text: The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test. These are not affected by immunization or most environmental mycobacteria, so they generate fewer false-positive results. However, they are affected by M. szulgai, M. marinum, and M. kansasii. IGRAs may increase sensitivity when used in addition to the skin test, but may be less sensitive than the skin test when used alone.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: The

text: Mantoux

text: tuberculin

text: skin

text: test

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: screen

text: people

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: for

text: TB

text: Those

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: previously

text: immunized

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: false

text: positive

text: test

text: result

text: The

text: test

text: may

text: be

text: falsely

text: negative

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: sarcoidosis

text: Hodgkin

text: 's

text: lymphoma

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: most

text: notably

text: active

text: tuberculosis

text: Interferon

text: gamma

text: release

text: assays

text: IGRAs

text: on

text: a

text: blood

text: sample

text: are

text: recommended

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: positive

text: to

text: the

text: Mantoux

text: test

text: These

text: are

text: not

text: affected

text: by

text: immunization

text: or

text: most

text: environmental

text: mycobacteria

text: so

text: they

text: generate

text: fewer

text: false

text: positive

text: results

text: However

text: they

text: are

text: affected

text: by

text: M.

text: szulgai

text: M.

text: marinum

text: and

text: M.

text: kansasii

text: IGRAs

text: may

text: increase

text: sensitivity

text: when

text: used

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: skin

text: test

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: less

text: sensitive

text: than

text: the

text: skin

text: test

text: when

text: used

text: alone

question: What result might someone who has received a TB vaccination get from the Mantoux test?

answer: false-positive

text: false-positive

question: What does "IGRAs" stand for?

answer: Interferon gamma release assays

text: Interferon gamma release assays

question: In combination with skin tests, are IGRAs associated with an increase or decrease in sensitivity?

answer: increase

text: increase

question: Which test has fewer false positives: IGRAs or the Mantoux skin test?

answer: IGRAs

text: IGRAs

question: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?

answer: blood

text: blood

question: What is used to test for sarcoidosis?

text: Mantoux tuberculin skin test

question: What incorrect result may someone who has not gotten the TB vaccination get?

text: false-positive

question: What environmental substance are IGRAs affected by?

text: mycobacteria

question: What has more false-positives than the Mantoux tuberculin test?

text: IGRAs


text: Kerry is a Roman Catholic, and is said to carry a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal (the patron saint of travelers) when he campaigned. While Kerry is personally against abortion, he supports a woman's legal right to have one. Discussing his faith, Kerry said, "I thought of being a priest. I was very religious while at school in Switzerland. I was an altar boy and prayed all the time. I was very centered around the Mass and the church." He also said that the Letters of Paul (Apostle Paul) moved him the most, stating that they taught him to "not feel sorry for myself."

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: is

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: and

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: carry

text: a

text: religious

text: rosary

text: a

text: prayer

text: book

text: and

text: a

text: St.

text: Christopher

text: medal

text: the

text: patron

text: saint

text: of

text: travelers

text: when

text: he

text: campaigned

text: While

text: Kerry

text: is

text: personally

text: against

text: abortion

text: he

text: supports

text: a

text: woman

text: 's

text: legal

text: right

text: to

text: have

text: one

text: Discussing

text: his

text: faith

text: Kerry

text: said

text: I

text: thought

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: priest

text: I

text: was

text: very

text: religious

text: while

text: at

text: school

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: I

text: was

text: an

text: altar

text: boy

text: and

text: prayed

text: all

text: the

text: time

text: I

text: was

text: very

text: centered

text: around

text: the

text: Mass

text: and

text: the

text: church

text: He

text: also

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: Letters

text: of

text: Paul

text: Apostle

text: Paul

text: moved

text: him

text: the

text: most

text: stating

text: that

text: they

text: taught

text: him

text: to

text: not

text: feel

text: sorry

text: for

text: myself

question: What religion is Kerry?

answer: Roman Catholic

text: Roman Catholic

question: What religious items did Kerry bring with him while campaigning?

answer: a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal

text: a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal

question: What is St. Christopher the patron saint of?

answer: travelers

text: travelers

question: What did Kerry do in the church while living in Switzerland?

answer: was an altar boy and prayed all the time

text: was an altar boy and prayed all the time

question: Which part of the Bible did Kerry find the most moving?

answer: the Letters of Paul

text: the Letters of Paul


text: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and Estonia and small contingents from other nations. The monthly supply of cargo containers through Pakistani route to ISAF in Afghanistan is over 4,000 costing around 12 billion in Pakistani Rupees.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: The

text: British

text: Air

text: Assault

text: Brigade

text: later

text: reinforced

text: by

text: Royal

text: Marines

text: formed

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: force

text: in

text: southern

text: Afghanistan

text: along

text: with

text: troops

text: and

text: helicopters

text: from

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: initial

text: force

text: consisted

text: of

text: roughly

text: British

text: Canadian

text: from

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: from

text: Australia

text: along

text: with

text: special

text: forces

text: from

text: Denmark

text: and

text: Estonia

text: and

text: small

text: contingents

text: from

text: other

text: nations

text: The

text: monthly

text: supply

text: of

text: cargo

text: containers

text: through

text: Pakistani

text: route

text: to

text: ISAF

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: over

text: costing

text: around

text: billion

text: in

text: Pakistani

text: Rupees

question: What was the primary fighting force in southern Afghanistan?

answer: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade

text: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade

question: Which nations besides the UK contributed significantly to the southern Afghanistan fight?

answer: Australia, Canada and the Netherlands

text: Australia, Canada and the Netherlands

question: How many troops did Canada send initially?

answer: 2,000

question: How many troops did Australia send initially?

answer: 240

question: How many troops did the Netherlands send initially?

answer: 1,400

question: What was the British 16th Air Assault Brigade later called?

text: Royal Marines

question: How many special forces troops were there from Denmark?

question: How many Pakistanis were involved?

text: 12 billion

question: How many British troops helped invade Denmark?

question: What type of vehicle did Estonia supply?

text: helicopters


text: Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be recycled with ordinary paper.

title: Paper

title: Paper

text: Some

text: manufacturers

text: have

text: started

text: using

text: a

text: new

text: significantly

text: more

text: environmentally

text: friendly

text: alternative

text: to

text: expanded

text: plastic

text: packaging

text: Made

text: out

text: of

text: paper

text: and

text: known

text: commercially

text: as

text: paperfoam

text: the

text: new

text: packaging

text: has

text: very

text: similar

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: to

text: some

text: expanded

text: plastic

text: packaging

text: but

text: is

text: biodegradable

text: and

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: recycled

text: with

text: ordinary

text: paper

question: What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?

answer: paperfoam

text: paperfoam

question: What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?

answer: biodegradable

text: biodegradable

question: What is paperfoam primarily made of?

answer: paper

text: paper

question: How is paperfoam commonly disposed of?

answer: recycled

text: recycled

question: What is made out of plastic and is being used instead of expanded plastic packaging?

text: paperfoam

question: To what does the new packaging have very different mechanical properties?

text: expanded plastic packaging

question: With what can paperfoam not be recycled?

text: ordinary paper

question: How can some manufacturers be disposed of?

text: recycled with ordinary paper

question: What is ordinary paper made out of?

text: paperfoam

question: What product used in the sale of paper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be less environmentally friendly?

text: paperfoam

question: What is the least benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?

text: biodegradable

question: What is paperfoam uncommonly made of?

text: paper

question: How is paperfoam uncommonly disposed of?

text: recycled


text: Israel's legal system combines three legal traditions: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law. It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court. Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries. Marriage and divorce are under the jurisdiction of the religious courts: Jewish, Muslim, Druze, and Christian. A committee of Knesset members, Supreme Court justices, and Israeli Bar members carries out the election of judges. Administration of Israel's courts (both the "General" courts and the Labor Courts) is carried by the Administration of Courts, situated in Jerusalem. Both General and Labor courts are paperless courts: the storage of court files, as well as court decisions, are conducted electronically. Israel's Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty seeks to defend human rights and liberties in Israel.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: 's

text: legal

text: system

text: combines

text: three

text: legal

text: traditions

text: English

text: common

text: law

text: civil

text: law

text: and

text: Jewish

text: law

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: stare

text: decisis

text: precedent

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: adversarial

text: system

text: where

text: the

text: parties

text: in

text: the

text: suit

text: bring

text: evidence

text: before

text: the

text: court

text: Court

text: cases

text: are

text: decided

text: by

text: professional

text: judges

text: rather

text: than

text: juries

text: Marriage

text: and

text: divorce

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: religious

text: courts

text: Jewish

text: Muslim

text: Druze

text: and

text: Christian

text: A

text: committee

text: of

text: Knesset

text: members

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: justices

text: and

text: Israeli

text: Bar

text: members

text: carries

text: out

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: judges

text: Administration

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: courts

text: both

text: the

text: General

text: courts

text: and

text: the

text: Labor

text: Courts

text: is

text: carried

text: by

text: the

text: Administration

text: of

text: Courts

text: situated

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: Both

text: General

text: and

text: Labor

text: courts

text: are

text: paperless

text: courts

text: the

text: storage

text: of

text: court

text: files

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: court

text: decisions

text: are

text: conducted

text: electronically

text: Israel

text: 's

text: Basic

text: Law

text: Human

text: Dignity

text: and

text: Liberty

text: seeks

text: to

text: defend

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: liberties

text: in

text: Israel

question: What legal traditions does Israel combine?

