text: Holy Roman Empire central power had begun to decline following years of imperial adventures in Italian lands, often ceding hegemony in Western Europe to France, which had long since centralized power. France began an aggressive policy of expanding eastward, first to the rivers Rhône and Meuse, and when those borders were reached, aiming for the Rhine. In 1299, the French proposed a marriage alliance between Philip IV of France's sister Blanche and Albert I of Germany's son Rudolf, with Alsace to be the dowry; however, the deal never came off. In 1307, the town of Belfort was first chartered by the Counts of Montbéliard. During the next century, France was to be militarily shattered by the Hundred Years' War, which prevented for a time any further tendencies in this direction. After the conclusion of the war, France was again free to pursue its desire to reach the Rhine and in 1444 a French army appeared in Lorraine and Alsace. It took up winter quarters, demanded the submission of Metz and Strasbourg and launched an attack on Basel.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: central

text: power

text: had

text: begun

text: to

text: decline

text: following

text: years

text: of

text: imperial

text: adventures

text: in

text: Italian

text: lands

text: often

text: ceding

text: hegemony

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: to

text: France

text: which

text: had

text: long

text: since

text: centralized

text: power

text: France

text: began

text: an

text: aggressive

text: policy

text: of

text: expanding

text: eastward

text: first

text: to

text: the

text: rivers

text: Rhône

text: and

text: Meuse

text: and

text: when

text: those

text: borders

text: were

text: reached

text: aiming

text: for

text: the

text: Rhine

text: In

text: the

text: French

text: proposed

text: a

text: marriage

text: alliance

text: between

text: Philip

text: IV

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: sister

text: Blanche

text: and

text: Albert

text: I

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: son

text: Rudolf

text: with

text: Alsace

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: dowry

text: however

text: the

text: deal

text: never

text: came

text: off

text: In

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Belfort

text: was

text: first

text: chartered

text: by

text: the

text: Counts

text: of

text: Montbéliard

text: During

text: the

text: next

text: century

text: France

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: militarily

text: shattered

text: by

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: which

text: prevented

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: any

text: further

text: tendencies

text: in

text: this

text: direction

text: After

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: France

text: was

text: again

text: free

text: to

text: pursue

text: its

text: desire

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: Rhine

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: French

text: army

text: appeared

text: in

text: Lorraine

text: and

text: Alsace

text: It

text: took

text: up

text: winter

text: quarters

text: demanded

text: the

text: submission

text: of

text: Metz

text: and

text: Strasbourg

text: and

text: launched

text: an

text: attack

text: on

text: Basel

question: What were the names of the first two rivers France aggressively went to while expanding eastward?

answer: Rhône and Meuse

text: Rhône and Meuse

question: The French proposed a marriage between which two people?

answer: Blanche and Albert

text: Blanche and Albert

question: What was the name of the period when France was crushed military?

answer: the Hundred Years' War

text: the Hundred Years' War

question: In what year did the French reach Alsace?

answer: 1444

question: Who was Western Europe giving up their land to?

text: Holy Roman Empire

question: What rivers did Italy reach first?

text: Rhône and Meuse

question: Who was successfully wed in 1299?

question: When was Alsace charted by the Counts?

question: When did the French reach the Rhine?


text: However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996 and in 2014 Steve Daines won one of the state's Senate seats for the GOP. The Legislative branch had split party control between the house and senate most years between 2004 and 2010, when the mid-term elections returned both branches to Republican control. The state Senate is, as of 2015, controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21, and the State House of Representatives at 59 to 41.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: However

text: at

text: the

text: state

text: level

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: split

text: ticket

text: voting

text: and

text: divided

text: government

text: holds

text: Democrats

text: currently

text: hold

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: seats

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: four

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: statewide

text: offices

text: Governor

text: Superintendent

text: of

text: Public

text: Instruction

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: and

text: State

text: Auditor

text: The

text: lone

text: congressional

text: district

text: has

text: been

text: Republican

text: since

text: and

text: in

text: Steve

text: Daines

text: won

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: Senate

text: seats

text: for

text: the

text: GOP

text: The

text: Legislative

text: branch

text: had

text: split

text: party

text: control

text: between

text: the

text: house

text: and

text: senate

text: most

text: years

text: between

text: and

text: when

text: the

text: mid

text: term

text: elections

text: returned

text: both

text: branches

text: to

text: Republican

text: control

text: The

text: state

text: Senate

text: is

text: as

text: of

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Republicans

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: State

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: at

text: to

question: How many seats do Democrats hold in the state US Senate's seats?

answer: one

text: one

question: How long has the single congressional district been Republican?

answer: 1996

question: What is the split in the state Senate controller by the Republicans?

answer: 29 to 21

text: 29 to 21

question: What is the split in the State House of Representatives?

answer: 59 to 41.

text: 59 to 41.


text: The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where they are from, are referred to as Zang (Chinese: 藏; pinyin: Zàng) although the geographical term Xīzàng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region. The term Xīzàng was coined during the Qing dynasty in the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (1796–1820) through the addition of a prefix meaning "west" (西 xī) to Zang.

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: modern

text: Standard

text: Chinese

text: exonym

text: for

text: the

text: ethnic

text: Tibetan

text: region

text: is

text: Zangqu

text: Chinese

text: 藏区

text: pinyin

text: Zàngqū

text: which

text: derives

text: by

text: metonymy

text: from

text: the

text: Tsang

text: region

text: around

text: Shigatse

text: plus

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: Chinese

text: suffix

text: 区

text: qū

text: which

text: means

text: area

text: district

text: region

text: ward

text: Tibetan

text: people

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: regardless

text: of

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: from

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Zang

text: Chinese

text: 藏

text: pinyin

text: Zàng

text: although

text: the

text: geographical

text: term

text: Xīzàng

text: is

text: often

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: The

text: term

text: Xīzàng

text: was

text: coined

text: during

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Jiaqing

text: Emperor

text: through

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: prefix

text: meaning

text: west

text: 西

text: xī

text: to

text: Zang

question: How is the ethnic Tibetan region referred to as a modern Standard Chinese exonym?

answer: Zangqu

text: Zangqu

question: How do the Chinese refer to Tibetan people, language, and culture?

answer: Zang

text: Zang

question: During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used?

answer: Qing

text: Qing

question: Which Chinese suffix means "area, district, region, ward"?

answer: qū

text: qū

question: What is the Tsang exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region?

text: Zangqu

question: What does the Chinese suffix uq mean?

text: area, district, region, ward

question: What does the prefix ix mean?

text: "west"

question: What people, language and culture is the term Jiaqing referring to?

text: Tibetan

question: How long did the Qing dynasty last for?


text: In some countries, YouTube is completely blocked, either through a long term standing ban or for more limited periods of time such as during periods of unrest, the run-up to an election, or in response to upcoming political anniversaries. In other countries access to the website as a whole remains open, but access to specific videos is blocked. In cases where the entire site is banned due to one particular video, YouTube will often agree to remove or limit access to that video in order to restore service.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: YouTube

text: is

text: completely

text: blocked

text: either

text: through

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: standing

text: ban

text: or

text: for

text: more

text: limited

text: periods

text: of

text: time

text: such

text: as

text: during

text: periods

text: of

text: unrest

text: the

text: run

text: up

text: to

text: an

text: election

text: or

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: upcoming

text: political

text: anniversaries

text: In

text: other

text: countries

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: website

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: remains

text: open

text: but

text: access

text: to

text: specific

text: videos

text: is

text: blocked

text: In

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: entire

text: site

text: is

text: banned

text: due

text: to

text: one

text: particular

text: video

text: YouTube

text: will

text: often

text: agree

text: to

text: remove

text: or

text: limit

text: access

text: to

text: that

text: video

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: restore

text: service

question: youtube is completely what in some places?

answer: blocked

text: blocked

question: Why besides limited periods of time would youtube not be allowed in a country?

answer: long term standing ban

text: long term standing ban

question: What might happen in a restrictive state even if you do have access to the youtube site itself?

answer: specific videos is blocked

text: specific videos is blocked

question: Why was YouTube completely blocked in all countries?

question: What does YouTube do when a video is banned in all countries?

question: What does YouTube do when the entire is site is blocked in all countries because of one video?


text: TCM regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year on Wednesdays starting at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, in which most, if not all, feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night's schedule. Hosted by Robert Osbourne, the network also marks the occurrence of a film actor's birthday (either antemortem or posthumously) or recent death with day- or evening-long festivals showcasting several of that artist's best, earliest or least-known pictures; by effect, marathons scheduled in honor of an actor's passing (which are scheduled within a month after their death) pre-empt films originally scheduled to air on that date. TCM also features a monthly program block called the "TCM Guest Programmer", in which Osborne is joined by celebrity guests responsible for choosing that evening's films (examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer); an offshoot of this block featuring Turner Classic Movies employees aired during February 2011.

