text: After the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag. As a result of this and ample access to hydropower due to the falls, Richmond became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the country, including iron works and flour mills, the largest facilities of their kind in the South. The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry "Box" Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: After

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: Richmond

text: emerged

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: industrial

text: center

text: To

text: facilitate

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: cargo

text: from

text: the

text: flat

text: bottomed

text: bateaux

text: above

text: the

text: fall

text: line

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: faring

text: ships

text: below

text: George

text: Washington

text: helped

text: design

text: the

text: James

text: River

text: and

text: Kanawha

text: Canal

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: bypass

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: rapids

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: providing

text: a

text: water

text: route

text: across

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: to

text: the

text: Kanawha

text: River

text: The

text: legacy

text: of

text: the

text: canal

text: boatmen

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: flag

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: and

text: ample

text: access

text: to

text: hydropower

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: falls

text: Richmond

text: became

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: manufacturing

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: including

text: iron

text: works

text: and

text: flour

text: mills

text: the

text: largest

text: facilities

text: of

text: their

text: kind

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: The

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: was

text: growing

text: by

text: the

text: mid

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: in

text: one

text: famous

text: case

text: in

text: Henry

text: Box

text: Brown

text: made

text: history

text: by

text: having

text: himself

text: nailed

text: into

text: a

text: small

text: box

text: and

text: shipped

text: from

text: Richmond

text: to

text: abolitionists

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: escaping

text: slavery

question: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington?

answer: James River and Kanawha Canal

text: James River and Kanawha Canal

question: To where was the canal designed by Washington intended to ferry water?

answer: Kanawha River

text: Kanawha River

question: To what city was Henry Brown shipped as freight?

answer: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

question: What was Henry Brown's nickname?

answer: Box

text: Box

question: What sort of economic center was Richmond in the wake of the American Revolution?

answer: industrial

text: industrial


text: In the beginning, racial classifications that identified race were inherently suspect and subject to strict scrutiny. These classifications would only be upheld if necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest. Later the U.S. Supreme Court decided that racial classifications that benefited underrepresented minorities were to only be upheld if necessary and promoted a compelling governmental purpose. (See Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.) There is no clear guidance about when government action is not "compelling", and such rulings are rare.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: the

text: beginning

text: racial

text: classifications

text: that

text: identified

text: race

text: were

text: inherently

text: suspect

text: and

text: subject

text: to

text: strict

text: scrutiny

text: These

text: classifications

text: would

text: only

text: be

text: upheld

text: if

text: necessary

text: to

text: promote

text: a

text: compelling

text: governmental

text: interest

text: Later

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: decided

text: that

text: racial

text: classifications

text: that

text: benefited

text: underrepresented

text: minorities

text: were

text: to

text: only

text: be

text: upheld

text: if

text: necessary

text: and

text: promoted

text: a

text: compelling

text: governmental

text: purpose

text: See

text: Richmond

text: v.

text: J.A.

text: Croson

text: Co.

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: clear

text: guidance

text: about

text: when

text: government

text: action

text: is

text: not

text: compelling

text: and

text: such

text: rulings

text: are

text: rare

question: What kind of classification was subject to strict scrutiny?

answer: racial

text: racial

question: What was the only situation in which a racial classification could be considered acceptable?

answer: necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest

text: necessary to promote a compelling governmental interest

question: Who later confirmed that racial classifications were only to be upheld if they were necessary?

answer: U.S. Supreme Court

text: U.S. Supreme Court

question: What is an example case that can help display where upholding a racial classification is beneficial?

answer: Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.

text: Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.

question: What kind of classification was not subject to strict scrutiny?

text: racial

question: What was the only situation in which a racial classification could be considered unacceptable?

question: Who later confirmed that racial classifications were only to be upheld if they were unnecessary?

text: U.S. Supreme Court

question: What is an example case that can help display where upholding a racial classification is not beneficial?

text: Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co


text: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings. Neuroscientist Michael Nikoletseas has proposed that questions of the existence of God are no different from questions of natural sciences. Following a biological comparative approach, he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists, and, although not visible, it is possible that we know some of his attributes.

title: God

title: God

text: Stephen

text: Hawking

text: and

text: co

text: author

text: Leonard

text: Mlodinow

text: state

text: in

text: their

text: book

text: The

text: Grand

text: Design

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: reasonable

text: to

text: ask

text: who

text: or

text: what

text: created

text: the

text: universe

text: but

text: if

text: the

text: answer

text: is

text: God

text: then

text: the

text: question

text: has

text: merely

text: been

text: deflected

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: who

text: created

text: God

text: Both

text: authors

text: claim

text: however

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: answer

text: these

text: questions

text: purely

text: within

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: without

text: invoking

text: any

text: divine

text: beings

text: Neuroscientist

text: Michael

text: Nikoletseas

text: has

text: proposed

text: that

text: questions

text: of

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: God

text: are

text: no

text: different

text: from

text: questions

text: of

text: natural

text: sciences

text: Following

text: a

text: biological

text: comparative

text: approach

text: he

text: concludes

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: highly

text: probable

text: that

text: God

text: exists

text: and

text: although

text: not

text: visible

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: that

text: we

text: know

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: attributes

question: What does Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow pose as a better question that "Is there a God"?

answer: who created God

text: who created God

question: Who wrote The Grand Design?

answer: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow

text: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow

question: What is Michael Nikoletseas profession?

answer: Neuroscientist

text: Neuroscientist

question: How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?

answer: purely within the realm of science

text: purely within the realm of science

question: What is the name of Stephen Hawking's book?

answer: The Grand Design

text: The Grand Design

question: Who was Hawking's co-author?

answer: Leonard Mlodinow

text: Leonard Mlodinow

question: Who says the that whether there is or isn't a God are just like questions in natural science?

answer: Michael Nikoletseas

text: Michael Nikoletseas

question: What is the name of the book by Michael Nikoletseas?

text: The Grand Design

question: What does Stephen Hawking think we can know about God?

text: some of his attributes

question: What is Leonard Mlodinow's profession?

text: Neuroscientist

question: What does Michael Nikoletseas state in his book if God created the universe?

question: What do both authors believe about God if you take a biological comparative approach?

text: it is highly probable that God exists


text: The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome (carousel) is a National Historic Landmark. It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, which was built in 1909. The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the US and the source for many New Year's Eve national network broadcasts. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s. McCabe's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet. Bergamot Station is a city-owned art gallery compound that includes the Santa Monica Museum of Art. The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and the Angels Attic dollhouse and toy museum.

title: Santa_Monica,_California

title: Santa_Monica,_California

text: The

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Looff

text: Hippodrome

text: carousel

text: is

text: a

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmark

text: It

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Pier

text: which

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: The

text: La

text: Monica

text: Ballroom

text: on

text: the

text: pier

text: was

text: once

text: the

text: largest

text: ballroom

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: the

text: source

text: for

text: many

text: New

text: Year

text: 's

text: Eve

text: national

text: network

text: broadcasts

text: The

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Civic

text: Auditorium

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: music

text: venue

text: for

text: several

text: decades

text: and

text: hosted

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: in

text: the

text: McCabe

text: 's

text: Guitar

text: Shop

text: is

text: still

text: a

text: leading

text: acoustic

text: performance

text: space

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: retail

text: outlet

text: Bergamot

text: Station

text: is

text: a

text: city

text: owned

text: art

text: gallery

text: compound

text: that

text: includes

text: the

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: California

text: Heritage

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Angels

text: Attic

text: dollhouse

text: and

text: toy

text: museum

question: What year was the Sanat Monica Pier buildt?

answer: 1909

question: What historic landmark is located on the Pier?

answer: Looff Hippodrome

text: Looff Hippodrome

question: La Monica Ballroom used to be what type of ballroom in the United States?

answer: largest

text: largest

question: Where were the Academy Awards held in the 1960's?

answer: Santa Monica Civic Auditorium

text: Santa Monica Civic Auditorium

question: What place is still considered a prominent acoustic performance area?

answer: McCabe's Guitar Shop

text: McCabe's Guitar Shop

question: In what year was the Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome built?

question: In what decade was the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium built?

question: In what year was the California Heritage Museum established?

