text: The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company where he was working went bankrupt because of the complaints of a Jamaican hurricane. Being unemployed, Walter decided to set a new business up. It was in that time when Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was faster and more precise (three years later, it was proved that it was not as efficient as had been said). Walter bought the logography's patent and to use it, he decided to open a printing house, where he would daily produce an advertising sheet. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register in Great Britain was 1 January 1785. Unhappy because people always omitted the word Universal, Ellias changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter Sr had spent sixteen months in Newgate Prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: The

text: Times

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: publisher

text: John

text: Walter

text: on

text: January

text: as

text: The

text: Daily

text: Universal

text: Register

text: with

text: Walter

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: editor

text: Walter

text: had

text: lost

text: his

text: job

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: after

text: the

text: insurance

text: company

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: working

text: went

text: bankrupt

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: complaints

text: of

text: a

text: Jamaican

text: hurricane

text: Being

text: unemployed

text: Walter

text: decided

text: to

text: set

text: a

text: new

text: business

text: up

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: that

text: time

text: when

text: Henry

text: Johnson

text: invented

text: the

text: logography

text: a

text: new

text: typography

text: that

text: was

text: faster

text: and

text: more

text: precise

text: three

text: years

text: later

text: it

text: was

text: proved

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: as

text: efficient

text: as

text: had

text: been

text: said

text: Walter

text: bought

text: the

text: logography

text: 's

text: patent

text: and

text: to

text: use

text: it

text: he

text: decided

text: to

text: open

text: a

text: printing

text: house

text: where

text: he

text: would

text: daily

text: produce

text: an

text: advertising

text: sheet

text: The

text: first

text: publication

text: of

text: the

text: newspaper

text: The

text: Daily

text: Universal

text: Register

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: January

text: Unhappy

text: because

text: people

text: always

text: omitted

text: the

text: word

text: Universal

text: Ellias

text: changed

text: the

text: title

text: after

text: editions

text: on

text: January

text: to

text: The

text: Times

text: In

text: Walter

text: handed

text: ownership

text: and

text: editorship

text: to

text: his

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: Walter

text: Sr

text: had

text: spent

text: sixteen

text: months

text: in

text: Newgate

text: Prison

text: for

text: libel

text: printed

text: in

text: The

text: Times

text: but

text: his

text: pioneering

text: efforts

text: to

text: obtain

text: Continental

text: news

text: especially

text: from

text: France

text: helped

text: build

text: the

text: paper

text: 's

text: reputation

text: among

text: policy

text: makers

text: and

text: financiers

question: The Times was founded by what publisher who also was the editor?

answer: John Walter

text: John Walter

question: The Times was known as what name before it became The Times?

answer: The Daily Universal Register

text: The Daily Universal Register

question: What year was the very first publication of The Times?

answer: 1785

question: The first publisher and editor of The Times when to prison for what crime when printed in his newspaper?

answer: libel

text: libel

question: Before the newspaper changed its name to The Times, how many editions were printed?

answer: 940


text: The school newspaper of the University of Kansas is University Daily Kansan, which placed first in the Intercollegiate Writing Competition of the prestigious William Randolph Hearst Writing Foundation competition, often called "The Pulitzers of College Journalism" in 2007. In Winter 2008, a group of students created KUpedia, a wiki about all things KU. They have received student funding for operations in 2008–09. The KU Department of English publishes the Coal City Review, an annual literary journal of prose, poetry, reviews and illustrations. The Review typically features the work of many writers, but periodically spotlights one author, as in the case of 2006 Nelson Poetry Book Award-winner Voyeur Poems by Matthew Porubsky.

title: University_of_Kansas

title: University_of_Kansas

text: The

text: school

text: newspaper

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Kansas

text: is

text: University

text: Daily

text: Kansan

text: which

text: placed

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: Intercollegiate

text: Writing

text: Competition

text: of

text: the

text: prestigious

text: William

text: Randolph

text: Hearst

text: Writing

text: Foundation

text: competition

text: often

text: called

text: The

text: Pulitzers

text: of

text: College

text: Journalism

text: in

text: In

text: Winter

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: students

text: created

text: KUpedia

text: a

text: wiki

text: about

text: all

text: things

text: KU

text: They

text: have

text: received

text: student

text: funding

text: for

text: operations

text: in

text: The

text: KU

text: Department

text: of

text: English

text: publishes

text: the

text: Coal

text: City

text: Review

text: an

text: annual

text: literary

text: journal

text: of

text: prose

text: poetry

text: reviews

text: and

text: illustrations

text: The

text: Review

text: typically

text: features

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: many

text: writers

text: but

text: periodically

text: spotlights

text: one

text: author

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: Nelson

text: Poetry

text: Book

text: Award

text: winner

text: Voyeur

text: Poems

text: by

text: Matthew

text: Porubsky

question: What is the name of the newspaper printed every day by the University of Kansas?

answer: University Daily Kansan

text: University Daily Kansan

question: What high profile contest has the Daily Kansan won?

answer: Intercollegiate Writing Competition

text: Intercollegiate Writing Competition

question: In what year did the Daily Kansan win the Intercollegiate Writing Competition?

answer: 2007

question: What is the name of an online resource that was created into provide a resource about KU?

answer: KUpedia

text: KUpedia

question: What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2006?

answer: Matthew Porubsky

text: Matthew Porubsky

question: What is the name of the newspaper printed every week by the University of Kansas?

text: University Daily Kansan

question: What low profile contest has the Daily Kansan won?

text: Intercollegiate Writing Competition

question: In what year did the Daily Kansan lose the Intercollegiate Writing Competition?

question: What is the name of an offline resource that was created into provide a resource about KU?

text: KUpedia

question: What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2005?

text: Matthew Porubsky


text: In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: In

text: the

text: First

text: Division

text: clubs

text: resigned

text: from

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: en

text: masse

text: and

text: on

text: May

text: the

text: FA

text: Premier

text: League

text: was

text: formed

text: as

text: a

text: limited

text: company

text: working

text: out

text: of

text: an

text: office

text: at

text: the

text: Football

text: Association

text: 's

text: then

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Lancaster

text: Gate

text: This

text: meant

text: a

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Football

text: League

text: that

text: had

text: operated

text: until

text: then

text: with

text: four

text: divisions

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: would

text: operate

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: division

text: and

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: with

text: three

text: There

text: was

text: no

text: change

text: in

text: competition

text: format

text: the

text: same

text: number

text: of

text: teams

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: flight

text: and

text: promotion

text: and

text: relegation

text: between

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: First

text: Division

text: remained

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: old

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Divisions

text: with

text: three

text: teams

text: relegated

text: from

text: the

text: league

text: and

text: three

text: promoted

question: When did the First Division clubs resign from the Football League?

answer: In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse

text: In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse

question: When was the FA Premier League formed as a limited company?

answer: on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate.

text: on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate.

question: How many divisions did the Premier League start out with at this time?

answer: the Premier League would operate with a single division

text: the Premier League would operate with a single division

question: How many divisions did the Football League after the the Premier League was founded?

answer: the Football League with three

text: the Football League with three

question: Was there a change in the competition format after the Premier League was formed?

answer: There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight

text: There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight

question: On which date was the FA Premier League formed legally?

answer: 27 May 1992

text: 27 May 1992

question: Out of which organization's headquarters did the original FA Premier League staff operate out of?

answer: Football Association

text: Football Association

question: How old was the Football League when the break-up happened?

answer: 104

question: How many divisions were left in the Football League after the split?

answer: three

text: three

question: How many divisions did the Premier League start with after the split?

answer: a single division

text: a single division

question: Where were the Football Association's headquarters located in 1904?

