text: In 2006, Jian Li, a Chinese undergraduate at Yale University, filed a civil rights complaint with the Office for Civil Rights against Princeton University, claiming that his race played a role in their decision to reject his application for admission and seeking the suspension of federal financial assistance to the university until it "discontinues discrimination against Asian Americans in all forms" by eliminating race and legacy preferences. Princeton Dean of Admissions Janet Rapelye responded to the claims in the November 30, 2006, issue of the Daily Princetonian by stating that "the numbers don't indicate [discrimination]." She said that Li was not admitted because "many others had far better qualifications." Li's extracurricular activities were described as "not all that outstanding". Li countered in an email, saying that his placement on the waitlist undermines Rapelye's claim. "Princeton had initially waitlisted my application," Li said. "So if it were not for a yield which was higher than expected, the admissions office very well may have admitted a candidate whose "outside activities were not all that outstanding".

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: Jian

text: Li

text: a

text: Chinese

text: undergraduate

text: at

text: Yale

text: University

text: filed

text: a

text: civil

text: rights

text: complaint

text: with

text: the

text: Office

text: for

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: against

text: Princeton

text: University

text: claiming

text: that

text: his

text: race

text: played

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: their

text: decision

text: to

text: reject

text: his

text: application

text: for

text: admission

text: and

text: seeking

text: the

text: suspension

text: of

text: federal

text: financial

text: assistance

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: until

text: it

text: discontinues

text: discrimination

text: against

text: Asian

text: Americans

text: in

text: all

text: forms

text: by

text: eliminating

text: race

text: and

text: legacy

text: preferences

text: Princeton

text: Dean

text: of

text: Admissions

text: Janet

text: Rapelye

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: claims

text: in

text: the

text: November

text: issue

text: of

text: the

text: Daily

text: Princetonian

text: by

text: stating

text: that

text: the

text: numbers

text: do

text: n't

text: indicate

text: discrimination

text: She

text: said

text: that

text: Li

text: was

text: not

text: admitted

text: because

text: many

text: others

text: had

text: far

text: better

text: qualifications

text: Li

text: 's

text: extracurricular

text: activities

text: were

text: described

text: as

text: not

text: all

text: that

text: outstanding

text: Li

text: countered

text: in

text: an

text: email

text: saying

text: that

text: his

text: placement

text: on

text: the

text: waitlist

text: undermines

text: Rapelye

text: 's

text: claim

text: Princeton

text: had

text: initially

text: waitlisted

text: my

text: application

text: Li

text: said

text: So

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: not

text: for

text: a

text: yield

text: which

text: was

text: higher

text: than

text: expected

text: the

text: admissions

text: office

text: very

text: well

text: may

text: have

text: admitted

text: a

text: candidate

text: whose

text: outside

text: activities

text: were

text: not

text: all

text: that

text: outstanding

question: With which organization did Li file a civil rights complaint?

answer: Office for Civil Rights

text: Office for Civil Rights

question: Which university was Li alleging racial discrimination against?

answer: Princeton University

text: Princeton University

question: Who was the Dean of Admissions at Princeton University at the time of the complaint?

answer: Janet Rapelye

text: Janet Rapelye

question: What did Princeton claim the real reasons for the rejection of Li's application was?

answer: many others had far better qualifications

text: many others had far better qualifications

question: Even though Li did not get accepted, what was done instead of a straight rejection?

answer: placement on the waitlist

text: placement on the waitlist

question: With which organization did Li not file a civil rights complaint?

text: Office for Civil Rights against

question: Which university was Li allegingn non-racial discrimination against?

text: Princeton University

question: Who wasn't the Dean of Admissions at Princeton University at the time of the complaint?

text: Janet Rapelye

question: What did Princeton claim the real reasons for the approval of Li's application was?

question: Even though Li did not get rejected, what was done instead of a straight rejection?

text: waitlisted


text: Expansive interior light has been a feature of Gothic cathedrals since the first structure was opened. The metaphysics of light in the Middle Ages led to clerical belief in its divinity and the importance of its display in holy settings. Much of this belief was based on the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius, a sixth-century mystic whose book, The Celestial Hierarchy, was popular among monks in France. Pseudo-Dionysius held that all light, even light reflected from metals or streamed through windows, was divine. To promote such faith, the abbot in charge of the Saint-Denis church on the north edge of Paris, the Abbot Suger, encouraged architects remodeling the building to make the interior as bright as possible.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: Expansive

text: interior

text: light

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: feature

text: of

text: Gothic

text: cathedrals

text: since

text: the

text: first

text: structure

text: was

text: opened

text: The

text: metaphysics

text: of

text: light

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: led

text: to

text: clerical

text: belief

text: in

text: its

text: divinity

text: and

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: its

text: display

text: in

text: holy

text: settings

text: Much

text: of

text: this

text: belief

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Pseudo

text: Dionysius

text: a

text: sixth

text: century

text: mystic

text: whose

text: book

text: The

text: Celestial

text: Hierarchy

text: was

text: popular

text: among

text: monks

text: in

text: France

text: Pseudo

text: Dionysius

text: held

text: that

text: all

text: light

text: even

text: light

text: reflected

text: from

text: metals

text: or

text: streamed

text: through

text: windows

text: was

text: divine

text: To

text: promote

text: such

text: faith

text: the

text: abbot

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: church

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: edge

text: of

text: Paris

text: the

text: Abbot

text: Suger

text: encouraged

text: architects

text: remodeling

text: the

text: building

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: interior

text: as

text: bright

text: as

text: possible

question: What sort of light has always been characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?

answer: Expansive interior light

text: Expansive interior light

question: Whose writings led to the clerical belief in the divinity of light?

answer: Pseudo-Dionysius

text: Pseudo-Dionysius

question: What book became popular with monks in France and had an effect on how light was used in cathedrals?

answer: The Celestial Hierarchy

text: The Celestial Hierarchy

question: Who encouraged cathedral architects to allow as much light as possible into the building?

answer: the Abbot Suger

text: the Abbot Suger

question: Who held the belief that all light, including light reflected from walls and surfaces was divine?

answer: Pseudo-Dionysius

text: Pseudo-Dionysius

question: What sort of ultraviolet light has always been characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?

text: Expansive interior light

question: Whose writings led to the clerical belief in the divinity of darkness?

text: Pseudo-Dionysius

question: What book became unpopular with monks in France and had an effect on how light was used in cathedrals?

text: The Celestial Hierarchy

question: Who encouraged cathedral architects to allow as little light as possible into the building?

text: the Abbot Suger

question: Who held the belief that all light, including light reflected from walls and surfaces was fake?

text: Pseudo-Dionysius


text: In 1990 religion and politics intersected to impact the outcome of the Eighth District election in South Richmond. With the endorsements of black power brokers, black clergy and the Richmond Crusade for Voters, South Richmond residents made history, electing Reverend A. Carl Prince to the Richmond City Council. As the first African American Baptist Minister elected to the Richmond City Council, Prince's election paved the way for a political paradigm shift in politics that persist today. Following Prince's election, Reverend Gwendolyn Hedgepeth and the Reverend Leonidas Young, former Richmond Mayor were elected to public office. Prior to Prince's election black clergy made political endorsements and served as appointees to the Richmond School Board and other boards throughout the city. Today religion and politics continues to thrive in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Honorable Dwight C. Jones, a prominent Baptist pastor and former Chairman of the Richmond School Board and Member of the Virginia House of Delegates serves as Mayor of the City of Richmond.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: In

text: religion

text: and

text: politics

text: intersected

text: to

text: impact

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: Eighth

text: District

text: election

text: in

text: South

text: Richmond

text: With

text: the

text: endorsements

text: of

text: black

text: power

text: brokers

text: black

text: clergy

text: and

text: the

text: Richmond

text: Crusade

text: for

text: Voters

text: South

text: Richmond

text: residents

text: made

text: history

text: electing

text: Reverend

text: A.

