text: In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' failure. Sometimes, typically in countries with less of an established democratic tradition, it is possible the dominant party will remain in power by using patronage and sometimes by voting fraud. In the latter case, the definition between dominant and one-party system becomes rather blurred. Examples of dominant party systems include the People's Action Party in Singapore, the African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia, the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan, and the National Liberation Front in Algeria. One-party dominant system also existed in Mexico with the Institutional Revolutionary Party until the 1990s, in the southern United States with the Democratic Party from the late 19th century until the 1970s, in Indonesia with the Golkar from the early 1970s until 1998.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: In

text: dominant

text: party

text: systems

text: opposition

text: parties

text: are

text: allowed

text: and

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: even

text: a

text: deeply

text: established

text: democratic

text: tradition

text: but

text: other

text: parties

text: are

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: no

text: real

text: chance

text: of

text: gaining

text: power

text: Sometimes

text: political

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: circumstances

text: and

text: public

text: opinion

text: are

text: the

text: reason

text: for

text: others

text: parties

text: failure

text: Sometimes

text: typically

text: in

text: countries

text: with

text: less

text: of

text: an

text: established

text: democratic

text: tradition

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: the

text: dominant

text: party

text: will

text: remain

text: in

text: power

text: by

text: using

text: patronage

text: and

text: sometimes

text: by

text: voting

text: fraud

text: In

text: the

text: latter

text: case

text: the

text: definition

text: between

text: dominant

text: and

text: one

text: party

text: system

text: becomes

text: rather

text: blurred

text: Examples

text: of

text: dominant

text: party

text: systems

text: include

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Action

text: Party

text: in

text: Singapore

text: the

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: in

text: Cambodia

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: in

text: Algeria

text: One

text: party

text: dominant

text: system

text: also

text: existed

text: in

text: Mexico

text: with

text: the

text: Institutional

text: Revolutionary

text: Party

text: until

text: the

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: until

text: the

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: with

text: the

text: Golkar

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: until

question: When are opposition parties allowed?

answer: In dominant-party systems

text: In dominant-party systems

question: What are some of the reasons for a party's failure?

answer: political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion

text: political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion

question: What are some ways a dominant party can stay in power?

answer: patronage and sometimes by voting fraud

text: patronage and sometimes by voting fraud

question: What are some examples of dominant party systems?

answer: African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia

text: African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia

question: For how long did the dominant one-party system last in mexico?

answer: 1990s

question: How likely is it that there was voting fraud in the 1998 election?

text: no real chance

question: What were the reasons for the Democratic Parties failure in 1990?

question: What were two things that the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan used in the 1970's to try and win an election?

text: patronage and sometimes by voting fraud

question: What are some parties that were guilty of using voter fraud?

question: How long did the People's Action Party in Singapore last?

text: until the 1990s


text: The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist–Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

title: Republic_of_the_Congo

text: The

text: region

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: Bantu

text: speaking

text: tribes

text: who

text: built

text: trade

text: links

text: leading

text: into

text: the

text: Congo

text: River

text: basin

text: Congo

text: Brazzaville

text: was

text: formerly

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: colony

text: of

text: Equatorial

text: Africa

text: Upon

text: independence

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: colony

text: of

text: French

text: Congo

text: became

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: The

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: was

text: a

text: Marxist

text: Leninist

text: one

text: party

text: state

text: from

text: to

text: Multi

text: party

text: elections

text: have

text: been

text: held

text: since

text: although

text: a

text: democratically

text: elected

text: government

text: was

text: ousted

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: President

text: Denis

text: Sassou

text: Nguesso

text: has

text: ruled

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: years

question: What language was spoken in the area that became the Congo?

answer: Bantu

text: Bantu

question: When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule?

answer: 1960

question: Who is the ruler of the Congo?

answer: Denis Sassou Nguesso

text: Denis Sassou Nguesso

question: What title does Nguesso hold?

answer: President

text: President

question: What language dominated Equatorial Africa?

text: Bantu

question: When did the Congo lose its independence from colonial rule?

question: What year was President Denis Sassou Nguesso ousted?

question: What conflict removed President Denis Sassou Nguesso from power?

text: Republic of the Congo Civil War

question: How many years did President Denis Sassou Nguesso rule the democratically elected government?


