text: In 1899 the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for poll taxes and literacy tests for voter registration which disfranchised most black Americans in the state. Exclusion from voting had wide effects: it meant that black Americans could not serve on juries or in any local office. After a decade of white supremacy, many people forgot that North Carolina had ever had thriving middle-class black Americans. Black citizens had no political voice in the state until after the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed to enforce their constitutional rights. It was not until 1992 that another African American was elected as a US Representative from North Carolina.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: In

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: passed

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: with

text: requirements

text: for

text: poll

text: taxes

text: and

text: literacy

text: tests

text: for

text: voter

text: registration

text: which

text: disfranchised

text: most

text: black

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Exclusion

text: from

text: voting

text: had

text: wide

text: effects

text: it

text: meant

text: that

text: black

text: Americans

text: could

text: not

text: serve

text: on

text: juries

text: or

text: in

text: any

text: local

text: office

text: After

text: a

text: decade

text: of

text: white

text: supremacy

text: many

text: people

text: forgot

text: that

text: North

text: Carolina

text: had

text: ever

text: had

text: thriving

text: middle

text: class

text: black

text: Americans

text: Black

text: citizens

text: had

text: no

text: political

text: voice

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: federal

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: and

text: Voting

text: Rights

text: Act

text: of

text: were

text: passed

text: to

text: enforce

text: their

text: constitutional

text: rights

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: that

text: another

text: African

text: American

text: was

text: elected

text: as

text: a

text: US

text: Representative

text: from

text: North

text: Carolina

question: What did the NC state legislature pass in 1899?

answer: a new constitution

text: a new constitution

question: What type of taxes were required by the new NC constitution?

answer: poll taxes

text: poll taxes

question: What did the new constitution require for voter registration?

answer: literacy tests

text: literacy tests

question: Being excluded from doing what, made it so that black people could not serve on juries or in public office?

answer: voting

text: voting

question: What year was the Federal Civil Rights Act?

answer: 1964


text: After editing a book on John Stuart Mill's letters he planned to publish two books on the liberal order, The Constitution of Liberty and "The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization" (eventually the title for the second chapter of The Constitution of Liberty). He completed The Constitution of Liberty in May 1959, with publication in February 1960. Hayek was concerned "with that condition of men in which coercion of some by others is reduced as much as is possible in society". Hayek was disappointed that the book did not receive the same enthusiastic general reception as The Road to Serfdom had sixteen years before.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: After

text: editing

text: a

text: book

text: on

text: John

text: Stuart

text: Mill

text: 's

text: letters

text: he

text: planned

text: to

text: publish

text: two

text: books

text: on

text: the

text: liberal

text: order

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Liberty

text: and

text: The

text: Creative

text: Powers

text: of

text: a

text: Free

text: Civilization

text: eventually

text: the

text: title

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: chapter

text: of

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Liberty

text: He

text: completed

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Liberty

text: in

text: May

text: with

text: publication

text: in

text: February

text: Hayek

text: was

text: concerned

text: with

text: that

text: condition

text: of

text: men

text: in

text: which

text: coercion

text: of

text: some

text: by

text: others

text: is

text: reduced

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: is

text: possible

text: in

text: society

text: Hayek

text: was

text: disappointed

text: that

text: the

text: book

text: did

text: not

text: receive

text: the

text: same

text: enthusiastic

text: general

text: reception

text: as

text: The

text: Road

text: to

text: Serfdom

text: had

text: sixteen

text: years

text: before

question: What topic were Hayek's next two books going to cover?

answer: the liberal order

text: the liberal order

question: Which of Hayek's books was not as well received as The Road to Serfdom?

answer: The Constitution of Liberty

text: The Constitution of Liberty

question: As of the release of his 1960 book, how long had it been since The Road to Serfdom was released?

answer: sixteen years

text: sixteen years

question: What was the title of the his 1960 book's second chapter?

answer: The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization

text: The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization

question: How did Hayek feel about the success of the book he released in 1960?

answer: disappointed

text: disappointed


text: Cetaceans were historically abundant around the island as commercial hunts on the island was operating until 1956. Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shores, and scientific surveys have been conducted regularly. Southern right whales were once regular migrants to the Norfolk hence naming the island as the "Middle ground" by whalers, but had been severely depleted by historical hunts, and further by illegal Soviet and Japan whaling, resulting in none of very few, if remnants still live, right whales in these regions along with Lord Howe Island.

title: Norfolk_Island

title: Norfolk_Island

text: Cetaceans

text: were

text: historically

text: abundant

text: around

text: the

text: island

text: as

text: commercial

text: hunts

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: operating

text: until

text: Today

text: numbers

text: of

text: larger

text: whales

text: have

text: disappeared

text: but

text: even

text: today

text: many

text: species

text: such

text: humpback

text: whale

text: minke

text: whale

text: sei

text: whale

text: and

text: dolphins

text: can

text: be

text: observed

text: close

text: to

text: shores

text: and

text: scientific

text: surveys

text: have

text: been

text: conducted

text: regularly

text: Southern

text: right

text: whales

text: were

text: once

text: regular

text: migrants

text: to

text: the

text: Norfolk

text: hence

text: naming

text: the

text: island

text: as

text: the

text: Middle

text: ground

text: by

text: whalers

text: but

text: had

text: been

text: severely

text: depleted

text: by

text: historical

text: hunts

text: and

text: further

text: by

text: illegal

text: Soviet

text: and

text: Japan

text: whaling

text: resulting

text: in

text: of

text: very

text: few

text: if

text: remnants

text: still

text: live

text: right

text: whales

text: in

text: these

text: regions

text: along

text: with

text: Lord

text: Howe

text: Island

question: What used to be abundant in the waters around Norfolk Island?

answer: Cetaceans

text: Cetaceans

question: When did commercial sea hunts on Norfolk Island stop operating?

answer: 1956

question: What are some species of whales that can be seen around Norfolk Island today?

answer: humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale

text: humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale

question: What other species can be seen close to the shores of Norfolk Island?

answer: dolphins

text: dolphins

question: What type of whales were once common in Norfolk Island, but hardly any remain today?

answer: Southern right whales

text: Southern right whales

question: What was never abundant in the waters around Norfolk Island?

text: Cetaceans

question: When did amateur sea hunts on Norfolk Island stop operating?

question: What are some species of extinct whales that can currently be seen on Norfolk Island today?

text: humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale

question: What other species can only be seen far away from the shores of Norfolk Island?

text: dolphins

question: What type of whales were once rare near Norfolk Island, but many exist today?

text: Southern right whales


text: The calendar was a refinement to the Julian calendar amounting to a 0.002% correction in the length of the year. The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which it was celebrated when it was introduced by the early Church. Because the celebration of Easter was tied to the spring equinox, the Roman Catholic Church considered the steady drift in the date of Easter caused by the year being slightly too long to be undesirable. The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe. Protestants and Eastern Orthodox countries continued to use the traditional Julian calendar and adopted the Gregorian reform after a time, for the sake of convenience in international trade. The last European country to adopt the reform was Greece, in 1923.