text: Carl

text: Prince

text: to

text: the

text: Richmond

text: City

text: Council

text: As

text: the

text: first

text: African

text: American

text: Baptist

text: Minister

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: Richmond

text: City

text: Council

text: Prince

text: 's

text: election

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: a

text: political

text: paradigm

text: shift

text: in

text: politics

text: that

text: persist

text: today

text: Following

text: Prince

text: 's

text: election

text: Reverend

text: Gwendolyn

text: Hedgepeth

text: and

text: the

text: Reverend

text: Leonidas

text: Young

text: former

text: Richmond

text: Mayor

text: were

text: elected

text: to

text: public

text: office

text: Prior

text: to

text: Prince

text: 's

text: election

text: black

text: clergy

text: made

text: political

text: endorsements

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: appointees

text: to

text: the

text: Richmond

text: School

text: Board

text: and

text: other

text: boards

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: Today

text: religion

text: and

text: politics

text: continues

text: to

text: thrive

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Virginia

text: The

text: Honorable

text: Dwight

text: C.

text: Jones

text: a

text: prominent

text: Baptist

text: pastor

text: and

text: former

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Richmond

text: School

text: Board

text: and

text: Member

text: of

text: the

text: Virginia

text: House

text: of

text: Delegates

text: serves

text: as

text: Mayor

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Richmond

question: What is A. Carl Prince's religious affiliation?

answer: Baptist

text: Baptist

question: What is the current mayor of Richmond?

answer: Dwight C. Jones

text: Dwight C. Jones

question: In what year was the first black Baptist minister elected to the city council?

answer: 1990

question: In what district did A. Carl Prince win election to the city council?

answer: Eighth

text: Eighth

question: What political organization supported the city council candidacy of A. Carl Prince?

answer: Richmond Crusade for Voters

text: Richmond Crusade for Voters


text: Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Many

text: Pygmies

text: belong

text: from

text: birth

text: to

text: Bantus

text: in

text: a

text: relationship

text: many

text: refer

text: to

text: as

text: slavery

text: The

text: Congolese

text: Human

text: Rights

text: Observatory

text: says

text: that

text: the

text: Pygmies

text: are

text: treated

text: as

text: property

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: pets

text: are

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Congolese

text: parliament

text: adopted

text: a

text: law

text: for

text: the

text: promotion

text: and

text: protection

text: of

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: This

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: its

text: adoption

text: is

text: a

text: historic

text: development

text: for

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: on

text: the

text: continent

question: Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?

answer: Bantus

text: Bantus

question: The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?

answer: pets

text: pets

question: When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?

answer: December 30, 2010

text: December 30, 2010

question: Who do many Bantus belong to?

text: Pygmies

question: When did the Congolese parliament strike down a law to protect indigenous people?

text: December 30, 2010

question: What is the last of its kind in Africa?

text: This law

question: What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say Bantus are treated as?

text: pets

question: What does no one refer to as slavery?

text: Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus


text: The "photoelectrons" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy that is less than the work function of the material), no photoelectrons are emitted at all, unless a plurality of photons, whose energetic sum is greater than the energy of the photoelectrons, acts virtually simultaneously (multiphoton effect)  Assuming the frequency is high enough to cause the photoelectric effect, a rise in intensity of the light source causes more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy, rather than the same number of photoelectrons to be emitted with higher kinetic energy.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: The

text: photoelectrons

text: emitted

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: photoelectric

text: effect

text: have

text: a

text: certain

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: This

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: for

text: each

text: photoelectron

text: is

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: intensity

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: but

text: depends

text: linearly

text: on

text: the

text: frequency

text: and

text: if

text: the

text: frequency

text: is

text: too

text: low

text: corresponding

text: to

text: a

text: photon

text: energy

text: that

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: work

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: no

text: photoelectrons

text: are

text: emitted

text: at

text: all

text: unless

text: a

text: plurality

text: of

text: photons

text: whose

text: energetic

text: sum

text: is

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: photoelectrons

text: acts

text: virtually

text: simultaneously

text: multiphoton

text: effect

text: Assuming

text: the

text: frequency

text: is

text: high

text: enough

text: to

text: cause

text: the

text: photoelectric

text: effect

text: a

text: rise

text: in

text: intensity

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: source

text: causes

text: more

text: photoelectrons

text: to

text: be

text: emitted

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: same

text: number

text: of

text: photoelectrons

text: to

text: be

text: emitted

text: with

text: higher

text: kinetic

text: energy

question: What is emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect?

answer: photoelectrons

text: photoelectrons

question: What does the kinetic energy of a photoelectron depend on?

answer: the frequency

text: the frequency

question: What happens if the photoelectron's frequency is too low?

answer: no photoelectrons are emitted at all

text: no photoelectrons are emitted at all

question: What is the term used when photoelectrons act virtually at the same time?

answer: multiphoton effect

text: multiphoton effect

question: What type of energy due photoelectrons emitted due to the photoelectric effect have?

answer: kinetic

text: kinetic

question: What factor of the initial light source does the energy of the photoelectrons depend on?

answer: frequency

text: frequency

question: When the photon energy is less than the work function of the material the light is shone upon, how many photoelectrons are emitted?

answer: no photoelectrons are emitted at all

text: no photoelectrons are emitted at all

question: If the photoelectric effect is occuring, increasing the intensity of the light source causes what?

answer: more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy

text: more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy

question: What is infused as a result of the photoneutral effect?

text: photoelectrons

question: What does the kinetic energy of a photoelectron lose?

text: the frequency

question: What happens if the photoelectron's frequency stays the same?

text: no photoelectrons are emitted at all

question: What type of energy due photoelectrons emitted due to the photoneutral effect have?

text: kinetic


text: During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conception of history). Later Marxists developed the notion of dialectical materialism which characterized later Marxist philosophy and method.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: and

text: Friedrich

text: Engels

text: extended

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: materialism

text: to

text: elaborate

text: a

text: materialist

text: conception

text: of

text: history

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: roughly

text: empirical

text: world

text: of

text: human

text: activity

text: practice

text: including

text: labor

text: and

text: the

text: institutions

text: created

text: reproduced

text: or

text: destroyed

text: by

text: that

text: activity

text: see

text: materialist

text: conception

text: of

text: history

text: Later

text: Marxists

text: developed

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: dialectical

text: materialism

text: which

text: characterized

text: later

text: Marxist

text: philosophy

text: and

text: method

question: What type of materialism defined the Marxist philosophy?

answer: dialectical materialism

text: dialectical materialism

question: When was Karl Marx born?

text: 19th century

question: When was Friedrich Engels born?

text: 19th century

question: Which era of Marxists rejected the notion of dialectical materialism?

text: Later Marxists

question: Who was Karl Marx's enemy?

text: Friedrich Engels

question: What type of materialism did not define the Marxist philosophy?

text: dialectical materialism


text: There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to "University of Technology": Rajamangala University of Technology (formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thonburi Technology Institute).

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: former

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: which

text: already

text: changed

text: their

text: name

text: to

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: Rajamangala

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: formerly

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: Vocational

text: Education

text: and

text: King

text: Mongkut

text: 's

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: Thonburi

text: Thonburi

text: Technology

text: Institute

question: What did the Thonburi Technology Institute become after its name change?

answer: King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi

text: King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi

question: What was the previous name of Rajamangala University of Technology?

answer: Institute of Technology and Vocational Education

text: Institute of Technology and Vocational Education


text: Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: Iran

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: regional

text: and

text: middle

text: power

text: exerting

text: considerable

text: influence

text: in

text: international

text: energy

text: security

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: economy

text: through

text: its

text: large

text: reserves

text: of

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: largest

text: natural

text: gas

text: supply

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: proven

text: oil

text: reserves

text: Iran

text: 's

text: rich

text: cultural

text: legacy

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: its

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Sites

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: number

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What city is Iran's capital?

answer: Tehran

text: Tehran

question: What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world?

answer: natural gas

text: natural gas

question: What resource does Iran have the fourth largest supply of in the world?

answer: proven oil reserves

text: proven oil reserves

question: How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have?

answer: 19

question: How does Iran effect the world economy and international energy markets?

answer: through its large reserves of fossil fuels

text: through its large reserves of fossil fuels


text: In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City. Under relentless growth, the Mexico City government could barely keep up with services. Villagers from the countryside who continued to pour into the city to escape poverty only compounded the city's problems. With no housing available, they took over lands surrounding the city, creating huge shantytowns that extended for many miles. This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems, as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater. Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs, the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: In

