text: Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

title: Germans

title: Germans

text: Persons

text: who

text: speak

text: German

text: as

text: their

text: first

text: language

text: look

text: German

text: and

text: whose

text: families

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: Germany

text: for

text: generations

text: are

text: considered

text: most

text: German

text: followed

text: by

text: categories

text: of

text: diminishing

text: Germanness

text: such

text: as

text: Aussiedler

text: people

text: of

text: German

text: ancestry

text: whose

text: families

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: but

text: who

text: have

text: returned

text: to

text: Germany

text: Restdeutsche

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: lands

text: that

text: have

text: historically

text: belonged

text: to

text: Germany

text: but

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: outside

text: of

text: Germany

text: Auswanderer

text: people

text: whose

text: families

text: have

text: emigrated

text: from

text: Germany

text: and

text: who

text: still

text: speak

text: German

text: German

text: speakers

text: in

text: German

text: speaking

text: nations

text: such

text: as

text: Austrians

text: and

text: finally

text: people

text: of

text: German

text: emigrant

text: background

text: who

text: no

text: longer

text: speak

text: German

question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider?

answer: most German

text: most German

question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?

answer: Aussiedler

text: Aussiedler

question: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?

answer: Restdeutsche

text: Restdeutsche

question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?

answer: Auswanderer

text: Auswanderer

question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?

answer: most German

text: most German

question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?

answer: Aussiedler

text: Aussiedler

question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?

answer: Restdeutsche

text: Restdeutsche

question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?

answer: Auswanderer

text: Auswanderer

question: Who are people of German ancestry living in western Europe?

text: Aussiedler

question: What is the term for people who's families emigrated from Germany and may or may not still speak German?

text: Auswanderer

question: Restdeutsche live in lands that where never part of what?

text: Germany

question: What are all people who's first language is German called?

text: "most German"


text: Colossus was the world's first electronic digital programmable computer. It used a large number of valves (vacuum tubes). It had paper-tape input and was capable of being configured to perform a variety of boolean logical operations on its data, but it was not Turing-complete. Nine Mk II Colossi were built (The Mk I was converted to a Mk II making ten machines in total). Colossus Mark I contained 1500 thermionic valves (tubes), but Mark II with 2400 valves, was both 5 times faster and simpler to operate than Mark 1, greatly speeding the decoding process.

title: Computer

title: Computer

text: Colossus

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: electronic

text: digital

text: programmable

text: computer

text: It

text: used

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: valves

text: vacuum

text: tubes

text: It

text: had

text: paper

text: tape

text: input

text: and

text: was

text: capable

text: of

text: being

text: configured

text: to

text: perform

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: boolean

text: logical

text: operations

text: on

text: its

text: data

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: Turing

text: complete

text: Nine

text: Mk

text: II

text: Colossi

text: were

text: built

text: The

text: Mk

text: I

text: was

text: converted

text: to

text: a

text: Mk

text: II

text: making

text: ten

text: machines

text: in

text: total

text: Colossus

text: Mark

text: I

text: contained

text: thermionic

text: valves

text: tubes

text: but

text: Mark

text: II

text: with

text: valves

text: was

text: both

text: times

text: faster

text: and

text: simpler

text: to

text: operate

text: than

text: Mark

text: greatly

text: speeding

text: the

text: decoding

text: process

question: What was the first electronic digital programmable computer in the world?

answer: Colossus

text: Colossus

question: How many vacuum tubes did the Colossus Mark I contain?

answer: 1500 thermionic valves (tubes)

text: 1500 thermionic valves (tubes)

question: How many tubes did Colossus Mark II contain?

answer: 2400


text: Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food. The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat. Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma, and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation, with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: host

text: to

text: a

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: sectors

text: including

text: aviation

text: energy

text: transportation

text: equipment

text: food

text: processing

text: electronics

text: and

text: telecommunications

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: producer

text: of

text: natural

text: gas

text: aircraft

text: and

text: food

text: The

text: state

text: ranks

text: third

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: for

text: production

text: of

text: natural

text: gas

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: agriculturally

text: productive

text: state

text: and

text: also

text: ranks

text: in

text: production

text: of

text: wheat

text: Four

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: and

text: six

text: Fortune

text: companies

text: are

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: rated

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: business

text: friendly

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: with

text: the

text: lowest

text: tax

text: burden

text: in

question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing natural gas?

answer: third

text: third

question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture?

answer: 27th

question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing wheat?

answer: 5th

question: How many Fortune 500 companies are based in Oklahoma?

answer: Four

text: Four

question: How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma?

answer: six

text: six


text: Annelids' cuticles are made of collagen fibers, usually in layers that spiral in alternating directions so that the fibers cross each other. These are secreted by the one-cell deep epidermis (outermost skin layer). A few marine annelids that live in tubes lack cuticles, but their tubes have a similar structure, and mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis protect their skins. Under the epidermis is the dermis, which is made of connective tissue, in other words a combination of cells and non-cellular materials such as collagen. Below this are two layers of muscles, which develop from the lining of the coelom (body cavity): circular muscles make a segment longer and slimmer when they contract, while under them are longitudinal muscles, usually four distinct strips, whose contractions make the segment shorter and fatter. Some annelids also have oblique internal muscles that connect the underside of the body to each side.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Annelids

text: cuticles

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: collagen

text: fibers

text: usually

text: in

text: layers

text: that

text: spiral

text: in

text: alternating

text: directions

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: fibers

text: cross

text: each

text: other

text: These

text: are

text: secreted

text: by

text: the

text: one

text: cell

text: deep

text: epidermis

text: outermost

text: skin

text: layer

text: A

text: few

text: marine

text: annelids

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: tubes

text: lack

text: cuticles

text: but

text: their

text: tubes

text: have

text: a

text: similar

text: structure

text: and

text: mucus

text: secreting

text: glands

text: in

text: the

text: epidermis

text: protect

text: their

text: skins

text: Under

text: the

text: epidermis

text: is

text: the

text: dermis

text: which

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: connective

text: tissue

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: cells

text: and

text: non

text: cellular

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: collagen

text: Below

text: this

text: are

text: two

text: layers

text: of

text: muscles

text: which

text: develop

text: from

text: the

text: lining

text: of

text: the

text: coelom

text: body

text: cavity

text: circular

text: muscles

text: make

text: a

text: segment

text: longer

text: and

text: slimmer

text: when

text: they

text: contract

text: while

text: under

text: them

text: are

text: longitudinal

text: muscles

text: usually

text: four

text: distinct

text: strips

text: whose

text: contractions

text: make

text: the

text: segment

text: shorter

text: and

text: fatter

text: Some

text: annelids

text: also

text: have

text: oblique

text: internal

text: muscles

text: that

text: connect

text: the

text: underside

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: to

text: each

text: side

question: How are the layers arranged in annelids' cuticles?

answer: spiral in alternating directions

text: spiral in alternating directions

question: What are annelids' cuticles made out of?

answer: collagen fibers

text: collagen fibers

question: What do non-cuticle annelids use to protect their skin?

answer: mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis

text: mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis

question: What layer is under the epidermis?

answer: the dermis

text: the dermis

question: What does 'coelom' mean?

answer: (body cavity

text: (body cavity

question: How are the eyes arranged in annelids' cuticles?

text: spiral in alternating directions

question: What are annelids' brain made out of?

text: collagen fibers

question: What do non-cuticle annelids use to protect their offspring?

text: mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis

question: What annelid is under the epidermis?

text: the dermis


text: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Victoria

text: married

text: her

text: first

text: cousin

text: Prince

text: Albert

text: of

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: and

text: Gotha

text: in

text: Their

text: nine

text: children

text: married

text: into

text: royal

text: and

text: noble

text: families

text: across

text: the

text: continent

text: tying

text: them

text: together

text: and

text: earning

text: her

text: the

text: sobriquet

text: the

text: grandmother

text: of

text: Europe

text: After

text: Albert

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Victoria

text: plunged

text: into

text: deep

text: mourning

text: and

text: avoided

text: public

text: appearances

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: her

text: seclusion

text: republicanism

text: temporarily

text: gained

text: strength

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: her

text: reign

text: her

text: popularity

text: recovered

text: Her

text: Golden

text: and

text: Diamond

text: Jubilees

text: were

text: times

text: of

text: public

text: celebration

question: Who did Victoria marry?

