text: Several notable features have been removed in Windows 8, beginning with the traditional Start menu. Support for playing DVD-Video was removed from Windows Media Player due to the cost of licensing the necessary decoders (especially for devices which do not include optical disc drives at all) and the prevalence of online streaming services. For the same reasons, Windows Media Center is not included by default on Windows 8, but Windows Media Center and DVD playback support can be purchased in the "Pro Pack" (which upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro) or "Media Center Pack" add-on for Windows 8 Pro. As with prior versions, third-party DVD player software can still be used to enable DVD playback.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Several

text: notable

text: features

text: have

text: been

text: removed

text: in

text: Windows

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: traditional

text: Start

text: menu

text: Support

text: for

text: playing

text: DVD

text: Video

text: was

text: removed

text: from

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Player

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: licensing

text: the

text: necessary

text: decoders

text: especially

text: for

text: devices

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: include

text: optical

text: disc

text: drives

text: at

text: all

text: and

text: the

text: prevalence

text: of

text: online

text: streaming

text: services

text: For

text: the

text: same

text: reasons

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Center

text: is

text: not

text: included

text: by

text: default

text: on

text: Windows

text: but

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Center

text: and

text: DVD

text: playback

text: support

text: can

text: be

text: purchased

text: in

text: the

text: Pro

text: Pack

text: which

text: upgrades

text: the

text: system

text: to

text: Windows

text: Pro

text: or

text: Media

text: Center

text: Pack

text: add

text: on

text: for

text: Windows

text: Pro

text: As

text: with

text: prior

text: versions

text: third

text: party

text: DVD

text: player

text: software

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: enable

text: DVD

text: playback

question: Why was the ability to play DVD-Video taken off of Windows Media Player?

answer: the cost of licensing the necessary decoders

text: the cost of licensing the necessary decoders

question: What does the Pro Pack do?

answer: upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro

text: upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro

question: Which main feature was removed in Windows 8?

answer: the traditional Start menu

text: the traditional Start menu

question: Why was the ability to play BR-Video taken off of Windows Media Player?

question: Why was the ability to play DVD-Video taken off of Windows Picture Player?

question: What doesn't the Pro Pack do?

text: upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro

question: What does the Mod Pack do?

text: upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro

question: Which main feature was removed in Windows 9?

text: traditional Start menu


text: One of the more prominent contestants this year was Chris Medina, whose story of caring for his brain-damaged fiancée received widespread coverage. Medina was cut in the Top 40 round. Casey Abrams, who suffers from ulcerative colitis, was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show. The judges used their one save on Abrams on the Top 11, and as a result this was the first season that 11 finalists went on tour instead of 10. In the following week, Naima Adedapo and Thia Megia were both eliminated the following week.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: prominent

text: contestants

text: this

text: year

text: was

text: Chris

text: Medina

text: whose

text: story

text: of

text: caring

text: for

text: his

text: brain

text: damaged

text: fiancée

text: received

text: widespread

text: coverage

text: Medina

text: was

text: cut

text: in

text: the

text: Top

text: round

text: Casey

text: Abrams

text: who

text: suffers

text: from

text: ulcerative

text: colitis

text: was

text: hospitalized

text: twice

text: and

text: missed

text: the

text: Top

text: result

text: show

text: The

text: judges

text: used

text: their

text: one

text: save

text: on

text: Abrams

text: on

text: the

text: Top

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: that

text: finalists

text: went

text: on

text: tour

text: instead

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: following

text: week

text: Naima

text: Adedapo

text: and

text: Thia

text: Megia

text: were

text: both

text: eliminated

text: the

text: following

text: week

question: Which contestant had a fiancé that had suffered brain damage?

answer: Chris Medina

text: Chris Medina

question: In which round was Chris Medina eliminated n season ten of American Idol?

answer: Top 40

text: Top 40

question: Which season ten contestant was in the hospital instead of at the Top 13 results show?

answer: Casey Abrams

text: Casey Abrams

question: Which contestants did the judges save on season ten of American Idol?

answer: Casey Abrams

text: Casey Abrams

question: Which contestant cared for his brain-damaged fiancee?

answer: Chris Medina

text: Chris Medina

question: When was Medina eliminated from the competition?

answer: Top 40 round

text: Top 40 round

question: Which contestant suffered from ulcerative colitis?

answer: Casey Abrams

text: Casey Abrams

question: Which show did Abrams miss because he was in the hospital?

answer: Top 13 result show

text: Top 13 result show


text: In February 2016, it was confirmed by BBC Worldwide that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme, being sold nearly 1000 times to overseas broadcasters.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: In

text: February

text: it

text: was

text: confirmed

text: by

text: BBC

text: Worldwide

text: that

text: Keeping

text: Up

text: Appearances

text: is

text: the

text: corporation

text: 's

text: most

text: exported

text: television

text: programme

text: being

text: sold

text: nearly

text: times

text: to

text: overseas

text: broadcasters

question: As of early 2016, what BBC show has been sold outside of the country the most times?

answer: Keeping Up Appearances

text: Keeping Up Appearances

question: How many sales of Keeping Up Appearances have been made to non-British buyers?

answer: nearly 1000

text: nearly 1000

question: Who announced the status of Keeping Up Appearances as the most exported BBC show?

answer: BBC Worldwide

text: BBC Worldwide

question: What was confirmed about Keeping Up With Appearances?

question: How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters?


text: Since 2005, the USAF has placed a strong focus on the improvement of Basic Military Training (BMT) for enlisted personnel. While the intense training has become longer, it also has shifted to include a deployment phase. This deployment phase, now called the BEAST, places the trainees in a surreal environment that they may experience once they deploy. While the trainees do tackle the massive obstacle courses along with the BEAST, the other portions include defending and protecting their base of operations, forming a structure of leadership, directing search and recovery, and basic self aid buddy care. During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Since

text: the

text: USAF

text: has

text: placed

text: a

text: strong

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: improvement

text: of

text: Basic

text: Military

text: Training

text: BMT

text: for

text: enlisted

text: personnel

text: While

text: the

text: intense

text: training

text: has

text: become

text: longer

text: it

text: also

text: has

text: shifted

text: to

text: include

text: a

text: deployment

text: phase

text: This

text: deployment

text: phase

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: BEAST

text: places

text: the

text: trainees

text: in

text: a

text: surreal

text: environment

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: experience

text: once

text: they

text: deploy

text: While

text: the

text: trainees

text: do

text: tackle

text: the

text: massive

text: obstacle

text: courses

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: BEAST

text: the

text: other

text: portions

text: include

text: defending

text: and

text: protecting

text: their

text: base

text: of

text: operations

text: forming

text: a

text: structure

text: of

text: leadership

text: directing

text: search

text: and

text: recovery

text: and

text: basic

text: self

text: aid

text: buddy

text: care

text: During

text: this

text: event

text: the

text: Military

text: Training

text: Instructors

text: MTI

text: act

text: as

text: mentors

text: and

text: enemy

text: forces

text: in

text: a

text: deployment

text: exercise

question: What did the USAF strive to improve since 2005?

answer: Basic Military Training

text: Basic Military Training

question: What is the deployment phase of BMT called?

answer: BEAST

text: BEAST

question: What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT?

answer: directing search and recovery

text: directing search and recovery

question: Who acts as a mentor during this deployment phase of the BMT?

answer: Military Training Instructors

text: Military Training Instructors


text: By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence for captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts, and even colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area—from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and as far east as central Iran.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Uruk

text: period

text: c.

text: BC

text: calibrated

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: trade

text: goods

text: transported

text: along

text: the

text: canals

text: and

text: rivers

text: of

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: facilitated

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: many

text: large

text: stratified

text: temple

text: centered

text: cities

text: with

text: populations

text: of

text: over

text: people

text: where

text: centralized

text: administrations

text: employed

text: specialized

text: workers

text: It

text: is

text: fairly

text: certain

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: during

text: the

text: Uruk

text: period

text: that

text: Sumerian

text: cities

text: began

text: to

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: slave

text: labor

text: captured

text: from

text: the

text: hill

text: country

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: ample

text: evidence

text: for

text: captured

text: slaves

text: as

text: workers

text: in

text: the

text: earliest

text: texts

text: Artifacts

text: and

text: even

text: colonies

text: of

text: this

text: Uruk

text: civilization

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: over

text: a

text: wide

text: area

text: from

text: the

text: Taurus

text: Mountains

text: in

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: as

text: far

text: east

text: as

text: central

text: Iran

question: What facilitated the rise of Sumerian cities?

answer: trade goods

text: trade goods

question: How were trade goods transported in southern Mesopotamia?

