text: In addition to limiting the total average power used by the device, the USB specification limits the inrush current (i.e., that used to charge decoupling and filter capacitors) when the device is first connected. Otherwise, connecting a device could cause problems with the host's internal power. USB devices are also required to automatically enter ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended. Nevertheless, many USB host interfaces do not cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended.

title: USB

title: USB

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: limiting

text: the

text: total

text: average

text: power

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: device

text: the

text: USB

text: specification

text: limits

text: the

text: inrush

text: current

text: i.e.

text: that

text: used

text: to

text: charge

text: decoupling

text: and

text: filter

text: capacitors

text: when

text: the

text: device

text: is

text: first

text: connected

text: Otherwise

text: connecting

text: a

text: device

text: could

text: cause

text: problems

text: with

text: the

text: host

text: 's

text: internal

text: power

text: USB

text: devices

text: are

text: also

text: required

text: to

text: automatically

text: enter

text: ultra

text: low

text: power

text: suspend

text: mode

text: when

text: the

text: USB

text: host

text: is

text: suspended

text: Nevertheless

text: many

text: USB

text: host

text: interfaces

text: do

text: not

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: power

text: supply

text: to

text: USB

text: devices

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: suspended

question: What does the USB specification limit?

answer: the inrush current

text: the inrush current

question: When is the inrush current affected by the USB specification?

answer: when the device is first connected

text: when the device is first connected

question: What are USB devices required to enter?

answer: ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended

text: ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended

question: Many USB host interfaces do not what?

answer: cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended

text: cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended


text: In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: In

text: an

text: ethnic

text: sense

text: an

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jew

text: is

text: one

text: whose

text: ancestry

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: the

text: Jews

text: who

text: settled

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: For

text: roughly

text: a

text: thousand

text: years

text: the

text: Ashkenazim

text: were

text: a

text: reproductively

text: isolated

text: population

text: in

text: Europe

text: despite

text: living

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: with

text: little

text: inflow

text: or

text: outflow

text: from

text: migration

text: conversion

text: or

text: intermarriage

text: with

text: other

text: groups

text: including

text: other

text: Jews

text: Human

text: geneticists

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: genetic

text: variations

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: that

text: show

text: high

text: frequencies

text: among

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: European

text: population

text: be

text: they

text: for

text: patrilineal

text: markers

text: Y

text: chromosome

text: haplotypes

text: and

text: for

text: matrilineal

text: markers

text: mitotypes

text: However

text: a

text: study

text: of

text: Ashkenazi

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Huddersfield

text: in

text: England

text: suggests

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: maternal

text: lineages

text: derive

text: from

text: the

text: assimilation

text: of

text: mtDNAs

text: indigenous

text: to

text: Europe

text: probably

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: of

text: conversion

text: Since

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: many

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: have

text: intermarried

text: both

text: with

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: and

text: with

text: people

text: of

text: other

text: nations

text: and

text: faiths

question: For what period of time were the Ashkenazim a reproductively isolated population in Europe?

answer: For roughly a thousand years

text: For roughly a thousand years

question: In an ethnic sense, Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled where?

answer: Central Europe

text: Central Europe

question: In the last 50-60 years, have more or less Ashkenazi Jews intermarried with people outside of their community?

answer: many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths

text: many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths

question: Human geneticists argue that genetic variations have been identified that show high or low frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews?

answer: high frequencies

text: high frequencies

question: A 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA was conducted by what university?

answer: University of Huddersfield in England

text: University of Huddersfield in England


text: Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part. It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports. After casting Bérénice Lim Marlohe, a relative newcomer, as Sévérine in Skyfall, Mendes consciously sought out a more experienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann, ultimately casting Léa Seydoux in the role. Monica Bellucci joined the cast as Lucia Sciarra, becoming, at the age of fifty, the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl. In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre.

title: Spectre_(2015_film)

title: Spectre_(2015_film

text: Christoph

text: Waltz

text: was

text: cast

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Franz

text: Oberhauser

text: though

text: he

text: refused

text: to

text: comment

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: part

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: revealed

text: with

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: release

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: Ernst

text: Stavro

text: Blofeld

text: Dave

text: Bautista

text: was

text: cast

text: as

text: Mr.

text: Hinx

text: after

text: producers

text: sought

text: an

text: actor

text: with

text: a

text: background

text: in

text: contact

text: sports

text: After

text: casting

text: Bérénice

text: Lim

text: Marlohe

text: a

text: relative

text: newcomer

text: as

text: Sévérine

text: in

text: Skyfall

text: Mendes

text: consciously

text: sought

text: out

text: a

text: more

text: experienced

text: actor

text: for

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Madeleine

text: Swann

text: ultimately

text: casting

text: Léa

text: Seydoux

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: Monica

text: Bellucci

text: joined

text: the

text: cast

text: as

text: Lucia

text: Sciarra

text: becoming

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: fifty

text: the

text: oldest

text: actress

text: to

text: be

text: cast

text: as

text: a

text: Bond

text: girl

text: In

text: a

text: separate

text: interview

text: with

text: Danish

text: website

text: Euroman

text: Jesper

text: Christensen

text: revealed

text: he

text: would

text: be

text: reprising

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: Mr.

text: White

text: from

text: Casino

text: Royale

text: and

text: Quantum

text: of

text: Solace

text: Christensen

text: 's

text: character

text: was

text: reportedly

text: killed

text: off

text: in

text: a

text: scene

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: epilogue

text: to

text: Quantum

text: of

text: Solace

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: final

text: cut

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: enabling

text: his

text: return

text: in

text: Spectre

question: Who did Christoph Waltz portray in Spectre?

answer: Franz Oberhauser

text: Franz Oberhauser

question: What is Franz Oberhauser's other name?

answer: Ernst Stavro Blofeld

text: Ernst Stavro Blofeld

question: Who played Severine in the previous Bond film?

answer: Bérénice Lim Marlohe

text: Bérénice Lim Marlohe

question: In what movie was Mr. White originally supposed to die?

answer: Quantum of Solace

text: Quantum of Solace

question: How old was Monica Bellucci when she filmed Spectre?

answer: fifty

text: fifty

question: Which actress was cast in the role of Severine in Skyfall?

answer: Bérénice Lim Marlohe

text: Bérénice Lim Marlohe

question: In what movie was it originally planned to kill the character Mr. White?

answer: Quantum of Solace.

text: Quantum of Solace.

question: Who commented on the nature of Franz Oberhauser?

text: Christoph Waltz

question: Christoph who was cast as Mr. Hinx?

text: Waltz

question: Who wanted an inexperienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann?

text: Mendes

question: Who was the youngest actress to be a Bond girl?

text: Monica Bellucci

question: Who would not be reprising his role as Mr. White?

text: Jesper Christensen


text: Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: Phillip

text: Bard

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: theory

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: animals

text: Bard

text: found

text: that

text: sensory

text: motor

text: and

text: physiological

text: information

text: all

text: had

text: to

text: pass

text: through

text: the

text: diencephalon

text: particularly

text: the

text: thalamus

text: before

text: being

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: further

text: processing

text: Therefore

text: Cannon

text: also

text: argued

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: anatomically

text: possible

text: for

text: sensory

text: events

text: to

text: trigger

text: a

text: physiological

text: response

text: prior

text: to

text: triggering

text: conscious

text: awareness

text: and

text: emotional

text: stimuli

text: had

text: to

text: trigger

text: both

text: physiological

text: and

text: experiential

text: aspects

text: of

text: emotion

text: simultaneously

question: What is the thalamus a part of?

answer: the diencephalon

text: the diencephalon

question: Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?

answer: Cannon

text: Cannon

question: What creatures did Bard experiment on?

answer: animals

text: animals

question: Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?

