through Igoumenitsa. In 2013, Piraeus handled a record 3.16 million TEUs, the third-largest figure in the Mediterranean, of which 2.52 million were transported through Pier II, owned by COSCO and 644,000 were transported through Pier I, owned by the Greek state.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: In

text: Piraeus

text: handled

text: TEUs

text: followed

text: by

text: Thessaloniki

text: which

text: handled

text: TEUs

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: million

text: people

text: passed

text: through

text: Greece

text: 's

text: ports

text: million

text: through

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Paloukia

text: in

text: Salamis

text: another

text: through

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Perama

text: million

text: through

text: Piraeus

text: and

text: million

text: through

text: Igoumenitsa

text: In

text: Piraeus

text: handled

text: a

text: record

text: million

text: TEUs

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: of

text: which

text: million

text: were

text: transported

text: through

text: Pier

text: II

text: owned

text: by

text: COSCO

text: and

text: were

text: transported

text: through

text: Pier

text: I

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: state

question: How many TEUs did Piraeus handle in 2010?

answer: 513,319

question: What amount of TEUs did Thessaloniki handle in 2010?

answer: 273,282

question: How many million of people passed through Greece's ports in 2010?

answer: 83.9 million

text: 83.9 million

question: What record amount of TEUs did Piraeus handle in 2013?

answer: 3.16 million

text: 3.16 million

question: What organization owns Pier II in Piraeus?

answer: COSCO

text: COSCO

question: How many TEUs did Piraeus remove in 2010?

question: What amount of TEUs did Thessaloniki destroy in 2010?

question: How many millions of people couldn't pass through Greece's ports in 2010?

text: 83.9 million

question: What record amount of TEUs did Piraeus lose in 2013?

text: 3.16 million

question: What organization is owned by Pier II in Piraeus?

text: COSCO


text: There have been instances where a country's government bans a movie, resulting in the spread of copied videos and DVDs. Romanian-born documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu wrote a New York Times article telling the story of Irina Margareta Nistor, a narrator for state TV under Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime. A visitor from the west gave her bootlegged copies of American movies, which she dubbed for secret viewings through Romania. According to the article, she dubbed more than 3,000 movies and became the country's second-most famous voice after Ceauşescu, even though no one knew her name until many years later.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: instances

text: where

text: a

text: country

text: 's

text: government

text: bans

text: a

text: movie

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: copied

text: videos

text: and

text: DVDs

text: Romanian

text: born

text: documentary

text: maker

text: Ilinca

text: Calugareanu

text: wrote

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: article

text: telling

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: Irina

text: Margareta

text: Nistor

text: a

text: narrator

text: for

text: state

text: TV

text: under

text: Nicolae

text: Ceauşescu

text: 's

text: regime

text: A

text: visitor

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: gave

text: her

text: bootlegged

text: copies

text: of

text: American

text: movies

text: which

text: she

text: dubbed

text: for

text: secret

text: viewings

text: through

text: Romania

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: article

text: she

text: dubbed

text: more

text: than

text: movies

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: famous

text: voice

text: after

text: Ceauşescu

text: even

text: though

text: no

text: one

text: knew

text: her

text: name

text: until

text: many

text: years

text: later

question: What happens when a country bans a movie?

answer: the spread of copied videos and DVDs

text: the spread of copied videos and DVDs

question: Who did documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu write an article for?

answer: New York Times

text: New York Times

question: What was Irina Margareta Nistor's job in Romania?

answer: a narrator for state TV

text: a narrator for state TV

question: What did a visitor give to Nistor?

answer: bootlegged copies of American movies

text: bootlegged copies of American movies

question: How many movies did Nistor dub for secret viewings in Romania?

answer: 3,000

question: What happens when a country accepts a movie?

text: the spread of copied videos and DVDs

question: Who did documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu draw a picture for?

text: New York Times

question: What was Irina Margareta Nistor's job in Bulgaria?

text: a narrator for state TV

question: How many movies did Nistor dub for public viewings in Romania?

question: What did a visitor take from Nistor?

text: bootlegged copies of American movies


text: Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Ethnocentrism

text: tribalism

text: religious

text: persecution

text: and

text: prebendalism

text: have

text: affected

text: Nigerian

text: politics

text: both

text: prior

text: and

text: subsequent

text: to

text: independence

text: in

text: Kin

text: selective

text: altruism

text: has

text: made

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: Nigerian

text: politics

text: resulting

text: in

text: tribalist

text: efforts

text: to

text: concentrate

text: Federal

text: power

text: to

text: a

text: particular

text: region

text: of

text: their

text: interests

text: Nationalism

text: has

text: also

text: led

text: to

text: active

text: secessionist

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: MASSOB

text: Nationalist

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: Oodua

text: Peoples

text: Congress

text: Movement

text: for

text: the

text: Emancipation

text: of

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: and

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: Nigeria

text: 's

text: three

text: largest

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Hausa

text: Igbo

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: have

text: maintained

text: historical

text: preeminence

text: in

text: Nigerian

text: politics

text: competition

text: amongst

text: these

text: three

text: groups

text: has

text: fuelled

text: corruption

text: and

text: graft

question: What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups?

answer: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba

text: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba

question: When did Nigeria get independence?

answer: 1960

question: What major secession movement has Nigeria had?

answer: MASSOB

text: MASSOB

question: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?

