text: In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children per family among non-Orthodox Jews, and intermarriage among Orthodox Jews is practically non-existent, standing at about 2%, in contrast to a 71% intermarriage rate among non-Orthodox Jews. In addition, Orthodox Judaism has a growing retention rate; while about half of those raised in Orthodox homes previously abandoned Orthodox Judaism, that number is declining. According to The New York Times, the high growth rate of Orthodox Jews will eventually render them the dominant demographic force in New York Jewry.

title: Orthodox_Judaism

title: Orthodox_Judaism

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: American

text: Jewish

text: community

text: which

text: is

text: dwindling

text: due

text: to

text: low

text: fertility

text: and

text: high

text: intermarriage

text: and

text: assimilation

text: rates

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Jewish

text: community

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: growing

text: rapidly

text: Among

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: the

text: fertility

text: rate

text: stands

text: at

text: about

text: children

text: per

text: family

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: children

text: per

text: family

text: among

text: non

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: and

text: intermarriage

text: among

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: is

text: practically

text: non

text: existent

text: standing

text: at

text: about

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: a

text: intermarriage

text: rate

text: among

text: non

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: In

text: addition

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: has

text: a

text: growing

text: retention

text: rate

text: while

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: those

text: raised

text: in

text: Orthodox

text: homes

text: previously

text: abandoned

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: that

text: number

text: is

text: declining

text: According

text: to

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: the

text: high

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Jews

text: will

text: eventually

text: render

text: them

text: the

text: dominant

text: demographic

text: force

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Jewry

question: What is the fertility rate among non-orthodox Jewish families??

answer: 1.9 children

text: 1.9 children

question: What is the fertility rate among orthodox Jewish families?

answer: 4.1 children

text: 4.1 children

question: What is the rate of intermarriage among orthodox Jews?

answer: 2%

question: What is the intermarriage rate among non-orthodox jews?

answer: 71%

question: how many raised on orthodox Jewish homes abandon orthodox Judaism typically?

answer: half

text: half

question: What is happening to Orthodox Jewish communities because of intermarriage?

text: dwindling

question: What is the fertility rate of American Jewish communities?

text: 4.1 children per family

question: Who are non-Orthodox Jews allowed to marry in order to increase fertility rates?

text: Orthodox Jews

question: What is decreasing among Orthodox jews, according to the NY Times?

text: retention rate

question: What does the NY Times claim that the rate of growth for non-Orthodox Jews will eventually mean?


text: The High Middle Ages was a period of great religious movements. Besides the Crusades and monastic reforms, people sought to participate in new forms of religious life. New monastic orders were founded, including the Carthusians and the Cistercians. The latter especially expanded rapidly in their early years under the guidance of Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153). These new orders were formed in response to the feeling of the laity that Benedictine monasticism no longer met the needs of the laymen, who along with those wishing to enter the religious life wanted a return to the simpler hermetical monasticism of early Christianity, or to live an Apostolic life. Religious pilgrimages were also encouraged. Old pilgrimage sites such as Rome, Jerusalem, and Compostela received increasing numbers of visitors, and new sites such as Monte Gargano and Bari rose to prominence.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: was

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: great

text: religious

text: movements

text: Besides

text: the

text: Crusades

text: and

text: monastic

text: reforms

text: people

text: sought

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: new

text: forms

text: of

text: religious

text: life

text: New

text: monastic

text: orders

text: were

text: founded

text: including

text: the

text: Carthusians

text: and

text: the

text: Cistercians

text: The

text: latter

text: especially

text: expanded

text: rapidly

text: in

text: their

text: early

text: years

text: under

text: the

text: guidance

text: of

text: Bernard

text: of

text: Clairvaux

text: d.

text: These

text: new

text: orders

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: feeling

text: of

text: the

text: laity

text: that

text: Benedictine

text: monasticism

text: no

text: longer

text: met

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: laymen

text: who

text: along

text: with

text: those

text: wishing

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: religious

text: life

text: wanted

text: a

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: simpler

text: hermetical

text: monasticism

text: of

text: early

text: Christianity

text: or

text: to

text: live

text: an

text: Apostolic

text: life

text: Religious

text: pilgrimages

text: were

text: also

text: encouraged

text: Old

text: pilgrimage

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: Rome

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: Compostela

text: received

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: of

text: visitors

text: and

text: new

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: Monte

text: Gargano

text: and

text: Bari

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

question: What monastic order did Bernard of Clairvaux belong to?

answer: Cistercians

text: Cistercians

question: When did Bernard of Clairvaux die?

answer: 1153

question: Along with Bari, what was a notable new pilgrimage site in this era?

answer: Monte Gargano

text: Monte Gargano

question: Along with Rome and Jerusalem, what traditional pilgrimage site saw a greater number of visitors in the High Middle Ages?

answer: Compostela

text: Compostela

question: Along with the Cistercians, what new monastic order was founded in the High Middle Ages?

answer: Carthusians

text: Carthusians


text: Renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper, through technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition. A 2011 IEA report said: "A portfolio of renewable energy technologies is becoming cost-competitive in an increasingly broad range of circumstances, in some cases providing investment opportunities without the need for specific economic support," and added that "cost reductions in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue." As of 2011[update], there have been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies:

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: are

text: getting

text: cheaper

text: through

text: technological

text: change

text: and

text: through

text: the

text: benefits

text: of

text: mass

text: production

text: and

text: market

text: competition

text: A

text: IEA

text: report

text: said

text: A

text: portfolio

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: technologies

text: is

text: becoming

text: cost

text: competitive

text: in

text: an

text: increasingly

text: broad

text: range

text: of

text: circumstances

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: providing

text: investment

text: opportunities

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: specific

text: economic

text: support

text: and

text: added

text: that

text: cost

text: reductions

text: in

text: critical

text: technologies

text: such

text: as

text: wind

text: and

text: solar

text: are

text: set

text: to

text: continue

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: substantial

text: reductions

text: in

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: solar

text: and

text: wind

text: technologies

question: What is getting cheaper as a result of technilogical change?

answer: Renewable energy technologies

text: Renewable energy technologies

question: As of what year have there been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies?

answer: 2011

question: What group stated that "cost reductions in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue?"

answer: IEA

text: IEA

question: What is getting more expensive as a result of technological change?

text: Renewable energy technologies

question: What is getting cheaper as a result of technological expenses?

text: Renewable energy technologies

question: As of what year when have there not been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies?

question: What group stated that "cost hikes in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue?"

text: IEA


text: After a three-year hiatus, a fifth Digimon series began airing on April 2, 2006. Like Frontier, Savers has no connection with the previous installments, and also marks a new start for the Digimon franchise, with a drastic change in character designs and story-line, in order to reach a broader audience. The story focuses on the challenges faced by the members of D.A.T.S. ("Digital Accident Tactics Squad"), an organization created to conceal the existence of the Digital World and Digimon from the rest of mankind, and secretly solve any Digimon-related incidents occurring on Earth. Later the D.A.T.S. is dragged into a massive conflict between Earth and the Digital World, triggered by an ambitious human scientist named Akihiro Kurata, determined to make use of the Digimon for his own personal gains. The English version was dubbed by Studiopolis and it premiered on the Jetix block on Toon Disney on October 1, 2007. Digivolution in Data Squad requires the human partner's DNA ("Digital Natural Ability" in the English version and "Digisoul" in the Japanese version) to activate, a strong empathy with their Digimon and a will to succeed. 'Digimon Savers' also introduces a new form of digivolving called Burst Mode which is essentially the level above Mega (previously the strongest form a digimon could take). Like previously in Tamers, this plot takes on a dark tone throughout the story and the anime was aimed, originally in Japan, at an older audience consisting of late teens and people in their early twenties from ages 16 to 21. Because of that, along with the designs, the anime being heavily edited and localized for western US audiences like past series, and the English dub being aimed mostly toward younger audiences of children aged 6 to 10 and having a lower TV-Y7-FV rating just like past dubs, Studiopolis dubbed the anime on Jetix with far more edits, changes, censorship, and cut footage. This included giving the Japanese characters full Americanized names and American surnames as well as applying far more Americanization (Marcus Damon as opposed to the Japanese Daimon Masaru), cultural streamlining and more edits to their version similar to the changes 4Kids often made (such as removal of Japanese text for the purpose of cultural streamlining). Despite all that, the setting of the country was still in Japan and the characters were Japanese in the dub. This series was the first to show any Japanese cultural concepts that were unfamiliar with American audiences (such as the manju), which were left unedited and used in the English dub. Also despite the heavy censorship and the English dub aimed at young children, some of the Digimon's attacks named after real weapons such as RizeGreymon's Trident Revolver are not edited and used in the English dub. Well Go USA released it on DVD instead of Disney. The North American English dub was televised on Jetix in the U.S. and on the Family Channel in Canada.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: After

text: a

text: three

text: year

text: hiatus

text: a

text: fifth

text: Digimon

text: series

text: began

text: airing

text: on

text: April

text: Like

text: Frontier

text: Savers

text: has

text: no

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: previous

text: installments

text: and

text: also

text: marks

text: a

text: new

text: start

text: for

text: the

text: Digimon

text: franchise

text: with

text: a

text: drastic

text: change

text: in

text: character

text: designs

text: and

text: story

text: line

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: broader

text: audience

text: The

text: story

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: challenges

text: faced

text: by

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: D.A.T.S.