answer: physiological

text: physiological

question: What is the thalamus not a part of?

text: diencephalon

question: Who argued that an unemotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?

text: Cannon

question: What creatures did Bard never experiment on?

text: animals

question: Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon after being processed?

text: physiological


text: Chapter I covers animal husbandry and plant breeding, going back to ancient Egypt. Darwin discusses contemporary opinions on the origins of different breeds under cultivation to argue that many have been produced from common ancestors by selective breeding. As an illustration of artificial selection, he describes fancy pigeon breeding, noting that "[t]he diversity of the breeds is something astonishing", yet all were descended from one species of rock pigeon. Darwin saw two distinct kinds of variation: (1) rare abrupt changes he called "sports" or "monstrosities" (example: ancon sheep with short legs), and (2) ubiquitous small differences (example: slightly shorter or longer bill of pigeons). Both types of hereditary changes can be used by breeders. However, for Darwin the small changes were most important in evolution.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Chapter

text: I

text: covers

text: animal

text: husbandry

text: and

text: plant

text: breeding

text: going

text: back

text: to

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: Darwin

text: discusses

text: contemporary

text: opinions

text: on

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: different

text: breeds

text: under

text: cultivation

text: to

text: argue

text: that

text: many

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: from

text: common

text: ancestors

text: by

text: selective

text: breeding

text: As

text: an

text: illustration

text: of

text: artificial

text: selection

text: he

text: describes

text: fancy

text: pigeon

text: breeding

text: noting

text: that

text: t]he

text: diversity

text: of

text: the

text: breeds

text: is

text: something

text: astonishing

text: yet

text: all

text: were

text: descended

text: from

text: one

text: species

text: of

text: rock

text: pigeon

text: Darwin

text: saw

text: two

text: distinct

text: kinds

text: of

text: variation

text: rare

text: abrupt

text: changes

text: he

text: called

text: sports

text: or

text: monstrosities

text: example

text: ancon

text: sheep

text: with

text: short

text: legs

text: and

text: ubiquitous

text: small

text: differences

text: example

text: slightly

text: shorter

text: or

text: longer

text: bill

text: of

text: pigeons

text: Both

text: types

text: of

text: hereditary

text: changes

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: breeders

text: However

text: for

text: Darwin

text: the

text: small

text: changes

text: were

text: most

text: important

text: in

text: evolution

question: How far back does Chapter One of On the Origin of Species go in its coverage of animal and plant species?

answer: ancient Egypt

text: ancient Egypt

question: What does Darwin use to illustrate the effects of artificial selection?

answer: fancy pigeon breeding

text: fancy pigeon breeding

question: From what does Darwin assert all pigeons are descended?

answer: one species of rock pigeon

text: one species of rock pigeon

question: Which evolutionary changes were the most important to Darwin?

answer: the small changes

text: the small changes


text: On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio-economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave-holding "yeoman" farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129-mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a "farmer's railroad", from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston-Salem).

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: On

text: November

text: North

text: Carolina

text: became

text: the

text: twelfth

text: state

text: to

text: ratify

text: the

text: Constitution

text: In

text: it

text: completed

text: the

text: state

text: capitol

text: building

text: in

text: Raleigh

text: still

text: standing

text: today

text: Most

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: slave

text: owners

text: and

text: large

text: plantations

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Although

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: plantation

text: system

text: was

text: smaller

text: and

text: less

text: cohesive

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Virginia

text: Georgia

text: or

text: South

text: Carolina

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: planters

text: were

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: counties

text: around

text: the

text: port

text: cities

text: of

text: Wilmington

text: and

text: Edenton

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: suburban

text: planters

text: around

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Raleigh

text: Charlotte

text: and

text: Durham

text: in

text: the

text: Piedmont

text: Planters

text: owning

text: large

text: estates

text: wielded

text: significant

text: political

text: and

text: socio

text: economic

text: power

text: in

text: antebellum

text: North

text: Carolina

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: slave

text: society

text: They

text: placed

text: their

text: interests

text: above

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: generally

text: non

text: slave

text: holding

text: yeoman

text: farmers

text: of

text: western

text: North

text: Carolina

text: In

text: mid

text: century

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: rural

text: and

text: commercial

text: areas

text: were

text: connected

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: km

text: wooden

text: plank

text: road

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: farmer

text: 's

text: railroad

text: from

text: Fayetteville

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: Bethania

text: northwest

text: of

text: Winston

text: Salem

question: North Carolina was the twelth state to ratify what document?

answer: the Constitution

text: the Constitution

question: What date did North Carolina ratify the constitution?

answer: November 21, 1789

text: November 21, 1789

question: What year was the state capitol building of North Carolina completed?

answer: 1840

question: Where was the capitol building completed in 1840?

answer: Raleigh

text: Raleigh

question: What part of the state were most slave and plantation owners concentrated in?

answer: eastern

text: eastern


text: Season five began on January 17, 2006. It remains the highest-rated season in the show's run so far. Two of the more prominent contestants during the Hollywood round were the Brittenum twins who were later disqualified for identity theft.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: five

text: began

text: on

text: January

text: It

text: remains

text: the

text: highest

text: rated

text: season

text: in

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: run

text: so

text: far

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: prominent

text: contestants

text: during

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: round

text: were

text: the

text: Brittenum

text: twins

text: who

text: were

text: later

text: disqualified

text: for

text: identity

text: theft

question: Which season of American Idol stands out for having the highest ratings?

answer: Season five

text: Season five

question: Which two contestants were removed from the show for accusations of identity theft?

answer: the Brittenum twins

text: the Brittenum twins

question: Which season has been the highest rated of all American Idol seasons?

answer: Season five

text: Season five

question: When did season five premiere?

answer: January 17, 2006

text: January 17, 2006

question: Which two contestants were kicked off the show for identity theft?

answer: the Brittenum twins

text: the Brittenum twins


text: The Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages at a time when religion began to be contemplated in a new way. Men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emerged two orders of mendicant friars: one, the Friars Minor, was led by Francis of Assisi; the other, the Friars Preachers, by Dominic of Guzman. Like his contemporary, Francis, Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization, and the quick growth of the Dominicans and Franciscans during their first century of existence confirms that the orders of mendicant friars met a need.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: The

text: Dominican

text: Order

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: when

text: religion

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: contemplated

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: way

text: Men

text: of

text: God

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: expected

text: to

text: stay

text: behind

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: a

text: cloister

text: Instead

text: they

text: travelled

text: among

text: the

text: people

text: taking

text: as

text: their

text: examples

text: the

text: apostles

text: of

text: the

text: primitive

text: Church

text: Out

text: of

text: this

text: ideal

text: emerged

text: two

text: orders

text: of

text: mendicant

text: friars

text: one

text: the

text: Friars

text: Minor

text: was

text: led

text: by

text: Francis

text: of

text: Assisi

text: the

text: other

text: the

text: Friars

text: Preachers

text: by

text: Dominic

text: of

text: Guzman

text: Like

text: his

text: contemporary

text: Francis

text: Dominic

text: saw

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: type

text: of

text: organization

text: and

text: the

text: quick

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: Dominicans

text: and

text: Franciscans

text: during

text: their

text: first

text: century

text: of

text: existence

text: confirms

text: that

text: the

text: orders

text: of

text: mendicant

text: friars

text: met

text: a

text: need

question: During the Middle Ages, who was no longer expected to stay behind walls away from the common man?

answer: Men of God

text: Men of God

question: How many orders of mendicant friars came out of the Middle Ages?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who led the Friars Minor order at this time?

answer: Francis of Assisi

text: Francis of Assisi

question: Dominic of Guzman led what order of mendicant friars?

answer: the Friars Preachers

text: the Friars Preachers

question: What two groups grew quickly during the Middle Ages?