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: industrial

text: jobs

text: in

text: Mexico

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Under

text: relentless

text: growth

text: the

text: Mexico

text: City

text: government

text: could

text: barely

text: keep

text: up

text: with

text: services

text: Villagers

text: from

text: the

text: countryside

text: who

text: continued

text: to

text: pour

text: into

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: escape

text: poverty

text: only

text: compounded

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: problems

text: With

text: no

text: housing

text: available

text: they

text: took

text: over

text: lands

text: surrounding

text: the

text: city

text: creating

text: huge

text: shantytowns

text: that

text: extended

text: for

text: many

text: miles

text: This

text: caused

text: serious

text: air

text: pollution

text: in

text: Mexico

text: City

text: and

text: water

text: pollution

text: problems

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: subsidence

text: due

text: to

text: overextraction

text: of

text: groundwater

text: Air

text: and

text: water

text: pollution

text: has

text: been

text: contained

text: and

text: improved

text: in

text: several

text: areas

text: due

text: to

text: government

text: programs

text: the

text: renovation

text: of

text: vehicles

text: and

text: the

text: modernization

text: of

text: public

text: transportation

question: How many of the industrial jobs in the county were based in Mexico City in the late 20th century?

answer: half

text: half

question: What did the countryside workers make to live in?

answer: shantytowns

text: shantytowns

question: What did the shantytowns create?

answer: serious air pollution

text: serious air pollution


text: Similarly, the federal constitutional initiative allows citizens to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote, if 100,000 voters sign the proposed amendment within 18 months.[note 8] Parliament can supplement the proposed amendment with a counter-proposal, and then voters must indicate a preference on the ballot in case both proposals are accepted. Constitutional amendments, whether introduced by initiative or in Parliament, must be accepted by a double majority of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular votes.[note 9]

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: Similarly

text: the

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: initiative

text: allows

text: citizens

text: to

text: put

text: a

text: constitutional

text: amendment

text: to

text: a

text: national

text: vote

text: if

text: voters

text: sign

text: the

text: proposed

text: amendment

text: within

text: months.[note

text: Parliament

text: can

text: supplement

text: the

text: proposed

text: amendment

text: with

text: a

text: counter

text: proposal

text: and

text: then

text: voters

text: must

text: indicate

text: a

text: preference

text: on

text: the

text: ballot

text: in

text: case

text: both

text: proposals

text: are

text: accepted

text: Constitutional

text: amendments

text: whether

text: introduced

text: by

text: initiative

text: or

text: in

text: Parliament

text: must

text: be

text: accepted

text: by

text: a

text: double

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: popular

text: vote

text: and

text: the

text: cantonal

text: popular

text: votes.[note

question: How many voters are needed to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote?

answer: 100,000

question: How long do citizens have to collect enough votes for a national vote on a constitutional amendment?

answer: 18 months

text: 18 months

question: What can Parliament supplement the amendment proposed by the citizens with?

answer: a counter-proposal

text: a counter-proposal

question: What must voters do on the ballot when Parliament adds a supplement?

answer: indicate a preference

text: indicate a preference

question: How much of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular vote is needed to pass a constitutional amendment?

answer: a double majority

text: a double majority


text: Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: has

text: a

text: three

text: tier

text: court

text: system

text: At

text: the

text: lowest

text: level

text: are

text: magistrate

text: courts

text: situated

text: in

text: most

text: cities

text: across

text: the

text: country

text: Above

text: them

text: are

text: district

text: courts

text: serving

text: as

text: both

text: appellate

text: courts

text: and

text: courts

text: of

text: first

text: instance

text: they

text: are

text: situated

text: in

text: five

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: six

text: districts

text: The

text: third

text: and

text: highest

text: tier

text: is

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: located

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: it

text: serves

text: a

text: dual

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: of

text: appeals

text: and

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: In

text: the

text: latter

text: role

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: rules

text: as

text: a

text: court

text: of

text: first

text: instance

text: allowing

text: individuals

text: both

text: citizens

text: and

text: non

text: citizens

text: to

text: petition

text: against

text: the

text: decisions

text: of

text: state

text: authorities

text: Although

text: Israel

text: supports

text: the

text: goals

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Criminal

text: Court

text: it

text: has

text: not

text: ratified

text: the

text: Rome

text: Statute

text: citing

text: concerns

text: about

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: to

text: remain

text: free

text: from

text: political

text: impartiality

question: What kind of court system does Israel have?

answer: three-tier

text: three-tier

question: Where is the Supreme Court located?

answer: Jerusalem

text: Jerusalem

question: What is the highest tier?

answer: Supreme Court

text: Supreme Court


text: The Kingdom of Pontus was a Hellenistic kingdom on the southern coast of the Black Sea. It was founded by Mithridates I in 291 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. Despite being ruled by a dynasty which was a descendant of the Persian Achaemenid Empire it became hellenized due to the influence of the Greek cities on the Black Sea and its neighboring kingdoms. Pontic culture was a mix of Greek and Iranian elements, the most hellenized parts of the kingdom were on the coast, populated by Greek colonies such as Trapezus and Sinope, which became the capital of the kingdom. Epigraphic evidence also shows extensive Hellenistic influence in the interior. During the reign of Mithridates II, Pontus was allied with the Seleucids through dynastic marriages. By the time of Mithridates VI Eupator, Greek was the official language of the kingdom though Anatolian languages continued to be spoken.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Pontus

text: was

text: a

text: Hellenistic

text: kingdom

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Mithridates

text: I

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: lasted

text: until

text: its

text: conquest

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: in

text: BC

text: Despite

text: being

text: ruled

text: by

text: a

text: dynasty

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: descendant

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: it

text: became

text: hellenized

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: cities

text: on

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: its

text: neighboring

text: kingdoms

text: Pontic

text: culture

text: was

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: Greek

text: and

text: Iranian

text: elements

text: the

text: most

text: hellenized

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: were

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: populated

text: by

text: Greek

text: colonies

text: such

text: as

text: Trapezus

text: and

text: Sinope

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Epigraphic

text: evidence

text: also

text: shows

text: extensive

text: Hellenistic

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: During

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Mithridates

text: II

text: Pontus

text: was

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Seleucids

text: through

text: dynastic

text: marriages

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Mithridates

text: VI

text: Eupator

text: Greek

text: was

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: though

text: Anatolian

text: languages

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: spoken

question: What kingdom was Hellenistic and on the southern coast of the Black Sea?

answer: Pontus

text: Pontus

question: Who founded the Kingdom of Pontus?

answer: Mithridates I

text: Mithridates I

question: When was the Kingdom of Pontus founded?

answer: 291 BC

text: 291 BC

question: When was the Kingdom of Pontus taken over by the Roman Republic?

answer: 63 BC

text: 63 BC

question: What was the official language of the Kingdom of Pontus during the reign of Mithridates VI Eupator?

answer: Greek

text: Greek


text: Emotions are complex. According to some theories, they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior. The physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Emotion is also linked to behavioral tendency. Extroverted people are more likely to be social and express their emotions, while introverted people are more likely to be more socially withdrawn and conceal their emotions. Emotion is often the driving force behind motivation, positive or negative. Definition has been described as is a "positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity." According to other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might include motivation, feeling, behavior, and physiological changes, but no one of these components is the emotion. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these components

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Emotions

text: are

text: complex

text: According

text: to

text: some

text: theories

text: they

text: are

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: feeling

text: that

text: results

text: in

text: physical

text: and

text: psychological

text: changes

text: that

text: influence

text: our

text: behavior

text: The

text: physiology

text: of

text: emotion

text: is

text: closely

text: linked

text: to

text: arousal

text: of

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: with

text: various

text: states

text: and

text: strengths

text: of

text: arousal

text: relating

text: apparently

text: to

text: particular

text: emotions

text: Emotion

text: is

text: also

text: linked

text: to

text: behavioral

text: tendency

text: Extroverted

text: people

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: social

text: and

text: express

text: their

text: emotions

text: while

text: introverted

text: people

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: socially

text: withdrawn

text: and

text: conceal

text: their

text: emotions

text: Emotion

text: is

text: often

text: the

text: driving

text: force

text: behind

text: motivation

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: Definition

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: is

text: a

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: experience

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: particular

text: pattern

text: of

text: physiological

text: activity

text: According

text: to

text: other

text: theories

text: emotions

text: are

text: not

text: causal

text: forces

text: but

text: simply

text: syndromes

text: of

text: components

text: which

text: might

text: include

text: motivation

text: feeling

text: behavior

text: and

text: physiological

text: changes

text: but

text: no

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: components

text: is

text: the

text: emotion

text: Nor

text: is

text: the

text: emotion

text: an

text: entity

text: that

text: causes

text: these

text: components

question: What system of the body is related to emotion's physiology?