text: Lancaster Gate

question: The Football League would have a single division and the Premier league would have how many?

text: three

question: The Premier league would have three divisions and the Football League would have how many?

text: a single division

question: For how many years did the Football League operate with five divisions?

question: The Football League operated for 105 years with how many divisions?

text: four


text: Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter jointly invented a wireless telephone, named a photophone, which allowed for the transmission of both sounds and normal human conversations on a beam of light. Both men later became full associates in the Volta Laboratory Association.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: and

text: his

text: assistant

text: Charles

text: Sumner

text: Tainter

text: jointly

text: invented

text: a

text: wireless

text: telephone

text: named

text: a

text: photophone

text: which

text: allowed

text: for

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: both

text: sounds

text: and

text: normal

text: human

text: conversations

text: on

text: a

text: beam

text: of

text: light

text: Both

text: men

text: later

text: became

text: full

text: associates

text: in

text: the

text: Volta

text: Laboratory

text: Association

question: What did Bell call his cord-free phone?

answer: photophone

text: photophone

question: Who did Bell invent the cord-free phone with?

answer: Charles Sumner Tainter

text: Charles Sumner Tainter

question: What did Bell's cord-free phone use to transmit messages?

answer: light

text: light

question: What lab association did Bell and Tainter both eventually join?

answer: Volta Laboratory Association

text: Volta Laboratory Association

question: In the photophone, light carried sound and what?

answer: normal human conversations

text: normal human conversations


text: Iran has a paramilitary, volunteer militia force within the IRGC, called the Basij, which includes about 90,000 full-time, active-duty uniformed members. Up to 11 million men and women are members of the Basij who could potentially be called up for service; GlobalSecurity.org estimates Iran could mobilize "up to one million men". This would be among the largest troop mobilizations in the world. In 2007, Iran's military spending represented 2.6% of the GDP or $102 per capita, the lowest figure of the Persian Gulf nations. Iran's military doctrine is based on deterrence. In 2014 arms spending the country spent $15 billion and was outspent by the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council by a factor of 13.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Iran

text: has

text: a

text: paramilitary

text: volunteer

text: militia

text: force

text: within

text: the

text: IRGC

text: called

text: the

text: Basij

text: which

text: includes

text: about

text: full

text: time

text: active

text: duty

text: uniformed

text: members

text: Up

text: to

text: million

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Basij

text: who

text: could

text: potentially

text: be

text: called

text: up

text: for

text: service

text: GlobalSecurity.org

text: estimates

text: Iran

text: could

text: mobilize

text: up

text: to

text: one

text: million

text: men

text: This

text: would

text: be

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: troop

text: mobilizations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: Iran

text: 's

text: military

text: spending

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: GDP

text: or

text: per

text: capita

text: the

text: lowest

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: nations

text: Iran

text: 's

text: military

text: doctrine

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: deterrence

text: In

text: arms

text: spending

text: the

text: country

text: spent

text: billion

text: and

text: was

text: outspent

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Cooperation

text: Council

text: by

text: a

text: factor

text: of

question: What is Iran's volunteer militia force named?

answer: the Basij

text: the Basij

question: How many full-time members does the Basij have?

answer: 90,000

question: How many members in total does the Basij have?

answer: Up to 11 million men and women

text: Up to 11 million men and women

question: In 2007 what was Iran spending 2.6% of its GDP on?

answer: military spending

text: military spending

question: In 2014, Iran spent how much on weapons spending?

answer: $15 billion

text: $15 billion


text: Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ to female scholars, giving information on 1,075 of them. More recently, the scholar Mohammad Akram Nadwi, currently a researcher from the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, has written 40 volumes on the muḥaddithāt (the women scholars of ḥadīth), and found at least 8,000 of them.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: women

text: accounted

text: for

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: Islamic

text: scholars

text: However

text: al

text: Sakhawi

text: and

text: Mohammad

text: Akram

text: Nadwi

text: have

text: since

text: found

text: evidence

text: of

text: over

text: female

text: scholars

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: al

text: Sakhawi

text: devotes

text: an

text: entire

text: volume

text: of

text: his

text: biographical

text: dictionary

text: al

text: Ḍawʾ

text: al

text: lāmiʻ

text: to

text: female

text: scholars

text: giving

text: information

text: on

text: of

text: them

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: scholar

text: Mohammad

text: Akram

text: Nadwi

text: currently

text: a

text: researcher

text: from

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Centre

text: for

text: Islamic

text: Studies

text: has

text: written

text: volumes

text: on

text: the

text: muḥaddithāt

text: the

text: women

text: scholars

text: of

text: ḥadīth

text: and

text: found

text: at

text: least

text: of

text: them

question: What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 1200s?

answer: less than one percent

text: less than one percent

question: How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1400s?

answer: over 8,000

text: over 8,000

question: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students?

answer: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ

text: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ

question: How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami?

answer: 1,075

question: What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 2000s?

text: less than one percent

question: How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1600s?

text: over 8,000

question: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic male students?

text: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ

question: How many male students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami?


text: The conceptual view provides a level of indirection between internal and external. On one hand it provides a common view of the database, independent of different external view structures, and on the other hand it abstracts away details of how the data are stored or managed (internal level). In principle every level, and even every external view, can be presented by a different data model. In practice usually a given DBMS uses the same data model for both the external and the conceptual levels (e.g., relational model). The internal level, which is hidden inside the DBMS and depends on its implementation, requires a different level of detail and uses its own types of data structure types.

title: Database

title: Database

text: The

text: conceptual

text: view

text: provides

text: a

text: level

text: of

text: indirection

text: between

text: internal

text: and

text: external

text: On

text: one

text: hand

text: it

text: provides

text: a

text: common

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: database

text: independent

text: of

text: different

text: external

text: view

text: structures

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: it

text: abstracts

text: away

text: details

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: data

text: are

text: stored

text: or

text: managed

text: internal

text: level

text: In

text: principle

text: every

text: level

text: and

text: even

text: every

text: external

text: view

text: can

text: be

text: presented

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: data

text: model

text: In

text: practice

text: usually

text: a

text: given

text: DBMS

text: uses

text: the

text: same

text: data

text: model

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: external

text: and

text: the

text: conceptual

text: levels

text: e.g.

text: relational

text: model

text: The

text: internal

text: level

text: which

text: is

text: hidden

text: inside

text: the

text: DBMS

text: and

text: depends

text: on

text: its

text: implementation

text: requires

text: a

text: different

text: level

text: of

text: detail

text: and

text: uses

text: its

text: own

text: types

text: of

text: data

text: structure

text: types

question: What does the conceptual view offer?

answer: a level of indirection between internal and external

text: a level of indirection between internal and external

question: How does the conceptual view handle how data is managed?

answer: abstracts away details

text: abstracts away details

question: What type of view does the conceptual view offer?

answer: common

text: common

question: What does the conceptual view ignore?

question: How does the conceptual view handle how data is erased?

text: abstracts away details

question: What type of view does the conceptual view degrade?

text: common

question: What view can't be presented by a different data model?

