text: Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Official

text: figures

text: as

text: of

text: July

text: CST

text: stated

text: that

text: were

text: confirmed

text: dead

text: including

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: province

text: and

text: injured

text: with

text: listed

text: as

text: missing

text: The

text: earthquake

text: left

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: homeless

text: though

text: the

text: number

text: could

text: be

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: million

text: Approximately

text: million

text: people

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: affected

text: area

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: deadliest

text: earthquake

text: to

text: hit

text: China

text: since

text: the

text: Tangshan

text: earthquake

text: which

text: killed

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: strongest

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: since

text: the

text: Chayu

text: earthquake

text: which

text: registered

text: at

text: on

text: the

text: Richter

text: magnitude

text: scale

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: deadliest

text: earthquake

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: spend

text: trillion

text: RMB

text: about

text: US

text: billion

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: three

text: years

text: to

text: rebuild

text: areas

text: ravaged

text: by

text: the

text: earthquake

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: economic

text: stimulus

text: program

question: How many people were confirmed dead?

answer: 69,197

question: How many people were confirmed dead only in the Sichuan province?

answer: 68,636

question: How many people were left homeless because of the earthquake?

answer: 4.8 million

text: 4.8 million

question: How many people lived in the affected area?

answer: 15 million

text: 15 million

question: How much money was dedicated to rebuild ravaged areas?

answer: 1 trillion RMB

text: 1 trillion RMB

question: How many people died in Sichuan Province?

answer: 68,636

question: How many were injured in Sichuan?

answer: 374,176

question: How many people are listed as missing?

answer: 18,222

question: How many people are homeless because of the quake?

answer: 4.8 million

text: 4.8 million

question: How high could the homeless number possibly go?

answer: 11 million

text: 11 million


text: The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus, Iberian Peninsula. During the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786 to 809), the legendary House of Wisdom was inaugurated in Baghdad where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world's knowledge into Arabic. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge. The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: The

text: Islamic

text: Golden

text: Age

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: starting

text: with

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Islamic

text: state

text: in

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: age

text: is

text: variously

text: given

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: Mongolian

text: Sack

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: or

text: with

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Reconquista

text: of

text: the

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Granada

text: in

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: During

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Abbasid

text: caliph

text: Harun

text: ar

text: Rashid

text: to

text: the

text: legendary

text: House

text: of

text: Wisdom

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: Baghdad

text: where

text: scholars

text: from

text: various

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: sought

text: to

text: translate

text: and

text: gather

text: all

text: the

text: known

text: world

text: 's

text: knowledge

text: into

text: Arabic

text: The

text: Abbasids

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Quranic

text: injunctions

text: and

text: hadiths

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ink

text: of

text: a

text: scholar

text: is

text: more

text: holy

text: than

text: the

text: blood

text: of

text: a

text: martyr

text: that

text: stressed

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: knowledge

text: The

text: major

text: Islamic

text: capital

text: cities

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: Cairo

text: and

text: Córdoba

text: became

text: the

text: main

text: intellectual

text: centers

text: for

text: science

text: philosophy

text: medicine

text: and

text: education

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: was

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: cultures

text: they

text: drew

text: together

text: and

text: advanced

text: the

text: knowledge

text: gained

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Roman

text: Persian

text: Chinese

text: Indian

text: Egyptian

text: and

text: Phoenician

text: civilizations

question: When did the Islamic Golden age start?

answer: 622

question: What other age occurred at the same time as the Islamic Golden Age?

answer: the Middle Ages

text: the Middle Ages

question: There what is the latest year for the end of the Islamic Golden Age?

answer: 1492

question: What years did Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid reign?

answer: 786 to 809

text: 786 to 809

question: Where was the House of Wisdom held?

answer: Baghdad

text: Baghdad

question: What State was first established in the 6th century?

text: first Islamic state

question: What golden age occurred at the same time as the Middle Ages?

text: The Islamic Golden Age

question: What did the Mongolians sack in the 12th century?

text: Baghdad

question: What did the Christians reconquer in 1492?

question: What caliph reigned in the 7th and 8th century?

text: Harun ar-Rashid


text: Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as one of the largest telecommunications companies in Southeast Europe. Since 2011, the company's major shareholder is Deutsche Telekom with a 40% stake, while the Greek state continues to own 10% of the company's shares. OTE owns several subsidiaries across the Balkans, including Cosmote, Greece's top mobile telecommunications provider, Cosmote Romania and Albanian Mobile Communications.

title: Economy_of_Greece

title: Economy_of_Greece

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: telephone

text: communications

text: in

text: Greece

text: were

text: a

text: state

text: monopoly

text: by

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Telecommunications

text: Organization

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: acronym

text: OTE

text: Despite

text: the

text: liberalization

text: of

text: telephone

text: communications

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: OTE

text: still

text: dominates

text: the

text: Greek

text: market

text: in

text: its

text: field

text: and

text: has

text: emerged

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: telecommunications

text: companies

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Since

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: major

text: shareholder

text: is

text: Deutsche

text: Telekom

text: with

text: a

text: stake

text: while

text: the

text: Greek

text: state

text: continues

text: to

text: own

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: shares

text: OTE

text: owns

text: several

text: subsidiaries

text: across

text: the

text: Balkans

text: including

text: Cosmote

text: Greece

text: 's

text: top

text: mobile

text: telecommunications

text: provider

text: Cosmote

text: Romania

text: and

text: Albanian

text: Mobile

text: Communications

question: Who ran the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s?

answer: state

text: state

question: What was the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization better known by the acronym of?

answer: OTE

text: OTE

question: When did the liberalization of the telephone communications in Greece happen?

answer: 1980s

question: What company has a 40% stake in OTE?

answer: Deutsche Telekom

text: Deutsche Telekom

question: How many shares of OTE does the Greek state own?

answer: 10%

question: Who removed the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s?

text: state

question: What was the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization not known as well by the acronym of?

text: OTE

question: When did the liberalization of the telephone communications in Greece become impossible?

question: What company lost a 40% stake in OTE?

text: Deutsche Telekom

question: How many shares of OTE does the Greek state sell?


text: Strong, royalty-based nation states rose throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula: Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the period strengthened royal control over their kingdoms and were extremely hard on the peasantry. Kings profited from warfare that extended royal legislation and increased the lands they directly controlled. Paying for the wars required that methods of taxation become more effective and efficient, and the rate of taxation often increased. The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Strong

text: royalty

text: based

text: nation

text: states

text: rose

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: particularly

text: in

text: England

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Christian

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: Aragon

text: Castile

text: and

text: Portugal

text: The

text: long

text: conflicts

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: strengthened

text: royal

text: control

text: over

text: their

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: were

text: extremely

text: hard

text: on

text: the

text: peasantry

text: Kings

text: profited

text: from

text: warfare

text: that

text: extended

text: royal

text: legislation

text: and

text: increased

text: the

text: lands

text: they

text: directly

text: controlled

text: Paying

text: for

text: the

text: wars

text: required

text: that

text: methods

text: of

text: taxation

text: become

text: more

text: effective

text: and

text: efficient

text: and

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: taxation

text: often

text: increased

text: The

text: requirement

text: to

text: obtain

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: taxpayers

text: allowed

text: representative

text: bodies

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: English

text: Parliament

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: Estates

text: General

text: to

text: gain

text: power

text: and

text: authority

question: Along with Aragon and Castile, what Christian kingdom was present on the Iberian Peninsula?

answer: Portugal

text: Portugal

question: Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period?

answer: Paying for the wars

text: Paying for the wars

question: What English representative body provided consent for royal taxation?

answer: Parliament

text: Parliament

question: What French body was similar in purpose to the English Parliament?

answer: Estates General

text: Estates General

question: What social class was harmed by the lengthy wars of this era?

