text: Baronial unrest in England prevented the departure of the planned 1205 expedition, and only a smaller force under William Longespée deployed to Poitou. In 1206 John departed for Poitou himself, but was forced to divert south to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile. After a successful campaign against Alfonso, John headed north again, taking the city of Angers. Philip moved south to meet John; the year's campaigning ended in stalemate and a two-year truce was made between the two rulers.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Baronial

text: unrest

text: in

text: England

text: prevented

text: the

text: departure

text: of

text: the

text: planned

text: expedition

text: and

text: only

text: a

text: smaller

text: force

text: under

text: William

text: Longespée

text: deployed

text: to

text: Poitou

text: In

text: John

text: departed

text: for

text: Poitou

text: himself

text: but

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: divert

text: south

text: to

text: counter

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: Gascony

text: from

text: Alfonso

text: VIII

text: of

text: Castile

text: After

text: a

text: successful

text: campaign

text: against

text: Alfonso

text: John

text: headed

text: north

text: again

text: taking

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Angers

text: Philip

text: moved

text: south

text: to

text: meet

text: John

text: the

text: year

text: 's

text: campaigning

text: ended

text: in

text: stalemate

text: and

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: truce

text: was

text: made

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: rulers

question: What prevented the departure of the planned 1205 expedition?

answer: Baronial unrest in England

text: Baronial unrest in England

question: When did Poitou depart?

answer: 1206

question: Why did John divert south?

answer: to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile

text: to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile

question: Why did Philip move south?

answer: to meet John

text: to meet John


text: The fossil record suggests that the last few million years featured the greatest biodiversity in history. However, not all scientists support this view, since there is uncertainty as to how strongly the fossil record is biased by the greater availability and preservation of recent geologic sections. Some scientists believe that corrected for sampling artifacts, modern biodiversity may not be much different from biodiversity 300 million years ago., whereas others consider the fossil record reasonably reflective of the diversification of life. Estimates of the present global macroscopic species diversity vary from 2 million to 100 million, with a best estimate of somewhere near 9 million, the vast majority arthropods. Diversity appears to increase continually in the absence of natural selection.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: The

text: fossil

text: record

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: last

text: few

text: million

text: years

text: featured

text: the

text: greatest

text: biodiversity

text: in

text: history

text: However

text: not

text: all

text: scientists

text: support

text: this

text: view

text: since

text: there

text: is

text: uncertainty

text: as

text: to

text: how

text: strongly

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: is

text: biased

text: by

text: the

text: greater

text: availability

text: and

text: preservation

text: of

text: recent

text: geologic

text: sections

text: Some

text: scientists

text: believe

text: that

text: corrected

text: for

text: sampling

text: artifacts

text: modern

text: biodiversity

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: much

text: different

text: from

text: biodiversity

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: whereas

text: others

text: consider

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: reasonably

text: reflective

text: of

text: the

text: diversification

text: of

text: life

text: Estimates

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: global

text: macroscopic

text: species

text: diversity

text: vary

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: with

text: a

text: best

text: estimate

text: of

text: somewhere

text: near

text: million

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: arthropods

text: Diversity

text: appears

text: to

text: increase

text: continually

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

question: What suggests that the last few million years featured the greatest biodiversity in history?

answer: The fossil record

text: The fossil record

question: Why are some scientists uncertain about the fossil record?

answer: how strongly the fossil record is biased by the greater availability and preservation of recent geologic sections.

text: how strongly the fossil record is biased by the greater availability and preservation of recent geologic sections.

question: What is the estimate variation of the present global macroscopic species diversity?

answer: from 2 million to 100 million

text: from 2 million to 100 million

question: What appears increase continually in the absence of natural selection?

answer: Diversity

text: Diversity

question: What suggests that the last few million years featured the greatest scientists in history?

text: The fossil record

question: Why are some scientists uncertain about the diversification of life?

question: What is the time estimate variation of the present global fossils?

text: 2 million to 100 million

question: What appears to increase continually in the absence of fossils?

text: Diversity

question: What do some scientists believe is not much different from biodiversity 900 million years ago?

text: modern biodiversity


text: Armenia is also a member of the Council of Europe, maintaining friendly relations with the European Union, especially with its member states such as France and Greece. A 2005 survey reported that 64% of Armenia's population would be in favor of joining the EU. Several Armenian officials have also expressed the desire for their country to eventually become an EU member state, some[who?] predicting that it will make an official bid for membership in a few years.[citation needed] In 2004 its forces joined KFOR, a NATO-led international force in Kosovo. It is also an observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Armenia

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Europe

text: maintaining

text: friendly

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: especially

text: with

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: France

text: and

text: Greece

text: A

text: survey

text: reported

text: that

text: of

text: Armenia

text: 's

text: population

text: would

text: be

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: joining

text: the

text: EU

text: Several

text: Armenian

text: officials

text: have

text: also

text: expressed

text: the

text: desire

text: for

text: their

text: country

text: to

text: eventually

text: become

text: an

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: some[who

text: predicting

text: that

text: it

text: will

text: make

text: an

text: official

text: bid

text: for

text: membership

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: years.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: its

text: forces

text: joined

text: KFOR

text: a

text: NATO

text: led

text: international

text: force

text: in

text: Kosovo

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: observer

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: Economic

text: Community

text: and

text: the

text: Non

text: Aligned

text: Movement

question: How many of Armenias inhabitants approve of becoming part of the EU?

answer: 64%

question: What is KFOR?

answer: a NATO-led international force in Kosovo

text: a NATO-led international force in Kosovo

question: What are some states join Armenia in the Council of Europe?

answer: France and Greece

text: France and Greece

question: When can the EU expect Armenia to attempt to join it?

answer: in a few years

text: in a few years


text: Reform of the liturgy had been a part of the liturgical movements in the 20th century mainly in France, and Germany which were officially recognized by Pius XII in his encyclical Mediator Dei. During the pontificate of Pius XII, the Vatican eased regulations on the use of Latin in Roman Catholic liturgies, permitting some use of vernacular languages during baptisms, funerals and other events. In 1951 and 1955, the Easter liturgies underwent revision, most notably including the reintroduction of the Easter Triduum. The Second Vatican Council made no changes to the Roman Missal, but in the document Sacrosanctum Concilium mandated that a general revision of it take place. After the Vatican Council, in April 1969, Paul VI approved the "new Order of Mass" promulgated in 1970, as stated in the Acta Apostolica Sedis to "end experimentation" with the Mass and which included the introduction of three new Eucharistic Prayers to what was up to then a single Roman Canon.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Reform

text: of

text: the

text: liturgy

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: liturgical

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: mainly

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Germany

text: which

text: were

text: officially

text: recognized

text: by

text: Pius

text: XII

text: in

text: his

text: encyclical

text: Mediator

text: Dei

text: During

text: the

text: pontificate

text: of

text: Pius

text: XII

text: the

text: Vatican

text: eased

text: regulations

text: on

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Latin

text: in

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: liturgies

text: permitting

text: some

text: use

text: of

text: vernacular

text: languages

text: during

text: baptisms

text: funerals

text: and

text: other

text: events

text: In

text: and

text: the

text: Easter

text: liturgies

text: underwent

text: revision

text: most

text: notably

text: including

text: the

text: reintroduction

text: of

text: the

text: Easter

text: Triduum

text: The

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: made

text: no

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: Roman

text: Missal

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: document

text: Sacrosanctum

text: Concilium

text: mandated

text: that

text: a

text: general

text: revision

text: of

text: it

text: take

text: place

text: After

text: the

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: in

text: April

text: Paul

text: VI

text: approved

text: the

text: new

text: Order

text: of

text: Mass

text: promulgated

text: in

text: as

text: stated

text: in

text: the

text: Acta

text: Apostolica

text: Sedis

text: to

text: end

text: experimentation

text: with

text: the

text: Mass

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: three

text: new

text: Eucharistic

text: Prayers

text: to

text: what

text: was

text: up

text: to

text: then

text: a

text: single

text: Roman

text: Canon

question: What language was traditionally used in Roman Catholic services?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What were revised between 1951 and 1955?

answer: Easter liturgies

text: Easter liturgies

question: What was re instated to the Easter liturgy by reform?