answer: transported along the canals and rivers

text: transported along the canals and rivers

question: How many people lived in the cities?

answer: over 10,000

text: over 10,000

question: During which period did Sumerian cities begin using slave labor?

answer: Uruk

text: Uruk

question: What have been found as far east as central Iran?

answer: Artifacts

text: Artifacts

question: What period ranged from the 41st to the 29th century BC?

text: Uruk period

question: What was transported along the rovers and canals of northern Mesopotamia?

text: goods

question: Who employed many laborers in the cities?

text: centralized administrations

question: When did Sumerians stop using slave labor?

text: Uruk period


text: Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by Kazakhstan and Russia across the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 78.4 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country that has both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. Iran has long been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Iran

text: /aɪˈræn/

text: or

text: i

text: ɪˈrɑːn/

text: Persian

text: Irān

text: ایران

text: ʔiːˈɾɒːn

text: listen

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: /ˈpɜːrʒə/

text: or

text: /ˈpɜːrʃə/

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: جمهوری

text: اسلامی

text: ایران

text: Jomhuri

text: ye

text: Eslāmi

text: ye

text: Irān

text: d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije

text: eslɒːˌmije

text: ʔiːˈɾɒːn

text: is

text: a

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Kazakhstan

text: and

text: Russia

text: across

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: a

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: sq

text: mi

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: that

text: has

text: both

text: a

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: Iran

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: of

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

question: Which country borders Iran to Iran's northwest?

answer: Armenia

text: Armenia

question: What is Iran's land mass in square miles?

answer: 636,372 sq mi

text: 636,372 sq mi

question: How many people live in Iran?

answer: 78.4 million

text: 78.4 million

question: What is the unofficial name for Iran?

answer: Persia

text: Persia

question: What is Iran's official country name?

answer: the Islamic Republic of Iran

text: the Islamic Republic of Iran


text: The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek hosts major international touring acts. In 2011, the Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater opened (now sponsored as the Red Hat Amphitheater), which hosts numerous concerts primarily in the summer months. An additional amphitheater sits on the grounds of the North Carolina Museum of Art, which hosts a summer concert series and outdoor movies. Nearby Cary is home to the Koka Booth Amphitheatre which hosts additional summer concerts and outdoor movies, and serves as the venue for regularly scheduled outdoor concerts by the North Carolina Symphony based in Raleigh. During the North Carolina State Fair, Dorton Arena hosts headline acts. The private Lincoln Theatre is one of several clubs in downtown Raleigh that schedules many concerts throughout the year in multiple formats (rock, pop, country).

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: The

text: Time

text: Warner

text: Cable

text: Music

text: Pavilion

text: at

text: Walnut

text: Creek

text: hosts

text: major

text: international

text: touring

text: acts

text: In

text: the

text: Downtown

text: Raleigh

text: Amphitheater

text: opened

text: now

text: sponsored

text: as

text: the

text: Red

text: Hat

text: Amphitheater

text: which

text: hosts

text: numerous

text: concerts

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: months

text: An

text: additional

text: amphitheater

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: which

text: hosts

text: a

text: summer

text: concert

text: series

text: and

text: outdoor

text: movies

text: Nearby

text: Cary

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Koka

text: Booth

text: Amphitheatre

text: which

text: hosts

text: additional

text: summer

text: concerts

text: and

text: outdoor

text: movies

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: venue

text: for

text: regularly

text: scheduled

text: outdoor

text: concerts

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Symphony

text: based

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: During

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: State

text: Fair

text: Dorton

text: Arena

text: hosts

text: headline

text: acts

text: The

text: private

text: Lincoln

text: Theatre

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: clubs

text: in

text: downtown

text: Raleigh

text: that

text: schedules

text: many

text: concerts

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: in

text: multiple

text: formats

text: rock

text: pop

text: country

question: Where are major touring acts hosted in the city?

answer: The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion

text: The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion

question: What is the Red Hat Amphitheater also called?

answer: Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater

text: Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater

question: What event plaza is in Cary?

answer: Koka Booth Amphitheatre

text: Koka Booth Amphitheatre

question: Where is the North Carolina State Fair?

answer: Dorton Arena

text: Dorton Arena

question: What is the Lincoln Theater downtown?

answer: one of several clubs in downtown Raleigh that schedules many concerts

text: one of several clubs in downtown Raleigh that schedules many concerts

question: What opened in 2012?

text: Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater

question: What used to be known as Red Hat?

text: Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater

question: Where is the North Carolina County Fair?

text: Dorton Arena

question: What is the Ford Theater downtown?

text: one of several clubs in downtown


text: In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the Professor of Physiology John Carew Eccles and formed a lifelong friendship with him. In 1946, after the Second World War, he moved to the United Kingdom to become reader in logic and scientific method at the London School of Economics. Three years later, in 1949, he was appointed professor of logic and scientific method at the University of London. Popper was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1958 to 1959. He retired from academic life in 1969, though he remained intellectually active for the rest of his life. In 1985, he returned to Austria so that his wife could have her relatives around her during the last months of her life; she died in November that year. After the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft failed to establish him as the director of a newly founded branch researching the philosophy of science, he went back again to the United Kingdom in 1986, settling in Kenley, Surrey.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: In

text: Popper

text: finally

text: managed

text: to

text: get

text: a

text: position

text: that

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: emigrate

text: to

text: New

text: Zealand

text: where

text: he

text: became

text: lecturer

text: in

text: philosophy

text: at

text: Canterbury

text: University

text: College

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: in

text: Christchurch

text: It

text: was

text: here

text: that

text: he

text: wrote

text: his

text: influential

text: work

text: The

text: Open

text: Society

text: and

text: its

text: Enemies

text: In

text: Dunedin

text: he

text: met

text: the

text: Professor

text: of

text: Physiology

text: John

text: Carew

text: Eccles

text: and

text: formed

text: a

text: lifelong

text: friendship

text: with

text: him

text: In

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: to

text: become

text: reader

text: in

text: logic

text: and

text: scientific

text: method

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: School

text: of

text: Economics

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: professor

text: of

text: logic

text: and

text: scientific

text: method

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: London

text: Popper

text: was

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Aristotelian

text: Society

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: retired

text: from

text: academic

text: life

text: in

text: though

text: he

text: remained

text: intellectually

text: active

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: In

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: Austria

text: so

text: that

text: his

text: wife

text: could

text: have

text: her

text: relatives

text: around

text: her

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: months

text: of

text: her

text: life

text: she

text: died

text: in

text: November

text: that

text: year

text: After

text: the

text: Ludwig

text: Boltzmann

text: Gesellschaft

text: failed

text: to

text: establish

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: a

text: newly

text: founded

text: branch

text: researching

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: science

text: he

text: went

text: back

text: again

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: settling

text: in

text: Kenley

text: Surrey

question: Where did Popper move in 1937?

answer: New Zealand

text: New Zealand

question: Where was Popper's academic appointment in New Zealand?

answer: Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand

text: Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand

question: Which lifelong friend did Popper make in Dunedin?

answer: John Carew Eccles

text: John Carew Eccles

question: What philosophical fields did Popper teach at the London School of Economics?

answer: logic and scientific method

text: logic and scientific method

question: Which Austrian school's failure to give Popper a directorship prompted him to return to the United Kingdom at the end of his life?

answer: Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft

text: Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft

question: What year did Popper become a lecturer in biology?

question: What was the title of John Carew Eccles's influential work?

text: The Open Society and its Enemies

question: What month was Popper's wife born in?

text: November

question: What year did John Carew Eccles move to the United Kingdom?

question: What university was Popper appointed a professor of astronomy at?

text: University of London


text: These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of serving them. The temples organized the mass labour projects needed for irrigation agriculture. Citizens had a labor duty to the temple, though they could avoid it by a payment of silver.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: These

text: deities

text: formed

text: a

text: core

text: pantheon

text: there

text: were

text: additionally

text: hundreds

text: of

text: minor

text: ones

text: Sumerian

text: gods

text: could

text: thus

text: have

text: associations

text: with

text: different

text: cities

text: and

text: their

text: religious

text: importance

text: often

text: waxed

text: and

text: waned

text: with

text: those

text: cities

text: political

text: power

text: The

text: gods

text: were

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: created

text: human

text: beings

text: from

text: clay

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: serving

text: them

text: The

text: temples

text: organized

text: the

text: mass

text: labour

text: projects

text: needed

text: for

text: irrigation

text: agriculture

text: Citizens

text: had

text: a

text: labor

text: duty

text: to

text: the

text: temple

text: though

text: they

text: could

text: avoid

text: it

text: by

text: a

text: payment

text: of

text: silver

question: What did the Sumerian deities form?

