text: To minimize overall weight and size, miniature PM motors may use high energy magnets made with neodymium or other strategic elements; most such are neodymium-iron-boron alloy. With their higher flux density, electric machines with high-energy PMs are at least competitive with all optimally designed singly-fed synchronous and induction electric machines. Miniature motors resemble the structure in the illustration, except that they have at least three rotor poles (to ensure starting, regardless of rotor position) and their outer housing is a steel tube that magnetically links the exteriors of the curved field magnets.

title: Electric_motor

title: Electric_motor

text: To

text: minimize

text: overall

text: weight

text: and

text: size

text: miniature

text: PM

text: motors

text: may

text: use

text: high

text: energy

text: magnets

text: made

text: with

text: neodymium

text: or

text: other

text: strategic

text: elements

text: most

text: such

text: are

text: neodymium

text: iron

text: boron

text: alloy

text: With

text: their

text: higher

text: flux

text: density

text: electric

text: machines

text: with

text: high

text: energy

text: PMs

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: competitive

text: with

text: all

text: optimally

text: designed

text: singly

text: fed

text: synchronous

text: and

text: induction

text: electric

text: machines

text: Miniature

text: motors

text: resemble

text: the

text: structure

text: in

text: the

text: illustration

text: except

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: rotor

text: poles

text: to

text: ensure

text: starting

text: regardless

text: of

text: rotor

text: position

text: and

text: their

text: outer

text: housing

text: is

text: a

text: steel

text: tube

text: that

text: magnetically

text: links

text: the

text: exteriors

text: of

text: the

text: curved

text: field

text: magnets

question: Why do miniature PM motors use high energy magnets?

answer: To minimize overall weight and size

text: To minimize overall weight and size

question: What are high energy magnets typically made of?

answer: neodymium-iron-boron alloy

text: neodymium-iron-boron alloy

question: What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?

answer: steel tube

text: steel tube

question: How do PMs rate against other types of electric motors?

answer: least competitive

text: least competitive

question: Why do large PM motors use high energy magnets?

text: minimize overall weight and size,

question: What are high energy magnets never made of?

text: neodymium-iron-boron alloy

question: What doesn't the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?

text: steel tube

question: How do PMs rate with other types of electric motors?

text: least competitive


text: In April 1954 Adenauer made his first visit to the USA meeting Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles. Ratification of EDC was delaying but the US representatives made it clear to Adenauer that EDC would have to become a part of NATO.

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: In

text: April

text: Adenauer

text: made

text: his

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: USA

text: meeting

text: Nixon

text: Eisenhower

text: and

text: Dulles

text: Ratification

text: of

text: EDC

text: was

text: delaying

text: but

text: the

text: US

text: representatives

text: made

text: it

text: clear

text: to

text: Adenauer

text: that

text: EDC

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: NATO

question: In what year did Konrad Adenauer first visit the United States?

answer: 1954

question: Who made his second visit to the US in April 1954?

text: Adenauer

question: Who met Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles in May 1954?

text: Adenauer

question: Who made it clear to Adenauer that NATO would have to become part of the EDC?

text: US representatives

question: What had no delays?

text: Ratification of EDC


text: In some countries anti-Masonry is often related to antisemitism and anti-Zionism. For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations". Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".

title: Freemasonry

title: Freemasonry

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: anti

text: Masonry

text: is

text: often

text: related

text: to

text: antisemitism

text: and

text: anti

text: Zionism

text: For

text: example

text: In

text: the

text: Iraqi

text: legal

text: and

text: penal

text: code

text: was

text: changed

text: by

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: 's

text: ruling

text: Ba'ath

text: Party

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: felony

text: to

text: promote

text: or

text: acclaim

text: Zionist

text: principles

text: including

text: Freemasonry

text: or

text: who

text: associate

text: themselves

text: with

text: Zionist

text: organisations

text: Professor

text: Andrew

text: Prescott

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Sheffield

text: writes

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Protocols

text: of

text: the

text: Elders

text: of

text: Zion

text: antisemitism

text: has

text: gone

text: hand

text: in

text: hand

text: with

text: anti

text: masonry

text: so

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: surprising

text: that

text: allegations

text: that

text: September

text: was

text: a

text: Zionist

text: plot

text: have

text: been

text: accompanied

text: by

text: suggestions

text: that

text: the

text: attacks

text: were

text: inspired

text: by

text: a

text: masonic

text: world

text: order

question: What are two things that anit-masonry usually associated with?

answer: antisemitism and anti-Zionism

text: antisemitism and anti-Zionism

question: What year did the Ba'ath Party make Freemasonry a felony?

answer: 1980

question: Who wrote that it was not suprising that the blame for 9/11 was trying to be blamed on a masonic world order?

answer: Professor Andrew Prescott

text: Professor Andrew Prescott

question: According to  Professor Andrew Prescott, how long has antisemitism gone together with anti-masonry?

answer: Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion

text: Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion

question: In some countries, anti-Masonry is related to what?

answer: antisemitism and anti-Zionism

text: antisemitism and anti-Zionism

question: Who change the Iraqi legal and penal code in 1980?

answer: Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party

text: Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party

question: Who suggested the September 11 attacks on the United States were inspired by a masonic world order?

answer: Professor Andrew Prescott

text: Professor Andrew Prescott

question: What are two things that anti-masonry is always associated with?

text: antisemitism and anti-Zionism

question: What year did the Ba'ath Party make Freemasonry a holiday?

question: Who wrote that it was shocking that the blame for 9/11 was trying to be blamed on a masonic world order?

text: Professor Andrew Prescott

question: Who changed the Iraqi legal and penal code in 1780?

text: Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party

question: How long has antisemitism been against anti-masonry according to Professor Andrew Prescott?


text: Some important texts were created and studied by scholars. Philosophical works written by Yang Xiong (53 BC – 18 AD), Huan Tan (43 BC – 28 AD), Wang Chong (27–100 AD), and Wang Fu (78–163 AD) questioned whether human nature was innately good or evil and posed challenges to Dong's universal order. The Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Tan (d. 110 BC) and his son Sima Qian (145–86 BC) established the standard model for all of imperial China's Standard Histories, such as the Book of Han written by Ban Biao (3–54 AD), his son Ban Gu (32–92 AD), and his daughter Ban Zhao (45–116 AD). There were dictionaries such as the Shuowen Jiezi by Xu Shen (c. 58 – c. 147 AD) and the Fangyan by Yang Xiong. Biographies on important figures were written by various gentrymen. Han dynasty poetry was dominated by the fu genre, which achieved its greatest prominence during the reign of Emperor Wu.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Some

text: important

text: texts

text: were

text: created

text: and

text: studied

text: by

text: scholars

text: Philosophical

text: works

text: written

text: by

text: Yang

text: Xiong

text: BC

text: AD

text: Huan

text: Tan

text: BC

text: AD

text: Wang

text: Chong

text: AD

text: and

text: Wang

text: Fu

text: AD

text: questioned

text: whether

text: human

text: nature

text: was

text: innately

text: good

text: or

text: evil

text: and

text: posed

text: challenges

text: to

text: Dong

text: 's

text: universal

text: order

text: The

text: Records

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Historian

text: by

text: Sima

text: Tan

text: d.

text: BC

text: and

text: his

text: son

text: Sima

text: Qian

text: BC

text: established

text: the

text: standard

text: model

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: imperial

text: China

text: 's

text: Standard

text: Histories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Han

text: written

text: by

text: Ban

text: Biao

text: AD

text: his

text: son

text: Ban

text: Gu

text: AD

text: and

text: his

text: daughter

text: Ban

text: Zhao

text: AD

text: There

text: were

text: dictionaries

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Shuowen

text: Jiezi

text: by

text: Xu

text: Shen

text: c.

text: c.