answer: Prince Albert

text: Prince Albert

question: What is her nickname that she was given because her children married into royal families across the continent?

answer: the grandmother of Europe

text: the grandmother of Europe

question: What year did Prince Albert die?

answer: 1861

question: How many children did she have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: In the later half of her reign, what happened to her popularity?

answer: her popularity recovered

text: her popularity recovered

question: How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: What was the year of Alberts death?

answer: 1861

question: Queen Victorias Golden and Diamond jubilees were a time of public what?

answer: celebration

text: celebration

question: What was the name the first cousing that Victoria married?

answer: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

text: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

question: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria because all of her children married into noble families?

answer: first cousin

text: first cousin

question: What was the name of the first cousin that Queen Victoria was married to?

answer: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

text: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

question: Whatyear did Victoria marry Prince Albert?

answer: 1840

question: How many children did Victoria and Albert have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: What year did Prince Albert die?

answer: 1861

question: Due to Victorias mourning over Alberts death, what political party gained strength?

answer: republicanism

text: republicanism

question: When did Queen Victoria get married?

answer: 1840

question: What was the name of Victoria's husband?

answer: Prince Albert

text: Prince Albert

question: What was Queen Victoria's nickname?

answer: the grandmother of Europe

text: the grandmother of Europe

question: When did republicanism gain strength during Queen Victoria's reign?

answer: After Albert's death in 1861

text: After Albert's death in 1861

question: How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: Who did Victoria marry?

answer: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

text: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

question: When were Victoria and Prince Albert married?

answer: 1840

question: How many children did Victoria and Prince Albert have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: What was Victoria's unofficial title?

answer: the grandmother of Europe

text: the grandmother of Europe

question: When did Prince Albert die?

answer: 1861

question: Who did Victoria divorce?

text: Prince Albert

question: What is her nickname that she was given because her siblings married into royal families across the continent?

text: the grandmother of Europe

question: What year didn't Prince Albert die?

question: How many children didn't she have?

text: nine

question: In the earlier half of her reign, what happened to her popularity?

text: her popularity recovered


text: Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: Since

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: Federal

text: Duck

text: Stamps

text: has

text: generated

text: million

text: and

text: helped

text: to

text: purchase

text: or

text: lease

text: acres

text: sq

text: mi

text: of

text: habitat

text: The

text: stamps

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: license

text: to

text: hunt

text: migratory

text: birds

text: an

text: entrance

text: pass

text: for

text: all

text: National

text: Wildlife

text: Refuge

text: areas

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: considered

text: collectors

text: items

text: often

text: purchased

text: for

text: aesthetic

text: reasons

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: hunting

text: and

text: birding

text: communities

text: Although

text: non

text: hunters

text: buy

text: a

text: significant

text: number

text: of

text: Duck

text: Stamps

text: eighty

text: seven

text: percent

text: of

text: their

text: sales

text: are

text: contributed

text: by

text: hunters

text: which

text: is

text: logical

text: as

text: hunters

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: purchase

text: them

text: Distribution

text: of

text: funds

text: is

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: Migratory

text: Bird

text: Conservation

text: Commission

text: MBCC

question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?

answer: $670 million

text: $670 million

question: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?

answer: 5,200,000 acres

text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?

answer: hunt migratory birds

text: hunt migratory birds

question: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?

answer: hunters

text: hunters

question: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?

answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

text: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

question: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?

answer: $670 million

text: $670 million

question: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?

answer: 5,200,000 acres

text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?

answer: license to hunt migratory birds

text: license to hunt migratory birds

question: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?

answer: eighty-seven

text: eighty-seven

question: Who manages distribution of funds?

answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)

text: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)

question: In what year was the MBCC created?

question: What is needed to enter MBCC areas?

text: an entrance pass

question: What does the MBCC buy a significant number of?

text: Duck Stamps

question: What percentage of hunters belong to the MBCC?

text: eighty-seven percent

question: What is required to work at the MBCC?

text: a license


text: Lower Manhattan is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013. Investment banking fees on Wall Street totaled approximately $40 billion in 2012, while in 2013, senior New York City bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as $324,000 annually. In fiscal year 2013–14, Wall Street's securities industry generated 19% of New York State's tax revenue. New York City remains the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets, driven in part by the size and financial development of the U.S. economy.:31–32 In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the London interbank offered rate from the British Bankers Association. New York also leads in hedge fund management; private equity; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions. Several investment banks and investment mangers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers.:34–35 New York is also the principal commercial banking center of the United States.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: on

text: Wall

text: Street

text: and

text: the

text: NASDAQ

text: at

text: Broadway

text: representing

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: stock

text: exchanges

text: respectively

text: when

text: measured

text: both

text: by

text: overall

text: average

text: daily

text: trading

text: volume

text: and

text: by

text: total

text: market

text: capitalization

text: of

text: their

text: listed

text: companies

text: in

text: Investment

text: banking

text: fees

text: on

text: Wall

text: Street

text: totaled

text: approximately

text: billion

text: in

text: while

text: in

text: senior

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: bank

text: officers

text: who

text: manage

text: risk

text: and

text: compliance

text: functions

text: earned

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: annually

text: In

text: fiscal

text: year

text: Wall

text: Street

text: 's

text: securities

text: industry

text: generated

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: 's

text: tax

text: revenue

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: remains

text: the

text: largest

text: global

text: center

text: for

text: trading

text: in

text: public

text: equity

text: and

text: debt

text: capital

text: markets

text: driven

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: size

text: and

text: financial

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: In

text: July

text: NYSE

text: Euronext

text: the

text: operator

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: interbank

text: offered

text: rate

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: Bankers

text: Association

text: New

text: York

text: also

text: leads

text: in

text: hedge

text: fund

text: management

text: private

text: equity

text: and

text: the

text: monetary

text: volume

text: of

text: mergers

text: and

text: acquisitions

text: Several

text: investment

text: banks

text: and

text: investment

text: mangers

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: are

text: important

text: participants

text: in

text: other

text: global

text: financial

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: principal

text: commercial

text: banking

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: On what street is the New York Stock Exchange headquartered?

answer: Wall Street

text: Wall Street

question: What is the street address of NASDAQ?

answer: 165 Broadway

text: 165 Broadway

question: In 2012, how many investment banking fees were paid out to Wall Street?

answer: $40 billion

text: $40 billion

question: In 2013-4, what percentage of New York state tax revenues came from the securities business on Wall Street?

answer: 19%

question: Who was the previous overseer of the London interbank offered rate?

answer: British Bankers Association

text: British Bankers Association

question: The New York Stock exchange is located where in NYC?

answer: Wall Street

text: Wall Street

question: The NASDAQ is located on what street in NYC?

answer: 165 Broadway

text: 165 Broadway


text: Kierkegaard criticised Hegel's idealist philosophy in several of his works, particularly his claim to a comprehensive system that could explain the whole of reality. Where Hegel argues that an ultimate understanding of the logical structure of the world is an understanding of the logical structure of God's mind, Kierkegaard asserting that for God reality can be a system but it cannot be so for any human individual because both reality and humans are incomplete and all philosophical systems imply completeness. A logical system is possible but an existential system is not. "What is rational is actual; and what is actual is rational". Hegel's absolute idealism blurs the distinction between existence and thought: our mortal nature places limits on our understanding of reality;

