text: During the Miocene continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Of the modern geologic features, only the land bridge between South America and North America was absent, the subduction zone along the Pacific Ocean margin of South America caused the rise of the Andes and the southward extension of the Meso-American peninsula. India continued to collide with Asia. The Tethys Seaway continued to shrink and then disappeared as Africa collided with Eurasia in the Turkish-Arabian region between 19 and 12 Ma (ICS 2004). Subsequent uplift of mountains in the western Mediterranean region and a global fall in sea levels combined to cause a temporary drying up of the Mediterranean Sea resulting in the Messinian salinity crisis near the end of the Miocene.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: During

text: the

text: Miocene

text: continents

text: continued

text: to

text: drift

text: toward

text: their

text: present

text: positions

text: Of

text: the

text: modern

text: geologic

text: features

text: only

text: the

text: land

text: bridge

text: between

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: was

text: absent

text: the

text: subduction

text: zone

text: along

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: margin

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: caused

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: and

text: the

text: southward

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Meso

text: American

text: peninsula

text: India

text: continued

text: to

text: collide

text: with

text: Asia

text: The

text: Tethys

text: Seaway

text: continued

text: to

text: shrink

text: and

text: then

text: disappeared

text: as

text: Africa

text: collided

text: with

text: Eurasia

text: in

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Arabian

text: region

text: between

text: and

text: Ma

text: ICS

text: Subsequent

text: uplift

text: of

text: mountains

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: and

text: a

text: global

text: fall

text: in

text: sea

text: levels

text: combined

text: to

text: cause

text: a

text: temporary

text: drying

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Messinian

text: salinity

text: crisis

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Miocene

question: The formation of which mountain range was the result of of what zone along the Pacific Ocean side of South America?

answer: the Andes

text: the Andes

question: Which continent was India colliding with in the Miocene?

answer: Asia

text: Asia

question: When Africa was colliding with Eurasia which seaway ceased to be during the Miocene?

answer: The Tethys Seaway

text: The Tethys Seaway

question: Between what period of time did the Tethys disappear?

answer: 19 and 12 Ma

text: 19 and 12 Ma

question: Which crisis occured towards the end of the Miocene period?

answer: Messinian salinity crisis

text: Messinian salinity crisis

question: What bridge was present during the Miocene?

question: What seaway opened as Africa collided with Eurasia?

text: The Tethys Seaway

question: When did the Tethys Seaway open?

text: 19 and 12 Ma

question: What caused rain to increase in the Mediterranean

text: uplift of mountains


text: The Heian period (平安時代, Heian jidai?) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height. The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially poetry and literature. Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface, the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family. Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family. Heian (平安?) means "peace" in Japanese.

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: The

text: Heian

text: period

text: 平安時代

text: Heian

text: jidai

text: is

text: the

text: last

text: division

text: of

text: classical

text: Japanese

text: history

text: running

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: period

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Heian

text: kyō

text: or

text: modern

text: Kyōto

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: Japanese

text: history

text: when

text: Buddhism

text: Taoism

text: and

text: other

text: Chinese

text: influences

text: were

text: at

text: their

text: height

text: The

text: Heian

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: imperial

text: court

text: and

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: art

text: especially

text: poetry

text: and

text: literature

text: Although

text: the

text: Imperial

text: House

text: of

text: Japan

text: had

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: the

text: real

text: power

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: clan

text: a

text: powerful

text: aristocratic

text: family

text: who

text: had

text: intermarried

text: with

text: the

text: imperial

text: family

text: Many

text: emperors

text: actually

text: had

text: mothers

text: from

text: the

text: Fujiwara

text: family

text: Heian

text: 平安

text: means

text: peace

text: in

text: Japanese

question: What is the name of the last period of classical Japanese history?

answer: Heian

text: Heian

question: The Heian period is named after what city?

answer: Heian-kyō

text: Heian-kyō

question: What does heian mean in Japanese?

answer: peace

text: peace

question: What was the name of the prominent clan during the Heian period?

answer: Fujiwara

text: Fujiwara

question: The Heian period was known for what types of art?

answer: poetry and literature

text: poetry and literature

question: What period marks the end of Japanese history?

text: Heian period

question: What Japanese dynasty was named after the city of Heian-kyo?

text: The Heian

question: What Chinese influences where waning in the Heian period?

text: Buddhism, Taoism

question: What was declining along with the imperial court?

text: art, especially poetry and literature

question: What family did many Japanese Emperors belong to?

text: Fujiwara


text: In India, Carnival is celebrated only in the state of Goa and a Roman Catholic tradition, where it is known as Intruz which means swindler while Entrudo, the appropriate word in Portuguese for Carnival. The largest celebration takes place in the city of Panjim which was part of Velha Conquista, Goa, but now is celebrate throughout the state. The tradition was introduced by the Portuguese who ruled Goa for over four centuries. On Tuesday preceding Ash Wednesday, the European Tradition of Fat Tuesday is celebrated with the partaking of eating of crepes also called as "AleBelle." The crepes are filled with freshly grated coconut and heat condensed coconut sap that sequentially converts it into a brown sweet molasses and additional heat concentration solidifies it to jaggery. The celebrations of Carnival peak for three days and nights and precede Ash Wednesday. When the legendary King Momo takes over the state. All-night parades occur throughout the state with bands, dances and floats and grand balls are held in the evenings.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: In

text: India

text: Carnival

text: is

text: celebrated

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Goa

text: and

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: tradition

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Intruz

text: which

text: means

text: swindler

text: while

text: Entrudo

text: the

text: appropriate

text: word

text: in

text: Portuguese

text: for

text: Carnival

text: The

text: largest

text: celebration

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Panjim

text: which

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Velha

text: Conquista

text: Goa

text: but

text: now

text: is

text: celebrate

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: tradition

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: who

text: ruled

text: Goa

text: for

text: over

text: four

text: centuries

text: On

text: Tuesday

text: preceding

text: Ash

text: Wednesday

text: the

text: European

text: Tradition

text: of

text: Fat

text: Tuesday

text: is

text: celebrated

text: with

text: the

text: partaking

text: of

text: eating

text: of

text: crepes

text: also

text: called

text: as

text: AleBelle

text: The

text: crepes

text: are

text: filled

text: with

text: freshly

text: grated

text: coconut

text: and

text: heat

text: condensed

text: coconut

text: sap

text: that

text: sequentially

text: converts

text: it

text: into

text: a

text: brown

text: sweet

text: molasses

text: and

text: additional

text: heat

text: concentration

text: solidifies

text: it

text: to

text: jaggery

text: The

text: celebrations

text: of

text: Carnival

text: peak

text: for

text: three

text: days

text: and

text: nights

text: and

text: precede

text: Ash

text: Wednesday

text: When

text: the

text: legendary

text: King

text: Momo

text: takes

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: All

text: night

text: parades

text: occur

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: with

text: bands

text: dances

text: and

text: floats

text: and

text: grand

text: balls

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: evenings

question: What is the only state in India in which Carnival is celebrated?

answer: Goa

text: Goa

question: What does the Indian word "Intruz" mean?

answer: swindler

text: swindler

question: The largest Carnival celebration takes place in which city?

answer: Panjim

text: Panjim

question: What is eaten on Fat Tuesday to partake in the celebration?

answer: crepes

text: crepes

question: What legendary king eventually takes over the state?

answer: Momo

text: Momo


text: The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News are the major daily newspapers, both broadsheet publications published together under a joint operating agreement called the Detroit Newspaper Partnership. Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys' Goodfellow Fund of Detroit. In March 2009, the two newspapers reduced home delivery to three days a week, print reduced newsstand issues of the papers on non-delivery days and focus resources on Internet-based news delivery. The Metro Times, founded in 1980, is a weekly publication, covering news, arts & entertainment.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: Detroit

text: Free

text: Press

text: and

text: The

text: Detroit

text: News

text: are

text: the

text: major

text: daily

text: newspapers

text: both

text: broadsheet

text: publications

text: published

text: together

text: under

text: a

text: joint

text: operating

text: agreement

text: called

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Newspaper

text: Partnership

text: Media

text: philanthropy

text: includes

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Free

text: Press

text: high

text: school

text: journalism

text: program

text: and

text: the

text: Old

text: Newsboys

text: Goodfellow

text: Fund

text: of

text: Detroit

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: two

text: newspapers

text: reduced

text: home

text: delivery

text: to

text: three

text: days

text: a

text: week

text: print

text: reduced

text: newsstand

text: issues

text: of

text: the

text: papers

text: on

text: non

text: delivery

text: days

text: and

text: focus

text: resources

text: on

text: Internet

text: based

text: news

text: delivery

text: The

text: Metro

text: Times

text: founded

text: in

text: is

text: a

text: weekly

text: publication

text: covering

text: news

text: arts

text: entertainment

question: Under which agreement are Detroit's major newspapers published?

