text: On 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the night and early morning digging trenches and rifle pits while placing their artillery and their mitrailleuses in concealed positions. Finally aware of the Prussian advance, the French opened up a massive return fire against the mass of advancing Germans. The battle at first appeared to favor the French with their superior Chassepot rifle. However, the Prussian artillery was superior with the all-steel Krupp breech-loading gun. By 14:30, General Steinmetz, the commander of the First Army, unilaterally launched his VIII Corps across the Mance Ravine in which the Prussian infantry were soon pinned down by murderous rifle and mitrailleuse fire from the French positions. At 15:00, the massed guns of the VII and VIII Corps opened fire to support the attack. But by 16:00, with the attack in danger of stalling, Steinmetz ordered the VII Corps forward, followed by the 1st Cavalry Division.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: battle

text: began

text: when

text: at

text: Moltke

text: ordered

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Armies

text: to

text: advance

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: positions

text: By

text: General

text: Manstein

text: opened

text: up

text: the

text: battle

text: before

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Amanvillers

text: with

text: artillery

text: from

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: But

text: the

text: French

text: had

text: spent

text: the

text: night

text: and

text: early

text: morning

text: digging

text: trenches

text: and

text: rifle

text: pits

text: while

text: placing

text: their

text: artillery

text: and

text: their

text: mitrailleuses

text: in

text: concealed

text: positions

text: Finally

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: advance

text: the

text: French

text: opened

text: up

text: a

text: massive

text: return

text: fire

text: against

text: the

text: mass

text: of

text: advancing

text: Germans

text: The

text: battle

text: at

text: first

text: appeared

text: to

text: favor

text: the

text: French

text: with

text: their

text: superior

text: Chassepot

text: rifle

text: However

text: the

text: Prussian

text: artillery

text: was

text: superior

text: with

text: the

text: all

text: steel

text: Krupp

text: breech

text: loading

text: gun

text: By

text: General

text: Steinmetz

text: the

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Army

text: unilaterally

text: launched

text: his

text: VIII

text: Corps

text: across

text: the

text: Mance

text: Ravine

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Prussian

text: infantry

text: were

text: soon

text: pinned

text: down

text: by

text: murderous

text: rifle

text: and

text: mitrailleuse

text: fire

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: positions

text: At

text: the

text: massed

text: guns

text: of

text: the

text: VII

text: and

text: VIII

text: Corps

text: opened

text: fire

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: attack

text: But

text: by

text: with

text: the

text: attack

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: stalling

text: Steinmetz

text: ordered

text: the

text: VII

text: Corps

text: forward

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Cavalry

text: Division

question: On what date did the battle begin?

answer: 18 August

text: 18 August

question: Who order the First and Second armies to advance against the French?

answer: Moltke

text: Moltke

question: Which general opened the battle with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division?

answer: General Manstein

text: General Manstein

question: Who did the battle first appear to favor?

answer: the French

text: the French

question: Who was the commander of the First Army?

answer: General Steinmetz

text: General Steinmetz


text: With the onset of the Crusades in 1095, and the expulsions from England (1290), France (1394), and parts of Germany (15th century), Jewish migration pushed eastward into Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century). Over this period of several hundred years, some have suggested, Jewish economic activity was focused on trade, business management, and financial services, due to several presumed factors: Christian European prohibitions restricting certain activities by Jews, preventing certain financial activities (such as "usurious" loans) between Christians, high rates of literacy, near universal male education, and ability of merchants to rely upon and trust family members living in different regions and countries.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: With

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: the

text: Crusades

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: expulsions

text: from

text: England

text: France

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Germany

text: century

text: Jewish

text: migration

text: pushed

text: eastward

text: into

text: Poland

text: century

text: Lithuania

text: century

text: and

text: Russia

text: century

text: Over

text: this

text: period

text: of

text: several

text: hundred

text: years

text: some

text: have

text: suggested

text: Jewish

text: economic

text: activity

text: was

text: focused

text: on

text: trade

text: business

text: management

text: and

text: financial

text: services

text: due

text: to

text: several

text: presumed

text: factors

text: Christian

text: European

text: prohibitions

text: restricting

text: certain

text: activities

text: by

text: Jews

text: preventing

text: certain

text: financial

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: usurious

text: loans

text: between

text: Christians

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: literacy

text: near

text: universal

text: male

text: education

text: and

text: ability

text: of

text: merchants

text: to

text: rely

text: upon

text: and

text: trust

text: family

text: members

text: living

text: in

text: different

text: regions

text: and

text: countries

question: What year marked the onset of the Crusades?

answer: 1095

question: What year were the expulsions from England?

answer: 1290

question: What year were the expulsions from France?

answer: 1394

question: After expulsions from England and France, Jewish migration headed in which direction?

answer: Jewish migration pushed eastward

text: Jewish migration pushed eastward

question: As Jews were expelled from England, France, and parts of Germany they head into which three countries?

answer: Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century)

text: Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century)


text: According to a 2007 BSA and International Data Corporation (IDC) study, the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy were: 1. Armenia (93%); 2. Bangladesh (92%); 3. Azerbaijan (92%); 4. Moldova (92%); and 5. Zimbabwe (91%). According to the study's results, the five countries with the lowest piracy rates were: 1. U.S. (20%); 2. Luxembourg (21%); 3. New Zealand (22%); 4. Japan (23%); and 5. Austria (25%). The 2007 report showed that the Asia-Pacific region was associated with the highest amount of loss, in terms of U.S. dollars, with $14,090,000, followed by the European Union, with a loss of $12,383,000; the lowest amount of U.S. dollars was lost in the Middle East/Africa region, where $2,446,000 was documented.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: BSA

text: and

text: International

text: Data

text: Corporation

text: IDC

text: study

text: the

text: five

text: countries

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: rates

text: of

text: software

text: piracy

text: were

text: Armenia

text: Bangladesh

text: Azerbaijan

text: Moldova

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: 's

text: results

text: the

text: five

text: countries

text: with

text: the

text: lowest

text: piracy

text: rates

text: were

text: U.S.

text: Luxembourg

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Japan

text: and

text: Austria

text: The

text: report

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: Asia

text: Pacific

text: region

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: amount

text: of

text: loss

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: U.S.

text: dollars

text: with

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: with

text: a

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: amount

text: of

text: U.S.

text: dollars

text: was

text: lost

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Africa

text: region

text: where

text: was

text: documented

question: Who did a study in 2007 regarding the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy?

answer: BSA and International Data Corporation

text: BSA and International Data Corporation

question: Which country had the lowest rate of software piracy?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: Which region had the highest loss?

answer: Asia-Pacific

text: Asia-Pacific

question: How much did the EU lose?

answer: $12,383,000

question: Where was the lowest amount of U.S. dollars lost?

answer: Middle East/Africa region

text: Middle East/Africa region

question: Who did a study in 2000 regarding the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy?

text: BSA and International Data Corporation

question: Who did a study in 2007 regarding the five cities with the highest rates of software piracy?

text: BSA and International Data Corporation

question: Which country had the highest rate of hardware piracy?

text: U.S.

question: Which region had the highest gain?

text: Asia-Pacific

question: How much did the EU gain?


text: In Eastern Christianity heresy most commonly refers to those beliefs declared heretical by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.[citation needed] Since the Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation, various Christian churches have also used the concept in proceedings against individuals and groups those churches deemed heretical. The Orthodox Church also rejects the early Christian heresies such as Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: In

text: Eastern

text: Christianity

text: heresy

text: most

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: those

text: beliefs

text: declared

text: heretical

text: by

text: the

text: first

text: seven

text: Ecumenical

text: Councils.[citation

text: needed

text: Since

text: the

text: Great

text: Schism

text: and

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: various

text: Christian

text: churches

text: have

text: also

text: used

text: the

text: concept

text: in

text: proceedings

text: against

text: individuals

text: and

text: groups

text: those

text: churches

text: deemed

text: heretical

text: The

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: also

text: rejects

text: the

text: early

text: Christian

text: heresies

text: such

text: as

text: Arianism

text: Gnosticism

text: Origenism

text: Montanism

text: Judaizers

text: Marcionism

text: Docetism

text: Adoptionism

text: Nestorianism

text: Monophysitism

text: Monothelitism

text: and

text: Iconoclasm

question: What area of Christianity commonly cited the first seven Ecumenical Councils in regards to heresy?

