text: Schwarzenegger's commercial peak was his return as the title character in 1991's Terminator 2: Judgment Day, which was the highest-grossing film of 1991. In 1993, the National Association of Theatre Owners named him the "International Star of the Decade". His next film project, the 1993 self-aware action comedy spoof Last Action Hero, was released opposite Jurassic Park, and did not do well at the box office. His next film, the comedy drama True Lies (1994), was a popular spy film, and saw Schwarzenegger reunited with James Cameron.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: commercial

text: peak

text: was

text: his

text: return

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: in

text: 's

text: Terminator

text: Judgment

text: Day

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: film

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Theatre

text: Owners

text: named

text: him

text: the

text: International

text: Star

text: of

text: the

text: Decade

text: His

text: next

text: film

text: project

text: the

text: self

text: aware

text: action

text: comedy

text: spoof

text: Last

text: Action

text: Hero

text: was

text: released

text: opposite

text: Jurassic

text: Park

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: do

text: well

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: His

text: next

text: film

text: the

text: comedy

text: drama

text: True

text: Lies

text: was

text: a

text: popular

text: spy

text: film

text: and

text: saw

text: Schwarzenegger

text: reunited

text: with

text: James

text: Cameron

question: What Schwarzenegger film was 1991's highest-grossing movie?

answer: Terminator 2: Judgment Day

text: Terminator 2: Judgment Day

question: What organization named Schwarzenegger the "International Star of the Decade" in 1993?

answer: the National Association of Theatre Owners

text: the National Association of Theatre Owners

question: What 1994 film brought Schwarzenegger back together with director James Cameron?

answer: True Lies

text: True Lies


text: The Crimean War also saw the first tactical use of railways and other modern inventions, such as the electric telegraph, with the first "live" war reporting to The Times by William Howard Russell. Some credit Russell with prompting the resignation of the sitting British government through his reporting of the lacklustre condition of British forces deployed in Crimea. Additionally, the telegraph reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London due to such rapid communications. Newspaper readership informed public opinion in the United Kingdom and France as never before. It was the first European war to be photographed.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: Crimean

text: War

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: first

text: tactical

text: use

text: of

text: railways

text: and

text: other

text: modern

text: inventions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: electric

text: telegraph

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: live

text: war

text: reporting

text: to

text: The

text: Times

text: by

text: William

text: Howard

text: Russell

text: Some

text: credit

text: Russell

text: with

text: prompting

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: the

text: sitting

text: British

text: government

text: through

text: his

text: reporting

text: of

text: the

text: lacklustre

text: condition

text: of

text: British

text: forces

text: deployed

text: in

text: Crimea

text: Additionally

text: the

text: telegraph

text: reduced

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: British

text: overseas

text: possessions

text: from

text: their

text: commanders

text: in

text: London

text: due

text: to

text: such

text: rapid

text: communications

text: Newspaper

text: readership

text: informed

text: public

text: opinion

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: France

text: as

text: never

text: before

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: European

text: war

text: to

text: be

text: photographed

question: The tactical use of railways was first used during what war?

answer: The Crimean War

text: The Crimean War

question: Who gave the first live war report?

answer: William Howard Russell

text: William Howard Russell

question: Due to his reporting skills, some give Russell credit for doing what?

answer: prompting the resignation of the sitting British government

text: prompting the resignation of the sitting British government

question: What reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London?

answer: the telegraph

text: the telegraph

question: What was the first European war to be photographed?

answer: The Crimean War

text: The Crimean War


text: West got his big break in the year 2000, when he began to produce for artists on Roc-A-Fella Records. West came to achieve recognition and is often credited with revitalizing Jay-Z's career with his contributions to the rap mogul's influential 2001 album The Blueprint. The Blueprint is consistently ranked among the greatest hip-hop albums, and the critical and financial success of the album generated substantial interest in West as a producer. Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West produced records for other artists from the label, including Beanie Sigel, Freeway, and Cam'ron. He also crafted hit songs for Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: West

text: got

text: his

text: big

text: break

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: when

text: he

text: began

text: to

text: produce

text: for

text: artists

text: on

text: Roc

text: A

text: Fella

text: Records

text: West

text: came

text: to

text: achieve

text: recognition

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: credited

text: with

text: revitalizing

text: Jay

text: Z

text: 's

text: career

text: with

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: rap

text: mogul

text: 's

text: influential

text: album

text: The

text: Blueprint

text: The

text: Blueprint

text: is

text: consistently

text: ranked

text: among

text: the

text: greatest

text: hip

text: hop

text: albums

text: and

text: the

text: critical

text: and

text: financial

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: generated

text: substantial

text: interest

text: in

text: West

text: as

text: a

text: producer

text: Serving

text: as

text: an

text: in

text: house

text: producer

text: for

text: Roc

text: A

text: Fella

text: Records

text: West

text: produced

text: records

text: for

text: other

text: artists

text: from

text: the

text: label

text: including

text: Beanie

text: Sigel

text: Freeway

text: and

text: Cam'ron

text: He

text: also

text: crafted

text: hit

text: songs

text: for

text: Ludacris

text: Alicia

text: Keys

text: and

text: Janet

text: Jackson

question: What label did Kanye begin to work for in 2000?

answer: Roc-A-Fella Records

text: Roc-A-Fella Records

question: What album did Kanye receive production credits on in 2001?

answer: The Blueprint

text: The Blueprint

question: In what year did Roc-A-Fella make Kanye West known?

answer: 2000

question: What was the name of the CD West produced for Jay Z in 2001?

answer: The Blueprint

text: The Blueprint


text: Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: Eritrea

text: /ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/

text: or

text: /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/

text: officially

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: a

text: country

text: in

text: East

text: Africa

text: With

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: Asmara

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Sudan

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Ethiopia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Djibouti

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: The

text: northeastern

text: and

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: have

text: an

text: extensive

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: The

text: nation

text: has

text: a

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: Dahlak

text: Archipelago

text: and

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: Hanish

text: Islands

text: Its

text: name

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Greek

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Ἐρυθρὰ

text: Θάλασσα

text: Erythra

text: Thalassa

text: which

text: was

text: first

text: adopted

text: for

text: Italian

text: Eritrea

text: in

question: What country borders Eritrea in the west?

answer: Sudan

text: Sudan

question: What country borders Eritrea in the south?

answer: Ethiopia

text: Ethiopia

question: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast?

answer: Djibouti

text: Djibouti

question: What extensive coastline makes up a portion of Eritrea's East border?

answer: Red Sea

text: Red Sea

question: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea?

answer: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)

text: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)

question: What is the total area of Ethiopia?

text: 117,600 km2

question: What is the total area of Djibouti?

text: 45,406 sq mi

question: What is the name of one of the Hanish Islands?

text: Djibouti

question: In what year was Eritrea founded?

question: What is the total area of the Red Sea?

text: 117,600 km2


text: Academic higher education in Estonia is divided into three levels: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies. In some specialties (basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry, architect-engineer, and a classroom teacher programme) the bachelor's and master's levels are integrated into one unit. Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education institutions. In addition to organising the academic life of the university, universities can create new curricula, establish admission terms and conditions, approve the budget, approve the development plan, elect the rector, and make restricted decisions in matters concerning assets. Estonia has a moderate number of public and private universities. The largest public universities are the University of Tartu, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonian Academy of Arts; the largest private university is Estonian Business School.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Academic

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Estonia

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: levels

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: master

text: 's

text: and

text: doctoral

text: studies

text: In

text: some

text: specialties

text: basic

text: medical

text: studies

text: veterinary

text: pharmacy

text: dentistry

text: architect

text: engineer

text: and

text: a

text: classroom

text: teacher

text: programme

text: the

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: and

text: master

text: 's

text: levels

text: are

text: integrated

text: into

text: one

text: unit

text: Estonian

text: public

text: universities

text: have

text: significantly

text: more

text: autonomy

text: than

text: applied

text: higher

text: education

text: institutions

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: organising

text: the

text: academic

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: universities

text: can

text: create

text: new

text: curricula

text: establish

text: admission

text: terms

text: and

text: conditions

text: approve

text: the

text: budget

text: approve

text: the

text: development

text: plan

text: elect

text: the

text: rector

text: and

text: make

text: restricted

text: decisions

text: in

text: matters

text: concerning

text: assets

text: Estonia

text: has

text: a

text: moderate

text: number

text: of

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: universities

text: The

text: largest

text: public

text: universities

text: are

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Tartu

text: Tallinn

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: Tallinn

text: University

text: Estonian

text: University

text: of

text: Life

text: Sciences

text: Estonian

text: Academy

text: of

text: Arts

text: the

text: largest

text: private

text: university

text: is

text: Estonian

text: Business

text: School

question: What are the three levels of higher learning in Estonia?