answer: Detroit Newspaper Partnership

text: Detroit Newspaper Partnership

question: When was The Metro Times founded?

answer: 1980

question: In what year did Detroit's two major newspapers reduce home delivery?

answer: 2009


text: The first USAF dress uniform, in 1947, was dubbed and patented "Uxbridge Blue" after "Uxbridge 1683 Blue", developed at the former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company. The current Service Dress Uniform, which was adopted in 1993 and standardized in 1995, consists of a three-button, pocketless coat, similar to that of a men's "sport jacket" (with silver "U.S." pins on the lapels, with a silver ring surrounding on those of enlisted members), matching trousers, and either a service cap or flight cap, all in Shade 1620, "Air Force Blue" (a darker purplish-blue). This is worn with a light blue shirt (Shade 1550) and Shade 1620 herringbone patterned necktie. Enlisted members wear sleeve insignia on both the jacket and shirt, while officers wear metal rank insignia pinned onto the coat, and Air Force Blue slide-on epaulet loops on the shirt. USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear, for certain occasions, a modified version of the standard service dress uniform, but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers, with the addition of a ceremonial belt (if necessary), wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device, and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: The

text: first

text: USAF

text: dress

text: uniform

text: in

text: was

text: dubbed

text: and

text: patented

text: Uxbridge

text: Blue

text: after

text: Uxbridge

text: Blue

text: developed

text: at

text: the

text: former

text: Bachman

text: Uxbridge

text: Worsted

text: Company

text: The

text: current

text: Service

text: Dress

text: Uniform

text: which

text: was

text: adopted

text: in

text: and

text: standardized

text: in

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: three

text: button

text: pocketless

text: coat

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: men

text: 's

text: sport

text: jacket

text: with

text: silver

text: U.S.

text: pins

text: on

text: the

text: lapels

text: with

text: a

text: silver

text: ring

text: surrounding

text: on

text: those

text: of

text: enlisted

text: members

text: matching

text: trousers

text: and

text: either

text: a

text: service

text: cap

text: or

text: flight

text: cap

text: all

text: in

text: Shade

text: Air

text: Force

text: Blue

text: a

text: darker

text: purplish

text: blue

text: This

text: is

text: worn

text: with

text: a

text: light

text: blue

text: shirt

text: Shade

text: and

text: Shade

text: herringbone

text: patterned

text: necktie

text: Enlisted

text: members

text: wear

text: sleeve

text: insignia

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: jacket

text: and

text: shirt

text: while

text: officers

text: wear

text: metal

text: rank

text: insignia

text: pinned

text: onto

text: the

text: coat

text: and

text: Air

text: Force

text: Blue

text: slide

text: on

text: epaulet

text: loops

text: on

text: the

text: shirt

text: USAF

text: personnel

text: assigned

text: to

text: Base

text: Honor

text: Guard

text: duties

text: wear

text: for

text: certain

text: occasions

text: a

text: modified

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: service

text: dress

text: uniform

text: but

text: with

text: silver

text: trim

text: on

text: the

text: sleeves

text: and

text: trousers

text: with

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: a

text: ceremonial

text: belt

text: if

text: necessary

text: wheel

text: cap

text: with

text: silver

text: trim

text: and

text: Hap

text: Arnold

text: Device

text: and

text: a

text: silver

text: aiguillette

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: shoulder

text: seam

text: and

text: all

text: devices

text: and

text: accoutrement

question: When was the first USAF dress uniform introduced?

answer: 1947

question: Where was the Uxbridge Blue dress uniform developed?

answer: former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company

text: former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company

question: When was the current USAF dress uniform standardized?

answer: 1995

question: Where does an officer in the USAF wear their rank insignia?

answer: pinned onto the coat

text: pinned onto the coat


text: During his world tour of 1910–11, Bell and Baldwin met with Forlanini in France. They had rides in the Forlanini hydrofoil boat over Lake Maggiore. Baldwin described it as being as smooth as flying. On returning to Baddeck, a number of initial concepts were built as experimental models, including the Dhonnas Beag, the first self-propelled Bell-Baldwin hydrofoil. The experimental boats were essentially proof-of-concept prototypes that culminated in the more substantial HD-4, powered by Renault engines. A top speed of 54 miles per hour (87 km/h) was achieved, with the hydrofoil exhibiting rapid acceleration, good stability and steering along with the ability to take waves without difficulty. In 1913, Dr. Bell hired Walter Pinaud, a Sydney yacht designer and builder as well as the proprietor of Pinaud's Yacht Yard in Westmount, Nova Scotia to work on the pontoons of the HD-4. Pinaud soon took over the boatyard at Bell Laboratories on Beinn Bhreagh, Bell's estate near Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Pinaud's experience in boat-building enabled him to make useful design changes to the HD-4. After the First World War, work began again on the HD-4. Bell's report to the U.S. Navy permitted him to obtain two 350 horsepower (260 kilowatts) engines in July 1919. On September 9, 1919, the HD-4 set a world marine speed record of 70.86 miles per hour (114.04 kilometres per hour), a record which stood for ten years.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: During

text: his

text: world

text: tour

text: of

text: Bell

text: and

text: Baldwin

text: met

text: with

text: Forlanini

text: in

text: France

text: They

text: had

text: rides

text: in

text: the

text: Forlanini

text: hydrofoil

text: boat

text: over

text: Lake

text: Maggiore

text: Baldwin

text: described

text: it

text: as

text: being

text: as

text: smooth

text: as

text: flying

text: On

text: returning

text: to

text: Baddeck

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: initial

text: concepts

text: were

text: built

text: as

text: experimental

text: models

text: including

text: the

text: Dhonnas

text: Beag

text: the

text: first

text: self

text: propelled

text: Bell

text: Baldwin

text: hydrofoil

text: The

text: experimental

text: boats

text: were

text: essentially

text: proof

text: of

text: concept

text: prototypes

text: that

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: more

text: substantial

text: powered

text: by

text: Renault

text: engines

text: A

text: top

text: speed

text: of

text: miles

text: per

text: hour

text: km

text: h

text: was

text: achieved

text: with

text: the

text: hydrofoil

text: exhibiting

text: rapid

text: acceleration

text: good

text: stability

text: and

text: steering

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: take

text: waves

text: without

text: difficulty

text: In

text: Dr.

text: Bell

text: hired

text: Walter

text: Pinaud

text: a

text: Sydney

text: yacht

text: designer

text: and

text: builder

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: proprietor

text: of

text: Pinaud

text: 's

text: Yacht

text: Yard

text: in

text: Westmount

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: pontoons

text: of

text: the

text: Pinaud

text: soon

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: boatyard

text: at

text: Bell

text: Laboratories

text: on

text: Beinn

text: Bhreagh

text: Bell

text: 's

text: estate

text: near

text: Baddeck

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: Pinaud

text: 's

text: experience

text: in

text: boat

text: building

text: enabled

text: him

text: to

text: make

text: useful

text: design

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: After

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: work

text: began

text: again

text: on

text: the

text: Bell

text: 's

text: report

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: permitted

text: him

text: to

text: obtain

text: two

text: horsepower

text: kilowatts

text: engines

text: in

text: July

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: set

text: a

text: world

text: marine

text: speed

text: record

text: of

text: miles

text: per

text: hour

text: kilometres

text: per

text: hour

text: a

text: record

text: which

text: stood

text: for

text: ten

text: years

question: In what country did Baldwin and Forlanini get together?