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: Kierkegaard

text: criticised

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: idealist

text: philosophy

text: in

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: particularly

text: his

text: claim

text: to

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: system

text: that

text: could

text: explain

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: reality

text: Where

text: Hegel

text: argues

text: that

text: an

text: ultimate

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: logical

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: an

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: logical

text: structure

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: mind

text: Kierkegaard

text: asserting

text: that

text: for

text: God

text: reality

text: can

text: be

text: a

text: system

text: but

text: it

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: so

text: for

text: any

text: human

text: individual

text: because

text: both

text: reality

text: and

text: humans

text: are

text: incomplete

text: and

text: all

text: philosophical

text: systems

text: imply

text: completeness

text: A

text: logical

text: system

text: is

text: possible

text: but

text: an

text: existential

text: system

text: is

text: not

text: What

text: is

text: rational

text: is

text: actual

text: and

text: what

text: is

text: actual

text: is

text: rational

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: absolute

text: idealism

text: blurs

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: existence

text: and

text: thought

text: our

text: mortal

text: nature

text: places

text: limits

text: on

text: our

text: understanding

text: of

text: reality

question: Who was a notable critic of Hegel?

answer: Kierkegaard

text: Kierkegaard

question: For whom did Kierkegaard argue reality cannot be a system?

answer: human

text: human

question: According to Kierkegaard, why can't reality be a system for human beings?

answer: humans are incomplete

text: humans are incomplete

question: Even though Kierkegaard does not believe in the possibility of an existential system of reality, what sort of system can exist?

answer: logical

text: logical

question: Whose work did Hegel criticize?

text: Kierkegaard

question: What does Kierkegaard blur the lines between?

text: existence and thought

question: Why did Kierkegaard believe humans could have a system for reality?

text: both reality and humans

question: Kierkegaard said a logical system and what other system was possible?

text: existential

question: What did Kierkegaard say could explain all of reality?

text: a comprehensive system


text: In Sweden, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court respectively function as the highest courts of the land. The Supreme Administrative Court considers cases concerning disputes between individuals and administrative organs, as well as disputes among administrative organs, while the Supreme Court considers all other cases. The judges are appointed by the Government. In most cases, the Supreme Courts will only grant leave to appeal a case (prövningstillstånd) if the case involves setting a precedent in the interpretation of the law. Exceptions are issues where the Supreme Court is the court of first instance. Such cases include an application for a retrial of a criminal case in the light of new evidence, and prosecutions made against an incumbent minister of the Government for severe neglect of duty. If a lower court has to try a case which involves a question where there is no settled interpretation of the law, it can also refer the question to the relevant Supreme Court for an answer.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: In

text: Sweden

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: and

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Administrative

text: Court

text: respectively

text: function

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: courts

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Administrative

text: Court

text: considers

text: cases

text: concerning

text: disputes

text: between

text: individuals

text: and

text: administrative

text: organs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: disputes

text: among

text: administrative

text: organs

text: while

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: considers

text: all

text: other

text: cases

text: The

text: judges

text: are

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Courts

text: will

text: only

text: grant

text: leave

text: to

text: appeal

text: a

text: case

text: prövningstillstånd

text: if

text: the

text: case

text: involves

text: setting

text: a

text: precedent

text: in

text: the

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: Exceptions

text: are

text: issues

text: where

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: first

text: instance

text: Such

text: cases

text: include

text: an

text: application

text: for

text: a

text: retrial

text: of

text: a

text: criminal

text: case

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: new

text: evidence

text: and

text: prosecutions

text: made

text: against

text: an

text: incumbent

text: minister

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: for

text: severe

text: neglect

text: of

text: duty

text: If

text: a

text: lower

text: court

text: has

text: to

text: try

text: a

text: case

text: which

text: involves

text: a

text: question

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: settled

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: it

text: can

text: also

text: refer

text: the

text: question

text: to

text: the

text: relevant

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: for

text: an

text: answer

question: Sweden's two high courts are what?

answer: the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court

text: the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court

question: What is a type of case heard by the Supreme Administrative Court?

answer: cases concerning disputes between individuals and administrative organs

text: cases concerning disputes between individuals and administrative organs

question: The Supreme Court hears what?

answer: all other cases

text: all other cases

question: How are judges placed on Sweden's high courts?

answer: appointed by the Government

text: appointed by the Government

question: The ability to appeal a case provided by Sweden's court system is called what?

answer: prövningstillstånd

text: prövningstillstånd

question: What is the Swedish term for government?

text: prövningstillstånd

question: What other cases does the Supreme Court consider besides disputes between individuals and administrative organs?

text: disputes among administrative organs,

question: What two courts are equally the highest courts of the land?

question: The Supreme Court appoints what position?

text: judges


text: A watt balance is an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units. From the definition of the conventional watt W90, this gives a measure of the product KJ2RK in SI units, where RK is the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect. If the theoretical treatments of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect are valid, and in particular assuming that RK = h/e2, the measurement of KJ2RK is a direct determination of the Planck constant.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: A

text: watt

text: balance

text: is

text: an

text: instrument

text: for

text: comparing

text: two

text: powers

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: SI

text: watts

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: conventional

text: electrical

text: units

text: From

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: conventional

text: watt

text: this

text: gives

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: in

text: SI

text: units

text: where

text: RK

text: is

text: the

text: von

text: Klitzing

text: constant

text: which

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: quantum

text: Hall

text: effect

text: If

text: the

text: theoretical

text: treatments

text: of

text: the

text: Josephson

text: effect

text: and

text: the

text: quantum

text: Hall

text: effect

text: are

text: valid

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: assuming

text: that

text: RK

text: h

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: is

text: a

text: direct

text: determination

text: of

text: the

text: Planck

text: constant

question: What is a watt balance?

answer: an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units

text: an instrument for comparing two powers, one of which is measured in SI watts and the other of which is measured in conventional electrical units

question: What value does RK represent?

answer: the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect

text: the von Klitzing constant which appears in the quantum Hall effect

question: If the effects are valid, for RK = n/e2, what is the measurement of KJ2RK equal to?

answer: the Planck constant

text: the Planck constant

question: What does a watt balance avoid?

question: What value does RM represent?

question: What is the measurement of KJ2RR equal to?

text: the Planck constant

question: What gives gives a measure of the product KJ2RR in SI units?


text: Stress has a significant effect on memory formation and learning. In response to stressful situations, the brain releases hormones and neurotransmitters (ex. glucocorticoids and catecholamines) which affect memory encoding processes in the hippocampus. Behavioural research on animals shows that chronic stress produces adrenal hormones which impact the hippocampal structure in the brains of rats. An experimental study by German cognitive psychologists L. Schwabe and O. Wolf demonstrates how learning under stress also decreases memory recall in humans. In this study, 48 healthy female and male university students participated in either a stress test or a control group. Those randomly assigned to the stress test group had a hand immersed in ice cold water (the reputable SECPT or ‘Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test’) for up to three minutes, while being monitored and videotaped. Both the stress and control groups were then presented with 32 words to memorize. Twenty-four hours later, both groups were tested to see how many words they could remember (free recall) as well as how many they could recognize from a larger list of words (recognition performance). The results showed a clear impairment of memory performance in the stress test group, who recalled 30% fewer words than the control group. The researchers suggest that stress experienced during learning distracts people by diverting their attention during the memory encoding process.

title: Memory

title: Memory

text: Stress

text: has

text: a

text: significant

text: effect

text: on

text: memory

text: formation

text: and

text: learning

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: stressful

text: situations

text: the

text: brain

text: releases

text: hormones

text: and

text: neurotransmitters

text: ex

text: glucocorticoids

text: and

text: catecholamines

text: which

text: affect

text: memory

text: encoding

text: processes

text: in

text: the

text: hippocampus

text: Behavioural

text: research

text: on

text: animals

text: shows

text: that

text: chronic

text: stress

text: produces

text: adrenal

text: hormones

text: which

text: impact

text: the

text: hippocampal

text: structure

text: in

text: the

text: brains

text: of

text: rats

text: An

text: experimental

text: study

text: by

text: German

text: cognitive

text: psychologists

text: L.

text: Schwabe

text: and

text: O.

