text: Selenizza is mainly used as an additive in the road construction sector. It is mixed with traditional bitumen to improve both the viscoelastic properties and the resistance to ageing. It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of normal asphalt plants. Other typical applications include the production of mastic asphalts for sidewalks, bridges, car-parks and urban roads as well as drilling fluid additives for the oil and gas industry. Selenizza is available in powder or in granular material of various particle sizes and is packaged in big bags or in thermal fusible polyethylene bags.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Selenizza

text: is

text: mainly

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: additive

text: in

text: the

text: road

text: construction

text: sector

text: It

text: is

text: mixed

text: with

text: traditional

text: bitumen

text: to

text: improve

text: both

text: the

text: viscoelastic

text: properties

text: and

text: the

text: resistance

text: to

text: ageing

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: blended

text: with

text: the

text: hot

text: bitumen

text: in

text: tanks

text: but

text: its

text: granular

text: form

text: allows

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: fed

text: in

text: the

text: mixer

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: recycling

text: ring

text: of

text: normal

text: asphalt

text: plants

text: Other

text: typical

text: applications

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: mastic

text: asphalts

text: for

text: sidewalks

text: bridges

text: car

text: parks

text: and

text: urban

text: roads

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: drilling

text: fluid

text: additives

text: for

text: the

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: industry

text: Selenizza

text: is

text: available

text: in

text: powder

text: or

text: in

text: granular

text: material

text: of

text: various

text: particle

text: sizes

text: and

text: is

text: packaged

text: in

text: big

text: bags

text: or

text: in

text: thermal

text: fusible

text: polyethylene

text: bags

question: What component is added to bitumen to improve it?

answer: Selenizza

text: Selenizza

question: To what other paving material is Selenizza added?

answer: mastic asphalts

text: mastic asphalts

question: What purpose does Selenizza have in the drilling industry?

answer: fluid additives

text: fluid additives

question: In what form is Selenizza offered?

answer: granular

text: granular

question: How is Selenizza shipped?

answer: bags

text: bags

question: What is mostly used as an additive in constructing recycling rings?

text: Selenizza

question: What is available in powder or fluid form and offered in various particle sizes?

text: Selenizza

question: What is Selenizza mixed with to improve resistance to bridges?

text: bitumen

question: What is Selenizza mixed with to worsen viscoelastic properties?

text: bitumen

question: What may be mixed with cold bitumen in tanks?

text: Selenizza


text: One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: One

text: important

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: initiatives

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: ’s

text: impact

text: on

text: economic

text: development

text: The

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: movement

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: fully

text: successful

text: in

text: transitional

text: and

text: developing

text: countries

text: without

text: an

text: answer

text: to

text: the

text: question

text: does

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: matter

text: for

text: economic

text: development

text: or

text: not

text: Constitutional

text: economics

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: compatibility

text: of

text: economic

text: and

text: financial

text: decisions

text: within

text: existing

text: constitutional

text: law

text: frameworks

text: and

text: such

text: a

text: framework

text: includes

text: government

text: spending

text: on

text: the

text: judiciary

text: which

text: in

text: many

text: transitional

text: and

text: developing

text: countries

text: is

text: completely

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: It

text: is

text: useful

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: methods

text: of

text: corruption

text: of

text: the

text: judiciary

text: corruption

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: corruption

text: by

text: private

text: actors

question: The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied?

answer: economic development

text: economic development

question: What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy?

answer: Constitutional economics

text: Constitutional economics

question: In what branch of government is corruption examined?

answer: executive branch

text: executive branch

question: In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions?

answer: the executive

text: the executive

question: What is the term for corruption by individuals?

answer: corruption by private actors

text: corruption by private actors

question: What type of development is not impacted by rule of law?

text: economic development.

question: What doctoring studies rules in your relationships with the government?

text: Constitutional economics

question: What is this study of economics and financial decisions regardless of law?

text: Constitutional economics


text: A decade into co-education, rampant student assault and harassment by faculty became the impetus for the trailblazing lawsuit Alexander v. Yale. While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center. In March 2011 a Title IX complaint was filed against Yale by students and recent graduates, including editors of Yale's feminist magazine Broad Recognition, alleging that the university had a hostile sexual climate. In response, the university formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: A

text: decade

text: into

text: co

text: education

text: rampant

text: student

text: assault

text: and

text: harassment

text: by

text: faculty

text: became

text: the

text: impetus

text: for

text: the

text: trailblazing

text: lawsuit

text: Alexander

text: v.

text: Yale

text: While

text: unsuccessful

text: in

text: the

text: courts

text: the

text: legal

text: reasoning

text: behind

text: the

text: case

text: changed

text: the

text: landscape

text: of

text: sex

text: discrimination

text: law

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Yale

text: 's

text: Grievance

text: Board

text: and

text: the

text: Yale

text: Women

text: 's

text: Center

text: In

text: March

text: a

text: Title

text: IX

text: complaint

text: was

text: filed

text: against

text: Yale

text: by

text: students

text: and

text: recent

text: graduates

text: including

text: editors

text: of

text: Yale

text: 's

text: feminist

text: magazine

text: Broad

text: Recognition

text: alleging

text: that

text: the

text: university

text: had

text: a

text: hostile

text: sexual

text: climate

text: In

text: response

text: the

text: university

text: formed

text: a

text: Title

text: IX

text: steering

text: committee

text: to

text: address

text: complaints

text: of

text: sexual

text: misconduct

question: What led to Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center?

answer: Alexander v. Yale

text: Alexander v. Yale

question: When was a Title IX complaint filed against Yale?

answer: March 2011

text: March 2011

question: What was the name of the magazine of which multiple editors were involved in the Title IX complaint?

answer: Broad Recognition

text: Broad Recognition

question: What was the complaint of the editors of Broad Recognition?

answer: the university had a hostile sexual climate

text: the university had a hostile sexual climate

question: What did Yale do about the Title IX complaint?

answer: formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct

text: formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct

question: What led to Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Men's Center?

text: Alexander v. Yale

question: When was a Title X complaint filed against Yale?

question: What was the name of the magazine of which multiple editors were involved in the Title X complaint?

text: Broad Recognition

question: What was the complaint of the writers of Broad Recognition?

question: What did Yale do about the Title X complaint?


text: In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: Congregational

text: and

text: Presbyterian

text: churches

text: which

text: profess

text: a

text: traditionally

text: Calvinist

text: or

text: Reformed

text: theology

text: there

text: are

text: differing

text: views

text: regarding

text: present

text: day

text: continuation

text: or

text: cessation

text: of

text: the

text: gifts

text: charismata

text: of

text: the

text: Spirit

text: Generally

text: however

text: Reformed

text: charismatics

text: distance

text: themselves

text: from

text: renewal

text: movements

text: with

text: tendencies

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: perceived

text: as

text: overemotional

text: such

text: as

text: Word

text: of

text: Faith

text: Toronto

text: Blessing

text: Brownsville

text: Revival

text: and

text: Lakeland

text: Revival

text: Prominent

text: Reformed

text: charismatic

text: denominations

text: are

text: the

text: Sovereign

text: Grace

text: Churches

text: and

text: the

text: Every

text: Nation

text: Churches

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: there

text: is

text: the

text: Newfrontiers

text: churches

text: and

text: movement

text: which

text: leading

text: figure

text: is

text: Terry

text: Virgo

question: Who heads the Newfrontiers movement?

answer: Terry Virgo

text: Terry Virgo

question: Where is Every Nations Churches located?

answer: USA

text: USA

question: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid?

answer: overemotional

text: overemotional

question: What is a name for gifts of the Spirit?

answer: charismata

text: charismata

question: Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional.

