text: A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise Services are located at the Renaissance Center. PricewaterhouseCoopers Plaza offices are adjacent to Ford Field, and Ernst & Young completed its office building at One Kennedy Square in 2006. Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices. In July 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office opened its Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office in the Rivertown/Warehouse District as its first location outside Washington, D.C.'s metropolitan area.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: downtown

text: employers

text: are

text: relatively

text: new

text: as

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: marked

text: trend

text: of

text: companies

text: moving

text: from

text: satellite

text: suburbs

text: around

text: Metropolitan

text: Detroit

text: into

text: the

text: downtown

text: core.[citation

text: needed

text: Compuware

text: completed

text: its

text: world

text: headquarters

text: in

text: downtown

text: in

text: OnStar

text: Blue

text: Cross

text: Blue

text: Shield

text: and

text: HP

text: Enterprise

text: Services

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: Center

text: PricewaterhouseCoopers

text: Plaza

text: offices

text: are

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Ford

text: Field

text: and

text: Ernst

text: Young

text: completed

text: its

text: office

text: building

text: at

text: One

text: Kennedy

text: Square

text: in

text: Perhaps

text: most

text: prominently

text: in

text: Quicken

text: Loans

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: mortgage

text: lenders

text: relocated

text: its

text: world

text: headquarters

text: and

text: employees

text: to

text: downtown

text: Detroit

text: consolidating

text: its

text: suburban

text: offices

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: and

text: Trademark

text: Office

text: opened

text: its

text: Elijah

text: J.

text: McCoy

text: Satellite

text: Office

text: in

text: the

text: Rivertown

text: Warehouse

text: District

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: location

text: outside

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

question: What Tech company is based in Detroit?

answer: Compuware

text: Compuware

question: What insurance company is located in downtown Detroit?

answer: Blue Cross Blue Shield

text: Blue Cross Blue Shield

question: Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detroit in 2010?

answer: Quicken Loans

text: Quicken Loans

question: What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit?

answer: Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office

text: Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office


text: A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a "Superspeed+" caption (stylized as SUPERSPEED+). The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.

title: USB

title: USB

text: A

text: January

text: press

text: release

text: from

text: the

text: USB

text: group

text: revealed

text: plans

text: to

text: update

text: USB

text: to

text: Gbit

text: s

text: The

text: group

text: ended

text: up

text: creating

text: a

text: new

text: USB

text: version

text: USB

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: July

text: introducing

text: a

text: faster

text: transfer

text: mode

text: called

text: SuperSpeed

text: USB

text: Gbit

text: s

text: putting

text: it

text: on

text: par

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: first

text: generation

text: Thunderbolt

text: channel

text: The

text: new

text: mode

text: 's

text: logo

text: features

text: a

text: Superspeed+

text: caption

text: stylized

text: as

text: SUPERSPEED+

text: The

text: USB

text: standard

text: increases

text: the

text: data

text: signaling

text: rate

text: to

text: Gbit

text: s

text: in

text: the

text: USB

text: mode

text: double

text: that

text: of

text: USB

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: USB

text: and

text: reduces

text: line

text: encoding

text: overhead

text: to

text: just

text: by

text: changing

text: the

text: encoding

text: scheme

text: to

text: The

text: first

text: USB

text: implementation

text: demonstrated

text: transfer

text: speeds

text: of

text: Gbit

text: s

question: When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?

answer: January 2013

text: January 2013

question: What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated?

answer: The group ended up creating a new USB version

text: The group ended up creating a new USB version

question: When was USB 3.1 released?

answer: 31 July 2013

text: 31 July 2013

question: What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?

answer: the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode

text: the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode


text: The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: The

text: Dean

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: titular

text: church

text: also

text: receives

text: the

text: titular

text: bishopric

text: of

text: Ostia

text: the

text: primary

text: suburbicarian

text: see

text: Cardinals

text: governing

text: a

text: particular

text: Church

text: retain

text: that

text: church

question: Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?

answer: The Dean of the College of Cardinals

text: The Dean of the College of Cardinals

question: What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?

answer: titular bishopric of Ostia

text: titular bishopric of Ostia

question: Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari?

text: The Dean of the College of Cardinals

question: What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment?

text: titular bishopric of Ostia

question: What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?

text: that church

question: What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive?

text: titular bishopric of Ostia


text: In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the "Mattel Version" and "NES Version". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip used in other European countries. When Nintendo took over European distribution in 1990, they produced consoles that were then labelled "NES Version"; therefore, the only differences between the two are the text on the front flap and texture on the top/bottom of the casing.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: Italy

text: and

text: Australia

text: which

text: share

text: the

text: PAL

text: A

text: region

text: two

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: NES

text: were

text: released

text: the

text: Mattel

text: Version

text: and

text: NES

text: Version

text: When

text: the

text: NES

text: was

text: first

text: released

text: in

text: those

text: countries

text: it

text: was

text: distributed

text: by

text: Mattel

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: decided

text: to

text: use

text: a

text: lockout

text: chip

text: specific

text: to

text: those

text: countries

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: chip

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: When

text: Nintendo

text: took

text: over

text: European

text: distribution

text: in

text: they

text: produced

text: consoles

text: that

text: were

text: then

text: labelled

text: NES

text: Version

text: therefore

text: the

text: only

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: are

text: the

text: text

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: flap

text: and

text: texture

text: on

text: the

text: top

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: casing

question: Which company distributed the NES to the UK, Italy, and Australia?

answer: Mattel

text: Mattel

question: When did Nintendo take over European distribution?

answer: 1990

question: Which three countries share the PAL A region?

answer: UK, Italy and Australia

text: UK, Italy and Australia

question: What two versions of the NES were released in the UK, Italy, and Australia?

answer: "Mattel Version" and "NES Version"

text: "Mattel Version" and "NES Version"

question: Which company didn't distribute the NES to the UK, Italy, and Australia?

text: Mattel

question: When did Nintendo take over Asian distribution?

question: Which three countries share the PAL B region?

text: UK, Italy and Australia

question: What two versions of the NES were released in the UK, France, and Spain?

text: Mattel Version


text: Important fragments survived from the mosaic floor of the Great Palace of Constantinople which was commissioned during Justinian's reign. The figures, animals, plants all are entirely classical but they are scattered before a plain background. The portrait of a moustached man, probably a Gothic chieftain, is considered the most important surviving mosaic of the Justinianian age. The so-called small sekreton of the palace was built during Justin II's reign around 565–577. Some fragments survive from the mosaics of this vaulted room. The vine scroll motifs are very similar to those in the Santa Constanza and they still closely follow the Classical tradition. There are remains of floral decoration in the Church of the Acheiropoietos in Thessaloniki (5th–6th centuries).

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Important

text: fragments

text: survived

text: from

text: the

text: mosaic

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Palace

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: which

text: was

text: commissioned

text: during

text: Justinian

text: 's

text: reign

text: The

text: figures

text: animals

text: plants

text: all

text: are

text: entirely

text: classical

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: scattered

text: before

text: a

text: plain

text: background

text: The

text: portrait

text: of

text: a

text: moustached

text: man

text: probably

text: a

text: Gothic

text: chieftain

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: surviving

text: mosaic

text: of

text: the

text: Justinianian

text: age

text: The

text: so

text: called

text: small

text: sekreton

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: was

text: built

text: during

text: Justin

text: II

text: 's

text: reign

text: around

text: Some

text: fragments

text: survive

text: from

text: the

text: mosaics

text: of

text: this

text: vaulted

text: room

text: The

text: vine

text: scroll

text: motifs

text: are

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: Santa

text: Constanza

text: and

text: they

text: still

text: closely

text: follow

text: the

text: Classical

text: tradition

text: There

text: are

text: remains

text: of

text: floral

text: decoration

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Acheiropoietos

text: in

text: Thessaloniki

text: centuries

question: When were the mosaics at the Great Palace of Constantinople commissioned?

answer: during Justinian's reign

text: during Justinian's reign

question: What is considered the most important surviving mosaic of the Justinian age?

answer: The portrait of a moustached man

text: The portrait of a moustached man

question: What was the small vaulted room in the Great Palace of Constantinople called?

answer: small sekreton

text: small sekreton

question: Vine Scroll motifs are classified under what kind of tradition?

answer: Classical

text: Classical

question: When were the mosaics at the church in Thessaloniki created?