answer: the peasantry

text: the peasantry


text: Education remained mostly focused on the training of future clergy. The basic learning of the letters and numbers remained the province of the family or a village priest, but the secondary subjects of the trivium—grammar, rhetoric, logic—were studied in cathedral schools or in schools provided by cities. Commercial secondary schools spread, and some Italian towns had more than one such enterprise. Universities also spread throughout Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. Lay literacy rates rose, but were still low; one estimate gave a literacy rate of ten per cent of males and one per cent of females in 1500.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Education

text: remained

text: mostly

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: training

text: of

text: future

text: clergy

text: The

text: basic

text: learning

text: of

text: the

text: letters

text: and

text: numbers

text: remained

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: or

text: a

text: village

text: priest

text: but

text: the

text: secondary

text: subjects

text: of

text: the

text: trivium

text: grammar

text: rhetoric

text: logic

text: were

text: studied

text: in

text: cathedral

text: schools

text: or

text: in

text: schools

text: provided

text: by

text: cities

text: Commercial

text: secondary

text: schools

text: spread

text: and

text: some

text: Italian

text: towns

text: had

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: such

text: enterprise

text: Universities

text: also

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Lay

text: literacy

text: rates

text: rose

text: but

text: were

text: still

text: low

text: one

text: estimate

text: gave

text: a

text: literacy

text: rate

text: of

text: ten

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: males

text: and

text: one

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: females

text: in

question: What was the main purpose of education in this period?

answer: training of future clergy

text: training of future clergy

question: Along with rhetoric and logic, what constituted the trivium?

answer: grammar

text: grammar

question: About what percentage of European men were literate in 1500?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: In 1500, approximately what percent of European women could read?

answer: one

text: one

question: Along with their family, who typically taught a child letters and numbers?

answer: a village priest

text: a village priest


text: One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight." Because they do not examine the source code, there are situations when a tester writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only one test case, or leaves some parts of the program untested.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: One

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: black

text: box

text: technique

text: is

text: that

text: no

text: programming

text: knowledge

text: is

text: required

text: Whatever

text: biases

text: the

text: programmers

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: the

text: tester

text: likely

text: has

text: a

text: different

text: set

text: and

text: may

text: emphasize

text: different

text: areas

text: of

text: functionality

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: black

text: box

text: testing

text: has

text: been

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: like

text: a

text: walk

text: in

text: a

text: dark

text: labyrinth

text: without

text: a

text: flashlight

text: Because

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: examine

text: the

text: source

text: code

text: there

text: are

text: situations

text: when

text: a

text: tester

text: writes

text: many

text: test

text: cases

text: to

text: check

text: something

text: that

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: tested

text: by

text: only

text: one

text: test

text: case

text: or

text: leaves

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: untested

question: What is one huge advantage to using the black-box method?

answer: no programming knowledge is required

text: no programming knowledge is required

question: What can black-box testing sometimes be referred to with the in-ability to see the code?

answer: like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight.

text: like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight.

question: What is a good reason to have testers and developers separate?

answer: tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality

text: tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality

question: What knowledge is required for the black box technique?

text: programming

question: Black-box coding has been compared to what?

question: Some parts of the program can remain untested because the what law is not examined?

text: source

question: Testers and developers are kept together for what reason?


text: While the new technique of polyphony was developing in the West, the Eastern Orthodox Church resisted any type of change. Therefore, Byzantine music remained monophonic and without any form of instrumental accompaniment. As a result, and despite certain attempts by certain Greek chanters (such as Manouel Gazis, Ioannis Plousiadinos or the Cypriot Ieronimos o Tragoudistis), Byzantine music was deprived of elements of which in the West encouraged an unimpeded development of art. However, this method which kept music away from polyphony, along with centuries of continuous culture, enabled monophonic music to develop to the greatest heights of perfection. Byzantium presented the monophonic Byzantine chant; a melodic treasury of inestimable value for its rhythmical variety and expressive power.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: While

text: the

text: new

text: technique

text: of

text: polyphony

text: was

text: developing

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: resisted

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: change

text: Therefore

text: Byzantine

text: music

text: remained

text: monophonic

text: and

text: without

text: any

text: form

text: of

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: and

text: despite

text: certain

text: attempts

text: by

text: certain

text: Greek

text: chanters

text: such

text: as

text: Manouel

text: Gazis

text: Ioannis

text: Plousiadinos

text: or

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: Ieronimos

text: o

text: Tragoudistis

text: Byzantine

text: music

text: was

text: deprived

text: of

text: elements

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: encouraged

text: an

text: unimpeded

text: development

text: of

text: art

text: However

text: this

text: method

text: which

text: kept

text: music

text: away

text: from

text: polyphony

text: along

text: with

text: centuries

text: of

text: continuous

text: culture

text: enabled

text: monophonic

text: music

text: to

text: develop

text: to

text: the

text: greatest

text: heights

text: of

text: perfection

text: Byzantium

text: presented

text: the

text: monophonic

text: Byzantine

text: chant

text: a

text: melodic

text: treasury

text: of

text: inestimable

text: value

text: for

text: its

text: rhythmical

text: variety

text: and

text: expressive

text: power

question: The Eastern Orthodox Church resisted what change in music?

answer: polyphony

text: polyphony

question: Music without any form of instrumental accompaniment is known as what?

answer: monophonic

text: monophonic

question: One type of music derived from Byzantine is called what?

answer: Byzantine chant

text: Byzantine chant


text: Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France (since 1973), Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany (since 1991), Trieste in Italy (since 2002); Hampton, Virginia in USA, Qingdao in China (since 1998), and Busan in South Korea (since 1978).

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: City

text: Council

text: has

text: developed

text: twinning

text: links

text: with

text: Le

text: Havre

text: in

text: France

text: since

text: Rems

text: Murr

text: Kreis

text: in

text: Germany

text: since

text: Trieste

text: in

text: Italy

text: since

text: Hampton

text: Virginia

text: in

text: USA

text: Qingdao

text: in

text: China

text: since

text: and

text: Busan

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: since

question: What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?

answer: Le Havre

text: Le Havre

question: Which Italian city did Southampton City Council establish a twinning link with in 2002?

answer: Trieste

text: Trieste

question: What's the only city in the USA with a twinning link to Southampton City Council?

answer: Hampton, Virginia

text: Hampton, Virginia

question: What year did Southampton City Council link with Busan, South Korea?

answer: 1978

question: In what country does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with Rems-Murr-Kreis?

answer: Germany

text: Germany


text: Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah, Medley, and inner-city Miami with suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami and urban Kendall via the central business districts of Miami International Airport, the Civic Center, and Downtown. A free, elevated people mover, Metromover, operates 21 stations on three different lines in greater Downtown Miami, with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell. Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami-Dade County.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Miami

text: 's

text: heavy

text: rail

text: rapid

text: transit

text: system

text: Metrorail

text: is

text: an

text: elevated

text: system

text: comprising

text: two

text: lines

text: and

text: stations

text: on

text: a

text: km)-long

text: line

text: Metrorail

text: connects

text: the

text: urban

text: western

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Hialeah

text: Medley

text: and

text: inner

text: city

text: Miami

text: with

text: suburban

text: The

text: Roads

text: Coconut

text: Grove

text: Coral

text: Gables

text: South

text: Miami

text: and

text: urban

text: Kendall

text: via

text: the

text: central

text: business

text: districts

text: of

text: Miami

text: International

text: Airport

text: the

text: Civic

text: Center

text: and

text: Downtown

text: A

text: free

text: elevated

text: people

text: mover

text: Metromover

text: operates

text: stations

text: on

text: three

text: different

text: lines

text: in

text: greater

text: Downtown

text: Miami

text: with

text: a

text: station

text: at

text: roughly

text: every

text: two

text: blocks

text: of

text: Downtown

text: and

text: Brickell

text: Several

text: expansion

text: projects

text: are

text: being

text: funded

text: by

text: a

text: transit

text: development

text: sales

text: tax

text: surcharge

text: throughout

text: Miami

text: Dade

text: County

question: What is the name of Miami's heavy-rail system?

answer: Metrorail

text: Metrorail

question: How many miles long is Metrorail?

answer: 24.4

question: How many stations does Metrorail have?

answer: 23

question: How many lines does Metromover have?

answer: three

text: three

question: How much does it cost to use Metromover?

answer: free

text: free

question: What is the name of Miami's light-rail system?

text: Metrorail

question: How many yards long is Metrorail?

question: How many stations doesn't Metrorail have?

question: How many lines doesn't Metromover have?

text: three

question: How much doesn't it cost to use Metromover?

text: free


text: The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone, Saxon for south farm, located at the present day Barbican. From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough. In 1254 it gained status as a town and in 1439, became the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament. Between 1439 and 1934, Plymouth had a Mayor. In 1914 the county boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse merged to form a single county borough of Plymouth. Collectively they were referred to as "The Three Towns".