answer: Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival

text: Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival


text: Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already been borrowed into the Germanic languages before the ancestral Angles and Saxons left continental Europe for Britain. More entered the language when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin-speaking priests became influential. It was also through Irish Christian missionaries that the Latin alphabet was introduced and adapted for the writing of Old English, replacing the earlier runic system. Nonetheless, the largest transfer of Latin-based (mainly Old French) words into English occurred after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and thus in the Middle English rather than the Old English period.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: Old

text: English

text: contained

text: a

text: certain

text: number

text: of

text: loanwords

text: from

text: Latin

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: scholarly

text: and

text: diplomatic

text: lingua

text: franca

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: sometimes

text: possible

text: to

text: give

text: approximate

text: dates

text: for

text: the

text: borrowing

text: of

text: individual

text: Latin

text: words

text: based

text: on

text: which

text: patterns

text: of

text: sound

text: change

text: they

text: have

text: undergone

text: Some

text: Latin

text: words

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: borrowed

text: into

text: the

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: before

text: the

text: ancestral

text: Angles

text: and

text: Saxons

text: left

text: continental

text: Europe

text: for

text: Britain

text: More

text: entered

text: the

text: language

text: when

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: were

text: converted

text: to

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Latin

text: speaking

text: priests

text: became

text: influential

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: through

text: Irish

text: Christian

text: missionaries

text: that

text: the

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: was

text: introduced

text: and

text: adapted

text: for

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: Old

text: English

text: replacing

text: the

text: earlier

text: runic

text: system

text: Nonetheless

text: the

text: largest

text: transfer

text: of

text: Latin

text: based

text: mainly

text: Old

text: French

text: words

text: into

text: English

text: occurred

text: after

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: of

text: and

text: thus

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: English

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: period

question: From what language did Old English borrow some words?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What individuals introduced the Latin alphabet to the speakers of Old English?

answer: Irish Christian missionaries

text: Irish Christian missionaries

question: Before the introduction of the Latin alphabet, how was Old English written?

answer: runic system

text: runic system

question: After the Norman Conquest, Latin words entered English via what language?

answer: Old French

text: Old French

question: In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?

answer: 1066

question: What contains loan words from Western Europe?

text: Old English

question: When were words borrowed from the Germanic languages?

question: When did English influence Latin words?

question: Who introduced the Irish language?

text: Irish Christian missionaries


text: The term mainly refers to a mix of lithium and aluminosilicates that yields an array of materials with interesting thermomechanical properties. The most commercially important of these have the distinction of being impervious to thermal shock. Thus, glass-ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking. The negative thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the crystalline ceramic phase can be balanced with the positive CTE of the glassy phase. At a certain point (~70% crystalline) the glass-ceramic has a net CTE near zero. This type of glass-ceramic exhibits excellent mechanical properties and can sustain repeated and quick temperature changes up to 1000 °C.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: The

text: term

text: mainly

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: mix

text: of

text: lithium

text: and

text: aluminosilicates

text: that

text: yields

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: materials

text: with

text: interesting

text: thermomechanical

text: properties

text: The

text: most

text: commercially

text: important

text: of

text: these

text: have

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: impervious

text: to

text: thermal

text: shock

text: Thus

text: glass

text: ceramics

text: have

text: become

text: extremely

text: useful

text: for

text: countertop

text: cooking

text: The

text: negative

text: thermal

text: expansion

text: coefficient

text: CTE

text: of

text: the

text: crystalline

text: ceramic

text: phase

text: can

text: be

text: balanced

text: with

text: the

text: positive

text: CTE

text: of

text: the

text: glassy

text: phase

text: At

text: a

text: certain

text: point

text: crystalline

text: the

text: glass

text: ceramic

text: has

text: a

text: net

text: CTE

text: near

text: zero

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: glass

text: ceramic

text: exhibits

text: excellent

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: and

text: can

text: sustain

text: repeated

text: and

text: quick

text: temperature

text: changes

text: up

text: to

text: C

question: How high of a temperature change can glass-ceramics handle?

answer: 1000 °C

text: 1000 °C

question: Because of their heat resistance, glass-ceramics are especially suitable for what?

answer: countertop cooking

text: countertop cooking

question: What is the most economically significant property of glass-ceramics?

answer: impervious to thermal shock

text: impervious to thermal shock

question: What ingredients give glass-ceramics its useful heat tolerance?

answer: lithium and aluminosilicates

text: lithium and aluminosilicates

question: What proportion of crystalline ceramics yields a product with a CTE of around 0?

answer: ~70%

question: How high of a temperature change can CTEs handle?

text: 1000 °C

question: Because of their heat resistance, arrays are especially suitable for what?

text: countertop cooking

question: What is the most economically significant property of countertops?

text: impervious to thermal shock

question: What ingredients give glass-ceramics its useful thermal expansion?

text: lithium and aluminosilicates

question: What proportion of crystalline ceramics yields a product with a CTE of around 1000?


text: Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: a

text: broad

text: plain

text: between

text: the

text: Florida

text: Everglades

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: which

text: also

text: extends

text: from

text: Florida

text: Bay

text: north

text: to

text: Lake

text: Okeechobee

text: The

text: elevation

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: never

text: rises

text: above

text: ft

text: m

text: and

text: averages

text: at

text: around

text: ft

text: m

text: above

text: mean

text: sea

text: level

text: in

text: most

text: neighborhoods

text: especially

text: near

text: the

text: coast

text: The

text: highest

text: undulations

text: are

text: found

text: along

text: the

text: coastal

text: Miami

text: Rock

text: Ridge

text: whose

text: substrate

text: underlies

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: The

text: main

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: which

text: contains

text: several

text: hundred

text: natural

text: and

text: artificially

text: created

text: barrier

text: islands

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: contains

text: Miami

text: Beach

text: and

text: South

text: Beach

text: The

text: Gulf

text: Stream

text: a

text: warm

text: ocean

text: current

text: runs

text: northward

text: just

text: miles

text: km

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: allowing

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: climate

text: to

text: stay

text: warm

text: and

text: mild

text: all

text: year

question: Where are the Everglades in relation to Miami?

answer: east

text: east

question: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move?

answer: west

text: west

question: What is the northern terminus of Biscayne Bay?

answer: Lake Okeechobee

text: Lake Okeechobee

question: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Stream from Miami's coast?

answer: 24

question: In meters, what is the average height above sea level of the Miami area?

answer: 1.8

question: Where aren't the Everglades in relation to Miami?

text: east

question: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction wouldn't one move?

text: west

question: What is the southern terminus of Biscayne Bay?

text: Lake Okeechobee

question: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Mountain from Miami's coast?

text: 24 km

question: In meters, what is the average weight above sea level of the Miami area?

text: 1.8 m


text: The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government.

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)

title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: Ministers

text: and

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: the

text: Defence

text: Staff

text: are

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: civilian

text: scientific

text: and

text: professional

text: military

text: advisors

text: The

text: Permanent

text: Under

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Defence

text: generally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Permanent

text: Secretary

text: is

text: the

text: senior

text: civil

text: servant

text: at

text: the

text: MoD.

text: His

text: or

text: her

text: role

text: is

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: MoD

text: operates

text: effectively

text: as

text: a

text: department

text: of

text: the

text: government

question: Who is supported by civilian, scientific, and professional military advisors?

answer: The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff

text: The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff

question: What is the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence generally known as?

answer: Permanent Secretary

text: Permanent Secretary

question: Where does the Permanent Secretary serve as the senior civil servant?

answer: MoD

text: MoD

question: What is the role of the Permanent Secretary?

answer: to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government

text: to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government

question: Who supports the Permanent Secretary?

question: What is another name for the Minister of the Defense?

text: the Permanent Secretary

question: What is the role of the Chief of Defence?

question: Where does the Minister of Defence serve as the senior civil servant?

text: at the MoD

question: What does the Chief of Defense do?


text: The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length. These changes are also related to hormonal changes in the birds. In the period before migration, many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe (German: migratory restlessness), first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795, as well as physiological changes such as increased fat deposition. The occurrence of Zugunruhe even in cage-raised birds with no environmental cues (e.g. shortening of day and falling temperature) has pointed to the role of circannual endogenous programs in controlling bird migrations. Caged birds display a preferential flight direction that corresponds with the migratory direction they would take in nature, changing their preferential direction at roughly the same time their wild conspecifics change course.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: The

text: primary

text: physiological

text: cue

text: for

text: migration

text: are

text: the

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: day

text: length

text: These

text: changes

text: are

text: also

text: related

text: to

text: hormonal

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: birds

text: In

text: the

text: period

text: before

text: migration

text: many

text: birds

text: display

text: higher

text: activity

text: or

text: Zugunruhe

text: German

text: migratory

text: restlessness

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: Johann

text: Friedrich

text: Naumann

text: in

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: physiological

text: changes

text: such

text: as

text: increased

text: fat

text: deposition

text: The

text: occurrence

text: of

text: Zugunruhe

text: even

text: in

text: cage

text: raised

text: birds

text: with

text: no

text: environmental

text: cues

text: e.g.