answer: the Dominicans and Franciscans

text: the Dominicans and Franciscans

question: What was not occurring when the Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages?

question: What were Men of God expected to stay behind?

text: walls of a cloister

question: How many orders of mendicant friars did not come out of the Middle Ages?

text: two

question: Who led the Friars Major order at this time?

text: Francis of Assisi

question: Who led the Friars Teachers order at this time?

text: Dominic of Guzman


text: On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about "self-management" (samoupravljanje): a type of cooperative independent socialist experiment that introduced profit sharing and workplace democracy in previously state-run enterprises which then became the direct social ownership of the employees. On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia. Tito also succeeded Ivan Ribar as the President of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1953. After Stalin's death Tito rejected the USSR's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visited Tito in Belgrade in 1955 and apologized for wrongdoings by Stalin's administration. Tito visited the USSR in 1956, which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing. However, the relationship between the USSR and Yugoslavia would reach another low in the late 1960s. Commenting on the crisis, Tito concluded that:

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: supported

text: a

text: crucial

text: bill

text: written

text: by

text: Milovan

text: Đilas

text: and

text: Tito

text: about

text: self

text: management

text: samoupravljanje

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: cooperative

text: independent

text: socialist

text: experiment

text: that

text: introduced

text: profit

text: sharing

text: and

text: workplace

text: democracy

text: in

text: previously

text: state

text: run

text: enterprises

text: which

text: then

text: became

text: the

text: direct

text: social

text: ownership

text: of

text: the

text: employees

text: On

text: January

text: they

text: established

text: that

text: the

text: law

text: on

text: self

text: management

text: was

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: social

text: order

text: in

text: Yugoslavia

text: Tito

text: also

text: succeeded

text: Ivan

text: Ribar

text: as

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: on

text: January

text: After

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: death

text: Tito

text: rejected

text: the

text: USSR

text: 's

text: invitation

text: for

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: discuss

text: normalization

text: of

text: relations

text: between

text: two

text: nations

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: and

text: Nikolai

text: Bulganin

text: visited

text: Tito

text: in

text: Belgrade

text: in

text: and

text: apologized

text: for

text: wrongdoings

text: by

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: administration

text: Tito

text: visited

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: which

text: signaled

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: that

text: animosity

text: between

text: Yugoslavia

text: and

text: USSR

text: was

text: easing

text: However

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: Yugoslavia

text: would

text: reach

text: another

text: low

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Commenting

text: on

text: the

text: crisis

text: Tito

text: concluded

text: that

question: In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about "self Management"?

answer: 1950

question: Who wrote the bill with Tito about "self management"?

answer: Milovan Đilas

text: Milovan Đilas

question: Tito succeeded who as the President of Yugoslavia?

answer: Ribar

text: Ribar

question: Whose invitation did Tito reject after Stalin's death?

answer: USSR

text: USSR

question: When did Tito visit the USSR to signal that his country's animosity was decreasing?

answer: 1956


text: Bell's father was invited by Sarah Fuller, principal of the Boston School for Deaf Mutes (which continues today as the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf), in Boston, Massachusetts, to introduce the Visible Speech System by providing training for Fuller's instructors, but he declined the post in favor of his son. Traveling to Boston in April 1871, Bell proved successful in training the school's instructors. He was subsequently asked to repeat the program at the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: 's

text: father

text: was

text: invited

text: by

text: Sarah

text: Fuller

text: principal

text: of

text: the

text: Boston

text: School

text: for

text: Deaf

text: Mutes

text: which

text: continues

text: today

text: as

text: the

text: public

text: Horace

text: Mann

text: School

text: for

text: the

text: Deaf

text: in

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: to

text: introduce

text: the

text: Visible

text: Speech

text: System

text: by

text: providing

text: training

text: for

text: Fuller

text: 's

text: instructors

text: but

text: he

text: declined

text: the

text: post

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: his

text: son

text: Traveling

text: to

text: Boston

text: in

text: April

text: Bell

text: proved

text: successful

text: in

text: training

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: instructors

text: He

text: was

text: subsequently

text: asked

text: to

text: repeat

text: the

text: program

text: at

text: the

text: American

text: Asylum

text: for

text: Deaf

text: mutes

text: in

text: Hartford

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: the

text: Clarke

text: School

text: for

text: the

text: Deaf

text: in

text: Northampton

text: Massachusetts

question: Who ran the Boston School for Deaf Mutes?

answer: Sarah Fuller

text: Sarah Fuller

question: What name does the Boston School for Deaf Mutes go by now?

answer: the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf

text: the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf

question: What month did Bell go to Boston?

answer: April

text: April

question: Bell trained who in Boston?

answer: instructors

text: instructors

question: What city was the American Asylum in?

answer: Hartford

text: Hartford


text:
Spanish Supreme Court is the highest court for all cases in Spain (both private and public). Only those cases related to human rights can be appealed at the Constitutional Court (which also decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution).
In Spain, high courts cannot create binding precedents; however, lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations. In most private law cases, two Supreme Court judgements supporting a claim are needed to appeal at the Supreme Court.
Five sections form the Spanish Supreme court:

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: Spanish

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: for

text: all

text: cases

text: in

text: Spain

text: both

text: private

text: and

text: public

text: Only

text: those

text: cases

text: related

text: to

text: human

text: rights

text: can

text: be

text: appealed

text: at

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: which

text: also

text: decides

text: about

text: acts

text: accordance

text: with

text: Spanish

text: Constitution

text: In

text: Spain

text: high

text: courts

text: can

text: not

text: create

text: binding

text: precedents

text: however

text: lower

text: rank

text: courts

text: usually

text: observe

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: interpretations

text: In

text: most

text: private

text: law

text: cases

text: two

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: judgements

text: supporting

text: a

text: claim

text: are

text: needed

text: to

text: appeal

text: at

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Five

text: sections

text: form

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Supreme

text: court

question: The Spanish Supreme Court hears all cases related to law in what areas?

answer: private and public

text: private and public

question: What types of cases can be appealed to Spain's Constitutional Court?

answer: those cases related to human rights

text: those cases related to human rights

question: What is the other power of this latter court?

answer: decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution

text: decides about acts accordance with Spanish Constitution

question: High courts in Spain do not establish what for lower court rulings?

answer: binding precedents

text: binding precedents

question: In practicality, how do lower courts typically view the rulings of higher courts?

answer: lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations

text: lower rank courts usually observe Supreme Court interpretations

question: What are five Supreme Court judgement supporting a claim needed for?

text: to appeal at the Supreme Court.

question: What do lower rank courts always observe?

text: Supreme Court interpretations

question: What action does the Supreme Court only allow for cases related to human rights?

text: appealed


text: Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas Day 1967, provided a local radio service that had a range of about 100 km (62 mi) from the island, and also broadcast internationally on shortwave radio (11092.5 kHz) on one day a year. The station presented news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Herald. It closed on 25 December 2012 to make way for a new three-channel FM service, also funded by St. Helena Government and run by the South Atlantic Media Services (formerly St. Helena Broadcasting (Guarantee) Corporation).

