text: The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus

text: The

text: baptism

text: of

text: Jesus

text: and

text: his

text: crucifixion

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: two

text: historically

text: certain

text: facts

text: about

text: Jesus

text: James

text: Dunn

text: states

text: that

text: these

text: two

text: facts

text: in

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: Jesus

text: command

text: almost

text: universal

text: assent

text: and

text: rank

text: so

text: high

text: on

text: the

text: almost

text: impossible

text: to

text: doubt

text: or

text: deny

text: scale

text: of

text: historical

text: facts

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: often

text: the

text: starting

text: points

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: Jesus

text: Bart

text: Ehrman

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: on

text: the

text: orders

text: of

text: Pontius

text: Pilate

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: certain

text: element

text: about

text: him

text: John

text: Dominic

text: Crossan

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: is

text: as

text: certain

text: as

text: any

text: historical

text: fact

text: can

text: be

text: Eddy

text: and

text: Boyd

text: state

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: firmly

text: established

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: non

text: Christian

text: confirmation

text: of

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Craig

text: Blomberg

text: states

text: that

text: most

text: scholars

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: quest

text: for

text: the

text: historical

text: Jesus

text: consider

text: the

text: crucifixion

text: indisputable

text: Christopher

text: M.

text: Tuckett

text: states

text: that

text: although

text: the

text: exact

text: reasons

text: for

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Jesus

text: are

text: hard

text: to

text: determine

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: indisputable

text: facts

text: about

text: him

text: is

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: crucified

question: What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus?

answer: baptism of Jesus

text: baptism of Jesus

question: Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened?

answer: the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be

text: the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be

question: Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for?

answer: the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine

text: the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine

question: Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established.

answer: Eddy

text: Eddy

question: Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent?

answer: James Dunn

text: James Dunn

question: What kind of confirmation is there about the life of Pontius Pilate?

text: non-Christian

question: What do Eddy and Boyd believe about Pilate and and how he shaped the life of the Jewish people?

text: indisputable

question: How many trials had Pilate presided over before Jesus?

text: one

question: What does the crucifixion of Jesus mean for understanding the life of Pilate?

text: often the starting points

question: Why did Pilate decide to turn Jesus over to the Jews?

text: hard to determine


text: The sequence of operations that the control unit goes through to process an instruction is in itself like a short computer program, and indeed, in some more complex CPU designs, there is another yet smaller computer called a microsequencer, which runs a microcode program that causes all of these events to happen.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: The

text: sequence

text: of

text: operations

text: that

text: the

text: control

text: unit

text: goes

text: through

text: to

text: process

text: an

text: instruction

text: is

text: in

text: itself

text: like

text: a

text: short

text: computer

text: program

text: and

text: indeed

text: in

text: some

text: more

text: complex

text: CPU

text: designs

text: there

text: is

text: another

text: yet

text: smaller

text: computer

text: called

text: a

text: microsequencer

text: which

text: runs

text: a

text: microcode

text: program

text: that

text: causes

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: events

text: to

text: happen

question: In some CPU designs there is tinier computer called what?

answer: microsequencer

text: microsequencer

question: A microsequencer can be found in what other computer component?

answer: CPU

text: CPU


text: West spent much of the late-1990s producing records for a number of well-known artists and music groups. The third song on Foxy Brown's second studio album Chyna Doll was produced by West. Her second effort subsequently became the very first hip-hop album by a female rapper to debut at the top of the U.S. Billboard 200 chart in its first week of release. West produced three of the tracks on Harlem World's first and only album The Movement alongside Jermaine Dupri and the production duo Trackmasters. His songs featured rappers Nas, Drag-On, and R&B singer Carl Thomas. The ninth track from World Party, the last Goodie Mob album to feature the rap group's four founding members prior to their break-up, was co-produced by West with his manager Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie. At the close of the millennium, West ended up producing six songs for Tell 'Em Why U Madd, an album that was released by D-Dot under the alias of The Madd Rapper; a fictional character he created for a skit on The Notorious B.I.G.'s second and final studio album Life After Death. West's songs featured guest appearances from rappers such as Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: spent

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: producing

text: records

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: well

text: known

text: artists

text: and

text: music

text: groups

text: The

text: third

text: song

text: on

text: Foxy

text: Brown

text: 's

text: second

text: studio

text: album

text: Chyna

text: Doll

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: West

text: Her

text: second

text: effort

text: subsequently

text: became

text: the

text: very

text: first

text: hip

text: hop

text: album

text: by

text: a

text: female

text: rapper

text: to

text: debut

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Billboard

text: chart

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: week

text: of

text: release

text: West

text: produced

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: tracks

text: on

text: Harlem

text: World

text: 's

text: first

text: and

text: only

text: album

text: The

text: Movement

text: alongside

text: Jermaine

text: Dupri

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: duo

text: Trackmasters

text: His

text: songs

text: featured

text: rappers

text: Nas

text: Drag

text: On

text: and

text: R&B

text: singer

text: Carl

text: Thomas

text: The

text: ninth

text: track

text: from

text: World

text: Party

text: the

text: last

text: Goodie

text: Mob

text: album

text: to

text: feature

text: the

text: rap

text: group

text: 's

text: four

text: founding

text: members

text: prior

text: to

text: their

text: break

text: up

text: was

text: co

text: produced

text: by

text: West

text: with

text: his

text: manager

text: Deric

text: D

text: Dot

text: Angelettie

text: At

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: the

text: millennium

text: West

text: ended

text: up

text: producing

text: six

text: songs

text: for

text: Tell

text: Em

text: Why

text: U

text: Madd

text: an

text: album

text: that

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: D

text: Dot

text: under

text: the

text: alias

text: of

text: The

text: Madd

text: Rapper

text: a

text: fictional

text: character

text: he

text: created

text: for

text: a

text: skit

text: on

text: The

text: Notorious

text: B.I.G.

text: 's

text: second

text: and

text: final

text: studio

text: album

text: Life

text: After

text: Death

text: West

text: 's

text: songs

text: featured

text: guest

text: appearances

text: from

text: rappers

text: such

text: as

text: Ma$e

text: Raekwon

text: and

text: Eminem

question: Kanye produced the third song from the second album of what artist?

answer: Foxy Brown

text: Foxy Brown

question: What rappers were featured in the songs that Kanye produced for Tell 'Em Why U Madd?

answer: Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem.

text: Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem.

question: Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for?

answer: Foxy Brown

text: Foxy Brown

question: What was the name of the CD produced by Kanye that was by a made-up character?

answer: Tell 'Em Why U Madd

text: Tell 'Em Why U Madd


text: Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments, since their home equity had disappeared. This caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate, ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Countrywide

text: sued

text: by

text: California

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Jerry

text: Brown

text: for

text: unfair

text: business

text: practices

text: and

text: false

text: advertising

text: was

text: making

text: high

text: cost

text: mortgages

text: to

text: homeowners

text: with

text: weak

text: credit

text: adjustable

text: rate

text: mortgages

text: ARMs

text: that

text: allowed

text: homeowners

text: to

text: make

text: interest

text: only

text: payments

text: When

text: housing

text: prices

text: decreased

text: homeowners

text: in

text: ARMs

text: then

text: had

text: little

text: incentive

text: to

text: pay

text: their

text: monthly

text: payments

text: since

text: their

text: home

text: equity

text: had

text: disappeared

text: This

text: caused

text: Countrywide

text: 's

text: financial

text: condition

text: to

text: deteriorate

text: ultimately

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: decision

text: by

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Thrift

text: Supervision

text: to

text: seize

text: the

text: lender

question: Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?

answer: California Attorney General Jerry Brown

text: California Attorney General Jerry Brown

question: What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments?

answer: adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)

text: adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)

question: What happened to home equity when housing prices decreased?

answer: disappeared

text: disappeared

question: Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated?

answer: Office of Thrift Supervision

text: Office of Thrift Supervision

question: What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have?

answer: weak credit

text: weak credit


text: In 2006, the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. was restructured and renamed New York City Global Partners. New York City has expanded its international outreach via this program to a network of cities worldwide, promoting the exchange of ideas and innovation between their citizenry and policymakers, according to the city's website. New York's historic sister cities are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: In

text: the

text: Sister

text: City

text: Program

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: Inc.

