text: In December 2015, West released a song titled "Facts". He announced in January 2016 on Twitter that SWISH would be released on February 11, after releasing new song "Real Friends" and a snippet of "No More Parties in L.A." with Kendrick Lamar. This also revived the GOOD Fridays initiative in which Kanye releases new singles every Friday. On January 26, 2016, West revealed he had renamed the album from SWISH to Waves, and also announced the premier of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line at Madison Square Garden. In early 2016, several weeks prior to the release of his new album, West became embroiled in a short-lived social media altercation with rapper Wiz Khalifa on Twitter that eventually involved their mutual ex-partner, Amber Rose, who protested to West's mention of her and Khalifa's child. The feud involved allegations by Rose concerning her sexual relationship with West, and received significant media attention. As of February 2, 2016, West and Khalifa had reconciled. Several days ahead of the album's release, West again changed the title, this time to The Life of Pablo. On February 11, West premiered the album at Madison Square Garden as part of the presentation of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line. Following the preview, West announced that he would be modifying the track list once more before its release to the public, and further delayed its release to finalize the recording of the track "Waves" at the behest of co-writer Chance the Rapper. He released the album exclusively on Tidal on 14 February 2016 following a performance on SNL.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: In

text: December

text: West

text: released

text: a

text: song

text: titled

text: Facts

text: He

text: announced

text: in

text: January

text: on

text: Twitter

text: that

text: SWISH

text: would

text: be

text: released

text: on

text: February

text: after

text: releasing

text: new

text: song

text: Real

text: Friends

text: and

text: a

text: snippet

text: of

text: No

text: More

text: Parties

text: in

text: L.A.

text: with

text: Kendrick

text: Lamar

text: This

text: also

text: revived

text: the

text: GOOD

text: Fridays

text: initiative

text: in

text: which

text: Kanye

text: releases

text: new

text: singles

text: every

text: Friday

text: On

text: January

text: West

text: revealed

text: he

text: had

text: renamed

text: the

text: album

text: from

text: SWISH

text: to

text: Waves

text: and

text: also

text: announced

text: the

text: premier

text: of

text: his

text: Yeezy

text: Season

text: clothing

text: line

text: at

text: Madison

text: Square

text: Garden

text: In

text: early

text: several

text: weeks

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: his

text: new

text: album

text: West

text: became

text: embroiled

text: in

text: a

text: short

text: lived

text: social

text: media

text: altercation

text: with

text: rapper

text: Wiz

text: Khalifa

text: on

text: Twitter

text: that

text: eventually

text: involved

text: their

text: mutual

text: ex

text: partner

text: Amber

text: Rose

text: who

text: protested

text: to

text: West

text: 's

text: mention

text: of

text: her

text: and

text: Khalifa

text: 's

text: child

text: The

text: feud

text: involved

text: allegations

text: by

text: Rose

text: concerning

text: her

text: sexual

text: relationship

text: with

text: West

text: and

text: received

text: significant

text: media

text: attention

text: As

text: of

text: February

text: West

text: and

text: Khalifa

text: had

text: reconciled

text: Several

text: days

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: release

text: West

text: again

text: changed

text: the

text: title

text: this

text: time

text: to

text: The

text: Life

text: of

text: Pablo

text: On

text: February

text: West

text: premiered

text: the

text: album

text: at

text: Madison

text: Square

text: Garden

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: his

text: Yeezy

text: Season

text: clothing

text: line

text: Following

text: the

text: preview

text: West

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: be

text: modifying

text: the

text: track

text: list

text: once

text: more

text: before

text: its

text: release

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: further

text: delayed

text: its

text: release

text: to

text: finalize

text: the

text: recording

text: of

text: the

text: track

text: Waves

text: at

text: the

text: behest

text: of

text: co

text: writer

text: Chance

text: the

text: Rapper

text: He

text: released

text: the

text: album

text: exclusively

text: on

text: Tidal

text: on

text: February

text: following

text: a

text: performance

text: on

text: SNL

question: What was the tentative release date announced for Kanye's next studio album?

answer: February 11

text: February 11

question: What was Kanye's next album renamed again to?

answer: Waves

text: Waves

question: With what other rapper did Kanye west have a Twitter feud with in early 2016?

answer: Wiz Khalifa

text: Wiz Khalifa

question: What became the final title of Kanye's next album?

answer: The Life of Pablo

text: The Life of Pablo

question: What platform was The Life of Pablo officially released on?

answer: Tidal

text: Tidal

question: What song  by West was debuted in December 2015?

answer: "Facts"

text: "Facts"

question: On January 26, 2016, Kanye told the world he changed the name of his next album from SWISH to what?

answer: Waves

text: Waves

question: What artist did Kanye West have a feud with over Amber Rose?

answer: Wiz Khalifa

text: Wiz Khalifa

question: What was the name of Kanye's clothing line premiered at Madison Square Garden?

answer: Yeezy Season 3

text: Yeezy Season 3


text: Seafood and fish dishes include squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass. Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads. Common vegetable preparations include potatoes in olive oil and parsley, pickled cauliflower and beets, asparagus and taro. Other traditional delicacies of are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as lountza (smoked pork loin), charcoal-grilled lamb, souvlaki (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and sheftalia (minced meat wrapped in mesentery). Pourgouri (bulgur, cracked wheat) is the traditional source of carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the delicacy koubes.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Seafood

text: and

text: fish

text: dishes

text: include

text: squid

text: octopus

text: red

text: mullet

text: and

text: sea

text: bass

text: Cucumber

text: and

text: tomato

text: are

text: used

text: widely

text: in

text: salads

text: Common

text: vegetable

text: preparations

text: include

text: potatoes

text: in

text: olive

text: oil

text: and

text: parsley

text: pickled

text: cauliflower

text: and

text: beets

text: asparagus

text: and

text: taro

text: Other

text: traditional

text: delicacies

text: of

text: are

text: meat

text: marinated

text: in

text: dried

text: coriander

text: seeds

text: and

text: wine

text: and

text: eventually

text: dried

text: and

text: smoked

text: such

text: as

text: lountza

text: smoked

text: pork

text: loin

text: charcoal

text: grilled

text: lamb

text: souvlaki

text: pork

text: and

text: chicken

text: cooked

text: over

text: charcoal

text: and

text: sheftalia

text: minced

text: meat

text: wrapped

text: in

text: mesentery

text: Pourgouri

text: bulgur

text: cracked

text: wheat

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: source

text: of

text: carbohydrate

text: other

text: than

text: bread

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: delicacy

text: koubes

question: What are some famous seafood and fish dishes?

answer: squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass

text: squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass

question: What fruits are commonly used in foods?

answer: Cucumber and tomato

text: Cucumber and tomato

question: What is lountza?

answer: smoked pork loin

text: smoked pork loin

question: What is souvlaki?

answer: pork and chicken cooked over charcoal

text: pork and chicken cooked over charcoal

question: What is sheftalia?

answer: minced meat wrapped in mesentery

text: minced meat wrapped in mesentery


text: With filming completed in Rome, production moved to Mexico City in late March to shoot the film's opening sequence, with scenes to include the Day of the Dead festival filmed in and around the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district. The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter flown by stunt pilot Chuck Aaron, which called for modifications to be made to several buildings to prevent damage. This particular scene in Mexico required 1,500 extras, 10 giant skeletons and 250,000 paper flowers. Reports in the Mexican media added that the film's second unit would move to Palenque in the state of Chiapas, to film aerial manoeuvres considered too dangerous to shoot in an urban area.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: With

text: filming

text: completed

text: in

text: Rome

text: production

text: moved

text: to

text: Mexico

text: City

text: in

text: late

text: March

text: to

text: shoot

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: opening

text: sequence

text: with

text: scenes

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: festival

text: filmed

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: Zócalo

text: and

text: the

text: Centro

text: Histórico

text: district

text: The

text: planned

text: scenes

text: required

text: the

text: city

text: square

text: to

text: be

text: closed

text: for

text: filming

text: a

text: sequence

text: involving

text: a

text: fight

text: aboard

text: a

text: Messerschmitt

text: Bölkow

text: Blohm

text: Bo

text: helicopter

text: flown

text: by

text: stunt

text: pilot

text: Chuck

text: Aaron

text: which

text: called

text: for

text: modifications

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: to

text: several

text: buildings

text: to

text: prevent

text: damage

text: This

text: particular

text: scene

text: in

text: Mexico

text: required

text: extras

text: giant

text: skeletons

text: and

text: paper

text: flowers

text: Reports

text: in

text: the

text: Mexican

text: media

text: added

text: that

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: second

text: unit

text: would

text: move

text: to

text: Palenque

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chiapas

text: to

text: film

text: aerial

text: manoeuvres

text: considered

text: too

text: dangerous

text: to

text: shoot

text: in

text: an

text: urban

text: area

question: Where did Spectre filming take place after Rome?

