text: Some regions beyond the Ottoman Porte were included. One was North Africa west of Egypt. It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto independent since the 18th century. Formerly part of the empire at its apogee. Iran was included because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia. In the 1890s the term tended to focus on the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia. The demise of the sick man of Europe left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East". It is now generally used only in historical contexts, to describe the countries of Western Asia from the Mediterranean to (or including) Iran. There is, in short, no universally understood fixed inventory of nations, languages or historical assets defined to be in it.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Some

text: regions

text: beyond

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Porte

text: were

text: included

text: One

text: was

text: North

text: Africa

text: west

text: of

text: Egypt

text: It

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: piratical

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: the

text: Barbary

text: Coast

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: Formerly

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: at

text: its

text: apogee

text: Iran

text: was

text: included

text: because

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: easily

text: be

text: reached

text: except

text: through

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: or

text: neighboring

text: Russia

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: term

text: tended

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: conflicts

text: in

text: the

text: Balkan

text: states

text: and

text: Armenia

text: The

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: sick

text: man

text: of

text: Europe

text: left

text: considerable

text: confusion

text: as

text: to

text: what

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: meant

text: by

text: Near

text: East

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: generally

text: used

text: only

text: in

text: historical

text: contexts

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Western

text: Asia

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: to

text: or

text: including

text: Iran

text: There

text: is

text: in

text: short

text: no

text: universally

text: understood

text: fixed

text: inventory

text: of

text: nations

text: languages

text: or

text: historical

text: assets

text: defined

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: it

question: What was one region included that was occupied by piratical kingdoms?

answer: North Africa west of Egypt

text: North Africa west of Egypt

question: Where were the piratical kingdoms from?

answer: Barbary Coast

text: Barbary Coast

question: Why was Iran included in the collection of regions?

answer: because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia

text: because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia

question: What did the term Near East focus on in the 1890s?

answer: the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia

text: the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia

question: The demise of what left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East"

answer: of the sick man of Europe

text: of the sick man of Europe


text: The first aircraft, a South African Beechcraft King Air 200, landed at the new airport on 15 September 2015, prior to conducting a series of flights to calibrate the airport's radio navigation equipment.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: first

text: aircraft

text: a

text: South

text: African

text: Beechcraft

text: King

text: Air

text: landed

text: at

text: the

text: new

text: airport

text: on

text: September

text: prior

text: to

text: conducting

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: flights

text: to

text: calibrate

text: the

text: airport

text: 's

text: radio

text: navigation

text: equipment

question: What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport?

answer: South African Beechcraft King Air 200

text: South African Beechcraft King Air 200

question: What date did the aircraft land at the new airport?

answer: 15 September 2015

text: 15 September 2015

question: What are they calibrating via test flights at the airport?

answer: the airport's radio navigation equipment.

text: the airport's radio navigation equipment.


text: During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops,. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Around 1870, the Valencian Renaissance, a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions, began to gain ascendancy. In its early stages the movement inclined to the romanticism of the poet Teodor Llorente, and resisted the more assertive remonstrances of Constantine Llombart, founder of the still extant cultural society, Lo Rat Penat, which is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of the Valencian language and culture.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: During

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: bourgeoisie

text: encouraged

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: environs

text: land

text: owners

text: were

text: enriched

text: by

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: orange

text: crop

text: and

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: vineyards

text: and

text: other

text: crops

text: This

text: economic

text: boom

text: corresponded

text: with

text: a

text: revival

text: of

text: local

text: traditions

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Valencian

text: language

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: ruthlessly

text: suppressed

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Philip

text: V.

text: Around

text: the

text: Valencian

text: Renaissance

text: a

text: movement

text: committed

text: to

text: the

text: revival

text: of

text: the

text: Valencian

text: language

text: and

text: traditions

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: ascendancy

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: stages

text: the

text: movement

text: inclined

text: to

text: the

text: romanticism

text: of

text: the

text: poet

text: Teodor

text: Llorente

text: and

text: resisted

text: the

text: more

text: assertive

text: remonstrances

text: of

text: Constantine

text: Llombart

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: still

text: extant

text: cultural

text: society

text: Lo

text: Rat

text: Penat

text: which

text: is

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: promotion

text: and

text: dissemination

text: of

text: the

text: Valencian

text: language

text: and

text: culture

question: Who had suppressed the Valencian language?

answer: Philip V

text: Philip V

question: What group still exists and promotes Valencian culture?

answer: Lo Rat Penat

text: Lo Rat Penat

question: Who founded Lo Rat Penat?

answer: Constantine Llombart

text: Constantine Llombart

question: What poet was an early influence on the Valencian Renaissance?

answer: Teodor Llorente

text: Teodor Llorente

question: Who got rich from the Valencian orange crop and vineyards?

answer: land-owners

text: land-owners


text: In 1955, the diaries of Napoleon's valet, Louis Marchand, were published. His description of Napoleon in the months before his death led Sten Forshufvud in a 1961 paper in Nature to put forward other causes for his death, including deliberate arsenic poisoning. Arsenic was used as a poison during the era because it was undetectable when administered over a long period. Forshufvud, in a 1978 book with Ben Weider, noted that Napoleon's body was found to be remarkably well preserved when moved in 1840. Arsenic is a strong preservative, and therefore this supported the poisoning hypothesis. Forshufvud and Weider observed that Napoleon had attempted to quench abnormal thirst by drinking large amounts of orgeat syrup that contained cyanide compounds in the almonds used for flavouring.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: In

text: the

text: diaries

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: valet

text: Louis

text: Marchand

text: were

text: published

text: His

text: description

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: in

text: the

text: months

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: led

text: Sten

text: Forshufvud

text: in

text: a

text: paper

text: in

text: Nature

text: to

text: put

text: forward

text: other

text: causes

text: for

text: his

text: death

text: including

text: deliberate

text: arsenic

text: poisoning

text: Arsenic

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: poison

text: during

text: the

text: era

text: because

text: it

text: was

text: undetectable

text: when

text: administered

text: over

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: Forshufvud

text: in

text: a

text: book

text: with

text: Ben

text: Weider

text: noted

text: that

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: body

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: remarkably

text: well

text: preserved

text: when

text: moved

text: in

text: Arsenic

text: is

text: a

text: strong

text: preservative

text: and

text: therefore

text: this

text: supported

text: the

text: poisoning

text: hypothesis

text: Forshufvud

text: and

text: Weider

text: observed

text: that

text: Napoleon

text: had

text: attempted

text: to

text: quench

text: abnormal

text: thirst

text: by

text: drinking

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: orgeat

text: syrup

text: that

text: contained

text: cyanide

text: compounds

text: in

text: the

text: almonds

text: used

text: for

text: flavouring

question: When were the diaries of Napoleon's valet published?

answer: 1955

question: What was the name of Napoleon's valet?

answer: Louis Marchand

text: Louis Marchand

question: What was the possible cause for Napoleon's death suggested in a 1961 Nature paper?

answer: arsenic poisoning

text: arsenic poisoning

question: In 1961, who suggested the possibility that Napoleon died from ingestion of arsenic?

answer: Sten Forshufvud

text: Sten Forshufvud

question: What condition was Napoleon's body in when it was moved in 1840?

answer: well preserved

text: well preserved


text: Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, alcohol is not served, nothing that died on its own is eaten, and no blood is incorporated.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somali

text: cuisine

text: varies

text: from

text: region

text: to

text: region

text: and

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: fusion

text: of

text: diverse

text: culinary

text: influences

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: Somalia

text: 's

text: rich

text: tradition

text: of

text: trade

text: and

text: commerce

text: Despite

text: the

text: variety

text: there

text: remains

text: one

text: thing

text: that

text: unites

text: the

text: various

text: regional

text: cuisines

text: all

text: food

text: is

text: served

text: halal

text: There

text: are

text: therefore

text: no

text: pork

text: dishes

text: alcohol

text: is

text: not

text: served

text: nothing

text: that

text: died

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: is

text: eaten

text: and

text: no

text: blood

text: is

text: incorporated

question: What is the one culinary tradition that is present among all Somali regional cuisines?