question: In what building is the Angels Attic dollhouse?

text: Bergamot Station

question: In what year was the toy museum built?


text: The Islamic Prophet Muhammad carried out a siege against the Banu Qaynuqa tribe known as the Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa in February 624  Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being stripped naked As a result, a Muslim killed a Jew in retaliation, and the Jews in turn killed the Muslim man. This escalated to a chain of revenge killings, and enmity grew between Muslims and the Banu Qaynuqa, leading to the siege of their fortress.:122 The tribe eventually surrendered to Muhammad, who initially wanted to kill the members of Banu Qaynuqa but ultimately yielded to Abdullah ibn Ubayy's insistence and agreed to expel the Qaynuqa.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: Islamic

text: Prophet

text: Muhammad

text: carried

text: out

text: a

text: siege

text: against

text: the

text: Banu

text: Qaynuqa

text: tribe

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Banu

text: Qaynuqa

text: in

text: February

text: Muhammad

text: ordered

text: his

text: followers

text: to

text: attack

text: the

text: Banu

text: Qaynuqa

text: Jews

text: for

text: allegedly

text: breaking

text: the

text: treaty

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Medina

text: by

text: pinning

text: the

text: clothes

text: of

text: a

text: Muslim

text: woman

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: her

text: being

text: stripped

text: naked

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: a

text: Muslim

text: killed

text: a

text: Jew

text: in

text: retaliation

text: and

text: the

text: Jews

text: in

text: turn

text: killed

text: the

text: Muslim

text: man

text: This

text: escalated

text: to

text: a

text: chain

text: of

text: revenge

text: killings

text: and

text: enmity

text: grew

text: between

text: Muslims

text: and

text: the

text: Banu

text: Qaynuqa

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: their

text: The

text: tribe

text: eventually

text: surrendered

text: to

text: Muhammad

text: who

text: initially

text: wanted

text: to

text: kill

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: Banu

text: Qaynuqa

text: but

text: ultimately

text: yielded

text: to

text: Abdullah

text: ibn

text: Ubayy

text: 's

text: insistence

text: and

text: agreed

text: to

text: expel

text: the

text: Qaynuqa

question: The Islamic Prophet Muhammad carried out a siege against what tribe in February 624?

answer: the Banu Qaynuqa tribe

text: the Banu Qaynuqa tribe

question: Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking what treaty?

answer: the Constitution of Medina

text: the Constitution of Medina

question: Who's insistence led the Prophet Muhammad to expel the Banu Qaynuqa Jews instead of kill them?

answer: Abdullah ibn Ubayy

text: Abdullah ibn Ubayy

question: Pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being what, was the action that allegedly violated the Constitution of Medina?

answer: stripped naked

text: stripped naked

question: What chained actions resulted from the alleged violation of the Constitution of Medina by the Banu Qaynuqa Jews?

answer: revenge killings

text: revenge killings


text: Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism. On March 12, 2013, Microsoft amended its certification requirements to only require that screens on tablets have a minimum resolution of 1024×768 (down from the previous 1366×768). The amended requirement is intended to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Microsoft

text: released

text: minimum

text: hardware

text: requirements

text: for

text: tablet

text: and

text: laplet

text: devices

text: to

text: be

text: certified

text: for

text: Windows

text: and

text: defined

text: a

text: convertible

text: form

text: factor

text: as

text: a

text: standalone

text: device

text: that

text: combines

text: the

text: PC

text: display

text: and

text: rechargeable

text: power

text: source

text: with

text: a

text: mechanically

text: attached

text: keyboard

text: and

text: pointing

text: device

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: chassis

text: A

text: convertible

text: can

text: be

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: tablet

text: where

text: the

text: attached

text: input

text: devices

text: are

text: hidden

text: or

text: removed

text: leaving

text: the

text: display

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: input

text: mechanism

text: On

text: March

text: Microsoft

text: amended

text: its

text: certification

text: requirements

text: to

text: only

text: require

text: that

text: screens

text: on

text: tablets

text: have

text: a

text: minimum

text: resolution

text: of

text: down

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: The

text: amended

text: requirement

text: is

text: intended

text: to

text: allow

text: greater

text: design

text: flexibility

text: for

text: future

text: products

question: What did Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 12, 2013?

answer: 1024×768

question: Why did Microsoft decrease the required resoultion for tablets?

answer: to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products

text: to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products

question: What is a convertible form factor?

answer: a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis

text: a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis

question: How does a convertible become a tablet?

answer: attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism

text: attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism

question: What didn't Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 12, 2013?

question: What did Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 21, 2013?

question: Why did Microsoft increase the required resoultion for tablets?

question: What is an inconvertible form factor?

question: How does an inconvertible become a tablet?


text: For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863 the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the famous Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–63, Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off the Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had Lee under siege in Richmond as William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas. The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House; all other Confederate armies surrendered within a few months.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: For

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: years

text: Confederate

text: forces

text: did

text: well

text: in

text: set

text: battles

text: but

text: lost

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: states

text: The

text: Confederates

text: had

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: defending

text: a

text: very

text: large

text: country

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: where

text: disease

text: caused

text: twice

text: as

text: many

text: deaths

text: as

text: combat

text: The

text: Union

text: pursued

text: a

text: strategy

text: of

text: seizing

text: the

text: coastline

text: blockading

text: the

text: ports

text: and

text: taking

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: systems

text: By

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: was

text: being

text: strangled

text: Its

text: eastern

text: armies

text: fought

text: well

text: but

text: the

text: western

text: armies

text: were

text: defeated

text: one

text: after

text: another

text: until

text: the

text: Union

text: forces

text: captured

text: New

text: Orleans

text: in

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: River

text: In

text: the

text: famous

text: Vicksburg

text: Campaign

text: of

text: Ulysses

text: Grant

text: seized

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: and

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: Southwest

text: Grant

text: took

text: command

text: of

text: Union

text: forces

text: in

text: and

text: after

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: battles

text: with

text: very

text: heavy

text: casualties

text: he

text: had

text: Lee

text: under

text: siege

text: in

text: Richmond

text: as

text: William

text: T.

text: Sherman

text: captured

text: Atlanta

text: and

text: marched

text: through

text: Georgia

text: and

text: the

text: Carolinas

text: The

text: Confederate

text: capital

text: was

text: abandoned

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: Lee

text: subsequently

text: surrendered

text: his

text: army

text: at

text: Appomattox

text: Court

text: House

text: all

text: other

text: Confederate

text: armies

text: surrendered

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: months

question: In what year did the Union Forces capture New Orleans?

answer: 1862

question: Who took control of the Mississippi River in 1862-63?

answer: Ulysses Grant

text: Ulysses Grant

question: Who captured Atlanta?

answer: William T. Sherman

text: William T. Sherman

question: Where did Lee surrender his army?

answer: Appomattox Court House

text: Appomattox Court House

question: In what year did the Union Forces capture Atlanta?

question: Who took control of the Snake River in 1862-63?

text: Ulysses Grant

question: Who released Atlanta?

text: William T. Sherman

question: Where did Grant surrender his army?

text: Appomattox Court House


text: In the Ottoman Empire, these ideological reforms did not take place and these views did not integrate into common thought until much later. As well, there was no spread of this doctrine within the New World and the advanced civilizations of the Aztec, Maya, Inca, Mohican, Delaware, Huron and especially the Iroquois. The Iroquois philosophy in particular gave much to Christian thought of the time and in many cases actually inspired some of the institutions adopted in the United States: for example, Benjamin Franklin was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy, and much of early American literature emphasized the political philosophy of the natives.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: In

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: these

text: ideological

text: reforms

text: did

text: not

text: take

text: place

text: and

text: these

text: views

text: did

text: not

text: integrate

text: into

text: common

text: thought

text: until

text: much

text: later

text: As

text: well

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: spread

text: of

text: this

text: doctrine

text: within

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: and

text: the

text: advanced

text: civilizations

text: of

text: the

text: Aztec

text: Maya

text: Inca

text: Mohican

text: Delaware

text: Huron

text: and

text: especially

text: the

text: Iroquois

text: The

text: Iroquois

text: philosophy

text: in

text: particular

text: gave

text: much

text: to

text: Christian

text: thought

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: actually

text: inspired

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: institutions

text: adopted

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: example

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: admirer

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: methods

text: of

text: the

text: Iroquois

text: Confederacy

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: early

text: American

text: literature

text: emphasized

text: the

text: political

text: philosophy

text: of

text: the

text: natives

question: In what area did these ideological reforms not take place until much later?

