text: During the Middle Ages, Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars, such as Yechiel of Paris who took part in the Disputation of Paris between Christian and Jewish intellectuals. The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution, alternating expulsions and returns, until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution. Although 75% of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II, half the city's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps, while some others fled abroad. A large migration of North Africa Sephardic Jews settled Paris in the 1960s, and represent most of the Paris Jewish community today. There are currently 83 synagogues in the city; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue, built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard, is a Paris landmark.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: During

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Paris

text: was

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: Jewish

text: learning

text: with

text: famous

text: Talmudic

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Yechiel

text: of

text: Paris

text: who

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Disputation

text: of

text: Paris

text: between

text: Christian

text: and

text: Jewish

text: intellectuals

text: The

text: Parisian

text: Jewish

text: community

text: was

text: victim

text: of

text: persecution

text: alternating

text: expulsions

text: and

text: returns

text: until

text: France

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: to

text: emancipate

text: its

text: Jewish

text: population

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Although

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: population

text: in

text: France

text: survived

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: half

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Jewish

text: population

text: perished

text: in

text: Nazi

text: concentration

text: camps

text: while

text: some

text: others

text: fled

text: abroad

text: A

text: large

text: migration

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: Sephardic

text: Jews

text: settled

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: represent

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Paris

text: Jewish

text: community

text: today

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: synagogues

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Marais

text: quarter

text: Agoudas

text: Hakehilos

text: Synagogue

text: built

text: in

text: by

text: architect

text: Hector

text: Guimard

text: is

text: a

text: Paris

text: landmark

question: What percentage of France's Jewish population survived the holocaust?

answer: 75

question: When did a large number of Sephardic Jews settle in Paris?

answer: 1960s

question: Who built the Marais-quarter Agodudas Hakehilos Synagogue?

answer: Hector Guimard

text: Hector Guimard

question: When was the Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue built?

answer: 1913


text: The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: Latin

text: Res

text: publica

text: Romana

text: Classical

text: Latin

text: ˈreːs

text: ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka

text: roːˈmaː.na

text: was

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: overthrow

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Kingdom

text: traditionally

text: dated

text: to

text: BC

text: and

text: ending

text: in

text: BC

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: It

text: was

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: that

text: Rome

text: 's

text: control

text: expanded

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: immediate

text: surroundings

text: to

text: hegemony

text: over

text: the

text: entire

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: During

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: centuries

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: expanded

text: through

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: conquest

text: and

text: alliance

text: from

text: central

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: entire

text: Italian

text: peninsula

text: By

text: the

text: following

text: century

text: it

text: included

text: North

text: Africa

text: Spain

text: and

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: southern

text: France

text: Two

text: centuries

text: after

text: that

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: it

text: included

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: modern

text: France

text: Greece

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: By

text: this

text: time

text: internal

text: tensions

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: culminating

text: with

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: republic

text: to

text: empire

text: The

text: exact

text: date

text: of

text: transition

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: interpretation

text: Historians

text: have

text: variously

text: proposed

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: crossing

text: of

text: the

text: Rubicon

text: River

text: in

text: BC

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: appointment

text: as

text: dictator

text: for

text: life

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: However

text: most

text: use

text: the

text: same

text: date

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: ancient

text: Romans

text: themselves

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: 's

text: grant

text: of

text: extraordinary

text: powers

text: to

text: Octavian

text: and

text: his

text: adopting

text: the

text: title

text: Augustus

text: in

text: BC

text: as

text: the

text: defining

text: event

text: ending

text: the

text: Republic

question: When did the Roman Republic begin?

answer: 509 BC

text: 509 BC

question: When did the Roman Republic end?

answer: 27 BC

text: 27 BC

question: What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic?

answer: the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom

text: the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom

question: When was Cleopatra defeated at the Battle of Actium?

answer: 31 BC

text: 31 BC

question: What do most consider to be the event that ended the Roman Republic?

answer: Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian

text: Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian


text: Eisenhower was a golf enthusiast later in life, and joined the Augusta National Golf Club in 1948. He played golf frequently during and after his presidency and was unreserved in expressing his passion for the game, to the point of golfing during winter; he ordered his golf balls painted black so he could see them better against snow on the ground. He had a small, basic golf facility installed at Camp David, and became close friends with the Augusta National Chairman Clifford Roberts, inviting Roberts to stay at the White House on several occasions. Roberts, an investment broker, also handled the Eisenhower family's investments. Roberts also advised Eisenhower on tax aspects of publishing his memoirs, which proved financially lucrative.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Eisenhower

text: was

text: a

text: golf

text: enthusiast

text: later

text: in

text: life

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Augusta

text: National

text: Golf

text: Club

text: in

text: He

text: played

text: golf

text: frequently

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: his

text: presidency

text: and

text: was

text: unreserved

text: in

text: expressing

text: his

text: passion

text: for

text: the

text: game

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: golfing

text: during

text: winter

text: he

text: ordered

text: his

text: golf

text: balls

text: painted

text: black

text: so

text: he

text: could

text: see

text: them

text: better

text: against

text: snow

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: He

text: had

text: a

text: small

text: basic

text: golf

text: facility

text: installed

text: at

text: Camp

text: David

text: and

text: became

text: close

text: friends

text: with

text: the

text: Augusta

text: National

text: Chairman

text: Clifford

text: Roberts

text: inviting

text: Roberts

text: to

text: stay

text: at

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: on

text: several

text: occasions

text: Roberts

text: an

text: investment

text: broker

text: also

text: handled

text: the

text: Eisenhower

text: family

text: 's

text: investments

text: Roberts

text: also

text: advised

text: Eisenhower

text: on

text: tax

text: aspects

text: of

text: publishing

text: his

text: memoirs

text: which

text: proved

text: financially

text: lucrative

question: What sport did Eisenhower notably enjoy?

answer: golf

text: golf

question: What color were Eisenhower's winter golf balls?

answer: black

text: black

question: Who was the Chairman of Augusta National and friend to Eisenhower?

answer: Clifford Roberts

text: Clifford Roberts

question: What was Clifford Roberts by profession?

answer: investment broker

text: investment broker

question: When did Eisenhower join Augusta National?

answer: 1948


text: According to Capitol Record's A&R, Joe Weinberger, he was approached by West and almost signed a deal with him, but another person in the company convinced Capitol's president not to. Desperate to keep West from defecting to another label, then-label head Damon Dash reluctantly signed West to Roc-A-Fella Records. Jay-Z later admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost, and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: According

text: to

text: Capitol

text: Record

text: 's

text: A&R

text: Joe

text: Weinberger

text: he

text: was

text: approached

text: by

text: West

text: and

text: almost

text: signed

text: a

text: deal

text: with

text: him

text: but

text: another

text: person

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: convinced

text: Capitol

text: 's

text: president

text: not

text: to

text: Desperate

text: to

text: keep

text: West

text: from

text: defecting

text: to

text: another

text: label

text: then

text: label

text: head

text: Damon

text: Dash

text: reluctantly

text: signed

text: West

text: to

text: Roc

text: A

text: Fella

text: Records

text: Jay

text: Z

text: later

text: admitted

text: that

text: Roc

text: A

text: Fella

text: was

text: initially

text: reluctant

text: to

text: support

text: West

text: as

text: a

text: rapper

text: claiming

text: that

text: many

text: saw

text: him

text: as

text: a

text: producer

text: first

text: and

text: foremost

text: and

text: that

text: his

text: background

text: contrasted

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: his

text: labelmates

question: Who almost picked up Kanye but was ultimately swayed?

answer: Joe Weinberger

text: Joe Weinberger

question: What label finally (although reluctantly) picked up Kanye?

answer: Roc-A-Fella

text: Roc-A-Fella

question: What did Kanye's peers see him as while he tried to pursue his rap career?

answer: a producer

text: a producer

question: What man was almost ready to give Kanye a record deal?

answer: Joe Weinberger

text: Joe Weinberger

question: What record company eventually signed Kanye West?

answer: Roc-A-Fella

text: Roc-A-Fella


text: The Theravada school spread south from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka and Thailand and Burma and later also Indonesia. The Dharmagupta school spread (also in 3rd century BCE) north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria (Afghanistan).