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: The

text: calendar

text: was

text: a

text: refinement

text: to

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: amounting

text: to

text: a

text: correction

text: in

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: motivation

text: for

text: the

text: reform

text: was

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: date

text: for

text: the

text: celebration

text: of

text: Easter

text: to

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: celebrated

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: Church

text: Because

text: the

text: celebration

text: of

text: Easter

text: was

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: spring

text: equinox

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: considered

text: the

text: steady

text: drift

text: in

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: Easter

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: year

text: being

text: slightly

text: too

text: long

text: to

text: be

text: undesirable

text: The

text: reform

text: was

text: adopted

text: initially

text: by

text: the

text: Catholic

text: countries

text: of

text: Europe

text: Protestants

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: countries

text: continued

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: traditional

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: and

text: adopted

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: reform

text: after

text: a

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: sake

text: of

text: convenience

text: in

text: international

text: trade

text: The

text: last

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: reform

text: was

text: Greece

text: in

question: What was the percentsge of correction from the Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar?

answer: 0.002%

question: What was the correction due to?

answer: length of the year

text: length of the year

question: What change in date motivated the change in calendars?

answer: celebration of Easter

text: celebration of Easter

question: To what astrological date was Easter tied?

answer: spring equinox

text: spring equinox

question: What was wrong in the Julian calendar?

answer: slightly too long

text: slightly too long

question: What percentage did the Julian calendar fixed the Gregorian calendar?

question: What was too short in the Julian calendar?

text: the length of the year

question: What did the spring equinox motivate the church to change?

text: The calendar

question: What did the Protestant church considered to be undesirable?

question: What was first adopted by Eastern Orthodox countries

text: The calendar


text: Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action. Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations. An example of a treaty requiring such legislation would be one mandating local prosecution by a party for particular crimes.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: Treaties

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: self

text: executing

text: in

text: that

text: merely

text: becoming

text: a

text: party

text: puts

text: the

text: treaty

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: obligations

text: in

text: action

text: Other

text: treaties

text: may

text: be

text: non

text: self

text: executing

text: and

text: require

text: implementing

text: legislation'—a

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: domestic

text: law

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: party

text: that

text: will

text: direct

text: or

text: enable

text: it

text: to

text: fulfill

text: treaty

text: obligations

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: a

text: treaty

text: requiring

text: such

text: legislation

text: would

text: be

text: one

text: mandating

text: local

text: prosecution

text: by

text: a

text: party

text: for

text: particular

text: crimes

question: A treaty that puts all of its obligations in action simply by becoming a party to it is known as what?

answer: self-executing

text: self-executing

question: What do non-self-executing treaties typically require from a party to enable it to fulfill its obligations?

answer: implementing legislation

text: implementing legislation

question: What is "implementing legislation" that is required by a party to a treaty to enable it to fulfill its obligations under the treaty?

answer: a change in the domestic law of a state party

text: a change in the domestic law of a state party

question: A treaty requiring local prosecution by a party for particular crimes is an example of which type of treaty?

answer: non-self-executing

text: non-self-executing

question: Signing a self-executing treaty automatically does what for a party?

answer: puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action

text: puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action


text: On 6 September 2007, Belgian-based International Polar Foundation unveiled the Princess Elisabeth station, the world's first zero-emissions polar science station in Antarctica to research climate change. Costing $16.3 million, the prefabricated station, which is part of the International Polar Year, was shipped to the South Pole from Belgium by the end of 2008 to monitor the health of the polar regions. Belgian polar explorer Alain Hubert stated: "This base will be the first of its kind to produce zero emissions, making it a unique model of how energy should be used in the Antarctic." Johan Berte is the leader of the station design team and manager of the project which conducts research in climatology, glaciology and microbiology.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: On

text: September

text: Belgian

text: based

text: International

text: Polar

text: Foundation

text: unveiled

text: the

text: Princess

text: Elisabeth

text: station

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: zero

text: emissions

text: polar

text: science

text: station

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: to

text: research

text: climate

text: change

text: Costing

text: million

text: the

text: prefabricated

text: station

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Polar

text: Year

text: was

text: shipped

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: from

text: Belgium

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: to

text: monitor

text: the

text: health

text: of

text: the

text: polar

text: regions

text: Belgian

text: polar

text: explorer

text: Alain

text: Hubert

text: stated

text: This

text: base

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: to

text: produce

text: zero

text: emissions

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: unique

text: model

text: of

text: how

text: energy

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Johan

text: Berte

text: is

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: station

text: design

text: team

text: and

text: manager

text: of

text: the

text: project

text: which

text: conducts

text: research

text: in

text: climatology

text: glaciology

text: and

text: microbiology

question: What type of research was Princess Elizabeth station built to study?

answer: climate change

text: climate change

question: How much did the Princess Elizabeth station cost?

answer: $16.3 million

text: $16.3 million

question: What unique characteristic does the Princess Elizabeth station feature?

answer: zero-emissions

text: zero-emissions

question: From what country was the Princess Elizabeth station shipped?

answer: Belgium

text: Belgium

question: Who is the leader of the station design team?

answer: Johan Berte

text: Johan Berte

question: What happened on 7 September 2006?

question: What was unveiled on 7 September 2006?

text: Princess Elisabeth

question: Who unveiled the Princess Elisabeth on 7 September 2006?

text: International Polar Foundation

question: What cost $13.6 million?

text: Princess Elisabeth station

question: Who is Alain Berte?


text: When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when the presiding officers of both houses, having received the letters patent from the king or queen signifying the assent, have notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent. Thus, if each presiding officer makes the announcement at a different time (for instance because one house is not sitting on a certain date), assent is regarded as effective when the second announcement is made. This is important because, under British Law, unless there is any provision to the contrary, an act takes effect on the date on which it receives royal assent and that date is not regarded as being the date when the letters patent are signed, or when they are delivered to the presiding officers of each house, but the date on which both houses have been formally acquainted of the assent.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: When

text: the

text: act

text: is

text: assented

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: sovereign

text: in

text: person

text: or

text: by

text: empowered

text: Royal

text: Commissioners

text: royal

text: assent

text: is

text: considered

text: given

text: at

text: the

text: moment

text: when

text: the

text: assent

text: is

text: declared

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: both

text: houses

text: jointly

text: assembled

text: When

text: the

text: procedure

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: Act

text: is

text: followed

text: assent

text: is

text: considered

text: granted

text: when

text: the

text: presiding

text: officers

text: of

text: both

text: houses

text: having

text: received

text: the

text: letters

text: patent

text: from

text: the

text: king

text: or

text: queen

text: signifying

text: the

text: assent

text: have

text: notified

text: their

text: respective

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: grant

text: of

text: royal

text: assent

text: Thus

text: if

text: each

text: presiding

text: officer

text: makes

text: the

text: announcement

text: at

text: a

text: different

text: time

text: for

text: instance

text: because

text: one

text: house

text: is

text: not

text: sitting

text: on

text: a

text: certain

text: date

text: assent

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: effective

text: when

text: the

text: second

text: announcement

text: is

text: made

text: This

text: is

text: important

text: because

text: under

text: British

text: Law

text: unless

text: there

text: is

text: any

text: provision

text: to

text: the

text: contrary

text: an

text: act

text: takes

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: date

text: on

text: which

text: it

text: receives

text: royal

text: assent

text: and

text: that

text: date

text: is

text: not

text: regarded

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: date

text: when

text: the

text: letters

text: patent

text: are

text: signed

text: or

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: delivered

text: to

text: the

text: presiding

text: officers

text: of

text: each

text: house

text: but

text: the

text: date

text: on

text: which

text: both

text: houses

text: have

text: been

text: formally

text: acquainted

text: of

text: the

text: assent

question: When assent is granted in person, when is it formally considered final?

answer: when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled

text: when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled

question: An assent is considered granted when applying the Royal Assent Act 1967 when both presiding officers have done what?

answer: notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent

text: notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent

question: When is assent effective if the presiding officers inform their houses at different times?

answer: when the second announcement is made

text: when the second announcement is made

question: Royal Assent is considered not given at what moment?

question: When the Royal Assent Act 1967 is not followed, assent is considered granted when?

question: Assent is regarded as ineffective when?

text: the second announcement is made

question: Under American law, an act takes effect when?


text: Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: Believed

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: stowaway

text: on

text: a

text: U.S.