answer: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies

text: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies

question: What medical fields have their bachelor's and master's levels combined into one unit?

answer: basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry

text: basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry

question: What do Estonian public universities have more of than higher education institutions?

answer: autonomy

text: autonomy

question: What is the largest private university in Estonia?

answer: Estonian Business School

text: Estonian Business School


text: The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui). In the Middle Chinese spoken during that period, as reconstructed by William H. Baxter, 土番 was pronounced thux-phjon and 吐蕃 was pronounced thux-pjon (with the x representing tone).

title: Tibet

title: Tibet

text: The

text: best

text: known

text: medieval

text: Chinese

text: name

text: for

text: Tibet

text: is

text: Tubo

text: Chinese

text: 吐蕃

text: also

text: written

text: as

text: 土蕃

text: or

text: 土番

text: pinyin

text: Tǔbō

text: or

text: Tǔfān

text: This

text: name

text: first

text: appears

text: in

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: as

text: 土番

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Li

text: Tai

text: and

text: as

text: 吐蕃

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Old

text: Book

text: of

text: Tang

text: describing

text: emissaries

text: from

text: Tibetan

text: King

text: Namri

text: Songtsen

text: to

text: Emperor

text: Yang

text: of

text: Sui

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: Chinese

text: spoken

text: during

text: that

text: period

text: as

text: reconstructed

text: by

text: William

text: H.

text: Baxter

text: 土番

text: was

text: pronounced

text: thux

text: phjon

text: and

text: 吐蕃

text: was

text: pronounced

text: thux

text: pjon

text: with

text: the

text: x

text: representing

text: tone

question: What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet?

answer: Tubo

text: Tubo

question: When did the name for Tibet, Tubo, first appear in Chinese characters?

answer: 7th century

text: 7th century

question: Who reconstructed Middle Chinese spoken from the 7th century to the 10th century?

answer: William H. Baxter

text: William H. Baxter

question: What is the best known Chinese name for Tubo?

text: Tibet

question: What book describes the 680-690 emissaries from Namri Songsten?

text: Old Book of Tang

question: Who else in addition to Emperor Yang Songsten does the Old Book of Tang describe?

text: Tibetan King Namri Songtsen

question: What did Baxter H. William reconstruct?

text: the Middle Chinese spoken


text: Magadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: "Great Countries") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to include most of Bihar and Bengal with the conquest of Licchavi and Anga respectively, followed by much of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Orissa. The ancient kingdom of Magadha is heavily mentioned in Jain and Buddhist texts. It is also mentioned in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas. A state of Magadha, possibly a tribal kingdom, is recorded in Vedic texts much earlier in time than 600 BC. Magadha Empire had great rulers like Bimbisara and Ajatshatru.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Magadha

text: Sanskrit

text: मगध

text: formed

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: sixteen

text: Mahā

text: Janapadas

text: Sanskrit

text: Great

text: Countries

text: or

text: kingdoms

text: in

text: ancient

text: India

text: The

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Bihar

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Ganges

text: its

text: first

text: capital

text: was

text: Rajagriha

text: modern

text: Rajgir

text: then

text: Pataliputra

text: modern

text: Patna

text: Magadha

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: most

text: of

text: Bihar

text: and

text: Bengal

text: with

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: Licchavi

text: and

text: Anga

text: respectively

text: followed

text: by

text: much

text: of

text: eastern

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: and

text: Orissa

text: The

text: ancient

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Magadha

text: is

text: heavily

text: mentioned

text: in

text: Jain

text: and

text: Buddhist

text: texts

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Ramayana

text: Mahabharata

text: Puranas

text: A

text: state

text: of

text: Magadha

text: possibly

text: a

text: tribal

text: kingdom

text: is

text: recorded

text: in

text: Vedic

text: texts

text: much

text: earlier

text: in

text: time

text: than

text: BC

text: Magadha

text: Empire

text: had

text: great

text: rulers

text: like

text: Bimbisara

text: and

text: Ajatshatru

question: Of what was Magadha one of sixteen?

answer: Mahā-Janapadas

text: Mahā-Janapadas

question: How does the Sanskrit translate Maha-Janapadas?

answer: Great Countries

text: Great Countries

question: Where was the center of Magadha?

answer: Bihar

text: Bihar

question: Where were there early records of the Magadha kingdom?

answer: Vedic texts

text: Vedic texts

question: What time do the texts locating Magadha kingdom predate?

answer: 600 BC.

text: 600 BC.


text: Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: Carthage

text: was

text: Palermo

text: ’s

text: major

text: trading

text: partner

text: under

text: the

text: Phoenicians

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: prolonged

text: peace

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: Palermo

text: came

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greeks

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: centuries

text: BC

text: which

text: preceded

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: Wars

text: a

text: conflict

text: fought

text: between

text: the

text: Greeks

text: of

text: Syracuse

text: and

text: the

text: Phoenicians

text: of

text: Carthage

text: for

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Sicily

text: During

text: this

text: war

text: the

text: Greeks

text: named

text: the

text: settlement

text: Panormos

text: Πάνορμος

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: current

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: meaning

text: all

text: port

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: its

text: coast

text: It

text: was

text: from

text: Palermo

text: that

text: Hamilcar

text: I

text: 's

text: fleet

text: which

text: was

text: defeated

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Himera

text: was

text: launched

text: In

text: B.C.

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: looted

text: by

text: Hermocrates

text: of

text: Syracuse

text: The

text: Sicilian

text: Wars

text: ended

text: in

text: BC

text: when

text: Carthage

text: and

text: Syracuse

text: stopped

text: warring

text: and

text: united

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: Romans

text: from

text: gaining

text: full

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: Punic

text: War

text: In

text: BC

text: during

text: the

text: Pyrrhic

text: War

text: Panormos

text: briefly

text: became

text: a

text: Greek

text: colony

text: after

text: being

text: conquered

text: by

text: Pyrrhus

text: of

text: Epirus

text: but

text: returned

text: to

text: Phoenician

text: Carthage

text: in

text: In

text: BC

text: Panormos

text: was

text: besieged

text: and

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: battle

text: of

text: Panormus

text: the

text: name

text: Latin

text: name

text: Carthage

text: attempted

text: to

text: reconquer

text: Panormus

text: in

text: BC

text: but

text: failed

question: In which War did Greeks and Phoenicians fight over control of Sicily?

answer: Sicilian Wars

text: Sicilian Wars

question: Why did the Sicilian Wars end?

answer: Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War

text: Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War

question: Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?

answer: Pyrrhus of Epirus

text: Pyrrhus of Epirus

question: Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?

answer: meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast.

text: meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast.

question: Who was Palermo's main trading partner under the Greeks?

text: Carthage

question: Who had a period of peace under Carthage?

text: Palermo

question: Who did Palermo comer into contact with from the 500's to the 600's BC?

text: Ancient Greeks

question: Witch wars proceeded Palermo's contact with Ancient Greece?

text: Sicilian Wars,

question: Who's fleet was launched from Carthage in 408 BC?

text: Hamilcar I's


text: In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: future

text: palace

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Manor

text: of

text: Ebury

text: also

text: called

text: Eia

text: The

text: marshy

text: ground

text: was

text: watered

text: by

text: the

text: river

text: Tyburn

text: which

text: still

text: flows

text: below

text: the

text: courtyard

text: and

text: south

text: wing

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: Where

text: the

text: river

text: was

text: fordable

text: at

text: Cow

text: Ford

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Eye

text: Cross

text: grew

text: Ownership

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: changed

text: hands

text: many

text: times

text: owners

text: included

text: Edward

text: the

text: Confessor

text: and

text: his

text: queen

text: consort

text: Edith

text: of

text: Wessex

text: in

text: late

text: Saxon

text: times

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: William

text: the

text: Conqueror

text: William

text: gave

text: the

text: site

text: to

text: Geoffrey

text: de

text: Mandeville

text: who

text: bequeathed

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: monks

text: of

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

question: Which river runs underneath the palace?

