text: In April 2014, FIFA banned the club from buying players for the next two transfer windows following the violation of the FIFA's rules about the transfer of footballers aged under 18. A statement on FIFA's website read "With regard to the case in question, FC Barcelona has been found to be in breach of art. 19 of the Regulations in the case of ten minor players and to have committed several other concurrent infringements in the context of other players, including under Annexe 2 of the Regulations. The Disciplinary Committee regarded the infringements as serious and decided to sanction the club with a transfer ban at both national and international level for two complete and consecutive transfer periods, together with a fine of CHF 450,000. Additionally, the club was granted a period of 90 days in which to regularise the situation of all minor players concerned." FIFA rejected an appeal in August but the pending appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport allowed Barcelona to sign players during the summer of 2014.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: In

text: April

text: FIFA

text: banned

text: the

text: club

text: from

text: buying

text: players

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: transfer

text: windows

text: following

text: the

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: FIFA

text: 's

text: rules

text: about

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: footballers

text: aged

text: under

text: A

text: statement

text: on

text: FIFA

text: 's

text: website

text: read

text: With

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: question

text: FC

text: Barcelona

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: breach

text: of

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Regulations

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: ten

text: minor

text: players

text: and

text: to

text: have

text: committed

text: several

text: other

text: concurrent

text: infringements

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: other

text: players

text: including

text: under

text: Annexe

text: of

text: the

text: Regulations

text: The

text: Disciplinary

text: Committee

text: regarded

text: the

text: infringements

text: as

text: serious

text: and

text: decided

text: to

text: sanction

text: the

text: club

text: with

text: a

text: transfer

text: ban

text: at

text: both

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: level

text: for

text: two

text: complete

text: and

text: consecutive

text: transfer

text: periods

text: together

text: with

text: a

text: fine

text: of

text: CHF

text: Additionally

text: the

text: club

text: was

text: granted

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: days

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: regularise

text: the

text: situation

text: of

text: all

text: minor

text: players

text: concerned

text: FIFA

text: rejected

text: an

text: appeal

text: in

text: August

text: but

text: the

text: pending

text: appeal

text: to

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Arbitration

text: for

text: Sport

text: allowed

text: Barcelona

text: to

text: sign

text: players

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: of

question: When FIFA ban Barcelona from buying players?

answer: April 2014

text: April 2014

question: What was the FIFA  charge that Barcelona violated?

answer: footballers aged under 18

text: footballers aged under 18

question: What fine did FIFA impose on Barcelona for the rules violation?

answer: CHF 450,000

text: CHF 450,000

question: When did FIFA reject an appeal of the rules violation ruling?

answer: August

text: August

question: What did the pending appeal allow Barcelona to do anyway?

answer: sign players

text: sign players


text: After a visit to Brasília, the French writer Simone de Beauvoir complained that all of its superquadras exuded "the same air of elegant monotony," and other observers have equated the city's large open lawns, plazas, and fields to wastelands. As the city has matured, some of these have gained adornments, and many have been improved by landscaping, giving some observers a sense of "humanized" spaciousness. Although not fully accomplished, the "Brasília utopia" has produced a city of relatively high quality of life, in which the citizens live in forested areas with sporting and leisure structure (the superquadras) flanked by small commercial areas, bookstores and cafes; the city is famous for its cuisine and efficiency of transit.

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: After

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: Brasília

text: the

text: French

text: writer

text: Simone

text: de

text: Beauvoir

text: complained

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: superquadras

text: exuded

text: the

text: same

text: air

text: of

text: elegant

text: monotony

text: and

text: other

text: observers

text: have

text: equated

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: large

text: open

text: lawns

text: plazas

text: and

text: fields

text: to

text: wastelands

text: As

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: matured

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: have

text: gained

text: adornments

text: and

text: many

text: have

text: been

text: improved

text: by

text: landscaping

text: giving

text: some

text: observers

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: humanized

text: spaciousness

text: Although

text: not

text: fully

text: accomplished

text: the

text: Brasília

text: utopia

text: has

text: produced

text: a

text: city

text: of

text: relatively

text: high

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: citizens

text: live

text: in

text: forested

text: areas

text: with

text: sporting

text: and

text: leisure

text: structure

text: the

text: superquadras

text: flanked

text: by

text: small

text: commercial

text: areas

text: bookstores

text: and

text: cafes

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: cuisine

text: and

text: efficiency

text: of

text: transit

question: Who complained that Brasilia was monotonous?

answer: Simone de Beauvoir

text: Simone de Beauvoir

question: What nationality was de Beauvoir?

answer: French

text: French

question: What was de Beauvoir's career?

answer: writer

text: writer

question: What is Brasilia famous for?

answer: its cuisine and efficiency of transit

text: its cuisine and efficiency of transit

question: What did the citizens complain after visiting Brasilia?

question: What are superquadras famous for?

text: cuisine and efficiency of transit

question: What have other observers compared forested areas to?

text: wastelands

question: What is located on either side of the plazas?

question: How have the bookstores and cafes been improved?

text: landscaping


text: Detroit techno is an offshoot of Chicago house music. It was developed starting in the late 80s, one of the earliest hits being "Big Fun" by Inner City. Detroit techno developed as the legendary disc jockey The Electrifying Mojo conducted his own radio program at this time, influencing the fusion of eclectic sounds into the signature Detroit techno sound. This sound, also influenced by European electronica (Kraftwerk, Art of Noise), Japanese synthpop (Yellow Magic Orchestra), early B-boy Hip-Hop (Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force) and Italo disco (Doctor's Cat, Ris, Klein M.B.O.), was further pioneered by Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson, the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno.[citation needed]

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: Detroit

text: techno

text: is

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: Chicago

text: house

text: music

text: It

text: was

text: developed

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: hits

text: being

text: Big

text: Fun

text: by

text: Inner

text: City

text: Detroit

text: techno

text: developed

text: as

text: the

text: legendary

text: disc

text: jockey

text: The

text: Electrifying

text: Mojo

text: conducted

text: his

text: own

text: radio

text: program

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: influencing

text: the

text: fusion

text: of

text: eclectic

text: sounds

text: into

text: the

text: signature

text: Detroit

text: techno

text: sound

text: This

text: sound

text: also

text: influenced

text: by

text: European

text: electronica

text: Kraftwerk

text: Art

text: of

text: Noise

text: Japanese

text: synthpop

text: Yellow

text: Magic

text: Orchestra

text: early

text: B

text: boy

text: Hip

text: Hop

text: Man

text: Parrish

text: Soul

text: Sonic

text: Force

text: and

text: Italo

text: disco

text: Doctor

text: 's

text: Cat

text: Ris

text: Klein

text: M.B.O.

text: was

text: further

text: pioneered

text: by

text: Juan

text: Atkins

text: Derrick

text: May

text: and

text: Kevin

text: Saunderson

text: the

text: godfathers

text: of

text: Detroit

text: Techno.[citation

text: needed

question: what was one of the earliest Detroit techno hits?

answer: "Big Fun" by Inner City

text: "Big Fun" by Inner City

question: who started the Detroit techno development?

answer: The Electrifying Mojo

text: The Electrifying Mojo

question: what was the nickname of juan atkins, derrick may, and devin saunderson?

answer: the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno

text: the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno

question: who were the early b-boy hip-hop artists that inspired detroit techno?

answer: Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force

text: Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force

question: who were the european electronica artists that inspired detroit techno?

answer: Kraftwerk, Art of Noise

text: Kraftwerk, Art of Noise

question: What was one of the earliest Parrish techno hits?

text: "Big Fun" by Inner City

question: Who started the Parrish techno development?

text: The Electrifying Mojo

question: What was the nickname of Juan Kraftwerk, Derrick Saunderson, and Devin May?

text: the "godfathers" of Detroit Techno

question: Who were the early b-boy hip-hop artists that inspired Yellow techno?

text: Man Parrish, Soul Sonic Force

question: Who were the European electronica artists that inspired Yellow Techno?

text: Kraftwerk, Art of Noise


text: Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages. Moreover, Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect. In a 2003 strike, however, the university claimed that more union employees were working than striking. Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: has

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: difficult

text: and

text: prolonged

text: labor

text: negotiations

text: often

text: culminating

text: in

text: strikes

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: at

text: least

text: eight

text: strikes

text: since

text: and

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: wrote

text: that

text: Yale

text: has

text: a

text: reputation

text: as

text: having

text: the

text: worst

text: record

text: of

text: labor

text: tension

text: of

text: any

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Yale

text: 's

text: unusually

text: large

text: endowment

text: exacerbates

text: the

text: tension

text: over

text: wages

text: Moreover

text: Yale

text: has

text: been

text: accused

text: of

text: failing

text: to

text: treat

text: workers

text: with

text: respect

text: In

text: a

text: strike

text: however

text: the

text: university

text: claimed

text: that

text: more

text: union

text: employees

text: were

text: working

text: than

text: striking

text: Professor

text: David

text: Graeber

text: was

text: retired

text: after

text: he

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: defense

text: of

text: a

text: student

text: who

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: campus

text: labor

text: issues

question: How many strikes has Yale had since 1968?

answer: at least eight

text: at least eight

question: What are The New York Times' views on Yale's labor tension?

answer: the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S.

text: the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S.

question: What professor was retired in a 2003 labor strike?

answer: Professor David Graeber

text: Professor David Graeber

question: Why was Professor David Graeber retired during the strike?

answer: he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.

text: he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.

question: What adds to the tensions during wage considerations?

answer: Yale's unusually large endowment

text: Yale's unusually large endowment

question: How many strikes has Yale had since 1986?

text: at least eight

question: What are The New Jersey Times' views on Yale's labor tension?

question: What professor was retired in a 2013 labor strike?

text: Professor David Graeber

question: Why was Professor David Graeber hired during the strike?

question: What eases the tensions during wage considerations?

text: Yale's unusually large endowment


text: Due to a complete estrangement between the two as a result of campaigning, Truman and Eisenhower had minimal discussions about the transition of administrations. After selecting his budget director, Joseph M. Dodge, Eisenhower asked Herbert Brownell and Lucius Clay to make recommendations for his cabinet appointments. He accepted their recommendations without exception; they included John Foster Dulles and George M. Humphrey with whom he developed his closest relationships, and one woman, Oveta Culp Hobby. Eisenhower's cabinet, consisting of several corporate executives and one labor leader, was dubbed by one journalist, "Eight millionaires and a plumber." The cabinet was notable for its lack of personal friends, office seekers, or experienced government administrators. He also upgraded the role of the National Security Council in planning all phases of the Cold War.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Due

text: to

text: a

text: complete

text: estrangement

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: campaigning

text: Truman

text: and

text: Eisenhower

text: had

text: minimal

text: discussions

text: about

text: the

text: transition

text: of

text: administrations

text: After

text: selecting

text: his

text: budget

text: director

text: Joseph

text: M.

text: Dodge

text: Eisenhower

text: asked

text: Herbert

text: Brownell

text: and

text: Lucius

text: Clay

text: to

text: make

text: recommendations

text: for

text: his

text: cabinet

text: appointments

text: He

text: accepted

text: their

text: recommendations

text: without

text: exception

text: they

text: included

text: John

text: Foster

text: Dulles

text: and

text: George

text: M.

text: Humphrey

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: developed

text: his

text: closest

text: relationships

text: and

text: one

text: woman

text: Oveta

text: Culp

text: Hobby

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: cabinet

text: consisting

text: of

text: several

text: corporate

text: executives

text: and

text: one

text: labor

text: leader

text: was

text: dubbed

text: by

text: one

text: journalist

text: Eight

text: millionaires

text: and

text: a

text: plumber

text: The

text: cabinet

text: was

text: notable

text: for

text: its

text: lack

text: of

text: personal

text: friends

text: office

text: seekers

text: or

text: experienced

text: government

text: administrators

text: He

text: also

text: upgraded

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Security

text: Council

text: in

text: planning

text: all

text: phases

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

question: What woman was a member of Eisenhower's cabinet?

answer: Oveta Culp Hobby

text: Oveta Culp Hobby

question: Who was Eisenhower's budget director?

answer: Joseph M. Dodge

text: Joseph M. Dodge

question: Along with Lucius Clay, who advised Eisenhower on cabinet appointments?

answer: Herbert Brownell

text: Herbert Brownell

question: Along with George Humphrey, what cabinet official did Eisenhower have a close relationship with?

answer: John Foster Dulles

text: John Foster Dulles

question: What quip was used to describe Eisenhower's cabinet?

answer: Eight millionaires and a plumber

text: Eight millionaires and a plumber


text: Traditionally, Section 1983 was of limited use for a state prisoner under sentence of death because the Supreme Court has held that habeas corpus, not Section 1983, is the only vehicle by which a state prisoner can challenge his judgment of death. In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme Court approved the use of Section 1983 as a vehicle for challenging a state's method of execution as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The theory is that a prisoner bringing such a challenge is not attacking directly his judgment of death, but rather the means by which that the judgment will be carried out. Therefore, the Supreme Court held in the Hill case that a prisoner can use Section 1983 rather than habeas corpus to bring the lawsuit. Yet, as Clarence Hill's own case shows, lower federal courts have often refused to hear suits challenging methods of execution on the ground that the prisoner brought the claim too late and only for the purposes of delay. Further, the Court's decision in Baze v. Rees, upholding a lethal injection method used by many states, has drastically narrowed the opportunity for relief through Section 1983.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Traditionally

text: Section

text: was

text: of

text: limited

text: use

text: for

text: a

text: state

text: prisoner

text: under

text: sentence

text: of

text: death

text: because

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: held

text: that

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: not

text: Section

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: vehicle

text: by

text: which

text: a

text: state

text: prisoner

text: can

text: challenge

text: his

text: judgment

text: of

text: death

text: In

text: the

text: Hill

text: v.

text: McDonough

text: case

text: however

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: approved

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Section

text: as

text: a

text: vehicle

text: for

text: challenging

text: a

text: state

text: 's

text: method

text: of

text: execution

text: as

text: cruel

text: and

text: unusual

text: punishment

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: the

text: Eighth

text: Amendment

text: The

text: theory

text: is

text: that

text: a

text: prisoner

text: bringing

text: such

text: a

text: challenge

text: is

text: not

text: attacking

text: directly

text: his

text: judgment

text: of

text: death

text: but

text: rather

text: the

text: means

text: by

text: which

text: that

text: the

text: judgment

text: will

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: Therefore

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: Hill

text: case

text: that

text: a

text: prisoner

text: can

text: use

text: Section

text: rather

text: than

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: to

text: bring

text: the

text: lawsuit

text: Yet

text: as

text: Clarence

text: Hill

text: 's

text: own

text: case

text: shows

text: lower

text: federal

text: courts

text: have

text: often

text: refused

text: to

text: hear

text: suits

text: challenging

text: methods

text: of

text: execution

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: that

text: the

text: prisoner

text: brought

text: the

text: claim

text: too

text: late

text: and

text: only

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: delay

text: Further

text: the

text: Court

text: 's

text: decision

text: in

text: Baze

text: v.

text: Rees

text: upholding

text: a

text: lethal

text: injection

text: method

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: states

text: has

text: drastically

text: narrowed

text: the

text: opportunity

text: for

text: relief

text: through

text: Section

question: In what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1983 to be used to challenge a method of execution?

answer: Hill v. McDonough

text: Hill v. McDonough

question: In what year was Hill v. McDonough decided?

answer: 2006

question: What amendment of the Constitution does cruel and unusual punishment violate?

answer: Eighth

text: Eighth

question: What case notably upheld the use of a method of lethal injection?

answer: Baze v. Rees

text: Baze v. Rees

question: Along with Section 1983, through what means can a convict on death row challenge his execution?

answer: habeas corpus

text: habeas corpus

question: n what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1989 to be used to challenge a method of execution?

text: Hill v. McDonough

question: In what year was Hill v. McDonough rejected?

question: What amendment of the Constitution doesn't cruel and unusual punishment violate?

text: Eighth

question: What case notably did not uphold the use of a method of lethal injection?

text: Baze v. Rees

question: Along with Section 1983, through what means can a convict on death row submit to his execution?

text: habeas corpus


text: Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last years of Theodoric's reign. The Burgundians settled in Gaul, and after an earlier realm was destroyed by the Huns in 436 formed a new kingdom in the 440s. Between today's Geneva and Lyon, it grew to become the realm of Burgundy in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. In northern Gaul, the Franks and Britons set up small polities. The Frankish Kingdom was centred in north-eastern Gaul, and the first king of whom much is known is Childeric (d. 481).[G] Under Childeric's son Clovis (r. 509–511), the Frankish kingdom expanded and converted to Christianity. Britons, related to the natives of Britannia — modern-day Great Britain — settled in what is now Brittany.[H] Other monarchies were established by the Visigoths in Iberia, the Suevi in north-western Iberia, and the Vandals in North Africa. In the 6th century, the Lombards settled in northern Italy, replacing the Ostrogothic kingdom with a grouping of duchies that occasionally selected a king to rule over them all. By the late 6th century this arrangement had been replaced by a permanent monarchy.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: new

text: peoples

text: and

text: individuals

text: filled

text: the

text: political

text: void

text: left

text: by

text: Roman

text: centralised

text: government

text: The

text: Ostrogoths

text: settled

text: in

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: under

text: Theoderic

text: d.

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: kingdom

text: marked

text: by

text: its

text: co

text: operation

text: between

text: the

text: Italians

text: and

text: the

text: Ostrogoths

text: at

text: least

text: until

text: the

text: last

text: years

text: of

text: Theodoric

text: 's

text: reign

text: The

text: Burgundians

text: settled

text: in

text: Gaul

text: and

text: after

text: an

text: earlier

text: realm

text: was

text: destroyed

text: by

text: the

text: Huns

text: in

text: formed

text: a

text: new

text: kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: Between

text: today

text: 's

text: Geneva

text: and

text: Lyon

text: it

text: grew

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: Burgundy

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: In

text: northern

text: Gaul

text: the

text: Franks

text: and

text: Britons

text: set

text: up

text: small

text: polities

text: The

text: Frankish

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: centred

text: in

text: north

text: eastern

text: Gaul

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: king

text: of

text: whom

text: much

text: is

text: known

text: is

text: Childeric

text: d.

text: Under

text: Childeric

text: 's

text: son

text: Clovis

text: r.

text: the

text: Frankish

text: kingdom

text: expanded

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: Christianity

text: Britons

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: natives

text: of

text: Britannia

text: modern

text: day

text: Great

text: Britain

text: settled

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Brittany.[H

text: Other

text: monarchies

text: were

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: in

text: Iberia

text: the

text: Suevi

text: in

text: north

text: western

text: Iberia

text: and

text: the

text: Vandals

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Lombards

text: settled

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: replacing

text: the

text: Ostrogothic

text: kingdom

text: with

text: a

text: grouping

text: of

text: duchies

text: that

text: occasionally

text: selected

text: a

text: king

text: to

text: rule

text: over

text: them

text: all

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: this

text: arrangement

text: had

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: a

text: permanent

text: monarchy

question: In what century did the Ostrogoths arrive in Italy?

answer: 5th

question: What Ostrogothic leader led his people into Italy?

answer: Theoderic

text: Theoderic

question: Who destroyed the Burgundian kingdom in 436?

answer: the Huns

text: the Huns

question: In what part of Europe did the Burgundians settle?

answer: Gaul

text: Gaul

question: Who was the first notable king of the Franks?

answer: Childeric

text: Childeric


text: The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: league

text: held

text: its

text: first

text: season

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: originally

text: composed

text: of

text: clubs

text: The

text: first

text: ever

text: Premier

text: League

text: goal

text: was

text: scored

text: by

text: Brian

text: Deane

text: of

text: Sheffield

text: United

text: in

text: a

text: win

text: against

text: Manchester

text: United

text: The

text: inaugural

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Premier

text: League

text: were

text: Arsenal

text: Aston

text: Villa

text: Blackburn

text: Rovers

text: Chelsea

text: Coventry

text: City

text: Crystal

text: Palace

text: Everton

text: Ipswich

text: Town

text: Leeds

text: United

text: Liverpool

text: Manchester

text: City

text: Manchester

text: United

text: Middlesbrough

text: Norwich

text: City

text: Nottingham

text: Forest

text: Oldham

text: Athletic

text: Queens

text: Park

text: Rangers

text: Sheffield

text: United

text: Sheffield

text: Wednesday

text: Southampton

text: Tottenham

text: Hotspur

text: and

text: Wimbledon

text: Luton

text: Town

text: Notts

text: County

text: and

text: West

text: Ham

text: United

text: were

text: the

text: three

text: teams

text: relegated

text: from

text: the

text: old

text: first

text: division

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: take

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: inaugural

text: Premier

text: League

text: season

question: When did the Premier League hold its first season?

answer: The league held its first season in 1992–93

text: The league held its first season in 1992–93

question: Originally, how many clubs did the Premier League have?

answer: was originally composed of 22 clubs.

text: was originally composed of 22 clubs.

question: Who scored the first ever goal for the Premier League

answer: The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.

text: The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.

question: Which blubs were relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991-1992 season and didn't take part in the first Premier League season?

answer: Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division

text: Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division

question: In which years were the first season?

answer: 1992–93

question: How many clubs originally made up the league?

answer: 22

question: Who scored the first goal in the Premier League?

answer: Brian Deane

text: Brian Deane

question: For which team was the first goal scored?

answer: Sheffield United

text: Sheffield United

question: Against which team was the first goal scored?

answer: Manchester United

text: Manchester United

question: During the leagues first season in 1991 how many clubs was it made up of?

question: In which year was the league made up of 21 clubs and had its first season?

question: In what years was the Leagues second season held?

question: Who is known for scoring the last ever goal int he Premier League?

text: Brian Deane

question: What is Brian Deane of Crystal Palace known for?

text: first ever Premier League goal


text: Losing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occurred a mere three decades after the Meiji Restoration set a feudal Japan on course to emulate the Western nations in their economic and technological achievements. Finally, in December 1894, the Qing government took concrete steps to reform military institutions and to re-train selected units in westernized drills, tactics and weaponry. These units were collectively called the New Army. The most successful of these was the Beiyang Army under the overall supervision and control of a former Huai Army commander, General Yuan Shikai, who used his position to build networks of loyal officers and eventually become President of the Republic of China.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Losing

text: the

text: First

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: of

text: was

text: a

text: watershed

text: Japan

text: a

text: country

text: long

text: regarded

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: as

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: an

text: upstart

text: nation

text: of

text: pirates

text: annihilated

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: 's

text: modernized

text: Beiyang

text: Fleet

text: then

text: deemed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: strongest

text: naval

text: force

text: in

text: Asia

text: The

text: Japanese

text: victory

text: occurred

text: a

text: mere

text: three

text: decades

text: after

text: the

text: Meiji

text: Restoration

text: set

text: a

text: feudal

text: Japan

text: on

text: course

text: to

text: emulate

text: the

text: Western

text: nations

text: in

text: their

text: economic

text: and

text: technological

text: achievements

text: Finally

text: in

text: December

text: the

text: Qing

text: government

text: took

text: concrete

text: steps

text: to

text: reform

text: military

text: institutions

text: and

text: to

text: re

text: train

text: selected

text: units

text: in

text: westernized

text: drills

text: tactics

text: and

text: weaponry

text: These

text: units

text: were

text: collectively

text: called

text: the

text: New

text: Army

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: of

text: these

text: was

text: the

text: Beiyang

text: Army

text: under

text: the

text: overall

text: supervision

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: a

text: former

text: Huai

text: Army

text: commander

text: General

text: Yuan

text: Shikai

text: who

text: used

text: his

text: position

text: to

text: build

text: networks

text: of

text: loyal

text: officers

text: and

text: eventually

text: become

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

question: Who beat the Chinese in the First Sino-Japanese War?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: Which fleet did the Japanese destroy?

answer: Beiyang Fleet

text: Beiyang Fleet

question: When did the Qing decide to modernize their military?

answer: 1894

question: What was the new modern army called?

answer: the New Army

text: the New Army

question: Who became the President of the Republic of China?

answer: General Yuan Shikai

text: General Yuan Shikai


text: The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: The

text: mandolin

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: occasionally

text: in

text: rock

text: music

text: first

text: appearing

text: in

text: the

text: psychedelic

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Levon

text: Helm

text: of

text: The

text: Band

text: occasionally

text: moved

text: from

text: his

text: drum

text: kit

text: to

text: play

text: mandolin

text: most

text: notably

text: on

text: Rag

text: Mama

text: Rag

text: Rockin

text: Chair

text: and

text: Evangeline

text: Ian

text: Anderson

text: of

text: Jethro

text: Tull

text: played

text: mandolin

text: on

text: Fat

text: Man

text: from

text: their

text: second

text: album

text: Stand

text: Up

text: and

text: also

text: occasionally

text: on

text: later

text: releases

text: Rod

text: Stewart

text: 's

text: No

text: hit

text: Maggie

text: May

text: features

text: a

text: significant

text: mandolin

text: riff

text: David

text: Grisman

text: played

text: mandolin

text: on

text: two

text: Grateful

text: Dead

text: songs

text: on

text: the

text: American

text: Beauty

text: album

text: Friend

text: of

text: the

text: Devil

text: and

text: Ripple

text: which

text: became

text: instant

text: favorites

text: among

text: amateur

text: pickers

text: at

text: jam

text: sessions

text: and

text: campground

text: gatherings

text: John

text: Paul

text: Jones

text: and

text: Jimmy

text: Page

text: both

text: played

text: mandolin

text: on

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: songs

text: The

text: popular

text: alt

text: rock

text: group

text: Imagine

text: Dragons

text: feature

text: the

text: mandolin

text: on

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: their

text: songs

text: most

text: prominently

text: being

text: It

text: 's

text: Time

text: Dash

text: Crofts

text: of

text: the

text: soft

text: rock

text: duo

text: Seals

text: and

text: Crofts

text: extensively

text: used

text: mandolin

text: in

text: their

text: repertoire

text: during

text: the

text: Styx

text: released

text: the

text: song

text: Boat

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: in

text: which

text: featured

text: Tommy

text: Shaw

text: on

text: vocals

text: and

text: mandolin

text: The

text: song

text: did

text: n't

text: chart

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: was

text: popular

text: in

text: much

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

question: When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?

answer: psychedelic era of the late 1960s

text: psychedelic era of the late 1960s

question: Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?

answer: Levon Helm

text: Levon Helm

question: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?

answer: Maggie May

text: Maggie May

question: What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?

answer: David Grisman

text: David Grisman

question: Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?

answer: Boat on the River

text: Boat on the River

question: When did the mandolin last appear in rock music?

text: psychedelic era of the late 1960s

question: Who played the drums and the guitar in the group called The Band?

text: Levon Helm

question: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?

text: Maggie May

question: What artist from the Grateful Dead didn't play the mandolin?

text: David Grisman


text: In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire—developed a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung). According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures.

title: Culture

title: Culture

text: In

text: the

text: Prussian

text: linguist

text: and

text: philosopher

text: Wilhelm

text: von

text: Humboldt

text: called

text: for

text: an

text: anthropology

text: that

text: would

text: synthesize

text: Kant

text: 's

text: and

text: Herder

text: 's

text: interests

text: During

text: the

text: Romantic

text: era

text: scholars

text: in

text: Germany

text: especially

text: those

text: concerned

text: with

text: nationalist

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: nationalist

text: struggle

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: Germany

text: out

text: of

text: diverse

text: principalities

text: and

text: the

text: nationalist

text: struggles

text: by

text: ethnic

text: minorities

text: against

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: developed

text: a

text: more

text: inclusive

text: notion

text: of

text: culture

text: as

text: worldview

text: Weltanschauung

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: school

text: of

text: thought

text: each

text: ethnic

text: group

text: has

text: a

text: distinct

text: worldview

text: that

text: is

text: incommensurable

text: with

text: the

text: worldviews

text: of

text: other

text: groups

text: Although

text: more

text: inclusive

text: than

text: earlier

text: views

text: this

text: approach

text: to

text: culture

text: still

text: allowed

text: for

text: distinctions

text: between

text: civilized

text: and

text: primitive

text: or

text: tribal

text: cultures

question: Which Prussian linguist called for an anthropology?

answer: Wilhelm von Humboldt

text: Wilhelm von Humboldt

question: During which ere did scholars of Germany developed a more inclusive culture?

answer: Romantic era

text: Romantic era

question: What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era?

answer: Weltanschauung

text: Weltanschauung

question: Which Prussian linguist called for an ontology?

text: Wilhelm von Humboldt

question: Which era did scholars of Germany develop a less inclusive culture?

text: Romantic era

question: What was the Russian name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era?

text: Weltanschauung

question: Which scholars were never concerned with nationalist movements?

text: Germany


text: Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Alternative

text: approaches

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: British

text: aid

text: agency

text: 's

text: Drivers

text: of

text: Change

text: research

text: skips

text: numbers

text: and

text: promotes

text: understanding

text: corruption

text: via

text: political

text: economy

text: analysis

text: of

text: who

text: controls

text: power

text: in

text: a

text: given

text: society

question: What is the British aid agency's research called?

answer: Drivers of Change

text: Drivers of Change

question: What does Drivers of Change skip?

answer: numbers

text: numbers

question: What does Drivers of Change promote?

answer: understanding corruption

text: understanding corruption


text: As federal judge Alex Kozinski has pointed out, binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed. Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported on both sides of the Atlantic (reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked), and the United Kingdom lacked a coherent court hierarchy prior to the end of the 19th century. Furthermore, English judges in the eighteenth century subscribed to now-obsolete natural law theories of law, by which law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said. Judges saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law. Therefore, a judge could reject another judge's opinion as simply an incorrect statement of the law, in the way that scientists regularly reject each other's conclusions as incorrect statements of the laws of science.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: As

text: federal

text: judge

text: Alex

text: Kozinski

text: has

text: pointed

text: out

text: binding

text: precedent

text: as

text: we

text: know

text: it

text: today

text: simply

text: did

text: not

text: exist

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: Constitution

text: was

text: framed

text: Judicial

text: decisions

text: were

text: not

text: consistently

text: accurately

text: and

text: faithfully

text: reported

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: reporters

text: often

text: simply

text: rewrote

text: or

text: failed

text: to

text: publish

text: decisions

text: which

text: they

text: disliked

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: lacked

text: a

text: coherent

text: court

text: hierarchy

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Furthermore

text: English

text: judges

text: in

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: subscribed

text: to

text: now

text: obsolete

text: natural

text: law

text: theories

text: of

text: law

text: by

text: which

text: law

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: existence

text: independent

text: of

text: what

text: individual

text: judges

text: said

text: Judges

text: saw

text: themselves

text: as

text: merely

text: declaring

text: the

text: law

text: which

text: had

text: always

text: theoretically

text: existed

text: and

text: not

text: as

text: making

text: the

text: law

text: Therefore

text: a

text: judge

text: could

text: reject

text: another

text: judge

text: 's

text: opinion

text: as

text: simply

text: an

text: incorrect

text: statement

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: that

text: scientists

text: regularly

text: reject

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: conclusions

text: as

text: incorrect

text: statements

text: of

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: science

question: Who has noted that binding precedent did not exist when the Constitution was written?

answer: federal judge Alex Kozinski

text: federal judge Alex Kozinski

question: Why were decisions not reported or recoded correctly?

answer: reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked

text: reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked

question: What are the natural theories of law that that the English judges in the eighteenth century used?

answer: law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said

text: law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said

question: Why could one judge reject another judges opinion?

answer: saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law

text: saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law

question: Why would one judge reject another's opinion?

answer: incorrect statement of the law

text: incorrect statement of the law

question: What began at the time the Constitution was framed?

text: binding precedent

question: What was the name of the judge who believed he was declaring a pre-existing law?

text: Alex Kozinski

question: When did the natural law theory fall out of fashion?

text: the eighteenth century

question: Reporters were not allowed to prevent publication based on what?

text: which they disliked

question: What did the the UK courts in the end of the 19th century?

text: coherent court hierarchy


text: Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peniche, Olhão, Sesimbra, Figueira da Foz, Sines, Portimão and Madeira. Portuguese processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez (the world’s oldest active canned fish producer), Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama.[citation needed]

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: Traditionally

text: a

text: sea

text: power

text: Portugal

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: strong

text: tradition

text: in

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: fishing

text: sector

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: fish

text: consumption

text: per

text: capita

text: The

text: main

text: landing

text: sites

text: in

text: Portugal

text: including

text: Azores

text: and

text: Madeira

text: according

text: to

text: total

text: landings

text: in

text: weight

text: by

text: year

text: are

text: the

text: harbours

text: of

text: Matosinhos

text: Peniche

text: Olhão

text: Sesimbra

text: Figueira

text: da

text: Foz

text: Sines

text: Portimão

text: and

text: Madeira

text: Portuguese

text: processed

text: fish

text: products

text: are

text: exported

text: through

text: several

text: companies

text: under

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: brands

text: and

text: registered

text: trademarks

text: such

text: as

text: Ramirez

text: the

text: world

text: ’s

text: oldest

text: active

text: canned

text: fish

text: producer

text: Bom

text: Petisco

text: Nero

text: Combate

text: Comur

text: General

text: Líder

text: Manná

text: Murtosa

text: Pescador

text: Pitéu

text: Tenório

text: Torreira

text: and

text: Vasco

text: da

text: Gama.[citation

text: needed

question: Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?

answer: Ramirez

text: Ramirez

question: What are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products?

answer: Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama

text: Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama

question: What food does Portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of?

answer: fish

text: fish


text: Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Boston

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: miles

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: square

text: miles

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: official

text: elevation

text: as

text: measured

text: at

text: Logan

text: International

text: Airport

text: is

text: ft

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: Boston

text: is

text: Bellevue

text: Hill

text: at

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: the

text: lowest

text: point

text: is

text: at

text: sea

text: level

text: Situated

text: onshore

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Boston

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: capital

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: an

text: oceanic

text: coastline

question: What is the total area of Boston?

answer: 89.6 square miles

text: 89.6 square miles

question: How many square miles of land is Boston?

answer: 48.4 square miles

text: 48.4 square miles

question: How many square miles of water is Boston?

answer: 41.2 square miles

text: 41.2 square miles

question: How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston?

answer: 19 ft

text: 19 ft

question: Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous US to have what type of coastline?

answer: oceanic coastline

text: oceanic coastline


text: The direct object of the verb appears either in the accusative (for total objects) or in the partitive (for partial objects). The accusative coincides with the genitive in the singular and with nominative in the plural. Accusative vs. partitive case opposition of the object used with transitive verbs creates a telicity contrast, just as in Finnish. This is a rough equivalent of the perfective vs. imperfective aspect opposition.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: The

text: direct

text: object

text: of

text: the

text: verb

text: appears

text: either

text: in

text: the

text: accusative

text: for

text: total

text: objects

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: partitive

text: for

text: partial

text: objects

text: The

text: accusative

text: coincides

text: with

text: the

text: genitive

text: in

text: the

text: singular

text: and

text: with

text: nominative

text: in

text: the

text: plural

text: Accusative

text: vs.

text: partitive

text: case

text: opposition

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: used

text: with

text: transitive

text: verbs

text: creates

text: a

text: telicity

text: contrast

text: just

text: as

text: in

text: Finnish

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: rough

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: perfective

text: vs.

text: imperfective

text: aspect

text: opposition

question: What other language has a telicity contrast?

answer: Finnish

text: Finnish

question: Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found?

answer: partitive

text: partitive

question: What is the accusative used for?

answer: total objects

text: total objects

question: What language does not have a telicity contrast?

text: Finnish

question: Where can the direct object of the noun be found?

text: partitive

question: Why is the accusative rejected?

text: total objects

question: What is an example of a partial object?

text: imperfective aspect opposition

question: What does a transitive noun create?

text: telicity contrast


text: The strictest definition of "plant" includes only the "land plants" or embryophytes, which include seed plants (gymnosperms, including the pines, and flowering plants) and the free-sporing cryptogams including ferns, clubmosses, liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Embryophytes are multicellular eukaryotes descended from an ancestor that obtained its energy from sunlight by photosynthesis. They have life cycles with alternating haploid and diploid phases. The sexual haploid phase of embryophytes, known as the gametophyte, nurtures the developing diploid embryo sporophyte within its tissues for at least part of its life, even in the seed plants, where the gametophyte itself is nurtured by its parent sporophyte. Other groups of organisms that were previously studied by botanists include bacteria (now studied in bacteriology), fungi (mycology) – including lichen-forming fungi (lichenology), non-chlorophyte algae (phycology), and viruses (virology). However, attention is still given to these groups by botanists, and fungi (including lichens) and photosynthetic protists are usually covered in introductory botany courses.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: The

text: strictest

text: definition

text: of

text: plant

text: includes

text: only

text: the

text: land

text: plants

text: or

text: embryophytes

text: which

text: include

text: seed

text: plants

text: gymnosperms

text: including

text: the

text: pines

text: and

text: flowering

text: plants

text: and

text: the

text: free

text: sporing

text: cryptogams

text: including

text: ferns

text: clubmosses

text: liverworts

text: hornworts

text: and

text: mosses

text: Embryophytes

text: are

text: multicellular

text: eukaryotes

text: descended

text: from

text: an

text: ancestor

text: that

text: obtained

text: its

text: energy

text: from

text: sunlight

text: by

text: photosynthesis

text: They

text: have

text: life

text: cycles

text: with

text: alternating

text: haploid

text: and

text: diploid

text: phases

text: The

text: sexual

text: haploid

text: phase

text: of

text: embryophytes

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: gametophyte

text: nurtures

text: the

text: developing

text: diploid

text: embryo

text: sporophyte

text: within

text: its

text: tissues

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: life

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: seed

text: plants

text: where

text: the

text: gametophyte

text: itself

text: is

text: nurtured

text: by

text: its

text: parent

text: sporophyte

text: Other

text: groups

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: were

text: previously

text: studied

text: by

text: botanists

text: include

text: bacteria

text: now

text: studied

text: in

text: bacteriology

text: fungi

text: mycology

text: including

text: lichen

text: forming

text: fungi

text: lichenology

text: non

text: chlorophyte

text: algae

text: phycology

text: and

text: viruses

text: virology

text: However

text: attention

text: is

text: still

text: given

text: to

text: these

text: groups

text: by

text: botanists

text: and

text: fungi

text: including

text: lichens

text: and

text: photosynthetic

text: protists

text: are

text: usually

text: covered

text: in

text: introductory

text: botany

text: courses

question: What is the scientific name for seed plants?

answer: gymnosperms

text: gymnosperms

question: What is the study of algae called?

answer: phycology

text: phycology

question: What two phases are included in the life cycles of embryophytes?

answer: haploid and diploid

text: haploid and diploid


text: In 1989, the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field, Don Zimmer's Cubs were led by a core group of veterans in Ryne Sandberg, Rick Sutcliffe and Andre Dawson, who were boosted by a crop of youngsters such as Mark Grace, Shawon Dunston, Greg Maddux, Rookie of the Year Jerome Walton, and Rookie of the Year Runner-Up Dwight Smith. The Cubs won the NL East once again that season winning 93 games. This time the Cubs met the San Francisco Giants in the NLCS. After splitting the first two games at home, the Cubs headed to the Bay Area, where despite holding a lead at some point in each of the next three games, bullpen meltdowns and managerial blunders ultimately led to three straight losses. The Cubs couldn't overcome the efforts of Will Clark, whose home run off Maddux, just after a managerial visit to the mound, led Maddux to think Clark knew what pitch was coming. Afterward, Maddux would speak into his glove during any mound conversation, beginning what is a norm today. Mark Grace was 11–17 in the series with 8 RBI. Eventually, the Giants lost to the "Bash Brothers" and the Oakland A's in the famous "Earthquake Series."

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: full

text: season

text: with

text: night

text: baseball

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: Don

text: Zimmer

text: 's

text: Cubs

text: were

text: led

text: by

text: a

text: core

text: group

text: of

text: veterans

text: in

text: Ryne

text: Sandberg

text: Rick

text: Sutcliffe

text: and

text: Andre

text: Dawson

text: who

text: were

text: boosted

text: by

text: a

text: crop

text: of

text: youngsters

text: such

text: as

text: Mark

text: Grace

text: Shawon

text: Dunston

text: Greg

text: Maddux

text: Rookie

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Jerome

text: Walton

text: and

text: Rookie

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Runner

text: Up

text: Dwight

text: Smith

text: The

text: Cubs

text: won

text: the

text: NL

text: East

text: once

text: again

text: that

text: season

text: winning

text: games

text: This

text: time

text: the

text: Cubs

text: met

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Giants

text: in

text: the

text: NLCS

text: After

text: splitting

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: games

text: at

text: home

text: the

text: Cubs

text: headed

text: to

text: the

text: Bay

text: Area

text: where

text: despite

text: holding

text: a

text: lead

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: three

text: games

text: bullpen

text: meltdowns

text: and

text: managerial

text: blunders

text: ultimately

text: led

text: to

text: three

text: straight

text: losses

text: The

text: Cubs

text: could

text: n't

text: overcome

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: Will

text: Clark

text: whose

text: home

text: run

text: off

text: Maddux

text: just

text: after

text: a

text: managerial

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: mound

text: led

text: Maddux

text: to

text: think

text: Clark

text: knew

text: what

text: pitch

text: was

text: coming

text: Afterward

text: Maddux

text: would

text: speak

text: into

text: his

text: glove

text: during

text: any

text: mound

text: conversation

text: beginning

text: what

text: is

text: a

text: norm

text: today

text: Mark

text: Grace

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: with

text: RBI

text: Eventually

text: the

text: Giants

text: lost

text: to

text: the

text: Bash

text: Brothers

text: and

text: the

text: Oakland

text: A

text: 's

text: in

text: the

text: famous

text: Earthquake

text: Series

question: What year was the first full season with night baseball at Wrigley Field?

answer: 1989

question: Who was rookie of the year in 1989?

answer: Jerome Walton

text: Jerome Walton

question: Who was rookie of the year Runner-Up in 1989?

answer: Dwight Smith

text: Dwight Smith

question: Who did the Cubs meet in the NLCS during 1989?

answer: San Francisco Giants

text: San Francisco Giants


text: Compared to other team sports, the National Football League preseason is very structured. Every NFL team plays exactly four pre-season exhibition games a year, two at home and two away, with the exception of two teams each year who play a fifth game, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. These exhibition games, most of which are held in the month of August, are played for the purpose of helping coaches narrow down the roster from the offseason limit of 90 players to the regular-season limit of 53 players. While the scheduling formula is not as rigid for preseason games as they are for the regular season, there are numerous restrictions and traditions that limit the choices of preseason opponents; teams are also restricted on what days and times they can play these games. Split-squad games, a practice common in baseball and hockey, where a team that is scheduled to play two games on the same day splits their team into two squads, are prohibited. The NFL has played exhibition games in Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia (including the American Bowl in 1999) and Mexico to spread the league's popularity (a game of this type was proposed for China but, due to financial and logistical problems, was eventually canceled). The league has tacitly forbidden the playing of non-league opponents, with the last interleague game having come in 1972 and the last game against a team other than an NFL team (the all-NFL rookie College All-Stars) was held in 1976. Exhibition games are quite unpopular with many fans, who resent having to pay regular-season prices for two home exhibition games as part of a season-ticket package. Numerous lawsuits have been brought by fans and classes of fans against the NFL or its member teams regarding this practice, but none have been successful in halting it.[citation needed] The Pro Bowl, traditionally played after the end of the NFL season (since 2011 is played the week prior to the Super Bowl), is also considered an exhibition game.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: Compared

text: to

text: other

text: team

text: sports

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: preseason

text: is

text: very

text: structured

text: Every

text: NFL

text: team

text: plays

text: exactly

text: four

text: pre

text: season

text: exhibition

text: games

text: a

text: year

text: two

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: two

text: away

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: two

text: teams

text: each

text: year

text: who

text: play

text: a

text: fifth

text: game

text: the

text: Pro

text: Football

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: Game

text: These

text: exhibition

text: games

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: month

text: of

text: August

text: are

text: played

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: helping

text: coaches

text: narrow

text: down

text: the

text: roster

text: from

text: the

text: offseason

text: limit

text: of

text: players

text: to

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: limit

text: of

text: players

text: While

text: the

text: scheduling

text: formula

text: is

text: not

text: as

text: rigid

text: for

text: preseason

text: games

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: for

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: there

text: are

text: numerous

text: restrictions

text: and

text: traditions

text: that

text: limit

text: the

text: choices

text: of

text: preseason

text: opponents

text: teams

text: are

text: also

text: restricted

text: on

text: what

text: days

text: and

text: times

text: they

text: can

text: play

text: these

text: games

text: Split

text: squad

text: games

text: a

text: practice

text: common

text: in

text: baseball

text: and

text: hockey

text: where

text: a

text: team

text: that

text: is

text: scheduled

text: to

text: play

text: two

text: games

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: splits

text: their

text: team

text: into

text: two

text: squads

text: are

text: prohibited

text: The

text: NFL

text: has

text: played

text: exhibition

text: games

text: in

text: Europe

text: Japan

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: including

text: the

text: American

text: Bowl

text: in

text: and

text: Mexico

text: to

text: spread

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: popularity

text: a

text: game

text: of

text: this

text: type

text: was

text: proposed

text: for

text: China

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: financial

text: and

text: logistical

text: problems

text: was

text: eventually

text: canceled

text: The

text: league

text: has

text: tacitly

text: forbidden

text: the

text: playing

text: of

text: non

text: league

text: opponents

text: with

text: the

text: last

text: interleague

text: game

text: having

text: come

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: game

text: against

text: a

text: team

text: other

text: than

text: an

text: NFL

text: team

text: the

text: all

text: NFL

text: rookie

text: College

text: All

text: Stars

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Exhibition

text: games

text: are

text: quite

text: unpopular

text: with

text: many

text: fans

text: who

text: resent

text: having

text: to

text: pay

text: regular

text: season

text: prices

text: for

text: two

text: home

text: exhibition

text: games

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: season

text: ticket

text: package

text: Numerous

text: lawsuits

text: have

text: been

text: brought

text: by

text: fans

text: and

text: classes

text: of

text: fans

text: against

text: the

text: NFL

text: or

text: its

text: member

text: teams

text: regarding

text: this

text: practice

text: but

text: have

text: been

text: successful

text: in

text: halting

text: it.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: Pro

text: Bowl

text: traditionally

text: played

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: NFL

text: season

text: since

text: is

text: played

text: the

text: week

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: an

text: exhibition

text: game

question: How many preseason exhibition games does an NFL team play?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is the one exception to the NFL's 4-preseason-game limit?

answer: the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game

text: the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game

question: What month are most NFL preseason games in?

answer: August

text: August

question: How many players can an NFL team have in the off-season?

answer: 90

question: How many players can an NFL team have in the regular season?

answer: 53

question: How many postseason exhibition games doesn't NFL team play

text: four

question: What team sport has very unstructured preseason's?

text: National Football League

question: What games are played to help coaches expand the roster?

text: four pre-season exhibition games

question: What bowl game is traditionally played the beginning of the NFL season

text: The Pro Bowl,

question: What was the last year that NFL teams were only allowed to play other NFL teams?


text: Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial attendance of more than 19.9 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other translations. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: is

text: a

text: millenarian

text: restorationist

text: Christian

text: denomination

text: with

text: nontrinitarian

text: beliefs

text: distinct

text: from

text: mainstream

text: Christianity

text: The

text: group

text: claims

text: a

text: worldwide

text: membership

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: adherents

text: involved

text: in

text: evangelism

text: convention

text: attendance

text: figures

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: and

text: an

text: annual

text: Memorial

text: attendance

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: directed

text: by

text: the

text: Governing

text: Body

text: of

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: elders

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: New

text: York

text: which

text: establishes

text: all

text: doctrines

text: based

text: on

text: its

text: interpretations

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: They

text: prefer

text: to

text: use

text: their

text: own

text: translation

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Translation

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Scriptures

text: although

text: their

text: literature

text: occasionally

text: quotes

text: and

text: cites

text: other

text: translations

text: They

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: world

text: system

text: at

text: Armageddon

text: is

text: imminent

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: kingdom

text: over

text: the

text: earth

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: solution

text: for

text: all

text: problems

text: faced

text: by

text: humanity

question: What are the Jehovah Witnesses?

answer: millenarian restorationist Christian denomination

text: millenarian restorationist Christian denomination

question: What are the beliefs of Jehovah Witnesses distinct from?

answer: mainstream Christianity

text: mainstream Christianity

question: How many adherents worldwide does the group claim?

answer: more than 8.2 million

text: more than 8.2 million

question: Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses?

answer: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses

text: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses

question: Where are the group elders located?

answer: Brooklyn, New York

text: Brooklyn, New York

question: How many Jehovah Witnesses adherents live in the United States?

text: 8.2 million

question: Where was Jehovah Witnesses founded?

text: Brooklyn, New York

question: How many Jehovah Witnesses are involved in evangelism in the United States?

text: 8.2 million

question: Where do Jehovah Witnesses believe Armageddon will get its start?

text: Brooklyn, New York


text: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in Romania.[better source needed]

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: Conversely

text: some

text: Slavs

text: were

text: assimilated

text: into

text: other

text: populations

text: Although

text: the

text: majority

text: continued

text: south

text: attracted

text: by

text: the

text: riches

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: which

text: would

text: become

text: Bulgaria

text: a

text: few

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: basin

text: and

text: were

text: ultimately

text: assimilated

text: into

text: the

text: Magyar

text: or

text: Romanian

text: population

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: river

text: names

text: and

text: other

text: placenames

text: of

text: Slavic

text: origin

text: in

text: Romania.[better

text: source

text: needed

question: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?

answer: the Magyar or Romanian population

text: the Magyar or Romanian population

question: There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country?

answer: Romania

text: Romania

question: Majority of Slavs continued south to the riches of the territory that became what country?

answer: Bulgaria

text: Bulgaria

question: Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain?

answer: Carpathian basin

text: Carpathian basin

question: Who were the Slavs in Bulgaria assimilated by?

text: the Magyar or Romanian population

question: What was attractive about the Magyar?

text: the riches of the territory

question: What have slavic origins in Bulgaria?

text: river names and other placenames

question: What basin did most Slavs end up in?

text: the Carpathian basin

question: Which direction did the Romanians travel in?

text: south


text: If the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I. By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: If

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: was

text: now

text: going

text: to

text: side

text: with

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: had

text: no

text: choice

text: but

text: to

text: cultivate

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: which

text: was

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: In

text: a

text: few

text: years

text: these

text: alignments

text: became

text: the

text: Triple

text: Entente

text: and

text: the

text: Triple

text: Alliance

text: already

text: formed

text: in

text: which

text: were

text: in

text: part

text: a

text: cause

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I.

text: By

text: its

text: end

text: in

text: three

text: empires

text: were

text: gone

text: a

text: fourth

text: was

text: about

text: to

text: fall

text: to

text: revolution

text: and

text: two

text: more

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: yield

text: in

text: revolutions

text: started

text: under

text: the

text: aegis

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: ideologies

question: The Ottoman Empire had no choice but to develop their relationship with what country?

answer: Austro-Hungarian Empire

text: Austro-Hungarian Empire

question: Who supported the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

answer: the German Empire

text: the German Empire

question: Who did the British Empire side with?

answer: the Russian Empire

text: the Russian Empire

question: The formation of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance partly caused what?

answer: World War I

text: World War I

question: By what year were three empires gone?

answer: 1918


text: Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties. Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour, against their will. All Polish males were required to perform forced labour. While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich. In the winter of 1939–40, about 100,000 Jews were thus deported to Poland. They were initially gathered into massive urban ghettos, such as 380,000 held in the Warsaw Ghetto, where large numbers died under the harsh conditions therein, including 43,000 in the Warsaw Ghetto alone. Poles and ethnic Jews were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. In Auschwitz, which began operating on 14 June 1940, 1.1 million people died.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Although

text: Germany

text: used

text: forced

text: labourers

text: in

text: most

text: occupied

text: countries

text: Poles

text: and

text: other

text: Slavs

text: were

text: viewed

text: as

text: inferior

text: by

text: Nazi

text: propaganda

text: thus

text: better

text: suited

text: for

text: such

text: duties

text: Between

text: and

text: million

text: Polish

text: citizens

text: were

text: transported

text: to

text: the

text: Reich

text: for

text: forced

text: labour

text: against

text: their

text: will

text: All

text: Polish

text: males

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: perform

text: forced

text: labour

text: While

text: ethnic

text: Poles

text: were

text: subject

text: to

text: selective

text: persecution

text: all

text: ethnic

text: Jews

text: were

text: targeted

text: by

text: the

text: Reich

text: In

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: about

text: Jews

text: were

text: thus

text: deported

text: to

text: Poland

text: They

text: were

text: initially

text: gathered

text: into

text: massive

text: urban

text: ghettos

text: such

text: as

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Ghetto

text: where

text: large

text: numbers

text: died

text: under

text: the

text: harsh

text: conditions

text: therein

text: including

text: in

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Ghetto

text: alone

text: Poles

text: and

text: ethnic

text: Jews

text: were

text: imprisoned

text: in

text: nearly

text: every

text: camp

text: of

text: the

text: extensive

text: concentration

text: camp

text: system

text: in

text: German

text: occupied

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Reich

text: In

text: Auschwitz

text: which

text: began

text: operating

text: on

text: June

text: million

text: people

text: died

question: How many Jews were forced to live within the Warsaw Ghetto?

answer: 380,000

question: How many Jews died in the Warsa Ghetto?

answer: 43,000

question: Which group of people were considered inferior?

answer: Poles and other Slavs

text: Poles and other Slavs

question: How many Polish people were used in labor camps?

answer: Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens

text: Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens

question: How many people are believed to have died in Auschwitz?

answer: 1.1 million people

text: 1.1 million people

question: How many Jews were forced to live outside of the Warsaw Ghetto?

question: How many Jews survived in the Warsa Ghetto?

question: Which group of people were considered superior?

text: Poles and other Slavs

question: How many Polish people weren't used in labor camps?

question: How many people are believed to have lived in Auschwitz?

text: 1.1 million people died


text: A week after the implementation of the no-fly zone, NATO announced that it would be enforced. On 30 April a NATO airstrike killed Gaddafi's sixth son and three of his grandsons in Tripoli, though Gaddafi and his wife were unharmed. Western officials remained divided over whether Gaddafi was a legitimate military target under the U.N. Security Council resolution. U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said that NATO was "not targeting Gaddafi specifically" but that his command-and-control facilities were legitimate targets—including a facility inside his sprawling Tripoli compound that was hit with airstrikes on 25 April.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: A

text: week

text: after

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: no

text: fly

text: zone

text: NATO

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: enforced

text: On

text: April

text: a

text: NATO

text: airstrike

text: killed

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: sixth

text: son

text: and

text: three

text: of

text: his

text: grandsons

text: in

text: Tripoli

text: though

text: Gaddafi

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: were

text: unharmed

text: Western

text: officials

text: remained

text: divided

text: over

text: whether

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: a

text: legitimate

text: military

text: target

text: under

text: the

text: U.N.

text: Security

text: Council

text: resolution

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: Robert

text: Gates

text: said

text: that

text: NATO

text: was

text: not

text: targeting

text: Gaddafi

text: specifically

text: but

text: that

text: his

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: facilities

text: were

text: legitimate

text: targets

text: including

text: a

text: facility

text: inside

text: his

text: sprawling

text: Tripoli

text: compound

text: that

text: was

text: hit

text: with

text: airstrikes

text: on

text: April

question: On what date did NATO kill Gaddafi's son?

answer: 30 April

text: 30 April

question: What organization killed Gaddafi's grandsons?

answer: NATO

text: NATO

question: At the time of these events, what was Robert Gates' title?

answer: Secretary of Defense

text: Secretary of Defense

question: What city did NATO bomb on 25 April?

answer: Tripoli

text: Tripoli


text: The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are:

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: The

text: multitude

text: of

text: Middle

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: and

text: peoples

text: indicate

text: that

text: great

text: linguistic

text: diversity

text: must

text: have

text: existed

text: among

text: the

text: ancient

text: speakers

text: of

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: Of

text: that

text: variety

text: of

text: languages

text: dialects

text: direct

text: evidence

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: have

text: survived

text: These

text: are

question: What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers?

answer: linguistic diversity

text: linguistic diversity

question: How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time?

answer: two

text: two

question: What characteristic of middle Iranian civilization is shown by the limited number of languages and speakers?

question: How many middle Iranian languages are still spoken today?

text: two

question: What languages were spoken by a limited number of people?

text: Middle Iranian


text: France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis. A month prior to the siege of Nice, France supported the Ottomans with an artillery unit during the 1543 Ottoman conquest of Esztergom in northern Hungary. After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: united

text: by

text: mutual

text: opposition

text: to

text: Habsburg

text: rule

text: became

text: strong

text: allies

text: The

text: French

text: conquests

text: of

text: Nice

text: and

text: Corsica

text: occurred

text: as

text: a

text: joint

text: venture

text: between

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: king

text: Francis

text: I

text: and

text: Suleiman

text: and

text: were

text: commanded

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: admirals

text: Barbarossa

text: Hayreddin

text: Pasha

text: and

text: Turgut

text: Reis

text: A

text: month

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Nice

text: France

text: supported

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: with

text: an

text: artillery

text: unit

text: during

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: conquest

text: of

text: Esztergom

text: in

text: northern

text: Hungary

text: After

text: further

text: advances

text: by

text: the

text: Turks

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: ruler

text: Ferdinand

text: officially

text: recognized

text: Ottoman

text: ascendancy

text: in

text: Hungary

text: in

question: France and the Ottoman Empire united against what?

answer: Habsburg rule

text: Habsburg rule

question: Where did the French lay conquest in 1553?

answer: Corsica

text: Corsica

question: The conquest of Nice was an effort by Suleiman and what French king?

answer: Francis I

text: Francis I

question: What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice?

answer: Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis

text: Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis

question: What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547?

answer: Ferdinand

text: Ferdinand


text: Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities. The facilities in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area and in Massachusetts General Hospital are affiliated with Harvard Medical School. Tufts Medical Center (formerly Tufts-New England Medical Center), located in the southern portion of the Chinatown neighborhood, is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine. Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area; it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: Many

text: of

text: Boston

text: 's

text: medical

text: facilities

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: universities

text: The

text: facilities

text: in

text: the

text: Longwood

text: Medical

text: and

text: Academic

text: Area

text: and

text: in

text: Massachusetts

text: General

text: Hospital

text: are

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Harvard

text: Medical

text: School

text: Tufts

text: Medical

text: Center

text: formerly

text: Tufts

text: New

text: England

text: Medical

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Chinatown

text: neighborhood

text: is

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Tufts

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: Boston

text: Medical

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: End

text: neighborhood

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: teaching

text: facility

text: for

text: the

text: Boston

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: trauma

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: Boston

text: area

text: it

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Boston

text: University

text: Hospital

text: and

text: Boston

text: City

text: Hospital

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: municipal

text: hospital

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: A lot of Bostond medical facilities are associated with what?

answer: universities

text: universities

question: The Longwood medical and Academic Area is affiliated with what medical school?

answer: Harvard Medical School

text: Harvard Medical School

question: Tufts- new England medical Center was renamed what?

answer: Tufts Medical Center

text: Tufts Medical Center

question: What neighborhood is the Tufts medical Center located in?

answer: Chinatown

text: Chinatown

question: What is the name of the first municipal Hospital in the US?

answer: Boston City Hospital

text: Boston City Hospital


text: The immediate chain of events leading to France and the United Kingdom declaring war on Russia on 27 and 28 March 1854 came from the ambition of the French emperor Napoleon III to restore the grandeur of France. He wanted Catholic support that would come his way if he attacked Eastern Orthodoxy, as sponsored by Russia.:103 The Marquis Charles de La Valette was a zealous Catholic and a leading member of the "clerical party," which demanded French protection of the Roman Catholic rights to the holy places in Palestine. In May 1851, Napoleon appointed La Valette as his ambassador to the Porte (the Ottoman Empire).:7–9 The appointment was made with the intent of forcing the Ottomans to recognise France as the "sovereign authority" over the Christian population.:19 Russia disputed this attempted change in authority. Pointing to two more treaties, one in 1757 and the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, the Ottomans reversed their earlier decision, renouncing the French treaty and insisting that Russia was the protector of the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: immediate

text: chain

text: of

text: events

text: leading

text: to

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: declaring

text: war

text: on

text: Russia

text: on

text: and

text: March

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: ambition

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: emperor

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: to

text: restore

text: the

text: grandeur

text: of

text: France

text: He

text: wanted

text: Catholic

text: support

text: that

text: would

text: come

text: his

text: way

text: if

text: he

text: attacked

text: Eastern

text: Orthodoxy

text: as

text: sponsored

text: by

text: The

text: Marquis

text: Charles

text: de

text: La

text: Valette

text: was

text: a

text: zealous

text: Catholic

text: and

text: a

text: leading

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: clerical

text: party

text: which

text: demanded

text: French

text: protection

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: holy

text: places

text: in

text: Palestine

text: In

text: May

text: Napoleon

text: appointed

text: La

text: Valette

text: as

text: his

text: ambassador

text: to

text: the

text: Porte

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: The

text: appointment

text: was

text: made

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: forcing

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: to

text: recognise

text: France

text: as

text: the

text: sovereign

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: Christian

text: Russia

text: disputed

text: this

text: attempted

text: change

text: in

text: authority

text: Pointing

text: to

text: two

text: more

text: treaties

text: one

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Küçük

text: Kaynarca

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: reversed

text: their

text: earlier

text: decision

text: renouncing

text: the

text: French

text: treaty

text: and

text: insisting

text: that

text: Russia

text: was

text: the

text: protector

text: of

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

question: In what year did France and the U.K declare war on Russia?

answer: 1854

question: What individual was responsible for France and the U.K declaring war on Russia?

answer: Napoleon III

text: Napoleon III

question: Who demanded protection for Roman Catholic rights in sacred places in Palestine?

answer: Charles de La Valette

text: Charles de La Valette

question: Charles de La Valette was a devoted and leading member of what party?

answer: clerical party

text: clerical party

question: What position did Napoleon III appoint to La Valette?

answer: ambassador to the Porte

text: ambassador to the Porte


text: New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, Design New Haven. The Register also backs PLAY magazine, a weekly entertainment publication. The city is also served by several student-run papers, including the Yale Daily News, the weekly Yale Herald and a humor tabloid, Rumpus Magazine. WTNH Channel 8, the ABC affiliate for Connecticut, WCTX Channel 59, the MyNetworkTV affiliate for the state, and Connecticut Public Television station WEDY channel 65, a PBS affiliate, broadcast from New Haven. All New York City news and sports team stations broadcast to New Haven County.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: daily

text: New

text: Haven

text: Register

text: the

text: weekly

text: alternative

text: New

text: Haven

text: Advocate

text: which

text: is

text: run

text: by

text: Tribune

text: the

text: corporation

text: owning

text: the

text: Hartford

text: Courant

text: the

text: online

text: daily

text: New

text: Haven

text: Independent

text: and

text: the

text: monthly

text: Grand

text: News

text: Community

text: Newspaper

text: Downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: an

text: in

text: depth

text: civic

text: news

text: forum

text: Design

text: New

text: Haven

text: The

text: Register

text: also

text: backs

text: PLAY

text: magazine

text: a

text: weekly

text: entertainment

text: publication

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: served

text: by

text: several

text: student

text: run

text: papers

text: including

text: the

text: Yale

text: Daily

text: News

text: the

text: weekly

text: Yale

text: Herald

text: and

text: a

text: humor

text: tabloid

text: Rumpus

text: Magazine

text: WTNH

text: Channel

text: the

text: ABC

text: affiliate

text: for

text: Connecticut

text: WCTX

text: Channel

text: the

text: MyNetworkTV

text: affiliate

text: for

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: Connecticut

text: Public

text: Television

text: station

text: WEDY

text: channel

text: a

text: PBS

text: affiliate

text: broadcast

text: from

text: New

text: Haven

text: All

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: news

text: and

text: sports

text: team

text: stations

text: broadcast

text: to

text: New

text: Haven

text: County

question: What is the name of the major daily editorial newspaper for the city of New Haven?

answer: New Haven Register

text: New Haven Register

question: What is the civic news forum that specifically reports on downtown New Haven?

answer: Design New Haven

text: Design New Haven

question: What weekly entertainment print news source for New Haven is backed by The Register?

answer: PLAY magazine

text: PLAY magazine

question: Channel 65 is New Haven's home to what PBS affiliate?

answer: Connecticut Public Television

text: Connecticut Public Television

question: What weekly publication in New Haven is issued by Yale University?

answer: Yale Herald

text: Yale Herald

question: What is the main newspaper company for New Haven?

answer: New Haven Register

text: New Haven Register

question: The other newspaper, New Haven Advocate is run by which company?

answer: Tribune

text: Tribune

question: There is newspaper company within the city that runs monthly, it's name ?

answer: Grand News Community Newspaper

text: Grand News Community Newspaper

question: What is the name of the tabloid that is run by mainly college students?

answer: Rumpus Magazine

text: Rumpus Magazine

question: In terms of news and sports does New Haven receive television broadcasting from other cities?

answer: All New York City news and sports

text: All New York City news and sports