answer: Mexico City

text: Mexico City

question: Which celebration was featured in the Mexico City part of the production?

answer: Day of the Dead

text: Day of the Dead

question: Which areas were shown in the Day of the Dead scene in Spectre?

answer: the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district

text: the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district

question: How many additional actors were needed for the shoot in Mexico City?

answer: 1,500

question: Where were the scenes featuring planes shot?

answer: Palenque

text: Palenque

question: What festival was included in the scenes shot in Mexico?

answer: the Day of the Dead festival

text: the Day of the Dead festival

question: What type of helicopter was used for the flight scenes?

answer: a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter

text: a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter

question: Where in Mexico were the Day of the Dead scenes shot?

answer: Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district

text: Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district

question: Filming moved to which city in late May?

text: Mexico

question: In which city was the film's closing sequence filmed?

text: Mexico

question: What was closed in order to film a fight sequence using a boat?

text: city square

question: The scene in which square required about 2,500 extras?

text: city


text: In its April 2010 report, Progressive ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Schwarzenegger's term as governor.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: In

text: its

text: April

text: report

text: Progressive

text: ethics

text: watchdog

text: group

text: Citizens

text: for

text: Responsibility

text: and

text: Ethics

text: in

text: Washington

text: named

text: Schwarzenegger

text: one

text: of

text: worst

text: governors

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: because

text: of

text: various

text: ethics

text: issues

text: throughout

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: term

text: as

text: governor

question: What group awarded Schwarzenegger the title of one of the 11 "worst governors" in a 2010 report?

answer: Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington

text: Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington


text: Chopin's life and his relations with George Sand have been fictionalized in numerous films. The 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination as Best Actor for his portrayal of the composer. Other film treatments have included: La valse de l'adieu (France, 1928) by Henry Roussel, with Pierre Blanchar as Chopin; Impromptu (1991), starring Hugh Grant as Chopin; La note bleue (1991); and Chopin: Desire for Love (2002).

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: life

text: and

text: his

text: relations

text: with

text: George

text: Sand

text: have

text: been

text: fictionalized

text: in

text: numerous

text: films

text: The

text: biographical

text: film

text: A

text: Song

text: to

text: Remember

text: earned

text: Cornel

text: Wilde

text: an

text: Academy

text: Award

text: nomination

text: as

text: Best

text: Actor

text: for

text: his

text: portrayal

text: of

text: the

text: composer

text: Other

text: film

text: treatments

text: have

text: included

text: La

text: valse

text: de

text: l'adieu

text: France

text: by

text: Henry

text: Roussel

text: with

text: Pierre

text: Blanchar

text: as

text: Chopin

text: Impromptu

text: starring

text: Hugh

text: Grant

text: as

text: Chopin

text: La

text: note

text: bleue

text: and

text: Chopin

text: Desire

text: for

text: Love

question: What was the name of the 1945 movie released about Chopin?

answer: A Song to Remember

text: A Song to Remember

question: What is the name of the actor who received and Oscar nomination for his role as Chopin?

answer: Cornel Wilde

text: Cornel Wilde

question: What year was  La valse de l'adieu released?

answer: 1928

question: Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu?

answer: Hugh Grant

text: Hugh Grant

question: Chopins relations with whom have been fictionalized in movies?

answer: George Sand

text: George Sand

question: What 1945 film was a fictionalized accounting of the relationship between Chopin and Sand?

answer: A Song to Remember

text: A Song to Remember

question: Who portrayed Chopin in A Song to Remember?

answer: Cornel Wilde

text: Cornel Wilde

question: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1928 film, La valse de l'adieu?

answer: Pierre Blanchar

text: Pierre Blanchar

question: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1991 film, Impromptu?

answer: Hugh Grant

text: Hugh Grant


text: According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: According

text: to

text: Vitruvius

text: the

text: architect

text: should

text: strive

text: to

text: fulfill

text: each

text: of

text: these

text: three

text: attributes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: possible

text: Leon

text: Battista

text: Alberti

text: who

text: elaborates

text: on

text: the

text: ideas

text: of

text: Vitruvius

text: in

text: his

text: treatise

text: De

text: Re

text: Aedificatoria

text: saw

text: beauty

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: proportion

text: although

text: ornament

text: also

text: played

text: a

text: part

text: For

text: Alberti

text: the

text: rules

text: of

text: proportion

text: were

text: those

text: that

text: governed

text: the

text: idealised

text: human

text: figure

text: the

text: Golden

text: mean

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: aspect

text: of

text: beauty

text: was

text: therefore

text: an

text: inherent

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: rather

text: than

text: something

text: applied

text: superficially

text: and

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: universal

text: recognisable

text: truths

text: The

text: notion

text: of

text: style

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: was

text: not

text: developed

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: Vasari

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: his

text: Lives

text: of

text: the

text: Most

text: Excellent

text: Painters

text: Sculptors

text: and

text: Architects

text: had

text: been

text: translated

text: into

text: Italian

text: French

text: Spanish

text: and

text: English

question: When were the styles of arts created?

answer: 16th century

text: 16th century

question: Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?

answer: Vasari

text: Vasari

question: By the 18th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?

answer: Italian, French, Spanish and English

text: Italian, French, Spanish and English

question: In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles carried out?

answer: architect

text: architect

question: Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria?

answer: Leon Battista Alberti

text: Leon Battista Alberti

question: What did Leon Battista Alberti consider most important for beauty?

answer: proportion

text: proportion

question: What ideal proportion did Alberti promote?

answer: the Golden mean

text: the Golden mean

question: In what century did "style" as an artistic concept arise?

answer: 16th

question: What was created in the 17th century?

text: style in the arts

question: Who wrote Lives of the Least Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?

text: Vasari

question: By the 16th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?

text: Italian, French, Spanish and English

question: In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles rejected?

text: architect

question: Who wrote Re Re Aedificatoria?

text: Leon Battista Alberti


text: Windows Store apps run within a new set of APIs known as Windows Runtime, which supports programming languages such as C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript. If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows, otherwise they are not binary code compatible. Components may be compiled as Windows Runtime Components, permitting consumption by all compatible languages. To ensure stability and security, apps run within a sandboxed environment, and require permissions to access certain functionality, such as accessing the Internet or a camera.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: Store

text: apps

text: run

text: within

text: a

text: new

text: set

text: of

text: APIs

text: known

text: as

text: Windows

text: Runtime

text: which

text: supports

text: programming

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: C

text: C++

text: Visual

text: Basic

text: .NET

text: C

text: along

text: with

text: and

text: JavaScript

text: If

text: written

text: in

text: some

text: high

text: level

text: languages

text: apps

text: written

text: for

text: Windows

text: Runtime

text: can

text: be

text: compatible

text: with

text: both

text: Intel

text: and

text: ARM

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: otherwise

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: binary

text: code

text: compatible

text: Components

text: may

text: be

text: compiled

text: as

text: Windows

text: Runtime

text: Components

text: permitting

text: consumption

text: by

text: all

text: compatible

text: languages

text: To

text: ensure

text: stability

text: and

text: security

text: apps

text: run

text: within

text: a

text: sandboxed

text: environment

text: and

text: require

text: permissions

text: to

text: access

text: certain

text: functionality

text: such

text: as

text: accessing

text: the

text: Internet

text: or

text: a

text: camera

question: What programming languages does Windows Runtime work with?

answer: C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript

text: C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript

question: What makes Windows apps binary code compatible?

answer: If written in some "high-level" languages

text: If written in some "high-level" languages

question: What does compiling components as Windows Runtime make possible?

answer: permitting consumption by all compatible languages

text: permitting consumption by all compatible languages

question: What kind of environment provides Windows apps extra security?

answer: sandboxed environment

text: sandboxed environment

question: What programming languages does Windows Downtime work with?

question: What programming languages does Windows Runtime work without?

question: What makes Windows apps unary code compatible?

text: written in some "high-level" languages

question: What does compiling components as Windows Runtime make impossible?

question: What kind of environment provides Windows apps less security?