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: The

text: first

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: settlement

text: at

text: Plymouth

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: Domesday

text: Book

text: in

text: as

text: Sudtone

text: Saxon

text: for

text: south

text: farm

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Barbican

text: From

text: Saxon

text: times

text: it

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: hundred

text: of

text: Roborough

text: In

text: it

text: gained

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: town

text: and

text: in

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: town

text: in

text: England

text: to

text: be

text: granted

text: a

text: Charter

text: by

text: Parliament

text: Between

text: and

text: Plymouth

text: had

text: a

text: Mayor

text: In

text: the

text: county

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: Devonport

text: and

text: the

text: urban

text: district

text: of

text: East

text: Stonehouse

text: merged

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: single

text: county

text: borough

text: of

text: Plymouth

text: Collectively

text: they

text: were

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Three

text: Towns

question: In what text was the presence of a settlement in the Plymouth area first recorded?

answer: Domesday Book

text: Domesday Book

question: In what year was the Domesday Book compiled?

answer: 1086

question: What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book?

answer: Sudtone

text: Sudtone

question: In what year was Plymouth recognized as a town?

answer: 1254

question: In what year did Parliament bestow a Charter on Plymouth?

answer: 1439


text: They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: They

text: formed

text: and

text: identified

text: with

text: various

text: religious

text: groups

text: advocating

text: greater

text: purity

text: of

text: worship

text: and

text: doctrine

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: personal

text: and

text: group

text: piety

text: Puritans

text: adopted

text: a

text: Reformed

text: theology

text: but

text: they

text: also

text: took

text: note

text: of

text: radical

text: criticisms

text: of

text: Zwingli

text: in

text: Zurich

text: and

text: Calvin

text: in

text: Geneva

text: In

text: church

text: polity

text: some

text: advocated

text: for

text: separation

text: from

text: all

text: other

text: Christians

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: autonomous

text: gathered

text: churches

text: These

text: separatist

text: and

text: independent

text: strands

text: of

text: Puritanism

text: became

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: the

text: supporters

text: of

text: a

text: Presbyterian

text: polity

text: in

text: the

text: Westminster

text: Assembly

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: forge

text: a

text: new

text: English

text: national

text: church

question: What type of theology did Puritans accept?

answer: Reformed

text: Reformed

question: When did separatists become powerful in Puritanism?

answer: the 1640s

text: the 1640s

question: What types of piety did the Puritans advocate?

answer: personal and group

text: personal and group

question: Where was Calvin criticized?

answer: Geneva

text: Geneva

question: At what gathering were supporters unsuccessful in establishing a new national church?

answer: the Westminster Assembly

text: the Westminster Assembly


text: Glaciers end in ice caves (the Rhone Glacier), by trailing into a lake or river, or by shedding snowmelt on a meadow. Sometimes a piece of glacier will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life. In the 17th century about 2500 people were killed by an avalanche in a village on the French-Italian border; in the 19th century 120 homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Glaciers

text: end

text: in

text: ice

text: caves

text: the

text: Rhone

text: Glacier

text: by

text: trailing

text: into

text: a

text: lake

text: or

text: river

text: or

text: by

text: shedding

text: snowmelt

text: on

text: a

text: meadow

text: Sometimes

text: a

text: piece

text: of

text: glacier

text: will

text: detach

text: or

text: break

text: resulting

text: in

text: flooding

text: property

text: damage

text: and

text: loss

text: of

text: life

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: about

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: by

text: an

text: avalanche

text: in

text: a

text: village

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: Italian

text: border

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: homes

text: in

text: a

text: village

text: near

text: Zermatt

text: were

text: destroyed

text: by

text: an

text: avalanche

question: What causes flooding, property damage, and loss of life?

answer: a piece of glacier will detach or break

text: a piece of glacier will detach or break

question: What killed about 2500 people in the 17th century?

answer: an avalanche

text: an avalanche

question: How many homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche in the 19th century?

answer: 120 homes

text: 120 homes


text: In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries led to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms, from which the term "Romanesque" is derived. Where available, Roman brick and stone buildings were recycled for their materials. From the tentative beginnings known as the First Romanesque, the style flourished and spread across Europe in a remarkably homogeneous form. Just before 1000 there was a great wave of building stone churches all over Europe. Romanesque buildings have massive stone walls, openings topped by semi-circular arches, small windows, and, particularly in France, arched stone vaults. The large portal with coloured sculpture in high relief became a central feature of façades, especially in France, and the capitals of columns were often carved with narrative scenes of imaginative monsters and animals. According to art historian C. R. Dodwell, "virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall-paintings", of which few survive. Simultaneous with the development in church architecture, the distinctive European form of the castle was developed, and became crucial to politics and warfare.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: churches

text: and

text: monasteries

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: stone

text: architecture

text: that

text: elaborated

text: vernacular

text: Roman

text: forms

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: term

text: Romanesque

text: is

text: derived

text: Where

text: available

text: Roman

text: brick

text: and

text: stone

text: buildings

text: were

text: recycled

text: for

text: their

text: materials

text: From

text: the

text: tentative

text: beginnings

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: Romanesque

text: the

text: style

text: flourished

text: and

text: spread

text: across

text: Europe

text: in

text: a

text: remarkably

text: homogeneous

text: form

text: Just

text: before

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: great

text: wave

text: of

text: building

text: stone

text: churches

text: all

text: over

text: Europe

text: Romanesque

text: buildings

text: have

text: massive

text: stone

text: walls

text: openings

text: topped

text: by

text: semi

text: circular

text: arches

text: small

text: windows

text: and

text: particularly

text: in

text: France

text: arched

text: stone

text: vaults

text: The

text: large

text: portal

text: with

text: coloured

text: sculpture

text: in

text: high

text: relief

text: became

text: a

text: central

text: feature

text: of

text: façades

text: especially

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: capitals

text: of

text: columns

text: were

text: often

text: carved

text: with

text: narrative

text: scenes

text: of

text: imaginative

text: monsters

text: and

text: animals

text: According

text: to

text: art

text: historian

text: C.

text: R.

text: Dodwell

text: virtually

text: all

text: the

text: churches

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: were

text: decorated

text: with

text: wall

text: paintings

text: of

text: which

text: few

text: survive

text: Simultaneous

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: in

text: church

text: architecture

text: the

text: distinctive

text: European

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: castle

text: was

text: developed

text: and

text: became

text: crucial

text: to

text: politics

text: and

text: warfare

question: In what century was Romanesque architecture first used?

answer: 10th

question: What feature of Romanesque architecture was especially prevalent in France?

answer: arched stone vaults

text: arched stone vaults

question: Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?

answer: C. R. Dodwell

text: C. R. Dodwell

question: What non-church architectural structure developed in the 10th century?

answer: the castle

text: the castle

question: Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?