text: Wolf

text: demonstrates

text: how

text: learning

text: under

text: stress

text: also

text: decreases

text: memory

text: recall

text: in

text: humans

text: In

text: this

text: study

text: healthy

text: female

text: and

text: male

text: university

text: students

text: participated

text: in

text: either

text: a

text: stress

text: test

text: or

text: a

text: control

text: group

text: Those

text: randomly

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: stress

text: test

text: group

text: had

text: a

text: hand

text: immersed

text: in

text: ice

text: cold

text: water

text: the

text: reputable

text: SECPT

text: or

text: Socially

text: Evaluated

text: Cold

text: Pressor

text: Test’

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: three

text: minutes

text: while

text: being

text: monitored

text: and

text: videotaped

text: Both

text: the

text: stress

text: and

text: control

text: groups

text: were

text: then

text: presented

text: with

text: words

text: to

text: memorize

text: Twenty

text: four

text: hours

text: later

text: both

text: groups

text: were

text: tested

text: to

text: see

text: how

text: many

text: words

text: they

text: could

text: remember

text: free

text: recall

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: how

text: many

text: they

text: could

text: recognize

text: from

text: a

text: larger

text: list

text: of

text: words

text: recognition

text: performance

text: The

text: results

text: showed

text: a

text: clear

text: impairment

text: of

text: memory

text: performance

text: in

text: the

text: stress

text: test

text: group

text: who

text: recalled

text: fewer

text: words

text: than

text: the

text: control

text: group

text: The

text: researchers

text: suggest

text: that

text: stress

text: experienced

text: during

text: learning

text: distracts

text: people

text: by

text: diverting

text: their

text: attention

text: during

text: the

text: memory

text: encoding

text: process

question: What can cause your memory to deterioriate or not work as well?

answer: Stress

text: Stress

question: Which hormones are produces when a animal is stressed out?

answer: adrenal hormones

text: adrenal hormones

question: Who performed a study that involved having peoples hands in cold water while also memorizing words?

answer: L. Schwabe and O. Wolf

text: L. Schwabe and O. Wolf

question: What did L. Schwabes and O. Wolfs study seem to conlcude?

answer: stress experienced during learning distracts people by diverting their attention during the memory encoding process.

text: stress experienced during learning distracts people by diverting their attention during the memory encoding process.

question: What can cause your memory to deterioriate and work better?

text: Stress

question: Which hormones are produces when a animal is happy?

text: adrenal hormones

question: Which Austrian cognitive psychologists released an experimental study?

text: L. Schwabe and O. Wolf

question: What does SECPT not stand for?

text: Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test


text: The regions in their inventory were Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia and Abyssinia. Explicitly excluded is India. No mention is made of the Balkans.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: The

text: regions

text: in

text: their

text: inventory

text: were

text: Assyria

text: Chaldea

text: Mesopotamia

text: Persia

text: Armenia

text: Egypt

text: Arabia

text: Syria

text: Palestine

text: Ethiopia

text: Caucasus

text: Libya

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: Abyssinia

text: Explicitly

text: excluded

text: is

text: India

text: No

text: mention

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: the

text: Balkans

question: What region was explicitly excluded?

answer: India

text: India

question: What region has no mention?

answer: the Balkans

text: the Balkans

question: Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia, and Abyssinia were all what?

answer: regions in their inventory

text: regions in their inventory


text: The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the neocerebellum) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: The

text: elaboration

text: of

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: carries

text: with

text: it

text: changes

text: to

text: other

text: brain

text: areas

text: The

text: superior

text: colliculus

text: which

text: plays

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: visual

text: control

text: of

text: behavior

text: in

text: most

text: vertebrates

text: shrinks

text: to

text: a

text: small

text: size

text: in

text: mammals

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: functions

text: are

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: visual

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: The

text: cerebellum

text: of

text: mammals

text: contains

text: a

text: large

text: portion

text: the

text: neocerebellum

text: dedicated

text: to

text: supporting

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: which

text: has

text: no

text: counterpart

text: in

text: other

text: vertebrates

question: The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?

answer: visual

text: visual

question: The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what?

answer: (the neocerebellum

text: (the neocerebellum

question: The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain?

answer: cerebral cortex

text: cerebral cortex


text: Also with respect to copyright, the American film industry helped to change the social construct of intellectual property via its trade organization, the Motion Picture Association of America. In amicus briefs in important cases, in lobbying before Congress, and in its statements to the public, the MPAA has advocated strong protection of intellectual-property rights. In framing its presentations, the association has claimed that people are entitled to the property that is produced by their labor. Additionally Congress's awareness of the position of the United States as the world's largest producer of films has made it convenient to expand the conception of intellectual property. These doctrinal reforms have further strengthened the industry, lending the MPAA even more power and authority.

title: Intellectual_property

title: Intellectual_property

text: Also

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: copyright

text: the

text: American

text: film

text: industry

text: helped

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: social

text: construct

text: of

text: intellectual

text: property

text: via

text: its

text: trade

text: organization

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: In

text: amicus

text: briefs

text: in

text: important

text: cases

text: in

text: lobbying

text: before

text: Congress

text: and

text: in

text: its

text: statements

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: the

text: MPAA

text: has

text: advocated

text: strong

text: protection

text: of

text: intellectual

text: property

text: rights

text: In

text: framing

text: its

text: presentations

text: the

text: association

text: has

text: claimed

text: that

text: people

text: are

text: entitled

text: to

text: the

text: property

text: that

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: their

text: labor

text: Additionally

text: Congress

text: 's

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: producer

text: of

text: films

text: has

text: made

text: it

text: convenient

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: conception

text: of

text: intellectual

text: property

text: These

text: doctrinal

text: reforms

text: have

text: further

text: strengthened

text: the

text: industry

text: lending

text: the

text: MPAA

text: even

text: more

text: power

text: and

text: authority

question: What is the American film industry's trade organization?

answer: Motion Picture Association of America

text: Motion Picture Association of America

question: The Motion Picture Association of America is which industry's trade organization?

answer: film

text: film

question: Which country is the world's largest producer of films?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: The MPAA has advocated strong protection of what kind of rights?

answer: intellectual-property

text: intellectual-property

question: Congress has advocated a strong protection of what kind of rights?

text: intellectual-property rights

question: What has Congress argued that people are entitled to?

question: What type of reforms have weakened the MPAA?

text: doctrinal

question: What is Congress aware of that makes it difficult to expand the conception of intellectual property?


text: More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Swahili, Hausa, Fula, Berber, Tuareg, Somali, Albanian, Bosnian, Russian, Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi and Kashmiri, among many others.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: More

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: Muslim

text: Current

text: estimates

text: conclude

text: that

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Muslims

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: around

text: billion

text: Muslims

text: are

text: the

text: majority

text: in

text: countries

text: they

text: speak

text: hundreds

text: of

text: languages

text: and

text: come

text: from

text: diverse

text: ethnic

text: backgrounds

text: Major

text: languages

text: spoken

text: by

text: Muslims

text: include

text: Arabic

text: Urdu

text: Bengali

text: Punjabi

text: Malay

text: Javanese

text: Sundanese

text: Swahili

text: Hausa

text: Fula

text: Berber

text: Tuareg

text: Somali

text: Albanian

text: Bosnian

text: Russian

text: Turkish

text: Azeri

text: Kazakh

text: Uzbek

text: Tatar

text: Persian

text: Kurdish

text: Pashto

text: Balochi

text: Sindhi

text: and

text: Kashmiri

text: among

text: many

text: others

question: What percentage of the humans in the world are considered Muslim?

answer: 20%

question: How many Muslims are believed to live on earth?

answer: 1,5 billion

text: 1,5 billion

question: In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?

answer: 49

question: How many languages are spoken by Muslims?

answer: hundreds

text: hundreds

question: What percentage of the world is made up of Muslim nations?

question: How many countries are Muslims the minority in?

text: 49 countries

question: What languages are spoken by all Muslims?