answer: all food is served halal

text: all food is served halal

question: What type of meat is never present in halal dishes?

answer: pork

text: pork

question: What beverage is not halal?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol

question: Along with alcohol, what liquid is never present in halal food?

answer: blood

text: blood


text: The art historian Douglas Cooper states that Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne "were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907". Cooper goes on to say: "The Demoiselles is generally referred to as the first Cubist picture. This is an exaggeration, for although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist. The disruptive, expressionist element in it is even contrary to the spirit of Cubism, which looked at the world in a detached, realistic spirit. Nevertheless, the Demoiselles is the logical picture to take as the starting point for Cubism, because it marks the birth of a new pictorial idiom, because in it Picasso violently overturned established conventions and because all that followed grew out of it."

title: Cubism

title: Cubism

text: The

text: art

text: historian

text: Douglas

text: Cooper

text: states

text: that

text: Paul

text: Gauguin

text: and

text: Paul

text: Cézanne

text: were

text: particularly

text: influential

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: Cubism

text: and

text: especially

text: important

text: to

text: the

text: paintings

text: of

text: Picasso

text: during

text: and

text: Cooper

text: goes

text: on

text: to

text: say

text: The

text: Demoiselles

text: is

text: generally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: Cubist

text: picture

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: exaggeration

text: for

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: first

text: step

text: towards

text: Cubism

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: yet

text: Cubist

text: The

text: disruptive

text: expressionist

text: element

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: even

text: contrary

text: to

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: Cubism

text: which

text: looked

text: at

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: a

text: detached

text: realistic

text: spirit

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: Demoiselles

text: is

text: the

text: logical

text: picture

text: to

text: take

text: as

text: the

text: starting

text: point

text: for

text: Cubism

text: because

text: it

text: marks

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: pictorial

text: idiom

text: because

text: in

text: it

text: Picasso

text: violently

text: overturned

text: established

text: conventions

text: and

text: because

text: all

text: that

text: followed

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: it

question: Which two artists did Douglass Cooper say were very important to the forming of Cubism?

answer: Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne

text: Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne

question: What does Cooper say is the first  Cubist picture?

answer: The Demoiselles

text: The Demoiselles

question: Is it true that the first Cubist picture is The Demoiselles?

answer: although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist.

text: although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist.

question: Which two artists did Douglass Cooper say were not important to the forming of Cubism?

text: Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne

question: What does Cooper say is the last Cubist picture?

text: Demoiselles

question: What style is The Desmoiselles?

text: Cubist

question: Who said The disruptive, expressionist element in it is not at all contrary to the spirit of Cubism"

text: Cooper


text: The Crusaders in the Holy Land also adopted mosaic decoration under local Byzantine influence. During their 12th-century reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem they complemented the existing Byzantine mosaics with new ones. Almost nothing of them survived except the "Ascension of Christ" in the Latin Chapel (now confusingly surrounded by many 20th-century mosaics). More substantial fragments were preserved from the 12th-century mosaic decoration of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. The mosaics in the nave are arranged in five horizontal bands with the figures of the ancestors of Christ, Councils of the Church and angels. In the apses the Annunciation, the Nativity, Adoration of the Magi and Dormition of the Blessed Virgin can be seen. The program of redecoration of the church was completed in 1169 as a unique collaboration of the Byzantine emperor, the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Crusaders

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: also

text: adopted

text: mosaic

text: decoration

text: under

text: local

text: Byzantine

text: influence

text: During

text: their

text: century

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Sepulchre

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: they

text: complemented

text: the

text: existing

text: Byzantine

text: mosaics

text: with

text: new

text: ones

text: Almost

text: nothing

text: of

text: them

text: survived

text: except

text: the

text: Ascension

text: of

text: Christ

text: in

text: the

text: Latin

text: Chapel

text: now

text: confusingly

text: surrounded

text: by

text: many

text: century

text: mosaics

text: More

text: substantial

text: fragments

text: were

text: preserved

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: mosaic

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Nativity

text: in

text: Bethlehem

text: The

text: mosaics

text: in

text: the

text: nave

text: are

text: arranged

text: in

text: five

text: horizontal

text: bands

text: with

text: the

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: Christ

text: Councils

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: and

text: angels

text: In

text: the

text: apses

text: the

text: Annunciation

text: the

text: Nativity

text: Adoration

text: of

text: the

text: Magi

text: and

text: Dormition

text: of

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: The

text: program

text: of

text: redecoration

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: unique

text: collaboration

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: emperor

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: the

text: Latin

text: Church

question: What nation influenced the Crusaders mosaic styles?

answer: Byzantine

text: Byzantine

question: Where is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre located?

answer: Jerusalem

text: Jerusalem

question: What is the name of the lone surviving mosaic of the Crusader period?

answer: "Ascension of Christ"

text: "Ascension of Christ"

question: Where is the mosaic "Ascension of Christ" located?

answer: in the Latin Chapel

text: in the Latin Chapel

question: The Byzantine emperor, the king of Jerusalem and the Latin Church came together in what year to redecorate the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?

answer: 1169


text: Legislatures have reduced infringement by narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing. Aside from upholding international copyright treaty obligations to provide general limitations and exceptions, nations have enacted compulsory licensing laws applying specifically to digital works and uses. For example, in the U.S., the DMCA, an implementation of the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty, considers digital transmissions of audio recordings to be licensed as long as a designated copyright collective's royalty and reporting requirements are met. The DMCA also provides safe harbor for digital service providers whose users are suspected of copyright infringement, thus reducing the likelihood that the providers themselves will be considered directly infringing.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Legislatures

text: have

text: reduced

text: infringement

text: by

text: narrowing

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: considered

text: infringing

text: Aside

text: from

text: upholding

text: international

text: copyright

text: treaty

text: obligations

text: to

text: provide

text: general

text: limitations

text: and

text: exceptions

text: nations

text: have

text: enacted

text: compulsory

text: licensing

text: laws

text: applying

text: specifically

text: to

text: digital

text: works

text: and

text: uses

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: the

text: DMCA

text: an

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: WIPO

text: Copyright

text: Treaty

text: considers

text: digital

text: transmissions

text: of

text: audio

text: recordings

text: to

text: be

text: licensed

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: a

text: designated

text: copyright

text: collective

text: 's

text: royalty

text: and

text: reporting

text: requirements

text: are

text: met

text: The

text: DMCA

text: also

text: provides

text: safe

text: harbor

text: for

text: digital

text: service

text: providers

text: whose

text: users

text: are

text: suspected

text: of

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: thus

text: reducing

text: the

text: likelihood

text: that

text: the

text: providers

text: themselves

text: will

text: be

text: considered

text: directly

text: infringing

question: How have governments lowered infringement rates?

answer: narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing

text: narrowing the scope of what is considered infringing

question: Besides upholding international treaty, what else have countries done specifically to digital works and uses?

answer: enacted compulsory licensing laws

text: enacted compulsory licensing laws

question: What law in the US considers digital transmission of audio to be licensed if certain conditions are met?

answer: DMCA

text: DMCA

question: What else does this law provide to service providers?

answer: safe harbor

text: safe harbor

question: Who does this law target?

answer: providers whose users are suspected of copyright infringement

text: providers whose users are suspected of copyright infringement

question: How have governments increased infringement rates?

question: Besides upholding international treaty, what else haven't countries done specifically to digital works and uses?

text: enacted compulsory licensing laws

question: What law in the UN considers digital transmission of audio to be licensed if certain conditions are met?

text: DMCA

question: What else doesn't this law provide to service providers?

text: safe harbor

question: Who doesn't this law target?