answer: 5th–6th centuries

text: 5th–6th centuries


text: In Southeast Asia, Muslim students have a choice of attending a secular government or an Islamic school. Madaris or Islamic schools are known as Sekolah Agama (Malay: religious school) in Malaysia and Indonesia, โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม (Thai: school of Islam) in Thailand and madaris in the Philippines. In countries where Islam is not the majority or state religion, Islamic schools are found in regions such as southern Thailand (near the Thai-Malaysian border) and the southern Philippines in Mindanao, where a significant Muslim population can be found.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: In

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Muslim

text: students

text: have

text: a

text: choice

text: of

text: attending

text: a

text: secular

text: government

text: or

text: an

text: Islamic

text: school

text: Madaris

text: or

text: Islamic

text: schools

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Sekolah

text: Agama

text: Malay

text: religious

text: school

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: โรงเรียนศาสนาอิสลาม

text: Thai

text: school

text: of

text: Islam

text: in

text: Thailand

text: and

text: madaris

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: In

text: countries

text: where

text: Islam

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: majority

text: or

text: state

text: religion

text: Islamic

text: schools

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: southern

text: Thailand

text: near

text: the

text: Thai

text: Malaysian

text: border

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: Philippines

text: in

text: Mindanao

text: where

text: a

text: significant

text: Muslim

text: population

text: can

text: be

text: found

question: Who decides if Muslims attend secular schools or traditional madaris?

answer: students

text: students

question: What are madaris referred to as in Indonesia and Malaysia?

answer: Sekolah Agama

text: Sekolah Agama

question: What region of the Philippines has a large Muslim population?

answer: Mindanao

text: Mindanao

question: What region of Thailand has madaris?

answer: southern

text: southern

question: Who decides if non-Muslims attend secular schools or traditional madaris?

text: students

question: What are madaris referred to as outside of Indonesia and Malaysia?

text: Sekolah Agama

question: What region of the Philippines has a large non-Muslim population?

text: Mindanao

question: What region of Thailand does not have madaris?

text: southern


text: The Latin alphabet of the time still lacked the letters ⟨j⟩ and ⟨w⟩, and there was no ⟨v⟩ as distinct from ⟨u⟩; moreover native Old English spellings did not use ⟨k⟩, ⟨q⟩ or ⟨z⟩. The remaining 20 Latin letters were supplemented by four more: ⟨æ⟩ (æsc, modern ash) and ⟨ð⟩ (ðæt, now called eth or edh), which were modified Latin letters, and thorn ⟨þ⟩ and wynn ⟨ƿ⟩, which are borrowings from the futhorc. A few letter pairs were used as digraphs, representing a single sound. Also used was the Tironian note ⟨⁊⟩ (a character similar to the digit 7) for the conjunction and, and a thorn with a crossbar through the ascender for the pronoun þæt. Macrons over vowels were originally used not to mark long vowels (as in modern editions), but to indicate stress, or as abbreviations for a following m or n.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: The

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: still

text: lacked

text: the

text: letters

text: ⟨j⟩

text: and

text: ⟨w⟩

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: ⟨v⟩

text: as

text: distinct

text: from

text: ⟨u⟩

text: moreover

text: native

text: Old

text: English

text: spellings

text: did

text: not

text: use

text: ⟨k⟩

text: ⟨q⟩

text: or

text: ⟨z⟩.

text: The

text: remaining

text: Latin

text: letters

text: were

text: supplemented

text: by

text: four

text: more

text: ⟨æ⟩

text: æsc

text: modern

text: ash

text: and

text: ⟨ð⟩

text: ðæt

text: now

text: called

text: eth

text: or

text: edh

text: which

text: were

text: modified

text: Latin

text: letters

text: and

text: thorn

text: ⟨þ⟩

text: and

text: wynn

text: ⟨ƿ⟩

text: which

text: are

text: borrowings

text: from

text: the

text: futhorc

text: A

text: few

text: letter

text: pairs

text: were

text: used

text: as

text: digraphs

text: representing

text: a

text: single

text: sound

text: Also

text: used

text: was

text: the

text: Tironian

text: note

text: a

text: character

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: digit

text: for

text: the

text: conjunction

text: and

text: and

text: a

text: thorn

text: with

text: a

text: crossbar

text: through

text: the

text: ascender

text: for

text: the

text: pronoun

text: þæt

text: Macrons

text: over

text: vowels

text: were

text: originally

text: used

text: not

text: to

text: mark

text: long

text: vowels

text: as

text: in

text: modern

text: editions

text: but

text: to

text: indicate

text: stress

text: or

text: as

text: abbreviations

text: for

text: a

text: following

text: m

text: or

text: n.

question: When the Latin alphabet was introduced to Old English, what letter was the same as v?

answer: u

text: u

question: Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English?

answer: q

text: q

question: What is the term for the letter þ?

answer: thorn

text: thorn

question: What number was the Tironian note visually similar to?

answer: ƿ

text: ƿ

question: What was the term for the letter ƿ?

answer: wynn

text: wynn

question: What was originally used to mark long vowels?

text: Macrons

question: What were most letter pairs used for?


text: The closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countries. An indication of the United States' close operational cooperation is the creation of a new message distribution label within the main U.S. military communications network. Previously, the marking of NOFORN (i.e., No Foreign Nationals) required the originator to specify which, if any, non-U.S. countries could receive the information. A new handling caveat, USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes, used primarily on intelligence messages, gives an easier way to indicate that the material can be shared with Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and New Zealand.

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

title: Central_Intelligence_Agency

text: The

text: closest

text: links

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: IC

text: to

text: other

text: foreign

text: intelligence

text: agencies

text: are

text: to

text: Anglophone

text: countries

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: special

text: communications

text: marking

text: that

text: signals

text: that

text: intelligence

text: related

text: messages

text: can

text: be

text: shared

text: with

text: these

text: four

text: countries

text: An

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: close

text: operational

text: cooperation

text: is

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: message

text: distribution

text: label

text: within

text: the

text: main

text: U.S.

text: military

text: communications

text: network

text: Previously

text: the

text: marking

text: of

text: NOFORN

text: i.e.

text: No

text: Foreign

text: Nationals

text: required

text: the

text: originator

text: to

text: specify

text: which

text: if

text: any

text: non

text: U.S.

text: countries

text: could

text: receive

text: the

text: information

text: A

text: new

text: handling

text: caveat

text: USA

text: AUS

text: CAN

text: GBR

text: NZL

text: Five

text: Eyes

text: used

text: primarily

text: on

text: intelligence

text: messages

text: gives

text: an

text: easier

text: way

text: to

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: material

text: can

text: be

text: shared

text: with

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

question: Which four countries can share communications with the U.S. IC?

answer: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom

text: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom

question: What does NOFORN stand for?

answer: No Foreign Nationals

text: No Foreign Nationals

question: What is the special marking that shows messages can be shared with these other five countries?

answer: USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes

text: USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes


text: Some nouns have two different diminutives, each with a different meaning: bloem (flower) → bloempje (lit. "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet). A few nouns exist solely in a diminutive form, e.g. zeepaardje (seahorse), while many, e.g. meisje (girl), originally a diminutive of meid (maid), have acquired a meaning independent of their non-diminutive forms. A diminutive can sometimes be added to an uncountable noun to refer to a single portion: ijs (ice, ice cream) → ijsje (ice cream treat, cone of ice cream), bier (beer) → biertje. Some diminutive forms only exist in plural, e.g. kleertjes (clothing).