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: Theravada

text: school

text: spread

text: south

text: from

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: to

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Burma

text: and

text: later

text: also

text: Indonesia

text: The

text: Dharmagupta

text: school

text: spread

text: also

text: in

text: century

text: BCE

text: north

text: to

text: Kashmir

text: Gandhara

text: and

text: Bactria

text: Afghanistan

question: The Theravada school spread south from india in what century BCE?

answer: 3rd century

text: 3rd century

question: The Dharmagupta schol spread in what century to Kashmir?

answer: 3rd century

text: 3rd century


text: A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: A

text: narthex

text: a

text: portico

text: or

text: entrance

text: hall

text: for

text: the

text: west

text: front

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Sir

text: Edwin

text: Lutyens

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: built

text: Images

text: of

text: the

text: abbey

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: towers

text: are

text: scarce

text: though

text: the

text: abbey

text: 's

text: official

text: website

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: building

text: was

text: without

text: towers

text: following

text: Yevele

text: 's

text: renovation

text: with

text: just

text: the

text: lower

text: segments

text: beneath

text: the

text: roof

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: Nave

text: completed

question: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?

answer: A narthex

text: A narthex

question: When was the narthex designed?

answer: mid-20th century

text: mid-20th century

question: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?

answer: Yevele

text: Yevele

question: What was redesigned for the west front of the abbey but not built?

text: A narthex

question: What was designed for the east front of the abbey but not built?

text: A narthex

question: When was the narthex redesigned?

text: mid-20th century

question: The abbey was with towers following the renovation by whom?

text: Yevele

question: The abbey was without towers following the destruction by whom?

text: Yevele


text: At the Salon d'Automne of the same year, in addition to the Indépendants group of Salle 41, were exhibited works by André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka. The exhibition was reviewed in the October 8, 1911 issue of The New York Times. This article was published a year after Gelett Burgess' The Wild Men of Paris, and two years prior to the Armory Show, which introduced astonished Americans, accustomed to realistic art, to the experimental styles of the European avant garde, including Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism. The 1911 New York Times article portrayed works by Picasso, Matisse, Derain, Metzinger and others dated before 1909; not exhibited at the 1911 Salon. The article was titled The "Cubists" Dominate Paris' Fall Salon and subtitled Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: At

text: the

text: Salon

text: d'Automne

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Indépendants

text: group

text: of

text: Salle

text: were

text: exhibited

text: works

text: by

text: André

text: Lhote

text: Marcel

text: Duchamp

text: Jacques

text: Villon

text: Roger

text: de

text: La

text: Fresnaye

text: André

text: Dunoyer

text: de

text: Segonzac

text: and

text: František

text: Kupka

text: The

text: exhibition

text: was

text: reviewed

text: in

text: the

text: October

text: issue

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: This

text: article

text: was

text: published

text: a

text: year

text: after

text: Gelett

text: Burgess

text: The

text: Wild

text: Men

text: of

text: Paris

text: and

text: two

text: years

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Armory

text: Show

text: which

text: introduced

text: astonished

text: Americans

text: accustomed

text: to

text: realistic

text: art

text: to

text: the

text: experimental

text: styles

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: avant

text: garde

text: including

text: Fauvism

text: Cubism

text: and

text: Futurism

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: article

text: portrayed

text: works

text: by

text: Picasso

text: Matisse

text: Derain

text: Metzinger

text: and

text: others

text: dated

text: before

text: not

text: exhibited

text: at

text: the

text: Salon

text: The

text: article

text: was

text: titled

text: The

text: Cubists

text: Dominate

text: Paris

text: Fall

text: Salon

text: and

text: subtitled

text: Eccentric

text: School

text: of

text: Painting

text: Increases

text: Its

text: Vogue

text: in

text: the

text: Current

text: Art

text: Exhibition

text: What

text: Its

text: Followers

text: Attempt

text: to

text: Do

question: In what year did the New York Times review the Salon d'Automne?

answer: October 8, 1911

text: October 8, 1911

question: What was the subtitle of the article published in 1911 in New York TImes about Cubism?

answer: Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do

text: Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do

question: List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne?

answer: André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka

text: André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka

question: In what year did the New York Times not review the Salon d'Automne?

question: What happened October 9 1911?

text: The exhibition was reviewed

question: What was the subtitle of the article not published in 1911 in New York TImes about Cubism?

question: List the artists who weren't featured in the Salon d'Automne?


text: In 1762, George III acquired Buckingham House and it was enlarged over the next 75 years. During the 18th century, London was dogged by crime, and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force. In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death, including petty theft. Most children born in the city died before reaching their third birthday. The coffeehouse became a popular place to debate ideas, with growing literacy and the development of the printing press making news widely available; and Fleet Street became the centre of the British press.

title: London

title: London

text: In

text: George

text: III

text: acquired

text: Buckingham

text: House

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: enlarged

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: was

text: dogged

text: by

text: crime

text: and

text: the

text: Bow

text: Street

text: Runners

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: professional

text: police

text: force

text: In

text: total

text: more

text: than

text: offences

text: were

text: punishable

text: by

text: death

text: including

text: petty

text: theft

text: Most

text: children

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: died

text: before

text: reaching

text: their

text: third

text: birthday

text: The

text: coffeehouse

text: became

text: a

text: popular

text: place

text: to

text: debate

text: ideas

text: with

text: growing

text: literacy

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: making

text: news

text: widely

text: available

text: and

text: Fleet

text: Street

text: became

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: press

question: What was King George II's royal residence beginning in 1762?

answer: Buckingham House

text: Buckingham House

question: What was the name of the police force established in London in 1750?

answer: the Bow Street Runners

text: the Bow Street Runners

question: On average, when did children born in the City of London die?

answer: before reaching their third birthday

text: before reaching their third birthday

question: How many crimes in 18th century London could result in the death penalty?

answer: more than 200

text: more than 200

question: What was the London hub of the British press?

answer: Fleet Street

text: Fleet Street


text: The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: The

text: urban

text: AC

text: stations

text: resemble

text: soft

text: AC

text: rather

text: than

text: hot

text: AC

text: they

text: play

text: predominantly

text: R&B

text: and

text: soul

text: music

text: with

text: little

text: hip

text: hop

text: This

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: AC

text: radio

text: stations

text: taglines

text: such

text: as

text: Today

text: 's

text: R&B

text: and

text: classic

text: soul

text: The

text: best

text: variety

text: of

text: R&B

text: hits

text: and

text: oldies

text: and

text: City

text: Region

text: 's

text: R&B

text: leader

text: Urban

text: AC

text: 's

text: core

text: artists

text: include

text: Luther

text: Vandross

text: Trey

text: Songz

text: Patti

text: LaBelle

text: Toni

text: Braxton

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: Aretha

text: Franklin

text: Frank

text: Ocean

text: Craig

text: David

text: and

text: Mariah

text: Carey

question: What other adult contemporary radio format is urban AC similar to?

answer: soft AC

text: soft AC

question: What genre of music is not played frequently on urban AC?

answer: hip-hop

text: hip-hop

question: What two genres of music are popular on urban AC?

answer: R&B and soul music

text: R&B and soul music

question: Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?

answer: Luther Vandross

text: Luther Vandross

question: What adult contemporary radio format is urban AC not similar to?

answer: hot AC

text: hot AC


text: In Arabic-speaking cultures, two words are commonly used for Christians: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā (نصارى) is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac (Aramaic); Masīḥī (مسيحي) means followers of the Messiah. The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The nun or ن— the first letter of Nasara—was spray-painted on the property of Christians ejected from the city.