answer: Eastern Christianity

text: Eastern Christianity

question: After what two events did various Christian churches also begin using the first seven Ecumenical Councils to identify heresy?

answer: Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation

text: Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation

question: What beginning Christian heresies did the Orthodox Church also reject during this time?

answer: Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm

text: Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm

question: Who decides if a belief is heretical in the Eastern Church?

text: Ecumenical Councils

question: What reformation was caused by various heretical groups?

text: Protestant Reformation

question: What early Christian beliefs does the Orthodox church not see as heresies?

question: What caused the Great Schism?

text: the Protestant Reformation


text: The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodic lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: Renaissance

text: era

text: was

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: greater

text: use

text: of

text: instrumentation

text: multiple

text: interweaving

text: melodic

text: lines

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: bass

text: instruments

text: Social

text: dancing

text: became

text: more

text: widespread

text: so

text: musical

text: forms

text: appropriate

text: to

text: accompanying

text: dance

text: began

text: to

text: standardize

question: When was the Renaissance era?

answer: from 1400 to 1600

text: from 1400 to 1600

question: What era was from 1400 to 1600?

answer: Renaissance

text: Renaissance

question: The use of the first ass instruments occurred in what era?

answer: Renaissance

text: Renaissance

question: What became widespread in the Renaissance era?

answer: Social dancing

text: Social dancing

question: Musical forms for dance began to standardize during what era?

answer: Renaissance

text: Renaissance


text: I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve as both input and output devices. Computer networking is another form of I/O.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: I

text: O

text: is

text: the

text: means

text: by

text: which

text: a

text: computer

text: exchanges

text: information

text: with

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: Devices

text: that

text: provide

text: input

text: or

text: output

text: to

text: the

text: computer

text: are

text: called

text: peripherals

text: On

text: a

text: typical

text: personal

text: computer

text: peripherals

text: include

text: input

text: devices

text: like

text: the

text: keyboard

text: and

text: mouse

text: and

text: output

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: display

text: and

text: printer

text: Hard

text: disk

text: drives

text: floppy

text: disk

text: drives

text: and

text: optical

text: disc

text: drives

text: serve

text: as

text: both

text: input

text: and

text: output

text: devices

text: Computer

text: networking

text: is

text: another

text: form

text: of

text: I

text: O.

question: Devices that give input or output to a computer are called what?

answer: peripherals

text: peripherals

question: A mouse is what type of peripheral device?

answer: input

text: input

question: A printer is what type of peripheral device?

answer: output

text: output

question: Hard disk drives are what type of peripheral device?

answer: input and output

text: input and output

question: A keyboard is what type of peripheral device?

answer: input

text: input


text: Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence: In Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990. Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush. The use of open areas close to residential land to urinate and defecate is very common and has been identified as a major health hazard.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Apart

text: from

text: residences

text: for

text: upper

text: and

text: middle

text: class

text: households

text: sanitation

text: is

text: insufficient

text: in

text: most

text: residential

text: areas

text: Private

text: flush

text: toilets

text: are

text: too

text: expensive

text: for

text: virtually

text: all

text: residents

text: in

text: townships

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: water

text: consumption

text: and

text: installation

text: cost

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: access

text: to

text: improved

text: sanitation

text: has

text: not

text: increased

text: much

text: since

text: independence

text: In

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: rural

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: had

text: more

text: than

text: basic

text: sanitation

text: up

text: from

text: in

text: Many

text: of

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: inhabitants

text: have

text: to

text: resort

text: to

text: flying

text: toilets

text: plastic

text: bags

text: to

text: defecate

text: which

text: after

text: use

text: are

text: flung

text: into

text: the

text: bush

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: open

text: areas

text: close

text: to

text: residential

text: land

text: to

text: urinate

text: and

text: defecate

text: is

text: very

text: common

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: identified

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: health

text: hazard

question: Most residential areas are insufficient in what area of Namibia?

answer: sanitation

text: sanitation

question: Besides installation cost, why are private flush toilets too expensive for most residents in Namibia?

answer: water consumption

text: water consumption

question: What do Namibian's use as a toilet?

answer: flying toilets

text: flying toilets

question: Where do flying toilets end up after use?

answer: bush

text: bush

question: Urinating and defecating in public has been identified as what?

answer: major health hazard

text: major health hazard

question: In what African country is sanitation sufficient for most residential areas?

text: Namibia

question: In what African country are private flush toilets reasonably priced?

text: Namibia

question: In what year did Namibia's rural areas have 13% of the population with more than basic sanitation?

question: In what African country is water plentiful?

text: Namibia


text: Definitions of "Southeast Asia" vary, but most definitions include the area represented by the countries (sovereign states and dependent territories) listed below. All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The area, together with part of South Asia, was widely known as the East Indies or simply the Indies until the 20th century. Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands[citation needed] are considered part of Southeast Asia though they are governed by Australia.[citation needed] Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea. Papua New Guinea has stated that it might join ASEAN, and is currently an observer.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: Definitions

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: vary

text: but

text: most

text: definitions

text: include

text: the

text: area

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: countries

text: sovereign

text: states

text: and

text: dependent

text: territories

text: listed

text: below

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: except

text: for

text: East

text: Timor

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asian

text: Nations

text: ASEAN

text: The

text: area

text: together

text: with

text: part

text: of

text: South

text: Asia

text: was

text: widely

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: East

text: Indies

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Indies

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: Christmas

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: Cocos

text: Keeling

text: Islands[citation

text: needed

text: are

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: though

text: they

text: are

text: governed

text: by

text: Australia.[citation

text: needed

text: Sovereignty

text: issues

text: exist

text: over

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: might

text: join

text: ASEAN

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: an

text: observer

question: Which country has stated that it might join ASEAN?

answer: Papua New Guinea

text: Papua New Guinea

question: What does ASEAN mean?

answer: Association of Southeast Asian Nations

text: Association of Southeast Asian Nations

question: Which two Islands governed by Australia are considered a part of ASEAN?

answer: Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

text: Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

question: Which state is not a member of ASEAN?

answer: East Timor

text: East Timor

question: What association is East  Timo a member of?

question: What was Southeast Asia also known as?

text: East Indies

question: What has been called the Indies since the 20th Century

text: Southeast Asia

question: What islands are not considered part of Southeast Asia?

text: Christmas Island and the Cocos

question: What islands are part of Australia?

text: Christmas Island and the Cocos


text: The Republic of Letters was the sum of a number of Enlightenment ideals: an egalitarian realm governed by knowledge that could act across political boundaries and rival state power. It was a forum that supported "free public examination of questions regarding religion or legislation". Immanuel Kant considered written communication essential to his conception of the public sphere; once everyone was a part of the "reading public", then society could be said to be enlightened. The people who participated in the Republic of Letters, such as Diderot and Voltaire, are frequently known today as important Enlightenment figures. Indeed, the men who wrote Diderot's Encyclopédie arguably formed a microcosm of the larger "republic".