answer: a core pantheon

text: a core pantheon

question: What could Sumerian gods be associated with?

answer: different cities

text: different cities

question: What did the religious importance of city gods wax and wan with?

answer: those cities' political power

text: those cities' political power

question: Why did the gods create human beings from clay?

answer: for the purpose of serving them

text: for the purpose of serving them

question: How could a citizen avoid their labor duty to their local temple?

answer: a payment of silver

text: a payment of silver

question: What did each Sumerian city have?

text: gods

question: What changed with a particular gods popularity?

text: cities' political power.

question: Who made humans for their amusement?

text: gods

question: who organized large building projects?

text: The temples


text: On 20 May 2009, May and Taylor performed "We Are the Champions" live on the season finale of American Idol with winner Kris Allen and runner-up Adam Lambert providing a vocal duet. In mid-2009, after the split of Queen + Paul Rodgers, the Queen online website announced a new greatest hits compilation named Absolute Greatest. The album was released on 16 November and peaked at number 3 in the official UK Chart. The album contains 20 of Queen's biggest hits spanning their entire career and was released in four different formats: single disc, double disc (with commentary), double disc with feature book, and a vinyl record. Prior to its release, a competition was run by Queen online to guess the track listing as a promotion for the album.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: On

text: May

text: May

text: and

text: Taylor

text: performed

text: We

text: Are

text: the

text: Champions

text: live

text: on

text: the

text: season

text: finale

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: with

text: winner

text: Kris

text: Allen

text: and

text: runner

text: up

text: Adam

text: Lambert

text: providing

text: a

text: vocal

text: duet

text: In

text: after

text: the

text: split

text: of

text: Queen

text: Paul

text: Rodgers

text: the

text: Queen

text: online

text: website

text: announced

text: a

text: new

text: greatest

text: hits

text: compilation

text: named

text: Absolute

text: Greatest

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: official

text: UK

text: Chart

text: The

text: album

text: contains

text: of

text: Queen

text: 's

text: biggest

text: hits

text: spanning

text: their

text: entire

text: career

text: and

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: four

text: different

text: formats

text: single

text: disc

text: double

text: disc

text: with

text: commentary

text: double

text: disc

text: with

text: feature

text: book

text: and

text: a

text: vinyl

text: record

text: Prior

text: to

text: its

text: release

text: a

text: competition

text: was

text: run

text: by

text: Queen

text: online

text: to

text: guess

text: the

text: track

text: listing

text: as

text: a

text: promotion

text: for

text: the

text: album

question: On 20 May 2009 which Queen members performed We are the Champions on American Idol?

answer: May and Taylor

text: May and Taylor

question: What was the name of the Greatest Hits compilation Queen released after the split from Paul Rodgers?

answer: Absolute Greatest

text: Absolute Greatest

question: Which two American idol contestants performed a duet with Queen on American Idol?

answer: winner Kris Allen and runner-up Adam Lambert

text: winner Kris Allen and runner-up Adam Lambert

question: What day in 2009 was Queen's Absolute Greatest released?

answer: 16 November

text: 16 November


text: During the 1950s the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success. The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice in a controversial knock-out round of the European Cup, with Madrid receiving unfavourable treatment from the referee. In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and Madrid's win was watched by more than 500 million people.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: During

text: the

text: the

text: rivalry

text: was

text: exacerbated

text: further

text: when

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: controversy

text: surrounding

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: Alfredo

text: di

text: Stéfano

text: who

text: finally

text: played

text: for

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: and

text: was

text: key

text: to

text: their

text: subsequent

text: success

text: The

text: saw

text: the

text: rivalry

text: reach

text: the

text: European

text: stage

text: when

text: they

text: met

text: twice

text: in

text: a

text: controversial

text: knock

text: out

text: round

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Cup

text: with

text: Madrid

text: receiving

text: unfavourable

text: treatment

text: from

text: the

text: referee

text: In

text: the

text: European

text: encounter

text: between

text: the

text: clubs

text: was

text: dubbed

text: the

text: Match

text: of

text: The

text: Century

text: by

text: Spanish

text: media

text: and

text: Madrid

text: 's

text: win

text: was

text: watched

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

question: In 1950 what player was successful for Real Madrid?

answer: Alfredo di Stéfano

text: Alfredo di Stéfano

question: When did Barcelona meet Real Madrid twice in Europe?

answer: 1960s

question: What was a match between Real Madrid and Barcelona called in 2002?

answer: Match of The Century

text: Match of The Century

question: How many people watched the Match of the Century?

answer: 500 million

text: 500 million

question: Which team won the 2002 match between Real Madrid and Barcelona?

answer: Madrid

text: Madrid


text: J'ouvert, or "Dirty Mas", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday. It means ""opening of the day". Revelers dress in costumes embodying puns on current affairs, especially political and social events. "Clean Mud" (clay mud), oil paint and body paint are familiar during J'ouvert. A common character is "Jab-jabs" (devils, blue, black or red) complete with pitchfork, pointed horns and tails. A King and Queen of J'ouvert are chosen, based on their witty political/social messages.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: J'ouvert

text: or

text: Dirty

text: Mas

text: takes

text: place

text: before

text: dawn

text: on

text: the

text: Monday

text: known

text: as

text: Carnival

text: Monday

text: before

text: Ash

text: Wednesday

text: It

text: means

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: Revelers

text: dress

text: in

text: costumes

text: embodying

text: puns

text: on

text: current

text: affairs

text: especially

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: events

text: Clean

text: Mud

text: clay

text: mud

text: oil

text: paint

text: and

text: body

text: paint

text: are

text: familiar

text: during

text: J'ouvert

text: A

text: common

text: character

text: is

text: Jab

text: jabs

text: devils

text: blue

text: black

text: or

text: red

text: complete

text: with

text: pitchfork

text: pointed

text: horns

text: and

text: tails

text: A

text: King

text: and

text: Queen

text: of

text: J'ouvert

text: are

text: chosen

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: witty

text: political

text: social

text: messages

question: When does  Dirty Mas take place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday?

answer: before dawn

text: before dawn

question: What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about?

answer: current affairs,

text: current affairs,

question: What is "Clean Mud"?

answer: clay

text: clay

question: What are "jab-jabs"?

answer: devils

text: devils

question: How are the King and Queen of J'ouvert chosen?

answer: based on their witty political/social messages

text: based on their witty political/social messages


text: Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically "Theravadin", but is instead the collection of teachings that this school preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings. According to Peter Harvey, it contains material at odds with later Theravadin orthodoxy. He states: "The Theravadins, then, may have added texts to the Canon for some time, but they do not appear to have tampered with what they already had from an earlier period."

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: in

text: the

text: Canon

text: is

text: not

text: specifically

text: Theravadin

text: but

text: is

text: instead

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: teachings

text: that

text: this

text: school

text: preserved

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: non

text: sectarian

text: body

text: of

text: teachings

text: According

text: to

text: Peter

text: Harvey

text: it

text: contains

text: material

text: at

text: odds

text: with

text: later

text: Theravadin

text: orthodoxy

text: He

text: states

text: The

text: Theravadins

text: then

text: may

text: have

text: added

text: texts

text: to

text: the

text: Canon

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: but

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: tampered

text: with

text: what

text: they

text: already

text: had

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: period

question: Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically what?

answer: Theravadin

text: Theravadin

question: Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time?

answer: The Theravadins

text: The Theravadins


text: In 2003 the paper was accused of racism by the Government over its criticisms of what it perceived as the "open door" policy on immigration. The attacks came from the Prime Minister's press spokesman Alastair Campbell and the Home Secretary David Blunkett (later a Sun columnist). The paper rebutted the claim, believing that it was not racist to suggest that a "tide" of unchecked illegal immigrants was increasing the risk of terrorist attacks and infectious diseases. It did not help its argument by publishing a front page story on 4 July 2003, under the headline "Swan Bake", which claimed that asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans. It later proved to have no basis in fact. Subsequently The Sun published a follow-up headlined "Now they're after our fish!". Following a Press Complaints Commission adjudication a "clarification" was eventually printed, on page 41. In 2005 The Sun published photographs of Prince Harry sporting a Nazi costume to a fancy dress party. The photographs caused outrage across the world and Clarence House was forced to issue a statement in response apologising for any offence or embarrassment caused.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: In