answer: nervous

text: nervous

question: What sorts of people are more likely to be emotionally expressive?

answer: Extroverted

text: Extroverted

question: What type of people hide their emotions?

answer: introverted

text: introverted

question: What is emotion frequently responsible for driving?

answer: motivation

text: motivation

question: Along with physical changes, what sort of changes do emotions sometimes cause?

answer: psychological

text: psychological

question: What system of the body is not related to emotion's physiology?

text: nervous

question: What sorts of people are less likely to be emotionally expressive?

text: Extroverted

question: What type of people show their emotions?

text: introverted

question: What is emotion infrequently responsible for driving?

text: motivation

question: Along with physical changes, what sort of changes do emotions never cause?

text: physiological


text: In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: In

text: Danish

text: and

text: most

text: southern

text: varieties

text: of

text: German

text: the

text: lenis

text: consonants

text: transcribed

text: for

text: historical

text: reasons

text: as

text: ⟨b

text: d

text: ɡ⟩

text: are

text: distinguished

text: from

text: their

text: fortis

text: counterparts

text: ⟨p

text: t

text: k⟩

text: mainly

text: in

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: aspiration

question: How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants?

answer: their lack of aspiration

text: their lack of aspiration

question: If the lenis are ⟨b d ɡ⟩, what are the fortis counterparts?

answer: ⟨p t k⟩

text: ⟨p t k⟩

question: What is often transcribed for numerical reasons?

text: the "lenis" consonants

question: In English, "lenis" consonants are know as what?

text: ⟨b d ɡ⟩

question: The "lenis" consonants are distinguished from their modern counterparts by what?

text: their lack of aspiration

question: Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?

text: ⟨p t k⟩

question: Fortis counterparts are translated as what in the Chinese language?

text: lack of aspiration


text: In 1968 Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle published The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), the basis for generative phonology. In this view, phonological representations are sequences of segments made up of distinctive features. These features were an expansion of earlier work by Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, and Morris Halle. The features describe aspects of articulation and perception, are from a universally fixed set, and have the binary values + or −. There are at least two levels of representation: underlying representation and surface phonetic representation. Ordered phonological rules govern how underlying representation is transformed into the actual pronunciation (the so-called surface form). An important consequence of the influence SPE had on phonological theory was the downplaying of the syllable and the emphasis on segments. Furthermore, the generativists folded morphophonology into phonology, which both solved and created problems.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: In

text: Noam

text: Chomsky

text: and

text: Morris

text: Halle

text: published

text: The

text: Sound

text: Pattern

text: of

text: English

text: SPE

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: generative

text: phonology

text: In

text: this

text: view

text: phonological

text: representations

text: are

text: sequences

text: of

text: segments

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: distinctive

text: features

text: These

text: features

text: were

text: an

text: expansion

text: of

text: earlier

text: work

text: by

text: Roman

text: Jakobson

text: Gunnar

text: Fant

text: and

text: Morris

text: Halle

text: The

text: features

text: describe

text: aspects

text: of

text: articulation

text: and

text: perception

text: are

text: from

text: a

text: universally

text: fixed

text: set

text: and

text: have

text: the

text: binary

text: values

text: or

text: There

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: representation

text: underlying

text: representation

text: and

text: surface

text: phonetic

text: representation

text: Ordered

text: phonological

text: rules

text: govern

text: how

text: underlying

text: representation

text: is

text: transformed

text: into

text: the

text: actual

text: pronunciation

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: surface

text: form

text: An

text: important

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: influence

text: SPE

text: had

text: on

text: phonological

text: theory

text: was

text: the

text: downplaying

text: of

text: the

text: syllable

text: and

text: the

text: emphasis

text: on

text: segments

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: generativists

text: folded

text: morphophonology

text: into

text: phonology

text: which

text: both

text: solved

text: and

text: created

text: problems

question: When was The Sound Pattern of English published?

answer: 1968

question: Other than Chomsky who else published The Sound Pattern of English?

answer: Morris Halle

text: Morris Halle

question: Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on phonological theory?

answer: emphasis on segments

text: emphasis on segments

question: What other discipline was combined with phonology by the generativists?

answer: morphophonology

text: morphophonology

question: When were expansion rules published?

question: Other than Chornsky who else published expansion rules?

text: Morris Halle

question: Besides the syllable what was downplayed as a result of SPE's influence on expansion rules?

text: emphasis on segments

question: What other discipline was combined with expansion by the generativists?

text: morphophonology

question: What are from a universally important syllable?

text: features


text: Professional wrestling shows can be considered a form of theatre in the round, with the ring, ringside area, and entryway comprising a thrust stage. However, there is a much more limited concept of a fourth wall than in most theatric performances. The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators to the sporting event being portrayed, and are encouraged to interact as such. This leads to a high level of audience participation; in fact, their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds. Often, individual matches will be part of a longer storyline conflict between "babyfaces" (often shortened to just "faces") and "heels". "Faces" (the "good guys") are those whose actions are intended to encourage the audience to cheer, while "heels" (the "bad guys") act to draw the spectators' ire.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: shows

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: theatre

text: in

text: the

text: round

text: with

text: the

text: ring

text: ringside

text: area

text: and

text: entryway

text: comprising

text: a

text: thrust

text: stage

text: However

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: much

text: more

text: limited

text: concept

text: of

text: a

text: fourth

text: wall

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: theatric

text: performances

text: The

text: audience

text: is

text: recognized

text: and

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: the

text: performers

text: as

text: spectators

text: to

text: the

text: sporting

text: event

text: being

text: portrayed

text: and

text: are

text: encouraged

text: to

text: interact

text: as

text: such

text: This

text: leads

text: to

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: audience

text: participation

text: in

text: fact

text: their

text: reactions

text: can

text: dictate

text: how

text: the

text: performance

text: unfolds

text: Often

text: individual

text: matches

text: will

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: longer

text: storyline

text: conflict

text: between

text: babyfaces

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: faces

text: and

text: heels

text: Faces

text: the

text: good

text: guys

text: are

text: those

text: whose

text: actions

text: are

text: intended

text: to

text: encourage

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: cheer

text: while

text: heels

text: the

text: bad

text: guys

text: act

text: to

text: draw

text: the

text: spectators

text: ire

question: How do the wrestlers treat the audience?

answer: The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators

text: The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as spectators

question: How does the audience being acknowledged by the wrestlers impact the show?

answer: This leads to a high level of audience participation

text: This leads to a high level of audience participation

question: What can the audience do during a show?

answer: their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds.

text: their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds.

question: What kind of conflict can arise during a show?

answer: Often, individual matches will be part of a longer storyline conflict between "babyfaces" (often shortened to just "faces") and "heels".

text: Often, individual matches will be part of a longer storyline conflict between "babyfaces" (often shortened to just "faces") and "heels".

question: Which of the wrestlers are the bad guys?