text: shortening

text: of

text: day

text: and

text: falling

text: temperature

text: has

text: pointed

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: circannual

text: endogenous

text: programs

text: in

text: controlling

text: bird

text: migrations

text: Caged

text: birds

text: display

text: a

text: preferential

text: flight

text: direction

text: that

text: corresponds

text: with

text: the

text: migratory

text: direction

text: they

text: would

text: take

text: in

text: nature

text: changing

text: their

text: preferential

text: direction

text: at

text: roughly

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: their

text: wild

text: conspecifics

text: change

text: course

question: What is the primary cue for migration?

answer: changes in the day length

text: changes in the day length

question: How do birds act in the period before migration?

answer: higher activity

text: higher activity

question: What does Zugunruhe mean in English?

answer: migratory restlessness

text: migratory restlessness

question: What do caged birds display that corresponds with migratory direction in nature?

answer: preferential flight direction

text: preferential flight direction

question: When do caged birds change their preferential direction?

answer: the same time their wild conspecifics change course

text: the same time their wild conspecifics change course


text: The city has undergone many changes to its governance over the centuries and once again became administratively independent from Hampshire County as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997, a result of the 1992 Local Government Act. The district remains part of the Hampshire ceremonial county.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: undergone

text: many

text: changes

text: to

text: its

text: governance

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: and

text: once

text: again

text: became

text: administratively

text: independent

text: from

text: Hampshire

text: County

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: made

text: into

text: a

text: unitary

text: authority

text: in

text: a

text: local

text: government

text: reorganisation

text: on

text: April

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Local

text: Government

text: Act

text: The

text: district

text: remains

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Hampshire

text: ceremonial

text: county

question: What county did the city of Southampton become administratively independent of in April of 1997?

answer: Hampshire County

text: Hampshire County

question: What official designation did Southampton receive in the April 1997 local government reorganization?

answer: unitary authority

text: unitary authority

question: What act was responsible for the reorganization of local government on April 1, 1997?

answer: 1992 Local Government Act

text: 1992 Local Government Act

question: What ceremonial county does Southampton still belong to?

answer: Hampshire

text: Hampshire


text: The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whaling era, which lasted until 1966, the population of that island varied from over 1,000 in the summer (over 2,000 in some years) to some 200 in the winter. Most of the whalers were Norwegian, with an increasing proportion of Britons. The settlements included Grytviken, Leith Harbour, King Edward Point, Stromness, Husvik, Prince Olav Harbour, Ocean Harbour and Godthul. Managers and other senior officers of the whaling stations often lived together with their families. Among them was the founder of Grytviken, Captain Carl Anton Larsen, a prominent Norwegian whaler and explorer who, along with his family, adopted British citizenship in 1910.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: first

text: semi

text: permanent

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: regions

text: near

text: Antarctica

text: areas

text: situated

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Convergence

text: were

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: sealers

text: who

text: used

text: to

text: spend

text: a

text: year

text: or

text: more

text: on

text: South

text: Georgia

text: from

text: onward

text: During

text: the

text: whaling

text: era

text: which

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: that

text: island

text: varied

text: from

text: over

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: over

text: in

text: some

text: years

text: to

text: some

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: whalers

text: were

text: Norwegian

text: with

text: an

text: increasing

text: proportion

text: of

text: Britons

text: The

text: settlements

text: included

text: Grytviken

text: Leith

text: Harbour

text: King

text: Edward

text: Point

text: Stromness

text: Husvik

text: Prince

text: Olav

text: Harbour

text: Ocean

text: Harbour

text: and

text: Godthul

text: Managers

text: and

text: other

text: senior

text: officers

text: of

text: the

text: whaling

text: stations

text: often

text: lived

text: together

text: with

text: their

text: families

text: Among

text: them

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: Grytviken

text: Captain

text: Carl

text: Anton

text: Larsen

text: a

text: prominent

text: Norwegian

text: whaler

text: and

text: explorer

text: who

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: family

text: adopted

text: British

text: citizenship

text: in

question: Where did the first semi-permanent residents of the Antarctic area live?

answer: South Georgia

text: South Georgia

question: What was the profession of the residents of South Georgia?

answer: sealers

text: sealers

question: In what year did the sealers start staying on South Georgia?

answer: 1786

question: What was the nationality of most whalers?

answer: Norwegian

text: Norwegian

question: When did explorer Carl Anton Larsen become a British citizen?

answer: 1910

question: Who were the first permenat residents of regions near Antarctica?

text: British and American sealers

question: When was the first perminant settlment established on South Georgia?

question: Who settled South Georgia in 1966?

text: Norwegian

question: What settlements were established on Antarctica?

question: What British citizens established Grtviken on Antarctica?

text: Captain Carl Anton Larsen

question: Who were the first permanent inhabitants of Antarctica?

text: British and American sealers

question: What lasted until 1696?

text: whaling era

question: What were the Norwegian settlements?

question: What did Captain Anon Carl Larsen found?

text: Grytviken

question: Who adopted British citizenship in 1901?

text: Captain Carl Anton Larsen


text: A countout (alternatively "count-out" or "count out") happens when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten (twenty in some promotions) and thus disqualified. The count is broken and restarted when a wrestler in the ring exits the ring. Playing into this, some wrestlers will "milk" the count by sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out. As they were technically inside the ring for a split second before exiting again, it is sufficient to restart the count. This is often referred to by commentators as "breaking the count." Heels often use this tactic in order to buy themselves more time to catch their breath, or to attempt to frustrate their babyface opponents.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: A

text: countout

text: alternatively

text: count

text: out

text: or

text: count

text: out

text: happens

text: when

text: a

text: wrestler

text: is

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: ring

text: long

text: enough

text: for

text: the

text: referee

text: to

text: count

text: to

text: ten

text: twenty

text: in

text: some

text: promotions

text: and

text: thus

text: disqualified

text: The

text: count

text: is

text: broken

text: and

text: restarted

text: when

text: a

text: wrestler

text: in

text: the

text: ring

text: exits

text: the

text: ring

text: Playing

text: into

text: this

text: some

text: wrestlers

text: will

text: milk

text: the

text: count

text: by

text: sliding

text: in

text: the

text: ring

text: and

text: immediately

text: sliding

text: back

text: out

text: As

text: they

text: were

text: technically

text: inside

text: the

text: ring

text: for

text: a

text: split

text: second

text: before

text: exiting

text: again

text: it

text: is

text: sufficient

text: to

text: restart

text: the

text: count

text: This

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: commentators

text: as

text: breaking

text: the

text: count

text: Heels

text: often

text: use

text: this

text: tactic

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: buy

text: themselves

text: more

text: time

text: to

text: catch

text: their

text: breath

text: or

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: frustrate

text: their

text: babyface

text: opponents

question: What are a couple other ways to write countout?

answer: "count-out" or "count out"

text: "count-out" or "count out"

question: What happens during a countout?

answer: when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten

text: when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten

question: What will some wrestlers do to take advantage of the countout?

answer: sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out

text: sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out

question: What is the trick of sliding in and then back out of the ring called?

answer: breaking the count.

text: breaking the count.


text: Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect, with a moderately complex tense system. Serbo-Croatian is a pro-drop language with flexible word order, subject–verb–object being the default. It can be written in Serbian Cyrillic or Gaj's Latin alphabet, whose thirty letters mutually map one-to-one, and the orthography is highly phonemic in all standards.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: Like

text: other

text: South

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: has

text: a

text: simple

text: phonology

text: with

text: the

text: common

text: five

text: vowel

text: system

text: and

text: twenty

text: five

text: consonants

text: Its

text: grammar

text: evolved

text: from

text: Common

text: Slavic

text: with

text: complex

text: inflection

text: preserving

text: seven

text: grammatical

text: cases

text: in

text: nouns

text: pronouns

text: and

text: adjectives

text: Verbs

text: exhibit

text: imperfective

text: or

text: perfective

text: aspect

text: with

text: a

text: moderately

text: complex

text: tense

text: system

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: is

text: a

text: pro

text: drop

text: language

text: with

text: flexible

text: word

text: order

text: subject

text: verb

text: object

text: being

text: the

text: default

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: written

text: in

text: Serbian

text: Cyrillic

text: or

text: Gaj

text: 's

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: whose

text: thirty

text: letters

text: mutually

text: map

text: one

text: to

text: one

text: and

text: the

text: orthography

text: is

text: highly

text: phonemic

text: in

text: all

text: standards

question: How many vowels does the Serbo-Croatian language have?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many consonants does the Serbo-Croatian language have?

