text: The fast-growing I-4 corridor area, which runs through Central Florida and connects the cities of Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, has had a fairly even breakdown of Republican and Democratic voters. The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion, making it the biggest swing area in the state. Since the late 20th century, the voting results in this area, containing 40% of Florida voters, has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: The

text: fast

text: growing

text: corridor

text: area

text: which

text: runs

text: through

text: Central

text: Florida

text: and

text: connects

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Daytona

text: Beach

text: Orlando

text: and

text: Tampa

text: St

text: Petersburg

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: fairly

text: even

text: breakdown

text: of

text: Republican

text: and

text: Democratic

text: voters

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: merging

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: conservative

text: northern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: liberal

text: southern

text: portion

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: biggest

text: swing

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: voting

text: results

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: containing

text: of

text: Florida

text: voters

text: has

text: often

text: determined

text: who

text: will

text: win

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Florida

text: in

text: presidential

text: elections

question: What is the make up politically of florida's fastest growing area

answer: Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, has had a fairly even breakdown of Republican and Democratic voters

text: Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, has had a fairly even breakdown of Republican and Democratic voters

question: The area is viewed as what politically

answer: The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion

text: The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion

question: The vote in this area since the late 20th century decides what

answer: the voting results in this area, containing 40% of Florida voters, has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections

text: the voting results in this area, containing 40% of Florida voters, has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections

question: What is the slowest growing corridor?

text: I-4 corridor

question: What does the I-5 corridor run through?

question: What party dominates I-4 corridor?

text: Democratic

question: What breakdown is fairly uneven?

text: Republican and Democratic voters

question: What has happened since the late 19th century?


text: Heat is energy in transit that flows due to temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that is associated with emission from an object, due to the vibration of its molecules at a given temperature. Thermal radiation can be emitted from objects at any wavelength, and at very high temperatures such radiations are associated with spectra far above the infrared, extending into visible, ultraviolet, and even X-ray regions (i.e., the solar corona). Thus, the popular association of infrared radiation with thermal radiation is only a coincidence based on typical (comparatively low) temperatures often found near the surface of planet Earth.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: Heat

text: is

text: energy

text: in

text: transit

text: that

text: flows

text: due

text: to

text: temperature

text: difference

text: Unlike

text: heat

text: transmitted

text: by

text: thermal

text: conduction

text: or

text: thermal

text: convection

text: thermal

text: radiation

text: can

text: propagate

text: through

text: a

text: vacuum

text: Thermal

text: radiation

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: particular

text: spectrum

text: of

text: many

text: wavelengths

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: emission

text: from

text: an

text: object

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: vibration

text: of

text: its

text: molecules

text: at

text: a

text: given

text: temperature

text: Thermal

text: radiation

text: can

text: be

text: emitted

text: from

text: objects

text: at

text: any

text: wavelength

text: and

text: at

text: very

text: high

text: temperatures

text: such

text: radiations

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: spectra

text: far

text: above

text: the

text: infrared

text: extending

text: into

text: visible

text: ultraviolet

text: and

text: even

text: X

text: ray

text: regions

text: i.e.

text: the

text: solar

text: corona

text: Thus

text: the

text: popular

text: association

text: of

text: infrared

text: radiation

text: with

text: thermal

text: radiation

text: is

text: only

text: a

text: coincidence

text: based

text: on

text: typical

text: comparatively

text: low

text: temperatures

text: often

text: found

text: near

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: planet

text: Earth

question: What is the term for transit energy flowing as a result of differences in temperature?

answer: Heat

text: Heat

question: What type of heat transmission can propagate through a vacuum?

answer: thermal radiation

text: thermal radiation

question: What object emits thermal radiation in the X-ray spectrum?

answer: the solar corona

text: the solar corona

question: The visible, ultraviolet and X-ray spectra are all above what spectrum?

answer: infrared

text: infrared

question: How does heat propagate through a vaccuum?

text: flows due to temperature difference

question: What object emits heat in the x-ray spectrum?

text: the solar corona

question: How is heat associated with emission from an object?

question: What spectra is heat extended into?

question: What is the association of heat with thermal radiation?


text: Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his "Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced "forced savings" on the capital sector and about the definition of a "natural" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced "a remarkable crop of critics" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate "could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past."

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: Also

text: in

text: Hayek

text: critiqued

text: Keynes

text: 's

text: Treatise

text: on

text: Money

text: in

text: his

text: Reflections

text: on

text: the

text: pure

text: theory

text: of

text: Mr.

text: J.

text: M.

text: Keynes

text: and

text: published

text: his

text: lectures

text: at

text: the

text: LSE

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: as

text: Prices

text: and

text: Production

text: Unemployment

text: and

text: idle

text: resources

text: are

text: for

text: Keynes

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: effective

text: demand

text: for

text: Hayek

text: they

text: stem

text: from

text: a

text: previous

text: unsustainable

text: episode

text: of

text: easy

text: money

text: and

text: artificially

text: low

text: interest

text: rates

text: Keynes

text: asked

text: his

text: friend

text: Piero

text: Sraffa

text: to

text: respond

text: Sraffa

text: elaborated

text: on

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: inflation

text: induced

text: forced

text: savings

text: on

text: the

text: capital

text: sector

text: and

text: about

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: natural

text: interest

text: rate

text: in

text: a

text: growing

text: economy

text: Others

text: who

text: responded

text: negatively

text: to

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: business

text: cycle

text: included

text: John

text: Hicks

text: Frank

text: Knight

text: and

text: Gunnar

text: Myrdal

text: Kaldor

text: later

text: wrote

text: that

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: Prices

text: and

text: Production

text: had

text: produced

text: a

text: remarkable

text: crop

text: of

text: critics

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: pages

text: in

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: journals

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: resulting

text: debate

text: could

text: rarely

text: have

text: been

text: equalled

text: in

text: the

text: economic

text: controversies

text: of

text: the

text: past

question: Hayek's critical analysis of Keyne's work was published under what title?

answer: Prices and Production

text: Prices and Production

question: Apart from easy money, what did Hayek believe unemployment was caused by?

answer: artificially low interest rates

text: artificially low interest rates

question: Who did Keynes turn to for assistance in arguing his point to Hayek?

answer: Piero Sraffa

text: Piero Sraffa

question: According to Nicholas Kaldor, what had Hayek's book created?

answer: "a remarkable crop of critics"

text: "a remarkable crop of critics"


text: In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily. Only understanding (prajñā or vipassana) eradicates the defilements completely. Jhanas are also states that Arahants abide in order to rest.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: In

text: Buddhist

text: practice

text: it

text: is

text: said

text: that

text: while

text: samatha

text: meditation

text: can

text: calm

text: the

text: mind

text: only

text: vipassanā

text: meditation

text: can

text: reveal

text: how

text: the

text: mind

text: was

text: disturbed

text: to

text: start

text: with

text: which

text: is

text: what

text: leads

text: to

text: insight

text: knowledge

text: jñāna

text: Pāli

text: ñāṇa

text: and

text: understanding

text: prajñā

text: Pāli

text: paññā

text: and

text: thus

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: nirvāṇa

text: Pāli

text: nibbāna

text: When

text: one

text: is

text: in

text: jhana

text: all

text: defilements

text: are

text: suppressed

text: temporarily

text: Only

text: understanding

text: prajñā

text: or

text: vipassana

text: eradicates

text: the

text: defilements

text: completely

text: Jhanas

text: are

text: also

text: states

text: that

text: Arahants

text: abide

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: rest

question: In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what?

answer: mind

text: mind

question: Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what?

answer: disturbed

text: disturbed

question: What is the term for insight knowledge?

answer: jñāna

text: jñāna

question: What is the term for understanding?

answer: prajñā

text: prajñā

question: What eradicates the defilements completely?