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: In

text: Arabic

text: speaking

text: cultures

text: two

text: words

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: for

text: Christians

text: Naṣrānī

text: نصراني

text: plural

text: Naṣārā

text: نصارى

text: is

text: generally

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: Nazareth

text: through

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Aramaic

text: Masīḥī

text: مسيحي

text: means

text: followers

text: of

text: the

text: Messiah

text: The

text: term

text: Nasara

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: July

text: after

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: Mosul

text: to

text: the

text: terrorist

text: organization

text: Islamic

text: State

text: of

text: Iraq

text: and

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: nun

text: or

text: ن—

text: the

text: first

text: letter

text: of

text: Nasara

text: was

text: spray

text: painted

text: on

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: Christians

text: ejected

text: from

text: the

text: city

question: What does Masīḥī mean?

answer: followers of the Messiah

text: followers of the Messiah

question: When did the term Nasara become used more in modern times?

answer: July 2014

text: July 2014

question: What happened in July 2014?

answer: the Fall of Mosul

text: the Fall of Mosul

question: What was spray pained on the properties of Christians who left the area?

answer: the first letter of Nasara

text: the first letter of Nasara

question: Which term means followers of the Islamic State of Iraq?

text: Masīḥī

question: In which month of 105 did the term Nasara rise to prominence?

text: July

question: Which term rose to prominence after the nun was spraypainted on Christian property?

text: Nasara

question: Which words are commonly used for Christians in the Sryiac?

text: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā

question: When did the term Nasara fall in prominence?

text: July 2014


text: The term Cubism did not come into general usage until 1911, mainly with reference to Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay, and Léger. In 1911, the poet and critic Guillaume Apollinaire accepted the term on behalf of a group of artists invited to exhibit at the Brussels Indépendants. The following year, in preparation for the Salon de la Section d'Or, Metzinger and Gleizes wrote and published Du "Cubisme" in an effort to dispel the confusion raging around the word, and as a major defence of Cubism (which had caused a public scandal following the 1911 Salon des Indépendants and the 1912 Salon d'Automne in Paris). Clarifying their aims as artists, this work was the first theoretical treatise on Cubism and it still remains the clearest and most intelligible. The result, not solely a collaboration between its two authors, reflected discussions by the circle of artists who met in Puteaux and Courbevoie. It mirrored the attitudes of the "artists of Passy", which included Picabia and the Duchamp brothers, to whom sections of it were read prior to publication. The concept developed in Du "Cubisme" of observing a subject from different points in space and time simultaneously, i.e., the act of moving around an object to seize it from several successive angles fused into a single image (multiple viewpoints, mobile perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity), is a generally recognized device used by the Cubists.

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: term

text: Cubism

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: into

text: general

text: usage

text: until

text: mainly

text: with

text: reference

text: to

text: Metzinger

text: Gleizes

text: Delaunay

text: and

text: Léger

text: In

text: the

text: poet

text: and

text: critic

text: Guillaume

text: Apollinaire

text: accepted

text: the

text: term

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: artists

text: invited

text: to

text: exhibit

text: at

text: the

text: Brussels

text: Indépendants

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: the

text: Salon

text: de

text: la

text: Section

text: d'Or

text: Metzinger

text: and

text: Gleizes

text: wrote

text: and

text: published

text: Du

text: Cubisme

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: dispel

text: the

text: confusion

text: raging

text: around

text: the

text: word

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: defence

text: of

text: Cubism

text: which

text: had

text: caused

text: a

text: public

text: scandal

text: following

text: the

text: Salon

text: des

text: Indépendants

text: and

text: the

text: Salon

text: d'Automne

text: in

text: Paris

text: Clarifying

text: their

text: aims

text: as

text: artists

text: this

text: work

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: theoretical

text: treatise

text: on

text: Cubism

text: and

text: it

text: still

text: remains

text: the

text: clearest

text: and

text: most

text: intelligible

text: The

text: result

text: not

text: solely

text: a

text: collaboration

text: between

text: its

text: two

text: authors

text: reflected

text: discussions

text: by

text: the

text: circle

text: of

text: artists

text: who

text: met

text: in

text: Puteaux

text: and

text: Courbevoie

text: It

text: mirrored

text: the

text: attitudes

text: of

text: the

text: artists

text: of

text: Passy

text: which

text: included

text: Picabia

text: and

text: the

text: Duchamp

text: brothers

text: to

text: whom

text: sections

text: of

text: it

text: were

text: read

text: prior

text: to

text: publication

text: The

text: concept

text: developed

text: in

text: Du

text: Cubisme

text: of

text: observing

text: a

text: subject

text: from

text: different

text: points

text: in

text: space

text: and

text: time

text: simultaneously

text: i.e.

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: moving

text: around

text: an

text: object

text: to

text: seize

text: it

text: from

text: several

text: successive

text: angles

text: fused

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: image

text: multiple

text: viewpoints

text: mobile

text: perspective

text: simultaneity

text: or

text: multiplicity

text: is

text: a

text: generally

text: recognized

text: device

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Cubists

question: What year did the term Cubism become used more?

answer: 1911

question: Which poet critic in 1911 with a group of poets accepted the term Cubism?

answer: Guillaume Apollinaire

text: Guillaume Apollinaire

question: The artists of Passy included which two people?

answer: Picabia and the Duchamp brothers

text: Picabia and the Duchamp brothers

question: What year did the term Cubism become used less?

question: What happened in 1910?

question: Which poet critic in 1911 with a group of poets rejected the term Cubism?

text: Guillaume Apollinaire

question: The artists of Passy included which three people?

text: Picabia and the Duchamp


text: In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name "National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism", which stated that it constituted the "comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense".

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: In

text: the

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: adopted

text: Resolution

text: concerning

text: incitement

text: to

text: commit

text: acts

text: of

text: terrorism

text: and

text: the

text: obligations

text: of

text: countries

text: to

text: comply

text: with

text: international

text: human

text: rights

text: laws

text: Although

text: both

text: resolutions

text: require

text: mandatory

text: annual

text: reports

text: on

text: counter

text: terrorism

text: activities

text: by

text: adopting

text: nations

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Israel

text: have

text: both

text: declined

text: to

text: submit

text: reports

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: the

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Joint

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: issued

text: a

text: planning

text: document

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: National

text: Military

text: Strategic

text: Plan

text: for

text: the

text: War

text: on

text: Terrorism

text: which

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: constituted

text: the

text: comprehensive

text: military

text: plan

text: to

text: prosecute

text: the

text: Global

text: War

text: on

text: Terror

text: for

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: including

text: the

text: findings

text: and

text: recommendations

text: of

text: the

text: Commission

text: and

text: a

text: rigorous

text: examination

text: with

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

question: What terrorism-related resolution did the UN Security Council adopt in 2005?

answer: Resolution 1624

text: Resolution 1624

question: Which countries haven't submitted the required reports to the UN Security Council?

answer: the United States and Israel

text: the United States and Israel

question: What plan did the DoD release in 2005?

answer: National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism

text: National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism

question: What did Resolution 1624 try to protect?

answer: international human rights laws

text: international human rights laws

question: What year did Israel adopt Resolution 1964?

question: What did the UN Security Council decline to offer reports for?

text: Resolution 1624

question: What document did the Israeli Department of Defense publish?

question: Which two countries submitted annual reports?

text: United States and Israel

question: What US agency released Resolution 1624?

text: Department of Defense


text: Intended torchbearer Lin Hatfield Dodds withdrew from the event, explaining that she wished to express concern about China's human rights record. Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said her decision was "a very good example of peacefully making a point".