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: Republic

text: of

text: Letters

text: was

text: the

text: sum

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: ideals

text: an

text: egalitarian

text: realm

text: governed

text: by

text: knowledge

text: that

text: could

text: act

text: across

text: political

text: boundaries

text: and

text: rival

text: state

text: power

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: forum

text: that

text: supported

text: free

text: public

text: examination

text: of

text: questions

text: regarding

text: religion

text: or

text: legislation

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: considered

text: written

text: communication

text: essential

text: to

text: his

text: conception

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: sphere

text: once

text: everyone

text: was

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: reading

text: public

text: then

text: society

text: could

text: be

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: enlightened

text: The

text: people

text: who

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Letters

text: such

text: as

text: Diderot

text: and

text: Voltaire

text: are

text: frequently

text: known

text: today

text: as

text: important

text: Enlightenment

text: figures

text: Indeed

text: the

text: men

text: who

text: wrote

text: Diderot

text: 's

text: Encyclopédie

text: arguably

text: formed

text: a

text: microcosm

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: republic

question: What did the Republic of Letters support?

answer: free public examination of questions regarding religion or legislation

text: free public examination of questions regarding religion or legislation

question: Once everyone was a part of what group did Kant believe all of society would be enlightened?

answer: the "reading public"

text: the "reading public"

question: Who were two of the figures that participated in the Republic of Letters?

answer: Diderot and Voltaire

text: Diderot and Voltaire

question: What did Immanuel Kant consider essential to his conception of the public sphere?

answer: written communication

text: written communication


text: On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund and a site for the university, in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 ha) of land. If Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: On

text: February

text: Kansas

text: Governor

text: Thomas

text: Carney

text: signed

text: into

text: law

text: a

text: bill

text: creating

text: the

text: state

text: university

text: in

text: Lawrence

text: The

text: law

text: was

text: conditioned

text: upon

text: a

text: gift

text: from

text: Lawrence

text: of

text: a

text: endowment

text: fund

text: and

text: a

text: site

text: for

text: the

text: university

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: not

text: less

text: than

text: forty

text: acres

text: ha

text: of

text: land

text: If

text: Lawrence

text: failed

text: to

text: meet

text: these

text: conditions

text: Emporia

text: instead

text: of

text: Lawrence

text: would

text: get

text: the

text: university

question: On what date was KU's Lawrence campus made official?

answer: February 20, 1863

text: February 20, 1863

question: How much money did Lawrence have to contribute to the University as terms of its charter?

answer: $15,000

question: What was the minimum size of the land that Lawrence could provide for the university?

answer: forty acres

text: forty acres

question: What competing city was next in line if Lawrence would have been unable to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?

answer: Emporia

text: Emporia

question: On what date was KU's Lawrence campus made unofficial?

text: February 20, 1863

question: How much gold did Lawrence have to contribute to the University as terms of its charter?

question: What was the maximum size of the land that Lawrence could provide for the university?

text: forty acres

question: What competing city was next in line if Lawrence would have been able to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?

text: Emporia

question: What out of state city was next in line if Lawrence would have been unable to meet the requirements necessary to get KU built in its city?

text: Emporia


text: Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: naturally

text: evolved

text: into

text: Middle

text: Dutch

text: The

text: year

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: discontinuity

text: but

text: it

text: actually

text: marks

text: a

text: time

text: of

text: profuse

text: Dutch

text: writing

text: and

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: a

text: rich

text: Medieval

text: Dutch

text: literature

text: developed

text: There

text: was

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: no

text: overarching

text: standard

text: language

text: Middle

text: Dutch

text: is

text: rather

text: a

text: collective

text: name

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: closely

text: related

text: dialects

text: whose

text: ancestor

text: was

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: But

text: they

text: were

text: all

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: In

text: fact

text: since

text: Dutch

text: is

text: a

text: rather

text: conservative

text: language

text: the

text: various

text: literary

text: works

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: today

text: are

text: often

text: very

text: readable

text: for

text: modern

text: day

text: speakers

question: What language did Middle Dutch come from?

answer: Old Dutch

text: Old Dutch

question: What year do some researchers say marked the point when Old Dutch morphed?

answer: 1150

question: Rather than a single language, what group sharing origins in Old Dutch does the term "Middle Dutch" refer to?

answer: closely related dialects

text: closely related dialects

question: Would a text written in Middle Dutch be readable or unintelligible for a Dutch speaker today?

answer: readable

text: readable


text: Asphalt/bitumen is typically stored and transported at temperatures around 150 °C (302 °F). Sometimes diesel oil or kerosene are mixed in before shipping to retain liquidity; upon delivery, these lighter materials are separated out of the mixture. This mixture is often called "bitumen feedstock", or BFS. Some dump trucks route the hot engine exhaust through pipes in the dump body to keep the material warm. The backs of tippers carrying asphalt/bitumen, as well as some handling equipment, are also commonly sprayed with a releasing agent before filling to aid release. Diesel oil is no longer used as a release agent due to environmental concerns.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Asphalt

text: bitumen

text: is

text: typically

text: stored

text: and

text: transported

text: at

text: temperatures

text: around

text: C

text: F

text: Sometimes

text: diesel

text: oil

text: or

text: kerosene

text: are

text: mixed

text: in

text: before

text: shipping

text: to

text: retain

text: liquidity

text: upon

text: delivery

text: these

text: lighter

text: materials

text: are

text: separated

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: mixture

text: This

text: mixture

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: bitumen

text: feedstock

text: or

text: BFS

text: Some

text: dump

text: trucks

text: route

text: the

text: hot

text: engine

text: exhaust

text: through

text: pipes

text: in

text: the

text: dump

text: body

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: material

text: warm

text: The

text: backs

text: of

text: tippers

text: carrying

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: handling

text: equipment

text: are

text: also

text: commonly

text: sprayed

text: with

text: a

text: releasing

text: agent

text: before

text: filling

text: to

text: aid

text: release

text: Diesel

text: oil

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: release

text: agent

text: due

text: to

text: environmental

text: concerns

question: About what temperature is asphalt shipped?

answer: 150 °C

text: 150 °C

question: To promote what characteristic is diesel oil added to asphalt for shipping?

answer: liquidity

text: liquidity

question: What is the liquefied mixture called?

answer: bitumen feedstock

text: bitumen feedstock

question: What truck feature is occasionally used to keep asphalt warm?

answer: engine exhaust

text: engine exhaust

question: Due to what concerns is diesel fuel no longer used as a release agent for transporting asphalt?

answer: environmental

text: environmental

question: To retain liquidity, what is sometimes mixed in with engine exhaust?

text: diesel oil or kerosene

question: Diesel oil or kerosene is often mixed into what to retain warmth?

text: Asphalt/bitumen

question: Due to what kind of concerns is diesel oil now used as a release agent?

text: environmental

question: Environmental concerns are the reason engine exhaust is no longer used as what?

text: release agent


text: Henry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Henry

text: the

text: Young

text: King

text: fought

text: a

text: short

text: war

text: with

text: his

text: brother

text: Richard

text: in

text: over

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: England

text: Normandy

text: and

text: Aquitaine

text: Henry

text: II

text: moved

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: Richard

text: and

text: Henry

text: the

text: Young

text: King

text: died

text: from

text: dysentery

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: campaign

text: With

text: his

text: primary

text: heir

text: dead

text: Henry

text: rearranged

text: the

text: plans

text: for

text: the

text: succession

text: Richard

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: albeit

text: without

text: any

text: actual

text: power

text: until

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Geoffrey

text: would

text: retain

text: Brittany

text: and

text: John

text: would

text: now

text: become

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: Richard

text: Richard

text: refused

text: to

text: give

text: up

text: Aquitaine

text: Henry

text: II

text: was

text: furious

text: and

text: ordered

text: John

text: with

text: help

text: from

text: Geoffrey

text: to

text: march

text: south

text: and

text: retake

text: the

text: duchy

text: by

text: force

text: The

text: two

text: attacked

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Poitiers

text: and

text: Richard

text: responded

text: by

text: attacking

text: Brittany

text: The

text: war

text: ended

text: in

text: stalemate

text: and

text: a

text: tense

text: family

text: reconciliation

text: in

text: England

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

question: Who did Henry fight a short war with in 1183?

answer: Richard

text: Richard

question: How did Henry the Young King die?

answer: dysentery

text: dysentery

question: Who became the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard?

answer: John

text: John

question: When did the war end?

answer: 1184


text: Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: Somalia

text: established

text: its

text: first

text: ISP

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: countries

text: in

text: Africa

text: to

text: get

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: telecommunications

text: resource

text: Balancing

text: Act

text: growth

text: in

text: internet

text: connectivity

text: has

text: since

text: then

text: grown

text: considerably

text: with

text: around

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: nation

text: covered

text: as

text: of

text: Both

text: internet

text: commerce

text: and

text: telephony

text: have

text: consequently

text: become

text: among

text: the

text: quickest

text: growing

text: local

text: businesses

question: What years was the first ISP established in Somalia?

answer: 1999

question: Somalia was one of the last countries on what continent to get connected tothe internet?

answer: Africa

text: Africa

question: In 2009, what percent of Somalia has internet coverage?