answer: Ottoman Empire

text: Ottoman Empire

question: Whose philosophy gave much to Christian thought of the time?

answer: The Iroquois philosophy

text: The Iroquois philosophy

question: Who was a great admirer of some of the methods of the Iroquois Confederacy?

answer: Benjamin Franklin

text: Benjamin Franklin

question: What area did ideological reforms take place much earlier?

text: Ottoman Empire

question: Where in the New World was this doctrine spread?

question: Who modeled some of the methods of the Huron?

text: Benjamin Franklin

question: Whose literature emphasize the religious philosophy of the natives?

text: American literature

question: What did Aztec civilizations inspire in the US?

question: What did early Mohican literature focus on?

text: the political philosophy of the natives

question: Who admired the methods of the Incan Confederacy?

text: Benjamin Franklin

question: What happened when methods of the Iroquois Confederacy were introduced to the Ottoman Empire?

question: What viewpoint influenced doctrine within the New World at the time?

text: The Iroquois philosophy


text: H2 is a product of some types of anaerobic metabolism and is produced by several microorganisms, usually via reactions catalyzed by iron- or nickel-containing enzymes called hydrogenases. These enzymes catalyze the reversible redox reaction between H2 and its component two protons and two electrons. Creation of hydrogen gas occurs in the transfer of reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water. The natural cycle of hydrogen production and consumption by organisms is called the hydrogen cycle.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: is

text: a

text: product

text: of

text: some

text: types

text: of

text: anaerobic

text: metabolism

text: and

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: several

text: microorganisms

text: usually

text: via

text: reactions

text: catalyzed

text: by

text: iron-

text: or

text: nickel

text: containing

text: enzymes

text: called

text: hydrogenases

text: These

text: enzymes

text: catalyze

text: the

text: reversible

text: redox

text: reaction

text: between

text: and

text: its

text: component

text: two

text: protons

text: and

text: two

text: electrons

text: Creation

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: gas

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: reducing

text: equivalents

text: produced

text: during

text: pyruvate

text: fermentation

text: to

text: water

text: The

text: natural

text: cycle

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: production

text: and

text: consumption

text: by

text: organisms

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: cycle

question: What enzymes are used to produce H2?

answer: hydrogenases

text: hydrogenases

question: When does hydrogen gas occur?

answer: in the transfer of reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water

text: in the transfer of reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water

question: What is the natural cycle of hydrogen production and consumption by organisms called?

answer: hydrogen cycle

text: hydrogen cycle


text: Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: also

text: hosts

text: an

text: unknown

text: number

text: of

text: refugees

text: and

text: asylum

text: seekers

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: There

text: are

text: some

text: Palestinian

text: refugees

text: and

text: about

text: recently

text: arrived

text: Iraqi

text: refugees

text: but

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: is

text: contested.[nb

text: The

text: once

text: vibrant

text: and

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: in

text: Egypt

text: have

text: almost

text: disappeared

text: with

text: only

text: a

text: small

text: number

text: remaining

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: but

text: many

text: Egyptian

text: Jews

text: visit

text: on

text: religious

text: or

text: other

text: occasions

text: and

text: tourism

text: Several

text: important

text: Jewish

text: archaeological

text: and

text: historical

text: sites

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: Cairo

text: Alexandria

text: and

text: other

text: cities

question: Approximately how many rufugees and asylum seekers are in Egypt?

answer: between 500,000 and 3 million

text: between 500,000 and 3 million

question: How may Palestinian refugees are in Egypt?

answer: 70,000

question: How many recent Iraqi refugees are in Egypt?

answer: 150,000

question: What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites?

answer: Cairo, Alexandria and other cities

text: Cairo, Alexandria and other cities


text: Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382. Instead, he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, who was 11 years old. The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim, and the result was an internal war. Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád. Both palaces were rebuilt and improved, and were considered the richest of the time in Europe. Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Louis

text: did

text: not

text: leave

text: a

text: son

text: as

text: heir

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Instead

text: he

text: named

text: as

text: his

text: heir

text: the

text: young

text: prince

text: Sigismund

text: of

text: Luxemburg

text: who

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: The

text: Hungarian

text: nobility

text: did

text: not

text: accept

text: his

text: claim

text: and

text: the

text: result

text: was

text: an

text: internal

text: war

text: Sigismund

text: eventually

text: achieved

text: total

text: control

text: of

text: Hungary

text: and

text: established

text: his

text: court

text: in

text: Buda

text: and

text: Visegrád

text: Both

text: palaces

text: were

text: rebuilt

text: and

text: improved

text: and

text: were

text: considered

text: the

text: richest

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: in

text: Europe

text: Inheriting

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: and

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Sigismund

text: continued

text: conducting

text: his

text: politics

text: from

text: Hungary

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: kept

text: busy

text: fighting

text: the

text: Hussites

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: which

text: was

text: becoming

text: a

text: menace

text: to

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: In what year did Louis die?

answer: 1382

question: Who did Louis name as his heir?

answer: Sigismund of Luxemburg

text: Sigismund of Luxemburg

question: How old was Sigismund of Luxemburg when he was named heir?

answer: 11

question: Upon taking the throne of Hungary where did Sigismund establish his court?

answer: Buda and Visegrád

text: Buda and Visegrád

question: What was the result of the Hungarian nobility's refusal to accept Sigismund claim as Louis' heir?

answer: internal war

text: internal war

question: In what year did Louis live?

question: Who didn't Louis name as his heir?

text: Sigismund of Luxemburg

question: How old was Sigismund of Luxemburg when he wasn't named heir?

question: Upon taking the throne of Hungary where didn't Sigismund establish his court?

text: Buda and Visegrád

question: What was the result of the Hungarian nobility's honor to accept Sigismund claim as Louis' heir?

text: internal war


text: For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Jewish Law" composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro) together with its surrounding commentaries. Thus, at a general level, there is a large degree of uniformity amongst all Orthodox Jews. Concerning the details, however, there is often variance: decisions may be based on various of the standardized codes of Jewish Law that have been developed over the centuries, as well as on the various responsa. These codes and responsa may differ from each other as regards detail (and reflecting the above philosophical differences, as regards the weight assigned to these). By and large, however, the differences result from the historic dispersal of the Jews and the consequent development of differences among regions in their practices (see minhag).

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: For

text: guidance

text: in

text: practical

text: application

text: of

text: Jewish

text: law

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: appeal

text: to

text: the

text: Shulchan

text: Aruch

text: Code

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Law

text: composed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: Rabbi

text: Joseph

text: Caro

text: together

text: with

text: its

text: surrounding

text: commentaries

text: Thus

text: at

text: a

text: general

text: level

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: degree

text: of

text: uniformity

text: amongst

text: all

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: Concerning

text: the

text: details

text: however

text: there

text: is

text: often

text: variance

text: decisions

text: may

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: various

text: of

text: the

text: standardized

text: codes

text: of

text: Jewish

text: Law

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: the

text: various

text: responsa

text: These

text: codes

text: and

text: responsa

text: may

text: differ

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: as

text: regards

text: detail

text: and

text: reflecting

text: the

text: above

text: philosophical

text: differences

text: as

text: regards

text: the

text: weight

text: assigned

text: to

text: these

text: By

text: and

text: large

text: however

text: the

text: differences

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: historic

text: dispersal

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: and

text: the

text: consequent

text: development

text: of

text: differences

text: among

text: regions

text: in

text: their

text: practices

text: see

text: minhag

question: What do Orthodox Jews turn to for guidance and practical application of jewish law?

answer: Shulchan Aruch

text: Shulchan Aruch

question: there is a large degree of what amongst all orthodox jews?

answer: uniformity

text: uniformity

question: What is the differences among regions in practices known as?

answer: minhag

text: minhag

question: Why are the codes and responsa different in regards to details?