answer: twenty-five

text: twenty-five

question: From where does Serbo-Croatian derive its grammar?

answer: Common Slavic

text: Common Slavic

question: Which alphabets can be used to express the Serbo-Croatian language?

answer: Serbian Cyrillic or Gaj's Latin

text: Serbian Cyrillic or Gaj's Latin

question: What kind of phonology does Serbian Cyrillic have?

text: simple

question: How many consonants are in Gaj's Latin alphabet?

text: twenty-five

question: Where did Serbian Cyrillic evolve from?

text: Common Slavic

question: What kind of word order does Gaj's latin alphabet have?

text: flexible

question: Name another language that Common Slavic can be written in besides Serbian Cyrillic?

text: Gaj's Latin alphabet


text: The Polish scholar Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (together with his former student Mikołaj Kruszewski) introduced the concept of the phoneme in 1876, and his work, though often unacknowledged, is considered to be the starting point of modern phonology. He also worked on the theory of phonetic alternations (what is now called allophony and morphophonology), and had a significant influence on the work of Ferdinand de Saussure.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: The

text: Polish

text: scholar

text: Jan

text: Baudouin

text: de

text: Courtenay

text: together

text: with

text: his

text: former

text: student

text: Mikołaj

text: Kruszewski

text: introduced

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: phoneme

text: in

text: and

text: his

text: work

text: though

text: often

text: unacknowledged

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: starting

text: point

text: of

text: modern

text: phonology

text: He

text: also

text: worked

text: on

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: phonetic

text: alternations

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: called

text: allophony

text: and

text: morphophonology

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: significant

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Ferdinand

text: de

text: Saussure

question: When was the phoneme as a concept introduced?

answer: 1876

question: Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's student?

answer: Mikołaj Kruszewski

text: Mikołaj Kruszewski

question: What nationality was de Courtenay?

answer: Polish

text: Polish

question: What was de Courtenay's profession?

answer: scholar

text: scholar

question: Who was influenced by  Jan Baudouin de Courtenay?

answer: Ferdinand de Saussure

text: Ferdinand de Saussure

question: When was allophony as a concept introduced?

question: Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's father?

text: Mikołaj Kruszewski

question: What nationality was Kruszewski?

text: Polish

question: What was Kruszewski's profession?

text: scholar

question: Who was influenced by Mikolaj Kruszewski?

text: Ferdinand de Saussure


text: After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: After

text: India

text: gained

text: independence

text: in

text: a

text: limited

text: autonomy

text: was

text: conferred

text: to

text: New

text: Delhi

text: and

text: was

text: administered

text: by

text: a

text: Chief

text: Commissioner

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: In

text: Delhi

text: was

text: converted

text: into

text: a

text: union

text: territory

text: and

text: eventually

text: the

text: Chief

text: Commissioner

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: The

text: Constitution

text: Sixty

text: ninth

text: Amendment

text: Act

text: declared

text: the

text: Union

text: Territory

text: of

text: Delhi

text: to

text: be

text: formally

text: known

text: as

text: National

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: of

text: Delhi

text: A

text: system

text: was

text: introduced

text: under

text: which

text: the

text: elected

text: Government

text: was

text: given

text: wide

text: powers

text: excluding

text: law

text: and

text: order

text: which

text: remained

text: with

text: the

text: Central

text: Government

text: The

text: actual

text: enforcement

text: of

text: the

text: legislation

text: came

text: in

question: In what year did India gain independence?

answer: 1947

question: In what year was Delhi converted into a union territory?

answer: 1956

question: What is the name of the act that caused the Union Territory of Delhi to become formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi?

answer: The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act

text: The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act

question: The enforcement of the legislation of the Constitution Act began in what year?

answer: 1993

question: In 1956, Delhi was converted into what type of territory?

answer: a union territory

text: a union territory


text: On July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In the second half of 1989, weapons were handed out in Nagorno-Karabakh. When Karabakhis got hold of small arms to replace hunting rifles and crossbows, casualties began to mount; bridges were blown up, roads were blockaded, and hostages were taken.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: held

text: its

text: first

text: congress

text: and

text: elected

text: Abulfaz

text: Elchibey

text: who

text: would

text: become

text: President

text: as

text: its

text: Chairman

text: On

text: August

text: protesters

text: jammed

text: Baku

text: ’s

text: Lenin

text: Square

text: now

text: Azadliq

text: Square

text: to

text: demand

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: political

text: prisoners

text: In

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: weapons

text: were

text: handed

text: out

text: in

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: When

text: Karabakhis

text: got

text: hold

text: of

text: small

text: arms

text: to

text: replace

text: hunting

text: rifles

text: and

text: crossbows

text: casualties

text: began

text: to

text: mount

text: bridges

text: were

text: blown

text: up

text: roads

text: were

text: blockaded

text: and

text: hostages

text: were

text: taken

question: When was Abulfaz Elchibey elected to Chairman of the Popular Front?

answer: July 16, 1989

text: July 16, 1989

question: How many protesters filled Lenin Square on August 19th?

answer: 600,000

question: What did the protesters want?

answer: release of political prisoners

text: release of political prisoners


text: The total length of roads in Nepal is recorded to be (17,182 km (10,676 mi)), as of 2003–04. This fairly large network has helped the economic development of the country, particularly in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, vegetable farming, industry and also tourism. In view of the hilly terrain, transportation takes place in Kathmandu are mainly by road and air. Kathmandu is connected by the Tribhuvan Highway to the south, Prithvi Highway to the west and Araniko Highway to the north. The BP Highway, connecting Kathmandu to the eastern part of Nepal is under construction.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: total

text: length

text: of

text: roads

text: in

text: Nepal

text: is

text: recorded

text: to

text: be

text: km

text: mi

text: as

text: of

text: This

text: fairly

text: large

text: network

text: has

text: helped

text: the

text: economic

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: agriculture

text: horticulture

text: vegetable

text: farming

text: industry

text: and

text: also

text: tourism

text: In

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: hilly

text: terrain

text: transportation

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: are

text: mainly

text: by

text: road

text: and

text: air

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: connected

text: by

text: the

text: Tribhuvan

text: Highway

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Prithvi

text: Highway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Araniko

text: Highway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: BP

text: Highway

text: connecting

text: Kathmandu

text: to

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: under

text: construction

question: As of 2004, how many kilometers of road existed in Nepal?

answer: 17,182

question: Why is travel in Kathmandu mainly via automobile or aircraft?

answer: hilly terrain

text: hilly terrain

question: What highway connecting Kathmandu to elsewhere in Nepal is currently being built?

answer: BP

text: BP

question: In what direction out of Kathmandu does the Prithvi Highway travel?

answer: west

text: west

question: If one wished to travel north out of Kathmandu, what highway would be used?

answer: Araniko

text: Araniko


text: Global agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, give "sovereign national rights over biological resources" (not property). The agreements commit countries to "conserve biodiversity", "develop resources for sustainability" and "share the benefits" resulting from their use. Biodiverse countries that allow bioprospecting or collection of natural products, expect a share of the benefits rather than allowing the individual or institution that discovers/exploits the resource to capture them privately. Bioprospecting can become a type of biopiracy when such principles are not respected.[citation needed]

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Global

text: agreements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: Biological

text: Diversity

text: give

text: sovereign

text: national

text: rights

text: over

text: biological

text: resources

text: not

text: property

text: The

text: agreements

text: commit

text: countries

text: to

text: conserve

text: biodiversity

text: develop

text: resources

text: for

text: sustainability

text: and

text: share

text: the

text: benefits

text: resulting

text: from

text: their

text: use

text: Biodiverse

text: countries

text: that

text: allow

text: bioprospecting

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: natural

text: products

text: expect

text: a

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: benefits

text: rather

text: than

text: allowing

text: the

text: individual

text: or

text: institution

text: that

text: discovers

text: exploits

text: the

text: resource

text: to

text: capture

text: them

text: privately

text: Bioprospecting

text: can

text: become

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: biopiracy

text: when

text: such

text: principles

text: are

text: not

text: respected.[citation

text: needed

question: What global agreement gives sovereign national rights over biological resources?

answer: the Convention on Biological Diversity

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What agreement commits countries to conserve biodiversity?

answer: the Convention on Biological Diversity

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What agreement commits countries to develop resources for sustainability?

answer: the Convention on Biological Diversity

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What is the process of collecting natural products?

answer: bioprospecting

text: bioprospecting

question: What global agreement gives sovereign national rights over private resources?