text: Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi,


text: The first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. For homogeneous systems, with a well-defined temperature and pressure, a commonly used corollary of the first law is that, for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes, the differential change in the internal energy of the system (with a gain in energy signified by a positive quantity) is given as

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: The

text: first

text: law

text: of

text: thermodynamics

text: asserts

text: that

text: energy

text: but

text: not

text: necessarily

text: thermodynamic

text: free

text: energy

text: is

text: always

text: conserved

text: and

text: that

text: heat

text: flow

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: energy

text: transfer

text: For

text: homogeneous

text: systems

text: with

text: a

text: well

text: defined

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: a

text: commonly

text: used

text: corollary

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: law

text: is

text: that

text: for

text: a

text: system

text: subject

text: only

text: to

text: pressure

text: forces

text: and

text: heat

text: transfer

text: e.g.

text: a

text: cylinder

text: full

text: of

text: gas

text: without

text: chemical

text: changes

text: the

text: differential

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: internal

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: with

text: a

text: gain

text: in

text: energy

text: signified

text: by

text: a

text: positive

text: quantity

text: is

text: given

text: as

question: What asserts that energy is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer.

answer: first law of thermodynamics

text: first law of thermodynamics

question: The first law of thermodynamics asserts that what is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer?

answer: energy

text: energy

question: What is a commonly used corollary of the first law?

answer: for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes

text: for a system subject only to pressure forces and heat transfer (e.g., a cylinder-full of gas) without chemical changes

question: What asserts that energy is always conserved and that cool flow is a form of energy transfer.

text: first law of thermodynamics

question: The first law of thermodynamics asserts that what is never conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer?

text: energy

question: What is a never used corollary of the first law?

question: what is an example of a pyramid-full of gas

question: What type of system has a poorly defined temperature and pressure

text: homogeneous


text: The "General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples" grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, regardless of the number of speakers, the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken, and indigenous peoples are entitled to request some public services and documents in their native languages. Along with Spanish, the law has granted them — more than 60 languages — the status of "national languages". The law includes all indigenous languages of the Americas regardless of origin; that is, it includes the indigenous languages of ethnic groups non-native to the territory. As such the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples recognizes the language of the Kickapoo, who immigrated from the United States, and recognizes the languages of the Guatemalan indigenous refugees. The Mexican government has promoted and established bilingual primary and secondary education in some indigenous rural communities. Nonetheless, of the indigenous peoples in Mexico, only about 67% of them (or 5.4% of the country's population) speak an indigenous language and about a sixth do not speak Spanish (1.2% of the country's population).

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: General

text: Law

text: of

text: Linguistic

text: Rights

text: of

text: the

text: Indigenous

text: Peoples

text: grants

text: all

text: indigenous

text: languages

text: spoken

text: in

text: Mexico

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: speakers

text: the

text: same

text: validity

text: as

text: Spanish

text: in

text: all

text: territories

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: spoken

text: and

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: are

text: entitled

text: to

text: request

text: some

text: public

text: services

text: and

text: documents

text: in

text: their

text: native

text: languages

text: Along

text: with

text: Spanish

text: the

text: law

text: has

text: granted

text: them

text: more

text: than

text: languages

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: national

text: languages

text: The

text: law

text: includes

text: all

text: indigenous

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: regardless

text: of

text: origin

text: that

text: is

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: indigenous

text: languages

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: non

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: territory

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: National

text: Commission

text: for

text: the

text: Development

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: Peoples

text: recognizes

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Kickapoo

text: who

text: immigrated

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: recognizes

text: the

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: Guatemalan

text: indigenous

text: refugees

text: The

text: Mexican

text: government

text: has

text: promoted

text: and

text: established

text: bilingual

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: education

text: in

text: some

text: indigenous

text: rural

text: communities

text: Nonetheless

text: of

text: the

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: in

text: Mexico

text: only

text: about

text: of

text: them

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: speak

text: an

text: indigenous

text: language

text: and

text: about

text: a

text: sixth

text: do

text: not

text: speak

text: Spanish

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

question: What grants all indigenous languages spoken in Mexico validity?

answer: General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples

text: General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples

question: What are indigenous peoples entitled to request?

answer: some public services and documents in their native languages

text: some public services and documents in their native languages

question: How many languages have been giving the status of "national languages"?

answer: more than 60

text: more than 60

question: What has the Mexican government promoted in some indigenous rural communities?

answer: bilingual primary and secondary education

text: bilingual primary and secondary education

question: How many of the indigenous peoples in Mexico speak an indigenous language?

answer: about 67% of them

text: about 67% of them


text: The history of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman engagement in the Middle Eastern theatre. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut. The Arab Revolt which began in 1916 turned the tide against the Ottomans on the Middle Eastern front, where they initially seemed to have the upper hand during the first two years of the war. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, and set the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. This treaty, as designed in the conference of London, allowed the Sultan to retain his position and title. The occupation of Constantinople and İzmir led to the establishment of a Turkish national movement, which won the Turkish War of Independence (1919–22) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (later given the surname "Atatürk"). The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and the last sultan, Mehmed VI (reigned 1918–22), left the country on 17 November 1922. The caliphate was abolished on 3 March 1924.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: engagement

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: theatre

text: There

text: were

text: several

text: important

text: Ottoman

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Gallipoli

text: and

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Kut

text: The

text: Arab

text: Revolt

text: which

text: began

text: in

text: turned

text: the

text: tide

text: against

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: on

text: the

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: front

text: where

text: they

text: initially

text: seemed

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: upper

text: hand

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: Armistice

text: of

text: Mudros

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: set

text: the

text: partition

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Sèvres

text: This

text: treaty

text: as

text: designed

text: in

text: the

text: conference

text: of

text: London

text: allowed

text: the

text: Sultan

text: to

text: retain

text: his

text: position

text: and

text: title

text: The

text: occupation

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: İzmir

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: Turkish

text: national

text: movement

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Mustafa

text: Kemal

text: later

text: given

text: the

text: surname

text: Atatürk

text: The

text: sultanate

text: was

text: abolished

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: sultan

text: Mehmed

text: VI

text: reigned

text: left

text: the

text: country

text: on

text: November

text: The

text: caliphate

text: was

text: abolished

text: on

text: March

question: Where did the Ottoman empire begin its part in the first world war?

answer: Middle Eastern theatre

text: Middle Eastern theatre

question: The Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut resulted in what?

answer: Ottoman victories

text: Ottoman victories

question: The Arab Revolt began in what year?

answer: 1916

question: What was the date that the Armistice of Mudros came to be signed?

answer: 30 October 1918

text: 30 October 1918

question: When did the Turkish War of Independence take place?

answer: 1919–22


text: Before the introduction of the brown tree snake, Guam was home to several endemic bird species. Among them were the Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher, both common throughout the island. Today the flycatcher is entirely extinct while the Guam rail is extinct in the wild but bred in captivity by the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The devastation caused by the snake has been significant over the past several decades. As many as twelve bird species are believed to have been driven to extinction. According to many elders, ko'ko' birds were common in Guam before World War II.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Before

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: brown

text: tree

text: snake

text: Guam

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: endemic

text: bird

text: species

text: Among

text: them

text: were

text: the

text: Guam

text: rail

text: or

text: ko'ko

text: bird

text: in

text: Chamorro

text: and

text: the

text: Guam

text: flycatcher

text: both

text: common

text: throughout

text: the

text: island

text: Today

text: the

text: flycatcher

text: is

text: entirely

text: extinct

text: while

text: the

text: Guam

text: rail

text: is

text: extinct

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: but

text: bred

text: in

text: captivity

text: by

text: the

text: Division

text: of

text: Aquatic

text: and

text: Wildlife

text: Resources

text: The

text: devastation

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: snake

text: has

text: been

text: significant

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: several

text: decades

text: As

text: many

text: as

text: twelve

text: bird

text: species

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: driven

text: to

text: extinction

text: According

text: to

text: many

text: elders

text: ko'ko

text: birds

text: were

text: common

text: in

text: Guam

text: before

text: World

text: War

text: II

question: What are the names of the two native birds in Guam before the brown snake intrusion?