answer: understanding

text: understanding


text: Areas that should not be soldered may be covered with solder resist (solder mask). One of the most common solder resists used today is called "LPI" (liquid photoimageable solder mask).  A photo-sensitive coating is applied to the surface of the PWB, then exposed to light through the solder mask image film, and finally developed where the unexposed areas are washed away. Dry film solder mask is similar to the dry film used to image the PWB for plating or etching. After being laminated to the PWB surface it is imaged and develop as LPI. Once common but no longer commonly used because of its low accuracy and resolution is to screen print epoxy ink. Solder resist also provides protection from the environment.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Areas

text: that

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: soldered

text: may

text: be

text: covered

text: with

text: solder

text: resist

text: solder

text: mask

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: solder

text: resists

text: used

text: today

text: is

text: called

text: LPI

text: liquid

text: photoimageable

text: solder

text: mask

text: A

text: photo

text: sensitive

text: coating

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: PWB

text: then

text: exposed

text: to

text: light

text: through

text: the

text: solder

text: mask

text: image

text: film

text: and

text: finally

text: developed

text: where

text: the

text: unexposed

text: areas

text: are

text: washed

text: away

text: Dry

text: film

text: solder

text: mask

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: dry

text: film

text: used

text: to

text: image

text: the

text: PWB

text: for

text: plating

text: or

text: etching

text: After

text: being

text: laminated

text: to

text: the

text: PWB

text: surface

text: it

text: is

text: imaged

text: and

text: develop

text: as

text: LPI

text: Once

text: common

text: but

text: no

text: longer

text: commonly

text: used

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: low

text: accuracy

text: and

text: resolution

text: is

text: to

text: screen

text: print

text: epoxy

text: ink

text: Solder

text: resist

text: also

text: provides

text: protection

text: from

text: the

text: environment

question: If part of a PCB isn't solderable, what can be used instead?

answer: solder resist

text: solder resist

question: What's another term used for "solder resist"?

answer: solder mask

text: solder mask

question: What solder resist with a four-word name is a popular choice in the industry?

answer: liquid photoimageable solder mask

text: liquid photoimageable solder mask

question: What kind of coating gets applied to the PWB before light exposure?

answer: photo-sensitive

text: photo-sensitive

question: What solder resist is so inaccurate that few choose it anymore?

answer: screen print epoxy ink

text: screen print epoxy ink

question: Areas that should be soldered may be covered with what?

text: solder resist

question: A photo-sensitive coating is applied beneath the surface of what?

text: the PWB

question: Wet film solder mask is similar to what?

question: Screen print epoxy ink is commonly used why?

question: What doesn't provide protection from the environment?

text: Solder resist


text: Although Chancellor Wrighton had noted after the 2004 debate that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility, he subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates. "These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues, and they allow us to help bring national and international attention to the St. Louis region as one of America's great metropolitan areas," said Wrighton.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: Although

text: Chancellor

text: Wrighton

text: had

text: noted

text: after

text: the

text: debate

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: improbable

text: that

text: the

text: university

text: will

text: host

text: another

text: debate

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: eager

text: to

text: commit

text: to

text: the

text: possibility

text: he

text: subsequently

text: changed

text: his

text: view

text: and

text: the

text: university

text: submitted

text: a

text: bid

text: for

text: the

text: debates

text: These

text: one

text: of

text: a

text: kind

text: events

text: are

text: great

text: experiences

text: for

text: our

text: students

text: they

text: contribute

text: to

text: a

text: national

text: understanding

text: of

text: important

text: issues

text: and

text: they

text: allow

text: us

text: to

text: help

text: bring

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: St.

text: Louis

text: region

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: great

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: said

text: Wrighton

question: What was Chancellor Wrighton's initial sentiment to hosting another presidential debate at Washington University after 2004?

answer: it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility

text: it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility

question: What did  Chancellor Wrighton state as one of the reasons for hosting another debate at Washington University?

answer: These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues

text: These one-of-a-kind events are great experiences for our students, they contribute to a national understanding of important issues

question: What year did Chancellor Wrighton submit another bid for a presidential debate at Washington University after 2004?

answer: 2008

question: In what year did Wrighton become Chancellor?

question: Who said it would be "probable" that their university would ask to host another debate in 2004?

text: Chancellor Wrighton

question: Who said "These common events are a great experience for our students..." in 2008?

text: Chancellor Wrighton

question: What type of events bring local attention to the St. Louis region?

text: debate

question: What was the very first year that Washington University hosted a presidential debate?


text: Callaghan had been widely expected to call a general election in the autumn of 1978 when most opinion polls showed Labour to have a narrow lead. However he decided to extend his wage restraint policy for another year hoping that the economy would be in a better shape for a 1979 election. But during the winter of 1978–79 there were widespread strikes among lorry drivers, railway workers, car workers and local government and hospital workers in favour of higher pay-rises that caused significant disruption to everyday life. These events came to be dubbed the "Winter of Discontent".

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: Callaghan

text: had

text: been

text: widely

text: expected

text: to

text: call

text: a

text: general

text: election

text: in

text: the

text: autumn

text: of

text: when

text: most

text: opinion

text: polls

text: showed

text: Labour

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: narrow

text: lead

text: However

text: he

text: decided

text: to

text: extend

text: his

text: wage

text: restraint

text: policy

text: for

text: another

text: year

text: hoping

text: that

text: the

text: economy

text: would

text: be

text: in

text: a

text: better

text: shape

text: for

text: a

text: election

text: But

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: widespread

text: strikes

text: among

text: lorry

text: drivers

text: railway

text: workers

text: car

text: workers

text: and

text: local

text: government

text: and

text: hospital

text: workers

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: higher

text: pay

text: rises

text: that

text: caused

text: significant

text: disruption

text: to

text: everyday

text: life

text: These

text: events

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: dubbed

text: the

text: Winter

text: of

text: Discontent

question: In what year was Labour shown to have a slight lead?

answer: 1978

question: Who were some of the people striking in 1978-1979?

answer: lorry drivers

text: lorry drivers

question: Why were they striking?

answer: higher pay

text: higher pay

question: What was this strike called?

answer: Winter of Discontent

text: Winter of Discontent

question: Who did no one expect to call for a general election?

text: Callaghan

question: When did the widespread strikes end?

question: Why were farmers striking?

text: in favour of higher pay-rises

question: What was called the "summer of discontent"?

text: These events

question: What group of people never went on strike?

text: lorry drivers


text: When it turned out that there would not be enough uranium-235 to make more than one bomb, the implosive lens project was greatly expanded and von Neumann's idea was implemented. Implosion was the only method that could be used with the plutonium-239 that was available from the Hanford Site. He established the design of the explosive lenses required, but there remained concerns about "edge effects" and imperfections in the explosives. His calculations showed that implosion would work if it did not depart by more than 5% from spherical symmetry. After a series of failed attempts with models, this was achieved by George Kistiakowsky, and the construction of the Trinity bomb was completed in July 1945.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: When

text: it

text: turned

text: out

text: that

text: there

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: enough

text: to

text: make

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: bomb

text: the

text: implosive

text: lens

text: project

text: was

text: greatly

text: expanded

text: and

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: idea

text: was

text: implemented

text: Implosion

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: method

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: the

text: that

text: was

text: available

text: from

text: the

text: Hanford

text: Site

text: He

text: established

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: explosive

text: lenses

text: required

text: but

text: there

text: remained

text: concerns

text: about

text: edge

text: effects

text: and

text: imperfections

text: in

text: the

text: explosives

text: His

text: calculations

text: showed

text: that

text: implosion

text: would

text: work

text: if

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: depart

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: from

text: spherical

text: symmetry

text: After

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: failed

text: attempts

text: with

text: models

text: this

text: was

text: achieved

text: by

text: George

text: Kistiakowsky

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Trinity

text: bomb

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: July

question: what change was made when shortage of uranium 235 was apparent?

answer: implosive lens project was greatly expanded

text: implosive lens project was greatly expanded

question: What was the tolerance limit for implosion "edge effect"?

answer: not depart by more than 5% from spherical symmetry

text: not depart by more than 5% from spherical symmetry

question: Who constructed Trinity bomb?

answer: George Kistiakowsky

text: George Kistiakowsky

question: In what year was Trinity bomb completed?

answer: 1945


text: Tucson has a desert climate (Köppen BWh), with two major seasons, summer and winter; plus three minor seasons: fall, spring, and the monsoon. Tucson averages 11.8 inches (299.7 mm) of precipitation per year, more than most other locations with desert climates, but it still qualifies due to its high evapotranspiration; in other words, it experiences a high net loss of water. A similar scenario is seen in Alice Springs, Australia, which averages 11 inches (279.4 mm) a year, but has a desert climate.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Tucson

text: has

text: a

text: desert

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: BWh

text: with

text: two

text: major

text: seasons

text: summer

text: and

text: winter

text: plus

text: three

text: minor

text: seasons

text: fall

text: spring

text: and

text: the

text: monsoon

text: Tucson

text: averages

text: inches

text: mm

text: of

text: precipitation

text: per

text: year

text: more

text: than

text: most

text: other

text: locations

text: with

text: desert

text: climates

text: but

text: it

text: still

text: qualifies

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: high

text: evapotranspiration

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: it

text: experiences

text: a

text: high

text: net

text: loss

text: of

text: water

text: A

text: similar

text: scenario

text: is

text: seen

text: in

text: Alice

text: Springs

text: Australia

text: which

text: averages

text: inches

text: mm

text: a

text: year

text: but

text: has

text: a

text: desert

text: climate

question: What kind of climate is Tuscon?

answer: desert

text: desert

question: What is the average amount of  yearly precipitation in Tuscon in inches?

answer: 11.8

question: What other city is similar to Tuscon in precipitation and climate?

answer: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs

question: What does Tuscon have more than most desert climates?

answer: precipitation

text: precipitation

question: What does Tuscon have a high net loss of?

answer: water

text: water

question: What is Tucson's climate type?

answer: desert

text: desert

question: How much rain does Tucson get each year?

answer: 11.8 inches (299.7 mm)

text: 11.8 inches (299.7 mm)

question: What is evapotranspiration?

answer: net loss of water

text: net loss of water

question: Which Australian town has a similar climate as Tucson?

answer: Alice Springs

text: Alice Springs

question: What is Alice Springs's average rainfall?

answer: 11 inches (279.4 mm)

text: 11 inches (279.4 mm)


text: Although most often associated with the People's Republic of China, character simplification predates the 1949 communist victory. Caoshu, cursive written text, almost always includes character simplification, and simplified forms have always existed in print, albeit not for the most formal works. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and a large number of Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. Indeed, this desire by the Kuomintang to simplify the Chinese writing system (inherited and implemented by the Communist Party of China) also nursed aspirations of some for the adoption of a phonetic script based on the Latin script, and spawned such inventions as the Gwoyeu Romatzyh.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Although

text: most

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: character

text: simplification

text: predates

text: the

text: communist

text: victory

text: Caoshu

text: cursive

text: written

text: text

text: almost

text: always

text: includes

text: character

text: simplification

text: and

text: simplified

text: forms

text: have

text: always

text: existed

text: in

text: print

text: albeit

text: not

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: formal

text: works

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: discussions

text: on

text: character

text: simplification

text: took

text: place

text: within

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: government

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: Chinese

text: intellectuals

text: and

text: writers

text: have

text: long

text: maintained

text: that

text: character

text: simplification

text: would

text: help

text: boost

text: literacy

text: in

text: China

text: Indeed

text: this

text: desire

text: by

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: to

text: simplify

text: the

text: Chinese

text: writing

text: system

text: inherited

text: and

text: implemented

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: also

text: nursed

text: aspirations

text: of

text: some

text: for

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: a

text: phonetic

text: script

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Latin

text: script

text: and

text: spawned

text: such

text: inventions

text: as

text: the

text: Gwoyeu

text: Romatzyh

question: What almost always includes character simplification?

answer: Caoshu

text: Caoshu

question: What is Caoshu?

answer: cursive written text

text: cursive written text

question: When did discussions of character simplification take place?

answer: In the 1930s and 1940s

text: In the 1930s and 1940s


text: In 1984, each league had two divisions, East and West. The divisional winners met in a best-of-5 series to advance to the World Series, in a "2–3" format, first two games were played at the home of the team who did not have home field advantage. Then the last three games were played at the home of the team, with home field advantage. Thus the first two games were played at Wrigley Field and the next three at the home of their opponents, San Diego. A common and unfounded myth is that since Wrigley Field did not have lights at that time the National League decided to give the home field advantage to the winner of the NL West. In fact, home field advantage had rotated between the winners of the East and West since 1969 when the league expanded. In even numbered years, the NL West had home field advantage. In odd numbered years, the NL East had home field advantage. Since the NL East winners had had home field advantage in 1983, the NL West winners were entitled to it.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: In

text: each

text: league

text: had

text: two

text: divisions

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: The

text: divisional

text: winners

text: met

text: in

text: a

text: best

text: series

text: to

text: advance

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: in

text: a

text: format

text: first

text: two

text: games

text: were

text: played

text: at

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: Then

text: the

text: last

text: three

text: games

text: were

text: played

text: at

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: with

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: Thus

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: games

text: were

text: played

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: and

text: the

text: next

text: three

text: at

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: their

text: opponents

text: San

text: Diego

text: A

text: common

text: and

text: unfounded

text: myth

text: is

text: that

text: since

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: lights

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: decided

text: to

text: give

text: the

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: to

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: NL

text: West

text: In

text: fact

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: had

text: rotated

text: between

text: the

text: winners

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: since

text: when

text: the

text: league

text: expanded

text: In

text: even

text: numbered

text: years

text: the

text: NL

text: West

text: had

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: In

text: odd

text: numbered

text: years

text: the

text: NL

text: East

text: had

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: Since

text: the

text: NL

text: East

text: winners

text: had

text: had

text: home

text: field

text: advantage

text: in

text: the

text: NL

text: West

text: winners

text: were

text: entitled

text: to

text: it

question: In what year did the league have two divisions?

answer: 1984

question: The division winners met in what kind of series to advance to the World Series?

answer: best-of-5 series

text: best-of-5 series

question: Where were the first two games of the 1984 division winners held?

answer: Wrigley Field

text: Wrigley Field


text: But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression. By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, and many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years and the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, first by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, and later by Sephardi immigrants and refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: But

text: after

text: emancipation

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: a

text: unified

text: French

text: Jewry

text: emerged

text: especially

text: when

text: France

text: was

text: wracked

text: by

text: the

text: Dreyfus

text: affair

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: from

text: Europe

text: arrived

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: as

text: refugees

text: from

text: antisemitism

text: the

text: Russian

text: revolution

text: and

text: the

text: economic

text: turmoil

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: By

text: the

text: Paris

text: had

text: a

text: vibrant

text: Yiddish

text: culture

text: and

text: many

text: Jews

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: diverse

text: political

text: movements

text: After

text: the

text: Vichy

text: years

text: and

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: the

text: French

text: Jewish

text: population

text: was

text: augmented

text: once

text: again

text: first

text: by

text: Ashkenazi

text: refugees

text: from

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: Sephardi

text: immigrants

text: and

text: refugees

text: from

text: North

text: Africa

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: francophone

question: When did the Dreyfus affair occur?

answer: 1890s

question: In what years did large numbers of Jews arrive in France?

answer: the 1920s and 1930s

text: the 1920s and 1930s

question: What three factors led to large numbers of Jews moving to France?

answer: antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression

text: antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression

question: By the 1930s, Paris was noted for which two things related to Jews?

answer: a vibrant Yiddish culture, and many Jews were involved in diverse political movements

text: a vibrant Yiddish culture, and many Jews were involved in diverse political movements


text: The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: The

text: Portuguese

text: explorer

text: Diogo

text: Cão

text: reached

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: in

text: Commercial

text: relationships

text: quickly

text: grew

text: between

text: the

text: inland

text: Bantu

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: European

text: merchants

text: who

text: traded

text: various

text: commodities

text: manufactured

text: goods

text: and

text: people

text: captured

text: from

text: the

text: hinterlands

text: After

text: centuries

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: hub

text: for

text: transatlantic

text: trade

text: direct

text: European

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: river

text: delta

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: subsequently

text: eroding

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Bantu

text: societies

text: in

text: the

text: region

question: Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484?

answer: Diogo Cão

text: Diogo Cão

question: What was Diogo Cao's nationality?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: What did European traders exchange with Bantu people?

answer: commodities, manufactured goods, and people

text: commodities, manufactured goods, and people

question: When did formal colonization of the Congo River delta begin?

answer: late 19th century

text: late 19th century

question: Colonization reduced the power of what groups in the Congo River basin?

answer: Bantu societies

text: Bantu societies

question: What Bantu explorer reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484?

text: Diogo Cão

question: What is an example of something that was not traded between the Bantu and European merchants?

text: manufactured goods

question: What was responsible for the power of Bantu societies growing in the late 19th century?

text: European colonization

question: What area did the Bantu colonize in the late 19th century?

text: the Congo river delta

question: Colonization increased the power of what group in the Congo River basin?

text: Bantu societies


text: The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added:

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: complete

text: list

text: of

text: ten

text: precepts

text: may

text: be

text: observed

text: by

text: laypeople

text: for

text: short

text: periods

text: For

text: the

text: complete

text: list

text: the

text: seventh

text: precept

text: is

text: partitioned

text: into

text: two

text: and

text: a

text: tenth

text: added

question: How many precepts are on the list?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: In the complete list of precepts, which one is partitioned into two?

answer: seventh

text: seventh


text: Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Swaziland's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: Swaziland

text: is

text: a

text: developing

text: country

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: economy

text: Its

text: GDP

text: per

text: capita

text: of

text: means

text: it

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: country

text: with

text: a

text: lower

text: middle

text: income

text: As

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Customs

text: Union

text: SACU

text: and

text: Common

text: Market

text: for

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: COMESA

text: its

text: main

text: local

text: trading

text: partner

text: is

text: South

text: Africa

text: Swaziland

text: 's

text: currency

text: the

text: lilangeni

text: is

text: pegged

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: rand

text: Swaziland

text: 's

text: major

text: overseas

text: trading

text: partners

text: are

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: employment

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: its

text: agricultural

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: sectors

text: Swaziland

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Development

text: Community

text: SADC

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

question: What is the per capita GDP of Swaziland?

answer: $9,714

question: What is the SACU?

answer: Southern African Customs Union

text: Southern African Customs Union

question: What does the acronym COMESA represent?

answer: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

text: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

question: What is the lilangeni?

answer: Swaziland's currency

text: Swaziland's currency

question: What form of currency is the lilangeni fixed to?

answer: South African rand

text: South African rand

question: Who is Swazilands main global trading partner?

text: South Africa

question: What is the currency of both Swaziland and South Africa?

text: rand

question: where is agriculture the top employer?

text: Swaziland

question: What nation is considered developed despite its small economy?

text: Swaziland


text: Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use today, such as the Baroque violin (which became the violin), the Baroque oboe (which became the oboe) and the Baroque trumpet, which transitioned to the regular valved trumpet.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Classical

text: musicians

text: continued

text: to

text: use

text: many

text: of

text: instruments

text: from

text: the

text: Baroque

text: era

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: cello

text: contrabass

text: recorder

text: trombone

text: timpani

text: fortepiano

text: and

text: organ

text: While

text: some

text: Baroque

text: instruments

text: fell

text: into

text: disuse

text: e.g.

text: the

text: theorbo

text: and

text: rackett

text: many

text: Baroque

text: instruments

text: were

text: changed

text: into

text: the

text: versions

text: that

text: are

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Baroque

text: violin

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: violin

text: the

text: Baroque

text: oboe

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: oboe

text: and

text: the

text: Baroque

text: trumpet

text: which

text: transitioned

text: to

text: the

text: regular

text: valved

text: trumpet

question: Classical musicians continued to use many instruments from what era?

answer: Baroque

text: Baroque

question: The theorbo and what other Baroque instrument fell into disuse?

answer: rackett

text: rackett

question: The Baroque violin became what modern instrument?

answer: the violin

text: the violin

question: What did the Baroque trumpet become?

answer: the regular valved trumpet

text: the regular valved trumpet


text: The evolution of the Greek sculpture can be observed in his depictions from the almost static formal Kouros type in early archaic period, to the representation of motion in a relative harmonious whole in late archaic period. In classical Greece the emphasis is not given to the illusive imaginative reality represented by the ideal forms, but to the analogies and the interaction of the members in the whole, a method created by Polykleitos. Finally Praxiteles seems to be released from any art and religious conformities, and his masterpieces are a mixture of naturalism with stylization.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: The

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: sculpture

text: can

text: be

text: observed

text: in

text: his

text: depictions

text: from

text: the

text: almost

text: static

text: formal

text: Kouros

text: type

text: in

text: early

text: archaic

text: period

text: to

text: the

text: representation

text: of

text: motion

text: in

text: a

text: relative

text: harmonious

text: whole

text: in

text: late

text: archaic

text: period

text: In

text: classical

text: Greece

text: the

text: emphasis

text: is

text: not

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: illusive

text: imaginative

text: reality

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: ideal

text: forms

text: but

text: to

text: the

text: analogies

text: and

text: the

text: interaction

text: of

text: the

text: members

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: a

text: method

text: created

text: by

text: Polykleitos

text: Finally

text: Praxiteles

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: from

text: any

text: art

text: and

text: religious

text: conformities

text: and

text: his

text: masterpieces

text: are

text: a

text: mixture

text: of

text: naturalism

text: with

text: stylization

question: Whose masterpieces are a mixture of naturallism with stylization?

answer: Praxiteles

text: Praxiteles

question: In whose depictions can the evolution of Greek sculpture be observed?

answer: Praxiteles

text: Praxiteles

question: Who seems to be released from any art and religious conformities?

answer: Praxiteles

text: Praxiteles


text: The city hosted the 1964 Democratic National Convention which nominated Lyndon Johnson for President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. The convention and the press coverage it generated, however, cast a harsh light on Atlantic City, which by then was in the midst of a long period of economic decline. Many felt that the friendship between Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes led Atlantic City to host the Democratic Convention.

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey

text: The

text: city

text: hosted

text: the

text: Democratic

text: National

text: Convention

text: which

text: nominated

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: for

text: President

text: and

text: Hubert

text: Humphrey

text: as

text: Vice

text: President

text: The

text: convention

text: and

text: the

text: press

text: coverage

text: it

text: generated

text: however

text: cast

text: a

text: harsh

text: light

text: on

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: which

text: by

text: then

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: midst

text: of

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: economic

text: decline

text: Many

text: felt

text: that

text: the

text: friendship

text: between

text: Johnson

text: and

text: Governor

text: of

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Richard

text: J.

text: Hughes

text: led

text: Atlantic

text: City

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Convention

question: What event was hosted by Atlantic City in 1964?

answer: Democratic National Convention

text: Democratic National Convention

question: Who was nominated for President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?

answer: Lyndon Johnson

text: Lyndon Johnson

question: Who was nominated for Vice President during the 1964 Democratic National Convention?

answer: Hubert Humphrey

text: Hubert Humphrey

question: Who was the Governor of New Jersey in 1964?

answer: Richard J. Hughes

text: Richard J. Hughes

question: Despite being in the midst of a long period of economic decline many felt that the Convention was only held in Atlantic city because of a friendship between what two men?

answer: Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes

text: Johnson and Governor of New Jersey Richard J. Hughes


text: When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party was the Rockingham Whigs under the leadership of Charles Watson-Wentworth and the intellectual guidance of the political philosopher Edmund Burke. Burke laid out a philosophy that described the basic framework of the political party as "a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed". As opposed to the instability of the earlier factions, which were often tied to a particular leader and could disintegrate if removed from power, the party was centred around a set of core principles and remained out of power as a united opposition to government.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: When

text: they

text: lost

text: power

text: the

text: old

text: Whig

text: leadership

text: dissolved

text: into

text: a

text: decade

text: of

text: factional

text: chaos

text: with

text: distinct

text: Grenvillite

text: Bedfordite

text: Rockinghamite

text: and

text: Chathamite

text: factions

text: successively

text: in

text: power

text: and

text: all

text: referring

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Whigs

text: Out

text: of

text: this

text: chaos

text: the

text: first

text: distinctive

text: parties

text: emerged

text: The

text: first

text: such

text: party

text: was

text: the

text: Rockingham

text: Whigs

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Charles

text: Watson

text: Wentworth

text: and

text: the

text: intellectual

text: guidance

text: of

text: the

text: political

text: philosopher

text: Edmund

text: Burke

text: Burke

text: laid

text: out

text: a

text: philosophy

text: that

text: described

text: the

text: basic

text: framework

text: of

text: the

text: political

text: party

text: as

text: a

text: body

text: of

text: men

text: united

text: for

text: promoting

text: by

text: their

text: joint

text: endeavours

text: the

text: national

text: interest

text: upon

text: some

text: particular

text: principle

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: all

text: agreed

text: As

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: instability

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: factions

text: which

text: were

text: often

text: tied

text: to

text: a

text: particular

text: leader

text: and

text: could

text: disintegrate

text: if

text: removed

text: from

text: power

text: the

text: party

text: was

text: centred

text: around

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: core

text: principles

text: and

text: remained

text: out

text: of

text: power

text: as

text: a

text: united

text: opposition

text: to

text: government

question: Who was the first distinctive Whig party that emerged from the chaos?

answer: the Rockingham Whigs

text: the Rockingham Whigs

question: Who was the leader of the Rockingham Whigs?

answer: Charles Watson-Wentworth

text: Charles Watson-Wentworth

question: What was the description for the basic framework of the Rockingham Whigs party?

answer: "a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed"

text: "a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed"

question: Did the Rockingham Whigs ever regain power as a opposition to the government?

answer: remained out of power as a united opposition to government.

text: remained out of power as a united opposition to government.

question: Who was the Bedfordite faction tied to that made them unstable?

text: a particular leader

question: How long did Edmund Burke remain a philosopher?

text: a decade

question: What group was lead by Edmund Burke?

text: Rockingham Whigs

question: What happened when Edmund Burke was removed from power?

text: factional chaos

question: What description was the basic framework for government created by Chathamite factions?


text: The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855. The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures. The 1858 conservative movement did not succeed in the state even after the successful military campaign of the conservative Zuloaga with 1,000 men occupied the cities of Chihuahua and Parral. In August 1859, Zuloaga and his forces were defeated by the liberal Orozco and his forces; Orozco soon after deposed the state governor, but had to flee to Durango two months later. In the late 1860s the conservative General Cajen briefly entered the state after his campaign through the state of Jalisco and helped establish conservative politicians and ran out the liberal leaders Jesús González Ortega and José María Patoni. Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in La Batalla del Gallo. Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state, but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state. The successful liberal leaders José María Patoni of Durango and J.E. Muñoz of Chihuahua quickly strengthened their standing by limiting the political rights of the clergy implementing the presidential decree. The state elected General Luis Terrazas, a liberal leader, as governor; he would continue to fight small battles within the state to suppress conservative uprisings during 1861.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: The

text: state

text: united

text: behind

text: the

text: Plan

text: of

text: Ayutla

text: and

text: ratified

text: the

text: new

text: constitution

text: in

text: The

text: state

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: survive

text: through

text: the

text: Reform

text: War

text: with

text: minimal

text: damage

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: liberal

text: political

text: figures

text: The

text: conservative

text: movement

text: did

text: not

text: succeed

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: even

text: after

text: the

text: successful

text: military

text: campaign

text: of

text: the

text: conservative

text: Zuloaga

text: with

text: men

text: occupied

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: and

text: Parral

text: In

text: August

text: Zuloaga

text: and

text: his

text: forces

text: were

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: liberal

text: Orozco

text: and

text: his

text: forces

text: Orozco

text: soon

text: after

text: deposed

text: the

text: state

text: governor

text: but

text: had

text: to

text: flee

text: to

text: Durango

text: two

text: months

text: later

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: the

text: conservative

text: General

text: Cajen

text: briefly

text: entered

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: his

text: campaign

text: through

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Jalisco

text: and

text: helped

text: establish

text: conservative

text: politicians

text: and

text: ran

text: out

text: the

text: liberal

text: leaders

text: Jesús

text: González

text: Ortega

text: and

text: José

text: María

text: Patoni

text: Cajen

text: took

text: possession

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: and

text: established

text: himself

text: as

text: governor

text: he

text: brooked

text: no

text: delay

text: in

text: uniting

text: a

text: large

text: force

text: to

text: combat

text: the

text: liberal

text: forces

text: which

text: he

text: defeated

text: in

text: La

text: Batalla

text: del

text: Gallo

text: Cajen

text: attained

text: several

text: advantages

text: over

text: the

text: liberals

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: but

text: soon

text: lost

text: his

text: standing

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: strong

text: resurgence

text: of

text: the

text: liberal

text: forces

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: successful

text: liberal

text: leaders

text: José

text: María

text: Patoni

text: of

text: Durango

text: and

text: J.E.

text: Muñoz

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: quickly

text: strengthened

text: their

text: standing

text: by

text: limiting

text: the

text: political

text: rights

text: of

text: the

text: clergy

text: implementing

text: the

text: presidential

text: decree

text: The

text: state

text: elected

text: General

text: Luis

text: Terrazas

text: a

text: liberal

text: leader

text: as

text: governor

text: he

text: would

text: continue

text: to

text: fight

text: small

text: battles

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: suppress

text: conservative

text: uprisings

text: during

question: In which year was the new constitution ratified?

answer: 1855

question: The state was able to survive through which war?

answer: Reform War

text: Reform War

question: The conservative movement occurred during which year?

answer: 1858

question: 1000 men occupied which cities?

answer: Chihuahua and Parral

text: Chihuahua and Parral

question: Who established himself as governor?

answer: Cajen

text: Cajen


text: Medieval thought experiments into the idea of a vacuum considered whether a vacuum was present, if only for an instant, between two flat plates when they were rapidly separated. There was much discussion of whether the air moved in quickly enough as the plates were separated, or, as Walter Burley postulated, whether a 'celestial agent' prevented the vacuum arising. The commonly held view that nature abhorred a vacuum was called horror vacui. Speculation that even God could not create a vacuum if he wanted to was shut down[clarification needed] by the 1277 Paris condemnations of Bishop Etienne Tempier, which required there to be no restrictions on the powers of God, which led to the conclusion that God could create a vacuum if he so wished. Jean Buridan reported in the 14th century that teams of ten horses could not pull open bellows when the port was sealed.

title: Vacuum

title: Vacuum

text: Medieval

text: thought

text: experiments

text: into

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: a

text: vacuum

text: considered

text: whether

text: a

text: vacuum

text: was

text: present

text: if

text: only

text: for

text: an

text: instant

text: between

text: two

text: flat

text: plates

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: rapidly

text: separated

text: There

text: was

text: much

text: discussion

text: of

text: whether

text: the

text: air

text: moved

text: in

text: quickly

text: enough

text: as

text: the

text: plates

text: were

text: separated

text: or

text: as

text: Walter

text: Burley

text: postulated

text: whether

text: a

text: celestial

text: agent

text: prevented

text: the

text: vacuum

text: arising

text: The

text: commonly

text: held

text: view

text: that

text: nature

text: abhorred

text: a

text: vacuum

text: was

text: called

text: horror

text: vacui

text: Speculation

text: that

text: even

text: God

text: could

text: not

text: create

text: a

text: vacuum

text: if

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: was

text: shut

text: down[clarification

text: needed

text: by

text: the

text: Paris

text: condemnations

text: of

text: Bishop

text: Etienne

text: Tempier

text: which

text: required

text: there

text: to

text: be

text: no

text: restrictions

text: on

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: God

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: conclusion

text: that

text: God

text: could

text: create

text: a

text: vacuum

text: if

text: he

text: so

text: wished

text: Jean

text: Buridan

text: reported

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: teams

text: of

text: ten

text: horses

text: could

text: not

text: pull

text: open

text: bellows

text: when

text: the

text: port

text: was

text: sealed

question: Who required no restrictions regarding God's power?

answer: Bishop Etienne Tempier

text: Bishop Etienne Tempier

question: When did Buridan state that teams of ten horses could not open a bellow with a sealed port?

answer: 14th century

text: 14th century

question: the 1277 Paris Condemnations led to what conclusion?

answer: God could create a vacuum if he so wished.

text: God could create a vacuum if he so wished.

question: What was a common belief about vacuums and nature?

answer: nature abhorred a vacuum

text: nature abhorred a vacuum

question: what was the belief that nature abhorred a vaccuum called?

answer: horror vacui

text: horror vacui

question: What did Bishop Etienne Tempier believe prevented a vacuum from forming?

text: 'celestial agent'

question: What was the commonly held view in the medieval period that God could not create a vacuum called?

text: horror vacui

question: What point of view regarding God became popular in the 14th century?

question: According to Walter Burley in the 14th century, what could teams of ten horses not pull open?

text: bellows

question: What did Walter Burley require there be no restrictions on in the 14th century?

text: the powers of God


text: Leakage is equivalent to a resistor in parallel with the capacitor. Constant exposure to heat can cause dielectric breakdown and excessive leakage, a problem often seen in older vacuum tube circuits, particularly where oiled paper and foil capacitors were used. In many vacuum tube circuits, interstage coupling capacitors are used to conduct a varying signal from the plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage. A leaky capacitor can cause the grid circuit voltage to be raised from its normal bias setting, causing excessive current or signal distortion in the downstream tube. In power amplifiers this can cause the plates to glow red, or current limiting resistors to overheat, even fail. Similar considerations apply to component fabricated solid-state (transistor) amplifiers, but owing to lower heat production and the use of modern polyester dielectric barriers this once-common problem has become relatively rare.

title: Capacitor

title: Capacitor

text: Leakage

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: a

text: resistor

text: in

text: parallel

text: with

text: the

text: capacitor

text: Constant

text: exposure

text: to

text: heat

text: can

text: cause

text: dielectric

text: breakdown

text: and

text: excessive

text: leakage

text: a

text: problem

text: often

text: seen

text: in

text: older

text: vacuum

text: tube

text: circuits

text: particularly

text: where

text: oiled

text: paper

text: and

text: foil

text: capacitors

text: were

text: used

text: In

text: many

text: vacuum

text: tube

text: circuits

text: interstage

text: coupling

text: capacitors

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: conduct

text: a

text: varying

text: signal

text: from

text: the

text: plate

text: of

text: one

text: tube

text: to

text: the

text: grid

text: circuit

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: stage

text: A

text: leaky

text: capacitor

text: can

text: cause

text: the

text: grid

text: circuit

text: voltage

text: to

text: be

text: raised

text: from

text: its

text: normal

text: bias

text: setting

text: causing

text: excessive

text: current

text: or

text: signal

text: distortion

text: in

text: the

text: downstream

text: tube

text: In

text: power

text: amplifiers

text: this

text: can

text: cause

text: the

text: plates

text: to

text: glow

text: red

text: or

text: current

text: limiting

text: resistors

text: to

text: overheat

text: even

text: fail

text: Similar

text: considerations

text: apply

text: to

text: component

text: fabricated

text: solid

text: state

text: transistor

text: amplifiers

text: but

text: owing

text: to

text: lower

text: heat

text: production

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: modern

text: polyester

text: dielectric

text: barriers

text: this

text: once

text: common

text: problem

text: has

text: become

text: relatively

text: rare

question: With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to?

answer: Leakage

text: Leakage

question: What can cause excessive leakage in a capacitor?

answer: Constant exposure to heat

text: Constant exposure to heat

question: What sort of capacitors are used to carry a varying signal from the conductive plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage?

answer: interstage coupling capacitors

text: interstage coupling capacitors

question: What type of capacitor can cause signal distortion in the downstream tube?

answer: A leaky capacitor

text: A leaky capacitor

question: If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what can happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers?

answer: cause the plates to glow red

text: cause the plates to glow red

question: With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor not equal to?

text: Leakage

question: What will never cause excessive leakage in a capacitor?

text: Constant exposure to heat

question: What sort of capacitors are never used to carry a varying signal from the conductive plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage?

text: interstage coupling capacitors

question: What type of capacitor will never cause signal distortion in the downstream tube?

text: A leaky capacitor

question: If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what doesn't happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers?

text: cause the plates to glow red


text: However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: However

text: Cornelius

text: Clifford

text: places

text: his

text: birth

text: no

text: earlier

text: than

text: and

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Athanasius

text: indicates

text: no

text: first

text: hand

text: recollection

text: of

text: the

text: Maximian

text: persecution

text: of

text: which

text: he

text: suggests

text: Athanasius

text: would

text: have

text: remembered

text: if

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: ten

text: years

text: old

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Secondly

text: the

text: Festal

text: Epistles

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: Arians

text: had

text: accused

text: Athanasius

text: among

text: other

text: charges

text: of

text: not

text: having

text: yet

text: attained

text: the

text: canonical

text: age

text: and

text: thus

text: could

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: properly

text: ordained

text: as

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: The

text: accusation

text: must

text: have

text: seemed

text: plausible

text: The

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: places

text: his

text: year

text: of

text: birth

text: around

question: What famous event happened in 303?

answer: Maximian persecution

text: Maximian persecution

question: What writing mentions the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?

answer: the Festal Epistles

text: the Festal Epistles

question: At what age was a man eligible to be ordained at Patriarch of Alexandria?

answer: canonical age (30)

text: canonical age (30)

question: When was Cornelius Clifford born?

question: What year did Cornelius Clifford attend the Maximian persecution?

question: When was Cornelius Clifford ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria?

question: What church does Cornelius Clifford belong to?

text: The Orthodox Church

question: How old was Cornelius Clifford when he joined The Orthodox Church?

text: ten years old

question: What famous event happened in 305?

text: Maximian persecution

question: What writing denies that the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?

text: Festal Epistles

question: At what age was a woman eligible to be ordained at Patriarch of Alexandria?

question: What is the age of 20 called?

text: canonical age


text: In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of its population and its economic heartland. Although the Byzantines regrouped and recovered somewhat, they never fully regained Asia Minor and were often on the defensive. The Turks also had difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars. The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Seljuk

text: Turks

text: took

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: occupying

text: Persia

text: during

text: the

text: Armenia

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Jerusalem

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Turkish

text: army

text: defeated

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: army

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Manzikert

text: and

text: captured

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Emperor

text: Romanus

text: IV

text: r.

text: The

text: Turks

text: were

text: then

text: free

text: to

text: invade

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: which

text: dealt

text: a

text: dangerous

text: blow

text: to

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: by

text: seizing

text: a

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: economic

text: heartland

text: Although

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: regrouped

text: and

text: recovered

text: somewhat

text: they

text: never

text: fully

text: regained

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: and

text: were

text: often

text: on

text: the

text: defensive

text: The

text: Turks

text: also

text: had

text: difficulties

text: losing

text: control

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: to

text: the

text: Fatimids

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: suffering

text: from

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: internal

text: civil

text: wars

text: The

text: Byzantines

text: also

text: faced

text: a

text: revived

text: Bulgaria

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: centuries

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: Balkans

question: During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia?

answer: 1060s

question: In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?

answer: 1071

question: Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert?

answer: Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV

text: Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV

question: Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks?

answer: the Fatimids of Egypt

text: the Fatimids of Egypt

question: During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?

answer: 11th


text: All YouTube users can upload videos up to 15 minutes each in duration. Users who have a good track record of complying with the site's Community Guidelines may be offered the ability to upload videos up to 12 hours in length, which requires verifying the account, normally through a mobile phone. When YouTube was launched in 2005, it was possible to upload long videos, but a ten-minute limit was introduced in March 2006 after YouTube found that the majority of videos exceeding this length were unauthorized uploads of television shows and films. The 10-minute limit was increased to 15 minutes in July 2010. If an up-to-date browser version is used, videos greater than 20 GB can be uploaded.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: All

text: YouTube

text: users

text: can

text: upload

text: videos

text: up

text: to

text: minutes

text: each

text: in

text: duration

text: Users

text: who

text: have

text: a

text: good

text: track

text: record

text: of

text: complying

text: with

text: the

text: site

text: 's

text: Community

text: Guidelines

text: may

text: be

text: offered

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: upload

text: videos

text: up

text: to

text: hours

text: in

text: length

text: which

text: requires

text: verifying

text: the

text: account

text: normally

text: through

text: a

text: mobile

text: phone

text: When

text: YouTube

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: possible

text: to

text: upload

text: long

text: videos

text: but

text: a

text: ten

text: minute

text: limit

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: March

text: after

text: YouTube

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: videos

text: exceeding

text: this

text: length

text: were

text: unauthorized

text: uploads

text: of

text: television

text: shows

text: and

text: films

text: The

text: limit

text: was

text: increased

text: to

text: minutes

text: in

text: July

text: If

text: an

text: up

text: to

text: date

text: browser

text: version

text: is

text: used

text: videos

text: greater

text: than

text: GB

text: can

text: be

text: uploaded

question: What is the maximum length of a video on youtube?

answer: 12 hours

text: 12 hours

question: When a user with a new account posts a video, what is the maximum length allowed?

answer: 15 minutes

text: 15 minutes

question: When was the time limit on video length first enacted on youtube?

answer: March 2006

text: March 2006

question: in 2006 Youtube found that the majority of longer videos were what?

answer: unauthorized uploads

text: unauthorized uploads

question: What is the upload file size limit on out of date browsers?

answer: 20 GB

text: 20 GB

question: What is the minimum length of a video on youtube?

text: 12 hours

question: When did they do away with the limit for the maximum length allowed?

text: March 2006

question: What happened in August 2010?

question: What is the upload file size limit on up to date browsers?

text: 20 GB

question: Who can upload videos of 12 minutes in duration?

text: All YouTube users

question: Who can upload videos of 15 hours in duration?

question: What time limit was introduced in March 2005?

text: ten-minute limit

question: What was increased from 10 to 15 in July 2001?

text: minute limit


text: The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: Occupy

text: Wall

text: Street

text: protests

text: in

text: Zuccotti

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: Financial

text: District

text: of

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: began

text: on

text: September

text: receiving

text: global

text: attention

text: and

text: spawning

text: the

text: Occupy

text: movement

text: against

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: inequality

text: worldwide

question: On what date did the Occupy Wall Street protests commence?

answer: September 17, 2011

text: September 17, 2011

question: In what park did the Occupy Wall Street protests occur?

answer: Zuccotti Park

text: Zuccotti Park

question: In what borough did the Occupy Wall Street protests take place?

answer: Manhattan

text: Manhattan

question: In what district of Manhattan were the Occupy Wall Street protests?

answer: Financial District

text: Financial District

question: The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date?

answer: September 17, 2011

text: September 17, 2011


text: On December 15, 2012, several news outlets reported that President Barack Obama would nominate Kerry to succeed Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State, after Susan Rice, widely seen as Obama's preferred choice, withdrew her name from consideration citing a politicized confirmation process following criticism of her response to the 2012 Benghazi attack. On December 21, Obama proposed the nomination which received positive commentary. His confirmation hearing took place on January 24, 2013, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the same panel where he first testified in 1971. The committee unanimously voted to approve him on January 29, 2013, and the same day the full Senate confirmed him on a vote of 94–3. In a letter to Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick, Kerry announced his resignation from the Senate effective February 1.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: On

text: December

text: several

text: news

text: outlets

text: reported

text: that

text: President

text: Barack

text: Obama

text: would

text: nominate

text: Kerry

text: to

text: succeed

text: Hillary

text: Clinton

text: as

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: after

text: Susan

text: Rice

text: widely

text: seen

text: as

text: Obama

text: 's

text: preferred

text: choice

text: withdrew

text: her

text: name

text: from

text: consideration

text: citing

text: a

text: politicized

text: confirmation

text: process

text: following

text: criticism

text: of

text: her

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: Benghazi

text: attack

text: On

text: December

text: Obama

text: proposed

text: the

text: nomination

text: which

text: received

text: positive

text: commentary

text: His

text: confirmation

text: hearing

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: January

text: before

text: the

text: Senate

text: Foreign

text: Relations

text: Committee

text: the

text: same

text: panel

text: where

text: he

text: first

text: testified

text: in

text: The

text: committee

text: unanimously

text: voted

text: to

text: approve

text: him

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: the

text: full

text: Senate

text: confirmed

text: him

text: on

text: a

text: vote

text: of

text: In

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: Massachusetts

text: Governor

text: Deval

text: Patrick

text: Kerry

text: announced

text: his

text: resignation

text: from

text: the

text: Senate

text: effective

text: February

question: When was it reported that Kerry would become SoS?

answer: December 15, 2012

text: December 15, 2012

question: Who was Secretary of State before Kerry?

answer: Hillary Clinton

text: Hillary Clinton

question: Who backed out of becoming SoS after Hillary?

answer: Susan Rice

text: Susan Rice

question: Why did Rice withdraw?

answer: a politicized confirmation process following criticism of her response to the 2012 Benghazi attack

text: a politicized confirmation process following criticism of her response to the 2012 Benghazi attack

question: When was Kerry's appointment confirmed?

answer: January 29, 2013

text: January 29, 2013


text: The use of animal fur in clothing dates to prehistoric times. It is currently associated in developed countries with expensive, designer clothing, although fur is still used by indigenous people in arctic zones and higher elevations for its warmth and protection. Once uncontroversial, it has recently been the focus of campaigns on the grounds that campaigners consider it cruel and unnecessary. PETA, along with other animal rights and animal liberation groups have called attention to fur farming and other practices they consider cruel.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: animal

text: fur

text: in

text: clothing

text: dates

text: to

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: It

text: is

text: currently

text: associated

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: with

text: expensive

text: designer

text: clothing

text: although

text: fur

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: by

text: indigenous

text: people

text: in

text: arctic

text: zones

text: and

text: higher

text: elevations

text: for

text: its

text: warmth

text: and

text: protection

text: Once

text: uncontroversial

text: it

text: has

text: recently

text: been

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: campaigns

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: campaigners

text: consider

text: it

text: cruel

text: and

text: unnecessary

text: PETA

text: along

text: with

text: other

text: animal

text: rights

text: and

text: animal

text: liberation

text: groups

text: have

text: called

text: attention

text: to

text: fur

text: farming

text: and

text: other

text: practices

text: they

text: consider

text: cruel

question: What have humans used for clothing since prehistoric times?

answer: animal fur

text: animal fur

question: Indigenous people in what zones use fur for warmth and protection?

answer: arctic

text: arctic

question: Using animal fur as clothing was once considered what?

answer: uncontroversial

text: uncontroversial

question: Who considers animal fur to be cruel and unnecessary?

answer: campaigners

text: campaigners

question: What's the four letter name of an animal liberation group?

answer: PETA

text: PETA

question: What has not been used for clothing since prehistoric times?

text: animal fur

question: Indigenous people in the tropics use for for what?

text: warmth and protection

question: Using what for clothing has always been controversial?

text: animal fur

question: Who consider animal first to be necessary

text: PETA,


text: The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,300 years with respect to the mean tropical year. However, because of the precession of the equinoxes, the error with respect to the vernal equinox (which occurs, on average, 365.24237 days apart near 2000) is 1 day every 7,700 years, assuming a constant time interval between vernal equinoxes, which is not true. By any criterion, the Gregorian calendar is substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average year 365.25 days).

title: Gregorian_calendar

title: Gregorian_calendar

text: The

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: improves

text: the

text: approximation

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: by

text: skipping

text: three

text: Julian

text: leap

text: days

text: in

text: every

text: years

text: giving

text: an

text: average

text: year

text: of

text: mean

text: solar

text: days

text: long

text: This

text: approximation

text: has

text: an

text: error

text: of

text: about

text: one

text: day

text: per

text: years

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: However

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: precession

text: of

text: the

text: equinoxes

text: the

text: error

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: vernal

text: equinox

text: which

text: occurs

text: on

text: average

text: days

text: apart

text: near

text: is

text: day

text: every

text: years

text: assuming

text: a

text: constant

text: time

text: interval

text: between

text: vernal

text: equinoxes

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: true

text: By

text: any

text: criterion

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: is

text: substantially

text: more

text: accurate

text: than

text: the

text: day

text: in

text: years

text: error

text: of

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: average

text: year

text: days

question: The Gregorian calendar is an improvement over what other calendar?

answer: Julian

text: Julian

question: How many days must be skipped to align the calendar with mean solar days in a year?

answer: three Julian leap days

text: three Julian leap days

question: What is the approximate error for every 3,300 years?

answer: one day

text: one day

question: What is the error rate of the vernal equinox per every 7,700 years?

answer: 1 day

text: 1 day

question: What was the error rate in the Julian calendar?

answer: 1 day in 128 years

text: 1 day in 128 years

question: How does Julian calendar improve the approximations made by the Gregorian calendar?

question: How many years does it take for the Julian approximation to have an error of one day?

text: 3,300 years

question: In the Julia system what is the error rate for the vernal equinox first 7700 years?

text: 1 day

question: The Julian system skips three leap days and how many years?

text: 400 years,


text: Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome. A fundamental step in the project was the release of a detailed genomic map by Jean Weissenbach and his team at the Genoscope in Paris.

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: Whereas

text: a

text: genome

text: sequence

text: lists

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: every

text: DNA

text: base

text: in

text: a

text: genome

text: a

text: genome

text: map

text: identifies

text: the

text: landmarks

text: A

text: genome

text: map

text: is

text: less

text: detailed

text: than

text: a

text: genome

text: sequence

text: and

text: aids

text: in

text: navigating

text: around

text: the

text: genome

text: The

text: Human

text: Genome

text: Project

text: was

text: organized

text: to

text: map

text: and

text: to

text: sequence

text: the

text: human

text: genome

text: A

text: fundamental

text: step

text: in

text: the

text: project

text: was

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: a

text: detailed

text: genomic

text: map

text: by

text: Jean

text: Weissenbach

text: and

text: his

text: team

text: at

text: the

text: Genoscope

text: in

text: Paris

question: What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome?

answer: genome map

text: genome map

question: Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material?

answer: The Human Genome Project

text: The Human Genome Project

question: Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?

answer: Jean Weissenbach

text: Jean Weissenbach

question: Where did Weissenbach and his colleagues work?

answer: Genoscope

text: Genoscope

question: What does a genome map list the order of?

text: every DNA base in a genome

question: What does a genome sequence identify?

text: the landmarks

question: What is a Genoscope less detailed than?

text: a genome sequence

question: What does a Genoscope help a scientist do?

text: aids in navigating around the genome

question: Why was the Genoscope created?

text: to map and to sequence the human genome


text: By 1200, the Swiss plateau comprised the dominions of the houses of Savoy, Zähringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg. Some regions (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, later known as Waldstätten) were accorded the Imperial immediacy to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes. With the extinction of its male line in 1263 the Kyburg dynasty fell in AD 1264; then the Habsburgs under King Rudolph I (Holy Roman Emperor in 1273) laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them extending their territory to the eastern Swiss plateau.

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: By

text: the

text: Swiss

text: plateau

text: comprised

text: the

text: dominions

text: of

text: the

text: houses

text: of

text: Savoy

text: Zähringer

text: Habsburg

text: and

text: Kyburg

text: Some

text: regions

text: Uri

text: Schwyz

text: Unterwalden

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Waldstätten

text: were

text: accorded

text: the

text: Imperial

text: immediacy

text: to

text: grant

text: the

text: empire

text: direct

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: mountain

text: passes

text: With

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: its

text: male

text: line

text: in

text: the

text: Kyburg

text: dynasty

text: fell

text: in

text: AD

text: then

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: under

text: King

text: Rudolph

text: I

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: in

text: laid

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: Kyburg

text: lands

text: and

text: annexed

text: them

text: extending

text: their

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: eastern

text: Swiss

text: plateau

question: In 1200, what area did the houses of Savoy, Zahringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg comprise?

answer: the Swiss plateau

text: the Swiss plateau

question: In 1264 AD, what caused the Kyburg dynasty to fall?

answer: extinction of its male line in 1263

text: extinction of its male line in 1263

question: Who claimed the Kyburg lands after their fall in 1264 AD?

answer: the Habsburgs

text: the Habsburgs

question: Which Holy Roman Emperor were the Habsburgs under in 1273 AD?

answer: King Rudolph I

text: King Rudolph I

question: What did the three regions of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden become known as?

answer: Waldstätten

text: Waldstätten


text: Three counties of the Washington District (now part of Tennessee) broke off from North Carolina in 1784 and formed the State of Franklin. Efforts to obtain admission to the Union failed, and the counties (now numbering eight) had re-joined North Carolina by 1789. North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory. In an effort to encourage settlers to move west into the new territory, in 1787 the mother state of North Carolina ordered a road to be cut to take settlers into the Cumberland Settlements—from the south end of Clinch Mountain (in East Tennessee) to French Lick (Nashville). The Trace was called the "North Carolina Road" or "Avery's Trace", and sometimes "The Wilderness Road" (although it should not be confused with Daniel Boone's "Wilderness Road" through the Cumberland Gap).

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: Three

text: counties

text: of

text: the

text: Washington

text: District

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: Tennessee

text: broke

text: off

text: from

text: North

text: Carolina

text: in

text: and

text: formed

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Franklin

text: Efforts

text: to

text: obtain

text: admission

text: to

text: the

text: Union

text: failed

text: and

text: the

text: counties

text: now

text: numbering

text: eight

text: had

text: re

text: joined

text: North

text: Carolina

text: by

text: North

text: Carolina

text: ceded

text: the

text: area

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: in

text: after

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: organized

text: into

text: the

text: Southwest

text: Territory

text: In

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: encourage

text: settlers

text: to

text: move

text: west

text: into

text: the

text: new

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: mother

text: state

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: ordered

text: a

text: road

text: to

text: be

text: cut

text: to

text: take

text: settlers

text: into

text: the

text: Cumberland

text: Settlements

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: end

text: of

text: Clinch

text: Mountain

text: in

text: East

text: Tennessee

text: to

text: French

text: Lick

text: Nashville

text: The

text: Trace

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Road

text: or

text: Avery

text: 's

text: Trace

text: and

text: sometimes

text: The

text: Wilderness

text: Road

text: although

text: it

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Daniel

text: Boone

text: 's

text: Wilderness

text: Road

text: through

text: the

text: Cumberland

text: Gap

question: What was the name of the state that three North Carolina counties hoped to form in 1784?

answer: Franklin

text: Franklin

question: What was the name given to the land that North Carolina transferred to the federal government in 1790?

answer: Southwest Territory

text: Southwest Territory

question: What town marked the western extent of the Cumberland Settlements?

answer: French Lick

text: French Lick

question: What other name does the North Carolina Road share with Daniel Boone's passage through the Cumberland Gap?

answer: Wilderness Road

text: Wilderness Road


text: The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", among others. The term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: term

text: domestic

text: dog

text: is

text: generally

text: used

text: for

text: both

text: of

text: the

text: domesticated

text: and

text: feral

text: varieties

text: The

text: English

text: word

text: dog

text: comes

text: from

text: Middle

text: English

text: dogge

text: from

text: Old

text: English

text: docga

text: a

text: powerful

text: dog

text: breed

text: The

text: term

text: may

text: possibly

text: derive

text: from

text: Proto

text: Germanic

text: dukkōn

text: represented

text: in

text: Old

text: English

text: finger

text: docce

text: finger

text: muscle

text: The

text: word

text: also

text: shows

text: the

text: familiar

text: petname

text: diminutive

text: -ga

text: also

text: seen

text: in

text: frogga

text: frog

text: picga

text: pig

text: stagga

text: stag

text: wicga

text: beetle

text: worm

text: among

text: others

text: The

text: term

text: dog

text: may

text: ultimately

text: derive

text: from

text: the

text: earliest

text: layer

text: of

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: vocabulary

question: What is the Proto-Germanic word that "dog" may have come from?

answer: dukkōn

text: dukkōn

question: What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from?

answer: Proto-Indo-European

text: Proto-Indo-European

question: Where does the word dog originate?

answer: Old English docga

text: Old English docga

question: Dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary?

answer: Proto-Indo-European

text: Proto-Indo-European