answer: Oodua Peoples Congress

text: Oodua Peoples Congress


text: Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect the monarchy and declare himself king. Others feared loss of property or prestige as Caesar carried out his land reforms in favor of the landless classes. Virtually all the conspirators fled the city after Caesar's death in fear of retaliation. The civil war that followed destroyed what was left of the Republic.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Caesar

text: was

text: assassinated

text: on

text: March

text: BC

text: The

text: assassination

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: Gaius

text: Cassius

text: and

text: Marcus

text: Brutus

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: conspirators

text: were

text: senators

text: who

text: had

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: economic

text: political

text: or

text: personal

text: motivations

text: for

text: carrying

text: out

text: the

text: assassination

text: Many

text: were

text: afraid

text: that

text: Caesar

text: would

text: soon

text: resurrect

text: the

text: monarchy

text: and

text: declare

text: himself

text: king

text: Others

text: feared

text: loss

text: of

text: property

text: or

text: prestige

text: as

text: Caesar

text: carried

text: out

text: his

text: land

text: reforms

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: landless

text: classes

text: Virtually

text: all

text: the

text: conspirators

text: fled

text: the

text: city

text: after

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: fear

text: of

text: retaliation

text: The

text: civil

text: war

text: that

text: followed

text: destroyed

text: what

text: was

text: left

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

question: On what date was Caesar killed?

answer: March 15, 44 BC

text: March 15, 44 BC

question: Who comprised most of the members of the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar?

answer: senators

text: senators

question: What did some members of the conspiracy believe Caesar would bring back?

answer: the monarchy

text: the monarchy

question: Who did Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus lead the conspiracy against?

answer: Caesar

text: Caesar

question: Why did many members of the senate flee the city after Caesar's death?

answer: fear of retaliation

text: fear of retaliation


text: On February 7, 1987, dozens of political prisoners were freed in the first group release since Khrushchev's "thaw" in the mid-1950s. On May 6, 1987, Pamyat, a Russian nationalist group, held an unsanctioned demonstration in Moscow. The authorities did not break up the demonstration and even kept traffic out of the demonstrators' way while they marched to an impromptu meeting with Boris Yeltsin, head of the Moscow Communist Party and at the time one of Gorbachev's closest allies. On July 25, 1987, 300 Crimean Tatars staged a noisy demonstration near the Kremlin Wall for several hours, calling for the right to return to their homeland, from which they were deported in 1944; police and soldiers merely looked on.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: February

text: dozens

text: of

text: political

text: prisoners

text: were

text: freed

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: group

text: release

text: since

text: Khrushchev

text: 's

text: thaw

text: in

text: the

text: On

text: May

text: Pamyat

text: a

text: Russian

text: nationalist

text: group

text: held

text: an

text: unsanctioned

text: demonstration

text: in

text: Moscow

text: The

text: authorities

text: did

text: not

text: break

text: up

text: the

text: demonstration

text: and

text: even

text: kept

text: traffic

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: demonstrators

text: way

text: while

text: they

text: marched

text: to

text: an

text: impromptu

text: meeting

text: with

text: Boris

text: Yeltsin

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Moscow

text: Communist

text: Party

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: one

text: of

text: Gorbachev

text: 's

text: closest

text: allies

text: On

text: July

text: Crimean

text: Tatars

text: staged

text: a

text: noisy

text: demonstration

text: near

text: the

text: Kremlin

text: Wall

text: for

text: several

text: hours

text: calling

text: for

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: their

text: homeland

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: deported

text: in

text: police

text: and

text: soldiers

text: merely

text: looked

text: on

question: When were the prisoners set free?

answer: February 7, 1987,

text: February 7, 1987,

question: What sort of prisoners were released?

answer: political

text: political

question: Who demonstrated close to the Kremlin in July of 1978?

answer: Crimean Tatars

text: Crimean Tatars

question: Prior to 1987 when was the last large release of prisoners?

answer: mid-1950s.

question: Who released the prisoners in the 1950s?

answer: Khrushchev's

text: Khrushchev's


text: Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are dependent entities of Yale College and have limited autonomy. The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean, who reside in the college, and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college's fellowship. Colleges offer their own seminars, social events, and speaking engagements known as "Master's Teas," but do not contain programs of study or academic departments. Instead, all undergraduate courses are taught by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are open to members of any college.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: 's

text: residential

text: college

text: system

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: Edward

text: S.

text: Harkness

text: who

text: admired

text: the

text: social

text: intimacy

text: of

text: Oxford

text: and

text: Cambridge

text: and

text: donated

text: significant

text: funds

text: to

text: found

text: similar

text: colleges

text: at

text: Yale

text: and

text: Harvard

text: Though

text: Yale

text: 's

text: colleges

text: resemble

text: their

text: English

text: precursors

text: organizationally

text: and

text: architecturally

text: they

text: are

text: dependent

text: entities

text: of

text: Yale

text: College

text: and

text: have

text: limited

text: autonomy

text: The

text: colleges

text: are

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: master

text: and

text: an

text: academic

text: dean

text: who

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: college

text: and

text: university

text: faculty

text: and

text: affiliates

text: comprise

text: each

text: college

text: 's

text: fellowship

text: Colleges

text: offer

text: their

text: own

text: seminars

text: social

text: events

text: and

text: speaking

text: engagements

text: known

text: as

text: Master

text: 's

text: Teas

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: programs

text: of

text: study

text: or

text: academic

text: departments

text: Instead

text: all

text: undergraduate

text: courses

text: are

text: taught

text: by

text: the

text: Faculty

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: and

text: are

text: open

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: any

text: college

question: When was Yale's residential college system established?