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Intended

text: torchbearer

text: Lin

text: Hatfield

text: Dodds

text: withdrew

text: from

text: the

text: event

text: explaining

text: that

text: she

text: wished

text: to

text: express

text: concern

text: about

text: China

text: 's

text: human

text: rights

text: record

text: Foreign

text: Minister

text: Stephen

text: Smith

text: said

text: her

text: decision

text: was

text: a

text: very

text: good

text: example

text: of

text: peacefully

text: making

text: a

text: point

question: Who withdrew as a torchbearer because of her concerns about human rights?

answer: Lin Hatfield Dodds

text: Lin Hatfield Dodds

question: Who said Dodds' withdrawal was a good example of peacefully protesting?

answer: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith

text: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith

question: Who withdrew from the torch event?

answer: Lin Hatfield Dodds

text: Lin Hatfield Dodds

question: Who was the foreign minister that said her decision was a good example of peacefully making a point?

answer: Stephen Smith

text: Stephen Smith


text: The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 to 1973, the RCC introduced social welfare programs funded with oil money, which led to house-building projects and improved healthcare and education. In doing so, they greatly expanded the public sector, providing employment for thousands.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: The

text: RCC

text: implemented

text: measures

text: for

text: social

text: reform

text: adopting

text: sharia

text: as

text: a

text: basis

text: The

text: consumption

text: of

text: alcohol

text: was

text: banned

text: night

text: clubs

text: and

text: Christian

text: churches

text: were

text: shut

text: down

text: traditional

text: Libyan

text: dress

text: was

text: encouraged

text: while

text: Arabic

text: was

text: decreed

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: language

text: permitted

text: in

text: official

text: communications

text: and

text: on

text: road

text: signs

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: RCC

text: introduced

text: social

text: welfare

text: programs

text: funded

text: with

text: oil

text: money

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: house

text: building

text: projects

text: and

text: improved

text: healthcare

text: and

text: education

text: In

text: doing

text: so

text: they

text: greatly

text: expanded

text: the

text: public

text: sector

text: providing

text: employment

text: for

text: thousands

question: On what philosophy was the RCC's social reforms based?

answer: sharia

text: sharia

question: What language was used in official communications by the government of Libya?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: During what period were oil-funded programs for social welfare created?

answer: 1969 to 1973

text: 1969 to 1973

question: What religion was suppressed in Libya?

answer: Christian

text: Christian

question: What beverage did the Libyan government ban?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol


text: The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999. The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance. The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: Football

text: Association

text: Premier

text: League

text: Ltd

text: FAPL

text: is

text: operated

text: as

text: a

text: corporation

text: and

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: member

text: clubs

text: Each

text: club

text: is

text: a

text: shareholder

text: with

text: one

text: vote

text: each

text: on

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: rule

text: changes

text: and

text: contracts

text: The

text: clubs

text: elect

text: a

text: chairman

text: chief

text: executive

text: and

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: to

text: oversee

text: the

text: daily

text: operations

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: The

text: current

text: chairman

text: is

text: Sir

text: Dave

text: Richards

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: is

text: Richard

text: Scudamore

text: appointed

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: former

text: chairman

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: John

text: Quinton

text: and

text: Peter

text: Leaver

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: resign

text: in

text: March

text: after

text: awarding

text: consultancy

text: contracts

text: to

text: former

text: Sky

text: executives

text: Sam

text: Chisholm

text: and

text: David

text: Chance

text: The

text: Football

text: Association

text: is

text: not

text: directly

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: operations

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: but

text: has

text: veto

text: power

text: as

text: a

text: special

text: shareholder

text: during

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: the

text: chairman

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: and

text: when

text: new

text: rules

text: are

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: league

question: How many votes does each Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) club have on issues?

answer: Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.

text: Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.

question: Who is the chairman of the FAPL and when was he appointed?

answer: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 199

text: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 199

question: Why did John Quinton and Peter Leaver resign as chairman and chief excutive?

answer: John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.

text: John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.

question: Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?

answer: has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

text: has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

question: Who owns the Football Association Premier League?

answer: member clubs

text: member clubs

question: How many votes do the member clubs of the Premier League have each?

answer: one

text: one

question: What do the people each club elect oversee?

answer: the daily operations of the league

text: the daily operations of the league

question: Who is the current chairman of the Premier League?

answer: Sir Dave Richards

text: Sir Dave Richards

question: Who is the current CEO of the Premier League?

answer: Richard Scudamore

text: Richard Scudamore

question: By how many member clubs are the shareholders owned?

question: The FAPL is owned by how many chief executives?

question: Who is owned by over 20 member clubs?

text: Football Association Premier League

question: Having two votes, what is each club considered?

text: a shareholder

question: For what reason does FAPL select a chairman, chief executive and vice president?


text: The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for this region, apparently after the Bronx River, first appeared in the Annexed District of the Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County and was continued in the Borough of the Bronx, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1898. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. Another explanation for the use of the definite article in the borough's name is that the original form of the name was a possessive or collective one referring to the family, as in visiting The Broncks, The Bronck's or The Broncks'.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: both

text: legally

text: and

text: colloquially

text: with

text: a

text: definite

text: article

text: as

text: the

text: Bronx

text: The

text: County

text: of

text: Bronx

text: unlike

text: the

text: coextensive

text: Borough

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: does

text: not

text: place

text: the

text: immediately

text: before

text: Bronx

text: in

text: formal

text: references

text: nor

text: does

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Postal

text: Service

text: in

text: its

text: database

text: of

text: Bronx

text: addresses

text: The

text: name

text: for

text: this

text: region

text: apparently

text: after

text: the

text: Bronx

text: River

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: Annexed

text: District

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: created

text: in

text: out

text: of

text: part

text: of

text: Westchester

text: County

text: and

text: was

text: continued

text: in

text: the

text: Borough

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: which

text: included

text: a

text: larger

text: annexation

text: from

text: Westchester

text: County

text: in

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: definite

text: article

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: referring

text: to

text: rivers

text: Another

text: explanation

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: definite

text: article

text: in

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: original

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: a

text: possessive

text: or

text: collective

text: one

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: as

text: in

text: visiting

text: The

text: Broncks

text: The

text: Bronck

text: 's

text: or

text: The

text: Broncks

question: What is the Bronx's county name?

answer: The County of Bronx

text: The County of Bronx

question: What is the Bronx's borough name?

answer: Borough of the Bronx

text: Borough of the Bronx

question: When was the Bronx created?

answer: 1874

question: What county was the Bronx split off from?

answer: Westchester

text: Westchester

question: When was the Bronx added to?

answer: 1898


text: In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United States intervention which led to a political polarization. Most South American countries were in some periods ruled by military dictatorships that were supported by the United States of America. In the 1970s, the regimes of the Southern Cone collaborated in Operation Condor killing many leftist dissidents, including some urban guerrillas. However, by the early 1990s all countries had restored their democracies.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: In

text: Latin

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: leftists

text: acquired

text: a

text: significant

text: political

text: influence

text: which

text: prompted

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: ecclesiastical

text: authorities

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: country

text: 's

text: upper

text: class

text: to

text: support

text: coup

text: d'états

text: to

text: avoid

text: what

text: they

text: perceived

text: as

text: a

text: communist

text: threat

text: This

text: was

text: further

text: fueled

text: by

text: Cuban

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: intervention

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: political

text: polarization

text: Most

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: were

text: in

text: some

text: periods

text: ruled

text: by

text: military

text: dictatorships

text: that

text: were

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: regimes

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: collaborated

text: in

text: Operation

text: Condor

text: killing

text: many

text: leftist

text: dissidents

text: including

text: some

text: urban

text: guerrillas

text: However

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: all

text: countries

text: had

text: restored

text: their

text: democracies

question: What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats?

answer: in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence

text: in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence

question: Why did the Latin Americas Upper class support coup o'etats?

answer: to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat.

text: to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat.

question: The regimes in the southern cone collaborated in killing of who?

answer: leftist dissidents

text: leftist dissidents

question: What did all countries restore in the 1990's

answer: their democracies.

text: their democracies.

question: Where did the United States support dictatorships in the 1970"s?

answer: South American countries

text: South American countries


text: Space Control is defined as "operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. This mission area includes: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards (defensive space control); operations to deny an adversary's use of space capabilities (offensive space control); and the requisite current and predictive knowledge of the space environment and the operational environment upon which space operations depend (space situational awareness)" (JP 1-02).