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Fangyan

text: by

text: Yang

text: Xiong

text: Biographies

text: on

text: important

text: figures

text: were

text: written

text: by

text: various

text: gentrymen

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: poetry

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: fu

text: genre

text: which

text: achieved

text: its

text: greatest

text: prominence

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Wu

question: Who had produced biographies of individuals of significant importance?

answer: various gentrymen

text: various gentrymen

question: What type of poetry had much influence in the Han dynasty?

answer: fu

text: fu

question: Who had written the dictionary Fangyan?

answer: Yang Xiong

text: Yang Xiong

question: Which person had authored the Book of Han?

answer: Ban Biao

text: Ban Biao

question: What was the name of Ban Biao's female offspring?

answer: Ban Zhao

text: Ban Zhao


text: Much civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter programme to finish in June 1940.:35 The programme favoured backyard Anderson shelters and small brick surface shelters; many of the latter were soon abandoned in 1940 as unsafe. In addition, authorities expected that the raids would be brief and during the day. Few predicted that attacks by night would force Londoners to sleep in shelters.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Much

text: civil

text: defence

text: preparation

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: shelters

text: was

text: left

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: local

text: authorities

text: and

text: many

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Birmingham

text: Coventry

text: Belfast

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: End

text: of

text: London

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: enough

text: shelters

text: The

text: Phoney

text: War

text: however

text: and

text: the

text: unexpected

text: delay

text: of

text: civilian

text: bombing

text: permitted

text: the

text: shelter

text: programme

text: to

text: finish

text: in

text: June

text: The

text: programme

text: favoured

text: backyard

text: Anderson

text: shelters

text: and

text: small

text: brick

text: surface

text: shelters

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: were

text: soon

text: abandoned

text: in

text: as

text: unsafe

text: In

text: addition

text: authorities

text: expected

text: that

text: the

text: raids

text: would

text: be

text: brief

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: day

text: Few

text: predicted

text: that

text: attacks

text: by

text: night

text: would

text: force

text: Londoners

text: to

text: sleep

text: in

text: shelters

question: What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle?

answer: shelters

text: shelters

question: What year did the shelter program finish?

answer: 1940

question: Why were the shelters soon abandoned in 1940?

answer: unsafe

text: unsafe

question: Why were Londoners forced to sleep in shelters?

answer: attacks by night

text: attacks by night


text: The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membranes, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA). Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division).

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: The

text: conversion

text: rate

text: of

text: DGLA

text: to

text: AA

text: largely

text: determines

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: prostaglandins

text: and

text: EPA

text: prevents

text: AA

text: from

text: being

text: released

text: from

text: membranes

text: thereby

text: skewing

text: prostaglandin

text: balance

text: away

text: from

text: pro

text: inflammatory

text: made

text: from

text: AA

text: toward

text: anti

text: inflammatory

text: made

text: from

text: DGLA

text: Moreover

text: the

text: conversion

text: desaturation

text: of

text: DGLA

text: to

text: AA

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: enzyme

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: hormones

text: such

text: as

text: insulin

text: up

text: regulation

text: and

text: glucagon

text: down

text: regulation

text: The

text: amount

text: and

text: type

text: of

text: carbohydrates

text: consumed

text: along

text: with

text: some

text: types

text: of

text: amino

text: acid

text: can

text: influence

text: processes

text: involving

text: insulin

text: glucagon

text: and

text: other

text: hormones

text: therefore

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: versus

text: has

text: wide

text: effects

text: on

text: general

text: health

text: and

text: specific

text: effects

text: on

text: immune

text: function

text: and

text: inflammation

text: and

text: mitosis

text: i.e.

text: cell

text: division

question: What is able to prevent AA from being released from membranes?

answer: Omega-3 EPA

text: Omega-3 EPA

question: The conversion of omega-6 DGLA to AA is able to help regulate which process?

answer: the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2

text: the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2

question: What kind of process is the conversion of DGLA to AA?

answer: desaturation

text: desaturation

question: What is an example of a hormone other than insulin that is able to control the enzyme delta-5-desaturase?

answer: glucagon

text: glucagon

question: What is the scientific name for cell division?

answer: mitosis

text: mitosis


text: Several of the city's large general museums are located near the Boulevard. On Boulevard proper are the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, lending their name to what is sometimes called the Museum District. Nearby on Broad Street is the Science Museum of Virginia, housed in the neoclassical former 1919 Broad Street Union Station. Immediately adjacent is the Children's Museum of Richmond, and two blocks away, the Virginia Center for Architecture. Within the downtown are the Library of Virginia and the Valentine Richmond History Center. Elsewhere are the Virginia Holocaust Museum and the Old Dominion Railway Museum.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Several

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: large

text: general

text: museums

text: are

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: On

text: Boulevard

text: proper

text: are

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Historical

text: Society

text: and

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Museum

text: of

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: lending

text: their

text: name

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Museum

text: District

text: Nearby

text: on

text: Broad

text: Street

text: is

text: the

text: Science

text: Museum

text: of

text: Virginia

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: neoclassical

text: former

text: Broad

text: Street

text: Union

text: Station

text: Immediately

text: adjacent

text: is

text: the

text: Children

text: 's

text: Museum

text: of

text: Richmond

text: and

text: two

text: blocks

text: away

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Center

text: for

text: Architecture

text: Within

text: the

text: downtown

text: are

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Virginia

text: and

text: the

text: Valentine

text: Richmond

text: History

text: Center

text: Elsewhere

text: are

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Holocaust

text: Museum

text: and

text: the

text: Old

text: Dominion

text: Railway

text: Museum

question: What architectural style was the 1919 Broad Street Union Station constructed in?

answer: neoclassical

text: neoclassical

question: How far away from the Virginia Center for Architecture is the Children's Museum of Richmond?

answer: two blocks

text: two blocks

question: What district of Richmond is the Virginia Historical Society located in?

answer: Museum District

text: Museum District

question: What museum is next to the Science Museum of Virginia?

answer: Children's Museum of Richmond

text: Children's Museum of Richmond


text: Everton also have links with Chilean team Everton de Viña del Mar who were named after the English club. On 4 August 2010, the two Evertons played each other in a friendly named the Copa Hermandad at Goodison Park to mark the centenary of the Chilean team, an occasion organised by The Ruleteros Society, a society founded to promote connections between the two clubs. Other Evertons exist in Rosario in Colonia Department, Uruguay, La Plata, and Río Cuarto in Argentina, Elk Grove, California in the United States, and in Cork, Ireland.

title: Everton_F.C.

title: Everton_F.C.

text: Everton

text: also

text: have

text: links

text: with

text: Chilean

text: team

text: Everton

text: de

text: Viña

text: del

text: Mar

text: who

text: were

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: English

text: club

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: two

text: Evertons

text: played

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: a

text: friendly

text: named

text: the

text: Copa

text: Hermandad

text: at

text: Goodison

text: Park

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: centenary

text: of

text: the

text: Chilean

text: team

text: an

text: occasion

text: organised

text: by

text: The

text: Ruleteros

text: Society

text: a

text: society

text: founded

text: to

text: promote

text: connections

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: clubs

text: Other

text: Evertons

text: exist

text: in

text: Rosario

text: in

text: Colonia

text: Department

text: Uruguay

text: La

text: Plata

text: and

text: Río

text: Cuarto

text: in

text: Argentina

text: Elk

text: Grove

text: California

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: in

text: Cork

text: Ireland

question: What is the name of the Chilean team that has ties to the Everton FC?

answer: Everton de Viña del Mar

text: Everton de Viña del Mar

question: When did the two Everton Football Clubs (English and Chilean) face off against one another?

answer: 2010

question: Who organized the friendly match between the English and Chilean Everton football clubs in 2010?

answer: The Ruleteros Society

text: The Ruleteros Society

question: What US city also has an Everton football team?

answer: Elk Grove

text: Elk Grove

question: On what date was Everton's California team established?

text: 4 August 2010

question: In what year was The Ruleteros Society founded?

question: In what year did Cork, Ireland's Everton team first play?

question: What is the name of the California Everton team?

text: Everton de Viña del Mar

question: What is the name of the Everton team in Rio Cuarto?