text: Many bird species have established breeding populations in areas to which they have been introduced by humans. Some of these introductions have been deliberate; the ring-necked pheasant, for example, has been introduced around the world as a game bird. Others have been accidental, such as the establishment of wild monk parakeets in several North American cities after their escape from captivity. Some species, including cattle egret, yellow-headed caracara and galah, have spread naturally far beyond their original ranges as agricultural practices created suitable new habitat.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Many

text: bird

text: species

text: have

text: established

text: breeding

text: populations

text: in

text: areas

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: by

text: humans

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: introductions

text: have

text: been

text: deliberate

text: the

text: ring

text: necked

text: pheasant

text: for

text: example

text: has

text: been

text: introduced

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: a

text: game

text: bird

text: Others

text: have

text: been

text: accidental

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: wild

text: monk

text: parakeets

text: in

text: several

text: North

text: American

text: cities

text: after

text: their

text: escape

text: from

text: captivity

text: Some

text: species

text: including

text: cattle

text: egret

text: yellow

text: headed

text: caracara

text: and

text: galah

text: have

text: spread

text: naturally

text: far

text: beyond

text: their

text: original

text: ranges

text: as

text: agricultural

text: practices

text: created

text: suitable

text: new

text: habitat

question: The ring-necked pheasant has been introduced as what kind of bird?

answer: game bird

text: game bird

question: Why have some species spread naturally far beyond their original ranges?

answer: agricultural practices created suitable new habitat

text: agricultural practices created suitable new habitat

question: Where have many birds established breeding populations?

answer: in areas to which they have been introduced by humans

text: in areas to which they have been introduced by humans


text: With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. When this type of audio is compressed, artifacts such as ringing or pre-echo are usually heard. A sample of applause compressed with a relatively low bit rate provides a good example of compression artifacts.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: With

text: too

text: low

text: a

text: bit

text: rate

text: compression

text: artifacts

text: i.e.

text: sounds

text: that

text: were

text: not

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: recording

text: may

text: be

text: audible

text: in

text: the

text: reproduction

text: Some

text: audio

text: is

text: hard

text: to

text: compress

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: randomness

text: and

text: sharp

text: attacks

text: When

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: audio

text: is

text: compressed

text: artifacts

text: such

text: as

text: ringing

text: or

text: pre

text: echo

text: are

text: usually

text: heard

text: A

text: sample

text: of

text: applause

text: compressed

text: with

text: a

text: relatively

text: low

text: bit

text: rate

text: provides

text: a

text: good

text: example

text: of

text: compression

text: artifacts

question: If the bit rate is too low, what might be audible in the reproduction?

answer: compression artifacts

text: compression artifacts

question: Sounds that were not in the original recording are referred to as what?

answer: compression artifacts

text: compression artifacts

question: Randomness and sharp attacks are two reasons that may make it harder to to do what to an audio file?

answer: compress

text: compress

question: Other than pre - echo, what is another example of what can happen when audio is compressed?

answer: ringing

text: ringing

question: What kind of sample can display a good example of compression artifacts?

answer: A sample of applause

text: A sample of applause


text: In an attempt to curb air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worst during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered license plates system was announced by Delhi government in December 2015. In addition, trucks will be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 p.m., two hours later than the existing restriction. The driving restriction scheme is planned to be implemented as a trial from January 1, 2016 for an initial period of 15 days. The restriction will be in force between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., and traffic will not be restricted on Sundays. Public transportation service will be increased during the restriction period.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: curb

text: air

text: pollution

text: in

text: New

text: Delhi

text: which

text: gets

text: worst

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: a

text: temporary

text: alternate

text: day

text: travel

text: scheme

text: for

text: cars

text: using

text: the

text: odd-

text: and

text: even

text: numbered

text: license

text: plates

text: system

text: was

text: announced

text: by

text: Delhi

text: government

text: in

text: December

text: In

text: addition

text: trucks

text: will

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: enter

text: India

text: 's

text: capital

text: only

text: after

text: p.m.

text: two

text: hours

text: later

text: than

text: the

text: existing

text: restriction

text: The

text: driving

text: restriction

text: scheme

text: is

text: planned

text: to

text: be

text: implemented

text: as

text: a

text: trial

text: from

text: January

text: for

text: an

text: initial

text: period

text: of

text: days

text: The

text: restriction

text: will

text: be

text: in

text: force

text: between

text: a.m.