answer: philosophical differences

text: philosophical differences

question: Who do the Orthodox Jews avoid for guidance in practical application of Jewish law?

text: Shulchan Aruch

question: Who created the code of Jewish law in the 12th century?

text: Rabbi Joseph Caro

question: What causes a large degree of differences regarding all Orthodox Jews?

text: Jewish Law

question: What is responsible for the common philosophy's of all Orthodox Jews?

text: historic dispersal of the Jews

question: What was developed recently to standardize codes?

text: Jewish Law


text: This effectively means that populations of organisms must have reached a certain measurable level of difference to be recognised as subspecies. Dean Amadon proposed in 1949 that subspecies would be defined according to the seventy-five percent rule which means that 75% of a population must lie outside 99% of the range of other populations for a given defining morphological character or a set of characters. The seventy-five percent rule still has defenders but other scholars argue that it should be replaced with ninety or ninety-five percent rule.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: This

text: effectively

text: means

text: that

text: populations

text: of

text: organisms

text: must

text: have

text: reached

text: a

text: certain

text: measurable

text: level

text: of

text: difference

text: to

text: be

text: recognised

text: as

text: subspecies

text: Dean

text: Amadon

text: proposed

text: in

text: that

text: subspecies

text: would

text: be

text: defined

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: seventy

text: five

text: percent

text: rule

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: population

text: must

text: lie

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: other

text: populations

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: defining

text: morphological

text: character

text: or

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: characters

text: The

text: seventy

text: five

text: percent

text: rule

text: still

text: has

text: defenders

text: but

text: other

text: scholars

text: argue

text: that

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: replaced

text: with

text: ninety

text: or

text: ninety

text: five

text: percent

text: rule

question: What must organisms have a measurable level of to be seen as a subspecies?

answer: difference

text: difference

question: Who proposed subspecies be defined by the seventy-five percent rule?

answer: Dean Amadon

text: Dean Amadon

question: What year did Dean Amadon make his proposal?

answer: 1949

question: The 75% rule states how much of a population must lie outside the range of other populations for a defining set of characters?

answer: 99%

question: Many scholars argue what should be replaced with a ninety or ninety-five percent rule?

answer: The seventy-five percent rule

text: The seventy-five percent rule


text: Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with another copy of the same allele. For example, if the allele specifying tall stems in pea plants is dominant over the allele specifying short stems, then pea plants that inherit one tall allele from one parent and one short allele from the other parent will also have tall stems. Mendel's work demonstrated that alleles assort independently in the production of gametes, or germ cells, ensuring variation in the next generation. Although Mendelian inheritance remains a good model for many traits determined by single genes (including a number of well-known genetic disorders) it does not include the physical processes of DNA replication and cell division.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Alleles

text: at

text: a

text: locus

text: may

text: be

text: dominant

text: or

text: recessive

text: dominant

text: alleles

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: their

text: corresponding

text: phenotypes

text: when

text: paired

text: with

text: any

text: other

text: allele

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: trait

text: whereas

text: recessive

text: alleles

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: their

text: corresponding

text: phenotype

text: only

text: when

text: paired

text: with

text: another

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: allele

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: the

text: allele

text: specifying

text: tall

text: stems

text: in

text: pea

text: plants

text: is

text: dominant

text: over

text: the

text: allele

text: specifying

text: short

text: stems

text: then

text: pea

text: plants

text: that

text: inherit

text: one

text: tall

text: allele

text: from

text: one

text: parent

text: and

text: one

text: short

text: allele

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: parent

text: will

text: also

text: have

text: tall

text: stems

text: Mendel

text: 's

text: work

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: alleles

text: assort

text: independently

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: gametes

text: or

text: germ

text: cells

text: ensuring

text: variation

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: Although

text: Mendelian

text: inheritance

text: remains

text: a

text: good

text: model

text: for

text: many

text: traits

text: determined

text: by

text: single

text: genes

text: including

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: well

text: known

text: genetic

text: disorders

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: the

text: physical

text: processes

text: of

text: DNA

text: replication

text: and

text: cell

text: division

question: Where can alleles be located in order to be either dominant or recessive?

answer: at a locus

text: at a locus

question: When paired with any other allele for the same trait, what do dominant alleles give rise to?

answer: their corresponding phenotypes

text: their corresponding phenotypes

question: When do recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype?

answer: when paired with another copy of the same allele

text: when paired with another copy of the same allele

question: When do alleles assort independently?

answer: in the production of gametes

text: in the production of gametes

question: What are gametes?

answer: germ cells

text: germ cells


text: During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.

title: General_Electric

title: General_Electric

text: During

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: had

text: business

text: interests

text: in

text: many

text: electricity

text: related

text: companies

text: Edison

text: Lamp

text: Company

text: a

text: lamp

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: East

text: Newark

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Edison

text: Machine

text: Works

text: a

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: dynamos

text: and

text: large

text: electric

text: motors

text: in

text: Schenectady

text: New

text: York

text: Bergmann

text: Company

text: a

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: electric

text: lighting

text: fixtures

text: sockets

text: and

text: other

text: electric

text: lighting

text: devices

text: and

text: Edison

text: Electric

text: Light

text: Company

text: the

text: patent

text: holding

text: company

text: and

text: the

text: financial

text: arm

text: backed

text: by

text: J.P.

text: Morgan

text: and

text: the

text: Vanderbilt

text: family

text: for

text: Edison

text: 's

text: lighting

text: experiments

text: In

text: Drexel

text: Morgan

text: Co.

text: a

text: company

text: founded

text: by

text: J.P.

text: Morgan

text: and

text: Anthony

text: J.

text: Drexel

text: financed

text: Edison

text: 's

text: research

text: and

text: helped

text: merge

text: those

text: companies

text: under

text: one

text: corporation

text: to

text: form

text: Edison

text: General

text: Electric

text: Company

text: which

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: new

text: company

text: also

text: acquired

text: Sprague

text: Electric

text: Railway

text: Motor

text: Company

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

question: What was the name of the lamp manufacturer in East Newark which Thomas Edison an interest in?

answer: Edison Lamp Company

text: Edison Lamp Company

question: Where was Edison Machine Works located?

answer: Schenectady, New York

text: Schenectady, New York

question: Who provided financial backing for the Edison Lighting Company?

answer: J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family

text: J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family

question: In what year did Drexel, Morgan & Co. begin to finance Edison's research and form Edison General Electric Company?

answer: 1889

question: What was the name of the company that held the patents from Edison's research?

answer: Edison Electric Light Company

text: Edison Electric Light Company

question: In what year was Thomas Edison born?

question: In what city was Bergmann & Company headquartered?

text: East Newark

question: In what city was Drexel, Morgan & Co based?

text: Schenectady, New York

question: In what year did J.P. Morgan first meet Thomas Edison?

question: In what city was Edison Electric Light Company incorporated?

text: East Newark


text: Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the Universitätsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Bern

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: libraries

text: These

text: libraries

text: include

text: the

text: Schweiz

text: Nationalbibliothek/

text: Bibliothèque

text: nationale

text: suisse

text: the

text: Universitätsbibliothek

text: Bern

text: the

text: Kornhausbibliotheken

text: Bern

text: the

text: BFH

text: Wirtschaft

text: und

text: Verwaltung

text: Bern

text: the

text: BFH

text: Gesundheit

text: the

text: BFH

text: Soziale

text: Arbeit

text: the

text: Hochschule

text: der

text: Künste

text: Bern

text: Gestaltung

text: und

text: Kunst

text: and

text: the

text: Hochschule

text: der

text: Künste

text: Bern

text: Musikbibliothek

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: combined

text: total

text: as

text: of

text: of

text: books

text: or

text: other

text: media

text: in

text: the

text: libraries

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: items

text: were

text: loaned

text: out

question: How many libraries are in Bern?

answer: 8


text: Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Both

text: finalists

text: found

text: success

text: after

text: the

text: show

text: but

text: Aiken

text: out

text: performed

text: Studdard

text: 's

text: coronation

text: song

text: Flying

text: Without

text: Wings

text: with

text: his

text: single

text: release

text: from

text: the

text: show

text: This

text: Is

text: the

text: Night

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: their

text: subsequent

text: album

text: releases

text: The

text: fourth

text: place

text: finisher

text: Josh

text: Gracin

text: also

text: enjoyed

text: some

text: success

text: as

text: a

text: country

text: singer

question: What is the first song that Ruben Studdard released after winning American Idol?