text: Cyclone Bebe in 1972 caused severe damage to Funafuti. Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili islet was devastated by Cyclone Meli in 1979, with all its vegetation and most of its sand swept away during the cyclone. Along with a tropical depression that affected the islands a few days later, Severe Tropical Cyclone Ofa had a major impact on Tuvalu with most islands reporting damage to vegetation and crops. Cyclone Gavin was first identified during 2 March 1997, and was the first of three tropical cyclones to affect Tuvalu during the 1996–97 cyclone season with Cyclones Hina and Keli following later in the season.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: Cyclone

text: Bebe

text: in

text: caused

text: severe

text: damage

text: to

text: Funafuti

text: Funafuti

text: 's

text: Tepuka

text: Vili

text: Vili

text: islet

text: was

text: devastated

text: by

text: Cyclone

text: Meli

text: in

text: with

text: all

text: its

text: vegetation

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: sand

text: swept

text: away

text: during

text: the

text: cyclone

text: Along

text: with

text: a

text: tropical

text: depression

text: that

text: affected

text: the

text: islands

text: a

text: few

text: days

text: later

text: Severe

text: Tropical

text: Cyclone

text: Ofa

text: had

text: a

text: major

text: impact

text: on

text: Tuvalu

text: with

text: most

text: islands

text: reporting

text: damage

text: to

text: vegetation

text: and

text: crops

text: Cyclone

text: Gavin

text: was

text: first

text: identified

text: during

text: March

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: three

text: tropical

text: cyclones

text: to

text: affect

text: Tuvalu

text: during

text: the

text: cyclone

text: season

text: with

text: Cyclones

text: Hina

text: and

text: Keli

text: following

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: season

question: What cyclone badly damaged Funafuti?

answer: Cyclone Bebe

text: Cyclone Bebe

question: What islet was damaged by Cyclone Meli in 1979?

answer: Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili

text: Funafuti's Tepuka Vili Vili

question: How many cyclones effected Tuvalu during the 1996-97  cyclone season?

answer: three

text: three

question: What cyclone caused major damage to vegetation on all islands on Tuvalu?

answer: Cyclone Ofa

text: Cyclone Ofa

question: What was the first cyclone to strike Tuvalu during the 1996-97 season?

answer: Cyclone Gavin

text: Cyclone Gavin


text: Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit. The products of operon genes typically have related functions and are involved in the same regulatory network.:7.3

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Many

text: prokaryotic

text: genes

text: are

text: organized

text: into

text: operons

text: with

text: multiple

text: protein

text: coding

text: sequences

text: that

text: are

text: transcribed

text: as

text: a

text: unit

text: The

text: products

text: of

text: operon

text: genes

text: typically

text: have

text: related

text: functions

text: and

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: regulatory

question: What are most prokaryotic genes organized into?

answer: operons

text: operons

question: What are multiple protein coding sequences transcribed as?

answer: a unit

text: a unit

question: What sort of functions do the products of operon genes typically have?

answer: related functions

text: related functions

question: What type of network are the products of operon genes typically involved with?

answer: the same regulatory network

text: the same regulatory network

question: What type of coding sequences do prokaryotic genes typically have?

answer: multiple protein-coding sequences

text: multiple protein-coding sequences


text: Throughout this article Norman uses "Near East" to mean the countries where "the eastern question" applied; that is, to all of the Balkans. The countries and regions mentioned are Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina (which was Moslem and needed, in his view, to be suppressed), Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Romania. The rest of the Ottoman domain is demoted to just "the east."

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: Throughout

text: this

text: article

text: Norman

text: uses

text: Near

text: East

text: to

text: mean

text: the

text: countries

text: where

text: the

text: eastern

text: question

text: applied

text: that

text: is

text: to

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

text: The

text: countries

text: and

text: regions

text: mentioned

text: are

text: Greece

text: Bulgaria

text: Serbia

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: which

text: was

text: Moslem

text: and

text: needed

text: in

text: his

text: view

text: to

text: be

text: suppressed

text: Macedonia

text: Montenegro

text: Albania

text: Romania

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: domain

text: is

text: demoted

text: to

text: just

text: the

text: east

question: What does Norman mean in the article when saying "Near East"?

answer: the countries where "the eastern question" applied

text: the countries where "the eastern question" applied

question: What is the rest of the Ottoman domain demoted to?

answer: just "the east."

text: just "the east."

question: "The East" refers to what?

answer: The rest of the Ottoman domain

text: The rest of the Ottoman domain


text: Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: civilisations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: many

text: other

text: civilisations

text: and

text: nations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: through

text: so

text: many

text: eras

text: starting

text: from

text: prehistoric

text: age

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: age

text: passing

text: through

text: so

text: many

text: ages

text: such

text: as

text: Pharonic

text: Roman

text: Greek

text: Islamic

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: ages

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: wide

text: variation

text: of

text: ages

text: the

text: continuous

text: contact

text: with

text: other

text: nations

text: and

text: the

text: big

text: number

text: of

text: conflicts

text: Egypt

text: had

text: been

text: through

text: at

text: least

text: museums

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Egypt

text: mainly

text: covering

text: a

text: wide

text: area

text: of

text: these

text: ages

text: and

text: conflicts

question: What is the oldest era in Egypt?

answer: prehistoric

text: prehistoric

question: What are some examples of Ages in Egypt?

answer: Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic

text: Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic

question: How many museums are found in Egypt?

answer: at least 60

text: at least 60


text: The Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrical errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for a more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast of Easter. In 1577, a Compendium was sent to expert mathematicians outside the reform commission for comments. Some of these experts, including Giambattista Benedetti and Giuseppe Moleto, believed Easter should be computed from the true motions of the sun and moon, rather than using a tabular method, but these recommendations were not adopted. The reform adopted was a modification of a proposal made by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio).

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: The

text: Council

text: of

text: Trent

text: approved

text: a

text: plan

text: in

text: for

text: correcting

text: the

text: calendrical

text: errors

text: requiring

text: that

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: the

text: vernal

text: equinox

text: be

text: restored

text: to

text: that

text: which

text: it

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: in

text: and

text: that

text: an

text: alteration

text: to

text: the

text: calendar

text: be

text: designed

text: to

text: prevent

text: future

text: drift

text: This

text: would

text: allow

text: for

text: a

text: more

text: consistent

text: and

text: accurate

text: scheduling

text: of

text: the

text: feast

text: of

text: Easter

text: In

text: a

text: Compendium

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: expert

text: mathematicians

text: outside

text: the

text: reform

text: commission

text: for

text: comments

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: experts

text: including

text: Giambattista

text: Benedetti

text: and

text: Giuseppe

text: Moleto

text: believed

text: Easter

text: should

text: be

text: computed

text: from

text: the

text: true

text: motions

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: and

text: moon

text: rather

text: than

text: using

text: a

text: tabular

text: method

text: but

text: these

text: recommendations

text: were

text: not

text: adopted

text: The

text: reform

text: adopted

text: was

text: a

text: modification

text: of

text: a

text: proposal

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: Calabrian

text: doctor

text: Aloysius

text: Lilius

text: or

text: Lilio

question: When did the Council of Trent agree to the corrected calendar?

answer: 1563

question: To what time did the Council require the date of the vernal equinox to be set?

answer: 325

question: What did mathematicians of the time want to use to set the date of Easter?

answer: motions of the sun and moon

text: motions of the sun and moon

question: What method was used instead of computations of the sun and moon?

answer: tabular method

text: tabular method

question: Whose modified proposal was adopted?

answer: Aloysius Lilius

text: Aloysius Lilius

question: What plan to the Council of Trent approve in the fifteenth century?

text: for correcting the calendrical errors

question: What did the first Council of Nicaea require to be restored to the one set in 325?

text: date of the vernal equinox

question: What did the first Council of Nicaea require alterations for?

text: to prevent future drift.

question: What was sent to mathematicians in the fifteenth century?

text: a Compendium

question: What was adopted from the proposal of Moleto

text: The reform


text: During this time, Atlantic City was under the mayoral reign of Edward L. Bader, known for his contributions to the construction, athletics and aviation of Atlantic City. Despite the opposition of many others, he purchased land that became the city's municipal airport and high school football stadium, both of which were later named Bader Field in his honor. He led the initiative, in 1923, to construct the Atlantic City High School at Albany and Atlantic Avenues. Bader, in November 1923, initiated a public referendum, during the general election, at which time residents approved the construction of a Convention Center. The city passed an ordinance approving a bond issue for $1.5 million to be used for the purchase of land for Convention Hall, now known as the Boardwalk Hall, finalized September 30, 1924. Bader was also a driving force behind the creation of the Miss America competition.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: was

text: under

text: the

text: mayoral

text: reign

text: of

text: Edward

text: L.