answer: river Tyburn

text: river Tyburn

question: The site of the palace was once owned by which queen consort in the late Saxon times?

answer: Edith of Wessex

text: Edith of Wessex

question: Who did William the Conqueror give the site of the palace to?

answer: Geoffrey de Mandeville

text: Geoffrey de Mandeville

question: The site was passed to monks from which abbey?

answer: Westminster Abbey

text: Westminster Abbey

question: The site of the palace formed part of which Manor in the Middles ages?

answer: Manor of Ebury

text: Manor of Ebury

question: What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford?

answer: Eye Cross

text: Eye Cross

question: Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster?

answer: Geoffrey de Mandeville

text: Geoffrey de Mandeville

question: What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site?

answer: Manor of Ebury

text: Manor of Ebury

question: Which river runs above the palace?

text: river Tyburn

question: Which queen consort in the late Saxon times once rented the site of the palace?

text: Edith of Wessex

question: Who did William the Conqueror buy the site of the palace from?

text: Geoffrey de Mandeville

question: Which abbey refused to have the site passed to the monks?

text: Westminster Abbey

question: What was the name of the village that burned at Cow Ford?

text: Eye Cross


text: The 9th- and 10th-century mosaics of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople are truly classical Byzantine artworks. The north and south tympana beneath the dome was decorated with figures of prophets, saints and patriarchs. Above the principal door from the narthex we can see an Emperor kneeling before Christ (late 9th or early 10th century). Above the door from the southwest vestibule to the narthex another mosaic shows the Theotokos with Justinian and Constantine. Justinian I is offering the model of the church to Mary while Constantine is holding a model of the city in his hand. Both emperors are beardless – this is an example for conscious archaization as contemporary Byzantine rulers were bearded. A mosaic panel on the gallery shows Christ with Constantine Monomachos and Empress Zoe (1042–1055). The emperor gives a bulging money sack to Christ as a donation for the church.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: and

text: century

text: mosaics

text: of

text: the

text: Hagia

text: Sophia

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: are

text: truly

text: classical

text: Byzantine

text: artworks

text: The

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: tympana

text: beneath

text: the

text: dome

text: was

text: decorated

text: with

text: figures

text: of

text: prophets

text: saints

text: and

text: patriarchs

text: Above

text: the

text: principal

text: door

text: from

text: the

text: narthex

text: we

text: can

text: see

text: an

text: Emperor

text: kneeling

text: before

text: Christ

text: late

text: or

text: early

text: century

text: Above

text: the

text: door

text: from

text: the

text: southwest

text: vestibule

text: to

text: the

text: narthex

text: another

text: mosaic

text: shows

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: with

text: Justinian

text: and

text: Constantine

text: Justinian

text: I

text: is

text: offering

text: the

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: to

text: Mary

text: while

text: Constantine

text: is

text: holding

text: a

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: his

text: hand

text: Both

text: emperors

text: are

text: beardless

text: this

text: is

text: an

text: example

text: for

text: conscious

text: archaization

text: as

text: contemporary

text: Byzantine

text: rulers

text: were

text: bearded

text: A

text: mosaic

text: panel

text: on

text: the

text: gallery

text: shows

text: Christ

text: with

text: Constantine

text: Monomachos

text: and

text: Empress

text: Zoe

text: The

text: emperor

text: gives

text: a

text: bulging

text: money

text: sack

text: to

text: Christ

text: as

text: a

text: donation

text: for

text: the

text: church

question: When were the Byzantine mosaics of the Hagia Sophia created?

answer: The 9th- and 10th-century

text: The 9th- and 10th-century

question: The tympana under the dome had images of whom displayed?

answer: prophets, saints and patriarchs

text: prophets, saints and patriarchs

question: When did the Empress Zoe die?

answer: 1055

question: What does the Empress give to Christ as depicted by the mosaic?

answer: a bulging money sack

text: a bulging money sack

question: Who was depicted with the Empress Zoe on a panel in the gallery of the Hagia Sophia?

answer: Constantine Monomachos

text: Constantine Monomachos


text: While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as recorded in the early Buddhist texts. He mentions less likely possibilities as well. Having argued that the cosmological statements in the Upanishads also reflect a contemplative tradition, he argues that the Nasadiya Sukta contains evidence for a contemplative tradition, even as early as the late Rig Vedic period.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: While

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: convincing

text: evidence

text: for

text: meditation

text: in

text: pre

text: Buddhist

text: early

text: Brahminic

text: texts

text: Wynne

text: argues

text: that

text: formless

text: meditation

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Brahminic

text: or

text: Shramanic

text: tradition

text: based

text: on

text: strong

text: parallels

text: between

text: Upanishadic

text: cosmological

text: statements

text: and

text: the

text: meditative

text: goals

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: teachers

text: of

text: the

text: Buddha

text: as

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Buddhist

text: texts

text: He

text: mentions

text: less

text: likely

text: possibilities

text: as

text: well

text: Having

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: cosmological

text: statements

text: in

text: the

text: Upanishads

text: also

text: reflect

text: a

text: contemplative

text: tradition

text: he

text: argues

text: that

text: the

text: Nasadiya

text: Sukta

text: contains

text: evidence

text: for

text: a

text: contemplative

text: tradition

text: even

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: late

text: Rig

text: Vedic

text: period

question: In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what?

answer: meditation

text: meditation

question: The upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition?

answer: contemplative

text: contemplative

question: What contains evidence for a contemplative tradition?

answer: Nasadiya Sukta

text: Nasadiya Sukta


text: The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is used to produce cottonseed oil, which, after refining, can be consumed by humans like any other vegetable oil. The cottonseed meal that is left generally is fed to ruminant livestock; the gossypol remaining in the meal is toxic to monogastric animals. Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle rations for roughage. During the American slavery period, cotton root bark was used in folk remedies as an abortifacient, that is, to induce a miscarriage. Gossypol was one of the many substances found in all parts of the cotton plant and it was described by the scientists as 'poisonous pigment'. It also appears to inhibit the development of sperm or even restrict the mobility of the sperm. Also, it is thought to interfere with the menstrual cycle by restricting the release of certain hormones.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: The

text: cottonseed

text: which

text: remains

text: after

text: the

text: cotton

text: is

text: ginned

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: produce

text: cottonseed

text: oil

text: which

text: after

text: refining

text: can

text: be

text: consumed

text: by

text: humans

text: like

text: any

text: other

text: vegetable

text: oil

text: The

text: cottonseed

text: meal

text: that

text: is

text: left

text: generally

text: is

text: fed

text: to

text: ruminant

text: livestock

text: the

text: gossypol

text: remaining

text: in

text: the

text: meal

text: is

text: toxic

text: to

text: monogastric

text: animals

text: Cottonseed

text: hulls

text: can

text: be

text: added

text: to

text: dairy

text: cattle

text: rations

text: for

text: roughage

text: During

text: the

text: American

text: slavery

text: period

text: cotton

text: root

text: bark

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: folk

text: remedies

text: as

text: an

text: abortifacient

text: that

text: is

text: to

text: induce

text: a

text: miscarriage

text: Gossypol

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: substances

text: found

text: in

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: cotton

text: plant

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: scientists

text: as

text: poisonous

text: pigment

text: It

text: also

text: appears

text: to

text: inhibit

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: sperm

text: or

text: even

text: restrict

text: the

text: mobility

text: of

text: the

text: sperm

text: Also

text: it

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: menstrual

text: cycle

text: by

text: restricting

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: certain

text: hormones

question: For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from the fibers?

answer: cottonseed oil

text: cottonseed oil

question: What product is processed cottonseed oil?

answer: vegetable oil.

text: vegetable oil.

question: What is cottonseed meal used for feed?

answer: ruminant livestock

text: ruminant livestock

question: For what purpose are cottonseed hulls used in feed?

answer: roughage

text: roughage

question: As what did early scientists describe gossypol ?

answer: poisonous pigment

text: poisonous pigment

question: For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from root bark?

text: cottonseed oil

question: What product is processed cottonseed bark?

text: vegetable oil

question: For what purpose is root bark used in feed?

text: roughage

question: As what did early scientists describe cottonseed oil?

text: poisonous pigment

question: What inhibits the development of root bark?

text: Gossypol


text: In the early 1880s, Kanehiro Takaki observed that Japanese sailors (whose diets consisted almost entirely of white rice) developed beriberi (or endemic neuritis, a disease causing heart problems and paralysis), but British sailors and Japanese naval officers did not. Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the diets of Japanese sailors prevented the disease, (not because of the increased protein as Takaki supposed but because it introduced a few parts per million of thiamine to the diet, later understood as a cure).