answer: Flying Without Wings

text: Flying Without Wings

question: What contestant came in fourth on season two of American Idol?

answer: Josh Gracin

text: Josh Gracin

question: What song did Clay Aiken first release after losing American Idol?

answer: This Is the Night

text: This Is the Night

question: What was the name of Studdard's coronation song?

answer: Flying Without Wings

text: Flying Without Wings

question: What was Aiken's single release named?

answer: This Is the Night

text: This Is the Night

question: Which of the final two had more success with his first album?

answer: Aiken

text: Aiken

question: Who finished fourth on season two?

answer: Josh Gracin

text: Josh Gracin


text: On 23 February, the 28th Marine Regiment reached the summit of Suribachi, prompting the now famous Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima picture. Navy Secretary James Forrestal, upon seeing the flag, remarked "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years." The flag raising is often cited as the most reproduced photograph of all time and became the archetypal representation not only of that battle, but of the entire Pacific War. For the rest of February, the Americans pushed north, and by 1 March, had taken two-thirds of the island. But it was not until 26 March that the island was finally secured. The Japanese fought to the last man, killing 6,800 Marines and wounding nearly 20,000 more. The Japanese losses totaled well over 20,000 men killed, and only 1,083 prisoners were taken. Historians debate whether it was strategically worth the casualties sustained.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: Marine

text: Regiment

text: reached

text: the

text: summit

text: of

text: Suribachi

text: prompting

text: the

text: now

text: famous

text: Raising

text: the

text: Flag

text: on

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: picture

text: Navy

text: Secretary

text: James

text: Forrestal

text: upon

text: seeing

text: the

text: flag

text: remarked

text: there

text: will

text: be

text: a

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: The

text: flag

text: raising

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: reproduced

text: photograph

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: archetypal

text: representation

text: not

text: only

text: of

text: that

text: battle

text: but

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: Pacific

text: War

text: For

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: February

text: the

text: Americans

text: pushed

text: north

text: and

text: by

text: March

text: had

text: taken

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: But

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: March

text: that

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: finally

text: secured

text: The

text: Japanese

text: fought

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: man

text: killing

text: Marines

text: and

text: wounding

text: nearly

text: more

text: The

text: Japanese

text: losses

text: totaled

text: well

text: over

text: men

text: killed

text: and

text: only

text: prisoners

text: were

text: taken

text: Historians

text: debate

text: whether

text: it

text: was

text: strategically

text: worth

text: the

text: casualties

text: sustained

question: What marine regiment reached the summit of Mount Suribachi?

answer: 28th

question: When was the summit of Mount Suribachi reached by U.S. marines?

answer: 23 February

text: 23 February

question: Who said "there will be a Marine Corps for the next 500 years"?

answer: Navy Secretary James Forrestal

text: Navy Secretary James Forrestal

question: When was the island of Iwo Jima secured by the Americans?

answer: 26 March

text: 26 March

question: How many Japanese prisoners were taken on Iwo Jima?

answer: 1,083


text: Animals have several characteristics that set them apart from other living things. Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular, which separates them from bacteria and most protists. They are heterotrophic, generally digesting food in an internal chamber, which separates them from plants and algae. They are also distinguished from plants, algae, and fungi by lacking rigid cell walls. All animals are motile, if only at certain life stages. In most animals, embryos pass through a blastula stage, which is a characteristic exclusive to animals.

title: Animal

title: Animal

text: Animals

text: have

text: several

text: characteristics

text: that

text: set

text: them

text: apart

text: from

text: other

text: living

text: things

text: Animals

text: are

text: eukaryotic

text: and

text: multicellular

text: which

text: separates

text: them

text: from

text: bacteria

text: and

text: most

text: protists

text: They

text: are

text: heterotrophic

text: generally

text: digesting

text: food

text: in

text: an

text: internal

text: chamber

text: which

text: separates

text: them

text: from

text: plants

text: and

text: algae

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: distinguished

text: from

text: plants

text: algae

text: and

text: fungi

text: by

text: lacking

text: rigid

text: cell

text: walls

text: All

text: animals

text: are

text: motile

text: if

text: only

text: at

text: certain

text: life

text: stages

text: In

text: most

text: animals

text: embryos

text: pass

text: through

text: a

text: blastula

text: stage

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: characteristic

text: exclusive

text: to

text: animals

question: What sets animals apart from bacteria  and most protists?

answer: Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular

text: Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular

question: What are organisms called that digest food in an internal chamber?

answer: heterotrophic

text: heterotrophic

question: What is another way in which animals are distinguished from plants and algae?

answer: lacking rigid cell walls

text: lacking rigid cell walls

question: The blastula stage is a characteristic exclusive to what organism?

answer: animals

text: animals


text: In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwestern Anatolia. The important city of Thessaloniki was captured from the Venetians in 1387. The Ottoman victory at Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe. The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Osman

text: I

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: began

text: to

text: extend

text: over

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Osman

text: 's

text: son

text: Orhan

text: captured

text: the

text: northwestern

text: Anatolian

text: city

text: of

text: Bursa

text: in

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: state

text: This

text: Ottoman

text: conquest

text: meant

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: Byzantine

text: control

text: over

text: northwestern

text: Anatolia

text: The

text: important

text: city

text: of

text: Thessaloniki

text: was

text: captured

text: from

text: the

text: Venetians

text: in

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: victory

text: at

text: Kosovo

text: in

text: effectively

text: marked

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Serbian

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: paving

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: Ottoman

text: expansion

text: into

text: Europe

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Nicopolis

text: in

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: last

text: large

text: scale

text: crusade

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: failed

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: victorious

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

question: Which city did Osman's son capture?

answer: Bursa

text: Bursa

question: In what year did Osman's son capture an Anatolian city?

answer: 1324

question: What was the name of the son of Osman that captured an Anatolian city?

answer: Orhan

text: Orhan

question: What city was captured from the Venetians in 1387?

answer: Thessaloniki

text: Thessaloniki

question: In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo?

answer: 1389


text: The most important river in Thuringia is the Saale (a tributary of the Elbe) with its tributaries Unstrut, Ilm and Weiße Elster, draining the most parts of Thuringia and the Werra (the headwater of the Weser), draining the south-west and west of the Land. Furthermore, some small parts on the southern border are drained by tributaries of the Main (a tributary of the Rhine). There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia, but it does have some of Germany's biggest dams including the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam at Saale river same as the Leibis-Lichte Dam and the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station within the Highland. Thuringia is Germany's only state without connection to navigable waterways.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: river

text: in

text: Thuringia

text: is

text: the

text: Saale

text: a

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Elbe

text: with

text: its

text: tributaries

text: Unstrut

text: Ilm

text: and

text: Weiße

text: Elster

text: draining

text: the

text: most

text: parts

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: and

text: the

text: Werra

text: the

text: headwater

text: of

text: the

text: Weser

text: draining

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Land

text: Furthermore

text: some

text: small

text: parts

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: are

text: drained

text: by

text: tributaries

text: of

text: the

text: Main

text: a

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: large

text: natural

text: lakes

text: in

text: Thuringia

text: but

text: it

text: does

text: have

text: some

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: biggest

text: dams

text: including

text: the

text: Bleiloch

text: Dam

text: and

text: the

text: Hohenwarte

text: Dam

text: at

text: Saale

text: river

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: Leibis

text: Lichte

text: Dam

text: and

text: the

text: Goldisthal

text: Pumped

text: Storage

text: Station

text: within

text: the

text: Highland

text: Thuringia

text: is

text: Germany

text: 's

text: only

text: state

text: without

text: connection

text: to

text: navigable

text: waterways

question: Which river in Thuringia is the most important?

answer: the Saale

text: the Saale

question: Are there any large lakes in Thuringia?

answer: There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia

text: There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia

question: What are some of the large dams located in Thuringia?

answer: the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam

text: the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam

question: Which tributary is located on the southern border?