answer: Easter Triduum

text: Easter Triduum

question: What type of service did Paul Vi announce reformed in 1969?

answer: Mass

text: Mass

question: How many new prayers were included in the official mass reforms of 1969?

answer: three

text: three


text: While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: While

text: performing

text: as

text: a

text: backup

text: singer

text: and

text: dancer

text: for

text: the

text: French

text: disco

text: artist

text: Patrick

text: Hernandez

text: on

text: his

text: world

text: tour

text: Madonna

text: became

text: romantically

text: involved

text: with

text: musician

text: Dan

text: Gilroy

text: Together

text: they

text: formed

text: her

text: first

text: rock

text: band

text: the

text: Breakfast

text: Club

text: for

text: which

text: Madonna

text: sang

text: and

text: played

text: drums

text: and

text: guitar

text: In

text: or

text: she

text: left

text: Breakfast

text: Club

text: and

text: with

text: her

text: former

text: boyfriend

text: Stephen

text: Bray

text: as

text: drummer

text: formed

text: the

text: band

text: Emmy

text: The

text: two

text: began

text: writing

text: songs

text: together

text: and

text: Madonna

text: later

text: decided

text: to

text: market

text: herself

text: as

text: a

text: solo

text: act

text: Their

text: music

text: impressed

text: DJ

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: Mark

text: Kamins

text: who

text: arranged

text: a

text: meeting

text: between

text: Madonna

text: and

text: Sire

text: Records

text: founder

text: Seymour

text: Stein

question: Which year was Patrick Hernandez's world tour held?

answer: 1979

question: Who did Madonna started seeing when she worked as a back up singer/dancer during Patrick Hernandez's tour?

answer: Dan Gilroy

text: Dan Gilroy

question: What was the name of the band which Madonna and Dan Gilroy started?

answer: Breakfast Club

text: Breakfast Club

question: When did Madonna leave the Breakfast Club?

answer: 1980 or 1981

text: 1980 or 1981

question: After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with?

answer: Stephen Bray

text: Stephen Bray


text: The second approach to the problem took as its base the notion of class, and defines a set as a class which belongs to other classes, while a proper class is defined as a class which does not belong to other classes. Under the Zermelo–Fraenkel approach, the axioms impede the construction of a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves. In contrast, under the von Neumann approach, the class of all sets which do not belong to themselves can be constructed, but it is a proper class and not a set.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: The

text: second

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: problem

text: took

text: as

text: its

text: base

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: class

text: and

text: defines

text: a

text: set

text: as

text: a

text: class

text: which

text: belongs

text: to

text: other

text: classes

text: while

text: a

text: proper

text: class

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: class

text: which

text: does

text: not

text: belong

text: to

text: other

text: classes

text: Under

text: the

text: Zermelo

text: Fraenkel

text: approach

text: the

text: axioms

text: impede

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: all

text: sets

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: belong

text: to

text: themselves

text: In

text: contrast

text: under

text: the

text: von

text: Neumann

text: approach

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: all

text: sets

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: belong

text: to

text: themselves

text: can

text: be

text: constructed

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: proper

text: class

text: and

text: not

text: a

text: set

question: What is a proper class?

answer: a class which does not belong to other classes

text: a class which does not belong to other classes

question: Under what approach does an axiom impede a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves?

answer: Zermelo–Fraenkel

text: Zermelo–Fraenkel

question: Under Von Neumann's approach can a class of all sets that do not belong to themselves be constructed?

answer: class of all sets which do not belong to themselves can be constructed, but it is a proper class and not a set.

text: class of all sets which do not belong to themselves can be constructed, but it is a proper class and not a set.


text: In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: In

text: towns

text: which

text: expanded

text: greatly

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: landowners

text: turned

text: into

text: property

text: developers

text: and

text: rows

text: of

text: identical

text: terraced

text: houses

text: became

text: the

text: norm

text: Even

text: the

text: wealthy

text: were

text: persuaded

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: these

text: in

text: town

text: especially

text: if

text: provided

text: with

text: a

text: square

text: of

text: garden

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: There

text: was

text: an

text: enormous

text: amount

text: of

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: standards

text: of

text: construction

text: were

text: generally

text: high

text: Where

text: they

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: demolished

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: Georgian

text: buildings

text: have

text: survived

text: two

text: centuries

text: or

text: more

text: and

text: they

text: still

text: form

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: London

text: Edinburgh

text: Dublin

text: and

text: Bristol

question: During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?

answer: property developers

text: property developers

question: Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today?

answer: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol

text: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol

question: What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time?

answer: a square of garden

text: a square of garden

question: What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture?

answer: all over the English-speaking world

text: all over the English-speaking world

question: What quality were the buildings constructed during that time?

answer: generally high

text: generally high

question: Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period?

text: property developers

question: During what period did rows of unique terraced houses become the norm?

text: Georgian

question: Where were the wealthy and poor persuaded to live?

text: rows of identical terraced houses

question: In what part of the world was there moderate amount of building

text: English-speaking world

question: Why did so few Georgian buildings survived for two centuries or more?


text: These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste. Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: These

text: processes

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: in

text: biological

text: responses

text: to

text: pollution

text: for

text: example

text: sulfate

text: reducing

text: bacteria

text: are

text: largely

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: highly

text: toxic

text: forms

text: of

text: mercury

text: methyl-

text: and

text: dimethylmercury

text: in

text: the

text: environment

text: Non

text: respiratory

text: anaerobes

text: use

text: fermentation

text: to

text: generate

text: energy

text: and

text: reducing

text: power

text: secreting

text: metabolic

text: by

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: ethanol

text: in

text: brewing

text: as

text: waste

text: Facultative

text: anaerobes

text: can

text: switch

text: between

text: fermentation

text: and

text: different

text: terminal

text: electron

text: acceptors

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: environmental

text: conditions

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: find

text: themselves

question: What is sulfate-reducing bacteria accountable for?

answer: the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury

text: the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury

question: What is the by-product of non-repiratory anaerobes?

answer: ethanol

text: ethanol

question: How can anaerobes adjust to the surrounding environment?

answer: can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors

text: can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors


text: In some species, both parents care for nestlings and fledglings; in others, such care is the responsibility of only one sex. In some species, other members of the same species—usually close relatives of the breeding pair, such as offspring from previous broods—will help with the raising of the young. Such alloparenting is particularly common among the Corvida, which includes such birds as the true crows, Australian magpie and fairy-wrens, but has been observed in species as different as the rifleman and red kite. Among most groups of animals, male parental care is rare. In birds, however, it is quite common—more so than in any other vertebrate class. Though territory and nest site defence, incubation, and chick feeding are often shared tasks, there is sometimes a division of labour in which one mate undertakes all or most of a particular duty.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: In

text: some

text: species

text: both

text: parents

text: care

text: for

text: nestlings

text: and

text: fledglings

text: in

text: others

text: such

text: care

text: is

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: only

text: one

text: sex

text: In

text: some

text: species

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: usually

text: close

text: relatives

text: of

text: the

text: breeding

text: pair

text: such

text: as

text: offspring

text: from

text: previous

text: broods

text: will

text: help

text: with

text: the

text: raising

text: of

text: the

text: young

text: Such

text: alloparenting

text: is

text: particularly

text: common

text: among

text: the

text: Corvida

text: which

text: includes

text: such

text: birds

text: as

text: the

text: true

text: crows

text: Australian

text: magpie

text: and

text: fairy

text: wrens

text: but

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: in

text: species

text: as

text: different

text: as

text: the

text: rifleman

text: and

text: red

text: kite

text: Among

text: most

text: groups

text: of

text: animals

text: male

text: parental

text: care

text: is

text: rare

text: In

text: birds

text: however

text: it

text: is

text: quite

text: common

text: more

text: so

text: than

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: vertebrate

text: class

text: Though

text: territory

text: and

text: nest

text: site

text: defence

text: incubation

text: and

text: chick

text: feeding

text: are

text: often

text: shared

text: tasks

text: there

text: is

text: sometimes

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: labour

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: mate

text: undertakes

text: all

text: or

text: most

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: duty

question: Alloparenting is particulary common with what species?

answer: Corvida

text: Corvida

question: True crows belong to what group?

answer: Corvida

text: Corvida

question: What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class?

answer: male parental care

text: male parental care


text: Following Die Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS. It included photography from a photo shoot in W magazine, and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May in New York's Deitch Projects gallery. It traveled the world in an edited form. The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society; it received mixed reviews. She commented, "[American Life] was like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me." Larry Flick from The Advocate felt that "American Life is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent" while condemning it as "a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously." The title song peaked at number 37 on the Hot 100. Its original music video was canceled as Madonna thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. With four million copies sold worldwide, American Life was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Following

text: Die

text: Another

text: Day

text: Madonna

text: collaborated

text: with

text: fashion

text: photographer

text: Steven

text: Klein

text: in

text: for

text: an

text: exhibition

text: installation

text: named

text: X

text: STaTIC

text: Pro

text: CeSS

text: It

text: included

text: photography

text: from

text: a

text: photo

text: shoot

text: in

text: W

text: magazine

text: and

text: seven

text: video

text: segments

text: The

text: installation

text: ran

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: May

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Deitch

text: Projects

text: gallery

text: It

text: traveled

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: an

text: edited

text: form

text: The

text: same

text: year

text: Madonna

text: released

text: her

text: ninth

text: studio

text: album

text: American

text: Life

text: which

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: her

text: observations

text: of

text: American

text: society

text: it

text: received

text: mixed

text: reviews

text: She

text: commented

text: American

text: Life

text: was

text: like

text: a

text: trip

text: down

text: memory

text: lane

text: looking

text: back

text: at

text: everything

text: I

text: 've

text: accomplished

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: things

text: I

text: once

text: valued

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: things

text: that

text: were

text: important

text: to

text: me

text: Larry

text: Flick

text: from

text: The

text: Advocate

text: felt

text: that

text: American

text: Life

text: is

text: an

text: album

text: that

text: is

text: among

text: her

text: most

text: adventurous

text: and

text: lyrically

text: intelligent

text: while

text: condemning

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: lazy

text: half

text: arsed

text: effort

text: to

text: sound

text: and

text: take

text: her

text: seriously

text: The

text: title

text: song

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Hot

text: Its

text: original

text: music

text: video

text: was

text: canceled

text: as

text: Madonna

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: video

text: featuring

text: violence

text: and

text: war

text: imagery

text: would

text: be

text: deemed

text: unpatriotic

text: since

text: America

text: was

text: then

text: at

text: war

text: with

text: Iraq

text: With

text: four

text: million

text: copies

text: sold

text: worldwide

text: American

text: Life

text: was

text: the

text: lowest

text: selling

text: album

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: at

text: that

text: point

question: What is the name of the exhibition installation that Madonna teamed up with fashion photographer Chris Klein called?

answer: X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS

text: X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS

question: What was Madonna's ninth album called?

answer: American Life

text: American Life

question: When was American Life released?

answer: 2003

question: American Life reached which number at the Hot 100?

answer: 37

question: How many copies did the album sell worldwide?

answer: four million

text: four million


text: In addition to the true folded mountains, known as the ridge and valley province, the area of dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains is usually grouped with the Appalachians. This includes the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the Poconos in Pennsylvania, and the Allegheny Plateau of southwestern New York, western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and northern West Virginia. This same plateau is known as the Cumberland Plateau in southern West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and northern Alabama.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: true

text: folded

text: mountains

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: ridge

text: and

text: valley

text: province

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: dissected

text: plateau

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: is

text: usually

text: grouped

text: with

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: This

text: includes

text: the

text: Catskill

text: Mountains

text: of

text: southeastern

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: Poconos

text: in

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: Plateau

text: of

text: southwestern

text: New

text: York

text: western

text: Pennsylvania

text: eastern

text: Ohio

text: and

text: northern

text: West

text: Virginia

text: This

text: same

text: plateau

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cumberland

text: Plateau

text: in

text: southern

text: West

text: Virginia

text: eastern

text: Kentucky

text: western

text: Virginia

text: eastern

text: Tennessee

text: and

text: northern

text: Alabama

question: What area is usually grouped with the Appalachians?

answer: dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains

text: dissected plateau to the north and west of the mountains

question: What mountains does that region include?

answer: Catskill Mountains

text: Catskill Mountains

question: What is the plateau known as in West Virginia?

answer: Cumberland Plateau

text: Cumberland Plateau

question: Where are the true folded mountains located?

text: to the north and west of the mountains

question: What is the name of the plateau in southeastern and southwestern New York?

text: the Allegheny Plateau

question: What is the name of the plateau that is not the Allegheny?

text: Cumberland Plateau

question: What is to the north and west of the plateau?

text: true folded mountains


text: In late 1975, Queen recorded and released A Night at the Opera, taking its name from the popular Marx Brothers movie. At the time, it was the most expensive album ever produced. Like its predecessor, the album features diverse musical styles and experimentation with stereo sound. In "The Prophet's Song", an eight-minute epic, the middle section is a canon, with simple phrases layered to create a full-choral sound. The Mercury penned ballad, "Love of My Life", featured a harp and overdubbed vocal harmonies. The album was very successful in Britain, and went triple platinum in the United States. The British public voted it the 13th greatest album of all time in a 2004 Channel 4 poll. It has also ranked highly in international polls; in a worldwide Guinness poll, it was voted the 19th greatest of all time, while an ABC poll saw the Australian public vote it the 28th greatest of all time. A Night at the Opera has frequently appeared in "greatest albums" lists reflecting the opinions of critics. Among other accolades, it was ranked number 16 in Q Magazine's "The 50 Best British Albums Ever" in 2004, and number 11 in Rolling Stone's "The 100 Greatest Albums of All Time" as featured in their Mexican edition in 2004. It was also placed at No. 230 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time" in 2003. A Night at the Opera is the third and final Queen album to be featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: In

text: late

text: Queen

text: recorded

text: and

text: released

text: A

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Opera

text: taking

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: popular

text: Marx

text: Brothers

text: movie

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: album

text: ever

text: produced

text: Like

text: its

text: predecessor

text: the

text: album

text: features

text: diverse

text: musical

text: styles

text: and

text: experimentation

text: with

text: stereo

text: sound

text: In

text: The

text: Prophet

text: 's

text: Song

text: an

text: eight

text: minute

text: epic

text: the

text: middle

text: section

text: is

text: a

text: canon

text: with

text: simple

text: phrases

text: layered

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: full

text: choral

text: sound

text: The

text: Mercury

text: penned

text: ballad

text: Love

text: of

text: My

text: Life

text: featured

text: a

text: harp

text: and

text: overdubbed

text: vocal

text: harmonies

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: very

text: successful

text: in

text: Britain

text: and

text: went

text: triple

text: platinum

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: British

text: public

text: voted

text: it

text: the

text: greatest

text: album

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: a

text: Channel

text: poll

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: ranked

text: highly

text: in

text: international

text: polls

text: in

text: a

text: worldwide

text: Guinness

text: poll

text: it

text: was

text: voted

text: the

text: greatest

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: while

text: an

text: ABC

text: poll

text: saw

text: the

text: Australian

text: public

text: vote

text: it

text: the

text: greatest

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: A

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Opera

text: has

text: frequently

text: appeared

text: in

text: greatest

text: albums

text: lists

text: reflecting

text: the

text: opinions

text: of

text: critics

text: Among

text: other

text: accolades

text: it

text: was

text: ranked

text: number

text: in

text: Q

text: Magazine

text: 's

text: The

text: Best

text: British

text: Albums

text: Ever

text: in

text: and

text: number

text: in

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: 's

text: The

text: Greatest

text: Albums

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: as

text: featured

text: in

text: their

text: Mexican

text: edition

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: placed

text: at

text: No

text: on

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: magazine

text: 's

text: list

text: of

text: The

text: Greatest

text: Albums

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: in

text: A

text: Night

text: at

text: the

text: Opera

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: and

text: final

text: Queen

text: album

text: to

text: be

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Albums

text: You

text: Must

text: Hear

text: Before

text: You

text: Die

question: Which Queen album was released in 1975?

answer: A Night at the Opera

text: A Night at the Opera

question: Queen's 1975 album took it's name from a movie from which comedy act?

answer: Marx Brothers

text: Marx Brothers

question: How long was Queen's The Prophet's Song?

answer: eight-minute

text: eight-minute

question: Which Queen ballad featured a harp and overdubbed harmonies?

answer: Love of My Life

text: Love of My Life


text: The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemployment rate had reached 10.2% – a 23-year record high. In December 2009, ratings agency Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt. In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: poor

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: economy

text: was

text: explored

text: in

text: April

text: by

text: The

text: Economist

text: which

text: described

text: Portugal

text: as

text: a

text: new

text: sick

text: man

text: of

text: Europe

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: unemployed

text: increased

text: by

text: unemployed

text: citizens

text: in

text: unemployed

text: citizens

text: in

text: By

text: early

text: December

text: the

text: unemployment

text: rate

text: had

text: reached

text: a

text: record

text: high

text: In

text: December

text: ratings

text: agency

text: Standard

text: Poor

text: 's

text: lowered

text: its

text: long

text: term

text: credit

text: assessment

text: of

text: Portugal

text: to

text: negative

text: from

text: stable

text: voicing

text: pessimism

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: structural

text: weaknesses

text: in

text: the

text: economy

text: and

text: weak

text: competitiveness

text: that

text: would

text: hamper

text: growth

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: strengthen

text: its

text: public

text: finances

text: and

text: reduce

text: debt

text: In

text: July

text: ratings

text: agency

text: Moody

text: 's

text: downgraded

text: its

text: long

text: term

text: credit

text: assessment

text: of

text: Portugal

text: after

text: warning

text: of

text: deteriorating

text: risk

text: of

text: default

text: in

text: March

question: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?"

answer: The Economist

text: The Economist

question: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?

answer: 65%

question: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009?

answer: 10.2%

question: In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment?

answer: negative

text: negative

question: In which year did Moody's downgrade Portugal's long-term credit assessment?

answer: 2011


text: Greece played a peripheral role in the war. When Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1853, King Otto of Greece saw an opportunity to expand North and South into Ottoman areas that had large Greek Christian majorities. However, Greece did not coordinate its plans with Russia, did not declare war, and received no outside military or financial support. Greece, an Orthodox nation, had considerable support in Russia, but the Russian government decided it was too dangerous to help Greece expand its holdings.:32–40 When the Russians invaded the Principalities, the Ottoman forces were tied down so Greece invaded Thessaly and Epirus. To block further Greek moves, the British and French occupied the main Greek port at Piraeus from April 1854 to February 1857, and effectively neutralized the Greek army. Greeks, gambling on a Russian victory, incited the large-scale Epirus Revolt of 1854 as well as uprisings in Crete. The insurrections were failures that were easily crushed by the Ottoman army. Greece was not invited to the peace conference and made no gains out of the war.:139 The frustrated Greek leadership blamed the King for failing to take advantage of the situation; his popularity plunged and he was later forced to abdicate.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Greece

text: played

text: a

text: peripheral

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: When

text: Russia

text: attacked

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: King

text: Otto

text: of

text: Greece

text: saw

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: expand

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: into

text: Ottoman

text: areas

text: that

text: had

text: large

text: Greek

text: Christian

text: majorities

text: However

text: Greece

text: did

text: not

text: coordinate

text: its

text: plans

text: with

text: Russia

text: did

text: not

text: declare

text: war

text: and

text: received

text: no

text: outside

text: military

text: or

text: financial

text: support

text: Greece

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: nation

text: had

text: considerable

text: support

text: in

text: Russia

text: but

text: the

text: Russian

text: government

text: decided

text: it

text: was

text: too

text: dangerous

text: to

text: help

text: Greece

text: expand

text: its

text: When

text: the

text: Russians

text: invaded

text: the

text: Principalities

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: forces

text: were

text: tied

text: down

text: so

text: Greece

text: invaded

text: Thessaly

text: and

text: Epirus

text: To

text: block

text: further

text: Greek

text: moves

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: occupied

text: the

text: main

text: Greek

text: port

text: at

text: Piraeus

text: from

text: April

text: to

text: February

text: and

text: effectively

text: neutralized

text: the

text: Greek

text: army

text: Greeks

text: gambling

text: on

text: a

text: Russian

text: victory

text: incited

text: the

text: large

text: scale

text: Epirus

text: Revolt

text: of

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: uprisings

text: in

text: Crete

text: The

text: insurrections

text: were

text: failures

text: that

text: were

text: easily

text: crushed

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: army

text: Greece

text: was

text: not

text: invited

text: to

text: the

text: peace

text: conference

text: and

text: made

text: no

text: gains

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: The

text: frustrated

text: Greek

text: leadership

text: blamed

text: the

text: King

text: for

text: failing

text: to

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: his

text: popularity

text: plunged

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: later

text: forced

text: to

text: abdicate

question: When Russia attacked the Ottoman Empire who glimpsed an opportunity to advance North and South?

answer: King Otto of Greece

text: King Otto of Greece

question: When the Ottoman forces were busy, who did Greece invade?

answer: Thessaly and Epirus

text: Thessaly and Epirus

question: From April 1854 to February 1857, what port did the British and French lock down?

answer: Greek port at Piraeus

text: Greek port at Piraeus

question: In what year did the Epirus Revolt take place?

answer: 1854

question: Who stirred up the Epirus Revolt of 1854?

answer: Greeks

text: Greeks


text: Some species, including frigatebirds, gulls, and skuas, engage in kleptoparasitism, stealing food items from other birds. Kleptoparasitism is thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any species' diet; a study of great frigatebirds stealing from masked boobies estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%. Other birds are scavengers; some of these, like vultures, are specialised carrion eaters, while others, like gulls, corvids, or other birds of prey, are opportunists.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Some

text: species

text: including

text: frigatebirds

text: gulls

text: and

text: skuas

text: engage

text: in

text: kleptoparasitism

text: stealing

text: food

text: items

text: from

text: other

text: birds

text: Kleptoparasitism

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: supplement

text: to

text: food

text: obtained

text: by

text: hunting

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: any

text: species

text: diet

text: a

text: study

text: of

text: great

text: frigatebirds

text: stealing

text: from

text: masked

text: boobies

text: estimated

text: that

text: the

text: frigatebirds

text: stole

text: at

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: food

text: and

text: on

text: average

text: stole

text: only

text: Other

text: birds

text: are

text: scavengers

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: like

text: vultures

text: are

text: specialised

text: carrion

text: eaters

text: while

text: others

text: like

text: gulls

text: corvids

text: or

text: other

text: birds

text: of

text: prey

text: are

text: opportunists

question: What is the term for stealing food items from other birds?

answer: kleptoparasitism

text: kleptoparasitism

question: What is kleptoparasitism?

answer: stealing food items from other birds

text: stealing food items from other birds

question: A vulture is what type of bird?

answer: scavengers

text: scavengers


text: For example, a horse eats grass: the horse changes the grass into itself; the grass as such does not persist in the horse, but some aspect of it—its matter—does. The matter is not specifically described (e.g., as atoms), but consists of whatever persists in the change of substance from grass to horse. Matter in this understanding does not exist independently (i.e., as a substance), but exists interdependently (i.e., as a "principle") with form and only insofar as it underlies change. It can be helpful to conceive of the relationship of matter and form as very similar to that between parts and whole. For Aristotle, matter as such can only receive actuality from form; it has no activity or actuality in itself, similar to the way that parts as such only have their existence in a whole (otherwise they would be independent wholes).

title: Matter

title: Matter

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: horse

text: eats

text: grass

text: the

text: horse

text: changes

text: the

text: grass

text: into

text: itself

text: the

text: grass

text: as

text: such

text: does

text: not

text: persist

text: in

text: the

text: horse

text: but

text: some

text: aspect

text: of

text: it

text: its

text: matter

text: does

text: The

text: matter

text: is

text: not

text: specifically

text: described

text: e.g.

text: as

text: atoms

text: but

text: consists

text: of

text: whatever

text: persists

text: in

text: the

text: change

text: of

text: substance

text: from

text: grass

text: to

text: horse

text: Matter

text: in

text: this

text: understanding

text: does

text: not

text: exist

text: independently

text: i.e.

text: as

text: a

text: substance

text: but

text: exists

text: interdependently

text: i.e.

text: as

text: a

text: principle

text: with

text: form

text: and

text: only

text: insofar

text: as

text: it

text: underlies

text: change

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: helpful

text: to

text: conceive

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: of

text: matter

text: and

text: form

text: as

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: between

text: parts

text: and

text: whole

text: For

text: Aristotle

text: matter

text: as

text: such

text: can

text: only

text: receive

text: actuality

text: from

text: form

text: it

text: has

text: no

text: activity

text: or

text: actuality

text: in

text: itself

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: way

text: that

text: parts

text: as

text: such

text: only

text: have

text: their

text: existence

text: in

text: a

text: whole

text: otherwise

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: independent

text: wholes

question: What exists independently?

text: Matter

question: Who said matter had actuality in and of itself?

text: Aristotle

question: Aristotle said parts have existence outside of what?

text: a whole

question: What does grass turn the horse into?

text: itself


text: Tafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad, like ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, ʻAbdullah ibn Abbas, ʻAbdullah ibn Umar and Ubayy ibn Kaʻb. Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse, the background of its revelation and, occasionally, interpretation of one verse with the help of the other. If the verse was about a historical event, then sometimes a few traditions (hadith) of Muhammad were narrated to make its meaning clear.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: Tafsir

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: academic

text: activities

text: of

text: Muslims

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Quran

text: Muhammad

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: who

text: described

text: the

text: meanings

text: of

text: verses

text: for

text: early

text: Muslims

text: Other

text: early

text: exegetes

text: included

text: a

text: few

text: Companions

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: like

text: ʻAli

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Talib

text: ʻAbdullah

text: ibn

text: Abbas

text: ʻAbdullah

text: ibn

text: Umar

text: and

text: Ubayy

text: ibn

text: Kaʻb

text: Exegesis

text: in

text: those

text: days

text: was

text: confined

text: to

text: the

text: explanation

text: of

text: literary

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: verse

text: the

text: background

text: of

text: its

text: revelation

text: and

text: occasionally

text: interpretation

text: of

text: one

text: verse

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: If

text: the

text: verse

text: was

text: about

text: a

text: historical

text: event

text: then

text: sometimes

text: a

text: few

text: traditions

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: were

text: narrated

text: to

text: make

text: its

text: meaning

text: clear

question: What is the name of the activity of explaining what Quranic verses mean?

answer: Tafsir

text: Tafsir

question: Who was the first practitioner of Tafsir?

answer: Muhammad

text: Muhammad

question: What is the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis?

answer: Tafsir

text: Tafsir

question: Who were 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas?

answer: Companions of Muhammad

text: Companions of Muhammad

question: What is the name of the activity of not explaining what Quranic verses mean?

text: Tafsir

question: Who was the last practitioner of Tafsir?

text: Muhammad

question: Who was the first rejecter of Tafsir?

text: Muhammad

question: What isn't the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis?

text: Tafsir

question: Who weren't 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas?

text: Companions of Muhammad


text: There are occasional brief hints and allusions in his longer works however that Avicenna considered philosophy as the only sensible way to distinguish real prophecy from illusion. He did not state this more clearly because of the political implications of such a theory, if prophecy could be questioned, and also because most of the time he was writing shorter works which concentrated on explaining his theories on philosophy and theology clearly, without digressing to consider epistemological matters which could only be properly considered by other philosophers.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: There

text: are

text: occasional

text: brief

text: hints

text: and

text: allusions

text: in

text: his

text: longer

text: works

text: however

text: that

text: Avicenna

text: considered

text: philosophy

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: sensible

text: way

text: to

text: distinguish

text: real

text: prophecy

text: from

text: illusion

text: He

text: did

text: not

text: state

text: this

text: more

text: clearly

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: political

text: implications

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: theory

text: if

text: prophecy

text: could

text: be

text: questioned

text: and

text: also

text: because

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: was

text: writing

text: shorter

text: works

text: which

text: concentrated

text: on

text: explaining

text: his

text: theories

text: on

text: philosophy

text: and

text: theology

text: clearly

text: without

text: digressing

text: to

text: consider

text: epistemological

text: matters

text: which

text: could

text: only

text: be

text: properly

text: considered

text: by

text: other

text: philosophers

question: What did Avicenna consider to be the only way to distinguish real philosophy from illusion?

answer: philosophy

text: philosophy

question: What did Avicenna fear about stating his theories on philosophy more clearly?

answer: the political implications of such a theory

text: the political implications of such a theory

question: What did Avicenna not consider when explaining his theories on philosophy?

answer: epistemological matters

text: epistemological matters

question: What did Avicenna consider an illusion?

text: prophecy

question: Who wrote about distinguishing philosophy from prophecy?

text: Avicenna

question: Why did Avercenna not explain his theories to others?

text: the political implications

question: What did Avicenna consider to be the only way to distinguish fake prophecy from illusion?

text: philosophy

question: What did Avicenna consider to be the only way to distinguish real philosophy from illusion?

text: philosophy

question: What did Avicenna love about stating his theories on philosophy more clearly?

question: What did Avicenna fear about stating his theories on biology more clearly?

question: What did Avicenna consider when explaining his theories on philosophy?

text: epistemological matters


text: Some commentators have defined reverse discrimination as a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority.[non-primary source needed] Many argue that reverse discrimination results from affirmative action policies and that these policies are just another form of discrimination no different from examples in the past. People like Ward Connerly assert that affirmative action requires the very discrimination it is seeking to eliminate. According to these opponents, this contradiction might make affirmative action counter-productive. One argument for reverse discrimination is the idea that affirmative action encourages mediocrity and incompetence. Job positions would not be offered to the applicants who are the most qualified, but to applicants with a special trait such as a certain race, ethnicity, or gender. For example, opponents say affirmative action causes unprepared applicants to be accepted in highly demanding educational institutions or jobs which result in eventual failure (see, for example, Richard Sander's study of affirmative action in Law School, bar exam and eventual performance at law firms). Other opponents say that affirmative action lowers the bar and so denies those who strive for excellence on their own merit and the sense of real achievement. Opponents of affirmative action suggest that merit should be the primary factor considered in applying for job positions, college, graduate school, etc.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Some

text: commentators

text: have

text: defined

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: as

text: a

text: policy

text: or

text: practice

text: in

text: which

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: majority

text: are

text: discriminated

text: against

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: historically

text: disadvantaged

text: group

text: or

text: minority.[non

text: primary

text: source

text: needed

text: Many

text: argue

text: that

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: results

text: from

text: affirmative

text: action

text: policies

text: and

text: that

text: these

text: policies

text: are

text: just

text: another

text: form

text: of

text: discrimination

text: no

text: different

text: from

text: examples

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: People

text: like

text: Ward

text: Connerly

text: assert

text: that

text: affirmative

text: action

text: requires

text: the

text: very

text: discrimination

text: it

text: is

text: seeking

text: to

text: eliminate

text: According

text: to

text: these

text: opponents

text: this

text: contradiction

text: might

text: make

text: affirmative

text: action

text: counter

text: productive

text: One

text: argument

text: for

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: is

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: affirmative

text: action

text: encourages

text: mediocrity

text: and

text: incompetence

text: Job

text: positions

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: offered

text: to

text: the

text: applicants

text: who

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: qualified

text: but

text: to

text: applicants

text: with

text: a

text: special

text: trait

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: certain

text: race

text: ethnicity

text: or

text: gender

text: For

text: example

text: opponents

text: say

text: affirmative

text: action

text: causes

text: unprepared

text: applicants

text: to

text: be

text: accepted

text: in

text: highly

text: demanding

text: educational

text: institutions

text: or

text: jobs

text: which

text: result

text: in

text: eventual

text: failure

text: see

text: for

text: example

text: Richard

text: Sander

text: 's

text: study

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: in

text: Law

text: School

text: bar

text: exam

text: and

text: eventual

text: performance

text: at

text: law

text: firms

text: Other

text: opponents

text: say

text: that

text: affirmative

text: action

text: lowers

text: the

text: bar

text: and

text: so

text: denies

text: those

text: who

text: strive

text: for

text: excellence

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: merit

text: and

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: real

text: achievement

text: Opponents

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: suggest

text: that

text: merit

text: should

text: be

text: the

text: primary

text: factor

text: considered

text: in

text: applying

text: for

text: job

text: positions

text: college

text: graduate

text: school

text: etc

question: What is a definition of reverse discrimination?

answer: a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority

text: a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority

question: What do some commentators claim the irony of policies resulting from affirmative action is?

answer: these policies are just another form of discrimination

text: these policies are just another form of discrimination

question: Who is an example of someone that states that affirmative action is another form of discrimination?

answer: Ward Connerly

text: Ward Connerly

question: What does the opposition of affirmative action believe should be the main key in determining acceptance in employment or education?

answer: merit

text: merit

question: An argument against affirmative action is that it encourages what?

answer: mediocrity and incompetence

text: mediocrity and incompetence

question: What is a definition of discrimination?

question: What do some commentators reject the irony of policies resulting from affirmative action is?

question: Who is an example of someone that states that affirmative action is not another form of discrimination?

text: Ward Connerly

question: What does the opposition of affirmative action believe should be the main key in determining acceptance in unemployment?

text: merit

question: An argument against affirmative action is that it discourages what?

text: mediocrity and incompetence


text: Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was "for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco," and the Mexican-American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: Stockton

text: and

text: Kearny

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: recover

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: force

text: the

text: capitulation

text: of

text: Alta

text: California

text: with

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Cahuenga

text: on

text: January

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: American

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Alta

text: California

text: including

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: ceded

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: Mexico

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Guadalupe

text: Hidalgo

text: in

text: The

text: Mexican

text: negotiators

text: of

text: that

text: treaty

text: tried

text: to

text: retain

text: San

text: Diego

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Mexico

text: but

text: the

text: Americans

text: insisted

text: that

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: for

text: every

text: commercial

text: purpose

text: of

text: nearly

text: equal

text: importance

text: to

text: us

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: American

text: border

text: was

text: eventually

text: established

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: league

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: southernmost

text: point

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: Bay

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: entire

text: bay

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What treaty was used by Stockton and Kearny on January 1, 1847?

answer: Treaty of Cahuenga

text: Treaty of Cahuenga

question: What was established after negotiations over San Diego between the Mexcians and Americans?

answer: Mexican-American border

text: Mexican-American border

question: Which war played a role in ceding San Diego to the United States?

answer: Mexican–American War of 1846–48

text: Mexican–American War of 1846–48

question: What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1848?

answer: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

text: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

question: Why was the border between Mexico and the United States established one league south of San Diego Bay's most southern tip?

answer: to include the entire bay within the United States

text: to include the entire bay within the United States

question: What treaty was used by Stockton and Kearny on January 1, 1874?

text: Treaty of Cahuenga

question: What was established after negotiations over San Francisco between the Mexcians and Americans?

text: Mexican-American border

question: Which war played a role in ceding San Francisco to the United States?

text: Mexican–American War of 1846–48

question: What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1884?

text: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

question: Why was the border between Mexico and the United States established one league south of San Diego Bay's most northern tip?


text: The islands were occupied by a garrison of British Marines and a civilian population was gradually built up. Whalers also set up on the islands as a base for operations in the Southern Atlantic. However, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, together with the gradual move from sailing ships to coal-fired steam ships, increased the isolation of the islands, as they were no longer needed as a stopping port or for shelter for journeys from Europe to East Asia.

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: The

text: islands

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: a

text: garrison

text: of

text: British

text: Marines

text: and

text: a

text: civilian

text: population

text: was

text: gradually

text: built

text: up

text: Whalers

text: also

text: set

text: up

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: as

text: a

text: base

text: for

text: operations

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: Atlantic

text: However

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: in

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: gradual

text: move

text: from

text: sailing

text: ships

text: to

text: coal

text: fired

text: steam

text: ships

text: increased

text: the

text: isolation

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: needed

text: as

text: a

text: stopping

text: port

text: or

text: for

text: shelter

text: for

text: journeys

text: from

text: Europe

text: to

text: East

text: Asia

question: what is one reason that caused the island to become less used?

answer: the opening of the Suez Canal

text: the opening of the Suez Canal

question: By who was the sailing ships occupied?

text: a garrison of British Marines

question: Who used the islands as a base in the Northern Atlantic?

text: Whalers

question: Which canal was opened in 1689?

text: Suez Canal

question: What decreased isolation in the islands?

question: When was the East Asia canal opened?


text: The cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking. The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as "false and excessive" and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas. Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for children were unsatisfactory and children's rights were sometimes violated and acknowledged the claims could not be ignored. In a BBC interview, the ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom called these reports of widespread use of slave child labour by 700,000 cocoa farmers as absurd and inaccurate.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: The

text: cocoa

text: industry

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: profiting

text: from

text: child

text: slavery

text: and

text: trafficking

text: The

text: European

text: Cocoa

text: Association

text: dismissed

text: these

text: accusations

text: as

text: false

text: and

text: excessive

text: and

text: the

text: industry

text: said

text: the

text: reports

text: were

text: not

text: representative

text: of

text: all

text: areas

text: Later

text: the

text: industry

text: acknowledged

text: the

text: working

text: conditions

text: for

text: children

text: were

text: unsatisfactory

text: and

text: children

text: 's

text: rights

text: were

text: sometimes

text: violated

text: and

text: acknowledged

text: the

text: claims

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: ignored

text: In

text: a

text: BBC

text: interview

text: the

text: ambassador

text: for

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: called

text: these

text: reports

text: of

text: widespread

text: use

text: of

text: slave

text: child

text: labour

text: by

text: cocoa

text: farmers

text: as

text: absurd

text: and

text: inaccurate

question: What industry was accused of profiting from child labour?

answer: cocoa industry

text: cocoa industry

question: Who dismissed the allegations?

answer: European Cocoa Association

text: European Cocoa Association

question: What are the figures for cocoa farmers using child labour?

answer: 700,000

question: Who claimed these reports as being inaccurate?

answer: ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom

text: ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom


text: In an interview that Popper gave in 1969 with the condition that it shall be kept secret until after his death, he summarised his position on God as follows: "I don't know whether God exists or not. ... Some forms of atheism are arrogant and ignorant and should be rejected, but agnosticism—to admit that we don't know and to search—is all right. ... When I look at what I call the gift of life, I feel a gratitude which is in tune with some religious ideas of God. However, the moment I even speak of it, I am embarrassed that I may do something wrong to God in talking about God." He objected to organised religion, saying "it tends to use the name of God in vain", noting the danger of fanaticism because of religious conflicts: "The whole thing goes back to myths which, though they may have a kernel of truth, are untrue. Why then should the Jewish myth be true and the Indian and Egyptian myths not be true?" In a letter unrelated to the interview, he stressed his tolerant attitude: "Although I am not for religion, I do think that we should show respect for anybody who believes honestly."

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: In

text: an

text: interview

text: that

text: Popper

text: gave

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: condition

text: that

text: it

text: shall

text: be

text: kept

text: secret

text: until

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: he

text: summarised

text: his

text: position

text: on

text: God

text: as

text: follows

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: whether

text: God

text: exists

text: or

text: not

text: Some

text: forms

text: of

text: atheism

text: are

text: arrogant

text: and

text: ignorant

text: and

text: should

text: be

text: rejected

text: but

text: agnosticism

text: to

text: admit

text: that

text: we

text: do

text: n't

text: know

text: and

text: to

text: search

text: is

text: all

text: right

text: When

text: I

text: look

text: at

text: what

text: I

text: call

text: the

text: gift

text: of

text: life

text: I

text: feel

text: a

text: gratitude

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: tune

text: with

text: some

text: religious

text: ideas

text: of

text: God

text: However

text: the

text: moment

text: I

text: even

text: speak

text: of

text: it

text: I

text: am

text: embarrassed

text: that

text: I

text: may

text: do

text: something

text: wrong

text: to

text: God

text: in

text: talking

text: about

text: God

text: He

text: objected

text: to

text: organised

text: religion

text: saying

text: it

text: tends

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: God

text: in

text: vain

text: noting

text: the

text: danger

text: of

text: fanaticism

text: because

text: of

text: religious

text: conflicts

text: The

text: whole

text: thing

text: goes

text: back

text: to

text: myths

text: which

text: though

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: kernel

text: of

text: truth

text: are

text: untrue

text: Why

text: then

text: should

text: the

text: Jewish

text: myth

text: be

text: true

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Egyptian

text: myths

text: not

text: be

text: true

text: In

text: a

text: letter

text: unrelated

text: to

text: the

text: interview

text: he

text: stressed

text: his

text: tolerant

text: attitude

text: Although

text: I

text: am

text: not

text: for

text: religion

text: I

text: do

text: think

text: that

text: we

text: should

text: show

text: respect

text: for

text: anybody

text: who

text: believes

text: honestly

question: In which year did Popper give a secret interview concerning his views about God?

answer: 1969

question: Which term for his religious outlook did Popper prefer?

answer: agnosticism

text: agnosticism

question: What did Popper believe were at the heart of religious disagreements, and should not be the cause of as much conflict as they are?

answer: myths

text: myths

question: Although he opposed organized religion, what attitude did Popper think should be taken toward it:

answer: tolerant

text: tolerant

question: When did Popper give an interview on the condition it be published right away?

question: Who thought that atheism was superior to agnosticism?

text: Popper

question: What kind of religion did Popper support?

text: organised

question: Why did Popper support organized religion?

text: it tends to use the name of God in vain

question: Who did Popper believe should not be respected?

text: anybody who believes honestly


text: In the first half of the 11th century, Hai Gaon refers to questions that had been addressed to him from Ashkenaz, by which he undoubtedly means Germany. Rashi in the latter half of the 11th century refers to both the language of Ashkenaz and the country of Ashkenaz. During the 12th century, the word appears quite frequently. In the Mahzor Vitry, the kingdom of Ashkenaz is referred to chiefly in regard to the ritual of the synagogue there, but occasionally also with regard to certain other observances.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Hai

text: Gaon

text: refers

text: to

text: questions

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: addressed

text: to

text: him

text: from

text: Ashkenaz

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: undoubtedly

text: means

text: Germany

text: Rashi

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: refers

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: Ashkenaz

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: Ashkenaz

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: word

text: appears

text: quite

text: frequently

text: In

text: the

text: Mahzor

text: Vitry

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Ashkenaz

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: chiefly

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: ritual

text: of

text: the

text: synagogue

text: there

text: but

text: occasionally

text: also

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: certain

text: other

text: observances

question: When did Hai Gaon refer to questions that had been addressed to him from Ashkenaz?

answer: the first half of the 11th century

text: the first half of the 11th century

question: Who is Hai Gaon thought to be referring to when he says Ashkenaz?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: In the latter half of the 11th century, Rashi refers to what two things?

answer: both the language of Ashkenaz and the country of Ashkenaz

text: both the language of Ashkenaz and the country of Ashkenaz


text: As of the 2006 Census, there were 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's itself, 151,322 in the urban area and 181,113 in the St. John's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). Thus, St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city and Canada's 20th largest CMA. Apart from St. John's, the CMA includes 12 other communities: the city of Mount Pearl and the towns of Conception Bay South, Paradise, Portugal Cove-St. Philip's, Torbay, Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove, Pouch Cove, Flatrock, Bay Bulls, Witless Bay, Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove and Bauline. The population of the CMA was 192,326 as of 1 July 2010.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: there

text: were

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: Census

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: CMA

text: Thus

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: is

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: Canada

text: 's

text: largest

text: CMA

text: Apart

text: from

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: the

text: CMA

text: includes

text: other

text: communities

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Mount

text: Pearl

text: and

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Conception

text: Bay

text: South

text: Paradise

text: Portugal

text: Cove

text: St

text: Philip

text: 's

text: Torbay

text: Logy

text: Bay

text: Middle

text: Cove

text: Outer

text: Cove

text: Pouch

text: Cove

text: Flatrock

text: Bay

text: Bulls

text: Witless

text: Bay

text: Petty

text: Harbour

text: Maddox

text: Cove

text: and

text: Bauline

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: CMA

text: was

text: as

text: of

text: July

question: In what year where there 100,646 inhabitants in St. John's?

answer: 2006

question: How many communities does the CMA include?

answer: 12

question: What was the population of the CMA in 2010?

answer: 192,326

question: What is Newfoundland and Labrador's largest city?

answer: St. John's

text: St. John's

question: In what year did the St. Johns CMA have 100,646 inhabitants?

question: What is Canada's largest city?

text: St. John's

question: What nearby towns are not included in St. Johns CMA?


text: San Diego is served by the San Diego Trolley light rail system, by the SDMTS bus system, and by Coaster and Amtrak Pacific Surfliner commuter rail; northern San Diego county is also served by the Sprinter light rail line. The Trolley primarily serves downtown and surrounding urban communities, Mission Valley, east county, and coastal south bay. A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley will operate from Old Town to University City and the University of California, San Diego along the I-5 Freeway, with planned operation by 2018. The Amtrak and Coaster trains currently run along the coastline and connect San Diego with Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura via Metrolink and the Pacific Surfliner. There are two Amtrak stations in San Diego, in Old Town and the Santa Fe Depot downtown. San Diego transit information about public transportation and commuting is available on the Web and by dialing "511" from any phone in the area.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Trolley

text: light

text: rail

text: system

text: by

text: the

text: SDMTS

text: bus

text: system

text: and

text: by

text: Coaster

text: and

text: Amtrak

text: Pacific

text: Surfliner

text: commuter

text: rail

text: northern

text: San

text: Diego

text: county

text: is

text: also

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: Sprinter

text: light

text: rail

text: line

text: The

text: Trolley

text: primarily

text: serves

text: downtown

text: and

text: surrounding

text: urban

text: communities

text: Mission

text: Valley

text: east

text: county

text: and

text: coastal

text: south

text: bay

text: A

text: planned

text: Mid

text: Coast

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Trolley

text: will

text: operate

text: from

text: Old

text: Town

text: to

text: University

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: San

text: Diego

text: along

text: the

text: Freeway

text: with

text: planned

text: operation

text: by

text: The

text: Amtrak

text: and

text: Coaster

text: trains

text: currently

text: run

text: along

text: the

text: coastline

text: and

text: connect

text: San

text: Diego

text: with

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Orange

text: County

text: Riverside

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: and

text: Ventura

text: via

text: Metrolink

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Surfliner

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: Amtrak

text: stations

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: in

text: Old

text: Town

text: and

text: the

text: Santa

text: Fe

text: Depot

text: downtown

text: San

text: Diego

text: transit

text: information

text: about

text: public

text: transportation

text: and

text: commuting

text: is

text: available

text: on

text: the

text: Web

text: and

text: by

text: dialing

text: from

text: any

text: phone

text: in

text: the

text: area

question: What areas of San Diego are primarily served by the trolley?

answer: downtown and surrounding urban communities

text: downtown and surrounding urban communities

question: What public transportation is in the works to be completed by 2018?

answer: A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley

text: A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley

question: How many Amtrak stations are in San Diego?

answer: two

text: two

question: What number can you dial from any phone for public transportation information in San Diego?

answer: 511

question: Where do the Amtrak and Coaster trains primarily run?

answer: along the coastline

text: along the coastline

question: What areas of San Francisco are primarily served by the trolley?

question: What public transportation is in the works to be completed by 2019?

question: How many Amtrak stations are in San Francisco?

text: two

question: What number can you dial from any phone for public transportation information in San Francisco?

question: Where do the Amtrak and Coaster trains primarily never run?

text: along the coastline


text: Prior Diego saw immediately one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement: the representatives of the Holy Church acted and moved with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony. On the other hand, the Cathars lived in a state of self-sacrifice that was widely appealing. For these reasons, Prior Diego suggested that the papal legates begin to live a reformed apostolic life. The legates agreed to change if they could find a strong leader. The prior took up the challenge, and he and Dominic dedicated themselves to the conversion of the Albigensians. Despite this particular mission, in winning the Albigensians over by persuasion Dominic met limited success, "for though in his ten years of preaching a large number of converts were made, it has to be said that the results were not such as had been hoped for."

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: Prior

text: Diego

text: saw

text: immediately

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: paramount

text: reasons

text: for

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: unorthodox

text: movement

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Church

text: acted

text: and

text: moved

text: with

text: an

text: offensive

text: amount

text: of

text: pomp

text: and

text: ceremony

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: Cathars

text: lived

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: self

text: sacrifice

text: that

text: was

text: widely

text: appealing

text: For

text: these

text: reasons

text: Prior

text: Diego

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: papal

text: legates

text: begin

text: to

text: live

text: a

text: reformed

text: apostolic

text: life

text: The

text: legates

text: agreed

text: to

text: change

text: if

text: they

text: could

text: find

text: a

text: strong

text: leader

text: The

text: prior

text: took

text: up

text: the

text: challenge

text: and

text: he

text: and

text: Dominic

text: dedicated

text: themselves

text: to

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: Albigensians

text: Despite

text: this

text: particular

text: mission

text: in

text: winning

text: the

text: Albigensians

text: over

text: by

text: persuasion

text: Dominic

text: met

text: limited

text: success

text: for

text: though

text: in

text: his

text: ten

text: years

text: of

text: preaching

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: converts

text: were

text: made

text: it

text: has

text: to

text: be

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: results

text: were

text: not

text: such

text: as

text: had

text: been

text: hoped

text: for

question: How did Prior Diego think the members of the Holy Church acted?

answer: with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony

text: with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony

question: Who did Prior Diego admire more than the Holy Church?

answer: the Cathars

text: the Cathars

question: How did the Cathars live?

answer: in a state of self-sacrifice

text: in a state of self-sacrifice

question: In order to change to a better way of life, what did the legates request of Diego?

answer: a strong leader

text: a strong leader

question: Who did Diego and Dominic try to convert?

answer: the Albigensians

text: the Albigensians

question: Who did not immediately see one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement?

text: Prior Diego

question: Who did not act or move with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony?

text: the representatives of the Holy Church

question: Who did Dominic admire more than the Holy Church?

text: the Cathars

question: What state did the Cathers not live in?

text: in a state of self-sacrifice

question: What was meet with much success?


text: Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: Court

text: presentations

text: of

text: aristocratic

text: young

text: ladies

text: to

text: the

text: monarch

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: the

text: palace

text: from

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Edward

text: VII

text: These

text: young

text: women

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: débutantes

text: and

text: the

text: occasion

text: termed

text: their

text: coming

text: out

text: represented

text: their

text: first

text: entrée

text: into

text: society

text: Débutantes

text: wore

text: full

text: court

text: dress

text: with

text: three

text: tall

text: ostrich

text: feathers

text: in

text: their

text: hair

text: They

text: entered

text: curtsied

text: and

text: performed

text: a

text: choreographed

text: backwards

text: walk

text: and

text: a

text: further

text: curtsy

text: while

text: manoeuvring

text: a

text: dress

text: train

text: of

text: prescribed

text: length

text: The

text: ceremony

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: evening

text: court

text: corresponded

text: to

text: the

text: court

text: drawing

text: rooms

text: of

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: reign

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: ceremony

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: less

text: formal

text: afternoon

text: receptions

text: usually

text: without

text: choreographed

text: curtsies

text: and

text: court

text: dress

question: Under whose reign did court presentations of young aristocratic ladies take place?

answer: Edward VII

text: Edward VII

question: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?

answer: coming out

text: coming out

question: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair?

answer: ostrich feathers

text: ostrich feathers

question: After WWII "coming out" ceremonies were replaces with what event?

answer: less formal afternoon receptions

text: less formal afternoon receptions

question: Under whose reign were young debutantes presented to society at Court?

answer: Edward VII

text: Edward VII

question: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?

answer: ostrich feathers

text: ostrich feathers

question: What was the occasion where debutantes were presented to society called?

answer: "coming out"

text: "coming out"

question: After WWII what was the coming out ceremony replaced with?

answer: less formal afternoon receptions

text: less formal afternoon receptions

question: Whose reign did not include court presentations of young aristocratic ladies?

text: Edward VII

question: What was the name for the sacrifice where debutantes had their last introduction into society?

text: coming out

question: What bird's feathers did debutantes wear in their shirt?

text: ostrich feathers

question: What was the occasion where debutantes were exiled from society called?

text: coming out

question: What was the coming out ceremony replaced with during WWII?

text: less formal afternoon receptions


text: Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. Each church then sends representatives or commissioners to presbyteries and further to a general assembly. Each greater level of assembly has ruling authority over its constituent members. In this governmental structure, each component has some level of sovereignty over itself. As in political federalism, in presbyterian ecclesiology there is shared sovereignty.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Federalism

text: also

text: finds

text: expression

text: in

text: ecclesiology

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: For

text: example

text: presbyterian

text: church

text: governance

text: resembles

text: parliamentary

text: republicanism

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: political

text: federalism

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: extent

text: In

text: Presbyterian

text: denominations

text: the

text: local

text: church

text: is

text: ruled

text: by

text: elected

text: elders

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: ministerial

text: Each

text: church

text: then

text: sends

text: representatives

text: or

text: commissioners

text: to

text: presbyteries

text: and

text: further

text: to

text: a

text: general

text: assembly

text: Each

text: greater

text: level

text: of

text: assembly

text: has

text: ruling

text: authority

text: over

text: its

text: constituent

text: members

text: In

text: this

text: governmental

text: structure

text: each

text: component

text: has

text: some

text: level

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: itself

text: As

text: in

text: political

text: federalism

text: in

text: presbyterian

text: ecclesiology

text: there

text: is

text: shared

text: sovereignty

question: What is ecclesiology?

answer: the doctrine of the church

text: the doctrine of the church

question: What happens in Presbyterian denominations?

answer: the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial.

text: the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial.

question: In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology do?

answer: shared sovereignty

text: shared sovereignty

question: What does each greater level of assembly have?

answer: authority over its constituent members

text: authority over its constituent members

question: What isn't ecclesiology?

text: the doctrine of the church

question: What doesn't happen in Presbyterian denominations?

question: In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology not do?

text: shared sovereignty

question: In political communism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology do?

text: shared sovereignty

question: What does each lesser level of assembly have?

text: authority over its constituent members


text: Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive authority and are fundamental to the self-understanding of each of the churches of the Communion; these principles have a living force, and contain in themselves the possibility of further development; and the existence of these principles both demonstrates unity and promotes unity within the Anglican Communion.

title: Canon_law

title: Canon_law

text: Currently

text: there

text: are

text: principles

text: of

text: canon

text: law

text: common

text: to

text: the

text: churches

text: within

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: their

text: existence

text: can

text: be

text: factually

text: established

text: each

text: province

text: or

text: church

text: contributes

text: through

text: its

text: own

text: legal

text: system

text: to

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: canon

text: law

text: common

text: within

text: the

text: Communion

text: these

text: principles

text: have

text: a

text: strong

text: persuasive

text: authority

text: and

text: are

text: fundamental

text: to

text: the

text: self

text: understanding

text: of

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: churches

text: of

text: the

text: Communion

text: these

text: principles

text: have

text: a

text: living

text: force

text: and

text: contain

text: in

text: themselves

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: further

text: development

text: and

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: these

text: principles

text: both

text: demonstrates

text: unity

text: and

text: promotes

text: unity

text: within

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Communion

question: As of 2004, what do all Anglican Communion Churches share?

answer: principles of canon law

text: principles of canon law

question: What term characterizes the way in which the existence of canon principles can be shown?

answer: factually

text: factually

question: Through what does each member of the Anglican Communion make a contribution to Church law?

answer: its own legal system

text: its own legal system

question: What kind of force could the canonical principles be said to have within the Communion?

answer: living

text: living

question: What does having common principles show and support for churches int he Communion?

answer: unity

text: unity

question: As of 2004 what to Anglican Communion churches no longer share?

text: principles of canon law

question: Anglican church law contributes to what for each of its members?

text: legal system

question: What is not fundamental to self understanding of each of the churches of the Communion?

text: principles of canon law

question: What does having individual principle show?

text: unity