text: Digital

text: Accident

text: Tactics

text: Squad

text: an

text: organization

text: created

text: to

text: conceal

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: and

text: Digimon

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: mankind

text: and

text: secretly

text: solve

text: any

text: Digimon

text: related

text: incidents

text: occurring

text: on

text: Earth

text: Later

text: the

text: D.A.T.S.

text: is

text: dragged

text: into

text: a

text: massive

text: conflict

text: between

text: Earth

text: and

text: the

text: Digital

text: World

text: triggered

text: by

text: an

text: ambitious

text: human

text: scientist

text: named

text: Akihiro

text: Kurata

text: determined

text: to

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Digimon

text: for

text: his

text: own

text: personal

text: gains

text: The

text: English

text: version

text: was

text: dubbed

text: by

text: Studiopolis

text: and

text: it

text: premiered

text: on

text: the

text: Jetix

text: block

text: on

text: Toon

text: Disney

text: on

text: October

text: Digivolution

text: in

text: Data

text: Squad

text: requires

text: the

text: human

text: partner

text: 's

text: DNA

text: Digital

text: Natural

text: Ability

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: version

text: and

text: Digisoul

text: in

text: the

text: Japanese

text: version

text: to

text: activate

text: a

text: strong

text: empathy

text: with

text: their

text: Digimon

text: and

text: a

text: will

text: to

text: succeed

text: Digimon

text: Savers

text: also

text: introduces

text: a

text: new

text: form

text: of

text: digivolving

text: called

text: Burst

text: Mode

text: which

text: is

text: essentially

text: the

text: level

text: above

text: Mega

text: previously

text: the

text: strongest

text: form

text: a

text: digimon

text: could

text: take

text: Like

text: previously

text: in

text: Tamers

text: this

text: plot

text: takes

text: on

text: a

text: dark

text: tone

text: throughout

text: the

text: story

text: and

text: the

text: anime

text: was

text: aimed

text: originally

text: in

text: Japan

text: at

text: an

text: older

text: audience

text: consisting

text: of

text: late

text: teens

text: and

text: people

text: in

text: their

text: early

text: twenties

text: from

text: ages

text: to

text: Because

text: of

text: that

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: designs

text: the

text: anime

text: being

text: heavily

text: edited

text: and

text: localized

text: for

text: western

text: US

text: audiences

text: like

text: past

text: series

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: dub

text: being

text: aimed

text: mostly

text: toward

text: younger

text: audiences

text: of

text: children

text: aged

text: to

text: and

text: having

text: a

text: lower

text: TV

text: rating

text: just

text: like

text: past

text: dubs

text: Studiopolis

text: dubbed

text: the

text: anime

text: on

text: Jetix

text: with

text: far

text: more

text: edits

text: changes

text: censorship

text: and

text: cut

text: footage

text: This

text: included

text: giving

text: the

text: Japanese

text: characters

text: full

text: Americanized

text: names

text: and

text: American

text: surnames

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: applying

text: far

text: more

text: Americanization

text: Marcus

text: Damon

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Daimon

text: Masaru

text: cultural

text: streamlining

text: and

text: more

text: edits

text: to

text: their

text: version

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: changes

text: often

text: made

text: such

text: as

text: removal

text: of

text: Japanese

text: text

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: cultural

text: streamlining

text: Despite

text: all

text: that

text: the

text: setting

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: still

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: characters

text: were

text: Japanese

text: in

text: the

text: dub

text: This

text: series

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: show

text: any

text: Japanese

text: cultural

text: concepts

text: that

text: were

text: unfamiliar

text: with

text: American

text: audiences

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: manju

text: which

text: were

text: left

text: unedited

text: and

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: dub

text: Also

text: despite

text: the

text: heavy

text: censorship

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: dub

text: aimed

text: at

text: young

text: children

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Digimon

text: 's

text: attacks

text: named

text: after

text: real

text: weapons

text: such

text: as

text: RizeGreymon

text: 's

text: Trident

text: Revolver

text: are

text: not

text: edited

text: and

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: dub

text: Well

text: Go

text: USA

text: released

text: it

text: on

text: DVD

text: instead

text: of

text: Disney

text: The

text: North

text: American

text: English

text: dub

text: was

text: televised

text: on

text: Jetix

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Family

text: Channel

text: in

text: Canada

question: How long did Digimon stay off the air before returning?

answer: three-year hiatus

text: three-year hiatus

question: What year did the fifth  series start?

answer: April 2, 2006

text: April 2, 2006

question: What was the main focus of the 5th season?

answer: D.A.T.S. ("Digital Accident Tactics Squad")

text: D.A.T.S. ("Digital Accident Tactics Squad")

question: What age group did the season target with its darker theme?

answer: ages 16 to 21

text: ages 16 to 21

question: What was the original target age for the Digimon series?

answer: children aged 6 to 10

text: children aged 6 to 10

question: What season followed a four year break?

text: fifth Digimon

question: How did they attempt to reconnect with her old audience?

question: What age group was targeted with the seasons lighter theme?

text: 6 to 10

question: The darker themed English dubbed version was aimed at what order age group?

text: 16 to 21

question: What was released on Disney instead of DVD?

text: Well Go USA


text: The Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx is well known as one of the first transitional fossils to be found, and it provided support for the theory of evolution in the late 19th century. Archaeopteryx was the first fossil to display both clearly traditional reptilian characteristics: teeth, clawed fingers, and a long, lizard-like tail, as well as wings with flight feathers similar to those of modern birds. It is not considered a direct ancestor of birds, though it is possibly closely related to the true ancestor.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: The

text: Late

text: Jurassic

text: Archaeopteryx

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: transitional

text: fossils

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: and

text: it

text: provided

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: evolution

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Archaeopteryx

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: fossil

text: to

text: display

text: both

text: clearly

text: traditional

text: reptilian

text: characteristics

text: teeth

text: clawed

text: fingers

text: and

text: a

text: long

text: lizard

text: like

text: tail

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: wings

text: with

text: flight

text: feathers

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: modern

text: birds

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: a

text: direct

text: ancestor

text: of

text: birds

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: possibly

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: true

text: ancestor

question: What is known as one of the first transitional fossils to be found?

answer: Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx

text: Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx

question: What was the first fossil to display both clearly traditional reptilian characteristics?

answer: Archaeopteryx

text: Archaeopteryx

question: Fossils with teeth, clawed fingers and a long lizard-like tail have what type of characteristics?