answer: "heels" (the "bad guys")

text: "heels" (the "bad guys")


text: At the 29 August Arab League summit in Khartoum, Nasser's usual commanding position had receded as the attending heads of state expected Saudi King Faisal to lead. A ceasefire in the Yemen War was declared and the summit concluded with the Khartoum Resolution. The Soviet Union soon resupplied the Egyptian military with about half of its former arsenals and broke diplomatic relations with Israel. Nasser cut relations with the US following the war, and, according to Aburish, his policy of "playing the superpowers against each other" ended. In November, Nasser accepted UN Resolution 242, which called for Israel's withdrawal from territories acquired in the war. His supporters claimed Nasser's move was meant to buy time to prepare for another confrontation with Israel, while his detractors believed his acceptance of the resolution signaled a waning interest in Palestinian independence.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: At

text: the

text: August

text: Arab

text: League

text: summit

text: in

text: Khartoum

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: usual

text: commanding

text: position

text: had

text: receded

text: as

text: the

text: attending

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: expected

text: Saudi

text: King

text: Faisal

text: to

text: lead

text: A

text: ceasefire

text: in

text: the

text: Yemen

text: War

text: was

text: declared

text: and

text: the

text: summit

text: concluded

text: with

text: the

text: Khartoum

text: Resolution

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: soon

text: resupplied

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: military

text: with

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: former

text: arsenals

text: and

text: broke

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: Israel

text: Nasser

text: cut

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: US

text: following

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Aburish

text: his

text: policy

text: of

text: playing

text: the

text: superpowers

text: against

text: each

text: other

text: ended

text: In

text: November

text: Nasser

text: accepted

text: UN

text: Resolution

text: which

text: called

text: for

text: Israel

text: 's

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: territories

text: acquired

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: His

text: supporters

text: claimed

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: move

text: was

text: meant

text: to

text: buy

text: time

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: another

text: confrontation

text: with

text: Israel

text: while

text: his

text: detractors

text: believed

text: his

text: acceptance

text: of

text: the

text: resolution

text: signaled

text: a

text: waning

text: interest

text: in

text: Palestinian

text: independence

question: Where was the Arab League summit held?

answer: Khartoum

text: Khartoum

question: What leader assumed a more prominent position due to Nasser's difficulites?

answer: King Faisal

text: King Faisal

question: What agreement ended the Yemeni civil war?

answer: Khartoum Resolution

text: Khartoum Resolution

question: What nation granted military aid to Egypt?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What document called for Israel to abandon land it obtained during the war?

answer: UN Resolution 242

text: UN Resolution 242


text: The vast majority of the reading public could not afford to own a private library, and while most of the state-run "universal libraries" set up in the 17th and 18th centuries were open to the public, they were not the only sources of reading material. On one end of the spectrum was the Bibliothèque Bleue, a collection of cheaply produced books published in Troyes, France. Intended for a largely rural and semi-literate audience these books included almanacs, retellings of medieval romances and condensed versions of popular novels, among other things. While some historians have argued against the Enlightenment's penetration into the lower classes, the Bibliothèque Bleue represents at least a desire to participate in Enlightenment sociability. Moving up the classes, a variety of institutions offered readers access to material without needing to buy anything. Libraries that lent out their material for a small price started to appear, and occasionally bookstores would offer a small lending library to their patrons. Coffee houses commonly offered books, journals and sometimes even popular novels to their customers. The Tatler and The Spectator, two influential periodicals sold from 1709 to 1714, were closely associated with coffee house culture in London, being both read and produced in various establishments in the city. This is an example of the triple or even quadruple function of the coffee house: reading material was often obtained, read, discussed and even produced on the premises.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: reading

text: public

text: could

text: not

text: afford

text: to

text: own

text: a

text: private

text: library

text: and

text: while

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: run

text: universal

text: libraries

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: were

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: the

text: only

text: sources

text: of

text: reading

text: material

text: On

text: one

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: was

text: the

text: Bibliothèque

text: Bleue

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: cheaply

text: produced

text: books

text: published

text: in

text: Troyes

text: France

text: Intended

text: for

text: a

text: largely

text: rural

text: and

text: semi

text: literate

text: audience

text: these

text: books

text: included

text: almanacs

text: retellings

text: of

text: medieval

text: romances

text: and

text: condensed

text: versions

text: of

text: popular

text: novels

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: While

text: some

text: historians

text: have

text: argued

text: against

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: 's

text: penetration

text: into

text: the

text: lower

text: classes

text: the

text: Bibliothèque

text: Bleue

text: represents

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: Enlightenment

text: sociability

text: Moving

text: up

text: the

text: classes

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: institutions

text: offered

text: readers

text: access

text: to

text: material

text: without

text: needing

text: to

text: buy

text: anything

text: Libraries

text: that

text: lent

text: out

text: their

text: material

text: for

text: a

text: small

text: price

text: started

text: to

text: appear

text: and

text: occasionally

text: bookstores

text: would

text: offer

text: a

text: small

text: lending

text: library

text: to

text: their

text: patrons

text: Coffee

text: houses

text: commonly

text: offered

text: books

text: journals

text: and

text: sometimes

text: even

text: popular

text: novels

text: to

text: their

text: customers

text: The

text: Tatler

text: and

text: The

text: Spectator

text: two

text: influential

text: periodicals

text: sold

text: from

text: to

text: were

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: coffee

text: house

text: culture

text: in

text: London

text: being

text: both

text: read

text: and

text: produced

text: in

text: various

text: establishments

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: triple

text: or

text: even

text: quadruple

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: coffee

text: house

text: reading

text: material

text: was

text: often

text: obtained

text: read

text: discussed

text: and

text: even

text: produced

text: on

text: the

text: premises

question: Where was Bibliotheque Bleue located?

answer: Troyes, France

text: Troyes, France

question: For what audience were the books of the Bibliotheque Bleue written?

answer: largely rural and semi-literate

text: largely rural and semi-literate

question: Which two influential periodicals  were closely associated with London coffee house culture and were sold from 1909 to 1714?

answer: The Tatler and The Spectator

text: The Tatler and The Spectator

question: What collection of cheaply produced books represents the lower class' desire to participate in the Enlightenment?

answer: Bibliothèque Bleue

text: Bibliothèque Bleue


text: A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification".

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: A

text: non

text: Greek

text: origin

text: of

text: Apollo

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: assumed

text: in

text: scholarship

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: Apollo

text: 's

text: mother

text: Leto

text: has

text: Lydian

text: origin

text: and

text: she

text: was

text: worshipped

text: on

text: the

text: coasts

text: of

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: The

text: inspiration

text: oracular

text: cult

text: was

text: probably

text: introduced

text: into

text: Greece

text: from

text: Anatolia

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: Sibyl

text: and

text: where

text: existed

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: oracular

text: shrines

text: Omens

text: symbols

text: purifications

text: and

text: exorcisms

text: appear

text: in

text: old

text: Assyro

text: Babylonian

text: texts

text: and

text: these

text: rituals

text: were

text: spread

text: into

text: the

text: empire

text: of

text: the

text: Hittites

text: In

text: a

text: Hittite

text: text

text: is

text: mentioned

text: that

text: the

text: king

text: invited

text: a

text: Babylonian

text: priestess

text: for

text: a

text: certain

text: purification

question: What origin was Leto?

answer: Lydian

text: Lydian

question: Where was Leto worshipped?

answer: Asia Minor

text: Asia Minor

question: What is the origin of Sibyl?

answer: Anatolia

text: Anatolia


text: The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide. Though the drug was never approved in the USA, the firm distributed Kevadon to over 1,000 physicians there under the guise of investigational use. Over 20,000 Americans received thalidomide in this "study," including 624 pregnant patients, and about 17 known newborns suffered the effects of the drug.[citation needed]

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: The

text: firm

text: continued

text: to

text: pressure

text: Kelsey

text: and

text: the

text: agency

text: to

text: approve

text: the

text: application

text: until

text: November

text: when

text: the

text: drug

text: was

text: pulled

text: off

text: the

text: German

text: market

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: grave

text: congenital

text: abnormalities

text: Several

text: thousand

text: newborns

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: suffered

text: the

text: teratogenic

text: effects

text: of

text: thalidomide

text: Though

text: the

text: drug

text: was

text: never

text: approved

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: the

text: firm

text: distributed

text: Kevadon

text: to

text: over

text: physicians

text: there

text: under

text: the

text: guise

text: of

text: investigational

text: use

text: Over

text: Americans

text: received

text: thalidomide

text: in

text: this

text: study

text: including

text: pregnant

text: patients

text: and

text: about

text: known

text: newborns

text: suffered

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: drug.[citation

text: needed

question: How many Americans were given the drug Kevadon?