answer: France

text: France

question: What did Baldwin liken the hydrofoil boat to?

answer: flying

text: flying

question: Which boat was first powered by a Renault engine?

answer: HD-4


text: On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: On

text: January

text: Beyoncé

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: her

text: first

text: child

text: a

text: daughter

text: Blue

text: Ivy

text: Carter

text: at

text: Lenox

text: Hill

text: Hospital

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Five

text: months

text: later

text: she

text: performed

text: for

text: four

text: nights

text: at

text: Revel

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: 's

text: Ovation

text: Hall

text: to

text: celebrate

text: the

text: resort

text: 's

text: opening

text: her

text: first

text: performances

text: since

text: giving

text: birth

text: to

text: Blue

text: Ivy

question: When did Beyonce have her first child?

answer: January 7, 2012

text: January 7, 2012

question: Where did Beyonce give birth to her first child?

answer: Lenox Hill Hospital

text: Lenox Hill Hospital

question: Beyonce's first child is named what?

answer: Blue Ivy Carter

text: Blue Ivy Carter

question: Her first appearance performing since giving birth was where?

answer: Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall

text: Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall

question: When did Beyonce have her first child?

answer: January 7, 2012

text: January 7, 2012

question: What was the child's name?

answer: Blue Ivy Carter

text: Blue Ivy Carter

question: How long was it after the birth of her child before she performed again?

answer: Five months

text: Five months

question: How many nights did she perform at Atlantic City?

answer: four nights

text: four nights

question: When did Beyoncé give birth to a daughter?

answer: January 7, 2012

text: January 7, 2012

question: What did Beyoncé name her daughter?

answer: Blue Ivy Carter

text: Blue Ivy Carter

question: Where was Blue Ivy born?

answer: Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.

text: Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.

question: Where was Beyoncé's first public performance after giving birth?

answer: Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall

text: Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall

question: How many nights did Beyoncé play at the resort?

answer: four

text: four


text: Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes are all in straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda. The mazurkas often show more folk features than many of his other works, sometimes including modal scales and harmonies and the use of drone basses. However, some also show unusual sophistication, for example Op. 63 No. 3, which includes a canon at one beat's distance, a great rarity in music.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: mazurkas

text: and

text: waltzes

text: are

text: all

text: in

text: straightforward

text: ternary

text: or

text: episodic

text: form

text: sometimes

text: with

text: a

text: coda

text: The

text: mazurkas

text: often

text: show

text: more

text: folk

text: features

text: than

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: other

text: works

text: sometimes

text: including

text: modal

text: scales

text: and

text: harmonies

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: drone

text: basses

text: However

text: some

text: also

text: show

text: unusual

text: sophistication

text: for

text: example

text: Op

text: No

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: canon

text: at

text: one

text: beat

text: 's

text: distance

text: a

text: great

text: rarity

text: in

text: music

question: Chopin's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions?

answer: folk features

text: folk features

question: What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in?

answer: straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.

text: straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.

question: Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects?

answer: mazurkas

text: mazurkas

question: What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?

answer: drone bass

text: drone bass

question: What does Chopin's Op. 63 No. 3 have that is rare?

answer: a canon at one beat's distance

text: a canon at one beat's distance


text: The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas "Amerindian" is used in Quebec, The Guianas, and the English-speaking Caribbean. Indigenous peoples are commonly known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, which include First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. Indigenous peoples of the United States are commonly known as Native Americans or American Indians, and Alaska Natives.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: are

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: Pueblos

text: indígenas

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: term

text: in

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: countries

text: Aborigen

text: aboriginal

text: native

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: Argentina

text: whereas

text: Amerindian

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: Quebec

text: The

text: Guianas

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: Caribbean

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: are

text: commonly

text: known

text: in

text: Canada

text: as

text: Aboriginal

text: peoples

text: which

text: include

text: First

text: Nations

text: Inuit

text: and

text: Métis

text: peoples

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Native

text: Americans

text: or

text: American

text: Indians

text: and

text: Alaska

text: Natives

question: Who are the indigenous people of the Americas descended from?

answer: pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas

text: pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas

question: What is a common term in Spanish speaking countries for the indigenous peoples?

answer: Pueblos indígenas

text: Pueblos indígenas

question: What term is used in Argentina to refer to the original peoples of a continent?

answer: Aborigen

text: Aborigen

question: In Quebec, The Guianas and places in the Caribbean where English is spoken, what is the preferred term for the indigenous people of the Americas?

answer: Amerindian

text: Amerindian

question: How are the indigenous people most commonly referred to by citizens of the U.S.?

answer: Native Americans

text: Native Americans


text: In the 1990s, New York City began closing the large, public high schools in the Bronx and replacing them with small high schools. Among the reasons cited for the changes were poor graduation rates and concerns about safety. Schools that have been closed or reduced in size include John F. Kennedy, James Monroe, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, Evander Childs, Christopher Columbus, Morris, Walton, and South Bronx High Schools. More recently the City has started phasing out large middle schools, also replacing them with smaller schools.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: In

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: began

text: closing

text: the

text: large

text: public

text: high

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: replacing

text: them

text: with

text: small

text: high

text: schools

text: Among

text: the

text: reasons

text: cited

text: for

text: the

text: changes

text: were

text: poor

text: graduation

text: rates

text: and

text: concerns

text: about

text: safety

text: Schools

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: closed

text: or

text: reduced

text: in

text: size

text: include

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: James

text: Monroe

text: Taft

text: Theodore

text: Roosevelt

text: Adlai

text: Stevenson

text: Evander

text: Childs

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: Morris

text: Walton

text: and

text: South

text: Bronx

text: High

text: Schools

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: City

text: has

text: started

text: phasing

text: out

text: large

text: middle

text: schools

text: also

text: replacing

text: them

text: with

text: smaller

text: schools

question: When did NYC begin splitting up the large Bronx high schools?

answer: 1990s

question: Which Bronx schools have been closed or made smaller?

answer: John F. Kennedy, James Monroe, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, Evander Childs, Christopher Columbus, Morris, Walton, and South Bronx High Schools

text: John F. Kennedy, James Monroe, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, Evander Childs, Christopher Columbus, Morris, Walton, and South Bronx High Schools

question: What type of schools is NYC now working on shrinking?

answer: large middle schools

text: large middle schools


text: The revived Georgian style that emerged in Britain at the beginning of the 20th century is usually referred to as Neo-Georgian; the work of Edwin Lutyens includes many examples. Versions of the Neo-Georgian style were commonly used in Britain for certain types of urban architecture until the late 1950s, Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters in Salford of 1958 being a good example. In both the United States and Britain, the Georgian style is still employed by architects like Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons for private residences.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: The

text: revived

text: Georgian

text: style

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: Britain

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: is

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Neo

text: Georgian

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Edwin

text: Lutyens

text: includes

text: many

text: examples

text: Versions

text: of

text: the

text: Neo

text: Georgian

text: style

text: were

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: Britain

text: for

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: urban

text: architecture

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: Bradshaw

text: Gass

text: Hope

text: 's

text: Police

text: Headquarters

text: in

text: Salford

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: good

text: example

text: In

text: both

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Britain

text: the

text: Georgian

text: style

text: is

text: still

text: employed

text: by

text: architects

text: like

text: Quinlan

text: Terry

text: Julian

text: Bicknell

text: and

text: Fairfax

text: and

text: Sammons

text: for

text: private

text: residences

question: The British revival of Georgian architecture in the 20th century is generally referred to as?

answer: Neo-Georgian

text: Neo-Georgian

question: Neo-Georgain style was common in Britain until the end of which decade?

answer: 1950s

question: Which police headquarters was constructed in 1958?

answer: Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters

text: Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters

question: Which architects in the US and Britain still employ the Georgian style for private residences?

answer: Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons

text: Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons

question: The US revival of Georgian architecture is referred to as was

text: Neo-Georgian

question: Where was neo-Georgian style common after the 1950s?

text: Britain

question: What police headquarters was built in 1950?

question: Who still uses the Georgian style for public buildings?