text: Bader

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: construction

text: athletics

text: and

text: aviation

text: of

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: Despite

text: the

text: opposition

text: of

text: many

text: others

text: he

text: purchased

text: land

text: that

text: became

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: municipal

text: airport

text: and

text: high

text: school

text: football

text: stadium

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: later

text: named

text: Bader

text: Field

text: in

text: his

text: honor

text: He

text: led

text: the

text: initiative

text: in

text: to

text: construct

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: High

text: School

text: at

text: Albany

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Avenues

text: Bader

text: in

text: November

text: initiated

text: a

text: public

text: referendum

text: during

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: at

text: which

text: time

text: residents

text: approved

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: Convention

text: Center

text: The

text: city

text: passed

text: an

text: ordinance

text: approving

text: a

text: bond

text: issue

text: for

text: million

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: land

text: for

text: Convention

text: Hall

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Boardwalk

text: Hall

text: finalized

text: September

text: Bader

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: driving

text: force

text: behind

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Miss

text: America

text: competition

question: During the 1920s, who was the mayor of Atlantic City?

answer: Edward L. Bader

text: Edward L. Bader

question: What three contributions to Atlantic City was Edward L. Bader known for?

answer: construction, athletics and aviation

text: construction, athletics and aviation

question: What year did Edward L. Bader lead the initiative to construct the Atlantic City High School?

answer: 1923

question: How much was the bond for that was to be used to purchase land for a Convention Center?

answer: $1.5 million

text: $1.5 million

question: What year was Boardwalk Hall finished?

answer: 1924


text: Somalis for centuries have practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer. Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: Somalis

text: for

text: centuries

text: have

text: practiced

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: customary

text: law

text: which

text: they

text: call

text: Xeer

text: Xeer

text: is

text: a

text: polycentric

text: legal

text: system

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: monopolistic

text: agent

text: that

text: determines

text: what

text: the

text: law

text: should

text: be

text: or

text: how

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: interpreted

question: What is the Somali system of customary law?

answer: Xeer

text: Xeer


text: Kerry said on September 9 in response to a reporter's question about whether Syrian President Bashar al-Assad could avert a military strike: "He could turn over every single bit of his chemical weapons to the international community in the next week. Turn it over, all of it, without delay, and allow a full and total accounting for that. But he isn't about to do it, and it can't be done, obviously." This unscripted remark initiated a process that would lead to Syria agreeing to relinquish and destroy its chemical weapons arsenal, as Russia treated Kerry's statement as a serious proposal. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said Russia would work "immediately" to convince Syria relinquish and destroy its large chemical weapons arsenal. Syria quickly welcomed this proposal and on September 14, the UN formally accepted Syria's application to join the convention banning chemical weapons, and separately, the U.S. and Russia agreed on a plan to eliminate Syria's chemical weapons by the middle of 2014. On September 28, the UN Security Council passed a resolution ordering the destruction of Syria's chemical weapons and condemning the August 21 Ghouta attack.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Kerry

text: said

text: on

text: September

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: reporter

text: 's

text: question

text: about

text: whether

text: Syrian

text: President

text: Bashar

text: al

text: Assad

text: could

text: avert

text: a

text: military

text: strike

text: He

text: could

text: turn

text: over

text: every

text: single

text: bit

text: of

text: his

text: chemical

text: weapons

text: to

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: week

text: Turn

text: it

text: over

text: all

text: of

text: it

text: without

text: delay

text: and

text: allow

text: a

text: full

text: and

text: total

text: accounting

text: for

text: that

text: But

text: he

text: is

text: n't

text: about

text: to

text: do

text: it

text: and

text: it

text: ca

text: n't

text: be

text: done

text: obviously

text: This

text: unscripted

text: remark

text: initiated

text: a

text: process

text: that

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: Syria

text: agreeing

text: to

text: relinquish

text: and

text: destroy

text: its

text: chemical

text: weapons

text: arsenal

text: as

text: Russia

text: treated

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: statement

text: as

text: a

text: serious

text: proposal

text: Russian

text: Foreign

text: Minister

text: Sergey

text: Lavrov

text: said

text: Russia

text: would

text: work

text: immediately

text: to

text: convince

text: Syria

text: relinquish

text: and

text: destroy

text: its

text: large

text: chemical

text: weapons

text: arsenal

text: Syria

text: quickly

text: welcomed

text: this

text: proposal

text: and

text: on

text: September

text: the

text: UN

text: formally

text: accepted

text: Syria

text: 's

text: application

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: convention

text: banning

text: chemical

text: weapons

text: and

text: separately

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Russia

text: agreed

text: on

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: eliminate

text: Syria

text: 's

text: chemical

text: weapons

text: by

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: UN

text: Security

text: Council

text: passed

text: a

text: resolution

text: ordering

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: Syria

text: 's

text: chemical

text: weapons

text: and

text: condemning

text: the

text: August

text: Ghouta

text: attack

question: Who was Syria's president in 2014?

answer: Bashar al-Assad

text: Bashar al-Assad

question: What did Kerry say Syria could do to avoid a military strike?

answer: turn over every single bit of his chemical weapons to the international community in the next week

text: turn over every single bit of his chemical weapons to the international community in the next week

question: Which country convinced Syria to actually give up its chemical weapons?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: What was Sergey Lavrov's position?

answer: Russian Foreign Minister

text: Russian Foreign Minister

question: When did the UN Security Council order Syria's chemical weapons be destroyed?

answer: September 28

text: September 28


text: The BBC Television department headed by Jana Bennett was absorbed into a new, much larger group; BBC Vision, in late 2006. The new group was part of larger restructuring within the BBC with the onset of new media outlets and technology.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: The

text: BBC

text: Television

text: department

text: headed

text: by

text: Jana

text: Bennett

text: was

text: absorbed

text: into

text: a

text: new

text: much

text: larger

text: group

text: BBC

text: Vision

text: in

text: late

text: The

text: new

text: group

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: restructuring

text: within

text: the

text: BBC

text: with

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: new

text: media

text: outlets

text: and

text: technology

question: Who was the leader of BBC Television in 2006?

answer: Jana Bennett

text: Jana Bennett

question: What did BBC Television get absorbed into?

answer: BBC Vision

text: BBC Vision

question: What caused the move of BBC Television into the BBC VIsion unit?

answer: the onset of new media outlets and technology

text: the onset of new media outlets and technology

question: BBC Vision was absorbed into what?

text: BBC Television

question: What year was Jana Bennett the leader of BBC Vision?

question: What caused the moved of BBC Vision into the BBC Television unit?


text: Democracy, social-contract theory, separation of powers, religious freedom, separation of church and state – these achievements of the Reformation and early Protestantism were elaborated on and popularized by Enlightenment thinkers. Some of the philosophers of the English, Scottish, German, and Swiss Enlightenment - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Toland, David Hume, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau - had Protestant backgrounds. For example, John Locke, whose political thought was based on "a set of Protestant Christian assumptions", derived the equality of all humans, including the equality of the genders ("Adam and Eve"), from Genesis 1, 26-28. As all persons were created equally free, all governments needed "the consent of the governed." These Lockean ideas were fundamental to the United States Declaration of Independence, which also deduced human rights from the biblical belief in creation: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Democracy

text: social

text: contract

text: theory

text: separation

text: of

text: powers

text: religious

text: freedom

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: these

text: achievements

text: of

text: the

text: Reformation

text: and

text: early

text: Protestantism

text: were

text: elaborated

text: on

text: and

text: popularized

text: by

text: Enlightenment

text: thinkers

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: philosophers

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Scottish

text: German

text: and

text: Swiss

text: Enlightenment

text: Thomas

text: Hobbes

text: John

text: Locke

text: John

text: Toland

text: David

text: Hume

text: Gottfried

text: Wilhelm

text: Leibniz

text: Christian

text: Wolff

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: and

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Rousseau

text: had

text: Protestant

text: backgrounds

text: For

text: example

text: John

text: Locke

text: whose

text: political

text: thought

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: Protestant

text: Christian

text: assumptions

text: derived

text: the

text: equality

text: of

text: all

text: humans

text: including

text: the

text: equality

text: of

text: the

text: genders

text: Adam

text: and

text: Eve

text: from

text: Genesis

text: As

text: all

text: persons

text: were

text: created

text: equally

text: free

text: all

text: governments

text: needed

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: governed

text: These

text: Lockean

text: ideas

text: were

text: fundamental

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: which

text: also

text: deduced

text: human

text: rights

text: from

text: the

text: biblical

text: belief

text: in

text: creation

text: We

text: hold

text: these

text: truths

text: to

text: be

text: self

text: evident

text: that

text: all

text: men

text: are

text: created

text: equal

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: endowed

text: by

text: their

text: Creator

text: with

text: certain

text: unalienable

text: Rights

text: that

text: among

text: these

text: are

text: Life

text: Liberty

text: and

text: the

text: pursuit

text: of

text: Happiness

question: What group popularized early Protestant teachings about separation of church and state?