answer: Over 20,000

text: Over 20,000

question: When was the drug taken off shelves in Germany?

answer: November 1961

text: November 1961

question: How many newborns were born with issues due to Kevadon?

answer: about 17

text: about 17

question: How was Kevadon distributed to doctors?

answer: under the guise of investigational use

text: under the guise of investigational use

question: Why was this drug pulled off shelves?

answer: association with grave congenital abnormalities

text: association with grave congenital abnormalities

question: In what year was thalidomide banned in Germany?

answer: 1961

question: What adverse effect was thalidomide associated with?

answer: congenital abnormalities

text: congenital abnormalities

question: Thalidomide was distributed in the USA by what name?

answer: Kevadon

text: Kevadon

question: About how many Americans received thalidomide in a supposed study?

answer: Over 20,000

text: Over 20,000

question: How many newborn American babies were affected by thalidomide?

answer: 17

question: How many Americans were given the drug thalidomide?

text: Over 20,000

question: When was the drug taken off shelves in the USA?

text: November 1961

question: How many newborns were born with issues due to Germany?

text: about 17

question: How was Kevadon distributed to the USA?

text: under the guise of investigational use

question: Why was this drug put on shelves?

text: under the guise of investigational use


text: The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula. By 1139, Portugal had established itself as a kingdom independent from León. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded Western influence and established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: land

text: within

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: current

text: Portugal

text: has

text: been

text: continuously

text: settled

text: and

text: fought

text: over

text: since

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: The

text: Celts

text: and

text: the

text: Romans

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Visigothic

text: and

text: the

text: Suebi

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: who

text: were

text: themselves

text: later

text: invaded

text: by

text: the

text: Moors

text: These

text: Muslim

text: peoples

text: were

text: eventually

text: expelled

text: during

text: the

text: Christian

text: Reconquista

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: By

text: Portugal

text: had

text: established

text: itself

text: as

text: a

text: kingdom

text: independent

text: from

text: León

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: pioneering

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: Portugal

text: expanded

text: Western

text: influence

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: global

text: empire

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: major

text: economic

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: powers

question: Who were the first inhabitants of Portugal?

answer: The Celts and the Romans

text: The Celts and the Romans

question: Which two groups followed the first inhabitants?

answer: Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples

text: Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples

question: By what year had Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom?

answer: 1139

question: What age did Portugal pioneer?

answer: Age of Discovery

text: Age of Discovery

question: In which centuries did Portugal establish the first global empire?

answer: 15th and 16th centuries

text: 15th and 16th centuries


text: Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including "Royal Highness". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title and style "His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter.

title: George_VI

title: George_VI

text: Albert

text: assumed

text: the

text: regnal

text: name

text: George

text: VI

text: to

text: emphasise

text: continuity

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: restore

text: confidence

text: in

text: the

text: monarchy

text: The

text: beginning

text: of

text: George

text: VI

text: 's

text: reign

text: was

text: taken

text: up

text: by

text: questions

text: surrounding

text: his

text: predecessor

text: and

text: brother

text: whose

text: titles

text: style

text: and

text: position

text: were

text: uncertain

text: He

text: had

text: been

text: introduced

text: as

text: His

text: Royal

text: Highness

text: Prince

text: Edward

text: for

text: the

text: abdication

text: broadcast

text: but

text: George

text: VI

text: felt

text: that

text: by

text: abdicating

text: and

text: renouncing

text: the

text: succession

text: Edward

text: had

text: lost

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: bear

text: royal

text: titles

text: including

text: Royal

text: Highness

text: In

text: settling

text: the

text: issue

text: George

text: 's

text: first

text: act

text: as

text: king

text: was

text: to

text: confer

text: upon

text: his

text: brother

text: the

text: title

text: and

text: style

text: His

text: Royal

text: Highness

text: The

text: Duke

text: of

text: Windsor

text: but

text: the

text: Letters

text: Patent

text: creating

text: the

text: dukedom

text: prevented

text: any

text: wife

text: or

text: children

text: from

text: bearing

text: royal

text: styles

text: George

text: VI

text: was

text: also

text: forced

text: to

text: buy

text: from

text: Edward

text: the

text: royal

text: residences

text: of

text: Balmoral

text: Castle

text: and

text: Sandringham

text: House

text: as

text: these

text: were

text: private

text: properties

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: pass

text: to

text: George

text: VI

text: automatically

text: Three

text: days

text: after

text: his

text: accession

text: on

text: his

text: birthday

text: he

text: invested

text: his

text: wife

text: the

text: new

text: queen

text: consort

text: with

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: Garter

question: What regnal name did Albert adopt?

answer: George VI

text: George VI

question: What title did Albert give Edward?

answer: His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor

text: His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor

question: What did Albert bestow onto his wife on his 41st birthday?

answer: the Order of the Garter

text: the Order of the Garter

question: Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward?

answer: Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House

text: Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House

question: What birthday did George IV's queen consort have before being invested with the Order of the Garter?

text: 41st birthday

question: What was Edward's regnal name?

text: George VI

question: Who did Edward succeed as king?

text: George VI

question: What royal residence did George VI own?

text: Balmoral Castle

question: In what city is Sandringham House?

text: Windsor


text: The atmosphere is severely dry nine months of the year, and average annual snowfall is only 18 inches (46 cm), due to the rain shadow effect. Western passes receive small amounts of fresh snow each year but remain traversible all year round. Low temperatures are prevalent throughout these western regions, where bleak desolation is unrelieved by any vegetation bigger than a low bush, and where wind sweeps unchecked across vast expanses of arid plain. The Indian monsoon exerts some influence on eastern Tibet. Northern Tibet is subject to high temperatures in the summer and intense cold in the winter.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: atmosphere

text: is

text: severely

text: dry

text: nine

text: months

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: average

text: annual

text: snowfall

text: is

text: only

text: inches

text: cm

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: rain

text: shadow

text: effect

text: Western

text: passes

text: receive

text: small

text: amounts

text: of

text: fresh

text: snow

text: each

text: year

text: but

text: remain

text: traversible

text: all

text: year

text: round

text: Low

text: temperatures

text: are

text: prevalent

text: throughout

text: these

text: western

text: regions

text: where

text: bleak

text: desolation

text: is

text: unrelieved

text: by

text: any

text: vegetation

text: bigger

text: than

text: a

text: low

text: bush

text: and

text: where

text: wind

text: sweeps

text: unchecked

text: across

text: vast

text: expanses

text: of

text: arid

text: plain

text: The

text: Indian

text: monsoon

text: exerts

text: some

text: influence

text: on

text: eastern

text: Tibet

text: Northern

text: Tibet

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: high

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: and

text: intense

text: cold

text: in

text: the

text: winter

question: What is the average annual snowfall in Tibet?

answer: 18 inches

text: 18 inches

question: What weather pattern exerts some influence on eastern TIbet?

answer: Indian monsoon

text: Indian monsoon

question: What are winters like in Tibet?

answer: intense cold

text: intense cold

question: What has an annual average of only 9 inches?

text: snowfall

question: What effect does the shadow rain have on Tibet?

question: What influences the weather in northern Tibet?

text: Indian monsoon


text: So-called voiced aspirated consonants are nearly always pronounced instead with breathy voice, a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds. The modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩ after a voiced consonant actually represents a breathy-voiced or murmured dental stop, as with the "voiced aspirated" bilabial stop ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages. This consonant is therefore more accurately transcribed as ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic for breathy voice, or with the modifier letter ⟨bʱ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiced glottal fricative ⟨ɦ⟩.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: So

text: called

text: voiced

text: aspirated

text: consonants

text: are

text: nearly

text: always

text: pronounced

text: instead

text: with

text: breathy

text: voice

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: phonation

text: or

text: vibration

text: of

text: the

text: vocal

text: folds

text: The

text: modifier

text: letter

text: ʰ⟩

text: after

text: a

text: voiced

text: consonant

text: actually

text: represents

text: a

text: breathy

text: voiced

text: or

text: murmured

text: dental

text: stop

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: voiced

text: aspirated

text: bilabial

text: stop

text: ⟨bʰ⟩

text: in

text: the

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: This

text: consonant

text: is

text: therefore

text: more

text: accurately

text: transcribed

text: as

text: ⟨b̤⟩

text: with

text: the

text: diacritic

text: for

text: breathy

text: voice

text: or

text: with

text: the

text: modifier

text: letter

text: ⟨bʱ⟩

text: a

text: superscript

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: symbol

text: for

text: the

text: voiced

text: glottal

text: fricative

text: ⟨ɦ⟩.