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Space

text: Control

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: operations

text: to

text: ensure

text: freedom

text: of

text: action

text: in

text: space

text: for

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: and

text: when

text: directed

text: deny

text: an

text: adversary

text: freedom

text: of

text: action

text: in

text: space

text: This

text: mission

text: area

text: includes

text: operations

text: conducted

text: to

text: protect

text: friendly

text: space

text: capabilities

text: from

text: attack

text: interference

text: or

text: unintentional

text: hazards

text: defensive

text: space

text: control

text: operations

text: to

text: deny

text: an

text: adversary

text: 's

text: use

text: of

text: space

text: capabilities

text: offensive

text: space

text: control

text: and

text: the

text: requisite

text: current

text: and

text: predictive

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: space

text: environment

text: and

text: the

text: operational

text: environment

text: upon

text: which

text: space

text: operations

text: depend

text: space

text: situational

text: awareness

text: JP

question: What is the definition of Space Control according to the US and its allies?

answer: operations to ensure freedom of action in space

text: operations to ensure freedom of action in space

question: What is one of the areas of operation that space control serves to protect?

answer: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack

text: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from attack

question: What is the operational environment that Space Control depends on?

answer: space situational awareness

text: space situational awareness


text: Gaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and ensuring access to food and safe drinking water. Highlighting that under Gaddafi, all Libyans enjoyed free education to a university level, they point to the dramatic rise in literacy rates after the 1969 revolution. Supporters have also applauded achievements in medical care, praising the universal free healthcare provided under the Gaddafist administration, with diseases like cholera and typhoid being contained and life expectancy raised. Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that under the first decade of Gaddafi's leadership, life for most Libyans "undoubtedly changed for the better" as material conditions and wealth drastically improved, while Libyan studies specialist Lillian Craig Harris remarked that in the early years of his administration, Libya's "national wealth and international influence soared, and its national standard of living has risen dramatically." Such high standards declined during the 1980s, as a result of economic stagnation. Gaddafi claimed that his Jamahiriya was a "concrete utopia", and that he had been appointed by "popular assent", with some Islamic supporters believing that he exhibited barakah. His opposition to Western governments earned him the respect of many in the Euro-American far right.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: remained

text: a

text: controversial

text: and

text: divisive

text: figure

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: stage

text: throughout

text: his

text: life

text: and

text: after

text: death

text: Supporters

text: praised

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: administration

text: for

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: almost

text: classless

text: society

text: through

text: domestic

text: reform

text: They

text: stress

text: the

text: regime

text: 's

text: achievements

text: in

text: combating

text: homelessness

text: and

text: ensuring

text: access

text: to

text: food

text: and

text: safe

text: drinking

text: water

text: Highlighting

text: that

text: under

text: Gaddafi

text: all

text: Libyans

text: enjoyed

text: free

text: education

text: to

text: a

text: university

text: level

text: they

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: dramatic

text: rise

text: in

text: literacy

text: rates

text: after

text: the

text: revolution

text: Supporters

text: have

text: also

text: applauded

text: achievements

text: in

text: medical

text: care

text: praising

text: the

text: universal

text: free

text: healthcare

text: provided

text: under

text: the

text: Gaddafist

text: administration

text: with

text: diseases

text: like

text: cholera

text: and

text: typhoid

text: being

text: contained

text: and

text: life

text: expectancy

text: raised

text: Biographers

text: Blundy

text: and

text: Lycett

text: believed

text: that

text: under

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: leadership

text: life

text: for

text: most

text: Libyans

text: undoubtedly

text: changed

text: for

text: the

text: better

text: as

text: material

text: conditions

text: and

text: wealth

text: drastically

text: improved

text: while

text: Libyan

text: studies

text: specialist

text: Lillian

text: Craig

text: Harris

text: remarked

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: administration

text: Libya

text: 's

text: national

text: wealth

text: and

text: international

text: influence

text: soared

text: and

text: its

text: national

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: has

text: risen

text: dramatically

text: Such

text: high

text: standards

text: declined

text: during

text: the

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: economic

text: stagnation

text: Gaddafi

text: claimed

text: that

text: his

text: Jamahiriya

text: was

text: a

text: concrete

text: utopia

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: appointed

text: by

text: popular

text: assent

text: with

text: some

text: Islamic

text: supporters

text: believing

text: that

text: he

text: exhibited

text: barakah

text: His

text: opposition

text: to

text: Western

text: governments

text: earned

text: him

text: the

text: respect

text: of

text: many

text: in

text: the

text: Euro

text: American

text: far

text: right

question: What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies?

answer: cholera and typhoid

text: cholera and typhoid

question: What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi?

answer: free

text: free

question: Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya?

answer: economic stagnation

text: economic stagnation

question: Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi?

answer: Euro-American far right

text: Euro-American far right

question: What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris?

answer: Libyan studies specialist

text: Libyan studies specialist


text: Errors in computer programs are called "bugs". They may be benign and not affect the usefulness of the program, or have only subtle effects. But in some cases, they may cause the program or the entire system to "hang", becoming unresponsive to input such as mouse clicks or keystrokes, to completely fail, or to crash. Otherwise benign bugs may sometimes be harnessed for malicious intent by an unscrupulous user writing an exploit, code designed to take advantage of a bug and disrupt a computer's proper execution. Bugs are usually not the fault of the computer. Since computers merely execute the instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Errors

text: in

text: computer

text: programs

text: are

text: called

text: bugs

text: They

text: may

text: be

text: benign

text: and

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: usefulness

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: or

text: have

text: only

text: subtle

text: effects

text: But

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: they

text: may

text: cause

text: the

text: program

text: or

text: the

text: entire

text: system

text: to

text: hang

text: becoming

text: unresponsive

text: to

text: input

text: such

text: as

text: mouse

text: clicks

text: or

text: keystrokes

text: to

text: completely

text: fail

text: or

text: to

text: crash

text: Otherwise

text: benign

text: bugs

text: may

text: sometimes

text: be

text: harnessed

text: for

text: malicious

text: intent

text: by

text: an

text: unscrupulous

text: user

text: writing

text: an

text: exploit

text: code

text: designed

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: a

text: bug

text: and

text: disrupt

text: a

text: computer

text: 's

text: proper

text: execution

text: Bugs

text: are

text: usually

text: not

text: the

text: fault

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: Since

text: computers

text: merely

text: execute

text: the

text: instructions

text: they

text: are

text: given

text: bugs

text: are

text: nearly

text: always

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: programmer

text: error

text: or

text: an

text: oversight

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: program

text: 's

text: design

question: Another name for errors in programs are called what?

answer: "bugs

text: "bugs

question: Bugs are usually the fault of whom or what?