answer: Enlightenment thinkers

text: Enlightenment thinkers

question: What did John Locke use as a basis for his political beliefs?

answer: a set of Protestant Christian assumptions

text: a set of Protestant Christian assumptions

question: Whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?

answer: John Locke

text: John Locke

question: What Rights do the Declaration of Independence consider unalienable?

answer: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness

text: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness

question: What scripture did Locke use as a reference for equality?

answer: Genesis 1, 26-28

text: Genesis 1, 26-28


text: The 2007 gross state product was $44.9 billion, 45th in the nation. Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $40,042, ranking 15th in the nation. According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Alaska had the fifth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.75 percent. The oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy, with more than 80% of the state's revenues derived from petroleum extraction. Alaska's main export product (excluding oil and natural gas) is seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: The

text: gross

text: state

text: product

text: was

text: billion

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Its

text: per

text: capita

text: personal

text: income

text: for

text: was

text: ranking

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: study

text: by

text: Phoenix

text: Marketing

text: International

text: Alaska

text: had

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: millionaires

text: per

text: capita

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: a

text: ratio

text: of

text: percent

text: The

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: industry

text: dominates

text: the

text: Alaskan

text: economy

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: revenues

text: derived

text: from

text: petroleum

text: extraction

text: Alaska

text: 's

text: main

text: export

text: product

text: excluding

text: oil

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: is

text: seafood

text: primarily

text: salmon

text: cod

text: Pollock

text: and

text: crab

question: What was the per capita personal income in Alaska in 2007?

answer: $40,042

question: How does Alaska's per capita personal income rank against other states?

answer: 15th in the nation

text: 15th in the nation

question: How much of Alaskan state revenue comes from petroleum extraction?

answer: 80%

question: Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's largest export?

answer: seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab

text: seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab

question: What was the per capita personal income in Alaska in 2017?

question: How does Alaska's per capita personal debt rank against other states?

text: 15th in the nation

question: How much of Alaskan state revenue never comes from petroleum extraction?

question: Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's largest import?

question: Beyond petroleum, what is Alaska's smallest export?


text: Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th century, toxic chemicals such as arsenic, mercury, and lead were being applied to crops to kill pests. In the 17th century, nicotine sulfate was extracted from tobacco leaves for use as an insecticide. The 19th century saw the introduction of two more natural pesticides, pyrethrum, which is derived from chrysanthemums, and rotenone, which is derived from the roots of tropical vegetables. Until the 1950s, arsenic-based pesticides were dominant. Paul Müller discovered that DDT was a very effective insecticide. Organochlorines such as DDT were dominant, but they were replaced in the U.S. by organophosphates and carbamates by 1975. Since then, pyrethrin compounds have become the dominant insecticide. Herbicides became common in the 1960s, led by "triazine and other nitrogen-based compounds, carboxylic acids such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate".

title: Pesticide

title: Pesticide

text: Since

text: before

text: BC

text: humans

text: have

text: utilized

text: pesticides

text: to

text: protect

text: their

text: crops

text: The

text: first

text: known

text: pesticide

text: was

text: elemental

text: sulfur

text: dusting

text: used

text: in

text: ancient

text: Sumer

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamia

text: The

text: Rig

text: Veda

text: which

text: is

text: about

text: years

text: old

text: mentions

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: poisonous

text: plants

text: for

text: pest

text: control

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: toxic

text: chemicals

text: such

text: as

text: arsenic

text: mercury

text: and

text: lead

text: were

text: being

text: applied

text: to

text: crops

text: to

text: kill

text: pests

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: nicotine

text: sulfate

text: was

text: extracted

text: from

text: tobacco

text: leaves

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: an

text: insecticide

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: two

text: more

text: natural

text: pesticides

text: pyrethrum

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: chrysanthemums

text: and

text: rotenone

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: tropical

text: vegetables

text: Until

text: the

text: arsenic

text: based

text: pesticides

text: were

text: dominant

text: Paul

text: Müller

text: discovered

text: that

text: DDT

text: was

text: a

text: very

text: effective

text: insecticide

text: Organochlorines

text: such

text: as

text: DDT

text: were

text: dominant

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: replaced

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: by

text: organophosphates

text: and

text: carbamates

text: by

text: Since

text: then

text: pyrethrin

text: compounds

text: have

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: insecticide

text: Herbicides

text: became

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: led

text: by

text: triazine

text: and

text: other

text: nitrogen

text: based

text: compounds

text: carboxylic

text: acids

text: such

text: as

text: acid

text: and

text: glyphosate

question: What is the earliest records of humans using pesticides?

answer: before 2000 BC

text: before 2000 BC

question: What was used as a insecticide in the 17th century?

answer: nicotine sulfate

text: nicotine sulfate

question: What decade did herbicides become common?

answer: 1960s

question: Who can be credited with finding out DDT is useful as an insecticide?

answer: Paul Müller

text: Paul Müller

question: What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate?

answer: tobacco leaves

text: tobacco leaves

question: Where was The Rig Veda written?

text: in ancient Mesopotamia

question: Since before 2000 BC what three toxic chemicals were used to kill pests?

text: arsenic, mercury, and lead

question: What was extracted from tobacco in the 15th century as an insecticide?

text: nicotine sulfate

question: What was one natural pesticide used in the 17th century?

text: pyrethrum

question: Where was pyrethrum extracted from in the 17th century?

text: chrysanthemums


text: Guinea-Bissau has several secondary schools (general as well as technical) and a number of universities, to which an institutionally autonomous Faculty of Law as well as a Faculty of Medicine have been added.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: has

text: several

text: secondary

text: schools

text: general

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: technical

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: universities

text: to

text: which

text: an

text: institutionally

text: autonomous

text: Faculty

text: of

text: Law

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: Faculty

text: of

text: Medicine

text: have

text: been

text: added

question: What type of secondary schools does Guinea-Bissau have?

answer: general as well as technical

text: general as well as technical

question: What institutions have added a Faculty of Law?

answer: universities

text: universities

question: What institutions have added a Faculty of Medicine?

answer: universities

text: universities

question: What two words are used to describe the Faculty of Law and Faculty of Medicine?

answer: institutionally autonomous

text: institutionally autonomous


text: The meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed] For example, at the time those nations were being established, factions known as "federalists" in the United States and Australia advocated the formation of strong central government. Similarly, in European Union politics, federalists mostly seek greater EU integration. In contrast, in Spain and in post-war Germany, federal movements have sought decentralisation: the transfer of power from central authorities to local units. In Canada, where Quebec separatism has been a political force for several decades, the "federalist" impulse aims to keep Quebec inside Canada.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: The

text: meaning

text: of

text: federalism

text: as

text: a

text: political

text: movement

text: and

text: of

text: what

text: constitutes

text: a

text: federalist

text: varies

text: with

text: country

text: and

text: historical

text: context.[citation

text: needed

text: Movements

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: or

text: development

text: of

text: federations

text: can

text: exhibit

text: either

text: centralising

text: or

text: decentralising

text: trends.[citation

text: needed

text: For

text: example

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: those

text: nations

text: were

text: being

text: established

text: factions

text: known

text: as

text: federalists

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Australia

text: advocated

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: strong

text: central

text: government

text: Similarly

text: in

text: European

text: Union

text: politics

text: federalists

text: mostly

text: seek

text: greater

text: EU

text: integration

text: In

text: contrast

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: in

text: post

text: war

text: Germany

text: federal

text: movements

text: have

text: sought

text: decentralisation

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: power

text: from

text: central

text: authorities

text: to

text: local

text: units

text: In

text: Canada

text: where

text: Quebec

text: separatism

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: political

text: force

text: for

text: several

text: decades

text: the

text: federalist

text: impulse

text: aims

text: to

text: keep

text: Quebec

text: inside

text: Canada

question: What is the meaning of federalism?