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Kanehiro

text: Takaki

text: observed

text: that

text: Japanese

text: sailors

text: whose

text: diets

text: consisted

text: almost

text: entirely

text: of

text: white

text: rice

text: developed

text: beriberi

text: or

text: endemic

text: neuritis

text: a

text: disease

text: causing

text: heart

text: problems

text: and

text: paralysis

text: but

text: British

text: sailors

text: and

text: Japanese

text: naval

text: officers

text: did

text: not

text: Adding

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: vegetables

text: and

text: meats

text: to

text: the

text: diets

text: of

text: Japanese

text: sailors

text: prevented

text: the

text: disease

text: not

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: increased

text: protein

text: as

text: Takaki

text: supposed

text: but

text: because

text: it

text: introduced

text: a

text: few

text: parts

text: per

text: million

text: of

text: thiamine

text: to

text: the

text: diet

text: later

text: understood

text: as

text: a

text: cure

question: What was the main component of Japanese sailor's diet?

answer: white rice

text: white rice

question: What is the scientific term for beriberi?

answer: endemic neuritis

text: endemic neuritis

question: What major symptom other than heart problems did beriberi cause?

answer: paralysis

text: paralysis

question: Who made the observation that the Japanese sailor's diet was the cause for them developing beriberi?

answer: Kanehiro Takaki

text: Kanehiro Takaki

question: What was introduced to the diet on a molecular level that prevented the sailors from contracting the disease?

answer: thiamine

text: thiamine


text: Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop. Since energy-intensity is the inverse of energy-efficiency it drops as efficiency goes up. But most of this 43% decrease in energy-intensity also benefited diesel traction. The conversion of wheel bearings from plain to roller, increase of train weight, converting single track lines to double track (or partially double track), and the elimination of obsolete 2-axle freight cars increased the energy-efficiency of all types of traction: electric, diesel, and steam. However, there remained a 12–15% reduction of energy-intensity that only benefited electric traction (and not diesel). This was due to improvements in locomotives, more widespread use of regenerative braking (which in 1989 recycled 2.65% of the electric energy used for traction,) remote control of substations, better handling of the locomotive by the locomotive crew, and improvements in automation. Thus the overall efficiency of electric traction as compared to diesel more than doubled between 1950 and the mid-1970s in the Soviet Union. But after 1974 (thru 1980) there was no improvement in energy-intensity (wh/tonne-km) in part due to increasing speeds of passenger and freight trains.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: Besides

text: increased

text: efficiency

text: of

text: power

text: plants

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: efficiency

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: railway

text: utilization

text: of

text: this

text: electricity

text: with

text: energy

text: intensity

text: dropping

text: from

text: to

text: gross

text: tonne

text: km

text: of

text: both

text: passenger

text: and

text: freight

text: trains

text: or

text: a

text: drop

text: Since

text: energy

text: intensity

text: is

text: the

text: inverse

text: of

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: it

text: drops

text: as

text: efficiency

text: goes

text: up

text: But

text: most

text: of

text: this

text: decrease

text: in

text: energy

text: intensity

text: also

text: benefited

text: diesel

text: traction

text: The

text: conversion

text: of

text: wheel

text: bearings

text: from

text: plain

text: to

text: roller

text: increase

text: of

text: train

text: weight

text: converting

text: single

text: track

text: lines

text: to

text: double

text: track

text: or

text: partially

text: double

text: track

text: and

text: the

text: elimination

text: of

text: obsolete

text: freight

text: cars

text: increased

text: the

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: of

text: all

text: types

text: of

text: traction

text: electric

text: diesel

text: and

text: steam

text: However

text: there

text: remained

text: a

text: reduction

text: of

text: energy

text: intensity

text: that

text: only

text: benefited

text: electric

text: traction

text: and

text: not

text: diesel

text: This

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: improvements

text: in

text: locomotives

text: more

text: widespread

text: use

text: of

text: regenerative

text: braking

text: which

text: in

text: recycled

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: energy

text: used

text: for

text: traction

text: remote

text: control

text: of

text: substations

text: better

text: handling

text: of

text: the

text: locomotive

text: by

text: the

text: locomotive

text: crew

text: and

text: improvements

text: in

text: automation

text: Thus

text: the

text: overall

text: efficiency

text: of

text: electric

text: traction

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: diesel

text: more

text: than

text: doubled

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: But

text: after

text: thru

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: improvement

text: in

text: energy

text: intensity

text: wh

text: tonne

text: km

text: in

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: increasing

text: speeds

text: of

text: passenger

text: and

text: freight

text: trains

question: What caused the energy efficiency to go up?

answer: energy-intensity dropping

text: energy-intensity dropping

question: Elimination of what helped the efficiency of diesel traction to go up?

answer: 2-axle freight cars

text: 2-axle freight cars

question: What type of locomotives got improved during 1950-1973 in Soviet Union?

answer: electric

text: electric

question: How much of energy was saved and re-used due to regenerative braking in 1989?

answer: 2.65%

question: Was there an energy efficiency improvement in the period 1974 through 1980?

answer: no improvement

text: no improvement

question: There was a decreased use of what type of braking?

text: regenerative

question: The overall efficiency of electric traction tripled during what years?

text: 1950 and the mid-1970s

question: The overall efficiency of electric traction tripled in what country?

text: the Soviet Union

question: There were massive improvements in energy-intensity after what year?

question: Energy-efficiency increases as what goes up?

text: efficiency


text: The phase of reflection of electromagnetic waves depends on the polarization of the incident wave. Given the larger refractive index of the ground (typically n=2) compared to air (n=1), the phase of horizontally polarized radiation is reversed upon reflection (a phase shift of  radians or 180°). On the other hand, the vertical component of the wave's electric field is reflected at grazing angles of incidence approximately in phase. These phase shifts apply as well to a ground modelled as a good electrical conductor.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: phase

text: of

text: reflection

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: waves

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: polarization

text: of

text: the

text: incident

text: wave

text: Given

text: the

text: larger

text: refractive

text: index

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: typically

text: compared

text: to

text: air

text: the

text: phase

text: of

text: horizontally

text: polarized

text: radiation

text: is

text: reversed

text: upon

text: reflection

text: a

text: phase

text: shift

text: of

text: radians

text: or

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: the

text: vertical

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: wave

text: 's

text: electric

text: field

text: is

text: reflected

text: at

text: grazing

text: angles

text: of

text: incidence

text: approximately

text: in

text: phase

text: These

text: phase

text: shifts

text: apply

text: as

text: well

text: to

text: a

text: ground

text: modelled

text: as

text: a

text: good

text: electrical

text: conductor

question: What is the refractive index of the ground?

answer: n=2

question: What is the refractive index of air?

answer: n=1

question: When is polarized radiation reversed?

answer: reflection

text: reflection

question: Besides a ground, what has these phases apply well to?

answer: electrical conductor

text: electrical conductor


text: Outstanding debts were also agreed and the company permitted to export 250 tons of saltpetre. Again in 1673, Banks successfully negotiated another contract for 700 tons of saltpetre at £37,000 between the king and the company. So urgent was the need to supply the armed forces in the United Kingdom, America and elsewhere that the authorities sometimes turned a blind eye on the untaxed sales. One governor of the company was even reported as saying in 1864 that he would rather have the saltpetre made than the tax on salt.

