text: Various American Idol alumni had success on various record charts around the world; in the U.S. they had achieved 345 number ones on the Billboard charts in its first ten years. According to Fred Bronson, author of books on the Billboard charts, no other entity has ever created as many hit-making artists and best-selling albums and singles. In 2007, American Idol alums accounted for 2.1% of all music sales. Its alumni have a massive impact on radio; in 2007, American Idol had become "a dominant force in radio" according to the president of the research company Mediabase which monitors radio stations Rich Meyer. By 2010, four winners each had more than a million radio spins, with Kelly Clarkson leading the field with over four million spins.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Various

text: American

text: Idol

text: alumni

text: had

text: success

text: on

text: various

text: record

text: charts

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: they

text: had

text: achieved

text: number

text: ones

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: charts

text: in

text: its

text: first

text: ten

text: years

text: According

text: to

text: Fred

text: Bronson

text: author

text: of

text: books

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: charts

text: no

text: other

text: entity

text: has

text: ever

text: created

text: as

text: many

text: hit

text: making

text: artists

text: and

text: best

text: selling

text: albums

text: and

text: singles

text: In

text: American

text: Idol

text: alums

text: accounted

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: music

text: sales

text: Its

text: alumni

text: have

text: a

text: massive

text: impact

text: on

text: radio

text: in

text: American

text: Idol

text: had

text: become

text: a

text: dominant

text: force

text: in

text: radio

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: research

text: company

text: Mediabase

text: which

text: monitors

text: radio

text: stations

text: Rich

text: Meyer

text: By

text: four

text: winners

text: each

text: had

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: million

text: radio

text: spins

text: with

text: Kelly

text: Clarkson

text: leading

text: the

text: field

text: with

text: over

text: four

text: million

text: spins

question: How many number one Billboard singles were released by American Idol contestants in the shows first decade?

answer: 345

question: Who is the president of Mediabase?

answer: Rich Meyer

text: Rich Meyer

question: Who was the most successful American Idol winner on radio as of 2010?

answer: Kelly Clarkson

text: Kelly Clarkson

question: How many number ones have Idol singers achieved on Billboard charts in just the first ten years?

answer: 345

question: Who authored books on Billboard charts?

answer: Fred Bronson

text: Fred Bronson

question: How many contestants had at least one million radio spins by 2010?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have by 2010?

answer: over four million

text: over four million


text: Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.

title: Hunting

title: Hunting

text: Archaeologist

text: Louis

text: Binford

text: criticised

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: early

text: hominids

text: and

text: early

text: humans

text: were

text: hunters

text: On

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: skeletal

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: consumed

text: animals

text: he

text: concluded

text: that

text: hominids

text: and

text: early

text: humans

text: were

text: mostly

text: scavengers

text: not

text: hunters

text: and

text: this

text: idea

text: is

text: popular

text: among

text: some

text: archaeologists

text: and

text: paleoanthropologists

text: Robert

text: Blumenschine

text: proposed

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: confrontational

text: scavenging

text: which

text: involves

text: challenging

text: and

text: scaring

text: off

text: other

text: predators

text: after

text: they

text: have

text: made

text: a

text: kill

text: which

text: he

text: suggests

text: could

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: leading

text: method

text: of

text: obtaining

text: protein

text: rich

text: meat

text: by

text: early

text: humans

question: What is Louis Binford's profession?

answer: Archaeologist

text: Archaeologist

question: What idea did Binford take issue with?

answer: that early hominids and early humans were hunters

text: that early hominids and early humans were hunters

question: What did Binford conclude humans were instead of hunters?

answer: scavengers

text: scavengers

question: What idea did Blumenschine propose?

answer: idea of confrontational scavenging

text: idea of confrontational scavenging

question: What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill?

answer: challenging and scaring off

text: challenging and scaring off

question: Who is the archaeologist that does not believe early humans were hunters?

answer: Louis Binford

text: Louis Binford

question: Louis Binford concluded what based on skeletal remains of consumed animals?

answer: hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers

text: hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers

question: What did Robert Blumenschine propose?

answer: confrontational scavenging

text: confrontational scavenging

question: Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?

answer: archaeologists and paleoanthropologists

text: archaeologists and paleoanthropologists

question: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?

answer: challenging and scaring off

text: challenging and scaring off

question: What idea was criticized by Robert Blumenschine?

question: What did Robert Blumenschine analyze to reach his conclusion that humans were hunters?

question: What group is the idea of humans being hunters popular with?

question: What is the first step humans would use when hunting an animal?

question: What would early humans be able to obtain when hunting?

text: protein-rich meat


text: RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects

text: RIBA

text: Visiting

text: Boards

text: continue

text: to

text: assess

text: courses

text: for

text: exemption

text: from

text: the

text: RIBA

text: 's

text: examinations

text: in

text: architecture

text: Under

text: arrangements

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: validation

text: criteria

text: are

text: jointly

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: RIBA

text: and

text: the

text: Architects

text: Registration

text: Board

text: but

text: unlike

text: the

text: ARB

text: the

text: RIBA

text: also

text: validates

text: courses

text: outside

text: the

text: UK

question: What is the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?

answer: to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture

text: to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture

question: When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a shared body of criteria?

answer: 2011

question: What does ARB stand for?

answer: Architects Registration Board

text: Architects Registration Board

question: What is a key difference between the ARB and Royal Institute?

answer: RIBA also validates courses outside the UK

text: RIBA also validates courses outside the UK

question: What is no longer the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?

question: When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a conflicted body of criteria?

question: What does ARB no longer stand for?

text: Architects Registration Board

question: What is a key similarity between the ARB and Royal Institute?


text: Dutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English[n 5] and is said to be roughly in between them.[n 6] Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including the case system.[n 7] Features shared with German include the survival of three grammatical genders—albeit with few grammatical consequences[n 8]—as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and a similar word order.[n 9] Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic and incorporates more Romance loans than German but fewer than English.[n 10]

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Dutch

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: closest

text: relatives

text: of

text: both

text: German

text: and

text: English[n

text: and

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: roughly

text: in

text: between

text: them.[n

text: Dutch

text: like

text: English

text: has

text: not

text: undergone

text: the

text: High

text: German

text: consonant

text: shift

text: does

text: not

text: use

text: Germanic

text: umlaut

text: as

text: a

text: grammatical

text: marker

text: has

text: largely

text: abandoned

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: subjunctive

text: and

text: has

text: levelled

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: morphology

text: including

text: the

text: case

text: system.[n

text: Features

text: shared

text: with

text: German

text: include

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: three

text: grammatical

text: genders

text: albeit

text: with

text: few

text: grammatical

text: consequences[n

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: modal

text: particles

text: final

text: obstruent

text: devoicing

text: and

text: a

text: similar

text: word

text: order.[n

text: Dutch

text: vocabulary

text: is

text: mostly

text: Germanic

text: and

text: incorporates

text: more

text: Romance

text: loans

text: than

text: German

text: but

text: fewer

text: than

text: English.[n

question: Which two languages does Dutch most closely resemble?

answer: German and English

text: German and English

question: Which Germanic accent mark do both the English and the Dutch language not use?

answer: umlaut

text: umlaut

question: Unlike English, both German and Dutch use how many genders in their grammar?

answer: three

text: three

question: Which verb tense have both English and Dutch mostly gotten rid of?

answer: subjunctive

text: subjunctive

question: Does Dutch borrow more or less from Romance languages for its vocabulary than German?

answer: more

text: more


text: Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to  szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Poland

text: 's

text: nobility

text: were

text: also

text: more

text: numerous

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: all

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: constituting

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: historic

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: also

text: some

text: among

text: ethnic

text: Poles

text: on

text: ethnic

text: Polish

text: lands

text: part

text: of

text: Commonwealth

text: but

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: all

text: Poles

text: worldwide

text: szlachta

text: could

text: dispose

text: more

text: of

text: resources

text: to

text: travels

text: and/or

text: conquering

text: while

text: in

text: some

text: poorer

text: regions

text: e.g.