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Radio

text: St

text: Helena

text: which

text: started

text: operations

text: on

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: provided

text: a

text: local

text: radio

text: service

text: that

text: had

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: also

text: broadcast

text: internationally

text: on

text: shortwave

text: radio

text: kHz

text: on

text: one

text: day

text: a

text: year

text: The

text: station

text: presented

text: news

text: features

text: and

text: music

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: its

text: sister

text: newspaper

text: the

text: St

text: Helena

text: Herald

text: It

text: closed

text: on

text: December

text: to

text: make

text: way

text: for

text: a

text: new

text: three

text: channel

text: FM

text: service

text: also

text: funded

text: by

text: St.

text: Helena

text: Government

text: and

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Media

text: Services

text: formerly

text: St.

text: Helena

text: Broadcasting

text: Guarantee

text: Corporation

question: What day did Radio Saint Helena start operations?

answer: Christmas Day 1967

text: Christmas Day 1967

question: What was the range of Radio Saint Helena in miles?

answer: 62

question: How many days a year was Radio Saint Helena broadcast internationally?

answer: 1

question: What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with?

answer: St Helena Herald

text: St Helena Herald

question: What day was Saint Helena Radio shut down?

answer: 25 December 2012

text: 25 December 2012


text: Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation. While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly, often staffed by undocumented immigrants.[citation needed]

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Though

text: mechanization

text: transformed

text: most

text: aspects

text: of

text: human

text: industry

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: garment

text: workers

text: have

text: continued

text: to

text: labor

text: under

text: challenging

text: conditions

text: that

text: demand

text: repetitive

text: manual

text: labor

text: Mass

text: produced

text: clothing

text: is

text: often

text: made

text: in

text: what

text: are

text: considered

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: be

text: sweatshops

text: typified

text: by

text: long

text: work

text: hours

text: lack

text: of

text: benefits

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: worker

text: representation

text: While

text: most

text: examples

text: of

text: such

text: conditions

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: clothes

text: made

text: in

text: industrialized

text: nations

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: manufactured

text: similarly

text: often

text: staffed

text: by

text: undocumented

text: immigrants.[citation

text: needed

question: What type of conditions do many garment works endure?

answer: challenging

text: challenging

question: What type of clothing is frequently the product of sweatshops?

answer: Mass-produced

text: Mass-produced

question: What is a feature of sweatshops beyond lack of benefits and representation?

answer: long work hours

text: long work hours

question: Poor conditions found in developing countries may also be found in what type of nations?

answer: industrialized

text: industrialized

question: What type of immigrant often staff sweatshops?

answer: undocumented

text: undocumented

question: What workers enjoy good conditions?

text: garment workers

question: What requires varied manual labor?

text: Mass-produced clothing

question: Here my clothing is often produced in what?

text: sweatshops,

question: Most examples of what are found in industrial countries?

text: sweatshops

question: What transformed most industry by the 1800s?

text: mechanization


text: Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: Bermuda

text: was

text: colonised

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: as

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: Virginia

text: and

text: has

text: long

text: had

text: close

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: US

text: Atlantic

text: Seaboard

text: and

text: Canadian

text: Maritimes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: UK

text: It

text: had

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: African

text: slavery

text: although

text: Britain

text: abolished

text: it

text: decades

text: before

text: the

text: US

text: Since

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: considerable

text: immigration

text: to

text: Bermuda

text: from

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: continued

text: immigration

text: from

text: Portuguese

text: Atlantic

text: islands

text: Unlike

text: immigrants

text: from

text: British

text: colonies

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: the

text: latter

text: immigrants

text: have

text: had

text: greater

text: difficulty

text: in

text: becoming

text: permanent

text: residents

text: as

text: they

text: lacked

text: British

text: citizenship

text: mostly

text: spoke

text: no

text: English

text: and

text: required

text: renewal

text: of

text: work

text: permits

text: to

text: remain

text: beyond

text: an

text: initial

text: period

text: From

text: the

text: onwards

text: Bermuda

text: relaxed

text: its

text: immigration

text: laws

text: allowing

text: increased

text: immigration

text: from

text: Britain

text: and

text: Canada

text: Some

text: Black

text: politicians

text: accused

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: using

text: this

text: device

text: to

text: counter

text: the

text: West

text: Indian

text: immigration

text: of

text: previous

text: decades

question: Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?

answer: an extension of Virginia

text: an extension of Virginia

question: What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?

answer: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands

text: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands

question: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?

answer: they lacked British citizenship

text: they lacked British citizenship

question: When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?

answer: 1950s

question: Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?

answer: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

text: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

question: Who were the English colonised by?

text: Bermuda

question: What has Virginia long had close ties with?

question: What did Virginia have a history of?

text: African slavery

question: During what century was there considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies?

text: 20th century,

question: During what year did Bermuda relax its immigration laws?


text: The first PCBs used through-hole technology, mounting electronic components by leads inserted through holes on one side of the board and soldered onto copper traces on the other side. Boards may be single-sided, with an unplated component side, or more compact double-sided boards, with components soldered on both sides. Horizontal installation of through-hole parts with two axial leads (such as resistors, capacitors, and diodes) is done by bending the leads 90 degrees in the same direction, inserting the part in the board (often bending leads located on the back of the board in opposite directions to improve the part's mechanical strength), soldering the leads, and trimming off the ends. Leads may be soldered either manually or by a wave soldering machine.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: The

text: first

text: PCBs

text: used

text: through

text: hole

text: technology

text: mounting

text: electronic

text: components

text: by

text: leads

text: inserted

text: through

text: holes

text: on

text: one

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: and

text: soldered

text: onto

text: copper

text: traces

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: Boards

text: may

text: be

text: single

text: sided

text: with

text: an

text: unplated

text: component

text: side

text: or

text: more

text: compact

text: double

text: sided

text: boards

text: with

text: components

text: soldered

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: Horizontal

text: installation

text: of

text: through

text: hole

text: parts

text: with

text: two

text: axial

text: leads

text: such

text: as

text: resistors

text: capacitors

text: and

text: diodes

text: is

text: done

text: by

text: bending

text: the

text: leads

text: degrees

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: direction

text: inserting

text: the

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: board

text: often

text: bending

text: leads

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: in

text: opposite

text: directions

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: part

text: 's

text: mechanical

text: strength

text: soldering

text: the

text: leads

text: and

text: trimming

text: off

text: the

text: ends

text: Leads

text: may

text: be

text: soldered

text: either

text: manually

text: or

text: by

text: a

text: wave

text: soldering

text: machine

question: If a lead wasn't soldered manually, what device was used?

answer: wave soldering machine

text: wave soldering machine

question: Which type of PCB construction technique was used first?

answer: through-hole

text: through-hole

question: In through-hole construction, what are the leads on the front attached to on the back?

answer: copper traces

text: copper traces

question: For boards with two sides, to what angle are leads bent to in order to install them horizontally?

answer: 90 degrees

text: 90 degrees

question: What is improved by bending leads in opposite directions on the back of double-sided PCBs?

answer: mechanical strength

text: mechanical strength

question: Vertical installation of through-hole parts with two axial leads in done how?

question: Vertical installation is done by bending the leads what degrees?

question: Leads have to be soldered in what way?

text: manually

question: A wave sewing machine can solder the what?

text: Leads


text: Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011. Many changes were introduced this season, from the format to the personnel of the show. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined Randy Jackson as judges following the departures of Simon Cowell (who left to launch the U.S. version of The X Factor), Kara DioGuardi (whose contract was not renewed) and Ellen DeGeneres, while Nigel Lythgoe returned as executive producer. Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group, the new partner of American Idol, acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors, although in later episodes special guest mentors such as Beyoncé, will.i.am and Lady Gaga were brought in.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: ten

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: premiered

text: on

text: January

text: Many

text: changes

text: were

text: introduced

text: this

text: season

text: from

text: the

text: format

text: to

text: the

text: personnel

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: Jennifer

text: Lopez

text: and

text: Steven

text: Tyler

text: joined

text: Randy

text: Jackson

text: as

text: judges

text: following

text: the

text: departures

text: of

text: Simon

text: Cowell

text: who

text: left

text: to

text: launch

text: the

text: U.S.