answer: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher

text: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher

question: How many bird species have been driven to extinction in Guam?

answer: twelve bird species

text: twelve bird species

question: What other bird was very common before WWII according to the elders?

answer: ko'ko' birds

text: ko'ko' birds

question: What is thought to have been the first bird species on Guam?

text: Guam flycatcher

question: What was the most populous Guam bird prior to World War II?

text: Guam rail

question: What was the least populous bird on Guam before World War II?

text: ko'ko'

question: Which bird species was first driven to extinction by brown tree snakes?

text: ko'ko'


text: Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: continuing

text: into

text: the

text: the

text: bureau

text: investigated

text: cases

text: of

text: espionage

text: against

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: Eight

text: Nazi

text: agents

text: who

text: had

text: planned

text: sabotage

text: operations

text: against

text: American

text: targets

text: were

text: arrested

text: and

text: six

text: were

text: executed

text: Ex

text: parte

text: Quirin

text: under

text: their

text: sentences

text: Also

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: a

text: joint

text: US

text: UK

text: code

text: breaking

text: effort

text: the

text: Venona

text: project)—with

text: which

text: the

text: FBI

text: was

text: heavily

text: involved

text: broke

text: Soviet

text: diplomatic

text: and

text: intelligence

text: communications

text: codes

text: allowing

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: British

text: governments

text: to

text: read

text: Soviet

text: communications

text: This

text: effort

text: confirmed

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: Americans

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: Soviet

text: intelligence

text: Hoover

text: was

text: administering

text: this

text: project

text: but

text: failed

text: to

text: notify

text: the

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: CIA

text: until

text: Another

text: notable

text: case

text: is

text: the

text: arrest

text: of

text: Soviet

text: spy

text: Rudolf

text: Abel

text: in

text: The

text: discovery

text: of

text: Soviet

text: spies

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: allowed

text: Hoover

text: to

text: pursue

text: his

text: longstanding

text: obsession

text: with

text: the

text: threat

text: he

text: perceived

text: from

text: the

text: American

text: Left

text: ranging

text: from

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: CPUSA

text: union

text: organizers

text: to

text: American

text: liberals

question: When did the FBI begin investigating espionage?

answer: 1940s

question: How many Nazis were arrested?

answer: Eight

text: Eight

question: What project broke Soviet codes?

answer: the Venona project

text: the Venona project

question: What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?

answer: CIA

text: CIA

question: What did the bureau investigate before the 1940s?

question: How many Italian agents were arrested?

text: Eight

question: What project broke Nazi codes?

text: the Venona project

question: What agency did Hoover inform about the code break right away?

text: CIA

question: What stopped Hoover from pursuing his obsession with the threat from the American Left?

text: discovery of Soviet spies


text: One usage—the more common among linguists—refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect. According to this definition, any variety of a language constitutes "a dialect", including any standard varieties.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: One

text: usage

text: the

text: more

text: common

text: among

text: linguists

text: refers

text: to

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: a

text: language

text: that

text: is

text: a

text: characteristic

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: 's

text: speakers

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: applied

text: most

text: often

text: to

text: regional

text: speech

text: patterns

text: but

text: a

text: dialect

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: defined

text: by

text: other

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: social

text: class

text: A

text: dialect

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: particular

text: social

text: class

text: can

text: be

text: termed

text: a

text: sociolect

text: a

text: dialect

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: particular

text: ethnic

text: group

text: can

text: be

text: termed

text: as

text: ethnolect

text: and

text: a

text: regional

text: dialect

text: may

text: be

text: termed

text: a

text: regiolect

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: definition

text: any

text: variety

text: of

text: a

text: language

text: constitutes

text: a

text: dialect

text: including

text: any

text: standard

text: varieties

question: What is the common definition of dialect?

answer: a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers

text: a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers

question: What is the term dialect most often applied to?

answer: regional speech patterns

text: regional speech patterns

question: Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect?

answer: social class

text: social class

question: What is a term for a dialect particular to a social class?

answer: sociolect

text: sociolect

question: What do you call a dialect particular to a certain ethnicity?

answer: ethnolect

text: ethnolect

question: What can a region that is associated with a particular social class be called?

text: sociolect

question: What can a region that is associated with a particular ethnic group be called?

text: ethnolect

question: What can a ethnolect that is associated with a particular regional dialect be called?

text: regiolect

question: What does any variety of a linguist constitute?

text: a dialect

question: Which use is least common among linguists?


text: In 1950, von Neumann became a consultant to the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG), whose function was to advise the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the United States Secretary of Defense on the development and use of new technologies. He also became an adviser to the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (AFSWP), which was responsible for the military aspects on nuclear weapons.Over the following two years, he also became a consultant to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), a member of the influential General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission, a consultant to the newly established Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Group of the United States Air Force.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: In

text: von

text: Neumann

text: became

text: a

text: consultant

text: to

text: the

text: Weapons

text: Systems

text: Evaluation

text: Group

text: WSEG

text: whose

text: function

text: was

text: to

text: advise

text: the

text: Joint

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: Staff

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: on

text: the

text: development

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: new

text: technologies

text: He

text: also

text: became

text: an

text: adviser

text: to

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: Special

text: Weapons

text: Project

text: AFSWP

text: which

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: aspects

text: on

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: Over

text: the

text: following

text: two

text: years

text: he

text: also

text: became

text: a

text: consultant

text: to

text: the

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: CIA

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: influential

text: General

text: Advisory

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Commission

text: a

text: consultant

text: to

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: Lawrence

text: Livermore

text: National

text: Laboratory

text: and

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Scientific

text: Advisory

text: Group

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Air

text: Force

question: In 1950 von Neumann became a consultant for what organization?

answer: Weapons Systems Evaluation Group

text: Weapons Systems Evaluation Group

question: What military organization did von NEumann also consult with for military aspect of nuclear weapons?

answer: Armed Forces Special Weapons Project

text: Armed Forces Special Weapons Project

question: What committee did von Neumann serve on within the Atomic Energy Commission?

answer: General Advisory Committee

text: General Advisory Committee


text: Human settlement of the New World occurred in stages from the Bering sea coast line, with an initial 15,000 to 20,000-year layover on Beringia for the small founding population. The micro-satellite diversity and distributions of the Y lineage specific to South America indicates that certain indigenous peoples of the Americas populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region. The Na-Dené, Inuit and Indigenous Alaskan populations exhibit haplogroup Q (Y-DNA) mutations, however are distinct from other indigenous peoples of the Americas with various mtDNA and atDNA mutations. This suggests that the earliest migrants into the northern extremes of North America and Greenland derived from later migrant populations.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Human

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: occurred

text: in

text: stages

text: from

text: the

text: Bering

text: sea

text: coast

text: line

text: with

text: an

text: initial

text: to

text: layover

text: on

text: Beringia

text: for

text: the

text: small

text: founding

text: population

text: The

text: micro

text: satellite

text: diversity

text: and

text: distributions

text: of

text: the

text: Y

text: lineage

text: specific

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: indicates

text: that

text: certain

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: populations

text: have

text: been

text: isolated

text: since

text: the

text: initial

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: Dené

text: Inuit

text: and

text: Indigenous

text: Alaskan

text: populations

text: exhibit

text: haplogroup

text: Q

text: Y

text: DNA

text: mutations

text: however

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: other

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: with

text: various

text: mtDNA

text: and

text: atDNA

text: mutations

text: This

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: earliest

text: migrants

text: into

text: the

text: northern

text: extremes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Greenland

text: derived

text: from

text: later

text: migrant

text: populations

question: What did human settlement of the New World occur in?

answer: stages

text: stages

question: How long of a layover did the human nomads have in Beringia?

answer: 15,000 to 20,000-year

text: 15,000 to 20,000-year

question: What do the diversity and distributions of Y lineage specific to South America indicate about certain peoples there?