answer: 1000


text: Han Chinese farmers were resettled from north China by the Qing to the area along the Liao River in order to restore the land to cultivation. Wasteland was reclaimed by Han Chinese squatters in addition to other Han who rented land from Manchu landlords. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement on the Manchu and Mongol lands, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han refugees from northern China who were suffering from famine, floods, and drought into Manchuria and Inner Mongolia so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in Manchuria and tens of thousands of hectares in Inner Mongolia by the 1780s. Qianlong allowed Han Chinese peasants suffering from drought to move into Manchuria despite him issuing edicts in favor of banning them from 1740–1776. Chinese tenant farmers rented or even claimed title to land from the "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands in the area. Besides moving into the Liao area in southern Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's rule, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. To increase the Imperial Treasury's revenue, the Qing sold formerly Manchu only lands along the Sungari to Han Chinese at the beginning of the Daoguang Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese filled up most of Manchuria's towns by the 1840s according to Abbe Huc.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: farmers

text: were

text: resettled

text: from

text: north

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: Qing

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: along

text: the

text: Liao

text: River

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: restore

text: the

text: land

text: to

text: cultivation

text: Wasteland

text: was

text: reclaimed

text: by

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: squatters

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: other

text: Han

text: who

text: rented

text: land

text: from

text: Manchu

text: landlords

text: Despite

text: officially

text: prohibiting

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: settlement

text: on

text: the

text: Manchu

text: and

text: Mongol

text: lands

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Qing

text: decided

text: to

text: settle

text: Han

text: refugees

text: from

text: northern

text: China

text: who

text: were

text: suffering

text: from

text: famine

text: floods

text: and

text: drought

text: into

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: so

text: that

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: farmed

text: hectares

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: hectares

text: in

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: by

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: allowed

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: peasants

text: suffering

text: from

text: drought

text: to

text: move

text: into

text: Manchuria

text: despite

text: him

text: issuing

text: edicts

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: banning

text: them

text: from

text: Chinese

text: tenant

text: farmers

text: rented

text: or

text: even

text: claimed

text: title

text: to

text: land

text: from

text: the

text: imperial

text: estates

text: and

text: Manchu

text: Bannerlands

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: Besides

text: moving

text: into

text: the

text: Liao

text: area

text: in

text: southern

text: Manchuria

text: the

text: path

text: linking

text: Jinzhou

text: Fengtian

text: Tieling

text: Changchun

text: Hulun

text: and

text: Ningguta

text: was

text: settled

text: by

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: during

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: rule

text: and

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: were

text: the

text: majority

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: by

text: To

text: increase

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Treasury

text: 's

text: revenue

text: the

text: Qing

text: sold

text: formerly

text: Manchu

text: only

text: lands

text: along

text: the

text: Sungari

text: to

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Daoguang

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: reign

text: and

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: filled

text: up

text: most

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: 's

text: towns

text: by

text: the

text: according

text: to

text: Abbe

text: Huc

question: Where were starving Han sent by the Qing?

answer: Manchuria and Inner Mongolia

text: Manchuria and Inner Mongolia

question: How much land did the Han farm in Inner Mongolia?

answer: tens of thousands of hectares

text: tens of thousands of hectares

question: What other types of land were the Han allowed to farm?

answer: "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands

text: "imperial estates" and Manchu Bannerlands

question: Who was the emperor in the later half of the 18th century?

answer: Qianlong

text: Qianlong

question: What ethnicity was the majority in urban Manchuria?

answer: Han Chinese

text: Han Chinese


text: In the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the Bernese Oberland. Chalets often face south or downhill, and are built of solid wood, with a steeply gabled roof to allow accumulated snow to slide off easily. Stairs leading to upper levels are sometimes built on the outside, and balconies are sometimes enclosed.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: In

text: the

text: high

text: villages

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: homes

text: built

text: according

text: to

text: medieval

text: designs

text: that

text: withstand

text: cold

text: winters

text: The

text: kitchen

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: living

text: area

text: called

text: the

text: stube

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: heated

text: by

text: a

text: stove

text: and

text: second

text: floor

text: bedrooms

text: benefit

text: from

text: rising

text: heat

text: The

text: typical

text: Swiss

text: chalet

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Oberland

text: Chalets

text: often

text: face

text: south

text: or

text: downhill

text: and

text: are

text: built

text: of

text: solid

text: wood

text: with

text: a

text: steeply

text: gabled

text: roof

text: to

text: allow

text: accumulated

text: snow

text: to

text: slide

text: off

text: easily

text: Stairs

text: leading

text: to

text: upper

text: levels

text: are

text: sometimes

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: and

text: balconies

text: are

text: sometimes

text: enclosed

question: What do people in high villages build their homes according to?

answer: medieval designs that withstand cold winters

text: medieval designs that withstand cold winters

question: What is the area of the home heated by a stove called?

answer: the stube

text: the stube

question: The typic Swiss chalet originated from where?

answer: the Bernese Oberland

text: the Bernese Oberland

question: Which direction do Chalets often face?

answer: south or downhill

text: south or downhill

question: What are Chalets built of?

answer: solid wood

text: solid wood


text: The patent examiner, Zenas Fisk Wilber, later stated in an affidavit that he was an alcoholic who was much in debt to Bell's lawyer, Marcellus Bailey, with whom he had served in the Civil War. He claimed he showed Gray's patent caveat to Bailey. Wilber also claimed (after Bell arrived in Washington D.C. from Boston) that he showed Gray's caveat to Bell and that Bell paid him $100. Bell claimed they discussed the patent only in general terms, although in a letter to Gray, Bell admitted that he learned some of the technical details. Bell denied in an affidavit that he ever gave Wilber any money.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: The

text: patent

text: examiner

text: Zenas

text: Fisk

text: Wilber

text: later

text: stated

text: in

text: an

text: affidavit

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: an

text: alcoholic

text: who

text: was

text: much

text: in

text: debt

text: to

text: Bell

text: 's

text: lawyer

text: Marcellus

text: Bailey

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: had

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: He

text: claimed

text: he

text: showed

text: Gray

text: 's

text: patent

text: caveat

text: to

text: Bailey

text: Wilber

text: also

text: claimed

text: after

text: Bell

text: arrived

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: from

text: Boston

text: that

text: he

text: showed

text: Gray

text: 's

text: caveat

text: to

text: Bell

text: and

text: that

text: Bell

text: paid

text: him

text: Bell

text: claimed

text: they

text: discussed

text: the

text: patent

text: only

text: in

text: general

text: terms

text: although

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: Gray

text: Bell

text: admitted

text: that

text: he

text: learned

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: technical

text: details

text: Bell

text: denied

text: in

text: an

text: affidavit

text: that

text: he

text: ever

text: gave

text: Wilber

text: any

text: money

question: Who declared himself an alcoholic?

answer: Zenas Fisk Wilber

text: Zenas Fisk Wilber

question: In what war did Wilber and Bailey fight together?

answer: Civil War

text: Civil War

question: How much did Wilber say Bell gave him in order to look at Gray's paperwork?

answer: $100

question: What did Bell only admit to knowing in a letter?

answer: technical details

text: technical details


text: The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip archives in disguise[citation needed]. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development. Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-based games.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: The

text: games

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: .ipg

text: files

text: which

text: are

text: actually

text: .zip

text: archives

text: in

text: disguise[citation

text: needed

text: When

text: unzipped

text: they

text: reveal

text: executable

text: files

text: along

text: with

text: common

text: audio

text: and

text: image

text: files

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: possibility

text: of

text: third

text: party

text: games

text: Apple

text: has

text: not

text: publicly

text: released

text: a

text: software

text: development

text: kit

text: SDK

text: for

text: iPod

text: specific

text: development

text: Apps

text: produced

text: with

text: the

text: iPhone

text: SDK

text: are

text: compatible

text: only

text: with

text: the

text: iOS

text: on

text: the

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: and

text: iPhone

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: run

text: clickwheel

text: based

text: games

question: What format is used for iPod game files?

answer: .ipg

text: .ipg

question: What file format is being covered up by the use of ipg files?

answer: .zip

text: .zip

question: What does SDK stand for?

answer: software development kit

text: software development kit

question: What is the only operating system on which iPhone SDK-made games can be played?

answer: iOS

text: iOS

question: What file format are iPod games distributed in?

answer: .ipg

text: .ipg

question: An app produced with the iPhone SDK can only run on what devices?

answer: iPod Touch and iPhone

text: iPod Touch and iPhone

question: Is the Apple SDK available to third-party game publishers?

answer: not

text: not


text: Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation – 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, and is expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25 years. Hydroelectric plants have the advantage of being long-lived and many existing plants have operated for more than 100 years.