text: version

text: of

text: The

text: X

text: Factor

text: Kara

text: DioGuardi

text: whose

text: contract

text: was

text: not

text: renewed

text: and

text: Ellen

text: DeGeneres

text: while

text: Nigel

text: Lythgoe

text: returned

text: as

text: executive

text: producer

text: Jimmy

text: Iovine

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Interscope

text: Geffen

text: A&M

text: label

text: group

text: the

text: new

text: partner

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: acted

text: as

text: the

text: in

text: house

text: mentor

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: weekly

text: guest

text: mentors

text: although

text: in

text: later

text: episodes

text: special

text: guest

text: mentors

text: such

text: as

text: Beyoncé

text: will.i.am

text: and

text: Lady

text: Gaga

text: were

text: brought

text: in

question: What year did season ten of American Idol first air?

answer: 2011

question: In which season of American Idol did Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez become judges?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: Who replace weekly mentors as a more permanent mentor on American Idols tenth season?

answer: Jimmy Iovine

text: Jimmy Iovine

question: What show did Simon Cowell join after leaving American Idol?

answer: The X Factor

text: The X Factor

question: Who was the executive producer of American Idols tenth season?

answer: Nigel Lythgoe

text: Nigel Lythgoe

question: When did season ten premiere?

answer: January 19, 2011

text: January 19, 2011

question: Who returned as executive producer this season?

answer: Nigel Lythgoe

text: Nigel Lythgoe

question: Which two new judges joined Randy Jackson on the judges' panel?

answer: Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler

text: Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler

question: Who was the in-house mentor this season?

answer: Jimmy Iovine

text: Jimmy Iovine


text: Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo's name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi), "to destroy". Plato in Cratylus connects the name with ἀπόλυσις (apolysis), "redemption", with ἀπόλουσις (apolousis), "purification", and with ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun), "simple", in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, Ἄπλουν, and finally with Ἀειβάλλων (aeiballon), "ever-shooting". Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric ἀπέλλα (apella), which means "assembly", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός (sekos), "fold", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. In the Ancient Macedonian language πέλλα (pella) means "stone," and some toponyms may be derived from this word: Πέλλα (Pella, the capital of Ancient Macedonia) and Πελλήνη (Pellēnē/Pallene).

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: Several

text: instances

text: of

text: popular

text: etymology

text: are

text: attested

text: from

text: ancient

text: authors

text: Thus

text: the

text: Greeks

text: most

text: often

text: associated

text: Apollo

text: 's

text: name

text: with

text: the

text: Greek

text: verb

text: ἀπόλλυμι

text: apollymi

text: to

text: destroy

text: Plato

text: in

text: Cratylus

text: connects

text: the

text: name

text: with

text: ἀπόλυσις

text: apolysis

text: redemption

text: with

text: ἀπόλουσις

text: apolousis

text: purification

text: and

text: with

text: ἁπλοῦν

text: h]aploun

text: simple

text: in

text: particular

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: Thessalian

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Ἄπλουν

text: and

text: finally

text: with

text: Ἀειβάλλων

text: aeiballon

text: ever

text: shooting

text: Hesychius

text: connects

text: the

text: name

text: Apollo

text: with

text: the

text: Doric

text: ἀπέλλα

text: apella

text: which

text: means

text: assembly

text: so

text: that

text: Apollo

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: political

text: life

text: and

text: he

text: also

text: gives

text: the

text: explanation

text: σηκός

text: sekos

text: fold

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: Apollo

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: flocks

text: and

text: herds

text: In

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Macedonian

text: language

text: πέλλα

text: pella

text: means

text: stone

text: and

text: some

text: toponyms

text: may

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: this

text: word

text: Πέλλα

text: Pella

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Πελλήνη

text: Pellēnē

text: Pallene

question: What Doric word means assembly?

answer: apella

text: apella

question: What is the Ancient Macedonian word for stone?

answer: pella

text: pella

question: What is the Greek word for "to destroy?"

answer: apollymi

text: apollymi


text: Before the French and Indian War, the Appalachian Mountains laid on the indeterminate boundary between Britain's colonies along the Atlantic and French areas centered in the Mississippi basin. After the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763 restricted settlement for Great Britain's thirteen original colonies in North America to east of the summit line of the mountains (except in the northern regions where the Great Lakes formed the boundary). Although the line was adjusted several times to take frontier settlements into account and was impossible to enforce as law, it was strongly resented by backcountry settlers throughout the Appalachians. The Proclamation Line can be seen as one of the grievances which led to the American Revolutionary War. Many frontier settlers held that the defeat of the French opened the land west of the mountains to English settlement, only to find settlement barred by the British King's proclamation. The backcountry settlers who fought in the Illinois campaign of George Rogers Clark were motivated to secure their settlement of Kentucky.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Before

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: Indian

text: War

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: laid

text: on

text: the

text: indeterminate

text: boundary

text: between

text: Britain

text: 's

text: colonies

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: French

text: areas

text: centered

text: in

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: basin

text: After

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: Indian

text: War

text: the

text: Proclamation

text: of

text: restricted

text: settlement

text: for

text: Great

text: Britain

text: 's

text: thirteen

text: original

text: colonies

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: to

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: summit

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: except

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: regions

text: where

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: formed

text: the

text: boundary

text: Although

text: the

text: line

text: was

text: adjusted

text: several

text: times

text: to

text: take

text: frontier

text: settlements

text: into

text: account

text: and

text: was

text: impossible

text: to

text: enforce

text: as

text: law

text: it

text: was

text: strongly

text: resented

text: by

text: backcountry

text: settlers

text: throughout

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: The

text: Proclamation

text: Line

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: grievances

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: Many

text: frontier

text: settlers

text: held

text: that

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: opened

text: the

text: land

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: to

text: English

text: settlement

text: only

text: to

text: find

text: settlement

text: barred

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: King

text: 's

text: proclamation

text: The

text: backcountry

text: settlers

text: who

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: Illinois

text: campaign

text: of

text: George

text: Rogers

text: Clark

text: were

text: motivated

text: to

text: secure

text: their

text: settlement

text: of

text: Kentucky

question: Where did the mountains lay before the French and Indian War?

answer: on the indeterminate boundary between Britain's colonies along the Atlantic and French areas centered in the Mississippi basin

text: on the indeterminate boundary between Britain's colonies along the Atlantic and French areas centered in the Mississippi basin

question: What happened after the French and Indian War?

answer: the Proclamation of 1763 restricted settlement for Great Britain's thirteen original colonies in North America to east of the summit line of the mountains

text: the Proclamation of 1763 restricted settlement for Great Britain's thirteen original colonies in North America to east of the summit line of the mountains

question: What was the general opinion of the law?

answer: it was strongly resented by backcountry settlers throughout the Appalachians

text: it was strongly resented by backcountry settlers throughout the Appalachians

question: What did the law likely lead to?

answer: the American Revolutionary War

text: the American Revolutionary War

question: What did the backcountry settlers want to secure?

answer: their settlement of Kentucky

text: their settlement of Kentucky

question: When did the French and Indian war begin?

question: Who were the staunchest supporters of the Proclamation?

text: backcountry settlers

question: What law did the Revolutionary War lead to?

text: the Proclamation of 1763

question: Where was George Rogers Clark from?

text: Kentucky

question: Who was the British King?

text: George Rogers Clark


text: Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Guam

text: i/ˈɡwɑːm/

text: or

text: /ˈɡwɒm/

text: Chamorro

text: Guåhån;[needs

text: IPA

text: formally

text: the

text: Territory

text: of

text: Guam

text: is

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: and

text: organized

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: northwestern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Guam

