text: On 15 May 1947, the General Assembly of the newly formed United Nations resolved that a committee, United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP), be created "to prepare for consideration at the next regular session of the Assembly a report on the question of Palestine". In the Report of the Committee dated 3 September 1947 to the UN General Assembly, the majority of the Committee in Chapter VI proposed a plan to replace the British Mandate with "an independent Arab State, an independent Jewish State, and the City of Jerusalem ... the last to be under an International Trusteeship System". On 29 November 1947, the General Assembly adopted a resolution recommending the adoption and implementation of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union as Resolution 181 (II). The Plan attached to the resolution was essentially that proposed by the majority of the Committee in the Report of 3 September 1947.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: formed

text: United

text: Nations

text: resolved

text: that

text: a

text: committee

text: United

text: Nations

text: Special

text: Committee

text: on

text: Palestine

text: UNSCOP

text: be

text: created

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: consideration

text: at

text: the

text: next

text: regular

text: session

text: of

text: the

text: Assembly

text: a

text: report

text: on

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: Palestine

text: In

text: the

text: Report

text: of

text: the

text: Committee

text: dated

text: September

text: to

text: the

text: UN

text: General

text: Assembly

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Committee

text: in

text: Chapter

text: VI

text: proposed

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: British

text: Mandate

text: with

text: an

text: independent

text: Arab

text: State

text: an

text: independent

text: Jewish

text: State

text: and

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: the

text: last

text: to

text: be

text: under

text: an

text: International

text: Trusteeship

text: System

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: adopted

text: a

text: resolution

text: recommending

text: the

text: adoption

text: and

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: Plan

text: of

text: Partition

text: with

text: Economic

text: Union

text: as

text: Resolution

text: II

text: The

text: Plan

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: resolution

text: was

text: essentially

text: that

text: proposed

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Committee

text: in

text: the

text: Report

text: of

text: September

question: What is the UNSCOP?

answer: United Nations Special Committee on Palestine

text: United Nations Special Committee on Palestine

question: When was the UNSCOP formed?

answer: 15 May 1947

text: 15 May 1947

question: What was the last to be under an International Trusteeship System?

answer: City of Jerusalem

text: City of Jerusalem


text: Superscalar computers may contain multiple ALUs, allowing them to process several instructions simultaneously. Graphics processors and computers with SIMD and MIMD features often contain ALUs that can perform arithmetic on vectors and matrices.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Superscalar

text: computers

text: may

text: contain

text: multiple

text: ALUs

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: process

text: several

text: instructions

text: simultaneously

text: Graphics

text: processors

text: and

text: computers

text: with

text: SIMD

text: and

text: MIMD

text: features

text: often

text: contain

text: ALUs

text: that

text: can

text: perform

text: arithmetic

text: on

text: vectors

text: and

text: matrices

question: Computers that have multiple ALUs are called what?

answer: Superscalar

text: Superscalar


text: Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: Although

text: the

text: Estonian

text: orthography

text: is

text: generally

text: guided

text: by

text: phonemic

text: principles

text: with

text: each

text: grapheme

text: corresponding

text: to

text: one

text: phoneme

text: there

text: are

text: some

text: historical

text: and

text: morphological

text: deviations

text: from

text: this

text: for

text: example

text: preservation

text: of

text: the

text: morpheme

text: in

text: declension

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: writing

text: b

text: g

text: d

text: in

text: places

text: where

text: p

text: k

text: t

text: is

text: pronounced

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: i

text: and

text: j'.[clarification

text: needed

text: Where

text: it

text: is

text: very

text: impractical

text: or

text: impossible

text: to

text: type

text: š

text: and

text: ž

text: they

text: are

text: substituted

text: with

text: sh

text: and

text: zh

text: in

text: some

text: written

text: texts

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: considered

text: incorrect

text: Otherwise

text: the

text: h

text: in

text: sh

text: represents

text: a

text: voiceless

text: glottal

text: fricative

text: as

text: in

text: Pasha

text: pas

text: ha

text: this

text: also

text: applies

text: to

text: some

text: foreign

text: names

question: What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography?

answer: phonemic principles

text: phonemic principles

question: To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond?

answer: one

text: one

question: What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?

answer: some historical and morphological deviations

text: some historical and morphological deviations

question: On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?

answer: Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž

text: Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž

question: What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?

answer: Pasha (pas-ha)

text: Pasha (pas-ha)

question: What principles never govern the Estonian orthography?

text: phonemic principles

question: On what occasions are š and ž replaced with ch and zu?

question: What is an example of a word not containing a voiceless glottal fricative?

text: Pasha

question: Foreign names are not considered what?

text: voiceless glottal fricative


text: At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: At

text: the

text: funeral

text: of

text: the

text: tenor

text: Adolphe

text: Nourrit

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: Chopin

text: made

text: a

text: rare

text: appearance

text: at

text: the

text: organ

text: playing

text: a

text: transcription

text: of

text: Franz

text: Schubert

text: 's

text: lied

text: Die

text: Gestirne

text: On

text: July

text: Chopin

text: and

text: Sand

text: were

text: present

text: at

text: the

text: dress

text: rehearsal

text: of

text: Berlioz

text: 's

text: Grande

text: symphonie

text: funèbre

text: et

text: triomphale

text: composed

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: tenth

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: July

text: Revolution

text: Chopin

text: was

text: reportedly

text: unimpressed

text: with

text: the

text: composition

question: What event were Chopin and Sand at on 26 July 1840?

answer: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale

text: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale

question: What anniversary was the July Revolution that Sand and Chopin were present at a dress rehearsal for?

answer: tenth

text: tenth

question: At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839?

answer: Adolphe Nourrit

text: Adolphe Nourrit

question: What instrument did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?

answer: organ

text: organ

question: What piece did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?

answer: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne

text: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne

question: Chopin attended the funeral of who in 1839?

answer: Adolphe Nourrit

text: Adolphe Nourrit

question: What did Chopin play at the funeral?

answer: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.

text: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.

question: What was the dress rehearsal for?

answer: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale

text: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale

question: It was in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of what?

answer: the July Revolution.

text: the July Revolution.


text: Popper puzzled over the stark contrast between the non-scientific character of Freud and Adler's theories in the field of psychology and the revolution set off by Einstein's theory of relativity in physics in the early 20th century. Popper thought that Einstein's theory, as a theory properly grounded in scientific thought and method, was highly "risky", in the sense that it was possible to deduce consequences from it which were, in the light of the then-dominant Newtonian physics, highly improbable (e.g., that light is deflected towards solid bodies—confirmed by Eddington's experiments in 1919), and which would, if they turned out to be false, falsify the whole theory. In contrast, nothing could, even in principle, falsify psychoanalytic theories. He thus came to the conclusion that psychoanalytic theories had more in common with primitive myths than with genuine science.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: puzzled

text: over

text: the

text: stark

text: contrast

text: between

text: the

text: non

text: scientific

text: character

text: of

text: Freud

text: and

text: Adler

text: 's

text: theories

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: psychology

text: and

text: the

text: revolution

text: set

text: off

text: by

text: Einstein

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: relativity

text: in

text: physics

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Popper

text: thought

text: that

text: Einstein

text: 's

text: theory

text: as

text: a

text: theory

text: properly

text: grounded

text: in

text: scientific

text: thought

text: and

text: method

text: was

text: highly

text: risky

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: possible

text: to

text: deduce

text: consequences

text: from

text: it

text: which

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: the

text: then

text: dominant

text: Newtonian

text: physics

text: highly

text: improbable

text: e.g.

text: that

text: light

text: is

text: deflected

text: towards

text: solid

text: bodies

text: confirmed

text: by

text: Eddington

text: 's

text: experiments

text: in

text: and

text: which

text: would

text: if

text: they

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: false

text: falsify

text: the

text: whole

text: theory

text: In

text: contrast

text: nothing

text: could

text: even

text: in

text: principle

text: falsify

text: psychoanalytic

text: theories

text: He

text: thus

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: conclusion

text: that

text: psychoanalytic

text: theories

text: had

text: more

text: in

text: common

text: with

text: primitive

text: myths

text: than

text: with

text: genuine

text: science

question: Which two important psychologists did Popper view as advancing non-scientific theories?

answer: Freud and Adler

text: Freud and Adler

question: Whose recent breakthrough in physics did Popper view as paradigmatic science?

answer: Einstein

text: Einstein

question: What quality of the theory of relativity did Popper believe made it proper science?