text: sandboxed environment


text: Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films. The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called Duel. The film is about a psychotic Peterbilt 281 tanker truck driver who chases the terrified driver (Dennis Weaver) of a small Plymouth Valiant and tries to run him off the road. Special praise of this film by the influential British critic Dilys Powell was highly significant to Spielberg's career. Another TV film (Something Evil) was made and released to capitalize on the popularity of The Exorcist, then a major best-selling book which had not yet been released as a film. He fulfilled his contract by directing the TV film-length pilot of a show called Savage, starring Martin Landau. Spielberg's debut full-length feature film was The Sugarland Express, about a married couple who are chased by police as the couple tries to regain custody of their baby. Spielberg's cinematography for the police chase was praised by reviewers, and The Hollywood Reporter stated that "a major new director is on the horizon.":223 However, the film fared poorly at the box office and received a limited release.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: Universal

text: signed

text: Spielberg

text: to

text: do

text: four

text: TV

text: films

text: The

text: first

text: was

text: a

text: Richard

text: Matheson

text: adaptation

text: called

text: Duel

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: about

text: a

text: psychotic

text: Peterbilt

text: tanker

text: truck

text: driver

text: who

text: chases

text: the

text: terrified

text: driver

text: Dennis

text: Weaver

text: of

text: a

text: small

text: Plymouth

text: Valiant

text: and

text: tries

text: to

text: run

text: him

text: off

text: the

text: road

text: Special

text: praise

text: of

text: this

text: film

text: by

text: the

text: influential

text: British

text: critic

text: Dilys

text: Powell

text: was

text: highly

text: significant

text: to

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: career

text: Another

text: TV

text: film

text: Something

text: Evil

text: was

text: made

text: and

text: released

text: to

text: capitalize

text: on

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: The

text: Exorcist

text: then

text: a

text: major

text: best

text: selling

text: book

text: which

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: released

text: as

text: a

text: film

text: He

text: fulfilled

text: his

text: contract

text: by

text: directing

text: the

text: TV

text: film

text: length

text: pilot

text: of

text: a

text: show

text: called

text: Savage

text: starring

text: Martin

text: Landau

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: debut

text: full

text: length

text: feature

text: film

text: was

text: The

text: Sugarland

text: Express

text: about

text: a

text: married

text: couple

text: who

text: are

text: chased

text: by

text: police

text: as

text: the

text: couple

text: tries

text: to

text: regain

text: custody

text: of

text: their

text: baby

text: Spielberg

text: 's

text: cinematography

text: for

text: the

text: police

text: chase

text: was

text: praised

text: by

text: reviewers

text: and

text: The

text: Hollywood

text: Reporter

text: stated

text: that

text: a

text: major

text: new

text: director

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: However

text: the

text: film

text: fared

text: poorly

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: and

text: received

text: a

text: limited

text: release

question: How many TV films did Universal sign Spielbergo to direct?

answer: four

text: four

question: What British critic helped boost Steven Spielberg's career?

answer: Dilys Powell

text: Dilys Powell

question: Who starred in the TV show "Savage"?

answer: Martin Landau

text: Martin Landau

question: How did Steven Spielberg's film "The Sugarland Express" do in the box office?

answer: poorly

text: poorly

question: What were the married couple in Steven Spielberg's film "The Sugarland Express" trying to regain?

answer: custody of their baby

text: custody of their baby

question: How many TV movies was Spielberg signed to direct?

answer: four

text: four

question: What kind of truck was 'Duel' about?

answer: Peterbilt 281 tanker

text: Peterbilt 281 tanker

question: Which British critic praised 'Duel'?

answer: Dilys Powell

text: Dilys Powell

question: Which TV film Spielberg directed played off 'The Exorcist'?

answer: Something Evil

text: Something Evil

question: Who starred in 'Savage'/

answer: Martin Landau

text: Martin Landau

question: Who starred in Duel as the tanker truck driver?

text: Dennis Weaver

question: Who starred in Something Evil?

text: Martin Landau

question: Who starred as the father in The Sugarland Express?

text: Dennis Weaver

question: What was the tv movie Savage about?

question: Who starred as the mother in The Sugarland Express?

text: Dilys Powell


text: Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: Several

text: systems

text: were

text: proposed

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: standard

text: for

text: the

text: US

text: including

text: the

text: Japanese

text: MUSE

text: system

text: but

text: all

text: were

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: FCC

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: higher

text: bandwidth

text: requirements

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: television

text: channels

text: was

text: growing

text: rapidly

text: and

text: bandwidth

text: was

text: already

text: a

text: problem

text: A

text: new

text: standard

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: efficient

text: needing

text: less

text: bandwidth

text: for

text: HDTV

text: than

text: the

text: existing

text: NTSC

question: Why did the FCC reject systems such as MUSE?

answer: their higher bandwidth requirements

text: their higher bandwidth requirements

question: What was increasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?

answer: television channels

text: television channels

question: Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the new standard for the US?

answer: the FCC

text: the FCC

question: What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US?

answer: had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth

text: had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth

question: What was the existing system at the time?

answer: NTSC

text: NTSC

question: Why did the ECC reject systems such as MUSE?

text: higher bandwidth requirements

question: What was decreasing and consuming a lot of bandwidth?

text: television channels

question: Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US?

text: FCC

question: What was one of the requirements for an old standard system in the US?

text: had to be more efficient

question: What wasn't the existing system at the time?

text: NTSC


text: Another recent environmental issue in Melbourne was the Victorian government project of channel deepening Melbourne Ports by dredging Port Phillip Bay—the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project. It was subject to controversy and strict regulations among fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected by the disturbance of heavy metals and other industrial sediments. Other major pollution problems in Melbourne include levels of bacteria including E. coli in the Yarra River and its tributaries caused by septic systems, as well as litter. Up to 350,000 cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day. Several programs are being implemented to minimise beach and river pollution. In February 2010, The Transition Decade, an initiative to transition human society, economics and environment towards sustainability, was launched in Melbourne.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Another

text: recent

text: environmental

text: issue

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: was

text: the

text: Victorian

text: government

text: project

text: of

text: channel

text: deepening

text: Melbourne

text: Ports

text: by

text: dredging

text: Port

text: Phillip

text: Bay

text: the

text: Port

text: Phillip

text: Channel

text: Deepening

text: Project

text: It

text: was

text: subject

text: to

text: controversy

text: and

text: strict

text: regulations

text: among

text: fears

text: that

text: beaches

text: and

text: marine

text: wildlife

text: could

text: be

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: disturbance

text: of

text: heavy

text: metals

text: and

text: other

text: industrial

text: sediments

text: Other

text: major

text: pollution

text: problems

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: include

text: levels

text: of

text: bacteria

text: including

text: E.

text: coli

text: in

text: the

text: Yarra

text: River

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: caused

text: by

text: septic

text: systems

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: litter

text: Up

text: to

text: cigarette

text: butts

text: enter

text: the

text: storm

text: water

text: runoff

text: every

text: day

text: Several

text: programs

text: are

text: being

text: implemented

text: to

text: minimise

text: beach

text: and

text: river

text: pollution

text: In

text: February

text: The

text: Transition

text: Decade

text: an

text: initiative

text: to

text: transition

text: human

text: society

text: economics

text: and

text: environment

text: towards

text: sustainability

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: Melbourne

question: Which government project aimed to deepen Melbourne ports by dredging?

answer: the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project

text: the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project

question: Why was the Port Phillip Channel Deppening Project subject to controversy and strict regulations?

answer: fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected

text: fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected

question: Up to how many cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day in Melbourne?

answer: 350,000

question: What initiative was launched in Melbourne in February 2010 as an effort to transition human society towards sustainability?

answer: The Transition Decade

text: The Transition Decade

question: What causes increased pollution and levels of bacteria such as E. coli to rise in the Yarra River and its tributaries?

answer: septic systems, as well as litter

text: septic systems, as well as litter


text: Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: language

text: 's

text: spoken

text: form

text: was

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: only

text: the

text: upper

text: noble

text: classes

text: and

text: urban

text: population

text: as

text: Russian

text: peasants

text: from

text: the

text: countryside

text: continued

text: to

text: speak

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: dialects

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: such

text: dialects

text: were

text: forced

text: out

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: compulsory

text: education

text: system

text: that

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: government

text: Despite

text: the

text: formalization

text: of

text: Standard

text: Russian

text: some

text: nonstandard

text: dialectal

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: fricative

text: ɣ

text: in

text: Southern

text: Russian

text: dialects

text: are

text: still

text: observed

text: in

text: colloquial

text: speech

question: When did Russian language spread to the peasants?

answer: the 20th century

text: the 20th century

question: Who spoke Russian before the 20th century?

answer: the upper noble classes and urban population

text: the upper noble classes and urban population

question: When did the Soviets establish required education?