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: TCM

text: regularly

text: airs

text: a

text: Star

text: of

text: the

text: Month

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: on

text: Wednesdays

text: starting

text: at

text: p.m.

text: Eastern

text: Time

text: in

text: which

text: most

text: if

text: not

text: all

text: feature

text: films

text: from

text: a

text: classic

text: film

text: star

text: are

text: shown

text: during

text: that

text: night

text: 's

text: schedule

text: Hosted

text: by

text: Robert

text: Osbourne

text: the

text: network

text: also

text: marks

text: the

text: occurrence

text: of

text: a

text: film

text: actor

text: 's

text: birthday

text: either

text: antemortem

text: or

text: posthumously

text: or

text: recent

text: death

text: with

text: day-

text: or

text: evening

text: long

text: festivals

text: showcasting

text: several

text: of

text: that

text: artist

text: 's

text: best

text: earliest

text: or

text: least

text: known

text: pictures

text: by

text: effect

text: marathons

text: scheduled

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: an

text: actor

text: 's

text: passing

text: which

text: are

text: scheduled

text: within

text: a

text: month

text: after

text: their

text: death

text: pre

text: empt

text: films

text: originally

text: scheduled

text: to

text: air

text: on

text: that

text: date

text: TCM

text: also

text: features

text: a

text: monthly

text: program

text: block

text: called

text: the

text: TCM

text: Guest

text: Programmer

text: in

text: which

text: Osborne

text: is

text: joined

text: by

text: celebrity

text: guests

text: responsible

text: for

text: choosing

text: that

text: evening

text: 's

text: films

text: examples

text: of

text: such

text: programmers

text: during

text: include

text: Jules

text: Feiffer

text: Anthony

text: Bourdain

text: Debra

text: Winger

text: Ellen

text: Barkin

text: Spike

text: Lee

text: Regis

text: Philbin

text: and

text: Jim

text: Lehrer

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: this

text: block

text: featuring

text: Turner

text: Classic

text: Movies

text: employees

text: aired

text: during

text: February

question: On what day of the week are Star of the Month films aired?

answer: Wednesdays

text: Wednesdays

question: Who hosts the Star of the Month films?

answer: Robert Osbourne

text: Robert Osbourne

question: During what month and year did TCM Guest Programmer feature TCM employees as guests?

answer: February 2011

text: February 2011

question: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a TCM Guest Programmer?

answer: 2012

question: On what day of the week are Star of the Year films aired?

text: Wednesdays

question: Who hosts the Star of the Year films?

text: Robert Osbourne

question: During what month and year did Lehrer Guest Programmer feature Lehrer employees as guests?

text: February 2011

question: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a Lehrer Guest Programmer?

question: What time does "Stars of the Year" air?

text: 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time


text: Beginning as a self-help program in the mid-1960s, the Cotton Research and Promotion Program (CRPP) was organized by U.S. cotton producers in response to cotton's steady decline in market share. At that time, producers voted to set up a per-bale assessment system to fund the program, with built-in safeguards to protect their investments. With the passage of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act of 1966, the program joined forces and began battling synthetic competitors and re-establishing markets for cotton. Today, the success of this program has made cotton the best-selling fiber in the U.S. and one of the best-selling fibers in the world.[citation needed]

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Beginning

text: as

text: a

text: self

text: help

text: program

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: Cotton

text: Research

text: and

text: Promotion

text: Program

text: CRPP

text: was

text: organized

text: by

text: U.S.

text: cotton

text: producers

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: cotton

text: 's

text: steady

text: decline

text: in

text: market

text: share

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: producers

text: voted

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: per

text: bale

text: assessment

text: system

text: to

text: fund

text: the

text: program

text: with

text: built

text: in

text: safeguards

text: to

text: protect

text: their

text: investments

text: With

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Cotton

text: Research

text: and

text: Promotion

text: Act

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: joined

text: forces

text: and

text: began

text: battling

text: synthetic

text: competitors

text: and

text: re

text: establishing

text: markets

text: for

text: cotton

text: Today

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: this

text: program

text: has

text: made

text: cotton

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: fiber

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: fibers

text: in

text: the

text: world.[citation

text: needed

question: What prompted a help program produced by cotton producers in the 1960s?

answer: decline in market share

text: decline in market share

question: What law was passed in 1966 to aid cotton producers?

answer: Cotton Research and Promotion Act

text: Cotton Research and Promotion Act

question: What type of competitors does the 1966 act help combat?

answer: synthetic competitors

text: synthetic competitors

question: Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made cotton the best selling fiber?

answer: U.S.

text: U.S.

question: What did producers of cotton have to re-establish after the market declined?

answer: markets for cotton

text: markets for cotton

question: What prompted a help program produced by investments in the 1960s?

text: decline in market share

question: What law was passed in 1966 to aid investments?

text: Cotton Research and Promotion Act

question: What type of competitors does the 1966 act help?

text: synthetic competitors

question: Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made synthetics the best selling fiber?

text: U.S.

question: What did producers of synthetics have to re-establish after the market declined?

text: markets for cotton


text: This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: This

text: monthly

text: magazine

text: is

text: sold

text: separately

text: from

text: the

text: newspaper

text: of

text: record

text: and

text: is

text: Britain

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: travel

text: magazine

text: The

text: first

text: issue

text: of

text: The

text: Sunday

text: Times

text: Travel

text: Magazine

text: was

text: in

text: and

text: it

text: includes

text: news

text: features

text: and

text: insider

text: guides

question: What is the name of the travel magazine sold by The Times?

answer: Sunday Times Travel Magazine

text: Sunday Times Travel Magazine

question: In what year was The Times' travel magazine first sold?

answer: 2003

question: How many pages is The Times' travel magazine?

answer: 164

question: What is the name of Britain's best-selling travel magazine?

answer: Sunday Times Travel Magazine

text: Sunday Times Travel Magazine


text: Ottoman Turkish was the official language of the Empire. It was an Oghuz Turkic language highly influenced by Persian and Arabic. The Ottomans had several influential languages: Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania and Bosnia; Persian, only spoken by the educated; Arabic, spoken mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant and parts of the Horn of Africa; and Somali throughout the Horn of Africa. In the last two centuries, usage of these became limited, though, and specific: Persian served mainly as a literary language for the educated, while Arabic was used for religious rites.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: Ottoman

text: Turkish

text: was

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: Oghuz

text: Turkic

text: language

text: highly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Persian

text: and

text: Arabic

text: The

text: Ottomans

text: had

text: several

text: influential

text: languages

text: Turkish

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Muslims

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: except

text: in

text: Albania

text: and

text: Bosnia

text: Persian

text: only

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: educated

text: Arabic

text: spoken

text: mainly

text: in

text: Arabia

text: North

text: Africa

text: Iraq

text: Kuwait

text: the

text: Levant

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: Somali

text: throughout

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: centuries

text: usage

text: of

text: these

text: became

text: limited

text: though

text: and

text: specific

text: Persian

text: served

text: mainly

text: as

text: a

text: literary

text: language

text: for

text: the

text: educated

text: while

text: Arabic

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: religious

text: rites

question: What was the official language of the Ottoman Empire?

answer: Ottoman Turkish

text: Ottoman Turkish

question: What were the main influences of the official language of the Empire?

answer: Persian and Arabic

text: Persian and Arabic

question: What language was spoken by most people in Anatolia?