answer: 1933

question: Who established Yale's residential college system?

answer: Edward S. Harkness

text: Edward S. Harkness

question: Who runs Yale's residential colleges?

answer: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean

text: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean

question: Are there academic programs in Yale's residential colleges?

answer: do not contain programs of study or academic departments

text: do not contain programs of study or academic departments

question: Who teaches Yale's residential college's undergraduate classes?

answer: Faculty of Arts and Sciences

text: Faculty of Arts and Sciences

question: When was Yale's residential college system unestablished?

question: Who established Yale's commercial college system?

text: Edward S. Harkness

question: Who runs Yale's industrial colleges?

question: Are there unacademic programs in Yale's residential colleges?

question: Who teaches Yale's residential college's graduate classes?

text: Faculty of Arts and Sciences


text: The Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn reinforcements which brought its strength up to 140,000 troops. The French had been slowly reinforced and their force numbered only 35,000. Although badly outnumbered, the French defended their position just outside Fröschwiller. By afternoon, the Germans had suffered c. 10,500 killed or wounded and the French had lost a similar number of casualties and another c. 9,200 men taken prisoner, a loss of about 50%. The Germans captured Fröschwiller which sat on a hilltop in the centre of the French line. Having lost any hope for victory and facing a massacre, the French army disengaged and retreated in a westerly direction towards Bitche and Saverne, hoping to join French forces on the other side of the Vosges mountains. The German 3rd army did not pursue the French but remained in Alsace and moved slowly south, attacking and destroying the French garrisons in the vicinity.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Wörth

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Fröschwiller

text: or

text: Reichshoffen

text: began

text: when

text: the

text: two

text: armies

text: clashed

text: again

text: on

text: August

text: near

text: Wörth

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Fröschwiller

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: from

text: Wissembourg

text: The

text: Crown

text: Prince

text: of

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: army

text: had

text: on

text: the

text: quick

text: reaction

text: of

text: his

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: General

text: von

text: Blumenthal

text: drawn

text: reinforcements

text: which

text: brought

text: its

text: strength

text: up

text: to

text: troops

text: The

text: French

text: had

text: been

text: slowly

text: reinforced

text: and

text: their

text: force

text: numbered

text: only

text: Although

text: badly

text: outnumbered

text: the

text: French

text: defended

text: their

text: position

text: just

text: outside

text: Fröschwiller

text: By

text: afternoon

text: the

text: Germans

text: had

text: suffered

text: c.

text: killed

text: or

text: wounded

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: had

text: lost

text: a

text: similar

text: number

text: of

text: casualties

text: and

text: another

text: c.

text: men

text: taken

text: prisoner

text: a

text: loss

text: of

text: about

text: The

text: Germans

text: captured

text: Fröschwiller

text: which

text: sat

text: on

text: a

text: hilltop

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: line

text: Having

text: lost

text: any

text: hope

text: for

text: victory

text: and

text: facing

text: a

text: massacre

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: disengaged

text: and

text: retreated

text: in

text: a

text: westerly

text: direction

text: towards

text: Bitche

text: and

text: Saverne

text: hoping

text: to

text: join

text: French

text: forces

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Vosges

text: mountains

text: The

text: German

text: army

text: did

text: not

text: pursue

text: the

text: French

text: but

text: remained

text: in

text: Alsace

text: and

text: moved

text: slowly

text: south

text: attacking

text: and

text: destroying

text: the

text: French

text: garrisons

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

question: What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller?

answer: The Battle of Wörth

text: The Battle of Wörth

question: On what date did the Battle of Worth begin?

answer: 6 August

text: 6 August

question: What was the estimated number of troops in Prussia's 3rd Army?

answer: 140,000 troops

text: 140,000 troops

question: What number of troops did France have to contend with?

answer: 35,000

question: Instead of pursuing the French as they retreated, the Germans decided to remain where?

answer: Alsace

text: Alsace


text: Plant anatomy is the study of the structure of plant cells and tissues, whereas plant morphology is the study of their external form. All plants are multicellular eukaryotes, their DNA stored in nuclei. The characteristic features of plant cells that distinguish them from those of animals and fungi include a primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin,  larger vacuoles than in animal cells and the presence of plastids with unique photosynthetic and biosynthetic functions as in the chloroplasts. Other plastids contain storage products such as starch (amyloplasts) or lipids (elaioplasts). Uniquely, streptophyte cells and those of the green algal order Trentepohliales divide by construction of a phragmoplast as a template for building a cell plate late in cell division.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Plant

text: anatomy

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: plant

text: cells

text: and

text: tissues

text: whereas

text: plant

text: morphology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: their

text: external

text: form

text: All

text: plants

text: are

text: multicellular

text: eukaryotes

text: their

text: DNA

text: stored

text: in

text: nuclei

text: The

text: characteristic

text: features

text: of

text: plant

text: cells

text: that

text: distinguish

text: them

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: animals

text: and

text: fungi

text: include

text: a

text: primary

text: cell

text: wall

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: polysaccharides

text: cellulose

text: hemicellulose

text: and

text: pectin

text: larger

text: vacuoles

text: than

text: in

text: animal

text: cells

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: plastids

text: with

text: unique

text: photosynthetic

text: and

text: biosynthetic

text: functions

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: chloroplasts

text: Other

text: plastids

text: contain

text: storage

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: starch

text: amyloplasts

text: or

text: lipids

text: elaioplasts

text: Uniquely

text: streptophyte

text: cells

text: and

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: green

text: algal

text: order

text: Trentepohliales

text: divide

text: by

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: phragmoplast

text: as

text: a

text: template

text: for

text: building

text: a

text: cell

text: plate

text: late

text: in

text: cell

text: division

question: What is the study of the inside of plants?