text: military

text: transport

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: brown

text: tree

text: snake

text: Boiga

text: irregularis

text: was

text: accidentally

text: introduced

text: to

text: Guam

text: that

text: previously

text: had

text: no

text: native

text: species

text: of

text: snake

text: It

text: nearly

text: eliminated

text: the

text: native

text: bird

text: population

text: The

text: problem

text: was

text: exacerbated

text: because

text: the

text: reptile

text: has

text: no

text: natural

text: predators

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: The

text: brown

text: tree

text: snake

text: known

text: locally

text: as

text: the

text: kulebla

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: northern

text: and

text: eastern

text: coasts

text: of

text: Australia

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: While

text: slightly

text: venomous

text: the

text: snake

text: is

text: relatively

text: harmless

text: to

text: human

text: beings

text: Although

text: some

text: studies

text: have

text: suggested

text: a

text: high

text: density

text: of

text: these

text: serpents

text: on

text: Guam

text: residents

text: rarely

text: see

text: the

text: nocturnal

text: creatures

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: Agriculture

text: has

text: trained

text: detector

text: dogs

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: snakes

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: cargo

text: flow

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Geological

text: Survey

text: also

text: has

text: dogs

text: capable

text: of

text: detecting

text: snakes

text: in

text: forested

text: environments

text: around

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: islands

question: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam?

answer: brown tree snake

text: brown tree snake

question: What was accidentally introduced into Guam?

answer: brown tree snake

text: brown tree snake

question: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island?

answer: nearly eliminated the native bird population

text: nearly eliminated the native bird population

question: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?

answer: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow

text: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow

question: How many native species of birds did Guam have prior to World War II?

text: no native species

question: How many native species of birds did the Solomon Islands have prior to World War II?

text: no native species

question: What do Australian authorities do to not send brown tree snakes to Guam accidentally?

text: trained detector dogs

question: What is one of the snakes that is very poisonous to humans?

text: brown tree snake

question: Where was the U.S. military transport ultimately headed when it accidentally introduced the brown tree snake to Guam?

text: the Solomon Islands


text: Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Officer Geoffrey Morris (Observer) and Flight Sergeant Reginald Leyland (Air Intercept radar operator) of the Fighter Interception Unit became the first pilot and crew to intercept and destroy an enemy aircraft using onboard radar to guide them to a visual interception, when their AI night fighter brought down a Do 17 off Sussex. On 19 November 1940 the famous RAF night fighter ace John Cunningham shot down a Ju 88 bomber using airborne radar, just as Dowding had predicted.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Nevertheless

text: it

text: was

text: radar

text: that

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: critical

text: weapon

text: in

text: the

text: night

text: battles

text: over

text: Britain

text: from

text: this

text: point

text: onward

text: Dowding

text: had

text: introduced

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: airborne

text: radar

text: and

text: encouraged

text: its

text: usage

text: Eventually

text: it

text: would

text: become

text: a

text: success

text: On

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: July

text: Flying

text: Officer

text: Cyril

text: Ashfield

text: pilot

text: Pilot

text: Officer

text: Geoffrey

text: Morris

text: Observer

text: and

text: Flight

text: Sergeant

text: Reginald

text: Leyland

text: Air

text: Intercept

text: radar

text: operator

text: of

text: the

text: Fighter

text: Interception

text: Unit

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: pilot

text: and

text: crew

text: to

text: intercept

text: and

text: destroy

text: an

text: enemy

text: aircraft

text: using

text: onboard

text: radar

text: to

text: guide

text: them

text: to

text: a

text: visual

text: interception

text: when

text: their

text: AI

text: night

text: fighter

text: brought

text: down

text: a

text: Do

text: off

text: Sussex

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: famous

text: RAF

text: night

text: fighter

text: ace

text: John

text: Cunningham

text: shot

text: down

text: a

text: Ju

text: bomber

text: using

text: airborne

text: radar

text: just

text: as

text: Dowding

text: had

text: predicted

question: What was critical in the night battles over Britain?

answer: radar

text: radar

question: What concept eventually became successful?

answer: airborne radar

text: airborne radar

question: On what day did airborne radar help intercept and destroy enemy aircraft for the first time?

answer: the night of 22/23 July 1940

text: the night of 22/23 July 1940

question: Who was the RAF night fighter ace that used airborne radar to destroy a Ju 88 bomber?

answer: John Cunningham

text: John Cunningham


text: After Cassander's death in 298 BCE, however, Demetrius, who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet, invaded Macedon, seized the Macedonian throne (294) and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece (293-291). He was defeated in 288 BC when Lysimachus of Thrace and Pyrrhus of Epirus invaded Macedon on two fronts, and quickly carved up the kingdom for themselves. Demetrius fled to central Greece with his mercenaries and began to build support there and in the northern Peloponnese. He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him, but then struck a treaty with the Athenians and Ptolemy, which allowed him to cross over to Asia minor and wage war on Lysimachus' holdings in Ionia, leaving his son Antigonus Gonatas in Greece. After initial successes, he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity. Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis. Seleucus then attempted to conquer Lysimachus' European territories in Thrace and Macedon, but he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus ("the thunderbolt"), who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon. Ptolemy was killed when Macedon was invaded by Gauls in 279, his head stuck on a spear and the country fell into anarchy. Antigonus II Gonatas invaded Thrace in the summer of 277 and defeated a large force of 18,000 Gauls. He was quickly hailed as king of Macedon and went on to rule for 35 years.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: After

text: Cassander

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: BCE

text: however

text: Demetrius

text: who

text: still

text: maintained

text: a

text: sizable

text: loyal

text: army

text: and

text: fleet

text: invaded

text: Macedon

text: seized

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: throne

text: and

text: conquered

text: Thessaly

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: central

text: Greece

text: He

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: BC

text: when

text: Lysimachus

text: of

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Pyrrhus

text: of

text: Epirus

text: invaded

text: Macedon

text: on

text: two

text: fronts

text: and

text: quickly

text: carved

text: up

text: the

text: kingdom

text: for

text: themselves

text: Demetrius

text: fled

text: to

text: central

text: Greece

text: with

text: his

text: mercenaries

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: build

text: support

text: there

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Peloponnese

text: He

text: once

text: again

text: laid

text: siege

text: to

text: Athens

text: after

text: they

text: turned

text: on

text: him

text: but

text: then

text: struck

text: a

text: treaty

text: with

text: the

text: Athenians

text: and

text: Ptolemy

text: which

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: cross

text: over

text: to

text: Asia

text: minor

text: and

text: wage

text: war

text: on

text: Lysimachus

text: holdings

text: in

text: Ionia

text: leaving

text: his

text: son

text: Antigonus

text: Gonatas

text: in

text: Greece

text: After

text: initial

text: successes

text: he

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: surrender

text: to

text: Seleucus

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: died

text: in

text: captivity

text: Lysimachus

text: who

text: had

text: seized

text: Macedon

text: and

text: Thessaly

text: for

text: himself

text: was

text: forced

text: into

text: war

text: when

text: Seleucus

text: invaded

text: his

text: territories

text: in

text: Asia

text: minor

text: and

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: killed

text: in

text: BCE

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Corupedium

text: near

text: Sardis

text: Seleucus

text: then

text: attempted

text: to

text: conquer

text: Lysimachus

text: European

text: territories

text: in

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Macedon

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: assassinated

text: by

text: Ptolemy

text: Ceraunus

text: the

text: thunderbolt

text: who

text: had

text: taken

text: refuge

text: at

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: court

text: and

text: then

text: had

text: himself

text: acclaimed

text: as

text: king

text: of

text: Macedon

text: Ptolemy

text: was

text: killed

text: when

text: Macedon

text: was

text: invaded

text: by

text: Gauls

text: in

text: his

text: head

text: stuck

text: on

text: a

text: spear

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: fell

text: into

text: anarchy

text: Antigonus

text: II

text: Gonatas

text: invaded

text: Thrace

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: and

text: defeated

text: a

text: large

text: force

text: of

text: Gauls

text: He

text: was

text: quickly

text: hailed

text: as

text: king

text: of

text: Macedon

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: rule

text: for

text: years

question: When did Cassander die?

answer: 298 BCE

text: 298 BCE

question: When did Demetrius seize the Macedonian throne?