answer: as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context

text: as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context

question: What types of movements are associated with federalism?

answer: Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.

text: Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.

question: What countries advocate for a strong central government?

answer: United States and Australia

text: United States and Australia

question: What isn't the meaning of federalism?

question: What is the meaning of anti-federalism?

question: What types of movements aren't associated with federalism?

question: What types of non-movements are associated with federalism?

question: What countries are against a strong central government?

text: United States and Australia


text: The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals, as they gather for the papal conclave.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: The

text: Cardinal

text: Camerlengo

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Church

text: assisted

text: by

text: the

text: Vice

text: Camerlengo

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: prelates

text: of

text: the

text: office

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: Camera

text: has

text: functions

text: that

text: in

text: essence

text: are

text: limited

text: to

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: sede

text: vacante

text: of

text: the

text: papacy

text: He

text: is

text: to

text: collate

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: financial

text: situation

text: of

text: all

text: administrations

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: and

text: present

text: the

text: results

text: to

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: as

text: they

text: gather

text: for

text: the

text: papal

text: conclave

question: In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal?

answer: collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals

text: collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals

question: What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera?

question: Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy?

text: Apostolic Camera

question: Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See?

question: Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals?

text: Cardinal Camerlengo


text: Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Various

text: classes

text: of

text: Vajrayana

text: literature

text: developed

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: royal

text: courts

text: sponsoring

text: both

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Saivism

text: The

text: Mañjusrimulakalpa

text: which

text: later

text: came

text: to

text: classified

text: under

text: Kriyatantra

text: states

text: that

text: mantras

text: taught

text: in

text: the

text: Saiva

text: Garuda

text: and

text: Vaisnava

text: tantras

text: will

text: be

text: effective

text: if

text: applied

text: by

text: Buddhists

text: since

text: they

text: were

text: all

text: taught

text: originally

text: by

text: Manjushri

text: The

text: Guhyasiddhi

text: of

text: Padmavajra

text: a

text: work

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Guhyasamaja

text: tradition

text: prescribes

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: Saiva

text: guru

text: and

text: initiating

text: members

text: into

text: Saiva

text: Siddhanta

text: scriptures

text: and

text: mandalas

text: The

text: Samvara

text: tantra

text: texts

text: adopted

text: the

text: pitha

text: list

text: from

text: the

text: Saiva

text: text

text: Tantrasadbhava

text: introducing

text: a

text: copying

text: error

text: where

text: a

text: deity

text: was

text: mistaken

text: for

text: a

text: place

question: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?

answer: Saivism

text: Saivism

question: Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who?

answer: Buddhists

text: Buddhists

question: What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition?

answer: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra

text: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra


text: Population geneticists have debated whether the concept of population can provide a basis for a new conception of race. In order to do this, a working definition of population must be found. Surprisingly, there is no generally accepted concept of population that biologists use. Although the concept of population is central to ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology, most definitions of population rely on qualitative descriptions such as "a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time" Waples and Gaggiotti identify two broad types of definitions for populations; those that fall into an ecological paradigm, and those that fall into an evolutionary paradigm. Examples of such definitions are:

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Population

text: geneticists

text: have

text: debated

text: whether

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: population

text: can

text: provide

text: a

text: basis

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: conception

text: of

text: race

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: do

text: this

text: a

text: working

text: definition

text: of

text: population

text: must

text: be

text: found

text: Surprisingly

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: generally

text: accepted

text: concept

text: of

text: population

text: that

text: biologists

text: use

text: Although

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: population

text: is

text: central

text: to

text: ecology

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: and

text: conservation

text: biology

text: most

text: definitions

text: of

text: population

text: rely

text: on

text: qualitative

text: descriptions

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: occupying

text: a

text: particular

text: space

text: at

text: a

text: particular

text: time

text: Waples

text: and

text: Gaggiotti

text: identify

text: two

text: broad

text: types

text: of

text: definitions

text: for

text: populations

text: those

text: that

text: fall

text: into

text: an

text: ecological

text: paradigm

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: fall

text: into

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: paradigm

text: Examples

text: of

text: such

text: definitions

text: are

question: What type of geneticists have debates about what can provide a basis for a new conception of race?

answer: Population

text: Population

question: What class of researchers surprisingly have no generally accepted concept of population?

answer: biologists

text: biologists

question: What do most definitions of population rely on?

answer: qualitative descriptions

text: qualitative descriptions

question: What do Waples and Gaggiotti identify two broad types of?

answer: definitions for populations

text: definitions for populations

question: What are both ecological and evolutionary definition modifiers of?

answer: paradigm

text: paradigm


text: Despite changing family roles during adolescence, the home environment and parents are still important for the behaviors and choices of adolescents. Adolescents who have a good relationship with their parents are less likely to engage in various risk behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, fighting, and/or unprotected sexual intercourse. In addition, parents influence the education of adolescence. A study conducted by Adalbjarnardottir and Blondal (2009) showed that adolescents at the age of 14 who identify their parents as authoritative figures are more likely to complete secondary education by the age of 22—as support and encouragement from an authoritative parent motivates the adolescence to complete schooling to avoid disappointing that parent.

title: Adolescence

title: Adolescence

text: Despite

text: changing

text: family

text: roles

text: during

text: adolescence

text: the

text: home

text: environment

text: and

text: parents

text: are

text: still

text: important

text: for

text: the

text: behaviors

text: and

text: choices

text: of

text: adolescents

text: Adolescents

text: who

text: have

text: a

text: good

text: relationship

text: with

text: their

text: parents

text: are

text: less

text: likely

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: various

text: risk

text: behaviors

text: such

text: as

text: smoking

text: drinking

text: fighting

text: and/or

text: unprotected

text: sexual

text: intercourse

text: In

text: addition

text: parents

text: influence

text: the

text: education

text: of

text: adolescence

text: A

text: study

text: conducted

text: by

text: Adalbjarnardottir

text: and

text: Blondal

text: showed

text: that

text: adolescents

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: who

text: identify

text: their

text: parents

text: as

text: authoritative

text: figures

text: are

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: complete

text: secondary

text: education

text: by

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: support

text: and

text: encouragement

text: from

text: an

text: authoritative

text: parent

text: motivates

text: the

text: adolescence

text: to

text: complete

text: schooling

text: to

text: avoid

text: disappointing

text: that

text: parent

question: Are adolescents with authoritative parents more or less likely to complete secondary education by age 22?

answer: more

text: more

question: Are adolescents that have a good relationship with their parents more or less likely to smoke, drink, fight, or engage in unprotected sex?

answer: less likely

text: less likely

question: Which researchers conducted a 2009 study that concerned adolescents, their parents, and secondary education completion?

answer: Adalbjarnardottir and Blondal

text: Adalbjarnardottir and Blondal


text: In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners; it was placed (and is still in place) in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin, next to his open coffin.

title: Red

title: Red

text: In

text: following

text: the

text: stunning

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Army

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: in

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: French

text: workers

text: and

text: socialist

text: revolutionaries

text: seized

text: Paris

text: and

text: created

text: the

text: Paris

text: Commune

text: The

text: Commune

text: lasted

text: for

text: two

text: months

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: crushed

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Army

text: with

text: much

text: bloodshed

text: The

text: original

text: red

text: banners

text: of

text: the

text: Commune

text: became

text: icons

text: of

text: the

text: socialist

text: revolution

text: in

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Communist

text: Party

text: came

text: to

text: Moscow

text: and

text: presented

text: the

text: new

text: Soviet

text: government

text: with

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Commune

text: banners

text: it

text: was

text: placed

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: Vladimir

text: Lenin

text: next

text: to

text: his

text: open

text: coffin

question: Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian war?

