text: Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive playback option would be the digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks. The reason for this is the RF signal needs to bypass the audio circuitry in order to be properly processed by the demodulator. If either the player did not support digital audio tracks (common in older players), or the disc did not include digital audio tracks at all (uncommon for a disc which is mastered with an AC-3 track), the only remaining option was to fall back to a monophonic presentation of the left analog audio track. However, many older analog-only players not only failed to output AC-3 streams correctly, but were not even aware of their potential existence. Such a player will happily play the analog audio tracks verbatim, resulting in garbage (static) output in the right channel.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Both

text: and

text: DTS

text: surround

text: audio

text: were

text: clumsily

text: implemented

text: on

text: LaserDiscs

text: leading

text: to

text: some

text: interesting

text: player-

text: and

text: disc

text: dependent

text: issues

text: A

text: disc

text: that

text: included

text: audio

text: forfeited

text: the

text: right

text: analog

text: audio

text: channel

text: to

text: the

text: modulated

text: RF

text: stream

text: If

text: the

text: player

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: an

text: output

text: available

text: the

text: next

text: most

text: attractive

text: playback

text: option

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: digital

text: Dolby

text: Surround

text: or

text: stereo

text: audio

text: tracks

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: RF

text: signal

text: needs

text: to

text: bypass

text: the

text: audio

text: circuitry

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: be

text: properly

text: processed

text: by

text: the

text: demodulator

text: If

text: either

text: the

text: player

text: did

text: not

text: support

text: digital

text: audio

text: tracks

text: common

text: in

text: older

text: players

text: or

text: the

text: disc

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: digital

text: audio

text: tracks

text: at

text: all

text: uncommon

text: for

text: a

text: disc

text: which

text: is

text: mastered

text: with

text: an

text: track

text: the

text: only

text: remaining

text: option

text: was

text: to

text: fall

text: back

text: to

text: a

text: monophonic

text: presentation

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: analog

text: audio

text: track

text: However

text: many

text: older

text: analog

text: only

text: players

text: not

text: only

text: failed

text: to

text: output

text: streams

text: correctly

text: but

text: were

text: not

text: even

text: aware

text: of

text: their

text: potential

text: existence

text: Such

text: a

text: player

text: will

text: happily

text: play

text: the

text: analog

text: audio

text: tracks

text: verbatim

text: resulting

text: in

text: garbage

text: static

text: output

text: in

text: the

text: right

text: channel

question: Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio?

answer: right analog audio channel

text: right analog audio channel

question: What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present?

answer: digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks

text: digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks

question: What happens to the right channel in a player that doesn't recognize AC-3?

answer: garbage (static) output

text: garbage (static) output


text: In Mark 15:25 crucifixion takes place at the third hour (9 a.m.) and Jesus' death at the ninth hour (3 p.m.). However, in John 19:14 Jesus is still before Pilate at the sixth hour. Scholars have presented a number of arguments to deal with the issue, some suggesting a reconciliation, e.g., based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark, yet others have rejected the arguments. Several notable scholars have argued that the modern precision of marking the time of day should not be read back into the gospel accounts, written at a time when no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available, and time was often approximated to the closest three-hour period.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: In

text: Mark

text: crucifixion

text: takes

text: place

text: at

text: the

text: third

text: hour

text: a.m.

text: and

text: Jesus

text: death

text: at

text: the

text: ninth

text: hour

text: p.m.

text: However

text: in

text: John

text: Jesus

text: is

text: still

text: before

text: Pilate

text: at

text: the

text: sixth

text: hour

text: Scholars

text: have

text: presented

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: arguments

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: issue

text: some

text: suggesting

text: a

text: reconciliation

text: e.g.

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Roman

text: timekeeping

text: in

text: John

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: Mark

text: yet

text: others

text: have

text: rejected

text: the

text: arguments

text: Several

text: notable

text: scholars

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: modern

text: precision

text: of

text: marking

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: day

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: read

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: gospel

text: accounts

text: written

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: no

text: standardization

text: of

text: timepieces

text: or

text: exact

text: recording

text: of

text: hours

text: and

text: minutes

text: was

text: available

text: and

text: time

text: was

text: often

text: approximated

text: to

text: the

text: closest

text: three

text: hour

text: period

question: What time was the crucifiction per Mark?

answer: 9 a.m.

text: 9 a.m.

question: What time did Jesus die per Mark?

answer: 3 p.m.

text: 3 p.m.

question: Why do scholars say the times are different depending on the gospel it's written in?

answer: based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark

text: based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark

question: What is another reason the times differ so much?

answer: no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available

text: no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available

question: How close was time guessed in the day of the Gospels?

answer: approximated to the closest three-hour period

text: approximated to the closest three-hour period

question: What time did Pilate hold court in the morning?

text: (9 a.m.)

question: What did Pilate call for to make it easier to tell time?

text: standardization of timepieces

question: During what time period was Pilate avaliable to be seen?

text: three-hour period

question: What did Pilate want with the Roman empire?

text: a reconciliation

question: What was rejected by Rome when Pilate brought reconciliation to the table?

text: the arguments


text: BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: BBC

text: Japan

text: was

text: a

text: general

text: entertainment

text: channel

text: which

text: operated

text: between

text: December

text: and

text: April

text: It

text: ceased

text: operations

text: after

text: its

text: Japanese

text: distributor

text: folded

question: When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting?

answer: December 2004

text: December 2004

question: When did BBC Japan shut down?

answer: April 2006

text: April 2006

question: What was the genre of BBC Japan?

answer: general entertainment

text: general entertainment

question: What was BBC Japanese considered?

text: a general entertainment channel

question: What folded after a Japanese distributor ceased?

text: operations

question: What ran from April 2004 until December 2006?

text: BBC Japan


text: In general, avian influenza is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific influenza A virus that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected. The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

title: Poultry

title: Poultry

text: In

text: general

text: avian

text: influenza

text: is

text: a

text: disease

text: of

text: birds

text: caused

text: by

text: bird

text: specific

text: influenza

text: A

text: virus

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: normally

text: transferred

text: to

text: people

text: however

text: people

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: live

text: poultry

text: are

text: at

text: the

text: greatest

text: risk

text: of

text: becoming

text: infected

text: with

text: the

text: virus

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: of

text: particular

text: concern

text: in

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: where

text: the

text: disease

text: is

text: endemic

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: bird

text: population

text: and

text: domestic

text: poultry

text: can

text: become

text: infected

text: The

text: virus

text: possibly

text: could

text: mutate

text: to

text: become

text: highly

text: virulent

text: and

text: infectious

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: cause

text: an

text: influenza

text: pandemic

question: Is the Avian flu a risk only to animals?

answer: people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus

text: people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus

question: What portion of the world is considered to be most at risk for the rapid spread of the avian flu?

answer: areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected

text: areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected

question: What is the danger to humans in regards to the spread of avian flu to humans ?

answer: The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

text: The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

question: Can the avian flu be sread from wild birds to birds kept in husbandry?

answer: the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected.

text: the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected.

question: Why is the Avian flu only a risk to animals?

question: What portion of the world is immune to the flu?

text: areas such as Southeast Asia

question: Why is the avian influenza considered to be completely safe?

question: What kind of poultry are immune to avian influenza?

text: domestic poultry

question: What is most commonly found in people compared to birds?

text: avian influenza


text: On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities. During the weekend, the US sent into China two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which included tents and generators. Xinhua reported 135,000 Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort across 58 counties and cities.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: On

text: May

text: rescue

text: groups

text: from

text: South

text: Korea

text: Japan

text: Singapore

text: Russia

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: arrived

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: rescue

text: effort

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: shared

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: satellite

text: images

text: of

text: the

text: quake

text: stricken

text: areas

text: with

text: Chinese

text: authorities

text: During

text: the

text: weekend

text: the

text: US

text: sent

text: into

text: China

text: two

text: U.S.

text: Air

text: Force

text: 's

text: carrying

text: supplies

text: which

text: included

text: tents

text: and

text: generators

text: Xinhua

text: reported

text: Chinese

text: troops

text: and

text: medics

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: rescue

text: effort

text: across

text: counties

text: and

text: cities

question: What did the US share?

answer: satellite images of the quake-stricken areas

text: satellite images of the quake-stricken areas

question: Who did the US share the satellite images with?

answer: Chinese authorities

text: Chinese authorities

question: How many Chinese troops were involved in the rescue efforts?

answer: 135,000

question: When did groups from South Korea, Japan, and others arrive in China?