text: In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: In

text: Imperial

text: merged

text: with

text: St

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: Medical

text: School

text: becoming

text: The

text: Imperial

text: College

text: of

text: Science

text: Technology

text: and

text: Medicine

text: In

text: Imperial

text: launched

text: its

text: own

text: academic

text: publishing

text: house

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Press

text: in

text: partnership

text: with

text: World

text: Scientific

text: Imperial

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: National

text: Heart

text: and

text: Lung

text: Institute

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Charing

text: Cross

text: and

text: Westminster

text: Medical

text: School

text: Royal

text: Postgraduate

text: Medical

text: School

text: RPMS

text: and

text: the

text: Institute

text: of

text: Obstetrics

text: and

text: Gynaecology

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: Imperial

text: College

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: was

text: formally

text: established

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: Charing

text: Cross

text: and

text: Westminster

text: Medical

text: School

text: the

text: National

text: Heart

text: and

text: Lung

text: Institute

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: Postgraduate

text: Medical

text: School

text: were

text: transferred

text: to

text: Imperial

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Act

text: In

text: the

text: Sir

text: Alexander

text: Fleming

text: Building

text: was

text: opened

text: by

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: headquarters

text: for

text: the

text: College

text: 's

text: medical

text: and

text: biomedical

text: research

question: In which year did Imperial merge with St Mary's Hospital Medical School?

answer: 1988

question: Which school resulted from Imperial's merger with St Mary's?

answer: The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine

text: The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine

question: Who did Imperial partner with to launch the Imperial College Press?

answer: World Scientific

text: World Scientific

question: What year was the Imperial College School of Medicine formally established?

answer: 1997

question: What is the name of the building that was opened by Queen Elizabeth II?

answer: Sir Alexander Fleming Building

text: Sir Alexander Fleming Building

question: What scool split into Imperial and and St Maries?

question: When did Imperial start its publishng house World Scientific?

question: What schools came out of Imperial in 1997?

question: What school was founded by Sit Alexander Fleming?

text: Royal Postgraduate Medical School


text: Some writers claim the Air Staff ignored a critical lesson, however: British morale did not break. Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful. Aviation strategists dispute that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command. Throughout 1933–39 none of the 16 Western Air Plans drafted mentioned morale as a target. The first three directives in 1940 did not mention civilian populations or morale in any way. Morale was not mentioned until the ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940. The 10th directive in October 1940 mentioned morale by name. However, industrial cities were only to be targeted if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Some

text: writers

text: claim

text: the

text: Air

text: Staff

text: ignored

text: a

text: critical

text: lesson

text: however

text: British

text: morale

text: did

text: not

text: break

text: Targeting

text: German

text: morale

text: as

text: Bomber

text: Command

text: would

text: do

text: was

text: no

text: more

text: successful

text: Aviation

text: strategists

text: dispute

text: that

text: morale

text: was

text: ever

text: a

text: major

text: consideration

text: for

text: Bomber

text: Command

text: Throughout

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Air

text: Plans

text: drafted

text: mentioned

text: morale

text: as

text: a

text: target

text: The

text: first

text: three

text: directives

text: in

text: did

text: not

text: mention

text: civilian

text: populations

text: or

text: morale

text: in

text: any

text: way

text: Morale

text: was

text: not

text: mentioned

text: until

text: the

text: ninth

text: wartime

text: directive

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: directive

text: in

text: October

text: mentioned

text: morale

text: by

text: name

text: However

text: industrial

text: cities

text: were

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: if

text: weather

text: denied

text: strikes

text: on

text: Bomber

text: Command

text: 's

text: main

text: concern

text: oil

question: What was the critical lesson Air Staff ignored?

answer: Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful.

text: Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful.

question: Aviation strategists disputed over what?

answer: that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command.

text: that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command.

question: What did 16 of the Western Air Plans not mention?

answer: morale as a target.

text: morale as a target.

question: When was morale finally mentioned?

answer: ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940

text: ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940

question: When were industrial cities to be targeted?

answer: if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil.

text: if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil.


text: No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree. If the rings are narrow, more of them are required than where they are wide. As the tree gets larger, the sapwood must necessarily become thinner or increase materially in volume. Sapwood is thicker in the upper portion of the trunk of a tree than near the base, because the age and the diameter of the upper sections are less.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: No

text: definite

text: relation

text: exists

text: between

text: the

text: annual

text: rings

text: of

text: growth

text: and

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: sapwood

text: Within

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: the

text: cross

text: sectional

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: sapwood

text: is

text: very

text: roughly

text: proportional

text: to

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: crown

text: of

text: the

text: tree

text: If

text: the

text: rings

text: are

text: narrow

text: more

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: required

text: than

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: wide

text: As

text: the

text: tree

text: gets

text: larger

text: the

text: sapwood

text: must

text: necessarily

text: become

text: thinner

text: or

text: increase

text: materially

text: in

text: volume

text: Sapwood

text: is

text: thicker

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: trunk

text: of

text: a

text: tree

text: than

text: near

text: the

text: base

text: because

text: the

text: age

text: and

text: the

text: diameter

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: sections

text: are

text: less

question: What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to?

answer: crown

text: crown

question: Are more rings necessary if they're narrow or wide?

answer: narrow

text: narrow

question: As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become?

answer: thinner

text: thinner

question: In what part of the tree trunk is the sapwood layer thinnest?

answer: near the base

text: near the base

question: Along with the smaller diameter of the upper trunk, what factor leads to thinner sapwood higher up a tree?

answer: age

text: age


text: Unicode includes a mechanism for modifying character shape that greatly extends the supported glyph repertoire. This covers the use of combining diacritical marks. They are inserted after the main character. Multiple combining diacritics may be stacked over the same character. Unicode also contains precomposed versions of most letter/diacritic combinations in normal use. These make conversion to and from legacy encodings simpler, and allow applications to use Unicode as an internal text format without having to implement combining characters. For example, é can be represented in Unicode as U+0065 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E) followed by U+0301 (COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT), but it can also be represented as the precomposed character U+00E9 (LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE). Thus, in many cases, users have multiple ways of encoding the same character. To deal with this, Unicode provides the mechanism of canonical equivalence.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Unicode

text: includes

text: a

text: mechanism

text: for

text: modifying

text: character

text: shape

text: that

text: greatly

text: extends

text: the

text: supported

text: glyph

text: repertoire

text: This

text: covers

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: combining

text: diacritical

text: marks

text: They

text: are

text: inserted

text: after

text: the

text: main

text: character

text: Multiple

text: combining

text: diacritics

text: may

text: be

text: stacked

text: over

text: the

text: same

text: character

text: Unicode

text: also

text: contains

text: precomposed

text: versions

text: of

text: most

text: letter

text: diacritic

text: combinations

text: in

text: normal

text: use

text: These

text: make

text: conversion

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: legacy

text: encodings

text: simpler

text: and

text: allow

text: applications

text: to

text: use

text: Unicode

text: as

text: an

text: internal

text: text

text: format

text: without

text: having

text: to

text: implement

text: combining

text: characters

text: For

text: example

text: é

text: can

text: be

text: represented

text: in

text: Unicode

text: as

text: LATIN

text: SMALL

text: LETTER

text: E

text: followed

text: by

text: COMBINING

text: ACUTE

text: ACCENT

text: but

text: it

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: represented

text: as

text: the

text: precomposed

text: character

text: LATIN

text: SMALL

text: LETTER

text: E

text: WITH

text: ACUTE

text: Thus

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: users

text: have

text: multiple

text: ways

text: of

text: encoding

text: the

text: same

text: character

text: To

text: deal

text: with

text: this

text: Unicode

text: provides

text: the

text: mechanism

text: of

text: canonical

text: equivalence

question: What combinations does unicode contain in normal use?

answer: most letter/diacritic combinations

text: most letter/diacritic combinations

question: How is the latin small letter e represented in Unicode?

answer: U+0065

question: How is the accent added to the small latin e?

answer: U+0301

question: What precomposed character represents the small latin e with an accent?

answer: U+00E9

question: What are inserted before a main character?

text: diacritical marks

question: What cannot have multiple instances of diacritics?

text: the same character

question: What do applications have to implement?

text: combining characters

question: What prevents redundancy in the ways you can make one character?

text: the mechanism of canonical equivalence

question: How is the capital letter e indicated in unicode?


text: The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceous) boundary is set at the Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) extinction event (now more accurately called the Cretaceous–Paleogene (or K–Pg) extinction event), which may have been caused by the impactor that created Chicxulub Crater on the Yucatán Peninsula. Towards the Late Cretaceous large volcanic eruptions are also believed to have contributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Approximately 50% of all genera became extinct, including all of the non-avian dinosaurs.

