text: Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often nickel plated then gold plated. Another coating consideration is rapid diffusion of coating metal into Tin solder. Tin forms intermetallics such as Cu5Sn6 and Ag3Cu that dissolve into the Tin liquidus or solidus(@50C), stripping surface coating or leaving voids.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Other

text: platings

text: used

text: are

text: OSP

text: organic

text: surface

text: protectant

text: immersion

text: silver

text: IAg

text: immersion

text: tin

text: electroless

text: nickel

text: with

text: immersion

text: gold

text: coating

text: ENIG

text: electroless

text: nickel

text: electroless

text: palladium

text: immersion

text: gold

text: ENEPIG

text: and

text: direct

text: gold

text: plating

text: over

text: nickel

text: Edge

text: connectors

text: placed

text: along

text: one

text: edge

text: of

text: some

text: boards

text: are

text: often

text: nickel

text: plated

text: then

text: gold

text: plated

text: Another

text: coating

text: consideration

text: is

text: rapid

text: diffusion

text: of

text: coating

text: metal

text: into

text: Tin

text: solder

text: Tin

text: forms

text: intermetallics

text: such

text: as

text: and

text: that

text: dissolve

text: into

text: the

text: Tin

text: liquidus

text: or

text: stripping

text: surface

text: coating

text: or

text: leaving

text: voids

question: What does OSP stand for?

answer: organic surface protectant

text: organic surface protectant

question: What metal is often under the gold plating on edge connectors?

answer: nickel

text: nickel

question: What's the abbreviation for immersion silver plating?

answer: IAg

text: IAg

question: Ag3Cu is one intermetallic that tin forms; what's the other one?

answer: Cu5Sn6

question: What might the rapid diffusion of coating metal into tin solder leave in the surface coating?

answer: voids

text: voids

question: Main connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often what?

text: nickel plated then gold plated

question: The only coating consideration is what?

question: What forms intermetallics such a Cu66n6?

text: Tin

question: Electroless silver with immersion gold coating (ENIG) is an example of what?

text: plating

question: Electroless silver electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) is an example of what?

text: plating


text: The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state of Arkansas alone, and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: The

text: two

text: finalists

text: were

text: Kris

text: Allen

text: and

text: Adam

text: Lambert

text: both

text: of

text: whom

text: had

text: previously

text: landed

text: in

text: the

text: bottom

text: three

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: Allen

text: won

text: the

text: contest

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: controversial

text: voting

text: result

text: since

text: season

text: two

text: It

text: was

text: claimed

text: later

text: retracted

text: that

text: million

text: of

text: the

text: million

text: votes

text: cast

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: came

text: from

text: Allen

text: 's

text: home

text: state

text: of

text: Arkansas

text: alone

text: and

text: that

text: AT&T

text: employees

text: unfairly

text: influenced

text: the

text: votes

text: by

text: giving

text: lessons

text: on

text: power

text: texting

text: at

text: viewing

text: parties

text: in

text: Arkansas

question: Who were the final two contestants on season eight of American Idol?

answer: Kris Allen and Adam Lambert

text: Kris Allen and Adam Lambert

question: Who won season eight of American Idol?

answer: Kris Allen

text: Kris Allen

question: What state is American Idol winner Kris Allen from?

answer: Arkansas

text: Arkansas

question: How many votes were cast in the American Idol finale in season eight?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million

question: Who won the season?

answer: Kris Allen

text: Kris Allen

question: The only prior season to have matching controversy over the winner was?

answer: season two

text: season two

question: How many votes were cast for the final two?

answer: 100 million

text: 100 million

question: Who was accused of teaching the public how to power text for the winner?

answer: AT&T employees

text: AT&T employees


text: Medical detection dogs are capable of detecting diseases by sniffing a person directly or samples of urine or other specimens. Dogs can detect odour in one part per trillion, as their brain's olfactory cortex is (relative to total brain size) 40 times larger than humans. Dogs may have as many as 300 million odour receptors in their nose, while humans may have only 5 million. Each dog is trained specifically for the detection of single disease from the blood glucose level indicative to diabetes to cancer. To train a cancer dog requires 6 months. A Labrador Retriever called Daisy has detected 551 cancer patients with an accuracy of 93 percent and received the Blue Cross (for pets) Medal for her life-saving skills.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Medical

text: detection

text: dogs

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: detecting

text: diseases

text: by

text: sniffing

text: a

text: person

text: directly

text: or

text: samples

text: of

text: urine

text: or

text: other

text: specimens

text: Dogs

text: can

text: detect

text: odour

text: in

text: one

text: part

text: per

text: trillion

text: as

text: their

text: brain

text: 's

text: olfactory

text: cortex

text: is

text: relative

text: to

text: total

text: brain

text: size

text: times

text: larger

text: than

text: humans

text: Dogs

text: may

text: have

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: million

text: odour

text: receptors

text: in

text: their

text: nose

text: while

text: humans

text: may

text: have

text: only

text: million

text: Each

text: dog

text: is

text: trained

text: specifically

text: for

text: the

text: detection

text: of

text: single

text: disease

text: from

text: the

text: blood

text: glucose

text: level

text: indicative

text: to

text: diabetes

text: to

text: cancer

text: To

text: train

text: a

text: cancer

text: dog

text: requires

text: months

text: A

text: Labrador

text: Retriever

text: called

text: Daisy

text: has

text: detected

text: cancer

text: patients

text: with

text: an

text: accuracy

text: of

text: percent

text: and

text: received

text: the

text: Blue

text: Cross

text: for

text: pets

text: Medal

text: for

text: her

text: life

text: saving

text: skills

question: What can trained dogs detect by sniffing a person or a sample of their urine?

answer: diseases

text: diseases

question: How much larger is a dog brain olfactory cortex when compared to humans?

answer: 40 times larger

text: 40 times larger

question: A dog can detect smells in one part per what?

answer: trillion

text: trillion

question: How much larger is a dog's olfactory cortex than a person's?

answer: 40 times larger

text: 40 times larger

question: How many cancer patients has Daisy detected?

answer: 551


text: The answer to why there was so little assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe for so long would seem to lie in part in the probability that the alien surroundings in central and eastern Europe were not conducive, though contempt did not prevent some assimilation. Furthermore, Jews lived almost exclusively in shtetls, maintained a strong system of education for males, heeded rabbinic leadership, and scorned the life-style of their neighbors; and all of these tendencies increased with every outbreak of antisemitism.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: The

text: answer

text: to

text: why

text: there

text: was

text: so

text: little

text: assimilation

text: of

text: Jews

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: eastern

text: Europe

text: for

text: so

text: long

text: would

text: seem

text: to

text: lie

text: in

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: probability

text: that

text: the

text: alien

text: surroundings

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: eastern

text: Europe

text: were

text: not

text: conducive

text: though

text: contempt

text: did

text: not

text: prevent

text: some

text: assimilation

text: Furthermore

text: Jews

text: lived

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: in

text: shtetls

text: maintained

text: a

text: strong

text: system

text: of

text: education

text: for

text: males

text: heeded

text: rabbinic

text: leadership

text: and

text: scorned

text: the

text: life

text: style

text: of

text: their

text: neighbors

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: tendencies

text: increased

text: with

text: every

text: outbreak

text: of

text: antisemitism

question: The lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe lies in part to the fact that they lived almost exclusively in what?

answer: shtetls

text: shtetls

question: A lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe is also attributed to males taking part in what type of system?

answer: a strong system of education

text: a strong system of education

question: In central and eastern Europe it is thought that Jewish scorn for the life-style of their neighbors increased due to what?