answer: May 16

text: May 16

question: What did the U.S. share with China?

answer: satellite images

text: satellite images

question: What was included in the the Air Force C-17 supplies?

answer: tents and generators

text: tents and generators

question: How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the relief efforts?

answer: 135,000


text: Two days after "1984" aired, the Macintosh went on sale, and came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: MacWrite and MacPaint. It was first demonstrated by Steve Jobs in the first of his famous Mac keynote speeches, and though the Mac garnered an immediate, enthusiastic following, some labeled it a mere "toy." Because the operating system was designed largely around the GUI, existing text-mode and command-driven applications had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten. This was a time-consuming task that many software developers chose not to undertake, and could be regarded as a reason for an initial lack of software for the new system. In April 1984, Microsoft's MultiPlan migrated over from MS-DOS, with Microsoft Word following in January 1985. In 1985, Lotus Software introduced Lotus Jazz for the Macintosh platform after the success of Lotus 1-2-3 for the IBM PC, although it was largely a flop. Apple introduced the Macintosh Office suite the same year with the "Lemmings" ad. Infamous for insulting its own potential customers, the ad was not successful.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Two

text: days

text: after

text: aired

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: went

text: on

text: sale

text: and

text: came

text: bundled

text: with

text: two

text: applications

text: designed

text: to

text: show

text: off

text: its

text: interface

text: MacWrite

text: and

text: MacPaint

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: his

text: famous

text: Mac

text: keynote

text: speeches

text: and

text: though

text: the

text: Mac

text: garnered

text: an

text: immediate

text: enthusiastic

text: following

text: some

text: labeled

text: it

text: a

text: mere

text: toy

text: Because

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: was

text: designed

text: largely

text: around

text: the

text: GUI

text: existing

text: text

text: mode

text: and

text: command

text: driven

text: applications

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: redesigned

text: and

text: the

text: programming

text: code

text: rewritten

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: time

text: consuming

text: task

text: that

text: many

text: software

text: developers

text: chose

text: not

text: to

text: undertake

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: reason

text: for

text: an

text: initial

text: lack

text: of

text: software

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: system

text: In

text: April

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: MultiPlan

text: migrated

text: over

text: from

text: MS

text: DOS

text: with

text: Microsoft

text: Word

text: following

text: in

text: January

text: In

text: Lotus

text: Software

text: introduced

text: Lotus

text: Jazz

text: for

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: platform

text: after

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: Lotus

text: for

text: the

text: IBM

text: PC

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: largely

text: a

text: flop

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: Office

text: suite

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: with

text: the

text: Lemmings

text: ad

text: Infamous

text: for

text: insulting

text: its

text: own

text: potential

text: customers

text: the

text: ad

text: was

text: not

text: successful

question: What two applications came bundled with Macs 2 days after "1984" was aired?

answer: MacWrite and MacPaint

text: MacWrite and MacPaint

question: Why did many software developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?

answer: This was a time-consuming task

text: This was a time-consuming task

question: What year did Microsoft's MultiPlan migrate over from MS-DOS?

answer: 1984

question: What year was Apple's Macintosh Office suite introduced?

answer: 1985

question: What did Apple's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful?

answer: insulting its own potential customers

text: insulting its own potential customers

question: What two applications came bundled with Macs 2 days after "1948" was aired?

text: MacWrite and MacPaint

question: Why did many hardware developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?

text: This was a time-consuming task

question: What year did Apple's MultiPlan migrate over from MS-DOS?

question: What year was Microsoft's Macintosh Office suite introduced?

question: What did Microsoft's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful?

text: insulting its own potential customers


text: The culture in Southeast Asia is very diverse: on mainland Southeast Asia, the culture is a mix of Indochinese (Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand) and Chinese (Singapore and Vietnam). While in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese cultures. Also Brunei shows a strong influence from Arabia. Singapore and Vietnam show more Chinese influence in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants, which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore. Throughout Vietnam's history, it has had no direct influence from India - only through contact with the Thai, Khmer and Cham peoples.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: The

text: culture

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: is

text: very

text: diverse

text: on

text: mainland

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: the

text: culture

text: is

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: Indochinese

text: Burma

text: Cambodia

text: Laos

text: and

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Chinese

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: While

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: the

text: culture

text: is

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: indigenous

text: Austronesian

text: Indian

text: Islamic

text: Western

text: and

text: Chinese

text: cultures

text: Also

text: Brunei

text: shows

text: a

text: strong

text: influence

text: from

text: Arabia

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: show

text: more

text: Chinese

text: influence

text: in

text: that

text: Singapore

text: although

text: being

text: geographically

text: a

text: Southeast

text: Asian

text: nation

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: Chinese

text: majority

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: in

text: China

text: 's

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: Indian

text: influence

text: in

text: Singapore

text: is

text: only

text: evident

text: through

text: the

text: Tamil

text: migrants

text: which

text: influenced

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: the

text: cuisine

text: of

text: Singapore

text: Throughout

text: Vietnam

text: 's

text: history

text: it

text: has

text: had

text: no

text: direct

text: influence

text: from

text: India

text: only

text: through

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Thai

text: Khmer

text: and

text: Cham

text: peoples

question: Arabia has a strong influence in which Southeast Asian country?

answer: Brunei

text: Brunei

question: Singapore & Vietnam shows which influence predominantly?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: The Indian influence is evident in which country through the Tamil migrants?

answer: Singapore

text: Singapore

question: Where in Southeast Asia is the culture not very divers?

text: mainland

question: Where is the culture predominatly Chinese?

text: Singapore and Vietnam

question: Where is the indigenous culture Australian?

text: Philippines and Malaysia

question: What country has directly influenced the culture of Vietnam?

text: India


text: The largest producers of cotton, currently (2009), are China and India, with annual production of about 34 million bales and 33.4 million bales, respectively; most of this production is consumed by their respective textile industries. The largest exporters of raw cotton are the United States, with sales of $4.9 billion, and Africa, with sales of $2.1 billion. The total international trade is estimated to be $12 billion. Africa's share of the cotton trade has doubled since 1980. Neither area has a significant domestic textile industry, textile manufacturing having moved to developing nations in Eastern and South Asia such as India and China. In Africa, cotton is grown by numerous small holders. Dunavant Enterprises, based in Memphis, Tennessee, is the leading cotton broker in Africa, with hundreds of purchasing agents. It operates cotton gins in Uganda, Mozambique, and Zambia. In Zambia, it often offers loans for seed and expenses to the 180,000 small farmers who grow cotton for it, as well as advice on farming methods. Cargill also purchases cotton in Africa for export.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: The

text: largest

text: producers

text: of

text: cotton

text: currently

text: are

text: China

text: and

text: India

text: with

text: annual

text: production

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: bales

text: and

text: million

text: bales

text: respectively

text: most

text: of

text: this

text: production

text: is

text: consumed

text: by

text: their

text: respective

text: textile

text: industries

text: The

text: largest

text: exporters

text: of

text: raw

text: cotton

text: are

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: sales

text: of

text: billion

text: and

text: Africa

text: with

text: sales

text: of

text: billion

text: The

text: total

text: international

text: trade

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: billion

text: Africa

text: 's

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: cotton

text: trade

text: has

text: doubled

text: since

text: Neither

text: area

text: has

text: a

text: significant

text: domestic

text: textile

text: industry

text: textile

text: manufacturing

text: having

text: moved

text: to

text: developing

text: nations

text: in

text: Eastern

text: and

text: South

text: Asia

text: such

text: as

text: India

text: and

text: China

text: In

text: Africa

text: cotton

text: is

text: grown

text: by

text: numerous

text: small

text: holders

text: Dunavant

text: Enterprises

text: based

text: in

text: Memphis

text: Tennessee

text: is

text: the

text: leading

text: cotton

text: broker

text: in

text: Africa

text: with

text: hundreds

text: of

text: purchasing

text: agents

text: It

text: operates

text: cotton

text: gins

text: in

text: Uganda

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Zambia

text: In

text: Zambia

text: it

text: often

text: offers

text: loans

text: for

text: seed

text: and

text: expenses

text: to

text: the

text: small

text: farmers

text: who

text: grow

text: cotton

text: for

text: it

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: advice

text: on

text: farming

text: methods

text: Cargill

text: also

text: purchases

text: cotton

text: in

text: Africa

text: for

text: export

question: In 2009 what were the largest producers of cotton?

answer: China and India

text: China and India

question: How do the US and Africa rank as exporters of cotton?

answer: largest exporters

text: largest exporters

question: What is the combined international trade in cotton?

answer: $12 billion

text: $12 billion

question: What company is the top cotton broker in Africa?

answer: Dunavant Enterprises

text: Dunavant Enterprises

question: Where is Dunavant Enterprises based?

answer: Memphis, Tennessee

text: Memphis, Tennessee

question: In 2009 what were the largest importers?

text: China and India

question: How do the US and Africa rank as exporters of rice?

text: largest exporters

question: What is the combined international trade in rice?

text: $12 billion

question: What company is the top cotton broker in India?

text: Dunavant Enterprises

question: Where is Cargill based?

text: Memphis, Tennessee


text: Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments. The states are guaranteed military and civil defense by the federal government, which is also obliged by Article IV, Section Four, to "guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government".