question: What is breathy voice?

answer: a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds

text: a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds

question: The ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice?

answer: ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic

text: ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic

question: What is the superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative?

text: ⟨bʱ⟩

question: Unaspirated consonants are nearly always pronouced how?

text: with breathy voice

question: What causes a murmured vibration of the vocal cords?

text: aspirated consonants

question: What represents a strong voiced or breathy dental stop?

text: The modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩

question: What represents the "voice aspirated" bilabial stop in the English language?

text: ⟨bʰ⟩


text: Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as dialects of Old Norse. This paradigm is not entirely problem-free. It sees genetic relationships as paramount: the "dialects" of a "language" (which itself may be a "dialect" of a yet older language) may or may not be mutually intelligible. Moreover, a parent language may spawn several "dialects" which themselves subdivide any number of times, with some "branches" of the tree changing more rapidly than others.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: Many

text: historical

text: linguists

text: view

text: any

text: speech

text: form

text: as

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: older

text: medium

text: of

text: communication

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: developed.[citation

text: needed

text: This

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: sees

text: the

text: modern

text: Romance

text: languages

text: as

text: dialects

text: of

text: Latin

text: modern

text: Greek

text: as

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: Tok

text: Pisin

text: as

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: English

text: and

text: North

text: Germanic

text: as

text: dialects

text: of

text: Old

text: Norse

text: This

text: paradigm

text: is

text: not

text: entirely

text: problem

text: free

text: It

text: sees

text: genetic

text: relationships

text: as

text: paramount

text: the

text: dialects

text: of

text: a

text: language

text: which

text: itself

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: a

text: yet

text: older

text: language

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: Moreover

text: a

text: parent

text: language

text: may

text: spawn

text: several

text: dialects

text: which

text: themselves

text: subdivide

text: any

text: number

text: of

text: times

text: with

text: some

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: tree

text: changing

text: more

text: rapidly

text: than

text: others

question: From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?

answer: Ancient Greek

text: Ancient Greek

question: From what language is North Germanic derived?

answer: Old Norse

text: Old Norse

question: Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language?

answer: English

text: English

question: What do few historical linguists view any speech form as?

question: According to this few, what language is Latin a dialect of?

text: Romance languages

question: According to this few, what language is Ancient Greek a dialect of?

text: Greek

question: According to this few, what language is Old Norse a dialect of?

text: North Germanic

question: According to this few, what language is English a dialect of?

text: Tok Pisin


text: Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970s. This was reinforced by an appreciation, following the trend in sociological thought, of the manner in which the individual is affected by and contributes to the overall social context. At the same time, the Eriksonian approach to identity remained in force, with the result that identity has continued until recently to be used in a largely socio-historical way to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others and to a particular group of people.

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: Anthropologists

text: have

text: most

text: frequently

text: employed

text: the

text: term

text: identity

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: this

text: idea

text: of

text: selfhood

text: in

text: a

text: loosely

text: Eriksonian

text: way

text: Erikson

text: properties

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: uniqueness

text: and

text: individuality

text: which

text: makes

text: a

text: person

text: distinct

text: from

text: others

text: Identity

text: became

text: of

text: more

text: interest

text: to

text: anthropologists

text: with

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: modern

text: concerns

text: with

text: ethnicity

text: and

text: social

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: This

text: was

text: reinforced

text: by

text: an

text: appreciation

text: following

text: the

text: trend

text: in

text: sociological

text: thought

text: of

text: the

text: manner

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: individual

text: is

text: affected

text: by

text: and

text: contributes

text: to

text: the

text: overall

text: social

text: context

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: Eriksonian

text: approach

text: to

text: identity

text: remained

text: in

text: force

text: with

text: the

text: result

text: that

text: identity

text: has

text: continued

text: until

text: recently

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: largely

text: socio

text: historical

text: way

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: qualities

text: of

text: sameness

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: connection

text: to

text: others

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: particular

text: group

text: of

text: people

question: What term have Anthropologists employed to refer to the Eriksonian idea of selfhood?

answer: identity

text: identity

question: Modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970's led what group to be more interested in identity?

answer: anthropologists

text: anthropologists

question: Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others?

answer: the Eriksonian approach

text: the Eriksonian approach


text: Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to present. Between 2000 and 2010 the city's population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nation's 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777, more than a 60 percent drop from a peak population of over 1.8 million at the 1950 census. This resulted from suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and the decline of Detroit's auto industry. Following the shift of population and jobs to its suburbs or other states or nations, the city has focused on becoming the metropolitan region's employment and economic center. Downtown Detroit has held an increased role as an entertainment destination in the 21st century, with the restoration of several historic theatres, several new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, and a handful of other neighborhoods has increased. Many other neighborhoods remain distressed, with extensive abandonment of properties.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Due

text: to

text: industrial

text: restructuring

text: and

text: loss

text: of

text: jobs

text: in

text: the

text: auto

text: industry

text: Detroit

text: lost

text: considerable

text: population

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: to

text: present

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: fell

text: by

text: percent

text: changing

text: its

text: ranking

text: from

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: to

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: percent

text: drop

text: from

text: a

text: peak

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: This

text: resulted

text: from

text: suburbanization

text: industrial

text: restructuring

text: and

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: auto

text: industry

text: Following

text: the

text: shift

text: of

text: population

text: and

text: jobs

text: to

text: its

text: suburbs

text: or

text: other

text: states

text: or

text: nations

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: focused

text: on

text: becoming

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: 's

text: employment

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: Downtown

text: Detroit

text: has

text: held

text: an

text: increased

text: role

text: as

text: an

text: entertainment

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: several

text: historic

text: theatres

text: several

text: new

text: sports

text: stadiums

text: and

text: a

text: riverfront

text: revitalization

text: project

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Downtown

text: Detroit

text: Midtown

text: Detroit

text: and

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: other

text: neighborhoods

text: has

text: increased

text: Many

text: other

text: neighborhoods

text: remain

text: distressed

text: with

text: extensive

text: abandonment

text: of

text: properties

question: By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century?

answer: 25

question: The decline of what industry has hurt Detroit?

answer: auto

text: auto

question: What industry has Detroit tried to revitalize in recent years?

answer: entertainment

text: entertainment

question: What is one of the problems that currently effects property values in Detroit?

answer: abandonment of properties

text: abandonment of properties


text: The second Digimon series is direct continuation of the first one, and began airing on April 2, 2000. Three years later, with most of the original DigiDestined now in high school at age fourteen, the Digital World was supposedly secure and peaceful. However, a new evil has appeared in the form of the Digimon Emperor (Digimon Kaiser) who as opposed to previous enemies is a human just like the DigiDestined. The Digimon Emperor has been enslaving Digimon with Dark Rings and Control Spires and has somehow made regular Digivolution impossible. However, five set Digi-Eggs with engraved emblems had been appointed to three new DigiDestined along with T.K. and Kari, two of the DigiDestined from the previous series. This new evolutionary process, dubbed Armor Digivolution helps the new DigiDestined to defeat evil lurking in the Digital World. Eventually, the DigiDestined defeat the Digimon Emperor, more commonly known as Ken Ichijouji on Earth, only with the great sacrifice of Ken's own Digimon, Wormmon. Just when things were thought to be settled, new Digimon enemies made from the deactivated Control Spires start to appear and cause trouble in the Digital World. To atone for his past mistakes, Ken joins the DigiDestined, being a DigiDestined himself, with his Partner Wormmon revived to fight against them. They soon save countries including France and Australia from control spires and defeat MaloMyotismon (BelialVamdemon), the digivolved form of Myotismon (Vamdemon) from the previous series. They stop the evil from destroying the two worlds, and at the end, every person on Earth gains their own Digimon partner.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: second

text: Digimon

text: series

text: is

text: direct

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: and

text: began

text: airing

text: on

text: April

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: DigiDestined

text: now

text: in

text: high

text: school

text: at

text: age

text: fourteen

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: was

text: supposedly

text: secure

text: and

text: peaceful

text: However

text: a

text: new

text: evil

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Digimon

text: Emperor

text: Digimon

text: Kaiser

text: who

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: previous

text: enemies

text: is

text: a

text: human

text: just

text: like

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: The

text: Digimon

text: Emperor

text: has

text: been

text: enslaving

text: Digimon

text: with

text: Dark

text: Rings

text: and

text: Control

text: Spires

text: and

text: has

text: somehow

text: made

text: regular

text: Digivolution

text: impossible

text: However

text: five

text: set

text: Digi

text: Eggs

text: with

text: engraved

text: emblems

text: had

text: been

text: appointed

text: to

text: three

text: new

text: DigiDestined

text: along

text: with

text: T.K.