answer: the Main (a tributary of the Rhine)

text: the Main (a tributary of the Rhine)

question: Which river in Thuringia is the least important?

text: the Saale

question: What are some of the broken dams located in Thuringia?

text: Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam

question: Which tributary is located on the northern border?

text: the Main (a tributary of the Rhine)

question: What has some of Spain's biggest dams?

text: Thuringia


text: Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium (such as the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) are currently undergoing a process of academization. They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Hogeschool

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: Flemish

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Erasmus

text: Hogeschool

text: Brussel

text: are

text: currently

text: undergoing

text: a

text: process

text: of

text: academization

text: They

text: form

text: associations

text: with

text: a

text: university

text: and

text: integrate

text: research

text: into

text: the

text: curriculum

text: which

text: will

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: deliver

text: academic

text: master

text: 's

text: degrees

question: What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?

answer: academization

text: academization


text: Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: Beginning

text: roughly

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Florence

text: and

text: later

text: spreading

text: through

text: Europe

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: a

text: Renaissance

text: of

text: knowledge

text: challenged

text: traditional

text: doctrines

text: in

text: science

text: and

text: theology

text: with

text: the

text: Arabic

text: texts

text: and

text: thought

text: bringing

text: about

text: rediscovery

text: of

text: classical

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: knowledge

question: When was the start of the period known as the Renaissance?

answer: 14th century

text: 14th century

question: In what city did the Renaissance begin?

answer: Florence

text: Florence

question: What areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the Renaissance?

answer: science and theology

text: science and theology

question: The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?

answer: Greek and Roman

text: Greek and Roman

question: When was the start of the period known as Greek and Roman?

text: 14th century

question: What city discovered lost Arabic texts?

text: Florence

question: What areas of knowledge stagnated during the Renaissance?

text: science and theology

question: The encounter with the Florence printing press put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which civilizations?

text: Greek and Roman

question: What brought about rediscovery of printing press knowledge?

text: Arabic texts


text: METRO Transit is the city's public transit company. The main transfer terminal is located downtown at NW 5th Street and Hudson Avenue. METRO Transit maintains limited coverage of the city's main street grid using a hub-and-spoke system from the main terminal, making many journeys impractical due to the rather small number of bus routes offered and that most trips require a transfer downtown. The city has recognized that transit as a major issue for the rapidly growing and urbanizing city and has initiated several studies in recent times to improve upon the existing bus system starting with a plan known as the Fixed Guideway Study. This study identified several potential commuter transit routes from the suburbs into downtown OKC as well as feeder-line bus and/or rail routes throughout the city.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: METRO

text: Transit

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: public

text: transit

text: company

text: The

text: main

text: transfer

text: terminal

text: is

text: located

text: downtown

text: at

text: NW

text: Street

text: and

text: Hudson

text: Avenue

text: METRO

text: Transit

text: maintains

text: limited

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: main

text: street

text: grid

text: using

text: a

text: hub

text: and

text: spoke

text: system

text: from

text: the

text: main

text: terminal

text: making

text: many

text: journeys

text: impractical

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: rather

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: bus

text: routes

text: offered

text: and

text: that

text: most

text: trips

text: require

text: a

text: transfer

text: downtown

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: recognized

text: that

text: transit

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: issue

text: for

text: the

text: rapidly

text: growing

text: and

text: urbanizing

text: city

text: and

text: has

text: initiated

text: several

text: studies

text: in

text: recent

text: times

text: to

text: improve

text: upon

text: the

text: existing

text: bus

text: system

text: starting

text: with

text: a

text: plan

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Fixed

text: Guideway

text: Study

text: This

text: study

text: identified

text: several

text: potential

text: commuter

text: transit

text: routes

text: from

text: the

text: suburbs

text: into

text: downtown

text: OKC

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: feeder

text: line

text: bus

text: and/or

text: rail

text: routes

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

question: What is Oklahoma Cities transit company?

answer: METRO Transit

text: METRO Transit

question: What is the name of the plan that is being made to enhance the bus system?

answer: Fixed Guideway Study

text: Fixed Guideway Study


text: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; "Apology to Constantius", the "Apology for his Flight", the "Letter to the Monks", and the "History of the Arians".

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Through

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Eusebian

text: faction

text: at

text: Constantinople

text: an

text: Arian

text: bishop

text: George

text: of

text: Cappadocia

text: was

text: now

text: appointed

text: to

text: rule

text: the

text: see

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: Athanasius

text: after

text: remaining

text: some

text: days

text: in

text: the

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: finally

text: withdrew

text: into

text: the

text: desert

text: of

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: where

text: he

text: remained

text: for

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: six

text: years

text: living

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: monks

text: devoting

text: himself

text: to

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: writings

text: Apology

text: to

text: Constantius

text: the

text: Apology

text: for

text: his

text: Flight

text: the

text: Letter

text: to

text: the

text: Monks

text: and

text: the

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Arians

question: Where did Athanasius remain for 6 years while living as a monk?

answer: Upper Egypt

text: Upper Egypt

question: What is name of one of the compositions composed by Athanasius while he lived as a monk?

answer: Letter to the Monks

text: Letter to the Monks

question: Who took over after Athanasius?

answer: George of Cappadocia

text: George of Cappadocia

question: Who influenced George of Cappadocia to become the new ruler?

answer: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople

text: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople

question: Who was appointed to rule the see of Alexandria?

answer: George of Cappadocia

text: George of Cappadocia

question: To where did Saint Athanasius withdraw?

answer: the desert of Upper Egypt

text: the desert of Upper Egypt

question: How long did he spend in the desert?

answer: six years

text: six years

question: What is one thing he wrote during this time?

answer: Apology to Constantius

text: Apology to Constantius

question: Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia?

answer: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople

text: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople

question: Who wrote "Gratitude for his Flight"?

text: Alexandria

question: Who wrote "Future of the Arians"?

text: Athanasius

question: Who wrote "Gratitude to Constantius"?

text: monks


text: 10th Street (40°44′03″N 74°00′11″W / 40.7342580°N 74.0029670°W / 40.7342580; -74.0029670) begins at the FDR Drive and Avenue C. West of Sixth Avenue, it turns southward about 40 degrees to join the Greenwich Village street grid and continue to West Street on the Hudson River. Because West 4th Street turns northward at Sixth Avenue, it intersects 10th, 11th and 12th and 13th Streets in the West Village. The M8 bus operates on 10th Street in both directions between Avenue D and Avenue A, and eastbound between West Street and Sixth Avenue. 10th Street has an eastbound bike lane from West Street to the East River. In 2009, the two-way section of 10th Street between Avenue A and the East River had bicycle markings and sharrows installed, but it still has no dedicated bike lane. West 10th Street was previously named Amos Street for Richard Amos. The end of West 10th Street toward the Hudson River was once the home of Newgate Prison, New York City's first prison and the United States' second.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: N

text: W

text: begins

text: at

text: the

text: FDR

text: Drive

text: and

text: Avenue

text: C.

text: West

text: of

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: it

text: turns

text: southward

text: about

text: degrees

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: street

text: grid

text: and

text: continue

text: to

text: West

text: Street

text: on

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: Because

text: West

text: Street

text: turns

text: northward

text: at

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: it

text: intersects

text: and

text: and

text: Streets

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Village

text: The

text: bus

text: operates

text: on

text: Street

text: in

text: both

text: directions

text: between

text: Avenue

text: D

text: and

text: Avenue

text: A

text: and

text: eastbound

text: between

text: West

text: Street

text: and

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: Street

text: has

text: an

text: eastbound

text: bike

text: lane

text: from

text: West

text: Street

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: River

text: In

text: the

text: two

text: way

text: section

text: of

text: Street

text: between

text: Avenue

text: A

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: River

text: had

text: bicycle

text: markings

text: and

text: sharrows

text: installed

text: but

text: it

text: still

text: has

text: no

text: dedicated

text: bike

text: lane

text: West

text: Street

text: was

text: previously

text: named

text: Amos

text: Street

text: for

text: Richard

text: Amos

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: West

text: Street

text: toward

text: the

text: Hudson

text: River

text: was

text: once

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Newgate

text: Prison

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: first

text: prison

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: second

question: Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave?