answer: Plant anatomy

text: Plant anatomy

question: What is the study of the outside of plants?

answer: plant morphology

text: plant morphology

question: How are plants different from animals?

answer: primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharides cellulose

text: primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharides cellulose

question: Where do plants store their DNA?

answer: in nuclei

text: in nuclei

question: Are the vacuoles of plant cells larger or smaller than animal cells?

answer: larger

text: larger


text: John had spent the conflict travelling alongside his father, and was given widespread possessions across the Angevin empire as part of the Montlouis settlement; from then onwards, most observers regarded John as Henry II's favourite child, although he was the furthest removed in terms of the royal succession. Henry II began to find more lands for John, mostly at various nobles' expense. In 1175 he appropriated the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall and gave them to John. The following year, Henry disinherited the sisters of Isabelle of Gloucester, contrary to legal custom, and betrothed John to the now extremely wealthy Isabelle. In 1177, at the Council of Oxford, Henry dismissed William FitzAldelm as the Lord of Ireland and replaced him with the ten-year-old John.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: had

text: spent

text: the

text: conflict

text: travelling

text: alongside

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: was

text: given

text: widespread

text: possessions

text: across

text: the

text: Angevin

text: empire

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Montlouis

text: settlement

text: from

text: then

text: onwards

text: most

text: observers

text: regarded

text: John

text: as

text: Henry

text: II

text: 's

text: favourite

text: child

text: although

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: furthest

text: removed

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: succession

text: Henry

text: II

text: began

text: to

text: find

text: more

text: lands

text: for

text: John

text: mostly

text: at

text: various

text: nobles

text: expense

text: In

text: he

text: appropriated

text: the

text: estates

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Earl

text: of

text: Cornwall

text: and

text: gave

text: them

text: to

text: John

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: Henry

text: disinherited

text: the

text: sisters

text: of

text: Isabelle

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: contrary

text: to

text: legal

text: custom

text: and

text: betrothed

text: John

text: to

text: the

text: now

text: extremely

text: wealthy

text: Isabelle

text: In

text: at

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Oxford

text: Henry

text: dismissed

text: William

text: FitzAldelm

text: as

text: the

text: Lord

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: replaced

text: him

text: with

text: the

text: ten

text: year

text: old

text: John

question: John spent the conflict traveling alongside who?

answer: his father

text: his father

question: When did Henry II appropriate the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall?

answer: 1175

question: Who dismissed William FitzAldelm as the Lord of Ireland?

answer: Henry

text: Henry


text: The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck. Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island. The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2).

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: highest

text: elevation

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: corner

text: west

text: of

text: Van

text: Cortlandt

text: Park

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Chapel

text: Farm

text: area

text: near

text: the

text: Riverdale

text: Country

text: School

text: The

text: opposite

text: southeastern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: has

text: four

text: large

text: low

text: peninsulas

text: or

text: necks

text: of

text: low

text: lying

text: land

text: that

text: jut

text: into

text: the

text: waters

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: River

text: and

text: were

text: once

text: salt

text: marsh

text: Hunt

text: 's

text: Point

text: Clason

text: 's

text: Point

text: Screvin

text: 's

text: Neck

text: and

text: Throg

text: 's

text: Neck

text: Further

text: up

text: the

text: coastline

text: Rodman

text: 's

text: Neck

text: lies

text: between

text: Pelham

text: Bay

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: City

text: Island

text: The

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: irregular

text: shoreline

text: extends

text: for

text: square

text: miles

question: Where is the Bronx's highest point?

answer: in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School

text: in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School

question: What part of the Bronx formerly a salt marsh?

answer: southeastern

text: southeastern

question: What are the Bronx's four low peninsulas?

answer: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck

text: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck

question: What is Rodman's Neck between?

answer: Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island

text: Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island

question: How long is the Bronx's shoreline?

answer: 75 square miles

text: 75 square miles


text: The first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in 1880 in Germany. The inventor Anton Freissler developed the ideas of von Siemens and built up a successful enterprise in Austria-Hungary. The safety and speed of electric elevators were significantly enhanced by Frank Sprague who added floor control, automatic elevators, acceleration control of cars, and safeties. His elevator ran faster and with larger loads than hydraulic or steam elevators, and 584 electric elevators were installed before Sprague sold his company to the Otis Elevator Company in 1895. Sprague also developed the idea and technology for multiple elevators in a single shaft.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: The

text: first

text: electric

text: elevator

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: Werner

text: von

text: Siemens

text: in

text: in

text: Germany

text: The

text: inventor

text: Anton

text: Freissler

text: developed

text: the

text: ideas

text: of

text: von

text: Siemens

text: and

text: built

text: up

text: a

text: successful

text: enterprise

text: in

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: The

text: safety

text: and

text: speed

text: of

text: electric

text: elevators

text: were

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: by

text: Frank

text: Sprague

text: who

text: added

text: floor

text: control

text: automatic

text: elevators

text: acceleration

text: control

text: of

text: cars

text: and

text: safeties

text: His

text: elevator

text: ran

text: faster

text: and

text: with

text: larger

text: loads

text: than

text: hydraulic

text: or

text: steam

text: elevators

text: and

text: electric

text: elevators

text: were

text: installed

text: before

text: Sprague

text: sold

text: his

text: company

text: to

text: the

text: Otis

text: Elevator

text: Company

text: in

text: Sprague

text: also

text: developed

text: the

text: idea

text: and

text: technology

text: for

text: multiple

text: elevators

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: shaft

question: Who built the first electric elevator?