answer: reptilian

text: reptilian


text: The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century, replacing the phonograph cylinder record–with which it had co-existed from the late 1880s through to the 1920s–by the late 1920s. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as compact cassette were mass-marketed. By the late 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the vinyl record left the mainstream in 1991. From the 1990s to the 2010s, records continued to be manufactured and sold on a much smaller scale, and were especially used by disc jockeys (DJ)s, released by artists in some genres, and listened to by a niche market of audiophiles. The phonograph record has made a niche resurgence in the early 21st century – 9.2 million records were sold in the U.S. in 2014, a 260% increase since 2009. Likewise, in the UK sales have increased five-fold from 2009 to 2014.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: The

text: phonograph

text: disc

text: record

text: was

text: the

text: primary

text: medium

text: used

text: for

text: music

text: reproduction

text: until

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: replacing

text: the

text: phonograph

text: cylinder

text: record

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: had

text: co

text: existed

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Records

text: retained

text: the

text: largest

text: market

text: share

text: even

text: when

text: new

text: formats

text: such

text: as

text: compact

text: cassette

text: were

text: mass

text: marketed

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: digital

text: media

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: compact

text: disc

text: had

text: gained

text: a

text: larger

text: market

text: share

text: and

text: the

text: vinyl

text: record

text: left

text: the

text: mainstream

text: in

text: From

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: records

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: manufactured

text: and

text: sold

text: on

text: a

text: much

text: smaller

text: scale

text: and

text: were

text: especially

text: used

text: by

text: disc

text: jockeys

text: DJ)s

text: released

text: by

text: artists

text: in

text: some

text: genres

text: and

text: listened

text: to

text: by

text: a

text: niche

text: market

text: of

text: audiophiles

text: The

text: phonograph

text: record

text: has

text: made

text: a

text: niche

text: resurgence

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: million

text: records

text: were

text: sold

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: in

text: a

text: increase

text: since

text: Likewise

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: sales

text: have

text: increased

text: five

text: fold

text: from

text: to

question: What was the primary use of a phonographic disc record?

answer: music reproduction

text: music reproduction

question: Which year did vinyl records leave the main steam media market?

answer: 1991

question: From the 1990s to 2010s who was the primary consumer of vinyl records?

answer: disc jockeys (DJ)s

text: disc jockeys (DJ)s

question: Approximately how many phonograph records were sold in 2014?

answer: 9.2 million

text: 9.2 million

question: What is the niche market of phonograph record fans known as?

answer: audiophiles

text: audiophiles


text: Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "Congress was deprived of all legislative power over mere opinion, but was left free to reach actions which were in violation of social duties or subversive of good order." Considering this, the court ruled that outlawing polygamy was constitutional.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: letter

text: entered

text: American

text: jurisprudence

text: in

text: the

text: Mormon

text: polygamy

text: case

text: Reynolds

text: v.

text: U.S.

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: court

text: cited

text: Jefferson

text: and

text: Madison

text: seeking

text: a

text: legal

text: definition

text: for

text: the

text: word

text: religion

text: Writing

text: for

text: the

text: majority

text: Justice

text: Stephen

text: Johnson

text: Field

text: cited

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: Letter

text: to

text: the

text: Danbury

text: Baptists

text: to

text: state

text: that

text: Congress

text: was

text: deprived

text: of

text: all

text: legislative

text: power

text: over

text: mere

text: opinion

text: but

text: was

text: left

text: free

text: to

text: reach

text: actions

text: which

text: were

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: social

text: duties

text: or

text: subversive

text: of

text: good

text: order

text: Considering

text: this

text: the

text: court

text: ruled

text: that

text: outlawing

text: polygamy

text: was

text: constitutional

question: When did Jefferson's letter enter American jurisprudence?

answer: 1878

question: What was the case that used Jefferson's letter?

answer: Reynolds v. U.S.

text: Reynolds v. U.S.

question: What was the topic of Reynolds v. U.S.?

answer: Mormon polygamy

text: Mormon polygamy

question: What was the court seeking, in using Jefferson's letter?

answer: legal definition for the word religion

text: legal definition for the word religion

question: What did the court rule outlawing polygamy was?

answer: constitutional

text: constitutional

question: When did Jefferson's letter not enter American jurisprudence?

question: What was the case that denied Jefferson's letter?

text: Reynolds v. U.S

question: What was the court seeking, in not using Jefferson's letter?

text: legal definition for the word religion

question: What was the topic of Meynolds v. U.S.?

text: Mormon polygamy

question: What did the court rule not outlawing polygamy was?

text: constitutional


text: The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of widespread public resentment against the former Soviet Union (which occupied Czechoslovakia in 1968). Czech and Slovak form a dialect continuum, with great similarity between neighboring Czech and Slovak dialects. (See "Dialects" below.)

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: The

text: languages

text: have

text: not

text: undergone

text: the

text: deliberate

text: highlighting

text: of

text: minor

text: linguistic

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: nationalism

text: as

text: has

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: Bosnian

text: Serbian

text: and

text: Croatian

text: standards

text: of

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: However

text: most

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: including

text: Czech

text: have

text: been

text: distanced

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: from

text: Russian

text: influences

text: because

text: of

text: widespread

text: public

text: resentment

text: against

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: which

text: occupied

text: Czechoslovakia

text: in

text: Czech

text: and

text: Slovak

text: form

text: a

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: with

text: great

text: similarity

text: between

text: neighboring

text: Czech

text: and

text: Slovak

text: dialects

text: See

text: Dialects

text: below

question: What deliberate action has been done to some languages in the name of nationalism?

answer: highlighting of minor linguistic differences

text: highlighting of minor linguistic differences

question: What language family is Czech?

answer: Slavic

text: Slavic

question: Why did many Slavic languages distance themselves from Russian influences?

answer: resentment against the former Soviet Union

text: resentment against the former Soviet Union

question: When did the Soviet Union occupy Czechoslovakia?

answer: 1968

question: What language does Czech form a dialect continuum with?

answer: Slovak

text: Slovak

question: In what year did Croatia occupy Bosnia?

question: Why has the Bosnian language wanted to separate itself from Croatia?

text: because of widespread public resentment

question: What do most Russian dialects have in common?

text: similarity

question: What has happened to languages in Russia?

question: What kind of continuum is formed between Russian dialects?

text: dialect continuum


text: In the U.S., copyright infringement is sometimes confronted via lawsuits in civil court, against alleged infringers directly, or against providers of services and software that support unauthorized copying. For example, major motion-picture corporation MGM Studios filed suit against P2P file-sharing services Grokster and Streamcast for their contributory role in copyright infringement. In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of MGM, holding that such services could be held liable for copyright infringement since they functioned and, indeed, willfully marketed themselves as venues for acquiring copyrighted movies. The MGM v. Grokster case did not overturn the earlier Sony decision, but rather clouded the legal waters; future designers of software capable of being used for copyright infringement were warned.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: is

text: sometimes

text: confronted

text: via

text: lawsuits

text: in

text: civil

text: court

text: against

text: alleged

text: infringers

text: directly

text: or

text: against

text: providers

text: of

text: services

text: and

text: software

text: that

text: support

text: unauthorized

text: copying

text: For

text: example

text: major

text: motion

text: picture

text: corporation

text: MGM

text: Studios

text: filed

text: suit

text: against

text: file

text: sharing

text: services

text: Grokster

text: and

text: Streamcast

text: for

text: their

text: contributory

text: role

text: in

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: In

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: ruled

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: MGM

text: holding

text: that

text: such

text: services

text: could

text: be

text: held

text: liable

text: for

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: since

text: they

text: functioned

text: and

text: indeed

text: willfully

text: marketed

text: themselves

text: as

text: venues

text: for

text: acquiring

text: copyrighted

text: movies

text: The

text: MGM

text: v.

text: Grokster

text: case

text: did

text: not

text: overturn

text: the

text: earlier

text: Sony

text: decision

text: but

text: rather

text: clouded

text: the

text: legal

text: waters

text: future

text: designers

text: of

text: software

text: capable

text: of

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: were

text: warned

question: In the U.S., where is copyright infringement contested?

answer: civil court

text: civil court

question: Who did MGM studios file a lawsuit against?

answer: Grokster and Streamcast

text: Grokster and Streamcast

question: In 2005, who did the Supreme Court rule in favor of?

answer: MGM

text: MGM

question: What did P2P file sharing services market themselves as?

answer: venues for acquiring copyrighted movies

text: venues for acquiring copyrighted movies

question: What studio's case decision was NOT overturned?

answer: Sony

text: Sony

question: In the U.S., where is copyright infringement uncontested?

text: civil court

question: Who did MGM studios not file a lawsuit against?

text: Grokster and Streamcast

question: In 2015, who did the Supreme Court rule in favor of?

text: MGM

question: What did P2P file sharing services not market themselves as?

text: venues for acquiring copyrighted movies

question: What studio's case decision was overturned?