text: Everton de Viña del Mar


text: Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the white minority resulted in a civil war that lasted until the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979, which set the terms for recognised independence in 1980, as the new nation of Zimbabwe.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: Britain

text: 's

text: remaining

text: colonies

text: in

text: Africa

text: except

text: for

text: self

text: governing

text: Southern

text: Rhodesia

text: were

text: all

text: granted

text: independence

text: by

text: British

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: Africa

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: peaceful

text: process

text: Kenyan

text: independence

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: eight

text: year

text: Mau

text: Mau

text: Uprising

text: In

text: Rhodesia

text: the

text: Unilateral

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: by

text: the

text: white

text: minority

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: Lancaster

text: House

text: Agreement

text: of

text: which

text: set

text: the

text: terms

text: for

text: recognised

text: independence

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: nation

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

question: What was the last British colony remaining in Africa?

answer: Southern Rhodesia

text: Southern Rhodesia

question: When was the second-to-last British colony in Africa granted independence?

answer: 1968

question: When was the Unilateral Declaration of Independence of Rhodesia?

answer: 1965

question: What new country did the Lancaster House Agreement recognize?

answer: Mau Mau Uprising

text: Mau Mau Uprising

question: Where was the Mau Mau Uprising?

answer: Kenyan

text: Kenyan


text: Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC. The city is situated on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, fronting the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea. Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 hectares; this heritage of ancient monuments, views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country's most popular tourist destinations. Major monuments include Valencia Cathedral, the Torres de Serrans, the Torres de Quart, the Llotja de la Seda (declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996), and the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències (City of Arts and Sciences), an entertainment-based cultural and architectural complex designed by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela. The Museu de Belles Arts de València houses a large collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, including works by Velázquez, El Greco, and Goya, as well as an important series of engravings by Piranesi. The Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (Valencian Institute of Modern Art) houses both permanent collections and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art and photography.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Valencia

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: a

text: Roman

text: colony

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Turia

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: fronting

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Valencia

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Its

text: historic

text: centre

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Spain

text: with

text: approximately

text: hectares

text: this

text: heritage

text: of

text: ancient

text: monuments

text: views

text: and

text: cultural

text: attractions

text: makes

text: Valencia

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: most

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: Major

text: monuments

text: include

text: Valencia

text: Cathedral

text: the

text: Torres

text: de

text: Serrans

text: the

text: Torres

text: de

text: Quart

text: the

text: Llotja

text: de

text: la

text: Seda

text: declared

text: a

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: by

text: UNESCO

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Ciutat

text: de

text: les

text: Arts

text: i

text: les

text: Ciències

text: City

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: an

text: entertainment

text: based

text: cultural

text: and

text: architectural

text: complex

text: designed

text: by

text: Santiago

text: Calatrava

text: and

text: Félix

text: Candela

text: The

text: Museu

text: de

text: Belles

text: Arts

text: de

text: València

text: houses

text: a

text: large

text: collection

text: of

text: paintings

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: centuries

text: including

text: works

text: by

text: Velázquez

text: El

text: Greco

text: and

text: Goya

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: series

text: of

text: engravings

text: by

text: Piranesi

text: The

text: Institut

text: Valencià

text: d'Art

text: Modern

text: Valencian

text: Institute

text: of

text: Modern

text: Art

text: houses

text: both

text: permanent

text: collections

text: and

text: temporary

text: exhibitions

text: of

text: contemporary

text: art

text: and

text: photography

question: When was Valencia's founding?

answer: 138 BC

text: 138 BC

question: On what river is Valencia located?

answer: Turia

text: Turia

question: How big is Valencia's historic centre?

answer: 169 hectares

text: 169 hectares

question: What Valencian museum contains pieces by Velazquez and other famous artists?

answer: Museu de Belles Arts de València

text: Museu de Belles Arts de València

question: What Valencian museum has a photography collection?

answer: Institut Valencià d'Art Modern

text: Institut Valencià d'Art Modern


text: In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.[citation needed]

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)

title: Cardinal_(Catholicism

text: In

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: electing

text: the

text: pope

text: was

text: reserved

text: to

text: the

text: principal

text: clergy

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: the

text: bishops

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: suburbicarian

text: sees

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: appointing

text: ecclesiastics

text: from

text: outside

text: Rome

text: as

text: cardinals

text: began

text: with

text: each

text: of

text: them

text: assigned

text: a

text: church

text: in

text: Rome

text: as

text: his

text: titular

text: church

text: or

text: linked

text: with

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: suburbicarian

text: dioceses

text: while

text: still

text: being

text: incardinated

text: in

text: a

text: diocese

text: other

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Rome.[citation

text: needed

question: In 1059, who was responsible for electing the pope?

answer: the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees.

text: the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees.

question: What were the cardinals assigned?

answer: a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses

text: a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses

question: Who did not have the right of electing the pope in 1059?

question: Who held the right to appoint ecclesiastics from outside Rome in 1059?

text: cardinals

question: What were the cardinals not assigned?

question: Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned?


text: After conquering "China proper", the Manchus identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhōngguó; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means "central" or "middle," gurun means "nation" or "state"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that "China" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of "China." They used both "China" and "Qing" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as "China" or the "Chinese Empire") and foreign affairs, and "Chinese language" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and "Chinese people" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used "Qing" and "China" interchangeably.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: After

text: conquering

text: China

text: proper

text: the

text: Manchus

text: identified

text: their

text: state

text: as

text: China

text: 中國

text: Zhōngguó

text: Middle

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: referred

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: Dulimbai

text: Gurun

text: in

text: Manchu

text: Dulimbai

text: means

text: central

text: or

text: middle

text: gurun

text: means

text: nation

text: or

text: state

text: The

text: emperors

text: equated

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: state

text: including

text: present

text: day

text: Northeast

text: China

text: Xinjiang

text: Mongolia

text: Tibet

text: and

text: other

text: areas

text: as

text: China

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Manchu

text: languages

text: defining

text: China

text: as

text: a

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: state

text: and

text: rejecting

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: China

text: only

text: meant

text: Han

text: areas

text: The

text: Qing

text: emperors

text: proclaimed

text: that

text: both

text: Han

text: and

text: non

text: Han

text: peoples

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: China

text: They

text: used

text: both

text: China

text: and

text: Qing

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: their

text: state

text: in

text: official

text: documents

text: international

text: treaties

text: as

text: the

text: Qing

text: was

text: known

text: internationally

text: as

text: China

text: or

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Empire

text: and

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: and

text: Chinese

text: language

text: Dulimbai

text: gurun

text: i

text: bithe

text: included

text: Chinese

text: Manchu

text: and

text: Mongol

text: languages

text: and

text: Chinese

text: people

text: 中國之人

text: Zhōngguó

text: zhī

text: rén

text: Manchu

text: Dulimbai

text: gurun

text: i

text: niyalma

text: referred

text: to

text: all

text: subjects

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: In

text: the

text: Chinese

text: language

text: versions

text: of

text: its

text: treaties

text: and

text: its

text: maps

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: used

text: Qing

text: and

text: China

text: interchangeably

question: After taking the bulk of China what did the Manchuse call their state?

answer: China

text: China

question: What does China mean?

answer: Middle Kingdom

text: Middle Kingdom

question: What ethnice groups did the Qing thin made up China?

answer: Han and non-Han peoples

text: Han and non-Han peoples


text: German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population. Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City. Other languages include French with 8,258 speakers (0.3%), Chinese with 6,413 (0.2%), Korean with 3,948 (0.1%), Arabic with 3,265 (0.1%), other Asian languages with 3,134 (0.1%), Tagalog with 2,888 (0.1%), Japanese with 2,546 (0.1%), and African languages with 2,546 (0.1%). In addition to Cherokee, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California (though, it should be noted that only Cherokee exhibits language vitality at present).

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: German

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: language

text: with

text: speakers

text: representing

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: state

text: population

text: Fifth

text: is

text: Vietnamese

text: spoken

text: by

text: people

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Asia

text: District

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Other

text: languages

text: include

text: French

text: with

text: speakers

text: Chinese

text: with

text: Korean

text: with

text: Arabic

text: with

text: other

text: Asian

text: languages

text: with

text: Tagalog

text: with

text: Japanese

text: with

text: and

text: African

text: languages

text: with

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: Cherokee

text: more

text: than

text: Native

text: American

text: languages

text: are

text: spoken

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: California

text: though

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: that

text: only

text: Cherokee

text: exhibits

text: language

text: vitality

text: at

text: present

question: What is Oklahoma's fourth most popular language?

answer: German

text: German

question: How many Oklahomans speak German?

answer: 13,444

question: What is Oklahoma's fifth most popular language?

answer: Vietnamese

text: Vietnamese

question: How many Oklahomans speak Vietnamese?

answer: 11,330

question: How many Native American languages are used in Oklahoma?

answer: more than 25

text: more than 25


text: On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month. Additionally those who had failed to do their "political duty" of voting Estonia into the USSR, specifically those who had failed to have their passports stamped for voting, were condemned to death by Soviet tribunals. The repressions followed with the mass deportations carried out by the Soviets in Estonia on 14 June 1941. Many of the country's political and intellectual leaders were killed or deported to remote areas of the USSR by the Soviet authorities in 1940–1941. Repressive actions were also taken against thousands of ordinary people.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: On

text: August

text: Estonia

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: the

text: Estonian

text: SSR

text: The

text: provisions

text: in

text: the

text: Estonian

text: constitution

text: requiring

text: a

text: popular

text: referendum

text: to

text: decide

text: on

text: joining

text: a

text: supra

text: national

text: body

text: were

text: ignored

text: Instead

text: the

text: vote

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: taken

text: by

text: those

text: elected

text: in

text: the

text: elections

text: held

text: the

text: previous

text: month

text: Additionally

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: do

text: their

text: political

text: duty

text: of

text: voting

text: Estonia

text: into

text: the

text: USSR

text: specifically

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: have

text: their

text: passports

text: stamped

text: for

text: voting

text: were

text: condemned

text: to

text: death

text: by

text: Soviet

text: tribunals

text: The

text: repressions

text: followed

text: with

text: the

text: mass

text: deportations

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: Soviets

text: in

text: Estonia

text: on

text: June

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: intellectual

text: leaders

text: were

text: killed

text: or

text: deported

text: to

text: remote

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: authorities

text: in

text: Repressive

text: actions

text: were

text: also

text: taken

text: against

text: thousands

text: of

text: ordinary

text: people

question: What date was Estonia annexed by the Soviets?

answer: 6 August 1940

text: 6 August 1940

question: Who annexed Estonia as the Estonian SSR?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: The rules of joining a super power were ignored from what document?

answer: the Estonian constitution

text: the Estonian constitution

question: What system was used to decide on joining the Soviets?

answer: elections

text: elections


text: Typical American families did not fare as well, nor did those "wealthy-but-not wealthiest" families just beneath the pyramid's top. On the other hand, half of the poorest families did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis. The Federal Reserve surveyed 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009, and found that the total wealth of 63 percent of all Americans declined in that period. 77 percent of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth, while only 50 percent of those on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: Typical

text: American

text: families

text: did

text: not

text: fare

text: as

text: well

text: nor

text: did

text: those

text: wealthy

text: but

text: not

text: wealthiest

text: families

text: just

text: beneath

text: the

text: pyramid

text: 's

text: top

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: poorest

text: families

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: wealth

text: declines

text: at

text: all

text: during

text: the

text: crisis

text: The

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: surveyed

text: households

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: total

text: wealth

text: of

text: percent

text: of

text: all

text: Americans

text: declined

text: in

text: that

text: period

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: richest

text: families

text: had

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: total

text: wealth

text: while

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: those

text: on

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: pyramid

text: suffered

text: a

text: decrease

question: How many of the poorest families did not have any wealth decline during the financial crisis?

answer: half

text: half

question: In a Federal Reserve survey of 4,000 households, what percent reported wealth decline between 2007 and 2009?

answer: 63

question: How many of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?

answer: 77

question: How many families at the bottom of the pyramid had a decrease in total wealth between 2007 and 2009?

answer: 50

question: Which families experienced the least decline in wealth between 2007 and 2009?

answer: poorest families

text: poorest families


text: Rebetiko, initially a music associated with the lower classes, later (and especially after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) reached greater general acceptance as the rough edges of its overt subcultural character were softened and polished, sometimes to the point of unrecognizability. It was the base of the later laïkó (song of the people). The leading performers of the genre include Apostolos Kaldaras, Grigoris Bithikotsis, Stelios Kazantzidis, George Dalaras, Haris Alexiou and Glykeria.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Rebetiko

text: initially

text: a

text: music

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: lower

text: classes

text: later

text: and

text: especially

text: after

text: the

text: population

text: exchange

text: between

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: reached

text: greater

text: general

text: acceptance

text: as

text: the

text: rough

text: edges

text: of

text: its

text: overt

text: subcultural

text: character

text: were

text: softened

text: and

text: polished

text: sometimes

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: unrecognizability

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: laïkó

text: song

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: The

text: leading

text: performers

text: of

text: the

text: genre

text: include

text: Apostolos

text: Kaldaras

text: Grigoris

text: Bithikotsis

text: Stelios

text: Kazantzidis

text: George

text: Dalaras

text: Haris

text: Alexiou

text: and

text: Glykeria

question: What music began associated with the lower classes?

answer: Rebetiko

text: Rebetiko

question: Rebetiko was the base of what?

answer: laïkó

text: laïkó

question: One of the leading performers of the laiko genre is who?

answer: Apostolos Kaldaras

text: Apostolos Kaldaras


text: Concerning the early Polish tribes, geography contributed to long-standing traditions. The Polish tribes were internalized and organized around a unifying religious cult, governed by the wiec, an assembly of free tribesmen. Later, when safety required power to be consolidated, an elected prince was chosen to govern. The election privilege was usually limited to elites.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Concerning

text: the

text: early

text: Polish

text: tribes

text: geography

text: contributed

text: to

text: long

text: standing

text: traditions

text: The

text: Polish

text: tribes

text: were

text: internalized

text: and

text: organized

text: around

text: a

text: unifying

text: religious

text: cult

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: wiec

text: an

text: assembly

text: of

text: free

text: tribesmen

text: Later

text: when

text: safety

text: required

text: power

text: to

text: be

text: consolidated

text: an

text: elected

text: prince

text: was

text: chosen

text: to

text: govern

text: The

text: election

text: privilege

text: was

text: usually

text: limited

text: to

text: elites

question: What contributed to the long standing traditions?

answer: geography

text: geography

question: What was governing the polish tribes?

answer: wiec

text: wiec

question: What was the wiec?

answer: an assembly of free tribesmen

text: an assembly of free tribesmen

question: When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?

answer: an elected prince

text: an elected prince

question: What was the governing position limited to?

answer: elites

text: elites


text: Indoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly controlled distribution of Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum). The antiquities of Herculaneum showed that even the most classicising interiors of the Baroque, or the most "Roman" rooms of William Kent were based on basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in, hence their often bombastic appearance to modern eyes: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts.

title: Neoclassical_architecture

title: Neoclassical_architecture

text: Indoors

text: neoclassicism

text: made

text: a

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: genuine

text: classic

text: interior

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: rediscoveries

text: at

text: Pompeii

text: and

text: Herculaneum

text: These

text: had

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: but

text: only

text: achieved

text: a

text: wide

text: audience

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: luxurious

text: volumes

text: of

text: tightly

text: controlled

text: distribution

text: of

text: Le

text: Antichità

text: di

text: Ercolano

text: The

text: Antiquities

text: of

text: Herculaneum

text: The

text: antiquities

text: of

text: Herculaneum

text: showed

text: that

text: even

text: the

text: most

text: classicising

text: interiors

text: of

text: the

text: Baroque

text: or

text: the

text: most

text: Roman

text: rooms

text: of

text: William

text: Kent

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: basilica

text: and

text: temple

text: exterior

text: architecture

text: turned

text: outside

text: in

text: hence

text: their

text: often

text: bombastic

text: appearance

text: to

text: modern

text: eyes

text: pedimented

text: window

text: frames

text: turned

text: into

text: gilded

text: mirrors

text: fireplaces

text: topped

text: with

text: temple

text: fronts

question: What rediscoveries inspired interior designs of neoclassicism?