text: was

text: restructured

text: and

text: renamed

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Global

text: Partners

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: has

text: expanded

text: its

text: international

text: outreach

text: via

text: this

text: program

text: to

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: cities

text: worldwide

text: promoting

text: the

text: exchange

text: of

text: ideas

text: and

text: innovation

text: between

text: their

text: citizenry

text: and

text: policymakers

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: website

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: historic

text: sister

text: cities

text: are

text: denoted

text: below

text: by

text: the

text: year

text: they

text: joined

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: partnership

text: network

question: What is the new name of the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc.?

answer: New York City Global Partners

text: New York City Global Partners

question: In what year did the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. have its name changed?

answer: 2006


text: Wylie asserts that this type of censorship of the History of Ming distorts the true picture of the history of Sino-Tibetan relations, while the Ming court granted titles to various lamas regardless of their sectarian affiliations in an ongoing civil war in Tibet between competing Buddhist factions. Wylie argues that Ming titles of "King" granted indiscriminately to various Tibetan lamas or even their disciples should not be viewed as reappointments to earlier Yuan dynasty offices, since the viceregal Sakya regime established by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown by the Phagmodru myriarchy before the Ming existed.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Wylie

text: asserts

text: that

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: censorship

text: of

text: the

text: History

text: of

text: Ming

text: distorts

text: the

text: true

text: picture

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Sino

text: Tibetan

text: relations

text: while

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: granted

text: titles

text: to

text: various

text: lamas

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: sectarian

text: affiliations

text: in

text: an

text: ongoing

text: civil

text: war

text: in

text: Tibet

text: between

text: competing

text: Buddhist

text: factions

text: Wylie

text: argues

text: that

text: Ming

text: titles

text: of

text: King

text: granted

text: indiscriminately

text: to

text: various

text: Tibetan

text: lamas

text: or

text: even

text: their

text: disciples

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: reappointments

text: to

text: earlier

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: offices

text: since

text: the

text: viceregal

text: Sakya

text: regime

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Mongols

text: in

text: Tibet

text: was

text: overthrown

text: by

text: the

text: Phagmodru

text: myriarchy

text: before

text: the

text: Ming

text: existed

question: Regardless of their sectarian affiliations, who did the Ming grant titles to?

answer: various lamas

text: various lamas

question: Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by?

answer: the Phagmodru myriarchy

text: the Phagmodru myriarchy


text: Prizes are awarded on the results of trials (internal exams), GCSE and AS-levels. In addition, many subjects and activities have specially endowed prizes, several of which are awarded by visiting experts. The most prestigious is the Newcastle Scholarship, awarded on the strength of an examination, consisting of two papers in philosophical theology, moral theory and applied ethics. Also of note are the Gladstone Memorial Prize and the Coutts Prize, awarded on the results of trials and AS-level examinations in C; and the Huxley Prize, awarded for a project on a scientific subject. Other specialist prizes include the Newcastle Classical Prize; the Rosebery Exhibition for History; the Queen’s Prizes for French and German; the Duke of Newcastle’s Russian Prize; the Beddington Spanish Prize; the Strafford and Bowman Shakespeare Prizes; the Tomline and Russell Prizes in Mathematics; the Sotheby Prize for History of Art; the Waddington Prize for Theology and Philosophy; the Birley Prize for History; The Lower Boy Rosebery Prize and the Wilder Prize for Theology. Prizes are awarded too for excellence in such activities as painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Prizes

text: are

text: awarded

text: on

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: trials

text: internal

text: exams

text: GCSE

text: and

text: AS

text: levels

text: In

text: addition

text: many

text: subjects

text: and

text: activities

text: have

text: specially

text: endowed

text: prizes

text: several

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: awarded

text: by

text: visiting

text: experts

text: The

text: most

text: prestigious

text: is

text: the

text: Newcastle

text: Scholarship

text: awarded

text: on

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: an

text: examination

text: consisting

text: of

text: two

text: papers

text: in

text: philosophical

text: theology

text: moral

text: theory

text: and

text: applied

text: ethics

text: Also

text: of

text: note

text: are

text: the

text: Gladstone

text: Memorial

text: Prize

text: and

text: the

text: Coutts

text: Prize

text: awarded

text: on

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: trials

text: and

text: AS

text: level

text: examinations

text: in

text: C

text: and

text: the

text: Huxley

text: Prize

text: awarded

text: for

text: a

text: project

text: on

text: a

text: scientific

text: subject

text: Other

text: specialist

text: prizes

text: include

text: the

text: Newcastle

text: Classical

text: Prize

text: the

text: Rosebery

text: Exhibition

text: for

text: History

text: the

text: Queen

text: ’s

text: Prizes

text: for

text: French

text: and

text: German

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Newcastle

text: ’s

text: Russian

text: Prize

text: the

text: Beddington

text: Spanish

text: Prize

text: the

text: Strafford

text: and

text: Bowman

text: Shakespeare

text: Prizes

text: the

text: Tomline

text: and

text: Russell

text: Prizes

text: in

text: Mathematics

text: the

text: Sotheby

text: Prize

text: for

text: History

text: of

text: Art

text: the

text: Waddington

text: Prize

text: for

text: Theology

text: and

text: Philosophy

text: the

text: Birley

text: Prize

text: for

text: History

text: The

text: Lower

text: Boy

text: Rosebery

text: Prize

text: and

text: the

text: Wilder

text: Prize

text: for

text: Theology

text: Prizes

text: are

text: awarded

text: too

text: for

text: excellence

text: in

text: such

text: activities

text: as

text: painting

text: sculpture

text: ceramics

text: playing

text: musical

text: instruments

text: musical

text: composition

text: declamation

text: silverwork

text: and

text: design

question: For what is the Huxley prize awarded?

answer: a project on a scientific subject

text: a project on a scientific subject

question: Which two prizes are dedicated to mathematics?

answer: Tomline and Russell

text: Tomline and Russell

question: What artistic accomplishments can earn students a prize?

answer: painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design

text: painting, sculpture, ceramics, playing musical instruments, musical composition, declamation, silverwork, and design

question: Are trials considered internal or external exams?

answer: internal

text: internal

question: What are generally the hardest internal exams at Eton?

text: GCSE

question: What was the first prize to be awarded at Eton?

text: Gladstone Memorial Prize

question: What is the name of the prize for silverwork?

text: Huxley Prize

question: What is the prize for musical composition?

text: Sotheby Prize

question: What is the prize for design?

text: Coutts Prize


text: The above explanation is merely a simple introduction to vacuum pumping, and is not representative of the entire range of pumps in use. Many variations of the positive displacement pump have been developed, and many other pump designs rely on fundamentally different principles. Momentum transfer pumps, which bear some similarities to dynamic pumps used at higher pressures, can achieve much higher quality vacuums than positive displacement pumps. Entrapment pumps can capture gases in a solid or absorbed state, often with no moving parts, no seals and no vibration. None of these pumps are universal; each type has important performance limitations. They all share a difficulty in pumping low molecular weight gases, especially hydrogen, helium, and neon.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: The

text: above

text: explanation

text: is

text: merely

text: a

text: simple

text: introduction

text: to

text: vacuum

text: pumping

text: and

text: is

text: not

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: range

text: of

text: pumps

text: in

text: use

text: Many

text: variations

text: of

text: the

text: positive

text: displacement

text: pump

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: pump

text: designs

text: rely

text: on

text: fundamentally

text: different

text: principles

text: Momentum

text: transfer

text: pumps

text: which

text: bear

text: some

text: similarities

text: to

text: dynamic

text: pumps

text: used

text: at

text: higher

text: pressures

text: can

text: achieve

text: much

text: higher

text: quality

text: vacuums

text: than

text: positive

text: displacement

text: pumps

text: Entrapment

text: pumps

text: can

text: capture

text: gases

text: in

text: a

text: solid

text: or

text: absorbed

text: state

text: often

text: with

text: no

text: moving

text: parts

text: no

text: seals

text: and

text: no

text: vibration

text: of

text: these

text: pumps

text: are

text: universal

text: each

text: type

text: has

text: important

text: performance

text: limitations

text: They

text: all

text: share

text: a

text: difficulty

text: in

text: pumping

text: low

text: molecular

text: weight

text: gases

text: especially

text: hydrogen

text: helium

text: and

text: neon

question: What pump can capture gases in a solid or absorbed state?

answer: Entrapment pumps

text: Entrapment pumps

question: Entrapment pumps often work without seals, moving parts and what else?

answer: no vibration.

text: no vibration.

question: What pump has a higher quality vacuum than a positive displacement pump?

answer: Momentum transfer pumps

text: Momentum transfer pumps

question: What can positive displacement pumps achieve more than entrapment pumps?

text: much higher quality vacuums

question: What can momentum transfer pumps capture?

text: gases in a solid or absorbed state

question: Dynamic pumps often work without moving parts, seals and what?

text: vibration

question: What are entrapment pumps usually considered above all of the others?

text: universal

question: What other pump do entrapment pumps have similarities to?

text: dynamic pumps


text: The Transat AG2R Race, held every alternate year, is an event which originates in Concarneau in Brittany, France, reaching St. Barthélemy. It is a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment. Each boat is navigated by two sailors. Kitesurfing and other water sports have also become popular on the island in recent years, especially at Grand Cul-de-Sac beach (Baie de Grand Cul de Sac) for windy sports as kitesurfing and Saint Jean Beach ( Baie de Saint Jean), Lorient, Toiny and Anse des Cayes for surfing. Tennis is also popular on the island and it has several tennis clubs, Tennis Clube de Flamboyant in Grand Cul-de-Sac, AJOE Tennis Club in Orient and ASCO in Colombier.