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Some

text: nouns

text: have

text: two

text: different

text: diminutives

text: each

text: with

text: a

text: different

text: meaning

text: bloem

text: flower

text: bloempje

text: lit

text: small

text: flower

text: but

text: bloemetje

text: lit

text: also

text: small

text: flower

text: meaning

text: bouquet

text: A

text: few

text: nouns

text: exist

text: solely

text: in

text: a

text: diminutive

text: form

text: e.g.

text: zeepaardje

text: seahorse

text: while

text: many

text: e.g.

text: meisje

text: girl

text: originally

text: a

text: diminutive

text: of

text: meid

text: maid

text: have

text: acquired

text: a

text: meaning

text: independent

text: of

text: their

text: non

text: diminutive

text: forms

text: A

text: diminutive

text: can

text: sometimes

text: be

text: added

text: to

text: an

text: uncountable

text: noun

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: portion

text: ijs

text: ice

text: ice

text: cream

text: ijsje

text: ice

text: cream

text: treat

text: cone

text: of

text: ice

text: cream

text: bier

text: beer

text: biertje

text: Some

text: diminutive

text: forms

text: only

text: exist

text: in

text: plural

text: e.g.

text: kleertjes

text: clothing

question: Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"?

answer: bloemetje

text: bloemetje

question: What's the Dutch word for "seahorse" that has no non-diminutive form?

answer: zeepaardje

text: zeepaardje

question: What Dutch word did their word for "girl" come from that has a totally different meaning?

answer: meid

text: meid

question: What's the Dutch word for the items like shirts and pants that you wear that only exists in a plural form?

answer: kleertjes

text: kleertjes

question: Sometimes uncountable nouns in Dutch get a diminutive ending to make them refer to what, like an ice cream cone?

answer: a single portion

text: a single portion


text: Poland's AA defences were no match for the German attack and the situation was similar in other European countries. Significant AA warfare started with the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940. 3.7-inch HAA were to provide the backbone of the groundbased AA defences, although initially significant numbers of 3-inch 20-cwt were also used. The Army's Anti-aircraft command, which was under command of the Air Defence UK organisation, grew to 12 AA divisions in 3 AA corps. 40-mm Bofors entered service in increasing numbers. In addition the RAF regiment was formed in 1941 with responsibility for airfield air defence, eventually with Bofors 40mm as their main armament. Fixed AA defences, using HAA and LAA, were established by the Army in key overseas places, notably Malta, Suez Canal and Singapore.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: Poland

text: 's

text: AA

text: defences

text: were

text: no

text: match

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: attack

text: and

text: the

text: situation

text: was

text: similar

text: in

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: Significant

text: AA

text: warfare

text: started

text: with

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: HAA

text: were

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: backbone

text: of

text: the

text: groundbased

text: AA

text: defences

text: although

text: initially

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: were

text: also

text: used

text: The

text: Army

text: 's

text: Anti

text: aircraft

text: command

text: which

text: was

text: under

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Defence

text: UK

text: organisation

text: grew

text: to

text: AA

text: divisions

text: in

text: AA

text: corps

text: Bofors

text: entered

text: service

text: in

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: RAF

text: regiment

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: with

text: responsibility

text: for

text: airfield

text: air

text: defence

text: eventually

text: with

text: Bofors

text: mm

text: as

text: their

text: main

text: armament

text: Fixed

text: AA

text: defences

text: using

text: HAA

text: and

text: LAA

text: were

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Army

text: in

text: key

text: overseas

text: places

text: notably

text: Malta

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: Singapore

question: Poland and other European countries could not defend against what?

answer: German attack

text: German attack

question: What battle marked the beginning of significant antiaircraft warfare?

answer: Battle of Britain

text: Battle of Britain

question: What was under command of the Air Defence UK orgnisation?

answer: Army's Anti-aircraft command

text: Army's Anti-aircraft command

question: The Air Defence UK grew to have how many antiaircraft corps?

answer: 3

question: What was formed in 1941 to protect airfields?

answer: RAF regiment

text: RAF regiment


text: The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to late century were hard times, as the Bronx declined 1950–85 from a predominantly moderate-income to a predominantly lower-income area with high rates of violent crime and poverty. The Bronx has experienced an economic and developmental resurgence starting in the late 1980s that continues into today.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: periods

text: a

text: boom

text: period

text: during

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: growth

text: by

text: a

text: factor

text: of

text: six

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: The

text: Great

text: Depression

text: and

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: years

text: saw

text: a

text: slowing

text: of

text: growth

text: leading

text: into

text: an

text: eventual

text: decline

text: The

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: century

text: were

text: hard

text: times

text: as

text: the

text: Bronx

text: declined

text: from

text: a

text: predominantly

text: moderate

text: income

text: to

text: a

text: predominantly

text: lower

text: income

text: area

text: with

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: violent

text: crime

text: and

text: poverty

text: The

text: Bronx

text: has

text: experienced

text: an

text: economic

text: and

text: developmental

text: resurgence

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: that

text: continues

text: into

text: today

question: When was the Bronx's boom period?

answer: 1900–29

question: What was the Bronx's population in 1900?

answer: 200,000

question: What was the Bronx's population in 1929?

answer: 1.3 million

text: 1.3 million

question: When did the Bronx's income declined?

answer: 1950–85

question: When did the Bronx's economy regrow?

answer: starting in the late 1980s

text: starting in the late 1980s


text: With the help of Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening. This received a British Patent in 1880.[dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, and Swan gave a working demonstration at their meeting on 17 January 1879. It was also shown to 700 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne on 3 February 1879. These lamps used a carbon rod from an arc lamp rather than a slender filament. Thus they had low resistance and required very large conductors to supply the necessary current, so they were not commercially practical, although they did furnish a demonstration of the possibilities of incandescent lighting with relatively high vacuum, a carbon conductor, and platinum lead-in wires. Besides requiring too much current for a central station electric system to be practical, they had a very short lifetime. Swan turned his attention to producing a better carbon filament and the means of attaching its ends. He devised a method of treating cotton to produce 'parchmentised thread' and obtained British Patent 4933 in 1880. From this year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. His house was the first in the world to be lit by a lightbulb and also the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. In 1878 the home of Lord Armstrong at Cragside was also among the first houses to be lit by electricity. In the early 1880s he had started his company. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, which was the first theatre, and the first public building in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: With

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: Charles

text: Stearn

text: an

text: expert

text: on

text: vacuum

text: pumps

text: in

text: Swan

text: developed

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: processing

text: that

text: avoided

text: the

text: early

text: bulb

text: blackening

text: This

text: received

text: a

text: British

text: Patent

text: in

text: discuss

text: On

text: December

text: a

text: lamp

text: using

text: a

text: slender

text: carbon

text: rod

text: was

text: shown

text: at

text: a

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: Newcastle

text: Chemical

text: Society

text: and

text: Swan

text: gave

text: a

text: working

text: demonstration

text: at

text: their

text: meeting

text: on

text: January

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: shown

text: to

text: who

text: attended

text: a

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: Literary

text: and

text: Philosophical

text: Society

text: of

text: Newcastle

text: upon

text: Tyne

text: on

text: February

text: These

text: lamps

text: used

text: a

text: carbon

text: rod

text: from

text: an

text: arc

text: lamp

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: slender

text: filament

text: Thus

text: they

text: had

text: low

text: resistance

text: and

text: required

text: very

text: large

text: conductors

text: to

text: supply

text: the

text: necessary

text: current

text: so

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: commercially

text: practical

text: although

text: they

text: did

text: furnish

text: a

text: demonstration

text: of

text: the

text: possibilities

text: of

text: incandescent

text: lighting

text: with

text: relatively

text: high

text: vacuum

text: a

text: carbon

text: conductor

text: and

text: platinum

text: lead

text: in

text: wires

text: Besides

text: requiring

text: too

text: much

text: current

text: for

text: a

text: central

text: station

text: electric

text: system

text: to

text: be

text: practical

text: they

text: had

text: a

text: very

text: short

text: lifetime

text: Swan

text: turned

text: his

text: attention

text: to

text: producing

text: a

text: better

text: carbon

text: filament

text: and

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: attaching

text: its

text: ends

text: He

text: devised

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: treating

text: cotton

text: to

text: produce

text: parchmentised

text: thread

text: and

text: obtained

text: British

text: Patent

text: in

text: From

text: this

text: year

text: he

text: began

text: installing

text: light

text: bulbs

text: in

text: homes

text: and

text: landmarks

text: in

text: England

text: His

text: house

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: by

text: a

text: lightbulb

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: by

text: hydroelectric

text: power

text: In

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Lord

text: Armstrong

text: at

text: Cragside

text: was

text: also

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: houses

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: by

text: electricity

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: he

text: had

text: started

text: his

text: company

text: In

text: the

text: Savoy

text: Theatre

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: London

text: was

text: lit

text: by

text: Swan

text: incandescent

text: lightbulbs

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: theatre

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: be

text: lit

text: entirely

text: by

text: electricity

question: Where did Joseph Swan demonstrate his lamp in January 1879?

answer: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society

text: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society

question: Which vacuum pump expert helped Swan invent his lamp?