answer: Pompeii and Herculaneum.

text: Pompeii and Herculaneum.

question: What tightly controlled book brought appeal for classic interior to masses?

answer: Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum).

text: Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum).

question: What are some examples of the changes of interior of neoclassicism from ancient rediscoveries?

answer: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts

text: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts

question: What were William Kent's interior designs based from?

answer: basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in

text: basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in

question: What re-discoveries inspired exterior design of neoclassicism

text: Pompeii and Herculaneum

question: What gained a wider audience in 1740s?

text: the genuine classic interior

question: What were classic exteriors of the Baroque based on?

question: What are examples of classic interior design?


text: Orthodox Judaism considers views on the part of Jews who depart from traditional Jewish principles of faith heretical. In addition, the more right-wing groups within Orthodox Judaism hold that all Jews who reject the simple meaning of Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith are heretics. As such, most of Orthodox Judaism considers Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism heretical movements, and regards most of Conservative Judaism as heretical. The liberal wing of Modern Orthodoxy is more tolerant of Conservative Judaism, particularly its right wing, as there is some theological and practical overlap between these groups.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: considers

text: views

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: Jews

text: who

text: depart

text: from

text: traditional

text: Jewish

text: principles

text: of

text: faith

text: heretical

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: more

text: right

text: wing

text: groups

text: within

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: hold

text: that

text: all

text: Jews

text: who

text: reject

text: the

text: simple

text: meaning

text: of

text: Maimonides

text: 's

text: principles

text: of

text: Jewish

text: faith

text: are

text: heretics

text: As

text: such

text: most

text: of

text: Orthodox

text: Judaism

text: considers

text: Reform

text: and

text: Reconstructionist

text: Judaism

text: heretical

text: movements

text: and

text: regards

text: most

text: of

text: Conservative

text: Judaism

text: as

text: heretical

text: The

text: liberal

text: wing

text: of

text: Modern

text: Orthodoxy

text: is

text: more

text: tolerant

text: of

text: Conservative

text: Judaism

text: particularly

text: its

text: right

text: wing

text: as

text: there

text: is

text: some

text: theological

text: and

text: practical

text: overlap

text: between

text: these

text: groups

question: What does Orthodox Judaism regard Jews who depart from traditional practices as?

answer: heretical

text: heretical

question: What alignment within Orthodox Judaism view individuals as heretics that reject Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith?

answer: right-wing groups

text: right-wing groups

question: Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism?

answer: The liberal wing

text: The liberal wing

question: Who denounces the teachings of Maimonides?

text: Orthodox Judaism

question: Who considers traditional jewish principles heretical?

text: Orthodox Judaism

question: Who doeas Conservative Judaism concider heretical?

text: Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism

question: What overlaps in Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism?

text: some theological and practical overlap


text: In Babylonian astronomy, records of the motions of the stars, planets, and the moon are left on thousands of clay tablets created by scribes. Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian proto-scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month. Using these data they developed arithmetical methods to compute the changing length of daylight in the course of the year and to predict the appearances and disappearances of the Moon and planets and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Only a few astronomers' names are known, such as that of Kidinnu, a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician. Kiddinu's value for the solar year is in use for today's calendars. Babylonian astronomy was "the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena." According to the historian A. Aaboe, "all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy, in the Hellenistic world, in India, in Islam, and in the West—if not indeed all subsequent endeavour in the exact sciences—depend upon Babylonian astronomy in decisive and fundamental ways."

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: In

text: Babylonian

text: astronomy

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: motions

text: of

text: the

text: stars

text: planets

text: and

text: the

text: moon

text: are

text: left

text: on

text: thousands

text: of

text: clay

text: tablets

text: created

text: by

text: scribes

text: Even

text: today

text: astronomical

text: periods

text: identified

text: by

text: Mesopotamian

text: proto

text: scientists

text: are

text: still

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: Western

text: calendars

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: solar

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: lunar

text: month

text: Using

text: these

text: data

text: they

text: developed

text: arithmetical

text: methods

text: to

text: compute

text: the

text: changing

text: length

text: of

text: daylight

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: to

text: predict

text: the

text: appearances

text: and

text: disappearances

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: planets

text: and

text: eclipses

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: Moon

text: Only

text: a

text: few

text: astronomers

text: names

text: are

text: known

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: Kidinnu

text: a

text: Chaldean

text: astronomer

text: and

text: mathematician

text: Kiddinu

text: 's

text: value

text: for

text: the

text: solar

text: year

text: is

text: in

text: use

text: for

text: today

text: 's

text: calendars

text: Babylonian

text: astronomy

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: highly

text: successful

text: attempt

text: at

text: giving

text: a

text: refined

text: mathematical

text: description

text: of

text: astronomical

text: phenomena

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: historian

text: A.

text: Aaboe

text: all

text: subsequent

text: varieties

text: of

text: scientific

text: astronomy

text: in

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: world

text: in

text: India

text: in

text: Islam

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: if

text: not

text: indeed

text: all

text: subsequent

text: endeavour

text: in

text: the

text: exact

text: sciences

text: depend

text: upon

text: Babylonian

text: astronomy

text: in

text: decisive

text: and

text: fundamental

text: ways

question: Who wrote on the clay tablets in Babylonian astronomy?

answer: scribes

text: scribes

question: Where are Mesopotamian astronomical periods still used?

answer: in Western calendars

text: in Western calendars

question: Who was Kidinnu?

answer: a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician

text: a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician

question: Who believes that the Hellenistic world relies on Babylonian astronomy?

answer: A. Aaboe

text: A. Aaboe

question: Where can Kidinnu's solar year be found in use?

answer: today's calendars

text: today's calendars


text: There are several theories to the Islamisation process in Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. Many settled in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. This is evident in the Arab-Indonesian, Arab-Singaporean, and Arab-Malay populations who were at one time very prominent in each of their countries. The second theory is the role of missionaries or Sufis.[citation needed] The Sufi missionaries played a significant role in spreading the faith by introducing Islamic ideas to the region. Finally, the ruling classes embraced Islam and that further aided the permeation of the religion throughout the region. The ruler of the region's most important port, Malacca Sultanate, embraced Islam in the 15th century, heralding a period of accelerated conversion of Islam throughout the region as Islam provided a positive force among the ruling and trading classes.

title: Southeast_Asia

title: Southeast_Asia

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: theories

text: to

text: the

text: Islamisation

text: process

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Another

text: theory

text: is

text: trade

text: The

text: expansion

text: of

text: trade

text: among

text: West

text: Asia

text: India

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: helped

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: religion

text: as

text: Muslim

text: traders

text: from

text: Southern

text: Yemen

text: Hadramout

text: brought

text: Islam

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: with

text: their

text: large

text: volume

text: of

text: trade

text: Many

text: settled

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: This

text: is

text: evident

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: Indonesian

text: Arab

text: Singaporean

text: and

text: Arab

text: Malay

text: populations

text: who

text: were

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: very

text: prominent

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: their

text: countries

text: The

text: second

text: theory

text: is

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: missionaries

text: or

text: Sufis.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: Sufi

text: missionaries

text: played

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: spreading

text: the

text: faith

text: by

text: introducing

text: Islamic

text: ideas

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: Finally

text: the

text: ruling

text: classes

text: embraced

text: Islam

text: and

text: that

text: further

text: aided

text: the

text: permeation

text: of

text: the

text: religion

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: port

text: Malacca

text: Sultanate

text: embraced

text: Islam

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: heralding

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: accelerated

text: conversion

text: of

text: Islam

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

text: as

text: Islam

text: provided

text: a

text: positive

text: force

text: among

text: the

text: ruling

text: and

text: trading

text: classes

question: In the 15th century, the ruler of which port embraced Islam?

answer: Malacca Sultanate

text: Malacca Sultanate

question: Where did the traders from Yemen settle?