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy

text: The

text: Transat

text: Race

text: held

text: every

text: alternate

text: year

text: is

text: an

text: event

text: which

text: originates

text: in

text: Concarneau

text: in

text: Brittany

text: France

text: reaching

text: St.

text: Barthélemy

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: boat

text: race

text: with

text: boats

text: of

text: m

text: length

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: hull

text: and

text: with

text: essential

text: safety

text: equipment

text: Each

text: boat

text: is

text: navigated

text: by

text: two

text: sailors

text: Kitesurfing

text: and

text: other

text: water

text: sports

text: have

text: also

text: become

text: popular

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: especially

text: at

text: Grand

text: Cul

text: de

text: Sac

text: beach

text: Baie

text: de

text: Grand

text: Cul

text: de

text: Sac

text: for

text: windy

text: sports

text: as

text: kitesurfing

text: and

text: Saint

text: Jean

text: Beach

text: Baie

text: de

text: Saint

text: Jean

text: Lorient

text: Toiny

text: and

text: Anse

text: des

text: Cayes

text: for

text: surfing

text: Tennis

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: several

text: tennis

text: clubs

text: Tennis

text: Clube

text: de

text: Flamboyant

text: in

text: Grand

text: Cul

text: de

text: Sac

text: AJOE

text: Tennis

text: Club

text: in

text: Orient

text: and

text: ASCO

text: in

text: Colombier

question: How often is the AG2R Race held?

answer: every alternate year

text: every alternate year

question: Where does the AG2R originate from?

answer: Concarneau

text: Concarneau

question: What type of vehicles participate in the AG2R Race?

answer: boats

text: boats

question: What is the size requirement for entry into the AG2R Race?

answer: 10 m

text: 10 m

question: How many people are in the vehicle for the AG2R Race?

answer: two

text: two

question: How long ago did the Transat AG2R Race begin?

text: recent years

question: On what part of St. Barthelemy does the Transat AG2R Race end?

text: Grand Cul-de-Sac

question: How long ago did the Tennis Clube de Flamboyant open its doors?

text: recent years

question: What tennis club is nearest to the Grand Cul-de-Sac beach?

text: Tennis Clube de Flamboyant


text: By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: Portugal

text: 's

text: fast

text: economic

text: growth

text: with

text: increasing

text: consumption

text: and

text: purchase

text: of

text: new

text: automobiles

text: set

text: the

text: priority

text: for

text: improvements

text: in

text: transportation

text: Again

text: in

text: the

text: after

text: joining

text: the

text: European

text: Economic

text: Community

text: the

text: country

text: built

text: many

text: new

text: motorways

text: Today

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: a

text: km

text: mi

text: road

text: network

text: of

text: which

text: almost

text: km

text: mi

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: system

text: of

text: motorways

text: Opened

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: motorway

text: which

text: linked

text: Lisbon

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Stadium

text: was

text: an

text: innovative

text: project

text: that

text: made

text: Portugal

text: among

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: motorway

text: this

text: roadway

text: eventually

text: became

text: the

text: Lisbon

text: Cascais

text: highway

text: or

text: But

text: although

text: a

text: few

text: other

text: tracts

text: were

text: created

text: around

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: only

text: after

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: that

text: large

text: scale

text: motorway

text: construction

text: was

text: implemented

text: In

text: Brisa

text: the

text: highway

text: concessionaire

text: was

text: founded

text: to

text: handle

text: the

text: management

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: regions

text: motorways

text: On

text: many

text: highways

text: toll

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: paid

text: see

text: Via

text: Verde

text: Vasco

text: da

text: Gama

text: bridge

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: bridge

text: in

text: Europe

question: What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's?

answer: fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles

text: fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles

question: After joining the European Economic Community in the 90's, what did Portugal begin building?

answer: new motorways

text: new motorways

question: How long is Portugal's total road network?

answer: 68,732 km (42,708 mi)

text: 68,732 km (42,708 mi)

question: In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal?

answer: 1944


text: Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet and "fill once more the political vacuum in that country." On the mass Mongol conversion to Tibetan Buddhism under Altan Khan, Laird writes that "the Chinese watched these developments with interest, though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists."

title: Sino

title: Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

text: Kolmaš

text: writes

text: that

text: as

text: the

text: Mongol

text: presence

text: in

text: Tibet

text: increased

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: Tibet

text: by

text: a

text: Mongol

text: leader

text: in

text: the

text: Ming

text: emperors

text: viewed

text: with

text: apparent

text: unconcern

text: these

text: developments

text: in

text: Tibet

text: He

text: adds

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: 's

text: lack

text: of

text: concern

text: for

text: Tibet

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: reasons

text: why

text: the

text: Mongols

text: pounced

text: on

text: the

text: chance

text: to

text: reclaim

text: their

text: old

text: vassal

text: of

text: Tibet

text: and

text: fill

text: once

text: more

text: the

text: political

text: vacuum

text: in

text: that

text: country

text: On

text: the

text: mass

text: Mongol

text: conversion

text: to

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: under

text: Altan

text: Khan

text: Laird

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Chinese

text: watched

text: these

text: developments

text: with

text: interest

text: though

text: few

text: Chinese

text: ever

text: became

text: devout

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhists

question: Who's presence increased in Tibet?

answer: the Mongols

text: the Mongols

question: What were the Mongols trying to reclaim?

answer: their old vassal of Tibet

text: their old vassal of Tibet

question: When did the conquest of Tibet reach its peak?

answer: 1642

question: Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet?

answer: the Ming court

text: the Ming court


text: The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: Palais

text: des

text: Papes

text: in

text: Avignon

text: is

text: the

text: best

text: complete

text: large

text: royal

text: palace

text: alongside

text: the

text: Royal

text: palace

text: of

text: Olite

text: built

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: for

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Navarre

text: The

text: Malbork

text: Castle

text: built

text: for

text: the

text: master

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: order

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: Brick

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: Partial

text: survivals

text: of

text: former

text: royal

text: residences

text: include

text: the

text: Doge

text: 's

text: Palace

text: of

text: Venice

text: the

text: Palau

text: de

text: la

text: Generalitat

text: in

text: Barcelona

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: for

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Aragon

text: or

text: the

text: famous

text: Conciergerie

text: former

text: palace

text: of

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: Paris

question: Who was the Royal palace of Olite built for?

answer: the kings of Navarre

text: the kings of Navarre

question: Who was the Malbork Castle built for?

answer: the master of the Teutonic order

text: the master of the Teutonic order

question: What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle an example of?

answer: Brick Gothic architecture

text: Brick Gothic architecture

question: What is the name of the royal residence built for the kings of France in Paris?

answer: the famous Conciergerie

text: the famous Conciergerie

question: When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona constructed?

answer: built in the 15th century

text: built in the 15th century

question: Who was the Royal palace of Olite pillaged for?

text: the kings of Navarre

question: Who was the Malbork Castle burned for?

text: the master of the Teutonic order

question: What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle a poor example of?

text: Brick Gothic architecture

question: When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona deconstructed?

text: the 15th century

question: What is the name of the special residence built for the citizens of France in Paris?