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: Under

text: Article

text: IV

text: Section

text: Three

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: which

text: outlines

text: the

text: relationship

text: among

text: the

text: states

text: Congress

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: admit

text: new

text: states

text: to

text: the

text: union

text: The

text: states

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: give

text: full

text: faith

text: and

text: credit

text: to

text: the

text: acts

text: of

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: legislatures

text: and

text: courts

text: which

text: is

text: generally

text: held

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: recognition

text: of

text: legal

text: contracts

text: marriages

text: and

text: criminal

text: judgments

text: The

text: states

text: are

text: guaranteed

text: military

text: and

text: civil

text: defense

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: obliged

text: by

text: Article

text: IV

text: Section

text: Four

text: to

text: guarantee

text: to

text: every

text: state

text: in

text: this

text: union

text: a

text: republican

text: form

text: of

text: government

question: What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline?

answer: the relationship among the states

text: the relationship among the states

question: Article IV, Section Three of th United States Constitution gives Congress the power to do what?

answer: the power to admit new states to the union

text: the power to admit new states to the union

question: What does the states' requirement to give "full faith and credit" help recognize?

answer: legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments

text: legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments

question: What are all states guaranteed by the federal government?

answer: military and civil defense

text: military and civil defense

question: What does Article 4, Section 4 guarantee?

answer: guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government

text: guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government

question: What part of the US Constitution outlines the relationship among the states?

answer: Article IV, Section Three

text: Article IV, Section Three

question: Article IV, Section Three allows Congress to do what?

answer: admit new states to the union

text: admit new states to the union

question: What does the concept of "full faith and credit" protect?

answer: the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments

text: the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments

question: What is guaranteed to the states by the federal government?

answer: military and civil defense

text: military and civil defense

question: What does article V, Section three of the US Constitution outline?

text: the relationship among the states

question: What does Article V, Section Three of the United States Constitution give Congress the power to do?

question: What does the states' requirement to give "full government guarantee" help recognize?

question: What are all states guaranteed by the republican form?

text: military and civil defense

question: What does Article V, Section 4 guarantee?


text: One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christmas lights. In cold climates, LED traffic lights may remain snow-covered. Red or yellow LEDs are used in indicator and alphanumeric displays in environments where night vision must be retained: aircraft cockpits, submarine and ship bridges, astronomy observatories, and in the field, e.g. night time animal watching and military field use.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: One

text: color

text: light

text: is

text: well

text: suited

text: for

text: traffic

text: lights

text: and

text: signals

text: exit

text: signs

text: emergency

text: vehicle

text: lighting

text: ships

text: navigation

text: lights

text: or

text: lanterns

text: chromacity

text: and

text: luminance

text: standards

text: being

text: set

text: under

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: the

text: International

text: Regulations

text: for

text: Preventing

text: Collisions

text: at

text: Sea

text: Annex

text: I

text: and

text: the

text: CIE

text: and

text: LED

text: based

text: Christmas

text: lights

text: In

text: cold

text: climates

text: LED

text: traffic

text: lights

text: may

text: remain

text: snow

text: covered

text: Red

text: or

text: yellow

text: LEDs

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: indicator

text: and

text: alphanumeric

text: displays

text: in

text: environments

text: where

text: night

text: vision

text: must

text: be

text: retained

text: aircraft

text: cockpits

text: submarine

text: and

text: ship

text: bridges

text: astronomy

text: observatories

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: e.g.

text: night

text: time

text: animal

text: watching

text: and

text: military

text: field

text: use

question: What type of light is ideal for traffic signals?

answer: One-color light

text: One-color light

question: In what year were luminescence standards set?

answer: 1972

question: What color LEDs are used when night vision is important?

answer: Red or yellow

text: Red or yellow

question: What is an example of a night vision needed area?

answer: astronomy observatories

text: astronomy observatories

question: What is another use for one-color light?

answer: exit signs

text: exit signs

question: What type of light is not ideal for traffic signals?

text: LED

question: In what year were non-luminescence standards set?

question: What color non-LEDs are used when night vision is important?

text: Red or yellow

question: What is an example of a non-night vision needed area?

text: submarine


text: Genetic studies have found significant African female-mediated gene flow in Arab communities in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, with an average of 38% of maternal lineages in Yemen are of direct African descent, 16% in Oman-Qatar, and 10% in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Genetic

text: studies

text: have

text: found

text: significant

text: African

text: female

text: mediated

text: gene

text: flow

text: in

text: Arab

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: neighboring

text: countries

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: of

text: maternal

text: lineages

text: in

text: Yemen

text: are

text: of

text: direct

text: African

text: descent

text: in

text: Oman

text: Qatar

text: and

text: in

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

question: How many people in Yemen have African lineage?

answer: average of 38%

text: average of 38%

question: How many people in Oman-Qatar have African lineage?

answer: 16%

question: How many people in Saudi Arabia-United Arab Emirates have African lineage?

answer: 10%

question: Genetic studies have found which gene in Arab communities?

answer: African female-mediated gene

text: African female-mediated gene


text: The increased consumption of reading materials of all sorts was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment. Developments in the Industrial Revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices, encouraging the spread of books, pamphlets, newspapers and journals – "media of the transmission of ideas and attitudes". Commercial development likewise increased the demand for information, along with rising populations and increased urbanisation. However, demand for reading material extended outside of the realm of the commercial, and outside the realm of the upper and middle classes, as evidenced by the Bibliothèque Bleue. Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century. Reflecting the decreasing influence of religion, the number of books about science and art published in Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780, while the number of books about religion dropped to just one-tenth of the total.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: increased

text: consumption

text: of

text: reading

text: materials

text: of

text: all

text: sorts

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: key

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: Enlightenment

text: Developments

text: in

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: allowed

text: consumer

text: goods

text: to

text: be

text: produced

text: in

text: greater

text: quantities

text: at

text: lower

text: prices

text: encouraging

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: books

text: pamphlets

text: newspapers

text: and

text: journals

text: media

text: of

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: ideas

text: and

text: attitudes

text: Commercial

text: development

text: likewise

text: increased

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: information

text: along

text: with

text: rising

text: populations

text: and

text: increased

text: urbanisation

text: However

text: demand

text: for

text: reading

text: material

text: extended

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: the

text: commercial

text: and

text: outside

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: middle

text: classes

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: the

text: Bibliothèque

text: Bleue

text: Literacy

text: rates

text: are

text: difficult

text: to

text: gauge

text: but

text: in

text: France

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: rates

text: doubled

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Reflecting

text: the

text: decreasing

text: influence

text: of

text: religion

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: books

text: about

text: science

text: and

text: art

text: published

text: in

text: Paris

text: doubled

text: from

text: to

text: while

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: books

text: about

text: religion

text: dropped

text: to

text: just

text: one

text: tenth

text: of

text: the

text: total

question: The increased consumption of what type of material was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment?

answer: reading materials

text: reading materials

question: Developments in which revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices?

answer: the Industrial Revolution

text: the Industrial Revolution

question: In additional to rising populations and increased urbanisation, what else did Commercial development increase the need for?

answer: demand for information

text: demand for information

question: In what country did literacy rates double over the course of the 18th century?

answer: France

text: France

question: The number of books about religion in Paris from 1720 to 1780 dropped by what percentage?

answer: just one-tenth of the total

text: just one-tenth of the total


text: The culture of Somalia is an amalgamation of traditions developed independently and through interaction with neighbouring and far away civilizations, such as other parts of Northeast Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India and Southeast Asia.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: The

text: culture

text: of

text: Somalia

text: is

text: an

text: amalgamation

text: of

text: traditions

text: developed

text: independently

text: and

text: through

text: interaction

text: with

text: neighbouring

text: and

text: far

text: away

text: civilizations

text: such

text: as

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Northeast

text: Africa

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: India

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

question: Civilizations from what geographic part of Africa influenced Somali culture?

answer: Northeast

text: Northeast

question: Civilizations from what geographic part of Asia influenced Somali culture?

answer: Southeast

text: Southeast

question: What Asian country notable influenced Somali culture?

answer: India

text: India

question: Along with Northeast Africa, Southeast Asia and India, what locale had a significant influence on Somali culture?

answer: the Arabian Peninsula

text: the Arabian Peninsula


text: Later that summer, the Russians invaded Memel with 75,000 troops. Memel had one of the strongest fortresses in Prussia. However, after five days of artillery bombardment the Russian army was able to storm it. The Russians then used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia and defeated a smaller Prussian force in the fiercely contested Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf on 30 August 1757. However, it was not yet able to take Königsberg and retreated soon afterward. Still, it was a new threat to Prussia. Not only was Frederick forced to break off his invasion of Bohemia, he was now forced to withdraw further into Prussian-controlled territory. His defeats on the battlefield brought still more opportunist nations into the war. Sweden declared war on Prussia and invaded Pomerania with 17,000 men. Sweden felt this small army was all that was needed to occupy Pomerania and felt the Swedish army would not need to engage with the Prussians because the Prussians were occupied on so many other fronts.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Later

text: that

text: summer

text: the

text: Russians

text: invaded

text: Memel

text: with

text: troops

text: Memel

text: had

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: strongest

text: fortresses

text: in

text: Prussia

text: However

text: after

text: five

text: days

text: of

text: artillery

text: bombardment

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: storm

text: it

text: The

text: Russians

text: then

text: used

text: Memel

text: as

text: a

text: base

text: to

text: invade

text: East

text: Prussia

text: and

text: defeated

text: a

text: smaller

text: Prussian

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: fiercely

text: contested

text: Battle

text: of

text: Gross

text: Jägersdorf

text: on

text: August

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: yet

text: able

text: to

text: take

text: Königsberg

text: and

text: retreated

text: soon

text: afterward

text: Still

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: new

text: threat

text: to

text: Prussia

text: Not

text: only

text: was

text: Frederick

text: forced

text: to

text: break

text: off

text: his

text: invasion

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: he

text: was

text: now

text: forced

text: to

text: withdraw

text: further

text: into

text: Prussian

text: controlled

text: territory

text: His

text: defeats

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: brought

text: still

text: more

text: opportunist

text: nations

text: into

text: the

text: war

text: Sweden

text: declared

text: war

text: on

text: Prussia

text: and

text: invaded

text: Pomerania

text: with

text: men

text: Sweden

text: felt

text: this

text: small

text: army

text: was

text: all

text: that

text: was

text: needed

text: to

text: occupy

text: Pomerania

text: and

text: felt

text: the

text: Swedish

text: army

text: would

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: engage

text: with

text: the

text: Prussians

text: because

text: the

text: Prussians

text: were

text: occupied

text: on

text: so

text: many

text: other

text: fronts

question: What led to the defeat of the Prussians at Memel?

answer: five days of artillery bombardment

text: five days of artillery bombardment

question: How did the Russians used the captured Memel?

answer: used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia

text: used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia

question: What caused the Russians based in Memel to be successful deeper into Prussia?

answer: defeated a smaller Prussian force

text: defeated a smaller Prussian force

question: What was Frederick's response to the Russian invasion?

answer: he was now forced to withdraw further into Prussian-controlled territory

text: he was now forced to withdraw further into Prussian-controlled territory

question: What additional country felt emboldened to invade Prussia?

answer: Sweden

text: Sweden


text: On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013. The move came as the firm reported a 5% drop in sales and 1% decline in net profit over 2012. It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 new data centers. After ten successive quarters of flat or sliding sales under Chief Executive Virginia Rometty IBM is being forced to look at new approaches. Said Rometty, “We’ve got to reinvent ourselves like we’ve done in prior generations.”

title: IBM

title: IBM

text: On

text: January

text: IBM

text: announced

text: that

text: company

text: executives

text: would

text: forgo

text: bonuses

text: for

text: fiscal

text: year

text: The

text: move

text: came

text: as

text: the

text: firm

text: reported

text: a

text: drop

text: in

text: sales

text: and

text: decline

text: in

text: net

text: profit

text: over

text: It

text: also

text: committed

text: to

text: a

text: plus

text: expansion

text: of

text: its

text: data

text: center

text: and

text: cloud

text: storage

text: business

text: including

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: new

text: data

text: centers

text: After

text: ten

text: successive

text: quarters

text: of

text: flat

text: or

text: sliding

text: sales

text: under

text: Chief

text: Executive

text: Virginia

text: Rometty

text: IBM

text: is

text: being

text: forced

text: to

text: look

text: at

text: new

text: approaches

text: Said

text: Rometty

text: We

text: ’ve

text: got

text: to

text: reinvent

text: ourselves

text: like

text: we

text: ’ve

text: done

text: in

text: prior

text: generations

question: How large of a drop in sales did IBM report for fiscal year 2013?

answer: 5% drop

text: 5% drop

question: What date did IBM announce that its executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013?

answer: January 21, 2014

text: January 21, 2014

question: IBM committed to an expansion totaling this dollar amount in 2014?

answer: $1.2bn

question: How many new data centers did IBM commit to building?

answer: 15

question: Who is the chief executive of IBM?

answer: Virginia Rometty

text: Virginia Rometty

question: What did CE Virginia Rometty want to do with IBM's cloud storage business in 2014?

text: reinvent

question: How much profit did the cloud storage business net in 2012?

question: What benefit was Rometty the only one willing to forego in 2012?

text: bonuses

question: What is one type of storage that has been more popular with youger generations?

text: cloud-storage

question: How many times did IBM have to reinvent itself in the past?

text: ten


text: The palace measures 108 metres (354 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft), is 24 metres (79 ft) high and contains over 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft) of floorspace. The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, or the Forbidden City. There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. The principal rooms are contained on the piano nobile behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long. The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase. The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a tribune lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining, but are open to the public every summer.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: The

text: palace

text: measures

text: metres

text: ft

text: by

text: metres

text: ft

text: is

text: metres

text: ft

text: high

text: and

text: contains

text: over

text: sq

text: ft

text: of

text: floorspace

text: The

text: floor

text: area

text: is

text: smaller

text: than

text: the

text: Royal

text: Palace

text: of

text: Madrid

text: the

text: Papal

text: Palace

text: in

text: Rome

text: the

text: Louvre

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: Hofburg

text: Palace

text: in

text: Vienna

text: or

text: the

text: Forbidden

text: City

text: There

text: are

text: rooms

text: including

text: state

text: rooms

text: principal

text: bedrooms

text: staff

text: bedrooms

text: offices

text: and

text: bathrooms

text: The

text: principal

text: rooms

text: are

text: contained

text: on

text: the

text: piano

text: nobile

text: behind

text: the

text: west

text: facing

text: garden

text: façade

text: at

text: the

text: rear

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: The

text: centre

text: of

text: this

text: ornate

text: suite

text: of

text: state

text: rooms

text: is

text: the

text: Music

text: Room

text: its

text: large

text: bow

text: the

text: dominant

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: façade

text: Flanking

text: the

text: Music

text: Room

text: are

text: the

text: Blue

text: and

text: the

text: White

text: Drawing

text: Rooms

text: At

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: suite

text: serving

text: as

text: a

text: corridor

text: to

text: link

text: the

text: state

text: rooms

text: is

text: the

text: Picture

text: Gallery

text: which

text: is

text: top

text: lit

text: and

text: yards

text: m

text: long

text: The

text: Gallery

text: is

text: hung

text: with

text: numerous

text: works

text: including

text: some

text: by

text: Rembrandt

text: van

text: Dyck

text: Rubens

text: and

text: Vermeer

text: other

text: rooms

text: leading

text: from

text: the

text: Picture

text: Gallery

text: are

text: the

text: Throne

text: Room

text: and

text: the

text: Green

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: The

text: Green

text: Drawing

text: Room

text: serves

text: as

text: a

text: huge

text: anteroom

text: to

text: the

text: Throne

text: Room

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: from

text: the

text: Guard

text: Room

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Staircase

text: The

text: Guard

text: Room

text: contains

text: white

text: marble

text: statues

text: of

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: and

text: Prince

text: Albert

text: in

text: Roman

text: costume

text: set

text: in

text: a

text: tribune

text: lined

text: with

text: tapestries

text: These

text: very

text: formal

text: rooms

text: are

text: used

text: only

text: for

text: ceremonial

text: and

text: official

text: entertaining

text: but

text: are

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: every

text: summer

question: How many principle bedrooms does the palace have?