answer: increased with every outbreak of antisemitism

text: increased with every outbreak of antisemitism

question: Besides living in shtetls, maintaining a strong system of education for males, and scorning the life-style of their neighbors, Jews in central and eastern Europe also did what?

answer: heeded rabbinic leadership

text: heeded rabbinic leadership


text: According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: According

text: to

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: based

text: Devon

text: Energy

text: Corporation

text: Chesapeake

text: Energy

text: Corporation

text: and

text: SandRidge

text: Energy

text: Corporation

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: private

text: oil

text: related

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: are

text: energy

text: related

text: Tulsa

text: 's

text: ONEOK

text: and

text: Williams

text: Companies

text: are

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: companies

text: respectively

text: also

text: ranking

text: as

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: second

text: and

text: third

text: largest

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: energy

text: according

text: to

text: Fortune

text: magazine

text: The

text: magazine

text: also

text: placed

text: Devon

text: Energy

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: company

text: in

text: the

text: mining

text: and

text: crude

text: oil

text: producing

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: while

text: Chesapeake

text: Energy

text: ranks

text: seventh

text: respectively

text: in

text: that

text: sector

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: Gas

text: Electric

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: gas

text: and

text: electric

text: utility

text: company

question: Which largest private oil companies are based in Oklahoma City?

answer: Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation

text: Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation

question: What industry are all of the Oklahoma-based Fortune 500 companies in?

answer: energy

text: energy

question: What is the largest company in Oklahoma?

answer: ONEOK

text: ONEOK

question: What is the 2nd-largest company in Oklahoma?

answer: Williams Companies

text: Williams Companies

question: Where is ONEOK based?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa


text: The last census in Mexico that asked for an individual's race, which was taken in 1921, indicated that 50.09% of the population identified as Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European descent). The second-largest group was whites at 36.33% of the population. The third-largest group was the "pure indigenous" population, constituting 12.76% of the population. The remaining 0.82% of the population of Chihuahua was considered "other", i.e., neither Mestizo, indigenous, nor white. The most important indigenous tribes of the state of Chihuahua are:

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: last

text: census

text: in

text: Mexico

text: that

text: asked

text: for

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: race

text: which

text: was

text: taken

text: in

text: indicated

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: identified

text: as

text: Mestizo

text: mixed

text: Amerindian

text: and

text: European

text: descent

text: The

text: second

text: largest

text: group

text: was

text: whites

text: at

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: The

text: third

text: largest

text: group

text: was

text: the

text: pure

text: indigenous

text: population

text: constituting

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: The

text: remaining

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: was

text: considered

text: other

text: i.e.

text: neither

text: Mestizo

text: indigenous

text: nor

text: white

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: indigenous

text: tribes

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: are

question: The last census in Mexico that asked for race was carried out in which year?

answer: 1921

question: According to the census of 1921, what percentage of citizens were Mestizo?

answer: 50.09%

question: The second largest group of people were whom?

answer: whites

text: whites


text: Tuvaluans are well known for their seafaring skills, with the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute on Amatuku motu (island), Funafuti, providing training to approximately 120 marine cadets each year so that they have the skills necessary for employment as seafarers on merchant shipping. The Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union (TOSU) is the only registered trade union in Tuvalu. It represents workers on foreign ships. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that 800 Tuvaluan men are trained, certified and active as seafarers. The ADB estimates that, at any one time, about 15% of the adult male population works abroad as seafarers. Job opportunities also exist as observers on tuna boats where the role is to monitor compliance with the boat's tuna fishing licence.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Tuvaluans

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: seafaring

text: skills

text: with

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Maritime

text: Training

text: Institute

text: on

text: Amatuku

text: motu

text: island

text: Funafuti

text: providing

text: training

text: to

text: approximately

text: marine

text: cadets

text: each

text: year

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: the

text: skills

text: necessary

text: for

text: employment

text: as

text: seafarers

text: on

text: merchant

text: shipping

text: The

text: Tuvalu

text: Overseas

text: Seamen

text: 's

text: Union

text: TOSU

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: registered

text: trade

text: union

text: in

text: Tuvalu

text: It

text: represents

text: workers

text: on

text: foreign

text: ships

text: The

text: Asian

text: Development

text: Bank

text: ADB

text: estimates

text: that

text: Tuvaluan

text: men

text: are

text: trained

text: certified

text: and

text: active

text: as

text: seafarers

text: The

text: ADB

text: estimates

text: that

text: at

text: any

text: one

text: time

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: adult

text: male

text: population

text: works

text: abroad

text: as

text: seafarers

text: Job

text: opportunities

text: also

text: exist

text: as

text: observers

text: on

text: tuna

text: boats

text: where

text: the

text: role

text: is

text: to

text: monitor

text: compliance

text: with

text: the

text: boat

text: 's

text: tuna

text: fishing

text: licence

question: What school provides maritime education on Tuvalu?

answer: Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute

text: Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute

question: What is the yearly number of cadets at the Maritime Training Institute?

answer: 120

question: What is the only trade union on Tuvalu?

answer: Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union

text: Tuvalu Overseas Seamen's Union

question: On what does the Seaman'd Union represent workers?

answer: on foreign ships

text: on foreign ships

question: How many Tuvaluan men are active seafarers?

answer: 800


text: When Cowan Powers and his family recorded their old-time music from 1924-1926, his daughter Orpha Powers was one of the earliest known southern-music artists to record with the mandolin. By the 1930s, single mandolins were becoming more commonly used in southern string band music, most notably by brother duets such as the sedate Blue Sky Boys (Bill Bolick and Earl Bolick) and the more hard-driving Monroe Brothers (Bill Monroe and Charlie Monroe). However, the mandolin's modern popularity in country music can be directly traced to one man: Bill Monroe, the father of bluegrass music. After the Monroe Brothers broke up in 1939, Bill Monroe formed his own group, after a brief time called the Blue Grass Boys, and completed the transition of mandolin styles from a "parlor" sound typical of brother duets to the modern "bluegrass" style. He joined the Grand Ole Opry in 1939 and its powerful clear-channel broadcast signal on WSM-AM spread his style throughout the South, directly inspiring many musicians to take up the mandolin. Monroe famously played Gibson F-5 mandolin, signed and dated July 9, 1923, by Lloyd Loar, chief acoustic engineer at Gibson. The F-5 has since become the most imitated tonally and aesthetically by modern builders.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: When

text: Cowan

text: Powers

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: recorded

text: their

text: old

text: time

text: music

text: from

text: his

text: daughter

text: Orpha

text: Powers

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: southern

text: music

text: artists

text: to

text: record

text: with

text: the

text: mandolin

text: By

text: the

text: single

text: mandolins

text: were

text: becoming

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: southern

text: string

text: band

text: music

text: most

text: notably

text: by

text: brother

text: duets

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: sedate

text: Blue

text: Sky

text: Boys

text: Bill

text: Bolick

text: and

text: Earl

text: Bolick

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: hard

text: driving

text: Monroe

text: Brothers

text: Bill

text: Monroe

text: and

text: Charlie

text: Monroe

text: However

text: the

text: mandolin

text: 's

text: modern

text: popularity

text: in

text: country

text: music

text: can

text: be

text: directly

text: traced

text: to

text: one

text: man

text: Bill

text: Monroe

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: bluegrass

text: music

text: After

text: the

text: Monroe

text: Brothers

text: broke

text: up

text: in

text: Bill

text: Monroe

text: formed

text: his

text: own

text: group

text: after

text: a

text: brief

text: time

text: called

text: the

text: Blue

text: Grass

text: Boys

text: and

text: completed

text: the

text: transition

text: of

text: mandolin

text: styles

text: from

text: a

text: parlor

text: sound

text: typical

text: of

text: brother

text: duets

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: bluegrass

text: style

text: He

text: joined

text: the

text: Grand

text: Ole

text: Opry

text: in

text: and

text: its

text: powerful

text: clear

text: channel

text: broadcast

text: signal

text: on

text: WSM

text: AM

text: spread

text: his

text: style

text: throughout

text: the

text: South

text: directly

text: inspiring

text: many

text: musicians

text: to

text: take

text: up

text: the

text: mandolin

text: Monroe

text: famously

text: played

text: Gibson

text: mandolin

text: signed

text: and

text: dated

text: July

text: by

text: Lloyd

text: Loar

text: chief

text: acoustic

text: engineer

text: at

text: Gibson

text: The

text: has

text: since

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: imitated

text: tonally

text: and

text: aesthetically

text: by

text: modern

text: builders

question: What family recorded an old-time music in 1924-1926?