answer: Charles Stearn

text: Charles Stearn

question: Why was Swan's first lamp not commercially viable?

answer: 'parchmentised thread'

text: 'parchmentised thread'

question: When did Swan receive a patent for parchmentised thread?

answer: 1880

question: What was the first public building to install electric lighting?

answer: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London

text: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London

question: Who did not help Swan in 1878?

text: Charles Stearn

question: What method did Swan not develop in 1878?

question: What was not shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemistry Society?

text: a lamp using a slender carbon rod

question: What was shown to an audience of 800 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle?

text: a lamp using a slender carbon rod

question: Why was Swan's first lamp commercially viable?

text: 'parchmentised thread'


text: A commutated DC motor has a set of rotating windings wound on an armature mounted on a rotating shaft. The shaft also carries the commutator, a long-lasting rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings as the shaft rotates. Thus, every brushed DC motor has AC flowing through its rotating windings. Current flows through one or more pairs of brushes that bear on the commutator; the brushes connect an external source of electric power to the rotating armature.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: A

text: commutated

text: DC

text: motor

text: has

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: rotating

text: windings

text: wound

text: on

text: an

text: armature

text: mounted

text: on

text: a

text: rotating

text: shaft

text: The

text: shaft

text: also

text: carries

text: the

text: commutator

text: a

text: long

text: lasting

text: rotary

text: electrical

text: switch

text: that

text: periodically

text: reverses

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: rotor

text: windings

text: as

text: the

text: shaft

text: rotates

text: Thus

text: every

text: brushed

text: DC

text: motor

text: has

text: AC

text: flowing

text: through

text: its

text: rotating

text: windings

text: Current

text: flows

text: through

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: pairs

text: of

text: brushes

text: that

text: bear

text: on

text: the

text: commutator

text: the

text: brushes

text: connect

text: an

text: external

text: source

text: of

text: electric

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: rotating

text: armature

question: What does the communicator do?

answer: reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings

text: reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings

question: What type of current is featured in brushed DC motors?

answer: AC

text: AC

question: Where do brushes get their power?

answer: external

text: external

question: What is the main feature of the shaft in a commutated DC motor?

answer: rotating

text: rotating

question: What does the excommunicator do?

question: What type of current is featured in brushed RC motors?

text: AC

question: Where do brushes not get their power?

text: external

question: What is not the main feature of the shaft in a commutated DC motor?

text: rotating


text: Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for businesswomen in her industry, "achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry", and generating over $1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career. Professor Colin Barrow from Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as "America's smartest businesswoman ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself." London Business School academics called her a "dynamic entrepreneur" worth copying; they identified her vision of success, her understanding of the music industry, her ability to recognize her own performance limits (and thus bring in help), her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success. Morton wrote that "Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones. But that hardly mattered to her." Hazel Blackmore and Rafael Fernández de Castro in the book ¿Qué es Estados Unidos? from the Fondo de Cultura Económica, noted: "Madonna has been undoubtedly the most important woman in the history of popular music and a great businesswoman in herself; creating fashion, breaking taboos and provoking controversies."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: has

text: received

text: acclaim

text: as

text: a

text: role

text: model

text: for

text: businesswomen

text: in

text: her

text: industry

text: achieving

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: financial

text: control

text: that

text: women

text: had

text: long

text: fought

text: for

text: within

text: the

text: industry

text: and

text: generating

text: over

text: billion

text: in

text: sales

text: within

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: Professor

text: Colin

text: Barrow

text: from

text: Cranfield

text: School

text: of

text: Management

text: described

text: Madonna

text: as

text: America

text: 's

text: smartest

text: businesswoman

text: who

text: has

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: her

text: industry

text: and

text: stayed

text: there

text: by

text: constantly

text: reinventing

text: herself

text: London

text: Business

text: School

text: academics

text: called

text: her

text: a

text: dynamic

text: entrepreneur

text: worth

text: copying

text: they

text: identified

text: her

text: vision

text: of

text: success

text: her

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: her

text: ability

text: to

text: recognize

text: her

text: own

text: performance

text: limits

text: and

text: thus

text: bring

text: in

text: help

text: her

text: willingness

text: to

text: work

text: hard

text: and

text: her

text: ability

text: to

text: adapt

text: as

text: the

text: keys

text: to

text: her

text: commercial

text: success

text: Morton

text: wrote

text: that

text: Madonna

text: is

text: opportunistic

text: manipulative

text: and

text: ruthless

text: somebody

text: who

text: wo

text: n't

text: stop

text: until

text: she

text: gets

text: what

text: she

text: wants

text: and

text: that

text: 's

text: something

text: you

text: can

text: get

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: maybe

text: losing

text: your

text: close

text: ones

text: But

text: that

text: hardly

text: mattered

text: to

text: her

text: Hazel

text: Blackmore

text: and

text: Rafael

text: Fernández

text: de

text: Castro

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Qué

text: es

text: Estados

text: Unidos

text: from

text: the

text: Fondo

text: de

text: Cultura

text: Económica

text: noted

text: Madonna

text: has

text: been

text: undoubtedly

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: woman

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: a

text: great

text: businesswoman

text: in

text: herself

text: creating

text: fashion

text: breaking

text: taboos

text: and

text: provoking

text: controversies

question: Who is an acclaim role model business woman?

answer: Madonna

text: Madonna

question: Madonna generated how much in sales in the first 10 years of her career?

answer: $1.2 billion in

text: $1.2 billion in

question: Who called Madonna a dynamic entrepreneur?

answer: London Business School academics

text: London Business School academics

question: Who wrote that Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative and ruthless?

answer: Morton

text: Morton


text: North Carolina has a variety of shopping choices. SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet. Other major malls in Charlotte include Northlake Mall and Carolina Place Mall in nearby suburb Pineville. Other major malls throughout the state include Hanes Mall in Winston-Salem; Crabtree Valley Mall, North Hills Mall, and Triangle Town Center in Raleigh; Friendly Center and Four Seasons Town Centre in Greensboro; Oak Hollow Mall in High Point; Concord Mills in Concord; Valley Hills Mall in Hickory; and The Streets at Southpoint and Northgate Mall in Durham and Independence Mall in Wilmington, NC, and Tanger Outlets in Charlotte, Nags Head, Blowing Rock, and Mebane, NC.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: North

text: Carolina

text: has

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: shopping

text: choices

text: SouthPark

text: Mall

text: in

text: Charlotte

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: Carolinas

text: with

text: almost

text: million

text: square

text: feet

text: Other

text: major

text: malls

text: in

text: Charlotte

text: include

text: Northlake

text: Mall

text: and

text: Carolina

text: Place

text: Mall

text: in

text: nearby

text: suburb

text: Pineville

text: Other

text: major

text: malls

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: include

text: Hanes

text: Mall

text: in

text: Winston

text: Salem

text: Crabtree

text: Valley

text: Mall

text: North

text: Hills

text: Mall

text: and

text: Triangle

text: Town

text: Center

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: Friendly

text: Center

text: and

text: Four

text: Seasons

text: Town

text: Centre

text: in

text: Greensboro

text: Oak

text: Hollow

text: Mall

text: in

text: High

text: Point

text: Concord

text: Mills

text: in

text: Concord

text: Valley

text: Hills

text: Mall

text: in

text: Hickory

text: and

text: The

text: Streets

text: at

text: Southpoint

text: and

text: Northgate

text: Mall

text: in

text: Durham

text: and

text: Independence

text: Mall

text: in

text: Wilmington

text: NC

text: and

text: Tanger

text: Outlets

text: in

text: Charlotte

text: Nags

text: Head

text: Blowing

text: Rock

text: and

text: Mebane

text: NC

question: Where is SouthPark Mall located?

answer: Charlotte

text: Charlotte

question: What is the largest mall in the carolinas?

answer: SouthPark Mall

text: SouthPark Mall

question: How big is SouthPark Mall?

answer: 2.0 million square feet

text: 2.0 million square feet

question: Where is the hanes Mall located?

answer: Winston-Salem

text: Winston-Salem

question: Where is the Four Seasons Town Center located?