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: American

text: territories

text: with

text: an

text: established

text: civilian

text: government

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Hagåtña

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Dededo

text: In

text: people

text: resided

text: on

text: Guam

text: Guamanians

text: are

text: American

text: citizens

text: by

text: birth

text: Guam

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: a

text: density

text: of

text: mi

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: southernmost

text: of

text: the

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: Micronesia

text: Among

text: its

text: municipalities

text: Mongmong

text: Toto

text: Maite

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: density

text: at

text: mi

text: whereas

text: Inarajan

text: and

text: Umatac

text: have

text: the

text: lowest

text: density

text: at

text: mi

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: is

text: Mount

text: Lamlam

text: at

text: meters

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

question: What country is Guam a territory of?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: Where is the island of Guan located?

answer: northwestern Pacific Ocean

text: northwestern Pacific Ocean

question: How many people currently call Guam home as of 2015?

answer: 161,785

question: What is the most populous city in Guam?

answer: Dededo

text: Dededo

question: What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam?

answer: Mount Lamlam

text: Mount Lamlam

question: How many people live in Hagatna?

question: What is the smallest of the Mariana Islands?

text: Guam

question: What is the northernmost Mariana Island?

text: Micronesia

question: What citizenry are people in Micronesia?

text: American

question: What is the high point of Micronesia?

text: Mount Lamlam


text: Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released "Beautiful Life" as his coronation single while Beckham released "Champion". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called "Forcefield".

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Nick

text: Fradiani

text: won

text: the

text: season

text: defeating

text: Clark

text: Beckham

text: By

text: winning

text: Fradiani

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: winner

text: from

text: the

text: Northeast

text: region

text: Fradiani

text: released

text: Beautiful

text: Life

text: as

text: his

text: coronation

text: single

text: while

text: Beckham

text: released

text: Champion

text: Jax

text: the

text: third

text: place

text: finalist

text: also

text: released

text: a

text: single

text: called

text: Forcefield

question: Who won American Idols fourteenth season?

answer: Nick Fradiani

text: Nick Fradiani

question: Who came in second on American Idol in season 14?

answer: Clark Beckham

text: Clark Beckham

question: Who came in third on American Idol in season 14?

answer: Jax

text: Jax

question: What was the name of Nick Fradianis victory song?

answer: Beautiful Life

text: Beautiful Life

question: What song did Jax release after coming in third on American Idol?

answer: Forcefield

text: Forcefield

question: Who won this season of Idol?

answer: Nick Fradiani

text: Nick Fradiani

question: Who was the runner up of Idol?

answer: Clark Beckham

text: Clark Beckham

question: What was Nick's coronation song?

answer: Beautiful Life

text: Beautiful Life

question: What was Beckham's first release?

answer: Champion

text: Champion

question: Which contestant came in third place?

answer: Jax

text: Jax


text: The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy. All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: The

text: New

text: Delhi

text: town

text: plan

text: like

text: its

text: architecture

text: was

text: chosen

text: with

text: one

text: single

text: chief

text: consideration

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: symbol

text: of

text: British

text: power

text: and

text: supremacy

text: All

text: other

text: decisions

text: were

text: subordinate

text: to

text: this

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: this

text: framework

text: that

text: dictated

text: the

text: choice

text: and

text: application

text: of

text: symbology

text: and

text: influences

text: from

text: both

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Islamic

text: architecture

question: The New Delhi town plan was chosen primarily to symbolize what?

answer: British power and supremacy

text: British power and supremacy

question: The New Delhi town plan was influenced by what type of architecture?

answer: Hindu and Islamic

text: Hindu and Islamic

question: What town plan was chosen with the chief consideration of displaying British power and superiority?

answer: The New Delhi town plan

text: The New Delhi town plan

question: What is one type of architecture that heavily influenced the New Delhi town plan?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu


text: According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: According

text: to

text: Eurostat

text: the

text: EU

text: statistical

text: agency

text: in

text: the

text: Commune

text: of

text: Paris

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: with

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: the

text: statistical

text: area

text: ahead

text: of

text: Inner

text: London

text: West

text: which

text: had

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: census

text: three

text: departments

text: bordering

text: Paris

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: Seine

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: and

text: Val

text: de

text: Marne

text: had

text: population

text: densities

text: of

text: over

text: ten

text: thousand

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: ranking

text: among

text: the

text: ten

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: EU

question: What was the most populated city in the EU in 2012?

answer: Commune of Paris

text: Commune of Paris

question: How many people lived per square kilometer in the city limits?

answer: 21,616

question: What three departments surrounding Paris had densities greater than 10k/k?

answer: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne

text: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne


text: Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: Soon

text: after

text: the

text: passing

text: of

text: the

text: Act

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: published

text: on

text: the

text: occasion

text: of

text: the

text: Institute

text: 's

text: centenary

text: celebration

text: in

text: Harry

text: Barnes

text: FRIBA

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Registration

text: Committee

text: mentioned

text: that

text: ARCUK

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: a

text: rival

text: of

text: any

text: architectural

text: association

text: least

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: RIBA

text: given

text: the

text: way

text: ARCUK

text: was

text: constituted

text: Barnes

text: commented

text: that

text: the

text: Act

text: 's

text: purpose

text: was

text: not

text: protecting

text: the

text: architectural

text: profession

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: legitimate

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: profession

text: were

text: best

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: then

text: architectural

text: associations

text: in

text: which

text: some

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: those

text: practising

text: architecture

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: found

question: When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary?

answer: 1934

question: Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934?

answer: Harry Barnes

text: Harry Barnes

question: In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?

answer: 80 per cent

text: 80 per cent

question: Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?

answer: architectural associations

text: architectural associations

question: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute?

answer: ARCUK

text: ARCUK

question: When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 200th anniversary?

question: Who was the head of the Registration Committee after 1934?

text: Harry Barnes

question: What did Barnes believe was least able to advance the interests of architects?

text: architectural associations

question: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could become a rival of the Royal Institute?

text: ARCUK

question: What year did the Institute celebrate the third centenary celebration?


text: A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows:

title: Christian

title: Christian

text: A

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: is

text: found

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: among

text: those

text: who

text: call

text: themselves

text: Christian

text: Denominations

text: and

text: sects

text: disagree

text: on

text: a

text: common

text: definition

text: of

text: Christianity

text: For

text: example

text: Timothy

text: Beal

text: notes

text: the

text: disparity

text: of

text: beliefs

text: among

text: those

text: who

text: identify

text: as

text: Christians

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: follows

question: While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects?

answer: beliefs and practices

text: beliefs and practices

question: What do denominations and sects all agree upon?

text: common definition of "Christianity".

question: What is found among those who call themselves Timothy Beal?

text: wide range of beliefs and practices

question: Who does Christian note disparities among?

question: Who notes the disparity of beliefs among those identifying as Timothy Beal?

text: Timothy Beal


text: For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world, who arrive in the city to educate themselves and to seek inspiration from its vast pool of artistic resources and galleries. As a result, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art". Italian artists were a profound influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in sculpture and reliefs. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and the French royals commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the French Baroque and Classicism era. Sculptors such as Girardon, Coysevox and Coustou acquired reputations as the finest artists in the royal court in 17th-century France. Pierre Mignard became the first painter to King Louis XIV during this period. In 1648, the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) was established to accommodate for the dramatic interest in art in the capital. This served as France's top art school until 1793.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: For

text: centuries

text: Paris

text: has

text: attracted

text: artists

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: who

text: arrive

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: to

text: educate

text: themselves

text: and

text: to

text: seek

text: inspiration

text: from

text: its

text: vast

text: pool

text: of

text: artistic

text: resources

text: and

text: galleries

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: Paris

text: has

text: acquired

text: a

text: reputation

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Art

text: Italian

text: artists

text: were

text: a

text: profound

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: art

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: particularly

text: in

text: sculpture

text: and

text: reliefs

text: Painting

text: and

text: sculpture

text: became

text: the

text: pride

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: monarchy

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: royals

text: commissioned

text: many

text: Parisian

text: artists

text: to

text: adorn

text: their

text: palaces

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Baroque

text: and

text: Classicism

text: era

text: Sculptors

text: such

text: as

text: Girardon

text: Coysevox

text: and

text: Coustou

text: acquired

text: reputations

text: as

text: the

text: finest

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: royal

text: court

text: in

text: century

text: France

text: Pierre

text: Mignard

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: painter

text: to

text: King

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: In

text: the

text: Académie

text: royale

text: de

text: peinture

text: et

text: de

text: sculpture

text: Royal

text: Academy

text: of

text: Painting

text: and

text: Sculpture

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: accommodate

text: for

text: the

text: dramatic

text: interest

text: in

text: art

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: This

text: served

text: as

text: France

text: 's

text: top

text: art

text: school

text: until

question: What art was Paris famous for in the 16th and 17th centuries?