answer: programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design

text: programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design


text: Canadian football has mostly been confined to Canada, with the United States being the only other country to have hosted a high-level Canadian football game. The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules between 1992 and 1995. The move was aborted after three years; the Baltimore Stallions were the most successful of the numerous Americans teams to play in the CFL, winning the 83rd Grey Cup. Continuing financial losses, a lack of proper Canadian football venues, a pervasive belief that the American teams were simply pawns to provide the struggling Canadian teams with expansion fee revenue, and the return of the NFL to Baltimore prompted the end of Canadian football on the American side of the border.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: Canadian

text: football

text: has

text: mostly

text: been

text: confined

text: to

text: Canada

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: being

text: the

text: only

text: other

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: hosted

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: Canadian

text: football

text: game

text: The

text: CFL

text: 's

text: controversial

text: South

text: Division

text: as

text: it

text: would

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: officially

text: known

text: attempted

text: to

text: put

text: CFL

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: playing

text: under

text: Canadian

text: rules

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: move

text: was

text: aborted

text: after

text: three

text: years

text: the

text: Baltimore

text: Stallions

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: of

text: the

text: numerous

text: Americans

text: teams

text: to

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: CFL

text: winning

text: the

text: Grey

text: Cup

text: Continuing

text: financial

text: losses

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: proper

text: Canadian

text: football

text: venues

text: a

text: pervasive

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: American

text: teams

text: were

text: simply

text: pawns

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: struggling

text: Canadian

text: teams

text: with

text: expansion

text: fee

text: revenue

text: and

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: NFL

text: to

text: Baltimore

text: prompted

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Canadian

text: football

text: on

text: the

text: American

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: border

question: Which one country besides Canada has hosted a professional Canadian football game?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: In which year did the CFL first attempt an expansion into the United States?

answer: 1992

question: Which American CFL team won the Grey Cup?

answer: Baltimore Stallions

text: Baltimore Stallions

question: The return of an NFL team to which city contributed to the demise of the CFL's American expansion?

answer: Baltimore

text: Baltimore

question: How many years did the CFL South Division last?

answer: three

text: three

question: Canadian football has never been played in what country?

text: United States

question: The East division tried to put CFL teams in what other country?

text: the United States

question: I what was the name of the American team that played in Canada?

text: Baltimore Stallions

question: Which championship game to the Baltimore stallions lose?

text: the 83rd Grey Cup

question: The return of what organization to Boston prompted the end of Canadian football in America?

text: the NFL

question: Where has the CFL been kept?

text: confined to Canada

question: Who put NFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian Rules?

question: When was the Grey Cup aborted?

text: after three years

question: What did the South Division win while successfully playing in the CFL?

text: the 83rd Grey Cup

question: How was it believed that the CFL was used to help struggling Canadian teams?


text: Some paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly as early as 1 billion years ago. Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large (about 5 mm wide) and complex as earthworms. During the beginning of the Tonian period around 1 billion years ago, there was a decrease in Stromatolite diversity, which may indicate the appearance of grazing animals, since stromatolite diversity increased when grazing animals went extinct at the End Permian and End Ordovician extinction events, and decreased shortly after the grazer populations recovered. However the discovery that tracks very similar to these early trace fossils are produced today by the giant single-celled protist Gromia sphaerica casts doubt on their interpretation as evidence of early animal evolution.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Some

text: paleontologists

text: suggest

text: that

text: animals

text: appeared

text: much

text: earlier

text: than

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: explosion

text: possibly

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: billion

text: years

text: ago

text: Trace

text: fossils

text: such

text: as

text: tracks

text: and

text: burrows

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Tonian

text: period

text: indicate

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: triploblastic

text: worms

text: like

text: metazoans

text: roughly

text: as

text: large

text: about

text: mm

text: wide

text: and

text: complex

text: as

text: earthworms

text: During

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Tonian

text: period

text: around

text: billion

text: years

text: ago

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: Stromatolite

text: diversity

text: which

text: may

text: indicate

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: grazing

text: animals

text: since

text: stromatolite

text: diversity

text: increased

text: when

text: grazing

text: animals

text: went

text: extinct

text: at

text: the

text: End

text: Permian

text: and

text: End

text: Ordovician

text: extinction

text: events

text: and

text: decreased

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: grazer

text: populations

text: recovered

text: However

text: the

text: discovery

text: that

text: tracks

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: these

text: early

text: trace

text: fossils

text: are

text: produced

text: today

text: by

text: the

text: giant

text: single

text: celled

text: protist

text: Gromia

text: sphaerica

text: casts

text: doubt

text: on

text: their

text: interpretation

text: as

text: evidence

text: of

text: early

text: animal

text: evolution

question: How long ago do some paleontologists believe that animals first appeared?

answer: 1 billion years

text: 1 billion years

question: Fossils found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of what creatures?

answer: triploblastic worms

text: triploblastic worms

question: Triploblastic worms were comparable in size to what other creatures?

answer: earthworms

text: earthworms

question: When was the beginning of the Tonian period?

answer: around 1 billion years ago

text: around 1 billion years ago

question: What produces tracks similar to the fossilized tracks discovered by paleontologists?

answer: Gromia sphaerica

text: Gromia sphaerica


text: Archaeology confirms the widespread use of binding spells (defixiones), magical papyri and so-called "voodoo dolls" from a very early era. Around 250 defixiones have been recovered just from Roman Britain, in both urban and rural settings. Some seek straightforward, usually gruesome revenge, often for a lover's offense or rejection. Others appeal for divine redress of wrongs, in terms familiar to any Roman magistrate, and promise a portion of the value (usually small) of lost or stolen property in return for its restoration. None of these defixiones seem produced by, or on behalf of the elite, who had more immediate recourse to human law and justice. Similar traditions existed throughout the empire, persisting until around the 7th century AD, well into the Christian era.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Archaeology

text: confirms

text: the

text: widespread

text: use

text: of

text: binding

text: spells

text: defixiones

text: magical

text: papyri

text: and

text: so

text: called

text: voodoo

text: dolls

text: from

text: a

text: very

text: early

text: era

text: Around

text: defixiones

text: have

text: been

text: recovered

text: just

text: from

text: Roman

text: Britain

text: in

text: both

text: urban

text: and

text: rural

text: settings

text: Some

text: seek

text: straightforward

text: usually

text: gruesome

text: revenge

text: often

text: for

text: a

text: lover

text: 's

text: offense

text: or

text: rejection

text: Others

text: appeal

text: for

text: divine

text: redress

text: of

text: wrongs

text: in

text: terms

text: familiar

text: to

text: any

text: Roman

text: magistrate

text: and

text: promise

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: value

text: usually

text: small

text: of

text: lost

text: or

text: stolen

text: property

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: its

text: restoration

text: of

text: these

text: defixiones

text: seem

text: produced

text: by

text: or

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: elite

text: who

text: had

text: more

text: immediate

text: recourse

text: to

text: human

text: law

text: and

text: justice

text: Similar

text: traditions

text: existed

text: throughout

text: the

text: empire

text: persisting

text: until

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: Christian

text: era

question: What science has confirmed the existence of magic use from early times?

answer: Archaeology

text: Archaeology

question: What was the term for binding spells in the Roman world?

answer: defixiones

text: defixiones

question: What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong?

answer: law and justice

text: law and justice

question: Until what era did spells persist in the empire?

answer: 7th century AD

text: 7th century AD

question: What era produced a decline in the use of spells?