answer: Greensboro

text: Greensboro


text: However, it is important to understand that despite the presence of reception statutes, much of contemporary American common law has diverged significantly from English common law. The reason is that although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings unless there is no American ruling on point, the facts and law at issue are nearly identical, and the reasoning is strongly persuasive.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: understand

text: that

text: despite

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: reception

text: statutes

text: much

text: of

text: contemporary

text: American

text: common

text: law

text: has

text: diverged

text: significantly

text: from

text: English

text: common

text: law

text: The

text: reason

text: is

text: that

text: although

text: the

text: courts

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: Commonwealth

text: nations

text: are

text: often

text: influenced

text: by

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: rulings

text: American

text: courts

text: rarely

text: follow

text: post

text: Revolution

text: Commonwealth

text: rulings

text: unless

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: American

text: ruling

text: on

text: point

text: the

text: facts

text: and

text: law

text: at

text: issue

text: are

text: nearly

text: identical

text: and

text: the

text: reasoning

text: is

text: strongly

text: persuasive

question: A lot of American common law diverged from where?

answer: English common law

text: English common law

question: When would American courts follow post-revolution commonwealth rulings?

answer: there is no American ruling on point

text: there is no American ruling on point

question: Courts in commonwealth nations are often influenced by what?

answer: by each other's rulings

text: by each other's rulings

question: Most modern American common law came from what kind of law?

answer: English common law

text: English common law

question: Couts of commonwealth nations are often influenced by who's rulings?

answer: each other's

text: each other's

question: What rulings do American courts rarely follow?

answer: post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings

text: post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings

question: What is one reason American courts may follow a post Revolutionary Commonwealth ruling under what circumstances?

answer: there is no American ruling on point

text: there is no American ruling on point

question: How close is current American law to English law?

answer: diverged significantly

text: diverged significantly

question: What differs about American and English law?

answer: American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings

text: American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings

question: When would American law be more likely to follow English law?

answer: no American ruling on point

text: no American ruling on point

question: How close do the issues have to be in order for an English law to be used?

answer: nearly identical

text: nearly identical

question: Much of American common law is similar to what?

text: English common law

question: Commonwealth nations tend to not be influenced by what?

text: each other's rulings

question: What kind of reasoning is required to follow the American ruling?

text: strongly persuasive

question: When do Americans follow pre-Revolution Commonwealth rulings?

text: there is no American ruling on point

question: What is English common law very similar to?

text: American common law


text: Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from being crushed. Amensalism is often used to describe strongly asymmetrical competitive interactions, such as has been observed between the Spanish ibex and weevils of the genus Timarcha which feed upon the same type of shrub. Whilst the presence of the weevil has almost no influence on food availability, the presence of ibex has an enormous detrimental effect on weevil numbers, as they consume significant quantities of plant matter and incidentally ingest the weevils upon it.

title: Symbiosis

title: Symbiosis

text: Amensalism

text: is

text: an

text: interaction

text: where

text: an

text: organism

text: inflicts

text: harm

text: to

text: another

text: organism

text: without

text: any

text: costs

text: or

text: benefits

text: received

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: A

text: clear

text: case

text: of

text: amensalism

text: is

text: where

text: sheep

text: or

text: cattle

text: trample

text: grass

text: Whilst

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: grass

text: causes

text: negligible

text: detrimental

text: effects

text: to

text: the

text: animal

text: 's

text: hoof

text: the

text: grass

text: suffers

text: from

text: being

text: crushed

text: Amensalism

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: strongly

text: asymmetrical

text: competitive

text: interactions

text: such

text: as

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: between

text: the

text: Spanish

text: ibex

text: and

text: weevils

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Timarcha

text: which

text: feed

text: upon

text: the

text: same

text: type

text: of

text: shrub

text: Whilst

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: weevil

text: has

text: almost

text: no

text: influence

text: on

text: food

text: availability

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: ibex

text: has

text: an

text: enormous

text: detrimental

text: effect

text: on

text: weevil

text: numbers

text: as

text: they

text: consume

text: significant

text: quantities

text: of

text: plant

text: matter

text: and

text: incidentally

text: ingest

text: the

text: weevils

text: upon

text: it

question: What organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with?

answer: weevils

text: weevils

question: What does the Spanish ibex eat?

answer: shrub

text: shrub

question: What type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants?

answer: Amensalism

text: Amensalism

question: What happens if a weevil eats from an ibex?

text: Amensalism

question: What happens when the grass causes damage to an animal's hoof?

text: Amensalism

question: What ethnicity are the ibex and the weevils?

text: Spanish

question: What is altered if the presence of ibex has little detrimental effect on the number of weevil?

text: food availability

question: What genus are the Spanish ibex?

text: Timarcha


text: The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and width, and modified several times in subsequent years. The historic length of the boardwalk, before the destructive 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, was about 7 miles (11 km) and it extended from Atlantic City to Longport, through Ventnor and Margate.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: The

text: first

text: boardwalk

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: along

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: beach

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: help

text: hotel

text: owners

text: keep

text: sand

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: lobbies

text: Businesses

text: were

text: restricted

text: and

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: was

text: removed

text: each

text: year

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: peak

text: season

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: effectiveness

text: and

text: popularity

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: was

text: expanded

text: in

text: length

text: and

text: width

text: and

text: modified

text: several

text: times

text: in

text: subsequent

text: years

text: The

text: historic

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: boardwalk

text: before

text: the

text: destructive

text: Great

text: Atlantic

text: Hurricane

text: was

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: and

text: it

text: extended

text: from

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: to

text: Longport

text: through

text: Ventnor

text: and

text: Margate

question: In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?

answer: 1870

question: Why was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?

answer: to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies

text: to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies

question: What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane?

answer: 1944

question: What was the historic length of the boardwalk before the Great Atlantic Hurricane?

answer: about 7 miles

text: about 7 miles

question: Before the Great Atlantic Hurricane the boardwalk extended from Atlantic City to what other city?

answer: Longport

text: Longport


text: There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant. The Chief Secretary in turn reports to the Chief Minister. In addition to these departments, there are several Autonomous Bodies and Attached Departments that report directly to either the Secretaries or the Chief Secretary.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: There

text: are

text: departments

text: in

text: Punjab

text: government

text: Each

text: Department

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: a

text: Provincial

text: Minister

text: Politician

text: and

text: a

text: Provincial

text: Secretary

text: A

text: civil

text: servant

text: of

text: usually

text: or

text: All

text: Ministers

text: report

text: to

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: Chief

text: Executive

text: All

text: Secretaries

text: report

text: to

text: the

text: Chief

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Punjab

text: who

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: Civil

text: Servant

text: The

text: Chief

text: Secretary

text: in

text: turn

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: these

text: departments

text: there

text: are

text: several

text: Autonomous

text: Bodies

text: and

text: Attached

text: Departments

text: that

text: report

text: directly

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: Secretaries

text: or

text: the

text: Chief

text: Secretary

question: How many departments does the Punjab administration have?

answer: 48

question: Who heads each government department?

answer: a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary

text: a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary

question: Who do the Provincial Ministers report to?

answer: the Chief Minister

text: the Chief Minister

question: Who do the Provincial Secretaries report to?

answer: the Chief Secretary of Punjab

text: the Chief Secretary of Punjab

question: What rank is the Chief Secretary?

answer: usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant

text: usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant

question: What is the civil servant designation for the Chief Minister?

question: Who does the Chief Minister report to?

text: The Chief Secretary

question: What is the number of attached departments that report to secretaries?

question: What is the rank of a Provincial Minister?

question: What does the Chief Minister send to the Chief Secretary?

text: reports


text: In June 2014, state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a news story further characterizing Windows 8 as a threat to national security. The story featured an interview with Ni Guangnan, who stated that operating systems could aggregate "sensitive user information" that could be used to "understand the conditions and activities of our national economy and society", and alleged that per documents leaked by Edward Snowden, the U.S. government had worked with Microsoft to retrieve encrypted information. Yang Min, a computer scientist at Fudan University, also stated that "the security features of Windows 8 are basically to the benefit of Microsoft, allowing them control of the users' data, and that poses a big challenge to the national strategy for information security." Microsoft denied the claims in a number of posts on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo, which stated that the company had never "assisted any government in an attack of another government or clients" or provided client data to the U.S. government, never "provided any government the authority to directly visit" or placed any backdoors in its products and services, and that it had never concealed government requests for client data.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: In

text: June

text: state

text: broadcaster

text: China

text: Central

text: Television

text: CCTV

text: broadcast

text: a

text: news

text: story

text: further

text: characterizing

text: Windows

text: as

text: a

text: threat

text: to

text: national

text: security

text: The

text: story

text: featured

text: an

text: interview

text: with

text: Ni

text: Guangnan

text: who

text: stated

text: that

text: operating

text: systems

text: could

text: aggregate

text: sensitive

text: user

text: information

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: conditions

text: and

text: activities

text: of

text: our

text: national

text: economy

text: and

text: society

text: and

text: alleged

text: that

text: per

text: documents

text: leaked

text: by

text: Edward

text: Snowden

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: had

text: worked

text: with

text: Microsoft

text: to

text: retrieve

text: encrypted

text: information

text: Yang

text: Min

text: a

text: computer

text: scientist

text: at

text: Fudan

text: University

text: also

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: security

text: features

text: of

text: Windows

text: are

text: basically

text: to

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: allowing

text: them

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: users

text: data

text: and

text: that

text: poses

text: a

text: big

text: challenge

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: strategy

text: for

text: information

text: security

text: Microsoft

text: denied

text: the

text: claims

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: posts

text: on

text: the

text: Chinese

text: social

text: network

text: Sina

text: Weibo

text: which

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: company

text: had

text: never

text: assisted

text: any

text: government

text: in

text: an

text: attack

text: of

text: another

text: government

text: or

text: clients

text: or

text: provided

text: client

text: data

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: never

text: provided

text: any

text: government

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: directly

text: visit

text: or

text: placed

text: any

text: backdoors

text: in

text: its

text: products

text: and

text: services

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: never

text: concealed

text: government

text: requests

text: for

text: client

text: data

question: What does CCTV stand for?

answer: China Central Television

text: China Central Television

question: What is the name of the Chinese social network?

answer: Sina Weibo

text: Sina Weibo

question: Who claimed that the Window 8 OS could gather sensitive user information?

answer: Ni Guangnan

text: Ni Guangnan

question: Where did Yang Min practice as a computer scientiest?

answer: Fudan University

text: Fudan University

question: What doesn't CCTV stand for?

text: China Central Television

question: What does CTCV stand for?

text: China Central Television

question: What isn't the name of the Chinese social network?

text: Sina Weibo

question: Who claimed that the Window 9 OS could gather sensitive user information?

text: Ni Guangnan

question: Where didn't Yang Min practice as a computer scientest?

text: Fudan University


text: The city provides for yachting and water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, which is now known as the Volvo Ocean Race was based in Southampton's Ocean Village marina.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: city

text: provides

text: for

text: yachting

text: and

text: water

text: sports

text: with

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: marinas

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Whitbread

text: Around

text: the

text: World

text: Yacht

text: Race

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Volvo

text: Ocean

text: Race

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: Southampton

text: 's

text: Ocean

text: Village

text: marina

question: What feature does Southampton have plenty of that provides for water sports and yachting?

answer: marinas

text: marinas

question: What race named after a car company used to be hosted in Southampton?

answer: the Volvo Ocean Race

text: the Volvo Ocean Race

question: What was the former name of the Volvo Ocean Race?

answer: the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race

text: the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race

question: Which marina in Southampton hosted the yacht race from 1977 too 2001?

answer: Ocean Village marina

text: Ocean Village marina


text: The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy, with classes commencing on January 3, 1876. Warren Dusenberry served as interim principal of the school for several months until April 1876 when Brigham Young's choice for principal arrived—a German immigrant named Karl Maeser. Under Maeser's direction the school educated many luminaries including future U.S. Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland and future U.S. Senator Reed Smoot among others. The school, however, did not become a university until the end of Benjamin Cluff, Jr's term at the helm of the institution. At that time, the school was also still privately supported by members of the community and was not absorbed and sponsored officially by the LDS Church until July 18, 1896. A series of odd managerial decisions by Cluff led to his demotion; however, in his last official act, he proposed to the Board that the Academy be named "Brigham Young University". The suggestion received a large amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasn't large enough to be a university, but the decision ultimately passed. One opponent to the decision, Anthon H. Lund, later said, "I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat."

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: The

text: school

text: broke

text: off

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Deseret

text: and

text: became

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: Academy

text: with

text: classes

text: commencing

text: on

text: January

text: Warren

text: Dusenberry

text: served

text: as

text: interim

text: principal

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: for

text: several

text: months

text: until

text: April

text: when

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: 's

text: choice

text: for

text: principal

text: arrived

text: a

text: German

text: immigrant

text: named

text: Karl

text: Maeser

text: Under

text: Maeser

text: 's

text: direction

text: the

text: school

text: educated

text: many

text: luminaries

text: including

text: future

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Justice

text: George

text: Sutherland

text: and

text: future

text: U.S.

text: Senator

text: Reed

text: Smoot

text: among

text: others

text: The

text: school

text: however

text: did

text: not

text: become

text: a

text: university

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Benjamin

text: Cluff

text: Jr

text: 's

text: term

text: at

text: the

text: helm

text: of

text: the

text: institution

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: school

text: was

text: also

text: still

text: privately

text: supported

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: absorbed

text: and

text: sponsored

text: officially

text: by

text: the

text: LDS

text: Church

text: until

text: July

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: odd

text: managerial

text: decisions

text: by

text: Cluff

text: led

text: to

text: his

text: demotion

text: however

text: in

text: his

text: last

text: official

text: act

text: he

text: proposed

text: to

text: the

text: Board

text: that

text: the

text: Academy

text: be

text: named

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: University

text: The

text: suggestion

text: received

text: a

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: opposition

text: with

text: many

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Board

text: saying

text: that

text: the

text: school

text: was

text: n't

text: large

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: university

text: but

text: the

text: decision

text: ultimately

text: passed

text: One

text: opponent

text: to

text: the

text: decision

text: Anthon

text: H.

text: Lund

text: later

text: said

text: I

text: hope

text: their

text: head

text: will

text: grow

text: big

text: enough

text: for

text: their

text: hat

question: What college did BYU separate from to become its own entity?

answer: University of Deseret

text: University of Deseret

question: When did BYU first open its doors to students?

answer: January 3, 1876

text: January 3, 1876

question: Who was the head of the school for its first few months?

answer: Warren Dusenberry

text: Warren Dusenberry

question: When did the Latter Day Saints Church acknowledge and begin to support BYU?

answer: July 18, 1896

text: July 18, 1896

question: Who is responsible for proposing BYU's current name?

answer: Benjamin Cluff, Jr

text: Benjamin Cluff, Jr

question: Which school did Brigham Young Acadamy, now BYU,  break off from in 1876?

answer: University of Deseret

text: University of Deseret

question: Who was the first Brigham Young Acadamy, now BYU,  principal chosen by Brigham Young?

answer: Karl Maeser

text: Karl Maeser

question: What did Brigham Young Acadamy become at the end of Benjamin Cluff Jr's term at the helm?

answer: a university

text: a university

question: Who was BYU supported by before being sponsored by the LDS Church?

answer: members of the community

text: members of the community

question: What did Board opponent Anthon H. Lund say after Brigham voted to change their name to a University?

answer: "I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat."

text: "I hope their head will grow big enough for their hat."

question: What happened on January 3, 1867?

text: classes commencing

question: Who served as interim principal until January 1876?

text: Warren Dusenberry

question: Who was Maeser Karl?

question: When did the school become officially sponsored by the DLS Church?

text: July 18, 1896

question: Who opposed the named "Brigham Young College?"

text: Anthon H. Lund


text: The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges that run north to south. The desert in the state varies slightly with a small variant in climate. The lower elevations of the desert zone are found in the north along the Rio Grande which experience hotter temperatures in the summer and winter while the southern portion of the desert zone experiences cooler temperatures due to its higher elevation. The Samalayuca dunes cover an area of about 150 km2; it is an impressive site of the Chihuahuan Desert and is a protected area by the state due to unique species of plants and animals.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: desert

text: zone

text: also

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: Chihuahuan

text: Desert

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: biome

text: that

text: also

text: extends

text: into

text: the

text: neighboring

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Coahuila

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Texas

text: and

text: New

text: Mexico

text: The

text: desert

text: zone

text: is

text: mainly

text: of

text: flat

text: topography

text: with

text: some

text: small

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: that

text: run

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: The

text: desert

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: varies

text: slightly

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: variant

text: in

text: climate

text: The

text: lower

text: elevations

text: of

text: the

text: desert

text: zone

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: along

text: the

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: which

text: experience

text: hotter

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: and

text: winter

text: while

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: desert

text: zone

text: experiences

text: cooler

text: temperatures

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: higher

text: elevation

text: The

text: Samalayuca

text: dunes

text: cover

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: impressive

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Chihuahuan

text: Desert

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: protected

text: area

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: due

text: to

text: unique

text: species

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

question: The desert zone accounts for how much of the state's surface area?