text: every external view


text: Anthropologists such as C. Loring Brace, the philosophers Jonathan Kaplan and Rasmus Winther, and the geneticist Joseph Graves,[page needed] have argued that while there it is certainly possible to find biological and genetic variation that corresponds roughly to the groupings normally defined as "continental races", this is true for almost all geographically distinct populations. The cluster structure of the genetic data is therefore dependent on the initial hypotheses of the researcher and the populations sampled. When one samples continental groups, the clusters become continental; if one had chosen other sampling patterns, the clustering would be different. Weiss and Fullerton have noted that if one sampled only Icelanders, Mayans and Maoris, three distinct clusters would form and all other populations could be described as being clinally composed of admixtures of Maori, Icelandic and Mayan genetic materials. Kaplan and Winther therefore argue that, seen in this way, both Lewontin and Edwards are right in their arguments. They conclude that while racial groups are characterized by different allele frequencies, this does not mean that racial classification is a natural taxonomy of the human species, because multiple other genetic patterns can be found in human populations that crosscut racial distinctions. Moreover, the genomic data underdetermines whether one wishes to see subdivisions (i.e., splitters) or a continuum (i.e., lumpers). Under Kaplan and Winther's view, racial groupings are objective social constructions (see Mills 1998 ) that have conventional biological reality only insofar as the categories are chosen and constructed for pragmatic scientific reasons. In earlier work, Winther had identified "diversity partitioning" and "clustering analysis" as two separate methodologies, with distinct questions, assumptions, and protocols. Each is also associated with opposing ontological consequences vis-a-vis the metaphysics of race.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Anthropologists

text: such

text: as

text: C.

text: Loring

text: Brace

text: the

text: philosophers

text: Jonathan

text: Kaplan

text: and

text: Rasmus

text: Winther

text: and

text: the

text: geneticist

text: Joseph

text: Graves,[page

text: needed

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: while

text: there

text: it

text: is

text: certainly

text: possible

text: to

text: find

text: biological

text: and

text: genetic

text: variation

text: that

text: corresponds

text: roughly

text: to

text: the

text: groupings

text: normally

text: defined

text: as

text: continental

text: races

text: this

text: is

text: true

text: for

text: almost

text: all

text: geographically

text: distinct

text: populations

text: The

text: cluster

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: genetic

text: data

text: is

text: therefore

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: initial

text: hypotheses

text: of

text: the

text: researcher

text: and

text: the

text: populations

text: sampled

text: When

text: one

text: samples

text: continental

text: groups

text: the

text: clusters

text: become

text: continental

text: if

text: one

text: had

text: chosen

text: other

text: sampling

text: patterns

text: the

text: clustering

text: would

text: be

text: different

text: Weiss

text: and

text: Fullerton

text: have

text: noted

text: that

text: if

text: one

text: sampled

text: only

text: Icelanders

text: Mayans

text: and

text: Maoris

text: three

text: distinct

text: clusters

text: would

text: form

text: and

text: all

text: other

text: populations

text: could

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: being

text: clinally

text: composed

text: of

text: admixtures

text: of

text: Maori

text: Icelandic

text: and

text: Mayan

text: genetic

text: materials

text: Kaplan

text: and

text: Winther

text: therefore

text: argue

text: that

text: seen

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: both

text: Lewontin

text: and

text: Edwards

text: are

text: right

text: in

text: their

text: arguments

text: They

text: conclude

text: that

text: while

text: racial

text: groups

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: different

text: allele

text: frequencies

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: mean

text: that

text: racial

text: classification

text: is

text: a

text: natural

text: taxonomy

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: species

text: because

text: multiple

text: other

text: genetic

text: patterns

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: human

text: populations

text: that

text: crosscut

text: racial

text: distinctions

text: Moreover

text: the

text: genomic

text: data

text: underdetermines

text: whether

text: one

text: wishes

text: to

text: see

text: subdivisions

text: i.e.

text: splitters

text: or

text: a

text: continuum

text: i.e.

text: lumpers

text: Under

text: Kaplan

text: and

text: Winther

text: 's

text: view

text: racial

text: groupings

text: are

text: objective

text: social

text: constructions

text: see

text: Mills

text: that

text: have

text: conventional

text: biological

text: reality

text: only

text: insofar

text: as

text: the

text: categories

text: are

text: chosen

text: and

text: constructed

text: for

text: pragmatic

text: scientific

text: reasons

text: In

text: earlier

text: work

text: Winther

text: had

text: identified

text: diversity

text: partitioning

text: and

text: clustering

text: analysis

text: as

text: two

text: separate

text: methodologies

text: with

text: distinct

text: questions

text: assumptions

text: and

text: protocols

text: Each

text: is

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: opposing

text: ontological

text: consequences

text: vis

text: a

text: vis

text: the

text: metaphysics

text: of

text: race

question: Cluster structure of genetic data is dependent on what initial thing?

answer: hypotheses

text: hypotheses

question: If one samples a continental group, what do the clusters become?

answer: continental

text: continental

question: What is not a natural taxonomy of the human species?

answer: racial classification

text: racial classification

question: What are objective social constructions?

answer: racial groupings

text: racial groupings

question: What are diversity partition and clustering analysis are examples of?

answer: methodologies

text: methodologies


text: With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: With

text: the

text: record

text: company

text: a

text: global

text: operation

text: in

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: upper

text: management

text: started

text: pondering

text: changing

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: their

text: record

text: company

text: subsidiary

text: from

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: to

text: CBS

text: Records

question: CBS began thinking of a name change to their record label in what year?

answer: 1965

question: In 1955, CBS was a global what?

text: operation

question: The company wanted to change their name from CBS Records to what?

text: Columbia Records

question: Which management wanted to change the name of their staff?

question: The Columbia Broadcasting System low level staff wanted to change what?

text: the name of their record company


text: Some countries are eliminating or reducing climate disrupting subsidies and Belgium, France, and Japan have phased out all subsidies for coal. Germany is reducing its coal subsidy. The subsidy dropped from $5.4 billion in 1989 to $2.8 billion in 2002, and in the process Germany lowered its coal use by 46 percent. China cut its coal subsidy from $750 million in 1993 to $240 million in 1995 and more recently has imposed a high-sulfur coal tax. However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Some

text: countries

text: are

text: eliminating

text: or

text: reducing

text: climate

text: disrupting

text: subsidies

text: and

text: Belgium

text: France

text: and

text: Japan

text: have

text: phased

text: out

text: all

text: subsidies

text: for

text: coal

text: Germany

text: is

text: reducing

text: its

text: coal

text: subsidy

text: The

text: subsidy

text: dropped

text: from

text: billion

text: in

text: to

text: billion

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: Germany

text: lowered

text: its

text: coal

text: use

text: by

text: percent

text: China

text: cut

text: its

text: coal

text: subsidy

text: from

text: million

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: has

text: imposed

text: a

text: high

text: sulfur

text: coal

text: tax

text: However

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: has

text: been

text: increasing

text: its

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: fossil

text: fuel

text: and

text: nuclear

text: industries

question: What country is reducing its coal subsidy?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: Some countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance?

answer: coal

text: coal

question: What country is building its coal subsidy?

text: Germany

question: What country is not reducing its coal subsidy?

text: Germany

question: What country has been decreasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?

text: United States

question: No countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance?

text: coal


text: Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: Around

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: growing

text: population

text: of

text: Asian

text: Americans

text: lived

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: and

text: Venice

text: A

text: Japanese

text: fishing

text: village

text: was

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: Long

text: Wharf

text: while

text: small

text: numbers

text: of

text: Chinese

text: lived

text: or

text: worked

text: in

text: both

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: and

text: Venice

text: The

text: two

text: ethnic

text: minorities

text: were

text: often

text: viewed

text: differently

text: by

text: White

text: Americans

text: who

text: were

text: often

text: well

text: disposed

text: towards

text: the

text: Japanese

text: but

text: condescending

text: towards

text: the

text: Chinese

text: The

text: Japanese

text: village

text: fishermen

text: were

text: an

text: integral

text: economic

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Bay

text: community

question: What ethic group grew in the 20th century?

answer: Asian

text: Asian

question: What type of Village was located on the Long Wharf?

answer: Japanese fishing

text: Japanese fishing

question: What other ethic minority did white american's treat poorly?

answer: Chinese

text: Chinese

question: How many ethnic minorities were looked at differently in Santa Monica?

answer: two

text: two

question: What role did the fishing village play in Santa Monica?

answer: economic part

text: economic part

question: In what century did White Americans start living in Santa Monica?

text: 20th century

question: How did Japanese people treat Chinese people in Santa Monica?

text: condescending

question: In what city is the Long Wharf?

text: Venice

question: In what city did more Chinese people live?

text: Santa Monica

question: In what century was the Santa Monica Bay community established?

text: 20th century


text: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: FBI

text: is

text: the

text: domestic

text: intelligence

text: and

text: security

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: simultaneously

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: prime

text: federal

text: law

text: enforcement

text: organization

text: Operating

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: FBI

text: is

text: concurrently

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Intelligence

text: Community

text: and

text: reports

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Attorney

text: General

text: and

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: A

text: leading

text: U.S.

text: counterterrorism

text: counterintelligence

text: and

text: criminal

text: investigative

text: organization

text: FBI

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: violations

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: categories

text: of

text: federal

text: crimes

question: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?

answer: FBI

text: FBI

question: What organization is the FBI a subset of?

answer: U.S. Department of Justice

text: U.S. Department of Justice

question: What Director does the FBI report to?

answer: Director of National Intelligence

text: Director of National Intelligence

question: How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over?

answer: 200

question: What is the domestic intelligence and security service for the United Kingdom?

text: FBI

question: What is under the jurisdiction of the FBI?

text: U.S. Department of Justice

question: Who does the U.S. Intelligence Community report to?

text: Attorney General

question: Who has jurisdiction over more than 200 categories of state level crime?

text: FBI

question: How many categories of federal crimes does the U.S. Intelligence Community have jurisdiction over?


text: The formalist definition is that the history of "literature" foregrounds poetic effects; it is the "literariness" or "poeticity" of literature that distinguishes it from ordinary speech or other kinds of writing (e.g., journalism). Jim Meyer considers this a useful characteristic in explaining the use of the term to mean published material in a particular field (e.g., "scientific literature"), as such writing must use language according to particular standards. The problem with the formalist definition is that in order to say that literature deviates from ordinary uses of language, those uses must first be identified; this is difficult because "ordinary language" is an unstable category, differing according to social categories and across history.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: The

text: formalist

text: definition

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: literature

text: foregrounds

text: poetic

text: effects

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: literariness

text: or

text: poeticity

text: of

text: literature

text: that

text: distinguishes

text: it

text: from

text: ordinary

text: speech

text: or

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: writing

text: e.g.

text: journalism

text: Jim

text: Meyer

text: considers

text: this

text: a

text: useful

text: characteristic

text: in

text: explaining

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: mean

text: published

text: material

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: field

text: e.g.

text: scientific

text: literature

text: as

text: such

text: writing

text: must

text: use

text: language

text: according

text: to

text: particular

text: standards

text: The

text: problem

text: with

text: the

text: formalist

text: definition

text: is

text: that

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: literature

text: deviates

text: from

text: ordinary

text: uses

text: of

text: language

text: those

text: uses

text: must

text: first

text: be

text: identified

text: this

text: is

text: difficult

text: because

text: ordinary

text: language

text: is

text: an

text: unstable

text: category

text: differing

text: according

text: to

text: social

text: categories

text: and

text: across

text: history

question: A definition of literature that incorporates style and the poetic nature of prose is what?

answer: formalist

text: formalist

question: What is one example of writing that the formalist definition distinguishes literature from?

answer: journalism

text: journalism

question: What element of the formalist definition makes it difficult to apply?

answer: "ordinary language"

text: "ordinary language"

question: What part of ordinary language makes it difficult to apply the formalist definition?

answer: an unstable category, differing according to social categories and across history

text: an unstable category, differing according to social categories and across history

question: The formalist definition when applied to industry writing allows it to be called literature when it does what?

answer: must use language according to particular standards

text: must use language according to particular standards

question: What does the normalist definition of "literature" say distinguishes it from ordinary speech?

question: The term referring to unpublished material in a particular field includes what type of literature as one example?

text: scientific literature

question: Tim Meyer says scientific literature, for example, must use what?

question: Ordinary language is an unstable category that is the same according to what?

text: social categories

question: What is the problem Jim Meyer states with the formalist definition?

question: What does the formalistic definition of literature state?

question: What is one type of writing not included in the formalistic definition of literature?

text: journalism

question: What is the difficulty with "ordinary language" according to cultural categories?

text: is an unstable category

question: What is an example of unpublished material in a certain field?

text: scientific literature

question: What is the formalist definition of history?

question: Jim Meyer considers what term to be useful in explaining scientific literature?

text: formalist

question: What is "ordinary language" considered according to social history and differing categories?

text: unstable category


text: Many Baptist churches choose to affiliate with organizational groups that provide fellowship without control. The largest such group is the Southern Baptist Convention. There also are a substantial number of smaller cooperative groups. Finally, there are Baptist churches that choose to remain autonomous and independent of any denomination, organization, or association. It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are independent and self-governing, and if so the term 'Baptist denomination' may be considered somewhat incongruous.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Many

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: choose

text: to

text: affiliate

text: with

text: organizational

text: groups

text: that

text: provide

text: fellowship

text: without

text: control

text: The

text: largest

text: such

text: group

text: is

text: the

text: Southern

text: Baptist

text: Convention

text: There

text: also

text: are

text: a

text: substantial

text: number

text: of

text: smaller

text: cooperative

text: groups

text: Finally

text: there

text: are

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: that

text: choose

text: to

text: remain

text: autonomous

text: and

text: independent

text: of

text: any

text: denomination

text: organization

text: or

text: association

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: suggested

text: that

text: a

text: primary

text: Baptist

text: principle

text: is

text: that

text: local

text: Baptist

text: Churches

text: are

text: independent

text: and

text: self

text: governing

text: and

text: if

text: so

text: the

text: term

text: Baptist

text: denomination

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: somewhat

text: incongruous

question: What is the largest fellowship without control?

answer: Southern Baptist Convention

text: Southern Baptist Convention

question: It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are what?

answer: independent and self-governing

text: independent and self-governing

question: What term is considered somewhat incongrous is a self-governing church?

answer: Baptist denomination

text: Baptist denomination

question: What is the smallest fellowship without control?

text: Southern Baptist Convention

question: What churches never become autonomous?

text: Baptist

question: What has never been suggested as a primary Baptist principle?

question: What term is not considered to be incongruous?

text: Baptist denomination


text: The Mīmāṃsā school has several subschools defined by epistemology. The Prābhākara subschool of Mīmāṃsā considered five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumārila Bhaṭṭa sub-school of Mīmāṃsā added sixth to its canon of reliable epistemology - anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof).

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: The

text: Mīmāṃsā

text: school

text: has

text: several

text: subschools

text: defined

text: by

text: epistemology

text: The

text: Prābhākara

text: subschool

text: of

text: Mīmāṃsā

text: considered

text: five

text: epistemically

text: reliable

text: means

text: to

text: gaining

text: knowledge

text: pratyakṣa

text: perception

text: anumāṇa

text: inference

text: upamāṇa

text: comparison

text: and

text: analogy

text: arthāpatti

text: postulation

text: derivation

text: from

text: circumstances

text: and

text: śabda

text: word

text: testimony

text: of

text: past

text: or

text: present

text: reliable

text: experts

text: The

text: Kumārila

text: Bhaṭṭa

text: sub

text: school

text: of

text: Mīmāṃsā

text: added

text: sixth

text: to

text: its

text: canon

text: of

text: reliable

text: epistemology

text: anupalabdi

text: non

text: perception

text: negative

text: cognitive

text: proof

question: How many ways does the Mimamsa separate into subschools?

answer: several

text: several

question: How many ways does the Prabhakara subschool of Mimamsa say there are to gain knowledge?

answer: five

text: five

question: How is pratyaksa defined in the Prabhakara subschool?

answer: perception

text: perception

question: What is the word for inference in the Prabhakara subschool?

answer: anumāṇa

text: anumāṇa

question: What is comparison and analogy in the Prabhakara school?

answer: upamāṇa

text: upamāṇa

question: Which school has no subschools?

text: Mīmāṃsā

question: What means did the Kumarila Bhatta remove from its canon?

text: anupalabdi

question: What subschool only uses four reliable means?

text: Prābhākara

question: What does Mimamsa mean?

text: anupalabdi

question: How many Mimamsa subschools are not defined by epistemology?

text: several


text: Feathers are a feature characteristic of birds (though also present in some dinosaurs not currently considered to be true birds). They facilitate flight, provide insulation that aids in thermoregulation, and are used in display, camouflage, and signaling. There are several types of feathers, each serving its own set of purposes. Feathers are epidermal growths attached to the skin and arise only in specific tracts of skin called pterylae. The distribution pattern of these feather tracts (pterylosis) is used in taxonomy and systematics. The arrangement and appearance of feathers on the body, called plumage, may vary within species by age, social status, and sex.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Feathers

text: are

text: a

text: feature

text: characteristic

text: of

text: birds

text: though

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: some

text: dinosaurs

text: not

text: currently

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: true

text: birds

text: They

text: facilitate

text: flight

text: provide

text: insulation

text: that

text: aids

text: in

text: thermoregulation

text: and

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: display

text: camouflage

text: and

text: signaling

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: types

text: of

text: feathers

text: each

text: serving

text: its

text: own

text: set

text: of

text: purposes

text: Feathers

text: are

text: epidermal

text: growths

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: skin

text: and

text: arise

text: only

text: in

text: specific

text: tracts

text: of

text: skin

text: called

text: pterylae

text: The

text: distribution

text: pattern

text: of

text: these

text: feather

text: tracts

text: pterylosis

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: taxonomy

text: and

text: systematics

text: The

text: arrangement

text: and

text: appearance

text: of

text: feathers

text: on

text: the

text: body

text: called

text: plumage

text: may

text: vary

text: within

text: species

text: by

text: age

text: social

text: status

text: and

text: sex

question: What is a feature characteristic of birds?

answer: Feathers

text: Feathers

question: What feature of a bird facilitate flight?

answer: Feathers

text: Feathers

question: What is pterylae?

answer: specific tracts of skin

text: specific tracts of skin


text: Hayek disapproved of the notion of 'social justice'. He compared the market to a game in which 'there is no point in calling the outcome just or unjust' and argued that 'social justice is an empty phrase with no determinable content'; likewise "the results of the individual's efforts are necessarily unpredictable, and the question as to whether the resulting distribution of incomes is just has no meaning". He generally regarded government redistribution of income or capital as an unacceptable intrusion upon individual freedom: "the principle of distributive justice, once introduced, would not be fulfilled until the whole of society was organized in accordance with it. This would produce a kind of society which in all essential respects would be the opposite of a free society."

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Hayek

text: disapproved

text: of

text: the

text: notion

text: of

text: social

text: justice

text: He

text: compared

text: the

text: market

text: to

text: a

text: game

text: in

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: point

text: in

text: calling

text: the

text: outcome

text: just

text: or

text: unjust

text: and

text: argued

text: that

text: social

text: justice

text: is

text: an

text: empty

text: phrase

text: with

text: no

text: determinable

text: content

text: likewise

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: efforts

text: are

text: necessarily

text: unpredictable

text: and

text: the

text: question

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: the

text: resulting

text: distribution

text: of

text: incomes

text: is

text: just

text: has

text: no

text: meaning

text: He

text: generally

text: regarded

text: government

text: redistribution

text: of

text: income

text: or

text: capital

text: as

text: an

text: unacceptable

text: intrusion

text: upon

text: individual

text: freedom

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: distributive

text: justice

text: once

text: introduced

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: fulfilled

text: until

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: society

text: was

text: organized

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: it

text: This

text: would

text: produce

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: society

text: which

text: in

text: all

text: essential

text: respects

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: a

text: free

text: society

question: What concept did Hayek dislike?

answer: social justice

text: social justice

question: How did Hayek feel regarding income distribution?

answer: there is no point in calling the outcome just or unjust

text: there is no point in calling the outcome just or unjust

question: What reason does Hayek provide for differences in income distribution not being a matter of just or unjust?

answer: the results of the individual's efforts are necessarily unpredictable

text: the results of the individual's efforts are necessarily unpredictable

question: According to Hayek, a society in which income is redistributed is what?

answer: the opposite of a free society

text: the opposite of a free society


text: International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain."

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: International

text: reactions

text: to

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: death

text: were

text: divided

text: U.S.

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: meant

text: that

text: the

text: shadow

text: of

text: tyranny

text: over

text: Libya

text: has

text: been

text: lifted

text: while

text: UK

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: David

text: Cameron

text: stated

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: proud

text: of

text: his

text: country

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: overthrowing

text: this

text: brutal

text: dictator

text: Contrastingly

text: former

text: Cuban

text: President

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: commented

text: that

text: in

text: defying

text: the

text: rebels

text: Gaddafi

text: would

text: enter

text: history

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: nations

text: while

text: Venezuelan

text: President

text: Hugo

text: Chávez

text: described

text: him

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: fighter

text: a

text: revolutionary

text: and

text: a

text: martyr

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: expressed

text: sadness

text: at

text: the

text: news

text: praising

text: Gaddafi

text: for

text: his

text: anti

text: apartheid

text: stance

text: remarking

text: that

text: he

text: backed

text: the

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: during

text: the

text: darkest

text: moments

text: of

text: our

text: struggle

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: mourned

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: a

text: hero

text: across

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: for

text: instance

text: a

text: vigil

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: Muslims

text: in

text: Sierra

text: Leone

text: The

text: Daily

text: Times

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: stated

text: that

text: while

text: undeniably

text: a

text: dictator

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: benevolent

text: in

text: a

text: region

text: that

text: only

text: knew

text: dictatorship

text: and

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: man

text: that

text: looked

text: out

text: for

text: his

text: people

text: and

text: made

text: them

text: the

text: envy

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Africa

text: The

text: Nigerian

text: newspaper

text: Leadership

text: reported

text: that

text: while

text: many

text: Libyans

text: and

text: Africans

text: would

text: mourn

text: Gaddafi

text: this

text: would

text: be

text: ignored

text: by

text: western

text: media

text: and

text: that

text: as

text: such

text: it

text: would

text: take

text: years

text: before

text: historians

text: decided

text: whether

text: he

text: was

text: martyr

text: or

text: villain

question: Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?

answer: Hugo Chávez

text: Hugo Chávez

question: Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?

answer: Nelson Mandela

text: Nelson Mandela

question: Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government?

answer: David Cameron

text: David Cameron

question: In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi?

answer: Sierra Leone

text: Sierra Leone

question: Who said something about tyranny?

answer: Barack Obama

text: Barack Obama


text: During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: During

text: the

text: Partitions

text: of

text: Poland

text: from

text: to

text: its

text: members

text: began

text: to

text: lose

text: these

text: legal

text: privileges

text: and

text: social

text: status

text: From

text: that

text: point

text: until

text: the

text: legal

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: was

text: essentially

text: dependent

text: upon

text: the

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: partitioning

text: powers

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: The

text: legal

text: privileges

text: of

text: the

text: szlachta

text: were

text: legally

text: abolished

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: by

text: the

text: March

text: Constitution

text: of

question: When, during the partitions of Poland, did the szlachta lose legal and social status.

answer: 1772 to 1795

text: 1772 to 1795

question: What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on.

answer: Russian Empire

text: Russian Empire

question: When was the March constitution implemented.

answer: 1921

question: What did the Mach constitution do?

answer: legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished

text: legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished

question: In what republic did the szlachta lose their legal privileges.

answer: Second Polish Republic

text: Second Polish Republic


text: In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language.

title: Russian_language

title: Russian_language

text: In

text: Kazakhstan

text: Russian

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: state

text: language

text: but

text: according

text: to

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: its

text: usage

text: enjoys

text: equal

text: status

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Kazakh

text: language

text: in

text: state

text: and

text: local

text: administration

text: According

text: to

text: estimates

text: from

text: Demoskop

text: Weekly

text: in

text: there

text: were

text: native

text: speakers

text: of

text: Russian

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: million

text: active

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: fluent

text: in

text: Russian

text: in

text: and

text: used

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: language

text: with

text: family

text: friends

text: or

text: at

text: work

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: estimate

text: from

text: the

text: World

text: Factbook

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: can

text: speak

text: Russian

text: Large

text: Russian

text: speaking

text: communities

text: still

text: exist

text: in

text: northern

text: Kazakhstan

text: and

text: ethnic

text: Russians

text: comprise

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: census

text: reported

text: that

text: people

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: aged

text: and

text: above

text: could

text: read

text: and

text: write

text: well

text: in

text: Russian

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: understand

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

question: What is the legal status of Russian in Kazakhstan?

answer: according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration

text: according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration

question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian natively?

answer: 4,200,000

question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively?

answer: 10 million

text: 10 million

question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan speak Russian fluently?

answer: 63%

question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan use Russian as their main language?

answer: 46%

question: According to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan, what do public employees have the same as the administration?

text: equal status

question: What was the population of Kazakhstan in 2004?

question: What percentage of the population of Kazakhstan was employed in 2006?

question: How many people in Kazakhstan were able to read the World Factbook in 2004?

question: How much of the population aged 15 and above used the World Factbook in school in 2009?


text: Bitumen was used in early photographic technology. In 1826 or 1827, it was used by French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to make the oldest surviving photograph from nature. The bitumen was thinly coated onto a pewter plate which was then exposed in a camera. Exposure to light hardened the bitumen and made it insoluble, so that when it was subsequently rinsed with a solvent only the sufficiently light-struck areas remained. Many hours of exposure in the camera were required, making bitumen impractical for ordinary photography, but from the 1850s to the 1920s it was in common use as a photoresist in the production of printing plates for various photomechanical printing processes.[not in citation given]

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Bitumen

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: early

text: photographic

text: technology

text: In

text: or

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: French

text: scientist

text: Joseph

text: Nicéphore

text: Niépce

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: photograph

text: from

text: nature

text: The

text: bitumen

text: was

text: thinly

text: coated

text: onto

text: a

text: pewter

text: plate

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: exposed

text: in

text: a

text: camera

text: Exposure

text: to

text: light

text: hardened

text: the

text: bitumen

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: insoluble

text: so

text: that

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: subsequently

text: rinsed

text: with

text: a

text: solvent

text: only

text: the

text: sufficiently

text: light

text: struck

text: areas

text: remained

text: Many

text: hours

text: of

text: exposure

text: in

text: the

text: camera

text: were

text: required

text: making

text: bitumen

text: impractical

text: for

text: ordinary

text: photography

text: but

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: it

text: was

text: in

text: common

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: photoresist

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: printing

text: plates

text: for

text: various

text: photomechanical

text: printing

text: processes.[not

text: in

text: citation

text: given

question: In what early technology was bitumen used?

answer: photographic

text: photographic

question: What photographer used bitumen to make the earliest extant nature picture?

answer: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

text: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce

question: What feature of bitumen use in photography made it impractical?

answer: hours of exposure

text: hours of exposure

question: During what period was bitumen used in printing processes?

answer: 1850s to the 1920s

text: 1850s to the 1920s

question: Exposure to what natural element was necessary for early photographic plates?

answer: light

text: light

question: What was used in early photomechanical technology?

text: Bitumen

question: What did spanish scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce use to make the oldest surviving photograph?

text: Bitumen

question: Exposure to darkness did what to the bitumen and also made it insoluble?

text: hardened

question: What did exposure to light harden and make soluble?

text: bitumen

question: When did the Spanish scientist use bitumen to make a photograph from nature?

text: 1826 or 1827


text: The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22. Since other verses of the same Psalm are cited in the crucifixion accounts, it is often considered a literary and theological creation. Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew in which it usually would have been recited, and suggests that by the time of Jesus, this phrase had become a proverbial saying in common usage. Compared to the accounts in the other Gospels, which he describes as 'theologically correct and reassuring', he considers this phrase 'unexpected, disquieting and in consequence more probable'. He describes it as bearing 'all the appearances of a genuine cry'. Raymond Brown likewise comments that he finds 'no persuasive argument against attributing to the Jesus of Mark/Matt the literal sentiment of feeling forsaken expressed in the Psalm quote'.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: only

text: words

text: of

text: Jesus

text: on

text: the

text: cross

text: in

text: the

text: Mark

text: and

text: Matthew

text: accounts

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: quotation

text: of

text: Psalm

text: Since

text: other

text: verses

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: Psalm

text: are

text: cited

text: in

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: accounts

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: a

text: literary

text: and

text: theological

text: creation

text: Geza

text: Vermes

text: however

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: the

text: verse

text: is

text: cited

text: in

text: Aramaic

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: usually

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: recited

text: and

text: suggests

text: that

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Jesus

text: this

text: phrase

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: proverbial

text: saying

text: in

text: common

text: usage

text: Compared

text: to

text: the

text: accounts

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: Gospels

text: which

text: he

text: describes

text: as

text: theologically

text: correct

text: and

text: reassuring

text: he

text: considers

text: this

text: phrase

text: unexpected

text: disquieting

text: and

text: in

text: consequence

text: more

text: probable

text: He

text: describes

text: it

text: as

text: bearing

text: all

text: the

text: appearances

text: of

text: a

text: genuine

text: cry

text: Raymond

text: Brown

text: likewise

text: comments

text: that

text: he

text: finds

text: no

text: persuasive

text: argument

text: against

text: attributing

text: to

text: the

text: Jesus

text: of

text: Mark

text: Matt

text: the

text: literal

text: sentiment

text: of

text: feeling

text: forsaken

text: expressed

text: in

text: the

text: Psalm

text: quote

question: What Psalm gives the words of Jesus on the cross?

answer: Psalm 22

text: Psalm 22

question: What contradiction is found in this Psalm?

answer: verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew

text: verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew

question: What was the psalm said to be in Jesus' time?

answer: a proverbial saying in common usage

text: a proverbial saying in common usage

question: How do the other gospels describe Jesus' last words?

answer: theologically correct and reassuring

text: theologically correct and reassuring

question: How does the sentence appear to historians?

answer: a genuine cry

text: a genuine cry

question: What kind of writing did Geza Vermes usually produce?

text: literary and theological

question: What language did Geza Vermes study while in school?

text: Aramaic

question: What language was learned by Geza Vermes when he was a child?

text: Hebrew

question: How did Raymond Brown describe the effect Jesus had on society?

text: unexpected, disquieting

question: Does Geza Vermes believe that there is a valid argument against the existence of Jesus?

text: no persuasive argument


text: The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists. Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves. Nearly all dog breeds' genetic closeness to the gray wolf are due to admixture, except several Arctic dog breeds are close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: domestic

text: dog

text: Canis

text: lupus

text: familiaris

text: or

text: Canis

text: familiaris

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: Whole

text: genome

text: sequencing

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: dog

text: the

text: gray

text: wolf

text: and

text: the

text: extinct

text: Taymyr

text: wolf

text: diverged

text: at

text: around

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: years

text: ago

text: These

text: dates

text: imply

text: that

text: the

text: earliest

text: dogs

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: human

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: and

text: not

text: agriculturists

text: Modern

text: dogs

text: are

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: ancient

text: wolf

text: fossils

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Europe

text: than

text: they

text: are

text: to

text: modern

text: gray

text: wolves

text: Nearly

text: all

text: dog

text: breeds

text: genetic

text: closeness

text: to

text: the

text: gray

text: wolf

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: admixture

text: except

text: several

text: Arctic

text: dog

text: breeds

text: are

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Taimyr

text: wolf

text: of

text: North

text: Asia

text: due

text: to

text: admixture

question: Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?

answer: hunter-gatherers

text: hunter-gatherers

question: Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?

answer: Taimyr wolf of North Asia

text: Taimyr wolf of North Asia

question: Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?

answer: human hunter-gatherers

text: human hunter-gatherers

question: Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?

answer: gray wolf

text: gray wolf

question: Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?

answer: Taimyr

text: Taimyr


text: Generally, post-punk music is defined as music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s, although many groups now categorized as post-punk were initially subsumed under the broad umbrella of punk or new wave music, only becoming differentiated as the terms came to signify more narrow styles. Additionally, the accuracy of the term's chronological prefix "post" has been disputed, as various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement. Reynolds defined the post-punk era as occurring loosely between 1978 and 1984.

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: Generally

text: post

text: punk

text: music

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: music

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: cultural

text: milieu

text: of

text: punk

text: rock

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: although

text: many

text: groups

text: now

text: categorized

text: as

text: post

text: punk

text: were

text: initially

text: subsumed

text: under

text: the

text: broad

text: umbrella

text: of

text: punk

text: or

text: new

text: wave

text: music

text: only

text: becoming

text: differentiated

text: as

text: the

text: terms

text: came

text: to

text: signify

text: more

text: narrow

text: styles

text: Additionally

text: the

text: accuracy

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: 's

text: chronological

text: prefix

text: post

text: has

text: been

text: disputed

text: as

text: various

text: groups

text: commonly

text: labeled

text: post

text: punk

text: in

text: fact

text: predate

text: the

text: punk

text: rock

text: movement

text: Reynolds

text: defined

text: the

text: post

text: punk

text: era

text: as

text: occurring

text: loosely

text: between

text: and

question: What is post-punk?

answer: music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s

text: music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s

question: What else was music incorrectly catagorized into before post-punk?

answer: new wave music

text: new wave music

question: Why is the term post-punk sometimes disputed?

answer: various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement

text: various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement

question: What is the acctepted era of post-punk?

answer: between 1978 and 1984

text: between 1978 and 1984

question: What previous movement is post-punk often identified as coming after?

answer: punk rock

text: punk rock

question: What were many groups now labeled as post-punk initially categorized as?

answer: punk or new wave music

text: punk or new wave music

question: Why has the prefix 'post' caused a bit of dispute as it relates to various post-punk groups?

answer: predate the punk rock movement

text: predate the punk rock movement

question: Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was?

answer: Reynolds

text: Reynolds

question: Between what years did Reynolds identify the post-punk era as existing?

answer: 1978 and 1984

text: 1978 and 1984

question: What do various groups say predated post punk?

text: punk rock

question: Between what years did the punk movement occur?

text: 1978 and 1984.

question: What were groups categorized as post-punk later changed to?

text: punk or new wave

question: Who said the post punk era occurred in the 80s?

text: Reynolds

question: What is post-punk not defined as?

question: What else was music correctly catagorized into before post-punk?

text: new wave music

question: Which years was the punk era between?

text: 1978 and 1984

question: Which prefix was never disputed?

text: "post"


text: In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. ... By the side of the house was an enclosed garden planted with trees and other plants; wheat and probably other cereals were sown in the fields, and the shaduf was already employed for the purpose of irrigation. Plants were also grown in pots or vases."

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Sumerian

text: Uruk

text: period

text: the

text: primitive

text: pictograms

text: suggest

text: that

text: sheep

text: goats

text: cattle

text: and

text: pigs

text: were

text: domesticated

text: They

text: used

text: oxen

text: as

text: their

text: primary

text: beasts

text: of

text: burden

text: and

text: donkeys

text: or

text: equids

text: as

text: their

text: primary

text: transport

text: animal

text: and

text: woollen

text: clothing

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: rugs

text: were

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: wool

text: or

text: hair

text: of

text: the

text: animals

text: By

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: was

text: an

text: enclosed

text: garden

text: planted

text: with

text: trees

text: and

text: other

text: plants

text: wheat

text: and

text: probably

text: other

text: cereals

text: were

text: sown

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: and

text: the

text: shaduf

text: was

text: already

text: employed

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: irrigation

text: Plants

text: were

text: also

text: grown

text: in

text: pots

text: or

text: vases

question: When do the pictograms suggest Sumerians had domesticated livestock?

answer: Uruk period

text: Uruk period

question: What was the primary purpose of oxen for Sumerians?

answer: beasts of burden

text: beasts of burden

question: What animal did Sumerians use primary to facilitate transportation?

answer: donkeys

text: donkeys

question: What might be found by the side of a Sumerian house?

answer: enclosed garden planted with trees and other plants

text: enclosed garden planted with trees and other plants

question: Where were plants also grown besides the garden?

answer: pots or vases

text: pots or vases

question: What animals were domesticated following the Uruk period?

text: sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs

question: Who used donkeys as beasts of burden?

text: Sumerian

question: Who first grew plants in pots?

text: Sumerian

question: What writing form was invented by the Sumerian?

text: pictograms


text: The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation. In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built, becoming one of the worlds most extensive systems by 1890.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: The

text: decade

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: International

text: Exhibition

text: in

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: large

text: purpose

text: built

text: Exhibition

text: Building

text: In

text: a

text: telephone

text: exchange

text: was

text: established

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: St

text: Paul

text: 's

text: were

text: laid

text: in

text: electric

text: light

text: was

text: installed

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Market

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: a

text: generating

text: station

text: capable

text: of

text: supplying

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: was

text: in

text: operation

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: cable

text: tramway

text: system

text: was

text: built

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: worlds

text: most

text: extensive

text: systems

text: by

question: In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne?

answer: 1880

question: When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern Market?

answer: 1881

question: In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built?

answer: 1885

question: In what building was the Melbourne Internation Exhibition of 1880 held?

answer: Exhibition Building

text: Exhibition Building


text: In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought to the Americas, they were often combined with other groups from West Africa, and individual ethnic affiliations were not generally acknowledged by English colonists. In areas of the Upper South, different ethnic groups were brought together. This is significant as the captives came from a vast geographic region: the West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast such as Mozambique. A new African-American identity and culture was born that incorporated elements of the various ethnic groups and of European cultural heritage, resulting in fusions such as the Black church and Black English. This new identity was based on provenance and slave status rather than membership in any one ethnic group.[citation needed] By contrast, slave records from Louisiana show that the French and Spanish colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans, including ethnicities and given tribal names.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: that

text: black

text: people

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: they

text: primarily

text: identified

text: themselves

text: by

text: their

text: specific

text: ethnic

text: group

text: closely

text: allied

text: to

text: language

text: and

text: not

text: by

text: skin

text: color

text: Individuals

text: identified

text: themselves

text: for

text: example

text: as

text: Ashanti

text: Igbo

text: Bakongo

text: or

text: Wolof

text: However

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: captives

text: were

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: they

text: were

text: often

text: combined

text: with

text: other

text: groups

text: from

text: West

text: Africa

text: and

text: individual

text: ethnic

text: affiliations

text: were

text: not

text: generally

text: acknowledged

text: by

text: English

text: colonists

text: In

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Upper

text: South

text: different

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: were

text: brought

text: together

text: This

text: is

text: significant

text: as

text: the

text: captives

text: came

text: from

text: a

text: vast

text: geographic

text: region

text: the

text: West

text: African

text: coastline

text: stretching

text: from

text: Senegal

text: to

text: Angola

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: coast

text: such

text: as

text: Mozambique

text: A

text: new

text: African

text: American

text: identity

text: and

text: culture

text: was

text: born

text: that

text: incorporated

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: and

text: of

text: European

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: resulting

text: in

text: fusions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Black

text: church

text: and

text: Black

text: English

text: This

text: new

text: identity

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: provenance

text: and

text: slave

text: status

text: rather

text: than

text: membership

text: in

text: any

text: one

text: ethnic

text: group.[citation

text: needed

text: By

text: contrast

text: slave

text: records

text: from

text: Louisiana

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: Spanish

text: colonists

text: recorded

text: more

text: complete

text: identities

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Africans

text: including

text: ethnicities

text: and

text: given

text: tribal

text: names

question: How did black people identify in early America?

answer: by their specific ethnic group

text: by their specific ethnic group

question: What was not acknowledged by English colonists?

answer: individual ethnic affiliations

text: individual ethnic affiliations

question: How vast was the backgrounds of the captives?

answer: West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast

text: West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast

question: How was the new African American identity defined?

answer: This new identity was based on provenance and slave status

text: This new identity was based on provenance and slave status

question: Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans?

answer: French and Spanish colonists

text: French and Spanish colonists


text: Launched worldwide across 2005–2006, the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions, including North America and Europe. The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate, indicated by the so-called "Red Ring of Death", necessitating an extension of the device's warranty period. Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console: the Xbox 360 S in 2010, and the Xbox 360 E in 2013. As of June 2014, 84 million Xbox 360 consoles have been sold worldwide, making it the sixth-highest-selling video game console in history, and the highest-selling console made by an American company. Although not the best-selling console of its generation, the Xbox 360 was deemed by TechRadar to be the most influential through its emphasis on digital media distribution and multiplayer gaming on Xbox Live. The Xbox 360's successor, the Xbox One, was released on November 22, 2013. Microsoft has stated they plan to support the Xbox 360 until 2016. The Xbox One is also backwards compatible with the Xbox 360.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: Launched

text: worldwide

text: across

text: the

text: Xbox

text: was

text: initially

text: in

text: short

text: supply

text: in

text: many

text: regions

text: including

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: The

text: earliest

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: suffered

text: from

text: a

text: high

text: failure

text: rate

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Red

text: Ring

text: of

text: Death

text: necessitating

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: device

text: 's

text: warranty

text: period

text: Microsoft

text: released

text: two

text: redesigned

text: models

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: the

text: Xbox

text: S

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Xbox

text: E

text: in

text: As

text: of

text: June

text: million

text: Xbox

text: consoles

text: have

text: been

text: sold

text: worldwide

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: sixth

text: highest

text: selling

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: selling

text: console

text: made

text: by

text: an

text: American

text: company

text: Although

text: not

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: console

text: of

text: its

text: generation

text: the

text: Xbox

text: was

text: deemed

text: by

text: TechRadar

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: through

text: its

text: emphasis

text: on

text: digital

text: media

text: distribution

text: and

text: multiplayer

text: gaming

text: on

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: The

text: Xbox

text: 's

text: successor

text: the

text: Xbox

text: One

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: Microsoft

text: has

text: stated

text: they

text: plan

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: Xbox

text: until

text: The

text: Xbox

text: One

text: is

text: also

text: backwards

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: Xbox

question: What was the initial launch window of the 360 console?

answer: 2005–2006

question: What was one adverse condition that characterized early versions of the console?

answer: high failure rate

text: high failure rate

question: What were the designations of the two redesigned 360 models and when did they come out?

answer: Xbox 360 S in 2010, and the Xbox 360 E in 2013

text: Xbox 360 S in 2010, and the Xbox 360 E in 2013

question: As of June 2014, how many 360s across all SKUs have been sold worldwide?

answer: 84 million

text: 84 million

question: When did the Xbox One launch?

answer: November 22, 2013

text: November 22, 2013

question: When did the new extension of the warranty expire?

question: How many Xboxes were sold from 2005-2006?

text: 84 million

question: What company ranked the Xbox One as the most influential console of its generation?

text: TechRadar

question: What historical honor does the Xbox One hold?

question: What were the names of the redesigned models of the Xbox One?


text: In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas. A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836, the now largely "American" Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state. Per the 1850 U.S. census, fewer than 16,000 Texans were of Mexican descent, and nearly all were Spanish-speaking people (both Mexicans and non-Spanish European settlers who include German Texan) who were outnumbered (six-to-one) by English-speaking settlers (both Americans and other immigrant Europeans).[citation needed]

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: after

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: from

text: Spain

text: Texas

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Coahuila

text: y

text: Tejas

text: A

text: large

text: influx

text: of

text: Americans

text: soon

text: followed

text: originally

text: with

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: president

text: In

text: the

text: now

text: largely

text: American

text: Texans

text: fought

text: a

text: war

text: of

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Texas

text: In

text: the

text: Republic

text: dissolved

text: when

text: Texas

text: entered

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: as

text: a

text: state

text: Per

text: the

text: U.S.

text: census

text: fewer

text: than

text: Texans

text: were

text: of

text: Mexican

text: descent

text: and

text: nearly

text: all

text: were

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: people

text: both

text: Mexicans

text: and

text: non

text: Spanish

text: European

text: settlers

text: who

text: include

text: German

text: Texan

text: who

text: were

text: outnumbered

text: six

text: to

text: one

text: by

text: English

text: speaking

text: settlers

text: both

text: Americans

text: and

text: other

text: immigrant

text: Europeans).[citation

text: needed

question: Was Texas a part of Mexico?

answer: In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas

text: In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas

question: When did the Americans come to Texas?

answer: A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836

text: A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836

question: Was there a war between the Mexicans and the Texans?

answer: Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico

text: Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico

question: When did Texas become a state?

answer: In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state.

text: In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state.

question: Was Texas a primarily a Spanish speaking state?

answer: Per the 1850 U.S. census, fewer than 16,000 Texans were of Mexican descent, and nearly all were Spanish-speaking people

text: Per the 1850 U.S. census, fewer than 16,000 Texans were of Mexican descent, and nearly all were Spanish-speaking people

question: What was the name for the area Coahuila y Tejas was part of?

text: United Mexican States

question: How many Texans were of Mexican descent in 1850?

question: How many Mexicans in Texas were Spanish speaking?

text: nearly all

question: What's the other nationality with a heavy presence in Texas?

text: German

question: When did the republic dissolve and Texas entered the US?

question: When did the Americans some to Spain?

question: When did Spain become a state?

question: How many Texans were of English descent?

text: fewer than 16,000

question: Who did Spain fight to get independence?

text: Mexico

question: What census found fewer than 16,000 Texans of English descent?

text: 1850 U.S. census