answer: 53%

question: The quickest growing local businesses in Somalia are what types of businesses?

answer: internet commerce and telephony

text: internet commerce and telephony

question: Who was the first African country to get internet?

text: Somalia

question: What year did Somalia reach 70% internet coverage?

question: Which act brought the first ISP to Africa?

text: Balancing Act

question: What percentage of Somalia's capital has internet connection?

question: What is Somalia's largest national business?

text: internet commerce and telephony


text: Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts, with albums like In Your Honor (2005) reaching number two in the US and UK, many of the first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity. Acts like Creed, Staind, Puddle of Mudd and Nickelback took the genre into the 2000s with considerable commercial success, abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems, narratives and romantic songs. They were followed in this vein by new acts including Shinedown and Seether. Acts with more conventional hard rock sounds included Andrew W.K., Beautiful Creatures and Buckcherry, whose breakthrough album 15 (2006) went platinum and spawned the single "Sorry" (2007), which made the Top 10 of the Billboard 100. These were joined by bands with hard rock leanings that emerged in the mid-2000s from the garage rock or post punk revival, including Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Kings of Leon, and Queens of the Stone Age from the US, Three Days Grace from Canada, Jet from Australia and The Datsuns from New Zealand. In 2009 Them Crooked Vultures, a supergroup that brought together Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl, Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones attracted attention as a live act and released a self-titled debut album that reached the top 20 in the US and UK and the top ten in several other countries.

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Although

text: Foo

text: Fighters

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: rock

text: acts

text: with

text: albums

text: like

text: In

text: Your

text: Honor

text: reaching

text: number

text: two

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: UK

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: wave

text: of

text: post

text: grunge

text: bands

text: began

text: to

text: fade

text: in

text: popularity

text: Acts

text: like

text: Creed

text: Staind

text: Puddle

text: of

text: Mudd

text: and

text: Nickelback

text: took

text: the

text: genre

text: into

text: the

text: with

text: considerable

text: commercial

text: success

text: abandoning

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: angst

text: and

text: anger

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: movement

text: for

text: more

text: conventional

text: anthems

text: narratives

text: and

text: romantic

text: songs

text: They

text: were

text: followed

text: in

text: this

text: vein

text: by

text: new

text: acts

text: including

text: Shinedown

text: and

text: Seether

text: Acts

text: with

text: more

text: conventional

text: hard

text: rock

text: sounds

text: included

text: Andrew

text: W.K.

text: Beautiful

text: Creatures

text: and

text: Buckcherry

text: whose

text: breakthrough

text: album

text: went

text: platinum

text: and

text: spawned

text: the

text: single

text: Sorry

text: which

text: made

text: the

text: Top

text: of

text: the

text: Billboard

text: These

text: were

text: joined

text: by

text: bands

text: with

text: hard

text: rock

text: leanings

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: from

text: the

text: garage

text: rock

text: or

text: post

text: punk

text: revival

text: including

text: Black

text: Rebel

text: Motorcycle

text: Club

text: and

text: Kings

text: of

text: Leon

text: and

text: Queens

text: of

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: from

text: the

text: US

text: Three

text: Days

text: Grace

text: from

text: Canada

text: Jet

text: from

text: Australia

text: and

text: The

text: Datsuns

text: from

text: New

text: Zealand

text: In

text: Them

text: Crooked

text: Vultures

text: a

text: supergroup

text: that

text: brought

text: together

text: Foo

text: Fighters

text: Dave

text: Grohl

text: Queens

text: of

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: 's

text: Josh

text: Homme

text: and

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: bass

text: player

text: John

text: Paul

text: Jones

text: attracted

text: attention

text: as

text: a

text: live

text: act

text: and

text: released

text: a

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: album

text: that

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: UK

text: and

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: in

text: several

text: other

text: countries

question: When did the Foo Fighters album In Your Honor come out?

answer: 2005

question: Three Days Grace is from what country?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: The band Jet is from what country?

answer: Australia

text: Australia

question: What supergroup featured members of Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age and Led Zeppelin?

answer: Them Crooked Vultures

text: Them Crooked Vultures

question: What was the title of Buckcherry's 2007 hit single?

answer: "Sorry"

text: "Sorry"

question: What 2005 Foo Fighters album reached number one in both the US and UK?

text: In Your Honor

question: What year did post-grunge bands began to become popular?

question: What band had considerable commercial success by producing angst and anger?

text: Nickelback

question: What Andrew W.K. album went platinum and spawned the single Sorry?

text: Beautiful Creatures

question: What year did Them Crooked Vultures release a self-titled debut album featuring Jet?


text: A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: A

text: Spanish

text: expedition

text: was

text: sent

text: from

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: governor

text: of

text: that

text: city

text: Bruno

text: Mauricio

text: de

text: Zabala

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: Spanish

text: forced

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: location

text: and

text: started

text: populating

text: the

text: city

text: initially

text: with

text: six

text: families

text: moving

text: in

text: from

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: and

text: soon

text: thereafter

text: by

text: families

text: arriving

text: from

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: who

text: were

text: called

text: by

text: the

text: locals

text: guanches

text: guanchos

text: or

text: canarios

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: one

text: significant

text: early

text: Italian

text: resident

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Jorge

text: Burgues

question: Who organized the Spanish expedition?

answer: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala

text: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala

question: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?

answer: 22 January 1724

text: 22 January 1724

question: Who was one significant early italian resident?

answer: Jorge Burgues

text: Jorge Burgues


text: During April, Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles (480 km) south towards Rangoon, the capital and principal port of Burma, but was delayed by Japanese rearguards 40 miles (64 km) north of Rangoon at the end of the month. Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon house-to-house during the monsoon, placing his army in a disastrous supply situation, and in March he had asked that a plan to capture Rangoon by an amphibious force, Operation Dracula, which had been abandoned earlier, be reinstated. Dracula was launched on 1 May, but Rangoon was found to have been abandoned. The troops which occupied Rangoon linked up with Fourteenth Army five days later, securing the Allies' lines of communication.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: During

text: April

text: Fourteenth

text: Army

text: advanced

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: towards

text: Rangoon

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: principal

text: port

text: of

text: Burma

text: but

text: was

text: delayed

text: by

text: Japanese

text: rearguards

text: miles

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: Rangoon

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: month

text: Slim

text: feared

text: that

text: the

text: Japanese

text: would

text: defend

text: Rangoon

text: house

text: to

text: house

text: during

text: the

text: monsoon

text: placing

text: his

text: army

text: in

text: a

text: disastrous

text: supply

text: situation

text: and

text: in

text: March

text: he

text: had

text: asked

text: that

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: capture

text: Rangoon

text: by

text: an

text: amphibious

text: force

text: Operation

text: Dracula

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: abandoned

text: earlier

text: be

text: reinstated

text: Dracula

text: was

text: launched

text: on

text: May

text: but

text: Rangoon

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: abandoned

text: The

text: troops

text: which

text: occupied

text: Rangoon

text: linked

text: up

text: with

text: Fourteenth

text: Army

text: five

text: days

text: later

text: securing

text: the

text: Allies

text: lines

text: of

text: communication

question: What was the capital of Burma?

answer: Rangoon

text: Rangoon

question: What was the principle port of Burma?

answer: Rangoon

text: Rangoon

question: When was Operation Dracula launched?

answer: 1 May

text: 1 May

question: What force was delayed by Japanese rearguards north of Rangoon?

answer: Fourteenth Army

text: Fourteenth Army

question: What month was a delay caused by Japanese rearguards north of Rangoon?

answer: April

text: April


text: In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: where

text: a

text: one

text: hour

text: shift

text: occurs

text: at

text: local

text: time

text: in

text: spring

text: the

text: clock

text: jumps

text: forward

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: moment

text: of

text: standard

text: time

text: to

text: DST

text: and

text: that

text: day

text: has

text: hours

text: whereas

text: in

text: autumn

text: the

text: clock

text: jumps

text: backward

text: from

text: the

text: last

text: moment

text: of

text: DST

text: to

text: standard

text: time

text: repeating

text: that

text: hour

text: and

text: that

text: day

text: has

text: hours

text: A

text: digital

text: display

text: of

text: local

text: time

text: does

text: not

text: read

text: exactly

text: at

text: the

text: shift

text: to

text: summer

text: time

text: but

text: instead

text: jumps

text: from

text: forward

text: to

question: At what local time does the United States change the time?