text: Sony


text: Finally, an introduced species may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces. In Belgium, Prunus spinosa from Eastern Europe leafs much sooner than its West European counterparts, disrupting the feeding habits of the Thecla betulae butterfly (which feeds on the leaves). Introducing new species often leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive. The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites, or may simply outcompete indigenous species for nutrients, water and light.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: Finally

text: an

text: introduced

text: species

text: may

text: unintentionally

text: injure

text: a

text: species

text: that

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: species

text: it

text: replaces

text: In

text: Belgium

text: Prunus

text: spinosa

text: from

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: leafs

text: much

text: sooner

text: than

text: its

text: West

text: European

text: counterparts

text: disrupting

text: the

text: feeding

text: habits

text: of

text: the

text: Thecla

text: betulae

text: butterfly

text: which

text: feeds

text: on

text: the

text: leaves

text: Introducing

text: new

text: species

text: often

text: leaves

text: endemic

text: and

text: other

text: local

text: species

text: unable

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: the

text: exotic

text: species

text: and

text: unable

text: to

text: survive

text: The

text: exotic

text: organisms

text: may

text: be

text: predators

text: parasites

text: or

text: may

text: simply

text: outcompete

text: indigenous

text: species

text: for

text: nutrients

text: water

text: and

text: light

question: What may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it replaces?

answer: an introduced species

text: an introduced species

question: Where does the Prunus spinosa leaf much sooner?

answer: In Belgium

text: In Belgium

question: What animal can its feeding habits disturbed by the Prunus spinosa?

answer: leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive

text: leaves endemic and other local species unable to compete with the exotic species and unable to survive

question: What species struggle to with the introduction of new species?

answer: endemic and other local species

text: endemic and other local species

question: What types of new species can be introduced?

answer: The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites

text: The exotic organisms may be predators, parasites

question: What may unintentionally injure a species that depends on the species it feeds on?

text: an introduced species

question: Where does the Prunus spinosa leaf without sunlight?

text: In Belgium

question: What disrupts the feeding habits of exotic organisms?

question: What does introducing new spinosas often do?

question: What types of new nutrients can be introduced?

text: exotic


text: Polarization is the sum of the E-plane orientations over time projected onto an imaginary plane perpendicular to the direction of motion of the radio wave. In the most general case, polarization is elliptical, meaning that the polarization of the radio waves varies over time. Two special cases are linear polarization (the ellipse collapses into a line) as we have discussed above, and circular polarization (in which the two axes of the ellipse are equal). In linear polarization the electric field of the radio wave oscillates back and forth along one direction; this can be affected by the mounting of the antenna but usually the desired direction is either horizontal or vertical polarization. In circular polarization, the electric field (and magnetic field) of the radio wave rotates at the radio frequency circularly around the axis of propagation. Circular or elliptically polarized radio waves are designated as right-handed or left-handed using the "thumb in the direction of the propagation" rule. Note that for circular polarization, optical researchers use the opposite right hand rule from the one used by radio engineers.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Polarization

text: is

text: the

text: sum

text: of

text: the

text: E

text: plane

text: orientations

text: over

text: time

text: projected

text: onto

text: an

text: imaginary

text: plane

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: radio

text: wave

text: In

text: the

text: most

text: general

text: case

text: polarization

text: is

text: elliptical

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: polarization

text: of

text: the

text: radio

text: waves

text: varies

text: over

text: time

text: Two

text: special

text: cases

text: are

text: linear

text: polarization

text: the

text: ellipse

text: collapses

text: into

text: a

text: line

text: as

text: we

text: have

text: discussed

text: above

text: and

text: circular

text: polarization

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: two

text: axes

text: of

text: the

text: ellipse

text: are

text: equal

text: In

text: linear

text: polarization

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: of

text: the

text: radio

text: wave

text: oscillates

text: back

text: and

text: forth

text: along

text: one

text: direction

text: this

text: can

text: be

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: mounting

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: but

text: usually

text: the

text: desired

text: direction

text: is

text: either

text: horizontal

text: or

text: vertical

text: polarization

text: In

text: circular

text: polarization

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: and

text: magnetic

text: field

text: of

text: the

text: radio

text: wave

text: rotates

text: at

text: the

text: radio

text: frequency

text: circularly

text: around

text: the

text: axis

text: of

text: propagation

text: Circular

text: or

text: elliptically

text: polarized

text: radio

text: waves

text: are

text: designated

text: as

text: right

text: handed

text: or

text: left

text: handed

text: using

text: the

text: thumb

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: propagation

text: rule

text: Note

text: that

text: for

text: circular

text: polarization

text: optical

text: researchers

text: use

text: the

text: opposite

text: right

text: hand

text: rule

text: from

text: the

text: one

text: used

text: by

text: radio

text: engineers

question: What are electrical fields projected on to?

answer: imaginary plane

text: imaginary plane

question: What is the imagenary plane perpindicular to?

answer: radio wave

text: radio wave

question: What is the name to describe polarization of radio waves varies over times?

answer: elliptical

text: elliptical

question: How many directions does the E-plane of the radio waves oscillates back and forth?

answer: one direction

text: one direction


text: The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's reassurances to the Germans, and the Germans' mistrust, intensified. On June 16, as the Soviets invaded Lithuania, but before they had invaded Latvia and Estonia, Ribbentrop instructed his staff "to submit a report as soon as possible as to whether in the Baltic States a tendency to seek support from the Reich can be observed or whether an attempt was made to form a bloc."

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: The

text: Finnish

text: and

text: Baltic

text: invasions

text: began

text: a

text: deterioration

text: of

text: relations

text: between

text: the

text: Soviets

text: and

text: Germany

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: invasions

text: were

text: a

text: severe

text: irritant

text: to

text: Berlin

text: as

text: the

text: intent

text: to

text: accomplish

text: these

text: was

text: not

text: communicated

text: to

text: the

text: Germans

text: beforehand

text: and

text: prompted

text: concern

text: that

text: Stalin

text: was

text: seeking

text: to

text: form

text: an

text: anti

text: German

text: bloc

text: Molotov

text: 's

text: reassurances

text: to

text: the

text: Germans

text: and

text: the

text: Germans

text: mistrust

text: intensified

text: On

text: June

text: as

text: the

text: Soviets

text: invaded

text: Lithuania

text: but

text: before

text: they

text: had

text: invaded

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Estonia

text: Ribbentrop

text: instructed

text: his

text: staff

text: to

text: submit

text: a

text: report

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: possible

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: States

text: a

text: tendency

text: to

text: seek

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: Reich

text: can

text: be

text: observed

text: or

text: whether

text: an

text: attempt

text: was

text: made

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: bloc

question: Who wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?

answer: Ribbentrop

text: Ribbentrop

question: Why did the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?

answer: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant

text: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant

question: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?

answer: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin

text: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin

question: Who wanted to know the moment an pro-german bloc was to form?

text: Ribbentrop

question: Who never wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?

text: Ribbentrop

question: Why didn't the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?

question: Why did the Germans trust the soviet agenda?

question: What brought trust between the German and Soviet governments?


text: The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. With the Liberals thus in disarray, Labour won 142 seats in 1922, making it the second largest political group in the House of Commons and the official opposition to the Conservative government. After the election the now-rehabilitated Ramsay MacDonald was voted the first official leader of the Labour Party.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: The

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: refused

text: affiliation

text: to

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: between

text: and

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: declined

text: rapidly

text: and

text: the

text: party

text: also

text: suffered

text: a

text: catastrophic

text: split

text: which

text: allowed

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: to

text: gain

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Liberals

text: support

text: With

text: the

text: Liberals

text: thus

text: in

text: disarray

text: Labour

text: won

text: seats

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: political

text: group

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: and

text: the

text: official

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: Conservative

text: government

text: After

text: the

text: election

text: the

text: now

text: rehabilitated

text: Ramsay

text: MacDonald

text: was

text: voted

text: the

text: first

text: official

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

question: WHen was the COmmunist party refused affiliation?

answer: between 1921 and 1923

text: between 1921 and 1923

question: HOw many seats id Labour win in 1922?

answer: 142

question: Who was voted the first leader of the Labour Party?

answer: Ramsay MacDonald

text: Ramsay MacDonald

question: When did the Communist Party refuse affiliation to the Labour Party?

text: between 1921 and 1923

question: What allowed the Liberals to gain much of Labour's support?