answer: risky

text: risky

question: What did Popper think psychoanalytic theory shared more feature with than real science ?

answer: primitive myths

text: primitive myths

question: What could you not do to psychoanalytic theory that Popper believed crucial in genuine science?

answer: falsify

text: falsify

question: When did Adler set off a revolution in the field of physics?

text: early 20th century

question: What did Freud think Einstein's theory was?

text: highly "risky"

question: When did Popper's experiments confirm light is deflected towards solid bodies?

question: Who though psychoanalytic theories had more in common with genuine science than myths?

text: Popper

question: What field did Einstein set off a revolution in during the late 20th century?

text: physics


text: In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia began minting coins known as Joachimstalers (from German thal, or nowadays usually Tal, "valley", cognate with "dale" in English), named for Joachimstal, the valley where the silver was mined (St. Joachim's Valley, now Jáchymov; then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic). Joachimstaler was later shortened to the German Taler, a word that eventually found its way into Danish and Swedish as daler, Norwegian as dalar and daler, Dutch as daler or daalder, Ethiopian as ታላሪ (talari), Hungarian as tallér, Italian as tallero, and English as dollar. Alternatively, thaler is said to come from the German coin Guldengroschen ("great guilder", being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder), minted from the silver from Joachimsthal.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Count

text: Hieronymus

text: Schlick

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: began

text: minting

text: coins

text: known

text: as

text: Joachimstalers

text: from

text: German

text: thal

text: or

text: nowadays

text: usually

text: Tal

text: valley

text: cognate

text: with

text: dale

text: in

text: English

text: named

text: for

text: Joachimstal

text: the

text: valley

text: where

text: the

text: silver

text: was

text: mined

text: St.

text: Joachim

text: 's

text: Valley

text: now

text: Jáchymov

text: then

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Joachimstaler

text: was

text: later

text: shortened

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Taler

text: a

text: word

text: that

text: eventually

text: found

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: Danish

text: and

text: Swedish

text: as

text: daler

text: Norwegian

text: as

text: dalar

text: and

text: daler

text: Dutch

text: as

text: daler

text: or

text: daalder

text: Ethiopian

text: as

text: ታላሪ

text: talari

text: Hungarian

text: as

text: tallér

text: Italian

text: as

text: tallero

text: and

text: English

text: as

text: dollar

text: Alternatively

text: thaler

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: German

text: coin

text: Guldengroschen

text: great

text: guilder

text: being

text: of

text: silver

text: but

text: equal

text: in

text: value

text: to

text: a

text: gold

text: guilder

text: minted

text: from

text: the

text: silver

text: from

text: Joachimsthal

question: Who began minting the coins known as Joachimstalers?

answer: Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia

text: Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia

question: What is the modern name for St. Joachim's Valley?

answer: Jáchymov

text: Jáchymov

question: What were the Joachimstalers composed of?

answer: silver

text: silver

question: How did the word "taler" translate into Italian?

answer: tallero

text: tallero

question: Other than "taler", what is the other name of the German coin?

answer: Guldengroschen

text: Guldengroschen

question: Who began minting the coins known as Hungarian?

text: Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia

question: What is the modern name for Joachimsthal?

text: Jáchymov

question: What were the Dutch composed of?

text: silver

question: How did the word "silver" translate into Italian?

text: tallero

question: Other than "taler" what is the other name of the Italian coin?

text: Guldengroschen


text: In September 1982, Prime minister Margaret Thatcher travelled to Beijing to negotiate with the Chinese government on the future of Britain's last major and most populous overseas territory, Hong Kong. Under the terms of the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, Hong Kong Island itself had been ceded to Britain in perpetuity, but the vast majority of the colony was constituted by the New Territories, which had been acquired under a 99-year lease in 1898, due to expire in 1997. Thatcher, seeing parallels with the Falkland Islands, initially wished to hold Hong Kong and proposed British administration with Chinese sovereignty, though this was rejected by China. A deal was reached in 1984—under the terms of the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Hong Kong would become a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, maintaining its way of life for at least 50 years. The handover ceremony in 1997 marked for many, including Charles, Prince of Wales, who was in attendance, "the end of Empire".

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: September

text: Prime

text: minister

text: Margaret

text: Thatcher

text: travelled

text: to

text: Beijing

text: to

text: negotiate

text: with

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: on

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: last

text: major

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: overseas

text: territory

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Nanking

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Island

text: itself

text: had

text: been

text: ceded

text: to

text: Britain

text: in

text: perpetuity

text: but

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: colony

text: was

text: constituted

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: Territories

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: acquired

text: under

text: a

text: lease

text: in

text: due

text: to

text: expire

text: in

text: Thatcher

text: seeing

text: parallels

text: with

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: initially

text: wished

text: to

text: hold

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: proposed

text: British

text: administration

text: with

text: Chinese

text: sovereignty

text: though

text: this

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: China

text: A

text: deal

text: was

text: reached

text: in

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Sino

text: British

text: Joint

text: Declaration

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: would

text: become

text: a

text: special

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: maintaining

text: its

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: The

text: handover

text: ceremony

text: in

text: marked

text: for

text: many

text: including

text: Charles

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: who

text: was

text: in

text: attendance

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Empire

question: Who was the British Prime Minister in 1982?

answer: Margaret Thatcher

text: Margaret Thatcher

question: Which treaty had given Hong Kong to Britain?

answer: Treaty of Nanking

text: Treaty of Nanking

question: When did Britain hand over Hong Kong to China?

answer: 1997

question: When was the Sino-British Joint Declaration?

answer: 1984

question: Which territory did Margaret Thatcher compare Hong Kong to?

answer: Falkland Islands

text: Falkland Islands


text: Discussions of strategy in the mid Ming dynasty focused primarily on recovery of the Ordos region, which the Mongols used as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China. Norbu states that the Ming dynasty, preoccupied with the Mongol threat to the north, could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up their claim of sovereignty over Tibet; instead, they relied on "Confucian instruments of tribute relations" of heaping unlimited number of titles and gifts on Tibetan lamas through acts of diplomacy. Sperling states that the delicate relationship between the Ming and Tibet was "the last time a united China had to deal with an independent Tibet," that there was a potential for armed conflict at their borders, and that the ultimate goal of Ming foreign policy with Tibet was not subjugation but "avoidance of any kind of Tibetan threat." P. Christiaan Klieger argues that the Ming court's patronage of high Tibetan lamas "was designed to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes."

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Discussions

text: of

text: strategy

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: focused

text: primarily

text: on

text: recovery

text: of

text: the

text: Ordos

text: region

text: which

text: the

text: Mongols

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: rallying

text: base

text: to

text: stage

text: raids

text: into

text: Ming

text: China

text: Norbu

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: preoccupied

text: with

text: the

text: Mongol

text: threat

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: could

text: not

text: spare

text: additional

text: armed

text: forces

text: to

text: enforce

text: or

text: back

text: up

text: their

text: claim

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Tibet

text: instead

text: they

text: relied

text: on

text: Confucian

text: instruments

text: of

text: tribute

text: relations

text: of

text: heaping

text: unlimited

text: number

text: of

text: titles

text: and

text: gifts

text: on

text: Tibetan

text: lamas

text: through

text: acts

text: of

text: diplomacy

text: Sperling

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: delicate

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: Ming

text: and

text: Tibet

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: time

text: a

text: united

text: China

text: had

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: an

text: independent

text: Tibet

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: potential

text: for

text: armed

text: conflict

text: at

text: their

text: borders

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: ultimate

text: goal

text: of

text: Ming

text: foreign

text: policy

text: with

text: Tibet

text: was

text: not

text: subjugation

text: but

text: avoidance

text: of

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: threat

text: P.

text: Christiaan

text: Klieger

text: argues

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: 's

text: patronage

text: of

text: high

text: Tibetan

text: lamas

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: help

text: stabilize

text: border

text: regions

text: and

text: protect

text: trade

text: routes

question: What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on?

answer: recovery of the Ordos region

text: recovery of the Ordos region

question: Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids?

answer: the Mongols

text: the Mongols

question: Where were the Mongols trying to raise?

answer: Ming China

text: Ming China

question: Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas?

answer: to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes

text: to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes


text: Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in luminance than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. There is a corresponding trade-off between preserving information and reducing size. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including those used in music files, images, and video.