text: the famous Conciergerie


text: The cartridge media of the console is officially referred to as Game Pak in most Western regions, and as Cassette (カセット, Kasetto?) in Japan and parts of Latin America. While the SNES can address 128 Mbit,[f] only 117.75 Mbit are actually available for cartridge use. A fairly normal mapping could easily address up to 95 Mbit of ROM data (48 Mbit at FastROM speed) with 8 Mbit of battery-backed RAM. However, most available memory access controllers only support mappings of up to 32 Mbit. The largest games released (Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean) contain 48 Mbit of ROM data, while the smallest games contain only 2 Mbit.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: The

text: cartridge

text: media

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: is

text: officially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Game

text: Pak

text: in

text: most

text: Western

text: regions

text: and

text: as

text: Cassette

text: カセット

text: Kasetto

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Latin

text: America

text: While

text: the

text: SNES

text: can

text: address

text: Mbit,[f

text: only

text: Mbit

text: are

text: actually

text: available

text: for

text: cartridge

text: use

text: A

text: fairly

text: normal

text: mapping

text: could

text: easily

text: address

text: up

text: to

text: Mbit

text: of

text: ROM

text: data

text: Mbit

text: at

text: FastROM

text: speed

text: with

text: Mbit

text: of

text: battery

text: backed

text: RAM

text: However

text: most

text: available

text: memory

text: access

text: controllers

text: only

text: support

text: mappings

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: Mbit

text: The

text: largest

text: games

text: released

text: Tales

text: of

text: Phantasia

text: and

text: Star

text: Ocean

text: contain

text: Mbit

text: of

text: ROM

text: data

text: while

text: the

text: smallest

text: games

text: contain

text: only

text: Mbit

question: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in the US?

answer: Game Pak

text: Game Pak

question: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in Japan?

answer: Cassette

text: Cassette

question: How much data space can an SNES cartridge use?

answer: 117.75 Mbit

text: 117.75 Mbit

question: What were the largest SNES games?

answer: Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean

text: Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean

question: How much data do the smallest SNES games use?

answer: 2 Mbit

text: 2 Mbit

question: What is referred to as Cassette in Western regions?

text: The cartridge media of the console

question: What is referred to as Game Pak in Japan?

text: The cartridge media of the console

question: How much ROM data do Talesof Phantasia and Star Ocean have as the smallest games released?

text: 2 Mbit

question: What mappings do most Game Pak support in Japan?

text: mappings of up to 32 Mbit

question: How many Mbit of FastROM are contained in games from Latin America?

text: 2 Mbit


text: Due to the inter-communal ethnic tensions between 1963 and 1974, an island-wide census was regarded as impossible. Nevertheless, the Greek Cypriots conducted one in 1973, without the Turkish Cypriot populace. According to this census, the Greek Cypriot population was 482,000. One year later, in 1974, the Cypriot government's Department of Statistics and Research estimated the total population of Cyprus at 641,000; of whom 506,000 (78.9%) were Greeks, and 118,000 (18.4%) Turkish. After the partition of the island in 1974, Greeks conducted four more censuses: in 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001; these excluded the Turkish population which was resident in the northern part of the island.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: inter

text: communal

text: ethnic

text: tensions

text: between

text: and

text: an

text: island

text: wide

text: census

text: was

text: regarded

text: as

text: impossible

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: Greek

text: Cypriots

text: conducted

text: one

text: in

text: without

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Cypriot

text: populace

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: census

text: the

text: Greek

text: Cypriot

text: population

text: was

text: One

text: year

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: government

text: 's

text: Department

text: of

text: Statistics

text: and

text: Research

text: estimated

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Cyprus

text: at

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: Greeks

text: and

text: Turkish

text: After

text: the

text: partition

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: Greeks

text: conducted

text: four

text: more

text: censuses

text: in

text: and

text: these

text: excluded

text: the

text: Turkish

text: population

text: which

text: was

text: resident

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

question: What was the number of Greek Cypriots on Cyprus in 1973?

answer: 482,000

question: What did the Cypriot government find was the Greek population on Cyprus?

answer: 506,000 (78.9%)

text: 506,000 (78.9%)

question: What did the Cypriot government find was the Turkish population on Cyprus?

answer: 118,000 (18.4%)

text: 118,000 (18.4%)

question: In what years did the Greeks conduct extra censuses?

answer: 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001

text: 1976, 1982, 1992 and 2001

question: Who was excluded from the censuses conducted by the Greeks?

answer: the Turkish population

text: the Turkish population


text: What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up in rural areas would work on farms doing physical labour, working with animals, and selling crops. Of all the child workers, the most serious cases involved street children and trafficked children due to the physical and emotional abuse they endured by their employers. To address the issue of child labour, the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child Act was implemented in 1959. Yet due to poverty, lack of education and ignorance, the legal actions were not/are not wholly enforced or accepted in Africa.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: What

text: industries

text: children

text: work

text: in

text: depends

text: on

text: if

text: they

text: grew

text: up

text: in

text: a

text: rural

text: area

text: or

text: an

text: urban

text: area

text: Children

text: who

text: were

text: born

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: often

text: found

text: themselves

text: working

text: for

text: street

text: vendors

text: washing

text: cars

text: helping

text: in

text: construction

text: sites

text: weaving

text: clothing

text: and

text: sometimes

text: even

text: working

text: as

text: exotic

text: dancers

text: While

text: children

text: who

text: grew

text: up

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

text: would

text: work

text: on

text: farms

text: doing

text: physical

text: labour

text: working

text: with

text: animals

text: and

text: selling

text: crops

text: Of

text: all

text: the

text: child

text: workers

text: the

text: most

text: serious

text: cases

text: involved

text: street

text: children

text: and

text: trafficked

text: children

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: physical

text: and

text: emotional

text: abuse

text: they

text: endured

text: by

text: their

text: employers

text: To

text: address

text: the

text: issue

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Conventions

text: on

text: the

text: Rights

text: of

text: the

text: Child

text: Act

text: was

text: implemented

text: in

text: Yet

text: due

text: to

text: poverty

text: lack

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: ignorance

text: the

text: legal

text: actions

text: were

text: not

text: are

text: not

text: wholly

text: enforced

text: or

text: accepted

text: in

text: Africa

question: Where did children from urban areas primarily work?

answer: street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers

text: street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers

question: Where did children from rural areas work?

answer: farms

text: farms

question: When was the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child Act implemented?

answer: 1959

question: What was the most serious aftereffects of child labour?

answer: physical and emotional abuse

text: physical and emotional abuse


text: Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of "Five", which means "Failed". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of "Three Plus". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule "Abitur light". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from "underprivileged groups" and sneering at their performance was a "piece of impudence".

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: Comprehensive

text: schools

text: have

text: been

text: accused

text: of

text: grade

text: inflation

text: after

text: a

text: study

text: revealed

text: that

text: Gymnasium

text: senior

text: students

text: of

text: average

text: mathematical

text: ability

text: found

text: themselves

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: bottom

text: of

text: their

text: class

text: and

text: had

text: an

text: average

text: grade

text: of

text: Five

text: which

text: means

text: Failed

text: Gesamtschule

text: senior

text: students

text: of

text: average

text: mathematical

text: ability

text: found

text: themselves

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: half

text: of

text: their

text: class

text: and

text: had

text: an

text: average

text: grade

text: of

text: Three

text: Plus

text: When

text: a

text: central

text: Abitur

text: examination

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: it

text: was

text: revealed

text: that

text: Gesamtschule

text: students

text: did

text: worse

text: than

text: could

text: be

text: predicted

text: by

text: their

text: grades

text: or

text: class

text: rank

text: Barbara

text: Sommer

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: Union

text: Education

text: Minister

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: commented

text: that

text: Looking

text: at

text: the

text: performance

text: gap

text: between

text: comprehensives

text: and

text: the

text: Gymnasium

text: at

text: the

text: Abitur

text: central

text: examination

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: understand

text: why

text: the

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: of

text: Germany

text: wants

text: to

text: do

text: away

text: with

text: the

text: Gymnasium

text: The

text: comprehensives

text: do

text: not

text: help

text: students

text: achieve

text: I

text: am

text: sick

text: and

text: tired

text: of

text: the

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: blaming

text: their

text: problems

text: on

text: the

text: social

text: class

text: origins

text: of

text: their

text: students

text: What

text: kind

text: of

text: attitude

text: is

text: this

text: to

text: blame

text: their

text: own

text: students

text: She

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Abitur

text: awarded

text: by

text: the

text: Gymnasium

text: the

text: true

text: Abitur

text: and

text: the

text: Abitur

text: awarded

text: by

text: the

text: Gesamtschule

text: Abitur

text: light

text: As

text: a

text: reaction

text: Sigrid

text: Beer

text: Alliance

text: Greens

text: stated

text: that

text: comprehensives

text: were

text: structurally

text: discriminated

text: against

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: which

text: favoured

text: the

text: Gymnasiums

text: She

text: also

text: said

text: that

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: students

text: awarded

text: the

text: Abitur

text: by

text: the

text: comprehensives

text: came

text: from

text: underprivileged

text: groups

text: and

text: sneering

text: at

text: their

text: performance

text: was

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: impudence

question: What type of misconduct have comprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?