answer: isolated since the initial colonization of the region

text: isolated since the initial colonization of the region

question: What population has mtDNA and atDNA mutations, making them distinct from other indigenous peoples of the Americas?

answer: Alaskan

text: Alaskan

question: What does the DNA evidence suggest about the migrants into the northern extremes of North America?

answer: later migrant populations

text: later migrant populations


text: At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration. This was partly due to the peacetime organisations of the armies. Each Prussian Corps was based within a Kreis (literally "circle") around the chief city in an area. Reservists rarely lived more than a day's travel from their regiment's depot. By contrast, French regiments generally served far from their depots, which in turn were not in the areas of France from which their soldiers were drawn. Reservists often faced several days' journey to report to their depots, and then another long journey to join their regiments. Large numbers of reservists choked railway stations, vainly seeking rations and orders.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: At

text: the

text: outset

text: of

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: German

text: soldiers

text: concentrated

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: frontier

text: while

text: only

text: French

text: soldiers

text: could

text: be

text: moved

text: to

text: face

text: them

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: having

text: lost

text: stragglers

text: before

text: a

text: shot

text: was

text: fired

text: through

text: poor

text: planning

text: and

text: administration

text: This

text: was

text: partly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: peacetime

text: organisations

text: of

text: the

text: armies

text: Each

text: Prussian

text: Corps

text: was

text: based

text: within

text: a

text: Kreis

text: literally

text: circle

text: around

text: the

text: chief

text: city

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: Reservists

text: rarely

text: lived

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: day

text: 's

text: travel

text: from

text: their

text: regiment

text: 's

text: depot

text: By

text: contrast

text: French

text: regiments

text: generally

text: served

text: far

text: from

text: their

text: depots

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: which

text: their

text: soldiers

text: were

text: drawn

text: Reservists

text: often

text: faced

text: several

text: days

text: journey

text: to

text: report

text: to

text: their

text: depots

text: and

text: then

text: another

text: long

text: journey

text: to

text: join

text: their

text: regiments

text: Large

text: numbers

text: of

text: reservists

text: choked

text: railway

text: stations

text: vainly

text: seeking

text: rations

text: and

text: orders

question: At the start of the war, how many German troops were focused on the French frontier?

answer: 462,000

question: How many French troops were available to stand again the Germans?

answer: 270,000

question: What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word "Kreis?"

answer: literally "circle"

text: literally "circle"

question: What did the French military numbers suffer from the most?

answer: having lost 100,000 stragglers

text: having lost 100,000 stragglers


text: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship between the plant genome and most aspects of the biochemistry, physiology, morphology and behaviour of plants can be subjected to detailed experimental analysis. The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro ultimately enabled the use of genetic engineering experimentally to knock out a gene or genes responsible for a specific trait, or to add genes such as GFP that report when a gene of interest is being expressed. These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: century

text: developments

text: in

text: plant

text: biochemistry

text: have

text: been

text: driven

text: by

text: modern

text: techniques

text: of

text: organic

text: chemical

text: analysis

text: such

text: as

text: spectroscopy

text: chromatography

text: and

text: electrophoresis

text: With

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: related

text: molecular

text: scale

text: biological

text: approaches

text: of

text: molecular

text: biology

text: genomics

text: proteomics

text: and

text: metabolomics

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: plant

text: genome

text: and

text: most

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: biochemistry

text: physiology

text: morphology

text: and

text: behaviour

text: of

text: plants

text: can

text: be

text: subjected

text: to

text: detailed

text: experimental

text: analysis

text: The

text: concept

text: originally

text: stated

text: by

text: Gottlieb

text: Haberlandt

text: in

text: that

text: all

text: plant

text: cells

text: are

text: totipotent

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: vitro

text: ultimately

text: enabled

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: genetic

text: engineering

text: experimentally

text: to

text: knock

text: out

text: a

text: gene

text: or

text: genes

text: responsible

text: for

text: a

text: specific

text: trait

text: or

text: to

text: add

text: genes

text: such

text: as

text: GFP

text: that

text: report

text: when

text: a

text: gene

text: of

text: interest

text: is

text: being

text: expressed

text: These

text: technologies

text: enable

text: the

text: biotechnological

text: use

text: of

text: whole

text: plants

text: or

text: plant

text: cell

text: cultures

text: grown

text: in

text: bioreactors

text: to

text: synthesise

text: pesticides

text: antibiotics

text: or

text: other

text: pharmaceuticals

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: practical

text: application

text: of

text: genetically

text: modified

text: crops

text: designed

text: for

text: traits

text: such

text: as

text: improved

text: yield

question: What enables scientists to better study plants now?

answer: modern techniques of organic chemical analysis

text: modern techniques of organic chemical analysis

question: What opened the door to plant genetic engineering?

answer: all plant cells are totipotent

text: all plant cells are totipotent

question: Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro?

answer: Gottlieb Haberlandt

text: Gottlieb Haberlandt


text: Three daily newspapers serve Melbourne: the Herald Sun (tabloid), The Age (formerly broadsheet, now compact) and The Australian (national broadsheet). Six free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong: ABC Victoria, (ABV), SBS Victoria (SBS), Seven Melbourne (HSV), Nine Melbourne (GTV), Ten Melbourne (ATV), C31 Melbourne (MGV) – community television. Each station (excluding C31) broadcasts a primary channel and several multichannels. C31 is only broadcast from the transmitters at Mount Dandenong and South Yarra. Hybrid digital/print media companies such as Broadsheet and ThreeThousand are based in and primarily serve Melbourne.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Three

text: daily

text: newspapers

text: serve

text: Melbourne

text: the

text: Herald

text: Sun

text: tabloid

text: The

text: Age

text: formerly

text: broadsheet

text: now

text: compact

text: and

text: The

text: Australian

text: national

text: broadsheet

text: Six

text: free

text: to

text: air

text: television

text: stations

text: service

text: Greater

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: Geelong

text: ABC

text: Victoria

text: ABV

text: SBS

text: Victoria

text: SBS

text: Seven

text: Melbourne

text: HSV

text: Nine

text: Melbourne

text: GTV

text: Ten

text: Melbourne

text: ATV

text: Melbourne

text: MGV

text: community

text: television

text: Each

text: station

text: excluding

text: broadcasts

text: a

text: primary

text: channel

text: and

text: several

text: multichannels

text: is

text: only

text: broadcast

text: from

text: the

text: transmitters

text: at

text: Mount

text: Dandenong

text: and

text: South

text: Yarra

text: Hybrid

text: digital

text: print

text: media

text: companies

text: such

text: as

text: Broadsheet

text: and

text: ThreeThousand

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: and

text: primarily

text: serve

text: Melbourne

question: How many daily newspapers serve Melbourne?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: How many free-to-air television stations service Greater Melbourne and Geelong?

answer: Six

text: Six

question: From where is C31 broadcast?

answer: transmitters at Mount Dandenong and South Yarra

text: transmitters at Mount Dandenong and South Yarra

question: What type of companies are Broadsheet and ThreeThousand?

answer: Hybrid digital/print media

text: Hybrid digital/print media


text: Welsh sides that play in English leagues are eligible, although since the creation of the League of Wales there are only six clubs remaining: Cardiff City (the only non-English team to win the tournament, in 1927), Swansea City, Newport County, Wrexham, Merthyr Town and Colwyn Bay. In the early years other teams from Wales, Ireland and Scotland also took part in the competition, with Glasgow side Queen's Park losing the final to Blackburn Rovers in 1884 and 1885 before being barred from entering by the Scottish Football Association. In the 2013–14 season the first Channel Island club entered the competition when Guernsey F.C. competed for the first time.