answer: the mid-20th century

text: the mid-20th century

question: What nonstandard feature does Southern Russian use?

answer: fricative

text: fricative

question: When did the Soviet government begin only speaking fricative?

text: By the mid-20th century

question: What kind of education system was used to teach the history of the noble classes to peasants?

text: compulsory

question: Who was responsible for formalizing colloquial speech?

text: the Soviet government

question: What nonstandard feature do the noble classes have?

text: fricative

question: In the mid 20th century what  group was the only one that used colloquial speech?


text: The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteenth season suffered a huge decline in the 18–49 demographic, a drop of 28% from the twelfth season, and American Idol lost its Top 10 position in the Nielsen ratings by the end of the 2013–14 television season for the first time since its entry to the rankings in 2003 as a result, although the entire series to date had not yet been dropped from the Nielsen Top 30 rankings since its inception in 2002.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: loss

text: of

text: viewers

text: continued

text: into

text: season

text: which

text: saw

text: the

text: show

text: hitting

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: series

text: low

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: The

text: finale

text: had

text: million

text: fewer

text: viewers

text: than

text: the

text: previous

text: season

text: and

text: saw

text: a

text: drop

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: demo

text: The

text: season

text: viewers

text: averaged

text: at

text: million

text: a

text: drop

text: of

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: season

text: The

text: thirteenth

text: season

text: suffered

text: a

text: huge

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: demographic

text: a

text: drop

text: of

text: from

text: the

text: twelfth

text: season

text: and

text: American

text: Idol

text: lost

text: its

text: Top

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: Nielsen

text: ratings

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: television

text: season

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: its

text: entry

text: to

text: the

text: rankings

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: although

text: the

text: entire

text: series

text: to

text: date

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: dropped

text: from

text: the

text: Nielsen

text: Top

text: rankings

text: since

text: its

text: inception

text: in

question: How many people on average watched season 12 of American Idol?

answer: 13.3 million

text: 13.3 million

question: During which season did American Idol fall out of the top ten shows in ratings?

answer: 13

question: When did American Idol first air on television?

answer: 2002

question: The season finale for season 12 had how many fewer viewers than season 11?

answer: 7.2 million

text: 7.2 million

question: How many viewers watched on average this season?

answer: 13.3 million

text: 13.3 million


text: At Live Aid, held at Wembley on 13 July 1985, in front of the biggest-ever TV audience of 1.9 billion, Queen performed some of their greatest hits, during which the sold-out stadium audience of 72,000 people clapped, sang, and swayed in unison. The show's organisers, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, other musicians such as Elton John, Cliff Richard and Dave Grohl, and music journalists writing for the BBC, CNN, Rolling Stone, MTV, The Telegraph among others, stated that Queen stole the show. An industry poll in 2005 ranked it the greatest rock performance of all time. Mercury's powerful, sustained note during the a cappella section came to be known as "The Note Heard Round the World".

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: At

text: Live

text: Aid

text: held

text: at

text: Wembley

text: on

text: July

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: ever

text: TV

text: audience

text: of

text: billion

text: Queen

text: performed

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: greatest

text: hits

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: sold

text: out

text: stadium

text: audience

text: of

text: people

text: clapped

text: sang

text: and

text: swayed

text: in

text: unison

text: The

text: show

text: 's

text: organisers

text: Bob

text: Geldof

text: and

text: Midge

text: Ure

text: other

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Elton

text: John

text: Cliff

text: Richard

text: and

text: Dave

text: Grohl

text: and

text: music

text: journalists

text: writing

text: for

text: the

text: BBC

text: CNN

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: MTV

text: The

text: Telegraph

text: among

text: others

text: stated

text: that

text: Queen

text: stole

text: the

text: show

text: An

text: industry

text: poll

text: in

text: ranked

text: it

text: the

text: greatest

text: rock

text: performance

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: powerful

text: sustained

text: note

text: during

text: the

text: a

text: cappella

text: section

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Note

text: Heard

text: Round

text: the

text: World

question: What date was Live Aid?

answer: 13 July 1985

text: 13 July 1985

question: Where was Live Aid held?

answer: Wembley

text: Wembley

question: How big was Live Aid's TV audience?

answer: 1.9 billion

text: 1.9 billion

question: How long was Live Aid's stadium audience?

answer: 72,000

question: Who organized Live Aid?

answer: Bob Geldof and Midge Ure

text: Bob Geldof and Midge Ure


text: After World War II, two new competing formats came onto the market and gradually replaced the standard "78": the 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm (see above). The 33 1⁄3 rpm LP (for "long-play") format was developed by Columbia Records and marketed in June 1948. RCA Victor developed the 45 rpm format and marketed it in March 1949, each pursuing their own r&d in secret. Both types of new disc used narrower grooves, intended to be played with smaller stylus—typically 0.001 inches (25 µm) wide, compared to 0.003 inches (76 µm) for a 78—so the new records were sometimes called Microgroove. In the mid-1950s all record companies agreed to a common recording standard called RIAA equalization. Prior to the establishment of the standard each company used its own preferred standard, requiring discriminating listeners to use pre-amplifiers with multiple selectable equalization curves.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: two

text: new

text: competing

text: formats

text: came

text: onto

text: the

text: market

text: and

text: gradually

text: replaced

text: the

text: standard

text: the

text: rpm

text: often

text: just

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: rpm

text: and

text: the

text: rpm

text: see

text: above

text: The

text: rpm

text: LP

text: for

text: long

text: play

text: format

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: and

text: marketed

text: in

text: June

text: RCA

text: Victor

text: developed

text: the

text: rpm

text: format

text: and

text: marketed

text: it

text: in

text: March

text: each

text: pursuing

text: their

text: own

text: r&d

text: in

text: secret

text: Both

text: types

text: of

text: new

text: disc

text: used

text: narrower

text: grooves

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: with

text: smaller

text: stylus

text: typically

text: inches

text: µm

text: wide

text: compared

text: to

text: inches

text: µm

text: for

text: a

text: the

text: new

text: records

text: were

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Microgroove

text: In

text: the

text: all

text: record

text: companies

text: agreed

text: to

text: a

text: common

text: recording

text: standard

text: called

text: RIAA

text: equalization

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: each

text: company

text: used

text: its

text: own

text: preferred

text: standard

text: requiring

text: discriminating

text: listeners

text: to

text: use

text: pre

text: amplifiers

text: with

text: multiple

text: selectable

text: equalization

text: curves

question: What two formats replaced the 78?

answer: 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm

text: 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm

question: Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm LP?

answer: Columbia Records

text: Columbia Records

question: When did the 33 1/3 rpm hit the market?

answer: June 1948

text: June 1948

question: When did RCA release their 45 rpm format?

answer: March 1949

text: March 1949

question: When were RIAA standards established?

answer: mid-1950s


text: While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014).

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: While

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: Somalis

text: per

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: is

text: hard

text: to

text: measure

text: because

text: the

text: Somali

text: community

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: has

text: grown

text: so

text: quickly

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: an

text: official

text: estimate

text: reported

text: Somalis

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Somalis

text: in

text: Britain

text: are

text: largely

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: London

text: Sheffield

text: Bristol

text: Birmingham

text: Cardiff

text: Liverpool

text: Manchester

text: Leeds

text: and

text: Leicester

text: with

text: London

text: alone

text: accounting

text: for

text: roughly

text: of

text: Britain

text: 's

text: Somali

text: population

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: significant

text: Somali

text: communities

text: in

text: Sweden

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Norway

text: Denmark

text: and

text: Finland

question: About how many Somalis live in the UK?

answer: 108,000

question: What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London?

answer: 78%

question: As of 2014, how many Somalis lived in Sweden?

answer: 57,906

question: In 2014, how many Somalis resided in Norway?

answer: 38,413

question: How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014?