answer: Cowan Powers and his family

text: Cowan Powers and his family

question: Who was the earliest known southern music artist?

answer: Orpha Powers

text: Orpha Powers

question: What type of mandolin was becoming popular by 1930's?

answer: single mandolins

text: single mandolins

question: Who was considered the father of Bluegrass music?

answer: Bill Monroe

text: Bill Monroe

question: What was Bill Monroe's group called?

answer: Blue Grass Boys

text: Blue Grass Boys

question: What family recorded an new-time music in 1924-1926?

question: Who was the earliest known northern music artist?

text: Orpha Powers

question: What type of mandolin was becoming popular by 1935's?

text: single mandolins

question: Who was considered the mother of Bluegrass music?

text: Bill Monroe


text: Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: Prior

text: to

text: approximately

text: Jews

text: were

text: living

text: in

text: lands

text: which

text: now

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: excluding

text: Israel

text: Of

text: these

text: just

text: under

text: two

text: thirds

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: controlled

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Iraq

text: approximately

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: approximately

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yemen

text: A

text: further

text: lived

text: in

text: Pahlavi

text: Iran

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Today

text: around

text: Jews

text: live

text: in

text: Arab

text: countries

text: and

text: around

text: in

text: Iran

text: and

text: Turkey

text: A

text: small

text: scale

text: exodus

text: had

text: begun

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: although

text: the

text: only

text: substantial

text: aliyah

text: came

text: from

text: Yemen

text: and

text: Syria

text: The

text: exodus

text: from

text: Arab

text: and

text: Muslim

text: countries

text: took

text: place

text: primarily

text: from

text: The

text: first

text: large

text: scale

text: exoduses

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: primarily

text: in

text: Iraq

text: Yemen

text: and

text: Libya

text: with

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: these

text: communities

text: leaving

text: within

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: The

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: exodus

text: from

text: Egypt

text: occurred

text: in

text: The

text: exodus

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: countries

text: peaked

text: in

text: the

text: Lebanon

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: Arab

text: country

text: to

text: see

text: a

text: temporary

text: increase

text: in

text: its

text: Jewish

text: population

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: refugees

text: from

text: other

text: Arab

text: countries

text: although

text: by

text: the

text: the

text: Jewish

text: community

text: of

text: Lebanon

text: had

text: also

text: dwindled

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: exodus

text: wave

text: from

text: Arab

text: states

text: an

text: additional

text: migration

text: of

text: Iranian

text: Jews

text: peaked

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: around

text: of

text: Iranian

text: Jews

text: left

text: the

text: country.[citation

text: needed

question: Prior to 1948, how many Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel)?

answer: 800,000

question: When did a small-scale exodus begin in many countries?

answer: early decades of the 20th century

text: early decades of the 20th century

question: The only substantial aliyah came from where?

answer: Yemen and Syria

text: Yemen and Syria

question: How many Jews lived in Arab world prior to 1948, including Israel?

question: What percentage of Jews lived in Pahlavi Iran?

question: How many Jews lived outside of the Arab world prior to 1948?

question: Where did the last large scale exoduses of the 1940s and 1950s occur?

text: Iraq, Yemen and Libya

question: When did the migration of Iranian Jews hit its lowest point?


text: The New York City Fire Department faces highly multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, there are many secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires. New York is also home to one of the largest subway systems in the world, consisting of hundreds of miles of tunnel with electrified track.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Fire

text: Department

text: faces

text: highly

text: multifaceted

text: firefighting

text: challenges

text: in

text: many

text: ways

text: unique

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: responding

text: to

text: building

text: types

text: that

text: range

text: from

text: wood

text: frame

text: single

text: family

text: homes

text: to

text: high

text: rise

text: structures

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: secluded

text: bridges

text: and

text: tunnels

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: large

text: parks

text: and

text: wooded

text: areas

text: that

text: can

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: brush

text: fires

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: subway

text: systems

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: consisting

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: miles

text: of

text: tunnel

text: with

text: electrified

text: track

question: New York is home to what largest transportation system in the world?

answer: subway systems

text: subway systems

question: What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands?

answer: brush fires

text: brush fires


text: Height limits in the Melbourne CBD were lifted in 1958, after the construction of ICI House, transforming the city's skyline with the introduction of skyscrapers. Suburban expansion then intensified, serviced by new indoor malls beginning with Chadstone Shopping Centre. The post-war period also saw a major renewal of the CBD and St Kilda Road which significantly modernised the city. New fire regulations and redevelopment saw most of the taller pre-war CBD buildings either demolished or partially retained through a policy of facadism. Many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era were also either demolished or subdivided.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Height

text: limits

text: in

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: CBD

text: were

text: lifted

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: ICI

text: House

text: transforming

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: skyline

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: skyscrapers

text: Suburban

text: expansion

text: then

text: intensified

text: serviced

text: by

text: new

text: indoor

text: malls

text: beginning

text: with

text: Chadstone

text: Shopping

text: Centre

text: The

text: post

text: war

text: period

text: also

text: saw

text: a

text: major

text: renewal

text: of

text: the

text: CBD

text: and

text: St

text: Kilda

text: Road

text: which

text: significantly

text: modernised

text: the

text: city

text: New

text: fire

text: regulations

text: and

text: redevelopment

text: saw

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: taller

text: pre

text: war

text: CBD

text: buildings

text: either

text: demolished

text: or

text: partially

text: retained

text: through

text: a

text: policy

text: of

text: facadism

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: suburban

text: mansions

text: from

text: the

text: boom

text: era

text: were

text: also

text: either

text: demolished

text: or

text: subdivided

question: In what year were height limits lifted in the Melbourne CBD?

answer: 1958

question: Which was the first new indoor mall in Melbourne?

answer: Chadstone Shopping Centre

text: Chadstone Shopping Centre

question: What happened to many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era?

answer: demolished or subdivided

text: demolished or subdivided

question: Which two areas saw a significant renewal after the post-war period and significantly modernised the city?

answer: CBD and St Kilda Road

text: CBD and St Kilda Road


text: A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to "put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357" or to "add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595." The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: A

text: computer

text: 's

text: memory

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: cells

text: into

text: which

text: numbers

text: can

text: be

text: placed

text: or

text: read

text: Each

text: cell

text: has

text: a

text: numbered

text: address

text: and

text: can

text: store

text: a

text: single

text: number

text: The

text: computer

text: can

text: be

text: instructed

text: to

text: put

text: the

text: number

text: into

text: the

text: cell

text: numbered

text: or

text: to

text: add

text: the

text: number

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: cell

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: cell

text: and

text: put

text: the

text: answer

text: into

text: cell

text: The

text: information

text: stored

text: in

text: memory

text: may

text: represent

text: practically

text: anything

text: Letters

text: numbers

text: even

text: computer

text: instructions

text: can

text: be

text: placed

text: into

text: memory

text: with

text: equal

text: ease

text: Since

text: the

text: CPU

text: does

text: not

text: differentiate

text: between

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: information

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: software

text: 's

text: responsibility

text: to

text: give

text: significance

text: to

text: what

text: the

text: memory

text: sees

text: as

text: nothing

text: but

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: numbers

question: How many numbers can a cell of a computer's memory hold?