text: the

text: paper

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: racism

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: over

text: its

text: criticisms

text: of

text: what

text: it

text: perceived

text: as

text: the

text: open

text: door

text: policy

text: on

text: immigration

text: The

text: attacks

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: 's

text: press

text: spokesman

text: Alastair

text: Campbell

text: and

text: the

text: Home

text: Secretary

text: David

text: Blunkett

text: later

text: a

text: Sun

text: columnist

text: The

text: paper

text: rebutted

text: the

text: claim

text: believing

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: racist

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: a

text: tide

text: of

text: unchecked

text: illegal

text: immigrants

text: was

text: increasing

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: terrorist

text: attacks

text: and

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: help

text: its

text: argument

text: by

text: publishing

text: a

text: front

text: page

text: story

text: on

text: July

text: under

text: the

text: headline

text: Swan

text: Bake

text: which

text: claimed

text: that

text: asylum

text: seekers

text: were

text: slaughtering

text: and

text: eating

text: swans

text: It

text: later

text: proved

text: to

text: have

text: no

text: basis

text: in

text: fact

text: Subsequently

text: The

text: Sun

text: published

text: a

text: follow

text: up

text: headlined

text: Now

text: they

text: 're

text: after

text: our

text: fish

text: Following

text: a

text: Press

text: Complaints

text: Commission

text: adjudication

text: a

text: clarification

text: was

text: eventually

text: printed

text: on

text: page

text: In

text: The

text: Sun

text: published

text: photographs

text: of

text: Prince

text: Harry

text: sporting

text: a

text: Nazi

text: costume

text: to

text: a

text: fancy

text: dress

text: party

text: The

text: photographs

text: caused

text: outrage

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: Clarence

text: House

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: issue

text: a

text: statement

text: in

text: response

text: apologising

text: for

text: any

text: offence

text: or

text: embarrassment

text: caused

question: What allegation did the government level against The Sun in 2003?

answer: racism

text: racism

question: Who specifically leveled the allegations against The Sun?

answer: Prime Minister's press spokesman Alastair Campbell and the Home Secretary David Blunkett

text: Prime Minister's press spokesman Alastair Campbell and the Home Secretary David Blunkett

question: What did a 4 July 2003 front page story claim?

answer: asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans

text: asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans

question: From which issue did claims that The Sun was racist stem?

answer: immigration

text: immigration

question: Who did The Sun print pictures of in a Nazi outfit in 2005?

answer: Prince Harry

text: Prince Harry


text: Interstate 10, which runs southeast to northwest through town, connects Tucson to Phoenix to the northwest on the way to its western terminus in Santa Monica, California, and to Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas toward its eastern terminus in Jacksonville, Florida. I-19 runs south from Tucson toward Nogales and the U.S.-Mexico border. I-19 is the only Interstate highway that uses "kilometer posts" instead of "mileposts", although the speed limits are marked in miles per hour instead of kilometers per hour.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Interstate

text: which

text: runs

text: southeast

text: to

text: northwest

text: through

text: town

text: connects

text: Tucson

text: to

text: Phoenix

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: its

text: western

text: terminus

text: in

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: California

text: and

text: to

text: Las

text: Cruces

text: New

text: Mexico

text: and

text: El

text: Paso

text: Texas

text: toward

text: its

text: eastern

text: terminus

text: in

text: Jacksonville

text: Florida

text: runs

text: south

text: from

text: Tucson

text: toward

text: Nogales

text: and

text: the

text: U.S

text: Mexico

text: border

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: Interstate

text: highway

text: that

text: uses

text: kilometer

text: posts

text: instead

text: of

text: mileposts

text: although

text: the

text: speed

text: limits

text: are

text: marked

text: in

text: miles

text: per

text: hour

text: instead

text: of

text: kilometers

text: per

text: hour

question: Which interstate is the only one that uses kilometer posts instead of mileposts?

answer: I-19

question: Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers?

answer: miles

text: miles

question: What border does I-19 come close to?

answer: U.S.-Mexico border

text: U.S.-Mexico border

question: Which interstate would you take to go to Jackson Florida from Tuscon Arizona?

answer: Interstate 10

text: Interstate 10

question: Which direction does I-10 run through Tucson?

answer: southeast to northwest

text: southeast to northwest

question: What is the next major town to the west on I-10?

answer: Phoenix

text: Phoenix

question: What is the next major town to the east on I-10?

answer: Las Cruces, New Mexico

text: Las Cruces, New Mexico

question: Which direction does I-19 run from Tucson?

answer: south

text: south

question: What is unusual about I-19?

answer: the only Interstate highway that uses "kilometer posts" instead of "mileposts"

text: the only Interstate highway that uses "kilometer posts" instead of "mileposts"


text: Presbyterianism is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland (after the Anglican Church of Ireland),[citation needed] and was brought by Scottish plantation settlers to Ulster who had been strongly encouraged to emigrate by James VI of Scotland, later James I of England. An estimated 100,000 Scottish Presbyterians moved to the northern counties of Ireland between 1607 and the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.[citation needed] The Presbytery of Ulster was formed in 1642 separately from the established Anglican Church. Presbyterians, along with Roman Catholics in Ulster and the rest of Ireland, suffered under the discriminatory Penal Laws until they were revoked in the early 19th century. Presbyterianism is represented in Ireland by the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, the Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church.

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: Presbyterianism

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: Protestant

text: denomination

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: after

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Church

text: of

text: Ireland),[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: was

text: brought

text: by

text: Scottish

text: plantation

text: settlers

text: to

text: Ulster

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: strongly

text: encouraged

text: to

text: emigrate

text: by

text: James

text: VI

text: of

text: Scotland

text: later

text: James

text: I

text: of

text: England

text: An

text: estimated

text: Scottish

text: Presbyterians

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: counties

text: of

text: Ireland

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Boyne

text: in

text: needed

text: The

text: Presbytery

text: of

text: Ulster

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: separately

text: from

text: the

text: established

text: Anglican

text: Church

text: Presbyterians

text: along

text: with

text: Roman

text: Catholics

text: in

text: Ulster

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Ireland

text: suffered

text: under

text: the

text: discriminatory

text: Penal

text: Laws

text: until

text: they

text: were

text: revoked

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Presbyterianism

text: is

text: represented

text: in

text: Ireland

text: by

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: in

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Free

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: Ulster

text: the

text: Non

text: subscribing

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Reformed

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: the

text: Evangelical

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

question: What is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland?

answer: Presbyterianism

text: Presbyterianism

question: What is the largest denomination of the entire Ireland Island?

answer: Anglican Church of Ireland

text: Anglican Church of Ireland

question: How many Scottie Presbyterians moved to the northern counties in Ireland?

answer: 100,000

question: When was he Presbytery of Ulster formed?

answer: 1642

question: Which religion is the second largest denomination in Northern Ireland?

text: Presbyterianism

question: Which religion is the largest denomination on the island of Ireland?

text: Presbyterianism

question: What did Ulster bring t o Scottish plantation settlers?

text: Presbyterianism

question: How man Irish Presbyterians moved to northern Scotland?

question: In what year was the Battle of the Ulster?


text: Although his support had been essential to Shunzhi's ascent, Dorgon had through the years centralised so much power in his hands as to become a direct threat to the throne. So much so that upon his death he was extraordinarily bestowed the posthumous title of Emperor Yi (Chinese: 義皇帝), the only instance in Qing history in which a Manchu "prince of the blood" (Chinese: 親王) was so honored. Two months into Shunzhi's personal rule, Dorgon was not only stripped of his titles, but his corpse was disinterred and mutilated.[b] to atone for multiple "crimes", one of which was persecuting to death Shunzhi’s agnate eldest brother, Hooge. More importantly, Dorgon's symbolic fall from grace also signaled a political purge of his family and associates at court, thus reverting power back to the person of the emperor. After a promising start, Shunzhi's reign was cut short by his early death in 1661 at the age of twenty-four from smallpox. He was succeeded by his third son Xuanye, who reigned as the Kangxi Emperor.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Although

text: his

text: support

text: had

text: been

text: essential

text: to

text: Shunzhi

text: 's

text: ascent

text: Dorgon

text: had

text: through

text: the

text: years

text: centralised

text: so

text: much

text: power

text: in

text: his

text: hands

text: as

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: direct

text: threat

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: So

text: much

text: so

text: that

text: upon

text: his

text: death

text: he

text: was

text: extraordinarily

text: bestowed

text: the

text: posthumous

text: title

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Yi

text: Chinese

text: 義皇帝

text: the

text: only

text: instance

text: in

text: Qing

text: history

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: Manchu

text: prince

text: of

text: the

text: blood

text: Chinese

text: 親王

text: was

text: so

text: honored

text: Two

text: months

text: into

text: Shunzhi

text: 's

text: personal

text: rule

text: Dorgon

text: was

text: not

text: only

text: stripped

text: of

text: his

text: titles

text: but

text: his

text: corpse

text: was

text: disinterred

text: and

text: mutilated.[b

text: to

text: atone

text: for

text: multiple

text: crimes

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: persecuting

text: to

text: death

text: Shunzhi

text: ’s

text: agnate

text: eldest

text: brother

text: Hooge

text: More

text: importantly

text: Dorgon

text: 's

text: symbolic

text: fall

text: from

text: grace

text: also

text: signaled

text: a

text: political

text: purge

text: of

text: his

text: family

text: and

text: associates

text: at

text: court

text: thus

text: reverting

text: power

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: After

text: a

text: promising

text: start

text: Shunzhi

text: 's

text: reign

text: was

text: cut

text: short

text: by

text: his

text: early

text: death

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: four

text: from

text: smallpox

text: He

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: his

text: third

text: son

text: Xuanye

text: who

text: reigned

text: as

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

question: Who was a threat to Shunzhi's throne?