answer: grade inflation

text: grade inflation

question: Which German minister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?

answer: Barbara Sommer

text: Barbara Sommer

question: Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?

answer: Sigrid Beer

text: Sigrid Beer

question: Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?

answer: Christian Democratic Union

text: Christian Democratic Union

question: Which party does Sigrid Beer belong to?

answer: Alliance '90/The Greens

text: Alliance '90/The Greens

question: What type of misconduct have uncomprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?

text: grade inflation

question: Which German mWhich German minister criticized uncomprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?inister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?

text: Barbara Sommer

question: Which German politician defended uncomprehensive schools?

text: Sigrid Beer

question: Which party doesn't Barbara Sommer belong to?

text: Christian Democratic Union

question: Which party doesn't Sigrid Beer belong to?

text: Alliance '90/The Greens


text: The antiquity of this form of writing extends before the invention of paper around the year 100 in China. Note each palm leaf section was only several lines, written longitudinally across the leaf, and bound by twine to the other sections. The outer portion was decorated. The alphabets of Southeast Asia tended to be abugidas, until the arrival of the Europeans, who used words that also ended in consonants, not just vowels. Other forms of official documents, which did not use paper, included Javanese copperplate scrolls. This material would have been more durable than paper in the tropical climate of Southeast Asia.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: The

text: antiquity

text: of

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: writing

text: extends

text: before

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: paper

text: around

text: the

text: year

text: in

text: China

text: Note

text: each

text: palm

text: leaf

text: section

text: was

text: only

text: several

text: lines

text: written

text: longitudinally

text: across

text: the

text: leaf

text: and

text: bound

text: by

text: twine

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: sections

text: The

text: outer

text: portion

text: was

text: decorated

text: The

text: alphabets

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: abugidas

text: until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Europeans

text: who

text: used

text: words

text: that

text: also

text: ended

text: in

text: consonants

text: not

text: just

text: vowels

text: Other

text: forms

text: of

text: official

text: documents

text: which

text: did

text: not

text: use

text: paper

text: included

text: Javanese

text: copperplate

text: scrolls

text: This

text: material

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: more

text: durable

text: than

text: paper

text: in

text: the

text: tropical

text: climate

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

question: Which form of writing extended before the invention of paper?

answer: palm leaf

text: palm leaf

question: What were the alphabets of Southeast Asia?

answer: abugidas

text: abugidas

question: What other forms of writing materials were used during this period?

answer: copperplate scrolls

text: copperplate scrolls

question: In what direction were the writings on a palm leaf?

answer: longitudinally

text: longitudinally

question: The sections of the palm leafs were bound by what material?

answer: twine

text: twine

question: Whose writing dates to the invention of paper?

text: Southeast Asia

question: When was invented in the 1st century?

text: paper

question: What alphabets where domenent after the arrival of Europeans?

text: abugidas

question: Who only used words that ended in consenants?

text: Europeans

question: What direction was the writing on copper scrolls?

text: longitudinally


text: Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Its

text: average

text: annual

text: temperature

text: is

text: C

text: F

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: In

text: the

text: coldest

text: month

text: January

text: the

text: maximum

text: temperature

text: typically

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: the

text: minimum

text: temperature

text: typically

text: at

text: night

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: In

text: the

text: warmest

text: month

text: August

text: the

text: maximum

text: temperature

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: typically

text: ranges

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: about

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: Generally

text: temperatures

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: experienced

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: summer

text: last

text: about

text: months

text: from

text: April

text: to

text: November

text: March

text: is

text: transitional

text: the

text: temperature

text: often

text: exceeds

text: C

text: F

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: temperature

text: of

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: December

text: January

text: and

text: February

text: are

text: the

text: coldest

text: months

text: with

text: average

text: temperatures

text: around

text: C

text: F

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: and

text: C

text: F

text: at

text: night

text: Valencia

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: mildest

text: winters

text: in

text: Europe

text: owing

text: to

text: its

text: southern

text: location

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Foehn

text: phenomenon

text: The

text: January

text: average

text: is

text: comparable

text: to

text: temperatures

text: expected

text: for

text: May

text: and

text: September

text: in

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: of

text: northern

text: Europe

question: What is Valencia's average yearly temperature?

answer: 18.4 °C

text: 18.4 °C

question: Which month is the hottest in Valencia?

answer: August

text: August

question: Which month is the chilliest in Valencia?

answer: January

text: January

question: In northern Europe, which months have temperatures similar to Valencia's in January?

answer: May and September

text: May and September

question: What is the average maximum daytime temperature in August in Valencia?

answer: 28–34 °C

text: 28–34 °C


text: Several famous people have Ashkenazi as a surname, such as Vladimir Ashkenazy. However, most people with this surname hail from within Sephardic communities, particularly from the Syrian Jewish community. The Sephardic carriers of the surname would have some Ashkenazi ancestors since the surname was adopted by families who were initially of Ashkenazic origins who moved to Sephardi countries and joined those communities. Ashkenazi would be formally adopted as the family surname having started off as a nickname imposed by their adopted communities. Some have shortened the name to Ash.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Several

text: famous

text: people

text: have

text: Ashkenazi

text: as

text: a

text: surname

text: such

text: as

text: Vladimir

text: Ashkenazy

text: However

text: most

text: people

text: with

text: this

text: surname

text: hail

text: from

text: within

text: Sephardic

text: communities

text: particularly

text: from

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Jewish

text: community

text: The

text: Sephardic

text: carriers

text: of

text: the

text: surname

text: would

text: have

text: some

text: Ashkenazi

text: ancestors

text: since

text: the

text: surname

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: families

text: who

text: were

text: initially

text: of

text: Ashkenazic

text: origins

text: who

text: moved

text: to

text: Sephardi

text: countries

text: and

text: joined

text: those

text: communities

text: Ashkenazi

text: would

text: be

text: formally

text: adopted

text: as

text: the

text: family

text: surname

text: having

text: started

text: off

text: as

text: a

text: nickname

text: imposed

text: by

text: their

text: adopted

text: communities

text: Some

text: have

text: shortened

text: the

text: name

text: to

text: Ash

question: Most people with the surname Ashkenazi, hail from which particular community?

answer: Syrian Jewish community

text: Syrian Jewish community

question: Some people with the surname shorten it to what?

answer: Ash

text: Ash

question: What famous person is mentioned as having the surname Ashkenazi?

answer: Vladimir Ashkenazy

text: Vladimir Ashkenazy


text: The traditional New York area accent is characterized as non-rhotic, so that the sound [ɹ] does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant; hence the pronunciation of the city name as "New Yawk." There is no [ɹ] in words like park [pɑək] or [pɒək] (with vowel backed and diphthongized due to the low-back chain shift), butter [bʌɾə], or here [hiə]. In another feature called the low back chain shift, the [ɔ] vowel sound of words like talk, law, cross, chocolate, and coffee and the often homophonous [ɔr] in core and more are tensed and usually raised more than in General American. In the most old-fashioned and extreme versions of the New York dialect, the vowel sounds of words like "girl" and of words like "oil" became a diphthong [ɜɪ]. This would often be misperceived by speakers of other accents as a reversal of the er and oy sounds, so that girl is pronounced "goil" and oil is pronounced "erl"; this leads to the caricature of New Yorkers saying things like "Joizey" (Jersey), "Toidy-Toid Street" (33rd St.) and "terlet" (toilet). The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family (played by Carroll O'Connor) was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech, which continues to fade in its overall presence.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: traditional