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: Outstanding

text: debts

text: were

text: also

text: agreed

text: and

text: the

text: company

text: permitted

text: to

text: export

text: tons

text: of

text: saltpetre

text: Again

text: in

text: Banks

text: successfully

text: negotiated

text: another

text: contract

text: for

text: tons

text: of

text: saltpetre

text: at

text: between

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: the

text: company

text: So

text: urgent

text: was

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: supply

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: America

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: that

text: the

text: authorities

text: sometimes

text: turned

text: a

text: blind

text: eye

text: on

text: the

text: untaxed

text: sales

text: One

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: was

text: even

text: reported

text: as

text: saying

text: in

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: rather

text: have

text: the

text: saltpetre

text: made

text: than

text: the

text: tax

text: on

text: salt

question: Due to agreed debt what 250 tons  product was first permitted to be exported by the company after the seven years' war?

answer: saltpetre

text: saltpetre

question: in what year did Banks  negotiate between the king and the East india company for 700 tons of saltpetre?

answer: 1673

question: Saltpetre was used for what people, specifically the need for this product had people overlooking untaxed sales?

answer: armed forces

text: armed forces

question: One of the governor of the company said that he would rather have saltpetre then____ in its raw form?

answer: salt

text: salt

question: how much did 700 tons of saltpetre go for in the contract negotiated by Banks in 1673

answer: £37,000

question: What year did Banks negotiate between the princess and the North India company for 600 tons of salt?

question: What 800 tons product was first permitted to be exported by the company after the seven years' war?

text: saltpetre

question: What people were forbidden from using saltpetre?

text: armed forces

question: How much did 700 tons of saltpetre go for in the contract negotiated by Banks in 1573?


text: Montana's personal income tax contains 7 brackets, with rates ranging from 1 percent to 6.9 percent. Montana has no sales tax. In Montana, household goods are exempt from property taxes. However, property taxes are assessed on livestock, farm machinery, heavy equipment, automobiles, trucks, and business equipment. The amount of property tax owed is not determined solely by the property's value. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. The taxable value is then multiplied by the mill levy established by various taxing jurisdictions—city and county government, school districts and others.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Montana

text: 's

text: personal

text: income

text: tax

text: contains

text: brackets

text: with

text: rates

text: ranging

text: from

text: percent

text: to

text: percent

text: Montana

text: has

text: no

text: sales

text: tax

text: In

text: Montana

text: household

text: goods

text: are

text: exempt

text: from

text: property

text: taxes

text: However

text: property

text: taxes

text: are

text: assessed

text: on

text: livestock

text: farm

text: machinery

text: heavy

text: equipment

text: automobiles

text: trucks

text: and

text: business

text: equipment

text: The

text: amount

text: of

text: property

text: tax

text: owed

text: is

text: not

text: determined

text: solely

text: by

text: the

text: property

text: 's

text: value

text: The

text: property

text: 's

text: value

text: is

text: multiplied

text: by

text: a

text: tax

text: rate

text: set

text: by

text: the

text: Montana

text: Legislature

text: to

text: determine

text: its

text: taxable

text: value

text: The

text: taxable

text: value

text: is

text: then

text: multiplied

text: by

text: the

text: mill

text: levy

text: established

text: by

text: various

text: taxing

text: jurisdictions

text: city

text: and

text: county

text: government

text: school

text: districts

text: and

text: others

question: How many tax brackets does Montana have?

answer: 7

question: What is the highest tax bracket in Montana?

answer: 6.9 percent

text: 6.9 percent

question: Does Montana have a sales tax?

answer: no

text: no


text: The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: The

text: Melbourne

text: rail

text: network

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: privately

text: built

text: lines

text: from

text: the

text: gold

text: rush

text: era

text: and

text: today

text: the

text: suburban

text: network

text: consists

text: of

text: suburban

text: stations

text: on

text: lines

text: which

text: radiate

text: from

text: the

text: City

text: Loop

text: a

text: partially

text: underground

text: metro

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: beneath

text: the

text: Central

text: Business

text: District

text: Hoddle

text: Grid

text: Flinders

text: Street

text: Station

text: is

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: busiest

text: railway

text: station

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: passenger

text: station

text: in

text: It

text: remains

text: a

text: prominent

text: Melbourne

text: landmark

text: and

text: meeting

text: place

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: rail

text: connections

text: with

text: regional

text: Victorian

text: cities

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: direct

text: interstate

text: rail

text: services

text: to

text: Sydney

text: and

text: Adelaide

text: and

text: beyond

text: which

text: depart

text: from

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: other

text: major

text: rail

text: terminus

text: Southern

text: Cross

text: Station

text: in

text: Spencer

text: Street

text: In

text: the

text: financial

text: year

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: rail

text: network

text: recorded

text: million

text: passenger

text: trips

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: its

text: history

text: Many

text: rail

text: lines

text: along

text: with

text: dedicated

text: lines

text: and

text: rail

text: yards

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: freight

text: The

text: Overland

text: to

text: Adelaide

text: departs

text: Southern

text: Cross

text: twice

text: a

text: week

text: while

text: the

text: XPT

text: to

text: Sydney

text: departs

text: twice

text: a

text: day

question: How many lines does the Melbourne rail network have?

answer: 16

question: Which rail station is Melbourne's busiest?

answer: Flinders Street Station

text: Flinders Street Station

question: Which Melbourne rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926?

answer: Flinders Street Station

text: Flinders Street Station

question: During which financial year did the Melbourne rail network record its highest volume of passenger trips?

answer: 2013–2014

question: How often does the XPT to Sydney depart?

answer: twice a day

text: twice a day


text: At over 5 million, Puerto Ricans are easily the 2nd largest Hispanic group. Of all major Hispanic groups, Puerto Ricans are the least likely to be proficient in Spanish, but millions of Puerto Rican Americans living in the U.S. mainland nonetheless are fluent in Spanish. Puerto Ricans are natural-born U.S. citizens, and many Puerto Ricans have migrated to New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, and other areas of the Eastern United States, increasing the Spanish-speaking populations and in some areas being the majority of the Hispanophone population, especially in Central Florida. In Hawaii, where Puerto Rican farm laborers and Mexican ranchers have settled since the late 19th century, 7.0 per cent of the islands' people are either Hispanic or Hispanophone or both.

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: At

text: over

text: million

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: are

text: easily

text: the

text: largest

text: Hispanic

text: group

text: Of

text: all

text: major

text: Hispanic

text: groups

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: are

text: the

text: least

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: proficient

text: in

text: Spanish

text: but

text: millions

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: Americans

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: mainland

text: nonetheless

text: are

text: fluent

text: in

text: Spanish

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: are

text: natural

text: born

text: U.S.

text: citizens

text: and

text: many

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: have

text: migrated

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Orlando

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: United

text: States

text: increasing

text: the

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: populations

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: being

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Hispanophone

text: population

text: especially

text: in

text: Central

text: Florida

text: In

text: Hawaii

text: where

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: farm

text: laborers

text: and

text: Mexican

text: ranchers

text: have

text: settled

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: people

text: are

text: either

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Hispanophone

text: or

text: both

question: How many Puerto Ricans are there?

answer: At over 5 million, Puerto Ricans are easily the 2nd largest Hispanic group. Of all major Hispanic groups

text: At over 5 million, Puerto Ricans are easily the 2nd largest Hispanic group. Of all major Hispanic groups

question: Do they speak Spanish fluently?

answer: Puerto Ricans are the least likely to be proficient in Spanish

text: Puerto Ricans are the least likely to be proficient in Spanish

question: Where are the biggest population of Puerto Ricans on the mainland?

answer: many Puerto Ricans have migrated to New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, and other areas of the Eastern United States

text: many Puerto Ricans have migrated to New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, and other areas of the Eastern United States

question: Does Florida have a high Hispanic population?

answer: increasing the Spanish-speaking populations and in some areas being the majority of the Hispanophone population, especially in Central Florida. In Hawaii

text: increasing the Spanish-speaking populations and in some areas being the majority of the Hispanophone population, especially in Central Florida. In Hawaii

question: Are Hispanics in Hawaii?

answer: 7.0 per cent of the islands' people are either Hispanic or Hispanophone or both.

text: 7.0 per cent of the islands' people are either Hispanic or Hispanophone or both.

question: What is the second largest hispanic group?

text: Puerto Ricans

question: How many Puerto Ricans are there?

text: over 5 million

question: Puerto Ricans are citizens of what country?

text: U.S.

question: Which region of the United States have many Puerto Ricans migrated to?

text: Eastern

question: Where did Puerto Rican farm laborers go in the 19th century?

text: Hawaii

question: How many U.S. citizens are there?

text: over 5 million

question: Which group is least likely to be proficient in English?

text: Puerto Ricans

question: How any of Puerto Rico's people are either English or Hispanophone or both?

question: How many Hawaiians live in the U.S. mainland?

text: millions

question: Where have farm ranchers and English ranchers settled?

text: Hawaii


text: Evidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific coast to South America.