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What agreement commits countries to conserve bioprospecting?

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What agreement commits countries to develop resources for biopiracy?

text: the Convention on Biological Diversity

question: What is the process of collecting national rights?

text: Bioprospecting

question: What do countries that allow natural agreements expect?

text: a share of the benefits


text: New Delhi (i/ˌnjuː ˈdɛli/) is a municipality and district in Delhi which serves as the capital and seat of government of India. In addition, it also serves as the seat of Government of Delhi.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: New

text: Delhi

text: i/ˌnjuː

text: ˈdɛli/

text: is

text: a

text: municipality

text: and

text: district

text: in

text: Delhi

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: India

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: also

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Government

text: of

text: Delhi

question: In what territory is New Delhi located?

answer: Delhi

text: Delhi

question: What municipality serves as the capital of India?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: For what territory does New Delhi serve as the seat of Government?

answer: Delhi

text: Delhi

question: What municipality serves as the seat of Government for India?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi

question: What municipality serves as the seat of government of Delhi?

answer: New Delhi

text: New Delhi


text: As with the spoken languages, the ethnic group composition also remains a point of debate, mainly regarding the largest and second largest ethnic groups, the Persians and Azerbaijanis, due to the lack of Iranian state censuses based on ethnicity. The CIA's World Factbook has estimated that around 79% of the population of Iran are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group that comprise the speakers of Iranian languages, with Persians constituting 53% of the population, Gilaks and Mazanderanis 7%, Kurds 10%, Lurs 6%, and Balochs 2%. Peoples of the other ethnicities in Iran make up the remaining 22%, with Azerbaijanis constituting 16%, Arabs 2%, Turkmens and Turkic tribes 2%, and others 2% (such as Armenians, Talysh, Georgians, Circassians, Assyrians).

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: As

text: with

text: the

text: spoken

text: languages

text: the

text: ethnic

text: group

text: composition

text: also

text: remains

text: a

text: point

text: of

text: debate

text: mainly

text: regarding

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: the

text: Persians

text: and

text: Azerbaijanis

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: Iranian

text: state

text: censuses

text: based

text: on

text: ethnicity

text: The

text: CIA

text: 's

text: World

text: Factbook

text: has

text: estimated

text: that

text: around

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Iran

text: are

text: a

text: diverse

text: Indo

text: European

text: ethno

text: linguistic

text: group

text: that

text: comprise

text: the

text: speakers

text: of

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: with

text: Persians

text: constituting

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Gilaks

text: and

text: Mazanderanis

text: Kurds

text: Lurs

text: and

text: Balochs

text: Peoples

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: ethnicities

text: in

text: Iran

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: remaining

text: with

text: Azerbaijanis

text: constituting

text: Arabs

text: Turkmens

text: and

text: Turkic

text: tribes

text: and

text: others

text: such

text: as

text: Armenians

text: Talysh

text: Georgians

text: Circassians

text: Assyrians

question: What is Iran's presumed largest ethnic group?

answer: Persians

text: Persians

question: What is Iran's presumed 2nd largest ethnic group?

answer: Azerbaijanis

text: Azerbaijanis

question: Persians make up what percentage of Iran's population?

answer: 53%

question: Ethnic minorities such as Azerbaijanis make up what percentage of Iran's population?

answer: 22%

question: What percentage of Iran speaks any type of Iranian language?

answer: 79%


text: Under the provisions of the 1833 India Act, control of Saint Helena was passed from the East India Company to the British Crown, becoming a crown colony. Subsequent administrative cost-cutting triggered the start of a long-term population decline whereby those who could afford to do so tended to leave the island for better opportunities elsewhere. The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steam ships not reliant on trade winds, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional South Atlantic shipping lanes to a route via the Red Sea (which, prior to the building of the Suez Canal, involved a short overland section). These factors contributed to a decline in the number of ships calling at the island from 1,100 in 1855 to only 288 in 1889.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Under

text: the

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: India

text: Act

text: control

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: was

text: passed

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: becoming

text: a

text: crown

text: colony

text: Subsequent

text: administrative

text: cost

text: cutting

text: triggered

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: population

text: decline

text: whereby

text: those

text: who

text: could

text: afford

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: tended

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: island

text: for

text: better

text: opportunities

text: elsewhere

text: The

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: saw

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: steam

text: ships

text: not

text: reliant

text: on

text: trade

text: winds

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: diversion

text: of

text: Far

text: East

text: trade

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: traditional

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: shipping

text: lanes

text: to

text: a

text: route

text: via

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: which

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: involved

text: a

text: short

text: overland

text: section

text: These

text: factors

text: contributed

text: to

text: a

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: ships

text: calling

text: at

text: the

text: island

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: only

text: in

question: What act gave control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?

answer: 1833 India Act

text: 1833 India Act

question: Who turned over control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?

answer: East India Company

text: East India Company

question: During the latter half of the 19th century what ships became prevalent that weren't dependent on trade winds?

answer: steam ships

text: steam ships

question: How many ships were going to the island in 1855?

answer: 1,100

question: By 1889 how many ships were going to the island?

answer: 288


text: From around 750, during the Abbasid Caliphate, women “became renowned for their brains as well as their beauty”. In particular, many well known women of the time were trained from childhood in music, dancing and poetry. Mahbuba was one of these. Another feminine figure to be remembered for her achievements was Tawaddud, "a slave girl who was said to have been bought at great cost by Hārūn al-Rashīd because she had passed her examinations by the most eminent scholars in astronomy, medicine, law, philosophy, music, history, Arabic grammar, literature, theology and chess". Moreover, among the most prominent feminine figures was Shuhda who was known as "the Scholar" or "the Pride of Women" during the 12th century in Baghdad. Despite the recognition of women's aptitudes during the Abbasid dynasty, all these came to an end in Iraq with the sack of Baghdad in 1258.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: From

text: around

text: during

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: Caliphate

text: women

text: became

text: renowned

text: for

text: their

text: brains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: beauty

text: In

text: particular

text: many

text: well

text: known

text: women

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: were

text: trained

text: from

text: childhood

text: in

text: music

text: dancing

text: and

text: poetry

text: Mahbuba

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: Another

text: feminine

text: figure

text: to

text: be

text: remembered

text: for

text: her

text: achievements

text: was

text: Tawaddud

text: a

text: slave

text: girl

text: who

text: was

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: bought

text: at

text: great

text: cost

text: by

text: Hārūn

text: al

text: Rashīd

text: because

text: she

text: had

text: passed

text: her

text: examinations

text: by

text: the

text: most

text: eminent

text: scholars

text: in

text: astronomy

text: medicine

text: law

text: philosophy

text: music

text: history

text: Arabic

text: grammar

text: literature

text: theology

text: and

text: chess

text: Moreover

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: feminine

text: figures

text: was

text: Shuhda

text: who

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Scholar

text: or

text: the

text: Pride

text: of

text: Women

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Baghdad

text: Despite

text: the

text: recognition

text: of

text: women

text: 's

text: aptitudes

text: during

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: dynasty

text: all

text: these

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: in

text: Iraq

text: with

text: the

text: sack

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: in

question: What disciplines were women trained in during the first century?

answer: music, dancing and poetry

text: music, dancing and poetry

question: Who was the most well known female scholar in Islamic schools?

answer: Shuhda

text: Shuhda

question: Where did Shuhda attend school?

answer: Baghdad

text: Baghdad

question: When was formal education for Islamic women halted?

answer: 1258

question: During which Caliphate did Islamic women begin attending formal school?

answer: Abbasid

text: Abbasid

question: What disciplines were women trained in during the second century?

text: music, dancing and poetry

question: Who was the least well known female scholar in Islamic schools?

text: Shuhda

question: Where did Shuhda work?

text: Baghdad

question: When was formal education for Islamic women encouraged?

question: During which Caliphate did Islamic women stop going to formal school?

text: Abbasid


text: Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic” (Elliott 1970).