text: New

text: York

text: area

text: accent

text: is

text: characterized

text: as

text: non

text: rhotic

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: sound

text: ɹ

text: does

text: not

text: appear

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: syllable

text: or

text: immediately

text: before

text: a

text: consonant

text: hence

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: name

text: as

text: New

text: Yawk

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: ɹ

text: in

text: words

text: like

text: park

text: pɑək

text: or

text: pɒək

text: with

text: vowel

text: backed

text: and

text: diphthongized

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: low

text: back

text: chain

text: shift

text: butter

text: bʌɾə

text: or

text: here

text: hiə

text: In

text: another

text: feature

text: called

text: the

text: low

text: back

text: chain

text: shift

text: the

text: ɔ

text: vowel

text: sound

text: of

text: words

text: like

text: talk

text: law

text: cross

text: chocolate

text: and

text: coffee

text: and

text: the

text: often

text: homophonous

text: ɔr

text: in

text: core

text: and

text: more

text: are

text: tensed

text: and

text: usually

text: raised

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: General

text: American

text: In

text: the

text: most

text: old

text: fashioned

text: and

text: extreme

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: dialect

text: the

text: vowel

text: sounds

text: of

text: words

text: like

text: girl

text: and

text: of

text: words

text: like

text: oil

text: became

text: a

text: diphthong

text: ɜɪ

text: This

text: would

text: often

text: be

text: misperceived

text: by

text: speakers

text: of

text: other

text: accents

text: as

text: a

text: reversal

text: of

text: the

text: er

text: and

text: oy

text: sounds

text: so

text: that

text: girl

text: is

text: pronounced

text: goil

text: and

text: oil

text: is

text: pronounced

text: erl

text: this

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: caricature

text: of

text: New

text: Yorkers

text: saying

text: things

text: like

text: Joizey

text: Jersey

text: Toidy

text: Toid

text: Street

text: St.

text: and

text: terlet

text: toilet

text: The

text: character

text: Archie

text: Bunker

text: from

text: the

text: sitcom

text: All

text: in

text: the

text: Family

text: played

text: by

text: Carroll

text: O'Connor

text: was

text: a

text: notable

text: example

text: of

text: having

text: used

text: this

text: pattern

text: of

text: speech

text: which

text: continues

text: to

text: fade

text: in

text: its

text: overall

text: presence

question: What sitcom did the Archie Bunker character feature in?

answer: All in the Family

text: All in the Family

question: What actor performed the role of Archie Bunker?

answer: Carroll O'Connor

text: Carroll O'Connor

question: What is the transliteration of the way in which New Yorkers are perceived to pronounce the name of their city?

answer: New Yawk

text: New Yawk


text: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: has

text: been

text: discussed

text: as

text: a

text: potential

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: a

text: status

text: referendum

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: voters

text: expressed

text: dissatisfaction

text: with

text: the

text: current

text: political

text: relationship

text: In

text: a

text: separate

text: question

text: of

text: voters

text: supported

text: statehood

text: excluding

text: the

text: of

text: voters

text: who

text: left

text: this

text: question

text: blank

text: On

text: December

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: 's

text: legislature

text: resolved

text: to

text: request

text: that

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Congress

text: act

text: on

text: the

text: results

text: end

text: the

text: current

text: form

text: of

text: territorial

text: status

text: and

text: begin

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: admitting

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: to

text: the

text: Union

text: as

text: a

text: state

question: What country has been regarded as a potential new addition to the United States?

answer: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States

text: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States

question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current political relationship?

answer: 54%

question: What percentage of voters supported statehood?

answer: 61%

question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that the United States act on these results?

answer: December 11, 2012

text: December 11, 2012

question: What would be an ideal reaction from the United States, according to Puerto Rico?

answer: end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state

text: end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state

question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to the United States?

answer: Puerto Rico

text: Puerto Rico

question: What percentages of voters expressed unhappiness with the current political relationship between the U.S. and Puerto Rico?

answer: 54%

question: When did the legislature of Puerto Rico request that they be considered for statehood?

answer: December 11, 2012

text: December 11, 2012

question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current territorial relationship?

question: What percentage of voters supported Congress?

question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that voters act on these results?

text: December 11, 2012

question: What would be an ideal reaction from voters, according to Peurto Rico?

question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to Canada?

text: Puerto Rico


text: Meanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadãn; in 1024 the former captured Hamadan and its towns, expelling the Tajik mercenaries. When the storm had passed, Ibn Sina returned with the emir to Hamadan, and carried on his literary labors. Later, however, accompanied by his brother, a favorite pupil, and two slaves, Ibn Sina escaped from the city in the dress of a Sufi ascetic. After a perilous journey, they reached Isfahan, receiving an honorable welcome from the prince.

title: Avicenna

title: Avicenna

text: Meanwhile

text: he

text: had

text: written

text: to

text: Abu

text: Ya'far

text: the

text: prefect

text: of

text: the

text: dynamic

text: city

text: of

text: Isfahan

text: offering

text: his

text: services

text: The

text: new

text: emir

text: of

text: Hamadan

text: hearing

text: of

text: this

text: correspondence

text: and

text: discovering

text: where

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: was

text: hiding

text: incarcerated

text: him

text: in

text: a

text: fortress

text: War

text: meanwhile

text: continued

text: between

text: the

text: rulers

text: of

text: Isfahan

text: and

text: Hamadãn

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: captured

text: Hamadan

text: and

text: its

text: towns

text: expelling

text: the

text: Tajik

text: mercenaries

text: When

text: the

text: storm

text: had

text: passed

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: returned

text: with

text: the

text: emir

text: to

text: Hamadan

text: and

text: carried

text: on

text: his

text: literary

text: labors

text: Later

text: however

text: accompanied

text: by

text: his

text: brother

text: a

text: favorite

text: pupil

text: and

text: two

text: slaves

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: escaped

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: dress

text: of

text: a

text: Sufi

text: ascetic

text: After

text: a

text: perilous

text: journey

text: they

text: reached

text: Isfahan

text: receiving

text: an

text: honorable

text: welcome

text: from

text: the

text: prince

question: Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee to after Hamadan?

answer: city of Isfahan

text: city of Isfahan

question: What two cities were at war during this time?

answer: Isfahan and Hamadãn

text: Isfahan and Hamadãn

question: What year did Isfahan gain victory over Hamadan?

answer: 1024

question: What mercenaries were expelled after Isfahan's victory over Hamadan?

answer: the Tajik

text: the Tajik

question: How did Ibn Sina escape from Hamadan?

answer: in the dress of a Sufi ascetic

text: in the dress of a Sufi ascetic

question: What prefect wrote to Ibn Sani offering him a position?

text: Abu Ya'far

question: What did Abu Ya'far do when he found out where Ibn Sani was hiding?

text: incarcerated him in a fortress

question: What was captured in the 10th century?

text: Hamadan and its towns

question: Who was given an honorable welcome in Hamadan?

text: Ibn Sina

question: What mercenaries captured Hamadan in the 10th century?

text: Tajik mercenaries

question: Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee from after Hamadan?

text: Isfahan

question: What two cities were at peace during this time?

text: Isfahan and Hamadãn

question: What year did Isfahan lose to Hamadan?

question: What mercenaries were accepted after Isfahan's victory over Hamadan?

text: the Tajik

question: How did Ibn Sina escape from Ramadan?

text: in the dress of a Sufi ascetic


text: During the English Civil War Plymouth sided with the Parliamentarians and was besieged for almost four years by the Royalists. The last major attack by the Royalist was by Sir Richard Grenville leading thousands of soldiers towards Plymouth, but they were defeated by the Plymothians at Freedom Fields Park. The civil war ended as a Parliamentary win, but monarchy was restored by King Charles II in 1660, who imprisoned many of the Parliamentary heroes on Drake's Island. Construction of the Royal Citadel began in 1665, after the Restoration; it was armed with cannon facing both out to sea and into the town, rumoured to be a reminder to residents not to oppose the Crown. Mount Batten tower also dates from around this time.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: During

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: Plymouth

text: sided

text: with

text: the

text: Parliamentarians

text: and

text: was

text: besieged

text: for

text: almost

text: four

text: years

text: by

text: the

text: Royalists

text: The

text: last

text: major

text: attack

text: by

text: the

text: Royalist

text: was

text: by

text: Sir

text: Richard

text: Grenville

text: leading

text: thousands

text: of

text: soldiers

text: towards

text: Plymouth

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Plymothians

text: at

text: Freedom

text: Fields

text: Park

text: The

text: civil

text: war

text: ended

text: as

text: a

text: Parliamentary

text: win

text: but

text: monarchy

text: was

text: restored

text: by

text: King

text: Charles

text: II

text: in

text: who

text: imprisoned

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Parliamentary

text: heroes

text: on

text: Drake

text: 's

text: Island

text: Construction

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Citadel

text: began

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: Restoration

text: it

text: was

text: armed

text: with

text: cannon

text: facing

text: both

text: out

text: to

text: sea

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: town

text: rumoured

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: reminder

text: to

text: residents

text: not

text: to

text: oppose

text: the

text: Crown

text: Mount

text: Batten

text: tower

text: also

text: dates

text: from

text: around

text: this

text: time

question: Which faction did Plymouth support during the English Civil War?