title: Data_compression

title: Data_compression

text: Lossy

text: data

text: compression

text: is

text: the

text: converse

text: of

text: lossless

text: data

text: compression

text: In

text: these

text: schemes

text: some

text: loss

text: of

text: information

text: is

text: acceptable

text: Dropping

text: nonessential

text: detail

text: from

text: the

text: data

text: source

text: can

text: save

text: storage

text: space

text: Lossy

text: data

text: compression

text: schemes

text: are

text: designed

text: by

text: research

text: on

text: how

text: people

text: perceive

text: the

text: data

text: in

text: question

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: is

text: more

text: sensitive

text: to

text: subtle

text: variations

text: in

text: luminance

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: variations

text: in

text: color

text: JPEG

text: image

text: compression

text: works

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: rounding

text: off

text: nonessential

text: bits

text: of

text: information

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: corresponding

text: trade

text: off

text: between

text: preserving

text: information

text: and

text: reducing

text: size

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: popular

text: compression

text: formats

text: exploit

text: these

text: perceptual

text: differences

text: including

text: those

text: used

text: in

text: music

text: files

text: images

text: and

text: video

question: What type of data compression is the converse of lossless date data compression?

answer: Lossy

text: Lossy

question: What can save storage space?

answer: Dropping nonessential detail from the data source

text: Dropping nonessential detail from the data source

question: What helps by eliminating off nonessential bits of information?

answer: JPEG image compression

text: JPEG image compression

question: What type of data compression is the converse of subtle variations?

text: Lossy

question: What helps by eliminating off nonessential bits of perceptual differences?

text: JPEG image compression

question: What is more sensitive to reducing size in luminance than variations in color?

text: the human eye

question: What are Lossy data compression music files designed by?

question: What is there a corresponding compression scheme between?


text: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: A

text: study

text: of

text: haplotypes

text: of

text: the

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: published

text: in

text: addressed

text: the

text: paternal

text: origins

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: Hammer

text: et

text: al

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: and

text: Sephardic

text: Jews

text: contained

text: mutations

text: that

text: are

text: also

text: common

text: among

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: peoples

text: but

text: uncommon

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: European

text: population

text: This

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: male

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: could

text: be

text: traced

text: mostly

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: proportion

text: of

text: male

text: genetic

text: admixture

text: in

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: amounts

text: to

text: less

text: than

text: per

text: generation

text: over

text: an

text: estimated

text: generations

text: with

text: relatively

text: minor

text: contribution

text: of

text: European

text: Y

text: chromosomes

text: to

text: the

text: Ashkenazim

text: and

text: a

text: total

text: admixture

text: estimate

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: Motulsky

text: 's

text: average

text: estimate

text: of

text: This

text: supported

text: the

text: finding

text: that

text: Diaspora

text: Jews

text: from

text: Europe

text: Northwest

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: resemble

text: each

text: other

text: more

text: closely

text: than

text: they

text: resemble

text: their

text: non

text: Jewish

text: neighbors

text: Past

text: research

text: found

text: that

text: percent

text: of

text: DNA

text: from

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: trace

text: the

text: male

text: lineage

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: Richards

text: said

question: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common with what other people?

answer: Middle Eastern peoples

text: Middle Eastern peoples

question: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people?

answer: uncommon in the general European population

text: uncommon in the general European population

question: The findings related to the Y-chromosomes suggest that males ancestors of Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to where?

answer: the Middle East

text: the Middle East


text: Lateral-cut disc records were developed in the United States by Emile Berliner, who named his system the "gramophone", distinguishing it from Edison's wax cylinder "phonograph" and Columbia's wax cylinder "graphophone". Berliner's earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 5 inches (13 cm) in diameter, and were played with a small hand-propelled machine. Both the records and the machine were adequate only for use as a toy or curiosity, due to the limited sound quality. In the United States in 1894, under the Berliner Gramophone trademark, Berliner started marketing records with somewhat more substantial entertainment value, along with somewhat more substantial gramophones to play them. Berliner's records had poor sound quality compared to wax cylinders, but his manufacturing associate Eldridge R. Johnson eventually improved the sound quality. Abandoning Berliner's "Gramophone" trademark for legal reasons, in 1901 Johnson's and Berliner's separate companies reorganized to form the Victor Talking Machine Company, whose products would come to dominate the market for many years. Emile Berliner moved his company to Montreal in 1900. The factory which became RCA Victor stills exists. There is a dedicated museum in Montreal for Berliner.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Lateral

text: cut

text: disc

text: records

text: were

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: Emile

text: Berliner

text: who

text: named

text: his

text: system

text: the

text: gramophone

text: distinguishing

text: it

text: from

text: Edison

text: 's

text: wax

text: cylinder

text: phonograph

text: and

text: Columbia

text: 's

text: wax

text: cylinder

text: graphophone

text: Berliner

text: 's

text: earliest

text: discs

text: first

text: marketed

text: in

text: but

text: only

text: in

text: Europe

text: were

text: inches

text: cm

text: in

text: diameter

text: and

text: were

text: played

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: hand

text: propelled

text: machine

text: Both

text: the

text: records

text: and

text: the

text: machine

text: were

text: adequate

text: only

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: toy

text: or

text: curiosity

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: limited

text: sound

text: quality

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: Berliner

text: Gramophone

text: trademark

text: Berliner

text: started

text: marketing

text: records

text: with

text: somewhat

text: more

text: substantial

text: entertainment

text: value

text: along

text: with

text: somewhat

text: more

text: substantial

text: gramophones

text: to

text: play

text: them

text: Berliner

text: 's

text: records

text: had

text: poor

text: sound

text: quality

text: compared

text: to

text: wax

text: cylinders

text: but

text: his

text: manufacturing

text: associate

text: Eldridge

text: R.

text: Johnson

text: eventually

text: improved

text: the

text: sound

text: quality

text: Abandoning

text: Berliner

text: 's

text: Gramophone

text: trademark

text: for

text: legal

text: reasons

text: in

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: and

text: Berliner

text: 's

text: separate

text: companies

text: reorganized

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Victor

text: Talking

text: Machine

text: Company

text: whose

text: products

text: would

text: come

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: market

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: Emile

text: Berliner

text: moved

text: his

text: company

text: to

text: Montreal

text: in

text: The

text: factory

text: which

text: became

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: stills

text: exists

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: dedicated

text: museum

text: in

text: Montreal

text: for

text: Berliner

question: What is the name of lateral cut disc records?

answer: gramophone

text: gramophone

question: What was an issue found with Berliner's records initially?

answer: poor sound quality

text: poor sound quality

question: Where were lateral cut disc records developed?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: What is 'Victor Talking Machine now known as?

answer: RCA Victor

text: RCA Victor

question: Where is the museum dedicated to Berliner located?

answer: Montreal

text: Montreal


text: Besides the obligation, many children had to help support their families financially; another factor that influenced child labour was the demographic changes that occurred in the eighteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, 20 percent of the population was made up of children between the ages of 5 and 14. Due to this substantial shift in available workers, and the development of the industrial revolution, children began to work earlier in life in companies outside of the home. Yet, even though there was an increase of child labour in factories such as cotton textiles, there consistently was large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture and domestic production.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Besides

text: the

text: obligation

text: many

text: children

text: had

text: to

text: help

text: support

text: their

text: families

text: financially

text: another

text: factor

text: that

text: influenced

text: child

text: labour

text: was

text: the

text: demographic

text: changes

text: that

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: children

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: Due

text: to

text: this

text: substantial

text: shift

text: in

text: available

text: workers

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: industrial

text: revolution

text: children

text: began

text: to

text: work

text: earlier

text: in

text: life

text: in

text: companies

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: Yet

text: even

text: though

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: factories

text: such

text: as

text: cotton

text: textiles

text: there

text: consistently

text: was

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: children

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: agriculture

text: and

text: domestic

text: production

question: What type of support did child give to their families by working?

answer: financially

text: financially

question: What type of factories saw an increased need for child labour?

answer: cotton textiles

text: cotton textiles

question: Was there an increase or decrease in the field of agriculture?