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wood

text: density

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: multiple

text: growth

text: and

text: physiological

text: factors

text: compounded

text: into

text: one

text: fairly

text: easily

text: measured

text: wood

text: characteristic

text: Elliott

question: Along with growth, what kind of factors determine the density of wood?

answer: physiological

text: physiological

question: Into how many characteristics are the factors of wood combined?

answer: one

text: one

question: What author called wood's density "fairly easily measured"?

answer: Elliott

text: Elliott


text: The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger "Main Building" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: first

text: degrees

text: from

text: the

text: college

text: were

text: awarded

text: in

text: The

text: university

text: was

text: expanded

text: with

text: new

text: buildings

text: to

text: accommodate

text: more

text: students

text: and

text: faculty

text: With

text: each

text: new

text: president

text: new

text: academic

text: programs

text: were

text: offered

text: and

text: new

text: buildings

text: built

text: to

text: accommodate

text: them

text: The

text: original

text: Main

text: Building

text: built

text: by

text: Sorin

text: just

text: after

text: he

text: arrived

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: larger

text: Main

text: Building

text: in

text: which

text: housed

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: administration

text: classrooms

text: and

text: dormitories

text: Beginning

text: in

text: a

text: library

text: collection

text: was

text: started

text: by

text: Father

text: Lemonnier

text: By

text: it

text: had

text: grown

text: to

text: ten

text: thousand

text: volumes

text: that

text: were

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: Main

text: Building

question: In what year did the initial degrees get handed out at Notre Dame?

answer: 1849

question: In what year did the original Sorin built Main Building get replaced?

answer: 1865

question: Which individual began a library at Notre Dame?

answer: Father Lemonnier

text: Father Lemonnier

question: In what year had the library at Notre Dame reach 10,000 books?

answer: 1879

question: In what year was the library at Notre Dame started?

answer: 1873


text: Likewise, group theory helps predict the changes in physical properties that occur when a material undergoes a phase transition, for example, from a cubic to a tetrahedral crystalline form. An example is ferroelectric materials, where the change from a paraelectric to a ferroelectric state occurs at the Curie temperature and is related to a change from the high-symmetry paraelectric state to the lower symmetry ferroelectic state, accompanied by a so-called soft phonon mode, a vibrational lattice mode that goes to zero frequency at the transition.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: Likewise

text: group

text: theory

text: helps

text: predict

text: the

text: changes

text: in

text: physical

text: properties

text: that

text: occur

text: when

text: a

text: material

text: undergoes

text: a

text: phase

text: transition

text: for

text: example

text: from

text: a

text: cubic

text: to

text: a

text: tetrahedral

text: crystalline

text: form

text: An

text: example

text: is

text: ferroelectric

text: materials

text: where

text: the

text: change

text: from

text: a

text: paraelectric

text: to

text: a

text: ferroelectric

text: state

text: occurs

text: at

text: the

text: Curie

text: temperature

text: and

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: a

text: change

text: from

text: the

text: high

text: symmetry

text: paraelectric

text: state

text: to

text: the

text: lower

text: symmetry

text: ferroelectic

text: state

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: so

text: called

text: soft

text: phonon

text: mode

text: a

text: vibrational

text: lattice

text: mode

text: that

text: goes

text: to

text: zero

text: frequency

text: at

text: the

text: transition

question: What aids in predicting changes of physical traits?

answer: group theory

text: group theory

question: What stage of a physical transformation can group theory be used to make prediction?

answer: phase transition

text: phase transition

question: What temperature causes the change of ferroelectric materials?

answer: Curie temperature

text: Curie temperature

question: What term describes the vibrational lattice mode that turns to 0 frequency at the change?

answer: soft phonon mode

text: soft phonon mode

question: What predicts the changes in group theory?

text: physical properties

question: Which stage can physical properties be used to make predictions about group theory?

text: a phase transition

question: What temperature causes a change from ferroelectric to paraelectric?

text: Curie temperature

question: What is the frequency of a paraelectric state before transition?

text: zero

question: What is the name of the mode that moves material from a low-symmetry state to a high one?

text: soft phonon mode


text: Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Many

text: people

text: from

text: Strasbourg

text: were

text: incorporated

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Army

text: against

text: their

text: will

text: and

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: the

text: eastern

text: front

text: those

text: young

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: were

text: called

text: Malgré

text: nous

text: Many

text: tried

text: to

text: escape

text: from

text: the

text: incorporation

text: join

text: the

text: French

text: Resistance

text: or

text: desert

text: the

text: Wehrmacht

text: but

text: many

text: could

text: n't

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: running

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: having

text: their

text: families

text: sent

text: to

text: work

text: or

text: concentration

text: camps

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: men

text: especially

text: those

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: answer

text: the

text: call

text: immediately

text: were

text: pressured

text: to

text: volunteer

text: for

text: service

text: with

text: the

text: SS

text: often

text: by

text: direct

text: threats

text: on

text: their

text: families

text: This

text: threat

text: obliged

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: them

text: to

text: remain

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: army

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: few

text: that

text: survived

text: were

text: often

text: accused

text: of

text: being

text: traitors

text: or

text: collaborationists

text: because

text: this

text: tough

text: situation

text: was

text: not

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: they

text: had

text: to

text: face

text: the

text: incomprehension

text: of

text: many

text: In

text: July

text: malgré

text: nous

text: were

text: released

text: from

text: Soviet

text: captivity

text: and

text: sent

text: to

text: Algiers

text: where

text: they

text: joined

text: the

text: Free

text: French

text: Forces

text: Nowadays

text: history

text: recognizes

text: the

text: suffering

text: of

text: those

text: people

text: and

text: museums

text: public

text: discussions

text: and

text: memorials

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: to

text: commemorate

text: this

text: terrible

text: period

text: of

text: history

text: of

text: this

text: part

text: of

text: Eastern

text: France

text: Alsace

text: and

text: Moselle

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: November

question: What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called?

answer: Malgré-nous

text: Malgré-nous

question: Who sent deserters families to concentration camps?

answer: Germans

text: Germans

question: Where were the freed soviet captives sent?

answer: Algiers

text: Algiers

question: When did the liberation of Strasbourg take place?

answer: 23 November 1944

text: 23 November 1944

question: On what date was Strasbourg taken by the Germans?

text: 23 November 1944

question: In what year were the Free French Forces established?

question: How many Malgre-nous were forced to join the German forces?

question: In what year were the first memorials for Malgre-nous built?

question: How many Malgre-nous were able to desert the Wehrmacht?


text: Mass production of glass window panes in the early twentieth century caused a similar effect. In glass factories, molten glass was poured onto a large cooling table and allowed to spread. The resulting glass is thicker at the location of the pour, located at the center of the large sheet. These sheets were cut into smaller window panes with nonuniform thickness, typically with the location of the pour centered in one of the panes (known as "bull's-eyes") for decorative effect. Modern glass intended for windows is produced as float glass and is very uniform in thickness.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Mass

text: production

text: of

text: glass

text: window

text: panes

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: twentieth

text: century

text: caused

text: a

text: similar

text: effect

text: In

text: glass

text: factories

text: molten

text: glass

text: was

text: poured

text: onto

text: a

text: large

text: cooling

text: table

text: and

text: allowed

text: to

text: spread

text: The

text: resulting

text: glass

text: is

text: thicker

text: at

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: pour

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: sheet

text: These

text: sheets

text: were

text: cut

text: into

text: smaller

text: window

text: panes

text: with

text: nonuniform

text: thickness

text: typically

text: with

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: pour

text: centered

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: panes

text: known

text: as

text: bull's

text: eyes

text: for

text: decorative

text: effect

text: Modern

text: glass

text: intended

text: for

text: windows

text: is

text: produced

text: as

text: float

text: glass

text: and

text: is

text: very

text: uniform

text: in

text: thickness

question: What were the areas at the center of an old sheet of glass called?

answer: bull's-eyes

text: bull's-eyes

question: In early 20th century glass production, the glass was thickest at what part of the sheet?

answer: the center

text: the center

question: Currently window glass is made as what?

answer: float glass

text: float glass

question: How was the bull's-eye used?

answer: for decorative effect

text: for decorative effect

question: What were the areas at the center of window panes called?

text: bull's-eyes

question: In early 20th century glass production, the glass was poured at what part of the sheet?

text: center

question: Currently large sheets are made as what?

text: float glass

question: How was the table used?

text: decorative effect

question: What was poured onto a large window pane?