answer: M8

question: Does the two-way section of 10th Street have a dedicated bike lane?

answer: no

text: no

question: The end of what road was once home to Newgate Prison?

answer: West 10th Street

text: West 10th Street

question: Which prison was New York City's first?

answer: Newgate Prison

text: Newgate Prison

question: What was the name of the United States' second prison?

answer: Newgate Prison

text: Newgate Prison


text: Many components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ; but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.

title: Immunology

title: Immunology

text: Many

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system

text: are

text: typically

text: cellular

text: in

text: nature

text: and

text: not

text: associated

text: with

text: any

text: specific

text: organ

text: but

text: rather

text: are

text: embedded

text: or

text: circulating

text: in

text: various

text: tissues

text: located

text: throughout

text: the

text: body

question: The structure of immune system components can be described as what?

answer: typically cellular in nature

text: typically cellular in nature

question: Are immune tissues typically fixed with specific organs usually?

answer: not associated with any specific organ

text: not associated with any specific organ

question: What is one way the cellular structures of the immune system are housed in the body?

answer: embedded

text: embedded

question: What is another way these tissues are housed within the body?

answer: circulating

text: circulating


text: In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% people under 15 years and 20.2% pensioners. The average age of a Palermo resident is 40.4 compared to the Italian average of 42.8. In the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of Palermo declined by 4.5%, while the population of Italy, as a whole, grew by 6.0%. The reason for Palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to Northern Italy. The current birth rate of Palermo is 10.2 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.3 births.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: million

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: greater

text: Palermo

text: area

text: of

text: which

text: resided

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: boundaries

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: male

text: and

text: were

text: female

text: People

text: under

text: age

text: totalled

text: compared

text: to

text: pensioners

text: who

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: This

text: compares

text: with

text: the

text: Italian

text: average

text: of

text: people

text: under

text: years

text: and

text: pensioners

text: The

text: average

text: age

text: of

text: a

text: Palermo

text: resident

text: is

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: Italian

text: average

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: ten

text: years

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Palermo

text: declined

text: by

text: while

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Italy

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: grew

text: by

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: Palermo

text: 's

text: decline

text: is

text: a

text: population

text: flight

text: to

text: the

text: suburbs

text: and

text: to

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: The

text: current

text: birth

text: rate

text: of

text: Palermo

text: is

text: births

text: per

text: inhabitants

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: Italian

text: average

text: of

text: births

question: How many people were living in the Palermo area in 2010?

answer: 1.2 million

text: 1.2 million

question: What percentage of Palermo residents were female in 2010?

answer: 52.6%

question: What is the average age of a Palermo resident?

answer: 40.4

question: Why has Palermo's population declined from 2001 to 2010?

answer: population flight to the suburbs

text: population flight to the suburbs

question: In what year were there 1.2 million homes in the Palermo area?

question: What is 47.4% female?

question: Who's average age is 42.8 in Palermo?

text: resident

question: What has increased in Palermo from 2001 to 2010?

text: population

question: Who has a slightly higher birth rate than Palermo?

text: Italy


text: The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1276. Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay. This would later serve as a strong defensive point against the Mongols. The Mongols attempted to settle matters in a diplomatic way from 1275 to 1279, but every envoy sent to Japan was executed. This set the stage for one of the most famous engagements in Japanese history.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: The

text: Japanese

text: defenders

text: recognized

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: a

text: renewed

text: invasion

text: and

text: began

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: great

text: stone

text: barrier

text: around

text: Hakata

text: Bay

text: in

text: Completed

text: in

text: this

text: wall

text: stretched

text: for

text: kilometers

text: around

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: bay

text: This

text: would

text: later

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: strong

text: defensive

text: point

text: against

text: the

text: Mongols

text: The

text: Mongols

text: attempted

text: to

text: settle

text: matters

text: in

text: a

text: diplomatic

text: way

text: from

text: to

text: but

text: every

text: envoy

text: sent

text: to

text: Japan

text: was

text: executed

text: This

text: set

text: the

text: stage

text: for

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: engagements

text: in

text: Japanese

text: history

question: What was built around Hakata Bay?

answer: a great stone barrier

text: a great stone barrier

question: When did Japan begin building the Hakata Bay barrier?

answer: 1276

question: When did Japan finish building the Hakata Bay barrier?

answer: 1277

question: How long was the Hakata Bay barrier?

answer: 20 kilometers

text: 20 kilometers

question: What happened to diplomatic envoys the Mongols sent to Japan?

answer: executed

text: executed


text: In the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized on April 20 and 14 to May 23, in the 199 remaining constituencies where the required absolute majority was not attained. While most CPSU-endorsed candidates were elected, more than 300 lost to independent candidates such as Yeltsin, physicist Andrei Sakharov and lawyer Anatoly Sobchak.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: the

text: March

text: general

text: elections

text: voter

text: participation

text: was

text: an

text: impressive

text: and

text: including

text: district

text: seats

text: of

text: the

text: CPD

text: seats

text: were

text: filled

text: In

text: district

text: races

text: run

text: off

text: elections

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: constituencies

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: and

text: fresh

text: elections

text: were

text: organized

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: to

text: May

text: in

text: the

text: remaining

text: constituencies

text: where

text: the

text: required

text: absolute

text: majority

text: was

text: not

text: attained

text: While

text: most

text: CPSU

text: endorsed

text: candidates

text: were

text: elected

text: more

text: than

text: lost

text: to

text: independent

text: candidates

text: such

text: as

text: Yeltsin

text: physicist

text: Andrei

text: Sakharov

text: and

text: lawyer

text: Anatoly

text: Sobchak

question: What percentage of people voted on March 26?

answer: 89.8%

question: How many constituencies had run-off elections?

answer: 76

question: How many CPSU endorsement having candidates lost to independents?

answer: more than 300

text: more than 300


text: Due to recording mastering and manufacturing limitations, both high and low frequencies were removed from the first recorded signals by various formulae. With low frequencies, the stylus must swing a long way from side to side, requiring the groove to be wide, taking up more space and limiting the playing time of the record. At high frequencies, hiss, pops, and ticks are significant. These problems can be reduced by using equalization to an agreed standard. During recording the amplitude of low frequencies is reduced, thus reducing the groove width required, and the amplitude at high frequencies is increased. The playback equipment boosts bass and cuts treble so as to restore the tonal balance in the original signal; this also reduces the high frequency noise. Thus more music will fit on the record, and noise is reduced.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Due

text: to

text: recording

text: mastering

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: limitations

text: both

text: high

text: and

text: low

text: frequencies

text: were

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: recorded

text: signals

text: by

text: various

text: formulae

text: With

text: low

text: frequencies

text: the

text: stylus

text: must

text: swing

text: a

text: long

text: way

text: from

text: side

text: to

text: side

text: requiring

text: the

text: groove

text: to

text: be

text: wide

text: taking

text: up

text: more

text: space

text: and

text: limiting

text: the

text: playing

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: record

text: At

text: high

text: frequencies

text: hiss

text: pops

text: and

text: ticks

text: are

text: significant

text: These

text: problems

text: can

text: be

text: reduced

text: by

text: using

text: equalization

text: to

text: an

text: agreed

text: standard

text: During

text: recording

text: the

text: amplitude

text: of

text: low

text: frequencies

text: is

text: reduced

text: thus

text: reducing

text: the

text: groove

text: width

text: required

text: and

text: the

text: amplitude

text: at

text: high

text: frequencies

text: is

text: increased

text: The

text: playback

text: equipment

text: boosts

text: bass

text: and

text: cuts

text: treble

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: restore

text: the

text: tonal

text: balance

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: signal

text: this

text: also

text: reduces

text: the

text: high

text: frequency

text: noise

text: Thus

text: more

text: music

text: will

text: fit

text: on

text: the

text: record

text: and

text: noise

text: is

text: reduced

question: What is a limitation of low frequency recordings?

answer: limiting the playing time

text: limiting the playing time

question: What kinds of unwanted sounds are often heard at high frequencies?

answer: hiss, pops, and ticks

text: hiss, pops, and ticks

question: What is done during recordings to help reduce unwanted sounds?

answer: amplitude of low frequencies is reduced

text: amplitude of low frequencies is reduced

question: What is a benefit of using equalization devices?

answer: problems can be reduced

text: problems can be reduced

question: What is done to high frequency  sounds to lessen sound issues?

answer: amplitude at high frequencies is increased

text: amplitude at high frequencies is increased


text: In 2007, the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0.5 metres. With the existing user terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m (100m, uncalibrated).