answer: about a third

text: about a third

question: The Chihuahuan Desert also extends into which neighboring Mexican state?

answer: Coahuila

text: Coahuila

question: The desert zone's topography is mostly what shape?

answer: flat

text: flat

question: Lower elevations and higher temperature are found in which region of the state; north, south, east, or west?

answer: north

text: north

question: Which well-known river runs in the northern part of the state?

answer: Rio Grande

text: Rio Grande


text: The country was historically about evenly balanced between Catholic and Protestant, with a complex patchwork of majorities over most of the country. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived there. One canton, Appenzell, was officially divided into Catholic and Protestant sections in 1597. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. Central Switzerland, the Valais, the Ticino, Appenzell Innerrhodes, the Jura, and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic. The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants. A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9% of the voters. Some traditionally Protestant cantons and cities nowadays have a slight Catholic majority, not because they were growing in members, quite the contrary, but only because since about 1970 a steadily growing minority became not affiliated with any church or other religious body (21.4% in Switzerland, 2012) especially in traditionally Protestant regions, such as Basel-City (42%), canton of Neuchâtel (38%), canton of Geneva (35%), canton of Vaud (26%), or Zürich city (city: >25%; canton: 23%).

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: country

text: was

text: historically

text: about

text: evenly

text: balanced

text: between

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Protestant

text: with

text: a

text: complex

text: patchwork

text: of

text: majorities

text: over

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Geneva

text: converted

text: to

text: Protestantism

text: in

text: just

text: before

text: John

text: Calvin

text: arrived

text: there

text: One

text: canton

text: Appenzell

text: was

text: officially

text: divided

text: into

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Protestant

text: sections

text: in

text: The

text: larger

text: cities

text: and

text: their

text: cantons

text: Bern

text: Geneva

text: Lausanne

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Basel

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: predominantly

text: Protestant

text: Central

text: Switzerland

text: the

text: Valais

text: the

text: Ticino

text: Appenzell

text: Innerrhodes

text: the

text: Jura

text: and

text: Fribourg

text: are

text: traditionally

text: Catholic

text: The

text: Swiss

text: Constitution

text: of

text: under

text: the

text: recent

text: impression

text: of

text: the

text: clashes

text: of

text: Catholic

text: vs.

text: Protestant

text: cantons

text: that

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: Sonderbundskrieg

text: consciously

text: defines

text: a

text: consociational

text: state

text: allowing

text: the

text: peaceful

text: co

text: existence

text: of

text: Catholics

text: and

text: Protestants

text: A

text: initiative

text: calling

text: for

text: the

text: complete

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: voters

text: Some

text: traditionally

text: Protestant

text: cantons

text: and

text: cities

text: nowadays

text: have

text: a

text: slight

text: Catholic

text: majority

text: not

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: growing

text: in

text: members

text: quite

text: the

text: contrary

text: but

text: only

text: because

text: since

text: about

text: a

text: steadily

text: growing

text: minority

text: became

text: not

text: affiliated

text: with

text: any

text: church

text: or

text: other

text: religious

text: body

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: especially

text: in

text: traditionally

text: Protestant

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: Basel

text: City

text: canton

text: of

text: Neuchâtel

text: canton

text: of

text: Geneva

text: canton

text: of

text: Vaud

text: or

text: Zürich

text: city

text: city

text: canton

question: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?

answer: 1536

question: How is a consociational state defined by the Constitution of 1848?

answer: allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants

text: allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants

question: When was the calling for a complete separation from church and state rejected by the majority of voters?

answer: 1980

question: What percentage of voters rejected the separation of church and state in 1980?

answer: 78.9%


text: Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the ECB shoulder the burden of monetary expansion (and potential inflation) to save the weak member countries. Most central banks prefer to move weak assets off their balance sheets with some kind of agreement as to how the debt will continue to be serviced. This preference has typically led the ECB to argue that the weaker member countries must:

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: Rescue

text: operations

text: involving

text: sovereign

text: debt

text: have

text: included

text: temporarily

text: moving

text: bad

text: or

text: weak

text: assets

text: off

text: the

text: balance

text: sheets

text: of

text: the

text: weak

text: member

text: banks

text: into

text: the

text: balance

text: sheets

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: Such

text: action

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: monetisation

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: an

text: inflationary

text: threat

text: whereby

text: the

text: strong

text: member

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: ECB

text: shoulder

text: the

text: burden

text: of

text: monetary

text: expansion

text: and

text: potential

text: inflation

text: to

text: save

text: the

text: weak

text: member

text: countries

text: Most

text: central

text: banks

text: prefer

text: to

text: move

text: weak

text: assets

text: off

text: their

text: balance

text: sheets

text: with

text: some

text: kind

text: of

text: agreement

text: as

text: to

text: how

text: the

text: debt

text: will

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: serviced

text: This

text: preference

text: has

text: typically

text: led

text: the

text: ECB

text: to

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: weaker

text: member

text: countries

text: must

question: What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage?

answer: temporarily moving bad or weak assets

text: temporarily moving bad or weak assets

question: Where do bad and weak assets get moved in times of soverign debt crisis?

answer: the balance sheets of the European Central Bank

text: the balance sheets of the European Central Bank

question: What is shuffling around bad or weak debts from a weaker eurozone member to the ECB known as?

answer: monetisation

text: monetisation

question: What is monetisation usually viewed as?

answer: inflationary threat

text: inflationary threat

question: If the central banks can come to an agreement with the eurozone member about the continued repayment of the debt, what happens to the bad or weak debt?

answer: move weak assets off their balance sheets

text: move weak assets off their balance sheets

question: What can never be shuffled around during a sovereign debt crisis to mitigate the damage?

text: temporarily moving bad or weak assets

question: Where do bad and weak assets become restricted in times of sovereign debt crisis?

question: What is shuffling around good or strong debts from a weaker eurozone member to the ECB known as?

text: monetisation

question: What is monetisation rarely viewed as?

text: inflationary threat


text: The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay south and southwest of the Thames; and the smallest, Kentish region lay southeast of the Thames, a small corner of England. The Kentish region, settled by the Jutes from Jutland, has the scantiest literary remains.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: The

text: four

text: main

text: dialectal

text: forms

text: of

text: Old

text: English

text: were

text: Mercian

text: Northumbrian

text: Kentish

text: and

text: West

text: Saxon

text: Mercian

text: and

text: Northumbrian

text: are

text: together

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Anglian

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: geography

text: the

text: Northumbrian

text: region

text: lay

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Humber

text: River

text: the

text: Mercian

text: lay

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Thames

text: and

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: Humber

text: River

text: West

text: Saxon

text: lay

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: of

text: the

text: Thames

text: and

text: the

text: smallest

text: Kentish

text: region

text: lay

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Thames

text: a

text: small

text: corner

text: of

text: England

text: The

text: Kentish

text: region

text: settled

text: by

text: the

text: Jutes

text: from

text: Jutland

text: has

text: the

text: scantiest

text: literary

text: remains

question: Along with West Saxon, Northumbrian and Mercian, what was one of the four main dialects of Old English?

answer: Kentish

text: Kentish

question: What is a term that collectively refers to Northumbrian and Mercian?

answer: Anglian

text: Anglian

question: Geographically, what river was Northumbria north of?

answer: Humber

text: Humber

question: What river was the Mercian region south of?

answer: Humber

text: Humber

question: Which of the Old English dialects covered the smallest geograhical region?

answer: Kentish

text: Kentish

question: What were the four main dialects of Old German?

question: What two dialects were replaced with Anglian?

text: Mercian and Northumbrian

question: What region was south of the Thames and north of the Humber River?

text: Northumbrian

question: What region has the most literary remains?