text: molten glass


text: The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped The Sun to overtake the Daily Mirror's circulation in 1978. Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s – the so-called "Spanish practices" of the print unions – The Sun was very profitable, enabling Murdoch to expand his operations to the United States from 1973.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: The

text: editor

text: Larry

text: Lamb

text: was

text: originally

text: from

text: a

text: Labour

text: background

text: with

text: a

text: socialist

text: upbringing

text: while

text: his

text: temporary

text: replacement

text: Bernard

text: Shrimsley

text: was

text: a

text: middle

text: class

text: uncommitted

text: Conservative

text: An

text: extensive

text: advertising

text: campaign

text: on

text: the

text: ITV

text: network

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: voiced

text: by

text: actor

text: Christopher

text: Timothy

text: may

text: have

text: helped

text: The

text: Sun

text: to

text: overtake

text: the

text: Daily

text: Mirror

text: 's

text: circulation

text: in

text: Despite

text: the

text: industrial

text: relations

text: of

text: the

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Spanish

text: practices

text: of

text: the

text: print

text: unions

text: The

text: Sun

text: was

text: very

text: profitable

text: enabling

text: Murdoch

text: to

text: expand

text: his

text: operations

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

question: Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb?

answer: Bernard Shrimsley

text: Bernard Shrimsley

question: What was Shrimsley's political background?

answer: middle-class uncommitted Conservative.

text: middle-class uncommitted Conservative.

question: Who lent his voice to a campaign that aided The Sun in passing the Daily Mirror in 1978?

answer: Christopher Timothy

text: Christopher Timothy

question: Where did Murdoch begin expanding?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: When did Murdoch begin expanding into the U.S?

answer: 1973


text: Historically, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect Microsoft Windows users. Mac OS X has a smaller usage share compared to Microsoft Windows (roughly 5% and 92%, respectively), but it also has traditionally more secure UNIX roots. Worms, as well as potential vulnerabilities, were noted in February 2006, which led some industry analysts and anti-virus companies to issue warnings that Apple's Mac OS X is not immune to malware. Increasing market share coincided with additional reports of a variety of attacks. Apple releases security updates for its software. In early 2011, Mac OS X experienced a large increase in malware attacks, and malware such as Mac Defender, MacProtector, and MacGuard were seen as an increasing problem for Mac users. At first, the malware installer required the user to enter the administrative password, but later versions were able to install without user input. Initially, Apple support staff were instructed not to assist in the removal of the malware or admit the existence of the malware issue, but as the malware spread, a support document was issued. Apple announced an OS X update to fix the problem. An estimated 100,000 users were affected.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Historically

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: near

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: types

text: of

text: malware

text: and

text: spyware

text: that

text: affect

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: users

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: has

text: a

text: smaller

text: usage

text: share

text: compared

text: to

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: roughly

text: and

text: respectively

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: has

text: traditionally

text: more

text: secure

text: UNIX

text: roots

text: Worms

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: potential

text: vulnerabilities

text: were

text: noted

text: in

text: February

text: which

text: led

text: some

text: industry

text: analysts

text: and

text: anti

text: virus

text: companies

text: to

text: issue

text: warnings

text: that

text: Apple

text: 's

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: is

text: not

text: immune

text: to

text: malware

text: Increasing

text: market

text: share

text: coincided

text: with

text: additional

text: reports

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: attacks

text: Apple

text: releases

text: security

text: updates

text: for

text: its

text: software

text: In

text: early

text: Mac

text: OS

text: X

text: experienced

text: a

text: large

text: increase

text: in

text: malware

text: attacks

text: and

text: malware

text: such

text: as

text: Mac

text: Defender

text: MacProtector

text: and

text: MacGuard

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: an

text: increasing

text: problem

text: for

text: Mac

text: users

text: At

text: first

text: the

text: malware

text: installer

text: required

text: the

text: user

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: administrative

text: password

text: but

text: later

text: versions

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: install

text: without

text: user

text: input

text: Initially

text: Apple

text: support

text: staff

text: were

text: instructed

text: not

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: malware

text: or

text: admit

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: malware

text: issue

text: but

text: as

text: the

text: malware

text: spread

text: a

text: support

text: document

text: was

text: issued

text: Apple

text: announced

text: an

text: OS

text: X

text: update

text: to

text: fix

text: the

text: problem

text: An

text: estimated

text: users

text: were

text: affected

question: Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS X compared to Microsoft Windows?

answer: malware and spyware

text: malware and spyware

question: When did Mac OS X experience a large increase in malware attacks?

answer: early 2011

text: early 2011

question: How was Mac's malware seen by many Mac users in 2011?

answer: an increasing problem

text: an increasing problem

question: What were Apple support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?

answer: the removal

text: the removal

question: How many users were affected by the increase in malware?

answer: 100,000

question: Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS XX compared to Microsoft Windows?

text: malware and spyware

question: When did Mac OS X experience a large decrease in malware attacks?

text: early 2011

question: How was Mac's malware seen by many Mac users in 2012?

text: an increasing problem

question: What were Microsoft support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?

text: the removal

question: How many users were affected by the decrease in malware?


text: Later the same month, Barcelona won the UEFA Super Cup after defeating Porto 2–0 thanks to goals from Lionel Messi and Cesc Fàbregas. This extended the club's overall number of official trophies to 74, surpassing Real Madrid's total amount of official trophies. The UEFA Super Cup victory also marked another impressive achievement as Josep Guardiola won his 12th trophy out of 15 possible in only three years at the helm of the club, becoming the all-time record holder of most titles won as a coach at FC Barcelona.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Later

text: the

text: same

text: month

text: Barcelona

text: won

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Super

text: Cup

text: after

text: defeating

text: Porto

text: thanks

text: to

text: goals

text: from

text: Lionel

text: Messi

text: and

text: Cesc

text: Fàbregas

text: This

text: extended

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: overall

text: number

text: of

text: official

text: trophies

text: to

text: surpassing

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: 's

text: total

text: amount

text: of

text: official

text: trophies

text: The

text: UEFA

text: Super

text: Cup

text: victory

text: also

text: marked

text: another

text: impressive

text: achievement

text: as

text: Josep

text: Guardiola

text: won

text: his

text: trophy

text: out

text: of

text: possible

text: in

text: only

text: three

text: years

text: at

text: the

text: helm

text: of

text: the

text: club

text: becoming

text: the

text: all

text: time

text: record

text: holder

text: of

text: most

text: titles

text: won

text: as

text: a

text: coach

text: at

text: FC

text: Barcelona

question: What competition did Barcelona win because of goals by Messi and Fabregas?

answer: UEFA Super Cup

text: UEFA Super Cup

question: Which team did Barcelona beat to win the UEFA Super Cup?

answer: Porto

text: Porto

question: How many total trophies did  Barcelona's Super Cup win produce?

answer: 74

question: What team did Barcelona's total competition wins pass?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid

question: Who is the record holder for most trophy wins as coach of Barcelona?

answer: Josep Guardiola

text: Josep Guardiola


text: In July 1215, with the approbation of Bishop Foulques of Toulouse, Dominic ordered his followers into an institutional life. Its purpose was revolutionary in the pastoral ministry of the Catholic Church. These priests were organized and well trained in religious studies. Dominic needed a framework—a rule—to organize these components. The Rule of St. Augustine was an obvious choice for the Dominican Order, according to Dominic's successor, Jordan of Saxony, because it lent itself to the "salvation of souls through preaching". By this choice, however, the Dominican brothers designated themselves not monks, but canons-regular. They could practice ministry and common life while existing in individual poverty.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: In

text: July

text: with

text: the

text: approbation

text: of

text: Bishop

text: Foulques

text: of

text: Toulouse

text: Dominic

text: ordered

text: his

text: followers

text: into

text: an

text: institutional

text: life

text: Its

text: purpose

text: was

text: revolutionary

text: in

text: the

text: pastoral

text: ministry

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: These

text: priests

text: were

text: organized

text: and

text: well

text: trained

text: in

text: religious

text: studies

text: Dominic

text: needed

text: a

text: framework

text: a

text: rule

text: to

text: organize

text: these

text: components

text: The

text: Rule

text: of

text: St.

text: Augustine

text: was

text: an

text: obvious

text: choice

text: for

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Order

text: according

text: to

text: Dominic

text: 's

text: successor

text: Jordan

text: of

text: Saxony

text: because

text: it

text: lent

text: itself

text: to

text: the

text: salvation

text: of

text: souls

text: through

text: preaching

text: By

text: this

text: choice

text: however

text: the

text: Dominican

text: brothers

text: designated

text: themselves

text: not

text: monks

text: but

text: canons

text: regular

text: They

text: could

text: practice

text: ministry

text: and

text: common

text: life

text: while

text: existing

text: in

text: individual

text: poverty

question: What framework did Dominic use in order to build his institution?