answer: Christian era

text: Christian era


text: In its first century and half, the EIC used a few hundred soldiers as guards. The great expansion came after 1750, when it had 3000 regular troops. By 1763, it had 26,000; by 1778, it had 67,000. It recruited largely Indian troops, and trained them along European lines. The company, fresh from a colossal victory, and with the backing of its own private well-disciplined and experienced army, was able to assert its interests in the Carnatic region from its base at Madras and in Bengal from Calcutta, without facing any further obstacles from other colonial powers.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: In

text: its

text: first

text: century

text: and

text: half

text: the

text: EIC

text: used

text: a

text: few

text: hundred

text: soldiers

text: as

text: guards

text: The

text: great

text: expansion

text: came

text: after

text: when

text: it

text: had

text: regular

text: troops

text: By

text: it

text: had

text: by

text: it

text: had

text: It

text: recruited

text: largely

text: Indian

text: troops

text: and

text: trained

text: them

text: along

text: European

text: lines

text: The

text: company

text: fresh

text: from

text: a

text: colossal

text: victory

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: backing

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: private

text: well

text: disciplined

text: and

text: experienced

text: army

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: assert

text: its

text: interests

text: in

text: the

text: Carnatic

text: region

text: from

text: its

text: base

text: at

text: Madras

text: and

text: in

text: Bengal

text: from

text: Calcutta

text: without

text: facing

text: any

text: further

text: obstacles

text: from

text: other

text: colonial

text: powers

question: what is the acronym for the East india company?

answer: EIC

text: EIC

question: In 1750 how many regular troops did the  EIC  have?

answer: 3000

question: in 1778 most of the troops that the EIC had were from where?

answer: Indian

text: Indian

question: what year did the EIC have 26,000 troops in their employ

answer: 1763

question: What is no longer the acronym for the East India company?

text: EIC

question: How many special troops did the EIC exile in 1750?

question: Who were most of the troops that the EIC hid in 1778?

text: Indian

question: What year did the EIC lose 26,000 troops in one day?


text: The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: An Innkeeper's Diary (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as H. G. Wells. United States president George W. Bush fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Dun Cow pub in Sedgefield, County Durham in Blair's home constituency. There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: The

text: highwayman

text: Dick

text: Turpin

text: used

text: the

text: Swan

text: Inn

text: at

text: Woughton

text: on

text: the

text: Green

text: in

text: Buckinghamshire

text: as

text: his

text: base

text: In

text: the

text: John

text: Fothergill

text: was

text: the

text: innkeeper

text: of

text: the

text: Spread

text: Eagle

text: in

text: Thame

text: Berkshire

text: and

text: published

text: his

text: autobiography

text: An

text: Innkeeper

text: 's

text: Diary

text: London

text: Chatto

text: Windus

text: During

text: his

text: idiosyncratic

text: occupancy

text: many

text: famous

text: people

text: came

text: to

text: stay

text: such

text: as

text: H.

text: G.

text: Wells

text: United

text: States

text: president

text: George

text: W.

text: Bush

text: fulfilled

text: his

text: lifetime

text: ambition

text: of

text: visiting

text: a

text: genuine

text: British

text: pub

text: during

text: his

text: November

text: state

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: when

text: he

text: had

text: lunch

text: and

text: a

text: pint

text: of

text: non

text: alcoholic

text: lager

text: Bush

text: being

text: a

text: teetotaler

text: with

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: at

text: the

text: Dun

text: Cow

text: pub

text: in

text: Sedgefield

text: County

text: Durham

text: in

text: Blair

text: 's

text: home

text: constituency

text: There

text: were

text: approximately

text: public

text: houses

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: This

text: number

text: has

text: been

text: declining

text: every

text: year

text: so

text: that

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: smaller

text: villages

text: no

text: longer

text: have

text: a

text: local

text: pub

question: Who was based out of the Swan Inn?

answer: Dick Turpin

text: Dick Turpin

question: In what county was the Swan Inn located?

answer: Buckinghamshire

text: Buckinghamshire

question: What was the name of the innkeeper at the Spread Eagle in the 1920s?

answer: John Fothergill

text: John Fothergill

question: In what year was An Innkeeper's Diary published?

answer: 1931

question: What publishing house published An Innkeeper's Diary?

answer: Chatto & Windus

text: Chatto & Windus


text: The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: The

text: city

text: proper

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: thirteenth

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: South

text: Florida

text: Miami

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: which

text: includes

text: Miami

text: Dade

text: Broward

text: and

text: Palm

text: Beach

text: counties

text: had

text: a

text: combined

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: ranked

text: seventh

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Southeastern

text: United

text: States

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: estimates

text: that

text: the

text: Miami

text: Urban

text: Agglomeration

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami?

answer: one-thirteenth

text: one-thirteenth

question: Where does Miami rank in population among US cities?

answer: 42nd

question: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

answer: Broward

text: Broward

question: How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

answer: 5.5 million

text: 5.5 million

question: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the US?

answer: seventh

text: seventh

question: What fraction of the northern Florida population lives in Miami?

text: one-thirteenth

question: Where does Miami rank in population among UN cities?

question: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county isn't part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

text: Broward

question: How many people live out the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?

text: 5.5 million

question: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the UN?

text: seventh


text: The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: The

text: thickness

text: of

text: paper

text: is

text: often

text: measured

text: by

text: caliper

text: which

text: is

text: typically

text: given

text: in

text: thousandths

text: of

text: an

text: inch

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: in

text: thousandths

text: of

text: a

text: mm

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Paper

text: may

text: be

text: between

text: and

text: millimetres

text: and

text: in

text: thick

question: What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper?

answer: caliper

text: caliper

question: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?

answer: thousandths of an inch

text: thousandths of an inch

question: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?

answer: mm

text: mm

question: Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness?

answer: 0.0028 and 0.0071 in

text: 0.0028 and 0.0071 in

question: What is the wetness of paper most often measured by?

text: caliper

question: What is often given in hundredths of an inch?

text: caliper

question: What is often given in hundredths of an mm?

text: caliper

question: In which part of the world maybe paper be between .07 and .18 mm thick?

text: United States

question: What is the weight of paper measured by?

text: caliper

question: What tool is often used in measuring the width of paper?

text: caliper

question: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper width?

text: thousandths of an inch

question: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the US is likely to use what unit?

text: millimetres

question: Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper width?

text: .0028 and 0.0071


text: "Hanover" is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syllable and a reduced second syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation [haˈnoːfɐ], with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: Hanover

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: English

text: spelling

text: The

text: German

text: spelling

text: with

text: a

text: double

text: n

text: is

text: becoming

text: more

text: popular

text: in

text: English

text: recent

text: editions

text: of

text: encyclopedias

text: prefer

text: the

text: German

text: spelling

text: and

text: the

text: local

text: government

text: uses

text: the

text: German

text: spelling

text: on

text: English

text: websites

text: The

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: /ˈhænəvər/

text: with

text: stress

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: syllable

text: and

text: a

text: reduced

text: second

text: syllable

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: German

text: and

text: English

text: spellings

text: which

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: German

text: pronunciation

text: haˈnoːfɐ

text: with

text: stress

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: syllable

text: and

text: a

text: long

text: second

text: vowel

text: The

text: traditional

text: English

text: spelling

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: in

text: historical

text: contexts

text: especially

text: when

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

question: What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not?

answer: a double n

text: a double n

question: Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites?

answer: German

text: German

question: Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress?

answer: first

text: first

question: Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress?

answer: second

text: second

question: Which spelling of Hanover is used in historical contexts?

answer: traditional English spelling

text: traditional English spelling


text: In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of foreign investment in Estonia originates in the Nordic countries (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 42% of its exports (as compared to 6.5% going to Russia, 8.8% to Latvia, and 4.7% to Lithuania). On the other hand, the Estonian political system, its flat rate of income tax, and its non-welfare-state model distinguish it from the Nordic countries and their Nordic model, and indeed from many other European countries.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: In

text: Estonia

text: joined

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: 's

text: Nordic

text: Battle

text: Group

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: shown

text: continued

text: interest

text: in

text: joining

text: the

text: Nordic

text: Council

text: Whereas

text: in

text: Russia

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: international

text: trade

text: today

text: there

text: is

text: extensive

text: economic

text: interdependence

text: between

text: Estonia

text: and

text: its

text: Nordic

text: neighbours

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: foreign

text: investment

text: in

text: Estonia

text: originates

text: in

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: principally

text: Finland

text: and

text: Sweden

text: to

text: which

text: Estonia

text: sends

text: of

text: its

text: exports

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: going

text: to

text: Russia

text: to

text: Latvia

text: and

text: to

text: Lithuania

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: Estonian

text: political

text: system

text: its

text: flat

text: rate

text: of

text: income

text: tax

text: and

text: its

text: non

text: welfare

text: state

text: model

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: and

text: their

text: Nordic

text: model

text: and

text: indeed

text: from

text: many

text: other

text: European

text: countries

question: When did Estonia join the European Union's Nordic Battle Group?