answer: Turkish

text: Turkish

question: Which languages influenced by the empire was spoken in Iraq?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: What language was used for religious uses in the Empire?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic


text: Burke was not merely presenting a peace agreement to Parliament; rather, he stepped forward with four reasons against using force, carefully reasoned. He laid out his objections in an orderly manner, focusing on one before moving to the next. His first concern was that the use of force would have to be temporary, and that the uprisings and objections to British governance in America would not be. Second, Burke worried about the uncertainty surrounding whether Britain would win a conflict in America. "An armament", Burke said, "is not a victory". Third, Burke brought up the issue of impairment; it would do the British Government no good to engage in a scorched earth war and have the object they desired (America) become damaged or even useless. The American colonists could always retreat into the mountains, but the land they left behind would most likely be unusable, whether by accident or design. The fourth and final reason to avoid the use of force was experience; the British had never attempted to rein in an unruly colony by force, and they did not know if it could be done, let alone accomplished thousands of miles away from home. Not only were all of these concerns reasonable, but some turned out to be prophetic – the American colonists did not surrender, even when things looked extremely bleak, and the British were ultimately unsuccessful in their attempts to win a war fought on American soil.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Burke

text: was

text: not

text: merely

text: presenting

text: a

text: peace

text: agreement

text: to

text: Parliament

text: rather

text: he

text: stepped

text: forward

text: with

text: four

text: reasons

text: against

text: using

text: force

text: carefully

text: reasoned

text: He

text: laid

text: out

text: his

text: objections

text: in

text: an

text: orderly

text: manner

text: focusing

text: on

text: one

text: before

text: moving

text: to

text: the

text: next

text: His

text: first

text: concern

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: temporary

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: uprisings

text: and

text: objections

text: to

text: British

text: governance

text: in

text: America

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: Second

text: Burke

text: worried

text: about

text: the

text: uncertainty

text: surrounding

text: whether

text: Britain

text: would

text: win

text: a

text: conflict

text: in

text: America

text: An

text: armament

text: Burke

text: said

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: victory

text: Third

text: Burke

text: brought

text: up

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: impairment

text: it

text: would

text: do

text: the

text: British

text: Government

text: no

text: good

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: a

text: scorched

text: earth

text: war

text: and

text: have

text: the

text: object

text: they

text: desired

text: America

text: become

text: damaged

text: or

text: even

text: useless

text: The

text: American

text: colonists

text: could

text: always

text: retreat

text: into

text: the

text: mountains

text: but

text: the

text: land

text: they

text: left

text: behind

text: would

text: most

text: likely

text: be

text: unusable

text: whether

text: by

text: accident

text: or

text: design

text: The

text: fourth

text: and

text: final

text: reason

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: was

text: experience

text: the

text: British

text: had

text: never

text: attempted

text: to

text: rein

text: in

text: an

text: unruly

text: colony

text: by

text: force

text: and

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: know

text: if

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: done

text: let

text: alone

text: accomplished

text: thousands

text: of

text: miles

text: away

text: from

text: home

text: Not

text: only

text: were

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: concerns

text: reasonable

text: but

text: some

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: prophetic

text: the

text: American

text: colonists

text: did

text: not

text: surrender

text: even

text: when

text: things

text: looked

text: extremely

text: bleak

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: ultimately

text: unsuccessful

text: in

text: their

text: attempts

text: to

text: win

text: a

text: war

text: fought

text: on

text: American

text: soil

question: Where was Burke worried Britain might not win a war?

answer: America

text: America

question: How many reasons against violence did Burke present?

answer: four

text: four

question: How far away was the potential conflict Burke argued against?

answer: thousands of miles

text: thousands of miles

question: What area could the American colonists retreat to?

answer: the mountains

text: the mountains

question: Who did Burke think Britain could beat at war?

text: America

question: What did Burke say was a victory?

text: armament

question: How many reasons in favor of the use of force did Burke present?

text: four

question: What type of war did Burke endorse for the government?

text: scorched earth war

question: What geographical feature would prevent the Americans from retreating?

text: mountains


text: As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: private

text: households

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: and

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: persons

text: per

text: household

text: There

text: were

text: households

text: that

text: consist

text: of

text: only

text: one

text: person

text: and

text: households

text: with

text: five

text: or

text: more

text: people

text: In

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: apartments

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: were

text: permanently

text: occupied

text: while

text: apartments

text: were

text: seasonally

text: occupied

text: and

text: apartments

text: were

text: empty

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: construction

text: rate

text: of

text: new

text: housing

text: units

text: was

text: new

text: units

text: per

text: residents

question: What is the average of people per household in Bern?

answer: 1.8 persons

text: 1.8 persons

question: How many households have 5 or more people living in them?

answer: 1,592

question: What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000?

answer: 90.6%

question: What percent of apartments are seasonal apartments?

answer: 7.4%


text: Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given title to one of these deaconries.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: Cardinal

text: deacons

text: derive

text: originally

text: from

text: the

text: seven

text: deacons

text: in

text: the

text: Papal

text: Household

text: and

text: the

text: seven

text: deacons

text: who

text: supervised

text: the

text: Church

text: 's

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: districts

text: of

text: Rome

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: when

text: church

text: administration

text: was

text: effectively

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: provided

text: all

text: social

text: services

text: Cardinal

text: deacons

text: are

text: given

text: title

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: deaconries

question: What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from?

answer: seven deacons in the Papal Household

text: seven deacons in the Papal Household

question: Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from?

question: Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household?

text: Cardinal deacons

question: Who does not supervise the Church's works in the districts of Rome?

text: the seven deacons

question: Who did not provide all social services in Rome during the early Middle Ages?

text: church administration

question: Who is not given title to one of these seven deacons?

text: Cardinal deacons


text: In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder. This common conception of communication simply views communication as a means of sending and receiving information. The strengths of this model are simplicity, generality, and quantifiability. Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver structured this model based on the following elements:

title: Communication

title: Communication

text: In

text: a

text: simple

text: model

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: transmission

text: model

text: or

text: standard

text: view

text: of

text: communication

text: information

text: or

text: content

text: e.g.

text: a

text: message

text: in

text: natural

text: language

text: is

text: sent

text: in

text: some

text: form

text: as

text: spoken

text: language

text: from

text: an

text: emisor/

text: sender/

text: encoder

text: to

text: a

text: destination/

text: receiver/

text: decoder

text: This

text: common

text: conception

text: of

text: communication

text: simply

text: views

text: communication

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: sending

text: and

text: receiving

text: information

text: The

text: strengths

text: of

text: this

text: model

text: are

text: simplicity

text: generality

text: and

text: quantifiability

text: Claude

text: Shannon

text: and

text: Warren

text: Weaver

text: structured

text: this

text: model

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: following

text: elements

question: A simple model is also referred to as what?

answer: transmission model

text: transmission model

question: What kind of message is sent in a simple model?

answer: a message in natural language

text: a message in natural language

question: In what form is the information or content sent in a simple model?

answer: spoken language

text: spoken language

question: How is information sent through a simple model?

answer: from an emisor/ sender/ encoder

text: from an emisor/ sender/ encoder

question: What are the strengths of the simple model?

answer: simplicity, generality, and quantifiability

text: simplicity, generality, and quantifiability

question: What are the weaknesses of this model?

question: Claude Weaver did what based on those elements?

text: structured this model

question: A complex model is a message sent from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a what?

text: destination/ receiver/ decoder

question: What type of message is sent in a complex model?

text: natural language

question: Who invented this model?

text: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver


text: His primary duty was planning for the next war, which proved most difficult in the midst of the Great Depression. He then was posted as chief military aide to General MacArthur, Army Chief of Staff. In 1932, he participated in the clearing of the Bonus March encampment in Washington, D.C. Although he was against the actions taken against the veterans and strongly advised MacArthur against taking a public role in it, he later wrote the Army's official incident report, endorsing MacArthur's conduct.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: His

text: primary

text: duty

text: was

text: planning

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: war

text: which

text: proved

text: most

text: difficult

text: in

text: the

text: midst

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: He

text: then

text: was

text: posted

text: as

text: chief

text: military

text: aide

text: to

text: General

text: MacArthur

text: Army

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: In

text: he

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: clearing

text: of

text: the

text: Bonus

text: March

text: encampment

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Although

text: he

text: was

text: against

text: the

text: actions

text: taken

text: against

text: the

text: veterans

text: and

text: strongly

text: advised

text: MacArthur

text: against

text: taking

text: a

text: public

text: role

text: in

text: it

text: he

text: later

text: wrote

text: the

text: Army

text: 's

text: official

text: incident

text: report

text: endorsing

text: MacArthur

text: 's

text: conduct

question: What event made war planning difficult in this period?

answer: Great Depression

text: Great Depression

question: What position was held by General MacArthur at this point in time?

answer: Army Chief of Staff

text: Army Chief of Staff

question: What encampment was attacked in 1932 by soldiers including Eisenhower?