text: and

text: p.m.

text: and

text: traffic

text: will

text: not

text: be

text: restricted

text: on

text: Sundays

text: Public

text: transportation

text: service

text: will

text: be

text: increased

text: during

text: the

text: restriction

text: period

question: In what season does New Delhi's air pollution worsen?

answer: winter

text: winter

question: What method was introduced in December 2015 to reduce New Delhi's air pollution?

answer: alternate-day travel

text: alternate-day travel

question: New Delhi's alternate-day travel scheme allowed trucks to enter the city after what hour?

answer: 11 p.m

text: 11 p.m

question: How long is the initial trial period for New Delhi's driving restriction scheme?

answer: 15 days

text: 15 days

question: On what day of the week will travel remain unrestricted by New Delhi's alternate day driving scheme?

answer: Sundays

text: Sundays


text: Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysical ideas, about moral values and even about purposes is possible. Popper's student W.W. Bartley III tried to radicalise this idea and made the controversial claim that not only can criticism go beyond empirical knowledge, but that everything can be rationally criticised.

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Popper

text: held

text: that

text: rationality

text: is

text: not

text: restricted

text: to

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: empirical

text: or

text: scientific

text: theories

text: but

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: merely

text: a

text: special

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: method

text: of

text: criticism

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: finding

text: and

text: eliminating

text: contradictions

text: in

text: knowledge

text: without

text: ad

text: hoc

text: measures

text: According

text: to

text: this

text: view

text: rational

text: discussion

text: about

text: metaphysical

text: ideas

text: about

text: moral

text: values

text: and

text: even

text: about

text: purposes

text: is

text: possible

text: Popper

text: 's

text: student

text: W.W.

text: Bartley

text: III

text: tried

text: to

text: radicalise

text: this

text: idea

text: and

text: made

text: the

text: controversial

text: claim

text: that

text: not

text: only

text: can

text: criticism

text: go

text: beyond

text: empirical

text: knowledge

text: but

text: that

text: everything

text: can

text: be

text: rationally

text: criticised

question: Popper's rational approach opposes what technique sometimes used to remove contradictions in knowledge?

answer: ad-hoc-measures

text: ad-hoc-measures

question: Which of Popper's students argued that rational criticism should be most widely applied?

answer: W.W. Bartley III

text: W.W. Bartley III

question: What type of knowledge is not the only sphere of rational criticism, according to Popper's student W.W. Bartley III?

answer: empirical

text: empirical

question: Who held that rationality is restricted  to the realm of empirical or scientific theories?

text: Popper

question: What is rational discussion about not possible, according to this view?

text: metaphysical ideas

question: Who was W.W. Bartley III's student?

text: Popper

question: What was W.W. Bartley III's uncontroversial claim?

text: everything can be rationally criticised


text: Successful cultivation of cotton requires a long frost-free period, plenty of sunshine, and a moderate rainfall, usually from 600 to 1,200 mm (24 to 47 in). Soils usually need to be fairly heavy, although the level of nutrients does not need to be exceptional. In general, these conditions are met within the seasonally dry tropics and subtropics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, but a large proportion of the cotton grown today is cultivated in areas with less rainfall that obtain the water from irrigation. Production of the crop for a given year usually starts soon after harvesting the preceding autumn. Cotton is naturally a perennial but is grown as an annual to help control pests. Planting time in spring in the Northern hemisphere varies from the beginning of February to the beginning of June. The area of the United States known as the South Plains is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world. While dryland (non-irrigated) cotton is successfully grown in this region, consistent yields are only produced with heavy reliance on irrigation water drawn from the Ogallala Aquifer. Since cotton is somewhat salt and drought tolerant, this makes it an attractive crop for arid and semiarid regions. As water resources get tighter around the world, economies that rely on it face difficulties and conflict, as well as potential environmental problems. For example, improper cropping and irrigation practices have led to desertification in areas of Uzbekistan, where cotton is a major export. In the days of the Soviet Union, the Aral Sea was tapped for agricultural irrigation, largely of cotton, and now salination is widespread.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: Successful