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: The

text: lower

text: Triassic

text: boundary

text: is

text: set

text: by

text: the

text: Permian

text: Triassic

text: extinction

text: event

text: during

text: which

text: approximately

text: to

text: of

text: marine

text: species

text: and

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: vertebrates

text: became

text: extinct

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Dying

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: largest

text: mass

text: extinction

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: history

text: The

text: upper

text: Cretaceous

text: boundary

text: is

text: set

text: at

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Tertiary

text: KT

text: extinction

text: event

text: now

text: more

text: accurately

text: called

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Paleogene

text: or

text: K

text: Pg

text: extinction

text: event

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: impactor

text: that

text: created

text: Chicxulub

text: Crater

text: on

text: the

text: Yucatán

text: Peninsula

text: Towards

text: the

text: Late

text: Cretaceous

text: large

text: volcanic

text: eruptions

text: are

text: also

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Paleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: Approximately

text: of

text: all

text: genera

text: became

text: extinct

text: including

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: avian

text: dinosaurs

question: What event sets the boundary for the Triassic?

answer: Permian–Triassic extinction

text: Permian–Triassic extinction

question: What percentage of marine life died during the extinction?

answer: 90% to 96%

text: 90% to 96%

question: How many terrestrial species died during the extinction?

answer: 70%

question: What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as?

answer: Great Dying

text: Great Dying

question: What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ?

answer: K–Pg) extinction

text: K–Pg) extinction

question: What percentage of marine life growth happened during the Permian–Triassic era?

text: 90% to 96%

question: How many terrestrial species were created during the Permian–Triassic era?

question: Large volcanic eruptions contributed to the expansion of what period?

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene

question: What percent of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct on the Yucatán Peninsula?

question: What percentage of all genera thrived during the Cretaceous–Paleogene era?


text: The bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is approximately 180 metres (591 ft) tall and will be accompanied with other secondary buildings on a landscaped site on the site of the former wholesale market in the eastern part of Frankfurt am Main. The main construction began in October 2008, and it was expected that the building will become an architectural symbol for Europe. While it was designed to accommodate double the number of staff who operate in the former Eurotower, that building has been retained since the ECB took responsibility for banking supervision and more space was hence required.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: The

text: bank

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Frankfurt

text: the

text: largest

text: financial

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: Its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: fixed

text: by

text: the

text: Amsterdam

text: Treaty

text: The

text: bank

text: moved

text: to

text: new

text: purpose

text: built

text: headquarters

text: in

text: which

text: were

text: designed

text: a

text: Vienna

text: based

text: architectural

text: office

text: named

text: Coop

text: Himmelbau

text: The

text: building

text: is

text: approximately

text: metres

text: ft

text: tall

text: and

text: will

text: be

text: accompanied

text: with

text: other

text: secondary

text: buildings

text: on

text: a

text: landscaped

text: site

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: wholesale

text: market

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Frankfurt

text: am

text: Main

text: The

text: main

text: construction

text: began

text: in

text: October

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: expected

text: that

text: the

text: building

text: will

text: become

text: an

text: architectural

text: symbol

text: for

text: Europe

text: While

text: it

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: accommodate

text: double

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: staff

text: who

text: operate

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: Eurotower

text: that

text: building

text: has

text: been

text: retained

text: since

text: the

text: ECB

text: took

text: responsibility

text: for

text: banking

text: supervision

text: and

text: more

text: space

text: was

text: hence

text: required

question: Where is the European Central bank located?

answer: Frankfurt

text: Frankfurt

question: What decided where the bank was to be located?

answer: Amsterdam Treaty

text: Amsterdam Treaty

question: When did the bank move to it's new headquarters?

answer: 2014

question: What previously stood where the bank is now?

answer: the former wholesale market

text: the former wholesale market

question: When did construction of the new bank begin?

answer: October 2008

text: October 2008

question: Where is the European Central bank unknown?

text: Frankfurt

question: What decided where the bank was to be bombed?

text: Amsterdam Treaty

question: When did the bank close the new headquarters?

question: What never stood where the bank is now?

text: the former wholesale market

question: When did construction of the new bank stop before completion?

text: October 2008


text: In 2013, China led the world in renewable energy production, with a total capacity of 378 GW, mainly from hydroelectric and wind power. As of 2014, China leads the world in the production and use of wind power, solar photovoltaic power and smart grid technologies, generating almost as much water, wind and solar energy as all of France and Germany's power plants combined. China's renewable energy sector is growing faster than its fossil fuels and nuclear power capacity. Since 2005, production of solar cells in China has expanded 100-fold. As Chinese renewable manufacturing has grown, the costs of renewable energy technologies have dropped. Innovation has helped, but the main driver of reduced costs has been market expansion.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: In

text: China

text: led

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: renewable

text: energy

text: production

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: capacity

text: of

text: GW

text: mainly

text: from

text: hydroelectric

text: and

text: wind

text: power

text: As

text: of

text: China

text: leads

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: wind

text: power

text: solar

text: photovoltaic

text: power

text: and

text: smart

text: grid

text: technologies

text: generating

text: almost

text: as

text: much

text: water

text: wind

text: and

text: solar

text: energy

text: as

text: all

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Germany

text: 's

text: power

text: plants

text: combined

text: China

text: 's

text: renewable

text: energy

text: sector

text: is

text: growing

text: faster

text: than

text: its

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: and

text: nuclear

text: power

text: capacity

text: Since

text: production

text: of

text: solar

text: cells

text: in

text: China

text: has

text: expanded

text: As

text: Chinese

text: renewable

text: manufacturing

text: has

text: grown

text: the

text: costs

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: have

text: dropped

text: Innovation

text: has

text: helped

text: but

text: the

text: main

text: driver

text: of

text: reduced

text: costs

text: has

text: been

text: market

text: expansion

question: Who led the world in renewable energy production in 2013?

answer: China

text: China

question: Since what year has production of solar cells in China expanded 100-fold?

answer: 2005

question: What is the main driver of reduced costs?

answer: market expansion

text: market expansion

question: Who led the world in renewable energy production in 2014?

text: China

question: Who did not lead the world in renewable energy production in 2013?

text: China

question: Since what year has production of solar cells in Japan expanded 100-fold?

question: What is not the main driver of reduced costs?

text: market expansion


text: Batteries are usually grouped into battalions or equivalent. In the field army a light gun or SHORAD battalion is often assigned to a manoeuvre division. Heavier guns and long-range missiles may be in air-defence brigades and come under corps or higher command. Homeland air defence may have a full military structure. For example, the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command, commanded by a full British Army general was part of ADGB. At its peak in 1941–42 it comprised three AA corps with 12 AA divisions between them.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Batteries

text: are

text: usually

text: grouped

text: into

text: battalions

text: or

text: equivalent

text: In

text: the

text: field

text: army

text: a

text: light

text: gun

text: or

text: SHORAD

text: battalion

text: is

text: often

text: assigned

text: to

text: a

text: manoeuvre

text: division

text: Heavier

text: guns

text: and

text: long

text: range

text: missiles

text: may

text: be

text: in

text: air

text: defence

text: brigades

text: and

text: come

text: under

text: corps

text: or

text: higher

text: command

text: Homeland

text: air

text: defence

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: full

text: military

text: structure

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: Anti

text: Aircraft

text: Command

text: commanded

text: by

text: a

text: full

text: British

text: Army

text: general

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: ADGB

text: At

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: it

text: comprised

text: three

text: AA

text: corps

text: with

text: AA

text: divisions

text: between

text: them

question: How are batteries typically grouped?

answer: into battalions

text: into battalions

question: What type of battalion is normally tasked to a manoeuvre division in the field army?