answer: the French Army

text: the French Army

question: After Paris was seized as a result of the Franco-Prussian war, what did revolutionaries and workers create?

answer: the Paris Commune

text: the Paris Commune

question: For how long did the Paris Commune exist?

answer: two months

text: two months

question: Next to whom was a a Paris Commune banner placed?

answer: Vladimir Lenin

text: Vladimir Lenin

question: In what year did people of the French Communist party go to Moscow to give the Soviet government a Paris Commune banner?

answer: 1921

question: Who did the French Army defeat in 1870?

text: the Germans

question: What war did the French Army defeat the Germans in?

text: Franco-Prussian War

question: What happened in 1912?


text: Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that they be the sole manufacturer of all cartridges, and that the publisher had to pay in full before the cartridges for that game be produced. Cartridges could not be returned to Nintendo, so publishers assumed all the risk. As a result, some publishers lost more money due to distress sales of remaining inventory at the end of the NES era than they ever earned in profits from sales of the games. Because Nintendo controlled the production of all cartridges, it was able to enforce strict rules on its third-party developers, which were required to sign a contract by Nintendo that would obligate these parties to develop exclusively for the system, order at least 10,000 cartridges, and only make five games per year. A 1988 shortage of DRAM and ROM chips also reportedly caused Nintendo to only permit 25% of publishers' requests for cartridges. This was an average figure, with some publishers receiving much higher amounts and others almost none. GameSpy noted that Nintendo's "iron-clad terms" made the company many enemies during the 1980s. Some developers tried to circumvent the five game limit by creating additional company brands like Konami's Ultra Games label; others tried circumventing the 10NES chip.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Nintendo

text: was

text: not

text: as

text: restrictive

text: as

text: Sega

text: which

text: did

text: not

text: permit

text: third

text: party

text: publishing

text: until

text: Mediagenic

text: in

text: late

text: summer

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: intention

text: however

text: was

text: to

text: reserve

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: NES

text: game

text: revenue

text: for

text: itself

text: Nintendo

text: required

text: that

text: they

text: be

text: the

text: sole

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: all

text: cartridges

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: publisher

text: had

text: to

text: pay

text: in

text: full

text: before

text: the

text: cartridges

text: for

text: that

text: game

text: be

text: produced

text: Cartridges

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: returned

text: to

text: Nintendo

text: so

text: publishers

text: assumed

text: all

text: the

text: risk

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: some

text: publishers

text: lost

text: more

text: money

text: due

text: to

text: distress

text: sales

text: of

text: remaining

text: inventory

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: NES

text: era

text: than

text: they

text: ever

text: earned

text: in

text: profits

text: from

text: sales

text: of

text: the

text: games

text: Because

text: Nintendo

text: controlled

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: all

text: cartridges

text: it

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: enforce

text: strict

text: rules

text: on

text: its

text: third

text: party

text: developers

text: which

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: sign

text: a

text: contract

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: that

text: would

text: obligate

text: these

text: parties

text: to

text: develop

text: exclusively

text: for

text: the

text: system

text: order

text: at

text: least

text: cartridges

text: and

text: only

text: make

text: five

text: games

text: per

text: year

text: A

text: shortage

text: of

text: DRAM

text: and

text: ROM

text: chips

text: also

text: reportedly

text: caused

text: Nintendo

text: to

text: only

text: permit

text: of

text: publishers

text: requests

text: for

text: cartridges

text: This

text: was

text: an

text: average

text: figure

text: with

text: some

text: publishers

text: receiving

text: much

text: higher

text: amounts

text: and

text: others

text: almost

text: GameSpy

text: noted

text: that

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: iron

text: clad

text: terms

text: made

text: the

text: company

text: many

text: enemies

text: during

text: the

text: Some

text: developers

text: tried

text: to

text: circumvent

text: the

text: five

text: game

text: limit

text: by

text: creating

text: additional

text: company

text: brands

text: like

text: Konami

text: 's

text: Ultra

text: Games

text: label

text: others

text: tried

text: circumventing

text: the

text: chip

question: When did Sega finally permit third-party publishing?

answer: summer 1988

text: summer 1988

question: What was the name of the 1st company Sega permitted?

answer: Mediagenic

text: Mediagenic

question: Nintendo was the sole manufacturer of what component for third-party developers?

answer: cartridges

text: cartridges

question: As cartridges couldn't be returned to Nintendo, the developers took on the entirety of what?

answer: risk

text: risk

question: What year was there a shortage of DRAM and ROM chips?

answer: 1988

question: When did Sega finally permit fourth-party publishing?

question: What was the name of the 2nd company Sega permitted?

text: Mediagenic

question: Nintendo wasn't the sole manufacturer of what component for third-party developers?

text: Cartridges

question: As cartridges could be returned to Nintendo, the developers took on the entirety of what?

text: risk

question: What year wasn't there a shortage of DRAM and ROM chips?


text: At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as Sixaxis, but with vibration capability included. Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being noticeably heavier than the standard Sixaxis controller and capable of vibration forces comparable to DualShock 2. It was released in Japan on November 11, 2007; in North America on April 5, 2008; in Australia on April 24, 2008; in New Zealand on May 9, 2008; in mainland Europe on July 2, 2008, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on July 4, 2008.

title: PlayStation_3

title: PlayStation_3

text: At

text: its

text: press

text: conference

text: at

text: the

text: Tokyo

text: Game

text: Show

text: Sony

text: announced

text: DualShock

text: trademarked

text: DUALSHOCK

text: a

text: PlayStation

text: controller

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: function

text: and

text: design

text: as

text: Sixaxis

text: but

text: with

text: vibration

text: capability

text: included

text: Hands

text: on

text: accounts

text: describe

text: the

text: controller

text: as

text: being

text: noticeably

text: heavier

text: than

text: the

text: standard

text: Sixaxis

text: controller

text: and

text: capable

text: of

text: vibration

text: forces

text: comparable

text: to

text: DualShock

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: Australia

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: on

text: May

text: in

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Ireland

text: on

text: July

question: What did Sony name their vibrating PS3 controller?

answer: DualShock 3

text: DualShock 3

question: At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 3 first announced?

answer: press conference

text: press conference

question: What did many people who handled the DualShock 3 say it was compared to the Sixaxis?

answer: heavier

text: heavier

question: What was the first country to be able to buy the new DualShock 3 in stores?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: On what date was the DualShock three released in Australia?

answer: April 24, 2008

text: April 24, 2008

question: Sony announced DualShock 4 at what game show?

text: 2007 Tokyo Game Show

question: Sony announced a vibrating PS4 controller  at what game show?

text: 2007 Tokyo Game Show

question: The PS4 controller was lighter than what?

text: the standard Sixaxis controller

question: DualShock 4 was released in Japan on what date?

text: November 11, 2007

question: What did Sony name their vibrating PS2 controller?

text: DUALSHOCK 3

question: At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 2 first announced?

text: press conference

question: What did many people who handled the DualShock 2 say it was compared to the Sixaxis?

text: heavier

question: What was the last country to be able to buy the new DualShock 3 in stores?

text: Japan

question: On what date was the DualShock three unreleased in Australia?

text: April 24, 2008


text: On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed]

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: On

text: November

text: China

text: announced

text: that

text: from

text: BeiDou

text: would

text: offer

text: an

text: open

text: service

text: with

text: an

text: accuracy

text: of

text: meters

text: timing

text: of

text: microseconds

text: and

text: speed

text: of

text: meters

text: second.[citation

text: needed

question: When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system?

answer: 2 November 2006

text: 2 November 2006

question: What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?

answer: 10 meters

text: 10 meters

question: What was the timing and speed that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?

answer: timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second

text: timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second

question: China would offer a closed service with an accuracy of what?

text: 10 meters

question: Japan announced what on November 2nd, 2006?

question: Japan promised a timing speed of what with its open service?