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

title: Renewable_energy_commercialization

text: Hydroelectricity

text: is

text: the

text: term

text: referring

text: to

text: electricity

text: generated

text: by

text: hydropower

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: electrical

text: power

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: gravitational

text: force

text: of

text: falling

text: or

text: flowing

text: water

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: form

text: of

text: renewable

text: energy

text: accounting

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: global

text: electricity

text: generation

text: terawatt

text: hours

text: of

text: electricity

text: production

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: increase

text: about

text: each

text: year

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: Hydroelectric

text: plants

text: have

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: being

text: long

text: lived

text: and

text: many

text: existing

text: plants

text: have

text: operated

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: years

question: What is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower?

answer: Hydroelectricity

text: Hydroelectricity

question: What is the most widely used form of renewable energy?

answer: Hydroelectricity

text: Hydroelectricity

question: Hydroelectricity accounts for what percentage of global electricity generation?

answer: Hydroelectricity

text: Hydroelectricity

question: Electricity production is expected to increase by what percentage each year for the next 25 years?

answer: 3.1%

question: What is the term not referring to electricity generated by hydropower?

text: Hydroelectricity

question: What is the term referring to electricity generated by non-hydropower?

text: Hydroelectricity

question: What is the least widely used form of renewable energy?

text: Hydroelectricity

question: Non-hydroelectricity accounts for what percentage of global electricity generation?

text: 16 percent

question: Electricity production is expected to increase by what percentage each year for the next 15 years?


text: In May 2008, the National Archives announced a five-year agreement to digitize selected records including the complete U.S. Federal Census Collection, 1790–1930, passenger lists from 1820–1960 and WWI and WWII draft registration cards. The partnership agreement allows for exclusive use of the digitized records by Ancestry.com for a 5-year embargo period at which point the digital records will be turned over to the National Archives.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: In

text: May

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: announced

text: a

text: five

text: year

text: agreement

text: to

text: digitize

text: selected

text: records

text: including

text: the

text: complete

text: U.S.

text: Federal

text: Census

text: Collection

text: passenger

text: lists

text: from

text: and

text: WWI

text: and

text: WWII

text: draft

text: registration

text: cards

text: The

text: partnership

text: agreement

text: allows

text: for

text: exclusive

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: digitized

text: records

text: by

text: Ancestry.com

text: for

text: a

text: embargo

text: period

text: at

text: which

text: point

text: the

text: digital

text: records

text: will

text: be

text: turned

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

question: What did the National Archives announce in May of 2008?

answer: digitize selected records including the complete U.S. Federal Census Collection

text: digitize selected records including the complete U.S. Federal Census Collection

question: Which genealogy website benefits by the May 2008 announcement?

answer: Ancestry.com

text: Ancestry.com

question: What happens after the 5 year embargo that allows Ancestry.com exclusive use of digitized records?

answer: turned over to the National Archives

text: turned over to the National Archives

question: What did Ancestry.com announce in May 2008?

question: How far back does Ancestry.com have records for genealogy?

question: How many years has Ancestry.com been prominent online?

question: In what year was the first US census taken?

question: What month marked the beginning of WWI?

text: May


text: Socialism confronted consumerism in the chain State Department Stores (GUM), set up by Lenin in 1921 as a model retail enterprise. It operated stores throughout Russia and targeted consumers across class, gender, and ethnic lines. GUM was designed to advance the Bolsheviks' goals of eliminating private enterprise and rebuilding consumerism along socialist lines, as well as democratizing consumption for workers and peasants nationwide. GUM became a major propaganda purveyor, with advertising and promotional campaigns that taught Russians the goals of the regime and attempted to inculcate new attitudes and behavior. In trying to create a socialist consumer culture from scratch, GUM recast the functions and meanings of buying and selling, turning them into politically charged acts that could either contribute to or delay the march toward utopian communism. By the late 1920s, however, GUM's gandiose goals had proven unrealistic and largely alienated consumers, who instead learned a culture of complaint and entitlement. GUM's main function became one of distributing whatever the factories sent them, regardless of consumer demand or quality.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Socialism

text: confronted

text: consumerism

text: in

text: the

text: chain

text: State

text: Department

text: Stores

text: GUM

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: Lenin

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: model

text: retail

text: enterprise

text: It

text: operated

text: stores

text: throughout

text: Russia

text: and

text: targeted

text: consumers

text: across

text: class

text: gender

text: and

text: ethnic

text: lines

text: GUM

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: advance

text: the

text: Bolsheviks

text: goals

text: of

text: eliminating

text: private

text: enterprise

text: and

text: rebuilding

text: consumerism

text: along

text: socialist

text: lines

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: democratizing

text: consumption

text: for

text: workers

text: and

text: peasants

text: nationwide

text: GUM

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: propaganda

text: purveyor

text: with

text: advertising

text: and

text: promotional

text: campaigns

text: that

text: taught

text: Russians

text: the

text: goals

text: of

text: the

text: regime

text: and

text: attempted

text: to

text: inculcate

text: new

text: attitudes

text: and

text: behavior

text: In

text: trying

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: socialist

text: consumer

text: culture

text: from

text: scratch

text: GUM

text: recast

text: the

text: functions

text: and

text: meanings

text: of

text: buying

text: and

text: selling

text: turning

text: them

text: into

text: politically

text: charged

text: acts

text: that

text: could

text: either

text: contribute

text: to

text: or

text: delay

text: the

text: march

text: toward

text: utopian

text: communism

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: however

text: GUM

text: 's

text: gandiose

text: goals

text: had

text: proven

text: unrealistic

text: and

text: largely

text: alienated

text: consumers

text: who

text: instead

text: learned

text: a

text: culture

text: of

text: complaint

text: and

text: entitlement

text: GUM

text: 's

text: main

text: function

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: distributing

text: whatever

text: the

text: factories

text: sent

text: them

text: regardless

text: of

text: consumer

text: demand

text: or

text: quality

question: What group was established in 1921 in response to the clash between socialism and consumerism?

answer: State Department Stores (GUM)

text: State Department Stores (GUM)

question: When did GUM begin to decline and lose power?

answer: late 1920s

text: late 1920s

question: Who formed the State Department Stores, AKA GUM?

answer: Lenin

text: Lenin

question: When did they first establish the organization?

answer: 1921

question: What group was established in 1912 in response to the clash between socialism and consumerism?

text: State Department Stores (GUM)

question: What group was established in 1921 in response to the clash between communism and consumerism?

text: State Department Stores (GUM)

question: When did GUM stop declining and gained power?

text: late 1920s

question: Who never formed the State Department Stores, AKA GUM?

text: Lenin

question: When did they last establish the organization?


text: In 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." In it he expressed two propositions: first, infants are not to be baptized; and second, "Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism." Hence, his conviction was that a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith. He rejected the Separatist movement's doctrine of infant baptism (paedobaptism). Shortly thereafter, Smyth left the group, and layman Thomas Helwys took over the leadership, leading the church back to England in 1611. Ultimately, Smyth became committed to believers' baptism as the only biblical baptism. He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: In

text: while

text: still

text: there

text: Smyth

text: wrote

text: a

text: tract

text: titled

text: The

text: Character

text: of

text: the

text: Beast

text: or

text: The

text: False

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: In

text: it

text: he

text: expressed

text: two

text: propositions

text: first

text: infants

text: are

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: baptized

text: and

text: second

text: Antichristians

text: converted

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: admitted

text: into

text: the

text: true

text: Church

text: by

text: baptism

text: Hence

text: his

text: conviction

text: was

text: that

text: a

text: scriptural

text: church

text: should

text: consist

text: only

text: of

text: regenerate

text: believers

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: baptized

text: on

text: a

text: personal

text: confession

text: of

text: faith

text: He

text: rejected

text: the

text: Separatist

text: movement

text: 's

text: doctrine

text: of

text: infant

text: baptism

text: paedobaptism

text: Shortly

text: thereafter

text: Smyth

text: left

text: the

text: group

text: and

text: layman

text: Thomas

text: Helwys

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: leadership

text: leading

text: the

text: church

text: back

text: to

text: England

text: in

text: Ultimately

text: Smyth

text: became

text: committed

text: to

text: believers

text: baptism

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: biblical

text: baptism

text: He

text: was

text: convinced

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: his

text: interpretation

text: of

text: Scripture

text: that

text: infants

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: damned

text: should

text: they

text: die

text: in

text: infancy

question: Smyth wrote a tract titled what?