answer: sculpture and reliefs

text: sculpture and reliefs

question: Who was the first painter to King Louis XIV?

answer: Pierre Mignard

text: Pierre Mignard

question: In what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture founded?

answer: 1648

question: Until what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture the top art school?

answer: 1793


text: The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: The

text: School

text: of

text: Architecture

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: although

text: degrees

text: in

text: architecture

text: were

text: first

text: awarded

text: by

text: the

text: university

text: in

text: Today

text: the

text: school

text: housed

text: in

text: Bond

text: Hall

text: offers

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: undergraduate

text: program

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Bachelor

text: of

text: Architecture

text: degree

text: All

text: undergraduate

text: students

text: study

text: the

text: third

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: in

text: Rome

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: globally

text: recognized

text: for

text: its

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: School

text: of

text: Architecture

text: a

text: faculty

text: that

text: teaches

text: pre

text: modernist

text: traditional

text: and

text: classical

text: architecture

text: and

text: urban

text: planning

text: e.g.

text: following

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: New

text: Urbanism

text: and

text: New

text: Classical

text: Architecture

text: It

text: also

text: awards

text: the

text: renowned

text: annual

text: Driehaus

text: Architecture

text: Prize

question: In 1899 Notre Dame formed which college?

answer: School of Architecture

text: School of Architecture

question: In what building is the current School of Architecture housed at Notre Dame?

answer: Bond Hall

text: Bond Hall

question: What length is the course of study at the Notre Dame School of Architecture?

answer: five-year

text: five-year

question: In which location do students of the School of Architecture of Notre Dame spend their 3rd year?

answer: Rome

text: Rome

question: Which prestigious prize does the School of Architecture at Notre Dame give out?

answer: Driehaus Architecture Prize

text: Driehaus Architecture Prize


text: The Russian R-7 rocket family, which launched the first Sputnik at the beginning of the space race, is still in use today. It services the International Space Station (ISS) as the launcher for both the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: Russian

text: rocket

text: family

text: which

text: launched

text: the

text: first

text: Sputnik

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: space

text: race

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: It

text: services

text: the

text: International

text: Space

text: Station

text: ISS

text: as

text: the

text: launcher

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: Soyuz

text: and

text: Progress

text: spacecraft

text: It

text: also

text: ferries

text: both

text: Russian

text: and

text: American

text: crews

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: station

question: Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?

answer: R-7 rocket

text: R-7 rocket


text: Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software development lifecycle. Rather than replace traditional QA focuses, it augments it. Unit testing aims to eliminate construction errors before code is promoted to QA; this strategy is intended to increase the quality of the resulting software as well as the efficiency of the overall development and QA process.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Unit

text: testing

text: is

text: a

text: software

text: development

text: process

text: that

text: involves

text: synchronized

text: application

text: of

text: a

text: broad

text: spectrum

text: of

text: defect

text: prevention

text: and

text: detection

text: strategies

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: reduce

text: software

text: development

text: risks

text: time

text: and

text: costs

text: It

text: is

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: software

text: developer

text: or

text: engineer

text: during

text: the

text: construction

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: software

text: development

text: lifecycle

text: Rather

text: than

text: replace

text: traditional

text: QA

text: focuses

text: it

text: augments

text: it

text: Unit

text: testing

text: aims

text: to

text: eliminate

text: construction

text: errors

text: before

text: code

text: is

text: promoted

text: to

text: QA

text: this

text: strategy

text: is

text: intended

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: quality

text: of

text: the

text: resulting

text: software

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: efficiency

text: of

text: the

text: overall

text: development

text: and

text: QA

text: process

question: What is the main reasoning behind Unit testing that involves synchronization of the application on a broad spectrum?

answer: reduce software development risks, time, and costs

text: reduce software development risks, time, and costs

question: Who performs the Unit testing phase?

answer: software developer or engineer

text: software developer or engineer

question: What does Unit testing look to eliminate?

answer: construction errors

text: construction errors

question: By elimination construction errors, what is the expected end result?

answer: increase the quality of the resulting software

text: increase the quality of the resulting software

question: Unit testing is a firmware development that involves what?

question: Unit testing is preformed by the architect or what kind of developer?

text: software

question: Instead of reducing traditional QA focuses, unit testing does what to it?

text: augments

question: Unit testing tries to eliminate collaboration errors before what?

text: code is promoted to QA


text: The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm, the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor and Conrad IV of Germany, King of the Romans. Eventually Sicily would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: BC

text: by

text: the

text: Phoenicians

text: as

text: Ziz

text: flower

text: Palermo

text: then

text: became

text: a

text: possession

text: of

text: Carthage

text: before

text: becoming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: eventually

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: for

text: over

text: a

text: thousand

text: years

text: The

text: Greeks

text: named

text: the

text: city

text: Panormus

text: meaning

text: complete

text: port

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: under

text: Arab

text: rule

text: during

text: the

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Sicily

text: when

text: the

text: city

text: first

text: became

text: a

text: capital

text: The

text: Arabs

text: shifted

text: the

text: Greek

text: name

text: into

text: Balarm

text: the

text: root

text: for

text: Palermo

text: 's

text: present

text: day

text: name

text: Following

text: the

text: Norman

text: reconquest

text: Palermo

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: kingdom

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sicily

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: under

text: Frederick

text: II

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: and

text: Conrad

text: IV

text: of

text: Germany

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Romans

text: Eventually

text: Sicily

text: would

text: be

text: united

text: with

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Naples

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Two

text: Sicilies

text: until

text: the

text: Italian

text: unification

text: of

question: In what year was Palermo founded?

answer: 734 BC

text: 734 BC

question: What name was Palermo originally founded as?

answer: Ziz

text: Ziz

question: What group of people founded Palermo?

answer: the Phoenicians

text: the Phoenicians

question: What did the Greeks name Palermo?

answer: Panormus

text: Panormus

question: During which years was Palermo ruled by the Arabs?

answer: 831 to 1072

text: 831 to 1072

question: Who founded Palermo in 734 AD?

text: Phoenicians

question: Who changed the name of Palermo to Ziz?

text: Phoenicians

question: Who changed the name of the city from Balarm to Panormus?

text: Greeks

question: Who gained control of the city in 1072?

text: Arabs

question: In what year was Palermo united?


text: During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims. Kings became the heads of centralised nation states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period, and into the Late Middle Ages.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: During