answer: 16,721


text: These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions". Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization. Androphilia describes sexual attraction to masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to femininity. The term sexual preference largely overlaps with sexual orientation, but is generally distinguished in psychological research. A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other. Sexual preference may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice, whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: These

text: categories

text: are

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: nuanced

text: nature

text: of

text: sexual

text: identity

text: and

text: terminology

text: For

text: example

text: people

text: may

text: use

text: other

text: labels

text: such

text: as

text: pansexual

text: or

text: polysexual

text: or

text: at

text: all

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Psychological

text: Association

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: also

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: sense

text: of

text: identity

text: based

text: on

text: those

text: attractions

text: related

text: behaviors

text: and

text: membership

text: in

text: a

text: community

text: of

text: others

text: who

text: share

text: those

text: attractions

text: Androphilia

text: and

text: gynephilia

text: are

text: terms

text: used

text: in

text: behavioral

text: science

text: to

text: describe

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: a

text: gender

text: binary

text: conceptualization

text: Androphilia

text: describes

text: sexual

text: attraction

text: to

text: masculinity

text: gynephilia

text: describes

text: the

text: sexual

text: attraction

text: to

text: femininity

text: The

text: term

text: sexual

text: preference

text: largely

text: overlaps

text: with

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: but

text: is

text: generally

text: distinguished

text: in

text: psychological

text: research

text: A

text: person

text: who

text: identifies

text: as

text: bisexual

text: for

text: example

text: may

text: sexually

text: prefer

text: one

text: sex

text: over

text: the

text: other

text: Sexual

text: preference

text: may

text: also

text: suggest

text: a

text: degree

text: of

text: voluntary

text: choice

text: whereas

text: the

text: scientific

text: consensus

text: is

text: that

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: choice

question: Whar words may people use for sexual idenity?

answer: pansexual or polysexual,

text: pansexual or polysexual,

question: What does the American Pyschological Association say sexual orientation refers to?

answer: a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions

text: a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions

question: What terms does behavorial science use instead of using gender binary conceptualization?

answer: Androphilia and gynephilia

text: Androphilia and gynephilia

question: What is androphilia used to describe?

answer: sexual attraction to masculinity

text: sexual attraction to masculinity

question: What is gynephilia used to describe?

answer: the sexual attraction to femininity

text: the sexual attraction to femininity


text: The various Germanic states in the west all had coinages that imitated existing Roman and Byzantine forms. Gold continued to be minted until the end of the 7th century, when it was replaced by silver coins. The basic Frankish silver coin was the denarius or denier, while the Anglo-Saxon version was called a penny. From these areas, the denier or penny spread throughout Europe during the centuries from 700 to 1000. Copper or bronze coins were not struck, nor were gold except in Southern Europe. No silver coins denominated in multiple units were minted.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: various

text: Germanic

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: all

text: had

text: coinages

text: that

text: imitated

text: existing

text: Roman

text: and

text: Byzantine

text: forms

text: Gold

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: minted

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: silver

text: coins

text: The

text: basic

text: Frankish

text: silver

text: coin

text: was

text: the

text: denarius

text: or

text: denier

text: while

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: version

text: was

text: called

text: a

text: penny

text: From

text: these

text: areas

text: the

text: denier

text: or

text: penny

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: centuries

text: from

text: to

text: Copper

text: or

text: bronze

text: coins

text: were

text: not

text: struck

text: nor

text: were

text: gold

text: except

text: in

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: No

text: silver

text: coins

text: denominated

text: in

text: multiple

text: units

text: were

text: minted

question: During what century did gold coinage cease?

answer: 7th

question: Coinage from what metal replaced gold coinage?

answer: silver

text: silver

question: What was the Anglo-Saxon silver coin called?

answer: penny

text: penny

question: What was another name for the denarius?

answer: denier

text: denier

question: In what part of Europe were gold coins still minted?

answer: Southern Europe

text: Southern Europe


text: A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the University of Maryland, formed in 2001. Also, Dil se, another co-ed a cappella from UC Berkeley, hosts the "Anahat" competition at the University of California, Berkeley annually. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: A

text: cappella

text: is

text: gaining

text: popularity

text: among

text: South

text: Asians

text: with

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: primarily

text: Hindi

text: English

text: College

text: groups

text: The

text: first

text: South

text: Asian

text: a

text: cappella

text: group

text: was

text: Penn

text: Masala

text: founded

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Co

text: ed

text: South

text: Asian

text: a

text: cappella

text: groups

text: are

text: also

text: gaining

text: in

text: popularity

text: The

text: first

text: co

text: ed

text: south

text: Asian

text: a

text: cappella

text: was

text: Anokha

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Maryland

text: formed

text: in

text: Also

text: Dil

text: se

text: another

text: co

text: ed

text: a

text: cappella

text: from

text: UC

text: Berkeley

text: hosts

text: the

text: Anahat

text: competition

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Berkeley

text: annually

text: Maize

text: Mirchi

text: the

text: co

text: ed

text: a

text: cappella

text: group

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: hosts

text: Sa

text: Re

text: Ga

text: Ma

text: Pella

text: an

text: annual

text: South

text: Asian

text: a

text: cappella

text: invitational

text: with

text: various

text: groups

text: from

text: the

text: Midwest

question: Whas is the name of the ethnic a capella group founded at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996?

answer: Penn Masala

text: Penn Masala

question: Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent?

answer: South Asians

text: South Asians

question: What is the name of the first South Asian a capella group to accept both men and women?

answer: Anokha

text: Anokha

question: What a capella competition is hosted at UC Berkeley?

answer: Anahat

text: Anahat

question: What group hosts the a capella competition "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"?

answer: Maize Mirchi

text: Maize Mirchi

question: What is gaining in popularity among Anokha?

text: A cappella

question: What was the first Midwest a cappella group?

text: Penn Masala

question: What kind of groups are emerging among various groups from the Midwest?

text: Hindi-English College groups

question: When was the first Maize Mirchi formed from the University of Maryland?

question: Who hosts the Penn Masala competition at the University of California?

text: Dil se


text: Treaties sometimes include provisions for self-termination, meaning that the treaty is automatically terminated if certain defined conditions are met. Some treaties are intended by the parties to be only temporarily binding and are set to expire on a given date. Other treaties may self-terminate if the treaty is meant to exist only under certain conditions.[citation needed]

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Treaties

text: sometimes

text: include

text: provisions

text: for

text: self

text: termination

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: treaty

text: is

text: automatically

text: terminated

text: if

text: certain

text: defined

text: conditions

text: are

text: met

text: Some

text: treaties

text: are

text: intended

text: by

text: the

text: parties

text: to

text: be

text: only

text: temporarily

text: binding

text: and

text: are

text: set

text: to

text: expire

text: on

text: a

text: given

text: date

text: Other

text: treaties

text: may

text: self

text: terminate

text: if

text: the

text: treaty

text: is

text: meant

text: to

text: exist

text: only

text: under

text: certain

text: conditions.[citation

text: needed

question: Some treaties contains provisions for what to happen if certain defined conditions are met?

answer: self-termination

text: self-termination

question: What provision might a treaty include if it's meant to be only temporarily binding?

answer: set to expire on a given date

text: set to expire on a given date

question: In addition to passing an expiration date, what might cause a treaty to self-terminate?

answer: certain defined conditions are met

text: certain defined conditions are met

question: What happens to a treaty that was designed to terminate under certain conditions when those conditions are actually met?

answer: automatically terminated

text: automatically terminated

question: What may we assume the parties to a treaty intended the treaty's obligations to be if the treaty included an expiration date?

answer: temporarily binding

text: temporarily binding


text: On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops attacked the demonstrators; some 20 people were killed and more than 200 wounded. This event radicalized Georgian politics, prompting many to conclude that independence was preferable to continued Soviet rule. On April 14, Gorbachev removed Jumber Patiashvili as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party and replaced him with former Georgian KGB chief Givi Gumbaridze.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: April

text: Soviet

text: troops

text: and

text: armored

text: personnel

text: carriers

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: Tbilisi

text: after

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: protested

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: Communist

text: Party

text: headquarters

text: with

text: banners

text: calling

text: for

text: Georgia

text: to

text: secede

text: from

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: for

text: Abkhazia

text: to

text: be

text: fully

text: integrated

text: into

text: Georgia

text: On

text: April

text: troops

text: attacked

text: the

text: demonstrators

text: some

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: wounded

text: This

text: event

text: radicalized

text: Georgian

text: politics

text: prompting

text: many

text: to

text: conclude

text: that

text: independence

text: was

text: preferable

text: to

text: continued

text: Soviet

text: rule

text: On

text: April

text: Gorbachev

text: removed

text: Jumber

text: Patiashvili

text: as

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Georgian

text: Communist

text: Party

text: and

text: replaced

text: him

text: with

text: former

text: Georgian

text: KGB

text: chief

text: Givi

text: Gumbaridze

question: What did the protesters want Georgia to leave?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What did the protesters hope to see become a part of Georgia?

answer: Abkhazia

text: Abkhazia

question: How many people died in the April 9 attack?

answer: 20

question: What happened to Georgian politics as a result of the attack?