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: Welsh

text: sides

text: that

text: play

text: in

text: English

text: leagues

text: are

text: eligible

text: although

text: since

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Wales

text: there

text: are

text: only

text: six

text: clubs

text: remaining

text: Cardiff

text: City

text: the

text: only

text: non

text: English

text: team

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: tournament

text: in

text: Swansea

text: City

text: Newport

text: County

text: Wrexham

text: Merthyr

text: Town

text: and

text: Colwyn

text: Bay

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: other

text: teams

text: from

text: Wales

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Scotland

text: also

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: competition

text: with

text: Glasgow

text: side

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Park

text: losing

text: the

text: final

text: to

text: Blackburn

text: Rovers

text: in

text: and

text: before

text: being

text: barred

text: from

text: entering

text: by

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Football

text: Association

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: first

text: Channel

text: Island

text: club

text: entered

text: the

text: competition

text: when

text: Guernsey

text: F.C.

text: competed

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

question: May Welsh clubs enter the competition?

answer: Welsh sides that play in English leagues are eligible,

text: Welsh sides that play in English leagues are eligible,

question: Has a Welsh team ever won a competition?

answer: Cardiff City (the only non-English team to win the tournament, in 1927)

text: Cardiff City (the only non-English team to win the tournament, in 1927)

question: Have any other countries ever competed?

answer: other teams from Wales, Ireland and Scotland also took part in the competition,

text: other teams from Wales, Ireland and Scotland also took part in the competition,

question: Why can't those countries compete?

answer: barred from entering by the Scottish Football Association.

text: barred from entering by the Scottish Football Association.

question: Has any other  country been allowed to enter the competition since?

answer: Channel Island club entered the competition when Guernsey F.C. competed for the first time.

text: Channel Island club entered the competition when Guernsey F.C. competed for the first time.

question: When was the League of Wales created?

question: What Welsh team has lost a tournament?

text: Cardiff City

question: Which countries have never had a team compete?

text: Wales, Ireland and Scotland

question: What year were teams from Scotland, Wales, and Ireland barred from entering?

question: What season did the Channel Island club play for the last time?


text: To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party congressional system emerged on Capitol Hill with official titles for those who were its official leaders. However, from the beginning days of Congress, various House members intermittently assumed the role of "opposition leader." Some scholars suggest that Representative James Madison of Virginia informally functioned as the first "minority leader" because in the First Congress he led the opposition to Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's fiscal policies.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: To

text: a

text: large

text: extent

text: the

text: minority

text: leader

text: 's

text: position

text: is

text: a

text: century

text: innovation

text: Prior

text: to

text: this

text: time

text: congressional

text: parties

text: were

text: often

text: relatively

text: disorganized

text: so

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: always

text: evident

text: who

text: functioned

text: as

text: the

text: opposition

text: floor

text: leader

text: Decades

text: went

text: by

text: before

text: anything

text: like

text: the

text: modern

text: two

text: party

text: congressional

text: system

text: emerged

text: on

text: Capitol

text: Hill

text: with

text: official

text: titles

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: its

text: official

text: leaders

text: However

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: days

text: of

text: Congress

text: various

text: House

text: members

text: intermittently

text: assumed

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: opposition

text: leader

text: Some

text: scholars

text: suggest

text: that

text: Representative

text: James

text: Madison

text: of

text: Virginia

text: informally

text: functioned

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: minority

text: leader

text: because

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: Congress

text: he

text: led

text: the

text: opposition

text: to

text: Treasury

text: Secretary

text: Alexander

text: Hamilton

text: 's

text: fiscal

text: policies

question: When was the minority leader position created?

answer: 20th-century

question: Why was minority leader position created?

answer: not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader

text: not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader

question: Who is sometimes considered the first funcioning "Minority Leader?"

answer: James Madison

text: James Madison

question: Who was Treasury Secretary at time of first congress?

answer: Alexander Hamilton

text: Alexander Hamilton

question: From what time do scholars like to study the affairs of congress?

question: What state was Alexander Hamilton originally from?

text: Virginia

question: What system was created by Alexander Hamilton?

text: two-party

question: How long did Alexander Hamilton serve as Treasury Secretary?

text: Decades

question: What did Alexander Hamilton function as to oppose James Madison?

text: the first "minority leader"


text: BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active. Both LDS and Non-LDS students are required to provide an endorsement from an ecclesiastic leader with their application for admittance. Over 900 rooms on BYU campus are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations. More than 150 congregations meet on BYU campus each Sunday. "BYU's campus becomes one of the busiest and largest centers of worship in the world" with about 24,000 persons attending church services on campus.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: BYU

text: mandates

text: that

text: its

text: students

text: who

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: LDS

text: Church

text: be

text: religiously

text: active

text: Both

text: LDS

text: and

text: Non

text: LDS

text: students

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: endorsement

text: from

text: an

text: ecclesiastic

text: leader

text: with

text: their

text: application

text: for

text: admittance

text: Over

text: rooms

text: on

text: BYU

text: campus

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: LDS

text: Church

text: congregations

text: More

text: than

text: congregations

text: meet

text: on

text: BYU

text: campus

text: each

text: Sunday

text: BYU

text: 's

text: campus

text: becomes

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: busiest

text: and

text: largest

text: centers

text: of

text: worship

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: about

text: persons

text: attending

text: church

text: services

text: on

text: campus

question: What does BYU mandate of it's student members of the LDS Church to be?

answer: religiously active

text: religiously active

question: Who are both LDS and Non-LDS students required to provide an endorsement from upon submitting their application?

answer: an ecclesiastic leader

text: an ecclesiastic leader

question: How many BYU campus rooms are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations?

answer: Over 900

text: Over 900

question: How many congregations meet on the BYU campus every Sunday?

answer: More than 150

text: More than 150

question: Approximately how many people attend church services on BYU's campus?

answer: 24,000

question: What does BYU mandate for members of the LSD Church?

text: be religiously active

question: What are 150 rooms on campus used for?

question: On what day do more than 900 congregations meet?

text: Sunday

question: What becomes the largest center of warship in the world?

text: BYU's campus


text: Imperial College Union, the students' union at Imperial College, is run by five full-time sabbatical officers elected from the student body for a tenure of one year, and a number of permanent members of staff. The Union is given a large subvention by the university, much of which is spent on maintaining around 300 clubs, projects and societies. Examples of notable student groups and projects are Project Nepal which sends Imperial College students to work on educational development programmes in rural Nepal and the El Salvador Project, a construction based project in Central America. The Union also hosts sports-related clubs such as Imperial College Boat Club and Imperial College Gliding Club.

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Union

text: the

text: students

text: union

text: at

text: Imperial

text: College

text: is

text: run

text: by

text: five

text: full

text: time

text: sabbatical

text: officers

text: elected

text: from

text: the

text: student

text: body

text: for

text: a

text: tenure

text: of

text: one

text: year

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: permanent

text: members

text: of

text: staff

text: The

text: Union

text: is

text: given

text: a

text: large

text: subvention

text: by

text: the

text: university

text: much

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: spent

text: on

text: maintaining

text: around

text: clubs

text: projects

text: and

text: societies

text: Examples

text: of

text: notable

text: student

text: groups

text: and

text: projects

text: are

text: Project

text: Nepal

text: which

text: sends

text: Imperial

text: College

text: students

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: educational

text: development

text: programmes

text: in

text: rural

text: Nepal

text: and

text: the

text: El

text: Salvador

text: Project

text: a

text: construction

text: based

text: project

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: The

text: Union

text: also

text: hosts

text: sports

text: related

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Boat

text: Club

text: and

text: Imperial

text: College

text: Gliding

text: Club

question: What is the official name of the student's union?

answer: Imperial College Union

text: Imperial College Union

question: How many full time officers run the union?

answer: five

text: five

question: How long is the tenure for an officer to run the union?

answer: one year

text: one year

question: How many clubs, projects and societies is the union responsible for managing?

answer: around 300

text: around 300

question: What kind of programmes do students work on for Project Nepal?

answer: educational development

text: educational development

question: What is the naqme of the staff and student union?

text: Imperial College Union,

question: What is run by 5 full-time students?

text: Imperial College Union,

question: What is used to maintain around 300 pubs?

text: a large subvention

question: Where are staff sent to work on building projects?

text: Central America.