answer: Werner von Siemens

text: Werner von Siemens

question: The first electric elevator, built in 1880, was in what Country?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Who ultilized von Siemens ideas to build a succesful business?

answer: Anton Freissler

text: Anton Freissler

question: Who is credited with increasing the safety and speed of electric elevators?

answer: Frank Sprague

text: Frank Sprague

question: To whom did Frank Sprague sell his company to in 1895?

answer: Otis Elevator Company

text: Otis Elevator Company


text: Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate courts and justices of the peace. The judicial system is a blend of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law. An informal system of traditional courts still exists within the rural areas of the country, with trial by ordeal remaining common despite being officially outlawed.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: Liberia

text: 's

text: highest

text: judicial

text: authority

text: is

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: five

text: members

text: and

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: Liberia

text: Members

text: are

text: nominated

text: to

text: the

text: court

text: by

text: the

text: president

text: and

text: are

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: Senate

text: serving

text: until

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: The

text: judiciary

text: is

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: circuit

text: and

text: speciality

text: courts

text: magistrate

text: courts

text: and

text: justices

text: of

text: the

text: peace

text: The

text: judicial

text: system

text: is

text: a

text: blend

text: of

text: common

text: law

text: based

text: on

text: Anglo

text: American

text: law

text: and

text: customary

text: law

text: An

text: informal

text: system

text: of

text: traditional

text: courts

text: still

text: exists

text: within

text: the

text: rural

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: trial

text: by

text: ordeal

text: remaining

text: common

text: despite

text: being

text: officially

text: outlawed

question: What is Liberia's highest judicial authority?

answer: Supreme Court

text: Supreme Court

question: How many members are in the Supreme court?

answer: five

text: five

question: Who is the head of the supreme court?

answer: the Chief Justice of Liberia

text: the Chief Justice of Liberia

question: How are members chosen for the court?

answer: Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate

text: Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate

question: How long do members of the supreme court serve?

answer: until the age of 70

text: until the age of 70

question: What is the highest judicial authority in Anglo-America?

text: Supreme Court

question: What is a blend of common law and supreme law?

text: The judicial system

question: Where does customary law still exist?

text: within the rural areas of the country

question: How many members is the magistrate court made up of?

text: five members

question: To what age are Senators guaranteed salary?


text: Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. In January 2012, it was estimated that visitors to YouTube spent an average of 15 minutes a day on the site, in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical U.S. citizen watching television. In 2012, YouTube's revenue from its ads program was estimated at 3.7 billion. In 2013 it nearly doubled and estimated to hit 5.6 billion dollars according to eMarketer, others estimated 4.7 billion,

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: Google

text: does

text: not

text: provide

text: detailed

text: figures

text: for

text: YouTube

text: 's

text: running

text: costs

text: and

text: YouTube

text: 's

text: revenues

text: in

text: were

text: noted

text: as

text: not

text: material

text: in

text: a

text: regulatory

text: filing

text: In

text: June

text: a

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: article

text: projected

text: the

text: revenue

text: at

text: million

text: noting

text: progress

text: in

text: advertising

text: sales

text: In

text: January

text: it

text: was

text: estimated

text: that

text: visitors

text: to

text: YouTube

text: spent

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: minutes

text: a

text: day

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: spent

text: by

text: a

text: typical

text: U.S.

text: citizen

text: watching

text: television

text: In

text: YouTube

text: 's

text: revenue

text: from

text: its

text: ads

text: program

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: billion

text: In

text: it

text: nearly

text: doubled

text: and

text: estimated

text: to

text: hit

text: billion

text: dollars

text: according

text: to

text: eMarketer

text: others

text: estimated

text: billion

question: How much time does the average person spend watching youtube videos each day?

answer: 15 minutes

text: 15 minutes

question: What is the average time an American watches TV in day?

answer: four or five hours

text: four or five hours

question: What was youtube's estimated ads revenue in 2013?

answer: 3.7 billion

text: 3.7 billion

question: What was youtube's revenue as estimated in 2008?

answer: $200 million

text: $200 million

question: Youtube's financial records are not reported by who?

answer: Google

text: Google

question: What did Forbes project as YouTube's revenue in January 2008?

text: $200 million

question: How much time did visitors spend on YouTube per day in January 2013?

text: 15 minutes a day

question: What year did YouTube's revenue from its ads program hit 3.6 billion?

question: What year did YouTube double its ad revenue to 5.7 billion dollars?


text: Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him "Conan the Republican". He later served as Chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: first

text: political

text: appointment

text: was

text: as

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: 's

text: Council

text: on

text: Physical

text: Fitness

text: and

text: Sports

text: on

text: which

text: he

text: served

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: nominated

text: by

text: George

text: H.

text: W.