answer: 294

question: Who captured Demetrius?

answer: Seleucus

text: Seleucus

question: What year was Seleucus killed?

answer: 281 BCE

text: 281 BCE

question: At what battle was Seleucus killed ?

answer: Battle of Corupedium

text: Battle of Corupedium


text: In 1951, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill. Churchill and the Conservatives believed that Britain's position as a world power relied on the continued existence of the empire, with the base at the Suez Canal allowing Britain to maintain its pre-eminent position in the Middle East in spite of the loss of India. However, Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow. Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: In

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: returned

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: Britain

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: Churchill

text: and

text: the

text: Conservatives

text: believed

text: that

text: Britain

text: 's

text: position

text: as

text: a

text: world

text: power

text: relied

text: on

text: the

text: continued

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: with

text: the

text: base

text: at

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: allowing

text: Britain

text: to

text: maintain

text: its

text: pre

text: eminent

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: India

text: However

text: Churchill

text: could

text: not

text: ignore

text: Gamal

text: Abdul

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: new

text: revolutionary

text: government

text: of

text: Egypt

text: that

text: had

text: taken

text: power

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: it

text: was

text: agreed

text: that

text: British

text: troops

text: would

text: withdraw

text: from

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: zone

text: and

text: that

text: Sudan

text: would

text: be

text: granted

text: self

text: determination

text: by

text: with

text: independence

text: to

text: follow

text: Sudan

text: was

text: granted

text: independence

text: on

text: January

question: What party regained power in Britain in 1951?

answer: Conservative Party

text: Conservative Party

question: Which party was Winston Churchill in?

answer: Conservative Party

text: Conservative Party

question: Who ruled Egypt in 1952?

answer: Gamal Abdul Nasser

text: Gamal Abdul Nasser

question: When did Sudan receive independence?

answer: 1 January 1956

text: 1 January 1956

question: Britain wanted to retain control of the Suez Canal to help its importance in what region?

answer: Middle East

text: Middle East


text: In-mid 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) in the global coverage constellation. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched 30 September 2015. As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: In

text: mid

text: China

text: started

text: the

text: build

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: generation

text: BeiDou

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: global

text: coverage

text: constellation

text: The

text: first

text: satellite

text: was

text: launched

text: September

text: As

text: of

text: March

text: in

text: orbit

text: validation

text: satellites

text: have

text: been

text: launched

question: When did China begin constructing the third BeiDou system?

answer: mid 2015

text: mid 2015

question: What is the third BeiDou system called?

answer: BDS-3

question: When was the first BDS-3 satellite launched?

answer: 30 September 2015

text: 30 September 2015

question: How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched?

answer: 4

question: Which system did China start building in March of 2017?

question: Which satellite was first launched on September 27th, 2015?

text: BDS-3 satellite

question: As of which month during 2016 were there 17 BDS-3 satellites in orbit?

text: March

question: When did Africa begin constructing the third BeiDou system?

text: mid 2015

question: How many BDS-20 satellites have been launched?


text: The city's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century, fed largely by an influx of European, Middle Eastern (Lebanese, Assyrian/Chaldean), and Southern migrants to work in the burgeoning automobile industry. In 1940, Whites were 90.4% of the city's population. Since 1950 the city has seen a major shift in its population to the suburbs. In 1910, fewer than 6,000 blacks called the city home; in 1930 more than 120,000 blacks lived in Detroit. The thousands of African Americans who came to Detroit were part of the Great Migration of the 20th century.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: increased

text: more

text: than

text: sixfold

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: fed

text: largely

text: by

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: European

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: Lebanese

text: Assyrian

text: Chaldean

text: and

text: Southern

text: migrants

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: burgeoning

text: automobile

text: industry

text: In

text: Whites

text: were

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: Since

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: seen

text: a

text: major

text: shift

text: in

text: its

text: population

text: to

text: the

text: suburbs

text: In

text: fewer

text: than

text: blacks

text: called

text: the

text: city

text: home

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: blacks

text: lived

text: in

text: Detroit

text: The

text: thousands

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: who

text: came

text: to

text: Detroit

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Migration

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: What percentage of Detroit's residents where white in 1940?

answer: 90.4

question: Where did the population of Detroit shift to in the second half of the 20th century?

answer: suburbs

text: suburbs

question: How many blacks lived in Detroit in 1930?

answer: 120,000

question: What was the movement of blacks to northern cities called?

answer: Great Migration

text: Great Migration

question: What industry is responsible for a large growth in Detroit's population?

answer: automobile

text: automobile


text: As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction, the completion and further development of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors. Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517. His name is borne by the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard, perhaps the most famous image of the school. This range includes the important interiors of the Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber, where most of the 18th century "leaving portraits" are kept.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: As

text: the

text: school

text: suffered

text: reduced

text: income

text: while

text: still

text: under

text: construction

text: the

text: completion

text: and

text: further

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: has

text: since

text: depended

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: on

text: wealthy

text: benefactors

text: Building

text: resumed

text: when

text: Roger

text: Lupton

text: was

text: Provost

text: around

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: borne

text: by

text: the

text: big

text: gate

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: range

text: of

text: the

text: cloisters

text: fronting

text: School

text: Yard

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: image

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: This

text: range

text: includes

text: the

text: important

text: interiors

text: of

text: the

text: Parlour

text: Election

text: Hall

text: and

text: Election

text: Chamber

text: where

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: leaving

text: portraits

text: are

text: kept

question: Around what year did construction continue after a period of financial struggle?

answer: 1517

question: Whose name is on the gate-house fronting School Yard?

answer: Roger Lupton

text: Roger Lupton

question: Where are 18th century "leaving portraits" kept at Eton?

answer: Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber

text: Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber

question: What is the most famous image of Eton College?

answer: the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard

text: the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard

question: In what year did Eton's Roger Lupton die?

question: In what year was Election Hall built?

question: Which Provost had Election Hall built?

text: Roger Lupton

question: In what year was Eton founded?

question: Who was the first Provost of Eton?

text: Roger Lupton


text: Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: centennial

text: celebration

text: was

text: named

text: the

text: top

text: event

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Bus

text: Association

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: multiple

text: celebrations

text: saving

text: with

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: statehood

text: on

text: November

text: Annual

text: ethnic

text: festivals

text: and

text: events

text: take

text: place

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: such

text: as

text: Native

text: American

text: powwows

text: and

text: ceremonial

text: events

text: and

text: include

text: festivals

text: as

text: examples

text: in

text: Scottish

text: Irish

text: German

text: Italian

text: Vietnamese

text: Chinese

text: Czech

text: Jewish

text: Arab

text: Mexican

text: and

text: African

text: American

text: communities

text: depicting

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: or

text: traditions

question: When was Oklahoma's centennial year?

answer: 2007

question: When was the exact hundredth anniversary of Oklahoma's statehood?

answer: November 16, 2007

text: November 16, 2007

question: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?

answer: American Bus Association

text: American Bus Association

question: What do ethnic festivals depict?

answer: cultural heritage or traditions

text: cultural heritage or traditions


text: Notable documentation of the war was provided by William Howard Russell (writing for The Times newspaper) and the photographs of Roger Fenton.:306–309 News from war correspondents reached all nations involved in the war and kept the public citizenry of those nations better informed of the day-to-day events of the war than had been the case in any other war to that date. The British public was very well informed regarding the day-to-day realities of the war in the Crimea. After the French extended the telegraph to the coast of the Black Sea during the winter of 1854, the news reached London in two days. When the British laid an underwater cable to the Crimean peninsula in April 1855, news reached London in a few hours. The daily news reports energised public opinion, which brought down the Aberdeen government and carried Lord Palmerston into office as prime minister.:304–11