answer: 52

question: How many bathrooms are there?

answer: 78

question: A large bow is a large feature of the facade in which stateroom?

answer: the Music Room

text: the Music Room

question: How long is the Picture Gallery in yards?

answer: 55 yards

text: 55 yards

question: Which rooms has large white marble statues of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria?

answer: The Guard Room

text: The Guard Room

question: What is the floor space of the palace?

answer: 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft)

text: 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft)

question: How many staterooms does the palace have?

answer: 19 state rooms

text: 19 state rooms

question: How many bathrooms does the palace have?

answer: 78 bathrooms

text: 78 bathrooms

question: How many offices does the palace have?

answer: 92 offices

text: 92 offices

question: How many principle bedrooms does the palace spy on?

question: How many bathrooms are made from gold there?

question: Which stateroom has a small bow as a feature of the facade?

text: the Music Room

question: How long is the Picture Gallery in miles?

question: How many offices in the palace have closed indefinitely?

text: 92 offices


text: In some team matches, only one entrant from each team may be designated as the "legal" or "active" wrestler at any given moment. Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status. This is known as a "tag", with the participants "tagging out" and "tagging in". Typically the wrestler who is tagging out has a 5-second count to leave the ring, whereas the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: In

text: some

text: team

text: matches

text: only

text: one

text: entrant

text: from

text: each

text: team

text: may

text: be

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: legal

text: or

text: active

text: wrestler

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: moment

text: Two

text: wrestlers

text: must

text: make

text: physical

text: contact

text: typically

text: palm

text: to

text: palm

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: transfer

text: this

text: legal

text: status

text: This

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: tag

text: with

text: the

text: participants

text: tagging

text: out

text: and

text: tagging

text: in

text: Typically

text: the

text: wrestler

text: who

text: is

text: tagging

text: out

text: has

text: a

text: count

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: ring

text: whereas

text: the

text: one

text: tagging

text: in

text: can

text: enter

text: the

text: ring

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: resulting

text: in

text: heels

text: legally

text: double

text: teaming

text: a

text: face

question: What does a "tag" entail?

answer: Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status.

text: Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status.

question: What are two things that can be done with tagging?

answer: "tagging out" and "tagging in".

text: "tagging out" and "tagging in".

question: How long does a wrestler have to leave the ring once they are tagged out?

answer: has a 5-second count to leave the ring

text: has a 5-second count to leave the ring

question: How much time does a wrestler have once they tag in?

answer: the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.

text: the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.


text: In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines "everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith" a heretic. The Church had always dealt harshly with strands of Christianity that it considered heretical, but before the 11th century these tended to centre around individual preachers or small localised sects, like Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism. The diffusion of the almost Manichaean sect of Paulicians westwards gave birth to the famous 11th and 12th century heresies of Western Europe. The first one was that of Bogomils in modern day Bosnia, a sort of sanctuary between Eastern and Western Christianity. By the 11th century, more organised groups such as the Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars were beginning to appear in the towns and cities of northern Italy, southern France and Flanders.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: In

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: obstinate

text: and

text: willful

text: manifest

text: heresy

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: spiritually

text: cut

text: one

text: off

text: from

text: the

text: Church

text: even

text: before

text: excommunication

text: is

text: incurred

text: The

text: Codex

text: Justinianus

text: defines

text: everyone

text: who

text: is

text: not

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: to

text: our

text: Orthodox

text: holy

text: Faith

text: a

text: heretic

text: The

text: Church

text: had

text: always

text: dealt

text: harshly

text: with

text: strands

text: of

text: Christianity

text: that

text: it

text: considered

text: heretical

text: but

text: before

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: tended

text: to

text: centre

text: around

text: individual

text: preachers

text: or

text: small

text: localised

text: sects

text: like

text: Arianism

text: Pelagianism

text: Donatism

text: Marcionism

text: and

text: Montanism

text: The

text: diffusion

text: of

text: the

text: almost

text: Manichaean

text: sect

text: of

text: Paulicians

text: westwards

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: the

text: famous

text: and

text: century

text: heresies

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: first

text: one

text: was

text: that

text: of

text: Bogomils

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: Bosnia

text: a

text: sort

text: of

text: sanctuary

text: between

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Western

text: Christianity

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: more

text: organised

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Patarini

text: the

text: Dulcinians

text: the

text: Waldensians

text: and

text: the

text: Cathars

text: were

text: beginning

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: towns

text: and

text: cities

text: of

text: northern

text: Italy

text: southern

text: France

text: and

text: Flanders

question: What is thought of to spiritually cut one off from the Church even before excommunication?

answer: obstinate and willful manifest heresy

text: obstinate and willful manifest heresy

question: What book gives the definition of a heretic as anyone that does not follow the Catholic Church or the orthodox holy faith?

answer: The Codex Justinianus

text: The Codex Justinianus

question: What groups are cited as being considered heretical by the Church before the 11th century?

answer: Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism

text: Arianism, Pelagianism, Donatism, Marcionism and Montanism

question: What group moved westward to give rise to the famous 11th and 12th century heresy in western Europe?

answer: Paulicians

text: Paulicians

question: What groups began to appear in northern Italy and southern France during the 11th century?

answer: Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars

text: Patarini, the Dulcinians, the Waldensians and the Cathars

question: What is considered a reason to cut someone off from the church?

text: obstinate and willful manifest heresy

question: When did the Church stop dealing harshly with heritics?

text: 11th century

question: What sect was spreading west from the 1100's-1200's?

text: Manichaean sect of Paulicians

question: What happened in northern Italy during the 1100's?


text: The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part. These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: structure

text: of

text: a

text: gene

text: consists

text: of

text: many

text: elements

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: actual

text: protein

text: coding

text: sequence

text: is

text: often

text: only

text: a

text: small

text: part

text: These

text: include

text: DNA

text: regions

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: transcribed

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: untranslated

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: RNA

question: Often, how large a part of the structure of a gene is the protein coding sequence?

answer: often only a small part

text: often only a small part

question: What often plays only a small part in the structure of a gene?

answer: the actual protein coding sequence

text: the actual protein coding sequence

question: What is one of the many elements that the structure of a gene consists of?

answer: DNA regions that are not transcribed

text: DNA regions that are not transcribed

question: What is another element of the structure of a gene?

answer: untranslated regions of the RNA

text: untranslated regions of the RNA

question: What elements does the structure of a gene consist of?

answer: DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA

text: DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA


text: Much media attention on the season had been focused on the three black singers, Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson, dubbed the Three Divas. All three unexpectedly landed on the bottom three on the top seven result show, with Hudson controversially eliminated. Elton John, who was one of the mentors that season, called the results of the votes "incredibly racist". The prolonged stays of John Stevens and Jasmine Trias in the finals, despite negative comments from the judges, had aroused resentment, so much so that John Stevens reportedly received a death threat, which he dismissed as a joke 'blown out of proportion'.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Much

text: media

text: attention

text: on

text: the

text: season

text: had

text: been

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: three

text: black

text: singers

text: Fantasia

text: Barrino

text: LaToya

text: London

text: and

text: Jennifer

text: Hudson

text: dubbed

text: the

text: Three

text: Divas

text: All

text: three

text: unexpectedly

text: landed

text: on

text: the

text: bottom

text: three

text: on

text: the

text: top

text: seven

text: result

text: show

text: with

text: Hudson

text: controversially

text: eliminated

text: Elton

text: John

text: who

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: mentors

text: that

text: season

text: called

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: votes

text: incredibly

text: racist

text: The

text: prolonged

text: stays

text: of

text: John

text: Stevens

text: and

text: Jasmine

text: Trias

text: in

text: the

text: finals

text: despite

text: negative

text: comments

text: from

text: the

text: judges

text: had

text: aroused

text: resentment

text: so

text: much

text: so

text: that

text: John

text: Stevens

text: reportedly

text: received

text: a

text: death

text: threat

text: which

text: he

text: dismissed

text: as

text: a

text: joke

text: blown

text: out

text: of

text: proportion

question: What were the three black female contestants on season three of American Idol commonly referred to as?