text: cultivation

text: of

text: cotton

text: requires

text: a

text: long

text: frost

text: free

text: period

text: plenty

text: of

text: sunshine

text: and

text: a

text: moderate

text: rainfall

text: usually

text: from

text: to

text: mm

text: to

text: in

text: Soils

text: usually

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: fairly

text: heavy

text: although

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: nutrients

text: does

text: not

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: exceptional

text: In

text: general

text: these

text: conditions

text: are

text: met

text: within

text: the

text: seasonally

text: dry

text: tropics

text: and

text: subtropics

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: hemispheres

text: but

text: a

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: cotton

text: grown

text: today

text: is

text: cultivated

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: less

text: rainfall

text: that

text: obtain

text: the

text: water

text: from

text: irrigation

text: Production

text: of

text: the

text: crop

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: year

text: usually

text: starts

text: soon

text: after

text: harvesting

text: the

text: preceding

text: autumn

text: Cotton

text: is

text: naturally

text: a

text: perennial

text: but

text: is

text: grown

text: as

text: an

text: annual

text: to

text: help

text: control

text: pests

text: Planting

text: time

text: in

text: spring

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: hemisphere

text: varies

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: February

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: June

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: South

text: Plains

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: contiguous

text: cotton

text: growing

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: While

text: dryland

text: non

text: irrigated

text: cotton

text: is

text: successfully

text: grown

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: consistent

text: yields

text: are

text: only

text: produced

text: with

text: heavy

text: reliance

text: on

text: irrigation

text: water

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: Ogallala

text: Aquifer

text: Since

text: cotton

text: is

text: somewhat

text: salt

text: and

text: drought

text: tolerant

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: an

text: attractive

text: crop

text: for

text: arid

text: and

text: semiarid

text: regions

text: As

text: water

text: resources

text: get

text: tighter

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: economies

text: that

text: rely

text: on

text: it

text: face

text: difficulties

text: and

text: conflict

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: potential

text: environmental

text: problems

text: For

text: example

text: improper

text: cropping

text: and

text: irrigation

text: practices

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: desertification

text: in

text: areas

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: where

text: cotton

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: export

text: In

text: the

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: Aral

text: Sea

text: was

text: tapped

text: for

text: agricultural

text: irrigation

text: largely

text: of

text: cotton

text: and

text: now

text: salination

text: is

text: widespread

question: What is the optimum amount of rainfall for cotton growth?

answer: 600 to 1,200 mm

text: 600 to 1,200 mm

question: In what soil type does cotton prefer to grow ?

answer: heavy

text: heavy

question: Why is cotton grown as an annual crop?

answer: control pests

text: control pests

question: Where in the US is considered the best place to grow cotton on Earth?

answer: South Plains

text: South Plains

question: What type of tolerances make cotton an ideal crop for semiarid areas?

answer: salt and drought

text: salt and drought

question: What is the minimum amount of rainfall for cotton growth?

text: 600 to 1,200 mm

question: In what rainfall type does cotton prefer to grow?

text: heavy

question: Why is cotton grown as a regional crop?

text: control pests

question: Where in the US is considered the best place to control pests on Earth?

text: South Plains

question: What type of tolerances make cotton an ideal crop for the Northern hemisphere?

text: salt and drought


text: The Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki was built in 1310–14. Although some vandal systematically removed the gold tesserae of the background it can be seen that the Pantokrator and the prophets in the dome follow the traditional Byzantine pattern. Many details are similar to the Pammakaristos mosaics so it is supposed that the same team of mosaicists worked in both buildings. Another building with a related mosaic decoration is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church in Arta. The church was established by the Despot of Epirus in 1294–96. In the dome is the traditional stern Pantokrator, with prophets and cherubim below.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Apostles

text: in

text: Thessaloniki

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: Although

text: some

text: vandal

text: systematically

text: removed

text: the

text: gold

text: tesserae

text: of

text: the

text: background

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: that

text: the

text: Pantokrator

text: and

text: the

text: prophets

text: in

text: the

text: dome

text: follow

text: the

text: traditional

text: Byzantine

text: pattern

text: Many

text: details

text: are

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Pammakaristos

text: mosaics

text: so

text: it

text: is

text: supposed

text: that

text: the

text: same

text: team

text: of

text: mosaicists

text: worked

text: in

text: both

text: buildings

text: Another

text: building

text: with

text: a

text: related

text: mosaic

text: decoration

text: is

text: the

text: Theotokos

text: Paregoritissa

text: Church

text: in

text: Arta

text: The

text: church

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Despot

text: of

text: Epirus

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: dome

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: stern

text: Pantokrator

text: with

text: prophets

text: and

text: cherubim

text: below

question: When was the Church of the Holy Apostles built?