answer: 02:00

question: Technically, how many hours does the day the time change happens have in the spring?

answer: 23

question: In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long?

answer: 25

question: At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9?

answer: 03:00:00.0

question: Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season?

answer: spring

text: spring


text: Comcast delivers third-party television programming content to its own customers, and also produces its own first-party content both for subscribers and customers of other competing television services. Fully or partially owned Comcast programming includes Comcast Newsmakers, Comcast Network, Comcast SportsNet, SportsNet New York, MLB Network, Comcast Sports Southeast/Charter Sports Southeast, NBC Sports Network, The Golf Channel, AZN Television, and FEARnet. On May 19, 2009, Disney and ESPN announced an agreement to allow Comcast Corporation to carry the channels ESPNU and ESPN3. The U.S. Olympic Committee and Comcast intended to team up to create The U.S. Olympic Network, which was slated to launch after the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games. These plans were then put on hold by the U.S. Olympic Committee. The U.S. Olympic Committee and Comcast have ended the plans to create The U.S. Olympic Network.

title: Comcast

title: Comcast

text: Comcast

text: delivers

text: third

text: party

text: television

text: programming

text: content

text: to

text: its

text: own

text: customers

text: and

text: also

text: produces

text: its

text: own

text: first

text: party

text: content

text: both

text: for

text: subscribers

text: and

text: customers

text: of

text: other

text: competing

text: television

text: services

text: Fully

text: or

text: partially

text: owned

text: Comcast

text: programming

text: includes

text: Comcast

text: Newsmakers

text: Comcast

text: Network

text: Comcast

text: SportsNet

text: SportsNet

text: New

text: York

text: MLB

text: Network

text: Comcast

text: Sports

text: Southeast

text: Charter

text: Sports

text: Southeast

text: NBC

text: Sports

text: Network

text: The

text: Golf

text: Channel

text: AZN

text: Television

text: and

text: FEARnet

text: On

text: May

text: Disney

text: and

text: ESPN

text: announced

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: allow

text: Comcast

text: Corporation

text: to

text: carry

text: the

text: channels

text: ESPNU

text: and

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: and

text: Comcast

text: intended

text: to

text: team

text: up

text: to

text: create

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: Network

text: which

text: was

text: slated

text: to

text: launch

text: after

text: the

text: Vancouver

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: These

text: plans

text: were

text: then

text: put

text: on

text: hold

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: and

text: Comcast

text: have

text: ended

text: the

text: plans

text: to

text: create

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Olympic

text: Network

question: Disney and Comcast joined forces to allow Comcast to air what sports networks?

answer: ESPNU and ESPN3

text: ESPNU and ESPN3

question: What network was proposed by Comcast and the US Olympic Committee?

answer: The U.S. Olympic Network

text: The U.S. Olympic Network

question: What city hosted the 2010 Winter Olympics?

answer: Vancouver

text: Vancouver

question: What happened to the U.S. Olympic Network?

answer: The U.S. Olympic Committee and Comcast have ended the plans

text: The U.S. Olympic Committee and Comcast have ended the plans

question: Which ESPN channels are unavailable for Comcast?

text: ESPNU and ESPN3

question: When did the Olympic Committee and Comcast officially launch their combined network?

text: after the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games

question: What city is the US Olympic Committee located?

text: Vancouver

question: What did Comcast put on hold?

text: The U.S. Olympic Network

question: When did Comcast and Disney reach an agreement?

text: May 19, 2009


text: According to the same study, even though digital piracy inflicts additional costs on the production side of media, it also offers the main access to media goods in developing countries. The strong tradeoffs that favor using digital piracy in developing economies dictate the current neglected law enforcements toward digital piracy. In China, the issue of digital infringement is not merely legal, but social – originating from the high demand for cheap and affordable goods as well as the governmental connections of the businesses which produce such goods.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: study

text: even

text: though

text: digital

text: piracy

text: inflicts

text: additional

text: costs

text: on

text: the

text: production

text: side

text: of

text: media

text: it

text: also

text: offers

text: the

text: main

text: access

text: to

text: media

text: goods

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: The

text: strong

text: tradeoffs

text: that

text: favor

text: using

text: digital

text: piracy

text: in

text: developing

text: economies

text: dictate

text: the

text: current

text: neglected

text: law

text: enforcements

text: toward

text: digital

text: piracy

text: In

text: China

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: digital

text: infringement

text: is

text: not

text: merely

text: legal

text: but

text: social

text: originating

text: from

text: the

text: high

text: demand

text: for

text: cheap

text: and

text: affordable

text: goods

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: governmental

text: connections

text: of

text: the

text: businesses

text: which

text: produce

text: such

text: goods

question: Even though piracy adds costs to production, what else is offered to developing countries?

answer: main access to media goods

text: main access to media goods

question: What do the tradeoffs of digital piracy support?

answer: current neglected law enforcements

text: current neglected law enforcements

question: In what country is the issue of digital infringement social?

answer: China

text: China

question: What is in high demand in this country?

answer: cheap and affordable goods

text: cheap and affordable goods

question: What does the government of this country provide to businesses that produce content?

answer: connections

text: connections

question: Even though piracy adds costs to production, what else is offered to established countries?

text: main access to media goods

question: What don't the tradeoffs of digital piracy support?

text: current neglected law enforcements

question: In what country is the issue of digital infringement anti-social?

text: China

question: What is in low demand in this country?

text: cheap and affordable goods

question: What does the government of this country provide to non-businesses that produce content?

text: connections


text: Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college..."). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and the German-speaking countries university is often contracted to uni. In Ghana, New Zealand and in South Africa it is sometimes called "varsity" (although this has become uncommon in New Zealand in recent years). "Varsity" was also common usage in the UK in the 19th century.[citation needed] "Varsity" is still in common usage in Scotland.

title: University

title: University

text: Colloquially

text: the

text: term

text: university

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: a

text: phase

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: When

text: I

text: was

text: at

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Ireland

text: college

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: instead

text: When

text: I

text: was

text: in

text: college

text: In

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: New

text: Zealand

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Nigeria

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: countries

text: university

text: is

text: often

text: contracted

text: to

text: uni

text: In

text: Ghana

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: varsity

text: although

text: this

text: has

text: become

text: uncommon

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: Varsity

text: was

text: also

text: common

text: usage

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: in

text: the

text: century.[citation

text: needed

text: Varsity

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: common

text: usage

text: in

text: Scotland

question: In Ireland what word is mainly used instead of university?

answer: college

text: college

question: Spain refers to a university in what other way?

answer: uni

text: uni

question: The nation of Ghana shortens university to what?

answer: varsity

text: varsity

question: Scotland is said to frequently refer to university as what?

answer: Varsity

text: Varsity

question: In what century was it believed that the UK used the word varsity to refer to a university?

answer: 19th

question: In Scotland what word is mainly used instead of university?

text: college

question: Mexico refers to a university in what other way?

text: uni

question: The nation of Congo shortens university to what?

text: varsity

question: In what century was it believed that France used the word varsity to refer to a university?

question: What has become uncommon in Australia?

text: varsity


text: There are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc and hydrochloric acid to the α-hydroxycarboxylic esters RR'COHCOOR, the Reformatskii reaction which converts α-halo-esters and aldehydes to β-hydroxy-esters, the Simmons–Smith reaction in which the carbenoid (iodomethyl)zinc iodide reacts with alkene(or alkyne) and converts them to cyclopropane, the Addition reaction of organozinc compounds to carbonyl compounds. The Barbier reaction (1899) is the zinc equivalent of the magnesium Grignard reaction and is better of the two. In presence of just about any water the formation of the organomagnesium halide will fail, whereas the Barbier reaction can even take place in water. On the downside organozincs are much less nucleophilic than Grignards, are expensive and difficult to handle. Commercially available diorganozinc compounds are dimethylzinc, diethylzinc and diphenylzinc. In one study the active organozinc compound is obtained from much cheaper organobromine precursors:

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: important

text: organozinc

text: compounds

text: Organozinc

text: chemistry

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: of

text: organozinc

text: compounds

text: describing

text: their

text: physical

text: properties

text: synthesis

text: and

text: reactions

text: Among

text: important

text: applications

text: is

text: the

text: Frankland

text: Duppa

text: Reaction

text: in

text: which

text: an

text: oxalate

text: ester(ROCOCOOR

text: reacts

text: with

text: an

text: alkyl

text: halide

text: R'X

text: zinc

text: and

text: hydrochloric

text: acid

text: to

text: the

text: α-hydroxycarboxylic

text: esters

text: RR'COHCOOR

text: the

text: Reformatskii

text: reaction

text: which

text: converts

text: α-halo

text: esters

text: and

text: aldehydes

text: to

text: β-hydroxy

text: esters

text: the

text: Simmons

text: Smith

text: reaction

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: carbenoid

text: iodomethyl)zinc

text: iodide

text: reacts

text: with

text: alkene(or

text: alkyne

text: and

text: converts

text: them

text: to

text: cyclopropane

text: the

text: Addition

text: reaction

text: of

text: organozinc

text: compounds

text: to

text: carbonyl

text: compounds

text: The

text: Barbier

text: reaction

text: is

text: the

text: zinc

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: magnesium

text: Grignard

text: reaction

text: and

text: is

text: better

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: In

text: presence

text: of

text: just

text: about

text: any

text: water

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: organomagnesium

text: halide

text: will

text: fail

text: whereas

text: the

text: Barbier

text: reaction

text: can

text: even

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: water

text: On

text: the

text: downside

text: organozincs

text: are

text: much

text: less

text: nucleophilic

text: than

text: Grignards

text: are

text: expensive

text: and

text: difficult

text: to

text: handle

text: Commercially

text: available

text: diorganozinc

text: compounds

text: are

text: dimethylzinc

text: diethylzinc

text: and

text: diphenylzinc

text: In

text: one

text: study

text: the

text: active

text: organozinc

text: compound

text: is

text: obtained

text: from

text: much

text: cheaper

text: organobromine

text: precursors

question: What does organozinc chemisty describe?

answer: physical properties, synthesis and reactions.

text: physical properties, synthesis and reactions.

question: What is the zinc equivalent of the Grinard reaction?

answer: The Barbier reaction

text: The Barbier reaction

question: When will organomagnesium halide formation fail?

answer: presence of just about any water

text: presence of just about any water

question: What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc?

answer: Commercially available diorganozinc compounds

text: Commercially available diorganozinc compounds

question: What does organozinc chemistry conceal?

question: What is the glass equivalent of the Grinard reaction?

text: The Barbier reaction

question: When will organomagnesium halide formation become permanent?

text: presence of just about any water

question: What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc no longer allowed as?


text: During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: During

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: more

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: industry

text: also

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: aircraft

text: and

text: car

text: manufacture

text: cables

text: electrical

text: engineering

text: products

text: and

text: petrochemicals

text: These

text: now

text: exist

text: alongside

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: older

text: industries

text: of

text: the

text: docks

text: grain

text: milling

text: and

text: tobacco

text: processing

question: What century saw more diverse industries come to Southampton?

answer: 20th

question: Southampton's range of industries includes the manufacture of cars and what other transport?

answer: aircraft

text: aircraft

question: What kind of engineering does industry in Southampton support?

answer: electrical

text: electrical

question: Along with the docks and grain mills, what crop has been processed in Southampton for a long time?

answer: tobacco

text: tobacco


text: Corruption also generates economic distortion in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave the way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Corruption

text: also

text: generates

text: economic

text: distortion

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: sector

text: by

text: diverting

text: public

text: investment

text: into

text: capital

text: projects

text: where

text: bribes

text: and

text: kickbacks

text: are

text: more

text: plentiful

text: Officials

text: may

text: increase

text: the

text: technical

text: complexity

text: of

text: public

text: sector

text: projects

text: to

text: conceal

text: or

text: pave

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: such

text: dealings

text: thus

text: further

text: distorting

text: investment

text: Corruption

text: also

text: lowers

text: compliance

text: with

text: construction

text: environmental

text: or

text: other

text: regulations

text: reduces

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: government

text: services

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: increases

text: budgetary

text: pressures

text: on

text: government

question: Economic distortion is created by corruption in the public sector by diverting what into capital projects?

answer: public investment

text: public investment

question: What is more plentiful in capital projects?

answer: bribes and kickbacks

text: bribes and kickbacks

question: Corruption can lower what with environmental regulations?

answer: compliance

text: compliance


text: During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster. Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. The trade-off is typically set to provide a lifetime of several hundred to 2,000 hours for lamps used for general illumination. Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form. Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: During

text: ordinary

text: operation

text: the

text: tungsten

text: of

text: the

text: filament

text: evaporates

text: hotter

text: more

text: efficient

text: filaments

text: evaporate

text: faster

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: a

text: filament

text: lamp

text: is

text: a

text: trade

text: off

text: between

text: efficiency

text: and

text: longevity

text: The

text: trade

text: off

text: is

text: typically

text: set

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: lifetime

text: of

text: several

text: hundred

text: to

text: hours

text: for

text: lamps

text: used

text: for

text: general

text: illumination

text: Theatrical

text: photographic

text: and

text: projection

text: lamps

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: useful

text: life

text: of

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: hours

text: trading

text: life

text: expectancy

text: for

text: high

text: output

text: in

text: a

text: compact

text: form

text: Long

text: life

text: general

text: service

text: lamps

text: have

text: lower

text: efficiency

text: but

text: are

text: used

text: where

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: changing

text: the

text: lamp

text: is

text: high

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: energy

text: used

question: What determines how fast a tungsten filament evaporates?

answer: hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster

text: hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster

question: What is the typical goal for the life of a tungsten filament bulb?

answer: several hundred to 2,000 hours

text: several hundred to 2,000 hours

question: Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives?

answer: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps

text: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps

question: What is the typical tradeoff in light bulb design?

answer: efficiency and longevity

text: efficiency and longevity

question: What does not determine how fast a tungsten filament evaporates?

text: hotter, more-efficient filaments

question: What is not a trade-off between efficiency and longevity?

text: the lifetime of a filament lamp

question: What type of bulb typically has a life of 3000 hours?

text: tungsten

question: What type of lamp has higher efficiency but are used where the cost is high compared to the value of energy used?

text: Long-life general service lamps

question: What type of lamp has a useful life of a few days?


text: In association football, teams such as Manchester United, Bayern Munich, Liverpool, Arsenal, Toronto FC, and S.L. Benfica primarily wear red jerseys. Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlético Madrid, and Flamengo. A red penalty card is issued to a player who commits a serious infraction: the player is immediately disqualified from further play and his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration.

title: Red

title: Red

text: In

text: association

text: football

text: teams

text: such

text: as

text: Manchester

text: United

text: Bayern

text: Munich

text: Liverpool

text: Arsenal

text: Toronto

text: FC

text: and

text: S.L.

text: Benfica

text: primarily

text: wear

text: red

text: jerseys

text: Other

text: teams

text: that

text: prominently

text: feature

text: red

text: on

text: their

text: kits

text: include

text: A.C.

text: Milan

text: nicknamed

text: i

text: rossoneri

text: for

text: their

text: red

text: and

text: black

text: shirts

text: AFC

text: Ajax

text: Olympiacos

text: River

text: Plate

text: Atlético

text: Madrid

text: and

text: Flamengo

text: A

text: red

text: penalty

text: card

text: is

text: issued

text: to

text: a

text: player

text: who

text: commits

text: a

text: serious

text: infraction

text: the

text: player

text: is

text: immediately

text: disqualified

text: from

text: further

text: play

text: and

text: his

text: team

text: must

text: continue

text: with

text: one

text: less

text: player

text: for

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: duration

question: What color jersey does Bayern Munich wear?

answer: red

text: red

question: What is the nickname given to A.C. Milan?

answer: i rossoneri

text: i rossoneri

question: What has to occur for a player in association football to be shown a red penalty card?

answer: a serious infraction

text: a serious infraction

question: What occurs when a player in association football is shown a red penalty card?