answer: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church."

text: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church."

question: What was his first proposition?

answer: infants are not to be baptized

text: infants are not to be baptized

question: What was his second proposition?

answer: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism

text: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism

question: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?

answer: baptized on a personal confession of faith

text: baptized on a personal confession of faith

question: What is paedobaptism?

answer: infant baptism

text: infant baptism

question: Smyth read a tract titled what?

question: Who proposed all infants to be baptized?

text: Smyth

question: In what year did Smyth join the chuch with Thomas Helwys?

question: Which movement think infants should never be baptized?

text: paedobaptism


text: Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Kazakhstan

text: The

text: first

text: torchbearer

text: in

text: Almaty

text: where

text: the

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: arrived

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: ever

text: on

text: April

text: was

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: Nursultan

text: Nazarbaev

text: The

text: route

text: ran

text: km

text: from

text: Medeo

text: stadium

text: to

text: Astana

text: Square

text: There

text: were

text: reports

text: that

text: Uighur

text: activists

text: were

text: arrested

text: and

text: some

text: were

text: deported

text: back

text: to

text: China

question: What virgin site did the torch visit on April 2?

answer: Almaty

text: Almaty

question: Who was the first person to be handed the torch in Almaty?

answer: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

text: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

question: Who is Nursultan Nazarbaev?

answer: the President of Kazakhstan

text: the President of Kazakhstan

question: The route in Almaty went from Medeo Stadium to where?

answer: Astana Square.

text: Astana Square.

question: What kind of activists were arrested in Almaty?

answer: Uighur activists

text: Uighur activists

question: What country did the torch get to for the first time?

answer: Kazakhstan

text: Kazakhstan

question: What is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in Almaty?

answer: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

text: Nursultan Nazarbaev.

question: What was the distance in kilometers for the route in Kazakhstan?

answer: 20

question: What activists were reported to have been arrested?

answer: Uighur

text: Uighur


text: The war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation. At the same time, the Russians failed in an attempt to take Kolberg in Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg, Poland) from the Prussians.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: The

text: war

text: was

text: continuing

text: indecisively

text: when

text: on

text: October

text: Marshal

text: Daun

text: 's

text: Austrians

text: surprised

text: the

text: main

text: Prussian

text: army

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Hochkirch

text: in

text: Saxony

text: Frederick

text: lost

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: artillery

text: but

text: retreated

text: in

text: good

text: order

text: helped

text: by

text: dense

text: woods

text: The

text: Austrians

text: had

text: ultimately

text: made

text: little

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: campaign

text: in

text: Saxony

text: despite

text: Hochkirch

text: and

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: achieve

text: a

text: decisive

text: breakthrough

text: After

text: a

text: thwarted

text: attempt

text: to

text: take

text: Dresden

text: Daun

text: 's

text: troops

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: withdraw

text: to

text: Austrian

text: territory

text: for

text: the

text: winter

text: so

text: that

text: Saxony

text: remained

text: under

text: Prussian

text: occupation

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: Russians

text: failed

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: take

text: Kolberg

text: in

text: Pomerania

text: now

text: Kołobrzeg

text: Poland

text: from

text: the

text: Prussians

question: What Austrian General surprised the Prussian at Hochkirch?

answer: Marshal Daun

text: Marshal Daun

question: What was the major loss for Prussia at Hochkirch?

answer: lost much of his artillery

text: lost much of his artillery

question: Why was Frederick able to retreat successfully?

answer: retreated in good order, helped by dense woods

text: retreated in good order, helped by dense woods

question: What was the result of the victory for the Austrians?

answer: The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough

text: The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough

question: How did the Austrian troops spend the winter?

answer: , Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter

text: , Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter


text: The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing Jurchen clans into "Banners", military-social units. Nurhaci formed these clans into a unified entity, the subjects of which became known collectively as the Manchu people. By 1636, his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty, the Qing. In 1644, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital Beijing. Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized Beijing. The conquest of China proper was not completed until 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722). The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Central Asia. While the early rulers maintained their Manchu ways, and while their official title was Emperor they were known as khans to the Mongols and patronized Tibetan Buddhism, they governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government. They retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus. They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in international relations, and in places such as Taiwan, the Qing so-called internal foreign policy closely resembled colonial policy and control.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: dynasty

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Jurchen

text: Aisin

text: Gioro

text: clan

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: sixteenth

text: century

text: Nurhaci

text: originally

text: a

text: Ming

text: vassal

text: began

text: organizing

text: Jurchen

text: clans

text: into

text: Banners

text: military

text: social

text: units

text: Nurhaci

text: formed

text: these

text: clans

text: into

text: a

text: unified

text: entity

text: the

text: subjects

text: of

text: which

text: became

text: known

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: Manchu

text: people

text: By

text: his

text: son

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: began

text: driving

text: Ming

text: forces

text: out

text: of

text: Liaodong

text: and

text: declared

text: a

text: new

text: dynasty

text: the

text: Qing

text: In

text: peasant

text: rebels

text: led

text: by

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: conquered

text: the

text: Ming

text: capital

text: Beijing

text: Rather

text: than

text: serve

text: them

text: Ming

text: general

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: made

text: an

text: alliance

text: with

text: the

text: Manchus

text: and

text: opened

text: the

text: Shanhai

text: Pass

text: to

text: the

text: Banner

text: Armies

text: led

text: by

text: Prince

text: Dorgon

text: who

text: defeated

text: the

text: rebels

text: and

text: seized

text: Beijing

text: The

text: conquest

text: of

text: China

text: proper

text: was

text: not

text: completed

text: until

text: under

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: r.

text: The

text: Ten

text: Great

text: Campaigns

text: of

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: extended

text: Qing

text: control

text: into

text: Central

text: Asia

text: While

text: the

text: early

text: rulers

text: maintained

text: their

text: Manchu

text: ways

text: and

text: while

text: their

text: official

text: title

text: was

text: Emperor

text: they

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: khans

text: to

text: the

text: Mongols

text: and

text: patronized

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: they

text: governed

text: using

text: Confucian

text: styles

text: and

text: institutions

text: of

text: bureaucratic

text: government

text: They

text: retained

text: the

text: imperial

text: examinations

text: to

text: recruit

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: to

text: work

text: under

text: or

text: in

text: parallel

text: with

text: Manchus

text: They

text: also

text: adapted

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: tributary

text: system

text: in

text: international

text: relations

text: and

text: in

text: places

text: such

text: as

text: Taiwan

text: the

text: Qing

text: so

text: called

text: internal

text: foreign

text: policy

text: closely

text: resembled

text: colonial

text: policy

text: and

text: control

question: Who started the Manchun dynasty?

answer: Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan

text: Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan

question: Where did this dynasty form?

answer: Manchuria

text: Manchuria

question: Name a peasant rebel leader?

answer: Li Zicheng

text: Li Zicheng

question: Where was the ming capital?

answer: Beijing

text: Beijing

question: What pass was opened to the Banner Armies?