text: Mazowsze

text: the

text: area

text: centred

text: on

text: Warsaw

text: nearly

text: However

text: according

text: to

text: szlachta

text: comprised

text: around

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: in

text: up

text: from

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: mostly

text: ethnically

text: Polish

text: population

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: though

text: that

text: Polish

text: szlachta

text: usually

text: incorporated

text: most

text: local

text: nobility

text: from

text: the

text: areas

text: that

text: were

text: absorbed

text: by

text: Poland

text: Lithuania

text: Ruthenian

text: boyars

text: Livonian

text: nobles

text: etc

text: By

text: contrast

text: the

text: nobilities

text: of

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: except

text: for

text: Spain

text: amounted

text: to

text: a

text: mere

text: however

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: sovereign

text: rules

text: of

text: Polish

text: nobility

text: ended

text: earlier

text: than

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: excluding

text: France

text: yet

text: in

text: see

text: Partitions

text: of

text: Poland

text: since

text: then

text: their

text: legitimation

text: and

text: future

text: fate

text: depended

text: on

text: legislature

text: and

text: procedures

text: of

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: or

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: Gradually

text: their

text: privileges

text: were

text: under

text: further

text: limitations

text: to

text: be

text: completely

text: dissolved

text: by

text: March

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

question: How much of the total population was polish common wealth?

answer: 10–12%

question: IN 1791 how much did the szalchta comprimise the total population?

answer: 8%

question: Polish szlachta usually incorporated who?

answer: most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania

text: most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania

question: How many nobilities made up other European countries besides poland lithuania?

answer: 1–3%

question: What dissolved the priveleges of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy?

answer: March Constitution of Poland

text: March Constitution of Poland


text: About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricultural TDLs on the one hand, and declining productivity subsistence agriculture (on SNL) on the other, may well explain the country's overall low growth, high inequality and unemployment.

title: Swaziland

title: Swaziland

text: About

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: employed

text: in

text: subsistence

text: agriculture

text: upon

text: Swazi

text: Nation

text: Land

text: SNL

text: In

text: contrast

text: with

text: the

text: commercial

text: farms

text: Swazi

text: Nation

text: Land

text: suffers

text: from

text: low

text: productivity

text: and

text: investment

text: This

text: dual

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: Swazi

text: economy

text: with

text: high

text: productivity

text: in

text: textile

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: industrialised

text: agricultural

text: TDLs

text: on

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: and

text: declining

text: productivity

text: subsistence

text: agriculture

text: on

text: SNL

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: may

text: well

text: explain

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: overall

text: low

text: growth

text: high

text: inequality

text: and

text: unemployment

question: What portion of the Swazi population are subsistence farmers?

answer: About 75%

text: About 75%

question: In terms of Swaziland, what does SNL refer to?

answer: Swazi Nation Land

text: Swazi Nation Land

question: Outside of agriculture what provides to the Swazi economy?

answer: textile manufacturing

text: textile manufacturing

question: What are the problems with Swazi Nation Land?

answer: low productivity and investment

text: low productivity and investment

question: Where does the population get 75% of its income?

text: subsistence agriculture

question: What has low productivity compared to Swazi Nation Land?

text: commercial farms,

question: What other industries have low productivity besides agriculture?

text: textile manufacturing

question: Where is commercial farming productivity declining?

text: Swazi Nation Land


text: In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg, moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, and this elevation was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover). Its electors would later become monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was William IV. Semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, bore her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Three kings of Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: In

text: George

text: Duke

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: principality

text: of

text: Calenberg

text: moved

text: his

text: residence

text: to

text: Hanover

text: The

text: Dukes

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: were

text: elevated

text: by

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: to

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: Prince

text: Elector

text: in

text: and

text: this

text: elevation

text: was

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Diet

text: in

text: Thus

text: the

text: principality

text: was

text: upgraded

text: to

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Hanover

text: after

text: Calenberg

text: 's

text: capital

text: see

text: also

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

text: Its

text: electors

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: monarchs

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: from

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: The

text: first

text: of

text: these

text: was

text: George

text: I

text: Louis

text: who

text: acceded

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: throne

text: in

text: The

text: last

text: British

text: monarch

text: who

text: ruled

text: in

text: Hanover

text: was

text: William

text: IV

text: Semi

text: Salic

text: law

text: which

text: required

text: succession

text: by

text: the

text: male

text: line

text: if

text: possible

text: forbade

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: in

text: Hanover

text: As

text: a

text: male

text: line

text: descendant

text: of

text: George

text: I

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: was

text: herself

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Hanover

text: Her

text: descendants

text: however

text: bore

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: titular

text: name

text: of

text: Saxe

text: Coburg

text: Gotha

text: Three

text: kings

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: or

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: were

text: concurrently

text: also

text: Electoral

text: Princes

text: of

text: Hanover

question: Where did the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg move his residence to?

answer: Hanover

text: Hanover

question: Who elevated the status of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg?

answer: Holy Roman Emperor

text: Holy Roman Emperor

question: Who confirmed the elevation of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1708?

answer: Imperial Diet

text: Imperial Diet

question: Which other nation would the electors of Hanover become monarchs of?

answer: Great Britain

text: Great Britain

question: Who was the first elector from Hanover to sit on the British throne?

answer: George I Louis

text: George I Louis

question: What Duke moved to Hanover in 1736?

text: George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

question: Who elevated the Duke of Brunswick to the rank of Prince?

text: the Holy Roman Emperor

question: Who was the last Elector of Hanover to sit on the British throne?

text: George I Louis

question: Who abdicated the British throne in 1714?

text: George I Louis,

question: What other title did three queens of Great Britain with United kingdom also hold?

text: Electoral Princes of Hanover


text: In September 1940 the first Alsatian resistance movement led by Marcel Weinum called La main noire (The black hand) was created. It was composed by a group of 25 young men aged from 14 to 18 years old who led several attacks against the German occupation. The actions culminated with the attack of the Gauleiter Robert Wagner, the highest commander of Alsace directly under the order of Hitler. In March 1942, Marcel Weinum was prosecuted by the Gestapo and sentenced to be beheaded at the age of 18 in April 1942 in Stuttgart, Germany. His last words will be: "If I have to die, I shall die but with a pure heart". From 1943 the city was bombarded by Allied aircraft. While the First World War had not notably damaged the city, Anglo-American bombing caused extensive destruction in raids of which at least one was allegedly carried out by mistake. In August 1944, several buildings in the Old Town were damaged by bombs, particularly the Palais Rohan, the Old Customs House (Ancienne Douane) and the Cathedral. On 23 November 1944, the city was officially liberated by the 2nd French Armoured Division under General Leclerc. He achieved the oath that he made with his soldiers, after the decisive Capture of Kufra. With the Oath of Kuffra, they swore to keep up the fight until the French flag flew over the Cathedral of Strasbourg.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: first

text: Alsatian

text: resistance

text: movement

text: led

text: by

text: Marcel

text: Weinum

text: called

text: La

text: main

text: noire

text: The

text: black

text: hand

text: was

text: created

text: It

text: was

text: composed

text: by

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: young

text: men

text: aged

text: from

text: to

text: years

text: old

text: who

text: led

text: several

text: attacks

text: against

text: the

text: German

text: occupation

text: The

text: actions

text: culminated

text: with

text: the

text: attack

text: of

text: the

text: Gauleiter

text: Robert

text: Wagner

text: the

text: highest

text: commander

text: of

text: Alsace

text: directly

text: under

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: Hitler

text: In

text: March

text: Marcel

text: Weinum

text: was

text: prosecuted

text: by

text: the

text: Gestapo

text: and

text: sentenced

text: to

text: be

text: beheaded

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: in

text: April

text: in

text: Stuttgart

text: Germany

text: His

text: last

text: words

text: will

text: be

text: If

text: I

text: have

text: to

text: die

text: I

text: shall

text: die

text: but

text: with

text: a

text: pure

text: heart

text: From

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: bombarded

text: by

text: Allied

text: aircraft

text: While

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: had

text: not

text: notably

text: damaged

text: the

text: city

text: Anglo

text: American

text: bombing

text: caused

text: extensive

text: destruction

text: in

text: raids

text: of

text: which

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: was

text: allegedly

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: mistake

text: In

text: August

text: several

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: were

text: damaged

text: by

text: bombs

text: particularly

text: the

text: Palais

text: Rohan

text: the

text: Old

text: Customs

text: House

text: Ancienne

text: Douane

text: and

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: officially

text: liberated

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Armoured

text: Division

text: under

text: General

text: Leclerc

text: He

text: achieved

text: the

text: oath

text: that

text: he

text: made

text: with

text: his

text: soldiers

text: after

text: the

text: decisive

text: Capture

text: of

text: Kufra

text: With

text: the

text: Oath

text: of

text: Kuffra

text: they

text: swore

text: to

text: keep

text: up

text: the

text: fight

text: until

text: the

text: French

text: flag

text: flew

text: over

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: Strasbourg

question: Who led the first Alsatian resistance movement?

answer: Marcel Weinum

text: Marcel Weinum

question: Who was the highest commander that is under Hitler?

answer: Gauleiter Robert Wagner

text: Gauleiter Robert Wagner

question: How was Marcel Weinum executed?

answer: beheaded

text: beheaded

question: What was the city attacked by in 1943?

answer: Allied aircraft

text: Allied aircraft

question: On what date was the city liberated?

answer: 23 November 1944

text: 23 November 1944

question: In what month and year was Gauleiter Robert Wagner assigned to Strasbourg?

text: September 1940

question: In what month and year was Marcel Weinum captured?

text: April 1942

question: Which nationality accidentally bombed Strasbourg?

text: French

question: Who led the 1st French Armoured Division?

text: General Leclerc

question: On what date did the decisive Capture of Kufra occur?

text: 23 November 1944


text: On 25 February 1954, Naguib announced his resignation after the RCC held an official meeting without his presence two days prior. On 26 February, Nasser accepted the resignation, put Naguib under house arrest, and the RCC proclaimed Nasser as both RCC chairman and prime minister. As Naguib intended, a mutiny immediately followed, demanding Naguib's reinstatement and the RCC's dissolution. While visiting the striking officers at Military Headquarters (GHQ) to call for the mutiny's end, Nasser was initially intimidated into accepting their demands. However, on 27 February, Nasser's supporters in the army launched a raid on the GHQ, ending the mutiny. Later that day, hundreds of thousands of protesters, mainly belonging to the Brotherhood, called for Naguib's return and Nasser's imprisonment. In response, a sizable group within the RCC, led by Khaled Mohieddin, demanded Naguib's release and return to the presidency. Nasser was forced to acquiesce, but delayed Naguib's reinstatement until 4 March, allowing him to promote Amer to Commander of the Armed Forces—a position formerly occupied by Naguib.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: On

text: February

text: Naguib

text: announced

text: his

text: resignation

text: after

text: the

text: RCC

text: held

text: an

text: official

text: meeting

text: without

text: his

text: presence

text: two

text: days

text: prior

text: On

text: February

text: Nasser

text: accepted

text: the

text: resignation

text: put

text: Naguib

text: under

text: house

text: arrest

text: and

text: the

text: RCC

text: proclaimed

text: Nasser

text: as

text: both

text: RCC

text: chairman

text: and

text: prime

text: minister

text: As

text: Naguib

text: intended

text: a

text: mutiny

text: immediately

text: followed

text: demanding

text: Naguib

text: 's

text: reinstatement

text: and

text: the

text: RCC

text: 's

text: dissolution

text: While

text: visiting

text: the

text: striking

text: officers

text: at

text: Military

text: Headquarters

text: GHQ

text: to

text: call

text: for

text: the

text: mutiny

text: 's

text: end

text: Nasser

text: was

text: initially

text: intimidated

text: into

text: accepting

text: their

text: demands

text: However

text: on

text: February

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: supporters

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: launched

text: a

text: raid

text: on

text: the

text: GHQ

text: ending

text: the

text: mutiny

text: Later

text: that

text: day

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: protesters

text: mainly

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Brotherhood

text: called

text: for

text: Naguib

text: 's

text: return

text: and

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: imprisonment

text: In

text: response

text: a

text: sizable

text: group

text: within

text: the

text: RCC

text: led

text: by

text: Khaled

text: Mohieddin

text: demanded

text: Naguib

text: 's

text: release

text: and

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: presidency

text: Nasser

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: acquiesce

text: but

text: delayed

text: Naguib

text: 's

text: reinstatement

text: until

text: March

text: allowing

text: him

text: to

text: promote

text: Amer

text: to

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: a

text: position

text: formerly

text: occupied

text: by

text: Naguib

question: Who resigned in 1954?

answer: Naguib

text: Naguib

question: What two positions did Nasser assume?

answer: RCC chairman and prime minister

text: RCC chairman and prime minister

question: What group protested for Naguib's reinstatement?

answer: Brotherhood

text: Brotherhood

question: What did the Muslim Brotherhood want to happen to Nasser?

answer: imprisonment

text: imprisonment

question: Who did Nasser promote to armed forces commander?

answer: Amer

text: Amer


text: Tensions soon developed among different Greek factions, leading to two consecutive civil wars. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Sultan negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain. Ibrahim landed in the Peloponnese in February 1825 and had immediate success: by the end of 1825, most of the Peloponnese was under Egyptian control, and the city of Missolonghi—put under siege by the Turks since April 1825—fell in April 1826. Although Ibrahim was defeated in Mani, he had succeeded in suppressing most of the revolt in the Peloponnese and Athens had been retaken.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: Tensions

text: soon

text: developed

text: among

text: different

text: Greek

text: factions

text: leading

text: to

text: two

text: consecutive

text: civil

text: wars

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Sultan

text: negotiated

text: with

text: Mehmet

text: Ali

text: of

text: Egypt

text: who

text: agreed

text: to

text: send

text: his

text: son

text: Ibrahim

text: Pasha

text: to

text: Greece

text: with

text: an

text: army

text: to

text: suppress

text: the

text: revolt

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: territorial

text: gain

text: Ibrahim

text: landed

text: in

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: had

text: immediate

text: success

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: was

text: under

text: Egyptian

text: control

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Missolonghi

text: put

text: under

text: siege

text: by

text: the

text: Turks

text: since

text: April

text: in

text: April

text: Although

text: Ibrahim

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: Mani

text: he

text: had

text: succeeded

text: in

text: suppressing

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: revolt

text: in

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: and

text: Athens

text: had

text: been

text: retaken

question: How many successive civil wars occurred between Greek clans?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who did Egypt send to Greece with an Army?

answer: Ibrahim Pasha

text: Ibrahim Pasha

question: Ibrahim Pasha landed with his army when?

answer: February 1825

text: February 1825

question: In what year did Missolonghi fall to the Egyptians?

answer: 1826

question: Ibrahim Pasha finally faced defeat where?

answer: Mani

text: Mani


text: For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: For

text: a

text: brief

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: British

text: tried

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: rival

text: foothold

text: on

text: an

text: offshore

text: island

text: at

text: Bolama

text: But

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: were

text: sufficiently

text: secure

text: in

text: Bissau

text: to

text: regard

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: coastline

text: as

text: their

text: own

text: special

text: territory

text: also

text: up

text: north

text: in

text: part

text: of

text: present

text: South

text: Senegal

question: Who tried to establish a rival foothold at Bolama?

answer: the British

text: the British

question: When was a rival foothold  attempted at Bolama?

answer: the 1790s

text: the 1790s

question: Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?

answer: the Portuguese

text: the Portuguese

question: What other area did the Portuguese regard as their special territory?