answer: radicalized

text: radicalized


text: The question of priority for the variable resistance feature of the telephone was raised by the examiner before he approved Bell's patent application. He told Bell that his claim for the variable resistance feature was also described in Gray's caveat. Bell pointed to a variable resistance device in Bell's previous application in which Bell described a cup of mercury, not water. Bell had filed the mercury application at the patent office a year earlier on February 25, 1875, long before Elisha Gray described the water device. In addition, Gray abandoned his caveat, and because he did not contest Bell's priority, the examiner approved Bell's patent on March 3, 1876. Gray had reinvented the variable resistance telephone, but Bell was the first to write down the idea and the first to test it in a telephone.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: The

text: question

text: of

text: priority

text: for

text: the

text: variable

text: resistance

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: telephone

text: was

text: raised

text: by

text: the

text: examiner

text: before

text: he

text: approved

text: Bell

text: 's

text: patent

text: application

text: He

text: told

text: Bell

text: that

text: his

text: claim

text: for

text: the

text: variable

text: resistance

text: feature

text: was

text: also

text: described

text: in

text: Gray

text: 's

text: caveat

text: Bell

text: pointed

text: to

text: a

text: variable

text: resistance

text: device

text: in

text: Bell

text: 's

text: previous

text: application

text: in

text: which

text: Bell

text: described

text: a

text: cup

text: of

text: mercury

text: not

text: water

text: Bell

text: had

text: filed

text: the

text: mercury

text: application

text: at

text: the

text: patent

text: office

text: a

text: year

text: earlier

text: on

text: February

text: long

text: before

text: Elisha

text: Gray

text: described

text: the

text: water

text: device

text: In

text: addition

text: Gray

text: abandoned

text: his

text: caveat

text: and

text: because

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: contest

text: Bell

text: 's

text: priority

text: the

text: examiner

text: approved

text: Bell

text: 's

text: patent

text: on

text: March

text: Gray

text: had

text: reinvented

text: the

text: variable

text: resistance

text: telephone

text: but

text: Bell

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: write

text: down

text: the

text: idea

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: test

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: telephone

question: What part of the telephone was investigated by the patent officer?

answer: variable resistance

text: variable resistance

question: When did Bell put in his prior patent?

answer: February 25, 1875

text: February 25, 1875

question: What liquid did Bell use in his first application?

answer: mercury

text: mercury


text: About two thousand Roman colonists were settled there in 138 BC during the rule of consul Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico. The Roman historian Florus says that Brutus transferred the soldiers who had fought under him to that province. This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire. The centre of the city was located in the present-day neighbourhood of the Plaza de la Virgen. Here was the forum and the crossing of the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, which remain the two main axes of the city. The Cardo corresponds to the existing Calle de Salvador, Almoina, and the Decumanus corresponds to Calle de los Caballeros.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: About

text: two

text: thousand

text: Roman

text: colonists

text: were

text: settled

text: there

text: in

text: BC

text: during

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: consul

text: Decimus

text: Junius

text: Brutus

text: Galaico

text: The

text: Roman

text: historian

text: Florus

text: says

text: that

text: Brutus

text: transferred

text: the

text: soldiers

text: who

text: had

text: fought

text: under

text: him

text: to

text: that

text: province

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: typical

text: Roman

text: city

text: in

text: its

text: conception

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: located

text: in

text: a

text: strategic

text: location

text: near

text: the

text: sea

text: on

text: a

text: river

text: island

text: crossed

text: by

text: the

text: Via

text: Augusta

text: the

text: imperial

text: road

text: that

text: connected

text: the

text: province

text: to

text: Rome

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: The

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: the

text: Plaza

text: de

text: la

text: Virgen

text: Here

text: was

text: the

text: forum

text: and

text: the

text: crossing

text: of

text: the

text: Cardo

text: Maximus

text: and

text: the

text: Decumanus

text: Maximus

text: which

text: remain

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: axes

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Cardo

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: existing

text: Calle

text: de

text: Salvador

text: Almoina

text: and

text: the

text: Decumanus

text: corresponds

text: to

text: Calle

text: de

text: los

text: Caballeros

question: Who was the ruler of Valencia in 138 BC?

answer: Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico

text: Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico

question: How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC?

answer: two thousand

text: two thousand

question: What road crossed Valencia's island in Roman times?

answer: Via Augusta

text: Via Augusta

question: What is now located at the former centre of Valencia?

answer: Plaza de la Virgen

text: Plaza de la Virgen

question: In Roman times, what two roads met at Valencia's centre?

answer: Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus

text: Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus


text: For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning 'of the ṛṣis', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.

title: Sanskrit

title: Sanskrit

text: For

text: nearly

text: years

text: Sanskrit

text: was

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: a

text: cultural

text: order

text: that

text: exerted

text: influence

text: across

text: South

text: Asia

text: Inner

text: Asia

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: certain

text: extent

text: East

text: Asia

text: A

text: significant

text: form

text: of

text: post

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: of

text: Indian

text: epic

text: poetry

text: the

text: Ramayana

text: and

text: Mahabharata

text: The

text: deviations

text: from

text: Pāṇini

text: in

text: the

text: epics

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: account

text: of

text: interference

text: from

text: Prakrits

text: or

text: innovations

text: and

text: not

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: pre

text: Paninian

text: Traditional

text: Sanskrit

text: scholars

text: call

text: such

text: deviations

text: ārṣa

text: आर्ष

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: ṛṣis

text: the

text: traditional

text: title

text: for

text: the

text: ancient

text: authors

text: In

text: some

text: contexts

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: more

text: prakritisms

text: borrowings

text: from

text: common

text: speech

text: than

text: in

text: Classical

text: Sanskrit

text: proper

text: Buddhist

text: Hybrid

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: a

text: literary

text: language

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Middle

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: based

text: on

text: early

text: Buddhist

text: Prakrit

text: texts

text: which

text: subsequently

text: assimilated

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: Sanskrit

text: standard

text: in

text: varying

text: degrees

question: What are two examples of epic poetry written in Sanskrit?

answer: the Ramayana and Mahabharata

text: the Ramayana and Mahabharata

question: What are prakritisms?

answer: borrowings from common speech

text: borrowings from common speech

question: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?

answer: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

text: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

question: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?

answer: 2000 years

text: 2000 years

question: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?

answer: Indian epic poetry

text: Indian epic poetry

question: What epic poems are written in post-Vedic Sanskrit?

answer: Ramayana and Mahabharata

text: Ramayana and Mahabharata

question: Of what are deviations in the epics thought to be the influence?

answer: Prakrits

text: Prakrits

question: What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit?

answer: prakritisms

text: prakritisms

question: What Language influenced a large part of EurAsia for nearly 2000 years?

text: Sanskrit

question: What form of Sanskrit is found in Asian peotry?

text: Vedic Sanskrit

question: What is considered proof that pre-Panini was used in epics?

text: deviations

question: What type of Sanskrit influenced Middle aIndo-Aryan languages?

text: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit

question: What did Classic Sanskrit assimilate to?

text: Buddhist Prakrit

question: Where did Sanskrit exert influence for less than 1000 years?

text: South Asia

question: Sanskrit was not influential in which part of Asia?

text: East Asia

question: In what poetry will you find early Vedic Sanskrit?

text: Indian epic poetry

question: Who caused deviations from Panini due to their lack of interference?

text: Prakrits

question: What classical language is influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?

text: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit


text: The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: The

text: density

text: of

text: paper

text: ranges

text: from

text: kg

text: lb

text: cu

text: ft

text: for

text: tissue

text: paper

text: to

text: kg

text: lb

text: cu

text: ft

text: for

text: some

text: speciality

text: paper

text: Printing

text: paper

text: is

text: about

text: kg

text: lb

text: cu

text: ft

question: What is the lightest density of paper produced?

answer: tissue paper

text: tissue paper

question: What is the common density of printing paper?

answer: 800 kg/m3

text: 800 kg/m3

question: What is the range of paper weight?

question: What is the range of paper thickness?

question: What is the range of paper dampness?

question: What is the range of paper dryness?

question: How thick is printing paper?

text: about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).

question: What is the lightest density of wood produced?

text: tissue

question: What is the uncommon density of printing paper?


text: Muhammad also ordered another siege on the Banu Qurayza during the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel. Al-Waqidi claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. Stillman and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi. Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable. 600-900 members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after they surrendered (according to Tabari and Ibn Hisham). Another source says all Males and 1 woman beheaded (according to Sunni Hadith). Two Muslims were killed

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Muhammad

text: also

text: ordered

text: another

text: siege

text: on

text: the

text: Banu

text: Qurayza

text: during

text: the

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Banu

text: Qurayza

text: because

text: according

text: to

text: Muslim

text: tradition

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: ordered

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: by

text: the

text: angel

text: Gabriel

text: Al

text: Waqidi

text: claims

text: Muhammad

text: had

text: a

text: treaty

text: with

text: the

text: tribe

text: which

text: was

text: torn

text: apart

text: Stillman

text: and

text: Watt

text: deny

text: the

text: authenticity

text: of

text: al

text: Waqidi

text: Al

text: Waqidi

text: has

text: been

text: frequently

text: criticized

text: by

text: Muslim

text: writers

text: who

text: claim

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: unreliable

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Banu

text: Qurayza

text: were

text: beheaded

text: after

text: they

text: surrendered

text: according

text: to

text: Tabari

text: and

text: Ibn

text: Hisham

text: Another

text: source

text: says

text: all

text: Males

text: and

text: woman

text: beheaded

text: according

text: to

text: Sunni

text: Hadith

text: Two

text: Muslims

text: were

text: killed

question: What angel, according to Muslim tradition, ordered Muhammad to order a siege on the Banu Qurayza?

answer: Gabriel

text: Gabriel

question: Who claims Muhammad had a treaty with the Banu Qurayza that was torn apart?

answer: Al-Waqidi

text: Al-Waqidi

question: How many members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers according to Tabari and Ibn Hisham?

answer: 600-900

question: According to Sunni Hadith which members of the Banu Qurayza were beheaded after surrendering to Muhammad and his followers?

answer: all Males and 1 woman

text: all Males and 1 woman

question: How many Muslims were killed during the invasion of Banu Qurayza?

answer: Two

text: Two


text: Schwarzenegger was the first civilian to purchase a Humvee. He was so enamored by the vehicle that he lobbied the Humvee's manufacturer, AM General, to produce a street-legal, civilian version, which they did in 1992; the first two Hummers they sold were also purchased by Schwarzenegger.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: civilian

text: to

text: purchase

text: a

text: Humvee

text: He

text: was

text: so

text: enamored

text: by

text: the

text: vehicle

text: that

text: he

text: lobbied

text: the

text: Humvee

text: 's

text: manufacturer

text: AM

text: General

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: street

text: legal

text: civilian

text: version

text: which

text: they

text: did

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: Hummers

text: they

text: sold

text: were

text: also

text: purchased

text: by

text: Schwarzenegger

question: In what year did AM General grant Schwarzenegger's wish for a street-legal Humvee?

answer: 1992

question: In addition to the Humvee, what other vehicle manufactured by AM General was Schwarzenegger first to own?

answer: Hummers

text: Hummers


text: Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying the green powder that forms on the metal. The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny. It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii, and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD. It produced a blue-green which no other pigment could imitate, but it had drawbacks; it was unstable, it could not resist dampness, it did not mix well with other colors, it could ruin other colors with which it came into contact., and it was toxic. Leonardo da Vinci, in his treatise on painting, warned artists not to use it. It was widely used in miniature paintings in Europe and Persia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its use largely ended in the late 19th century, when it was replaced by the safer and more stable chrome green. Viridian, also called chrome green, is a pigment made with chromium oxide dihydrate, was patented in 1859. It became popular with painters, since, unlike other synthetic greens, it was stable and not toxic. Vincent van Gogh used it, along with Prussian blue, to create a dark blue sky with a greenish tint in his painting Cafe terrace at night.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Verdigris

text: is

text: made

text: by

text: placing

text: a

text: plate

text: or

text: blade

text: of

text: copper

text: brass

text: or

text: bronze

text: slightly

text: warmed

text: into

text: a

text: vat

text: of

text: fermenting

text: wine

text: leaving

text: it

text: there

text: for

text: several

text: weeks

text: and

text: then

text: scraping

text: off

text: and

text: drying

text: the

text: green

text: powder

text: that

text: forms

text: on

text: the

text: metal

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: making

text: verdigris

text: was

text: described

text: in

text: ancient

text: times

text: by

text: Pliny

text: It

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: in

text: the

text: murals

text: of

text: Pompeii

text: and

text: in

text: Celtic

text: medieval

text: manuscripts

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: It

text: produced

text: a

text: blue

text: green

text: which

text: no

text: other

text: pigment

text: could

text: imitate

text: but

text: it

text: had

text: drawbacks

text: it

text: was

text: unstable

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: resist

text: dampness

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: mix

text: well

text: with

text: other

text: colors

text: it

text: could

text: ruin

text: other

text: colors

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: came

text: into

text: contact

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: toxic

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: in

text: his

text: treatise

text: on

text: painting

text: warned

text: artists

text: not

text: to

text: use

text: it

text: It

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: miniature

text: paintings

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Persia

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Its

text: use

text: largely

text: ended

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: safer

text: and

text: more

text: stable

text: chrome

text: green

text: Viridian

text: also

text: called

text: chrome

text: green

text: is

text: a

text: pigment

text: made

text: with

text: chromium

text: oxide

text: dihydrate

text: was

text: patented

text: in

text: It

text: became

text: popular

text: with

text: painters

text: since

text: unlike

text: other

text: synthetic

text: greens

text: it

text: was

text: stable

text: and

text: not

text: toxic

text: Vincent

text: van

text: Gogh

text: used

text: it

text: along

text: with

text: Prussian

text: blue

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: dark

text: blue

text: sky

text: with

text: a

text: greenish

text: tint

text: in

text: his

text: painting

text: Cafe

text: terrace

text: at

text: night

question: What is made by placing a plate of blade of copper, brass, or bronze into vat of fermenting wine for several weeks, then scraping off and drying the green powder?

answer: Verdigris

text: Verdigris

question: Who described the process of making verdigris in ancient times?

answer: Pliny

text: Pliny

question: In what city did the Romans use verdigris in murals?

answer: Pompeii

text: Pompeii

question: What would verdigris do to other colors that it came in contact with?

answer: ruin

text: ruin

question: Which famous artist warned other artists not to use verdigris?

answer: Leonardo da Vinci

text: Leonardo da Vinci

question: What century did Pliny describe the process of making Verdigris?

text: 5th century AD

question: What city did Pliny live in?

text: Pompeii

question: What paint did Leonardo da Vinci recommend?

text: Verdigris

question: Where was chrome green popular in the 16th century?

text: Europe and Persia

question: When was Prussian blue patented?


text: Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media. As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99. Those who purchased new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99. Several PC manufacturers offered rebates and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the promotion on select models, such as Hewlett-Packard (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and Acer (in Europe on selected Ultrabook models). During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: was

text: distributed

text: as

text: a

text: retail

text: box

text: product

text: on

text: DVD

text: and

text: through

text: a

text: digital

text: download

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: converted

text: into

text: DVD

text: or

text: USB

text: install

text: media

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: launch

text: promotion

text: Microsoft

text: offered

text: Windows

text: Pro

text: upgrades

text: at

text: a

text: discounted

text: price

text: of

text: US$

text: online

text: or

text: for

text: retail

text: box

text: from

text: its

text: launch

text: until

text: January

text: afterward

text: the

text: Windows

text: price

text: has

text: been

text: and

text: the

text: Pro

text: price

text: Those

text: who

text: purchased

text: new

text: PCs

text: pre

text: loaded

text: with

text: Windows

text: Home

text: Basic

text: Home

text: Premium

text: Professional

text: or

text: Ultimate

text: between

text: June

text: and

text: January

text: could

text: digitally

text: purchase

text: a

text: Windows

text: Pro

text: upgrade

text: for

text: US$

text: Several

text: PC

text: manufacturers

text: offered

text: rebates

text: and

text: refunds

text: on

text: Windows

text: upgrades

text: obtained

text: through

text: the

text: promotion

text: on

text: select

text: models

text: such

text: as

text: Hewlett

text: Packard

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Canada

text: on

text: select

text: models

text: and

text: Acer

text: in

text: Europe

text: on

text: selected

text: Ultrabook

text: models

text: During

text: these

text: promotions

text: the

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Center

text: add

text: on

text: for

text: Windows

text: Pro

text: was

text: also

text: offered

text: for

text: free

question: During it's launch how much was a Windows 8 upgrade?

answer: $39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box

text: $39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box

question: What is the Windows 8 price?

answer: $119.99

question: What is the Windows 8 Pro price?

answer: $199.99

question: Which PC owners could purchase a Windows 8 Pro uprgrade for $14.99?

answer: PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate

text: PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate

question: How much was the Windows Media Center add-on during the original Windows 8 promotion?

answer: free

text: free

question: During it's launch how much was a Windows 9 upgrade?

question: What is the Windows 9 price?

question: What is the Windows 9 Pro price?

question: Which PC owners could purchase a Windows 9 Pro uprgrade for $14.99?

question: How much was the Windows Media Center add-on during the original Windows 9 promotion?

text: free


text: Even though the book had barely hinted at human evolution, it quickly became central to the debate as mental and moral qualities were seen as spiritual aspects of the immaterial soul, and it was believed that animals did not have spiritual qualities. This conflict could be reconciled by supposing there was some supernatural intervention on the path leading to humans, or viewing evolution as a purposeful and progressive ascent to mankind's position at the head of nature. While many conservative theologians accepted evolution, Charles Hodge argued in his 1874 critique "What is Darwinism?" that "Darwinism", defined narrowly as including rejection of design, was atheism though he accepted that Asa Gray did not reject design. Asa Gray responded that this charge misrepresented Darwin's text. By the early 20th century, four noted authors of The Fundamentals were explicitly open to the possibility that God created through evolution, but fundamentalism inspired the American creation–evolution controversy that began in the 1920s. Some conservative Roman Catholic writers and influential Jesuits opposed evolution in the late 19th and early 20th century, but other Catholic writers, starting with Mivart, pointed out that early Church Fathers had not interpreted Genesis literally in this area. The Vatican stated its official position in a 1950 papal encyclical, which held that evolution was not inconsistent with Catholic teaching.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Even

text: though

text: the

text: book

text: had

text: barely

text: hinted

text: at

text: human

text: evolution

text: it

text: quickly

text: became

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: debate

text: as

text: mental

text: and

text: moral

text: qualities

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: spiritual

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: immaterial

text: soul

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: believed

text: that

text: animals

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: spiritual

text: qualities

text: This

text: conflict

text: could

text: be

text: reconciled

text: by

text: supposing

text: there

text: was

text: some

text: supernatural

text: intervention

text: on

text: the

text: path

text: leading

text: to

text: humans

text: or

text: viewing

text: evolution

text: as

text: a

text: purposeful

text: and

text: progressive

text: ascent

text: to

text: mankind

text: 's

text: position

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: nature

text: While

text: many

text: conservative

text: theologians

text: accepted

text: evolution

text: Charles

text: Hodge

text: argued

text: in

text: his

text: critique

text: What

text: is

text: Darwinism

text: that

text: Darwinism

text: defined

text: narrowly

text: as

text: including

text: rejection

text: of

text: design

text: was

text: atheism

text: though

text: he

text: accepted

text: that

text: Asa

text: Gray

text: did

text: not

text: reject

text: design

text: Asa

text: Gray

text: responded

text: that

text: this

text: charge

text: misrepresented

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: text

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: four

text: noted

text: authors

text: of

text: The

text: Fundamentals

text: were

text: explicitly

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: possibility

text: that

text: God

text: created

text: through

text: evolution

text: but

text: fundamentalism

text: inspired

text: the

text: American

text: creation

text: evolution

text: controversy

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Some

text: conservative

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: writers

text: and

text: influential

text: Jesuits

text: opposed

text: evolution

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: but

text: other

text: Catholic

text: writers

text: starting

text: with

text: Mivart

text: pointed

text: out

text: that

text: early

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: had

text: not

text: interpreted

text: Genesis

text: literally

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: The

text: Vatican

text: stated

text: its

text: official

text: position

text: in

text: a

text: papal

text: encyclical

text: which

text: held

text: that

text: evolution

text: was

text: not

text: inconsistent

text: with

text: Catholic

text: teaching

question: How did people attempt to rationalize or reconcile the concept of natural selection?

answer: by supposing there was some supernatural intervention on the path leading to humans

text: by supposing there was some supernatural intervention on the path leading to humans

question: Which scientist argued that Darwinism was atheism?

answer: Charles Hodge

text: Charles Hodge

question: What controversy around Darwin's book began in the 1920s?

answer: the American creation–evolution controversy

text: the American creation–evolution controversy

question: What official position did the Vatican take on the subject of evolution in 1950?

answer: The Vatican stated its official position in a 1950 papal encyclical, which held that evolution was not inconsistent with Catholic teaching.

text: The Vatican stated its official position in a 1950 papal encyclical, which held that evolution was not inconsistent with Catholic teaching.


text: Personnel Recovery (PR) is defined as "the sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel" (JP 1-02). It is the ability of the US government and its international partners to effect the recovery of isolated personnel across the ROMO and return those personnel to duty. PR also enhances the development of an effective, global capacity to protect and recover isolated personnel wherever they are placed at risk; deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda; and develop joint, interagency, and international capabilities that contribute to crisis response and regional stability.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Personnel

text: Recovery

text: PR

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: sum

text: of

text: military

text: diplomatic

text: and

text: civil

text: efforts

text: to

text: prepare

text: for

text: and

text: execute

text: the

text: recovery

text: and

text: reintegration

text: of

text: isolated

text: personnel

text: JP

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: government

text: and

text: its

text: international

text: partners

text: to

text: effect

text: the

text: recovery

text: of

text: isolated

text: personnel

text: across

text: the

text: ROMO

text: and

text: return

text: those

text: personnel

text: to

text: duty

text: PR

text: also

text: enhances

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: an

text: effective

text: global

text: capacity

text: to

text: protect

text: and

text: recover

text: isolated

text: personnel

text: wherever

text: they

text: are

text: placed

text: at

text: risk

text: deny

text: an

text: adversary

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: exploit

text: a

text: nation

text: through

text: propaganda

text: and

text: develop

text: joint

text: interagency

text: and

text: international

text: capabilities

text: that

text: contribute

text: to

text: crisis

text: response

text: and

text: regional

text: stability

question: What does the abbreviation PR stand for in terms of the US military?

answer: Personnel Recovery

text: Personnel Recovery

question: What is the definition of a Personnel Recovery mission?

answer: military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel

text: military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel

question: What is one of the ways that PR uses its capabilities in a crisis?

answer: deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda

text: deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda

question: What are the types of international duties of the PR mission?

answer: crisis response and regional stability

text: crisis response and regional stability


text: Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873 which delayed construction of the railroad into Montana. Surveys in 1874, 1875 and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. The transcontinental NPR was completed on September 8, 1883, at Gold Creek.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Tracks

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Pacific

text: Railroad

text: NPR

text: reached

text: Montana

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: in

text: However

text: the

text: railroad

text: played

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: sparking

text: tensions

text: with

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: in

text: the

text: Jay

text: Cooke

text: the

text: NPR

text: president

text: launched

text: major

text: surveys

text: into

text: the

text: Yellowstone

text: valley

text: in

text: and

text: which

text: were

text: challenged

text: forcefully

text: by

text: the

text: Sioux

text: under

text: chief

text: Sitting

text: Bull

text: These

text: clashes

text: in

text: part

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: Panic

text: of

text: which

text: delayed

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: railroad

text: into

text: Montana

text: Surveys

text: in

text: and

text: helped

text: spark

text: the

text: Great

text: Sioux

text: War

text: of

text: The

text: transcontinental

text: NPR

text: was

text: completed

text: on

text: September

text: at

text: Gold

text: Creek

question: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?

answer: 1881

question: When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the east?

answer: 1882

question: What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull?

answer: 1871, 1872 and 1873

text: 1871, 1872 and 1873

question: What year was the Great White Sioux War?

answer: 1876

question: When was the transcontinental National Pacific Railroad finished?

answer: 1883


text: 40°48′47″N 73°57′27″W / 40.813°N 73.9575°W / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swallowed up to make the super-blocks where the low income housing projects now exist. La Salle Street is the only vestige of the original routing.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: N

text: W

text: La

text: Salle

text: Street

text: is

text: a

text: street

text: in

text: West

text: Harlem

text: that

text: runs

text: just

text: two

text: blocks

text: between

text: Amsterdam

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Claremont

text: Avenue

text: West

text: of

text: Convent

text: Avenue

text: Street

text: was

text: re

text: routed

text: onto

text: the

text: old

text: Manhattan

text: Avenue

text: The

text: original

text: Street

text: west

text: of

text: Convent

text: Avenue

text: was

text: swallowed

text: up

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: super

text: blocks

text: where

text: the

text: low

text: income

text: housing

text: projects

text: now

text: exist

text: La

text: Salle

text: Street

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: vestige

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: routing

question: Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?

answer: La Salle Street

text: La Salle Street

question: La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?

answer: Claremont

text: Claremont

question: In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?

answer: West Harlem

text: West Harlem

question: Which street was swallowed up to make low income housing projects?

answer: 125th Street

text: 125th Street

question: Which street is the only area left of the routing onto old Manhattan Avenue?

answer: La Salle Street

text: La Salle Street