answer: Rule of St. Augustine

text: Rule of St. Augustine

question: In what year did Dominic order his followers into an institutional life?

answer: 1215

question: Who was the successor to Dominic?

answer: Jordan of Saxony

text: Jordan of Saxony

question: What did the Rule of St. Augustine believe in?

answer: the "salvation of souls through preaching"

text: the "salvation of souls through preaching"

question: What were the Dominican Brothers?

answer: canons-regular

text: canons-regular

question: What framework did Dominic not use in order to stifle his institution?

text: Rule of St. Augustine

question: What year did Diego order his followers into an institutional life?

question: What did the Rule of St. Augustine not believe in?

question: What were the Dominican Brothers not?

text: canons-regular

question: Who could not practice ministry and common life while existing in poverty?

text: Dominican brothers


text: Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the 15th-century Ars moriendi and block books, Michelangelo's The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, and William Hogarth's 17th-century sequential engravings, amongst others.[b]

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Outside

text: of

text: these

text: genealogies

text: comics

text: theorists

text: and

text: historians

text: have

text: seen

text: precedents

text: for

text: comics

text: in

text: the

text: Lascaux

text: cave

text: paintings

text: in

text: France

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: chronological

text: sequences

text: of

text: images

text: Egyptian

text: hieroglyphs

text: Trajan

text: 's

text: Column

text: in

text: Rome

text: the

text: century

text: Norman

text: Bayeux

text: Tapestry

text: the

text: bois

text: Protat

text: woodcut

text: the

text: century

text: Ars

text: moriendi

text: and

text: block

text: books

text: Michelangelo

text: 's

text: The

text: Last

text: Judgment

text: in

text: the

text: Sistine

text: Chapel

text: and

text: William

text: Hogarth

text: 's

text: century

text: sequential

text: engravings

text: amongst

text: others.[b

question: In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics?

answer: Lascaux cave paintings

text: Lascaux cave paintings

question: What Michelangelo work do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?

answer: The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel

text: The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel

question: In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics?

answer: hieroglyphs

text: hieroglyphs

question: In Rome, what do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?

answer: Trajan's Column

text: Trajan's Column

question: In France, what did historians find that they consider a irrelevant for comics?

text: Lascaux cave paintings

question: What Michelangelo work do historians consider to be irrelevant for comics?

text: The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel

question: What Donatello work do historians consider to be a precedent for comics?

text: The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel

question: In Egypt, historians consider what to be irrelevant for comics?

text: hieroglyphs

question: In Rome, what do scientists consider to be a precedent for comics?

text: Trajan's Column


text: Drama is literature intended for performance. The form is often combined with music and dance, as in opera and musical theatre. A play is a subset of this form, referring to the written dramatic work of a playwright that is intended for performance in a theatre; it comprises chiefly dialogue between characters, and usually aims at dramatic or theatrical performance rather than at reading. A closet drama, by contrast, refers to a play written to be read rather than to be performed; hence, it is intended that the meaning of such a work can be realized fully on the page. Nearly all drama took verse form until comparatively recently.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: Drama

text: is

text: literature

text: intended

text: for

text: performance

text: The

text: form

text: is

text: often

text: combined

text: with

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: as

text: in

text: opera

text: and

text: musical

text: theatre

text: A

text: play

text: is

text: a

text: subset

text: of

text: this

text: form

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: written

text: dramatic

text: work

text: of

text: a

text: playwright

text: that

text: is

text: intended

text: for

text: performance

text: in

text: a

text: theatre

text: it

text: comprises

text: chiefly

text: dialogue

text: between

text: characters

text: and

text: usually

text: aims

text: at

text: dramatic

text: or

text: theatrical

text: performance

text: rather

text: than

text: at

text: reading

text: A

text: closet

text: drama

text: by

text: contrast

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: play

text: written

text: to

text: be

text: read

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: be

text: performed

text: hence

text: it

text: is

text: intended

text: that

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: work

text: can

text: be

text: realized

text: fully

text: on

text: the

text: page

text: Nearly

text: all

text: drama

text: took

text: verse

text: form

text: until

text: comparatively

text: recently

question: Literature intended for performance is what?

answer: Drama

text: Drama

question: Drama is sometimes blended with what other elements?

answer: music and dance

text: music and dance

question: What are two types of drama that incorporate music or dance?

answer: opera and musical theatre

text: opera and musical theatre

question: Drama meant to be performed in a theater is what?

answer: A play

text: A play

question: What do we call the author of a play?

answer: a playwright

text: a playwright

question: Drama is literature that is not intended for what?

text: performance

question: Poetry is often combined with music and dance, as in what two things?

text: opera and musical theatre

question: Nearly all drama took prose form until what general time frame?

text: comparatively recently.

question: What is comprised chiefly of dialogue between two characters?

text: A play

question: A closet drama refers to a a play written to be sang instead of what?

text: performed

question: What is literature not intended for performance?

text: Drama

question: What is the oral dramatic work of a playwright called?

text: A play

question: What does a closest drama refer to?

question: Until when did very little drama take verse form?

text: comparatively recently

question: What forms of drama combine with music and motion?

text: opera and musical theatre

question: Until when did all musical theater take verse form?

text: comparatively recently

question: What is the composer of an opera called?

text: playwright

question: What is a closet drama a subset of?

text: Drama


text: An early formal system of temporal logic was studied by Avicenna. Although he did not develop a real theory of temporal propositions, he did study the relationship between temporalis and the implication. Avicenna's work was further developed by Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī and became the dominant system of Islamic logic until modern times. Avicennian logic also influenced several early European logicians such as Albertus Magnus and William of Ockham. Avicenna endorsed the law of noncontradiction proposed by Aristotle, that a fact could not be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense of the terminology used. He stated, "Anyone who denies the law of noncontradiction should be beaten and burned until he admits that to be beaten is not the same as not to be beaten, and to be burned is not the same as not to be burned."

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: An

text: early

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: temporal

text: logic

text: was

text: studied

text: by

text: Avicenna

text: Although

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: develop

text: a

text: real

text: theory

text: of

text: temporal

text: propositions

text: he

text: did

text: study

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: temporalis

text: and

text: the

text: implication

text: Avicenna

text: 's

text: work

text: was

text: further

text: developed

text: by

text: Najm

text: al

text: Dīn

text: al

text: Qazwīnī

text: al

text: Kātibī

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: dominant

text: system

text: of

text: Islamic

text: logic

text: until

text: modern

text: times

text: Avicennian

text: logic

text: also

text: influenced

text: several

text: early

text: European

text: logicians

text: such

text: as

text: Albertus

text: Magnus

text: and

text: William

text: of

text: Ockham

text: Avicenna

text: endorsed

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: noncontradiction

text: proposed

text: by

text: Aristotle

text: that

text: a

text: fact

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: both

text: true

text: and

text: false

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: sense

text: of

text: the

text: terminology

text: used

text: He

text: stated

text: Anyone

text: who

text: denies

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: noncontradiction

text: should

text: be

text: beaten

text: and

text: burned

text: until

text: he

text: admits

text: that

text: to

text: be

text: beaten

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: beaten

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: burned

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: burned

question: What was a subject that Avicenna studied, but did not develop a theory on?

answer: temporal logic

text: temporal logic

question: Who expanded on Avicenna's work in temporal logic?

answer: Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī

text: Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī

question: What became the dominant system of Islamic logic?

answer: Avicennian logic

text: Avicennian logic

question: What European logician was greatly influenced by Avicenna?

answer: Albertus Magnus

text: Albertus Magnus

question: Whose law of noncontradiction did Avicenna endorse?

answer: Aristotle

text: Aristotle

question: who studied and developed theories on temporal logic?

text: Avicenna

question: Who's system of logic did Avicenna further develop?

text: Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī

question: Who's system of logic is dominant in modern times?

text: Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī

question: What European logicians did Avicennian logic borrow from?

text: Albertus Magnus and William of Ockham.

question: Whorefuted the law of noncontradiction?

text: Avicenna

question: What was a subject that Avicenna studied, and developed a theory on?

text: temporal logic

question: Who expanded on Avicenna's work in permanent logic?

text: Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī

question: What became the nondominant system of Islamic logic?

text: Avicennian logic

question: What European magician was greatly influenced by Avicenna?

text: Albertus Magnus

question: Whose law of contradiction did Avicenna endorse?

text: Aristotle