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Notable

text: documentation

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: provided

text: by

text: William

text: Howard

text: Russell

text: writing

text: for

text: The

text: Times

text: newspaper

text: and

text: the

text: photographs

text: of

text: Roger

text: News

text: from

text: war

text: correspondents

text: reached

text: all

text: nations

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: kept

text: the

text: public

text: citizenry

text: of

text: those

text: nations

text: better

text: informed

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: than

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: war

text: to

text: that

text: date

text: The

text: British

text: public

text: was

text: very

text: well

text: informed

text: regarding

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: realities

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: Crimea

text: After

text: the

text: French

text: extended

text: the

text: telegraph

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: the

text: news

text: reached

text: London

text: in

text: two

text: days

text: When

text: the

text: British

text: laid

text: an

text: underwater

text: cable

text: to

text: the

text: Crimean

text: peninsula

text: in

text: April

text: news

text: reached

text: London

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: hours

text: The

text: daily

text: news

text: reports

text: energised

text: public

text: opinion

text: which

text: brought

text: down

text: the

text: Aberdeen

text: government

text: and

text: carried

text: Lord

text: Palmerston

text: into

text: office

text: as

text: prime

question: Who provided notable documentation of the war?

answer: William Howard Russell

text: William Howard Russell

question: William Howard Russell wrote for what newspaper at the time?

answer: The Times

text: The Times

question: Who's photographs accompanied William Howard Russell documentation?

answer: Roger Fenton

text: Roger Fenton

question: Who extended the telegraph to the coast of the Black Sea?

answer: the French

text: the French

question: After the telegraph was extended to the coast of the Black Sea, how long did it take news of the war to reach London?

answer: two days

text: two days


text: Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Forty

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: theaters

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seats

text: each

text: are

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: Broadway

text: after

text: the

text: major

text: thoroughfare

text: that

text: crosses

text: the

text: Times

text: Square

text: Theater

text: District

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Great

text: White

text: Way

text: According

text: to

text: The

text: Broadway

text: League

text: Broadway

text: shows

text: sold

text: approximately

text: US$

text: billion

text: worth

text: of

text: tickets

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: an

text: increase

text: from

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: Attendance

text: in

text: stood

text: at

text: million

text: representing

text: a

text: increase

text: from

text: the

text: season

text: 's

text: million

question: How many people attended Broadway shows during the 2013-2014 season?

answer: 12.21 million

text: 12.21 million

question: What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District?

answer: The Great White Way

text: The Great White Way

question: What was the dollar amount of the tickets sold on Broadway in 2013-14?

answer: US$1.27 billion

text: US$1.27 billion

question: What was the percentage increase in the Broadway ticket revenue from 2012-3 to 2013-4?

answer: 11.4%

question: How many people attended a Broadway show in the 2013-4 season?

answer: 12.21 million

text: 12.21 million

question: In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway?

answer: 11.57 million

text: 11.57 million


text: After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portugal. Later the Kingdom of Asturias was divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain due to dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring. With the forced abdication of Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias by his sons in 910, the Kingdom of Asturias split into three separate kingdoms of León, Galicia and Asturias. The three kingdoms were eventually reunited in 924 (León and Galicia in 914, Asturias later) under the crown of León.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: After

text: annexing

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Portugal

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: several

text: counties

text: that

text: made

text: up

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: King

text: Alfonso

text: III

text: of

text: Asturias

text: knighted

text: Vimara

text: Peres

text: in

text: AD

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: Count

text: of

text: Portus

text: Cale

text: Portugal

text: The

text: region

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: Portucale

text: Portugale

text: and

text: simultaneously

text: Portugália

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Portugal

text: Later

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Christian

text: Kingdoms

text: in

text: Northern

text: Spain

text: due

text: to

text: dynastic

text: divisions

text: of

text: inheritance

text: among

text: the

text: kings

text: offspring

text: With

text: the

text: forced

text: abdication

text: of

text: Alfonso

text: III

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Asturias

text: by

text: his

text: sons

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: split

text: into

text: three

text: separate

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: León

text: Galicia

text: and

text: Asturias

text: The

text: three

text: kingdoms

text: were

text: eventually

text: reunited

text: in

text: León

text: and

text: Galicia

text: in

text: Asturias

text: later

text: under

text: the

text: crown

text: of

text: León

question: Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias?

answer: King Alfonso III

text: King Alfonso III

question: In which year was Vimara Peres knighted?

answer: 868 AD

text: 868 AD

question: What was Vimara knighted as?

answer: First Count of Portus Cale

text: First Count of Portus Cale

question: What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted?

answer: Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália

text: Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália

question: Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided?

answer: dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring

text: dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring


text: It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country's ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of "human capital". Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions and the role of cognitive skills.

title: Education

title: Education

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: argued

text: that

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: education

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: countries

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: achieve

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: economic

text: growth

text: Empirical

text: analyses

text: tend

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: theoretical

text: prediction

text: that

text: poor

text: countries

text: should

text: grow

text: faster

text: than

text: rich

text: countries

text: because

text: they

text: can

text: adopt

text: cutting

text: edge

text: technologies

text: already

text: tried

text: and

text: tested

text: by

text: rich

text: countries

text: However

text: technology

text: transfer

text: requires

text: knowledgeable

text: managers

text: and

text: engineers

text: who

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: operate

text: new

text: machines

text: or

text: production

text: practices

text: borrowed

text: from

text: the

text: leader

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: close

text: the

text: gap

text: through

text: imitation

text: Therefore

text: a

text: country

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: learn

text: from

text: the

text: leader

text: is

text: a

text: function

text: of

text: its

text: stock

text: of

text: human

text: capital

text: Recent

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: determinants

text: of

text: aggregate

text: economic

text: growth

text: have

text: stressed

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: fundamental

text: economic

text: institutions

text: and

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: cognitive

text: skills

question: What is the theory behind Empirical analyses?

answer: poor countries should grow faster than rich countries

text: poor countries should grow faster than rich countries

question: What has been argued about high rates in education?

answer: essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth

text: essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth

question: What is greatly needed with technology transfer when it relates to education?

answer: requires knowledgeable managers and engineers

text: requires knowledgeable managers and engineers

question: What is the theory not behind Empirical analyses?

question: What countries grow slower than rich countries?

text: poor countries

question: Why don't poor countries go quickly?

question: What is never needed with technology transfer?

text: knowledgeable managers and engineers


text: In electric power distribution, capacitors are used for power factor correction. Such capacitors often come as three capacitors connected as a three phase load. Usually, the values of these capacitors are given not in farads but rather as a reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var). The purpose is to counteract inductive loading from devices like electric motors and transmission lines to make the load appear to be mostly resistive. Individual motor or lamp loads may have capacitors for power factor correction, or larger sets of capacitors (usually with automatic switching devices) may be installed at a load center within a building or in a large utility substation.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: In

text: electric

text: power

text: distribution

text: capacitors

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: power

text: factor

text: correction

text: Such

text: capacitors

text: often

text: come

text: as

text: three

text: capacitors

text: connected

text: as

text: a

text: three

text: phase

text: load

text: Usually

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: these

text: capacitors

text: are

text: given

text: not

text: in

text: farads

text: but

text: rather

text: as

text: a

text: reactive

text: power

text: in

text: volt

text: amperes

text: reactive

text: var

text: The

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: counteract

text: inductive

text: loading

text: from

text: devices

text: like

text: electric

text: motors

text: and

text: transmission

text: lines

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: load

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: mostly

text: resistive

text: Individual

text: motor

text: or

text: lamp

text: loads

text: may

text: have

text: capacitors

text: for

text: power

text: factor

text: correction

text: or

text: larger

text: sets

text: of

text: capacitors

text: usually

text: with

text: automatic

text: switching

text: devices

text: may

text: be

text: installed

text: at

text: a

text: load

text: center

text: within

text: a

text: building

text: or

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: utility

text: substation

question: In what scenario are capacitors used for power factor correction?

answer: In electric power distribution

text: In electric power distribution

question: How are capacitors used for for power factor correction prepared?