text: The Kentish region


text: The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution. Elections are held every four years in universal suffrage (for all citizens above 18), with each of the twenty-four constituencies (see below) electing one or more representatives (senators) to the lower house of RMI's unicameral legislature, the Nitijela. (Majuro, the capital atoll, elects five senators.) The President, who is head of state as well as head of government, is elected by the 33 senators of the Nitijela. Four of the five Marshallese presidents who have been elected since the Constitution was adopted in 1979 have been traditional paramount chiefs.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: operates

text: under

text: a

text: mixed

text: parliamentary

text: presidential

text: system

text: as

text: set

text: forth

text: in

text: its

text: Constitution

text: Elections

text: are

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: in

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: for

text: all

text: citizens

text: above

text: with

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: twenty

text: four

text: constituencies

text: see

text: below

text: electing

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: representatives

text: senators

text: to

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: of

text: RMI

text: 's

text: unicameral

text: legislature

text: the

text: Nitijela

text: Majuro

text: the

text: capital

text: atoll

text: elects

text: five

text: senators

text: The

text: President

text: who

text: is

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: senators

text: of

text: the

text: Nitijela

text: Four

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: Marshallese

text: presidents

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: elected

text: since

text: the

text: Constitution

text: was

text: adopted

text: in

text: have

text: been

text: traditional

text: paramount

text: chiefs

question: What is the governing system of the Marshall Islands?

answer: parliamentary-presidential system

text: parliamentary-presidential system

question: How old must a citizen of the Marshall Islands be to vote?

answer: 18

question: How often are elections held in the Marshall Islands?

answer: every four years

text: every four years

question: What is the name of the Marshall Islands legislature?

answer: Nitijela

text: Nitijela

question: When was the most recent constitution of the Marshall Islands adopted?

answer: 1979


text: Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia's decision to restrict sales of hemp. Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: Sir

text: John

text: Call

text: argued

text: the

text: advantages

text: of

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: in

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: uninhabited

text: and

text: that

text: New

text: Zealand

text: flax

text: grew

text: there

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: included

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: as

text: an

text: auxiliary

text: settlement

text: as

text: proposed

text: by

text: John

text: Call

text: in

text: its

text: plan

text: for

text: colonisation

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: The

text: decision

text: to

text: settle

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: was

text: taken

text: due

text: to

text: Empress

text: Catherine

text: II

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: decision

text: to

text: restrict

text: sales

text: of

text: hemp

text: Practically

text: all

text: the

text: hemp

text: and

text: flax

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: for

text: cordage

text: and

text: sailcloth

text: was

text: imported

text: from

text: Russia

question: In what year did the British government include Norfolk Island as a auxiliary settlement?

answer: 1786

question: Who proposed the idea to include Norfolk Island as a British auxiliary settlement in 1786?

answer: John Call

text: John Call

question: In including Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, what Australian state did the British government plan to colonise?

answer: New South Wales

text: New South Wales

question: What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island?

answer: Empress Catherine II of Russia

text: Empress Catherine II of Russia

question: Where was the majority of the hemp and flax used by the Royal Navy imported from?

answer: Russia

text: Russia

question: What year did the German government include Norfolk Island as a auxiliary settlement?

question: Who rejected the idea to include Norfolk Island as a British auxiliary settlement in 1786?

text: John Call

question: What German state did the British government plan to colonise while including Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement?

text: New South Wales

question: What woman influenced the decision by the Russians to settle Norfolk Island?

text: Empress Catherine II of Russia

question: Where was the majority of the cheese and wine used by the Royal Navy imported from?

text: Russia


text: Some of the cleaner energy facilities in Boston include the Allston green district, with three ecologically compatible housing facilities. Boston is also breaking ground on multiple green affordable housing facilities to help reduce the carbon footprint of the city while simultaneously making these initiatives financially available to a greater population. Boston's climate plan is updated every three years and was most recently modified in 2013. This legislature includes the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Ordinance, which requires the city's larger buildings to disclose their yearly energy and water use statistics and partake in an energy assessment every five years. These statistics are made public by the city, thereby increasing incentives for buildings to be more environmentally conscious.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: cleaner

text: energy

text: facilities

text: in

text: Boston

text: include

text: the

text: Allston

text: green

text: district

text: with

text: three

text: ecologically

text: compatible

text: housing

text: facilities

text: Boston

text: is

text: also

text: breaking

text: ground

text: on

text: multiple

text: green

text: affordable

text: housing

text: facilities

text: to

text: help

text: reduce

text: the

text: carbon

text: footprint

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: while

text: simultaneously

text: making

text: these

text: initiatives

text: financially

text: available

text: to

text: a

text: greater

text: population

text: Boston

text: 's

text: climate

text: plan

text: is

text: updated

text: every

text: three

text: years

text: and

text: was

text: most

text: recently

text: modified

text: in

text: This

text: legislature

text: includes

text: the

text: Building

text: Energy

text: Reporting

text: and

text: Disclosure

text: Ordinance

text: which

text: requires

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: larger

text: buildings

text: to

text: disclose

text: their

text: yearly

text: energy

text: and

text: water

text: use

text: statistics

text: and

text: partake

text: in

text: an

text: energy

text: assessment

text: every

text: five

text: years

text: These

text: statistics

text: are

text: made

text: public

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: thereby

text: increasing

text: incentives

text: for

text: buildings

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: environmentally

text: conscious

question: Allston Green District is an example of what?

answer: cleaner energy facilities

text: cleaner energy facilities

question: How many green housing facilities does the Allston green District contain?

answer: three

text: three

question: How often is Boston's climate plan updated?

answer: every three years

text: every three years

question: When was the last time the climate plan was modified?

answer: in 2013

text: in 2013


text: The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others. Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium. Individuals seeking their aid did so away from the public gaze, during the hours of darkness. Burial grounds and isolated crossroads were among the likely portals. The barrier between private religious practices and "magic" is permeable, and Ovid gives a vivid account of rites at the fringes of the public Feralia festival that are indistinguishable from magic: an old woman squats among a circle of younger women, sews up a fish-head, smears it with pitch, then pierces and roasts it to "bind hostile tongues to silence". By this she invokes Tacita, the "Silent One" of the underworld.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: Twelve

text: Tables

text: forbade

text: any

text: harmful

text: incantation

text: malum

text: carmen

text: or

text: noisome

text: metrical

text: charm

text: this

text: included

text: the

text: charming

text: of

text: crops

text: from

text: one

text: field

text: to

text: another

text: excantatio

text: frugum

text: and

text: any

text: rite

text: that

text: sought

text: harm

text: or

text: death

text: to

text: others

text: Chthonic

text: deities

text: functioned

text: at

text: the

text: margins

text: of

text: Rome

text: 's

text: divine

text: and

text: human

text: communities

text: although

text: sometimes

text: the

text: recipients

text: of

text: public

text: rites

text: these

text: were

text: conducted

text: outside

text: the

text: sacred

text: boundary

text: of

text: the

text: pomerium

text: Individuals

text: seeking

text: their

text: aid

text: did

text: so

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: public

text: gaze

text: during

text: the

text: hours

text: of

text: darkness

text: Burial

text: grounds

text: and

text: isolated

text: crossroads

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: likely

text: portals

text: The

text: barrier

text: between

text: private

text: religious

text: practices

text: and

text: magic

text: is

text: permeable

text: and

text: Ovid

text: gives

text: a

text: vivid

text: account

text: of

text: rites

text: at

text: the

text: fringes

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: Feralia

text: festival

text: that

text: are

text: indistinguishable

text: from

text: magic

text: an

text: old

text: woman

text: squats

text: among

text: a

text: circle

text: of

text: younger

text: women

text: sews

text: up

text: a

text: fish

text: head

text: smears

text: it

text: with

text: pitch

text: then

text: pierces

text: and

text: roasts

text: it

text: to

text: bind

text: hostile

text: tongues

text: to

text: silence

text: By

text: this

text: she

text: invokes

text: Tacita

text: the

text: Silent

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: underworld

question: What forbid harmful  incantations?

answer: Twelve Tables

text: Twelve Tables

question: What deities were on the edge of Roman religious community?

answer: Chthonic

text: Chthonic

question: What did people seeking the aid of magicians avoid?

answer: public gaze

text: public gaze

question: What could public rites and magic easily become in some circumstances?

answer: indistinguishable

text: indistinguishable

question: Where was magic conducted in Rome?

answer: outside the sacred boundary

text: outside the sacred boundary