answer: light gun or SHORAD

text: light gun or SHORAD

question: Which military section could have a full military structure?

answer: Homeland air defence

text: Homeland air defence

question: Who commanded the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command?

answer: a full British Army general

text: a full British Army general

question: How many corps was the UK's Anti-Aircraft Command?

answer: three AA corps

text: three AA corps


text: The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were used in the naves of two Romanesque churches in Caen, Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames in 1120. Another early example is the nave and apse area of the Cathedral of Cefalù in 1131. The ribbed vault over the north transept at Durham Cathedral in England, built from 1128 to 1133, is probably earlier still and was the first time pointed arches were used in a high vault.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: characteristic

text: forms

text: that

text: were

text: to

text: define

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: and

text: developed

text: at

text: several

text: different

text: geographic

text: locations

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: different

text: influences

text: and

text: structural

text: requirements

text: While

text: barrel

text: vaults

text: and

text: groin

text: vaults

text: are

text: typical

text: of

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: ribbed

text: vaults

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: naves

text: of

text: two

text: Romanesque

text: churches

text: in

text: Caen

text: Abbey

text: of

text: Saint

text: Étienne

text: and

text: Abbaye

text: aux

text: Dames

text: in

text: Another

text: early

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: nave

text: and

text: apse

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Cefalù

text: in

text: The

text: ribbed

text: vault

text: over

text: the

text: north

text: transept

text: at

text: Durham

text: Cathedral

text: in

text: England

text: built

text: from

text: to

text: is

text: probably

text: earlier

text: still

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: pointed

text: arches

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: high

text: vault

question: The distinctive forms that describe Gothic architecture developed out of which style?

answer: Romanesque

text: Romanesque

question: Barrel and groin vaults are examples of what kind of architecture?

answer: Romanesque architecture

text: Romanesque architecture

question: What type of vaults were used in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames?

answer: ribbed vaults

text: ribbed vaults

question: When was Durham Cathedral constructed?

answer: from 1128 to 1133

text: from 1128 to 1133

question: What cathedral first made use of pointed arches in high vaults?

answer: Durham Cathedral in England

text: Durham Cathedral in England

question: What style helped to destroy Gothic architecture?

text: Romanesque

question: What type of vaults were lost in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames?

text: ribbed vaults

question: When was Durham Cathedral abandoned?

text: from 1128 to 1133

question: What cathedral last made use of pointed arches in low vaults?

text: Durham Cathedral in England


text: Webcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Webcomics

text: are

text: comics

text: that

text: are

text: available

text: on

text: the

text: internet

text: They

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: reach

text: large

text: audiences

text: and

text: new

text: readers

text: usually

text: can

text: access

text: archived

text: installments

text: Webcomics

text: can

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: an

text: infinite

text: canvas

text: meaning

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: constrained

text: by

text: size

text: or

text: dimensions

text: of

text: a

text: page

question: What comics are on the Internet?

answer: Webcomics

text: Webcomics

question: Webcomics reach large audiences and new what?

answer: readers

text: readers

question: With webcomics, readers have access to what?

answer: archived installments

text: archived installments

question: Not held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what?

answer: infinite canvas

text: infinite canvas

question: What comics aren't on the Internet?

text: Webcomics

question: Webcomics reach small audiences and new what?

text: readers

question: Webcomics reach large audiences and old what?

text: readers

question: With webcomics, readers have no access to what?

text: archived installments

question: Held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what?

text: infinite canvas


text: Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: Currently

text: the

text: Regular

text: Force

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: consists

text: of

text: three

text: field

text: ready

text: brigade

text: groups

text: Canadian

text: Mechanized

text: Brigade

text: Group

text: at

text: CFB

text: Edmonton

text: and

text: CFB

text: Shilo

text: Canadian

text: Mechanized

text: Brigade

text: Group

text: at

text: CFB

text: Petawawa

text: and

text: CFB

text: Gagetown

text: and

text: Canadian

text: Mechanized

text: Brigade

text: Group

text: at

text: CFB

text: Valcartier

text: and

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Each

text: contains

text: one

text: regiment

text: each

text: of

text: artillery

text: armour

text: and

text: combat

text: engineers

text: three

text: battalions

text: of

text: infantry

text: all

text: scaled

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: fashion

text: one

text: battalion

text: for

text: logistics

text: a

text: squadron

text: for

text: headquarters

text: signals

text: and

text: several

text: smaller

text: support

text: organizations

text: A

text: tactical

text: helicopter

text: squadron

text: and

text: a

text: field

text: ambulance

text: are

text: co

text: located

text: with

text: each

text: brigade

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: brigade

text: 's

text: command

text: structure

question: How many brigades does the Army consist of?

answer: three

text: three

question: Each Brigade contains how many regiments?

answer: one

text: one

question: What squadron is present but not an official part of the Brigade?

answer: tactical helicopter squadron

text: tactical helicopter squadron

question: What medical group is present at all Brigades but not part of it?

answer: a field ambulance

text: a field ambulance

question: How many brigades does the non-Army consist of?

text: three

question: Each non-Brigade contains how many regiments?

text: one

question: What squadron is present but is an official part of the Brigade?

text: tactical helicopter squadron

question: What medical group is not present at all Brigades but not part of it?

text: field ambulance


text: Shōen holders had access to manpower and, as they obtained improved military technology (such as new training methods, more powerful bows, armor, horses, and superior swords) and faced worsening local conditions in the ninth century, military service became part of shōen life. Not only the shōen but also civil and religious institutions formed private guard units to protect themselves. Gradually, the provincial upper class was transformed into a new military elite based on the ideals of the bushi (warrior) or samurai (literally, one who serves).

title: Heian_period

title: Heian_period

text: Shōen

text: holders

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: manpower

text: and

text: as

text: they

text: obtained

text: improved

text: military

text: technology

text: such

text: as

text: new

text: training

text: methods

text: more

text: powerful

text: bows

text: armor

text: horses

text: and

text: superior

text: swords

text: and

text: faced

text: worsening

text: local

text: conditions

text: in

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: military

text: service

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: shōen

text: life

text: Not

text: only

text: the

text: shōen

text: but

text: also

text: civil

text: and

text: religious

text: institutions

text: formed

text: private

text: guard

text: units

text: to

text: protect

text: themselves

text: Gradually

text: the

text: provincial

text: upper

text: class

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: new

text: military

text: elite

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: bushi

text: warrior

text: or

text: samurai

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: serves

question: Who had increased access to better military technology?

answer: Shōen holders

text: Shōen holders

question: Which institutions also hired private guards for protection?

answer: civil and religious

text: civil and religious

question: Which class became a new military elite?

answer: provincial upper class

text: provincial upper class

question: What does the word "bushi" mean?

answer: warrior

text: warrior

question: What did Shoen lack access to?

text: Shōen

question: What deprived the Shoen of manpower?

text: improved military technology

question: What was nolonger part of the Shoen life after the ninth century?

text: military service

question: What institutions were forbidden to form private guards?

text: civil and religious institutions

question: Whom comprised most of the ordinary military?

text: the provincial upper class


text: A series of new editors-in-chief oversaw the company during another slow time for the industry. Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code achieved moderate to strong success with titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts, (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001: A Space Odyssey, "Killraven" in Amazing Adventures, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, and, late in the decade, the long-running Star Wars series). Some of these were published in larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint. Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line. Marvel pulled ahead of rival DC Comics in 1972, during a time when the price and format of the standard newsstand comic were in flux. Goodman increased the price and size of Marvel's November 1971 cover-dated comics from 15 cents for 36 pages total to 25 cents for 52 pages. DC followed suit, but Marvel the following month dropped its comics to 20 cents for 36 pages, offering a lower-priced product with a higher distributor discount.