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: Evidence

text: suggests

text: big

text: game

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: crossed

text: the

text: Bering

text: Strait

text: from

text: Asia

text: Eurasia

text: into

text: North

text: America

text: over

text: a

text: land

text: bridge

text: Beringia

text: that

text: existed

text: between

text: years

text: ago

text: Around

text: years

text: ago

text: these

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: followed

text: herds

text: of

text: now

text: extinct

text: Pleistocene

text: megafauna

text: along

text: ice

text: free

text: corridors

text: that

text: stretched

text: between

text: the

text: Laurentide

text: and

text: Cordilleran

text: ice

text: sheets

text: Another

text: route

text: proposed

text: is

text: that

text: either

text: on

text: foot

text: or

text: using

text: primitive

text: boats

text: they

text: migrated

text: down

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coast

text: to

text: South

text: America

question: These ancient hunter-gathers followed what path in pursuit of game?

answer: ice-free corridors

text: ice-free corridors

question: Between what ice sheets were the corridors located?

answer: Laurentide and Cordilleran

text: Laurentide and Cordilleran

question: What other way could they have crossed on to this continent?

answer: primitive boats

text: primitive boats

question: Small-game hunters crossed which Strait?

text: the Bering

question: Hunter-gatherers traveled along iced corridors how many years ago?

text: Around 18,500-15,500 years ago

question: Big-game hunters cam from Asia into South America over what bridge?

text: a land bridge

question: Using advanced boats, they also could have migrated down the Pacific to where?

text: South America

question: A land bridge from Asia into South America existed how many years ago?

text: 47,000–14,000 years ago


text: Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. In modernising its infrastructure through the centuries, Paris has preserved even its earliest history in its street map.[citation needed] At its origin, before the Middle Ages, the city was composed around several islands and sandbanks in a bend of the Seine; of those, two remain today: the île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité; a third one is the 1827 artificially created île aux Cygnes. Modern Paris owes much to its late 19th century Second Empire remodelling by the Baron Haussmann: many of modern Paris' busiest streets, avenues and boulevards today are a result of that city renovation. Paris also owes its style to its aligned street-fronts, distinctive cream-grey "Paris stone" building ornamentation, aligned top-floor balconies, and tree-lined boulevards. The high residential population of its city centre makes it much different from most other western global cities.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Most

text: French

text: rulers

text: since

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: made

text: a

text: point

text: of

text: leaving

text: their

text: mark

text: on

text: a

text: city

text: that

text: contrary

text: to

text: many

text: other

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: capitals

text: has

text: never

text: been

text: destroyed

text: by

text: catastrophe

text: or

text: war

text: In

text: modernising

text: its

text: infrastructure

text: through

text: the

text: centuries

text: Paris

text: has

text: preserved

text: even

text: its

text: earliest

text: history

text: in

text: its

text: street

text: map.[citation

text: needed

text: At

text: its

text: origin

text: before

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: composed

text: around

text: several

text: islands

text: and

text: sandbanks

text: in

text: a

text: bend

text: of

text: the

text: Seine

text: of

text: those

text: two

text: remain

text: today

text: the

text: île

text: Saint

text: Louis

text: the

text: île

text: de

text: la

text: Cité

text: a

text: third

text: one

text: is

text: the

text: artificially

text: created

text: île

text: aux

text: Cygnes

text: Modern

text: Paris

text: owes

text: much

text: to

text: its

text: late

text: century

text: Second

text: Empire

text: remodelling

text: by

text: the

text: Baron

text: Haussmann

text: many

text: of

text: modern

text: Paris

text: busiest

text: streets

text: avenues

text: and

text: boulevards

text: today

text: are

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: that

text: city

text: renovation

text: Paris

text: also

text: owes

text: its

text: style

text: to

text: its

text: aligned

text: street

text: fronts

text: distinctive

text: cream

text: grey

text: Paris

text: stone

text: building

text: ornamentation

text: aligned

text: top

text: floor

text: balconies

text: and

text: tree

text: lined

text: boulevards

text: The

text: high

text: residential

text: population

text: of

text: its

text: city

text: centre

text: makes

text: it

text: much

text: different

text: from

text: most

text: other

text: western

text: global

text: cities

question: Who remodeled Paris in the 19th century?

answer: Baron Haussmann

text: Baron Haussmann

question: Which two islands remain in Paris today?

answer: île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité

text: île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité

question: When was ile aux Cygnes created?

answer: 1827


text: Some of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival traditions spread to Spain, Portugal and France and from France to New France in North America. From Spain and Portugal it spread with colonization to the Caribbean and Latin America. In the early 19th century in the German Rhineland and Southern Netherlands, the weakened medieval tradition also revive. Continuously in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, as part of the annual Saturnalia abuse of the carnival in Rome, rabbis of the ghetto were forced to march through the city streets wearing foolish guise, jeered upon and pelted by a variety of missiles from the crowd. A petition of the Jewish community of Rome sent in 1836 to Pope Gregory XVI to stop the annual anti-semitic Saturnalia abuse got a negation: “It is not opportune to make any innovation.”

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: traditions

text: including

text: carnal

text: parades

text: and

text: masquerade

text: balls

text: were

text: first

text: recorded

text: in

text: medieval

text: Italy

text: The

text: carnival

text: of

text: Venice

text: was

text: for

text: a

text: long

text: time

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: carnival

text: although

text: Napoleon

text: abolished

text: it

text: in

text: and

text: only

text: in

text: was

text: the

text: tradition

text: restored

text: From

text: Italy

text: Carnival

text: traditions

text: spread

text: to

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: from

text: France

text: to

text: New

text: France

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: From

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: it

text: spread

text: with

text: colonization

text: to

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: Southern

text: Netherlands

text: the

text: weakened

text: medieval

text: tradition

text: also

text: revive

text: Continuously

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: CE

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: annual

text: Saturnalia

text: abuse

text: of

text: the

text: carnival

text: in

text: Rome

text: rabbis

text: of

text: the

text: ghetto

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: march

text: through

text: the

text: city

text: streets

text: wearing

text: foolish

text: guise

text: jeered

text: upon

text: and

text: pelted

text: by

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: missiles

text: from

text: the

text: crowd

text: A

text: petition

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: community

text: of

text: Rome

text: sent

text: in

text: to

text: Pope

text: Gregory

text: XVI

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: annual

text: anti

text: semitic

text: Saturnalia

text: abuse

text: got

text: a

text: negation

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: opportune

text: to

text: make

text: any

text: innovation

question: Where were some of the best-known traditions first recorded?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: What city's carnival was the most famous for a long time?

answer: Venice

text: Venice

question: What was the first place in North America with a Carnival tradition?

answer: New France

text: New France

question: What were rabbis from the ghettos forced to march through the city streets wearing?

answer: foolish guise

text: foolish guise

question: Who dismissed the petition of the Jewish community to stop the abuse of them?

answer: Pope Gregory XVI

text: Pope Gregory XVI


text: During the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of the Catholic League. On 24 August 1572, Paris was the site of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, when thousands of French Protestants were killed. The last of these wars, the eighth one, ended in 1594, after Henri IV had converted to Catholicism and was finally able to enter Paris as he supposedly declared Paris vaut bien une messe ("Paris is well worth a Mass"). The city had been neglected for decades; by the time of his assassination in 1610, Henry IV had rebuilt the Pont Neuf, the first Paris bridge with sidewalks and not lined with buildings, linked with a new wing the Louvre to the Tuileries Palace, and created the first Paris residential square, the Place Royale, now Place des Vosges.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: During