answer: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law

text: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law

question: What principle is it based on?

answer: stare decisis

text: stare decisis

question: What is Israel's Basic Law?

answer: Human Dignity

text: Human Dignity


text: Tech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 stars ("Excellent"), saying "The Super Slim PlayStation 3 shrinks a powerful gaming machine into an even tinier package while maintaining the same features as its predecessors: a great gaming library and a strong array of streaming services [...]", whilst also criticising the "cheap" design and disc-loader, stating: "Sometimes [the cover] doesn't catch and you feel like you're using one of those old credit card imprinter machines. In short, it feels cheap. You don't realize how convenient autoloading disc trays are until they're gone. Whether it was to cut costs or save space, this move is ultimately a step back." The criticism also was due to price, stating the cheapest Super Slim model was still more expensive than the cheapest Slim model, and that the smaller size and bigger hard drive shouldn't be considered an upgrade when the hard drive on a Slim model is easily removed and replaced. They did praise that the hard drive of the Super Slim model is "the easiest yet. Simply sliding off the side panel reveals the drive bay, which can quickly be unscrewed." They also stated that whilst the Super Slim model is not in any way an upgrade, it could be an indicator as to what's to come. "It may not be revolutionary, but the Super Slim PS3 is the same impressive machine in a much smaller package. There doesn't seem to be any reason for existing PS3 owners to upgrade, but for the prospective PS3 buyer, the Super Slim is probably the way to go if you can deal with not having a slot-loading disc drive."

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: Tech

text: media

text: website

text: CNET

text: gave

text: new

text: Super

text: Slim

text: out

text: of

text: stars

text: Excellent

text: saying

text: The

text: Super

text: Slim

text: PlayStation

text: shrinks

text: a

text: powerful

text: gaming

text: machine

text: into

text: an

text: even

text: tinier

text: package

text: while

text: maintaining

text: the

text: same

text: features

text: as

text: its

text: predecessors

text: a

text: great

text: gaming

text: library

text: and

text: a

text: strong

text: array

text: of

text: streaming

text: services

text: whilst

text: also

text: criticising

text: the

text: cheap

text: design

text: and

text: disc

text: loader

text: stating

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: cover

text: does

text: n't

text: catch

text: and

text: you

text: feel

text: like

text: you

text: 're

text: using

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: old

text: credit

text: card

text: imprinter

text: machines

text: In

text: short

text: it

text: feels

text: cheap

text: You

text: do

text: n't

text: realize

text: how

text: convenient

text: autoloading

text: disc

text: trays

text: are

text: until

text: they

text: 're

text: gone

text: Whether

text: it

text: was

text: to

text: cut

text: costs

text: or

text: save

text: space

text: this

text: move

text: is

text: ultimately

text: a

text: step

text: back

text: The

text: criticism

text: also

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: price

text: stating

text: the

text: cheapest

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: was

text: still

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: the

text: cheapest

text: Slim

text: model

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: smaller

text: size

text: and

text: bigger

text: hard

text: drive

text: should

text: n't

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: upgrade

text: when

text: the

text: hard

text: drive

text: on

text: a

text: Slim

text: model

text: is

text: easily

text: removed

text: and

text: replaced

text: They

text: did

text: praise

text: that

text: the

text: hard

text: drive

text: of

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: is

text: the

text: easiest

text: yet

text: Simply

text: sliding

text: off

text: the

text: side

text: panel

text: reveals

text: the

text: drive

text: bay

text: which

text: can

text: quickly

text: be

text: unscrewed

text: They

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: whilst

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: model

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: any

text: way

text: an

text: upgrade

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: an

text: indicator

text: as

text: to

text: what

text: 's

text: to

text: come

text: It

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: revolutionary

text: but

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: impressive

text: machine

text: in

text: a

text: much

text: smaller

text: package

text: There

text: does

text: n't

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: any

text: reason

text: for

text: existing

text: owners

text: to

text: upgrade

text: but

text: for

text: the

text: prospective

text: buyer

text: the

text: Super

text: Slim

text: is

text: probably

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: go

text: if

text: you

text: can

text: deal

text: with

text: not

text: having

text: a

text: slot

text: loading

text: disc

text: drive

question: What website rated the Super Slim four out of five stars?

answer: CNET

text: CNET

question: What adjective did CNET use to describe the PS3 Super Slim's design?

answer: "cheap"

text: "cheap"

question: What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the easiest yet"?

answer: hard drive

text: hard drive

question: What hardware component did CNET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader?

answer: disc-loader

text: disc-loader

question: Was the lowest-priced Super Slim more or less expensive than any of the PS3 Slim models?

answer: more expensive

text: more expensive

question: What website rated the Super Slim three out of five stars?

text: CNET

question: What adjective did CNET use to describe the PS2 Super Slim's design?

text: cheap

question: What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the hardest yet"?

text: hard drive

question: What hardware component did NCET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader?

text: disc-loader

question: Was the highest-priced Super Slim more or less expensive than any of the PS3 Slim models?

text: more expensive


text: The genome size, and the number of genes it encodes varies widely between organisms. The smallest genomes occur in viruses (which can have as few as 2 protein-coding genes), and viroids (which act as a single non-coding RNA gene). Conversely, plants can have extremely large genomes, with rice containing >46,000 protein-coding genes. The total number of protein-coding genes (the Earth's proteome) is estimated to be 5 million sequences.

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: genome

text: size

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: genes

text: it

text: encodes

text: varies

text: widely

text: between

text: organisms

text: The

text: smallest

text: genomes

text: occur

text: in

text: viruses

text: which

text: can

text: have

text: as

text: few

text: as

text: protein

text: coding

text: genes

text: and

text: viroids

text: which

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: non

text: coding

text: RNA

text: gene

text: Conversely

text: plants

text: can

text: have

text: extremely

text: large

text: genomes

text: with

text: rice

text: containing

text: protein

text: coding

text: genes

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: protein

text: coding

text: genes

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: proteome

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: million

text: sequences

question: What is one characteristic that varies widely between organisms?

answer: genome size

text: genome size

question: In which type of organism do the smallest genomes occur?

answer: viruses

text: viruses

question: What is the smallest number of protein coding genes that a virus can have?

answer: 2

question: Which organism acts as a single non coding RNA gene?

answer: viroids

text: viroids

question: What is the estimate for the total number of protein coding genes on Earth?

answer: 5 million

text: 5 million


text: Around 930 BCE, the kingdom split into a southern Kingdom of Judah and a northern Kingdom of Israel. From the middle of the 8th century BCE Israel came into increasing conflict with the expanding neo-Assyrian empire. Under Tiglath-Pileser III it first split Israel's territory into several smaller units and then destroyed its capital, Samaria (722 BCE). An Israelite revolt (724–722 BCE) was crushed after the siege and capture of Samaria by the Assyrian king Sargon II. Sargon's son, Sennacherib, tried and failed to conquer Judah. Assyrian records say he leveled 46 walled cities and besieged Jerusalem, leaving after receiving extensive tribute.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Around

text: BCE

text: the

text: kingdom

text: split

text: into

text: a

text: southern

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Judah

text: and

text: a

text: northern

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Israel

text: From

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Israel

text: came

text: into

text: increasing

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: expanding

text: neo

text: Assyrian

text: empire

text: Under

text: Tiglath

text: Pileser

text: III

text: it

text: first

text: split

text: Israel

text: 's

text: territory

text: into

text: several

text: smaller

text: units

text: and

text: then

text: destroyed

text: its

text: capital

text: Samaria

text: BCE

text: An

text: Israelite

text: revolt

text: BCE

text: was

text: crushed

text: after

text: the

text: siege

text: and

text: capture

text: of

text: Samaria

text: by

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: king

text: Sargon

text: II

text: Sargon

text: 's

text: son

text: Sennacherib

text: tried

text: and

text: failed

text: to

text: conquer

text: Judah

text: Assyrian

text: records

text: say

text: he

text: leveled

text: walled

text: cities

text: and

text: besieged

text: Jerusalem

text: leaving

text: after

text: receiving

text: extensive

text: tribute

question: When did the kingdom split?