answer: as three capacitors connected as a three phase load

text: as three capacitors connected as a three phase load

question: In what what unit is the capacitance reported for capacitors used in power factor correction?

answer: reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var)

text: reactive power in volt-amperes reactive (var)

question: What is the reason for using capacitors in power factor correction?

answer: to counteract inductive loading

text: to counteract inductive loading

question: How are power factor correction capacitors sometimes installed?

answer: at a load center within a building

text: at a load center within a building

question: In what scenario are capacitors never used for power factor correction?

text: In electric power distribution

question: How are capacitors never used for power factor correction prepared?

question: In what what unit is the capacitance reported for capacitors never used in power factor correction?

text: reactive power in volt-amperes reactive

question: What is the reason for never using capacitors in power factor correction?

text: to counteract inductive loading

question: How are power factor correction capacitors never installed?

text: at a load center within a building


text: There are two types of transistors, which have slight differences in how they are used in a circuit. A bipolar transistor has terminals labeled base, collector, and emitter. A small current at the base terminal (that is, flowing between the base and the emitter) can control or switch a much larger current between the collector and emitter terminals. For a field-effect transistor, the terminals are labeled gate, source, and drain, and a voltage at the gate can control a current between source and drain.

title: Transistor

title: Transistor

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: transistors

text: which

text: have

text: slight

text: differences

text: in

text: how

text: they

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: a

text: circuit

text: A

text: bipolar

text: transistor

text: has

text: terminals

text: labeled

text: base

text: collector

text: and

text: emitter

text: A

text: small

text: current

text: at

text: the

text: base

text: terminal

text: that

text: is

text: flowing

text: between

text: the

text: base

text: and

text: the

text: emitter

text: can

text: control

text: or

text: switch

text: a

text: much

text: larger

text: current

text: between

text: the

text: collector

text: and

text: emitter

text: terminals

text: For

text: a

text: field

text: effect

text: transistor

text: the

text: terminals

text: are

text: labeled

text: gate

text: source

text: and

text: drain

text: and

text: a

text: voltage

text: at

text: the

text: gate

text: can

text: control

text: a

text: current

text: between

text: source

text: and

text: drain

question: How many types of transistors are there?

answer: two

text: two

question: What are the components of a bipolar transistor?

answer: base, collector, and emitter

text: base, collector, and emitter

question: What controls the large current between the collector and emitter?

answer: A small current at the base terminal

text: A small current at the base terminal

question: What are the components of a field-effect transistor?

answer: gate, source, and drain

text: gate, source, and drain

question: In a field-effect transistor, what controls the current between the source and drain?

answer: a voltage at the gate

text: a voltage at the gate

question: Why would someone use a bipolar transistor instead of a field-effect transistor?

question: What is the most common kind of transistor?

text: field-effect

question: What controls the voltage at the gate of a field-effect transistor?

text: switch

question: Where is the collector terminal located?

text: between the base and the emitter

question: Where is the gate terminal located?

text: between source and drain


text: Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project (USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park (China, 200 MW), Perovo Solar Park (Russia 100 MW), Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 97 MW), Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark (Germany 91 MW), Solarpark Finow Tower (Germany 84.7 MW), Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station (Italy, 84.2 MW), Eggebek Solar Park (Germany 83.6 MW), Senftenberg Solarpark (Germany 82 MW), Finsterwalde Solar Park (Germany, 80.7 MW), Okhotnykovo Solar Park (Russia, 80 MW), Lopburi Solar Farm (Thailand 73.16 MW), Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant (Italy, 72 MW), and the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 71.8 MW).

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Many

text: solar

text: photovoltaic

text: power

text: stations

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: mainly

text: in

text: Europe

text: As

text: of

text: July

text: the

text: largest

text: photovoltaic

text: PV

text: power

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: are

text: the

text: Agua

text: Caliente

text: Solar

text: Project

text: USA

text: MW

text: Charanka

text: Solar

text: Park

text: India

text: MW

text: Golmud

text: Solar

text: Park

text: China

text: MW

text: Perovo

text: Solar

text: Park

text: Russia

text: MW

text: Sarnia

text: Photovoltaic

text: Power

text: Plant

text: Canada

text: MW

text: Brandenburg

text: Briest

text: Solarpark

text: Germany

text: MW

text: Solarpark

text: Finow

text: Tower

text: Germany

text: MW

text: Montalto

text: di

text: Castro

text: Photovoltaic

text: Power

text: Station

text: Italy

text: MW

text: Eggebek

text: Solar

text: Park

text: Germany

text: MW

text: Senftenberg

text: Solarpark

text: Germany

text: MW

text: Finsterwalde

text: Solar

text: Park

text: Germany

text: MW

text: Okhotnykovo

text: Solar

text: Park

text: Russia

text: MW

text: Lopburi

text: Solar

text: Farm

text: Thailand

text: MW

text: Rovigo

text: Photovoltaic

text: Power

text: Plant

text: Italy

text: MW

text: and

text: the

text: Lieberose

text: Photovoltaic

text: Park

text: Germany

text: MW

question: Where have the majority of photovoltaic power stations been built?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project located?

answer: USA

text: USA

question: Where is Charanka Solar Park?

answer: India

text: India

question: Where have the minority of photovoltaic power stations been built?

text: Europe

question: Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project not going to be located?

text: USA

question: Where is Charanka Solar Field?

text: India

question: Where is Okhotnykovo State Park?

text: Russia


text: While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground sent pulses at a rate of 180 per minute. X-Gerät received and analysed the pulses, giving the pilot both visual and aural "on course" signals. Three beams intersected the beam along the He 111's flight path. The first cross-beam acted as a warning for the bomb-aimer to start the bombing-clock which he would activate only when the second cross-beam was reached. When the third cross-beam was reached the bomb aimer activated a third trigger, which stopped the first hand of the equipment's clock, with the second hand continuing. When the second hand re-aligned with the first, the bombs were released. The clock's timing mechanism was co-ordinated with the distances of the intersecting beams from the target so the target was directly below when the bomb release occurred.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: While

text: Knickebein

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: German

text: crews

text: en

text: masse

text: X

text: Gerät

text: use

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: specially

text: trained

text: pathfinder

text: crews

text: Special

text: receivers

text: were

text: mounted

text: in

text: He

text: with

text: a

text: radio

text: mast

text: on

text: the

text: bomber

text: 's

text: fuselage

text: The

text: system

text: worked

text: on

text: a

text: higher

text: frequency

text: MHz

text: compared

text: to

text: Knickebein

text: 's

text: MHz

text: Transmitters

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: sent

text: pulses

text: at

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: per

text: minute

text: X

text: Gerät

text: received

text: and

text: analysed

text: the

text: pulses

text: giving

text: the

text: pilot

text: both

text: visual

text: and

text: aural

text: on

text: course

text: signals

text: Three

text: beams

text: intersected

text: the

text: beam

text: along

text: the

text: He

text: 's

text: flight

text: path

text: The

text: first

text: cross

text: beam

text: acted

text: as

text: a

text: warning

text: for

text: the

text: bomb

text: aimer

text: to

text: start

text: the

text: bombing

text: clock

text: which

text: he

text: would

text: activate

text: only

text: when

text: the

text: second

text: cross

text: beam

text: was

text: reached

text: When

text: the

text: third

text: cross

text: beam

text: was

text: reached

text: the

text: bomb

text: aimer

text: activated

text: a

text: third

text: trigger

text: which

text: stopped

text: the

text: first

text: hand

text: of

text: the

text: equipment

text: 's

text: clock

text: with

text: the

text: second

text: hand

text: continuing

text: When

text: the

text: second

text: hand

text: re

text: aligned

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: the

text: bombs

text: were

text: released

text: The

text: clock

text: 's

text: timing

text: mechanism

text: was

text: co

text: ordinated

text: with

text: the

text: distances

text: of

text: the

text: intersecting

text: beams

text: from

text: the

text: target

text: so

text: the

text: target

text: was

text: directly

text: below

text: when

text: the

text: bomb

text: release

text: occurred

question: While Knickebein was used my most German crews who used the X-Gerat system?