answer: Shanhai Pass

text: Shanhai Pass


text: Philadelphia Gas Works (PGW), overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, is the nation's largest municipally owned natural gas utility. It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area. Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits. In 2014, the Philadelphia City Council refused to conduct hearings on a $1.86 billion sale of PGW, part of a two-year effort that was proposed by the mayor. The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: Gas

text: Works

text: PGW

text: overseen

text: by

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: Public

text: Utility

text: Commission

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: municipally

text: owned

text: natural

text: gas

text: utility

text: It

text: serves

text: over

text: homes

text: and

text: businesses

text: in

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: area

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: came

text: under

text: city

text: ownership

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: providing

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: gas

text: distributed

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: In

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: City

text: Council

text: refused

text: to

text: conduct

text: hearings

text: on

text: a

text: billion

text: sale

text: of

text: PGW

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: two

text: year

text: effort

text: that

text: was

text: proposed

text: by

text: the

text: mayor

text: The

text: refusal

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: prospective

text: buyer

text: terminating

text: its

text: offer

question: What is the largest city owned gas utility?

answer: Philadelphia Gas Works

text: Philadelphia Gas Works

question: How many homes does PGW serve?

answer: 500,000

question: When was PGW founded?

answer: 1836

question: When did the city take PGW over?

answer: 1987


text: The NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immediately prior to a scheduled broadcast. (In at least once incidence this actually happened, resulting in a non-competitive game being played with replacement players, and further such incidents were threatened.) Once the labor issues were resolved, the NFL Network resumed the practice of broadcasting a live Friday night game. NFL Network dropped the league at the end of the 2012 season.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: The

text: NFL

text: Network

text: ceased

text: airing

text: Arena

text: Football

text: League

text: games

text: partway

text: through

text: the

text: season

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: ongoing

text: labor

text: problems

text: within

text: the

text: league

text: Briefly

text: the

text: games

text: were

text: broadcast

text: on

text: a

text: tape

text: delay

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: embarrassment

text: that

text: would

text: result

text: should

text: the

text: players

text: stage

text: a

text: work

text: stoppage

text: immediately

text: prior

text: to

text: a

text: scheduled

text: broadcast

text: In

text: at

text: least

text: once

text: incidence

text: this

text: actually

text: happened

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: non

text: competitive

text: game

text: being

text: played

text: with

text: replacement

text: players

text: and

text: further

text: such

text: incidents

text: were

text: threatened

text: Once

text: the

text: labor

text: issues

text: were

text: resolved

text: the

text: NFL

text: Network

text: resumed

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: broadcasting

text: a

text: live

text: Friday

text: night

text: game

text: NFL

text: Network

text: dropped

text: the

text: league

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

question: In what year did AFL games temporarily cease to be broadcast on NFL Network?

answer: 2012

question: Why did the temporary cessation of game broadcasts occur?

answer: ongoing labor problems

text: ongoing labor problems

question: Why did the NFL Network begin to broadcast games again?

answer: the labor issues were resolved

text: the labor issues were resolved

question: On what day was an AFL game broadcast live on NFL Network?

answer: Friday

text: Friday

question: At what time of day was an AFL game shown on Fridays on NFL Network?

answer: night

text: night


text: The definition of antenna gain or power gain already includes the effect of the antenna's efficiency. Therefore, if one is trying to radiate a signal toward a receiver using a transmitter of a given power, one need only compare the gain of various antennas rather than considering the efficiency as well. This is likewise true for a receiving antenna at very high (especially microwave) frequencies, where the point is to receive a signal which is strong compared to the receiver's noise temperature. However, in the case of a directional antenna used for receiving signals with the intention of rejecting interference from different directions, one is no longer concerned with the antenna efficiency, as discussed above. In this case, rather than quoting the antenna gain, one would be more concerned with the directive gain which does not include the effect of antenna (in)efficiency. The directive gain of an antenna can be computed from the published gain divided by the antenna's efficiency.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: The

text: definition

text: of

text: antenna

text: gain

text: or

text: power

text: gain

text: already

text: includes

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: efficiency

text: Therefore

text: if

text: one

text: is

text: trying

text: to

text: radiate

text: a

text: signal

text: toward

text: a

text: receiver

text: using

text: a

text: transmitter

text: of

text: a

text: given

text: power

text: one

text: need

text: only

text: compare

text: the

text: gain

text: of

text: various

text: antennas

text: rather

text: than

text: considering

text: the

text: efficiency

text: as

text: well

text: This

text: is

text: likewise

text: true

text: for

text: a

text: receiving

text: antenna

text: at

text: very

text: high

text: especially

text: microwave

text: frequencies

text: where

text: the

text: point

text: is

text: to

text: receive

text: a

text: signal

text: which

text: is

text: strong

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: receiver

text: 's

text: noise

text: temperature

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: directional

text: antenna

text: used

text: for

text: receiving

text: signals

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: rejecting

text: interference

text: from

text: different

text: directions

text: one

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: antenna

text: efficiency

text: as

text: discussed

text: above

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: rather

text: than

text: quoting

text: the

text: antenna

text: gain

text: one

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: directive

text: gain

text: which

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: antenna

text: in)efficiency

text: The

text: directive

text: gain

text: of

text: an

text: antenna

text: can

text: be

text: computed

text: from

text: the

text: published

text: gain

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: efficiency

question: What else is also known as power gain?

answer: antenna gain

text: antenna gain

question: What is used to signal toward a reciever?

answer: transmitter

text: transmitter

question: Which gain does not iclude the effect of an antenna?

answer: directive gain

text: directive gain

question: Wats divided by the antennas efficiency?

answer: published gain

text: published gain


text: The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed]

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: abbot

text: and

text: monks

text: in

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: royal

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: from

text: the

text: later

text: century

text: became

text: a

text: powerful

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: The

text: abbot

text: often

text: was

text: employed

text: on

text: royal

text: service

text: and

text: in

text: due

text: course

text: took

text: his

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lords

text: as

text: of

text: right

text: Released

text: from

text: the

text: burdens

text: of

text: spiritual

text: leadership

text: which

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: reformed

text: Cluniac

text: movement

text: after

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: occupied

text: with

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: great

text: landed

text: properties

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: lay

text: far

text: from

text: Westminster

text: the

text: Benedictines

text: achieved

text: a

text: remarkable

text: degree

text: of

text: identification

text: with

text: the

text: secular

text: life

text: of

text: their

text: times

text: and

text: particularly

text: with

text: upper

text: class

text: life

text: Barbara

text: Harvey

text: concludes

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: her

text: depiction

text: of

text: daily

text: life

text: provides

text: a

text: wider

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: concerns

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: gentry

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages.[citation

text: needed

question: Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?

answer: The abbot and monks

text: The abbot and monks

question: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?

answer: government

text: government

question: Who was employed on royal service?

answer: The abbot

text: The abbot

question: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify?

answer: secular

text: secular

question: To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed?

answer: Cluniac

text: Cluniac

question: Who became a weak force after the Norman Conquest?

text: abbot and monks

question: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 11th century?

text: government

question: Who was unemployed on royal service?

text: The abbot

question: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to misidentify?

text: secular

question: To what movement wasn't the task of spiritual leadership passed?

text: Cluniac


text: The board consists of nine directors. Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members include Don Carty, William Gray, Judy Lewent, Klaus Luft, Alex Mandl, Michael A. Miles, and Sam Nunn. Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings, and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation. The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues, including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters (including nomination of the board); and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws.[citation needed]

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: The

text: board

text: consists

text: of

text: nine

text: directors

text: Michael

text: Dell

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: serves

text: as

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: Other

text: board

text: members

text: include

text: Don

text: Carty

text: William

text: Gray

text: Judy

text: Lewent

text: Klaus

text: Luft

text: Alex

text: Mandl

text: Michael

text: A.