answer: part of present South Senegal

text: part of present South Senegal

question: What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: the British

text: the British


text: In 2003 a congressional committee called the FBI's organized crime informant program "one of the greatest failures in the history of federal law enforcement." The FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of the March 1965 gangland murder of Edward "Teddy" Deegan in order to protect Vincent Flemmi, an FBI informant. Three of the men were sentenced to death (which was later reduced to life in prison), and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison. Two of the four men died in prison after serving almost 30 years, and two others were released after serving 32 and 36 years. In July 2007, U.S. District Judge Nancy Gertner in Boston found the bureau helped convict the four men using false witness account by mobster Joseph Barboza. The U.S. Government was ordered to pay $100 million in damages to the four defendants.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: In

text: a

text: congressional

text: committee

text: called

text: the

text: FBI

text: 's

text: organized

text: crime

text: informant

text: program

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: failures

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: federal

text: law

text: enforcement

text: The

text: FBI

text: allowed

text: four

text: innocent

text: men

text: to

text: be

text: convicted

text: of

text: the

text: March

text: gangland

text: murder

text: of

text: Edward

text: Teddy

text: Deegan

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: protect

text: Vincent

text: Flemmi

text: an

text: FBI

text: informant

text: Three

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: were

text: sentenced

text: to

text: death

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: reduced

text: to

text: life

text: in

text: prison

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: defendant

text: was

text: sentenced

text: to

text: life

text: in

text: prison

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: men

text: died

text: in

text: prison

text: after

text: serving

text: almost

text: years

text: and

text: two

text: others

text: were

text: released

text: after

text: serving

text: and

text: years

text: In

text: July

text: U.S.

text: District

text: Judge

text: Nancy

text: Gertner

text: in

text: Boston

text: found

text: the

text: bureau

text: helped

text: convict

text: the

text: four

text: men

text: using

text: false

text: witness

text: account

text: by

text: mobster

text: Joseph

text: Barboza

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Government

text: was

text: ordered

text: to

text: pay

text: million

text: in

text: damages

text: to

text: the

text: four

text: defendants

question: When did a committee oppose the FBI's organized crime informant program?

answer: In 2003

text: In 2003

question: How many innocent men did the FBI allow to be convicted?

answer: four

text: four

question: What was the death sentence reduced to?

answer: life in prison

text: life in prison

question: How many of the men died in prison?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: How much was the US government ordered to pay in damages?

answer: $100 million

text: $100 million

question: What did a congressional committee call one of the greatest successes in federal law enforcement?

text: FBI's organized crime informant program

question: When did the FBI stop four innocent men from being convicted?

text: March 1965

question: What was the name of the CIA's informant?

text: Vincent Flemmi

question: Who found that the bureau had not helped convict four men?

text: Nancy Gertner

question: How much were the four defendants ordered to pay the U.S. government?

text: $100 million


text: Office buildings in Shanghai's financial district, including the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower, were evacuated. A receptionist at the Tibet Hotel in Chengdu said things were "calm" after the hotel evacuated its guests. Meanwhile, workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport was shut down, and the control tower and regional radar control evacuated. One SilkAir flight was diverted and landed in Kunming as a result. Cathay Pacific delayed both legs of its quadruple daily Hong Kong to London route due to this disruption in air traffic services. Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopened later on the evening of May 12, offering limited service as the airport began to be used as a staging area for relief operations.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Office

text: buildings

text: in

text: Shanghai

text: 's

text: financial

text: district

text: including

text: the

text: Jin

text: Mao

text: Tower

text: and

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: New

text: World

text: Tower

text: were

text: evacuated

text: A

text: receptionist

text: at

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Hotel

text: in

text: Chengdu

text: said

text: things

text: were

text: calm

text: after

text: the

text: hotel

text: evacuated

text: its

text: guests

text: Meanwhile

text: workers

text: at

text: a

text: Ford

text: plant

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: were

text: evacuated

text: for

text: about

text: minutes

text: Chengdu

text: Shuangliu

text: International

text: Airport

text: was

text: shut

text: down

text: and

text: the

text: control

text: tower

text: and

text: regional

text: radar

text: control

text: evacuated

text: One

text: SilkAir

text: flight

text: was

text: diverted

text: and

text: landed

text: in

text: Kunming

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: Cathay

text: Pacific

text: delayed

text: both

text: legs

text: of

text: its

text: quadruple

text: daily

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: to

text: London

text: route

text: due

text: to

text: this

text: disruption

text: in

text: air

text: traffic

text: services

text: Chengdu

text: Shuangliu

text: Airport

text: reopened

text: later

text: on

text: the

text: evening

text: of

text: May

text: offering

text: limited

text: service

text: as

text: the

text: airport

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: staging

text: area

text: for

text: relief

text: operations

question: Where were office buildings evacuated?

answer: Shanghai's financial district

text: Shanghai's financial district

question: How did a receptionist describe the atmosphere after the evacuation?

answer: calm

text: calm

question: How long were workers in Ford Plant evacuated for?

answer: 10 minutes

text: 10 minutes

question: Which airport was shut down?

answer: Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

text: Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

question: When did the airport re-open?

answer: May 12

text: May 12

question: What happened to office buildings in Shanghai?

answer: evacuated

text: evacuated

question: Which airport was shut down?

answer: Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

text: Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

question: Why were flights delayed and diverted?

answer: disruption in air traffic services

text: disruption in air traffic services

question: What were they using the airport to stage for?

answer: relief operations

text: relief operations


text: Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable (Sheptycki, 2004). For example, according to the Global Accountability Report for 2007 (Lloyd, et al. 2007) Interpol had the lowest scores in its category (IGOs), coming in tenth with a score of 22% on overall accountability capabilities (p. 19). As this report points out, and the existing academic literature on transnational policing seems to confirm, this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement.

title: Police

title: Police

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: greatest

text: question

text: regarding

text: the

text: future

text: development

text: of

text: transnational

text: policing

text: is

text: in

text: whose

text: interest

text: is

text: it

text: At

text: a

text: more

text: practical

text: level

text: the

text: question

text: translates

text: into

text: one

text: about

text: how

text: to

text: make

text: transnational

text: policing

text: institutions

text: democratically

text: accountable

text: Sheptycki

text: For

text: example

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Global

text: Accountability

text: Report

text: for

text: Lloyd

text: et

text: al

text: Interpol

text: had

text: the

text: lowest

text: scores

text: in

text: its

text: category

text: IGOs

text: coming

text: in

text: tenth

text: with

text: a

text: score

text: of

text: on

text: overall

text: accountability

text: capabilities

text: p.

text: As

text: this

text: report

text: points

text: out

text: and

text: the

text: existing

text: academic

text: literature

text: on

text: transnational

text: policing

text: seems

text: to

text: confirm

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: secretive

text: area

text: and

text: one

text: not

text: open

text: to

text: civil

text: society

text: involvement

question: Who wrote the Global Accountability Report for 2007?

answer: Lloyd, et al.

text: Lloyd, et al.

question: What is the least-accountable IGO?

answer: Interpol

text: Interpol

question: How accountable is Interpol?

answer: 22%

question: Why is transnational policing so unaccountable?

answer: this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement

text: this is a secretive area and one not open to civil society involvement

question: Who wrote the Local Accountability Report for 2007?

text: Lloyd, et al.

question: What is the most-accountable IGO?

text: Interpol

question: How unaccountable is Interpol?

question: Why is transnational policing so accountable?

question: Why isn't transnational policing so unaccountable?