answer: the player is immediately disqualified from further play

text: the player is immediately disqualified from further play

question: How is an association football team impacted when a player is shown a red penalty card?

answer: his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration

text: his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration

question: What association football teams wear all red jerseys?

question: What other sports teams wear all red jerseys?

question: What color card is given for an infraction?

text: red


text: The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of several courses at University College Cork (UCC). Highlights include: Corcadorca Theatre Company, of which Cillian Murphy was a troupe member prior to Hollywood fame; the Institute for Choreography and Dance, a national contemporary dance resource;[citation needed] the Triskel Arts Centre (capacity c.90), which includes the Triskel Christchurch independent cinema; dance venue the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240); the Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA) and Graffiti Theatre Company; and the Cork Jazz Festival, Cork Film Festival, and Live at the Marquee events. The Everyman Palace Theatre (capacity c.650) and the Granary Theatre (capacity c.150) both play host to dramatic plays throughout the year.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: The

text: Cork

text: School

text: of

text: Music

text: and

text: the

text: Crawford

text: College

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: Design

text: provide

text: a

text: throughput

text: of

text: new

text: blood

text: as

text: do

text: the

text: active

text: theatre

text: components

text: of

text: several

text: courses

text: at

text: University

text: College

text: Cork

text: UCC

text: Highlights

text: include

text: Corcadorca

text: Theatre

text: Company

text: of

text: which

text: Cillian

text: Murphy

text: was

text: a

text: troupe

text: member

text: prior

text: to

text: Hollywood

text: fame

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Choreography

text: and

text: Dance

text: a

text: national

text: contemporary

text: dance

text: resource;[citation

text: needed

text: the

text: Triskel

text: Arts

text: Centre

text: capacity

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Triskel

text: Christchurch

text: independent

text: cinema

text: dance

text: venue

text: the

text: Firkin

text: Crane

text: capacity

text: the

text: Cork

text: Academy

text: of

text: Dramatic

text: Art

text: CADA

text: and

text: Graffiti

text: Theatre

text: Company

text: and

text: the

text: Cork

text: Jazz

text: Festival

text: Cork

text: Film

text: Festival

text: and

text: Live

text: at

text: the

text: Marquee

text: events

text: The

text: Everyman

text: Palace

text: Theatre

text: capacity

text: and

text: the

text: Granary

text: Theatre

text: capacity

text: both

text: play

text: host

text: to

text: dramatic

text: plays

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

question: Where is a good place to find dramatic plays all year in Cork?

answer: The Everyman Palace Theatre (capacity c.650) and the Granary Theatre (capacity c.150)

text: The Everyman Palace Theatre (capacity c.650) and the Granary Theatre (capacity c.150)

question: Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Company?

answer: Cillian Murphy

text: Cillian Murphy

question: What is a major dance venue in Cork?

answer: the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240)

text: the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240)

question: What are someplaces that you could study drama and therter in Cork?

answer: Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA) and Graffiti Theatre Company

text: Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA) and Graffiti Theatre Company

question: WHat are some festivals or events of note in Cork?

answer: the Cork Jazz Festival, Cork Film Festival, and Live at the Marquee

text: the Cork Jazz Festival, Cork Film Festival, and Live at the Marquee

question: What star left Hollywood to join the Corcadorca Theater Company?

text: Cillian Murphy

question: What institute is a regional dance resource?

question: Who was a member of the Graffiti Theatre Company before they became famous in Hollywood?

text: Cillian Murphy

question: What two theatres are located close to Hollywood?

question: What is a major dance venue popular in Hollywood?

text: the Firkin Crane

question: What cinema  is included at the Graffiti Theatre Company?

text: Triskel Christchurch independent cinema

question: What is provided by CADA?

text: a throughput of new blood


text: The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis led to an agreement with the Eurogroup in March 2013 to split the country's second largest bank, the Cyprus Popular Bank (also known as Laiki Bank), into a "bad" bank which would be wound down over time and a "good" bank which would be absorbed by the Bank of Cyprus. In return for a €10 billion bailout from the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, often referred to as the "troika", the Cypriot government was required to impose a significant haircut on uninsured deposits, a large proportion of which were held by wealthy Russians who used Cyprus as a tax haven. Insured deposits of €100,000 or less were not affected.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: The

text: Cypriot

text: financial

text: crisis

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: Eurogroup

text: in

text: March

text: to

text: split

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: bank

text: the

text: Cyprus

text: Popular

text: Bank

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Laiki

text: Bank

text: into

text: a

text: bad

text: bank

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: wound

text: down

text: over

text: time

text: and

text: a

text: good

text: bank

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: absorbed

text: by

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: In

text: return

text: for

text: a

text: billion

text: bailout

text: from

text: the

text: European

text: Commission

text: the

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: troika

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: government

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: impose

text: a

text: significant

text: haircut

text: on

text: uninsured

text: deposits

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: held

text: by

text: wealthy

text: Russians

text: who

text: used

text: Cyprus

text: as

text: a

text: tax

text: haven

text: Insured

text: deposits

text: of

text: or

text: less

text: were

text: not

text: affected

question: What did the March 2013 agreement decide?

answer: split the country's second largest bank

text: split the country's second largest bank

question: Who would eventually absorb the "good" bank of Cyprus Popular Bank?

answer: Bank of Cyprus

text: Bank of Cyprus

question: What was the amount of bailout money given to Cyprus?

answer: €10 billion

text: €10 billion

question: Who was using Cyprus as a tax haven?

answer: wealthy Russians

text: wealthy Russians


text: Islamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societies, notably the miniature style made famous in Persia and under the Ottoman Empire which featured paintings of people and animals, and also depictions of Quranic stories and Islamic traditional narratives. Another reason why Islamic art is usually abstract is to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God, an objective achieved by arabesque. Islamic calligraphy is an omnipresent decoration in Islamic art, and is usually expressed in the form of Quranic verses. Two of the main scripts involved are the symbolic kufic and naskh scripts, which can be found adorning the walls and domes of mosques, the sides of minbars, and so on.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Islamic

text: art

text: frequently

text: adopts

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: geometrical

text: floral

text: or

text: vegetal

text: designs

text: in

text: a

text: repetition

text: known

text: as

text: arabesque

text: Such

text: designs

text: are

text: highly

text: nonrepresentational

text: as

text: Islam

text: forbids

text: representational

text: depictions

text: as

text: found

text: in

text: pre

text: Islamic

text: pagan

text: religions

text: Despite

text: this

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: presence

text: of

text: depictional

text: art

text: in

text: some

text: Muslim

text: societies

text: notably

text: the

text: miniature

text: style

text: made

text: famous

text: in

text: Persia

text: and

text: under

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: which

text: featured

text: paintings

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: animals

text: and

text: also

text: depictions

text: of

text: Quranic

text: stories

text: and

text: Islamic

text: traditional

text: narratives

text: Another

text: reason

text: why

text: Islamic

text: art

text: is

text: usually

text: abstract

text: is

text: to

text: symbolize

text: the

text: transcendence

text: indivisible

text: and

text: infinite

text: nature

text: of

text: God

text: an

text: objective

text: achieved

text: by

text: arabesque

text: Islamic

text: calligraphy

text: is

text: an

text: omnipresent

text: decoration

text: in

text: Islamic

text: art

text: and

text: is

text: usually

text: expressed

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: Quranic

text: verses

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: scripts

text: involved

text: are

text: the

text: symbolic

text: kufic

text: and

text: naskh

text: scripts

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: adorning

text: the

text: walls

text: and

text: domes

text: of

text: mosques

text: the

text: sides

text: of

text: minbars

text: and

text: so

text: on

question: What is the repetitive use of geometric floral designs known as in Islamic art?

answer: arabesque

text: arabesque

question: Islam forbade types of art found in what religions?

answer: pre-Islamic pagan religions

text: pre-Islamic pagan religions

question: Miniature paintings of the Ottoman empire featured what kind of subjects?

answer: people and animals

text: people and animals

question: In mosques domes may have what kind of scripts decorating them?

answer: kufic and naskh scripts

text: kufic and naskh scripts

question: What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract?

answer: to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God

text: to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God

question: What type of depictions have been forbiden through out the iIslamic World?