answer: Dorgon

text: Dorgon

question: What was Dorgon known as after death?

answer: Emperor Yi

text: Emperor Yi

question: Who was Shunzhi's oldest brother?

answer: Hooge

text: Hooge

question: When did Shunzhi's death?

answer: 1661

question: How old was Shunzhi at his death?

answer: twenty-four

text: twenty-four


text: The dominant land plant species of the time were gymnosperms, which are vascular, cone-bearing, non-flowering plants such as conifers that produce seeds without a coating. This is opposed to the earth's current flora, in which the dominant land plants in terms of number of species are angiosperms. One particular plant genus, Ginkgo, is thought to have evolved at this time and is represented today by a single species, Ginkgo biloba. As well, the extant genus Sequoia is believed to have evolved in the Mesozoic.

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: The

text: dominant

text: land

text: plant

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: were

text: gymnosperms

text: which

text: are

text: vascular

text: cone

text: bearing

text: non

text: flowering

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: conifers

text: that

text: produce

text: seeds

text: without

text: a

text: coating

text: This

text: is

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: earth

text: 's

text: current

text: flora

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: dominant

text: land

text: plants

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: are

text: angiosperms

text: One

text: particular

text: plant

text: genus

text: Ginkgo

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: and

text: is

text: represented

text: today

text: by

text: a

text: single

text: species

text: Ginkgo

text: biloba

text: As

text: well

text: the

text: extant

text: genus

text: Sequoia

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: in

text: the

text: Mesozoic

question: What was the dominant plant species of the Mesozoic?

answer: gymnosperms

text: gymnosperms

question: What is an example of a gymnosperm?

answer: conifers

text: conifers

question: What are the dominate plant species on Earth now?

answer: angiosperms

text: angiosperms

question: When did the Ginkgo evolve?

answer: Mesozoic

text: Mesozoic

question: What famous tree species is believed to have evolved during the Mesozoic?

answer: Sequoia

text: Sequoia

question: What plant species died out in the Mesozoic?

text: gymnosperms

question: Ginkgo species died out in what period?

text: Mesozoic

question: What are the most at risk species on Earth now?

text: angiosperms

question: What land species died out in this period?

text: angiosperms


text: Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the Theotokos, literally "Giver of birth to God". There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas; namely her status as the mother of God; her Immaculate Conception; her perpetual virginity; and her Assumption into heaven. Many Protestants minimize Mary's role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references. Mary (Maryam) also has a revered position in Islam, where a whole chapter of the Qur'an is devoted to her, also describing the birth of Jesus.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Mary

text: had

text: been

text: venerated

text: since

text: Early

text: Christianity

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: millions

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: meritorious

text: saint

text: of

text: the

text: religion

text: The

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Anglican

text: and

text: Lutheran

text: Churches

text: believe

text: that

text: Mary

text: as

text: Mother

text: of

text: Jesus

text: is

text: the

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: literally

text: Giver

text: of

text: birth

text: to

text: God

text: There

text: is

text: significant

text: diversity

text: in

text: the

text: Marian

text: beliefs

text: and

text: devotional

text: practices

text: of

text: major

text: Christian

text: traditions

text: The

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: holds

text: distinctive

text: Marian

text: dogmas

text: namely

text: her

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: God

text: her

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: her

text: perpetual

text: virginity

text: and

text: her

text: Assumption

text: into

text: heaven

text: Many

text: Protestants

text: minimize

text: Mary

text: 's

text: role

text: within

text: Christianity

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: argued

text: brevity

text: of

text: biblical

text: references

text: Mary

text: Maryam

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: revered

text: position

text: in

text: Islam

text: where

text: a

text: whole

text: chapter

text: of

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: is

text: devoted

text: to

text: her

text: also

text: describing

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Jesus

question: What is the literal meaning of Theotokos?

answer: Giver of birth to God

text: Giver of birth to God

question: Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary?

answer: Protestants

text: Protestants

question: What is Mary called in Islam?

answer: Maryam

text: Maryam

question: What is the basis for Mary's diminished role in Protestantism?

answer: brevity of biblical references

text: brevity of biblical references

question: Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God?

answer: Anglican, and Lutheran

text: Anglican, and Lutheran

question: Which other religion gives sainthood to Mary?

text: Islam

question: Which church first considered Mary a saint?

text: The Roman Catholic Church

question: What other religious text do Protestants read?

text: the Qur'an

question: What other belief do believers of Islam believe?

text: the Marian beliefs


text: While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. With the establishment of language, culture, and religion, hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: While

text: it

text: is

text: undisputed

text: that

text: early

text: humans

text: were

text: hunters

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: this

text: for

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: Homo

text: genus

text: from

text: the

text: earlier

text: Australopithecines

text: including

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: stone

text: tools

text: and

text: eventually

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: fire

text: are

text: emphasised

text: in

text: the

text: hunting

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: de

text: emphasised

text: in

text: scenarios

text: that

text: stress

text: omnivory

text: and

text: social

text: interaction

text: including

text: mating

text: behaviour

text: as

text: essential

text: in

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: human

text: behavioural

text: modernity

text: With

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: language

text: culture

text: and

text: religion

text: hunting

text: became

text: a

text: theme

text: of

text: stories

text: and

text: myths

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: rituals

text: such

text: as

text: dance

text: and

text: animal

text: sacrifice

question: What is undisputed about early humans?

answer: were hunters

text: were hunters

question: Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?

answer: earlier Australopithecines

text: earlier Australopithecines

question: Production of stone tools and control of fire were also pushed forward by what?

answer: hunting

text: hunting

question: What became a theme of stories and myths?

answer: hunting

text: hunting

question: Hunting allowed what type of rituals?

answer: dance and animal sacrifice

text: dance and animal sacrifice

question: What is undisputed about earlier humans?

answer: humans were hunters

text: humans were hunters

question: What did hunting become a theme of?

answer: stories and myths

text: stories and myths

question: Stone tools and control of fire are emphasised in what hypothesis?

answer: hunting hypothesis

text: hunting hypothesis

question: What kind of activity would require the use of fire for early humans?

text: animal sacrifice

question: Mating behavior was important for the emergence of Homo genus from what?

text: earlier Australopithecines

question: What did omnivory become a theme of for early man?

text: stories and myths

question: What was animal sacrifice considered to be as part of the emergence of modern humans?

text: essential

question: What is undisputed about animals that were sacrificed?

text: were hunters


text: During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned. Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barça became 'More than a club' (Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barça. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence. During Franco's regime, however, the blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: During

text: the

text: dictatorships

text: of

text: Miguel

text: Primo

text: de

text: Rivera

text: and

text: especially

text: of

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: all

text: regional

text: cultures

text: were

text: suppressed

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: languages

text: spoken

text: in

text: Spanish

text: territory

text: except

text: Spanish

text: Castilian

text: itself

text: were

text: officially

text: banned

text: Symbolising

text: the

text: Catalan

text: people

text: 's

text: desire

text: for

text: freedom

text: Barça

text: became

text: More

text: than

text: a

text: club

text: Més

text: que

text: un

text: club

text: for

text: the

text: Catalans

text: According

text: to

text: Manuel

text: Vázquez

text: Montalbán

text: the

text: best

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: Catalans

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: their

text: identity

text: was

text: by

text: joining

text: Barça

text: It

text: was

text: less

text: risky

text: than

text: joining

text: a

text: clandestine

text: anti

text: Franco

text: movement

text: and

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: express

text: their

text: dissidence

text: During

text: Franco

text: 's

text: regime

text: however

text: the

text: blaugrana

text: team

text: was

text: granted

text: profit

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: good

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: dictator

text: at

text: management

text: level

text: even

text: giving

text: two

text: awards

text: to

text: him

question: What caused the suppression of regional cultures?

answer: dictatorships

text: dictatorships

question: Of the languages of the are, what was the only approved language?

answer: Spanish (Castilian)

text: Spanish (Castilian)

question: How did the Catalans show their identity during the dictatorships?