text: The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy colony when he signed the Treaty of Amiens. During the Revolution, the National Convention voted to abolish slavery in February 1794. Under the terms of Amiens, however, Napoleon agreed to appease British demands by not abolishing slavery in any colonies where the 1794 decree had never been implemented. The resulting Law of 20 May never applied to colonies like Guadeloupe or Guyane, even though rogue generals and other officials used the pretext of peace as an opportunity to reinstate slavery in some of these places. The Law of 20 May officially restored the slave trade to the Caribbean colonies, not slavery itself. Napoleon sent an expedition under General Leclerc designed to reassert control over Sainte-Domingue. Although the French managed to capture Toussaint Louverture, the expedition failed when high rates of disease crippled the French army. In May 1803, the last 8000 French troops left the island and the slaves proclaimed an independent republic that they called Haïti in 1804. Seeing the failure of his colonial efforts, Napoleon decided in 1803 to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States, instantly doubling the size of the U.S. The selling price in the Louisiana Purchase was less than three cents per acre, a total of $15 million.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: The

text: brief

text: peace

text: in

text: Europe

text: allowed

text: Napoleon

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: colonies

text: abroad

text: Saint

text: Domingue

text: had

text: managed

text: to

text: acquire

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: political

text: autonomy

text: during

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: with

text: Toussaint

text: Louverture

text: installing

text: himself

text: as

text: de

text: facto

text: dictator

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: saw

text: his

text: chance

text: to

text: recuperate

text: the

text: formerly

text: wealthy

text: colony

text: when

text: he

text: signed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Amiens

text: During

text: the

text: Revolution

text: the

text: National

text: Convention

text: voted

text: to

text: abolish

text: slavery

text: in

text: February

text: Under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: Amiens

text: however

text: Napoleon

text: agreed

text: to

text: appease

text: British

text: demands

text: by

text: not

text: abolishing

text: slavery

text: in

text: any

text: colonies

text: where

text: the

text: decree

text: had

text: never

text: been

text: implemented

text: The

text: resulting

text: Law

text: of

text: May

text: never

text: applied

text: to

text: colonies

text: like

text: Guadeloupe

text: or

text: Guyane

text: even

text: though

text: rogue

text: generals

text: and

text: other

text: officials

text: used

text: the

text: pretext

text: of

text: peace

text: as

text: an

text: opportunity

text: to

text: reinstate

text: slavery

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: places

text: The

text: Law

text: of

text: May

text: officially

text: restored

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: to

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: colonies

text: not

text: slavery

text: itself

text: Napoleon

text: sent

text: an

text: expedition

text: under

text: General

text: Leclerc

text: designed

text: to

text: reassert

text: control

text: over

text: Sainte

text: Domingue

text: Although

text: the

text: French

text: managed

text: to

text: capture

text: Toussaint

text: Louverture

text: the

text: expedition

text: failed

text: when

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: disease

text: crippled

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: In

text: May

text: the

text: last

text: French

text: troops

text: left

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: slaves

text: proclaimed

text: an

text: independent

text: republic

text: that

text: they

text: called

text: Haïti

text: in

text: Seeing

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: his

text: colonial

text: efforts

text: Napoleon

text: decided

text: in

text: to

text: sell

text: the

text: Louisiana

text: Territory

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: instantly

text: doubling

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: The

text: selling

text: price

text: in

text: the

text: Louisiana

text: Purchase

text: was

text: less

text: than

text: three

text: cents

text: per

text: acre

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: million

question: During the short peace in Europe, where did Napoleon turn his focus?

answer: the French colonies abroad

text: the French colonies abroad

question: During the Revolutionary War, which French colony had moved towards political independence?

answer: Saint-Domingue

text: Saint-Domingue

question: Who was the de facto ruler of Saint-Domingue in 1801?

answer: Toussaint Louverture

text: Toussaint Louverture

question: In February of what year did the national Convention vote to get rid of slavery?

answer: 1794

question: What was the name of the French general who led the forces that attempted to regain control of Sainte-Domingue?

answer: Leclerc

text: Leclerc


text: In November 2013, Somalia received its first fiber optic connection. The country previously had to rely on expensive satellite links due to the civil conflict, which limited internet usage. However, residents now have access to broadband internet cable for the first time after an agreement reached between Hormuud Telecom and Liquid Telecom. The deal will see Liquid Telecom link Hormuud to its 17,000 km (10,500 mile) network of terrestrial cables, which will deliver faster internet capacity. The fiber optic connection will also make online access more affordable to the average user. This in turn is expected to further increase the number of internet users. Dalkom Somalia reached a similar agreement with the West Indian Ocean Cable Company (WIOCC) Ltd, which it holds shares in. Effective the first quarter of 2014, the deal will establish fiber optic connectivity to and from Somalia via the EASSy cable. The new services are expected to reduce the cost of international bandwidth and to better optimize performance, thereby further broadening internet access. Dalkom Somalia is concurrently constructing a 1,000 square mile state-of-the-art data center in Mogadishu. The site will facilitate direct connection into the international fiber optic network by hosting equipment for all of the capital's ISPs and telecommunication companies.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: In

text: November

text: Somalia

text: received

text: its

text: first

text: fiber

text: optic

text: connection

text: The

text: country

text: previously

text: had

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: expensive

text: satellite

text: links

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: civil

text: conflict

text: which

text: limited

text: internet

text: usage

text: However

text: residents

text: now

text: have

text: access

text: to

text: broadband

text: internet

text: cable

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: after

text: an

text: agreement

text: reached

text: between

text: Hormuud

text: Telecom

text: and

text: Liquid

text: Telecom

text: The

text: deal

text: will

text: see

text: Liquid

text: Telecom

text: link

text: Hormuud

text: to

text: its

text: km

text: mile

text: network

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: cables

text: which

text: will

text: deliver

text: faster

text: internet

text: capacity

text: The

text: fiber

text: optic

text: connection

text: will

text: also

text: make

text: online

text: access

text: more

text: affordable

text: to

text: the

text: average

text: user

text: This

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: further

text: increase

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: internet

text: users

text: Dalkom

text: Somalia

text: reached

text: a

text: similar

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: West

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Cable

text: Company

text: WIOCC

text: Ltd

text: which

text: it

text: holds

text: shares

text: in

text: Effective

text: the

text: first

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: deal

text: will

text: establish

text: fiber

text: optic

text: connectivity

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: Somalia

text: via

text: the

text: EASSy

text: cable

text: The

text: new

text: services

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: international

text: bandwidth

text: and

text: to

text: better

text: optimize

text: performance

text: thereby

text: further

text: broadening

text: internet

text: access

text: Dalkom

text: Somalia

text: is

text: concurrently

text: constructing

text: a

text: square

text: mile

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: data

text: center

text: in

text: Mogadishu

text: The

text: site

text: will

text: facilitate

text: direct

text: connection

text: into

text: the

text: international

text: fiber

text: optic

text: network

text: by

text: hosting

text: equipment

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: 's

text: ISPs

text: and

text: telecommunication

text: companies

question: What year did Somalia receive its first fiber optic connection?

answer: 2013

question: in 2013, an agreement between Hormuud Telecom and Liquid Telecom provided residents access to what type of cable provider?

answer: broadband

text: broadband

question: How many miles long is Liquid Telecoms Network?

answer: 10,500 mile

text: 10,500 mile

question: How will the fiber optic connection impact the price for online access for the average user?

answer: more affordable

text: more affordable

question: Where is Dalcom Somalia currently building a 1000 square mile data center?

answer: Mogadishu

text: Mogadishu

question: When did Somalia first get internet?

question: How long is Hormuud's cable network?

text: 17,000 km (10,500 mile)

question: What does the EASSy cable stand for?

text: West Indian Ocean Cable Company

question: When did Dalkom Somalia and WIOCC begin talks for their deal?

question: Where is Hormuud Telecom building a 1000 square mile data center?

text: Mogadishu


text: According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In such a context one can conflate materialism with atheism. Most of Hinduism and transcendentalism regards all matter as an illusion called Maya, blinding humans from knowing "the truth". Maya is the limited, purely physical and mental reality in which our everyday consciousness has become entangled. Maya gets destroyed for a person when s/he perceives Brahman with transcendental knowledge.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: materialism

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: philosophical

text: system

text: which

text: regards

text: matter

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: reality

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: denies

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: soul

text: Materialism

text: in

text: this

text: view

text: therefore

text: becomes

text: incompatible

text: with

text: most

text: world

text: religions

text: including

text: Christianity

text: Judaism

text: and

text: Islam

text: In

text: such

text: a

text: context

text: one

text: can

text: conflate

text: materialism

text: with

text: atheism

text: Most

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: transcendentalism

text: regards

text: all

text: matter

text: as

text: an

text: illusion

text: called

text: Maya

text: blinding

text: humans

text: from

text: knowing

text: the

text: truth

text: Maya

text: is

text: the

text: limited

text: purely

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: reality

text: in

text: which

text: our

text: everyday

text: consciousness

text: has

text: become

text: entangled

text: Maya

text: gets

text: destroyed

text: for

text: a

text: person

text: when

text: s

text: he

text: perceives

text: Brahman

text: with

text: transcendental

text: knowledge

question: Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?

answer: religions

text: religions

question: Based on the above definition, materialism is consistent with what?

text: religions

question: What book defined materialism as a non-philosophical system?

text: Catholic Encyclopedia

question: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all agree with what philosophy?

text: Materialism

question: What is created for a person when they perceive Brahman?

text: Maya

question: What religion does not believe in an illusion called Maya?

text: Hinduism


text: Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George[citation needed], after King George III, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Pubs

text: often

text: have

text: traditional

text: names

text: A

text: common

text: name

text: is

text: the

text: Marquis

text: of

text: Granby

text: These

text: pubs

text: were

text: named

text: after

text: John

text: Manners

text: Marquess

text: of

text: Granby

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: John

text: Manners

text: Duke

text: of

text: Rutland

text: and

text: a

text: general

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: British

text: Army

text: He

text: showed

text: a

text: great

text: concern

text: for

text: the

text: welfare

text: of

text: his

text: men

text: and

text: on

text: their

text: retirement

text: provided

text: funds

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: to

text: establish

text: taverns

text: which

text: were

text: subsequently

text: named

text: after

text: him

text: All

text: pubs

text: granted

text: their

text: licence

text: in

text: were

text: called

text: the

text: Royal

text: George[citation

text: needed

text: after

text: King

text: George

text: III

text: and

text: the

text: twentieth

text: anniversary

text: of

text: his

text: coronation

question: After whom was the Marquis of Granby pub named?

answer: John Manners, Marquess of Granby

text: John Manners, Marquess of Granby

question: Who was the father of John Manners, Marquess of Granby?

answer: John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland

text: John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland

question: What was the military rank of the 3rd Duke of Rutland?

answer: general

text: general

question: In what century did the 3rd Duke of Rutland live?

answer: 18th

question: What were pubs licensed in 1780 named?

answer: the Royal George

text: the Royal George


text: The process was completed in 27 BC when the Roman Emperor Augustus annexed the rest of Greece and constituted it as the senatorial province of Achaea. Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became heavily influenced by the achievements of Greek culture, hence Horace's famous statement: Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit ("Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"). The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the younger wrote using Greek styles. Roman heroes such as Scipio Africanus, tended to study philosophy and regarded Greek culture and science as an example to be followed. Similarly, most Roman emperors maintained an admiration for things Greek in nature. The Roman Emperor Nero visited Greece in AD 66, and performed at the Ancient Olympic Games, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. Hadrian was also particularly fond of the Greeks; before he became emperor he served as an eponymous archon of Athens.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: process

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: BC

text: when

text: the

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Augustus

text: annexed

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Greece

text: and

text: constituted

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: senatorial

text: province

text: of

text: Achaea

text: Despite

text: their

text: military

text: superiority

text: the

text: Romans

text: admired

text: and

text: became

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: achievements

text: of

text: Greek

text: culture

text: hence

text: Horace

text: 's

text: famous

text: statement

text: Graecia

text: capta

text: ferum

text: victorem

text: cepit

text: Greece

text: although

text: captured

text: took

text: its

text: wild

text: conqueror

text: captive

text: The

text: epics

text: of

text: Homer

text: inspired

text: the

text: Aeneid

text: of

text: Virgil

text: and

text: authors

text: such

text: as

text: Seneca

text: the

text: younger

text: wrote

text: using

text: Greek

text: styles

text: Roman

text: heroes

text: such

text: as

text: Scipio

text: Africanus

text: tended

text: to

text: study

text: philosophy

text: and

text: regarded

text: Greek

text: culture

text: and

text: science

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: to

text: be

text: followed

text: Similarly

text: most

text: Roman

text: emperors

text: maintained

text: an

text: admiration

text: for

text: things

text: Greek

text: in

text: nature

text: The

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Nero

text: visited

text: Greece

text: in

text: AD

text: and

text: performed

text: at

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: despite

text: the

text: rules

text: against

text: non

text: Greek

text: participation

text: Hadrian

text: was

text: also

text: particularly

text: fond

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: before

text: he

text: became

text: emperor

text: he

text: served

text: as

text: an

text: eponymous

text: archon

text: of

text: Athens

question: What Roman Emperor became the ruler of all of Greece?

answer: Augustus

text: Augustus

question: What saying by Horace became famous?

answer: "Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"

text: "Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"

question: What famous Roman figure visited Greece in 66 AD?

answer: Nero

text: Nero

question: What famous Grecian author inspired later authors and their works?

answer: Homer

text: Homer

question: What hero of Rome studied Greek philosophy and science?

answer: Scipio Africanus

text: Scipio Africanus


text: The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe. The name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visited by Phoenicians and Carthaginians, incorporated in the Roman Republic dominions as Lusitania and part of Gallaecia, after 45 BC until 298 AD, settled again by Suebi, Buri, and Visigoths, and conquered by Moors. Other influences include some 5th-century vestiges of Alan settlement, which were found in Alenquer (old Germanic Alankerk, from Alan+kerk; meaning church of the Alan (people), Coimbra and Lisbon.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: early

text: history

text: of

text: Portugal

text: is

text: shared

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: Portugal

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: joined

text: Romano

text: Celtic

text: name

text: Portus

text: Cale

text: The

text: region

text: was

text: settled

text: by

text: Pre

text: Celts

text: and

text: Celts

text: giving

text: origin

text: to

text: peoples

text: like

text: the

text: Gallaeci

text: Lusitanians

text: Celtici

text: and

text: Cynetes

text: visited

text: by

text: Phoenicians

text: and

text: Carthaginians

text: incorporated

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: dominions

text: as

text: Lusitania

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: Gallaecia

text: after

text: BC

text: until

text: AD

text: settled

text: again

text: by

text: Suebi

text: Buri

text: and

text: Visigoths

text: and

text: conquered

text: by

text: Moors

text: Other

text: influences

text: include

text: some

text: century

text: vestiges

text: of

text: Alan

text: settlement

text: which

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: Alenquer

text: old

text: Germanic

text: Alankerk

text: from

text: Alan+kerk

text: meaning

text: church

text: of

text: the

text: Alan

text: people

text: Coimbra

text: and

text: Lisbon

question: From what name is Portugal derived?

answer: Portus Cale

text: Portus Cale

question: By what group was the Portugal region settled?

answer: Pre-Celts and Celts

text: Pre-Celts and Celts

question: To what four peoples did the settlement of Portugal give rise?

answer: Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes

text: Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes

question: During what years was the Portugal region incorporated in the Roman Republic?

answer: 45 BC until 298 AD

text: 45 BC until 298 AD

question: From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate?

answer: Alankerk

text: Alankerk


text: A fervent follower of the absolutist cause, Elío had played an important role in the repression of the supporters of the Constitution of 1812. For this, he was arrested in 1820 and executed in 1822 by garroting. Conflict between absolutists and liberals continued, and in the period of conservative rule called the Ominous Decade (1823–1833), which followed the Trienio Liberal, there was ruthless repression by government forces and the Catholic Inquisition. The last victim of the Inquisition was Gaietà Ripoli, a teacher accused of being a deist and a Mason who was hanged in Valencia in 1824.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: A

text: fervent

text: follower

text: of

text: the

text: absolutist

text: cause

text: Elío

text: had

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: repression

text: of

text: the

text: supporters

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: For

text: this

text: he

text: was

text: arrested

text: in

text: and

text: executed

text: in

text: by

text: garroting

text: Conflict

text: between

text: absolutists

text: and

text: liberals

text: continued

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: conservative

text: rule

text: called

text: the

text: Ominous

text: Decade

text: which

text: followed

text: the

text: Trienio

text: Liberal

text: there

text: was

text: ruthless

text: repression

text: by

text: government

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Inquisition

text: The

text: last

text: victim

text: of

text: the

text: Inquisition

text: was

text: Gaietà

text: Ripoli

text: a

text: teacher

text: accused

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: deist

text: and

text: a

text: Mason

text: who

text: was

text: hanged

text: in

text: Valencia

text: in

question: Who helped repress the supporters of the Constitution and was later executed for it?