text: Bush

text: who

text: dubbed

text: him

text: Conan

text: the

text: Republican

text: He

text: later

text: served

text: as

text: Chairman

text: for

text: the

text: California

text: Governor

text: 's

text: Council

text: on

text: Physical

text: Fitness

text: and

text: Sports

text: under

text: Governor

text: Pete

text: Wilson

question: What nickname did George H.W. Bush give to Schwarzenegger?

answer: Conan the Republican

text: Conan the Republican


text: The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome. They built this by constructing and linking several arches. Sumerian temples and palaces made use of more advanced materials and techniques,[citation needed] such as buttresses, recesses, half columns, and clay nails.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: most

text: impressive

text: and

text: famous

text: of

text: Sumerian

text: buildings

text: are

text: the

text: ziggurats

text: large

text: layered

text: platforms

text: which

text: supported

text: temples

text: Sumerian

text: cylinder

text: seals

text: also

text: depict

text: houses

text: built

text: from

text: reeds

text: not

text: unlike

text: those

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Marsh

text: Arabs

text: of

text: Southern

text: Iraq

text: until

text: as

text: recently

text: as

text: CE

text: The

text: Sumerians

text: also

text: developed

text: the

text: arch

text: which

text: enabled

text: them

text: to

text: develop

text: a

text: strong

text: type

text: of

text: dome

text: They

text: built

text: this

text: by

text: constructing

text: and

text: linking

text: several

text: arches

text: Sumerian

text: temples

text: and

text: palaces

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: more

text: advanced

text: materials

text: and

text: techniques,[citation

text: needed

text: such

text: as

text: buttresses

text: recesses

text: half

text: columns

text: and

text: clay

text: nails

question: What is the most impressive and famous style of Sumerian buildings?

answer: the ziggurats

text: the ziggurats

question: Sumerians also built houses from reeds not very different from ones built by inhabitants in Iraq as recently as when?

answer: 400 CE

text: 400 CE

question: What development by the Sumerians allowed them to make use of domes?

answer: the arch

text: the arch

question: How did the Sumerians build their strong domes?

answer: by constructing and linking several arches

text: by constructing and linking several arches

question: Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer?

answer: Sumerian temples and palaces

text: Sumerian temples and palaces

question: What are the oldest examples of "Sumerian buildings?

text: ziggurats

question: What type of seals were made with reeds?

text: cylinder seals

question: What type of house was built until the 4th century CE?

text: houses built from reeds

question: Who built reed houses until the 4th century CE?

text: the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq


text: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which saw a 32 percent increase in its population from 2000-2010. The city seeing the largest percentage growth was Kalispell with 40.1 percent, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000-2010.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: estimates

text: that

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Montana

text: was

text: on

text: July

text: a

text: increase

text: since

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: The

text: census

text: put

text: Montana

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: people

text: or

text: percent

text: since

text: During

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: century

text: growth

text: was

text: mainly

text: concentrated

text: in

text: Montana

text: 's

text: seven

text: largest

text: counties

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: percentage

text: growth

text: in

text: Gallatin

text: County

text: which

text: saw

text: a

text: percent

text: increase

text: in

text: its

text: population

text: from

text: The

text: city

text: seeing

text: the

text: largest

text: percentage

text: growth

text: was

text: Kalispell

text: with

text: percent

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: increase

text: in

text: actual

text: residents

text: was

text: Billings

text: with

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: population

text: of

text: from

question: What was the population of the state in 2015?

answer: 1,032,949

question: How much did the population increase since 2010?

answer: 4.40%

question: What county saw the largest growth?

answer: Gallatin County

text: Gallatin County

question: What city saw the largest growth?

answer: Kalispell

text: Kalispell


text: Music is cherished in Boston. The Boston Symphony Orchestra is one of the "Big Five," a group of the greatest American orchestras, and the classical music magazine Gramophone called it one of the "world's best" orchestras. Symphony Hall (located west of Back Bay) is home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra, (and the related Boston Youth Symphony Orchestra, which is the largest youth orchestra in the nation) and the Boston Pops Orchestra. The British newspaper The Guardian called Boston Symphony Hall "one of the top venues for classical music in the world," adding that "Symphony Hall in Boston was where science became an essential part of concert hall design." Other concerts are held at the New England Conservatory's Jordan Hall. The Boston Ballet performs at the Boston Opera House. Other performing-arts organizations located in the city include the Boston Lyric Opera Company, Opera Boston, Boston Baroque (the first permanent Baroque orchestra in the US), and the Handel and Haydn Society (one of the oldest choral companies in the United States). The city is a center for contemporary classical music with a number of performing groups, several of which are associated with the city's conservatories and universities. These include the Boston Modern Orchestra Project and Boston Musica Viva. Several theaters are located in or near the Theater District south of Boston Common, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre, Citi Performing Arts Center, the Colonial Theater, and the Orpheum Theatre.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Music