text: a catastrophic split

question: How many seats did the Liberals win in 1922?

question: What was the third largest group in the House of Commons?

text: Liberals

question: Who was voted the last official leader of the Labour Party?

text: Ramsay MacDonald


text: During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, in particular, the city's murder rate. The city had 93 murders for the year of 1985, with a murder rate of 41.9 killings committed per 100,000 residents. Over the next decade, the city saw a major increase in total homicides. In 1990 there were 114 murders, for a murder rate of 56.1 killings per 100,000 residents. There were 120 murders in 1995, resulting in a murder rate of 59.1 killings per 100,000 residents, one of the highest in the United States.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Richmond

text: experienced

text: a

text: spike

text: in

text: overall

text: crime

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: murder

text: rate

text: The

text: city

text: had

text: murders

text: for

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: with

text: a

text: murder

text: rate

text: of

text: killings

text: committed

text: per

text: residents

text: Over

text: the

text: next

text: decade

text: the

text: city

text: saw

text: a

text: major

text: increase

text: in

text: total

text: homicides

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: murders

text: for

text: a

text: murder

text: rate

text: of

text: killings

text: per

text: residents

text: There

text: were

text: murders

text: in

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: murder

text: rate

text: of

text: killings

text: per

text: residents

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What crime notably increased in Richmond over the course of the 1980s?

answer: murder

text: murder

question: In 1985, how many people were murdered in Richmond?

answer: 93

question: How many people per 100,000 were murdered in Richmond in 1990?

answer: 56.1

question: How many murders occurred in Richmond in 1995?

answer: 120


text: Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed] While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises, and many pubs now comprise one large room. However the modern importance of dining in pubs encourages some establishments to maintain distinct rooms or areas.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Later

text: the

text: public

text: bars

text: gradually

text: improved

text: until

text: sometimes

text: almost

text: the

text: only

text: difference

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: prices

text: so

text: that

text: customers

text: could

text: choose

text: between

text: economy

text: and

text: exclusivity

text: or

text: youth

text: and

text: age

text: or

text: a

text: jukebox

text: or

text: dartboard).[citation

text: needed

text: With

text: the

text: blurring

text: of

text: class

text: divisions

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: needed

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: saloon

text: and

text: the

text: public

text: bar

text: was

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: archaic,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: was

text: frequently

text: abolished

text: usually

text: by

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: dividing

text: wall

text: or

text: partition.[citation

text: needed

text: While

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: saloon

text: and

text: public

text: bar

text: may

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: on

text: the

text: doors

text: of

text: pubs

text: the

text: prices

text: and

text: often

text: the

text: standard

text: of

text: furnishings

text: and

text: decoration

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: throughout

text: the

text: premises

text: and

text: many

text: pubs

text: now

text: comprise

text: one

text: large

text: room

text: However

text: the

text: modern

text: importance

text: of

text: dining

text: in

text: pubs

text: encourages

text: some

text: establishments

text: to

text: maintain

text: distinct

text: rooms

text: or

text: areas

question: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?

answer: the 1960s and 1970s

text: the 1960s and 1970s

question: What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar?

answer: removal of the dividing wall or partition

text: removal of the dividing wall or partition


text: Tucson is commonly known as "The Old Pueblo". While the exact origin of this nickname is uncertain, it is commonly traced back to Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood. When rail service was established to the city on March 20, 1880, Leatherwood celebrated the fact by sending telegrams to various leaders, including the President of the United States and the Pope, announcing that the "ancient and honorable pueblo" of Tucson was now connected by rail to the outside world. The term became popular with newspaper writers who often abbreviated it as "A. and H. Pueblo". This in turn transformed into the current form of "The Old Pueblo".

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Tucson

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Old

text: Pueblo

text: While

text: the

text: exact

text: origin

text: of

text: this

text: nickname

text: is

text: uncertain

text: it

text: is

text: commonly

text: traced

text: back

text: to

text: Mayor

text: R.

text: N.

text: Bob

text: Leatherwood

text: When

text: rail

text: service

text: was

text: established

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: on

text: March

text: Leatherwood

text: celebrated

text: the

text: fact

text: by

text: sending

text: telegrams

text: to

text: various

text: leaders

text: including

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Pope

text: announcing

text: that

text: the

text: ancient

text: and

text: honorable

text: pueblo

text: of

text: Tucson

text: was

text: now

text: connected

text: by

text: rail

text: to

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: The

text: term

text: became

text: popular

text: with

text: newspaper

text: writers

text: who

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: it

text: as

text: A.

text: and

text: H.

text: Pueblo

text: This

text: in

text: turn

text: transformed

text: into

text: the

text: current

text: form

text: of

text: The

text: Old

text: Pueblo

question: Who is thought to have led to calling Tucson 'The Old Pueblo'?

answer: Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood

text: Mayor R. N. "Bob" Leatherwood

question: When did Tucson get a railroad?

answer: March 20, 1880

text: March 20, 1880

question: What did Leatherwood call Tucson in a telegram?

answer: "ancient and honorable pueblo"

text: "ancient and honorable pueblo"

question: How did newspapers abbreviate Leatherwood's phrase?

answer: "A. and H. Pueblo"

text: "A. and H. Pueblo"

question: Who were among the recipients of Leatherwood's telegram?

answer: the President of the United States and the Pope

text: the President of the United States and the Pope


text: In Europe, Dutch is the majority language in the Netherlands (96%) and Belgium (59%) as well as a minority language in Germany and northern France's French Flanders, where it is in the ultimate stage of language death. Though Belgium as a whole is multilingual, the two regions into which the country is divided (Flanders, francophone Wallonia, bilingual Brussels and small 'facility' zones) are largely monolingual. The Netherlands and Belgium produce the vast majority of music, films, books and other media written or spoken in Dutch. Dutch is a monocentric language, with all speakers using the same standard form (authorized by the Dutch Language Union) based on a Dutch orthography employing the Latin alphabet when writing. In stark contrast to its written uniformity, Dutch lacks a prestige dialect and has a large dialectal continuum consisting of 28 main dialects, which can themselves be further divided into at least 600 distinguishable varieties.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: In

text: Europe

text: Dutch

text: is

text: the

text: majority

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: Belgium

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: minority

text: language

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: northern

text: France

text: 's

text: French

text: Flanders

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: ultimate

text: stage

text: of

text: language

text: death

text: Though

text: Belgium

text: as

text: a

text: whole

text: is

text: multilingual

text: the

text: two

text: regions

text: into

text: which

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: divided

text: Flanders

text: francophone

text: Wallonia

text: bilingual

text: Brussels

text: and

text: small

text: facility

text: zones

text: are

text: largely

text: monolingual

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: Belgium

text: produce

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: music

text: films

text: books

text: and

text: other

text: media

text: written

text: or

text: spoken

text: in

text: Dutch

text: Dutch

text: is

text: a

text: monocentric

text: language

text: with

text: all

text: speakers

text: using

text: the

text: same

text: standard

text: form

text: authorized

text: by

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Language

text: Union

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: Dutch

text: orthography

text: employing

text: the

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: when

text: writing

text: In

text: stark

text: contrast

text: to

text: its

text: written

text: uniformity

text: Dutch

text: lacks

text: a

text: prestige

text: dialect

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: dialectal

text: continuum

text: consisting

text: of

text: main

text: dialects

text: which

text: can

text: themselves

text: be

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: at

text: least

text: distinguishable

text: varieties

question: What percentage of people in Belgium speak Dutch?

answer: 59%

question: What country in Europe has the highest percentage of Dutch speakers?

answer: the Netherlands

text: the Netherlands

question: What region in France is experiencing Dutch language death?

answer: French Flanders

text: French Flanders

question: What's the name of the institution that ensures Dutch is monocentric?

answer: Dutch Language Union

text: Dutch Language Union

question: How many different major dialects of Dutch are there?