answer: 930 BCE

text: 930 BCE

question: What was the name of the destroyed capital?

answer: Samaria

text: Samaria

question: Who captured Samaria?

answer: Assyrian king Sargon II

text: Assyrian king Sargon II


text: During the French Revolution, Red became a symbol of liberty and personal freedom used by the Jacobins and other more radical parties. Many of them wore a red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap, modeled after the caps worn by freed slaves in Ancient Rome. During the height of the Reign of Terror, Women wearing red caps gathered around the guillotine to celebrate each execution. They were called the "Furies of the guillotine". The guillotines used during the Reign of Terror in 1792 and 1793 were painted red, or made of red wood. During the Reign of Terror a statue of a woman titled liberty, painted red, was placed in the square in front of the guillotine. After the end of the Reign of Terror, France went back to the blue, white and red tricolor, whose red was taken from the traditional color of Saint Denis, the Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris.

title: Red

title: Red

text: During

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Red

text: became

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: liberty

text: and

text: personal

text: freedom

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Jacobins

text: and

text: other

text: more

text: radical

text: parties

text: Many

text: of

text: them

text: wore

text: a

text: red

text: Phrygian

text: cap

text: or

text: liberty

text: cap

text: modeled

text: after

text: the

text: caps

text: worn

text: by

text: freed

text: slaves

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Rome

text: During

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: Women

text: wearing

text: red

text: caps

text: gathered

text: around

text: the

text: guillotine

text: to

text: celebrate

text: each

text: execution

text: They

text: were

text: called

text: the

text: Furies

text: of

text: the

text: guillotine

text: The

text: guillotines

text: used

text: during

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: in

text: and

text: were

text: painted

text: red

text: or

text: made

text: of

text: red

text: wood

text: During

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: a

text: statue

text: of

text: a

text: woman

text: titled

text: liberty

text: painted

text: red

text: was

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: square

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: guillotine

text: After

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: France

text: went

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: blue

text: white

text: and

text: red

text: tricolor

text: whose

text: red

text: was

text: taken

text: from

text: the

text: traditional

text: color

text: of

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: the

text: Christian

text: martyr

text: and

text: patron

text: saint

text: of

text: Paris

question: During which revolution was red a symbol of liberty?

answer: French Revolution

text: French Revolution

question: What kind of cap did the Jacobins wear?

answer: red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap

text: red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap

question: Women with red caps crowded around guillotines during the Reign of Terror to do what?

answer: celebrate

text: celebrate

question: During what years did the Reign of Terror take place?

answer: 1792 and 1793

text: 1792 and 1793

question: Who was Saint Denis?

answer: Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris

text: Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris

question: What became a symbol of liberty during the Phrygian Revolution?

text: Red

question: What did red become a symbol of during the Phrygian Revolution?

text: liberty and personal freedom

question: Who used red as a symbol of liberty and personal freedom during the Phrygian Revolution?

text: Jacobins and other more radical parties

question: When did the Terror Reign take place?

text: 1792 and 1793

question: What colors did France go back to during the Reign of Terror?

text: blue, white and red tricolor,


text: The 1961 eruption of Queen Mary's Peak forced the evacuation of the entire population via Cape Town to England. The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected. Most families returned in 1963.

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: The

text: eruption

text: of

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Peak

text: forced

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: population

text: via

text: Cape

text: Town

text: to

text: England

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: a

text: Royal

text: Society

text: expedition

text: went

text: to

text: the

text: islands

text: to

text: assess

text: the

text: damage

text: and

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Seas

text: had

text: been

text: only

text: marginally

text: affected

text: Most

text: families

text: returned

text: in

question: What year was the island evacuated due to an eruption?

answer: 1961

question: What year did most families return after being evacuated?

answer: 1963

question: What was the name of the settlement that was assessed after the evactuation?

answer: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas

text: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas

question: When was the population of England forced to Cape Town?

question: Which eruption caused the population of Royal Society to evacuate to England?

text: Queen Mary's Peak

question: What returned to the island by 1961?

text: Most families

question: By when had most families left the islands?

question: Which settlement had been devastatingly affected?

text: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas


text: T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficulties in which it would involve him. The clergy and people were determined to have him as their bishop, Patriarch of Alexandria, and refused to accept any excuses. He at length consented to accept a responsibility that he sought in vain to escape, and was consecrated in 326, when he was about thirty years of age.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: T.

text: Gilmartin

text: Professor

text: of

text: History

text: Maynooth

text: writes

text: in

text: Church

text: History

text: Vol

text: Ch

text: XVII

text: On

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Alexander

text: five

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: termination

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Nice

text: Athanasius

text: was

text: unanimously

text: elected

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: vacant

text: see

text: He

text: was

text: most

text: unwilling

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: dignity

text: for

text: he

text: clearly

text: foresaw

text: the

text: difficulties

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: would

text: involve

text: him

text: The

text: clergy

text: and

text: people

text: were

text: determined

text: to

text: have

text: him

text: as

text: their

text: bishop

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: and

text: refused

text: to

text: accept

text: any

text: excuses

text: He

text: at

text: length

text: consented

text: to

text: accept

text: a

text: responsibility

text: that

text: he

text: sought

text: in

text: vain

text: to

text: escape

text: and

text: was

text: consecrated

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: about

text: thirty

text: years

text: of

text: age

question: In what year was Athanasius consecrated?

answer: 326

question: How old was Athanasius when he became the Patriarch of Alexandria?

answer: about thirty years of age

text: about thirty years of age

question: Did Athanasius want to be the Patriarch of Alexandria?

answer: He was most unwilling to accept

text: He was most unwilling to accept

question: Did the people want Athanasius as their bishop?

answer: people were determined to have him

text: people were determined to have him

question: How long after the Council of Nice did Saint Athanasius die?

answer: five months

text: five months

question: Was Saint Athanasius willing or unwilling to fill the vacancy?

answer: unwilling

text: unwilling

question: In what year was he consecrated?

answer: in 326

text: in 326

question: How old was he when he was consecrated?

answer: thirty years of age.

text: thirty years of age.

question: In what year was Athanasius not consecrated?

question: How old was Athanasius when he became the Pope of Alexandria?

text: thirty

question: Did Athanasius want to be the Saint of Alexandria?

text: unwilling

question: How long after the Council of Nice was Saint Athanasius born?

text: five months


text: Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom was compatible with both Famicom cartridges and Famicom Disk System disks. It was available in two colors (red and black) and used hardwired controllers (as did the original Famicom), but it featured a different case design. The SHARP 19SC111 television was a television which included a built-in Famicom. A similar licensing deal was reached with Hyundai Electronics, who licensed the system under the name Comboy in the South Korean market. This deal with Hyundai was made necessary because of the South Korean government's wide ban on all Japanese "cultural products", which remained in effect until 1998 and ensured that the only way Japanese products could legally enter the South Korean market was through licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor (see also Japan–Korea disputes).