answer: Bonus March

text: Bonus March

question: What sort of people did the Bonus March consist of?

answer: veterans

text: veterans


text: In an attempt to gain increased support from Polish nationalists and patriots, Napoleon termed the war the Second Polish War—the First Polish War had been the Bar Confederation uprising by Polish nobles against Russia in 1768. Polish patriots wanted the Russian part of Poland to be joined with the Duchy of Warsaw and an independent Poland created. This was rejected by Napoleon, who stated he had promised his ally Austria this would not happen. Napoleon refused to manumit the Russian serfs because of concerns this might provoke a reaction in his army's rear. The serfs later committed atrocities against French soldiers during France's retreat.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: gain

text: increased

text: support

text: from

text: Polish

text: nationalists

text: and

text: patriots

text: Napoleon

text: termed

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: Second

text: Polish

text: War

text: the

text: First

text: Polish

text: War

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: Bar

text: Confederation

text: uprising

text: by

text: Polish

text: nobles

text: against

text: Russia

text: in

text: Polish

text: patriots

text: wanted

text: the

text: Russian

text: part

text: of

text: Poland

text: to

text: be

text: joined

text: with

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Warsaw

text: and

text: an

text: independent

text: Poland

text: created

text: This

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: who

text: stated

text: he

text: had

text: promised

text: his

text: ally

text: Austria

text: this

text: would

text: not

text: happen

text: Napoleon

text: refused

text: to

text: manumit

text: the

text: Russian

text: serfs

text: because

text: of

text: concerns

text: this

text: might

text: provoke

text: a

text: reaction

text: in

text: his

text: army

text: 's

text: rear

text: The

text: serfs

text: later

text: committed

text: atrocities

text: against

text: French

text: soldiers

text: during

text: France

text: 's

text: retreat

question: What did Napoleon name the war with Russia in an effort to garner support from Poland?

answer: the Second Polish War

text: the Second Polish War

question: What was the name of the 1768 war that involved the Bar Confederation uprising against Russia?

answer: the First Polish War

text: the First Polish War

question: Polish nationalists wanted Russian territories in Poland to be joined with which national entity?

answer: the Duchy of Warsaw

text: the Duchy of Warsaw

question: Napoleon rejected Polish demands for an independent state because of prior promises to which ally?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: During France's retreat, atrocities were committed against French soldiers by which Russian subjects?

answer: serfs

text: serfs


text: In October 2008, Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans VooDoo were ceasing operations and folding "based on circumstances currently affecting the league and the team". Shortly thereafter, an article in Sports Business Journal announced that the AFL had a tentative agreement to sell a $100 million stake in the league to Platinum Equity; in exchange, Platinum Equity would create a centralized, single-entity business model that would streamline league and team operations and allow the league to be more profitable. Benson's move to shut down the VooDoo came during the Platinum Equity conference call, leading to speculation that he had folded because of the deal.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: In

text: October

text: Tom

text: Benson

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: VooDoo

text: were

text: ceasing

text: operations

text: and

text: folding

text: based

text: on

text: circumstances

text: currently

text: affecting

text: the

text: league

text: and

text: the

text: team

text: Shortly

text: thereafter

text: an

text: article

text: in

text: Sports

text: Business

text: Journal

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: AFL

text: had

text: a

text: tentative

text: agreement

text: to

text: sell

text: a

text: million

text: stake

text: in

text: the

text: league

text: to

text: Platinum

text: Equity

text: in

text: exchange

text: Platinum

text: Equity

text: would

text: create

text: a

text: centralized

text: single

text: entity

text: business

text: model

text: that

text: would

text: streamline

text: league

text: and

text: team

text: operations

text: and

text: allow

text: the

text: league

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: profitable

text: Benson

text: 's

text: move

text: to

text: shut

text: down

text: the

text: VooDoo

text: came

text: during

text: the

text: Platinum

text: Equity

text: conference

text: call

text: leading

text: to

text: speculation

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: folded

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: deal

question: What team shut down in October 2008?

answer: New Orleans VooDoo

text: New Orleans VooDoo

question: Who made the announcement that the VooDoo were shutting down?

answer: Tom Benson

text: Tom Benson

question: What business wanted to buy a stake in the AFL?

answer: Platinum Equity

text: Platinum Equity

question: How large a stake did Platinum Equity want to buy in the AFL?

answer: $100 million

text: $100 million

question: What publication announced the Platinum Equity business deal?

answer: Sports Business Journal

text: Sports Business Journal


text: Predatory lending refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders, enticing borrowers to enter into "unsafe" or "unsound" secured loans for inappropriate purposes. A classic bait-and-switch method was used by Countrywide Financial, advertising low interest rates for home refinancing. Such loans were written into extensively detailed contracts, and swapped for more expensive loan products on the day of closing. Whereas the advertisement might state that 1% or 1.5% interest would be charged, the consumer would be put into an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) in which the interest charged would be greater than the amount of interest paid. This created negative amortization, which the credit consumer might not notice until long after the loan transaction had been consummated.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Predatory

text: lending

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: unscrupulous

text: lenders

text: enticing

text: borrowers

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: unsafe

text: or

text: unsound

text: secured

text: loans

text: for

text: inappropriate

text: purposes

text: A

text: classic

text: bait

text: and

text: switch

text: method

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: Countrywide

text: Financial

text: advertising

text: low

text: interest

text: rates

text: for

text: home

text: refinancing

text: Such

text: loans

text: were

text: written

text: into

text: extensively

text: detailed

text: contracts

text: and

text: swapped

text: for

text: more

text: expensive

text: loan

text: products

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: closing

text: Whereas

text: the

text: advertisement

text: might

text: state

text: that

text: or

text: interest

text: would

text: be

text: charged

text: the

text: consumer

text: would

text: be

text: put

text: into

text: an

text: adjustable

text: rate

text: mortgage

text: ARM

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: interest

text: charged

text: would

text: be

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: interest

text: paid

text: This

text: created

text: negative

text: amortization

text: which

text: the

text: credit

text: consumer

text: might

text: not

text: notice

text: until

text: long

text: after

text: the

text: loan

text: transaction

text: had

text: been

text: consummated

question: What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans?

answer: Predatory lending

text: Predatory lending

question: What company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates?

answer: Countrywide Financial

text: Countrywide Financial

question: Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised?

answer: adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)

text: adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)

question: What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid?

answer: negative amortization

text: negative amortization

question: What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use?

answer: classic bait-and-switch

text: classic bait-and-switch


text: During Vatican II, the Council Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths.[page needed] Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[d]

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: During

text: Vatican

text: II

text: the

text: Council

text: Fathers

text: avoided

text: statements

text: which

text: might

text: anger

text: Christians

text: of

text: other

text: faiths.[page

text: needed

text: Cardinal

text: Augustin

text: Bea

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Unity

text: Secretariat

text: always

text: had

text: the

text: full

text: support

text: of

text: Paul

text: VI

text: in

text: his

text: attempts

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: Council

text: language

text: was

text: friendly

text: and

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: sensitivities

text: of

text: Protestant

text: and

text: Orthodox

text: Churches

text: whom

text: he

text: had

text: invited

text: to

text: all

text: sessions

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: Bea

text: also

text: was

text: strongly

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: Nostra

text: aetate

text: which

text: regulates

text: the

text: Church

text: 's

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: Jewish

text: faith

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: religions.[d

question: Who was President of the Christian Unity Secretariat?

answer: Cardinal Augustin Bea

text: Cardinal Augustin Bea

question: What did Paul VI believe in keeping friendly to people of other Christian faiths?

answer: Council language

text: Council language

question: Who insisted that Protestant and Orthodox Christians be invited to all Counsel meetings?

answer: Pope John XXIII

text: Pope John XXIII

question: Which cardinal became heavily engaged in the passage of Nostra aetate?

answer: Cardinal Augustin Bea

text: Cardinal Augustin Bea

question: Which Vatican strove to avoid offending other Christian faiths with counsel session language?

answer: Vatican II

text: Vatican II


text: In modular arithmetic, two integers are added and then the sum is divided by a positive integer called the modulus. The result of modular addition is the remainder of that division. For any modulus, n, the set of integers from 0 to n − 1 forms a group under modular addition: the inverse of any element a is n − a, and 0 is the identity element. This is familiar from the addition of hours on the face of a clock: if the hour hand is on 9 and is advanced 4 hours, it ends up on 1, as shown at the right. This is expressed by saying that 9 + 4 equals 1 "modulo 12" or, in symbols,