answer: the Three Divas

text: the Three Divas

question: Which contestant was eliminated during the week of the top seven?

answer: Jennifer Hudson

text: Jennifer Hudson

question: What famous singer made claims of racism after Jennifer Hudson was eliminated from American Idol?

answer: Elton John

text: Elton John

question: Which season three contestant on American Idol was the recipient of reported death threats?

answer: John Stevens

text: John Stevens

question: What were Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London and Jennifer Hudson called?

answer: the Three Divas

text: the Three Divas

question: Which of the three was eliminated?

answer: Jennifer Hudson

text: Jennifer Hudson

question: Who said that the results were racist?

answer: Elton John

text: Elton John

question: Which contestant reportedly received a death threat on the show?

answer: John Stevens

text: John Stevens


text: Plant ecology is the science of the functional relationships between plants and their habitats—the environments where they complete their life cycles. Plant ecologists study the composition of local and regional floras, their biodiversity, genetic diversity and fitness, the adaptation of plants to their environment, and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. The goals of plant ecology are to understand the causes of their distribution patterns, productivity, environmental impact, evolution, and responses to environmental change.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Plant

text: ecology

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: of

text: the

text: functional

text: relationships

text: between

text: plants

text: and

text: their

text: habitats

text: the

text: environments

text: where

text: they

text: complete

text: their

text: life

text: cycles

text: Plant

text: ecologists

text: study

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: local

text: and

text: regional

text: floras

text: their

text: biodiversity

text: genetic

text: diversity

text: and

text: fitness

text: the

text: adaptation

text: of

text: plants

text: to

text: their

text: environment

text: and

text: their

text: competitive

text: or

text: mutualistic

text: interactions

text: with

text: other

text: species

text: The

text: goals

text: of

text: plant

text: ecology

text: are

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: their

text: distribution

text: patterns

text: productivity

text: environmental

text: impact

text: evolution

text: and

text: responses

text: to

text: environmental

text: change

question: What are plant habitats?

answer: environments where they complete their life

text: environments where they complete their life

question: What is the goal of plant ecology?

answer: to understand

text: to understand

question: What is the study of plants and the environment in which they live?

answer: Plant ecology

text: Plant ecology

question: What do plants do in their environment?

answer: interactions with other species

text: interactions with other species


text: On April 4, it was reported that the Chinese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Chinese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Chinese citizen angered over media coverage.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: On

text: April

text: it

text: was

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: appeared

text: to

text: be

text: running

text: an

text: anti

text: CNN

text: website

text: that

text: criticizes

text: the

text: cable

text: network

text: ’s

text: coverage

text: of

text: recent

text: events

text: The

text: site

text: claims

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: created

text: by

text: a

text: Beijing

text: citizen

text: However

text: foreign

text: correspondents

text: in

text: Beijing

text: voiced

text: suspicions

text: that

text: Anti

text: cnn

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: semi

text: government

text: made

text: website

text: A

text: Chinese

text: government

text: spokesman

text: insisted

text: the

text: site

text: was

text: spontaneously

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: a

text: Chinese

text: citizen

text: angered

text: over

text: media

text: coverage

question: What was the Chinese government reported running on April 4?

answer: an anti-CNN website

text: an anti-CNN website

question: Who supposedly created the site?

answer: a Beijing citizen.

text: a Beijing citizen.

question: Who takes credit for creating the site?

answer: a Beijing citizen.

text: a Beijing citizen.

question: Who felt that the government was involved in the website?

answer: foreign correspondents

text: foreign correspondents


text: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup, the BBC had highlights on Match of the Day and usually one match per round while Sky had the same deal. From 1997 to 2001, ITV and Sky shared live coverage with both having two matches per round and BBC continuing with highlights on Match of the Day. From 2002 to 2008, BBC and Sky again shared coverage with BBC having two or three matches per round and Sky having one or two. From 2008–09 to 2013–14, FA Cup matches are shown live by ITV across England and Wales, with UTV broadcasting to Northern Ireland but STV refusing to show them. ITV shows 16 FA Cup games per season, including the first pick of live matches from each of the first to sixth rounds of the competition, plus one semi-final exclusively live. The final is also shown live on ITV. Under the same 2008 contract, Setanta Sports showed three games and one replay in each round from round three to five, two quarter-finals, one semi-final and the final. The channel also broadcast ITV's matches exclusively to Scotland, after the ITV franchise holder in Scotland, STV, decided not to broadcast FA Cup games. Setanta entered administration in June 2009 and as a result the FA terminated Setanta's deal to broadcast FA-sanctioned competitions and England internationals. As a result of Setanta going out of business ITV showed the competition exclusively in the 2009–10 season with between three and four matches per round, all quarter finals, semi-finals and final live as the FA could not find a pay TV broadcaster in time. ESPN bought the competition for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season and during this time Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: BBC

text: and

text: Sky

text: Sports

text: had

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: the

text: BBC

text: had

text: highlights

text: on

text: Match

text: of

text: the

text: Day

text: and

text: usually

text: one

text: match

text: per

text: round

text: while

text: Sky

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: deal

text: From

text: to

text: ITV

text: and

text: Sky

text: shared

text: live

text: coverage

text: with

text: both

text: having

text: two

text: matches

text: per

text: round

text: and

text: BBC

text: continuing

text: with

text: highlights

text: on

text: Match

text: of

text: the

text: Day

text: From

text: to

text: BBC

text: and

text: Sky

text: again

text: shared

text: coverage

text: with

text: BBC

text: having

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: matches

text: per

text: round

text: and

text: Sky

text: having

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: From

text: to

text: FA

text: Cup

text: matches

text: are

text: shown

text: live

text: by

text: ITV

text: across

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: with

text: UTV

text: broadcasting

text: to

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: but

text: STV

text: refusing

text: to

text: show

text: them

text: ITV

text: shows

text: FA

text: Cup

text: games

text: per

text: season

text: including

text: the

text: first

text: pick

text: of

text: live

text: matches

text: from

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: sixth

text: rounds

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: plus

text: one

text: semi

text: final

text: exclusively

text: live

text: The

text: final

text: is

text: also

text: shown

text: live

text: on

text: ITV

text: Under

text: the

text: same

text: contract

text: Setanta

text: Sports

text: showed

text: three

text: games

text: and

text: one

text: replay

text: in

text: each

text: round

text: from

text: round

text: three

text: to

text: five

text: two

text: quarter

text: finals

text: one

text: semi

text: final

text: and

text: the

text: final

text: The

text: channel

text: also

text: broadcast

text: ITV

text: 's

text: matches

text: exclusively

text: to

text: Scotland

text: after

text: the

text: ITV

text: franchise

text: holder

text: in

text: Scotland

text: STV

text: decided

text: not

text: to

text: broadcast

text: FA

text: Cup

text: games

text: Setanta

text: entered

text: administration

text: in

text: June

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: FA

text: terminated

text: Setanta

text: 's

text: deal

text: to

text: broadcast

text: FA

text: sanctioned

text: competitions

text: and

text: England

text: internationals

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Setanta

text: going

text: out

text: of

text: business

text: ITV

text: showed

text: the

text: competition

text: exclusively

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: with

text: between

text: three

text: and

text: four

text: matches

text: per

text: round

text: all

text: quarter

text: finals

text: semi

text: finals

text: and

text: final

text: live

text: as

text: the

text: FA

text: could

text: not

text: find

text: a

text: pay

text: TV

text: broadcaster

text: in

text: time

text: ESPN

text: bought

text: the

text: competition

text: for

text: the

text: to

text: season

text: and

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: Rebecca

text: Lowe

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: in

text: the

text: UK

question: Who had FA cup coverage from 1988-1997?

answer: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup

text: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup

question: How are the games broadcast now?

answer: , FA Cup matches are shown live by ITV across England and Wales, with UTV broadcasting to Northern Ireland

text: , FA Cup matches are shown live by ITV across England and Wales, with UTV broadcasting to Northern Ireland

question: Does anyone refuse to show them?

answer: STV refusing to show them

text: STV refusing to show them

question: Has a woman ever broadcast a match?

answer: Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK.

text: Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK.

question: What year did rebecca host the match?

answer: for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season

text: for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season

question: What network has never covered the FA Cup?

text: the BBC

question: What networks refused to share live coverage with each other?

text: ITV and Sky

question: What network has never refused to show a match?

text: STV

question: What network only broadcasts outside of Scotland?

text: Setanta Sports

question: Who was the last woman to host the FA Cup Final?