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: which

text: began

text: after

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Europe

text: increased

text: greatly

text: as

text: technological

text: and

text: agricultural

text: innovations

text: allowed

text: trade

text: to

text: flourish

text: and

text: the

text: Medieval

text: Warm

text: Period

text: climate

text: change

text: allowed

text: crop

text: yields

text: to

text: increase

text: Manorialism

text: the

text: organisation

text: of

text: peasants

text: into

text: villages

text: that

text: owed

text: rent

text: and

text: labour

text: services

text: to

text: the

text: nobles

text: and

text: feudalism

text: the

text: political

text: structure

text: whereby

text: knights

text: and

text: lower

text: status

text: nobles

text: owed

text: military

text: service

text: to

text: their

text: overlords

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: rent

text: from

text: lands

text: and

text: manors

text: were

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: ways

text: society

text: was

text: organised

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The

text: Crusades

text: first

text: preached

text: in

text: were

text: military

text: attempts

text: by

text: Western

text: European

text: Christians

text: to

text: regain

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Land

text: from

text: the

text: Muslims

text: Kings

text: became

text: the

text: heads

text: of

text: centralised

text: nation

text: states

text: reducing

text: crime

text: and

text: violence

text: but

text: making

text: the

text: ideal

text: of

text: a

text: unified

text: Christendom

text: more

text: distant

text: Intellectual

text: life

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: scholasticism

text: a

text: philosophy

text: that

text: emphasised

text: joining

text: faith

text: to

text: reason

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: universities

text: The

text: theology

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Aquinas

text: the

text: paintings

text: of

text: Giotto

text: the

text: poetry

text: of

text: Dante

text: and

text: Chaucer

text: the

text: travels

text: of

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: and

text: the

text: architecture

text: of

text: Gothic

text: cathedrals

text: such

text: as

text: Chartres

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: outstanding

text: achievements

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

question: What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages?

answer: 1000

question: What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages?

answer: the Medieval Warm Period

text: the Medieval Warm Period

question: What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles?

answer: Manorialism

text: Manorialism

question: What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service?

answer: feudalism

text: feudalism

question: In what year did the Crusades begin?

answer: 1095


text: The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: The

text: prefix

text: neo

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: a

text: century

text: or

text: contemporary

text: composition

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: an

text: earlier

text: era

text: such

text: as

text: Classical

text: or

text: Romantic

text: Stravinsky

text: 's

text: Pulcinella

text: for

text: example

text: is

text: a

text: neoclassical

text: composition

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: stylistically

text: similar

text: to

text: works

text: of

text: the

text: Classical

text: era

question: A Contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era is described with what prefix?

answer: neo

text: neo

question: What century were Neoclassical compositions written in?

answer: 20th-century

question: Who wrote Pulcinella?

answer: Stravinsky's

text: Stravinsky's

question: What era is Pulcinella similar to?

answer: Classical

text: Classical


text: Although an alloy is technically an impure metal, when referring to alloys, the term "impurities" usually denotes those elements which are not desired. These impurities are often found in the base metals or the solutes, but they may also be introduced during the alloying process. For instance, sulfur is a common impurity in steel. Sulfur combines readily with iron to form iron sulfide, which is very brittle, creating weak spots in the steel. Lithium, sodium and calcium are common impurities in aluminium alloys, which can have adverse effects on the structural integrity of castings. Conversely, otherwise pure-metals that simply contain unwanted impurities are often called "impure metals" and are not usually referred to as alloys. Oxygen, present in the air, readily combines with most metals to form metal oxides; especially at higher temperatures encountered during alloying. Great care is often taken during the alloying process to remove excess impurities, using fluxes, chemical additives, or other methods of extractive metallurgy.

title: Alloy

title: Alloy

text: Although

text: an

text: alloy

text: is

text: technically

text: an

text: impure

text: metal

text: when

text: referring

text: to

text: alloys

text: the

text: term

text: impurities

text: usually

text: denotes

text: those

text: elements

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: desired

text: These

text: impurities

text: are

text: often

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: base

text: metals

text: or

text: the

text: solutes

text: but

text: they

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: introduced

text: during

text: the

text: alloying

text: process

text: For

text: instance

text: sulfur

text: is

text: a

text: common

text: impurity

text: in

text: steel

text: Sulfur

text: combines

text: readily

text: with

text: iron

text: to

text: form

text: iron

text: sulfide

text: which

text: is

text: very

text: brittle

text: creating

text: weak

text: spots

text: in

text: the

text: steel

text: Lithium

text: sodium

text: and

text: calcium

text: are

text: common

text: impurities

text: in

text: aluminium

text: alloys

text: which

text: can

text: have

text: adverse

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: structural

text: integrity

text: of

text: castings

text: Conversely

text: otherwise

text: pure

text: metals

text: that

text: simply

text: contain

text: unwanted

text: impurities

text: are

text: often

text: called

text: impure

text: metals

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: alloys

text: Oxygen

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: readily

text: combines

text: with

text: most

text: metals

text: to

text: form

text: metal

text: oxides

text: especially

text: at

text: higher

text: temperatures

text: encountered

text: during

text: alloying

text: Great

text: care

text: is

text: often

text: taken

text: during

text: the

text: alloying

text: process

text: to

text: remove

text: excess

text: impurities

text: using

text: fluxes

text: chemical

text: additives

text: or

text: other

text: methods

text: of

text: extractive

text: metallurgy

question: What is a characteristic of iron sulfide?

answer: very brittle

text: very brittle

question: What makes pure metals impure metals?

answer: unwanted impurities

text: unwanted impurities

question: What are the three common impurities in aluminum alloys?

answer: Lithium, sodium and calcium

text: Lithium, sodium and calcium

question: Using fluxes and chemical additives during the alloying process does what?

answer: remove excess impurities

text: remove excess impurities

question: What is the term for desired elements in an alloy?

text: impurities

question: What is a rare impurity in steel?

text: sulfur

question: Lithium, sodium and what other elements are common in steel?

text: calcium

question: Chemical what are used during alloying to add impurities?

text: additives

question: What element from the air does not easily combined with most metals?

text: Oxygen


text: The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab caliphates of Umayyad and Abbasid. The prolonged and gradual process of the Islamization of Iran began following the conquest. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later the Umayyad caliphates, both converted (mawali) and non-converted (dhimmi) Iranians were discriminated against, being excluded from the government and military, and having to pay a special tax called Jizya. Gunde Shapur, home of the Academy of Gunde Shapur which was the most important medical center of the world at the time, survived after the invasion, but became known as an Islamic institute thereafter.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: prolonged

text: Byzantine

text: Sassanid

text: Wars

text: most

text: importantly

text: the

text: climactic

text: Byzantine

text: Sassanid

text: War

text: of

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: social

text: conflict

text: within

text: the

text: Sassanid

text: Empire

text: opened

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: an

text: Arab

text: invasion

text: to

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Initially

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Arab

text: Rashidun

text: Caliphate

text: Iran

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: caliphates

text: of

text: Umayyad

text: and

text: Abbasid

text: The

text: prolonged

text: and

text: gradual

text: process

text: of

text: the

text: Islamization

text: of

text: Iran

text: began

text: following

text: the

text: conquest

text: Under

text: the

text: new

text: Arab

text: elite

text: of

text: the

text: Rashidun

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: caliphates

text: both

text: converted

text: mawali

text: and

text: non

text: converted

text: dhimmi

text: Iranians

text: were

text: discriminated

text: against

text: being

text: excluded

text: from

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: military

text: and

text: having

text: to

text: pay

text: a

text: special

text: tax

text: called

text: Jizya

text: Gunde

text: Shapur

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Gunde

text: Shapur

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: medical

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: survived

text: after

text: the

text: invasion

text: but

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: Islamic

text: institute

text: thereafter

question: What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs?

answer: Byzantine-Sassanid Wars

text: Byzantine-Sassanid Wars

question: When did the Arabs invade Iran?

answer: the 7th century

text: the 7th century

question: Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first?

answer: Arab Rashidun Caliphate

text: Arab Rashidun Caliphate

question: What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay?

answer: Jizya

text: Jizya

question: What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions?

answer: Academy of Gunde Shapur

text: Academy of Gunde Shapur