answer: 28


text: The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: The

text: Charleston

text: North

text: Charleston

text: Summerville

text: Metropolitan

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: consists

text: of

text: three

text: counties

text: Charleston

text: Berkeley

text: and

text: Dorchester

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: people

text: North

text: Charleston

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Charleston

text: North

text: Charleston

text: Summerville

text: Metropolitan

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: and

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Mount

text: Pleasant

text: and

text: Summerville

text: are

text: the

text: next

text: largest

text: cities

text: These

text: cities

text: combined

text: with

text: other

text: incorporated

text: and

text: unincorporated

text: areas

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Charleston

text: form

text: the

text: Charleston

text: North

text: Charleston

text: Urban

text: Area

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: also

text: includes

text: a

text: separate

text: and

text: much

text: smaller

text: urban

text: area

text: within

text: Berkeley

text: County

text: Moncks

text: Corner

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

question: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010?

answer: 548,404

question: What is the third largest city in South Carolina?

answer: North Charleston

text: North Charleston

question: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?

answer: 9,123

question: Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?

answer: Dorchester

text: Dorchester

question: In which county is Moncks Corner located?

answer: Berkeley County

text: Berkeley County

question: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2012?

question: What is the third largest city in North Carolina?

text: North Charleston

question: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2010?

question: Charleston and Berkeley isn't combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?

text: Dorchester

question: In which county is Moncks Corner not located?

text: Berkeley County


text: The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To address the problem of slowed timekeeping in the pressure head of the inflow water clock, Zhang was the first in China to install an additional tank between the reservoir and inflow vessel. Zhang also invented a seismometer (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪) in 132 AD to detect the exact cardinal or ordinal direction of earthquakes from hundreds of kilometers away. This employed an inverted pendulum that, when disturbed by ground tremors, would trigger a set of gears that dropped a metal ball from one of eight dragon mouths (representing all eight directions) into a metal toad's mouth.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: The

text: armillary

text: sphere

text: a

text: three

text: dimensional

text: representation

text: of

text: the

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: celestial

text: sphere

text: was

text: invented

text: in

text: Han

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Using

text: a

text: water

text: clock

text: waterwheel

text: and

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: gears

text: the

text: Court

text: Astronomer

text: Zhang

text: Heng

text: AD

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: mechanically

text: rotate

text: his

text: metal

text: ringed

text: armillary

text: sphere

text: To

text: address

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: slowed

text: timekeeping

text: in

text: the

text: pressure

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: inflow

text: water

text: clock

text: Zhang

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: China

text: to

text: install

text: an

text: additional

text: tank

text: between

text: the

text: reservoir

text: and

text: inflow

text: vessel

text: Zhang

text: also

text: invented

text: a

text: seismometer

text: Houfeng

text: didong

text: yi

text: 候风地动仪

text: in

text: AD

text: to

text: detect

text: the

text: exact

text: cardinal

text: or

text: ordinal

text: direction

text: of

text: earthquakes

text: from

text: hundreds

text: of

text: kilometers

text: away

text: This

text: employed

text: an

text: inverted

text: pendulum

text: that

text: when

text: disturbed

text: by

text: ground

text: tremors

text: would

text: trigger

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: gears

text: that

text: dropped

text: a

text: metal

text: ball

text: from

text: one

text: of

text: eight

text: dragon

text: mouths

text: representing

text: all

text: eight

text: directions

text: into

text: a

text: metal

text: toad

text: 's

text: mouth

question: Who was responsible for the invention of the seismometer?

answer: Zhang Heng

text: Zhang Heng

question: In what year was the seismometer first invented?

answer: 132 AD

text: 132 AD

question: What invention included an inverted pendulum?

answer: seismometer

text: seismometer

question: How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: What was exchanged from mouth to mouth in the usage of the seismometer?

answer: metal ball

text: metal ball


text: Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Pascal

text: Lissouba

text: who

text: became

text: Congo

text: 's

text: first

text: elected

text: president

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: multi

text: party

text: democracy

text: attempted

text: to

text: implement

text: economic

text: reforms

text: with

text: IMF

text: backing

text: to

text: liberalise

text: the

text: economy

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: IMF

text: approved

text: a

text: three

text: year

text: m

text: US$

text: m

text: enhanced

text: structural

text: adjustment

text: facility

text: ESAF

text: and

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: verge

text: of

text: announcing

text: a

text: renewed

text: annual

text: agreement

text: when

text: civil

text: war

text: broke

text: out

text: in

text: Congo

text: in

question: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?

answer: Pascal Lissouba

text: Pascal Lissouba

question: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?

answer: IMF

text: IMF

question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?

answer: civil war

text: civil war

question: What does ESAF stand for?

answer: enhanced structural adjustment facility

text: enhanced structural adjustment facility

question: Who was Congo's last elected president?

text: Pascal Lissouba

question: What year did the IMF turn down  a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility?

question: When did civil war end in Congo?

question: Who was president during the period of single party democracy?

text: Pascal Lissouba


text: China's modern higher education began in 1895 with the Imperial Tientsin University which was a polytechnic plus a law department. Liberal arts were not offered until three years later at Capital University. To this day, about half of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: China

text: 's

text: modern

text: higher

text: education

text: began

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Tientsin

text: University

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: polytechnic

text: plus

text: a

text: law

text: department

text: Liberal

text: arts

text: were

text: not

text: offered

text: until

text: three

text: years

text: later

text: at

text: Capital

text: University

text: To

text: this

text: day

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: China

text: 's

text: elite

text: universities

text: remain

text: essentially

text: polytechnical

question: In what year was the Imperial Tientsin University founded in China?

answer: 1895

question: What was the first university to offer courses in liberal arts?

answer: Capital University

text: Capital University

question: What portion of China's elite universities still have a primary polytechnical focus today?

answer: half

text: half


text: In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: Raleigh

text: many

text: tourists

text: visit

text: the

text: Capital

text: African

text: American

text: Cultural

text: Complex

text: Contemporary

text: Art

text: Museum

text: of

text: Raleigh

text: Gregg

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: Design

text: at

text: NCSU

text: Haywood

text: Hall

text: House

text: Gardens

text: Marbles

text: Kids

text: Museum

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: History

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: Sciences

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Sports

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: Raleigh

text: City

text: Museum

text: J.

text: C.

text: Raulston

text: Arboretum

text: Joel

text: Lane

text: House

text: Mordecai

text: House

text: Montfort

text: Hall

text: and

text: the

text: Pope

text: House

text: Museum

text: The

text: Carolina

text: Hurricanes

text: NHL

text: hockey

text: team

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: What Hockey team is located in Raleigh?

answer: Carolina Hurricanes

text: Carolina Hurricanes

question: What league do the Carolina Hurricanes belong to?

answer: NHL

text: NHL

question: What Hall of Fame is located in Raleigh?

answer: North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame

text: North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame

question: What arboretum is located in Raleigh?

answer: J. C. Raulston Arboretum

text: J. C. Raulston Arboretum


text: In ancient Somalia, pyramidical structures known in Somali as taalo were a popular burial style, with hundreds of these dry stone monuments scattered around the country today. Houses were built of dressed stone similar to the ones in Ancient Egypt. There are also examples of courtyards and large stone walls enclosing settlements, such as the Wargaade Wall.

title: Somalis

title: Somalis

text: In

text: ancient

text: Somalia

text: pyramidical

text: structures

text: known

text: in

text: Somali

text: as

text: taalo

text: were

text: a

text: popular

text: burial

text: style

text: with

text: hundreds

text: of

text: these

text: dry

text: stone

text: monuments

text: scattered

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: today

text: Houses

text: were

text: built

text: of

text: dressed

text: stone

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: ones

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: examples

text: of

text: courtyards

text: and

text: large

text: stone

text: walls

text: enclosing

text: settlements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Wargaade

text: Wall

question: What do Somalis call their ancient pyramids?

answer: taalo

text: taalo

question: What were taalo used for?

answer: burial

text: burial

question: What were ancient Somali houses made out of?

answer: dressed stone

text: dressed stone

question: Ancient Somali houses were similar to houses in what country?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: What is a notable stone wall built in ancient Somalia?