answer: large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture

text: large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture


text: From 1996 to 2002, Tuvalu was one of the best-performing Pacific Island economies and achieved an average real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 5.6% per annum. Since 2002 economic growth has slowed, with GDP growth of 1.5% in 2008. Tuvalu was exposed to rapid rises in world prices of fuel and food in 2008, with the level of inflation peaking at 13.4%. The International Monetary Fund 2010 Report on Tuvalu estimates that Tuvalu experienced zero growth in its 2010 GDP, after the economy contracted by about 2% in 2009. On 5 August 2012, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation with Tuvalu, and assessed the economy of Tuvalu: "A slow recovery is underway in Tuvalu, but there are important risks. GDP grew in 2011 for the first time since the global financial crisis, led by the private retail sector and education spending. We expect growth to rise slowly". The IMF 2014 Country Report noted that real GDP growth in Tuvalu had been volatile averaging only 1 percent in the past decade. The 2014 Country Report describes economic growth prospects as generally positive as the result of large revenues from fishing licenses, together with substantial foreign aid.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: From

text: to

text: Tuvalu

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: performing

text: Pacific

text: Island

text: economies

text: and

text: achieved

text: an

text: average

text: real

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: GDP

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: annum

text: Since

text: economic

text: growth

text: has

text: slowed

text: with

text: GDP

text: growth

text: of

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: was

text: exposed

text: to

text: rapid

text: rises

text: in

text: world

text: prices

text: of

text: fuel

text: and

text: food

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: inflation

text: peaking

text: at

text: The

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: Report

text: on

text: Tuvalu

text: estimates

text: that

text: Tuvalu

text: experienced

text: zero

text: growth

text: in

text: its

text: GDP

text: after

text: the

text: economy

text: contracted

text: by

text: about

text: in

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: Executive

text: Board

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: IMF

text: concluded

text: the

text: Article

text: IV

text: consultation

text: with

text: Tuvalu

text: and

text: assessed

text: the

text: economy

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: A

text: slow

text: recovery

text: is

text: underway

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: important

text: risks

text: GDP

text: grew

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: the

text: global

text: financial

text: crisis

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: private

text: retail

text: sector

text: and

text: education

text: spending

text: We

text: expect

text: growth

text: to

text: rise

text: slowly

text: The

text: IMF

text: Country

text: Report

text: noted

text: that

text: real

text: GDP

text: growth

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: had

text: been

text: volatile

text: averaging

text: only

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: decade

text: The

text: Country

text: Report

text: describes

text: economic

text: growth

text: prospects

text: as

text: generally

text: positive

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: large

text: revenues

text: from

text: fishing

text: licenses

text: together

text: with

text: substantial

text: foreign

text: aid

question: What was Tuvalu's GDP rate from 1996 to 2002?

answer: 5.6%

question: What has been the GDP of Tuvalu in 2008?

answer: 1.5%

question: What rises in cost have effected Tuvalu's domestic growth?

answer: fuel and food

text: fuel and food

question: What has been the level of domestic growth in 2010 on Tuvalu?

answer: zero growth

text: zero growth

question: What does Tuvalu expect as a return in fishing licenses and foreign aid?

answer: large revenues

text: large revenues


text: For instance, a common use of a database system is to track information about users, their name, login information, various addresses and phone numbers. In the navigational approach all of this data would be placed in a single record, and unused items would simply not be placed in the database. In the relational approach, the data would be normalized into a user table, an address table and a phone number table (for instance). Records would be created in these optional tables only if the address or phone numbers were actually provided.

title: Database

title: Database

text: For

text: instance

text: a

text: common

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: database

text: system

text: is

text: to

text: track

text: information

text: about

text: users

text: their

text: name

text: login

text: information

text: various

text: addresses

text: and

text: phone

text: numbers

text: In

text: the

text: navigational

text: approach

text: all

text: of

text: this

text: data

text: would

text: be

text: placed

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: record

text: and

text: unused

text: items

text: would

text: simply

text: not

text: be

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: database

text: In

text: the

text: relational

text: approach

text: the

text: data

text: would

text: be

text: normalized

text: into

text: a

text: user

text: table

text: an

text: address

text: table

text: and

text: a

text: phone

text: number

text: table

text: for

text: instance

text: Records

text: would

text: be

text: created

text: in

text: these

text: optional

text: tables

text: only

text: if

text: the

text: address

text: or

text: phone

text: numbers

text: were

text: actually

text: provided

question: How is a database system frequently used?

answer: to track information about users

text: to track information about users

question: How is information stored in a navigational system?

answer: in a single record

text: in a single record

question: What happens to blank data fields in a navigational system?

answer: not be placed in the database

text: not be placed in the database

question: How is information stored in a relational system?

answer: normalized into a user table

text: normalized into a user table

question: How is a database system rarely used?

text: to track information about users

question: How is information discarded in a navigational system?

text: in a single record

question: What happens to full data fields in a navigational system?

text: not be placed in the database

question: How is information lost in a relational system?

text: normalized into a user table


text: On November 30, 2010, CBC's senior director of regulatory affairs issued a letter to the CRTC regarding CBC's plans for transitioning to digital. The letter states, "CBC/Radio-Canada will not be converting its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to digital after August 31, 2011."  On December 16, 2010, some months after the CRTC issued a bulletin reminding broadcasters that analog transmitters had to be shut off by the deadline in mandatory markets, the CBC revised the documents accompanying its August 6, 2010 news release to state that it had the money for and is striving to transition all 27 transmitters by August 31, 2011.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: On

text: November

text: CBC

text: 's

text: senior

text: director

text: of

text: regulatory

text: affairs

text: issued

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: CRTC

text: regarding

text: CBC

text: 's

text: plans

text: for

text: transitioning

text: to

text: digital

text: The

text: letter

text: states

text: CBC

text: Radio

text: Canada

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: converting

text: its

text: analogue

text: retransmitters

text: in

text: mandatory

text: markets

text: to

text: digital

text: after

text: August

text: On

text: December

text: some

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: CRTC

text: issued

text: a

text: bulletin

text: reminding

text: broadcasters

text: that

text: analog

text: transmitters

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: shut

text: off

text: by

text: the

text: deadline

text: in

text: mandatory

text: markets

text: the

text: CBC

text: revised

text: the

text: documents

text: accompanying

text: its

text: August

text: news

text: release

text: to

text: state

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: the

text: money

text: for

text: and

text: is

text: striving

text: to

text: transition

text: all

text: transmitters

text: by

text: August

question: On which day did CBC release an updated announcement stating they were striving to update all 27 transmitters?

answer: On December 16, 2010

text: On December 16, 2010

question: On what date did CBC say it was striving to update its analogue transmitters by?

answer: August 31, 2011

text: August 31, 2011

question: Why did the CTRC send out a bulletin to broadcasters?

answer: reminding broadcasters that analog transmitters had to be shut off by the deadline in mandatory markets

text: reminding broadcasters that analog transmitters had to be shut off by the deadline in mandatory markets

question: The senior director of the CRTC issued a letter to address what concern in November of 2010?

text: plans for transitioning to digital

question: On what day did the CRTC plan to take over the CBC?

text: August 31, 2011

question: The CRTC let broadcasters know the channels would continue to air in a news release in December of what year?

question: How many transmitters existed for the CRTC to regulate?

question: When did the CBC decide to request an extension to convert their transmitters?

text: August 6, 2010


text: The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located on 385 acres (1.6 km2) of woodland. The Academy trains state and local law enforcement agencies, which are invited to the law enforcement training center. The FBI units that reside at Quantico are the Field and Police Training Unit, Firearms Training Unit, Forensic Science Research and Training Center, Technology Services Unit (TSU), Investigative Training Unit, Law Enforcement Communication Unit, Leadership and Management Science Units (LSMU), Physical Training Unit, New Agents' Training Unit (NATU), Practical Applications Unit (PAU), the Investigative Computer Training Unit and the "College of Analytical Studies."