answer: 1310–14

question: Who removed the gold tesserae in the background of the mosaic at the Church of the Holy Apostles?

answer: some vandal

text: some vandal

question: Where is the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church located?

answer: Arta

text: Arta

question: Who established the Theotokos Paregoritissa Church in 1294-96?

answer: the Despot of Epirus

text: the Despot of Epirus

question: The same team of mosaicists worked on the Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki as which other building?

answer: Pammakaristos

text: Pammakaristos


text: Though much of Enlightenment political thought was dominated by social contract theorists, both David Hume and Adam Ferguson criticized this camp. Hume's essay Of the Original Contract argues that governments derived from consent are rarely seen, and civil government is grounded in a ruler's habitual authority and force. It is precisely because of the ruler's authority over-and-against the subject, that the subject tacitly consents; Hume says that the subjects would "never imagine that their consent made him sovereign", rather the authority did so. Similarly, Ferguson did not believe citizens built the state, rather polities grew out of social development. In his 1767 An Essay on the History of Civil Society, Ferguson uses the four stages of progress, a theory that was very popular in Scotland at the time, to explain how humans advance from a hunting and gathering society to a commercial and civil society without "signing" a social contract.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Though

text: much

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: political

text: thought

text: was

text: dominated

text: by

text: social

text: contract

text: theorists

text: both

text: David

text: Hume

text: and

text: Adam

text: Ferguson

text: criticized

text: this

text: camp

text: Hume

text: 's

text: essay

text: Of

text: the

text: Original

text: Contract

text: argues

text: that

text: governments

text: derived

text: from

text: consent

text: are

text: rarely

text: seen

text: and

text: civil

text: government

text: is

text: grounded

text: in

text: a

text: ruler

text: 's

text: habitual

text: authority

text: and

text: force

text: It

text: is

text: precisely

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: ruler

text: 's

text: authority

text: over

text: and

text: against

text: the

text: subject

text: that

text: the

text: subject

text: tacitly

text: consents

text: Hume

text: says

text: that

text: the

text: subjects

text: would

text: never

text: imagine

text: that

text: their

text: consent

text: made

text: him

text: sovereign

text: rather

text: the

text: authority

text: did

text: so

text: Similarly

text: Ferguson

text: did

text: not

text: believe

text: citizens

text: built

text: the

text: state

text: rather

text: polities

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: social

text: development

text: In

text: his

text: An

text: Essay

text: on

text: the

text: History

text: of

text: Civil

text: Society

text: Ferguson

text: uses

text: the

text: four

text: stages

text: of

text: progress

text: a

text: theory

text: that

text: was

text: very

text: popular

text: in

text: Scotland

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: to

text: explain

text: how

text: humans

text: advance

text: from

text: a

text: hunting

text: and

text: gathering

text: society

text: to

text: a

text: commercial

text: and

text: civil

text: society

text: without

text: signing

text: a

text: social

text: contract

question: In what work did Ferguson explain how humans advanced from a hunting and gathering society to a commercial and civil society without "signing" a social contract?

answer: An Essay on the History of Civil Society

text: An Essay on the History of Civil Society

question: In what year did Ferguson publish An Essay on the History of Civil Society?

answer: 1767

question: How many stages of progress did Ferguson theorize?

answer: four

text: four

question: Who, along with Adam Ferguson, criticized the idea of social contract theorists?