answer: joining Barça

text: joining Barça

question: What team was awarded by Franco for having a good relationship?

answer: blaugrana

text: blaugrana

question: What motto of the team Barcelona appealed to the Catalans?

answer: 'More than a club'

text: 'More than a club'


text: The total energy of a system can be subdivided and classified in various ways. For example, classical mechanics distinguishes between kinetic energy, which is determined by an object's movement through space, and potential energy, which is a function of the position of an object within a field. It may also be convenient to distinguish gravitational energy, thermal energy, several types of nuclear energy (which utilize potentials from the nuclear force and the weak force), electric energy (from the electric field), and magnetic energy (from the magnetic field), among others. Many of these classifications overlap; for instance, thermal energy usually consists partly of kinetic and partly of potential energy.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: The

text: total

text: energy

text: of

text: a

text: system

text: can

text: be

text: subdivided

text: and

text: classified

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: For

text: example

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: distinguishes

text: between

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: which

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: an

text: object

text: 's

text: movement

text: through

text: space

text: and

text: potential

text: energy

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: within

text: a

text: field

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: convenient

text: to

text: distinguish

text: gravitational

text: energy

text: thermal

text: energy

text: several

text: types

text: of

text: nuclear

text: energy

text: which

text: utilize

text: potentials

text: from

text: the

text: nuclear

text: force

text: and

text: the

text: weak

text: force

text: electric

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: and

text: magnetic

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: magnetic

text: field

text: among

text: others

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: classifications

text: overlap

text: for

text: instance

text: thermal

text: energy

text: usually

text: consists

text: partly

text: of

text: kinetic

text: and

text: partly

text: of

text: potential

text: energy

question: What is determined by an object's movement through space?

answer: kinetic energy

text: kinetic energy

question: What usually consists partly of kinetic and partly of potential energy?

answer: thermal energy

text: thermal energy

question: What is a function of the position of an object within a field?

answer: potential energy

text: potential energy

question: what is determined by an object's non-movement through space?

text: kinetic energy

question: What usually consists completely of potential energy?

text: thermal energy

question: What is a function of the position of an object outside of a field?

text: potential energy

question: what part of a system can be multiplied?

text: total energy

question: what classifications don't overlap?


text: The effect of these differences was accentuated by the pre-war preparations. The Prussian General Staff had drawn up minutely detailed mobilization plans using the railway system, which in turn had been partly laid out in response to recommendations of a Railway Section within the General Staff. The French railway system, with multiple competing companies, had developed purely from commercial pressures and many journeys to the front in Alsace and Lorraine involved long diversions and frequent changes between trains. Furthermore, no system had been put in place for military control of the railways, and officers simply commandeered trains as they saw fit. Rail sidings and marshalling yards became choked with loaded wagons, with nobody responsible for unloading them or directing them to the destination.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: these

text: differences

text: was

text: accentuated

text: by

text: the

text: pre

text: war

text: preparations

text: The

text: Prussian

text: General

text: Staff

text: had

text: drawn

text: up

text: minutely

text: detailed

text: mobilization

text: plans

text: using

text: the

text: railway

text: system

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: had

text: been

text: partly

text: laid

text: out

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: recommendations

text: of

text: a

text: Railway

text: Section

text: within

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: The

text: French

text: railway

text: system

text: with

text: multiple

text: competing

text: companies

text: had

text: developed

text: purely

text: from

text: commercial

text: pressures

text: and

text: many

text: journeys

text: to

text: the

text: front

text: in

text: Alsace

text: and

text: Lorraine

text: involved

text: long

text: diversions

text: and

text: frequent

text: changes

text: between

text: trains

text: Furthermore

text: no

text: system

text: had

text: been

text: put

text: in

text: place

text: for

text: military

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: railways

text: and

text: officers

text: simply

text: commandeered

text: trains

text: as

text: they

text: saw

text: fit

text: Rail

text: sidings

text: and

text: marshalling

text: yards

text: became

text: choked

text: with

text: loaded

text: wagons

text: with

text: nobody

text: responsible

text: for

text: unloading

text: them

text: or

text: directing

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: destination

question: The effect of German victory and ensuing influence stems back to what factor?

answer: pre-war preparations

text: pre-war preparations

question: What was the Prussian General staff quick to utilize at the onset of the war?

answer: detailed mobilization plans using the railway system

text: detailed mobilization plans using the railway system

question: What was one factor behind the inefficiency of the French railway system?

answer: multiple competing companies

text: multiple competing companies

question: What factor especially affected travel to the front in Alsace and Lorraine?

answer: frequent changes between trains

text: frequent changes between trains

question: Who was responsible for dealing with chaotic train yards and unloaded wagons?

answer: nobody

text: nobody


text: Statistically speaking, cable-borne elevators are extremely safe. Their safety record is unsurpassed by any other vehicle system. In 1998, it was estimated that approximately eight millionths of one percent (1 in 12 million) of elevator rides result in an anomaly, and the vast majority of these were minor things such as the doors failing to open. Of the 20 to 30 elevator-related deaths each year, most of them are maintenance-related — for example, technicians leaning too far into the shaft or getting caught between moving parts, and most of the rest are attributed to other kinds of accidents, such as people stepping blindly through doors that open into empty shafts or being strangled by scarves caught in the doors. In fact, prior to the September 11th terrorist attacks, the only known free-fall incident in a modern cable-borne elevator happened in 1945 when a B-25 bomber struck the Empire State Building in fog, severing the cables of an elevator cab, which fell from the 75th floor all the way to the bottom of the building, seriously injuring (though not killing) the sole occupant — the elevator operator. However, there was an incident in 2007 at a Seattle children's hospital, where a ThyssenKrupp ISIS machine-room-less elevator free-fell until the safety brakes were engaged. This was due to a flaw in the design where the cables were connected at one common point, and the kevlar ropes had a tendency to overheat and cause slipping (or, in this case, a free-fall). While it is possible (though extraordinarily unlikely) for an elevator's cable to snap, all elevators in the modern era have been fitted with several safety devices which prevent the elevator from simply free-falling and crashing. An elevator cab is typically borne by 2 to 6 (up to 12 or more in high rise installations) hoist cables or belts, each of which is capable on its own of supporting the full load of the elevator plus twenty-five percent more weight. In addition, there is a device which detects whether the elevator is descending faster than its maximum designed speed; if this happens, the device causes copper (or silicon nitride in high rise installations) brake shoes to clamp down along the vertical rails in the shaft, stopping the elevator quickly, but not so abruptly as to cause injury. This device is called the governor, and was invented by Elisha Graves Otis. In addition, a oil/hydraulic or spring or polyurethane or telescopic oil/hydraulic buffer or a combination (depending on the travel height and travel speed) is installed at the bottom of the shaft (or in the bottom of the cab and sometimes also in the top of the cab or shaft) to somewhat cushion any impact. However, In Thailand, in November 2012, a woman was killed in free falling elevator, in what was reported as the "first legally recognised death caused by a falling lift".