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: Academy

text: located

text: in

text: Quantico

text: Virginia

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: communications

text: and

text: computer

text: laboratory

text: the

text: FBI

text: utilizes

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: where

text: new

text: agents

text: are

text: sent

text: for

text: training

text: to

text: become

text: FBI

text: Special

text: Agents

text: Going

text: through

text: the

text: course

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: every

text: Special

text: Agent

text: First

text: opened

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: facility

text: located

text: on

text: acres

text: of

text: woodland

text: The

text: Academy

text: trains

text: state

text: and

text: local

text: law

text: enforcement

text: agencies

text: which

text: are

text: invited

text: to

text: the

text: law

text: enforcement

text: training

text: center

text: The

text: FBI

text: units

text: that

text: reside

text: at

text: Quantico

text: are

text: the

text: Field

text: and

text: Police

text: Training

text: Unit

text: Firearms

text: Training

text: Unit

text: Forensic

text: Science

text: Research

text: and

text: Training

text: Center

text: Technology

text: Services

text: Unit

text: TSU

text: Investigative

text: Training

text: Unit

text: Law

text: Enforcement

text: Communication

text: Unit

text: Leadership

text: and

text: Management

text: Science

text: Units

text: LSMU

text: Physical

text: Training

text: Unit

text: New

text: Agents

text: Training

text: Unit

text: NATU

text: Practical

text: Applications

text: Unit

text: PAU

text: the

text: Investigative

text: Computer

text: Training

text: Unit

text: and

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Analytical

text: Studies

question: Where are agents sent to become FBI Special Agents?

answer: The FBI Academy

text: The FBI Academy

question: Where is the FBI Academy?

answer: Quantico, Virginia

text: Quantico, Virginia

question: How long is the course required for all special agents?

answer: 21-week

question: What other groups does the FBI Academy train?

answer: state and local law enforcement agencies

text: state and local law enforcement agencies

question: Where is the CIA academy located?

text: Quantico, Virginia

question: What is not required to become a Special Agent?

text: 21-week course

question: When did the FBI Academy close?

question: What is a CIA unit that resides at Quantico?

question: Who does the Academy not train?


text: Systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of European powers between 1650 and 1950. In Africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. Millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, mines and domestic service industries. Sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5–14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft. A system of Pauper Apprenticeship came into practice in the 19th century where the colonial master neither needed the native parents' nor child's approval to assign a child to labour, away from parents, at a distant farm owned by a different colonial master. Other schemes included 'earn-and-learn' programs where children would work and thereby learn. Britain for example passed a law, the so-called Masters and Servants Act of 1899, followed by Tax and Pass Law, to encourage child labour in colonies particularly in Africa. These laws offered the native people the legal ownership to some of the native land in exchange for making labour of wife and children available to colonial government's needs such as in farms and as picannins.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Systematic

text: use

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: was

text: common

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

text: of

text: European

text: powers

text: between

text: and

text: In

text: Africa

text: colonial

text: administrators

text: encouraged

text: traditional

text: kin

text: ordered

text: modes

text: of

text: production

text: that

text: is

text: hiring

text: a

text: household

text: for

text: work

text: not

text: just

text: the

text: adults

text: Millions

text: of

text: children

text: worked

text: in

text: colonial

text: agricultural

text: plantations

text: mines

text: and

text: domestic

text: service

text: industries

text: Sophisticated

text: schemes

text: were

text: promulgated

text: where

text: children

text: in

text: these

text: colonies

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: were

text: hired

text: as

text: an

text: apprentice

text: without

text: pay

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: learning

text: a

text: craft

text: A

text: system

text: of

text: Pauper

text: Apprenticeship

text: came

text: into

text: practice

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: where

text: the

text: colonial

text: master

text: neither

text: needed

text: the

text: native

text: parents

text: nor

text: child

text: 's

text: approval

text: to

text: assign

text: a

text: child

text: to

text: labour

text: away

text: from

text: parents

text: at

text: a

text: distant

text: farm

text: owned

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: colonial

text: master

text: Other

text: schemes

text: included

text: earn

text: and

text: learn

text: programs

text: where

text: children

text: would

text: work

text: and

text: thereby

text: learn

text: Britain

text: for

text: example

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Masters

text: and

text: Servants

text: Act

text: of

text: followed

text: by

text: Tax

text: and

text: Pass

text: Law

text: to

text: encourage

text: child

text: labour

text: in

text: colonies

text: particularly

text: in

text: Africa

text: These

text: laws

text: offered

text: the

text: native

text: people

text: the

text: legal

text: ownership

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: land

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: making

text: labour

text: of

text: wife

text: and

text: children

text: available

text: to

text: colonial

text: government

text: 's

text: needs

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: farms

text: and

text: as

text: picannins

question: How many children were employed on colonial plantations?

answer: Millions

text: Millions

question: Were young apprentices hired for pay?

answer: without pay

text: without pay

question: Was child labour common in European colonies?

answer: child labour was common place in the colonies of European

text: child labour was common place in the colonies of European

question: What was the age range of colonial child workers?

answer: 5–14

question: What century did apprenticeships begin to take place?

answer: 19th


text: On 15 October 1950, President Truman and General MacArthur met at Wake Island in the mid-Pacific Ocean. This meeting was much publicized because of the General's discourteous refusal to meet the President on the continental United States. To President Truman, MacArthur speculated there was little risk of Chinese intervention in Korea, and that the PRC's opportunity for aiding the KPA had lapsed. He believed the PRC had some 300,000 soldiers in Manchuria, and some 100,000–125,000 soldiers at the Yalu River. He further concluded that, although half of those forces might cross south, "if the Chinese tried to get down to Pyongyang, there would be the greatest slaughter" without air force protection.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: On

text: October

text: President

text: Truman

text: and

text: General

text: MacArthur

text: met

text: at

text: Wake

text: Island

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: This

text: meeting

text: was

text: much

text: publicized

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: 's

text: discourteous

text: refusal

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: President

text: on

text: the

text: continental

text: United

text: States

text: To

text: President

text: Truman

text: MacArthur

text: speculated

text: there

text: was

text: little

text: risk

text: of

text: Chinese

text: intervention

text: in

text: Korea

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: PRC

text: 's

text: opportunity

text: for

text: aiding

text: the

text: KPA

text: had

text: lapsed

text: He

text: believed

text: the

text: PRC

text: had

text: some

text: soldiers

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: some

text: soldiers

text: at

text: the

text: Yalu

text: River

text: He

text: further

text: concluded

text: that

text: although

text: half

text: of

text: those

text: forces

text: might

text: cross

text: south

text: if

text: the

text: Chinese

text: tried

text: to

text: get

text: down

text: to

text: Pyongyang

text: there

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: greatest

text: slaughter

text: without

text: air

text: force

text: protection

question: Where did President Truman and General MacArthur meet on October 15, 1950?

answer: Wake Island

text: Wake Island

question: Who refused to meet on continental United States?

answer: General MacArthur

text: General MacArthur

question: What was President Truman told at this meeting?

answer: little risk of Chinese intervention in Korea

text: little risk of Chinese intervention in Korea

question: Who was not concerned about the idea of Chinese troops moving south into Korea?

answer: General MacArthur

text: General MacArthur

question: What was believed would happen if the Chinese entered the conflict?

answer: the greatest slaughter

text: the greatest slaughter


text: A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. However, the 14th cenutry Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, maintained that he was most likely a Twelver Shia. Conversely, Sharaf Khorasani, citing a rejection of an invitation of the Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi by Avicenna to his court, believes that Avicenna was an Ismaili. Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: theories

text: have

text: been

text: proposed

text: regarding

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: madhab

text: school

text: of

text: thought

text: within

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: Medieval

text: historian

text: Ẓahīr

text: al

text: dīn

text: al

text: Bayhaqī

text: d.

text: considered

text: Avicenna

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: follower

text: of

text: the

text: Brethren

text: of

text: Purity

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Dimitri

text: Gutas

text: along

text: with

text: Aisha

text: Khan

text: and

text: Jules

text: J.

text: Janssens

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: Avicenna

text: was

text: a

text: Sunni

text: Hanafi

text: However

text: the

text: cenutry

text: Shia

text: faqih

text: Nurullah

text: Shushtari

text: according

text: to

text: Seyyed

text: Hossein

text: Nasr

text: maintained

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: most

text: likely

text: a

text: Twelver

text: Shia

text: Conversely

text: Sharaf

text: Khorasani

text: citing

text: a

text: rejection

text: of

text: an

text: invitation

text: of

text: the

text: Sunni

text: Governor

text: Sultan

text: Mahmoud

text: Ghazanavi

text: by

text: Avicenna

text: to

text: his

text: court

text: believes

text: that

text: Avicenna

text: was

text: an

text: Ismaili

text: Similar

text: disagreements

text: exist

text: on

text: the

text: background

text: of

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: family

text: whereas

text: some

text: writers

text: considered

text: them

text: Sunni

text: some

text: more

text: recent

text: writers

text: contested

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: Shia

question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of?

answer: the Brethren of Purity

text: the Brethren of Purity

question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower?

answer: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī

text: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī

question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of?

answer: Sunni

text: Sunni

question: Who thought Avicenna was a Shia?

answer: Nurullah Shushtari

text: Nurullah Shushtari

question: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni?