answer: David Hume

text: David Hume


text: Constantius, ordered Liberius into exile in 356 giving him, then, three days to comply. He was ordered into banishment to Beroea, in Thrace; Beroea (Thrace). He sent expensive presents, too, if he were to accept the Arian position but were refused. He sent him, indeed, five hundred pieces of gold "to bear his charges" but Liberius refused them, saying, he might bestow them on his flatters; as he did also a like present from the empress, bidding the messenger learn to believe in Christ, and not to persecute the Church of God. Attempts were made to leave the presents in The Church, but Liberius threw them out. Constantius hereupon sent for him under a strict guard to Milan, where, in a conference recorded by Theodoret, he boldly told Constantius that Athanasius had been acquitted at Sardica, and his enemies proved calumniators (see: "calumny") and impostors, and that it was unjust to condemn a person who could not be legally convicted of any crime. The emperor was reduced to silence on every article, but being the more out of patience, ordered him into banishment. Liberius went into exile. Constantius, after two years went to Rome to celebrate the twentieth year of his reign. The ladies joined in a petition to him that he would restore Liberius. He assented, upon condition that he should comply with the bishops, then, at court. He subscribed the condemnation of Athanasius, and a confession or creed which had been framed by the Arians at Sirmium. And he no sooner had recovered his see that he declared himself for the Creed of Niceae, as Theodoret testifies. (Theodoret, Hist. lib. ii. c. 17.). The Emperor knew what he wanted people to believe. So did the bishops at his court. Athanasius stuck by the orthodox creed. Constantius was an avowed Arian, became sole ruler in 350, at the death of his brother, Constans.

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria

text: Constantius

text: ordered

text: Liberius

text: into

text: exile

text: in

text: giving

text: him

text: then

text: three

text: days

text: to

text: comply

text: He

text: was

text: ordered

text: into

text: banishment

text: to

text: Beroea

text: in

text: Thrace

text: Beroea

text: Thrace

text: He

text: sent

text: expensive

text: presents

text: too

text: if

text: he

text: were

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: Arian

text: position

text: but

text: were

text: refused

text: He

text: sent

text: him

text: indeed

text: five

text: hundred

text: pieces

text: of

text: gold

text: to

text: bear

text: his

text: charges

text: but

text: Liberius

text: refused

text: them

text: saying

text: he

text: might

text: bestow

text: them

text: on

text: his

text: flatters

text: as

text: he

text: did

text: also

text: a

text: like

text: present

text: from

text: the

text: empress

text: bidding

text: the

text: messenger

text: learn

text: to

text: believe

text: in

text: Christ

text: and

text: not

text: to

text: persecute

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: God

text: Attempts

text: were

text: made

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: presents

text: in

text: The

text: Church

text: but

text: Liberius

text: threw

text: them

text: out

text: Constantius

text: hereupon

text: sent

text: for

text: him

text: under

text: a

text: strict

text: guard

text: to

text: Milan

text: where

text: in

text: a

text: conference

text: recorded

text: by

text: Theodoret

text: he

text: boldly

text: told

text: Constantius

text: that

text: Athanasius

text: had

text: been

text: acquitted

text: at

text: Sardica

text: and

text: his

text: enemies

text: proved

text: calumniators

text: see

text: calumny

text: and

text: impostors

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: unjust

text: to

text: condemn

text: a

text: person

text: who

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: legally

text: convicted

text: of

text: any

text: crime

text: The

text: emperor

text: was

text: reduced

text: to

text: silence

text: on

text: every

text: article

text: but

text: being

text: the

text: more

text: out

text: of

text: patience

text: ordered

text: him

text: into

text: banishment

text: Liberius

text: went

text: into

text: exile

text: Constantius

text: after

text: two

text: years

text: went

text: to

text: Rome

text: to

text: celebrate

text: the

text: twentieth

text: year

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: The

text: ladies

text: joined

text: in

text: a

text: petition

text: to

text: him

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: restore

text: Liberius

text: He

text: assented

text: upon

text: condition

text: that

text: he

text: should

text: comply

text: with

text: the

text: bishops

text: then

text: at

text: court

text: He

text: subscribed

text: the

text: condemnation

text: of

text: Athanasius

text: and

text: a

text: confession

text: or

text: creed

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: framed

text: by

text: the

text: Arians

text: at

text: Sirmium

text: And

text: he

text: no

text: sooner

text: had

text: recovered

text: his

text: see

text: that

text: he

text: declared

text: himself

text: for

text: the

text: Creed

text: of

text: Niceae

text: as

text: Theodoret

text: testifies

text: Theodoret

text: Hist

text: lib

text: ii

text: c.

text: The

text: Emperor

text: knew

text: what

text: he

text: wanted

text: people

text: to

text: believe

text: So

text: did

text: the

text: bishops

text: at

text: his

text: court

text: Athanasius

text: stuck

text: by

text: the

text: orthodox

text: creed

text: Constantius

text: was

text: an

text: avowed

text: Arian

text: became

text: sole

text: ruler

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: Constans

question: How much warning was Liberius given before his exile?

answer: three days

text: three days

question: Where did Liberius go?

answer: Beroea

text: Beroea

question: Did bribery work in convincing Liberius to believe the Arians?

answer: were refused

text: were refused

question: Who tried to bribe Liberius?

answer: Constantius

text: Constantius

question: What did Liberius have to promise to do in order to return?

answer: comply with the bishops

text: comply with the bishops

question: How much warning was Liberius given before his freedom?

text: three days

question: What happened in 355?

question: Where did Liberius come from?

text: Beroea

question: Who tried to convince Liberius?

text: Constantius


text: Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century when it was ceded to the U.S. by Spain following the end of the Spanish–American War, and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917. The island's ultimate status has not been determined as of 2012[update], its residents do not have voting representation in their federal government. Puerto Rico has limited representation in the U.S. Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a delegate with limited no voting rights. Like the states, Puerto Rico has self-rule, a republican form of government organized pursuant to a constitution adopted by its people, and a bill of rights.

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: has

text: been

text: under

text: U.S.

text: sovereignty

text: for

text: over

text: a

text: century

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: ceded

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: by

text: Spain

text: following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: American

text: War

text: and

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: have

text: been

text: U.S.

text: citizens

text: since

text: The

text: island

text: 's

text: ultimate

text: status

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: determined

text: as

text: of

text: its

text: residents

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: voting

text: representation

text: in

text: their

text: federal

text: government

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: has

text: limited

text: representation

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Congress

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: Resident

text: Commissioner

text: a

text: delegate

text: with

text: limited

text: no

text: voting

text: rights

text: Like

text: the

text: states

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: has

text: self

text: rule

text: a

text: republican

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: organized

text: pursuant

text: to

text: a

text: constitution

text: adopted

text: by

text: its

text: people

text: and

text: a

text: bill

text: of

text: rights

question: In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Puerto Rico?

answer: Spanish–American War

text: Spanish–American War

question: What country handed over Puerto Rico to the US?

answer: Spain

text: Spain

question: How long have Puerto Ricans been U.S. citizens?

answer: since 1917

text: since 1917

question: What form of government do the Puerto Ricans have?

answer: republican

text: republican

question: In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Congress?

text: Spanish–American War

question: What country handed over Congress to the US?

text: Spain

question: How long has Congress been U.S. citizens?

text: since 1917

question: What form of government does Spain have?

text: republican

question: How long has Spain been under U.S. sovereignty?

text: over a century


text: Because neither Korea had a significant navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles. A skirmish between North Korea and the UN Command occurred on 2 July 1950; the U.S. Navy cruiser USS Juneau, the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Jamaica, and the frigate HMS Black Swan fought four North Korean torpedo boats and two mortar gunboats, and sank them. USS Juneau later sank several ammunition ships that had been present. The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship PC-703 sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon. Three other supply ships were sunk by PC-703 two days later in the Yellow Sea. Thereafter, vessels from the UN nations held undisputed control of the sea about Korea. The gun ships were used in shore bombardment, while the aircraft carriers provided air support to the ground forces.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Because

text: neither

text: Korea

text: had

text: a

text: significant

text: navy

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: featured

text: few

text: naval

text: battles

text: A

text: skirmish

text: between

text: North

text: Korea

text: and

text: the

text: UN

text: Command

text: occurred

text: on

text: July

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Navy

text: cruiser

text: USS

text: Juneau

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: cruiser

text: HMS

text: Jamaica

text: and

text: the

text: frigate

text: HMS

text: Black

text: Swan

text: fought

text: four

text: North

text: Korean

text: torpedo

text: boats

text: and

text: two

text: mortar

text: gunboats

text: and

text: sank

text: them

text: USS

text: Juneau

text: later

text: sank

text: several

text: ammunition

text: ships

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: present

text: The

text: last

text: sea

text: battle

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: occurred

text: at

text: Inchon

text: days

text: before

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Incheon

text: the

text: ROK

text: ship

text: sank

text: a

text: North

text: Korean

text: mine

text: layer

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Haeju

text: Island

text: near

text: Inchon

text: Three

text: other

text: supply

text: ships

text: were

text: sunk

text: by

text: two

text: days

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: Thereafter

text: vessels

text: from

text: the

text: UN

text: nations

text: held

text: undisputed

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: about

text: Korea

text: The

text: gun

text: ships

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: shore

text: bombardment

text: while

text: the

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: provided

text: air

text: support

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: forces

question: Why were naval skirmishes not really seen in the Korean War?