answer: Elío

text: Elío

question: When was Elio killed?

answer: 1822

question: How was Elio executed?

answer: by garroting

text: by garroting

question: What are the years from 1823-1833 called?

answer: Ominous Decade

text: Ominous Decade

question: Who was the last person killed by the Inquisition?

answer: Gaietà Ripoli

text: Gaietà Ripoli


text: To distinguish official campaigning from independent campaigning, political advertisements on television were required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement. Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message." Advertisements produced by independent organizations usually included the statement, "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement", and from September 3 (60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name. Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: To

text: distinguish

text: official

text: campaigning

text: from

text: independent

text: campaigning

text: political

text: advertisements

text: on

text: television

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: include

text: a

text: verbal

text: disclaimer

text: identifying

text: the

text: organization

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: advertisement

text: Advertisements

text: produced

text: by

text: political

text: campaigns

text: usually

text: included

text: the

text: statement

text: I

text: 'm

text: candidate

text: 's

text: name

text: and

text: I

text: approve

text: this

text: message

text: Advertisements

text: produced

text: by

text: independent

text: organizations

text: usually

text: included

text: the

text: statement

text: Organization

text: name

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: content

text: of

text: this

text: advertisement

text: and

text: from

text: September

text: days

text: before

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: such

text: organizations

text: ads

text: were

text: prohibited

text: from

text: mentioning

text: any

text: candidate

text: by

text: name

text: Previously

text: television

text: advertisements

text: only

text: required

text: a

text: written

text: paid

text: for

text: by

text: disclaimer

text: on

text: the

text: screen

question: How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements??

answer: required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement

text: required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement

question: What was disallowed in advertising during the two months prior to the general election?

answer: 60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name

text: 60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name

question: Official advertisements generally contained what phrase?

answer: "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message."

text: "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message."

question: Independent advertisements generally contained what phrase?

answer: "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement"

text: "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement"

question: What was the tag line requirement before?

answer: Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

text: Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

question: What were candidates required to identify when speaking at a supporters business?

text: the organization

question: What did supporters have to refer to 60 days before an election?

text: any candidate by name

question: What does not mentioning candidates names before an election help the public differentiate between?

question: What method was used to disclose candidate funding when a candidate gave a speech in the past?

text: written

question: What were required to include who was involved in choosing a candidate for office?

text: political advertisements on television


text: Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: Transport

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: includes

text: land

text: air

text: and

text: water

text: transportation

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: rail

text: system

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: forced

text: laborers

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: largely

text: remains

text: in

text: operation

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: over

text: km

text: of

text: paved

text: roads

text: and

text: two

text: major

text: international

text: airports

text: Maya

text: Maya

text: Airport

text: and

text: Pointe

text: Noire

text: Airport

text: which

text: have

text: flights

text: to

text: Paris

text: and

text: many

text: African

text: cities

text: The

text: country

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: large

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: at

text: Pointe

text: Noire

text: and

text: others

text: along

text: the

text: Congo

text: River

text: at

text: Brazzaville

text: and

text: Impfondo

question: What forms of transport are available in the Congo?

answer: land, air and water

text: land, air and water

question: When was the Congo's train system built?

answer: 1930s

question: What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: On what ocean is a major port located?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: What method of transport is not available in the Republic of the Congo?

text: water

question: When did the country's rail system get taken out of operation?

question: How many kilometers of unpaved roads are in the Congo?

question: How many domestic airports are located in the Republic of the Congo?

text: two

question: Which ocean does the Congo have no ports on?

text: Atlantic


text: Hans Bielenstein writes that as far back as the Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE), the Han Chinese government "maintained the fiction" that the foreign officials administering the various "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions (composed of the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan) were true Han representatives due to the Han government's conferral of Chinese seals and seal cords to them.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: Hans

text: Bielenstein

text: writes

text: that

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: CE

text: the

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: government

text: maintained

text: the

text: fiction

text: that

text: the

text: foreign

text: officials

text: administering

text: the

text: various

text: Dependent

text: States

text: and

text: oasis

text: city

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Regions

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: Tarim

text: Basin

text: and

text: oasis

text: of

text: Turpan

text: were

text: true

text: Han

text: representatives

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Han

text: government

text: 's

text: conferral

text: of

text: Chinese

text: seals

text: and

text: seal

text: cords

text: to

text: them

question: What was the western regions composed of?

answer: the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan

text: the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan

question: Who believed that they were the true Han Western representatives?

answer: foreign officials

text: foreign officials


text: Between 2005 and 2006, Queen + Paul Rodgers embarked on a world tour, which was the first time Queen toured since their last tour with Freddie Mercury in 1986. The band's drummer Roger Taylor commented; "We never thought we would tour again, Paul [Rodgers] came along by chance and we seemed to have a chemistry. Paul is just such a great singer. He's not trying to be Freddie." The first leg was in Europe, the second in Japan, and the third in the US in 2006. Queen received the inaugural VH1 Rock Honors at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, on 25 May 2006. The Foo Fighters paid homage to the band in performing "Tie Your Mother Down" to open the ceremony before being joined on stage by May, Taylor, and Paul Rodgers, who played a selection of Queen hits.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Between

text: and

text: Queen

text: Paul

text: Rodgers

text: embarked

text: on

text: a

text: world

text: tour

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: Queen

text: toured

text: since

text: their

text: last

text: tour

text: with

text: Freddie

text: Mercury

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: drummer

text: Roger

text: Taylor

text: commented

text: We

text: never

text: thought

text: we

text: would

text: tour

text: again

text: Paul

text: Rodgers

text: came

text: along

text: by

text: chance

text: and

text: we

text: seemed

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: chemistry

text: Paul

text: is

text: just

text: such

text: a

text: great

text: singer

text: He

text: 's

text: not

text: trying

text: to

text: be

text: Freddie

text: The

text: first

text: leg

text: was

text: in

text: Europe

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: in

text: Queen

text: received

text: the

text: inaugural

text: Rock

text: Honors

text: at

text: the

text: Mandalay

text: Bay

text: Events

text: Center

text: in

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: Nevada

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: Foo

text: Fighters

text: paid

text: homage

text: to

text: the

text: band

text: in

text: performing

text: Tie

text: Your

text: Mother

text: Down

text: to

text: open

text: the

text: ceremony

text: before

text: being

text: joined

text: on

text: stage

text: by

text: May

text: Taylor

text: and

text: Paul

text: Rodgers

text: who

text: played

text: a

text: selection

text: of

text: Queen

text: hits

question: Between what years did Queen and Paul Rodgers first embark on a world tour?

answer: Between 2005 and 2006

text: Between 2005 and 2006

question: Where was the first leg of Queen's mid 2000s tour with Paul Rodgers?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What is the name of Queen's drummer?

answer: Roger Taylor

text: Roger Taylor

question: Where did Queen receive the inaugural VH1 Rock Honors?