answer: Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia

text: Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia

question: Which missionary helped to spread Islam?

answer: The Sufi missionaries

text: The Sufi missionaries

question: Which religion proved a positive force among the ruling & trading classes?

answer: Islam

text: Islam

question: What ruler regected Islam in the 15th century?

text: Malacca Sultanate

question: Where did Yemen traders come from?

text: Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia

question: What classes wher negatively affected by Islam?

text: the ruling and trading classes

question: What missionaries he;ped spread Islam beyond Asia?

text: The Sufi


text: Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club—nicknamed "The Saints"—who play in the Premier League at St Mary's Stadium, having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, "The Dell". They reached the top flight of English football (First Division) for the first time in 1966, staying there for eight years. They lifted the FA Cup with a shock victory over Manchester United in 1976, returned to the top flight two years later, and stayed there for 27 years (becoming founder members of the Premier League in 1992) before they were relegated in 2005. The club was promoted back to the Premier League in 2012 following a brief spell in the third-tier and severe financial difficulties. In 2015, "The Saints" finished 7th in the Premier League, their highest league finish in 30 years, after a remarkable season under new manager Ronald Koeman. Their highest league position came in 1984 when they were runners-up in the old First Division. They were also runners-up in the 1979 Football League Cup final and 2003 FA Cup final. Notable former managers include Ted Bates, Lawrie McMenemy, Chris Nicholl, Ian Branfoot and Gordon Strachan. There is a strong rivalry between Portsmouth F.C. ("South Coast derby") which is located only about 30 km (19 mi) away.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Southampton

text: Football

text: Club

text: nicknamed

text: The

text: Saints

text: who

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: at

text: St

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Stadium

text: having

text: relocated

text: in

text: from

text: their

text: old

text: former

text: stadium

text: The

text: Dell

text: They

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: flight

text: of

text: English

text: football

text: First

text: Division

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: staying

text: there

text: for

text: eight

text: years

text: They

text: lifted

text: the

text: FA

text: Cup

text: with

text: a

text: shock

text: victory

text: over

text: Manchester

text: United

text: in

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: flight

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: and

text: stayed

text: there

text: for

text: years

text: becoming

text: founder

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: in

text: before

text: they

text: were

text: relegated

text: in

text: The

text: club

text: was

text: promoted

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: in

text: following

text: a

text: brief

text: spell

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: tier

text: and

text: severe

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: In

text: The

text: Saints

text: finished

text: in

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: their

text: highest

text: league

text: finish

text: in

text: years

text: after

text: a

text: remarkable

text: season

text: under

text: new

text: manager

text: Ronald

text: Koeman

text: Their

text: highest

text: league

text: position

text: came

text: in

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: runners

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: old

text: First

text: Division

text: They

text: were

text: also

text: runners

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: Football

text: League

text: Cup

text: final

text: and

text: FA

text: Cup

text: final

text: Notable

text: former

text: managers

text: include

text: Ted

text: Bates

text: Lawrie

text: McMenemy

text: Chris

text: Nicholl

text: Ian

text: Branfoot

text: and

text: Gordon

text: Strachan

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: strong

text: rivalry

text: between

text: Portsmouth

text: F.C.

text: South

text: Coast

text: derby

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: only

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: away

question: What's the nickname of the Southampton Football Club?

answer: The Saints

text: The Saints

question: What stadium has been home to The Saints since 2001?

answer: St Mary's Stadium

text: St Mary's Stadium

question: What year did Southampton Football Club first reach the top level of English football?

answer: 1966

question: Who did The Saints beat in 1976 to win the FA Cup?

answer: Manchester United

text: Manchester United

question: What league did Southampton Football Club become founding members of in 1992?

answer: the Premier League

text: the Premier League


text: The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: The

text: primary

text: objective

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: as

text: mandated

text: in

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: the

text: ECB

text: is

text: to

text: maintain

text: price

text: stability

text: within

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: The

text: basic

text: tasks

text: as

text: defined

text: in

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Statute

text: are

text: to

text: define

text: and

text: implement

text: the

text: monetary

text: policy

text: for

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: to

text: conduct

text: foreign

text: exchange

text: operations

text: to

text: take

text: care

text: of

text: the

text: foreign

text: reserves

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: System

text: of

text: Central

text: Banks

text: and

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: financial

text: market

text: infrastructure

text: under

text: the

text: payments

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: technical

text: platform

text: currently

text: being

text: developed

text: for

text: settlement

text: of

text: securities

text: in

text: Europe

text: Securities

text: The

text: ECB

text: has

text: under

text: Article

text: of

text: its

text: Statute

text: the

text: exclusive

text: right

text: to

text: authorise

text: the

text: issuance

text: of

text: euro

text: banknotes

text: Member

text: states

text: can

text: issue

text: euro

text: coins

text: but

text: the

text: amount

text: must

text: be

text: authorised

text: by

text: the

text: ECB

text: beforehand

question: What is the main mission of the ECB?

answer: maintain price stability within the Eurozone

text: maintain price stability within the Eurozone

question: What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes?

answer: Article 16 of its Statute

text: Article 16 of its Statute

question: How can a member state use euro coins?

answer: the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand

text: the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand

question: Where is the mission for the European Central Bank found?

answer: Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB

text: Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB

question: Where can the basic tasks of the European Central Bank be found?

answer: Article 3 of the Statute

text: Article 3 of the Statute

question: What is the secondary mission of the ECB?

question: What restricts ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes?

text: Article 16 of its Statute

question: How can a member state avoid euro coins?

question: Where is the mission for the European Central Bank banned?

text: Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB

question: Where can the advanced tasks of the European Central Bank be found?

text: Article 3 of the Statute


text: St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, which is an inland city that is near the more marine air of the Pacific, demonstrating the cold nature of Eastern Canada. Mean temperatures range from −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) in February to 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) in August, showing somewhat of a seasonal lag in the climate. The city is also one of the areas of the country most prone to tropical cyclone activity, as it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, where tropical storms (and sometimes hurricanes) travel from the United States. The city is one of the rainiest in Canada outside of coastal British Columbia. This is partly due to its propensity for tropical storm activity as well as moist, Atlantic air frequently blowing ashore and creating precipitation.

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: has

text: a

text: humid

text: continental

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Dfb

text: with

text: lower

text: seasonal

text: variation

text: than

text: normal

text: for

text: the

text: latitude

text: which

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: Gulf

text: Stream

text: moderation

text: However

text: despite

text: this

text: maritime

text: moderation

text: average

text: January

text: high

text: temperatures

text: are

text: actually

text: slightly

text: colder

text: in

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: Kelowna

text: British

text: Columbia

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: inland

text: city

text: that

text: is

text: near

text: the

text: more

text: marine

text: air

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: demonstrating

text: the

text: cold

text: nature

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Canada

text: Mean

text: temperatures

text: range

text: from

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: February

text: to

text: C

text: F

text: in

text: August

text: showing

text: somewhat

text: of

text: a

text: seasonal

text: lag

text: in

text: the

text: climate

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: most

text: prone

text: to

text: tropical

text: cyclone

text: activity

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: where

text: tropical

text: storms

text: and

text: sometimes

text: hurricanes

text: travel

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: rainiest

text: in

text: Canada

text: outside

text: of

text: coastal

text: British

text: Columbia

text: This

text: is

text: partly

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: propensity

text: for

text: tropical

text: storm

text: activity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: moist

text: Atlantic

text: air

text: frequently

text: blowing

text: ashore

text: and

text: creating

text: precipitation

question: How is the climate in St. John's?

answer: humid

text: humid

question: In which province is Kelowna located?

answer: British Columbia

text: British Columbia

question: Which Canadian city is the most rainiest?

answer: British Columbia

text: British Columbia

question: What body of water is to the east of St. John?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: From where do tropical storms travel from to St. John's?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: What is the rainiest city in Canada?

text: St. John's

question: What causes St. Johns to be the rainiest city in Canada?

question: What travels to St. Johns Atlantic coast from the east?