text: 0.2 microseconds

question: Japan promised a speed of what with its open service?

text: 0.2 meters/second.

question: China announced what on November 22nd, 2006?


text: Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: Initially

text: the

text: existing

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: main

text: candidate

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: widescreen

text: cinema

text: the

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: eventually

text: emerged

text: as

text: being

text: a

text: reasonable

text: compromise

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: common

text: widescreen

text: cinema

text: format

text: An

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: of

text: was

text: duly

text: agreed

text: upon

text: at

text: the

text: first

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: working

text: party

text: at

text: the

text: BBC

text: 's

text: Research

text: and

text: Development

text: establishment

text: in

text: Kingswood

text: Warren

text: The

text: resulting

text: ITU

text: R

text: Recommendation

text: ITU

text: R

text: Rec

text: includes

text: the

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: a

text: specified

text: colorimetry

text: and

text: the

text: scan

text: modes

text: actively

text: interlaced

text: lines

text: of

text: resolution

text: and

text: progressively

text: scanned

text: lines

text: The

text: British

text: Freeview

text: HD

text: trials

text: used

text: MBAFF

text: which

text: contains

text: both

text: progressive

text: and

text: interlaced

text: content

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: encoding

question: What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of widescreen cinema?

answer: 16:9

question: Who agreed upon the 16:9 aspect ratio?

answer: the IWP11/6 working party

text: the IWP11/6 working party

question: What was a leading factor in the 16:9 aspect ratio being chosen?

answer: widescreen cinema

text: widescreen cinema

question: Which encoding contains both progressive and interlaced content?

answer: MBAFF

text: MBAFF

question: Which aspect ratio was the early favorite?

answer: 5:3

question: What aspect ratio was agreed upon due to the influence of full screen cinema?

question: Who agreed upon the 11:9 aspect ratio?

text: IWP11/6 working party

question: What was a leading factor in the 11:9 aspect ratio being chosen?

text: widescreen cinema

question: Which encoding contains both not progressive and interlaced content?

text: MBAFF

question: Which aspect ratio was the late favorite?


text: The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 366 km (227 mi) narrow gauge railway is operated by the Rhaetian Railways and includes some World Heritage lines. The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: most

text: dense

text: rail

text: network

text: in

text: Europe

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: carries

text: over

text: million

text: passengers

text: annually

text: In

text: each

text: Swiss

text: citizen

text: travelled

text: on

text: average

text: km

text: mi

text: by

text: rail

text: which

text: makes

text: them

text: the

text: keenest

text: rail

text: users

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: administered

text: mainly

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: Railways

text: except

text: in

text: Graubünden

text: where

text: the

text: km

text: mi

text: narrow

text: gauge

text: railway

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Rhaetian

text: Railways

text: and

text: includes

text: some

text: World

text: Heritage

text: lines

text: The

text: building

text: of

text: new

text: railway

text: base

text: tunnels

text: through

text: the

text: Alps

text: is

text: under

text: way

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: travel

text: between

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: through

text: the

text: AlpTransit

text: project

question: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy?

answer: over 350 million

text: over 350 million

question: In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails?

answer: 2,258

question: Who mainly administers the Swiss railway system?

answer: Federal Railways

text: Federal Railways

question: What is the Alp-Transit project designed to reduce the time of travel between?

answer: north and south

text: north and south

question: Under which mountains are the railway tunnels being built for the Alp-Transit project?

answer: the Alps

text: the Alps


text: The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: Silk

text: Road

text: transmission

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: to

text: China

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: started

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: or

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: though

text: the

text: literary

text: sources

text: are

text: all

text: open

text: to

text: question.[note

text: The

text: first

text: documented

text: translation

text: efforts

text: by

text: foreign

text: Buddhist

text: monks

text: in

text: China

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: probably

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: Kushan

text: Empire

text: into

text: the

text: Chinese

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Tarim

text: Basin

question: When was the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China?

answer: 2nd century CE

text: 2nd century CE


text: Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in English, the indigenous people called the island Ouanalao. St. Barthélemy lies about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of St. Martin and north of St. Kitts. Puerto Rico is 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the west in the Greater Antilles.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: French

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: French

text: pronunciation

text: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi

text: officially

text: the

text: Territorial

text: collectivity

text: of

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: French

text: Collectivité

text: territoriale

text: de

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: is

text: an

text: overseas

text: collectivity

text: of

text: France

text: Often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: Saint

text: Barth

text: in

text: French

text: or

text: St.

text: Barts

text: or

text: St.

text: Barths

text: in

text: English

text: the

text: indigenous

text: people

text: called

text: the

text: island

text: Ouanalao

text: St.

text: Barthélemy

text: lies

text: about

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: southeast

text: of

text: St.

text: Martin

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: St.

text: Kitts

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: is

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

question: What country is Saint-Barthélemy a collectivity of?

answer: France

text: France

question: What is the French abbreviation for Saint-Barthélemy?

answer: Saint-Barth

text: Saint-Barth

question: In what language is Saint-Barthélemy abbreviate St. Barts?

answer: English

text: English

question: What did the native peoples of Saint-Barthélemy call the island?

answer: Ouanalao

text: Ouanalao

question: In which direction is Puerto Rico from the island of Saint-Barthélemy?

answer: west

text: west

question: How far is St. Kitts from St. Martin?

text: 35 kilometres

question: How far is Puerto Rico from St. Kitts?

text: 240 kilometres

question: How far is Saint-Barthelemy from France?

text: 240 kilometres

question: In what direction is France from St. Barts?

text: southeast

question: What did the indigenous people of Puerto Rico call their island?

text: Ouanalao


text: On 28 September 1961, secessionist army units launched a coup in Damascus, declaring Syria's secession from the UAR. In response, pro-union army units in northern Syria revolted and pro-Nasser protests occurred in major Syrian cities. Nasser sent Egyptian special forces to Latakia to bolster his allies, but withdrew them two days later, citing a refusal to allow inter-Arab fighting. Addressing the UAR's breakup on 5 October, Nasser accepted personal responsibility and declared that Egypt would recognize an elected Syrian government. He privately blamed interference by hostile Arab governments. According to Heikal, Nasser suffered something resembling a nervous breakdown after the dissolution of the union; he began to smoke more heavily and his health began to deteriorate.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: On

text: September

text: secessionist

text: army

text: units

text: launched

text: a

text: coup

text: in

text: Damascus

text: declaring

text: Syria

text: 's

text: secession

text: from

text: the

text: UAR

text: In

text: response

text: pro

text: union

text: army

text: units

text: in

text: northern

text: Syria

text: revolted

text: and

text: pro

text: Nasser

text: protests

text: occurred

text: in

text: major

text: Syrian

text: cities

text: Nasser

text: sent

text: Egyptian

text: special

text: forces

text: to

text: Latakia

text: to

text: bolster

text: his

text: allies

text: but

text: withdrew

text: them

text: two

text: days

text: later

text: citing

text: a

text: refusal

text: to

text: allow

text: inter

text: Arab

text: fighting

text: Addressing

text: the

text: UAR

text: 's

text: breakup

text: on

text: October

text: Nasser

text: accepted

text: personal

text: responsibility

text: and

text: declared

text: that

text: Egypt

text: would

text: recognize

text: an

text: elected

text: Syrian

text: government

text: He

text: privately

text: blamed

text: interference

text: by

text: hostile

text: Arab

text: governments

text: According

text: to

text: Heikal

text: Nasser

text: suffered

text: something

text: resembling

text: a

text: nervous

text: breakdown

text: after

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: union

text: he

text: began

text: to

text: smoke

text: more

text: heavily

text: and

text: his

text: health

text: began

text: to

text: deteriorate

question: What Syrian anti-Nasser group lauched a coup?

answer: secessionist army units

text: secessionist army units

question: In what year did Syria leave the UAR?

answer: 1961

question: Where did Nasser send Egyptian special forces?

answer: Latakia

text: Latakia

question: What happened to Nasser after the breakup of the UAR?

answer: nervous breakdown

text: nervous breakdown

question: How was Nasser's health after the breakup of the UAR?

answer: his health began to deteriorate

text: his health began to deteriorate