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: In

text: the

text: official

text: Xinhua

text: News

text: Agency

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: BeiDou

text: system

text: was

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: metres

text: With

text: the

text: existing

text: user

text: terminals

text: it

text: appears

text: that

text: the

text: calibrated

text: accuracy

text: is

text: m

text: m

text: uncalibrated

question: In 2007, what was the reported resolution of the BeiDou system?

answer: as high as 0.5 metres

text: as high as 0.5 metres

question: What is the calibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?

answer: 20m

question: What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou system?

answer: 100m

question: Who reported the resolution of the BeiDou system in 2007?

answer: the official Xinhua News Agency

text: the official Xinhua News Agency

question: According to which news agency was the BeiDou resolution as high as .7 metres?

text: Xinhua News Agency

question: In 2008, the XinHuang News Agency reported the resolution of the BeiDou System as how high?

text: 0.5 metres

question: There are no terminals, but the calibration accuracy is still what?

question: According to which news agency was the BeiDou-1X monitor resolution as high as .08 metres?

text: Xinhua News Agency

question: What is the uncalibrated accuracy of the BeiDou second generation system?


text: By the 1950s the success of digital electronic computers had spelled the end for most analog computing machines, but analog computers remain in use in some specialized applications such as education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: By

text: the

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: digital

text: electronic

text: computers

text: had

text: spelled

text: the

text: end

text: for

text: most

text: analog

text: computing

text: machines

text: but

text: analog

text: computers

text: remain

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: some

text: specialized

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: education

text: control

text: systems

text: and

text: aircraft

text: slide

text: rule

question: By what decade were analog computing devices rendered obsolete?

answer: 50s

question: Analog computers remain in use in what industries?

answer: education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).

text: education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).


text: The AFL also had a regional-cable deal with FSN, where FSN regional affiliates in AFL markets carried local team games. In some areas, such as with the Arizona Rattlers, Fox Sports affiliates still carry the games.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: The

text: AFL

text: also

text: had

text: a

text: regional

text: cable

text: deal

text: with

text: FSN

text: where

text: FSN

text: regional

text: affiliates

text: in

text: AFL

text: markets

text: carried

text: local

text: team

text: games

text: In

text: some

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: Arizona

text: Rattlers

text: Fox

text: Sports

text: affiliates

text: still

text: carry

text: the

text: games

question: Affiliates of what network broadcast Arizona Rattlers games?

answer: Fox Sports

text: Fox Sports

question: What cable network did the AFL sign a regional contract with?

answer: FSN

text: FSN


text: In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower – not Marshall – would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: December

text: President

text: Roosevelt

text: decided

text: that

text: Eisenhower

text: not

text: Marshall

text: would

text: be

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: following

text: month

text: he

text: resumed

text: command

text: of

text: ETOUSA

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: month

text: was

text: officially

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Allied

text: Expeditionary

text: Force

text: SHAEF

text: serving

text: in

text: a

text: dual

text: role

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: hostilities

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: May

text: He

text: was

text: charged

text: in

text: these

text: positions

text: with

text: planning

text: and

text: carrying

text: out

text: the

text: Allied

text: assault

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Normandy

text: in

text: June

text: under

text: the

text: code

text: name

text: Operation

text: Overlord

text: the

text: liberation

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Germany

question: Other than Eisenhower, who was considered for the appointment of Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?

answer: Marshall

text: Marshall

question: What did SHAEF stand for?

answer: Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force

text: Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force

question: Who appointed Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?

answer: Roosevelt

text: Roosevelt

question: What was the Allied invasion of Normandy called?

answer: Operation Overlord

text: Operation Overlord

question: When did Operation Overlord take place?

answer: June 1944

text: June 1944


text: At this point, Fox whispered that there was "no loss of friendship". "I regret to say there is", Burke replied, "I have indeed made a great sacrifice; I have done my duty though I have lost my friend. There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches". This provoked a reply from Fox, yet he was unable to give his speech for some time since he was overcome with tears and emotion, he appealed to Burke to remember their inalienable friendship, but also repeated his criticisms of Burke and uttered "unusually bitter sarcasms". This only aggravated the rupture between the two men. Burke demonstrated his separation from the party on 5 June 1791 by writing to Fitzwilliam, declining money from him.

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: At

text: this

text: point

text: Fox

text: whispered

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: loss

text: of

text: friendship

text: I

text: regret

text: to

text: say

text: there

text: is

text: Burke

text: replied

text: I

text: have

text: indeed

text: made

text: a

text: great

text: sacrifice

text: I

text: have

text: done

text: my

text: duty

text: though

text: I

text: have

text: lost

text: my

text: friend

text: There

text: is

text: something

text: in

text: the

text: detested

text: French

text: constitution

text: that

text: envenoms

text: every

text: thing

text: it

text: touches

text: This

text: provoked

text: a

text: reply

text: from

text: Fox

text: yet

text: he

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: give

text: his

text: speech

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: since

text: he

text: was

text: overcome

text: with

text: tears

text: and

text: emotion

text: he

text: appealed

text: to

text: Burke

text: to

text: remember

text: their

text: inalienable

text: friendship

text: but

text: also

text: repeated

text: his

text: criticisms

text: of

text: Burke

text: and

text: uttered

text: unusually

text: bitter

text: sarcasms

text: This

text: only

text: aggravated

text: the

text: rupture

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: men

text: Burke

text: demonstrated

text: his

text: separation

text: from

text: the

text: party

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: writing

text: to

text: Fitzwilliam

text: declining

text: money

text: from

text: him

question: When did Burke leave the Whig party?

answer: 5 June 1791

text: 5 June 1791

question: Who did Burke turn down money from?

answer: Fitzwilliam

text: Fitzwilliam

question: What did Burke say 'envenoms everything it touches'?

answer: French constitution

text: French constitution

question: Who thought that Fox and Burke could still be friends?

answer: Fox

text: Fox

question: Who thought that Fox and Burke's friendship was lost?

answer: Burke

text: Burke

question: Who declined taking money from Burke?

text: Fitzwilliam

question: When did Burke leave the party?

text: 5 June 1791

question: Who kept their friend at the cost of their duty?

text: Burke

question: What did Fox say about the French constitution?

text: that envenoms every thing it touches

question: Who overcame his emotions in order to finish his speech?

text: Fox


text: A wrestling match may be declared a no contest if the winning conditions are unable to occur. This can be due to excessive interference, loss of referee's control over the match, one or more participants sustaining debilitating injury not caused by the opponent, or the inability of a scheduled match to even begin. A no contest is a state separate and distinct from a draw — a draw indicates winning conditions were met. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in practice, this usage is technically incorrect.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: A

text: wrestling

text: match

text: may

text: be

text: declared

text: a

text: no

text: contest

text: if

text: the

text: winning

text: conditions

text: are

text: unable

text: to

text: occur

text: This

text: can

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: excessive

text: interference

text: loss

text: of

text: referee

text: 's

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: match

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: participants

text: sustaining

text: debilitating

text: injury

text: not

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: opponent

text: or

text: the

text: inability

text: of

text: a

text: scheduled

text: match

text: to

text: even

text: begin

text: A

text: no

text: contest

text: is

text: a

text: state

text: separate

text: and

text: distinct

text: from

text: a

text: draw

text: a

text: draw

text: indicates

text: winning

text: conditions

text: were

text: met

text: Although

text: the

text: terms

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: in

text: practice

text: this

text: usage

text: is

text: technically

text: incorrect

question: What kind of injury can cause a no contest ruling?

answer: debilitating

text: debilitating

question: How is no contest related to a draw, if at all?

answer: state separate and distinct from a draw

text: state separate and distinct from a draw

question: How can a referee's action result in a no contest?

answer: loss of referee's control over the match

text: loss of referee's control over the match