text: Oklahoma City and the surrounding metropolitan area are home to a number of health care facilities and specialty hospitals. In Oklahoma City's MidTown district near downtown resides the state's oldest and largest single site hospital, St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: are

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: health

text: care

text: facilities

text: and

text: specialty

text: hospitals

text: In

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: 's

text: MidTown

text: district

text: near

text: downtown

text: resides

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: oldest

text: and

text: largest

text: single

text: site

text: hospital

text: St.

text: Anthony

text: Hospital

text: and

text: Physicians

text: Medical

text: Center

question: What is the states oldest and largest Hospital?

answer: St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center

text: St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center


text: The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence. All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part (the telencephalon) is greatly elaborated and expanded.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: The

text: first

text: vertebrates

text: appeared

text: over

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: during

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: period

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: resembled

text: the

text: modern

text: hagfish

text: in

text: form

text: Sharks

text: appeared

text: about

text: Mya

text: amphibians

text: about

text: Mya

text: reptiles

text: about

text: Mya

text: and

text: mammals

text: about

text: Mya

text: Each

text: species

text: has

text: an

text: equally

text: long

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: but

text: the

text: brains

text: of

text: modern

text: hagfishes

text: lampreys

text: sharks

text: amphibians

text: reptiles

text: and

text: mammals

text: show

text: a

text: gradient

text: of

text: size

text: and

text: complexity

text: that

text: roughly

text: follows

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: sequence

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: brains

text: contain

text: the

text: same

text: set

text: of

text: basic

text: anatomical

text: components

text: but

text: many

text: are

text: rudimentary

text: in

text: the

text: hagfish

text: whereas

text: in

text: mammals

text: the

text: foremost

text: part

text: the

text: telencephalon

text: is

text: greatly

text: elaborated

text: and

text: expanded

question: How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear?

answer: over 500 million years ago

text: over 500 million years ago

question: During which scientific period did vertebrates appear?

answer: Cambrian period

text: Cambrian period

question: Sharks appeared at about how many Mya?

answer: 450 Mya

text: 450 Mya

question: The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?

answer: (the telencephalon

text: (the telencephalon

question: At how many mya did mammals first appear in time?

answer: 200 Mya

text: 200 Mya


text: The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases. However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocation of aid. First, sub-Saharan Africa already suffered from a shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation, but "by pouring most contributions into the fight against such high-profile killers as AIDS, Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa. This "brain drain" adds to the existing doctor shortage and pulls away additional trained staff from children and those suffering from other common killers. Second, "the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation". Third, "Gates-funded vaccination programs have instructed caregivers to ignore – even discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent".

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: The

text: foundation

text: has

text: donated

text: billions

text: of

text: dollars

text: to

text: help

text: sufferers

text: of

text: AIDS

text: tuberculosis

text: and

text: malaria

text: protecting

text: millions

text: of

text: children

text: from

text: death

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: preventable

text: diseases

text: However

text: a

text: investigation

text: by

text: The

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: claimed

text: there

text: are

text: three

text: major

text: unintended

text: consequences

text: with

text: the

text: foundation

text: 's

text: allocation

text: of

text: aid

text: First

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: already

text: suffered

text: from

text: a

text: shortage

text: of

text: primary

text: doctors

text: before

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: but

text: by

text: pouring

text: most

text: contributions

text: into

text: the

text: fight

text: against

text: such

text: high

text: profile

text: killers

text: as

text: AIDS

text: Gates

text: grantees

text: have

text: increased

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: specially

text: trained

text: higher

text: paid

text: clinicians

text: diverting

text: staff

text: from

text: basic

text: care

text: in

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: This

text: brain

text: drain

text: adds

text: to

text: the

text: existing

text: doctor

text: shortage

text: and

text: pulls

text: away

text: additional

text: trained

text: staff

text: from

text: children

text: and

text: those

text: suffering

text: from

text: other

text: common

text: killers

text: Second

text: the

text: focus

text: on

text: a

text: few

text: diseases

text: has

text: shortchanged

text: basic

text: needs

text: such

text: as

text: nutrition

text: and

text: transportation

text: Third

text: Gates

text: funded

text: vaccination

text: programs

text: have

text: instructed

text: caregivers

text: to

text: ignore

text: even

text: discourage

text: patients

text: from

text: discussing

text: ailments

text: that

text: the

text: vaccinations

text: can

text: not

text: prevent

question: The foundation has donated billions to sufferers of

answer: The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria

text: The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria

question: How many children were protected from death

answer: protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases

text: protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases

question: What are some consequences of the investments

answer: Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa

text: Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa

question: What has the focus on a few diseases caused

answer: "the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation

text: "the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation

question: Vaccinations programs encouraged what

answer: discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent".

text: discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent".

question: What has the Los Angeles Times donated billions for?

question: What has the focus on allocation of aid shortchanged in Africa?

question: What have higher-paid clinicians instructed caregivers to ignore?

question: How did discussing ailments add to the doctor shortage?

question: What did the Gates-funded AIDS program want to ignore?


text: In October 2013, the company announced the "Save a Page" feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: company

text: announced

text: the

text: Save

text: a

text: Page

text: feature

text: which

text: allows

text: any

text: Internet

text: user

text: to

text: archive

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: a

text: URL

text: This

text: became

text: a

text: threat

text: of

text: abuse

text: by

text: the

text: service

text: for

text: hosting

text: malicious

text: binaries

question: What was the functionality called that gave users the ability to save a snapshot of a site?

answer: Save a Page

text: Save a Page

question: When was Save a Page made available?

answer: October 2013

text: October 2013

question: What was the functionality called that gave users the ability to save a URL of a site?

text: Save a Page

question: When was a URL available?

text: October 2013

question: What became a threat of theft?

text: Save a Page

question: When did the company announce "Save a Binary"?

text: October 2013

question: What did "Save a Company" host?

text: malicious binaries


text: Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: music

text: remains

text: very

text: popular

text: and

text: is

text: regularly

text: performed

text: recorded

text: and

text: broadcast

text: worldwide

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: monographic

text: music

text: competition

text: the

text: International

text: Chopin

text: Piano

text: Competition

text: founded

text: in

text: is

text: held

text: every

text: five

text: years

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: The

text: Fryderyk

text: Chopin

text: Institute

text: of

text: Poland

text: lists

text: on

text: its

text: website

text: over

text: eighty

text: societies

text: world

text: wide

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: composer

text: and

text: his

text: music

text: The

text: Institute

text: site

text: also

text: lists

text: nearly

text: performances

text: of

text: Chopin

text: works

text: on

text: YouTube

text: as

text: of

text: January

question: What is the name of the oldest music essay competition?

answer: International Chopin Piano Competition

text: International Chopin Piano Competition

question: What year was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded?

answer: 1927

question: Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?

answer: Warsaw

text: Warsaw

question: How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?

answer: every five years

text: every five years

question: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland includes approximately how many recordings of Chopin's work from Youtube?

answer: 1,500

question: What is the world's oldest monographic music competition?

answer: the International Chopin Piano Competition

text: the International Chopin Piano Competition

question: When was the International Chopin Piano Competition established?

answer: 1927

question: There are over 80 societies throughout the world that have been established because of Chopin and his music according to who?

answer: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland

text: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland

question: How many known works of Chopin's music were on YouTube up to the beginning of 2014?

answer: nearly 1,500

text: nearly 1,500


text: Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Until

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: pubs

text: also

text: featured

text: an

text: off

text: sales

text: counter

text: or

text: attached

text: shop

text: for

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: beers

text: wines

text: and

text: spirits

text: for

text: home

text: consumption

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: newly

text: built

text: supermarkets

text: and

text: high

text: street

text: chain

text: stores

text: or

text: off

text: licences

text: undercut

text: the

text: pub

text: prices

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: degree

text: that

text: within

text: ten

text: years

text: all

text: but

text: a

text: handful

text: of

text: pubs

text: had

text: closed

text: their

text: off

text: sale

text: counters

text: which

text: had

text: often

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: colloquially

text: as

text: the

text: jug

text: and

text: bottle

question: In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?