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: the

text: army

text: of

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Burgundy

text: and

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: about

text: two

text: hundred

text: English

text: soldiers

text: occupied

text: Paris

text: from

text: May

text: until

text: They

text: repelled

text: an

text: attempt

text: by

text: Joan

text: of

text: Arc

text: to

text: liberate

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: A

text: century

text: later

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Wars

text: of

text: Religion

text: Paris

text: was

text: a

text: stronghold

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: League

text: On

text: August

text: Paris

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Bartholomew

text: 's

text: Day

text: massacre

text: when

text: thousands

text: of

text: French

text: Protestants

text: were

text: killed

text: The

text: last

text: of

text: these

text: wars

text: the

text: eighth

text: one

text: ended

text: in

text: after

text: Henri

text: IV

text: had

text: converted

text: to

text: Catholicism

text: and

text: was

text: finally

text: able

text: to

text: enter

text: Paris

text: as

text: he

text: supposedly

text: declared

text: Paris

text: vaut

text: bien

text: une

text: messe

text: Paris

text: is

text: well

text: worth

text: a

text: Mass

text: The

text: city

text: had

text: been

text: neglected

text: for

text: decades

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: assassination

text: in

text: Henry

text: IV

text: had

text: rebuilt

text: the

text: Pont

text: Neuf

text: the

text: first

text: Paris

text: bridge

text: with

text: sidewalks

text: and

text: not

text: lined

text: with

text: buildings

text: linked

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: wing

text: the

text: Louvre

text: to

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Palace

text: and

text: created

text: the

text: first

text: Paris

text: residential

text: square

text: the

text: Place

text: Royale

text: now

text: Place

text: des

text: Vosges

question: In what years did the English soldiers occupy Paris during the Hundred Years War?

answer: 1420 until 1436

text: 1420 until 1436

question: Who tried to liberate the city in 1429?

answer: Joan of Arc

text: Joan of Arc

question: What was the date of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?

answer: 24 August 1572

text: 24 August 1572

question: In what year was Henri IV assassinated?

answer: 1610

question: Who was responsible for rebuilding Paris in the 1600's

answer: Henry IV

text: Henry IV


text: The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Yet two paternal haplogroups predominate: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a [L69.2=T/S163.2]. The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus, to 15.2% in Republic of Macedonia, 14.7% in Bulgaria and 12.1% in Herzegovina. The correlation between R1a1a [M17] and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s. From this Spencer Wells and colleagues, following the Kurgan hypothesis, deduced that R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: The

text: modern

text: Slavic

text: peoples

text: carry

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: haplogroups

text: and

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: DNA

text: haplogroups

text: Yet

text: two

text: paternal

text: haplogroups

text: predominate

text: and

text: The

text: frequency

text: of

text: Haplogroup

text: ranges

text: from

text: in

text: the

text: Sorbs

text: through

text: in

text: Poland

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: in

text: Russia

text: Belarus

text: to

text: in

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: in

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: in

text: Herzegovina

text: The

text: correlation

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: speakers

text: of

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: particularly

text: those

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Russian

text: and

text: Central

text: and

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: was

text: noticed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: From

text: this

text: Spencer

text: Wells

text: and

text: colleagues

text: following

text: the

text: Kurgan

text: hypothesis

text: deduced

text: that

text: arose

text: on

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Caspian

text: steppe

question: What two DNA haplogroups predominate in modern Slavic peoples?

answer: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a

text: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a

question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?

answer: 63.39%

question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland?

answer: 56.4%

question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Ukraine?

answer: 54%

question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Russia?

answer: 52%

question: When did Spencer Wells deduce R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe?

text: the late 1990s

question: How frequent is I2a2a in the Sorbs?

question: What population is I2a2a the rarest in?

text: Herzegovina

question: Who created the Kurgan hypothesis?

text: Spencer Wells

question: Where did  I2a2a arise from?

text: the Pontic-Caspian steppe


text: The bureau's first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the "White Slave Traffic Act," or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: bureau

text: 's

text: first

text: official

text: task

text: was

text: visiting

text: and

text: making

text: surveys

text: of

text: the

text: houses

text: of

text: prostitution

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: enforcing

text: the

text: White

text: Slave

text: Traffic

text: Act

text: or

text: Mann

text: Act

text: passed

text: on

text: June

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: it

text: was

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Prohibition

text: and

text: rechristened

text: the

text: Division

text: of

text: Investigation

text: DOI

text: before

text: finally

text: becoming

text: an

text: independent

text: service

text: within

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: its

text: name

text: was

text: officially

text: changed

text: from

text: the

text: Division

text: of

text: Investigation

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: or

text: FBI

question: What was the bureau's first task?

answer: visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution

text: visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution

question: What act was the bureau initially tasked with enforcing?

answer: White Slave Traffic Act

text: White Slave Traffic Act

question: What was the other formal name of the Mann Act?

answer: White Slave Traffic Act

text: White Slave Traffic Act

question: When was the Mann Act passed?

answer: June 25, 1910

text: June 25, 1910

question: When was the bureau renamed?

answer: In 1932,

text: In 1932,

question: What did the bureau visit during its last official task?

text: houses of prostitution

question: What was the last law that the FBI enforced?

text: White Slave Traffic Act

question: When was the Mann Act rejected by congress?

text: June 25, 1910

question: What year was the Division of Investigation renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation?

question: When was the FBI separated from the Department of Justice?


text: Napoleon's coronation took place on December 2, 1804. Two separate crowns were brought for the ceremony: a golden laurel wreath recalling the Roman Empire and a replica of Charlemagne's crown. Napoleon entered the ceremony wearing the laurel wreath and kept it on his head throughout the proceedings. For the official coronation, he raised the Charlemagne crown over his own head in a symbolic gesture, but never placed it on top because he was already wearing the golden wreath. Instead he placed the crown on Josephine's head, the event commemorated in the officially sanctioned painting by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan on May 26, 1805. He created eighteen Marshals of the Empire from amongst his top generals to secure the allegiance of the army.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: coronation

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: December

text: Two

text: separate

text: crowns

text: were

text: brought

text: for

text: the

text: ceremony

text: a

text: golden

text: laurel

text: wreath

text: recalling

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: a

text: replica

text: of

text: Charlemagne

text: 's

text: crown

text: Napoleon

text: entered

text: the

text: ceremony

text: wearing

text: the

text: laurel

text: wreath

text: and

text: kept

text: it

text: on

text: his

text: head

text: throughout

text: the

text: proceedings

text: For

text: the

text: official

text: coronation

text: he

text: raised

text: the

text: Charlemagne

text: crown

text: over

text: his

text: own

text: head

text: in

text: a

text: symbolic

text: gesture

text: but

text: never

text: placed

text: it

text: on

text: top

text: because

text: he

text: was

text: already

text: wearing

text: the

text: golden

text: wreath

text: Instead

text: he

text: placed

text: the

text: crown

text: on

text: Josephine

text: 's

text: head

text: the

text: event

text: commemorated

text: in

text: the

text: officially

text: sanctioned

text: painting

text: by

text: Jacques

text: Louis

text: David

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: also

text: crowned

text: King

text: of

text: Italy

text: with

text: the

text: Iron

text: Crown

text: of

text: Lombardy

text: at

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Milan

text: on

text: May

text: He

text: created

text: eighteen

text: Marshals

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: from

text: amongst

text: his

text: top

text: generals

text: to

text: secure

text: the

text: allegiance

text: of

text: the

text: army

question: On what date did Napoleon's coronation occur?

answer: December 2, 1804

text: December 2, 1804

question: How many crowns were used in Napoleon's coronation ceremony?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: Other than France, what country was Napoleon crowned king of?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: When was Napoleon crowned King of Italy?

answer: May 26, 1805

text: May 26, 1805

question: Where was Napoleon crowned King of Italy?

answer: at the Cathedral of Milan

text: at the Cathedral of Milan


text: The city is governed by a mayor and a 9-member city council. In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government. The change was brought about by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the legislative body. The City of San Diego is responsible for police, public safety, streets, water and sewer service, planning and zoning, and similar services within its borders. San Diego is a sanctuary city, however, San Diego County is a participant of the Secure Communities program. As of 2011[update], the city had one employee for every 137 residents, with a payroll greater than $733 million.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: a

text: mayor

text: and

text: a

text: city

text: council

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: changed

text: from

text: a

text: council

text: manager

text: government

text: to

text: a

text: strong

text: mayor

text: government

text: The

text: change

text: was

text: brought

text: about

text: by

text: a

text: citywide

text: vote

text: in

text: The

text: mayor

text: is

text: in

text: effect

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: while

text: the

text: council

text: is

text: the

text: legislative

text: body

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: police

text: public

text: safety

text: streets

text: water

text: and

text: sewer

text: service

text: planning

text: and

text: zoning

text: and

text: similar

text: services

text: within

text: its

text: borders

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: a

text: sanctuary

text: city

text: however

text: San

text: Diego

text: County

text: is

text: a

text: participant

text: of

text: the

text: Secure

text: Communities

text: program

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: one

text: employee

text: for

text: every

text: residents

text: with

text: a

text: payroll

text: greater

text: than

text: million

question: In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government?