text: Rebecca Lowe


text: The Strumica Carnival (Macedonian: Струмички Карневал, translated Strumichki Karneval) has been held since at least 1670, when the Turkish author Evlija Chelebija wrote while staying there, "I came into a town located in the foothills of a high hillock and what I saw that night was masked people running house–to–house, with laughter, scream and song." The Carnival took an organized form in 1991; in 1994, Strumica became a member of FECC and in 1998 hosted the XVIII International Congress of Carnival Cities. The Strumica Carnival opens on a Saturday night at a masked ball where the Prince and Princess are chosen; the main Carnival night is on Tuesday, when masked participants (including groups from abroad) compete in various subjects. As of 2000, the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms has been held as part of Strumica's Carnival celebrations.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: The

text: Strumica

text: Carnival

text: Macedonian

text: Струмички

text: Карневал

text: translated

text: Strumichki

text: Karneval

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: when

text: the

text: Turkish

text: author

text: Evlija

text: Chelebija

text: wrote

text: while

text: staying

text: there

text: I

text: came

text: into

text: a

text: town

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: hillock

text: and

text: what

text: I

text: saw

text: that

text: night

text: was

text: masked

text: people

text: running

text: house

text: to

text: house

text: with

text: laughter

text: scream

text: and

text: song

text: The

text: Carnival

text: took

text: an

text: organized

text: form

text: in

text: in

text: Strumica

text: became

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: FECC

text: and

text: in

text: hosted

text: the

text: XVIII

text: International

text: Congress

text: of

text: Carnival

text: Cities

text: The

text: Strumica

text: Carnival

text: opens

text: on

text: a

text: Saturday

text: night

text: at

text: a

text: masked

text: ball

text: where

text: the

text: Prince

text: and

text: Princess

text: are

text: chosen

text: the

text: main

text: Carnival

text: night

text: is

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: when

text: masked

text: participants

text: including

text: groups

text: from

text: abroad

text: compete

text: in

text: various

text: subjects

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Festival

text: of

text: Caricatures

text: and

text: Aphorisms

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Strumica

text: 's

text: Carnival

text: celebrations

question: How long has the Strumica Carnival been going on?

answer: since at least 1670

text: since at least 1670

question: What nationality was Evlija Chelebija?

answer: Turkish

text: Turkish

question: Who ran from house to house, laughing, screaming, and singing?

answer: masked people

text: masked people

question: What day is the main Carnival Night observed on?

answer: Tuesday

text: Tuesday

question: What year was the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms added to Strumica's Carnival celebrations?

answer: 2000


text: The standard SNES controller adds two additional face buttons (X and Y) to the design of the NES iteration, arranging the four in a diamond shape, and introduces two shoulder buttons. It also features an ergonomic design by Lance Barr, later used for the NES-102 model controllers, also designed by Barr. The Japanese and PAL region versions incorporate the colors of the four action buttons into system's logo. The North American version's buttons are colored to match the redesigned console; the X and Y buttons are lavender with concave faces, and the A and B buttons are purple with convex faces. Several later consoles derive elements of their controller design from the SNES, including the PlayStation, Dreamcast, Xbox, and Wii Classic Controller.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: standard

text: SNES

text: controller

text: adds

text: two

text: additional

text: face

text: buttons

text: X

text: and

text: Y

text: to

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: NES

text: iteration

text: arranging

text: the

text: four

text: in

text: a

text: diamond

text: shape

text: and

text: introduces

text: two

text: shoulder

text: buttons

text: It

text: also

text: features

text: an

text: ergonomic

text: design

text: by

text: Lance

text: Barr

text: later

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: model

text: controllers

text: also

text: designed

text: by

text: Barr

text: The

text: Japanese

text: and

text: PAL

text: region

text: versions

text: incorporate

text: the

text: colors

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: action

text: buttons

text: into

text: system

text: 's

text: logo

text: The

text: North

text: American

text: version

text: 's

text: buttons

text: are

text: colored

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: redesigned

text: console

text: the

text: X

text: and

text: Y

text: buttons

text: are

text: lavender

text: with

text: concave

text: faces

text: and

text: the

text: A

text: and

text: B

text: buttons

text: are

text: purple

text: with

text: convex

text: faces

text: Several

text: later

text: consoles

text: derive

text: elements

text: of

text: their

text: controller

text: design

text: from

text: the

text: SNES

text: including

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Dreamcast

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Wii

text: Classic

text: Controller

question: What face buttons do SNES controllers have that NES controllers didn't?

answer: X and Y

text: X and Y

question: How many shoulder buttons do SNES controllers have?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who designed the SNES controllers?

answer: Lance Barr

text: Lance Barr

question: What color are the US SNES controllers' X and Y buttons?

answer: lavender

text: lavender

question: What color are the US SNES controllers' A and B buttons?

answer: purple

text: purple

question: What face buttons do NES controllers have that aren't on the SNES controllers?

text: (X and Y)

question: What was also designed by Dreamcast?

text: NES-102 model controllers

question: What consoles controller designs are inspired by the Japanese system logo?

question: What color are the shoulder buttons X and Y in Japan?

text: lavender

question: How many shoulder buttons are incorporated into the Japanese system logo?

text: four


text: Architectural classicism is heavily represented in all districts of the city, particularly in Downtown, the Fan, and the Museum District. Several notable classical architects have designed buildings in Richmond. The Virginia State Capitol was designed by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in 1785. It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (after Maryland's) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, D.C. Robert Mills designed Monumental Church on Broad Street. Adjoining it is the 1845 Egyptian Building, one of the few Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Architectural

text: classicism

text: is

text: heavily

text: represented

text: in

text: all

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: particularly

text: in

text: Downtown

text: the

text: Fan

text: and

text: the

text: Museum

text: District

text: Several

text: notable

text: classical

text: architects

text: have

text: designed

text: buildings

text: in

text: Richmond

text: The

text: Virginia

text: State

text: Capitol

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: and

text: Charles

text: Louis

text: Clérisseau

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: oldest

text: US

text: statehouse

text: in

text: continuous

text: use

text: after

text: Maryland

text: 's

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: US

text: government

text: building

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: neo

text: classical

text: style

text: of

text: architecture

text: setting

text: the

text: trend

text: for

text: other

text: state

text: houses

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: buildings

text: including

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: and

text: The

text: Capitol

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Robert

text: Mills

text: designed

text: Monumental

text: Church

text: on

text: Broad

text: Street

text: Adjoining

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Building

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: Egyptian

text: Revival

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What state has the oldest capital building used continuously since it was built?

answer: Maryland

text: Maryland

question: What architectural style was used to design the Virginia State Capitol?

answer: neo-classical

text: neo-classical

question: What notable federal government buildings were designed in the neoclassical style?

answer: White House and The Capitol

text: White House and The Capitol

question: What is the architectural style of the 1845 Egyptian Building?

answer: Egyptian Revival

text: Egyptian Revival

question: Who were the designers of the Virginia State Capitol?

answer: Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau

text: Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau


text: The GSM Association (GSMA) followed suit on 17 February 2009, and on 22 April 2009, this was further endorsed by the CTIA – The Wireless Association, with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announcing on 22 October 2009 that it had also embraced the Universal Charging Solution as its "energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution," and added: "Based on the Micro-USB interface, UCS chargers will also include a 4-star or higher efficiency rating—up to three times more energy-efficient than an unrated charger."

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: GSM

text: Association

text: GSMA

text: followed

text: suit

text: on

text: February

text: and

text: on

text: April

text: this

text: was

text: further

text: endorsed

text: by

text: the

text: CTIA

text: The

text: Wireless

text: Association

text: with

text: the

text: International

text: Telecommunication

text: Union

text: ITU

text: announcing

text: on

text: October

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: also

text: embraced

text: the

text: Universal

text: Charging

text: Solution

text: as

text: its

text: energy

text: efficient

text: one

text: charger

text: fits

text: all

text: new

text: mobile

text: phone

text: solution

text: and

text: added

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: Micro

text: USB

text: interface

text: UCS

text: chargers

text: will

text: also

text: include

text: a

text: or

text: higher

text: efficiency

text: rating

text: up

text: to

text: three

text: times

text: more

text: energy

text: efficient

text: than

text: an

text: unrated

text: charger

question: When did the GSM Association follow suit?

answer: 17 February 2009

text: 17 February 2009

question: When was this further endorsed by the CTIA?

answer: 22 April 2009

text: 22 April 2009

question: UCS chargers will also include what?

answer: a 4-star or higher efficiency rating

text: a 4-star or higher efficiency rating


text: Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to western Europe for him, and on 2 November 1830, he set out, in the words of Zdzisław Jachimecki, "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever." With Woyciechowski, he headed for Austria, intending to go on to Italy. Later that month, in Warsaw, the November 1830 Uprising broke out, and Woyciechowski returned to Poland to enlist. Chopin, now alone in Vienna, was nostalgic for his homeland, and wrote to a friend, "I curse the moment of my departure." When in September 1831 he learned, while travelling from Vienna to Paris, that the uprising had been crushed, he expressed his anguish in the pages of his private journal: "Oh God! ... You are there, and yet you do not take vengeance!" Jachimecki ascribes to these events the composer's maturing "into an inspired national bard who intuited the past, present and future of his native Poland."