answer: the Wargaade Wall

text: the Wargaade Wall


text: Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire; no doubt most ordinary craftsmen were slaves. Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across North Africa, in places such as Carthage, and can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: Greek

text: figural

text: mosaics

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: copied

text: or

text: adapted

text: paintings

text: a

text: far

text: more

text: prestigious

text: artform

text: and

text: the

text: style

text: was

text: enthusiastically

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: so

text: that

text: large

text: floor

text: mosaics

text: enriched

text: the

text: floors

text: of

text: Hellenistic

text: villas

text: and

text: Roman

text: dwellings

text: from

text: Britain

text: to

text: Dura

text: Europos

text: Most

text: recorded

text: names

text: of

text: Roman

text: mosaic

text: workers

text: are

text: Greek

text: suggesting

text: they

text: dominated

text: high

text: quality

text: work

text: across

text: the

text: empire

text: no

text: doubt

text: most

text: ordinary

text: craftsmen

text: were

text: slaves

text: Splendid

text: mosaic

text: floors

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: Roman

text: villas

text: across

text: North

text: Africa

text: in

text: places

text: such

text: as

text: Carthage

text: and

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: extensive

text: collection

text: in

text: Bardo

text: Museum

text: in

text: Tunis

text: Tunisia

question: What common artform is far more prestigious than mosaic?

answer: paintings

text: paintings

question: Which culture adapted the use of mosaics for large ground coverings in their villas?

answer: the Romans

text: the Romans

question: Most names of Roman mosaic workers are what nationality?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: Often regular everyday craftsman were most likely what?

answer: slaves

text: slaves

question: Carthage and Tunisia are in what general area?

answer: North Africa

text: North Africa


text: In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel. By 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800, almost doubling from a decade before. African-Americans formed a large part of the city's population, numbering 23,929 people, or nearly one-third of the residents.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: In

text: after

text: Galveston

text: was

text: struck

text: by

text: a

text: devastating

text: hurricane

text: efforts

text: to

text: make

text: Houston

text: into

text: a

text: viable

text: deep

text: water

text: port

text: were

text: accelerated

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: oil

text: discovered

text: at

text: the

text: Spindletop

text: oil

text: field

text: near

text: Beaumont

text: prompted

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: petroleum

text: industry

text: In

text: President

text: Theodore

text: Roosevelt

text: approved

text: a

text: million

text: improvement

text: project

text: for

text: the

text: Houston

text: Ship

text: Channel

text: By

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: had

text: reached

text: almost

text: doubling

text: from

text: a

text: decade

text: before

text: African

text: Americans

text: formed

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: numbering

text: people

text: or

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: residents

question: What event caused an increase in effort to promote the Houston port?

answer: hurricane

text: hurricane

question: Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston?

answer: Spindletop

text: Spindletop

question: Near what Texas city is the Spindletop oil field located?

answer: Beaumont

text: Beaumont

question: Who approved the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?

answer: President Theodore Roosevelt

text: President Theodore Roosevelt

question: In what year did Houston's population reach 78,000?

answer: 1910

question: What event caused an decrease in effort to promote the Houston port?

text: hurricane

question: Where was oil found that promoted the development of the cotton industry in Houston?

text: Spindletop

question: Near what Oklahoma city is the Spindletop oil field located?

text: Beaumont

question: Who rejected the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?

text: President Theodore Roosevelt

question: In what year did Houston's population reach 98,000?


text: The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: The

text: first

text: British

text: settlement

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Tennessee

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: by

text: settlers

text: from

text: the

text: colony

text: of

text: South

text: Carolina

text: at

text: Fort

text: Loudoun

text: near

text: present

text: day

text: Vonore

text: Fort

text: Loudoun

text: became

text: the

text: westernmost

text: British

text: outpost

text: to

text: that

text: date

text: The

text: fort

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: John

text: William

text: Gerard

text: de

text: Brahm

text: and

text: constructed

text: by

text: forces

text: under

text: British

text: Captain

text: Raymond

text: Demeré

text: After

text: its

text: completion

text: Captain

text: Raymond

text: Demeré

text: relinquished

text: command

text: on

text: August

text: to

text: his

text: brother

text: Captain

text: Paul

text: Demeré

text: Hostilities

text: erupted

text: between

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: the

text: neighboring

text: Overhill

text: Cherokees

text: and

text: a

text: siege

text: of

text: Fort

text: Loudoun

text: ended

text: with

text: its

text: surrender

text: on

text: August

text: The

text: following

text: morning

text: Captain

text: Paul

text: Demeré

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: his

text: men

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: an

text: ambush

text: nearby

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: garrison

text: was

text: taken

text: prisoner

question: In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee?

answer: 1756

question: What was the name of the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee?

answer: Fort Loudoun

text: Fort Loudoun

question: Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun?

answer: Captain Raymond Demeré

text: Captain Raymond Demeré

question: Which Cherokee faction forced the surrender of Fort Loudoun in 1760?

answer: Overhill Cherokees

text: Overhill Cherokees

question: Which British commanding officer was killed the day after Cherokee took Fort Loudon in 1760?

answer: Captain Paul Demeré

text: Captain Paul Demeré


text: The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system was devised by the German astronomer Julius Scheiner (1858–1913) in 1894 originally as a method of comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography. Scheiner's system rated the speed of a plate by the least exposure to produce a visible darkening upon development. Speed was expressed in degrees Scheiner, originally ranging from 1° Sch. to 20° Sch., where an increment of 19° Sch. corresponded to a hundredfold increase in sensitivity, which meant that an increment of 3° Sch. came close to a doubling of sensitivity.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: The

text: Scheinergrade

text: Sch

text: system

text: was

text: devised

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: astronomer

text: Julius

text: Scheiner

text: in

text: originally

text: as

text: a

text: method

text: of

text: comparing

text: the

text: speeds

text: of

text: plates

text: used

text: for

text: astronomical

text: photography

text: Scheiner

text: 's

text: system

text: rated

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: a

text: plate

text: by

text: the

text: least

text: exposure

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: visible

text: darkening

text: upon

text: development

text: Speed

text: was

text: expressed

text: in

text: degrees

text: Scheiner

text: originally

text: ranging

text: from

text: Sch

text: to

text: Sch

text: where

text: an

text: increment

text: of

text: Sch

text: corresponded

text: to

text: a

text: hundredfold

text: increase

text: in

text: sensitivity

text: which

text: meant

text: that

text: an

text: increment

text: of

text: Sch

text: came

text: close

text: to

text: a

text: doubling

text: of

text: sensitivity

question: Who created the Scheinergrade system?

answer: the German astronomer Julius Scheiner

text: the German astronomer Julius Scheiner

question: What is the Scheinergrade system used for?

answer: comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography

text: comparing the speeds of plates used for astronomical photography

question: What do degrees Scheiner indicate?

answer: the speed of a plate

text: the speed of a plate

question: What is the range of Scheiner speeds?

answer: from 1° Sch. to 20° Sch

text: from 1° Sch. to 20° Sch

question: Approximately how many degrees indicate double the sensitivity?

answer: an increment of 3° Sch

text: an increment of 3° Sch

question: What was the second use of the Scheinergrade system?

text: astronomical photography

question: What did an increment of 1 degree Sch. correspond to?

text: a doubling of sensitivity

question: What was 20 degrees Sch. indicative of?

text: a hundredfold increase in sensitivity

question: What measured the visible darkening of a developing photograph?

text: The Scheinergrade (Sch.) system

question: When did the Scheinergrade system become outdated?


text: Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the British and Uruguayan children living in the country. The School is governed by the Board of Governors, elected by the British Schools Society in Uruguay, whose honorary president is the British Ambassador to Uruguay. Prominent alumni include former government ministers Pedro Bordaberry Herrán and Gabriel Gurméndez Armand-Ugon.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: Also

text: in

text: Carrasco

text: is

text: The

text: British

text: Schools

text: of

text: Montevideo

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: educational

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: established

text: in

text: needed

text: Its

text: original

text: purpose

text: was

text: to

text: give

text: Uruguayan

text: children

text: a

text: complete

text: education

text: on

text: par

text: with

text: the

text: best

text: schools

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: to

text: establish

text: strong

text: bonds

text: between

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: Uruguayan

text: children

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: School

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Governors

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Schools

text: Society

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: whose

text: honorary

text: president

text: is

text: the

text: British

text: Ambassador

text: to

text: Uruguay

text: Prominent

text: alumni

text: include

text: former

text: government

text: ministers

text: Pedro

text: Bordaberry

text: Herrán

text: and

text: Gabriel

text: Gurméndez

text: Armand

text: Ugon

question: Where is the British Schools of Montevideo located?

answer: Carrasco

text: Carrasco

question: When was the British Schools of Montevideo established?

answer: 1908

question: What was the British Schools of Montevideo original purpose?

answer: to give Uruguayan children a complete education

text: to give Uruguayan children a complete education


text: In the film Knute Rockne, All American, Knute Rockne (played by Pat O'Brien) delivers the famous "Win one for the Gipper" speech, at which point the background music swells with the "Notre Dame Victory March". George Gipp was played by Ronald Reagan, whose nickname "The Gipper" was derived from this role. This scene was parodied in the movie Airplane! with the same background music, only this time honoring George Zipp, one of Ted Striker's former comrades. The song also was prominent in the movie Rudy, with Sean Astin as Daniel "Rudy" Ruettiger, who harbored dreams of playing football at the University of Notre Dame despite significant obstacles.