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: new

text: editors

text: in

text: chief

text: oversaw

text: the

text: company

text: during

text: another

text: slow

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: industry

text: Once

text: again

text: Marvel

text: attempted

text: to

text: diversify

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: updating

text: of

text: the

text: Comics

text: Code

text: achieved

text: moderate

text: to

text: strong

text: success

text: with

text: titles

text: themed

text: to

text: horror

text: The

text: Tomb

text: of

text: Dracula

text: martial

text: arts

text: Shang

text: Chi

text: Master

text: of

text: Kung

text: Fu

text: sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: Conan

text: the

text: Barbarian

text: Red

text: Sonja

text: satire

text: Howard

text: the

text: Duck

text: and

text: science

text: fiction

text: A

text: Space

text: Odyssey

text: Killraven

text: in

text: Amazing

text: Adventures

text: Battlestar

text: Galactica

text: Star

text: Trek

text: and

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: the

text: long

text: running

text: Star

text: Wars

text: series

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: larger

text: format

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: magazines

text: under

text: its

text: Curtis

text: Magazines

text: imprint

text: Marvel

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: capitalize

text: on

text: its

text: successful

text: superhero

text: comics

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: decade

text: by

text: acquiring

text: a

text: new

text: newsstand

text: distributor

text: and

text: greatly

text: expanding

text: its

text: comics

text: line

text: Marvel

text: pulled

text: ahead

text: of

text: rival

text: DC

text: Comics

text: in

text: during

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: the

text: price

text: and

text: format

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: newsstand

text: comic

text: were

text: in

text: flux

text: Goodman

text: increased

text: the

text: price

text: and

text: size

text: of

text: Marvel

text: 's

text: November

text: cover

text: dated

text: comics

text: from

text: cents

text: for

text: pages

text: total

text: to

text: cents

text: for

text: pages

text: DC

text: followed

text: suit

text: but

text: Marvel

text: the

text: following

text: month

text: dropped

text: its

text: comics

text: to

text: cents

text: for

text: pages

text: offering

text: a

text: lower

text: priced

text: product

text: with

text: a

text: higher

text: distributor

text: discount

question: What situation allowed Marvel to expand into more adult-themed genre stories?

answer: the updating of the Comics Code

text: the updating of the Comics Code

question: What were two of Marvel's comic heroes in fantasy, swords and magic settings?

answer: Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja

text: Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja

question: What waterfowl character had his own satire series of comic books?

answer: Howard the Duck

text: Howard the Duck

question: In what year did Marvel's sales overtake rival DC?

answer: 1972

question: How were some of Marvel's genre titles published in the 1970s?

answer: larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint

text: larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint

question: What prevented Marvel from creating more adult-themed comics?

text: the updating of the Comics Code

question: What did Marvel do that failed to be successful after the Comics Code was updated?

text: diversify

question: When did DC Comics usurp Marvel's position as the top comics company?

question: How much did DC lower the price of its comics by?

text: 15 cents

question: What was DC's horror series called?

text: The Tomb of Dracula


text: In the final days of World War II in Yugoslavia, units of the Partisans were responsible for atrocities after the repatriations of Bleiburg, and accusations of culpability were later raised at the Yugoslav leadership under Tito. At the time, Josip Broz Tito repeatedly issued calls for surrender to the retreating column, offering amnesty and attempting to avoid a disorderly surrender. On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting "in the sternest language" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: In

text: the

text: final

text: days

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Yugoslavia

text: units

text: of

text: the

text: Partisans

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: atrocities

text: after

text: the

text: repatriations

text: of

text: Bleiburg

text: and

text: accusations

text: of

text: culpability

text: were

text: later

text: raised

text: at

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: leadership

text: under

text: Tito

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: Josip

text: Broz

text: Tito

text: repeatedly

text: issued

text: calls

text: for

text: surrender

text: to

text: the

text: retreating

text: column

text: offering

text: amnesty

text: and

text: attempting

text: to

text: avoid

text: a

text: disorderly

text: surrender

text: On

text: May

text: he

text: dispatched

text: a

text: telegram

text: to

text: the

text: supreme

text: headquarters

text: Slovene

text: Partisan

text: Army

text: prohibiting

text: in

text: the

text: sternest

text: language

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: prisoners

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: commanding

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: the

text: possible

text: suspects

text: to

text: a

text: military

text: court

question: Who offered amnesty to the retreatig column?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: Who dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters prohibiting the execution of prisoners of war?

answer: Tito

text: Tito

question: In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities?

answer: Partisans

text: Partisans

question: What did Tito offer to the retreating column?

answer: amnesty

text: amnesty

question: Where were possible suspects transferred to?

answer: military court.

text: military court.


text: It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. Their expressions on the subject of the sinlessness of Mary are, it is pointed out, so ample and so absolute that they must be taken to include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her; she is compared to Eve before the fall, as ancestress of a redeemed people; she is "the earth before it was accursed". The well-known words of St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin." It is true that he is here speaking directly of actual or personal sin. But his argument is that all men are sinners; that they are so through original depravity; that this original depravity may be overcome by the grace of God, and he adds that he does not know but that Mary may have had sufficient grace to overcome sin "of every sort" (omni ex parte).

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: It

text: is

text: admitted

text: that

text: the

text: doctrine

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: Pius

text: IX

text: was

text: not

text: explicitly

text: mooted

text: before

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: agreed

text: that

text: no

text: direct

text: or

text: categorical

text: and

text: stringent

text: proof

text: of

text: the

text: dogma

text: can

text: be

text: brought

text: forward

text: from

text: Scripture

text: But

text: it

text: is

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: doctrine

text: is

text: implicitly

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: the

text: Fathers

text: Their

text: expressions

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: the

text: sinlessness

text: of

text: Mary

text: are

text: it

text: is

text: pointed

text: out

text: so

text: ample

text: and

text: so

text: absolute

text: that

text: they

text: must

text: be

text: taken

text: to

text: include

text: original

text: sin

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: actual

text: Thus

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: centuries

text: such

text: epithets

text: as

text: in

text: every

text: respect

text: holy

text: in

text: all

text: things

text: unstained

text: super

text: innocent

text: and

text: singularly

text: holy

text: are

text: applied

text: to

text: her

text: she

text: is

text: compared

text: to

text: Eve

text: before

text: the

text: fall

text: as

text: ancestress

text: of

text: a

text: redeemed

text: people

text: she

text: is

text: the

text: earth

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: accursed

text: The

text: well

text: known

text: words

text: of

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: d.

text: may

text: be

text: cited

text: As

text: regards

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: God

text: he

text: says

text: I

text: will

text: not

text: allow

text: any

text: question

text: whatever

text: of

text: sin

text: It

text: is

text: true

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: here

text: speaking

text: directly

text: of

text: actual

text: or

text: personal

text: sin

text: But

text: his

text: argument

text: is

text: that

text: all

text: men

text: are

text: sinners

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: so

text: through

text: original

text: depravity

text: that

text: this

text: original

text: depravity

text: may

text: be

text: overcome

text: by

text: the

text: grace

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: he

text: adds

text: that

text: he

text: does

text: not

text: know

text: but

text: that

text: Mary

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: sufficient

text: grace

text: to

text: overcome

text: sin

text: of

text: every

text: sort

text: omni

text: ex

text: parte

question: What proof do some believe is offered as to proof of Mary being the ultimate concept of pure?

answer: include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "

text: include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "

question: What phrases were used to describe Mary ?

answer: in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her

text: in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her

question: Who is often held as the model for all things holy and pure that is not Mary ?

answer: Eve before the fall

text: Eve before the fall

question: Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ?

answer: St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.

text: St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.

question: What did this person also state about all of mankind in regards to wayward transgressions  ?

answer: his argument is that all men are sinners;

text: his argument is that all men are sinners;

question: What was explicitly mooted before the twelfth century?

text: the doctrine as defined by Pius IX

question: What can be proved from Scripture?

text: the dogma

question: Whose teachings on the sinlessness of Mary only include Original Sin

text: the Fathers

question: What terms were only applied to Mary after the fifth century?

question: Who is not sure that Mary had sufficient grace to overcome sin?