answer: specially trained pathfinder crews

text: specially trained pathfinder crews

question: What frequency did the X-Gerat system use?

answer: 66–77 MHz

text: 66–77 MHz

question: What rate per minute did ground transmitters send?

answer: 180

question: When the bomber crossed the first beam the bomber-aimer did what?

answer: start the bombing-clock

text: start the bombing-clock

question: What mechanism cause the bombs to be released?

answer: clock's timing

text: clock's timing


text: The city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it was named as one of Newsweek magazine's 18 "public elite" high schools, and in 2012, it was rated #16 of America's best high schools overall. Richmond's public school district also runs one of Virginia's four public charter schools, the Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts, which was founded in 2010.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Richmond

text: operates

text: elementary

text: schools

text: nine

text: middle

text: schools

text: and

text: eight

text: high

text: schools

text: serving

text: a

text: total

text: student

text: population

text: of

text: students

text: There

text: is

text: one

text: Governor

text: 's

text: School

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: Maggie

text: L.

text: Walker

text: Governor

text: 's

text: School

text: for

text: Government

text: and

text: International

text: Studies

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: named

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: Newsweek

text: magazine

text: 's

text: public

text: elite

text: high

text: schools

text: and

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: rated

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: best

text: high

text: schools

text: overall

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: public

text: school

text: district

text: also

text: runs

text: one

text: of

text: Virginia

text: 's

text: four

text: public

text: charter

text: schools

text: the

text: Patrick

text: Henry

text: School

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: Arts

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: in

question: How many high schools are there in Richmond?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: How many primary and secondary school students attend school in Richmond?

answer: 24,000

question: For whom is the Governor's School in Richmond named?

answer: Maggie L. Walker

text: Maggie L. Walker

question: Where was Richmond's Governor's School rated by Newsweek in 2012?

answer: 16

question: When did Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts open its doors?

answer: 2010


text: Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive".

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: efforts

text: to

text: spread

text: their

text: beliefs

text: most

text: notably

text: by

text: visiting

text: people

text: from

text: house

text: to

text: house

text: distributing

text: literature

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: in

text: languages

text: The

text: objective

text: is

text: to

text: start

text: a

text: regular

text: Bible

text: study

text: with

text: any

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: not

text: already

text: a

text: member

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: that

text: the

text: student

text: be

text: baptized

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: advised

text: to

text: consider

text: discontinuing

text: Bible

text: studies

text: with

text: students

text: who

text: show

text: no

text: interest

text: in

text: becoming

text: members

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: taught

text: they

text: are

text: under

text: a

text: biblical

text: command

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: public

text: preaching

text: They

text: are

text: instructed

text: to

text: devote

text: as

text: much

text: time

text: as

text: possible

text: to

text: their

text: ministry

text: and

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: submit

text: an

text: individual

text: monthly

text: Field

text: Service

text: Report

text: Baptized

text: members

text: who

text: fail

text: to

text: report

text: a

text: month

text: of

text: preaching

text: are

text: termed

text: irregular

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: counseled

text: by

text: elders

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: submit

text: reports

text: for

text: six

text: consecutive

text: months

text: are

text: termed

text: inactive

question: What are Jehovah Witnesses probably best known for by outsiders?

answer: their efforts to spread their beliefs

text: their efforts to spread their beliefs

question: How many languages is the Watch Tower Society literature published in?

answer: 700

question: What is the objective of Jehovah Witnesses' door to door ministry?

answer: start a regular "Bible study"

text: start a regular "Bible study"

question: When are Jehovah Witnesses advised to discontinue Bibles studies with students?

answer: show no interest in becoming members

text: show no interest in becoming members

question: What are baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching termed as?

answer: irregular

text: irregular

question: How many doors does the average Jehovah's Witnesses knock on each month?

question: What do most people do when a Jehovah's Witness knocks on their door?

text: show no interest in becoming members

question: What happens to a Jehovah's Witness that is determined to be "inactive"?

text: may be counseled by elders

question: How many people are baptized as a Jehovah's Witness each year?


text: The City of New York has an official television station run by the NYC Media Group and broadcasting from Bronx Community College, and Cablevision operates News 12 The Bronx, both of which feature programming based in the Bronx. Co-op City was the first area in the Bronx, and the first in New York beyond Manhattan, to have its own cable television provider. The local public-access television station BronxNet originates from Herbert H. Lehman College, the borough's only four year CUNY school, and provides government-access television (GATV) public affairs programming in addition to programming produced by Bronx residents.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: has

text: an

text: official

text: television

text: station

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: NYC

text: Media

text: Group

text: and

text: broadcasting

text: from

text: Bronx

text: Community

text: College

text: and

text: Cablevision

text: operates

text: News

text: The

text: Bronx

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: feature

text: programming

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: Co

text: op

text: City

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: beyond

text: Manhattan

text: to

text: have

text: its

text: own

text: cable

text: television

text: provider

text: The

text: local

text: public

text: access

text: television

text: station

text: BronxNet

text: originates

text: from

text: Herbert

text: H.

text: Lehman

text: College

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: only

text: four

text: year

text: CUNY

text: school

text: and

text: provides

text: government

text: access

text: television

text: GATV

text: public

text: affairs

text: programming

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: programming

text: produced

text: by

text: Bronx

text: residents

question: Where is the official city TV station broadcast from?

answer: Bronx Community College

text: Bronx Community College

question: What channel in the Bronx does Cablevision run?

answer: News 12 The Bronx

text: News 12 The Bronx

question: What is the Bronx's only 4-year CUNY college?

answer: Herbert H. Lehman College

text: Herbert H. Lehman College


text: In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture. With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: March

text: CBS

text: and

text: Sony

text: formed

text: CBS

text: Sony

text: Records

text: a

text: Japanese

text: business

text: joint

text: venture

text: With

text: Sony

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: developers

text: behind

text: the

text: compact

text: disc

text: digital

text: music

text: media

text: a

text: compact

text: disc

text: production

text: plant

text: was

text: constructed

text: in

text: Japan

text: under

text: the

text: joint

text: venture

text: allowing

text: CBS

text: to

text: begin

text: supplying

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: compact

text: disc

text: releases

text: for

text: the

text: American

text: market

text: in

question: In what year did CBS and Sony come together?

answer: 1968

question: In what year did CDs come to the American market?

answer: 1983

question: In March 1988, CBS and Sony formed what group?

text: CBS/Sony Records

question: CBS/Sony Records was a Chinese what?

text: business joint venture

question: A compact disc production plant was constructed in China under what?

text: the joint venture

question: ABC supplied some of the first compact disc releases in what year?

question: Some of the first compact disc releases hit the Chinese market in what year?


text: The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city. The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: reported

text: that

text: in

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: residents

text: were

text: under

text: and

text: were

text: and

text: over

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: median

text: age

text: was

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: residents

text: were

text: under

text: age

text: and

text: were

text: over

text: age

text: Millennials

text: ages

text: through

text: constitute

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: 's

text: population

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: percentage

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: U.S.

text: city

text: The

text: San

text: Diego

text: County

text: regional

text: planning

text: agency

text: SANDAG

text: provides

text: tables

text: and

text: graphs

text: breaking

text: down

text: the

text: city

text: population

text: into

text: age

text: groups

question: What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Diego?

answer: SANDAG

text: SANDAG

question: What percentage of San Diego's population was under the age of 18 in 2000?

answer: 24.0%

question: Which age group accounted for 10.5% of the population in 2000?

answer: 65 and over

text: 65 and over

question: In what year was the median age of residents in San Diego 35.6?

answer: 2011

question: What percentage of the population in 2011 were millenials?

answer: 27.1%

question: What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Francisco?

text: SANDAG

question: What percentage of San Diego's population was under the age of 18 in 2002?