text: is

text: cherished

text: in

text: Boston

text: The

text: Boston

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Five

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: American

text: orchestras

text: and

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: magazine

text: Gramophone

text: called

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: orchestras

text: Symphony

text: Hall

text: located

text: west

text: of

text: Back

text: Bay

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Boston

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: and

text: the

text: related

text: Boston

text: Youth

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: youth

text: orchestra

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: Pops

text: Orchestra

text: The

text: British

text: newspaper

text: The

text: Guardian

text: called

text: Boston

text: Symphony

text: Hall

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: venues

text: for

text: classical

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: adding

text: that

text: Symphony

text: Hall

text: in

text: Boston

text: was

text: where

text: science

text: became

text: an

text: essential

text: part

text: of

text: concert

text: hall

text: design

text: Other

text: concerts

text: are

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: Conservatory

text: 's

text: Jordan

text: Hall

text: The

text: Boston

text: Ballet

text: performs

text: at

text: the

text: Boston

text: Opera

text: House

text: Other

text: performing

text: arts

text: organizations

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: the

text: Boston

text: Lyric

text: Opera

text: Company

text: Opera

text: Boston

text: Boston

text: Baroque

text: the

text: first

text: permanent

text: Baroque

text: orchestra

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: the

text: Handel

text: and

text: Haydn

text: Society

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: choral

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: a

text: center

text: for

text: contemporary

text: classical

text: music

text: with

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: performing

text: groups

text: several

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: conservatories

text: and

text: universities

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: Boston

text: Modern

text: Orchestra

text: Project

text: and

text: Boston

text: Musica

text: Viva

text: Several

text: theaters

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: Theater

text: District

text: south

text: of

text: Boston

text: Common

text: including

text: the

text: Cutler

text: Majestic

text: Theatre

text: Citi

text: Performing

text: Arts

text: Center

text: the

text: Colonial

text: Theater

text: and

text: the

text: Orpheum

text: Theatre

question: The Boston Symphony Orchestra is a member of what?

answer: Big Five

text: Big Five

question: What classical music magazine called the Boston Symphony orchestra one of the worlds best orchestras?

answer: Gramophone

text: Gramophone

question: What does Boston Symphony orchestra call home?

answer: Symphony Hall

text: Symphony Hall

question: Where is Symphony Hall located?

answer: west of Back Bay

text: west of Back Bay

question: Where is the theater District located?

answer: south of Boston Common

text: south of Boston Common


text: The patron saint of Galicia is Saint James the Greater, whose body was discovered – according to the Catholic tradition – in 814 near Compostela. After that date, the relics of Saint James became an extraordinary centre of pilgrimage and from the 9th century have been kept in the heart of the church – the modern-day cathedral – dedicated to him. There are many other Galician and associated saints; some of the best-known are: Saint Ansurius, Saint Rudesind, Saint Mariña of Augas Santas, Saint Senorina, Trahamunda and Froilan.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: The

text: patron

text: saint

text: of

text: Galicia

text: is

text: Saint

text: James

text: the

text: Greater

text: whose

text: body

text: was

text: discovered

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Catholic

text: tradition

text: in

text: near

text: Compostela

text: After

text: that

text: date

text: the

text: relics

text: of

text: Saint

text: James

text: became

text: an

text: extraordinary

text: centre

text: of

text: pilgrimage

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: have

text: been

text: kept

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: cathedral

text: dedicated

text: to

text: him

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: Galician

text: and

text: associated

text: saints

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: are

text: Saint

text: Ansurius

text: Saint

text: Rudesind

text: Saint

text: Mariña

text: of

text: Augas

text: Santas

text: Saint

text: Senorina

text: Trahamunda

text: and

text: Froilan

question: Who is Galicia's patron saint?

answer: Saint James the Greater

text: Saint James the Greater

question: Name another saint associated with Galicia.

answer: Saint Senorina

text: Saint Senorina


text: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: The

text: work

text: of

text: David

text: Hilbert

text: and

text: Max

text: Planck

text: was

text: crucial

text: to

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: modern

text: physics

text: which

text: Werner

text: Heisenberg

text: and

text: Erwin

text: Schrödinger

text: developed

text: further

text: They

text: were

text: preceded

text: by

text: such

text: key

text: physicists

text: as

text: Hermann

text: von

text: Helmholtz

text: Joseph

text: von

text: Fraunhofer

text: and

text: Gabriel

text: Daniel

text: Fahrenheit

text: among

text: others

text: Wilhelm

text: Conrad

text: Röntgen

text: discovered

text: X

text: rays

text: an

text: accomplishment

text: that

text: made

text: him

text: the

text: first

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Physics

text: in

text: The

text: Walhalla

text: temple

text: for

text: laudable

text: and

text: distinguished

text: Germans

text: features

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: scientists

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: east

text: of

text: Regensburg

text: in

text: Bavaria

question: Who discovered X-Rays?

answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?

answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?

answer: 1901

question: Where is the Walhalla temple located?

answer: Bavaria

text: Bavaria

question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?

answer: David Hilbert and Max Planck

text: David Hilbert and Max Planck

question: What did Werner Heisenberg lay the foundation for?

text: modern physics

question: Who further developed Heisenberg's work?

text: Erwin Schrödinger

question: What prize was first given in the 19th century?

text: Nobel Prize in Physics

question: Who got a Nobel Prize in Physics in the 19th century for discovering the X-ray?

text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen


text: Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange. For instance, antibacterial resistance genes can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids that carry these resistance genes. Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials. Cross-resistance to several antibacterials may also occur when a resistance mechanism encoded by a single gene conveys resistance to more than one antibacterial compound.