answer: 1970s

question: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?

answer: off-sales counter

text: off-sales counter

question: What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?

answer: the jug and bottle

text: the jug and bottle

question: Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?

answer: supermarkets

text: supermarkets


text: Critics argue Napoleon's true legacy must reflect the loss of status for France and needless deaths brought by his rule: historian Victor Davis Hanson writes, "After all, the military record is unquestioned—17 years of wars, perhaps six million Europeans dead, France bankrupt, her overseas colonies lost." McLynn notes that, "He can be viewed as the man who set back European economic life for a generation by the dislocating impact of his wars." However, Vincent Cronin replies that such criticism relies on the flawed premise that Napoleon was responsible for the wars which bear his name, when in fact France was the victim of a series of coalitions which aimed to destroy the ideals of the Revolution.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Critics

text: argue

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: true

text: legacy

text: must

text: reflect

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: status

text: for

text: France

text: and

text: needless

text: deaths

text: brought

text: by

text: his

text: rule

text: historian

text: Victor

text: Davis

text: Hanson

text: writes

text: After

text: all

text: the

text: military

text: record

text: is

text: years

text: of

text: wars

text: perhaps

text: six

text: million

text: Europeans

text: dead

text: France

text: bankrupt

text: her

text: overseas

text: colonies

text: lost

text: McLynn

text: notes

text: that

text: He

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: man

text: who

text: set

text: back

text: European

text: economic

text: life

text: for

text: a

text: generation

text: by

text: the

text: dislocating

text: impact

text: of

text: his

text: wars

text: However

text: Vincent

text: Cronin

text: replies

text: that

text: such

text: criticism

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: flawed

text: premise

text: that

text: Napoleon

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: wars

text: which

text: bear

text: his

text: name

text: when

text: in

text: fact

text: France

text: was

text: the

text: victim

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: coalitions

text: which

text: aimed

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

question: Which historian describes Napoleon's legacy in terms of years spent at war, numbers of European dead, and France's bankruptcy and loss of colonies?

answer: Victor Davis Hanson

text: Victor Davis Hanson

question: Which historian views Napoleon's legacy as one of having set back the European economy for a generation through war?

answer: McLynn

text: McLynn

question: Which historian counters criticism of Napoleon by suggesting that the wars he fought were the responsibility of enemies of the Revolution, rather than that of Napoleon?

answer: Vincent Cronin

text: Vincent Cronin

question: How many years of wars does Victor Davis Hanson claim are part of Napoleon's military record?

answer: 17

question: Approximately how many Europeans dead does Victor Davis Hanson assert are part of Napoleon's military record?

answer: six million

text: six million


text: Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon. A compromise candidate in the person of Hong Taiji's five-year-old son, Fulin, was installed as the Shunzhi Emperor, with Dorgon as regent and de facto leader of the Manchu nation.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: died

text: suddenly

text: in

text: September

text: without

text: a

text: designated

text: heir

text: As

text: the

text: Jurchens

text: had

text: traditionally

text: elected

text: their

text: leader

text: through

text: a

text: council

text: of

text: nobles

text: the

text: Qing

text: state

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: in

text: place

text: a

text: clear

text: succession

text: system

text: until

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: The

text: leading

text: contenders

text: for

text: power

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: were

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: oldest

text: son

text: Hooge

text: and

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: half

text: brother

text: Dorgon

text: A

text: compromise

text: candidate

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: 's

text: five

text: year

text: old

text: son

text: Fulin

text: was

text: installed

text: as

text: the

text: Shunzhi

text: Emperor

text: with

text: Dorgon

text: as

text: regent

text: and

text: de

text: facto

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Manchu

text: nation

question: When did Hong Taiji die?

answer: September 1643

text: September 1643

question: Who was his heir?

answer: without a designated heir

text: without a designated heir

question: Who were the likely heirs?

answer: Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon

text: Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji' half brother Dorgon

question: Who became the emperor?

answer: Fulin

text: Fulin


text: Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber links that form the Internet backbone. For some time, computers were commonly equipped with IrDA interfaces, which allowed them to send and receive data to nearby machines via infrared.

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: Assistive

text: listening

text: devices

text: in

text: many

text: theaters

text: and

text: similar

text: spaces

text: use

text: arrays

text: of

text: infrared

text: LEDs

text: to

text: send

text: sound

text: to

text: listeners

text: receivers

text: Light

text: emitting

text: diodes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: semiconductor

text: lasers

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: send

text: data

text: over

text: many

text: types

text: of

text: fiber

text: optic

text: cable

text: from

text: digital

text: audio

text: over

text: TOSLINK

text: cables

text: to

text: the

text: very

text: high

text: bandwidth

text: fiber

text: links

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: Internet

text: backbone

text: For

text: some

text: time

text: computers

text: were

text: commonly

text: equipped

text: with

text: IrDA

text: interfaces

text: which

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: send

text: and

text: receive

text: data

text: to

text: nearby

text: machines

text: via

text: infrared

question: Where are infrared LEDs used in everday life?

answer: theaters

text: theaters

question: How are LEDs used in theaters?

answer: to send sound to listeners' receivers

text: to send sound to listeners' receivers

question: LEDs can send data over what type of cable?

answer: fiber optic

text: fiber optic

question: What type of fiber forms the backbone of the internet?

answer: very high bandwidth

text: very high bandwidth

question: Where are infrared non-LEDs used in everyday life?

text: theaters

question: How are non-LEDs used in theaters?

text: to send sound to listeners' receivers

question: LEDs can't send data over what type of cable?

text: fiber optic

question: What type of fiber doesn't form the backbone of the internet?

text: very high bandwidth


text: Law enforcement in Ancient China was carried out by "prefects" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. They were appointed by local magistrates, who reported to higher authorities such as governors, who in turn were appointed by the emperor, and they oversaw the civil administration of their "prefecture", or jurisdiction. Under each prefect were "subprefects" who helped collectively with law enforcement in the area. Some prefects were responsible for handling investigations, much like modern police detectives. Prefects could also be women. The concept of the "prefecture system" spread to other cultures such as Korea and Japan.

title: Police

title: Police

text: Law

text: enforcement

text: in

text: Ancient

text: China

text: was

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: prefects

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: since

text: it

text: developed

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Chu

text: and

text: Jin

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: the

text: Spring

text: and

text: Autumn

text: period

text: In

text: Jin

text: dozens

text: of

text: prefects

text: were

text: spread

text: across

text: the

text: state

text: each

text: having

text: limited

text: authority

text: and

text: employment

text: period

text: They

text: were

text: appointed

text: by

text: local

text: magistrates

text: who

text: reported

text: to

text: higher

text: authorities

text: such

text: as

text: governors

text: who

text: in

text: turn

text: were

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: emperor

text: and

text: they

text: oversaw

text: the

text: civil

text: administration

text: of

text: their

text: prefecture

text: or

text: jurisdiction

text: Under

text: each

text: prefect

text: were

text: subprefects

text: who

text: helped

text: collectively

text: with

text: law

text: enforcement

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: Some

text: prefects

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: handling

text: investigations

text: much

text: like

text: modern

text: police

text: detectives

text: Prefects

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: women

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: prefecture

text: system

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: cultures

text: such

text: as

text: Korea

text: and

text: Japan

question: Which Chinese kingdoms developed law enforcement?

answer: Chu and Jin

text: Chu and Jin

question: What period was the Chu kingdom in?

answer: Spring

text: Spring

question: What period was the Jin kingdom in?

answer: Autumn

text: Autumn

question: Which countries adopted the 'prefecture system' from China?

answer: Korea and Japan

text: Korea and Japan

question: What did ancient China call its police?

answer: prefects

text: prefects

question: Which Japanese kingdoms developed law enforcement?

text: Chu and Jin

question: What period was the Chu kingdom not in?

text: Spring

question: What period was the Chin kingdom in?

text: Autumn

question: Which countries never adopted the 'prefecture system' from China?

text: Korea and Japan

question: What did modern China call its police?

text: prefects