answer: Jules J. Janssens

text: Jules J. Janssens

question: What type of Islamic school did Avicenna invent?

text: madhab

question: What group did Avicenna found?

text: Brethren of Purity

question: Who did Zahir al-Bayhai belove belonged to the Sunni Hanafi?

text: Avicenna

question: Who's family is considered Sunni by modern writers?

text: Avicenna

question: Who's court did Avicenna join?

text: Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi

question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be followed by?

text: the Brethren of Purity

question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Impurity follower?

question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a rejecter of?

text: Sunni Hanafi

question: Who knew Avicenna was a Shia?

text: Nurullah Shushtari

question: What was the name of one woman who thought Avicenna was Sunni?

text: Jules J. Janssens


text: In the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium and Luxembourg) developments were different. Under Spanish, then Austrian, and then French rule standardisation of Dutch language came to a standstill. The state, law, and increasingly education used French, yet more than half the Belgian population were speaking a Dutch dialect. In the course of the nineteenth century the Flemish movement stood up for the rights of Dutch, mostly called Flemish. But in competing with the French language the variation in dialects was a serious disadvantage. Since standardisation is a lengthy process, Dutch-speaking Belgium associated itself with the standard language that had already developed in the Netherlands over the centuries. Therefore, the situation in Belgium is essentially no different from that in the Netherlands, although there are recognisable differences in pronunciation, comparable to the pronunciation differences between standard British and standard American English. In 1980 the Netherlands and Belgium concluded the Language Union Treaty. This treaty lays down the principle that the two countries must gear their language policy to each other, among other things, for a common system of spelling.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: In

text: the

text: Southern

text: Netherlands

text: now

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Luxembourg

text: developments

text: were

text: different

text: Under

text: Spanish

text: then

text: Austrian

text: and

text: then

text: French

text: rule

text: standardisation

text: of

text: Dutch

text: language

text: came

text: to

text: a

text: standstill

text: The

text: state

text: law

text: and

text: increasingly

text: education

text: used

text: French

text: yet

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: the

text: Belgian

text: population

text: were

text: speaking

text: a

text: Dutch

text: dialect

text: In

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: the

text: Flemish

text: movement

text: stood

text: up

text: for

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: Dutch

text: mostly

text: called

text: Flemish

text: But

text: in

text: competing

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: language

text: the

text: variation

text: in

text: dialects

text: was

text: a

text: serious

text: disadvantage

text: Since

text: standardisation

text: is

text: a

text: lengthy

text: process

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: Belgium

text: associated

text: itself

text: with

text: the

text: standard

text: language

text: that

text: had

text: already

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: Therefore

text: the

text: situation

text: in

text: Belgium

text: is

text: essentially

text: no

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: recognisable

text: differences

text: in

text: pronunciation

text: comparable

text: to

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: differences

text: between

text: standard

text: British

text: and

text: standard

text: American

text: English

text: In

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: Belgium

text: concluded

text: the

text: Language

text: Union

text: Treaty

text: This

text: treaty

text: lays

text: down

text: the

text: principle

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: must

text: gear

text: their

text: language

text: policy

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: for

text: a

text: common

text: system

text: of

text: spelling

question: What was the old name for the geographical region that's now Belgium and Luxembourg?

answer: Southern Netherlands

text: Southern Netherlands

question: What people ruled the Southern Netherlands after the Austrians?

answer: French

text: French

question: What year did the Netherlands and Belgium agree on a treaty to accommodate each other's language?

answer: 1980

question: What was the name of the treaty that brought the dialects of Belgium and the Netherlands together?

answer: Language Union Treaty

text: Language Union Treaty

question: The commonality between Dutch spoken by people in the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking Belgium can be compared to the relationship between British English and what language?

answer: American English

text: American English


text: In more recent years, however, many country pubs have either closed down, or have been converted to establishments intent on providing seating facilities for the consumption of food, rather than a venue for members of the local community meeting and convivially drinking.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: In

text: more

text: recent

text: years

text: however

text: many

text: country

text: pubs

text: have

text: either

text: closed

text: down

text: or

text: have

text: been

text: converted

text: to

text: establishments

text: intent

text: on

text: providing

text: seating

text: facilities

text: for

text: the

text: consumption

text: of

text: food

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: venue

text: for

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: community

text: meeting

text: and

text: convivially

text: drinking

question: What is a frequent modern function of country pubs?

answer: providing seating facilities for the consumption of food

text: providing seating facilities for the consumption of food

question: Along with community meetings, what was the traditional purpose of country pubs?

answer: drinking

text: drinking


text: In Virginia prior to 1920, for example, a person was legally white if having seven-eights or more white ancestry. The one-drop rule originated in some Southern United States in the late 19th century, likely in response to whites' attempt to maintain white supremacy and limit black political power following the Democrats' regaining control of state legislatures in the late 1870s. The first year in which the U.S. Census dropped the mulatto category was 1920; that year enumerators were instructed to classify people in a binary way as white or black. This was a result of the Southern-dominated Congress convincing the Census Bureau to change its rules.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: In

text: Virginia

text: prior

text: to

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: person

text: was

text: legally

text: white

text: if

text: having

text: seven

text: eights

text: or

text: more

text: white

text: ancestry

text: The

text: one

text: drop

text: rule

text: originated

text: in

text: some

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: likely

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: whites

text: attempt

text: to

text: maintain

text: white

text: supremacy

text: and

text: limit

text: black

text: political

text: power

text: following

text: the

text: Democrats

text: regaining

text: control

text: of

text: state

text: legislatures

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: first

text: year

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: dropped

text: the

text: mulatto

text: category

text: was

text: that

text: year

text: enumerators

text: were

text: instructed

text: to

text: classify

text: people

text: in

text: a

text: binary

text: way

text: as

text: white

text: or

text: black

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: dominated

text: Congress

text: convincing

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: to

text: change

text: its

text: rules

question: Before 1920, how would a person be white by law?

answer: if having seven-eights or more white ancestry

text: if having seven-eights or more white ancestry

question: What year was mulatto left off the US Census?

answer: 1920

question: Who is responsible for the Census Bureau discarding the mulatto category?

answer: Southern-dominated Congress

text: Southern-dominated Congress

question: When was a person legally white in South Carolina before 1920?

text: seven-eights or more white ancestry

question: When was the one-drop rule ended?

text: late 19th century

question: What was an attempt to increase black political power?

text: The one-drop rule

question: What was the first year the U.S. Census used the mulatto category?

question: What was the result of a Northern-dominated Congress convincing the Census Bureau to change its rules?


text: Discrete transistors are individually packaged transistors. Transistors come in many different semiconductor packages (see image). The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD). The ball grid array (BGA) is the latest surface-mount package (currently only for large integrated circuits). It has solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads. Because they are smaller and have shorter interconnections, SMDs have better high-frequency characteristics but lower power rating.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: Discrete

text: transistors

text: are

text: individually

text: packaged

text: transistors

text: Transistors

text: come

text: in

text: many

text: different

text: semiconductor

text: packages

text: see

text: image

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: categories

text: are

text: through

text: hole

text: or

text: leaded

text: and

text: surface

text: mount

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: surface

text: mount

text: device

text: SMD

text: The

text: ball

text: grid

text: array

text: BGA

text: is

text: the

text: latest

text: surface

text: mount

text: package

text: currently

text: only

text: for

text: large

text: integrated

text: circuits

text: It

text: has

text: solder

text: balls

text: on

text: the

text: underside

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: leads

text: Because

text: they

text: are

text: smaller

text: and

text: have

text: shorter

text: interconnections

text: SMDs

text: have

text: better

text: high

text: frequency

text: characteristics

text: but

text: lower

text: power

text: rating

question: What is a discrete transistor?

answer: individually packaged transistors

text: individually packaged transistors

question: What are the two most common types of transistor?

answer: through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount

text: through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount

question: What is another name for the surface-mount transistor?

answer: surface-mount device (SMD)

text: surface-mount device (SMD)

question: What is the newest surface-mount transistor?

answer: ball grid array (BGA)

text: ball grid array (BGA)

question: What is a ball grid array composed of?

answer: solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads

text: solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads

question: What is the most common type of transistor?

text: Discrete transistors

question: How many solder "balls" does a Ball Grid Array have?

text: two

question: What is the most common type of semiconductor package?

text: through-hole

question: What is the most important attribute for a transistor to have?

text: power rating

question: What is the oldest type of semiconductor package?

text: through-hole


text: The In-no-cho filled the void left by the decline of Fujiwara power. Rather than being banished, the Fujiwara were mostly retained in their old positions of civil dictator and minister of the center while being bypassed in decision making. In time, many of the Fujiwara were replaced, mostly by members of the rising Minamoto family. While the Fujiwara fell into disputes among themselves and formed northern and southern factions, the insei system allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over the throne. The period from 1086 to 1156 was the age of supremacy of the In-no-cho and of the rise of the military class throughout the country. Military might rather than civil authority dominated the government.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: The

text: In

text: no

text: cho

text: filled

text: the

text: void

text: left

text: by

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: Fujiwara

text: power

text: Rather

text: than

text: being

text: banished

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: were

text: mostly

text: retained

text: in

text: their

text: old

text: positions

text: of

text: civil

text: dictator

text: and

text: minister

text: of

text: the

text: center

text: while

text: being

text: bypassed

text: in

text: decision

text: making

text: In

text: time

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: were

text: replaced

text: mostly

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: rising

text: Minamoto

text: family

text: While

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: fell

text: into

text: disputes

text: among

text: themselves

text: and

text: formed

text: northern

text: and

text: southern

text: factions

text: the

text: insei

text: system

text: allowed

text: the

text: paternal

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: to

text: gain

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: throne

text: The

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: was

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: supremacy

text: of

text: the

text: In

text: no

text: cho

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: class

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: Military

text: might

text: rather

text: than

text: civil

text: authority

text: dominated

text: the

text: government

question: The decline of the Fujiwara's governmental power was filled by what?

answer: In-no-cho

text: In-no-cho

question: The members of what clan gradually replaced the Fujiwaras?

answer: Minamoto

text: Minamoto

question: What allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over royal succession?

answer: insei system

text: insei system

question: The In-no-cho was prominent during what years?

answer: 1086 to 1156

text: 1086 to 1156

question: Who left a void for the Fujiwara to fill?

text: The In-no-cho

question: Who did the emperor banish?

text: Fujiwara

question: Who was sought out in decision making?

text: Fujiwara

question: What other family was replaced by the Fujiwara?

text: Minamoto family


text: Similar to the CD versus LP sound quality debates common in the audiophile community, some videophiles argue that LaserDisc maintains a "smoother", more "film-like", natural image while DVD still looks slightly more artificial. Early DVD demo discs often had compression or encoding problems, lending additional support to such claims at the time. However, the video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of LaserDisc are substantially less than that of DVDs, making DVDs appear sharper and clearer to most viewers.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Similar

text: to

text: the

text: CD

text: versus

text: LP

text: sound

text: quality

text: debates

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: audiophile

text: community

text: some

text: videophiles

text: argue

text: that

text: LaserDisc

text: maintains

text: a

text: smoother

text: more

text: film

text: like

text: natural

text: image

text: while

text: DVD

text: still

text: looks

text: slightly

text: more

text: artificial

text: Early

text: DVD

text: demo

text: discs

text: often

text: had

text: compression

text: or

text: encoding

text: problems

text: lending

text: additional

text: support

text: to

text: such

text: claims

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: However

text: the

text: video

text: signal

text: to

text: noise

text: ratio

text: and

text: bandwidth

text: of

text: LaserDisc

text: are

text: substantially

text: less

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: DVDs

text: making

text: DVDs

text: appear

text: sharper

text: and

text: clearer

text: to

text: most

text: viewers

question: Which format is considered to look most realistic, LaserDisc or DVD?

answer: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

question: Which format, LaserDisc or DVD, is said to appear sharper and clearer to most viewers?

answer: DVDs

text: DVDs

question: What features do LaserDiscs lack in, causing DVDs to appear sharper and clearer?

answer: video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth

text: video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth


text: Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the 8th century. Over time, uncial letter forms were increasingly mixed into the script. The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspenski Gospels (MS 461) in the year 835.[citation needed] The modern practice of capitalising the first letter of every sentence seems to be imported (and is rarely used when printing Ancient Greek materials even today).

title: Letter_case

title: Letter_case

text: Similar

text: developments

text: have

text: taken

text: place

text: in

text: other

text: alphabets

text: The

text: lower

text: case

text: script

text: for

text: the

text: Greek

text: alphabet

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: acquired

text: its

text: quadrilinear

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Over

text: time

text: uncial

text: letter

text: forms

text: were

text: increasingly

text: mixed

text: into

text: the

text: script

text: The

text: earliest

text: dated

text: Greek

text: lower

text: case

text: text

text: is

text: the

text: Uspenski

text: Gospels

text: MS

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: needed

text: The

text: modern

text: practice

text: of

text: capitalising

text: the

text: first

text: letter

text: of

text: every

text: sentence

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: imported

text: and

text: is

text: rarely

text: used

text: when

text: printing

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: materials

text: even

text: today

question: Which century did the lower-case script for the Greek Alphabet originate?

answer: 7th

question: Which century did the Greek alphabet acquire its quadrilinear form?

answer: 8th

question: Overtime which type of letter forms were mixed increasingly into the Greek language script?

answer: uncial

text: uncial

question: Which year is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?

answer: 835

question: In which literature is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?

answer: Uspenski Gospels

text: Uspenski Gospels


text: Composers of classical music have often made use of folk music (music created by musicians who are commonly not classically trained, often from a purely oral tradition). Some composers, like Dvořák and Smetana, have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work, while others like Bartók have used specific themes lifted whole from their folk-music origins.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Composers

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: have

text: often

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: folk

text: music

text: music

text: created

text: by

text: musicians

text: who

text: are

text: commonly

text: not

text: classically

text: trained

text: often

text: from

text: a

text: purely

text: oral

text: tradition

text: Some

text: composers

text: like

text: Dvořák

text: and

text: Smetana

text: have

text: used

text: folk

text: themes

text: to

text: impart

text: a

text: nationalist

text: flavor

text: to

text: their

text: work

text: while

text: others

text: like

text: Bartók

text: have

text: used

text: specific

text: themes

text: lifted

text: whole

text: from

text: their

text: folk

text: music

text: origins

question: Folk musicians are not commonly what?

answer: classically trained

text: classically trained

question: What music comes from those commonly trained by oral tradition?

answer: folk music

text: folk music

question: Dovrak has used what type of themes to impart a nationalist flavor?

answer: folk

text: folk

question: Who used specific themes lifted from folk-music?

answer: Bartók

text: Bartók


text: Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecules in the membrane of the target cell.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Axons

text: transmit

text: signals

text: to

text: other

text: neurons

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: specialized

text: junctions

text: called

text: synapses

text: A

text: single

text: axon

text: may

text: make

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: several

text: thousand

text: synaptic

text: connections

text: with

text: other

text: cells

text: When

text: an

text: action

text: potential

text: traveling

text: along

text: an

text: axon

text: arrives

text: at

text: a

text: synapse

text: it

text: causes

text: a

text: chemical

text: called

text: a

text: neurotransmitter

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: The

text: neurotransmitter

text: binds

text: to

text: receptor

text: molecules

text: in

text: the

text: membrane

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: cell

question: Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?

answer: synapses

text: synapses

question: The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell?

answer: receptor molecules

text: receptor molecules

question: An axon can connect to how many other cells?

answer: several thousand

text: several thousand


text: On 16 March 2011, the freighter MS Oliva ran aground on Nightingale Island, spilling tons of heavy fuel oil into the ocean, leaving an oil slick threatening the island's population of rockhopper penguins. Nightingale Island has no fresh water, so the penguins were transported to Tristan da Cunha for cleaning.

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: freighter

text: MS

text: Oliva

text: ran

text: aground

text: on

text: Nightingale

text: Island

text: spilling

text: tons

text: of

text: heavy

text: fuel

text: oil

text: into

text: the

text: ocean

text: leaving

text: an

text: oil

text: slick

text: threatening

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: rockhopper

text: penguins

text: Nightingale

text: Island

text: has

text: no

text: fresh

text: water

text: so

text: the

text: penguins

text: were

text: transported

text: to

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: for

text: cleaning

question: When did the freighter Nightingale run aground?

answer: March 2011

text: March 2011

question: What was spilled when the freighter ran aground?

answer: heavy fuel oil

text: heavy fuel oil

question: what animal was threatened with the fuel oil spill?

answer: rockhopper penguins

text: rockhopper penguins

question: where were the penguins transported for cleaning?

answer: Tristan da Cunha

text: Tristan da Cunha

question: When did MS Oliva spill Tristan da Cunha into the ocean?

text: 16 March 2011

question: What was spilled into rockhopper penguins on March 16, 2011?

text: heavy fuel oil

question: Who was responsible for spilling tons of rockhopper penguins in the ocean?

text: freighter MS Oliva

question: What was transported to NIghtingale Island for cleaning?

text: penguins

question: Where was the heavy fuel oil transported to for cleaning?

text: Tristan da Cunha


text: A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to this is compound device, in which the host assigns each logical device a distinctive address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable.

title: USB

title: USB

text: A

text: physical

text: USB

text: device

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: several

text: logical

text: sub

text: devices

text: that

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: device

text: functions

text: A

text: single

text: device

text: may

text: provide

text: several

text: functions

text: for

text: example

text: a

text: webcam

text: video

text: device

text: function

text: with

text: a

text: built

text: in

text: microphone

text: audio

text: device

text: function

text: This

text: kind

text: of

text: device

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: composite

text: device

text: An

text: alternative

text: to

text: this

text: is

text: compound

text: device

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: host

text: assigns

text: each

text: logical

text: device

text: a

text: distinctive

text: address

text: and

text: all

text: logical

text: devices

text: connect

text: to

text: a

text: built

text: in

text: hub

text: that

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: physical

text: USB

text: cable

question: What are logical sub-devices referred to as?

answer: device functions

text: device functions

question: A single device can provide an audio device function such as?

answer: built-in microphone

text: built-in microphone

question: A single device can provide a video device function such as?

answer: a webcam

text: a webcam


text: In most cases, the non-penalized team will have the option of declining the penalty; in which case the results of the previous play stand as if the penalty had not been called. One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs. After the kick is made, change of possession occurs and subsequent penalties are assessed against either the spot where the ball is caught, or the runback.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: the

text: non

text: penalized

text: team

text: will

text: have

text: the

text: option

text: of

text: declining

text: the

text: penalty

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: play

text: stand

text: as

text: if

text: the

text: penalty

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: called

text: One

text: notable

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: is

text: if

text: the

text: kicking

text: team

text: on

text: a

text: down

text: punt

text: play

text: is

text: penalized

text: before

text: the

text: kick

text: occurs

text: the

text: receiving

text: team

text: may

text: not

text: decline

text: the

text: penalty

text: and

text: take

text: over

text: on

text: downs

text: After

text: the

text: kick

text: is

text: made

text: change

text: of

text: possession

text: occurs

text: and

text: subsequent

text: penalties

text: are

text: assessed

text: against

text: either

text: the

text: spot

text: where

text: the

text: ball

text: is

text: caught

text: or

text: the

text: runback

question: Who can decline a penalty?

answer: the non-penalized team

text: the non-penalized team

question: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down?

answer: 3rd down

text: 3rd down

question: The outcome of which play determines the placement of the ball when a penalty is declined?

answer: the previous play

text: the previous play

question: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play?

answer: decline the penalty

text: decline the penalty

question: Who can decline a previous play?

text: the non-penalized team

question: What will stand as if the 3rd down punt play had not been called?

text: the results of the previous play

question: After the runback is made what happens?

text: change of possession occurs

question: What is an exception to the change of possession for the non-penalized team?

question: After change of possession, what are assessed against the kicking team or the receiving team?

text: subsequent penalties


text: Theories dealing with perception either use one or multiples perceptions in order to find an emotion (Goldie, 2007).A recent hybrid of the somatic and cognitive theories of emotion is the perceptual theory. This theory is neo-Jamesian in arguing that bodily responses are central to emotions, yet it emphasizes the meaningfulness of emotions or the idea that emotions are about something, as is recognized by cognitive theories. The novel claim of this theory is that conceptually-based cognition is unnecessary for such meaning. Rather the bodily changes themselves perceive the meaningful content of the emotion because of being causally triggered by certain situations. In this respect, emotions are held to be analogous to faculties such as vision or touch, which provide information about the relation between the subject and the world in various ways. A sophisticated defense of this view is found in philosopher Jesse Prinz's book Gut Reactions, and psychologist James Laird's book Feelings.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Theories

text: dealing

text: with

text: perception

text: either

text: use

text: one

text: or

text: multiples

text: perceptions

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: find

text: an

text: emotion

text: Goldie

text: recent

text: hybrid

text: of

text: the

text: somatic

text: and

text: cognitive

text: theories

text: of

text: emotion

text: is

text: the

text: perceptual

text: theory

text: This

text: theory

text: is

text: neo

text: Jamesian

text: in

text: arguing

text: that

text: bodily

text: responses

text: are

text: central

text: to

text: emotions

text: yet

text: it

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: meaningfulness

text: of

text: emotions

text: or

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: emotions

text: are

text: about

text: something

text: as

text: is

text: recognized

text: by

text: cognitive

text: theories

text: The

text: novel

text: claim

text: of

text: this

text: theory

text: is

text: that

text: conceptually

text: based

text: cognition

text: is

text: unnecessary

text: for

text: such

text: meaning

text: Rather

text: the

text: bodily

text: changes

text: themselves

text: perceive

text: the

text: meaningful

text: content

text: of

text: the

text: emotion

text: because

text: of

text: being

text: causally

text: triggered

text: by

text: certain

text: situations

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: emotions

text: are

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: analogous

text: to

text: faculties

text: such

text: as

text: vision

text: or

text: touch

text: which

text: provide

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: relation

text: between

text: the

text: subject

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: A

text: sophisticated

text: defense

text: of

text: this

text: view

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: philosopher

text: Jesse

text: Prinz

text: 's

text: book

text: Gut

text: Reactions

text: and

text: psychologist

text: James

text: Laird

text: 's

text: book

text: Feelings

question: What theory argues that conceptual cognition is not required for emotional meaning?

answer: the perceptual theory

text: the perceptual theory

question: What book by Prinz defended the perceptual theory?

answer: Gut Reactions

text: Gut Reactions

question: What book on the perceptual theory was written by James Laird?

answer: Feelings

text: Feelings

question: What is Laird's job title?

answer: psychologist

text: psychologist

question: What is Jesse Prinz's profession?

answer: philosopher

text: philosopher

question: What theory doesn't argue that conceptual cognition is not required for emotional meaning?

text: perceptual theory

question: What book by Prinz didn't defend the perceptual theory?

text: Gut Reactions

question: What book on the perceptual theory wasn't written by James Laird?

text: Feelings

question: What is Laird's mother's name?

text: Jesse


text: As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: As

text: of

text: children

text: and

text: teenagers

text: years

text: old

text: make

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: while

text: adults

text: years

text: old

text: make

text: up

text: and

text: seniors

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: make

text: up

question: What percent of the population are 19 years old and under?

answer: 15.1%

question: What percent of the population are between 20-64?

answer: 65%

question: What percent of the population are over 64 years old?

answer: 19.9%

question: What age group has most of the population included?

answer: adults

text: adults


text: The trustees of Columbia University refused to accept Eisenhower's resignation in December 1950, when he took an extended leave from the university to become the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and he was given operational command of NATO forces in Europe. Eisenhower retired from active service as an Army general on May 31, 1952, and he resumed his presidency of Columbia. He held this position until January 20, 1953, when he became the President of the United States.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: The

text: trustees

text: of

text: Columbia

text: University

text: refused

text: to

text: accept

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: resignation

text: in

text: December

text: when

text: he

text: took

text: an

text: extended

text: leave

text: from

text: the

text: university

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: given

text: operational

text: command

text: of

text: NATO

text: forces

text: in

text: Europe

text: Eisenhower

text: retired

text: from

text: active

text: service

text: as

text: an

text: Army

text: general

text: on

text: May

text: and

text: he

text: resumed

text: his

text: presidency

text: of

text: Columbia

text: He

text: held

text: this

text: position

text: until

text: January

text: when

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: When was Eisenhower's resignation of Columbia turned down?

answer: December 1950

text: December 1950

question: What role did Eisenhower fill after leaving Columbia?

answer: Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

text: Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

question: On what date did Eisenhower leave active duty in the military?

answer: May 31, 1952

text: May 31, 1952

question: What job did Eisenhower hold after his second tenure as president of Columbia?

answer: President of the United States

text: President of the United States

question: When did Eisenhower become President of the United States?

answer: January 20, 1953

text: January 20, 1953