text: representational depictions

question: Who embraces the art of pre-Islamic cultures?

text: Muslim societies

question: What does depictional art represent about God?

question: Who is known for minature depictions of God?

text: Persia


text: In practice, because of sovereignty, any state can withdraw from any treaty at any time. The question of whether this is permitted is really a question of how other states will react to the withdrawal; for instance, another state might impose sanctions or go to war over a treaty violation.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: In

text: practice

text: because

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: any

text: state

text: can

text: withdraw

text: from

text: any

text: treaty

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: The

text: question

text: of

text: whether

text: this

text: is

text: permitted

text: is

text: really

text: a

text: question

text: of

text: how

text: other

text: states

text: will

text: react

text: to

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: for

text: instance

text: another

text: state

text: might

text: impose

text: sanctions

text: or

text: go

text: to

text: war

text: over

text: a

text: treaty

text: violation

question: What factor, in practice, allows a state to withdraw from any treaty at any time?

answer: sovereignty

text: sovereignty

question: What really determines whether withdrawal from a treaty is permitted?

answer: how other states will react

text: how other states will react

question: What might a state do in response to another state's withdrawal from a treaty?

answer: impose sanctions or go to war

text: impose sanctions or go to war

question: Although withdrawal from a treaty may not be possible in theory, when might it be possible anyway?

answer: In practice

text: In practice

question: Because of sovereignty when may a state withdrawal from a treaty?

answer: at any time

text: at any time


text: In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: ARC

text: was

text: founded

text: through

text: a

text: merger

text: of

text: several

text: smaller

text: record

text: companies

text: which

text: ultimately

text: transformed

text: into

text: one

text: enterprise

text: known

text: as

text: SME

text: In

text: the

text: depths

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Phonograph

text: Company

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: including

text: its

text: Okeh

text: Records

text: subsidiary

text: was

text: acquired

text: by

text: ARC

text: in

question: In what year did ARC form?

answer: 1929

question: In what year did Columbia Phonography Company form?

answer: 1888

question: In what year did ARC take over Columbia Phonography Company?

answer: 1934

question: ABC was founded through a merger in what year?

question: The Columbia Phonograph Company in China was acquired by ARC in what year?

question: The Columbia Photography Company was founded in what year?

question: ARC was founded through a merger of several larger what?

text: record companies

question: Okeh Records had whom as a subsidiary?

text: the Columbia Phonograph Company


text: There was also another government institution called Imperial Household Department which was unique to the Qing dynasty. It was established before the fall of the Ming, but it became mature only after 1661, following the death of the Shunzhi Emperor and the accession of his son, the Kangxi Emperor. The department's original purpose was to manage the internal affairs of the imperial family and the activities of the inner palace (in which tasks it largely replaced eunuchs), but it also played an important role in Qing relations with Tibet and Mongolia, engaged in trading activities (jade, ginseng, salt, furs, etc.), managed textile factories in the Jiangnan region, and even published books. Relations with the Salt Superintendents and salt merchants, such as those at Yangzhou, were particularly lucrative, especially since they were direct, and did not go through absorptive layers of bureaucracy. The department was manned by booi,[o] or "bondservants," from the Upper Three Banners. By the 19th century, it managed the activities of at least 56 subagencies.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: another

text: government

text: institution

text: called

text: Imperial

text: Household

text: Department

text: which

text: was

text: unique

text: to

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: before

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: but

text: it

text: became

text: mature

text: only

text: after

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: Shunzhi

text: Emperor

text: and

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: his

text: son

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: The

text: department

text: 's

text: original

text: purpose

text: was

text: to

text: manage

text: the

text: internal

text: affairs

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: and

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: the

text: inner

text: palace

text: in

text: which

text: tasks

text: it

text: largely

text: replaced

text: eunuchs

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: Qing

text: relations

text: with

text: Tibet

text: and

text: Mongolia

text: engaged

text: in

text: trading

text: activities

text: jade

text: ginseng

text: salt

text: furs

text: etc

text: managed

text: textile

text: factories

text: in

text: the

text: Jiangnan

text: region

text: and

text: even

text: published

text: books

text: Relations

text: with

text: the

text: Salt

text: Superintendents

text: and

text: salt

text: merchants

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: at

text: Yangzhou

text: were

text: particularly

text: lucrative

text: especially

text: since

text: they

text: were

text: direct

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: go

text: through

text: absorptive

text: layers

text: of

text: bureaucracy

text: The

text: department

text: was

text: manned

text: by

text: booi,[o

text: or

text: bondservants

text: from

text: the

text: Upper

text: Three

text: Banners

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: managed

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: subagencies

question: Which emperor followed Shunzhi?

answer: Kangxi

text: Kangxi

question: Where were textile factories located?

answer: Jiangnan region

text: Jiangnan region

question: What did China trade with Tibet and Mongolia?

answer: jade, ginseng, salt, furs

text: jade, ginseng, salt, furs


text: The Alps are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain. Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere causes the temperature to decrease (see adiabatic lapse rate). The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry warm air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, where it expands in volume at the cost of a proportionate loss of temperature, often accompanied by precipitation in the form of snow or rain. The height of the Alps is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and a dry south because moisture is sucked from the air as it flows over the high peaks.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: a

text: classic

text: example

text: of

text: what

text: happens

text: when

text: a

text: temperate

text: area

text: at

text: lower

text: altitude

text: gives

text: way

text: to

text: higher

text: elevation

text: terrain

text: Elevations

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: that

text: have

text: cold

text: climates

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: polar

text: regions

text: have

text: been

text: called

text: Alpine

text: A

text: rise

text: from

text: sea

text: level

text: into

text: the

text: upper

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: causes

text: the

text: temperature

text: to

text: decrease

text: see

text: adiabatic

text: lapse

text: rate

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: mountain

text: chains

text: on

text: prevailing

text: winds

text: is

text: to

text: carry

text: warm

text: air

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: lower

text: region

text: into

text: an

text: upper

text: zone

text: where

text: it

text: expands

text: in

text: volume

text: at

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: a

text: proportionate

text: loss

text: of

text: temperature

text: often

text: accompanied

text: by

text: precipitation

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: snow

text: or

text: rain

text: The

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: is

text: sufficient

text: to

text: divide

text: the

text: weather

text: patterns

text: in

text: Europe

text: into

text: a

text: wet

text: north

text: and

text: a

text: dry

text: south

text: because

text: moisture

text: is

text: sucked

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: as

text: it

text: flows

text: over

text: the

text: high

text: peaks

question: What are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain?

answer: The Alps

text: The Alps

question: Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what?

answer: Alpine

text: Alpine

question: What causes the temperature to decrease?

answer: A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere

text: A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere

question: What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south?

answer: The height of the Alps

text: The height of the Alps


text: Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operational readiness of the system to be supported, and/or to become part of the production environment. Hence, it is also known as operational readiness testing (ORT) or Operations readiness and assurance (OR&A) testing. Functional testing within OAT is limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Operational

text: Acceptance

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: conduct

text: operational

text: readiness

text: pre

text: release

text: of

text: a

text: product

text: service

text: or

text: system

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: quality

text: management

text: system

text: OAT

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: type

text: of

text: non

text: functional

text: software

text: testing

text: used

text: mainly

text: in

text: software

text: development

text: and

text: software

text: maintenance

text: projects

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: testing

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: operational

text: readiness

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: to

text: be

text: supported

text: and/or

text: to

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: production

text: environment

text: Hence

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: operational

text: readiness

text: testing

text: ORT

text: or

text: Operations

text: readiness

text: and

text: assurance

text: OR&A

text: testing

text: Functional

text: testing

text: within

text: OAT

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: those

text: tests

text: which

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: verify

text: the

text: non

text: functional

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: system

question: What is the term used to test software during a pre-release?

answer: Operational Acceptance

text: Operational Acceptance

question: What does Operational Acceptance focus on?

answer: operational readiness of the system

text: operational readiness of the system

question: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while testing?

answer: limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system

text: limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system

question: What is Occupational Acceptance used for?

question: What is an uncommon type of functional software testing?

text: OAT

question: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while running?

question: OAT focuses the least on what?