answer: 2004

question: How many employees are there in San Diego for every 137 residents?

answer: one

text: one

question: What is the number of members on the city's council?

answer: 9

question: Despite being a sanctuary city, what program does San Diego county participate in?

answer: Secure Communities program

text: Secure Communities program

question: What is the county's payroll?

answer: greater than $733 million.

text: greater than $733 million.

question: In what year did the city vote to change to a weak mayor government?

question: How many employees are there in San Diego for every 37 residents?

text: one

question: What is the number of members on the county's council?

question: Despite being a sanctuary city, what program does San Francisco county participate in?

text: Secure Communities program

question: What is the city's payroll?

text: greater than $733 million


text: Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch, about 40 Ma Australia-New Guinea separated from Antarctica, so that latitudinal currents could isolate Antarctica from Australia, and the first ice began to appear. During the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event about 34 million years ago, CO2 levels have been found to be about 760 ppm and had been decreasing from earlier levels in the thousands of ppm.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Africa

text: separated

text: from

text: Antarctica

text: in

text: the

text: Jurassic

text: around

text: Ma

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Cretaceous

text: about

text: Ma

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: about

text: Ma

text: Antarctica

text: then

text: connected

text: to

text: Australia

text: still

text: had

text: a

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: and

text: flora

text: complete

text: with

text: a

text: marsupial

text: fauna

text: In

text: the

text: Eocene

text: epoch

text: about

text: Ma

text: Australia

text: New

text: Guinea

text: separated

text: from

text: Antarctica

text: so

text: that

text: latitudinal

text: currents

text: could

text: isolate

text: Antarctica

text: from

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: ice

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: During

text: the

text: Eocene

text: Oligocene

text: extinction

text: event

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: levels

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: about

text: ppm

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: decreasing

text: from

text: earlier

text: levels

text: in

text: the

text: thousands

text: of

text: ppm

question: In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica?

answer: Jurassic

text: Jurassic

question: When was Antarctica still joined to Australia?

answer: end of the Cretaceous

text: end of the Cretaceous

question: What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period?

answer: subtropical

text: subtropical

question: When did Australia separate from Antarctica?

answer: Eocene epoch

text: Eocene epoch

question: After the division from Australia, what began to appear?

answer: ice

text: ice

question: What seperated from Antarctica in the Cretaceous?

text: Africa

question: What did Antactica connect to in the Jurassic?

text: Australia

question: When did Antarctica have a tropical cimate?

text: Cretaceous

question: What currents began isolating Australia in 66 Ma

text: latitudinal currents

question: What happened around 106 Ma?

text: Africa separated from Antarctica

question: When did New-Australia Guinea separate from Antarctica?

text: In the Eocene epoch

question: What took place about 43 million years ago?

text: Eocene–Oligocene extinction event

question: What was found to be 670ppm about 34 million years ago?

text: CO2 levels


text: Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Giant

text: of

text: Africa

text: owing

text: to

text: its

text: large

text: population

text: and

text: economy

text: With

text: approximately

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Nigeria

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: populations

text: of

text: youth

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: a

text: multinational

text: state

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: inhabited

text: by

text: over

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: three

text: largest

text: are

text: the

text: Hausa

text: Igbo

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: these

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speak

text: over

text: different

text: languages

text: and

text: are

text: identified

text: with

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: cultures

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: English

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: divided

text: roughly

text: in

text: half

text: between

text: Christians

text: who

text: live

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: Muslims

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: A

text: minority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: practise

text: religions

text: indigenous

text: to

text: Nigeria

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: native

text: to

text: Igbo

text: and

text: Yoruba

text: peoples

question: Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?

answer: Nigeria

text: Nigeria

question: How many people live in Nigeria?

answer: 182 million

text: 182 million

question: How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?

answer: seventh

text: seventh

question: How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?

answer: over 500

text: over 500

question: What is Nigeria's official language?

answer: English

text: English


text: In the 1990s, initiatives were taken at an international level (in particular by the European Community, the Council of Europe, the OECD) to put a ban on corruption: in 1996, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, for instance, adopted a comprehensive Programme of Action against Corruption and, subsequently, issued a series of anti-corruption standard-setting instruments:

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: In

text: the

text: initiatives

text: were

text: taken

text: at

text: an

text: international

text: level

text: in

text: particular

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Community

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: OECD

text: to

text: put

text: a

text: ban

text: on

text: corruption

text: in

text: the

text: Committee

text: of

text: Ministers

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Europe

text: for

text: instance

text: adopted

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: Programme

text: of

text: Action

text: against

text: Corruption

text: and

text: subsequently

text: issued

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: anti

text: corruption

text: standard

text: setting

text: instruments

question: What decade saw international initiatives to combat corruption?

answer: 1990s

question: Who started the Programme of Action?

answer: Ministers of the Council of Europe

text: Ministers of the Council of Europe

question: What did the Programme of Action issue?

answer: a series of anti-corruption standard-setting instruments

text: a series of anti-corruption standard-setting instruments


text: For vertebrates, the early stages of neural development are similar across all species. As the embryo transforms from a round blob of cells into a wormlike structure, a narrow strip of ectoderm running along the midline of the back is induced to become the neural plate, the precursor of the nervous system. The neural plate folds inward to form the neural groove, and then the lips that line the groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will contain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: For

text: vertebrates

text: the

text: early

text: stages

text: of

text: neural

text: development

text: are

text: similar

text: across

text: all

text: species

text: As

text: the

text: embryo

text: transforms

text: from

text: a

text: round

text: blob

text: of

text: cells

text: into

text: a

text: wormlike

text: structure

text: a

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: ectoderm

text: running

text: along

text: the

text: midline

text: of

text: the

text: back

text: is

text: induced

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: neural

text: plate

text: the

text: precursor

text: of

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: The

text: neural

text: plate

text: folds

text: inward

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: neural

text: groove

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: lips

text: that

text: line

text: the

text: groove

text: merge

text: to

text: enclose

text: the

text: neural

text: tube

text: a

text: hollow

text: cord

text: of

text: cells

text: with

text: a

text: fluid

text: filled

text: ventricle

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: At

text: the

text: front

text: end

text: the

text: ventricles

text: and

text: cord

text: swell

text: to

text: form

text: three

text: vesicles

text: that

text: are

text: the

text: precursors

text: of

text: the

text: forebrain

text: midbrain

text: and

text: hindbrain

text: At

text: the

text: next

text: stage

text: the

text: forebrain

text: splits

text: into

text: two

text: vesicles

text: called

text: the

text: telencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: cerebral

text: cortex

text: basal

text: ganglia

text: and

text: related

text: structures

text: and

text: the

text: diencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: thalamus

text: and

text: hypothalamus

text: At

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: hindbrain

text: splits

text: into

text: the

text: metencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: cerebellum

text: and

text: pons

text: and

text: the

text: myelencephalon

text: which

text: will

text: contain

text: the

text: medulla

text: oblongata

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: areas

text: contains

text: proliferative

text: zones

text: where

text: neurons

text: and

text: glial

text: cells

text: are

text: generated

text: the

text: resulting

text: cells

text: then

text: migrate

text: sometimes

text: for

text: long

text: distances

text: to

text: their

text: final

text: positions

question: The precursor of the nervous system is called what in vertebrates?

answer: the neural plate

text: the neural plate

question: The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center?

answer: fluid-filled ventricle

text: fluid-filled ventricle

question: The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what?

answer: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon

text: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon

question: The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one?

answer: telencephalon

text: telencephalon

question: The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle?

answer: the diencephalon

text: the diencephalon