answer: a single number

text: a single number

question: What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?

answer: the software's

text: the software's


text: Being identified as either "black" or "white" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australians – where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. Aborigines were not allowed to vote and were often confined to reserves and forced into low paid or effectively slave labour. The social position of mixed-race or "half-caste" individuals varied over time. A 1913 report by Sir Baldwin Spencer states that:

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Being

text: identified

text: as

text: either

text: black

text: or

text: white

text: in

text: Australia

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: was

text: critical

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: employment

text: and

text: social

text: prospects

text: Various

text: state

text: based

text: Aboriginal

text: Protection

text: Boards

text: were

text: established

text: which

text: had

text: virtually

text: complete

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: Australians

text: where

text: they

text: lived

text: their

text: employment

text: marriage

text: education

text: and

text: included

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: separate

text: children

text: from

text: their

text: parents

text: Aborigines

text: were

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: vote

text: and

text: were

text: often

text: confined

text: to

text: reserves

text: and

text: forced

text: into

text: low

text: paid

text: or

text: effectively

text: slave

text: labour

text: The

text: social

text: position

text: of

text: mixed

text: race

text: or

text: half

text: caste

text: individuals

text: varied

text: over

text: time

text: A

text: report

text: by

text: Sir

text: Baldwin

text: Spencer

text: states

text: that

question: What was established to control the Indigenous Australians?

answer: Aboriginal Protection Boards

text: Aboriginal Protection Boards

question: What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control?

answer: where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents.

text: where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents.

question: Were Aborigines allowed to vote?

answer: Aborigines were not allowed to vote

text: Aborigines were not allowed to vote

question: Who reported how the Aborigines were treated?

answer: Sir Baldwin Spencer

text: Sir Baldwin Spencer

question: What year was his report from?

answer: 1913


text: In Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazilian constitution since 1891, although some of them would distort some of the federalist principles. The 1937 Constitution, for example, granted the federal government the authority to appoint State Governors (called interventors) at will, thus centralizing power in the hands of President Getúlio Vargas. Brazil also uses the Fonseca system to regulate interstate trade. Brazil is one of the biggest federal governments.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: In

text: Brazil

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: in

text: by

text: a

text: military

text: coup

text: d'état

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: presidential

text: system

text: headed

text: by

text: Deodoro

text: da

text: Fonseca

text: Aided

text: by

text: well

text: known

text: jurist

text: Ruy

text: Barbosa

text: Fonseca

text: established

text: federalism

text: in

text: Brazil

text: by

text: decree

text: but

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: would

text: be

text: confirmed

text: by

text: every

text: Brazilian

text: constitution

text: since

text: although

text: some

text: of

text: them

text: would

text: distort

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: federalist

text: principles

text: The

text: Constitution

text: for

text: example

text: granted

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: appoint

text: State

text: Governors

text: called

text: interventors

text: at

text: will

text: thus

text: centralizing

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: President

text: Getúlio

text: Vargas

text: Brazil

text: also

text: uses

text: the

text: Fonseca

text: system

text: to

text: regulate

text: interstate

text: trade

text: Brazil

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: federal

text: governments

question: When was Brazil's fall of the monarchy?

answer: 1889

question: Who caused the fall of the monarchy happened in Brazil?

answer: military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca.

text: military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca.

question: When did Brazil adopt federalism?

answer: 1891

question: What other system does Brazil use?

answer: Fonseca system

text: Fonseca system

question: What is the fonseca system?

answer: regulate interstate trade

text: regulate interstate trade

question: When was Brazil's rise of the monarchy?

question: Who didn't cause the fall of the monarchy that happened in Brazil?

question: When did Brazil reject federalism?

question: What other system does Brazil reject?

text: Fonseca system

question: What isn't the fonseca system?

text: regulate interstate trade


text: Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 成都高新技术产业开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Kāifā Qū) was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in successive assessment activities held by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: Established

text: in

text: Chengdu

text: Hi

text: tech

text: Industrial

text: Development

text: Zone

text: Chinese

text: 成都高新技术产业开发区

text: pinyin

text: Chéngdū

text: Gāoxīn

text: Jìshù

text: Chǎnyè

text: Kāifā

text: Qū

text: was

text: approved

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: national

text: hi

text: tech

text: development

text: zones

text: in

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: open

text: to

text: APEC

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: recognized

text: as

text: a

text: national

text: advanced

text: hi

text: tech

text: development

text: zone

text: in

text: successive

text: assessment

text: activities

text: held

text: by

text: China

text: 's

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: It

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: national

text: hi

text: tech

text: development

text: zones

text: in

text: China

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: strength

question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?

answer: 1988

question: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?

answer: 1991

question: The Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?

answer: 5th

question: what was approved as a hi-tech development zone in 1988?

question: Wat development zone was established in 1991?

question: What ranks number 5 in world development zones?

question: When was the APEC Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?

question: When was the APEC Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?

question: The Chengdu APEC is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?

question: What has been recognized as a pinyin?

text: Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone

question: How many national APEC zones are in China?


text: People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: People

text: have

text: used

text: wood

text: for

text: millennia

text: for

text: many

text: purposes

text: primarily

text: as

text: a

text: fuel

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: construction

text: material

text: for

text: making

text: houses

text: tools

text: weapons

text: furniture

text: packaging

text: artworks

text: and

text: paper

text: The

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: variation

text: in

text: tree

text: ring

text: widths

text: and

text: isotopic

text: abundances

text: gives

text: clues

text: to

text: the

text: prevailing

text: climate

text: at

text: that

text: time

question: What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel?

answer: construction material

text: construction material

question: What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people?

answer: houses

text: houses

question: For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?

answer: tree-ring widths

text: tree-ring widths

question: What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers?

answer: weapons

text: weapons

question: What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to?

answer: furniture

text: furniture


text: In the 20th century, as Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan had all been occupied by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the capital of the Republic of China had been temporary relocated to Chongqing, then a major city in Sichuan. An enduring legacy of this move is that nearby inland provinces, such as Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou, which previously never had modern Western-style universities, began to be developed in this regard. The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate hindering the accuracy of Japanese bombing of the Sichuan Basin, made the region the stronghold of Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang government during 1938-45, and led to the Bombing of Chongqing.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: Beijing

text: Shanghai

text: Nanjing

text: and

text: Wuhan

text: had

text: all

text: been

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Japanese

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: had

text: been

text: temporary

text: relocated

text: to

text: Chongqing

text: then

text: a

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: An

text: enduring

text: legacy

text: of

text: this

text: move

text: is

text: that

text: nearby

text: inland

text: provinces

text: such

text: as

text: Shaanxi

text: Gansu

text: and

text: Guizhou

text: which

text: previously

text: never

text: had

text: modern

text: Western

text: style

text: universities

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: developed

text: in

text: this

text: regard

text: The

text: difficulty

text: of

text: accessing

text: the

text: region

text: overland

text: from

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: foggy

text: climate

text: hindering

text: the

text: accuracy

text: of

text: Japanese

text: bombing

text: of

text: the

text: Sichuan

text: Basin

text: made

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: stronghold

text: of

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: Shek

text: 's

text: Kuomintang

text: government

text: during

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Bombing

text: of

text: Chongqing

question: To which city was the Chinese capitol relocated to during Japanese occupation in the 20th century?

answer: Chongqing

text: Chongqing

question: What are some major cities occupied by the Chinese during the Second Sino-Japanese War?

answer: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan

text: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan

question: What are some inland provinces that began to develop modern, westernized education systems?

answer: Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou

text: Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou

question: What are some reasons for the lack of accurate Japanese bombing during the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Sichuan Basin?

answer: The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate

text: The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate

question: What regions where occuppied dring the first Sino-Japanese War?

text: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan

question: Where was the capital relocated to during the First Sino-Japanese War?

text: Chongqing

question: What caused inland provinces to lose Western-style universities?

question: What made the Sichuan basin suseptable to bombing?

text: foggy climate

question: Who fled the area during 1938-45?

text: Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang government

question: To which city was the Gansu capitol relocated to during Japanese occupation in the 20th century?

text: Chongqing

question: What are some major cities occupied by the Chinese during the foggy climate?

text: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan

question: What are some inland provinces that began to develop major cities?

text: Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou

question: What are some reasons for the lack of accurate Japanese capitals the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Sichuan Basin?

question: When was Guizhou the stronghold of Chiang Kai-Shek Koumintang's government?


text: The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the U.S. Census Bureau in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district is a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska. The state is divided into 34 recording districts which are centrally administered under a State Recorder. All recording districts use the same acceptance criteria, fee schedule, etc., for accepting documents into the public record.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: Unorganized

text: Borough

text: has

text: no

text: government

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: but

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: in

text: cooperation

text: with

text: the

text: state

text: divided

text: the

text: Unorganized

text: Borough

text: into

text: census

text: areas

text: solely

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: statistical

text: analysis

text: and

text: presentation

text: A

text: recording

text: district

text: is

text: a

text: mechanism

text: for

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: record

text: in

text: Alaska

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: recording

text: districts

text: which

text: are

text: centrally

text: administered

text: under

text: a

text: State

text: Recorder

text: All

text: recording

text: districts

text: use

text: the

text: same

text: acceptance

text: criteria

text: fee

text: schedule

text: etc

text: for

text: accepting

text: documents

text: into

text: the

text: public

text: record

question: Into how many recording districts is Alaska divided?

answer: 34

question: What is the function of an Alaskan recording district?

answer: a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska

text: a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska

question: Which documents do recording districts universally use between areas?

answer: acceptance criteria, fee schedule, etc.

text: acceptance criteria, fee schedule, etc.

question: Into how many recording districts isn't Alaska divided?

question: What isn't the function of an Alaskan recording district?

question: What is the function of an Alaskan singing district?

question: Which documents do recording districts universally never use between areas?

text: acceptance criteria, fee schedule, etc.

question: Which songs do recording districts universally use between areas?

text: acceptance criteria, fee schedule, etc.


text: In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local "Clerk of the Peace" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: In

text: English

text: Freemasonry

text: almost

text: came

text: to

text: a

text: halt

text: due

text: to

text: Parliamentary

text: proclamation

text: In

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: the

text: Unlawful

text: Societies

text: Act

text: banned

text: any

text: meetings

text: of

text: groups

text: that

text: required

text: their

text: members

text: to

text: take

text: an

text: oath

text: or

text: obligation

text: The

text: Grand

text: Masters

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Moderns

text: and

text: the

text: Antients

text: Grand

text: Lodges

text: called

text: on

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: William

text: Pitt

text: who

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: Freemason

text: and

text: explained

text: to

text: him

text: that

text: Freemasonry

text: was

text: a

text: supporter

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: and

text: lawfully

text: constituted

text: authority

text: and

text: was

text: much

text: involved

text: in

text: charitable

text: work

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Freemasonry

text: was

text: specifically

text: exempted

text: from

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Act

text: provided

text: that

text: each

text: private

text: lodge

text: 's

text: Secretary

text: placed

text: with

text: the

text: local

text: Clerk

text: of

text: the

text: Peace

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: his

text: lodge

text: once

text: a

text: year

text: This

text: continued

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: obligation

text: of

text: the

text: provision

text: was

text: rescinded

text: by

text: Parliament

question: What put English Freemasonry at risk?

answer: Parliamentary proclamation

text: Parliamentary proclamation

question: What did the Unlawful Socities Act ban?

answer: meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation

text: meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation

question: When was the Unlawful Socities Act implemented?

answer: 1799

question: What was each private lodge required to provide to the Clerk of Peace every year?

answer: a list of the members of his lodge

text: a list of the members of his lodge

question: Who did the Grand Masters call upon to explain that Freemasonry was not an unlawful society?

answer: Prime Minister William Pitt

text: Prime Minister William Pitt

question: English Freemasonry almost came to a halt in what year?

answer: 1799

question: Why did English Freemasonry almost come to a halt in 1799?

answer: Parliamentary proclamation

text: Parliamentary proclamation

question: What act was made in 1799 banning any meeting of groups that had to take an oath or obligation?

answer: the Unlawful Societies Act 1799

text: the Unlawful Societies Act 1799

question: Who gave the Freemasons an exemption of the Act of 1799?

answer: Prime Minister William Pitt

text: Prime Minister William Pitt

question: What year did parliament rescind the exemption of 1799 given to the Freemasons?

answer: 1967

question: What put Canadian Freemasonry at risk?

text: Parliamentary proclamation

question: What did the Unlawful Societies Act encourage?

question: When was the Unlawful Societies Act forgotten?

question: What was each private lodge required to provide to the Clerk of Peace every week?

text: a list of the members of his lodge

question: Why did English Freemasonry almost come to a halt in 1699?

text: Parliamentary proclamation


text: With continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects a non-traditional conception of Europe's world role as a global "civilian power", exercising collective influence in the functional spheres of trade and diplomacy, as an alternative to military dominance. The European Union is a supranational union and not a sovereign state, and has limited scope in the areas of foreign affairs and defence policy. These remain largely with the member states of the European Union, which include the three great powers of France, Germany and the United Kingdom (referred to as the "EU three").

title: Great_power

title: Great_power

text: With

text: continuing

text: European

text: integration

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: is

text: increasingly

text: being

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: power

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: right

text: with

text: representation

text: at

text: the

text: WTO

text: and

text: at

text: and

text: summits

text: This

text: is

text: most

text: notable

text: in

text: areas

text: where

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: has

text: exclusive

text: competence

text: i.e.

text: economic

text: affairs

text: It

text: also

text: reflects

text: a

text: non

text: traditional

text: conception

text: of

text: Europe

text: 's

text: world

text: role

text: as

text: a

text: global

text: civilian

text: power

text: exercising

text: collective

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: functional

text: spheres

text: of

text: trade

text: and

text: diplomacy

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: military

text: dominance

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: is

text: a

text: supranational

text: union

text: and

text: not

text: a

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: has

text: limited

text: scope

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: and

text: defence

text: policy

text: These

text: remain

text: largely

text: with

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: three

text: great

text: powers

text: of

text: France

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: EU

text: three

question: What organization is often seen as a great power in addition to member counties?

answer: European Union

text: European Union

question: What other tools are used as alternative to military force?

answer: trade and diplomacy

text: trade and diplomacy

question: How many great powers are members of Europian Union?

answer: three

text: three

question: What summits does EU have membership?

answer: WTO and at G8 and G-20

text: WTO and at G8 and G-20

question: Where does Europe use its military dominance?

question: As a supranational union, what are the UK's limits?

question: How many great powers are members of the WTO?

text: three

question: At what summits does Germany have representation?

text: WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits

question: In what area is the WTO exclusively competent?

text: economic affairs


text: Mathematics: From the earliest the Chinese used a positional decimal system on counting boards in order to calculate. To express 10, a single rod is placed in the second box from the right. The spoken language uses a similar system to English: e.g. four thousand two hundred seven. No symbol was used for zero. By the 1st century BC, negative numbers and decimal fractions were in use and The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art included methods for extracting higher order roots by Horner's method and solving linear equations and by Pythagoras' theorem. Cubic equations were solved in the Tang dynasty and solutions of equations of order higher than 3 appeared in print in 1245 AD by Ch'in Chiu-shao. Pascal's triangle for binomial coefficients was described around 1100 by Jia Xian.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Mathematics

text: From

text: the

text: earliest

text: the

text: Chinese

text: used

text: a

text: positional

text: decimal

text: system

text: on

text: counting

text: boards

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: calculate

text: To

text: express

text: a

text: single

text: rod

text: is

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: box

text: from

text: the

text: right

text: The

text: spoken

text: language

text: uses

text: a

text: similar

text: system

text: to

text: English

text: e.g.

text: four

text: thousand

text: two

text: hundred

text: seven

text: No

text: symbol

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: zero

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: negative

text: numbers

text: and

text: decimal

text: fractions

text: were

text: in

text: use

text: and

text: The

text: Nine

text: Chapters

text: on

text: the

text: Mathematical

text: Art

text: included

text: methods

text: for

text: extracting

text: higher

text: order

text: roots

text: by

text: Horner

text: 's

text: method

text: and

text: solving

text: linear

text: equations

text: and

text: by

text: Pythagoras

text: theorem

text: Cubic

text: equations

text: were

text: solved

text: in

text: the

text: Tang

text: dynasty

text: and

text: solutions

text: of

text: equations

text: of

text: order

text: higher

text: than

text: appeared

text: in

text: print

text: in

text: AD

text: by

text: Ch'in

text: Chiu

text: shao

text: Pascal

text: 's

text: triangle

text: for

text: binomial

text: coefficients

text: was

text: described

text: around

text: by

text: Jia

text: Xian

question: What method did early Chinese mathematicians use to calculate?

answer: a positional decimal system on counting boards

text: a positional decimal system on counting boards

question: One rod in the second box from the right is what number?

answer: 10

question: When did negative numbers and decimals start being used?

answer: 1st century BC

text: 1st century BC

question: What text includes Horner's method?

answer: The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

text: The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

question: What advanced mathematical methods did the Tang dynasty have?

answer: Cubic equations

text: Cubic equations


text: Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.

title: Southern_Europe

title: Southern_Europe

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: 's

text: most

text: emblematic

text: climate

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: which

text: has

text: become

text: a

text: typically

text: known

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: covers

text: much

text: of

text: Portugal

text: Spain

text: Southeast

text: France

text: Italy

text: Croatia

text: Albania

text: Montenegro

text: Greece

text: the

text: Western

text: and

text: Southern

text: coastal

text: regions

text: of

text: Turkey

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: islands

text: Those

text: areas

text: of

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: present

text: similar

text: vegetations

text: and

text: landscapes

text: throughout

text: including

text: dry

text: hills

text: small

text: plains

text: pine

text: forests

text: and

text: olive

text: trees

question: What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe?

answer: The Mediterranean climate

text: The Mediterranean climate

question: Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?

answer: Western and Southern coastal regions

text: Western and Southern coastal regions

question: What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate?

answer: vegetations and landscapes

text: vegetations and landscapes

question: What climate is that of all of Europe?

text: Mediterranean climate

question: What countries have varying vegetations and landscapes?

question: Which parts of Greece are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?

text: Western and Southern coastal regions

question: What are two broad categories of similarity among forests which have a Mediterranean climate?

text: vegetations and landscapes

question: What kind of vegetation grows in the Mediterranean?

text: pine forests and olive trees


text: In response to the early-to-mid-17th century "continental rationalism" John Locke (1632–1704) proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) a very influential view wherein the only knowledge humans can have is a posteriori, i.e., based upon experience. Locke is famously attributed with holding the proposition that the human mind is a tabula rasa, a "blank tablet", in Locke's words "white paper", on which the experiences derived from sense impressions as a person's life proceeds are written. There are two sources of our ideas: sensation and reflection. In both cases, a distinction is made between simple and complex ideas. The former are unanalysable, and are broken down into primary and secondary qualities. Primary qualities are essential for the object in question to be what it is. Without specific primary qualities, an object would not be what it is. For example, an apple is an apple because of the arrangement of its atomic structure. If an apple was structured differently, it would cease to be an apple. Secondary qualities are the sensory information we can perceive from its primary qualities. For example, an apple can be perceived in various colours, sizes, and textures but it is still identified as an apple. Therefore, its primary qualities dictate what the object essentially is, while its secondary qualities define its attributes. Complex ideas combine simple ones, and divide into substances, modes, and relations. According to Locke, our knowledge of things is a perception of ideas that are in accordance or discordance with each other, which is very different from the quest for certainty of Descartes.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: century

text: continental

text: rationalism

text: John

text: Locke

text: proposed

text: in

text: An

text: Essay

text: Concerning

text: Human

text: Understanding

text: a

text: very

text: influential

text: view

text: wherein

text: the

text: only

text: knowledge

text: humans

text: can

text: have

text: is

text: a

text: posteriori

text: i.e.

text: based

text: upon

text: experience

text: Locke

text: is

text: famously

text: attributed

text: with

text: holding

text: the

text: proposition

text: that

text: the

text: human

text: mind

text: is

text: a

text: tabula

text: rasa

text: a

text: blank

text: tablet

text: in

text: Locke

text: 's

text: words

text: white

text: paper

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: experiences

text: derived

text: from

text: sense

text: impressions

text: as

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: proceeds

text: are

text: written

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: sources

text: of

text: our

text: ideas

text: sensation

text: and

text: reflection

text: In

text: both

text: cases

text: a

text: distinction

text: is

text: made

text: between

text: simple

text: and

text: complex

text: ideas

text: The

text: former

text: are

text: unanalysable

text: and

text: are

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: qualities

text: Primary

text: qualities

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: the

text: object

text: in

text: question

text: to

text: be

text: what

text: it

text: is

text: Without

text: specific

text: primary

text: qualities

text: an

text: object

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: what

text: it

text: is

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: apple

text: is

text: an

text: apple

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: arrangement

text: of

text: its

text: atomic

text: structure

text: If

text: an

text: apple

text: was

text: structured

text: differently

text: it

text: would

text: cease

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: apple

text: Secondary

text: qualities

text: are

text: the

text: sensory

text: information

text: we

text: can

text: perceive

text: from

text: its

text: primary

text: qualities

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: apple

text: can

text: be

text: perceived

text: in

text: various

text: colours

text: sizes

text: and

text: textures

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: identified

text: as

text: an

text: apple

text: Therefore

text: its

text: primary

text: qualities

text: dictate

text: what

text: the

text: object

text: essentially

text: is

text: while

text: its

text: secondary

text: qualities

text: define

text: its

text: attributes

text: Complex

text: ideas

text: combine

text: simple

text: ones

text: and

text: divide

text: into

text: substances

text: modes

text: and

text: relations

text: According

text: to

text: Locke

text: our

text: knowledge

text: of

text: things

text: is

text: a

text: perception

text: of

text: ideas

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: accordance

text: or

text: discordance

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: which

text: is

text: very

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: quest

text: for

text: certainty

text: of

text: Descartes

question: When was 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' published?

answer: 1689

question: Who wrote 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'?

answer: John Locke

text: John Locke

question: What does 'tabula rasa' mean?

answer: blank tablet

text: blank tablet

question: What did Locke say 'tabula rasa' meant?

answer: white paper

text: white paper

question: What did Locke's 'tabula rasa' concept say happens to the mind?

answer: on which the experiences derived from sense impressions as a person's life proceeds are written

text: on which the experiences derived from sense impressions as a person's life proceeds are written

question: What did Descarte call our knowledge of things?

question: What did Descarte publish in 1689?

text: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

question: When was Descartes born?

question: Who founded continental rationalism?

text: Descartes

question: Why are primary qualities non-essential?


text: Aristotle's explanation of how this was possible was not strictly empiricist in a modern sense, but rather based on his theory of potentiality and actuality, and experience of sense perceptions still requires the help of the active nous. These notions contrasted with Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth (see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others). Aristotle was considered to give a more important position to sense perception than Plato, and commentators in the Middle Ages summarized one of his positions as "nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu" (Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses").

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: explanation

text: of

text: how

text: this

text: was

text: possible

text: was

text: not

text: strictly

text: empiricist

text: in

text: a

text: modern

text: sense

text: but

text: rather

text: based

text: on

text: his

text: theory

text: of

text: potentiality

text: and

text: actuality

text: and

text: experience

text: of

text: sense

text: perceptions

text: still

text: requires

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: the

text: active

text: nous

text: These

text: notions

text: contrasted

text: with

text: Platonic

text: notions

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: mind

text: as

text: an

text: entity

text: that

text: pre

text: existed

text: somewhere

text: in

text: the

text: heavens

text: before

text: being

text: sent

text: down

text: to

text: join

text: a

text: body

text: on

text: Earth

text: see

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Phaedo

text: and

text: Apology

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: others

text: Aristotle

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: give

text: a

text: more

text: important

text: position

text: to

text: sense

text: perception

text: than

text: Plato

text: and

text: commentators

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: summarized

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: positions

text: as

text: nihil

text: in

text: intellectu

text: nisi

text: prius

text: fuerit

text: in

text: sensu

text: Latin

text: for

text: nothing

text: in

text: the

text: intellect

text: without

text: first

text: being

text: in

text: the

text: senses

question: What theory was Aristotle's explanation based on?

answer: his theory of potentiality and actuality

text: his theory of potentiality and actuality

question: How did Plato's Phaedo and Apology think of the mind?

answer: an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth

text: an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth

question: Who thought the senses were more important, Aristotle or Plato?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

question: Who thought the senses were less important, Aristotle or Plato?

answer: Plato

text: Plato

question: What does "nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu" mean?

answer: Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses"

text: Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses"

question: Which commentator summarized a position in latin?

text: Plato

question: What did Aristotle write?

text: Phaedo and Apology

question: Why is Plato considered an empiricist?

question: What position by Plato was summarized by Middle Ages commentators?

question: Where did Aristotle say the human mind existed?

text: somewhere in the heavens


text: The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: Education

text: and

text: Employment

text: Directorate

text: also

text: offers

text: programmes

text: for

text: students

text: with

text: special

text: needs

text: vocational

text: training

text: adult

text: education

text: evening

text: classes

text: and

text: distance

text: learning

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: a

text: public

text: library

text: the

text: oldest

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: a

text: mobile

text: library

text: service

text: which

text: operates

text: weekly

text: rural

text: areas

question: When does the mobile library service operate?

answer: weekly

text: weekly

question: Who provides programs to students with special needs?

answer: The Education and Employment Directorate

text: The Education and Employment Directorate


text: Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence. These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco). Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. DuPont maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation, has its corporate headquarters in Richmond.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Other

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: while

text: not

text: headquartered

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: do

text: have

text: a

text: major

text: presence

text: These

text: include

text: SunTrust

text: Bank

text: based

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: Capital

text: One

text: Financial

text: Corporation

text: officially

text: based

text: in

text: McLean

text: Virginia

text: but

text: founded

text: in

text: Richmond

text: with

text: its

text: operations

text: center

text: and

text: most

text: employees

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: medical

text: and

text: pharmaceutical

text: giant

text: McKesson

text: based

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Capital

text: One

text: and

text: Altria

text: company

text: 's

text: Philip

text: Morris

text: USA

text: are

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: private

text: Richmond

text: area

text: employers

text: DuPont

text: maintains

text: a

text: production

text: facility

text: in

text: South

text: Richmond

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Spruance

text: Plant

text: UPS

text: Freight

text: the

text: less

text: than

text: truckload

text: division

text: of

text: UPS

text: and

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Overnite

text: Transportation

text: has

text: its

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Richmond

question: Where is SunTrust Bank headquartered?

answer: Atlanta

text: Atlanta

question: What city is the headquarters of McKesson located in?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: Who owns Philip Morris USA?

answer: Altria

text: Altria

question: What DuPont factory is located in the Richmond area?

answer: Spruance Plant

text: Spruance Plant

question: What was the former name of UPS Freight?

answer: Overnite Transportation

text: Overnite Transportation


text: In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

title: Aspirated_consonant

title: Aspirated_consonant

text: In

text: many

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: Armenian

text: Korean

text: Thai

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: languages

text: Dravidian

text: languages

text: Icelandic

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: the

text: varieties

text: of

text: Chinese

text: tenuis

text: and

text: aspirated

text: consonants

text: are

text: phonemic

text: Unaspirated

text: consonants

text: like

text: p˭

text: s˭

text: and

text: aspirated

text: consonants

text: like

text: pʰ

text: ʰp

text: sʰ

text: are

text: separate

text: phonemes

text: and

text: words

text: are

text: distinguished

text: by

text: whether

text: they

text: have

text: one

text: or

text: the

text: other

question: In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?

answer: phonemic

text: phonemic

question: [p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what?

answer: phonemes

text: phonemes

question: In the Armenian language, tenuis and unaspirated stops are what?

text: phonemic

question: What makes up combined phonemes?

question: Sentences are distinguished by what?

text: whether they have one or the other

question: In the English language, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?

text: phonemic

question: An example of an unaspirated stop is?

text: [p˭ s˭]


text: During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: During

text: the

text: years

text: immediately

text: following

text: the

text: novel

text: 's

text: publication

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: enjoyed

text: the

text: attention

text: its

text: popularity

text: garnered

text: her

text: granting

text: interviews

text: visiting

text: schools

text: and

text: attending

text: events

text: honoring

text: the

text: book

text: In

text: when

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: was

text: in

text: its

text: week

text: on

text: the

text: bestseller

text: list

text: it

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: stunning

text: Lee

text: It

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: Brotherhood

text: Award

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Conference

text: of

text: Christians

text: and

text: Jews

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: Paperback

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: award

text: from

text: Bestsellers

text: magazine

text: in

text: Starting

text: in

text: Lee

text: began

text: to

text: turn

text: down

text: interviews

text: complaining

text: that

text: the

text: questions

text: were

text: monotonous

text: and

text: grew

text: concerned

text: that

text: attention

text: she

text: received

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: publicity

text: celebrities

text: sought

text: Since

text: the

text: she

text: declined

text: talking

text: with

text: reporters

text: about

text: the

text: book

text: She

text: also

text: steadfastly

text: refused

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: introduction

text: writing

text: in

text: Introductions

text: inhibit

text: pleasure

text: they

text: kill

text: the

text: joy

text: of

text: anticipation

text: they

text: frustrate

text: curiosity

text: The

text: only

text: good

text: thing

text: about

text: Introductions

text: is

text: that

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: they

text: delay

text: the

text: dose

text: to

text: come

text: Mockingbird

text: still

text: says

text: what

text: it

text: has

text: to

text: say

text: it

text: has

text: managed

text: to

text: survive

text: the

text: years

text: without

text: preamble

question: Which year did To Kill a Mockingbird win the Pulitzer Prize?

answer: 1961

question: How many weeks did To Kill a Mockingbird remain on the bestsellers list when it won the Pulitzer Prize?

answer: 41

question: Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine was awarded when?

answer: 1962

question: When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book?

answer: 1964

question: What major award did the book receive in 1961?

answer: the Pulitzer Prize

text: the Pulitzer Prize

question: In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book?

answer: 1964


text: The style of Japanese professional wrestling (puroresu) is again different. With its origins in traditional American style of wrestling and still being under the same genre, it has become an entity in itself. Despite the similarity to its American counterpart in that the outcome of the matches remains predetermined, the phenomena are different in the form of the psychology and presentation of the sport; it is treated as a full contact combat sport as it mixes hard hitting martial arts strikes with shoot style submission holds, while in the U.S. it is rather more regarded as an entertainment show. Wrestlers incorporate kicks and strikes from martial arts disciplines, and a strong emphasis is placed on submission wrestling, and unlike the use of involved storylines in the U.S., they are not as intricate in Japan, more emphasis is placed on the concept of Fighting Spirit, meaning the Wrestlers display of physical and mental stamina are valued a lot more than theatrics. Many of Japan's wrestlers including top stars such as Shinya Hashimoto, Riki Choshu and Keiji Mutoh came from a legitimate martial arts background and many Japanese wrestlers in the 1990s began to pursue careers in mixed martial arts organizations such as Pancrase and Shooto which at the time retained the original look of puroresu, but were actual competitions.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: The

text: style

text: of

text: Japanese

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: puroresu

text: is

text: again

text: different

text: With

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: traditional

text: American

text: style

text: of

text: wrestling

text: and

text: still

text: being

text: under

text: the

text: same

text: genre

text: it

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: entity

text: in

text: itself

text: Despite

text: the

text: similarity

text: to

text: its

text: American

text: counterpart

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: matches

text: remains

text: predetermined

text: the

text: phenomena

text: are

text: different

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: psychology

text: and

text: presentation

text: of

text: the

text: sport

text: it

text: is

text: treated

text: as

text: a

text: full

text: contact

text: combat

text: sport

text: as

text: it

text: mixes

text: hard

text: hitting

text: martial

text: arts

text: strikes

text: with

text: shoot

text: style

text: submission

text: holds

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: it

text: is

text: rather

text: more

text: regarded

text: as

text: an

text: entertainment

text: show

text: Wrestlers

text: incorporate

text: kicks

text: and

text: strikes

text: from

text: martial

text: arts

text: disciplines

text: and

text: a

text: strong

text: emphasis

text: is

text: placed

text: on

text: submission

text: wrestling

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: involved

text: storylines

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: intricate

text: in

text: Japan

text: more

text: emphasis

text: is

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: Fighting

text: Spirit

text: meaning

text: the

text: Wrestlers

text: display

text: of

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: stamina

text: are

text: valued

text: a

text: lot

text: more

text: than

text: theatrics

text: Many

text: of

text: Japan

text: 's

text: wrestlers

text: including

text: top

text: stars

text: such

text: as

text: Shinya

text: Hashimoto

text: Riki

text: Choshu

text: and

text: Keiji

text: Mutoh

text: came

text: from

text: a

text: legitimate

text: martial

text: arts

text: background

text: and

text: many

text: Japanese

text: wrestlers

text: in

text: the

text: began

text: to

text: pursue

text: careers

text: in

text: mixed

text: martial

text: arts

text: organizations

text: such

text: as

text: Pancrase

text: and

text: Shooto

text: which

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: retained

text: the

text: original

text: look

text: of

text: puroresu

text: but

text: were

text: actual

text: competitions

question: How is Japanese wrestling similar to American?

answer: outcome of the matches remains predetermined

text: outcome of the matches remains predetermined

question: How does Japanese wrestling differ?

answer: the form of the psychology and presentation of the sport

text: the form of the psychology and presentation of the sport

question: What does Japanese wrestling combine?

answer: hard hitting martial arts strikes with shoot style submission holds

text: hard hitting martial arts strikes with shoot style submission holds

question: What is the emphasis placed on in Japanese wrestling?

answer: Fighting Spirit

text: Fighting Spirit

question: What is a common background for a Japanese wrestler?

answer: legitimate martial arts

text: legitimate martial arts


text: The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company, in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar, or in 1772, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: New

text: Imperialism

text: saw

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: nearly

text: all

text: eastern

text: hemisphere

text: territories

text: by

text: colonial

text: powers

text: The

text: commercial

text: colonization

text: of

text: India

text: commenced

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Plassey

text: when

text: the

text: Nawab

text: of

text: Bengal

text: surrendered

text: his

text: dominions

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Company

text: was

text: granted

text: the

text: diwani

text: or

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: collect

text: revenue

text: in

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Bihar

text: or

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Company

text: established

text: a

text: capital

text: in

text: Calcutta

text: appointed

text: its

text: first

text: Governor

text: General

text: Warren

text: Hastings

text: and

text: became

text: directly

text: involved

text: in

text: governance

question: What did the development of new imperialism cause?

answer: the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers.

text: the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers.

question: When did the commercial colonization of India begin?

answer: 1757

question: What happened n the battle of Plassey?

answer: Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company

text: Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company

question: When was the British East Company given the right to collect revenue?

answer: 1765

question: What is the term used to describe the "Right to collect revenue"?

answer: diwani

text: diwani


text: At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Connaught Place is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: At

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: magnificent

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhavan

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Viceroy

text: 's

text: House

text: which

text: sits

text: atop

text: Raisina

text: Hill

text: The

text: Secretariat

text: which

text: houses

text: ministries

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: flanks

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhavan

text: The

text: Parliament

text: House

text: designed

text: by

text: Herbert

text: Baker

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Sansad

text: Marg

text: which

text: runs

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: Rajpath

text: Connaught

text: Place

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: circular

text: commercial

text: area

text: in

text: New

text: Delhi

text: modelled

text: after

text: the

text: Royal

text: Crescent

text: in

text: England

text: Twelve

text: separate

text: roads

text: lead

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: outer

text: ring

text: of

text: Connaught

text: Place

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: the

text: Janpath

question: Formerly known as the Viceroy's House, which large building is located at the heart of New Delhi?

answer: Rashtrapati Bhavan

text: Rashtrapati Bhavan

question: The Rashtrapati Bhavan was formerly known by what name?

answer: Viceroy's House

text: Viceroy's House

question: Connaught Place in New Delhi is modeled after what area of England?

answer: the Royal Crescent

text: the Royal Crescent

question: How many roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place?

answer: Twelve

text: Twelve


text: Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: 's

text: constitution

text: expressly

text: forbids

text: capital

text: punishment

text: stating

text: The

text: death

text: penalty

text: shall

text: not

text: exist

text: setting

text: it

text: apart

text: from

text: all

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: other

text: than

text: Michigan

text: which

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: constitutional

text: prohibition

text: eleven

text: other

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: have

text: abolished

text: capital

text: punishment

text: through

text: statutory

text: law

text: However

text: capital

text: punishment

text: is

text: still

text: applicable

text: to

text: offenses

text: committed

text: in

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: if

text: they

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: though

text: federal

text: death

text: penalty

text: prosecutions

text: there

text: have

text: generated

text: significant

text: controversy

question: What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall not exist"?

answer: Puerto Rico's

text: Puerto Rico's

question: What US state prohibits the death penalty in its constitution?

answer: Michigan

text: Michigan

question: How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses still be committed in Puerto Rico?

answer: federal

text: federal

question: What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall definitely exist"?

text: Puerto Rico's

question: What US state allows the death penalty in its constitution?

text: Michigan

question: How many UK towns have passed laws outlawing the death penalty?

text: eleven

question: Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses never be committed in Puerto Rico?

text: federal