text: and

text: Kari

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: series

text: This

text: new

text: evolutionary

text: process

text: dubbed

text: Armor

text: Digivolution

text: helps

text: the

text: new

text: DigiDestined

text: to

text: defeat

text: evil

text: lurking

text: in

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: Eventually

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: defeat

text: the

text: Digimon

text: Emperor

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Ken

text: Ichijouji

text: on

text: Earth

text: only

text: with

text: the

text: great

text: sacrifice

text: of

text: Ken

text: 's

text: own

text: Digimon

text: Wormmon

text: Just

text: when

text: things

text: were

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: settled

text: new

text: Digimon

text: enemies

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: deactivated

text: Control

text: Spires

text: start

text: to

text: appear

text: and

text: cause

text: trouble

text: in

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: To

text: atone

text: for

text: his

text: past

text: mistakes

text: Ken

text: joins

text: the

text: DigiDestined

text: being

text: a

text: DigiDestined

text: himself

text: with

text: his

text: Partner

text: Wormmon

text: revived

text: to

text: fight

text: against

text: them

text: They

text: soon

text: save

text: countries

text: including

text: France

text: and

text: Australia

text: from

text: control

text: spires

text: and

text: defeat

text: MaloMyotismon

text: BelialVamdemon

text: the

text: digivolved

text: form

text: of

text: Myotismon

text: Vamdemon

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: series

text: They

text: stop

text: the

text: evil

text: from

text: destroying

text: the

text: two

text: worlds

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: every

text: person

text: on

text: Earth

text: gains

text: their

text: own

text: Digimon

text: partner

question: When did the second series of Digimon air?

answer: April 2, 2000

text: April 2, 2000

question: What age are the original DigiDestined now that they are in High School?

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

question: Who is the new evil force that has been enslaving people?

answer: Digimon Kaiser

text: Digimon Kaiser

question: What did Ken do in order to atone for his mistakes?

answer: joins the DigiDestined

text: joins the DigiDestined

question: What aired in April 2010?

text: The second Digimon series

question: Who is the Digimon Empress?

text: a new evil

question: What has the Emperor been doing with dark spires and control rings?

text: enslaving Digimon

question: What do all the people on earth lose in the end?

text: Digimon partner

question: What countries are lost to the controls spires?

text: France and Australia


text: A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: A

text: tipping

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: prime

text: ministership

text: came

text: with

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Anne

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: George

text: I

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: George

text: spoke

text: no

text: English

text: spent

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: at

text: his

text: home

text: in

text: Hanover

text: and

text: had

text: neither

text: knowledge

text: of

text: nor

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: English

text: government

text: In

text: these

text: circumstances

text: it

text: was

text: inevitable

text: that

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: first

text: minister

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: government

question: The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister?

answer: George I

text: George I

question: In what year did Queen Anne die?

answer: 1714

question: Where was George I's home?

answer: Hanover

text: Hanover

question: When did George I die?

question: What language did George speak?

text: English,

question: Who did George appoint head of the government?

text: the king's first minister


text: As the playing of gramophone records causes gradual degradation of the recording, they are best preserved by transferring them onto other media and playing the records as rarely as possible. They need to be stored on edge, and do best under environmental conditions that most humans would find comfortable. The medium needs to be kept clean, but alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media, not on 78s.[citation needed] The equipment for playback of certain formats (e.g., 16 and 78 rpm) is manufactured only in small quantities, leading to increased difficulty in finding equipment to play the recordings.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: As

text: the

text: playing

text: of

text: gramophone

text: records

text: causes

text: gradual

text: degradation

text: of

text: the

text: recording

text: they

text: are

text: best

text: preserved

text: by

text: transferring

text: them

text: onto

text: other

text: media

text: and

text: playing

text: the

text: records

text: as

text: rarely

text: as

text: possible

text: They

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: stored

text: on

text: edge

text: and

text: do

text: best

text: under

text: environmental

text: conditions

text: that

text: most

text: humans

text: would

text: find

text: comfortable

text: The

text: medium

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: kept

text: clean

text: but

text: alcohol

text: should

text: only

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: PVC

text: or

text: optical

text: media

text: not

text: on

text: needed

text: The

text: equipment

text: for

text: playback

text: of

text: certain

text: formats

text: e.g.

text: and

text: rpm

text: is

text: manufactured

text: only

text: in

text: small

text: quantities

text: leading

text: to

text: increased

text: difficulty

text: in

text: finding

text: equipment

text: to

text: play

text: the

text: recordings

question: Should alcohol be used to clean gramophone recordings?

answer: alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media

text: alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media

question: Is gramophone equipment readily available?

answer: manufactured only in small quantities

text: manufactured only in small quantities

question: What is the recommendation of gramophone recordings to preserve integrity?

answer: transferring them onto other media

text: transferring them onto other media

question: What is a drawback of gramophone use?

answer: gradual degradation

text: gradual degradation

question: How are gramophones best stored?

answer: on edge

text: on edge


text: The relationship between genes can be measured by comparing the sequence alignment of their DNA.:7.6 The degree of sequence similarity between homologous genes is called conserved sequence. Most changes to a gene's sequence do not affect its function and so genes accumulate mutations over time by neutral molecular evolution. Additionally, any selection on a gene will cause its sequence to diverge at a different rate. Genes under stabilizing selection are constrained and so change more slowly whereas genes under directional selection change sequence more rapidly. The sequence differences between genes can be used for phylogenetic analyses to study how those genes have evolved and how the organisms they come from are related.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: genes

text: can

text: be

text: measured

text: by

text: comparing

text: the

text: sequence

text: alignment

text: of

text: their

text: The

text: degree

text: of

text: sequence

text: similarity

text: between

text: homologous

text: genes

text: is

text: called

text: conserved

text: sequence

text: Most

text: changes

text: to

text: a

text: gene

text: 's

text: sequence

text: do

text: not

text: affect

text: its

text: function

text: and

text: so

text: genes

text: accumulate

text: mutations

text: over

text: time

text: by

text: neutral

text: molecular

text: evolution

text: Additionally

text: any

text: selection

text: on

text: a

text: gene

text: will

text: cause

text: its

text: sequence

text: to

text: diverge

text: at

text: a

text: different

text: rate

text: Genes

text: under

text: stabilizing

text: selection

text: are

text: constrained

text: and

text: so

text: change

text: more

text: slowly

text: whereas

text: genes

text: under

text: directional

text: selection

text: change

text: sequence

text: more

text: rapidly

text: The

text: sequence

text: differences

text: between

text: genes

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: phylogenetic

text: analyses

text: to

text: study

text: how

text: those

text: genes

text: have

text: evolved

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: organisms

text: they

text: come

text: from

text: are

text: related

question: What does comparing the sequence alignment of genes' DNA measure?

answer: The relationship between genes

text: The relationship between genes

question: What is the degree of sequence similarity between homologous genes called?

answer: conserved sequence

text: conserved sequence

question: How do genes typically accumulate mutations over time?

answer: by neutral molecular evolution

text: by neutral molecular evolution

question: Under what type of selection are genes constrained so they change more slowly?

answer: stabilizing

text: stabilizing

question: What type of analyses can the sequence differences between genes be used for?

answer: phylogenetic

text: phylogenetic