answer: Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas

text: Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas


text: His next directorial feature was the Raiders prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. Teaming up once again with Lucas and Ford, the film was plagued with uncertainty for the material and script. This film and the Spielberg-produced Gremlins led to the creation of the PG-13 rating due to the high level of violence in films targeted at younger audiences. In spite of this, Temple of Doom is rated PG by the MPAA, even though it is the darkest and, possibly, most violent Indy film. Nonetheless, the film was still a huge blockbuster hit in 1984. It was on this project that Spielberg also met his future wife, actress Kate Capshaw.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: His

text: next

text: directorial

text: feature

text: was

text: the

text: Raiders

text: prequel

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Temple

text: of

text: Doom

text: Teaming

text: up

text: once

text: again

text: with

text: Lucas

text: and

text: Ford

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: plagued

text: with

text: uncertainty

text: for

text: the

text: material

text: and

text: script

text: This

text: film

text: and

text: the

text: Spielberg

text: produced

text: Gremlins

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: rating

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: violence

text: in

text: films

text: targeted

text: at

text: younger

text: audiences

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: this

text: Temple

text: of

text: Doom

text: is

text: rated

text: PG

text: by

text: the

text: MPAA

text: even

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: darkest

text: and

text: possibly

text: most

text: violent

text: Indy

text: film

text: Nonetheless

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: still

text: a

text: huge

text: blockbuster

text: hit

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: on

text: this

text: project

text: that

text: Spielberg

text: also

text: met

text: his

text: future

text: wife

text: actress

text: Kate

text: Capshaw

question: What rating did 'Temple of Doom' receive?

answer: PG

text: PG

question: When did 'Temple of Doom' debut?

answer: 1984

question: What movie caused 'PG-13' to be created?

answer: Gremlins

text: Gremlins

question: Why did Gremlins need 'PG-13'?

answer: the high level of violence in films targeted at younger audiences

text: the high level of violence in films targeted at younger audiences

question: What was Spielberg's future wife's career?

answer: actress

text: actress

question: What rating did Gremlins get?

question: Which is the least violent Indiana Jones movie?

text: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom

question: In what year did the original Indiana Jones movie release?

question: In what year did Kate Capshaw start her acting career?

question: In what year did Kate Capshaw do her last movie?


text: Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza. After the assassination of Carranza and a short mandate by Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón took power. After willing to be re-elected, he was killed by José de León Toral, a devout Catholic, in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel in 1928. Plutarco Elias Calles replaced Obregón and culminated the Mexican Revolution.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Zapatist

text: forces

text: which

text: were

text: based

text: in

text: neighboring

text: Morelos

text: had

text: strengths

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: which

text: included

text: Xochimilco

text: Tlalpan

text: Tláhuac

text: and

text: Milpa

text: Alta

text: to

text: fight

text: against

text: the

text: regimes

text: of

text: Victoriano

text: Huerta

text: and

text: Venustiano

text: Carranza

text: After

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Carranza

text: and

text: a

text: short

text: mandate

text: by

text: Adolfo

text: de

text: la

text: Huerta

text: Álvaro

text: Obregón

text: took

text: power

text: After

text: willing

text: to

text: be

text: re

text: elected

text: he

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: José

text: de

text: León

text: Toral

text: a

text: devout

text: Catholic

text: in

text: a

text: restaurant

text: near

text: La

text: Bombilla

text: Park

text: in

text: San

text: Ángel

text: in

text: Plutarco

text: Elias

text: Calles

text: replaced

text: Obregón

text: and

text: culminated

text: the

text: Mexican

text: Revolution

question: Who was the leader at the end of the Mexican Revolution?

answer: Plutarco Elias Calles

text: Plutarco Elias Calles

question: Where was Alvaro Obregon killed?

answer: in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel

text: in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel

question: When was Alvaro Obregon killed?

answer: 1928

question: Where were the Zapatist forces from?

answer: Morelos

text: Morelos

question: Who was the third to last leader before the end of the Mexican Revolution?

answer: Adolfo de la Huerta

text: Adolfo de la Huerta


text: The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in small quantity.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: The

text: chemical

text: composition

text: of

text: wood

text: varies

text: from

text: species

text: to

text: species

text: but

text: is

text: approximately

text: carbon

text: oxygen

text: hydrogen

text: nitrogen

text: and

text: other

text: elements

text: mainly

text: calcium

text: potassium

text: sodium

text: magnesium

text: iron

text: and

text: manganese

text: by

text: weight

text: Wood

text: also

text: contains

text: sulfur

text: chlorine

text: silicon

text: phosphorus

text: and

text: other

text: elements

text: in

text: small

text: quantity

question: What approximate percentage of carbon does wood have?

answer: 50%

question: What element makes up about 6% of the chemical composition of wood?

answer: hydrogen

text: hydrogen

question: About what percentage of wood is composed of nitrogen?

answer: 1%

question: Which element in wood composes about 42% of its weight?

answer: oxygen

text: oxygen

question: What element joins potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and sodium to make a combined 1% of the chemical composition of wood?

answer: magnesium

text: magnesium


text: The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.

title: Estonian_language

title: Estonian_language

text: The

text: return

text: of

text: Soviet

text: immigrants

text: to

text: their

text: countries

text: of

text: origin

text: has

text: brought

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: Estonians

text: in

text: Estonia

text: back

text: above

text: And

text: again

text: as

text: in

text: Latvia

text: today

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: remnant

text: non

text: Estonians

text: in

text: Estonia

text: have

text: adopted

text: the

text: Estonian

text: language

text: about

text: at

text: the

text: census

question: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?

answer: above 70%

text: above 70%

question: When Soviet immigrants joined Estonia, how many Estonians lived in Estonia?

question: How many native Estonians adopted Estonian?

question: What percentage of Estonians spoke Russian in 2000?

question: What percentage of Soviets spoke Estonian?

question: What percentage of Latvians spoke Russian?


text: Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning as in the early texts, that of being freed from greed, hate and delusion.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Therefore

text: according

text: to

text: Mahayana

text: Buddhism

text: the

text: arahant

text: has

text: attained

text: only

text: nirvana

text: thus

text: still

text: being

text: subject

text: to

text: delusion

text: while

text: the

text: bodhisattva

text: not

text: only

text: achieves

text: nirvana

text: but

text: full

text: liberation

text: from

text: delusion

text: as

text: well

text: He

text: thus

text: attains

text: bodhi

text: and

text: becomes

text: a

text: buddha

text: In

text: Theravada

text: Buddhism

text: bodhi

text: and

text: nirvana

text: carry

text: the

text: same

text: meaning

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: texts

text: that

text: of

text: being

text: freed

text: from

text: greed

text: hate

text: and

text: delusion

question: What has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion?

answer: bodhisattva

text: bodhisattva

question: If bodhi is attained what do you become?

answer: a buddha

text: a buddha

question: In theravada buddhism, bodhi and what term have the same meaning?

answer: nirvana

text: nirvana


text: Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wildlife nutrition. An example is the beetles, which are scavengers that feed on dead animals and fallen trees and thereby recycle biological materials into forms found useful by other organisms. These insects, and others, are responsible for much of the process by which topsoil is created.:3, 218–228

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Insect

text: ecology

text: is

text: the

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: how

text: insects

text: individually

text: or

text: as

text: a

text: community

text: interact

text: with

text: the

text: surrounding

text: environment

text: or

text: Insects

text: play

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: roles

text: in

text: their

text: ecosystems

text: which

text: includes

text: many

text: roles

text: such

text: as

text: soil

text: turning

text: and

text: aeration

text: dung

text: burial

text: pest

text: control

text: pollination

text: and

text: wildlife

text: nutrition

text: An

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: beetles

text: which

text: are

text: scavengers

text: that

text: feed

text: on

text: dead

text: animals

text: and

text: fallen

text: trees

text: and

text: thereby

text: recycle

text: biological

text: materials

text: into

text: forms

text: found

text: useful

text: by

text: other

text: organisms

text: These

text: insects

text: and

text: others

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: topsoil

text: is

question: Learning how insects interact with the surrounding environment is called what?

answer: Insect ecology

text: Insect ecology

question: Another term for surrounding environment is what?

answer: ecosystem

text: ecosystem

question: What kind of role do insects play in their ecosystem?

answer: important

text: important

question: What type of burial do insects engage in?

answer: dung

text: dung

question: Beetles are also known as what?

answer: scavengers

text: scavengers