text: Miles

text: and

text: Sam

text: Nunn

text: Shareholders

text: elect

text: the

text: nine

text: board

text: members

text: at

text: meetings

text: and

text: those

text: board

text: members

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: get

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: votes

text: must

text: submit

text: a

text: resignation

text: to

text: the

text: board

text: which

text: will

text: subsequently

text: choose

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: resignation

text: The

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: usually

text: sets

text: up

text: five

text: committees

text: having

text: oversight

text: over

text: specific

text: matters

text: These

text: committees

text: include

text: the

text: Audit

text: Committee

text: which

text: handles

text: accounting

text: issues

text: including

text: auditing

text: and

text: reporting

text: the

text: Compensation

text: Committee

text: which

text: approves

text: compensation

text: for

text: the

text: CEO

text: and

text: other

text: employees

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: the

text: Finance

text: Committee

text: which

text: handles

text: financial

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: proposed

text: mergers

text: and

text: acquisitions

text: the

text: Governance

text: and

text: Nominating

text: Committee

text: which

text: handles

text: various

text: corporate

text: matters

text: including

text: nomination

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: and

text: the

text: Antitrust

text: Compliance

text: Committee

text: which

text: attempts

text: to

text: prevent

text: company

text: practices

text: from

text: violating

text: antitrust

text: laws.[citation

text: needed

question: Who is the founder of Dell?

answer: Michael Dell

text: Michael Dell

question: How many board members does Dell have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: How many committees are appointed by the board of directors at Dell?

answer: five

text: five

question: Which Dell committee handles accounting issues?

answer: Audit Committee

text: Audit Committee

question: Which Dell committee keeps the company from violating antitrust laws?

answer: Antitrust Compliance Committee

text: Antitrust Compliance Committee

question: Who isn't the founder of Dell?

text: Michael Dell

question: How many board members doesn't Dell have?

text: nine

question: How many committees aren't appointed by the board of directors at Dell?

text: five

question: Which Dell committee handles non-accounting issues?

text: Audit Committee

question: Which IBM committee keeps the company from violating antitrust laws?

text: Antitrust Compliance Committee


text: Milton Winternitz led the Yale Medical School as its dean from 1920 to 1935. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment. He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system; he also created the graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department, and built numerous new buildings. Progress toward his plans for an Institute of Human Relations, envisioned as a refuge where social scientists would collaborate with biological scientists in a holistic study of humankind, unfortunately lasted for only a few years before the opposition of resentful anti-Semitic colleagues drove him to resign.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Milton

text: Winternitz

text: led

text: the

text: Yale

text: Medical

text: School

text: as

text: its

text: dean

text: from

text: to

text: Dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: scientific

text: medicine

text: established

text: in

text: Germany

text: he

text: was

text: equally

text: fervent

text: about

text: social

text: medicine

text: and

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: humans

text: in

text: their

text: culture

text: and

text: environment

text: He

text: established

text: the

text: Yale

text: System

text: of

text: teaching

text: with

text: few

text: lectures

text: and

text: fewer

text: exams

text: and

text: strengthened

text: the

text: full

text: time

text: faculty

text: system

text: he

text: also

text: created

text: the

text: graduate

text: level

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Nursing

text: and

text: the

text: Psychiatry

text: Department

text: and

text: built

text: numerous

text: new

text: buildings

text: Progress

text: toward

text: his

text: plans

text: for

text: an

text: Institute

text: of

text: Human

text: Relations

text: envisioned

text: as

text: a

text: refuge

text: where

text: social

text: scientists

text: would

text: collaborate

text: with

text: biological

text: scientists

text: in

text: a

text: holistic

text: study

text: of

text: humankind

text: unfortunately

text: lasted

text: for

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: opposition

text: of

text: resentful

text: anti

text: Semitic

text: colleagues

text: drove

text: him

text: to

text: resign

question: Who was dean of Yale Medical School from 1920 to 1935?

answer: Milton Winternitz

text: Milton Winternitz

question: What was the driving force behind Milton Winternitz's research?

answer: social medicine

text: social medicine

question: What teaching style did Milton Winternitz develop?

answer: Yale System

text: Yale System

question: What is the Yale System?

answer: few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system

text: few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system

question: What programs did Milton Winternitz create?

answer: graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department

text: graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department

question: Who was dean of Yale Medical School from 1925 to 1935?

text: Milton Winternitz

question: What wasn't the driving force behind Milton Winternitz's research?

text: social medicine

question: What teaching style did Milton Winternitz reject?

text: Yale System

question: What isn't the Yale System?

question: What programs did Milton Winternitz end?


text: The government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transporting them were developed. A trial blackout was held on 10 August 1939, and when Germany invaded Poland on 1 September a blackout began at sunset. Lights would not be allowed after dark for almost six years, and the blackout became by far the most unpopular aspect of the war for civilians, more than rationing.:51,106 The relocation of the government and the civil service was also planned, but would only have occurred if necessary so as not to damage civilian morale.:33

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: government

text: planned

text: to

text: voluntarily

text: evacuate

text: four

text: million

text: people

text: mostly

text: women

text: and

text: children

text: from

text: urban

text: areas

text: including

text: million

text: from

text: London

text: It

text: expected

text: about

text: of

text: evacuees

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: private

text: homes

text: and

text: conducted

text: an

text: extensive

text: survey

text: to

text: determine

text: available

text: space

text: Detailed

text: preparations

text: for

text: transporting

text: them

text: were

text: developed

text: A

text: trial

text: blackout

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: when

text: Germany

text: invaded

text: Poland

text: on

text: September

text: a

text: blackout

text: began

text: at

text: sunset

text: Lights

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: allowed

text: after

text: dark

text: for

text: almost

text: six

text: years

text: and

text: the

text: blackout

text: became

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: unpopular

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: for

text: civilians

text: more

text: than

text: The

text: relocation

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: was

text: also

text: planned

text: but

text: would

text: only

text: have

text: occurred

text: if

text: necessary

text: so

text: as

text: not

text: to

text: damage

text: civilian

question: The government planned to evacuate 1.4 million from which city?

answer: London

text: London

question: What trial took place on August 10 1939?

answer: a blackout

text: a blackout

question: How long were lights not allowed on after dark?

answer: almost six years

text: almost six years

question: What was most unpopular affect of the war with civilians ?

answer: the blackout

text: the blackout

question: Why did the government  and civil service not want to relocate during the war?

answer: damage civilian morale

text: damage civilian morale


text: 31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips Bay Towers and NYU Medical Center which occupy the area between 30th and 34th Streets. The Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi is situated at 135–139 West 31st Street. At 210 West is the Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist, part of St. John the Baptist Church on 30th Street. At the corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is the Grand Hotel. The former Hotel Pierrepont was located at 43 West 32nd Street, The Continental NYC tower is at the corner of Sixth Avenue and 32nd Street. 29 East 32nd Street was the location of the first building owned by the Grolier Club between 1890 and 1917.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: begins

text: on

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: at

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: Yard

text: while

text: Street

text: which

text: includes

text: a

text: segment

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: Korea

text: Way

text: between

text: Fifth

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Broadway

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: 's

text: Koreatown

text: begins

text: at

text: the

text: entrance

text: to

text: Penn

text: Station

text: and

text: Madison

text: Square

text: Garden

text: On

text: the

text: East

text: Side

text: both

text: streets

text: end

text: at

text: Second

text: Avenue

text: at

text: Kips

text: Bay

text: Towers

text: and

text: NYU

text: Medical

text: Center

text: which

text: occupy

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: and

text: Streets

text: The

text: Catholic

text: church

text: of

text: St.

text: Francis

text: of

text: Assisi

text: is

text: situated

text: at

text: West

text: Street

text: At

text: West

text: is

text: the

text: Capuchin

text: Monastery

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: part

text: of

text: St.

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: Church

text: on

text: Street

text: At

text: the

text: corner

text: of

text: Broadway

text: and

text: West

text: Street

text: is

text: the

text: Grand

text: Hotel

text: The

text: former

text: Hotel

text: Pierrepont

text: was

text: located

text: at

text: West

text: Street

text: The

text: Continental

text: NYC

text: tower

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: corner

text: of

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Street

text: East

text: Street

text: was

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: building

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Grolier

text: Club

text: between

text: and

question: Where does 31st Street begin?

answer: West Side Yard

text: West Side Yard

question: Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?

answer: Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi

text: Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi

question: Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917?

answer: Grolier Club

text: Grolier Club

question: The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is home to what business?

answer: Grand Hotel

text: Grand Hotel

question: Which religios center is located at 210 West?

answer: Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist

text: Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist