text: Some opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects and that it fails to achieve its goals. They argue that it hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages groups to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they are not. It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within minority groups at the expense of the disenfranchised within better-off groups (such as lower-class whites and Asians).There has recently been a strong push among American states to ban racial or gender preferences in university admissions, in reaction to the controversial and unprecedented decision in Grutter v. Bollinger. In 2006, nearly 60% of Michigan voters decided to ban affirmative action in university admissions. Michigan joined California, Florida, Texas, and Washington in banning the use of race or sex in admissions considerations. Some opponents believe, among other things, that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of people who belong to a group it's supposed to help, therefore making affirmative action counter-productive. Furthermore, opponents of affirmative action claim that these policies dehumanize individuals and applicants to jobs or school are judged as members of a group without consideration for the individual person.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Some

text: opponents

text: further

text: claim

text: that

text: affirmative

text: action

text: has

text: undesirable

text: side

text: effects

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: fails

text: to

text: achieve

text: its

text: goals

text: They

text: argue

text: that

text: it

text: hinders

text: reconciliation

text: replaces

text: old

text: wrongs

text: with

text: new

text: wrongs

text: undermines

text: the

text: achievements

text: of

text: minorities

text: and

text: encourages

text: groups

text: to

text: identify

text: themselves

text: as

text: disadvantaged

text: even

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: It

text: may

text: increase

text: racial

text: tension

text: and

text: benefit

text: the

text: more

text: privileged

text: people

text: within

text: minority

text: groups

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: disenfranchised

text: within

text: better

text: off

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: lower

text: class

text: whites

text: and

text: Asians).There

text: has

text: recently

text: been

text: a

text: strong

text: push

text: among

text: American

text: states

text: to

text: ban

text: racial

text: or

text: gender

text: preferences

text: in

text: university

text: admissions

text: in

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: controversial

text: and

text: unprecedented

text: decision

text: in

text: Grutter

text: v.

text: Bollinger

text: In

text: nearly

text: of

text: Michigan

text: voters

text: decided

text: to

text: ban

text: affirmative

text: action

text: in

text: university

text: admissions

text: Michigan

text: joined

text: California

text: Florida

text: Texas

text: and

text: Washington

text: in

text: banning

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: race

text: or

text: sex

text: in

text: admissions

text: considerations

text: Some

text: opponents

text: believe

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: that

text: affirmative

text: action

text: devalues

text: the

text: accomplishments

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: belong

text: to

text: a

text: group

text: it

text: 's

text: supposed

text: to

text: help

text: therefore

text: making

text: affirmative

text: action

text: counter

text: productive

text: Furthermore

text: opponents

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: claim

text: that

text: these

text: policies

text: dehumanize

text: individuals

text: and

text: applicants

text: to

text: jobs

text: or

text: school

text: are

text: judged

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: without

text: consideration

text: for

text: the

text: individual

text: person

question: Other than failing to achieve its goal, what else do opponents to affirmative action claim it has?

answer: undesirable side-effects

text: undesirable side-effects

question: Other than benefiting more privileged people within minority groups, what is another argument against affirmative action?

answer: may increase racial tension

text: may increase racial tension

question: When was there a vote regarding affirmative action in Michigan?

answer: 2006

question: How many Michigan voters elected to ban affirmative action for university admissions?

answer: 60%

question: Which court case featured an unprecedented and controversial decision?

answer: Grutter v. Bollinger

text: Grutter v. Bollinger

question: Other than failing to achieve its goal, what else do people who agree with affirmative action claim it has?

text: undesirable side-effects

question: Other than benefiting more privileged people outside of minority groups, what is another argument against affirmative action?

text: may increase racial tension

question: When was there a vote not regarding affirmative action in Michigan?

question: How many Michigan voters elected to support affirmative action for university admissions?

question: Which court case featured an uncontroversial decision?

text: Grutter v. Bollinger


text: The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such the cause of sickness or even death. His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers. The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: The

text: Sangoma

text: is

text: a

text: traditional

text: diviner

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: that

text: particular

text: family

text: The

text: training

text: of

text: the

text: Sangoma

text: is

text: called

text: kwetfwasa

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: training

text: a

text: graduation

text: ceremony

text: takes

text: place

text: where

text: all

text: the

text: local

text: sangoma

text: come

text: together

text: for

text: feasting

text: and

text: dancing

text: The

text: diviner

text: is

text: consulted

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: such

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: sickness

text: or

text: even

text: death

text: His

text: diagnosis

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: kubhula

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: communication

text: through

text: trance

text: with

text: the

text: natural

text: superpowers

text: The

text: Inyanga

text: a

text: medical

text: and

text: pharmaceutical

text: specialist

text: in

text: western

text: terms

text: possesses

text: the

text: bone

text: throwing

text: skill

text: kushaya

text: ematsambo

text: used

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: sickness

question: In Swaziland, what is kwetfwasa?

answer: training of the Sangoma

text: training of the Sangoma

question: What is a Sangoma in Swaziland?

answer: a traditional diviner

text: a traditional diviner

question: Why might one want to discover when consulting a sangoma in Swaziland?

answer: the cause of sickness or even death

text: the cause of sickness or even death

question: How does a sangoma in Swaziland communicate?

answer: kubhula

text: kubhula

question: What is kushaya ematsambo used for?

answer: to determine the cause of the sickness

text: to determine the cause of the sickness

question: Who is chosen by their chiefdom?

text: The Sangoma

question: What ceremony involves the whole village?

text: a graduation ceremony

question: Who puts their patients in a trance?

text: The Sangoma

question: What is thrown to cure the sick?

text: bone


text: Paris is a major rail, highway, and air transport hub. The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP), oversees the transit network in the region. The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: rail

text: highway

text: and

text: air

text: transport

text: hub

text: The

text: Syndicat

text: des

text: transports

text: d'Île

text: de

text: France

text: STIF

text: formerly

text: Syndicat

text: des

text: transports

text: parisiens

text: STP

text: oversees

text: the

text: transit

text: network

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: syndicate

text: coordinates

text: public

text: transport

text: and

text: contracts

text: it

text: out

text: to

text: the

text: RATP

text: operating

text: bus

text: lines

text: the

text: Métro

text: eight

text: tramway

text: lines

text: and

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: RER

text: the

text: SNCF

text: operating

text: suburban

text: rails

text: one

text: tramway

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: RER

text: and

text: the

text: Optile

text: consortium

text: of

text: private

text: operators

text: managing

text: bus

text: lines

question: Who oversees the transit network in Paris?

answer: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France

text: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France

question: What was the STIF formerly known as?

answer: Syndicat des transports parisiens

text: Syndicat des transports parisiens

question: How many bus lines does the STIF oversee?

answer: 347

question: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?

answer: 1,176


text: The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper, On Computable Numbers. Turing reformulated Kurt Gödel's 1931 results on the limits of proof and computation, replacing Gödel's universal arithmetic-based formal language with the formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known as Turing machines. He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm. He went on to prove that there was no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem by first showing that the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable: in general, it is not possible to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: The

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: computer

text: was

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: mathematician

text: and

text: pioneering

text: computer

text: scientist

text: Alan

text: Turing

text: who

text: set

text: out

text: the

text: idea

text: in

text: his

text: seminal

text: paper

text: On

text: Computable

text: Numbers

text: Turing

text: reformulated

text: Kurt

text: Gödel

text: 's

text: results

text: on

text: the

text: limits

text: of

text: proof

text: and

text: computation

text: replacing

text: Gödel

text: 's

text: universal

text: arithmetic

text: based

text: formal

text: language

text: with

text: the

text: formal

text: and

text: simple

text: hypothetical

text: devices

text: that

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Turing

text: machines

text: He

text: proved

text: that

text: some

text: such

text: machine

text: would

text: be

text: capable

text: of

text: performing

text: any

text: conceivable

text: mathematical

text: computation

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: representable

text: as

text: an

text: algorithm

text: He

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: solution

text: to

text: the

text: Entscheidungsproblem

text: by

text: first

text: showing

text: that

text: the

text: halting

text: problem

text: for

text: Turing

text: machines

text: is

text: undecidable

text: in

text: general

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: to

text: decide

text: algorithmically

text: whether

text: a

text: given

text: Turing

text: machine

text: will

text: ever

text: halt

question: Who wrote the paper "On Computable Numbers"?

answer: Alan Turing

text: Alan Turing

question: When did Alan Turing write the paper, "On Computable Numbers"?

answer: 1936

question: Who did Turing revise the results on the limits of proof and computation in 1931?

answer: Kurt Gödel

text: Kurt Gödel


text: In recent years[when?], there have been reports of child abuse in St Helena. Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has been accused of lying to the United Nations about child abuse in St Helena to cover up allegations, including cases of a police officer having raped a four-year-old girl and of a police officer having mutilated a two-year-old.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: In

text: recent

text: years[when

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: reports

text: of

text: child

text: abuse

text: in

text: St

text: Helena

text: Britain

text: ’s

text: Foreign

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: Office

text: FCO

text: has

text: been

text: accused

text: of

text: lying

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: about

text: child

text: abuse

text: in

text: St

text: Helena

text: to

text: cover

text: up

text: allegations

text: including

text: cases

text: of

text: a

text: police

text: officer

text: having

text: raped

text: a

text: four

text: year

text: old

text: girl

text: and

text: of

text: a

text: police

text: officer

text: having

text: mutilated

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: old

question: What has been more prominently reported in recent years in Saint Helena?

answer: reports of child abuse

text: reports of child abuse

question: Who has been accused of lying about the child abuse issue of Saint Helena?

answer: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office

text: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office

question: Who has Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?

answer: the United Nations

text: the United Nations


title: Internet_service_provider

title: Internet_service_provider

text: ISPs

text: may

text: engage

text: in

text: peering

text: where

text: multiple

text: ISPs

text: interconnect

text: at

text: peering

text: points

text: or

text: Internet

text: exchange

text: points

text: IXs

text: allowing

text: routing

text: of

text: data

text: between

text: each

text: network

text: without

text: charging

text: one

text: another

text: for

text: the

text: data

text: transmitted

text: data

text: that

text: would

text: otherwise

text: have

text: passed

text: through

text: a

text: third

text: upstream

text: ISP

text: incurring

text: charges

text: from

text: the

text: upstream

text: ISP

question: What is peering?

answer: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points

text: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points

question: What does peering allow?

answer: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted

text: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted

question: Why is peering used?

answer: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP

text: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP

question: What are IXs?

answer: Internet exchange points

text: Internet exchange points

question: Where do multiple ISPs connect?

answer: peering points or Internet exchange points

text: peering points or Internet exchange points

question: Who may not engage in peering?

text: ISPs

question: Different networks charge each other for what?

text: data transmitted

question: What would've been incurred by data passing through a third upstream ISP?

text: charges from the upstream ISP.

question: Nothing to what costs ISPs more money?

text: peering points


text: On October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities' unwillingness to prosecute those responsible. From October 26–28, the Zelenyi Svit (Friends of the Earth – Ukraine) environmental association held its founding congress, and on October 27 the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating the special status of party and other official organizations.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: union

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: eliminating

text: special

text: seats

text: for

text: Communist

text: Party

text: and

text: other

text: official

text: organizations

text: representatives

text: On

text: October

text: twenty

text: factories

text: in

text: Lviv

text: held

text: strikes

text: and

text: meetings

text: to

text: protest

text: the

text: police

text: brutality

text: of

text: October

text: and

text: the

text: authorities

text: unwillingness

text: to

text: prosecute

text: those

text: responsible

text: From

text: October

text: the

text: Zelenyi

text: Svit

text: Friends

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: Ukraine

text: environmental

text: association

text: held

text: its

text: founding

text: congress

text: and

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: eliminating

text: the

text: special

text: status

text: of

text: party

text: and

text: other

text: official

text: organizations

question: How many factories had strikes on October 26?

answer: twenty

text: twenty

question: Where were the strikes?

answer: Lviv

text: Lviv

question: What were the strikes in protest against?

answer: police brutality

text: police brutality


text: In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandum, as there appeared a notice that Burke would soon publish a letter on the subject to the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, Arthur Young; but he failed to complete it. These fragments were inserted into the memorandum after his death and published posthumously in 1800 as, Thoughts and Details on Scarcity. In it, Burke expounded "some of the doctrines of political economists bearing upon agriculture as a trade". Burke criticised policies such as maximum prices and state regulation of wages, and set out what the limits of government should be:

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: In

text: November

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: debate

text: in

text: Parliament

text: on

text: the

text: high

text: price

text: of

text: corn

text: and

text: Burke

text: wrote

text: a

text: memorandum

text: to

text: Pitt

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: In

text: December

text: Samuel

text: Whitbread

text: MP

text: introduced

text: a

text: bill

text: giving

text: magistrates

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: fix

text: minimum

text: wages

text: and

text: Fox

text: said

text: he

text: would

text: vote

text: for

text: it

text: This

text: debate

text: probably

text: led

text: Burke

text: to

text: editing

text: his

text: memorandum

text: as

text: there

text: appeared

text: a

text: notice

text: that

text: Burke

text: would

text: soon

text: publish

text: a

text: letter

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Agriculture

text: Arthur

text: Young

text: but

text: he

text: failed

text: to

text: complete

text: it

text: These

text: fragments

text: were

text: inserted

text: into

text: the

text: memorandum

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: and

text: published

text: posthumously

text: in

text: as

text: Thoughts

text: and

text: Details

text: on

text: Scarcity

text: In

text: it

text: Burke

text: expounded

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: doctrines

text: of

text: political

text: economists

text: bearing

text: upon

text: agriculture

text: as

text: a

text: trade

text: Burke

text: criticised

text: policies

text: such

text: as

text: maximum

text: prices

text: and

text: state

text: regulation

text: of

text: wages

text: and

text: set

text: out

text: what

text: the

text: limits

text: of

text: government

text: should

text: be

question: Who did Burke write to about the price of corn?

answer: Pitt

text: Pitt

question: Who introduced a bill in 1795 about minimum wage?

answer: Samuel Whitbread

text: Samuel Whitbread

question: Who was the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture?

answer: Arthur Young

text: Arthur Young

question: Burke's unfinished letter to Arthur Young became part of what publication?

answer: Thoughts and Details on Scarcity

text: Thoughts and Details on Scarcity

question: When was 'Thoughts and Details on Scarcity' published?

answer: 1800

question: When did Pitt write to Burke?

text: November 1795

question: What bill did Fox introduce?

question: What was the subject of the letter Arthur Young did not complete?

text: This debate

question: What was the name of the letters Young published?

text: Thoughts and Details on Scarcity

question: When did Fox die?


text: The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse. About 2,000 troops have been allocated to Zipingpu, trying to release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, most of them small, were reported damaged by the quake.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: Zipingpu

text: Hydropower

text: Plant

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: 紫坪铺水库

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: 紫坪鋪水庫

text: located

text: km

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: epicenter

text: was

text: damaged

text: A

text: recent

text: inspection

text: indicated

text: that

text: the

text: damage

text: was

text: less

text: severe

text: than

text: initially

text: feared

text: and

text: it

text: remains

text: structurally

text: stable

text: and

text: safe

text: The

text: Tulong

text: reservoir

text: upstream

text: is

text: in

text: danger

text: of

text: collapse

text: About

text: troops

text: have

text: been

text: allocated

text: to

text: Zipingpu

text: trying

text: to

text: release

text: the

text: pressure

text: through

text: spillway

text: In

text: total

text: dams

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: small

text: were

text: reported

text: damaged

text: by

text: the

text: quake

question: What power plant was damaged?

answer: Hydropower Plant

text: Hydropower Plant

question: How far away was the plant located from the epicenter?

answer: 20 km east

text: 20 km east

question: How many troops were allocated to Zipingpu?

answer: 2,000

question: How many dams were damaged?

answer: 391

question: What power plant was damaged by the earthquake?

answer: Zipingpu Hydropower Plant

text: Zipingpu Hydropower Plant

question: How near to the epicenter was the power plant?

answer: 20 km

text: 20 km

question: What has a recent inspection found about the damage to the power plant?

answer: less severe

text: less severe

question: What might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant?

answer: Tulong reservoir

text: Tulong reservoir

question: What is the total number of dams damaged?

answer: 391


text: Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of waste water by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skin care protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Plymouth

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Marine

text: Biological

text: Association

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: MBA

text: which

text: conducts

text: research

text: in

text: all

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: marine

text: sciences

text: The

text: Plymouth

text: Marine

text: Laboratory

text: is

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: the

text: MBA

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: National

text: Marine

text: Aquarium

text: the

text: Sir

text: Alister

text: Hardy

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Ocean

text: Sciences

text: Plymouth

text: University

text: 's

text: Marine

text: Institute

text: and

text: the

text: Diving

text: Diseases

text: Research

text: Centre

text: these

text: marine

text: related

text: organisations

text: form

text: the

text: Plymouth

text: Marine

text: Sciences

text: Partnership

text: The

text: Plymouth

text: Marine

text: Laboratory

text: which

text: focuses

text: on

text: global

text: issues

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: and

text: sustainability

text: It

text: monitors

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: ocean

text: acidity

text: on

text: corals

text: and

text: shellfish

text: and

text: reports

text: the

text: results

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: It

text: also

text: cultivates

text: algae

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: biofuels

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: waste

text: water

text: by

text: using

text: technology

text: such

text: as

text: photo

text: bioreactors

text: It

text: works

text: alongside

text: the

text: Boots

text: Group

text: to

text: investigate

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: algae

text: in

text: skin

text: care

text: protects

text: taking

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: chemicals

text: they

text: contain

text: that

text: adapt

text: to

text: protect

text: themselves

text: from

text: the

text: sun

question: What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?

answer: Marine Biological Association

text: Marine Biological Association

question: What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?

answer: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences

text: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences

question: What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?

answer: Marine Institute

text: Marine Institute

question: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?

answer: Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership

text: Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership

question: What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?

answer: National Marine Aquarium

text: National Marine Aquarium


text: Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin. The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church has a liturgical feast by that name, kept on December 8. Orthodox Christians reject the Immaculate Conception dogma principally because their understanding of ancestral sin (the Greek term corresponding to the Latin "original sin") differs from the Augustinian interpretation and that of the Roman Catholic Church.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: believe

text: in

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: of

text: Mary

text: as

text: proclaimed

text: Ex

text: Cathedra

text: by

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IX

text: in

text: namely

text: that

text: she

text: was

text: filled

text: with

text: grace

text: from

text: the

text: very

text: moment

text: of

text: her

text: conception

text: in

text: her

text: mother

text: 's

text: womb

text: and

text: preserved

text: from

text: the

text: stain

text: of

text: original

text: sin

text: The

text: Latin

text: Rite

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: has

text: a

text: liturgical

text: feast

text: by

text: that

text: name

text: kept

text: on

text: December

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: reject

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: dogma

text: principally

text: because

text: their

text: understanding

text: of

text: ancestral

text: sin

text: the

text: Greek

text: term

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: Latin

text: original

text: sin

text: differs

text: from

text: the

text: Augustinian

text: interpretation

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

question: On what date is the feast of the Immaculate Conception in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church?

answer: December 8

text: December 8

question: Which pope proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary?

answer: Pope Pius IX

text: Pope Pius IX

question: In what year did Pope Pius IX make his Ex Cathedra proclamation of the Immaculate Conception of Mary?

answer: 1854

question: According to the doctrine of Immaculate Conception, where was Mary when she first become filled with grace?

answer: in her mother's womb

text: in her mother's womb

question: What is the Greek term that means the same thing as "original sin?"

answer: ancestral sin

text: ancestral sin

question: On what day did Mary attend The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church liturgical feast?

text: December 8

question: When did Pope Pius IX become a Roman Catholic?

question: What language, besides Latin, did Pope Pius IX speak?

text: Greek

question: In what year did Orthodox Christians reject the Ex Cathedra?


text: In the early 1980s, Chicago radio jocks The Hot Mix 5, and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played various styles of dance music, including older disco records (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul tracks), electro funk tracks by artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, newer Italo disco, B-Boy hip hop music by Man Parrish, Jellybean Benitez, Arthur Baker, and John Robie, and electronic pop music by Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra. Some made and played their own edits of their favorite songs on reel-to-reel tape, and sometimes mixed in effects, drum machines, and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation. In this era,

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Chicago

text: radio

text: jocks

text: The

text: Hot

text: Mix

text: and

text: club

text: DJs

text: Ron

text: Hardy

text: and

text: Frankie

text: Knuckles

text: played

text: various

text: styles

text: of

text: dance

text: music

text: including

text: older

text: disco

text: records

text: mostly

text: Philly

text: disco

text: and

text: Salsoul

text: tracks

text: electro

text: funk

text: tracks

text: by

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Afrika

text: Bambaataa

text: newer

text: Italo

text: disco

text: B

text: Boy

text: hip

text: hop

text: music

text: by

text: Man

text: Parrish

text: Jellybean

text: Benitez

text: Arthur

text: Baker

text: and

text: John

text: Robie

text: and

text: electronic

text: pop

text: music

text: by

text: Kraftwerk

text: and

text: Yellow

text: Magic

text: Orchestra

text: Some

text: made

text: and

text: played

text: their

text: own

text: edits

text: of

text: their

text: favorite

text: songs

text: on

text: reel

text: to

text: reel

text: tape

text: and

text: sometimes

text: mixed

text: in

text: effects

text: drum

text: machines

text: and

text: other

text: rhythmic

text: electronic

text: instrumentation

text: In

text: this

text: era

question: who were the chicago radio jocks that played dance music in the early 1980s?

answer: The Hot Mix 5

text: The Hot Mix 5

question: what style of music did man parrish play?

answer: B-Boy hip hop music

text: B-Boy hip hop music

question: what style of music did afrika bambaataa play?

answer: electro funk

text: electro funk

question: what style of music did kraftwerk play?

answer: electronic pop music

text: electronic pop music

question: how did producers sometimes make edits of house music?

answer: reel-to-reel tape

text: reel-to-reel tape

question: Who were the chicago radio jocks that played dance music in the early 1970s?

text: The Hot Mix 5

question: What style of music did drum parrish play?

text: B-Boy hip hop music

question: What style of music did drum bambaataa play?

text: electro funk

question: How did producers sometimes make edits of drum music?

text: reel-to-reel tape

question: What style of music did Drum Kraftwerk play?

text: electronic pop music


text: The former ten-year moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants was the result of a citizens' initiative voted on in 1990 which had passed with 54.5% Yes vs. 45.5% No votes. Plans for a new nuclear plant in the Canton of Bern have been put on hold after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011. The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) is the office responsible for all questions relating to energy supply and energy use within the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC). The agency is supporting the 2000-watt society initiative to cut the nation's energy use by more than half by the year 2050.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: former

text: ten

text: year

text: moratorium

text: on

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: new

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plants

text: was

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: citizens

text: initiative

text: voted

text: on

text: in

text: which

text: had

text: passed

text: with

text: Yes

text: vs.

text: No

text: votes

text: Plans

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: nuclear

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: Canton

text: of

text: Bern

text: have

text: been

text: put

text: on

text: hold

text: after

text: the

text: accident

text: at

text: the

text: Fukushima

text: Daiichi

text: power

text: plant

text: in

text: The

text: Swiss

text: Federal

text: Office

text: of

text: Energy

text: SFOE

text: is

text: the

text: office

text: responsible

text: for

text: all

text: questions

text: relating

text: to

text: energy

text: supply

text: and

text: energy

text: use

text: within

text: the

text: Federal

text: Department

text: of

text: Environment

text: Transport

text: Energy

text: and

text: Communications

text: DETEC

text: The

text: agency

text: is

text: supporting

text: the

text: society

text: initiative

text: to

text: cut

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: energy

text: use

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: by

text: the

text: year

question: What was the former 10-year moratorium on the construction of nuclear plants the result of?

answer: a citizens' initiative

text: a citizens' initiative

question: What accident caused the delay in plans for the new nuclear power plant in Bern?

answer: Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011

text: Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011

question: What does SFOE stand for?

answer: Swiss Federal Office of Energy

text: Swiss Federal Office of Energy

question: What does DETEC stand for?

answer: Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications

text: Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications

question: What is the 2000-watt society initiative designed to cut by more than half by 2050?

answer: the nation's energy use

text: the nation's energy use


text: Note that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal cities, not all landed gentry had a hereditary title of nobility.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Note

text: that

text: the

text: Polish

text: landed

text: gentry

text: ziemianie

text: or

text: ziemiaństwo

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: any

text: nobility

text: that

text: owned

text: lands

text: thus

text: of

text: course

text: the

text: magnates

text: the

text: middle

text: nobility

text: and

text: that

text: lesser

text: nobility

text: that

text: had

text: at

text: least

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: village

text: As

text: manorial

text: lordships

text: were

text: also

text: opened

text: to

text: burgesses

text: of

text: certain

text: privileged

text: royal

text: cities

text: not

text: all

text: landed

text: gentry

text: had

text: a

text: hereditary

text: title

text: of

text: nobility

question: Who could compose the polish landed gentry?

answer: any nobility that owned lands

text: any nobility that owned lands

question: whats is another name for polish landed gentry?

answer: (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo

text: (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo

question: Did all hold title of nobility?

answer: no

text: no


text: Within Galicia are the Autopista AP-9 from Ferrol to Vigo and the Autopista AP-53 (also known as AG-53, because it was initially built by the Xunta de Galicia) from Santiago to Ourense. Additional roads under construction include Autovía A-54 from Santiago de Compostela to Lugo, and Autovía A-56 from Lugo to Ourense. The Xunta de Galicia has built roads connecting comarcal capitals, such as the aforementioned AG-53, Autovía AG-55 connecting A Coruña to Carballo or AG-41 connecting Pontevedra to Sanxenxo.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Within

text: Galicia

text: are

text: the

text: Autopista

text: from

text: Ferrol

text: to

text: Vigo

text: and

text: the

text: Autopista

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: because

text: it

text: was

text: initially

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Xunta

text: de

text: Galicia

text: from

text: Santiago

text: to

text: Ourense

text: Additional

text: roads

text: under

text: construction

text: include

text: Autovía

text: from

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Compostela

text: to

text: Lugo

text: and

text: Autovía

text: from

text: Lugo

text: to

text: Ourense

text: The

text: Xunta

text: de

text: Galicia

text: has

text: built

text: roads

text: connecting

text: comarcal

text: capitals

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: Autovía

text: connecting

text: A

text: Coruña

text: to

text: Carballo

text: or

text: connecting

text: Pontevedra

text: to

text: Sanxenxo

question: The Autopista AP-53 was originally built by whom?

answer: Xunta de Galicia

text: Xunta de Galicia

question: Name another road they responsible for.

answer: AG-41


text: Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971. Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor, adding a law school and proposing plans for a new School of Management. During his administration, a new library was also added, doubling the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980, encouraging a combination of educational excellence and religious faith at the university. He believed that one of the school's greatest strengths was its religious nature and that this should be taken advantage of rather than hidden. During his administration, the university added a campus in Jerusalem, now called the BYU Jerusalem Center. In 1989, Holland was replaced by Rex E. Lee. Lee was responsible for the Benson Science Building and the Museum of Art on campus. A cancer victim, Lee is memorialized annually at BYU during a cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run. Shortly before his death, Lee was replaced in 1995 by Merrill J. Bateman.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: Dallin

text: H.

text: Oaks

text: replaced

text: Wilkinson

text: as

text: president

text: in

text: Oaks

text: continued

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: his

text: predecessor

text: adding

text: a

text: law

text: school

text: and

text: proposing

text: plans

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: School

text: of

text: Management

text: During

text: his

text: administration

text: a

text: new

text: library

text: was

text: also

text: added

text: doubling

text: the

text: library

text: space

text: on

text: campus

text: Jeffrey

text: R.

text: Holland

text: followed

text: as

text: president

text: in

text: encouraging

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: educational

text: excellence

text: and

text: religious

text: faith

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: He

text: believed

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: greatest

text: strengths

text: was

text: its

text: religious

text: nature

text: and

text: that

text: this

text: should

text: be

text: taken

text: advantage

text: of

text: rather

text: than

text: hidden

text: During

text: his

text: administration

text: the

text: university

text: added

text: a

text: campus

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: BYU

text: Jerusalem

text: Center

text: In

text: Holland

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Rex

text: E.

text: Lee

text: Lee

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: Benson

text: Science

text: Building

text: and

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: on

text: campus

text: A

text: cancer

text: victim

text: Lee

text: is

text: memorialized

text: annually

text: at

text: BYU

text: during

text: a

text: cancer

text: fundraiser

text: called

text: the

text: Rex

text: Lee

text: Run

text: Shortly

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: Lee

text: was

text: replaced

text: in

text: by

text: Merrill

text: J.

text: Bateman

question: Who was responsible for the BYU's first campus outside of the U.S.?

answer: Jeffrey R. Holland

text: Jeffrey R. Holland

question: Which BYU president suffered from a terminal illness?

answer: Rex E. Lee

text: Rex E. Lee

question: Who succeeded Rex E. Lee?

answer: Merrill J. Bateman

text: Merrill J. Bateman

question: Who is responsible for the university's expansion into law and management schools?

answer: Dallin H. Oaks

text: Dallin H. Oaks

question: What did Jeffrey R. Holland believe to be BYU's strongest asset?

answer: its religious nature

text: its religious nature

question: Which new BYU school was added under Pres. Dallin H. Oaks in 1971?

answer: law

text: law

question: In which foreign country did Jeffrey R. Holland open a BYU campus during his presidency?

answer: Jerusalem

text: Jerusalem

question: What annual event at BYU is carried out in memory of former president Rex E. Lee, who built the Museum of Art on campus?

answer: cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run

text: cancer fundraiser called the Rex Lee Run

question: What was believed to be one of the schools greatest strengths by Pres. Jeffrey R. Holland?

answer: its religious nature

text: its religious nature

question: What is the name of the BYU campus in Jerusulem?

answer: BYU Jerusalem Center

text: BYU Jerusalem Center

question: Who replaced Wilkinson as president in 1980?

text: Dallin H. Oaks

question: Who followed Dallin H. Oaks as president in 1971?

text: Jeffrey R. Holland

question: Where is the BUY Jerusalem Center located?

text: Jerusalem

question: Who replaced Holland in 1995?

text: Rex E. Lee

question: Who replaced Lee in 1989?

text: Merrill J. Bateman


text: The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: British

text: Nationality

text: Act

text: reclassified

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: Crown

text: colonies

text: as

text: British

text: Dependent

text: Territories

text: The

text: islanders

text: lost

text: their

text: right

text: of

text: abode

text: in

text: Britain

text: For

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: many

text: could

text: find

text: only

text: low

text: paid

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: island

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: available

text: employment

text: outside

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: Falkland

text: Islands

text: and

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: The

text: Development

text: and

text: Economic

text: Planning

text: Department

text: which

text: still

text: operates

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: raising

text: the

text: living

text: standards

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

question: What right was lost by the citizen of the islands due to the act?

answer: right of abode in Britain

text: right of abode in Britain

question: What department was formed to help raise the living standards of the citizens in Saint Helena?

answer: The Development and Economic Planning Department

text: The Development and Economic Planning Department

question: What year was the Development and Economic Planning Department formed?

answer: 1988

question: Where was the only work outside of Saint Helena located?

answer: Falkland Islands and Ascension Island

text: Falkland Islands and Ascension Island


text: LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements in series may be able to operate directly from line voltage. In 2009, Seoul Semiconductor released a high DC voltage LED, named as 'Acrich MJT', capable of being driven from AC power with a simple controlling circuit. The low-power dissipation of these LEDs affords them more flexibility than the original AC LED design.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: LEDs

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: by

text: Seoul

text: Semiconductor

text: that

text: can

text: operate

text: on

text: AC

text: power

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: a

text: DC

text: converter

text: For

text: each

text: half

text: cycle

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: LED

text: emits

text: light

text: and

text: part

text: is

text: dark

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: reversed

text: during

text: the

text: next

text: half

text: cycle

text: The

text: efficacy

text: of

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: HP

text: LED

text: is

text: typically

text: lm

text: W.

text: A

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: LED

text: elements

text: in

text: series

text: may

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: operate

text: directly

text: from

text: line

text: voltage

text: In

text: Seoul

text: Semiconductor

text: released

text: a

text: high

text: DC

text: voltage

text: LED

text: named

text: as

text: Acrich

text: MJT

text: capable

text: of

text: being

text: driven

text: from

text: AC

text: power

text: with

text: a

text: simple

text: controlling

text: circuit

text: The

text: low

text: power

text: dissipation

text: of

text: these

text: LEDs

text: affords

text: them

text: more

text: flexibility

text: than

text: the

text: original

text: AC

text: LED

text: design

question: What company has developed LEDs that can operate on AC power?

answer: Seoul Semiconductor

text: Seoul Semiconductor

question: What is the efficacy of an AC powered HP-LED?

answer: 40 lm/W

text: 40 lm/W

question: When did Seoul Semiconductor release the first high DC voltage LED?

answer: 2009

question: What is so good about ac powered HP-LEDs?

answer: more flexibility

text: more flexibility

question: What did Seoul Semiconductor name their ac powered HP-LED?

answer: Acrich MJT

text: Acrich MJT

question: What company has developed non-LEDs that can operate on AC power?

text: Seoul Semiconductor

question: What is the efficacy of an non-AC powered HP-LED?

text: 40 lm/W

question: When did non-Seoul Semiconductor release the first high DC voltage LED?

question: What is so good about ac powered non-HP-LEDs?

text: flexibility


text: In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier). Patriarch cardinals do not receive title of a suburbicarian see, and as such they cannot elect the dean or become dean. There are currently three Eastern Patriarchs who are cardinal bishops:

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: In

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: decreed

text: in

text: his

text: motu

text: proprio

text: Ad

text: Purpuratorum

text: Patrum

text: that

text: patriarchs

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: who

text: were

text: named

text: cardinals

text: i.e.

text: patriarch

text: cardinals

text: would

text: also

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: episcopal

text: order

text: ranking

text: after

text: the

text: six

text: cardinal

text: bishops

text: of

text: the

text: suburbicarian

text: sees

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: relieved

text: of

text: direct

text: responsibilities

text: for

text: those

text: sees

text: by

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: three

text: years

text: earlier

text: Patriarch

text: cardinals

text: do

text: not

text: receive

text: title

text: of

text: a

text: suburbicarian

text: see

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: they

text: can

text: not

text: elect

text: the

text: dean

text: or

text: become

text: dean

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: three

text: Eastern

text: Patriarchs

text: who

text: are

text: cardinal

text: bishops

question: Patriarch cardinals are not given what title?

answer: a suburbicarian see

text: a suburbicarian see

question: What did Pope Paul VI decree in 1965 about the patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?

text: be part of the episcopal order

question: Who ranked after the seven cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees?

question: What title did patriarch cardinals receive?

text: title of a suburbicarian see

question: How many Western Patriarchs are currently cardinal bishops?

text: three

question: Who can elect the dean or become dean?

text: Patriarch cardinals


text: In abstract algebra, more general structures are defined by relaxing some of the axioms defining a group. For example, if the requirement that every element has an inverse is eliminated, the resulting algebraic structure is called a monoid. The natural numbers N (including 0) under addition form a monoid, as do the nonzero integers under multiplication (Z ∖ {0}, ·), see above. There is a general method to formally add inverses to elements to any (abelian) monoid, much the same way as (Q ∖ {0}, ·) is derived from (Z ∖ {0}, ·), known as the Grothendieck group. Groupoids are similar to groups except that the composition a • b need not be defined for all a and b. They arise in the study of more complicated forms of symmetry, often in topological and analytical structures, such as the fundamental groupoid or stacks. Finally, it is possible to generalize any of these concepts by replacing the binary operation with an arbitrary n-ary one (i.e. an operation taking n arguments). With the proper generalization of the group axioms this gives rise to an n-ary group. The table gives a list of several structures generalizing groups.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: In

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: more

text: general

text: structures

text: are

text: defined

text: by

text: relaxing

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: axioms

text: defining

text: a

text: group

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: the

text: requirement

text: that

text: every

text: element

text: has

text: an

text: inverse

text: is

text: eliminated

text: the

text: resulting

text: algebraic

text: structure

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: monoid

text: The

text: natural

text: numbers

text: N

text: including

text: under

text: addition

text: form

text: a

text: monoid

text: as

text: do

text: the

text: nonzero

text: integers

text: under

text: multiplication

text: Z

text: see

text: above

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: general

text: method

text: to

text: formally

text: add

text: inverses

text: to

text: elements

text: to

text: any

text: abelian

text: monoid

text: much

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: as

text: Q

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: Z

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Grothendieck

text: group

text: Groupoids

text: are

text: similar

text: to

text: groups

text: except

text: that

text: the

text: composition

text: a

text: b

text: need

text: not

text: be

text: defined

text: for

text: all

text: a

text: and

text: b.

text: They

text: arise

text: in

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: more

text: complicated

text: forms

text: of

text: symmetry

text: often

text: in

text: topological

text: and

text: analytical

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: fundamental

text: groupoid

text: or

text: stacks

text: Finally

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: generalize

text: any

text: of

text: these

text: concepts

text: by

text: replacing

text: the

text: binary

text: operation

text: with

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: n

text: ary

text: one

text: i.e.

text: an

text: operation

text: taking

text: n

text: arguments

text: With

text: the

text: proper

text: generalization

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: axioms

text: this

text: gives

text: rise

text: to

text: an

text: n

text: ary

text: group

text: The

text: table

text: gives

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: several

text: structures

text: generalizing

text: groups

question: What product is created if the requirement that every element has an inverse is eliminated?

answer: monoid

text: monoid

question: What type of numbers under addition form a monoid?

answer: natural numbers N (including 0)

text: natural numbers N (including 0)

question: What method formally adds inverses to elements to any monoid?

answer: the Grothendieck group

text: the Grothendieck group

question: What can be replaced to simplify abstract algebra concepts?

answer: the binary operation

text: the binary operation

question: Axioms are defined by relaxing what?

text: more general structures

question: What is the inverse of every element called?

text: monoid

question: What is derived from (Q \ [0],-)?

text: (Z ∖ {0}, ·)

question: What needs to be defined in Groupoids for a and b?

text: composition a • b

question: What does generalizing an n-ary group give rise to?

text: group axioms


text: For the past 25 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park. In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening, the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages is one of the largest free festivals in the country. All stages are within easy walking distance. Organized by the Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association, volunteers make this festival possible. KXCI 91.3-FM, Arizona's only community radio station, is a major partner, broadcasting from the Plaza Stage throughout the weekend. In addition, there are numerous workshops, events for children, sing-alongs, and a popular singer/songwriter contest. Musicians typically play 30-minute sets, supported by professional audio staff volunteers. A variety of food and crafts are available at the festival, as well as local micro-brews. All proceeds from sales go to fund future festivals.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: For

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: the

text: Tucson

text: Folk

text: Festival

text: has

text: taken

text: place

text: the

text: first

text: Saturday

text: and

text: Sunday

text: of

text: May

text: in

text: downtown

text: Tucson

text: 's

text: El

text: Presidio

text: Park

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: nationally

text: known

text: headline

text: acts

text: each

text: evening

text: the

text: Festival

text: highlights

text: over

text: local

text: and

text: regional

text: musicians

text: on

text: five

text: stages

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: free

text: festivals

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: All

text: stages

text: are

text: within

text: easy

text: walking

text: distance

text: Organized

text: by

text: the

text: Tucson

text: Kitchen

text: Musicians

text: Association

text: volunteers

text: make

text: this

text: festival

text: possible

text: KXCI

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: only

text: community

text: radio

text: station

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: partner

text: broadcasting

text: from

text: the

text: Plaza

text: Stage

text: throughout

text: the

text: weekend

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: numerous

text: workshops

text: events

text: for

text: children

text: sing

text: alongs

text: and

text: a

text: popular

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: contest

text: Musicians

text: typically

text: play

text: sets

text: supported

text: by

text: professional

text: audio

text: staff

text: volunteers

text: A

text: variety

text: of

text: food

text: and

text: crafts

text: are

text: available

text: at

text: the

text: festival

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: local

text: micro

text: brews

text: All

text: proceeds

text: from

text: sales

text: go

text: to

text: fund

text: future

text: festivals

question: When is the Tucson Folk Festival held?

answer: the first Saturday and Sunday of May

text: the first Saturday and Sunday of May

question: Where is the Tucson Folk Festival held?

answer: El Presidio Park

text: El Presidio Park

question: How many performers are in the Tucson Folk Festival?

answer: over 100

text: over 100

question: How much does the Tucson Folk Festival cost to get in?

answer: free

text: free

question: Who runs the Tucson Folk Festival?

answer: Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association

text: Tucson Kitchen Musicians Association


text: Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued before 1928 measured 7.42 inches (188 mm) by 3.125 inches (79.4 mm); small-sized notes, introduced that year, measure 6.14 inches (156 mm) by 2.61 inches (66 mm) by 0.0043 inches (0.11 mm). When the current, smaller sized U.S. currency was introduced it was referred to as Philippine-sized currency because the Philippines had previously adopted the same size for its legal currency.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: Today

text: USD

text: notes

text: are

text: made

text: from

text: cotton

text: fiber

text: paper

text: unlike

text: most

text: common

text: paper

text: which

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: wood

text: fiber

text: U.S.

text: coins

text: are

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Mint

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: banknotes

text: are

text: printed

text: by

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Engraving

text: and

text: Printing

text: and

text: since

text: have

text: been

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: The

text: large

text: sized

text: notes

text: issued

text: before

text: measured

text: inches

text: mm

text: by

text: inches

text: mm

text: small

text: sized

text: notes

text: introduced

text: that

text: year

text: measure

text: inches

text: mm

text: by

text: inches

text: mm

text: by

text: inches

text: mm

text: When

text: the

text: current

text: smaller

text: sized

text: U.S.

text: currency

text: was

text: introduced

text: it

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Philippine

text: sized

text: currency

text: because

text: the

text: Philippines

text: had

text: previously

text: adopted

text: the

text: same

text: size

text: for

text: its

text: legal

text: currency

question: What are dollar notes made from now adays?

answer: cotton fiber paper

text: cotton fiber paper

question: What is most common paper made of?

answer: wood fiber

text: wood fiber

question: Since 1914, who issues the dollar banknotes?

answer: Federal Reserve

text: Federal Reserve

question: How long do the current notes measure?

answer: 6.14 inches

text: 6.14 inches

question: What size currency are the new smaller notes similar to?

answer: Philippine

text: Philippine

question: What are Phillipine notes made from now adays?

text: cotton fiber paper

question: What is most common currency made of?

text: wood fiber

question: Since 1911, who issues the dollar banknotes?

text: Federal Reserve

question: How long do the current reserves measure?

text: 6.14 inches

question: What size currency are the new larger notes similar to?

text: Philippines


text: Yerevan Vernissage (arts and crafts market), close to Republic Square, bustles with hundreds of vendors selling a variety of crafts on weekends and Wednesdays (though the selection is much reduced mid-week). The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims that are a Caucasus specialty. Obsidian, which is found locally, is crafted into assortment of jewellery and ornamental objects. Armenian gold smithery enjoys a long tradition, populating one corner of the market with a selection of gold items. Soviet relics and souvenirs of recent Russian manufacture – nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes and so on – are also available at the Vernisage.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Yerevan

text: Vernissage

text: arts

text: and

text: crafts

text: market

text: close

text: to

text: Republic

text: Square

text: bustles

text: with

text: hundreds

text: of

text: vendors

text: selling

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: crafts

text: on

text: weekends

text: and

text: Wednesdays

text: though

text: the

text: selection

text: is

text: much

text: reduced

text: mid

text: week

text: The

text: market

text: offers

text: woodcarving

text: antiques

text: fine

text: lace

text: and

text: the

text: hand

text: knotted

text: wool

text: carpets

text: and

text: kilims

text: that

text: are

text: a

text: Caucasus

text: specialty

text: Obsidian

text: which

text: is

text: found

text: locally

text: is

text: crafted

text: into

text: assortment

text: of

text: jewellery

text: and

text: ornamental

text: objects

text: Armenian

text: gold

text: smithery

text: enjoys

text: a

text: long

text: tradition

text: populating

text: one

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: with

text: a

text: selection

text: of

text: gold

text: items

text: Soviet

text: relics

text: and

text: souvenirs

text: of

text: recent

text: Russian

text: manufacture

text: nesting

text: dolls

text: watches

text: enamel

text: boxes

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: are

text: also

text: available

text: at

text: the

text: Vernisage

question: What is Obsidian used for?

answer: jewellery and ornamental objects

text: jewellery and ornamental objects

question: What are some examples of soviet memorabilia that can be purchased at Vernissage?

answer: nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes

text: nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes

question: What types of crafts can be purchased at Vernissage?

answer: woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims

text: woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims

question: What is Vernissage?

answer: arts and crafts market

text: arts and crafts market


text: The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674. The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han Chinese (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners, to fight and crush the Three Feudatories. Wu Sangui's forces were crushed by the Green Standard Army, made out of defected Ming soldiers.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: Qing

text: forces

text: were

text: crushed

text: by

text: Wu

text: from

text: The

text: Qing

text: had

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: soldiers

text: and

text: Han

text: elite

text: against

text: the

text: Three

text: Feudatories

text: since

text: they

text: refused

text: to

text: join

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: in

text: the

text: revolt

text: while

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: and

text: Manchu

text: officers

text: fared

text: poorly

text: against

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: so

text: the

text: Qing

text: responded

text: with

text: using

text: a

text: massive

text: army

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: non

text: Banner

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: to

text: fight

text: and

text: crush

text: the

text: Three

text: Feudatories

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: 's

text: forces

text: were

text: crushed

text: by

text: the

text: Green

text: Standard

text: Army

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: defected

text: Ming

text: soldiers

question: When did Wu destroy the Qing armies?

answer: 1673-1674

question: How many soldiers did the Qing fight back with?

answer: 900,000

question: What happened to Wu's army?

answer: crushed by the Green Standard Army

text: crushed by the Green Standard Army


text: Resource mismanagement is a particular problem with NPOs because the employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization. For example, an employee may start a new program without disclosing its complete liabilities. The employee may be rewarded for improving the NPO's reputation, making other employees happy, and attracting new donors. Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization but not recorded anywhere constitute accounting fraud. But even indirect liabilities negatively affect the financial sustainability of the NPO, and the NPO will have financial problems unless strict controls are instated. Some commentators have also argued that receiving significant funding from large for-profit corporations can ultimately alter the NPO's functions.

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Resource

text: mismanagement

text: is

text: a

text: particular

text: problem

text: with

text: NPOs

text: because

text: the

text: employees

text: are

text: not

text: accountable

text: to

text: anybody

text: with

text: a

text: direct

text: stake

text: in

text: the

text: organization

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: employee

text: may

text: start

text: a

text: new

text: program

text: without

text: disclosing

text: its

text: complete

text: liabilities

text: The

text: employee

text: may

text: be

text: rewarded

text: for

text: improving

text: the

text: NPO

text: 's

text: reputation

text: making

text: other

text: employees

text: happy

text: and

text: attracting

text: new

text: donors

text: Liabilities

text: promised

text: on

text: the

text: full

text: faith

text: and

text: credit

text: of

text: the

text: organization

text: but

text: not

text: recorded

text: anywhere

text: constitute

text: accounting

text: fraud

text: But

text: even

text: indirect

text: liabilities

text: negatively

text: affect

text: the

text: financial

text: sustainability

text: of

text: the

text: NPO

text: and

text: the

text: NPO

text: will

text: have

text: financial

text: problems

text: unless

text: strict

text: controls

text: are

text: instated

text: Some

text: commentators

text: have

text: also

text: argued

text: that

text: receiving

text: significant

text: funding

text: from

text: large

text: for

text: profit

text: corporations

text: can

text: ultimately

text: alter

text: the

text: NPO

text: 's

text: functions

question: What is a major hurdle of the financial aspect of an NPO?

answer: Resource mismanagement

text: Resource mismanagement

question: How is resource mismanagement allowed to happen so easily?

answer: employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization

text: employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization

question: How can an NPO help to prevent financial problems?

answer: strict controls

text: strict controls

question: What can constitute accounting fraud when nothing is recorded?

answer: Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization

text: Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization

question: What can a large influx of money from a for-profit company do to an organization?

answer: alter the NPO's functions

text: alter the NPO's functions

question: Why is making employees happy a problem with NPO's?

question: What can an employee do with the organization's reputation without disclosing donors?

text: start a new program

question: What are three ways a commentator is rewarded?

question: How can a for-profit organization prevent financial problems?

text: strict controls

question: What can large corporations attracting donors do to a NPO?

text: alter the NPO's functions


text: When the alloy cools and solidifies (crystallizes), its mechanical properties will often be quite different from those of its individual constituents. A metal that is normally very soft and malleable, such as aluminium, can be altered by alloying it with another soft metal, like copper. Although both metals are very soft and ductile, the resulting aluminium alloy will be much harder and stronger. Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron produces an alloy called steel. Due to its very-high strength and toughness (which is much higher than pure iron), and its ability to be greatly altered by heat treatment, steel is one of the most common alloys in modern use. By adding chromium to steel, its resistance to corrosion can be enhanced, creating stainless steel, while adding silicon will alter its electrical characteristics, producing silicon steel.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: When

text: the

text: alloy

text: cools

text: and

text: solidifies

text: crystallizes

text: its

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: will

text: often

text: be

text: quite

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: its

text: individual

text: constituents

text: A

text: metal

text: that

text: is

text: normally

text: very

text: soft

text: and

text: malleable

text: such

text: as

text: aluminium

text: can

text: be

text: altered

text: by

text: alloying

text: it

text: with

text: another

text: soft

text: metal

text: like

text: copper

text: Although

text: both

text: metals

text: are

text: very

text: soft

text: and

text: ductile

text: the

text: resulting

text: aluminium

text: alloy

text: will

text: be

text: much

text: harder

text: and

text: stronger

text: Adding

text: a

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: non

text: metallic

text: carbon

text: to

text: iron

text: produces

text: an

text: alloy

text: called

text: steel

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: very

text: high

text: strength

text: and

text: toughness

text: which

text: is

text: much

text: higher

text: than

text: pure

text: iron

text: and

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: be

text: greatly

text: altered

text: by

text: heat

text: treatment

text: steel

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: alloys

text: in

text: modern

text: use

text: By

text: adding

text: chromium

text: to

text: steel

text: its

text: resistance

text: to

text: corrosion

text: can

text: be

text: enhanced

text: creating

text: stainless

text: steel

text: while

text: adding

text: silicon

text: will

text: alter

text: its

text: electrical

text: characteristics

text: producing

text: silicon

text: steel

question: How is steel produced?

answer: Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron

text: Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron

question: What kind of metal is soft like copper?

answer: aluminium

text: aluminium

question: What can be added to steel to enhance is corrosion resistance?

answer: chromium

text: chromium

question: What is superior to pure iron?

answer: steel

text: steel

question: What is another word for when alloys solidify?

answer: crystallizes

text: crystallizes

question: What is produced by adding metallic carb and iron?

text: steel

question: What type of metal is hardly copper?

text: aluminium

question: What makes steel more corrosive?

text: chromium

question: The characteristics of what stay the same as it cools?

text: alloy

question: What is aluminum alloy the most common of?

text: alloys


text: Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: Louise

text: Ciccone

text: /tʃɪˈkoʊni/

text: Italian

text: tʃikˈkoːne

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: actress

text: and

text: businesswoman

text: She

text: achieved

text: popularity

text: by

text: pushing

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: lyrical

text: content

text: in

text: mainstream

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: imagery

text: in

text: her

text: music

text: videos

text: which

text: became

text: a

text: fixture

text: on

text: MTV

text: Madonna

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: reinventing

text: both

text: her

text: music

text: and

text: image

text: and

text: for

text: maintaining

text: her

text: autonomy

text: within

text: the

text: recording

text: industry

text: Music

text: critics

text: have

text: acclaimed

text: her

text: musical

text: productions

text: which

text: have

text: generated

text: some

text: controversy

text: Often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Queen

text: of

text: Pop

text: she

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: as

text: an

text: influence

text: by

text: other

text: artists

question: What is Madonna's real name?

answer: Madonna Louise Ciccone

text: Madonna Louise Ciccone

question: When was Madonna born?

answer: August 16, 1958

text: August 16, 1958

question: Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as?

answer: Queen of Pop

text: Queen of Pop

question: Madonna became a fixture on which TV channel?

answer: MTV

text: MTV

question: Who is known for maintaining her autonomy and reinventing her image in the music industry?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna


text: A number of technologies allow asphalt/bitumen to be mixed at much lower temperatures. These involve mixing with petroleum solvents to form "cutbacks" with reduced melting point, or mixtures with water to turn the asphalt/bitumen into an emulsion. Asphalt emulsions contain up to 70% asphalt/bitumen and typically less than 1.5% chemical additives. There are two main types of emulsions with different affinity for aggregates, cationic and anionic. Asphalt emulsions are used in a wide variety of applications. Chipseal involves spraying the road surface with asphalt emulsion followed by a layer of crushed rock, gravel or crushed slag. Slurry seal involves the creation of a mixture of asphalt emulsion and fine crushed aggregate that is spread on the surface of a road. Cold-mixed asphalt can also be made from asphalt emulsion to create pavements similar to hot-mixed asphalt, several inches in depth and asphalt emulsions are also blended into recycled hot-mix asphalt to create low-cost pavements.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: technologies

text: allow

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: to

text: be

text: mixed

text: at

text: much

text: lower

text: temperatures

text: These

text: involve

text: mixing

text: with

text: petroleum

text: solvents

text: to

text: form

text: cutbacks

text: with

text: reduced

text: melting

text: point

text: or

text: mixtures

text: with

text: water

text: to

text: turn

text: the

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: into

text: an

text: emulsion

text: Asphalt

text: emulsions

text: contain

text: up

text: to

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: and

text: typically

text: less

text: than

text: chemical

text: additives

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: main

text: types

text: of

text: emulsions

text: with

text: different

text: affinity

text: for

text: aggregates

text: cationic

text: and

text: anionic

text: Asphalt

text: emulsions

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: applications

text: Chipseal

text: involves

text: spraying

text: the

text: road

text: surface

text: with

text: asphalt

text: emulsion

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: layer

text: of

text: crushed

text: rock

text: gravel

text: or

text: crushed

text: slag

text: Slurry

text: seal

text: involves

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: asphalt

text: emulsion

text: and

text: fine

text: crushed

text: aggregate

text: that

text: is

text: spread

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: a

text: road

text: Cold

text: mixed

text: asphalt

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: made

text: from

text: asphalt

text: emulsion

text: to

text: create

text: pavements

text: similar

text: to

text: hot

text: mixed

text: asphalt

text: several

text: inches

text: in

text: depth

text: and

text: asphalt

text: emulsions

text: are

text: also

text: blended

text: into

text: recycled

text: hot

text: mix

text: asphalt

text: to

text: create

text: low

text: cost

text: pavements

question: What does mixing bitumen with water create?

answer: emulsion

text: emulsion

question: What percentage of bitumen is found in bitumen/water emulsions?

answer: 70%

question: What are the two types of bitumen emulsions?

answer: cationic and anionic

text: cationic and anionic

question: What are some bitumen emulsions blended with to make a low-cost product?

answer: recycled

text: recycled

question: What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble?

answer: hot-mixed

text: hot-mixed

question: What allows asphalt to be mixed at higher temperatures?

text: A number of technologies

question: Up to 80% of asphalt emulsions is what?

text: asphalt/bitumen

question: Less than 5% of asphalt emulsions is comprised of what?

text: chemical additives

question: How many types of chipseals with different affinities are there?

text: two


text: The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic blends of official, unofficial, local and personal cults that characterised lawful Roman religion. In this spirit, a provincial Roman citizen who made the long journey from Bordeaux to Italy to consult the Sibyl at Tibur did not neglect his devotion to his own goddess from home:

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: impressive

text: costly

text: and

text: centralised

text: rites

text: to

text: the

text: deities

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: state

text: were

text: vastly

text: outnumbered

text: in

text: everyday

text: life

text: by

text: commonplace

text: religious

text: observances

text: pertaining

text: to

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: domestic

text: and

text: personal

text: deities

text: the

text: patron

text: divinities

text: of

text: Rome

text: 's

text: various

text: neighborhoods

text: and

text: communities

text: and

text: the

text: often

text: idiosyncratic

text: blends

text: of

text: official

text: unofficial

text: local

text: and

text: personal

text: cults

text: that

text: characterised

text: lawful

text: Roman

text: religion

text: In

text: this

text: spirit

text: a

text: provincial

text: Roman

text: citizen

text: who

text: made

text: the

text: long

text: journey

text: from

text: Bordeaux

text: to

text: Italy

text: to

text: consult

text: the

text: Sibyl

text: at

text: Tibur

text: did

text: not

text: neglect

text: his

text: devotion

text: to

text: his

text: own

text: goddess

text: from

text: home

question: What type of religious practices outnumbered the state observances?

answer: commonplace

text: commonplace

question: To what did the mixture of official and individual religious practices  pertain?

answer: lawful Roman

text: lawful Roman

question: What were the characteristics of state religious observances?

answer: impressive, costly, and centralised

text: impressive, costly, and centralised

question: Who made the choices of personal religious practices in Rome?

answer: individual

text: individual

question: What type of deities did Roman communities have?

answer: patron

text: patron


text: Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Drug

text: trafficking

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: illegal

text: source

text: of

text: income

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: transit

text: country

text: for

text: Afghan

text: narcotics

text: bound

text: for

text: Russian

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: Western

text: European

text: markets

text: some

text: opium

text: poppy

text: is

text: also

text: raised

text: locally

text: for

text: the

text: domestic

text: market

text: However

text: with

text: the

text: increasing

text: assistance

text: from

text: international

text: organizations

text: such

text: as

text: UNODC

text: and

text: cooperation

text: with

text: the

text: US

text: Russian

text: EU

text: and

text: Afghan

text: authorities

text: a

text: level

text: of

text: progress

text: on

text: the

text: fight

text: against

text: illegal

text: drug

text: trafficking

text: is

text: being

text: achieved

text: Tajikistan

text: holds

text: third

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: heroin

text: and

text: raw

text: opium

text: confiscations

text: kg

text: of

text: heroin

text: and

text: kg

text: of

text: raw

text: opium

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: Drug

text: money

text: corrupts

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: government

text: according

text: to

text: some

text: experts

text: the

text: well

text: known

text: personalities

text: that

text: fought

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: and

text: have

text: held

text: the

text: positions

text: in

text: the

text: government

text: after

text: the

text: armistice

text: was

text: signed

text: are

text: now

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: drug

text: trade

text: UNODC

text: is

text: working

text: with

text: Tajikistan

text: to

text: strengthen

text: border

text: crossings

text: provide

text: training

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: joint

text: interdiction

text: teams

text: It

text: also

text: helped

text: to

text: establish

text: Tajikistani

text: Drug

text: Control

text: Agency

question: What is raised locally for the domestic market?

answer: opium poppy

text: opium poppy

question: What all has helped with the fight against drugs?

answer: with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities

text: with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities

question: Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations?

answer: heroin and raw opium confiscations

text: heroin and raw opium confiscations

question: What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs?

answer: strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency

text: strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency

question: What is a major illegal source of income in Turkey?

text: Drug trafficking

question: No progress has been achieved in the fight against what?

text: illegal drug-trafficking

question: Who holds fourth place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations?

text: Tajikistan

question: Counterfeit money corrupts what?

text: the country's government


text: Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qualified them for the 2014 FA Community Shield where they would play Premier League champions Manchester City. They recorded a resounding 3–0 win in the game, winning their second trophy in three months. Nine months after their Community Shield triumph, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second year in a row, thrashing Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles. On 2 August 2015, Arsenal beat Chelsea 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to retain the Community Shield and earn their 14th Community Shield title.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Arsenal

text: reached

text: the

text: final

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: League

text: Cups

text: losing

text: to

text: Chelsea

text: and

text: Birmingham

text: City

text: respectively

text: The

text: club

text: had

text: not

text: gained

text: a

text: major

text: trophy

text: since

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: until

text: May

text: when

text: Arsenal

text: beat

text: Hull

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: Final

text: coming

text: back

text: from

text: a

text: deficit

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: match

text: This

text: qualified

text: them

text: for

text: the

text: FA

text: Community

text: Shield

text: where

text: they

text: would

text: play

text: Premier

text: League

text: champions

text: Manchester

text: City

text: They

text: recorded

text: a

text: resounding

text: win

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: winning

text: their

text: second

text: trophy

text: in

text: three

text: months

text: Nine

text: months

text: after

text: their

text: Community

text: Shield

text: triumph

text: Arsenal

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: final

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: year

text: in

text: a

text: row

text: thrashing

text: Aston

text: Villa

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: and

text: becoming

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: club

text: in

text: the

text: tournament

text: 's

text: history

text: with

text: titles

text: On

text: August

text: Arsenal

text: beat

text: Chelsea

text: at

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: to

text: retain

text: the

text: Community

text: Shield

text: and

text: earn

text: their

text: Community

text: Shield

text: title

question: What famous team defeated Arsenal for the League Cup in 2007?

answer: Chelsea

text: Chelsea

question: Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup>

answer: Birmingham City

text: Birmingham City

question: How many wins did Arsenal have to make the team the most successful in FA Cup history?

answer: 12

question: What team did Arsenal defeat at Wembley in 2015?

answer: Chelsea

text: Chelsea

question: How Community Shield titles does Arsenal have?

answer: 14

question: Who did Arsenal win the 2005 FA Cup over?

text: Chelsea

question: Who did Arsenal beat to win their first trophy in three months?

text: Hull City

question: In what stadium does Hull City play?

text: Wembley Stadium

question: In what stadium was the 2014 FA Cup Final played?

text: Wembley Stadium

question: How many tournament titles does Aston Villa have?


text: The evolution of the Greek economy during the 19th century (a period that transformed a large part of the world because of the Industrial Revolution) has been little researched. Recent research from 2006 examines the gradual development of industry and further development of shipping in a predominantly agricultural economy, calculating an average rate of per capita GDP growth between 1833 and 1911 that was only slightly lower than that of the other Western European nations. Industrial activity, (including heavy industry like shipbuilding) was evident, mainly in Ermoupolis and Piraeus. Nonetheless, Greece faced economic hardships and defaulted on its external loans in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: The

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: economy

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: period

text: that

text: transformed

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: has

text: been

text: little

text: researched

text: Recent

text: research

text: from

text: examines

text: the

text: gradual

text: development

text: of

text: industry

text: and

text: further

text: development

text: of

text: shipping

text: in

text: a

text: predominantly

text: agricultural

text: economy

text: calculating

text: an

text: average

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: capita

text: GDP

text: growth

text: between

text: and

text: that

text: was

text: only

text: slightly

text: lower

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: Western

text: European

text: nations

text: Industrial

text: activity

text: including

text: heavy

text: industry

text: like

text: shipbuilding

text: was

text: evident

text: mainly

text: in

text: Ermoupolis

text: and

text: Piraeus

text: Nonetheless

text: Greece

text: faced

text: economic

text: hardships

text: and

text: defaulted

text: on

text: its

text: external

text: loans

text: in

text: and

question: What transformed a large part of the world in the 19th century?

answer: Industrial Revolution

text: Industrial Revolution

question: What does recent research from 2006 examine?

answer: evolution of the Greek economy

text: evolution of the Greek economy

question: What was Greece's GDP growth between 1833 and 1911 compared other Western European nations?

answer: slightly lower

text: slightly lower

question: What type of industrial activity was evident in Greece in the period researched?

answer: shipbuilding

text: shipbuilding

question: What did Greece do in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894?

answer: defaulted on its external loans

text: defaulted on its external loans

question: What paralyzed a large part of the world in the 18th century?

text: Industrial Revolution

question: What does recent research from 2006 avoid?

text: evolution of the Greek economy

question: What was Greece's GDP decline between 1833 and 1911 compared with other Western European nations?

text: slightly lower

question: What type of industrial activity was unknown in Greece in the period researched?

text: shipbuilding

question: What did Greece avoid in 1826, 1843, 1860 and 1894?

text: defaulted on its external loans