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: successes

text: as

text: a

text: composer

text: and

text: performer

text: opened

text: the

text: door

text: to

text: western

text: Europe

text: for

text: him

text: and

text: on

text: November

text: he

text: set

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: Zdzisław

text: Jachimecki

text: into

text: the

text: wide

text: world

text: with

text: no

text: very

text: clearly

text: defined

text: aim

text: forever

text: With

text: Woyciechowski

text: he

text: headed

text: for

text: Austria

text: intending

text: to

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: Italy

text: Later

text: that

text: month

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: the

text: November

text: Uprising

text: broke

text: out

text: and

text: Woyciechowski

text: returned

text: to

text: Poland

text: to

text: enlist

text: Chopin

text: now

text: alone

text: in

text: Vienna

text: was

text: nostalgic

text: for

text: his

text: homeland

text: and

text: wrote

text: to

text: a

text: friend

text: I

text: curse

text: the

text: moment

text: of

text: my

text: departure

text: When

text: in

text: September

text: he

text: learned

text: while

text: travelling

text: from

text: Vienna

text: to

text: Paris

text: that

text: the

text: uprising

text: had

text: been

text: crushed

text: he

text: expressed

text: his

text: anguish

text: in

text: the

text: pages

text: of

text: his

text: private

text: journal

text: Oh

text: God

text: You

text: are

text: there

text: and

text: yet

text: you

text: do

text: not

text: take

text: vengeance

text: Jachimecki

text: ascribes

text: to

text: these

text: events

text: the

text: composer

text: 's

text: maturing

text: into

text: an

text: inspired

text: national

text: bard

text: who

text: intuited

text: the

text: past

text: present

text: and

text: future

text: of

text: his

text: native

text: Poland

question: On what date did Frédéric begin his journey into Western Europe?

answer: 2 November 1830

text: 2 November 1830

question: Which country did Frédéric go to first after setting out for Western Europe?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: In what year did his companion Woyciechowski depart to Poland to enlist for the uprising in Warsaw?

answer: 1830

question: What historian commented that the events involving Frédéric's friend in Poland contributed to his maturing?

answer: Zdzisław Jachimecki

text: Zdzisław Jachimecki

question: Who said that Chopin set out "into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever?"

answer: Zdzisław Jachimecki

text: Zdzisław Jachimecki

question: Who did Chopin leave for Austria with?

answer: Woyciechowski

text: Woyciechowski

question: Where did Chopin intend to go after Austria?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Woyciechowski left Chopin to enlist in what?

answer: the November 1830 Uprising

text: the November 1830 Uprising

question: What geographicla region was opened for Chopin due to his composing and performances?

answer: western Europe

text: western Europe

question: When Chopin started to take his music to the world, what is the last name of the person who went with him to Austria?

answer: Woyciechowski

text: Woyciechowski

question: What year did the uprising begin in Warsaw?

answer: 1830

question: What were the words Chopin wrote to a friend when he was alone and homesick?

answer: "I curse the moment of my departure."

text: "I curse the moment of my departure."

question: What year did Chopin learn that the uprising in Warsaw was crushed?

answer: 1831


text: While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of the College at 70, including 50 cardinal priests, about twice the historical number. This limit was respected until 1958, and the list of titular churches modified only on rare occasions, generally when a building fell into disrepair. When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began to add new churches to the list, which Popes Paul VI and John Paul II continued to do. Today there are close to 150 titular churches, out of over 300 churches in Rome.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: While

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cardinals

text: was

text: small

text: from

text: the

text: times

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: frequently

text: smaller

text: than

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: recognized

text: churches

text: entitled

text: to

text: a

text: cardinal

text: priest

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: College

text: expanded

text: markedly

text: In

text: Pope

text: Sixtus

text: V

text: sought

text: to

text: arrest

text: this

text: growth

text: by

text: fixing

text: the

text: maximum

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: at

text: including

text: cardinal

text: priests

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: historical

text: number

text: This

text: limit

text: was

text: respected

text: until

text: and

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: titular

text: churches

text: modified

text: only

text: on

text: rare

text: occasions

text: generally

text: when

text: a

text: building

text: fell

text: into

text: disrepair

text: When

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: abolished

text: the

text: limit

text: he

text: began

text: to

text: add

text: new

text: churches

text: to

text: the

text: list

text: which

text: Popes

text: Paul

text: VI

text: and

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: continued

text: to

text: do

text: Today

text: there

text: are

text: close

text: to

text: titular

text: churches

text: out

text: of

text: over

text: churches

text: in

text: Rome

question: In what year did Pope Sixtus V put a cap on the number of cardinals in the College of Cardinals?

answer: 1587

question: What was the maximum number allowed per Pope Sixtus V?

answer: 70

question: Who removed the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals?

answer: Pope John XXIII

text: Pope John XXIII

question: Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance?

text: cardinals

question: What happened to the College of the Cardinals in the 3rd century?

text: expanded markedly

question: Who sought to cap the number of the College at 50?

text: Pope Sixtus V

question: Who upheld the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals?

text: Pope John XXIII


text: There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals. A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes. The next week, Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: There

text: were

text: finalists

text: this

text: season

text: but

text: two

text: were

text: eliminated

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: result

text: show

text: of

text: the

text: finals

text: A

text: new

text: feature

text: introduced

text: was

text: the

text: Judges

text: Save

text: and

text: Matt

text: Giraud

text: was

text: saved

text: from

text: elimination

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: seven

text: by

text: the

text: judges

text: when

text: he

text: received

text: the

text: fewest

text: votes

text: The

text: next

text: week

text: Lil

text: Rounds

text: and

text: Anoop

text: Desai

text: were

text: eliminated

question: How many finalists were there on season eight of American Idol?

answer: 13

question: Who was the first contestant to benefit from the Judges Save?

answer: Matt Giraud

text: Matt Giraud

question: How many contestants were eliminated during the first week after the judges save?

answer: two

text: two

question: How many contestants were sent home during the first week of finals?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who was sent home the week after the judges saved Matt Giraud?

answer: Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai

text: Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai

question: How many finalists were on this season?

answer: 13

question: How many finalists were eliminated during the first results show?

answer: two

text: two

question: Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save?

answer: Matt Giraud

text: Matt Giraud


text: The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889. A city charter was re-established in 1889 and today's city charter was adopted in 1931.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: was

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: That

text: same

text: year

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: designated

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: San

text: Diego

text: County

text: and

text: was

text: incorporated

text: as

text: a

text: city

text: Joshua

text: H.

text: Bean

text: the

text: last

text: alcalde

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: elected

text: the

text: first

text: mayor

text: Two

text: years

text: later

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: bankrupt

text: the

text: California

text: legislature

text: revoked

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: charter

text: and

text: placed

text: it

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: a

text: board

text: of

text: trustees

text: where

text: it

text: remained

text: until

text: A

text: city

text: charter

text: was

text: re

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: today

text: 's

text: city

text: charter

text: was

text: adopted

text: in

question: In what year did San Diego officially become a city?

answer: 1850

question: Who was San Diego's first mayor?

answer: Joshua H. Bean

text: Joshua H. Bean

question: What happened two years after San Diego elected it's first mayor?

answer: the city was bankrupt

text: the city was bankrupt

question: Who controlled San Diego's charter for 2 years after it was revoked by California legislature?

answer: a board of trustees

text: a board of trustees

question: When was San Diego's current charter adopted?

answer: 1931

question: In what year did San Francisco officially become a city?

question: Who was San Diego's last mayor?

text: Joshua H. Bean

question: What happened two years after San Diego elected it's last mayor?

text: the city was bankrupt

question: Who controlled San Diego's charter for 4 years after it was revoked by California legislature?

text: a board of trustees

question: When was San Francisco's current charter adopted?