text: St. Augustine


text: Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by following the imperial diet, most of the states of the empire joined Austria's cause. The Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states (especially Hanover). Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia. Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762. The Russian Empire was originally aligned with Austria, fearing Prussia's ambition on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but switched sides upon the succession of Tsar Peter III in 1762.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Realizing

text: that

text: war

text: was

text: imminent

text: Prussia

text: preemptively

text: struck

text: Saxony

text: and

text: quickly

text: overran

text: it

text: The

text: result

text: caused

text: uproar

text: across

text: Europe

text: Because

text: of

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: alliance

text: with

text: Britain

text: Austria

text: formed

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: France

text: seeing

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: recapture

text: Silesia

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: lost

text: in

text: a

text: previous

text: war

text: Reluctantly

text: by

text: following

text: the

text: imperial

text: diet

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: joined

text: Austria

text: 's

text: cause

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Prussian

text: alliance

text: was

text: joined

text: by

text: smaller

text: German

text: states

text: especially

text: Hanover

text: Sweden

text: fearing

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: expansionist

text: tendencies

text: went

text: to

text: war

text: in

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: Baltic

text: dominions

text: seeing

text: its

text: chance

text: when

text: virtually

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: opposed

text: Prussia

text: Spain

text: bound

text: by

text: the

text: Pacte

text: de

text: Famille

text: intervened

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: together

text: they

text: launched

text: a

text: disastrous

text: invasion

text: of

text: Portugal

text: in

text: The

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: originally

text: aligned

text: with

text: Austria

text: fearing

text: Prussia

text: 's

text: ambition

text: on

text: the

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: but

text: switched

text: sides

text: upon

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: Tsar

text: Peter

text: III

text: in

question: What was Sweden's motivation to join the war?

answer: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions,

text: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions,

question: What country did Spain invade?

answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal

text: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal

question: When did Spain invade?

answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762

text: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762

question: What was the result of the invasion by Spain?

answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion

text: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion

question: What region did Austria hope to recapture?

answer: Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war

text: Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war


text: The office of Borough President was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. In 1989 the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: office

text: of

text: Borough

text: President

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: consolidation

text: of

text: to

text: balance

text: centralization

text: with

text: local

text: authority

text: Each

text: borough

text: president

text: had

text: a

text: powerful

text: administrative

text: role

text: derived

text: from

text: having

text: a

text: vote

text: on

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Board

text: of

text: Estimate

text: which

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: creating

text: and

text: approving

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: budget

text: and

text: proposals

text: for

text: land

text: use

text: In

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: declared

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Estimate

text: unconstitutional

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: Brooklyn

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: borough

text: had

text: no

text: greater

text: effective

text: representation

text: on

text: the

text: Board

text: than

text: Staten

text: Island

text: the

text: least

text: populous

text: borough

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: Fourteenth

text: Amendment

text: 's

text: Equal

text: Protection

text: Clause

text: pursuant

text: to

text: the

text: high

text: court

text: 's

text: one

text: man

text: one

text: vote

text: decision

question: When was the 'one man, one vote' decision?

answer: 1964

question: Which amendment contains the Equal Protection Clause?

answer: Fourteenth

text: Fourteenth

question: When were Borough Presidents created?

answer: 1898

question: When was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?

answer: 1989

question: Why was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?

answer: Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough

text: Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough


text: In the 11th century, a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah), the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. Along with Kadaram, Pannai in present-day Sumatra and Malaiyur and the Malayan peninsula were attacked too. Soon after that, the king of Kedah Phra Ong Mahawangsa became the first ruler to abandon the traditional Hindu faith, and converted to Islam with the Sultanate of Kedah established in year 1136. Samudera Pasai converted to Islam in the year 1267, the King of Malacca Parameswara married the princess of Pasai, and the son became the first sultan of Malacca. Soon, Malacca became the center of Islamic study and maritime trade, and other rulers followed suit. Indonesian religious leader and Islamic scholar Hamka (1908–1981) wrote in 1961: "The development of Islam in Indonesia and Malaya is intimately related to a Chinese Muslim, Admiral Zheng He."

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: a

text: turbulent

text: period

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Maritime

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: The

text: Indian

text: Chola

text: navy

text: crossed

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: attacked

text: the

text: Srivijaya

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Sangrama

text: Vijayatungavarman

text: in

text: Kadaram

text: Kedah

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: powerful

text: maritime

text: kingdom

text: was

text: sacked

text: and

text: the

text: king

text: was

text: taken

text: captive

text: Along

text: with

text: Kadaram

text: Pannai

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Sumatra

text: and

text: Malaiyur

text: and

text: the

text: Malayan

text: peninsula

text: were

text: attacked

text: too

text: Soon

text: after

text: that

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Kedah

text: Phra

text: Ong

text: Mahawangsa

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: ruler

text: to

text: abandon

text: the

text: traditional

text: Hindu

text: faith

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: Islam

text: with

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Kedah

text: established

text: in

text: year

text: Samudera

text: Pasai

text: converted

text: to

text: Islam

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Malacca

text: Parameswara

text: married

text: the

text: princess

text: of

text: Pasai

text: and

text: the

text: son

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: sultan

text: of

text: Malacca

text: Soon

text: Malacca

text: became

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Islamic

text: study

text: and

text: maritime

text: trade

text: and

text: other

text: rulers

text: followed

text: suit

text: Indonesian

text: religious

text: leader

text: and

text: Islamic

text: scholar

text: Hamka

text: wrote

text: in

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: Islam

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Malaya

text: is

text: intimately

text: related

text: to

text: a

text: Chinese

text: Muslim

text: Admiral

text: Zheng

text: He

question: Which kingdom did the Chola navy attack during the 11th century?

answer: Srivijaya kingdom

text: Srivijaya kingdom

question: What was the capital of Srivijaya kingdom?

answer: Sangrama Vijayatungavarman

text: Sangrama Vijayatungavarman

question: Which king of Kedah converted to Islam in the year 1267?

answer: Phra Ong Mahawangsa

text: Phra Ong Mahawangsa

question: Name an Indonesian Islamic scholar who lived from 1908-1981?

answer: Hamka

text: Hamka

question: Which Chinese admiral was related to the development of Islam in Indonesia & Malaya?

answer: Admiral Zheng He

text: Admiral Zheng He

question: What happened in the 1100's?

question: Who did the Srivijaya kingdom attack?

text: Chola

question: What happened to the king of Chola?

text: taken captive

question: What kig converted from Islam in 1267?

text: Phra Ong Mahawangsa

question: What Islamic scholar died in 1908?

text: Hamka


text: Plants depend on certain edaphic (soil) and climatic factors in their environment but can modify these factors too. For example, they can change their environment's albedo, increase runoff interception, stabilize mineral soils and develop their organic content, and affect local temperature. Plants compete with other organisms in their ecosystem for resources. They interact with their neighbours at a variety of spatial scales in groups, populations and communities that collectively constitute vegetation. Regions with characteristic vegetation types and dominant plants as well as similar abiotic and biotic factors, climate, and geography make up biomes like tundra or tropical rainforest.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Plants

text: depend

text: on

text: certain

text: edaphic

text: soil

text: and

text: climatic

text: factors

text: in

text: their

text: environment

text: but

text: can

text: modify

text: these

text: factors

text: too

text: For

text: example

text: they

text: can

text: change

text: their

text: environment

text: 's

text: albedo

text: increase

text: runoff

text: interception

text: stabilize

text: mineral

text: soils

text: and

text: develop

text: their

text: organic

text: content

text: and

text: affect

text: local

text: temperature

text: Plants

text: compete

text: with

text: other

text: organisms

text: in

text: their

text: ecosystem

text: for

text: resources

text: They

text: interact

text: with

text: their

text: neighbours

text: at

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: spatial

text: scales

text: in

text: groups

text: populations

text: and

text: communities

text: that

text: collectively

text: constitute

text: vegetation

text: Regions

text: with

text: characteristic

text: vegetation

text: types

text: and

text: dominant

text: plants

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: similar

text: abiotic

text: and

text: biotic

text: factors

text: climate

text: and

text: geography

text: make

text: up

text: biomes

text: like

text: tundra

text: or

text: tropical

text: rainforest

question: On what do plants depend in their environment?

answer: edaphic (soil) and climatic factors

text: edaphic (soil) and climatic factors

question: How do plants interact with other species in their environment?

answer: for resources

text: for resources

question: What is the collection of plants in the environment called?

answer: vegetation

text: vegetation

question: What are groupings of similar plants?

answer: biomes

text: biomes