answer: Parliamentarians

text: Parliamentarians

question: For how many years was Plymouth under siege during the English Civil War?

answer: four

text: four

question: Where did the last battle for Plymouth during the English Civil War end?

answer: Freedom Fields Park

text: Freedom Fields Park

question: In what year did Charles II ascend to the throne?

answer: 1660

question: What locale was used to house imprisoned Parliamentarians after the restoration of Charles II?

answer: Drake's Island

text: Drake's Island


text: Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, "The Charge of the Light Brigade." Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Cardigan

text: formed

text: up

text: his

text: unit

text: and

text: charged

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Balaclava

text: under

text: fire

text: from

text: Russian

text: batteries

text: in

text: the

text: hills

text: The

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: caused

text: casualties

text: of

text: the

text: unit

text: The

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: was

text: memorialized

text: in

text: the

text: famous

text: poem

text: by

text: Alfred

text: Lord

text: Tennyson

text: The

text: Charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: Although

text: traditionally

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: was

text: looked

text: upon

text: as

text: a

text: glorious

text: but

text: wasted

text: sacrifice

text: of

text: good

text: men

text: and

text: horses

text: recent

text: historians

text: say

text: that

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: did

text: succeed

text: in

text: at

text: least

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: objectives

text: The

text: aim

text: of

text: any

text: cavalry

text: charge

text: is

text: to

text: scatter

text: the

text: enemy

text: lines

text: and

text: frighten

text: the

text: enemy

text: off

text: the

text: battlefield

text: The

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

text: Brigade

text: had

text: so

text: unnerved

text: the

text: Russian

text: cavalry

text: which

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: routed

text: by

text: the

text: Heavy

text: Brigade

text: that

text: the

text: Russian

text: Cavalry

text: was

text: set

text: to

text: full

text: scale

text: flight

text: by

text: the

text: subsequent

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Light

question: Who led the charge on the Valley of Balaclava?

answer: Cardigan

text: Cardigan

question: Who was Cardigan under fire from when advancing on the Valley of Balaclava?

answer: Russian batteries

text: Russian batteries

question: How many people did Cardigan lose during the Light Brigade?

answer: 278

question: Who wrote the famous poem about the Light Brigade?

answer: Alfred Lord Tennyson

text: Alfred Lord Tennyson

question: What was the name of the poem that memorialized the Light Brigade?

answer: The Charge of the Light Brigade

text: The Charge of the Light Brigade


text: Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host. An example of the former is the anaerobic bacteria species, which colonizes the mammalian colon, and an example of the latter is various species of staphylococcus that exist on human skin. Neither of these colonizations are considered infections. The difference between an infection and a colonization is often only a matter of circumstance. Non-pathogenic organisms can become pathogenic given specific conditions, and even the most virulent organism requires certain circumstances to cause a compromising infection. Some colonizing bacteria, such as Corynebacteria sp. and viridans streptococci, prevent the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria and thus have a symbiotic relationship with the host, preventing infection and speeding wound healing.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Wound

text: colonization

text: refers

text: to

text: nonreplicating

text: microorganisms

text: within

text: the

text: wound

text: while

text: in

text: infected

text: wounds

text: replicating

text: organisms

text: exist

text: and

text: tissue

text: is

text: injured

text: All

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: colonized

text: to

text: some

text: degree

text: by

text: extrinsic

text: organisms

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: these

text: exist

text: in

text: either

text: a

text: mutualistic

text: or

text: commensal

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: is

text: the

text: anaerobic

text: bacteria

text: species

text: which

text: colonizes

text: the

text: mammalian

text: colon

text: and

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: various

text: species

text: of

text: staphylococcus

text: that

text: exist

text: on

text: human

text: skin

text: Neither

text: of

text: these

text: colonizations

text: are

text: considered

text: infections

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: an

text: infection

text: and

text: a

text: colonization

text: is

text: often

text: only

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: circumstance

text: Non

text: pathogenic

text: organisms

text: can

text: become

text: pathogenic

text: given

text: specific

text: conditions

text: and

text: even

text: the

text: most

text: virulent

text: organism

text: requires

text: certain

text: circumstances

text: to

text: cause

text: a

text: compromising

text: infection

text: Some

text: colonizing

text: bacteria

text: such

text: as

text: Corynebacteria

text: sp

text: and

text: viridans

text: streptococci

text: prevent

text: the

text: adhesion

text: and

text: colonization

text: of

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: and

text: thus

text: have

text: a

text: symbiotic

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: preventing

text: infection

text: and

text: speeding

text: wound

text: healing

question: What does wound colonization refer to?

answer: nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound

text: nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound

question: What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds?

answer: replicating

text: replicating

question: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?

answer: extrinsic organisms

text: extrinsic organisms

question: What species colonizes the mammalian colon?

answer: anaerobic bacteria

text: anaerobic bacteria

question: What's the difference between an infection and a colonization?

answer: only a matter of circumstance

text: only a matter of circumstance

question: What does wound colonization mean to avoid?

question: What are few multicellular organisms colonized to some degree by?

text: extrinsic organisms

question: What type of organisms tickle and heal tissue in infected wounds?

text: replicating

question: What's the only similarity between an infection and a colonization?

text: only a matter of circumstance

question: What rodent colonizes the mammalian colon?

text: anaerobic bacteria


text: The last glacial period of the current ice age ended about 10,000 years ago. Ice melt caused world sea levels to rise about 35 metres (115 ft) in the early part of the Holocene. In addition, many areas above about 40 degrees north latitude had been depressed by the weight of the Pleistocene glaciers and rose as much as 180 metres (591 ft) over the late Pleistocene and Holocene, and are still rising today. The sea level rise and temporary land depression allowed temporary marine incursions into areas that are now far from the sea. Holocene marine fossils are known from Vermont, Quebec, Ontario and Michigan. Other than higher latitude temporary marine incursions associated with glacial depression, Holocene fossils are found primarily in lakebed, floodplain and cave deposits. Holocene marine deposits along low-latitude coastlines are rare because the rise in sea levels during the period exceeds any likely upthrusting of non-glacial origin. Post-glacial rebound in Scandinavia resulted in the emergence of coastal areas around the Baltic Sea, including much of Finland. The region continues to rise, still causing weak earthquakes across Northern Europe. The equivalent event in North America was the rebound of Hudson Bay, as it shrank from its larger, immediate post-glacial Tyrrell Sea phase, to near its present boundaries.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: The

text: last

text: glacial

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: ice

text: age

text: ended

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: Ice

text: melt

text: caused

text: world

text: sea

text: levels

text: to

text: rise

text: about

text: metres

text: ft

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Holocene

text: In

text: addition

text: many

text: areas

text: above

text: about

text: degrees

text: north

text: latitude

text: had

text: been

text: depressed

text: by

text: the

text: weight

text: of

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: glaciers

text: and

text: rose

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: metres

text: ft

text: over

text: the

text: late

text: Pleistocene

text: and

text: Holocene

text: and

text: are

text: still

text: rising

text: today

text: The

text: sea

text: level

text: rise

text: and

text: temporary

text: land

text: depression

text: allowed

text: temporary

text: marine

text: incursions

text: into

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: now

text: far

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: Holocene

text: marine

text: fossils

text: are

text: known

text: from

text: Vermont

text: Quebec

text: Ontario

text: and

text: Michigan

text: Other

text: than

text: higher

text: latitude

text: temporary

text: marine

text: incursions

text: associated

text: with

text: glacial

text: depression

text: Holocene

text: fossils

text: are

text: found

text: primarily

text: in

text: lakebed

text: floodplain

text: and

text: cave

text: deposits

text: Holocene

text: marine

text: deposits

text: along

text: low

text: latitude

text: coastlines

text: are

text: rare

text: because

text: the

text: rise

text: in

text: sea

text: levels

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: exceeds

text: any

text: likely

text: upthrusting

text: of

text: non

text: glacial

text: origin

text: Post

text: glacial

text: rebound

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: coastal

text: areas

text: around

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: including

text: much

text: of

text: Finland

text: The

text: region

text: continues

text: to

text: rise

text: still

text: causing

text: weak

text: earthquakes

text: across

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: The

text: equivalent

text: event

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: was

text: the

text: rebound

text: of

text: Hudson

text: Bay

text: as

text: it

text: shrank

text: from

text: its

text: larger

text: immediate

text: post

text: glacial

text: Tyrrell

text: Sea

text: phase

text: to

text: near

text: its

text: present

text: boundaries

question: How long ago did the last glacial period end?