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Although

text: most

text: hardware

text: clones

text: were

text: not

text: produced

text: under

text: license

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: certain

text: companies

text: were

text: granted

text: licenses

text: to

text: produce

text: NES

text: compatible

text: devices

text: The

text: Sharp

text: Corporation

text: produced

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: such

text: clones

text: the

text: Twin

text: Famicom

text: and

text: the

text: SHARP

text: television

text: The

text: Twin

text: Famicom

text: was

text: compatible

text: with

text: both

text: Famicom

text: cartridges

text: and

text: Famicom

text: Disk

text: System

text: disks

text: It

text: was

text: available

text: in

text: two

text: colors

text: red

text: and

text: black

text: and

text: used

text: hardwired

text: controllers

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: original

text: Famicom

text: but

text: it

text: featured

text: a

text: different

text: case

text: design

text: The

text: SHARP

text: television

text: was

text: a

text: television

text: which

text: included

text: a

text: built

text: in

text: Famicom

text: A

text: similar

text: licensing

text: deal

text: was

text: reached

text: with

text: Hyundai

text: Electronics

text: who

text: licensed

text: the

text: system

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Comboy

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: market

text: This

text: deal

text: with

text: Hyundai

text: was

text: made

text: necessary

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: government

text: 's

text: wide

text: ban

text: on

text: all

text: Japanese

text: cultural

text: products

text: which

text: remained

text: in

text: effect

text: until

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: the

text: only

text: way

text: Japanese

text: products

text: could

text: legally

text: enter

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: market

text: was

text: through

text: licensing

text: to

text: a

text: third

text: party

text: non

text: Japanese

text: distributor

text: see

text: also

text: Japan

text: Korea

text: disputes

question: Which company produced the Twin Famicom and the 19SC111 TV?

answer: Sharp Corporation

text: Sharp Corporation

question: What was compatible with Famicom cartridges and FDS systems?

answer: Twin Famicom

text: Twin Famicom

question: Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 TV with what name in South Korea?

answer: Comboy

text: Comboy

question: Until how long did South Korea ban Japanese cultural products?

answer: 1998

question: How could Japanese products only enter South Korea?

answer: licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor

text: licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor

question: Which company produced the Duo Famicom and the 19SC111 TV?

text: Sharp Corporation

question: What was compatible with Famicom cartridges and IDS systems?

text: Twin Famicom

question: Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 DVD with what name in South Korea?

text: Comboy


text: In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Augustus

text: Welby

text: Northmore

text: Pugin

text: wrote

text: Contrasts

text: that

text: as

text: the

text: titled

text: suggested

text: contrasted

text: the

text: modern

text: industrial

text: world

text: which

text: he

text: disparaged

text: with

text: an

text: idealized

text: image

text: of

text: neo

text: medieval

text: world

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: Pugin

text: believed

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: true

text: Christian

text: form

text: of

text: architecture

question: Who wrote the book Contrasts?

answer: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin

text: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin

question: What year was Contrasts written in?

answer: 1836

question: What was the name of Pugin's book?

answer: Contrasts

text: Contrasts

question: In what year was Contrasts written?

answer: 1836

question: What world did Pugin dislike?

answer: modern, industrial world

text: modern, industrial world

question: What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly Christian?

answer: Gothic

text: Gothic

question: What book was written in the 18th century?

text: Contrasts

question: Who wrote Contrasts in the 17th century?

text: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin

question: When did Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin paint the artwork called Contrasts?

text: 19th century

question: What world did Pugin like?

text: modern

question: What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly non-Christian?

text: Gothic


text: While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state" or a "separation of Church from State": their disagreement was limited to whether this case of state funding of transportation to religious schools breached that wall. Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the First Amendment, now made applicable to all the states by the Fourteenth." Writing separately, Justice Jackson argued that "[T]here are no good grounds upon which to support the present legislation. In fact, the undertones of the opinion, advocating complete and uncompromising separation of Church from State, seem utterly discordant with its conclusion yielding support to their commingling in educational matters."

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: While

text: the

text: decision

text: with

text: four

text: dissents

text: ultimately

text: upheld

text: the

text: state

text: law

text: allowing

text: the

text: funding

text: of

text: transportation

text: of

text: students

text: to

text: religious

text: schools

text: the

text: majority

text: opinion

text: by

text: Justice

text: Hugo

text: Black

text: and

text: the

text: dissenting

text: opinions

text: by

text: Justice

text: Wiley

text: Blount

text: Rutledge

text: and

text: Justice

text: Robert

text: H.

text: Jackson

text: each

text: explicitly

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: Constitution

text: has

text: erected

text: a

text: wall

text: between

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: or

text: a

text: separation

text: of

text: Church

text: from

text: State

text: their

text: disagreement

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: whether

text: this

text: case

text: of

text: state

text: funding

text: of

text: transportation

text: to

text: religious

text: schools

text: breached

text: that

text: wall

text: Rutledge

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: dissenting

text: justices

text: took

text: the

text: position

text: that

text: the

text: majority

text: had

text: indeed

text: permitted

text: a

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: wall

text: of

text: separation

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: Neither

text: so

text: high

text: nor

text: so

text: impregnable

text: today

text: as

text: yesterday

text: is

text: the

text: wall

text: raised

text: between

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: by

text: Virginia

text: 's

text: great

text: statute

text: of

text: religious

text: freedom

text: and

text: the

text: First

text: Amendment

text: now

text: made

text: applicable

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: states

text: by

text: the

text: Fourteenth

text: Writing

text: separately

text: Justice

text: Jackson

text: argued

text: that

text: T]here

text: are

text: no

text: good

text: grounds

text: upon

text: which

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: present

text: legislation

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: undertones

text: of

text: the

text: opinion

text: advocating

text: complete

text: and

text: uncompromising

text: separation

text: of

text: Church

text: from

text: State

text: seem

text: utterly

text: discordant

text: with

text: its

text: conclusion

text: yielding

text: support

text: to

text: their

text: commingling

text: in

text: educational

text: matters

question: What did the decision ultimately uphold?

answer: state law

text: state law

question: What was the state allowed to continue to fund?

answer: transportation of students to religious schools

text: transportation of students to religious schools

question: What did both the majority and dissenting opinions reiterate?

answer: that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state"

text: that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state"

question: What was the disagreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what?

answer: that wall

text: that wall

question: What did Justice Jackson argue there were no grounds upon which to support what?

answer: the present legislation

text: the present legislation

question: What did the decision not uphold?

text: state law

question: What was the state not allowed to continue to fund?

question: What did neither the majority and dissenting opinions reiterate?

question: What was the agreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what?

text: the wall

question: What did Justice Jackson agree there were no grounds upon which to support what?

text: present legislation


text: Counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, Greece ranked 4th globally in 2011 having "exported" shipping services worth 17,704.132 million $; only Denmark, Germany and South Korea ranked higher during that year. Similarly counting shipping services provided to Greece by other countries as quasi-imports and the difference between "exports" and "imports" as a "trade balance", Greece in 2011 ranked in the latter second behind Germany, having "imported" shipping services worth 7,076.605 million US$ and having run a "trade surplus" of 10,712.342 million US$.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: Counting

text: shipping

text: as

text: quasi

text: exports

text: and

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: monetary

text: value

text: Greece

text: ranked

text: globally

text: in

text: having

text: exported

text: shipping

text: services

text: worth

text: million

text: only

text: Denmark

text: Germany

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: ranked

text: higher

text: during

text: that

text: year

text: Similarly

text: counting

text: shipping

text: services

text: provided

text: to

text: Greece

text: by

text: other

text: countries

text: as

text: quasi

text: imports

text: and

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: exports

text: and

text: imports

text: as

text: a

text: trade

text: balance

text: Greece

text: in

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: second

text: behind

text: Germany

text: having

text: imported

text: shipping

text: services

text: worth

text: million

text: US$

text: and

text: having

text: run

text: a

text: trade

text: surplus

text: of

text: million

text: US$

question: When counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, what is Greece's global rank?

answer: 4th

question: What was the worth Greece's shipping services in 2011?

answer: 17,704.132 million $

text: 17,704.132 million $

question: What three countries were ahead of Greece in 2011 with exports?

answer: Denmark, Germany and South Korea

text: Denmark, Germany and South Korea

question: What was the shipping services imported by Greece in 2011 worth?

answer: 7,076.605 million US$

text: 7,076.605 million US$

question: What was Greece's 2011 trade surplus?

answer: 10,712.342 million US$

text: 10,712.342 million US$

question: When counting shipping as quasi-exports and in terms of monetary value, what is Greece's local rank?

question: What was the worth Greece's shipping services lost in 2011?

text: 17,704.132 million $

question: What seven countries were ahead of Greece in 2011 with exports?

text: Denmark, Germany and South Korea

question: What was Greece's 2011 trade deficit?

text: 10,712.342 million US$


text: According to the Statistical Institute of Catalonia in 2008 the Catalan language is the second most commonly used in Catalonia, after Spanish, as a native or self-defining language. The Generalitat of Catalunya spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Statistical

text: Institute

text: of

text: Catalonia

text: in

text: the

text: Catalan

text: language

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: Catalonia

text: after

text: Spanish

text: as

text: a

text: native

text: or

text: self

text: defining

text: language

text: The

text: Generalitat

text: of

text: Catalunya

text: spends

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: annual

text: budget

text: on

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Catalan

text: in

text: Catalonia

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: territories

question: What is the second most often spoken language is Catalonia?

answer: Catalan

text: Catalan

question: What is the most used language in Catalonia?

answer: Spanish

text: Spanish

question: What is the type designation of Catalan in Catalonia?

answer: native

text: native

question: What group spends money to promote the language?

answer: The Generalitat of Catalunya

text: The Generalitat of Catalunya

question: What language is promoted in Catalonia?

answer: Catalan

text: Catalan


text: In physics, the standard definition of a glass (or vitreous solid) is a solid formed by rapid melt quenching. The term glass is often used to describe any amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition temperature Tg. If the cooling is sufficiently rapid (relative to the characteristic crystallization time) then crystallization is prevented and instead the disordered atomic configuration of the supercooled liquid is frozen into the solid state at Tg. The tendency for a material to form a glass while quenched is called glass-forming ability. This ability can be predicted by the rigidity theory. Generally, the structure of a glass exists in a metastable state with respect to its crystalline form, although in certain circumstances, for example in atactic polymers, there is no crystalline analogue of the amorphous phase.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: In

text: physics

text: the

text: standard

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: glass

text: or

text: vitreous

text: solid

text: is

text: a

text: solid

text: formed

text: by

text: rapid

text: melt

text: quenching

text: The

text: term

text: glass

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: any

text: amorphous

text: solid

text: that

text: exhibits

text: a

text: glass

text: transition

text: temperature

text: Tg

text: If

text: the

text: cooling

text: is

text: sufficiently

text: rapid

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: characteristic

text: crystallization

text: time

text: then

text: crystallization

text: is

text: prevented

text: and

text: instead

text: the

text: disordered

text: atomic

text: configuration

text: of

text: the

text: supercooled

text: liquid

text: is

text: frozen

text: into

text: the

text: solid

text: state

text: at

text: Tg

text: The

text: tendency

text: for

text: a

text: material

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: glass

text: while

text: quenched

text: is

text: called

text: glass

text: forming

text: ability

text: This

text: ability

text: can

text: be

text: predicted

text: by

text: the

text: rigidity

text: theory

text: Generally

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: a

text: glass

text: exists

text: in

text: a

text: metastable

text: state

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: its

text: crystalline

text: form

text: although

text: in

text: certain

text: circumstances

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: atactic

text: polymers

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: crystalline

text: analogue

text: of

text: the

text: amorphous

text: phase

question: How is "glass" defined in physics?

answer: a solid formed by rapid melt quenching

text: a solid formed by rapid melt quenching

question: What is the tendency to make a glass when cooled called?

answer: glass-forming ability

text: glass-forming ability

question: What must happen quickly for glass to form?

answer: cooling

text: cooling

question: What predicts glass-forming ability?

answer: rigidity theory

text: rigidity theory

question: How is "glass" defines in the amorphous phase?

text: a solid formed by rapid melt quenching

question: What is the tendency to make a glass from atactic polymers called?

text: glass-forming ability

question: What must happen quickly for polymers to form?

text: cooling

question: What predicts amorphous phases?

text: rigidity theory

question: What happens when metastable states are prevented?


text: A sconce is a wall-mounted fixture, particularly one that shines up and sometimes down as well. A torchiere is an uplight intended for ambient lighting. It is typically a floor lamp but may be wall-mounted like a sconce.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: A

text: sconce

text: is

text: a

text: wall

text: mounted

text: fixture

text: particularly

text: one

text: that

text: shines

text: up

text: and

text: sometimes

text: down

text: as

text: well

text: A

text: torchiere

text: is

text: an

text: uplight

text: intended

text: for

text: ambient

text: lighting

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: a

text: floor

text: lamp

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: wall

text: mounted

text: like

text: a

text: sconce

question: What is a uplight used for ambient lighting?

answer: torchiere

text: torchiere


text: The continuous torque density of conventional electric machines is determined by the size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth, which are determined by the power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation. Despite the high coercivity of neodymium or samarium-cobalt PMs, continuous torque density is virtually the same amongst electric machines with optimally designed armature winding sets. Continuous torque density relates to method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating of windings or PM damage.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: The

text: continuous

text: torque

text: density

text: of

text: conventional

text: electric

text: machines

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: air

text: gap

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: back

text: iron

text: depth

text: which

text: are

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: power

text: rating

text: of

text: the

text: armature

text: winding

text: set

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: machine

text: and

text: the

text: achievable

text: air

text: gap

text: flux

text: density

text: before

text: core

text: saturation

text: Despite

text: the

text: high

text: coercivity

text: of

text: neodymium

text: or

text: samarium

text: cobalt

text: PMs

text: continuous

text: torque

text: density

text: is

text: virtually

text: the

text: same

text: amongst

text: electric

text: machines

text: with

text: optimally

text: designed

text: armature

text: winding

text: sets

text: Continuous

text: torque

text: density

text: relates

text: to

text: method

text: of

text: cooling

text: and

text: permissible

text: period

text: of

text: operation

text: before

text: destruction

text: by

text: overheating

text: of

text: windings

text: or

text: PM

text: damage

question: What determines continuous torque density?

answer: size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth

text: size of the air-gap area and the back-iron depth

question: What three elements determine the size of the air-gap area and back iron depth?

answer: power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation

text: power rating of the armature winding set, the speed of the machine, and the achievable air-gap flux density before core saturation

question: What does continuous torque density refer to?

answer: method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating

text: method of cooling and permissible period of operation before destruction by overheating

question: How does continuous torque density vary between well designed motors?

answer: virtually the same

text: virtually the same

question: What determines non-continuous torque density?

question: What is the fourth element that determines the size of the air-gap area and back iron depth?

question: What doesn't continuous torque density refer to?

question: How does non-continuous torque density vary between well designed motors?

text: virtually the same


text: It includes the entire Old Town, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers, which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town, and the Holy Ghost Church, which is one of the largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland. Within the Old Town, there are eleven 16th century fountains, most attributed to Hans Gieng, that are on the list.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: entire

text: Old

text: Town

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: and

text: many

text: sites

text: within

text: and

text: around

text: it

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: include

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: which

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: tallest

text: cathedral

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: the

text: Zytglogge

text: and

text: Käfigturm

text: towers

text: which

text: mark

text: two

text: successive

text: expansions

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: and

text: the

text: Holy

text: Ghost

text: Church

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Swiss

text: Reformed

text: churches

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: Within

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: there

text: are

text: eleven

text: century

text: fountains

text: most

text: attributed

text: to

text: Hans

text: Gieng

text: that

text: are

text: on

text: the

text: list

question: What does the UNESCO consider the entre Old Town?

answer: a UNESCO World Heritage Site

text: a UNESCO World Heritage Site

question: When was the biggest cathedral in Switzerland built?

answer: 1421

question: What is the largest Swiss Reformed church in Switzerland?

answer: Holy Ghost Church

text: Holy Ghost Church

question: Who is attributed to the 11 fountains in Old Town?

answer: Hans Gieng

text: Hans Gieng


text: The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: climate

text: is

text: hot

text: and

text: humid

text: with

text: a

text: wet

text: season

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: November

text: Many

text: Pacific

text: typhoons

text: begin

text: as

text: tropical

text: storms

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: region

text: and

text: grow

text: stronger

text: as

text: they

text: move

text: west

text: toward

text: the

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

question: When does the wet season in the Marshalls begin?

answer: May

text: May

question: In what month does the Marshall Islands wet season end?

answer: November

text: November

question: Typhoons sometimes begin as what whether event in the Marshalls?

answer: tropical storms

text: tropical storms

question: Along with the Marianas, where do typhoons that begin in the Marshalls sometimes terminate?

answer: the Philippines

text: the Philippines


text: The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: The

text: Scottish

text: traveler

text: James

text: Bruce

text: reported

text: in

text: that

text: Medri

text: Bahri

text: was

text: a

text: distinct

text: political

text: entity

text: from

text: Abyssinia

text: noting

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: territories

text: were

text: frequently

text: in

text: conflict

text: The

text: Bahre

text: Nagassi

text: Kings

text: of

text: the

text: Sea

text: alternately

text: fought

text: with

text: or

text: against

text: the

text: Abyssinians

text: and

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: Muslim

text: Adal

text: Sultanate

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: geopolitical

text: circumstances

text: Medri

text: Bahri

text: was

text: thus

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: resistance

text: against

text: Imam

text: Ahmad

text: ibn

text: Ibrahim

text: al

text: Ghazi

text: of

text: Adal

text: 's

text: forces

text: but

text: later

text: joined

text: the

text: Adalite

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: front

text: against

text: Abyssinia

text: in

text: That

text: century

text: also

text: marked

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: who

text: began

text: making

text: inroads

text: in

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: area

question: Who was James Bruce?

answer: Scottish traveler

text: Scottish traveler

question: In 1770, who reported that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia?

answer: James Bruce

text: James Bruce

question: How is The Bahre-Nagassi translated?

answer: "Kings of the Sea"

text: "Kings of the Sea"

question: What determined whether The Bahre-Nagassi fought with or against the Abyssinians?

answer: geopolitical circumstances

text: geopolitical circumstances

question: Which century marked the arrival of the Ottomans?

answer: 16th

question: Where did the Ottomans come from?

text: Abyssinia

question: When was James Bruce born?

question: Who was the ruler of Bahre-Nagassi?

text: Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi

question: In what year did Abyssinia collapse?

question: In what year did Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal die?


text: According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: According

text: to

text: figures

text: Southampton

text: contributes

text: around

text: bn

text: to

text: the

text: regional

text: economy

text: annually

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: this

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: service

text: sector

text: with

text: the

text: remainder

text: coming

text: from

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: This

text: figure

text: has

text: almost

text: doubled

text: since

question: Going by 2004 calculations, how much does Southampton contribute to the region's economy each year?

answer: £4.2 bn

text: £4.2 bn

question: What sector puts up most of Southampton's economic contribution?

answer: the service sector

text: the service sector

question: In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?

answer: 1995


text: In Puerto Rico, various department stores have operated, such as Sears, JC Penney, Macy's, Kmart, Wal-Mart, Marshalls, Burlington Coat Factory, T.J. Maxx, Costco, Sam's Club and others. La New York was a Puerto Rican department store. Topeka, Capri and Pitusa are competitors on the Puerto Rican market that also have hypermarkets operating under their names. Retailers Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue also have plans to come to the Mall of San Juan, a new high-end retail project with over 100 tenants. The mall is set to open in March 2015.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: In

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: various

text: department

text: stores

text: have

text: operated

text: such

text: as

text: Sears

text: JC

text: Penney

text: Macy

text: 's

text: Kmart

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: Marshalls

text: Burlington

text: Coat

text: Factory

text: T.J.

text: Maxx

text: Costco

text: Sam

text: 's

text: Club

text: and

text: others

text: La

text: New

text: York

text: was

text: a

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: department

text: store

text: Topeka

text: Capri

text: and

text: Pitusa

text: are

text: competitors

text: on

text: the

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: market

text: that

text: also

text: have

text: hypermarkets

text: operating

text: under

text: their

text: names

text: Retailers

text: Nordstrom

text: and

text: Saks

text: Fifth

text: Avenue

text: also

text: have

text: plans

text: to

text: come

text: to

text: the

text: Mall

text: of

text: San

text: Juan

text: a

text: new

text: high

text: end

text: retail

text: project

text: with

text: over

text: tenants

text: The

text: mall

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: open

text: in

text: March

question: What department store in Puerto Rico is named after an American city?

answer: La New York

text: La New York

question: When is the Mall of San Juan expected to open?

answer: March 2015

text: March 2015

question: How many tenants are expected to set up shop in the Mall of San Juan?

answer: 100 tenants

text: 100 tenants

question: What two major retailers have plans to do business in the mall once it opens?

answer: Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue

text: Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue

question: What department store in Puerto Rico isn't named after an American city?

text: La New York

question: When is the Mall of San Juan expected to close?

text: March 2015

question: When isn't the Mall of San Juan expected to open?

text: March 2015

question: How many tenants aren't expected to set up shop in the Mall of San Juan?

text: 100 tenants.

question: What two minor retailers have plans to do business in the mall once it opens?

text: Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue


text: Even prior to the penetration of European interests, Southeast Asia was a critical part of the world trading system. A wide range of commodities originated in the region, but especially important were spices such as pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg. The spice trade initially was developed by Indian and Arab merchants, but it also brought Europeans to the region. First Spaniards (Manila galleon) and Portuguese, then the Dutch, and finally the British and French became involved in this enterprise in various countries. The penetration of European commercial interests gradually evolved into annexation of territories, as traders lobbied for an extension of control to protect and expand their activities. As a result, the Dutch moved into Indonesia, the British into Malaya and parts of Borneo, the French into Indochina, and the Spanish and the US into the Philippines.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: Even

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: penetration

text: of

text: European

text: interests

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: was

text: a

text: critical

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: trading

text: system

text: A

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: commodities

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: but

text: especially

text: important

text: were

text: spices

text: such

text: as

text: pepper

text: ginger

text: cloves

text: and

text: nutmeg

text: The

text: spice

text: trade

text: initially

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: Indian

text: and

text: Arab

text: merchants

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: brought

text: Europeans

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: First

text: Spaniards

text: Manila

text: galleon

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: then

text: the

text: Dutch

text: and

text: finally

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: became

text: involved

text: in

text: this

text: enterprise

text: in

text: various

text: countries

text: The

text: penetration

text: of

text: European

text: commercial

text: interests

text: gradually

text: evolved

text: into

text: annexation

text: of

text: territories

text: as

text: traders

text: lobbied

text: for

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: control

text: to

text: protect

text: and

text: expand

text: their

text: activities

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: Dutch

text: moved

text: into

text: Indonesia

text: the

text: British

text: into

text: Malaya

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Borneo

text: the

text: French

text: into

text: Indochina

text: and

text: the

text: Spanish

text: and

text: the

text: US

text: into

text: the

text: Philippines

question: Name some important commodities that originated in Southeast asian region?

answer: pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg

text: pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg

question: Who developed the spice trade initially?

answer: Indian and Arab merchants

text: Indian and Arab merchants

question: Which European traders moved into Indonesia?

answer: Dutch

text: Dutch

question: Who became an important part of the world trading system after the penetration of European interests?

text: Southeast Asia

question: What commodities did Europeans bring the region?

text: pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg.

question: What trade was initially developed by Europeans?

text: The spice trade

question: What did traders oppose to protect their interests?

text: annexation of territories


text: The Second Aliyah (1904–14), began after the Kishinev pogrom; some 40,000 Jews settled in Palestine, although nearly half of them left eventually. Both the first and second waves of migrants were mainly Orthodox Jews, although the Second Aliyah included socialist groups who established the kibbutz movement. During World War I, British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour sent the Balfour Declaration of 1917 to Baron Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, that stated that Britain intended for the creation of a Jewish "national home" within the Palestinian Mandate.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: Second

text: Aliyah

text: began

text: after

text: the

text: Kishinev

text: pogrom

text: some

text: Jews

text: settled

text: in

text: Palestine

text: although

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: them

text: left

text: eventually

text: Both

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: waves

text: of

text: migrants

text: were

text: mainly

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: although

text: the

text: Second

text: Aliyah

text: included

text: socialist

text: groups

text: who

text: established

text: the

text: kibbutz

text: movement

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: British

text: Foreign

text: Secretary

text: Arthur

text: Balfour

text: sent

text: the

text: Balfour

text: Declaration

text: of

text: to

text: Baron

text: Rothschild

text: Walter

text: Rothschild

text: Baron

text: Rothschild

text: a

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Jewish

text: community

text: that

text: stated

text: that

text: Britain

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: Jewish

text: national

text: home

text: within

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Mandate

question: When did the Second Aliyah begin?

answer: after the Kishinev pogrom

text: after the Kishinev pogrom

question: How many Jews settled into Palestine?

answer: 40,000

question: The first and second wave of migrants were mainly who?

answer: Orthodox Jews

text: Orthodox Jews


text: The Hashimiyya movement (a sub-sect of the Kaysanites Shia), led by the Abbasid family, overthrew the Umayyad caliphate. The Abbasids were members of the Hashim clan, rivals of the Umayyads, but the word "Hashimiyya" seems to refer specifically to Abu Hashim, a grandson of Ali and son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. According to certain traditions, Abu Hashim died in 717 in Humeima in the house of Muhammad ibn Ali, the head of the Abbasid family, and before dying named Muhammad ibn Ali as his successor. This tradition allowed the Abbasids to rally the supporters of the failed revolt of Mukhtar, who had represented themselves as the supporters of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: The

text: Hashimiyya

text: movement

text: a

text: sub

text: sect

text: of

text: the

text: Kaysanites

text: Shia

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: family

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: caliphate

text: The

text: Abbasids

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Hashim

text: clan

text: rivals

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: but

text: the

text: word

text: Hashimiyya

text: seems

text: to

text: refer

text: specifically

text: to

text: Abu

text: Hashim

text: a

text: grandson

text: of

text: Ali

text: and

text: son

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: ibn

text: al

text: Hanafiyya

text: According

text: to

text: certain

text: traditions

text: Abu

text: Hashim

text: died

text: in

text: in

text: Humeima

text: in

text: the

text: house

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: ibn

text: Ali

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: family

text: and

text: before

text: dying

text: named

text: Muhammad

text: ibn

text: Ali

text: as

text: his

text: successor

text: This

text: tradition

text: allowed

text: the

text: Abbasids

text: to

text: rally

text: the

text: supporters

text: of

text: the

text: failed

text: revolt

text: of

text: Mukhtar

text: who

text: had

text: represented

text: themselves

text: as

text: the

text: supporters

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: ibn

text: al

text: Hanafiyya

question: What group were the Hashimiyya a sect of?

answer: Kaysanites Shia

text: Kaysanites Shia

question: Who led the Hashimiyya movement?

answer: Abbasid family

text: Abbasid family

question: Of what clan were the Abbasids members of?

answer: Hashim

text: Hashim

question: What year saw the death of Abu Hashim?

answer: 717

question: Who was named successor by Abu Hashim?

answer: Muhammad ibn Ali

text: Muhammad ibn Ali

question: What was a sub-sect of the Hashimiyya movement?

text: Kaysanites Shia

question: Who led the Kaysanites Shia?

text: the Abbasid family

question: Who named Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya as his successor?

text: Muhammad ibn Ali

question: What failed to rally the supporters of the failed revolt?

text: This tradition

question: Who represented themselves as the supporters of Ali?


text: In the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: Mahayana

text: Sutras

text: spread

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: Korea

text: and

text: Japan

text: and

text: were

text: translated

text: into

text: Chinese

text: During

text: the

text: Indian

text: period

text: of

text: Esoteric

text: Buddhism

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: Buddhism

text: spread

text: from

text: India

text: to

text: Tibet

text: and

text: Mongolia

question: Mahayana Sutras spread to China during what century?

answer: 2nd century CE

text: 2nd century CE

question: What two countries after China was the Mahayana sutras spread?

answer: Korea and Japan

text: Korea and Japan

question: When did Buddhism apread from India to Tibet?

answer: 8th century onwards

text: 8th century onwards


text: The average population density was 11,457 people per square mile (4,405.4/km²). The Census reported that 1,468,623 people (96.2% of the population) lived in households, 38,007 (2.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 19,376 (1.3%) were institutionalized. In 2013, the city reported having 668,247 total housing units, down slightly from 670,171 housing units in 2010. As of 2013[update], 87 percent of housing units were occupied, while 13 percent were vacant, a slight change from 2010 where 89.5 percent of units were occupied, or 599,736 and 10.5 percent were vacant, or 70,435. Of the city's residents, 32 percent reported having no vehicles available while 23 percent had two or more vehicles available, as of 2013[update].

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: The

text: average

text: population

text: density

text: was

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: The

text: Census

text: reported

text: that

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lived

text: in

text: households

text: lived

text: in

text: non

text: institutionalized

text: group

text: quarters

text: and

text: were

text: institutionalized

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: reported

text: having

text: total

text: housing

text: units

text: down

text: slightly

text: from

text: housing

text: units

text: in

text: As

text: of

text: percent

text: of

text: housing

text: units

text: were

text: occupied

text: while

text: percent

text: were

text: vacant

text: a

text: slight

text: change

text: from

text: where

text: percent

text: of

text: units

text: were

text: occupied

text: or

text: and

text: percent

text: were

text: vacant

text: or

text: Of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: residents

text: percent

text: reported

text: having

text: no

text: vehicles

text: available

text: while

text: percent

text: had

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: vehicles

text: available

text: as

text: of

question: What is the density?

answer: 11,457 people per square mile

text: 11,457 people per square mile

question: How many houses or apartments were there in 2010?

answer: 670,171

question: What percent are vacant as of 2013?

answer: 13 percent

text: 13 percent

question: What percent don't own cars?

answer: 32

question: What percent own 2 or more cars?

answer: 23


text: Vaiśeṣika metaphysical premises are founded on a form of atomism, that the reality is composed of four substances (earth, water, air, fire). Each of these four are of two types: atomic (paramāṇu) and composite. An atom is, according to Vaiśeṣika scholars, that which is indestructible (anitya), indivisible, and has a special kind of dimension, called “small” (aṇu). A composite, in this philosophy, is defined to be anything which is divisible into atoms. Whatever human beings perceive is composite, while atoms are invisible. The Vaiśeṣikas stated that size, form, truths and everything that human beings experience as a whole is a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements, their guṇa (quality), karma (activity), sāmānya (commonness), viśeṣa (particularity) and amavāya (inherence, inseparable connectedness of everything).

title: Hindu_philosophy

title: Hindu_philosophy

text: Vaiśeṣika

text: metaphysical

text: premises

text: are

text: founded

text: on

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: atomism

text: that

text: the

text: reality

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: four

text: substances

text: earth

text: water

text: air

text: fire

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: four

text: are

text: of

text: two

text: types

text: atomic

text: paramāṇu

text: and

text: composite

text: An

text: atom

text: is

text: according

text: to

text: Vaiśeṣika

text: scholars

text: that

text: which

text: is

text: indestructible

text: anitya

text: indivisible

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: special

text: kind

text: of

text: dimension

text: called

text: small

text: aṇu

text: A

text: composite

text: in

text: this

text: philosophy

text: is

text: defined

text: to

text: be

text: anything

text: which

text: is

text: divisible

text: into

text: atoms

text: Whatever

text: human

text: beings

text: perceive

text: is

text: composite

text: while

text: atoms

text: are

text: invisible

text: The

text: Vaiśeṣikas

text: stated

text: that

text: size

text: form

text: truths

text: and

text: everything

text: that

text: human

text: beings

text: experience

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: is

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: atoms

text: their

text: number

text: and

text: their

text: spatial

text: arrangements

text: their

text: guṇa

text: quality

text: karma

text: activity

text: sāmānya

text: commonness

text: viśeṣa

text: particularity

text: and

text: amavāya

text: inherence

text: inseparable

text: connectedness

text: of

text: everything

question: According to Vaisesika philosophy, how many substances comprise reality?

answer: four

text: four

question: What are the substances of Vaisesika reality?

answer: earth, water, air, fire

text: earth, water, air, fire

question: Of what does Vaisesika philosophy say the things are made ?

answer: atoms

text: atoms

question: According to Vaisesika what is divisible into atoms?

answer: composite

text: composite

question: What form are atoms in Vaisesika?

answer: invisible

text: invisible

question: How many realities are there?

text: four

question: What does Vaisesika teach is able to be destroyed?

text: An atom

question: What is not a function of atoms?

text: Whatever human beings perceive

question: What is the name of a substance's special dimension?

text: aṇu

question: What are atoms divided into?

text: composite


text: In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In 1908 Shuman formed the Sun Power Company with the intent of building larger solar power plants. He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether. Shuman then constructed a full-scale steam engine powered by low-pressure water, enabling him to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: In

text: Frank

text: Shuman

text: a

text: U.S.

text: inventor

text: engineer

text: and

text: solar

text: energy

text: pioneer

text: built

text: a

text: small

text: demonstration

text: solar

text: engine

text: that

text: worked

text: by

text: reflecting

text: solar

text: energy

text: onto

text: square

text: boxes

text: filled

text: with

text: ether

text: which

text: has

text: a

text: lower

text: boiling

text: point

text: than

text: water

text: and

text: were

text: fitted

text: internally

text: with

text: black

text: pipes

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: powered

text: a

text: steam

text: engine

text: In

text: Shuman

text: formed

text: the

text: Sun

text: Power

text: Company

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: building

text: larger

text: solar

text: power

text: plants

text: He

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: technical

text: advisor

text: A.S.E.

text: Ackermann

text: and

text: British

text: physicist

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Vernon

text: Boys

text: developed

text: an

text: improved

text: system

text: using

text: mirrors

text: to

text: reflect

text: solar

text: energy

text: upon

text: collector

text: boxes

text: increasing

text: heating

text: capacity

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: water

text: could

text: now

text: be

text: used

text: instead

text: of

text: ether

text: Shuman

text: then

text: constructed

text: a

text: full

text: scale

text: steam

text: engine

text: powered

text: by

text: low

text: pressure

text: water

text: enabling

text: him

text: to

text: patent

text: the

text: entire

text: solar

text: engine

text: system

text: by

question: What was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897?

answer: Frank Shuman

text: Frank Shuman

question: In what year was the Sun Power Company formed?

answer: 1908

question: Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year?

answer: 1912

question: Who is Frank Shuman?

answer: a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer

text: a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer

question: In what year did solar engine build his solar engine?

answer: 1897

question: What was the solar engine used to power?

answer: steam engine

text: steam engine

question: In what year was the Sun Power Company established?

answer: 1908

question: In what year did Frank Shuman patent his solar engine?

answer: 1912


text: On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: On

text: January

text: at

text: the

text: third

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: All

text: Russian

text: Congress

text: of

text: Soviets

text: the

text: unrecognized

text: state

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Russian

text: Republic

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Brest

text: Litovsk

text: was

text: signed

text: giving

text: away

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: to

text: Germany

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: peace

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Russian

text: Constitution

text: of

text: renamed

text: the

text: country

text: the

text: Russian

text: Socialist

text: Federative

text: Soviet

text: Republic

text: By

text: during

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: several

text: states

text: within

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: had

text: seceded

text: reducing

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: even

text: more

question: Which official name was Russia given at the start of 1918?

answer: the Soviet Russian Republic

text: the Soviet Russian Republic

question: To which country did Russia give land during World War I?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War I?

answer: the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

text: the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

question: What war resulted in Russia shrinking further during 1918?

answer: the Russian Civil War

text: the Russian Civil War

question: What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1918?

answer: third

text: third

question: On January 25, 1918, what was the official name given to the Soviet state?

answer: the Soviet Russian Republic

text: the Soviet Russian Republic

question: What did Russia receive in return for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

answer: peace in World War I

text: peace in World War I

question: On what date was the country renamed the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?

answer: July 10, 1918

text: July 10, 1918

question: During what 1918 conflict did states secede from Russia?

answer: the Russian Civil War

text: the Russian Civil War

question: Which unofficial name was Russia given at the start of 1918?

text: Soviet Russian Republic

question: To which country did Russia give land during World War II?

text: Germany

question: Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War II?

text: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

question: What war resulted in Russia growing further during 1918?

text: Russian Civil War

question: What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1981?

text: third


text: After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: After

text: the

text: preamble

text: comes

text: numbered

text: articles

text: which

text: contain

text: the

text: substance

text: of

text: the

text: parties

text: actual

text: agreement

text: Each

text: article

text: heading

text: usually

text: encompasses

text: a

text: paragraph

text: A

text: long

text: treaty

text: may

text: further

text: group

text: articles

text: under

text: chapter

text: headings

question: What follows the preamble in a treaty?

answer: numbered articles

text: numbered articles

question: What is contained in the numbered articles of a treaty?

answer: the substance of the parties' actual agreement

text: the substance of the parties' actual agreement

question: What does each article heading usually encompass?

answer: a paragraph

text: a paragraph

question: How might the articles in a long treaty be grouped?

answer: under chapter headings

text: under chapter headings

question: The numbered articles of a treaty may be grouped by chapter heading in what kind of treaty?

answer: A long treaty

text: A long treaty


text: Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", TED curator Chris Anderson referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication". Anderson asserted that it's not far-fetched to say that online video will dramatically accelerate scientific advance, and that video contributors may be about to launch "the biggest learning cycle in human history." In education, for example, the Khan Academy grew from YouTube video tutoring sessions for founder Salman Khan's cousin into what Forbes'  Michael Noer called "the largest school in the world", with technology poised to disrupt how people learn.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: Observing

text: that

text: face

text: to

text: face

text: communication

text: of

text: the

text: type

text: that

text: online

text: videos

text: convey

text: has

text: been

text: fine

text: tuned

text: by

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: of

text: evolution

text: TED

text: curator

text: Chris

text: Anderson

text: referred

text: to

text: several

text: YouTube

text: contributors

text: and

text: asserted

text: that

text: what

text: Gutenberg

text: did

text: for

text: writing

text: online

text: video

text: can

text: now

text: do

text: for

text: face

text: to

text: face

text: communication

text: Anderson

text: asserted

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: not

text: far

text: fetched

text: to

text: say

text: that

text: online

text: video

text: will

text: dramatically

text: accelerate

text: scientific

text: advance

text: and

text: that

text: video

text: contributors

text: may

text: be

text: about

text: to

text: launch

text: the

text: biggest

text: learning

text: cycle

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: In

text: education

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Khan

text: Academy

text: grew

text: from

text: YouTube

text: video

text: tutoring

text: sessions

text: for

text: founder

text: Salman

text: Khan

text: 's

text: cousin

text: into

text: what

text: Forbes

text: Michael

text: Noer

text: called

text: the

text: largest

text: school

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: technology

text: poised

text: to

text: disrupt

text: how

text: people

text: learn

question: Who is the TED curator?

answer: Chris Anderson

text: Chris Anderson

question: What surprising feature does youtube possibly have the chance to revolutionize?

answer: face-to-face communication

text: face-to-face communication

question: Who is the founder of the Khan Academy?

answer: Salman Khan

text: Salman Khan

question: What other surprising aspect of human development will youtube likely have an impact on?

answer: education

text: education

question: What famous historic figure did DET curator Chris Anderson reference?

text: Gutenberg

question: What did Salman Noer found?

text: Khan Academy

question: What did Michael Khan call the Kahn Academy?

text: the largest school in the world


text: Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at least 1510. Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered. (See red hair).

title: Red

title: Red

text: Red

text: hair

text: varies

text: from

text: a

text: deep

text: burgundy

text: through

text: burnt

text: orange

text: to

text: bright

text: copper

text: It

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: reddish

text: pigment

text: pheomelanin

text: which

text: also

text: accounts

text: for

text: the

text: red

text: color

text: of

text: the

text: lips

text: and

text: relatively

text: low

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: dark

text: pigment

text: eumelanin

text: The

text: term

text: redhead

text: originally

text: redd

text: hede

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: Cultural

text: reactions

text: have

text: varied

text: from

text: ridicule

text: to

text: admiration

text: many

text: common

text: stereotypes

text: exist

text: regarding

text: redheads

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: often

text: portrayed

text: as

text: fiery

text: tempered

text: See

text: red

text: hair

question: What pigment accounts for the majority of color in red hair?

answer: pheomelanin

text: pheomelanin

question: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it?

answer: the lips

text: the lips

question: Aside from pheomelanin what color pigment contributes to red hair?

answer: eumelanin

text: eumelanin

question: In what year can the earliest used of redhead be traced to?

answer: 1510

question: What type of temper are people with red hair considered to have?

answer: fiery

text: fiery

question: How does copper hair vary?

question: Copper color is characterized by what?

question: What was hede redd the original term for?

text: redhead

question: What has been in use since 1015?

text: The term redhead


text: In 2002, businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor. Also in 2002, Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery. Tennessee's Bob Corker was the only freshman Republican elected to the United States Senate in the 2006 midterm elections. The state constitution was amended to reject same-sex marriage. In January 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican elected as Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction, as a result of the realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties in the South since the late 20th century, with Republicans now elected by conservative voters, who previously had supported Democrats.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: In

text: businessman

text: Phil

text: Bredesen

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: governor

text: Also

text: in

text: Tennessee

text: amended

text: the

text: state

text: constitution

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: lottery

text: Tennessee

text: 's

text: Bob

text: Corker

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: freshman

text: Republican

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Senate

text: in

text: the

text: midterm

text: elections

text: The

text: state

text: constitution

text: was

text: amended

text: to

text: reject

text: same

text: sex

text: marriage

text: In

text: January

text: Ron

text: Ramsey

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Republican

text: elected

text: as

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: Senate

text: since

text: Reconstruction

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: realignment

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: and

text: Republican

text: parties

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: with

text: Republicans

text: now

text: elected

text: by

text: conservative

text: voters

text: who

text: previously

text: had

text: supported

text: Democrats

question: Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002?

answer: Phil Bredesen

text: Phil Bredesen

question: Which Tennessee Senator was the only Republican first-time Senator elected in 2006?

answer: Bob Corker

text: Bob Corker

question: Who was the first Republican Speaker of the Tennessee state senate since Democrats took control in the Reconstruction era?

answer: Ron Ramsey

text: Ron Ramsey

question: Which political party did the majority of conservative Tennessee voters support in the early 20th century?

answer: Democratic

text: Democratic