title: Antibiotics

title: Antibiotics

text: Several

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: antibacterial

text: resistance

text: exist

text: Intrinsic

text: antibacterial

text: resistance

text: may

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: genetic

text: makeup

text: of

text: bacterial

text: strains

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: antibiotic

text: target

text: may

text: be

text: absent

text: from

text: the

text: bacterial

text: genome

text: Acquired

text: resistance

text: results

text: from

text: a

text: mutation

text: in

text: the

text: bacterial

text: chromosome

text: or

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: extra

text: chromosomal

text: DNA

text: Antibacterial

text: producing

text: bacteria

text: have

text: evolved

text: resistance

text: mechanisms

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: similar

text: to

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: transferred

text: to

text: antibacterial

text: resistant

text: strains

text: The

text: spread

text: of

text: antibacterial

text: resistance

text: often

text: occurs

text: through

text: vertical

text: transmission

text: of

text: mutations

text: during

text: growth

text: and

text: by

text: genetic

text: recombination

text: of

text: DNA

text: by

text: horizontal

text: genetic

text: exchange

text: For

text: instance

text: antibacterial

text: resistance

text: genes

text: can

text: be

text: exchanged

text: between

text: different

text: bacterial

text: strains

text: or

text: species

text: via

text: plasmids

text: that

text: carry

text: these

text: resistance

text: genes

text: Plasmids

text: that

text: carry

text: several

text: different

text: resistance

text: genes

text: can

text: confer

text: resistance

text: to

text: multiple

text: antibacterials

text: Cross

text: resistance

text: to

text: several

text: antibacterials

text: may

text: also

text: occur

text: when

text: a

text: resistance

text: mechanism

text: encoded

text: by

text: a

text: single

text: gene

text: conveys

text: resistance

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: antibacterial

text: compound

question: What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains?

answer: Intrinsic antibacterial resistance

text: Intrinsic antibacterial resistance

question: What can be absent from the bacterial genome?

answer: antibiotic target

text: antibiotic target

question: When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/

answer: vertical transmission

text: vertical transmission

question: What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance?

answer: antibacterial resistance genes

text: antibacterial resistance genes

question: What does some resistance come from?

answer: mutation

text: mutation

question: What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance?

answer: vertical transmission of mutations

text: vertical transmission of mutations

question: What do plasmids do in resistance?

answer: carry several different resistance genes

text: carry several different resistance genes

question: What is part of the makeup of bacterial strains?

text: Intrinsic antibacterial resistance

question: What can be absent from the resistance genes?

text: antibiotic target

question: When does the spread of DNA frequently occur?

text: vertical transmission

question: What is exchanged between bacterial stains of species via mutations that have this resistance?

text: antibacterial resistance genes

question: What do plasmids do in bacterial chromosomes?


text: From the 2000 census[update], 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another church. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question. On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: From

text: the

text: census[update

text: or

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: while

text: or

text: were

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: there

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: church

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: there

text: were

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: belonged

text: to

text: another

text: Christian

text: church

text: There

text: were

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: were

text: Jewish

text: and

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: were

text: Muslim

text: There

text: were

text: persons

text: who

text: were

text: Buddhist

text: persons

text: who

text: were

text: Hindu

text: and

text: persons

text: who

text: belonged

text: to

text: another

text: church

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: belonged

text: to

text: no

text: church

text: are

text: agnostic

text: or

text: atheist

text: and

text: persons

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: did

text: not

text: answer

text: the

text: question

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Haus

text: der

text: Religionen

text: was

text: inaugurated

question: What percent of the population were Roman Catholic?

answer: 24.5%

question: How much of the population is Jewish in Bern?

answer: .25%

question: How many muslims were there in Bern in 2000?

answer: 4,907

question: How much of the population had no religion?

answer: 12.72%


text: In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make no such distinction; the exemption there had been assumed, even by the government, to apply to any such copying, even from file-sharing networks. However, in April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that "national legislation which makes no distinction between private copies made from lawful sources and those made from counterfeited or pirated sources cannot be tolerated." Thus, in the Netherlands, for example, downloading from file-sharing networks is no longer legal.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: the

text: personal

text: copying

text: exemption

text: explicitly

text: requires

text: that

text: the

text: content

text: being

text: copied

text: was

text: obtained

text: legitimately

text: i.e.

text: from

text: authorized

text: sources

text: not

text: file

text: sharing

text: networks

text: Other

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: make

text: no

text: such

text: distinction

text: the

text: exemption

text: there

text: had

text: been

text: assumed

text: even

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: any

text: such

text: copying

text: even

text: from

text: file

text: sharing

text: networks

text: However

text: in

text: April

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: ruled

text: that

text: national

text: legislation

text: which

text: makes

text: no

text: distinction

text: between

text: private

text: copies

text: made

text: from

text: lawful

text: sources

text: and

text: those

text: made

text: from

text: counterfeited

text: or

text: pirated

text: sources

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: tolerated

text: Thus

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: for

text: example

text: downloading

text: from

text: file

text: sharing

text: networks

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: legal

question: What does the personal copying exemption explicitly need?

answer: was obtained legitimately

text: was obtained legitimately

question: What is an example of a country that the exemption was assumed?

answer: Netherlands

text: Netherlands

question: When did the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?

answer: April 2014

text: April 2014

question: In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network no longer legal?

answer: Netherlands

text: Netherlands

question: What does the personal copying exemption explicitly not need?

text: was obtained legitimately

question: What is an example of a country that the exemption wasn't assumed?

text: Netherlands

question: When didn't the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?

text: April 2014

question: In which country is uploading from a file-sharing network no longer legal?

text: Netherlands

question: In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network always legal?

text: Netherlands