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Statistically

text: speaking

text: cable

text: borne

text: elevators

text: are

text: extremely

text: safe

text: Their

text: safety

text: record

text: is

text: unsurpassed

text: by

text: any

text: other

text: vehicle

text: system

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: estimated

text: that

text: approximately

text: eight

text: millionths

text: of

text: one

text: percent

text: in

text: million

text: of

text: elevator

text: rides

text: result

text: in

text: an

text: anomaly

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: minor

text: things

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: doors

text: failing

text: to

text: open

text: Of

text: the

text: to

text: elevator

text: related

text: deaths

text: each

text: year

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: maintenance

text: related

text: for

text: example

text: technicians

text: leaning

text: too

text: far

text: into

text: the

text: shaft

text: or

text: getting

text: caught

text: between

text: moving

text: parts

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: are

text: attributed

text: to

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: accidents

text: such

text: as

text: people

text: stepping

text: blindly

text: through

text: doors

text: that

text: open

text: into

text: empty

text: shafts

text: or

text: being

text: strangled

text: by

text: scarves

text: caught

text: in

text: the

text: doors

text: In

text: fact

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: September

text: terrorist

text: attacks

text: the

text: only

text: known

text: free

text: fall

text: incident

text: in

text: a

text: modern

text: cable

text: borne

text: elevator

text: happened

text: in

text: when

text: a

text: bomber

text: struck

text: the

text: Empire

text: State

text: Building

text: in

text: fog

text: severing

text: the

text: cables

text: of

text: an

text: elevator

text: cab

text: which

text: fell

text: from

text: the

text: floor

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: seriously

text: injuring

text: though

text: not

text: killing

text: the

text: sole

text: occupant

text: the

text: elevator

text: operator

text: However

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: incident

text: in

text: at

text: a

text: Seattle

text: children

text: 's

text: hospital

text: where

text: a

text: ThyssenKrupp

text: ISIS

text: machine

text: room

text: less

text: elevator

text: free

text: fell

text: until

text: the

text: safety

text: brakes

text: were

text: engaged

text: This

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: flaw

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: where

text: the

text: cables

text: were

text: connected

text: at

text: one

text: common

text: point

text: and

text: the

text: kevlar

text: ropes

text: had

text: a

text: tendency

text: to

text: overheat

text: and

text: cause

text: slipping

text: or

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: a

text: free

text: fall

text: While

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: though

text: extraordinarily

text: unlikely

text: for

text: an

text: elevator

text: 's

text: cable

text: to

text: snap

text: all

text: elevators

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: have

text: been

text: fitted

text: with

text: several

text: safety

text: devices

text: which

text: prevent

text: the

text: elevator

text: from

text: simply

text: free

text: falling

text: and

text: crashing

text: An

text: elevator

text: cab

text: is

text: typically

text: borne

text: by

text: to

text: up

text: to

text: or

text: more

text: in

text: high

text: rise

text: installations

text: hoist

text: cables

text: or

text: belts

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: capable

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: of

text: supporting

text: the

text: full

text: load

text: of

text: the

text: elevator

text: plus

text: twenty

text: five

text: percent

text: more

text: weight

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: device

text: which

text: detects

text: whether

text: the

text: elevator

text: is

text: descending

text: faster

text: than

text: its

text: maximum

text: designed

text: speed

text: if

text: this

text: happens

text: the

text: device

text: causes

text: copper

text: or

text: silicon

text: nitride

text: in

text: high

text: rise

text: installations

text: brake

text: shoes

text: to

text: clamp

text: down

text: along

text: the

text: vertical

text: rails

text: in

text: the

text: shaft

text: stopping

text: the

text: elevator

text: quickly

text: but

text: not

text: so

text: abruptly

text: as

text: to

text: cause

text: injury

text: This

text: device

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: governor

text: and

text: was

text: invented

text: by

text: Elisha

text: Graves

text: Otis

text: In

text: addition

text: a

text: oil

text: hydraulic

text: or

text: spring

text: or

text: polyurethane

text: or

text: telescopic

text: oil

text: hydraulic

text: buffer

text: or

text: a

text: combination

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: travel

text: height

text: and

text: travel

text: speed

text: is

text: installed

text: at

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: shaft

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: cab

text: and

text: sometimes

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: cab

text: or

text: shaft

text: to

text: somewhat

text: cushion

text: any

text: impact

text: However

text: In

text: Thailand

text: in

text: November

text: a

text: woman

text: was

text: killed

text: in

text: free

text: falling

text: elevator

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: reported

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: legally

text: recognised

text: death

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: falling

text: lift

question: What types of elevator hold the highest safety record?

answer: cable-borne elevators

text: cable-borne elevators

question: In the late nineties, what was considered the rate of cable-borne elevator problems?

answer: eight millionths of one percent (1 in 12 million) of elevator rides

text: eight millionths of one percent (1 in 12 million) of elevator rides

question: What was the severity of the majority of elevator failures recorded?

answer: minor things such as the doors failing to open

text: minor things such as the doors failing to open

question: What is an example of a maintenance-related elevator death?

answer: technicians leaning too far into the shaft or getting caught between moving parts

text: technicians leaning too far into the shaft or getting caught between moving parts

question: Before the Twin Towers attack in 2001 , what was the only reported freefall accident attributed to a modern cable-borne elevator?

answer: 1945 when a B-25 bomber struck the Empire State Building

text: 1945 when a B-25 bomber struck the Empire State Building


text: The international repertoire of music for mandolin is almost unlimited, and musicians use it to play various types of music. This is especially true of violin music, since the mandolin has the same tuning of the violin. Following its invention and early development in Italy the mandolin spread throughout the European continent. The instrument was primarily used in a classical tradition with Mandolin orchestras, so called Estudiantinas or in Germany Zupforchestern appearing in many cities. Following this continental popularity of the mandolin family local traditions appeared outside of Europe in the Americas and in Japan. Travelling mandolin virtuosi like Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri contributed to the mandolin becoming a "fad" instrument in the early 20th century. This "mandolin craze" was fading by the 1930s, but just as this practice was falling into disuse, the mandolin found a new niche in American country, old-time music, bluegrass and folk music. More recently, the Baroque and Classical mandolin repertory and styles have benefited from the raised awareness of and interest in Early music, with media attention to classical players such as Israeli Avi Avital, Italian Carlo Aonzo and American Joseph Brent.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: The

text: international

text: repertoire

text: of

text: music

text: for

text: mandolin

text: is

text: almost

text: unlimited

text: and

text: musicians

text: use

text: it

text: to

text: play

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: This

text: is

text: especially

text: true

text: of

text: violin

text: music

text: since

text: the

text: mandolin

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: tuning

text: of

text: the

text: violin

text: Following

text: its

text: invention

text: and

text: early

text: development

text: in

text: Italy

text: the

text: mandolin

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: The

text: instrument

text: was

text: primarily

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: classical

text: tradition

text: with

text: Mandolin

text: orchestras

text: so

text: called

text: Estudiantinas

text: or

text: in

text: Germany

text: Zupforchestern

text: appearing

text: in

text: many

text: cities

text: Following

text: this

text: continental

text: popularity

text: of

text: the

text: mandolin

text: family

text: local

text: traditions

text: appeared

text: outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: in

text: Japan

text: Travelling

text: mandolin

text: virtuosi

text: like

text: Giuseppe

text: Pettine

text: Raffaele

text: Calace

text: and

text: Silvio

text: Ranieri

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: mandolin

text: becoming

text: a

text: fad

text: instrument

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: This

text: mandolin

text: craze

text: was

text: fading

text: by

text: the

text: but

text: just

text: as

text: this

text: practice

text: was

text: falling

text: into

text: disuse

text: the

text: mandolin

text: found

text: a

text: new

text: niche

text: in

text: American

text: country

text: old

text: time

text: music

text: bluegrass

text: and

text: folk

text: music

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: Baroque

text: and

text: Classical

text: mandolin

text: repertory

text: and

text: styles

text: have

text: benefited

text: from

text: the

text: raised

text: awareness

text: of

text: and

text: interest

text: in

text: Early

text: music

text: with

text: media

text: attention

text: to

text: classical

text: players

text: such

text: as

text: Israeli

text: Avi

text: Avital

text: Italian

text: Carlo

text: Aonzo

text: and

text: American

text: Joseph

text: Brent

question: What instrument does the mandolin share the same tuning of?

answer: violin

text: violin

question: Where was the mandolin primarily used?

answer: classical tradition with Mandolin orchestras

text: classical tradition with Mandolin orchestras

question: When was the mandolin considered a fad?

answer: early 20th century

text: early 20th century

question: Who contributed to the idea that the mandolin was a fad?

answer: Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri

text: Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri

question: When did the mandolin craze end?

answer: 1930s

question: What instrument does the mandolin not have the same tuning of?

text: violin

question: Where wasn't the mandolin primarily used?

question: When was the mandolin considered more than a fad?

text: early 20th century

question: Who contributed to the idea that the mandolin was not just a fad?

question: When did the mandolin craze begin?


text: In boundary scan testing, test circuits integrated into various ICs on the board form temporary connections between the PCB traces to test that the ICs are mounted correctly. Boundary scan testing requires that all the ICs to be tested use a standard test configuration procedure, the most common one being the Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) standard. The JTAG test architecture provides a means to test interconnects between integrated circuits on a board without using physical test probes. JTAG tool vendors provide various types of stimulus and sophisticated algorithms, not only to detect the failing nets, but also to isolate the faults to specific nets, devices, and pins.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: In

text: boundary

text: scan

text: testing

text: test

text: circuits

text: integrated

text: into

text: various

text: ICs

text: on

text: the

text: board

text: form

text: temporary

text: connections

text: between

text: the

text: PCB

text: traces

text: to

text: test

text: that

text: the

text: ICs

text: are

text: mounted

text: correctly

text: Boundary

text: scan

text: testing

text: requires

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: ICs

text: to

text: be

text: tested

text: use

text: a

text: standard

text: test

text: configuration

text: procedure

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: one

text: being

text: the

text: Joint

text: Test

text: Action

text: Group

text: JTAG

text: standard

text: The

text: JTAG

text: test

text: architecture

text: provides

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: test

text: interconnects

text: between

text: integrated

text: circuits

text: on

text: a

text: board

text: without

text: using

text: physical

text: test

text: probes

text: JTAG

text: tool

text: vendors

text: provide

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: stimulus

text: and

text: sophisticated

text: algorithms

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: detect

text: the

text: failing

text: nets

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: isolate

text: the

text: faults

text: to

text: specific

text: nets

text: devices

text: and

text: pins

question: Do test circuits create permanent or temporary connections between traces?