question: Which age group accounted for 10.5% of the population in 2002?

text: 65 and over

question: In what year was the median age of residents in San Diego 36.5?

question: What percentage of the population in 2010 were millenials?


text: The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-branches, led by deputy assistant directors. Within these sub-branches there are various sections headed by section chiefs. Section chiefs are ranked analogous to special agents in charge.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: The

text: FBI

text: is

text: organized

text: into

text: functional

text: branches

text: and

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: Director

text: which

text: contains

text: most

text: administrative

text: offices

text: An

text: executive

text: assistant

text: director

text: manages

text: each

text: branch

text: Each

text: branch

text: is

text: then

text: divided

text: into

text: offices

text: and

text: divisions

text: each

text: headed

text: by

text: an

text: assistant

text: director

text: The

text: various

text: divisions

text: are

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: sub

text: branches

text: led

text: by

text: deputy

text: assistant

text: directors

text: Within

text: these

text: sub

text: branches

text: there

text: are

text: various

text: sections

text: headed

text: by

text: section

text: chiefs

text: Section

text: chiefs

text: are

text: ranked

text: analogous

text: to

text: special

text: agents

text: in

text: charge

question: What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?

answer: Office of the Director

text: Office of the Director

question: Who manages each FBI branch?

answer: An executive assistant director

text: An executive assistant director

question: What is a FBI branch divided into?

answer: offices and divisions

text: offices and divisions

question: Who heads an office or division?

answer: an assistant director

text: an assistant director

question: Who leaders the sub-divisions of offices or divisions?

answer: deputy assistant directors

text: deputy assistant directors

question: What office contains the CIA's administrative offices?

text: Office of the Director

question: Who manages each CIA branch?

text: executive assistant director

question: What is a CIA branch divided into?

text: offices and divisions

question: What contains only a few FBI administrative offices?

text: Office of the Director

question: What is not led by an executive assistant director?

text: branch


text: The theory that race is merely a social construct has been challenged by the findings of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine, published in the American Journal of Human Genetics as "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies". One of the researchers, Neil Risch, noted: "we looked at the correlation between genetic structure [based on microsatellite markers] versus self-description, we found 99.9% concordance between the two. We actually had a higher discordance rate between self-reported sex and markers on the X chromosome! So you could argue that sex is also a problematic category. And there are differences between sex and gender; self-identification may not be correlated with biology perfectly. And there is sexism."

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: The

text: theory

text: that

text: race

text: is

text: merely

text: a

text: social

text: construct

text: has

text: been

text: challenged

text: by

text: the

text: findings

text: of

text: researchers

text: at

text: the

text: Stanford

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Journal

text: of

text: Human

text: Genetics

text: as

text: Genetic

text: Structure

text: Self

text: Identified

text: Race

text: Ethnicity

text: and

text: Confounding

text: in

text: Case

text: Control

text: Association

text: Studies

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: researchers

text: Neil

text: Risch

text: noted

text: we

text: looked

text: at

text: the

text: correlation

text: between

text: genetic

text: structure

text: based

text: on

text: microsatellite

text: markers

text: versus

text: self

text: description

text: we

text: found

text: concordance

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: We

text: actually

text: had

text: a

text: higher

text: discordance

text: rate

text: between

text: self

text: reported

text: sex

text: and

text: markers

text: on

text: the

text: X

text: chromosome

text: So

text: you

text: could

text: argue

text: that

text: sex

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: problematic

text: category

text: And

text: there

text: are

text: differences

text: between

text: sex

text: and

text: gender

text: self

text: identification

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: correlated

text: with

text: biology

text: perfectly

text: And

text: there

text: is

text: sexism

question: Researchers from which university challenged the theory of race being only a social construct?

answer: Stanford

text: Stanford

question: Where was the challenge to the theory of racing being a social construct published?

answer: the American Journal of Human Genetics

text: the American Journal of Human Genetics

question: Neil Risch found a 99.9% agree between genetic structure and people's description of their what?

answer: self

text: self

question: What is a problematic category in addition to race?

answer: sex

text: sex

question: What may self-identification not correlate with precisely?

answer: biology

text: biology


text: During the Age of Enlightenment, Freemasons comprised an international network of like-minded men, often meeting in secret in ritualistic programs at their lodges. they promoted the ideals of the Enlightenment, and helped diffuse these values across Britain and France and other places. Freemasonry as a systematic creed with its own myths, values and set of rituals originated in Scotland around 1600 and spread first to England and then across the Continent in the eighteenth century. They fostered new codes of conduct – including a communal understanding of liberty and equality inherited from guild sociability – "liberty, fraternity, and equality" Scottish soldiers and Jacobite Scots brought to the Continent ideals of fraternity which reflected not the local system of Scottish customs but the institutions and ideals originating in the English Revolution against royal absolutism. Freemasonry was particularly prevalent in France – by 1789, there were perhaps as many as 100,000 French Masons, making Freemasonry the most popular of all Enlightenment associations. The Freemasons displayed a passion for secrecy and created new degrees and ceremonies. Similar societies, partially imitating Freemasonry, emerged in France, Germany, Sweden and Russia. One example was the "Illuminati" founded in Bavaria in 1776, which was copied after the Freemasons but was never part of the movement. The Illuminati was an overtly political group, which most Masonic lodges decidedly were not.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: During

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: Freemasons

text: comprised

text: an

text: international

text: network

text: of

text: like

text: minded

text: men

text: often

text: meeting

text: in

text: secret

text: in

text: ritualistic

text: programs

text: at

text: their

text: lodges

text: they

text: promoted

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: and

text: helped

text: diffuse

text: these

text: values

text: across

text: Britain

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: other

text: places

text: Freemasonry

text: as

text: a

text: systematic

text: creed

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: myths

text: values

text: and

text: set

text: of

text: rituals

text: originated

text: in

text: Scotland

text: around

text: and

text: spread

text: first

text: to

text: England

text: and

text: then

text: across

text: the

text: Continent

text: in

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: They

text: fostered

text: new

text: codes

text: of

text: conduct

text: including

text: a

text: communal

text: understanding

text: of

text: liberty

text: and

text: equality

text: inherited

text: from

text: guild

text: sociability

text: liberty

text: fraternity

text: and

text: equality

text: Scottish

text: soldiers

text: and

text: Jacobite

text: Scots

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: Continent

text: ideals

text: of

text: fraternity

text: which

text: reflected

text: not

text: the

text: local

text: system

text: of

text: Scottish

text: customs

text: but

text: the

text: institutions

text: and

text: ideals

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Revolution

text: against

text: royal

text: absolutism

text: Freemasonry

text: was

text: particularly

text: prevalent

text: in

text: France

text: by

text: there

text: were

text: perhaps

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: French

text: Masons

text: making

text: Freemasonry

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: of

text: all

text: Enlightenment

text: associations

text: The

text: Freemasons

text: displayed

text: a

text: passion

text: for

text: secrecy

text: and

text: created

text: new

text: degrees

text: and

text: ceremonies

text: Similar

text: societies

text: partially

text: imitating

text: Freemasonry

text: emerged

text: in

text: France

text: Germany

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Russia

text: One

text: example

text: was

text: the

text: Illuminati

text: founded

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: copied

text: after

text: the

text: Freemasons

text: but

text: was

text: never

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: movement

text: The

text: Illuminati

text: was

text: an

text: overtly

text: political

text: group

text: which

text: most

text: Masonic

text: lodges

text: decidedly

text: were

text: not

question: Where did Freemasonry originate?

answer: Scotland

text: Scotland

question: Where did Freemasonry first spread?

answer: England

text: England

question: In what country was Freemaonry particularly prevalent?

answer: France

text: France

question: What was the most popular of all Enlightenment associations?

answer: Freemasonry

text: Freemasonry

question: Which group was copied from the Freemasons and founded in Bavaria in 1776?

answer: Illuminati

text: Illuminati