answer: about 10,000 years ago

text: about 10,000 years ago

question: By what height did sea levels rise at the end of the last glacial period?

answer: 35 metres (115 ft)

text: 35 metres (115 ft)

question: During what period did sea levels rice 115 feet?

answer: Holocene

text: Holocene

question: Glaciars from what period depressed the height of northern lands by 591 feet?

answer: Pleistocene

text: Pleistocene

question: What sea did the Hudson Bay used to be a part of?

answer: Tyrrell Sea

text: Tyrrell Sea

question: When did the last glacial period begin?

text: 10,000 years ago.

question: What caused sea levelsw to rise 115 meters?

text: Ice melt

question: During what period did the height of the northern lands rise 591 feet?

text: the late Pleistocene and Holocene

question: What sea is the Hudson Bay part of?

text: Tyrrell Sea


text: Following the end of World War II the educational gap between White and Black Americans was widened by Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill. This piece of legislation paved the way for white GIs to attend college. Despite their veteran status returning black servicemen were not afforded loans at the same rate as whites. Furthermore, at the time of its introduction, segregation was still the law of the land barring blacks from the best institutions. Overall, "Nearly 8 million servicemen and servicewomen were educated under the provisions of the GI Bill after World War II. But for blacks, higher educational opportunities were so few that the promise of the GI Bill went largely unfulfilled."

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: educational

text: gap

text: between

text: White

text: and

text: Black

text: Americans

text: was

text: widened

text: by

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: GI

text: Bill

text: This

text: piece

text: of

text: legislation

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: white

text: GIs

text: to

text: attend

text: college

text: Despite

text: their

text: veteran

text: status

text: returning

text: black

text: servicemen

text: were

text: not

text: afforded

text: loans

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: rate

text: as

text: whites

text: Furthermore

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: introduction

text: segregation

text: was

text: still

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: barring

text: blacks

text: from

text: the

text: best

text: institutions

text: Overall

text: Nearly

text: million

text: servicemen

text: and

text: servicewomen

text: were

text: educated

text: under

text: the

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: GI

text: Bill

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: But

text: for

text: blacks

text: higher

text: educational

text: opportunities

text: were

text: so

text: few

text: that

text: the

text: promise

text: of

text: the

text: GI

text: Bill

text: went

text: largely

text: unfulfilled

question: What major event preceded the growth of the divide in education between White and Black Americans?

answer: end of World War II

text: end of World War II

question: What was considered to be a major cause of the increase in educational gap?

answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill

question: What did returning black veterans not receive?

answer: loans at the same rate as whites

text: loans at the same rate as whites

question: How many servicemen and women were educated as a result of the GI Bill?

answer: Nearly 8 million

text: Nearly 8 million

question: What opportunities were few for black veterans?

answer: higher educational

text: higher educational

question: What major event preceded the growth of the divide in education between White and Asian Americans?

text: World War II

question: What was not considered to be a major cause of the increase in educational gap?

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower's GI Bill

question: What did returning white veterans not receive?

text: loans at the same rate as whites

question: How many servicemen and women weren't educated as a result of the GI Bill?

text: 8 million

question: What opportunities were few for hispanic veterans?

text: higher educational opportunities


text: Protestants also took the initiative in advocating for religious freedom. Freedom of conscience had high priority on the theological, philosophical, and political agendas since Luther refused to recant his beliefs before the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms (1521). In his view, faith was a free work of the Holy Spirit and could, therefore, not be forced on a person. The persecuted Anabaptists and Huguenots demanded freedom of conscience, and they practised separation of church and state. In the early seventeenth century, Baptists like John Smyth and Thomas Helwys published tracts in defense of religious freedom. Their thinking influenced John Milton and John Locke's stance on tolerance. Under the leadership of Baptist Roger Williams, Congregationalist Thomas Hooker, and Quaker William Penn, respectively, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania combined democratic constitutions with freedom of religion. These colonies became safe havens for persecuted religious minorities, including Jews. The United States Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the American Bill of Rights with its fundamental human rights made this tradition permanent by giving it a legal and political framework. The great majority of American Protestants, both clergy and laity, strongly supported the independence movement. All major Protestant churches were represented in the First and Second Continental Congresses. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the American democracy became a model for numerous other countries and regions throughout the world (e.g., Latin America, Japan, and Germany). The strongest link between the American and French Revolutions was Marquis de Lafayette, an ardent supporter of the American constitutional principles. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was mainly based on Lafayette's draft of this document. The United Nations Declaration and Universal Declaration of Human Rights also echo the American constitutional tradition.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Protestants

text: also

text: took

text: the

text: initiative

text: in

text: advocating

text: for

text: religious

text: freedom

text: Freedom

text: of

text: conscience

text: had

text: high

text: priority

text: on

text: the

text: theological

text: philosophical

text: and

text: political

text: agendas

text: since

text: Luther

text: refused

text: to

text: recant

text: his

text: beliefs

text: before

text: the

text: Diet

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: at

text: Worms

text: In

text: his

text: view

text: faith

text: was

text: a

text: free

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: and

text: could

text: therefore

text: not

text: be

text: forced

text: on

text: a

text: person

text: The

text: persecuted

text: Anabaptists

text: and

text: Huguenots

text: demanded

text: freedom

text: of

text: conscience

text: and

text: they

text: practised

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: seventeenth

text: century

text: Baptists

text: like

text: John

text: Smyth

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Helwys

text: published

text: tracts

text: in

text: defense

text: of

text: religious

text: freedom

text: Their

text: thinking

text: influenced

text: John

text: Milton

text: and

text: John

text: Locke

text: 's

text: stance

text: on

text: tolerance

text: Under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Baptist

text: Roger

text: Williams

text: Congregationalist

text: Thomas

text: Hooker

text: and

text: Quaker

text: William

text: Penn

text: respectively

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: Pennsylvania

text: combined

text: democratic

text: constitutions

text: with

text: freedom

text: of

text: religion

text: These

text: colonies

text: became

text: safe

text: havens

text: for

text: persecuted

text: religious

text: minorities

text: including

text: Jews

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

text: with

text: its

text: fundamental

text: human

text: rights

text: made

text: this

text: tradition

text: permanent

text: by

text: giving

text: it

text: a

text: legal

text: and

text: political

text: framework

text: The

text: great

text: majority

text: of

text: American

text: Protestants

text: both

text: clergy

text: and

text: laity

text: strongly

text: supported

text: the

text: independence

text: movement

text: All

text: major

text: Protestant

text: churches

text: were

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congresses

text: In

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: and

text: twentieth

text: centuries

text: the

text: American

text: democracy

text: became

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: numerous

text: other

text: countries

text: and

text: regions

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: e.g.

text: Latin

text: America

text: Japan

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: strongest

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: American

text: and

text: French

text: Revolutions

text: was

text: Marquis

text: de

text: Lafayette

text: an

text: ardent

text: supporter

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: constitutional

text: principles

text: The

text: French

text: Declaration

text: of

text: the

text: Rights

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Citizen

text: was

text: mainly

text: based

text: on

text: Lafayette

text: 's

text: draft

text: of

text: this

text: document

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Declaration

text: and

text: Universal

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Human

text: Rights

text: also

text: echo

text: the

text: American

text: constitutional

text: tradition

question: What group initiated the right to religious freedom?

answer: Protestants

text: Protestants

question: Where did Luther refuse to change his beliefs?

answer: Worms

text: Worms

question: What persecuted groups followed the separation of church and state?

answer: Anabaptists and Huguenots

text: Anabaptists and Huguenots

question: Who wrote about religious freedom in the early 17th century?

answer: John Smyth and Thomas Helwys

text: John Smyth and Thomas Helwys

question: How many American Protestants supported independence in America?

answer: The great majority

text: The great majority