answer: temporary

text: temporary

question: What's the most frequently used test configuration procedure for ICs?

answer: Joint Test Action Group

text: Joint Test Action Group

question: What would you avoid by using the Joint Test Action Group standard?

answer: physical test probes

text: physical test probes

question: What component of the printed circuit board is appraised with boundary scan testing?

answer: ICs

text: ICs

question: To whom would you go to acquire the algorithms you'd use for the Joint Test Action Group procedures?

answer: JTAG tool vendors

text: JTAG tool vendors

question: Bouncing scan testing requires what?

question: The least common standard test configuration procedure is what?

question: JAG tool vendors provide various types of what?

text: stimulus

question: The JAG test architecture provides a means to what?


text: In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's kerosene was cheap, easy to produce, could be burned in existing lamps, and did not produce an offensive odor as did most whale oil. It could be stored indefinitely, unlike whale oil, which would eventually spoil. The American petroleum boom began in the 1850s. By the end of the decade there were 30 kerosene plants operating in the United States. The cheaper, more efficient fuel began to drive whale oil out of the market. John D. Rockefeller was most responsible for the commercial success of kerosene. He set up a network of kerosene distilleries which would later become Standard Oil, thus completely abolishing the need for whale-oil lamps. These types of lamps may catch fire or emit carbon-monoxide and sometimes are odorous making them problematic for asthmatic people.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: In

text: Dr.

text: Abraham

text: Gesner

text: a

text: Canadian

text: geologist

text: devised

text: a

text: method

text: where

text: kerosene

text: could

text: be

text: distilled

text: from

text: petroleum

text: Earlier

text: coal

text: gas

text: methods

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: lighting

text: since

text: the

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: expensive

text: Gesner

text: 's

text: kerosene

text: was

text: cheap

text: easy

text: to

text: produce

text: could

text: be

text: burned

text: in

text: existing

text: lamps

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: produce

text: an

text: offensive

text: odor

text: as

text: did

text: most

text: whale

text: oil

text: It

text: could

text: be

text: stored

text: indefinitely

text: unlike

text: whale

text: oil

text: which

text: would

text: eventually

text: spoil

text: The

text: American

text: petroleum

text: boom

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: there

text: were

text: kerosene

text: plants

text: operating

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: cheaper

text: more

text: efficient

text: fuel

text: began

text: to

text: drive

text: whale

text: oil

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: market

text: John

text: D.

text: Rockefeller

text: was

text: most

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: commercial

text: success

text: of

text: kerosene

text: He

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: kerosene

text: distilleries

text: which

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: Standard

text: Oil

text: thus

text: completely

text: abolishing

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: whale

text: oil

text: lamps

text: These

text: types

text: of

text: lamps

text: may

text: catch

text: fire

text: or

text: emit

text: carbon

text: monoxide

text: and

text: sometimes

text: are

text: odorous

text: making

text: them

text: problematic

text: for

text: asthmatic

text: people

question: What devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum?

answer: Dr. Abraham Gesner

text: Dr. Abraham Gesner

question: What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene?

answer: 1849

question: What method of lighting have been used since 1820s?

answer: coal-gas methods

text: coal-gas methods


text: A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: A

text: core

text: problem

text: in

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: early

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: the

text: relation

text: between

text: dhyana

text: and

text: insight

text: Schmithausen

text: in

text: his

text: often

text: cited

text: article

text: On

text: some

text: Aspects

text: of

text: Descriptions

text: or

text: Theories

text: of

text: Liberating

text: Insight

text: and

text: Enlightenment

text: in

text: Early

text: Buddhism

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: mention

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: noble

text: truths

text: as

text: constituting

text: liberating

text: insight

text: which

text: is

text: attained

text: after

text: mastering

text: the

text: Rupa

text: Jhanas

text: is

text: a

text: later

text: addition

text: to

text: texts

text: such

text: as

text: Majjhima

text: Nikaya

text: needed

question: A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else?

answer: insight

text: insight

question: Liberating insight is attained after mastering what?

answer: Rupa Jhanas

text: Rupa Jhanas

question: Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas?

answer: Majjhima Nikaya

text: Majjhima Nikaya


text: The political turmoil continued. John began to explore an alliance with the French king Philip II, freshly returned from the crusade. John hoped to acquire Normandy, Anjou and the other lands in France held by Richard in exchange for allying himself with Philip. John was persuaded not to pursue an alliance by his mother. Longchamp, who had left England after Walter's intervention, now returned, and argued that he had been wrongly removed as justiciar. John intervened, suppressing Longchamp's claims in return for promises of support from the royal administration, including a reaffirmation of his position as heir to the throne. When Richard still did not return from the crusade, John began to assert that his brother was dead or otherwise permanently lost. Richard had in fact been captured en route to England by the Duke of Austria and was handed over to Emperor Henry VI, who held him for ransom. John seized the opportunity and went to Paris, where he formed an alliance with Philip. He agreed to set aside his wife, Isabella of Gloucester, and marry Philip's sister, Alys, in exchange for Philip's support. Fighting broke out in England between forces loyal to Richard and those being gathered by John. John's military position was weak and he agreed to a truce; in early 1194 the king finally returned to England, and John's remaining forces surrendered. John retreated to Normandy, where Richard finally found him later that year. Richard declared that his younger brother – despite being 27 years old – was merely "a child who has had evil counsellors" and forgave him, but removed his lands with the exception of Ireland.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: political

text: turmoil

text: continued

text: John

text: began

text: to

text: explore

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: king

text: Philip

text: II

text: freshly

text: returned

text: from

text: the

text: crusade

text: John

text: hoped

text: to

text: acquire

text: Normandy

text: Anjou

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: lands

text: in

text: France

text: held

text: by

text: Richard

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: allying

text: himself

text: with

text: Philip

text: John

text: was

text: persuaded

text: not

text: to

text: pursue

text: an

text: alliance

text: by

text: his

text: mother

text: Longchamp

text: who

text: had

text: left

text: England

text: after

text: Walter

text: 's

text: intervention

text: now

text: returned

text: and

text: argued

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: wrongly

text: removed

text: as

text: justiciar

text: John

text: intervened

text: suppressing

text: Longchamp

text: 's

text: claims

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: promises

text: of

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: royal

text: administration

text: including

text: a

text: reaffirmation

text: of

text: his

text: position

text: as

text: heir

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: When

text: Richard

text: still

text: did

text: not

text: return

text: from

text: the

text: crusade

text: John

text: began

text: to

text: assert

text: that

text: his

text: brother

text: was

text: dead

text: or

text: otherwise

text: permanently

text: lost

text: Richard

text: had

text: in

text: fact

text: been

text: captured

text: en

text: route

text: to

text: England

text: by

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: was

text: handed

text: over

text: to

text: Emperor

text: Henry

text: VI

text: who

text: held

text: him

text: for

text: ransom

text: John

text: seized

text: the

text: opportunity

text: and

text: went

text: to

text: Paris

text: where

text: he

text: formed

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: Philip

text: He

text: agreed

text: to

text: set

text: aside

text: his

text: wife

text: Isabella

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: and

text: marry

text: Philip

text: 's

text: sister

text: Alys

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: Philip

text: 's

text: support

text: Fighting

text: broke

text: out

text: in

text: England

text: between

text: forces

text: loyal

text: to

text: Richard

text: and

text: those

text: being

text: gathered

text: by

text: John

text: John

text: 's

text: military

text: position

text: was

text: weak

text: and

text: he

text: agreed

text: to

text: a

text: truce

text: in

text: early

text: the

text: king

text: finally

text: returned

text: to

text: England

text: and

text: John

text: 's

text: remaining

text: forces

text: surrendered

text: John

text: retreated

text: to

text: Normandy

text: where

text: Richard

text: finally

text: found

text: him

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: Richard

text: declared

text: that

text: his

text: younger

text: brother

text: despite

text: being

text: years

text: old

text: was

text: merely

text: a

text: child

text: who

text: has

text: had

text: evil

text: counsellors

text: and

text: forgave

text: him

text: but

text: removed

text: his

text: lands

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Ireland

question: Who did John explore an alliance with?

answer: French king Philip II

text: French king Philip II

question: What did John do when Richard did not return from his crusade?

answer: assert that his brother was dead

text: assert that his brother was dead

question: Who captured Richard?

answer: Duke of Austria

text: Duke of Austria

question: When did the king return to England?

answer: 1194