answer: 2005

question: What government institution did Estonia continue to show desire in joining?

answer: the Nordic Council

text: the Nordic Council

question: What percentage of Estonia's foreign trade was held by Russia in 1992?

answer: 92%

question: What percentage of Estonia exports are sent to Nordic countries?

answer: 42%


text: Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks and gardens, covering more than 3,000 hectares and containing more than 250,000 trees. Two of Paris' oldest and most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden, created in 1564 for the Tuileries Palace, and redone by André Le Nôtre between 1664 and 1672, and the Luxembourg Garden, for the Luxembourg Palace, built for Marie de' Medici in 1612, which today houses the French Senate. The Jardin des Plantes was the first botanical garden in Paris, created in 1626 by Louis XIII's doctor Guy de La Brosse for the cultivation of medicinal plants.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: today

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: municipal

text: parks

text: and

text: gardens

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: hectares

text: and

text: containing

text: more

text: than

text: trees

text: Two

text: of

text: Paris

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: famous

text: gardens

text: are

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Garden

text: created

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Palace

text: and

text: redone

text: by

text: André

text: Le

text: Nôtre

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: Luxembourg

text: Garden

text: for

text: the

text: Luxembourg

text: Palace

text: built

text: for

text: Marie

text: de

text: Medici

text: in

text: which

text: today

text: houses

text: the

text: French

text: Senate

text: The

text: Jardin

text: des

text: Plantes

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: botanical

text: garden

text: in

text: Paris

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: Louis

text: XIII

text: 's

text: doctor

text: Guy

text: de

text: La

text: Brosse

text: for

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: medicinal

text: plants

question: How many municipal parks and gardens does Paris have?

answer: 421

question: When was the Tuileries Garden created?

answer: 1564

question: Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664?

answer: André Le Nôtre

text: André Le Nôtre

question: Who was the Luxembourg palace built for?

answer: Marie de' Medici

text: Marie de' Medici

question: Who created the Jarden des Plantes?

answer: Guy de La Brosse

text: Guy de La Brosse


text: Health care delivery in Nigeria is a concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of government in the country, and the private sector. Nigeria has been reorganising its health system since the Bamako Initiative of 1987, which formally promoted community-based methods of increasing accessibility of drugs and health care services to the population, in part by implementing user fees. The new strategy dramatically increased accessibility through community-based healthcare reform, resulting in more efficient and equitable provision of services. A comprehensive approach strategy was extended to all areas of health care, with subsequent improvement in the health care indicators and improvement in health care efficiency and cost.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Health

text: care

text: delivery

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: a

text: concurrent

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: tiers

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: Nigeria

text: has

text: been

text: reorganising

text: its

text: health

text: system

text: since

text: the

text: Bamako

text: Initiative

text: of

text: which

text: formally

text: promoted

text: community

text: based

text: methods

text: of

text: increasing

text: accessibility

text: of

text: drugs

text: and

text: health

text: care

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: implementing

text: user

text: fees

text: The

text: new

text: strategy

text: dramatically

text: increased

text: accessibility

text: through

text: community

text: based

text: healthcare

text: reform

text: resulting

text: in

text: more

text: efficient

text: and

text: equitable

text: provision

text: of

text: services

text: A

text: comprehensive

text: approach

text: strategy

text: was

text: extended

text: to

text: all

text: areas

text: of

text: health

text: care

text: with

text: subsequent

text: improvement

text: in

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: indicators

text: and

text: improvement

text: in

text: health

text: care

text: efficiency

text: and

text: cost

question: When did the Bamako Initiative begin?

answer: 1987

question: Nigeria is adding what kind of costs to its healthcare system?

answer: user fees

text: user fees

question: When did Nigeria start reorganizing its healthcare system?

answer: 1987


text: A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3-quality music has risen each year. Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: A

text: test

text: given

text: to

text: new

text: students

text: by

text: Stanford

text: University

text: Music

text: Professor

text: Jonathan

text: Berger

text: showed

text: that

text: student

text: preference

text: for

text: music

text: has

text: risen

text: each

text: year

text: Berger

text: said

text: the

text: students

text: seem

text: to

text: prefer

text: the

text: sizzle

text: sounds

text: that

text: bring

text: to

text: music

question: Who gave students a test to determine their preferences?

answer: Music Professor Jonathan Berger

text: Music Professor Jonathan Berger

question: Where was a test performed to collect data on student preference for MP3 quality?

answer: Stanford University

text: Stanford University

question: Data showed that students' preference for MP3 quality music followed which trend?

answer: risen each year

text: risen each year

question: What kind of sound did students seem to prefer?

answer: sizzle

text: sizzle


text: Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution, and the Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: Though

text: government

text: support

text: for

text: universities

text: declined

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: President

text: Arnold

text: R.

text: Weber

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: stabilize

text: university

text: finances

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: revitalization

text: of

text: the

text: campuses

text: As

text: admissions

text: to

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: grew

text: increasingly

text: competitive

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: President

text: Henry

text: S.

text: Bienen

text: 's

text: tenure

text: saw

text: a

text: notable

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: and

text: quality

text: of

text: undergraduate

text: applicants

text: continued

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: facilities

text: and

text: faculty

text: and

text: renewed

text: athletic

text: competitiveness

text: In

text: Northwestern

text: student

text: journalists

text: uncovered

text: information

text: exonerating

text: Illinois

text: death

text: row

text: inmate

text: Anthony

text: Porter

text: two

text: days

text: before

text: his

text: scheduled

text: execution

text: and

text: the

text: Innocence

text: Project

text: has

text: since

text: exonerated

text: more

text: men

text: On

text: January

text: in

text: a

text: speech

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: School

text: of

text: Law

text: 's

text: Lincoln

text: Hall

text: then

text: Governor

text: of

text: Illinois

text: George

text: Ryan

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: commute

text: the

text: sentences

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: death

text: row

text: inmates

question: In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 2 days before his scheduled death?

answer: Northwestern student journalists

text: Northwestern student journalists

question: What Northwestern program is responsible for exonerating more than 10 men?

answer: the Innocence Project

text: the Innocence Project

question: In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates would be commuted?

answer: Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall

text: Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall

question: What was President Arnold R. Weber able to do with Northwestern's finances as the government's support of universities declined in the 70's and 80's?

answer: stabilize

text: stabilize

question: In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 4 days before his scheduled death?

text: Northwestern student journalists

question: What Northwestern program is responsible for exonerating more than 15 men?

text: Innocence Project

question: In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of less than 10 death row inmates would be commuted?

question: What was President Arnold R. Weber able to do with Northwestern's finances as the government's support of universities rose in the 70's and 80's?

text: stabilize


text: Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Vernacular

text: architecture

text: became

text: increasingly

text: ornamental

text: House

text: builders

text: could

text: use

text: current

text: architectural

text: design

text: in

text: their

text: work

text: by

text: combining

text: features

text: found

text: in

text: pattern

text: books

text: and

text: architectural

text: journals

question: What kind of books did housebuilders use?

answer: pattern books and architectural journals

text: pattern books and architectural journals

question: What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate?

answer: current architectural design

text: current architectural design

question: What kind of books did housebuilders reject?

question: What type of design did these texts allow the builders to reject?

text: current architectural design