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

title: University_of_Notre_Dame

text: In

text: the

text: film

text: Knute

text: Rockne

text: All

text: American

text: Knute

text: Rockne

text: played

text: by

text: Pat

text: O'Brien

text: delivers

text: the

text: famous

text: Win

text: one

text: for

text: the

text: Gipper

text: speech

text: at

text: which

text: point

text: the

text: background

text: music

text: swells

text: with

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Victory

text: March

text: George

text: Gipp

text: was

text: played

text: by

text: Ronald

text: Reagan

text: whose

text: nickname

text: The

text: Gipper

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: this

text: role

text: This

text: scene

text: was

text: parodied

text: in

text: the

text: movie

text: Airplane

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: background

text: music

text: only

text: this

text: time

text: honoring

text: George

text: Zipp

text: one

text: of

text: Ted

text: Striker

text: 's

text: former

text: comrades

text: The

text: song

text: also

text: was

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: movie

text: Rudy

text: with

text: Sean

text: Astin

text: as

text: Daniel

text: Rudy

text: Ruettiger

text: who

text: harbored

text: dreams

text: of

text: playing

text: football

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: despite

text: significant

text: obstacles

question: Ronald Reagan had a nickname, what was it?

answer: The Gipper

text: The Gipper

question: In what film did a parody of the "Win one for the Gipper" speech appear?

answer: Airplane!

text: Airplane!

question: Who starred as Daniel Ruettiger in the film Rudy?

answer: Sean Astin

text: Sean Astin

question: Which person was a former comrade to Ted Striker in the film Airplane!?

answer: George Zipp

text: George Zipp

question: Pat O'Brien portrayed which person in the film Knute Rockne?

answer: Knute Rockne

text: Knute Rockne


text: Many Somerset soldiers died during the First World War, with the Somerset Light Infantry suffering nearly 5,000 casualties. War memorials were put up in most of the county's towns and villages; only nine, described as the Thankful Villages, had none of their residents killed. During the Second World War the county was a base for troops preparing for the D-Day landings. Some of the hospitals which were built for the casualties of the war remain in use. The Taunton Stop Line was set up to repel a potential German invasion. The remains of its pill boxes can still be seen along the coast, and south through Ilminster and Chard.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: Many

text: Somerset

text: soldiers

text: died

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: with

text: the

text: Somerset

text: Light

text: Infantry

text: suffering

text: nearly

text: casualties

text: War

text: memorials

text: were

text: put

text: up

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: 's

text: towns

text: and

text: villages

text: only

text: nine

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Thankful

text: Villages

text: had

text: of

text: their

text: residents

text: killed

text: During

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: county

text: was

text: a

text: base

text: for

text: troops

text: preparing

text: for

text: the

text: D

text: Day

text: landings

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: hospitals

text: which

text: were

text: built

text: for

text: the

text: casualties

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: remain

text: in

text: use

text: The

text: Taunton

text: Stop

text: Line

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: repel

text: a

text: potential

text: German

text: invasion

text: The

text: remains

text: of

text: its

text: pill

text: boxes

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: and

text: south

text: through

text: Ilminster

text: and

text: Chard

question: How many Somerset soldiers were killed in WW1

answer: Many Somerset soldiers died during the First World War, with the Somerset Light Infantry suffering nearly 5,000 casualties

text: Many Somerset soldiers died during the First World War, with the Somerset Light Infantry suffering nearly 5,000 casualties

question: How many counties had no casualties in WW1

answer: only nine, described as the Thankful Villages, had none of their residents killed

text: only nine, described as the Thankful Villages, had none of their residents killed

question: The county was base for what in WW2

answer: for troops preparing for the D-Day landings

text: for troops preparing for the D-Day landings

question: What is the Tauton stop line

answer: The Taunton Stop Line was set up to repel a potential German invasion

text: The Taunton Stop Line was set up to repel a potential German invasion

question: What was one of the Thankful Villages?

text: Taunton

question: Which village suffered the most First World War casualties?

text: Ilminster

question: How many Somerset soldiers died in all in the First World War?

question: How many Somerset soldiers did in the Second World War?

question: How many pill boxes can still be seen along the coast?

text: nine


text: U.S. submarines accounted for 56% of the Japanese merchantmen sunk; mines or aircraft destroyed most of the rest. US submariners also claimed 28% of Japanese warships destroyed. Furthermore, they played important reconnaissance roles, as at the battles of the Philippine Sea (June 1944) and Leyte Gulf (October 1944) (and, coincidentally,[clarification needed] at Midway in June 1942), when they gave accurate and timely warning of the approach of the Japanese fleet. Submarines also rescued hundreds of downed fliers, including future U.S. president George H.W. Bush.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: U.S.

text: submarines

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: merchantmen

text: sunk

text: mines

text: or

text: aircraft

text: destroyed

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rest

text: US

text: submariners

text: also

text: claimed

text: of

text: Japanese

text: warships

text: destroyed

text: Furthermore

text: they

text: played

text: important

text: reconnaissance

text: roles

text: as

text: at

text: the

text: battles

text: of

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: June

text: and

text: Leyte

text: Gulf

text: October

text: and

text: coincidentally,[clarification

text: needed

text: at

text: Midway

text: in

text: June

text: when

text: they

text: gave

text: accurate

text: and

text: timely

text: warning

text: of

text: the

text: approach

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: fleet

text: Submarines

text: also

text: rescued

text: hundreds

text: of

text: downed

text: fliers

text: including

text: future

text: U.S.

text: president

text: George

text: H.W.

text: Bush

question: What percentage of Japanese merchantmen were sunk by U.S. submarines?

answer: 56%

question: What percentage of Japanese warships were sunk by U.S. submarines?

answer: 28%

question: What future U.S. president was rescued by a submarine?

answer: George H.W. Bush

text: George H.W. Bush

question: What was one of the important roles submarine played in the war?

answer: reconnaissance roles

text: reconnaissance roles


text: Japan sponsored several puppet governments, one of which was headed by Wang Jingwei. However, its policies of brutality toward the Chinese population, of not yielding any real power to these regimes, and of supporting several rival governments failed to make any of them a viable alternative to the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek. Conflicts between Chinese communist and nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941, effectively ending their co-operation.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Japan

text: sponsored

text: several

text: puppet

text: governments

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: Wang

text: Jingwei

text: However

text: its

text: policies

text: of

text: brutality

text: toward

text: the

text: Chinese

text: population

text: of

text: not

text: yielding

text: any

text: real

text: power

text: to

text: these

text: regimes

text: and

text: of

text: supporting

text: several

text: rival

text: governments

text: failed

text: to

text: make

text: any

text: of

text: them

text: a

text: viable

text: alternative

text: to

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: government

text: led

text: by

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: Conflicts

text: between

text: Chinese

text: communist

text: and

text: nationalist

text: forces

text: vying

text: for

text: territory

text: control

text: behind

text: enemy

text: lines

text: culminated

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: armed

text: clash

text: in

text: January

text: effectively

text: ending

text: their

text: co

text: operation

question: Who was the leader of the Nationalist government?

answer: Chiang Kai-shek

text: Chiang Kai-shek

question: When did cooperation between communist and nationalist forces end?

answer: January 1941

text: January 1941

question: Did Japan support rival governments?

answer: supporting several

text: supporting several

question: When did the co-operation between Chinese nationalist forces and communists end?

answer: January 1941

text: January 1941

question: What was Wang Jingwei's government considered?

answer: puppet

text: puppet

question: What government did Chiang Kai-shek lead?

answer: Nationalist government

text: Nationalist government