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: In

text: modular

text: arithmetic

text: two

text: integers

text: are

text: added

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: sum

text: is

text: divided

text: by

text: a

text: positive

text: integer

text: called

text: the

text: modulus

text: The

text: result

text: of

text: modular

text: addition

text: is

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: that

text: division

text: For

text: any

text: modulus

text: n

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: integers

text: from

text: to

text: n

text: forms

text: a

text: group

text: under

text: modular

text: addition

text: the

text: inverse

text: of

text: any

text: element

text: a

text: is

text: n

text: a

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: identity

text: element

text: This

text: is

text: familiar

text: from

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: hours

text: on

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: a

text: clock

text: if

text: the

text: hour

text: hand

text: is

text: on

text: and

text: is

text: advanced

text: hours

text: it

text: ends

text: up

text: on

text: as

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: right

text: This

text: is

text: expressed

text: by

text: saying

text: that

text: equals

text: modulo

text: or

text: in

text: symbols

question: What positive integer is used to divide the sum of two positive integers in modular mathematics?

answer: the modulus

text: the modulus

question: What results from modular addition?

answer: the remainder of that division

text: the remainder of that division

question: What type of device can be use to demonstrate modular addition?

answer: a clock

text: a clock

question: How many integers are divided in modular arithmetic?

text: arithmetic

question: What are the two integers called?

text: the modulus

question: What is the result of the remained of the division?

text: modular addition

question: What is 9 in modular addition?

text: identity element

question: If the hour hand is on 1 and is advanced by 4 hours, where does it end up?


text: In the early 1980s, Downtown Manhattan's no wave scene transitioned from its abrasive origins into a more dance-oriented sound, with compilations such as ZE's Mutant Disco (1981) highlighting a newly playful sensibility borne out of the city's clash of hip hop, disco and punk styles, as well as dub reggae and world music influences. Artists such as Liquid Liquid, the B-52s, Cristina, Arthur Russell, James White and the Blacks and Lizzy Mercier Descloux pursued a formula described by Luc Sante as "anything at all + disco bottom". The decadent parties and art installations of venues such as Club 57 and the Mudd Club became cultural hubs for musicians and visual artists alike, with figures such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring and Michael Holman frequenting the scene. Other no wave-indebted groups such as Swans, Glenn Branca, the Lounge Lizards, Bush Tetras and Sonic Youth instead continued exploring the early scene's forays into noise and more abrasive territory.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Downtown

text: Manhattan

text: 's

text: no

text: wave

text: scene

text: transitioned

text: from

text: its

text: abrasive

text: origins

text: into

text: a

text: more

text: dance

text: oriented

text: sound

text: with

text: compilations

text: such

text: as

text: ZE

text: 's

text: Mutant

text: Disco

text: highlighting

text: a

text: newly

text: playful

text: sensibility

text: borne

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: clash

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: disco

text: and

text: punk

text: styles

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: dub

text: reggae

text: and

text: world

text: music

text: influences

text: Artists

text: such

text: as

text: Liquid

text: Liquid

text: the

text: Cristina

text: Arthur

text: Russell

text: James

text: White

text: and

text: the

text: Blacks

text: and

text: Lizzy

text: Mercier

text: Descloux

text: pursued

text: a

text: formula

text: described

text: by

text: Luc

text: Sante

text: as

text: anything

text: at

text: all

text: disco

text: bottom

text: The

text: decadent

text: parties

text: and

text: art

text: installations

text: of

text: venues

text: such

text: as

text: Club

text: and

text: the

text: Mudd

text: Club

text: became

text: cultural

text: hubs

text: for

text: musicians

text: and

text: visual

text: artists

text: alike

text: with

text: figures

text: such

text: as

text: Jean

text: Michel

text: Basquiat

text: Keith

text: Haring

text: and

text: Michael

text: Holman

text: frequenting

text: the

text: scene

text: Other

text: no

text: wave

text: indebted

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Swans

text: Glenn

text: Branca

text: the

text: Lounge

text: Lizards

text: Bush

text: Tetras

text: and

text: Sonic

text: Youth

text: instead

text: continued

text: exploring

text: the

text: early

text: scene

text: 's

text: forays

text: into

text: noise

text: and

text: more

text: abrasive

text: territory

question: When did Manhattan's no wave scene start becoming more dance-oriented?

answer: early 1980s

text: early 1980s

question: What formula did a lot of the artists emerging from the scene adhere to?

answer: "anything at all + disco bottom"

text: "anything at all + disco bottom"

question: What type of party could be found at venues like Club 57?

answer: decadent

text: decadent

question: Who did the venues because cultural hubs for?

answer: musicians and visual artists alike

text: musicians and visual artists alike

question: What movement was the group the Lounge Lizards indebted to?

answer: no wave

text: no wave

question: What did Downtown Manhattan's no wave scene transition into?

answer: dance-oriented sound

text: dance-oriented sound

question: What type of sound did no wave have before it began to transition to a more dance oriented sound?

answer: abrasive

text: abrasive

question: When was ZE's Mutant Disco released?

answer: 1981

question: What clubs were frequented by artists in the emerging dance scene?

answer: Club 57 and the Mudd Club

text: Club 57 and the Mudd Club

question: When did the no wave scene decide not to transition?

text: In the early 1980s

question: Which venues avoided parties?

text: Club 57 and the Mudd Club

question: Who was rarely on the scene?

question: What groups were not influenced by no wave?

question: What groups enjoyed calm territory?


text: On 10 May 1963, John XXIII received the Balzan Prize in private at the Vatican but deflected achievements of himself to the five popes of his lifetime, Pope Leo XIII to Pius XII. On 11 May, the Italian President Antonio Segni officially awarded Pope John XXIII with the Balzan Prize for his engagement for peace. While in the car en route to the official ceremony, he suffered great stomach pains but insisted on meeting with Segni to receive the award in the Quirinal Palace, refusing to do so within the Vatican. He stated that it would have been an insult to honour a pontiff on the remains of the crucified Saint Peter. It was the pope's last public appearance.

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: On

text: May

text: John

text: XXIII

text: received

text: the

text: Balzan

text: Prize

text: in

text: private

text: at

text: the

text: Vatican

text: but

text: deflected

text: achievements

text: of

text: himself

text: to

text: the

text: five

text: popes

text: of

text: his

text: lifetime

text: Pope

text: Leo

text: XIII

text: to

text: Pius

text: XII

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: Italian

text: President

text: Antonio

text: Segni

text: officially

text: awarded

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: with

text: the

text: Balzan

text: Prize

text: for

text: his

text: engagement

text: for

text: peace

text: While

text: in

text: the

text: car

text: en

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: official

text: ceremony

text: he

text: suffered

text: great

text: stomach

text: pains

text: but

text: insisted

text: on

text: meeting

text: with

text: Segni

text: to

text: receive

text: the

text: award

text: in

text: the

text: Quirinal

text: Palace

text: refusing

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: within

text: the

text: Vatican

text: He

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: an

text: insult

text: to

text: honour

text: a

text: pontiff

text: on

text: the

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: crucified

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: pope

text: 's

text: last

text: public

text: appearance

question: John XXIII received what prize on 10 May 1963?

answer: Balzan Prize

text: Balzan Prize

question: When did John XXIII receive the Balzan Prize?

answer: 10 May 1963

text: 10 May 1963

question: Who officially awarded the pope the Balzan Prize?

answer: Italian President Antonio Segni

text: Italian President Antonio Segni

question: Where did he receive the Balzan Prize?

answer: the Quirinal Palace

text: the Quirinal Palace

question: What award was given to Pope Pius XII on May 10, 1963?

text: the Balzan Prize

question: Where was Pope Pius XII given the Balzan Prize on May 10, 1963?

text: in private at the Vatican

question: How did Pope Pius XII feel about receiving the award?

question: When was Pope Pius XII officially awarded the Balzan Prize by the Italian President?

text: On 11 May

question: What was Pope Pius XII suffering from on the way to meet the President of Italy?

text: great stomach pains


text: Over time, Roman architecture was modified as their urban requirements changed, and the civil engineering and building construction technology became developed and refined. The Roman concrete has remained a riddle, and even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently. The architectural style of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers under Roman control and influence. Roman cities were well planned, efficiently managed and neatly maintained.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Over

text: time

text: Roman

text: architecture

text: was

text: modified

text: as

text: their

text: urban

text: requirements

text: changed

text: and

text: the

text: civil

text: engineering

text: and

text: building

text: construction

text: technology

text: became

text: developed

text: and

text: refined

text: The

text: Roman

text: concrete

text: has

text: remained

text: a

text: riddle

text: and

text: even

text: after

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: some

text: Roman

text: structures

text: still

text: stand

text: magnificently

text: The

text: architectural

text: style

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: emulated

text: by

text: other

text: urban

text: centers

text: under

text: Roman

text: control

text: and

text: influence

text: Roman

text: cities

text: were

text: well

text: planned

text: efficiently

text: managed

text: and

text: neatly

text: maintained.[citation

text: needed

question: What was a primary cause of the modification of Roman architectural elements?

answer: urban requirements changed

text: urban requirements changed

question: What Roman construction material has continued to be a mystery to this day?

answer: Roman concrete

text: Roman concrete

question: Do any Roman structures still exist in our time?

answer: even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently

text: even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently

question: What facet of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers in the Roman Republic?

answer: The architectural style

text: The architectural style


text: During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC and the huge revenue generated made the economy richer. Despite huge revenues from oil production and sale, the military administration did little to improve the standard of living of the population, help small and medium businesses, or invest in infrastructure. As oil revenues fuelled the rise of federal subventions to states, the federal government became the centre of political struggle and the threshold of power in the country. As oil production and revenue rose, the Nigerian government became increasingly dependent on oil revenues and the international commodity markets for budgetary and economic concerns. It did not develop other sources of the economy for economic stability. That spelled doom to federalism in Nigeria.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: During

text: the

text: oil

text: boom

text: of

text: the

text: Nigeria

text: joined

text: OPEC

text: and

text: the

text: huge

text: revenue

text: generated

text: made

text: the

text: economy

text: richer

text: Despite

text: huge

text: revenues

text: from

text: oil

text: production

text: and

text: sale

text: the

text: military

text: administration

text: did

text: little

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: help

text: small

text: and

text: medium

text: businesses

text: or

text: invest

text: in

text: infrastructure

text: As

text: oil

text: revenues

text: fuelled

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: federal

text: subventions

text: to

text: states

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: became

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: political

text: struggle

text: and

text: the

text: threshold

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: As

text: oil

text: production

text: and

text: revenue

text: rose

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: government

text: became

text: increasingly

text: dependent

text: on

text: oil

text: revenues

text: and

text: the

text: international

text: commodity

text: markets

text: for

text: budgetary

text: and

text: economic

text: concerns

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: develop

text: other

text: sources

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: for

text: economic

text: stability

text: That

text: spelled

text: doom

text: to

text: federalism

text: in

text: Nigeria

question: Which oil group did Nigeria join?

answer: OPEC

text: OPEC

question: Who failed to use the oil revenues to invest in infrastructure?

answer: the military administration

text: the military administration

question: Overdependence on oil income led to the fall of what form of government in Nigeria?

answer: federalism

text: federalism


text: The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi mosque. Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit was appointed there by Hazrat Muhammad as teacher and among the students.[citation needed] In the curriculum of the madrasa, there were teachings of The Qur'an,The Hadith, fara'iz, tajweed, genealogy, treatises of first aid, etc. There were also trainings of horse-riding, art of war, handwriting and calligraphy, athletics and martial arts. The first part of madrasa based education is estimated from the first day of "nabuwwat" to the first portion of the "Umaiya" caliphate.[citation needed]

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: The

text: first

text: institute

text: of

text: madrasa

text: education

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: estate

text: of

text: Hazrat

text: Zaid

text: bin

text: Arkam

text: near

text: a

text: hill

text: called

text: Safa

text: where

text: Hazrat

text: Muhammad

text: was

text: the

text: teacher

text: and

text: the

text: students

text: were

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: followers.[citation

text: needed

text: After

text: Hijrah

text: migration

text: the

text: madrasa

text: of

text: Suffa

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Madina

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Al

text: Masjid

text: an

text: Nabawi

text: mosque

text: Hazrat

text: Ubada

text: bin

text: Samit

text: was

text: appointed

text: there

text: by

text: Hazrat

text: Muhammad

text: as

text: teacher

text: and

text: among

text: the

text: students.[citation

text: needed

text: In

text: the

text: curriculum

text: of

text: the

text: madrasa

text: there

text: were

text: teachings

text: of

text: The

text: Qur'an

text: The

text: Hadith

text: fara'iz

text: tajweed

text: genealogy

text: treatises

text: of

text: first

text: aid

text: etc

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: trainings

text: of

text: horse

text: riding

text: art

text: of

text: war

text: handwriting

text: and

text: calligraphy

text: athletics

text: and

text: martial

text: arts

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: madrasa

text: based

text: education

text: is

text: estimated

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: day

text: of

text: nabuwwat

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Umaiya

text: caliphate.[citation

text: needed

question: Where was the first madrasa located?

answer: the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam

text: the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam

question: Who was the teacher at the first madrasa?

answer: Hazrat Muhammad

text: Hazrat Muhammad

question: Who was named as a teacher at the second madrasa, housed in a mosque?

answer: Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit

text: Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit

question: What handwriting art form was taught in the early madaris?

answer: calligraphy

text: calligraphy

question: What type of physical fitness activities were taught in the early madaris?

answer: athletics and martial arts

text: athletics and martial arts

question: Where was the second madrasa located?

text: estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam

question: Who was the teacher at the third madrasa?

text: Hazrat Muhammad

question: Who was named as a teacher at the last madrasa?

text: Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit

question: What martial arts was taught in the early madaris?

text: Hadith

question: What type of ball sports were taught in the early madaris?

text: martial arts


text: The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology. An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions, including the United States. The innovation of the term "Near East" to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap. The East Indies, or "Far East," derived ultimately from Ptolemy's "India Beyond the Ganges." The Ottoman Empire ended at the eastern border of Iraq. "India This Side of the Ganges" and Iran had been omitted. The archaeologists counted Iran as "the Near East" because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there. This usage did not sit well with the diplomats; India was left in an equivocal state. They needed a regional term.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: term

text: middle

text: east

text: as

text: a

text: noun

text: and

text: adjective

text: was

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: nearly

text: every

text: context

text: except

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: archaeology

text: An

text: uncountable

text: number

text: of

text: places

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: their

text: middle

text: easts

text: from

text: gardens

text: to

text: regions

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: innovation

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Near

text: East

text: to

text: mean

text: the

text: holdings

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: had

text: left

text: a

text: geographical

text: gap

text: The

text: East

text: Indies

text: or

text: Far

text: East

text: derived

text: ultimately

text: from

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: India

text: Beyond

text: the

text: Ganges

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: ended

text: at

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: Iraq

text: India

text: This

text: Side

text: of

text: the

text: Ganges

text: and

text: Iran

text: had

text: been

text: omitted

text: The

text: archaeologists

text: counted

text: Iran

text: as

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: because

text: Old

text: Persian

text: cuneiform

text: had

text: been

text: found

text: there

text: This

text: usage

text: did

text: not

text: sit

text: well

text: with

text: the

text: diplomats

text: India

text: was

text: left

text: in

text: an

text: equivocal

text: state

text: They

text: needed

text: a

text: regional

text: term

question: When was the term middle east common as a noun and adjective?

answer: the 19th century

text: the 19th century

question: The middle east was not common in diplomacy and what other context?

answer: archaeology

text: archaeology

question: Where did the "Far East" derive from?

answer: Ptolemy's "India Beyond the Ganges."

text: Ptolemy's "India Beyond the Ganges."

question: Where did the Ottoman Empire end?

answer: the eastern border of Iraq

text: the eastern border of Iraq

question: Why did archaeologists count Iran as "The Near East"?

answer: because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there

text: because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there


text: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: As

text: a

text: major

text: Chinese

text: city

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: professional

text: sports

text: teams

text: Jiangsu

text: Sainty

text: the

text: football

text: club

text: currently

text: staying

text: in

text: Chinese

text: Super

text: League

text: is

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: tenant

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: Olympic

text: Sports

text: Center

text: Jiangsu

text: Nangang

text: Basketball

text: Club

text: is

text: a

text: competitive

text: team

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: clubs

text: fighting

text: for

text: the

text: title

text: in

text: China

text: top

text: level

text: league

text: CBA

text: Jiangsu

text: Volleyball

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: teams

text: are

text: also

text: traditionally

text: considered

text: as

text: at

text: top

text: level

text: in

text: China

text: volleyball

text: league

question: Generally, what types of teams call Nanjing home?

answer: many professional sports teams

text: many professional sports teams

question: What is the name of the football club in Nanjing?

answer: Jiangsu Sainty

text: Jiangsu Sainty

question: What building is home to Jiangsu Sainty?

answer: Nanjing Olympic Sports Center

text: Nanjing Olympic Sports Center

question: What is the name of the major basketball team in Nanjing?

answer: Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club

text: Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club

question: What is the name of China's highest level basketball league?

answer: CBA

text: CBA


text: The civilians of London had an enormous role to play in the protection of their city. Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard, the Air Raid Precautions service (ARP), the Auxiliary Fire Service, and many other organisations. The AFS had 138,000 personnel by July 1939. Only one year earlier, there had only been 6,600 full-time and 13,800 part-time firemen in the entire country. During the Blitz, The Scout Association guided fire engines to where they were most needed, and became known as the "Blitz Scouts". Many unemployed were drafted into the Royal Army Pay Corps. These personnel, along with others from the Pioneer Corps, were charged with the task of salvage and clean-up.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: civilians

text: of

text: London

text: had

text: an

text: enormous

text: role

text: to

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: their

text: city

text: Many

text: civilians

text: who

text: were

text: unwilling

text: or

text: unable

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: military

text: became

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Home

text: Guard

text: the

text: Air

text: Raid

text: Precautions

text: service

text: ARP

text: the

text: Auxiliary

text: Fire

text: Service

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: organisations

text: The

text: AFS

text: had

text: personnel

text: by

text: July

text: Only

text: one

text: year

text: earlier

text: there

text: had

text: only

text: been

text: full

text: time

text: and

text: part

text: time

text: firemen

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: country

text: During

text: the

text: Blitz

text: The

text: Scout

text: Association

text: guided

text: fire

text: engines

text: to

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: most

text: needed

text: and

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Blitz

text: Scouts

text: Many

text: unemployed

text: were

text: drafted

text: into

text: the

text: Royal

text: Army

text: Pay

text: Corps

text: These

text: personnel

text: along

text: with

text: others

text: from

text: the

text: Pioneer

text: Corps

text: were

text: charged

text: with

text: the

text: task

text: of

text: salvage

text: and

text: clean

text: up

question: What is ARP?

answer: Air Raid Precautions

text: Air Raid Precautions

question: The Auxiliary Fire Service had how many members in July of 1939?

answer: 138,000

question: Who was given the name Blitz Scouts?

answer: Scout Association

text: Scout Association

question: The Royal Army Pay Corps and what other group were in charge of salvage and clean-up?

answer: Pioneer Corps

text: Pioneer Corps


text: In May 1845, the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions. The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries. The split created the Southern Baptist Convention, while the northern congregations formed their own umbrella organization now called the American Baptist Churches USA (ABC-USA). The Methodist Episcopal Church, South had recently separated over the issue of slavery, and southern Presbyterians would do so shortly thereafter.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: In

text: May

text: the

text: Baptist

text: congregations

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: split

text: over

text: slavery

text: and

text: missions

text: The

text: Home

text: Mission

text: Society

text: prevented

text: slaveholders

text: from

text: being

text: appointed

text: as

text: missionaries

text: The

text: split

text: created

text: the

text: Southern

text: Baptist

text: Convention

text: while

text: the

text: northern

text: congregations

text: formed

text: their

text: own

text: umbrella

text: organization

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: American

text: Baptist

text: Churches

text: USA

text: ABC

text: USA

text: The

text: Methodist

text: Episcopal

text: Church

text: South

text: had

text: recently

text: separated

text: over

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: slavery

text: and

text: southern

text: Presbyterians

text: would

text: do

text: so

text: shortly

text: thereafter

question: When did Baptist congregations split over slavery?

answer: May 1845

text: May 1845

question: Why did American Baptist congregations split?

answer: over slavery and missions

text: over slavery and missions

question: Slaveholders were prevented from being appointed as what?

answer: missionaries

text: missionaries

question: Who prevented slaveholders from being appointed missionaries?

answer: Home Mission Society

text: Home Mission Society

question: Northern congregations formed what organization?

answer: American Baptist Churches USA (ABC-USA)

text: American Baptist Churches USA (ABC-USA)

question: When did Baptist congregations combine efforts over slavery?

text: May 1845

question: Why did American Baptist congregations work together?

text: over slavery and missions

question: Slaveholders were typically appointed as what?

text: missionaries

question: Who encouraged slaveholders to be appointed missionaries?

text: Home Mission Society

question: Southern congregations formed what organization?

text: American Baptist Churches USA


text: Following the French capture of Algeria (1833), that region saw several waves of Catalan-speaking settlers. People from the Spanish Alacant province settled around Oran, whereas Algiers received immigration from Northern Catalonia and Minorca. Their speech was known as patuet. By 1911, the number of Catalan speakers was around 100,000. After the declaration of independence of Algeria in 1962, almost all the Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia (as Pieds-Noirs) or Alacant.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Following

text: the

text: French

text: capture

text: of

text: Algeria

text: that

text: region

text: saw

text: several

text: waves

text: of

text: Catalan

text: speaking

text: settlers

text: People

text: from

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Alacant

text: province

text: settled

text: around

text: Oran

text: whereas

text: Algiers

text: received

text: immigration

text: from

text: Northern

text: Catalonia

text: and

text: Minorca

text: Their

text: speech

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: patuet

text: By

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Catalan

text: speakers

text: was

text: around

text: After

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: independence

text: of

text: Algeria

text: in

text: almost

text: all

text: the

text: Catalan

text: speakers

text: fled

text: to

text: Northern

text: Catalonia

text: as

text: Pieds

text: Noirs

text: or

text: Alacant

question: When did the French obtain Algeria?

answer: 1833

question: Where did the Algiers immigrants come from?

answer: Northern Catalonia and Minorca

text: Northern Catalonia and Minorca

question: What was the Catalan immigrant's speech called?

answer: patuet

text: patuet

question: How many Catalan speakers lived in Algiers by 1911?

answer: around 100,000

text: around 100,000

question: When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia?

answer: 1962


text: The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, colleagues of Feynman, edited and illustrated them into book form. The work has endured and is useful to this day. They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from Kip Thorne and other physicists.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: The

text: Feynman

text: Lectures

text: on

text: Physics

text: is

text: perhaps

text: his

text: most

text: accessible

text: work

text: for

text: anyone

text: with

text: an

text: interest

text: in

text: physics

text: compiled

text: from

text: lectures

text: to

text: Caltech

text: undergraduates

text: in

text: As

text: news

text: of

text: the

text: lectures

text: lucidity

text: grew

text: professional

text: physicists

text: and

text: graduate

text: students

text: began

text: to

text: drop

text: in

text: to

text: listen

text: Co

text: authors

text: Robert

text: B.

text: Leighton

text: and

text: Matthew

text: Sands

text: colleagues

text: of

text: Feynman

text: edited

text: and

text: illustrated

text: them

text: into

text: book

text: form

text: The

text: work

text: has

text: endured

text: and

text: is

text: useful

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: They

text: were

text: edited

text: and

text: supplemented

text: in

text: with

text: Feynman

text: 's

text: Tips

text: on

text: Physics

text: A

text: Problem

text: Solving

text: Supplement

text: to

text: the

text: Feynman

text: Lectures

text: on

text: Physics

text: by

text: Michael

text: Gottlieb

text: and

text: Ralph

text: Leighton

text: Robert

text: Leighton

text: 's

text: son

text: with

text: support

text: from

text: Kip

text: Thorne

text: and

text: other

text: physicists

question: Where do the Feynman Lectures on Physics pull information from?

answer: compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64

text: compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64

question: Once the popularity on the lectures grew, who began to attend?

answer: professional physicists and graduate students

text: professional physicists and graduate students

question: Which two of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?

answer: Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands

text: Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands

question: Which addendum was added to the Lectures book in 2005?

answer: "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics

text: "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics

question: Who wrote the supplemental material added to the Lectures book in 2005?

answer: Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton

text: Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton

question: Where did the Feynman Lectures on Biology pull information from?

question: Who never attended lectures as popularity grew?

question: Which one of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?

text: Robert B. Leighton

question: Which addendum was removed from the Lectures book in 2005?

question: Who wrote the supplemental material added to the Lectures book in 2003?

text: Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton


text: The North American mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" (also "spring ahead ...", "spring up ...", and "... fall behind") helps people remember which direction to shift clocks.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: North

text: American

text: mnemonic

text: spring

text: forward

text: fall

text: back

text: also

text: spring

text: ahead

text: spring

text: up

text: and

text: fall

text: behind

text: helps

text: people

text: remember

text: which

text: direction

text: to

text: shift

text: clocks

question: What phrase is often used in North America when speaking about DST?

answer: spring forward, fall back

text: spring forward, fall back

question: What is a language like "spring forward, fall back" that acts as a trigger for memory called?

answer: mnemonic

text: mnemonic

question: What does "spring forward, fall back" help people remember?

answer: which direction to shift clocks

text: which direction to shift clocks


text: Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic system make adolescents more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stress. The corresponding increase in emotional variability also can increase adolescents' vulnerability. The effect of serotonin is not limited to the limbic system: Several serotonin receptors have their gene expression change dramatically during adolescence, particularly in the human frontal and prefrontal cortex .

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Serotonin

text: is

text: a

text: neuromodulator

text: involved

text: in

text: regulation

text: of

text: mood

text: and

text: behavior

text: Development

text: in

text: the

text: limbic

text: system

text: plays

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: determining

text: rewards

text: and

text: punishments

text: and

text: processing

text: emotional

text: experience

text: and

text: social

text: information

text: Changes

text: in

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: neurotransmitters

text: dopamine

text: and

text: serotonin

text: in

text: the

text: limbic

text: system

text: make

text: adolescents

text: more

text: emotional

text: and

text: more

text: responsive

text: to

text: rewards

text: and

text: stress

text: The

text: corresponding

text: increase

text: in

text: emotional

text: variability

text: also

text: can

text: increase

text: adolescents

text: vulnerability

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: serotonin

text: is

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: limbic

text: system

text: Several

text: serotonin

text: receptors

text: have

text: their

text: gene

text: expression

text: change

text: dramatically

text: during

text: adolescence

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: frontal

text: and

text: prefrontal

text: cortex

question: Which neuromodulator is involved in regulation of mood and behavior?

answer: Serotonin

text: Serotonin

question: Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system?

answer: not

text: not

question: Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is involved in regulation of what?

answer: mood and behavior

text: mood and behavior

question: Which system in the brain determines rewards and punishments, emotional experiences, and social information?

answer: limbic

text: limbic

question: Which two neurotransmitters cause adolescents to be more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stresses?

answer: dopamine and serotonin

text: dopamine and serotonin


text: Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Congo

text: 's

text: democratic

text: progress

text: was

text: derailed

text: in

text: when

text: Lissouba

text: and

text: Sassou

text: started

text: to

text: fight

text: for

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: As

text: presidential

text: elections

text: scheduled

text: for

text: July

text: approached

text: tensions

text: between

text: the

text: Lissouba

text: and

text: Sassou

text: camps

text: mounted

text: On

text: June

text: President

text: Lissouba

text: 's

text: government

text: forces

text: surrounded

text: Sassou

text: 's

text: compound

text: in

text: Brazzaville

text: and

text: Sassou

text: ordered

text: members

text: of

text: his

text: private

text: militia

text: known

text: as

text: Cobras

text: to

text: resist

text: Thus

text: began

text: a

text: four

text: month

text: conflict

text: that

text: destroyed

text: or

text: damaged

text: much

text: of

text: Brazzaville

text: and

text: caused

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: civilian

text: deaths

text: In

text: early

text: October

text: the

text: Angolan

text: socialist

text: régime

text: began

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: Congo

text: to

text: install

text: Sassou

text: in

text: power

text: In

text: mid

text: October

text: the

text: Lissouba

text: government

text: fell

text: Soon

text: thereafter

text: Sassou

text: declared

text: himself

text: president

question: Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?

answer: Lissouba and Sassou

text: Lissouba and Sassou

question: What is the name of Sassou's personal army?

answer: Cobras

text: Cobras

question: What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?

answer: Angolan

text: Angolan

question: In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?

answer: October

text: October

question: When did Congo's democratic progress get back on track?

question: When did the tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps start to dissipate?

text: July 1997

question: When did government forces surround Lissouba's compound?

text: June 5

question: Where was Lissouba's compound located?

text: Brazzaville

question: What were members of Lissouba's militia called?

text: Cobras


text: In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passed a sovereignty law that gave precedence to Azerbaijani law, and on October 4, the Popular Front was permitted to register as a legal organization as long as it lifted the blockade. Transport communications between Azerbaijan and Armenia never fully recovered. Tensions continued to escalate and on December 29, Popular Front activists seized local party offices in Jalilabad, wounding dozens.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: a

text: new

text: and

text: effective

text: tactic

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: launched

text: a

text: rail

text: blockade

text: of

text: Armenia

text: which

text: caused

text: petrol

text: and

text: food

text: shortages

text: because

text: percent

text: of

text: Armenia

text: 's

text: freight

text: came

text: from

text: Azerbaijan

text: Under

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: the

text: Communist

text: authorities

text: in

text: Azerbaijan

text: started

text: making

text: concessions

text: On

text: September

text: they

text: passed

text: a

text: sovereignty

text: law

text: that

text: gave

text: precedence

text: to

text: Azerbaijani

text: law

text: and

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: was

text: permitted

text: to

text: register

text: as

text: a

text: legal

text: organization

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: it

text: lifted

text: the

text: blockade

text: Transport

text: communications

text: between

text: Azerbaijan

text: and

text: Armenia

text: never

text: fully

text: recovered

text: Tensions

text: continued

text: to

text: escalate

text: and

text: on

text: December

text: Popular

text: Front

text: activists

text: seized

text: local

text: party

text: offices

text: in

text: Jalilabad

text: wounding

text: dozens

question: What did the Popular Front do to Armenian railways?

answer: blockade

text: blockade

question: What shortages were caused by the blockade?

answer: petrol and food

text: petrol and food

question: How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan?

answer: 85 percent

text: 85 percent

question: When was the sovereignty law passed?

answer: September 25

text: September 25

question: What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front?

answer: local party offices

text: local party offices


text: Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personnel periodically visit Tajikistan to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration. The Government of India rebuilt the Ayni Air Base, a military airport located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe, at a cost of $70 million, completing the repairs in September 2010. It is now the main base of the Tajikistan air force. There have been talks with Russia concerning use of the Ayni facility, and Russia continues to maintain a large base on the outskirts of Dushanbe.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Russian

text: border

text: troops

text: were

text: stationed

text: along

text: the

text: Tajik

text: Afghan

text: border

text: until

text: summer

text: Since

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: French

text: troops

text: have

text: been

text: stationed

text: at

text: the

text: Dushanbe

text: Airport

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: air

text: operations

text: of

text: NATO

text: 's

text: International

text: Security

text: Assistance

text: Force

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: and

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: personnel

text: periodically

text: visit

text: Tajikistan

text: to

text: conduct

text: joint

text: training

text: missions

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: several

text: weeks

text: duration

text: The

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: rebuilt

text: the

text: Ayni

text: Air

text: Base

text: a

text: military

text: airport

text: located

text: km

text: southwest

text: of

text: Dushanbe

text: at

text: a

text: cost

text: of

text: million

text: completing

text: the

text: repairs

text: in

text: September

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: main

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: Tajikistan

text: air

text: force

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: talks

text: with

text: Russia

text: concerning

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Ayni

text: facility

text: and

text: Russia

text: continues

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: large

text: base

text: on

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: Dushanbe

question: Who was stationed along the boarder?

answer: Russian border troops

text: Russian border troops

question: Where have French Troops been stationed since September 11, 2001?

answer: at the Dushanbe Airport

text: at the Dushanbe Airport

question: Why do US troops visit Tajikistan every so often?

answer: to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration.

text: to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration.

question: Where is the main base for the Tajikistan air force?

answer: t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe

text: t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe

question: What troops were stationed along the Tajik-African border?

text: Russian border troops

question: French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport since before what attacks?

text: the September 11, 2001 attacks

question: The Government of China rebuilt the Ayni what?

text: Air Base

question: What is the main base of the Taliban air force?

text: the Ayni Air Base

question: There have been talks with Romania concerning use of what?

text: the Ayni facility