answer: neither Korea had a significant navy

text: neither Korea had a significant navy

question: Who pretty much gained and maintained control of the sea?

answer: the UN nations

text: the UN nations

question: Who dominated any battles that may have taken place at sea?

answer: the UN Command

text: the UN Command

question: Where was the last sea battle of the Korean War?

answer: Inchon

text: Inchon


text: The CBC's flagship newscast, The National, airs Sunday through Fridays at 10:00 p.m. EST and Saturdays at 6:00 p.m. EST. Until October 2006, CBC owned-and-operated stations aired a second broadcast of the program at 11:00 p.m.; this later broadcast included only the main news portion of the program, and excluded the analysis and documentary segment. This second airing was later replaced with other programming, and as of the 2012-13 television season, was replaced on CBC's major market stations by a half-hour late newscast. There is also a short news update, at most, on late Saturday evenings. During hockey season, this update is usually found during the first intermission of the second game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: The

text: CBC

text: 's

text: flagship

text: newscast

text: The

text: National

text: airs

text: Sunday

text: through

text: Fridays

text: at

text: p.m.

text: EST

text: and

text: Saturdays

text: at

text: p.m.

text: EST

text: Until

text: October

text: CBC

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: stations

text: aired

text: a

text: second

text: broadcast

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: at

text: p.m.

text: this

text: later

text: broadcast

text: included

text: only

text: the

text: main

text: news

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: program

text: and

text: excluded

text: the

text: analysis

text: and

text: documentary

text: segment

text: This

text: second

text: airing

text: was

text: later

text: replaced

text: with

text: other

text: programming

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: television

text: season

text: was

text: replaced

text: on

text: CBC

text: 's

text: major

text: market

text: stations

text: by

text: a

text: half

text: hour

text: late

text: newscast

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: short

text: news

text: update

text: at

text: most

text: on

text: late

text: Saturday

text: evenings

text: During

text: hockey

text: season

text: this

text: update

text: is

text: usually

text: found

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: intermission

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: game

text: of

text: the

text: doubleheader

text: on

text: Hockey

text: Night

text: in

text: Canada

question: What did the 11pm broadcast of The National omit?

answer: analysis and documentary segment

text: analysis and documentary segment

question: Which title is CBC's flagship newscast?

answer: The National

text: The National

question: When did CBC discontinue its late-night broadcast of The National?

answer: October 2006

text: October 2006

question: During hockey season, when does the late night news update occur?

answer: during the first intermission of the second game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada

text: during the first intermission of the second game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada

question: Why did the CBC cancel the 11pm broadcast of The National?

question: When did the first episode of The National air?

text: October 2006

question: During what television season did the CBC start broadcasting Hockey Night In Canada?

question: The CBC has found that newscasts should not take up more time than this event?


text: The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Alps

text: provide

text: lowland

text: Europe

text: with

text: drinking

text: water

text: irrigation

text: and

text: hydroelectric

text: power

text: Although

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: only

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Alps

text: provide

text: up

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: water

text: to

text: lowland

text: Europe

text: particularly

text: to

text: arid

text: areas

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: months

text: Cities

text: such

text: as

text: Milan

text: depend

text: on

text: percent

text: of

text: water

text: from

text: Alpine

text: runoff

text: Water

text: from

text: the

text: rivers

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: over

text: hydroelectricity

text: power

text: plants

text: generating

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: kilowatts

text: of

text: electricity

question: What provides Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power?

answer: The Alps

text: The Alps

question: How much of Europe does the Alps cover?

answer: 11 percent of the surface area

text: 11 percent of the surface area

question: How much water does the Alps provide to lowland Europe?

answer: 90 percent

text: 90 percent

question: How much water does Milan depend on from the Alpine runoff?

answer: 80 percent

text: 80 percent

question: Water from the rivers is used in over how many hydroelectric power plants?

answer: 500


text: In Brazil, the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic. The Superior Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justiça) reviews State and Federal Circuit courts decisions for civil law and criminal law cases, when dealing with federal law or conflicting rulings. The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) reviews cases involving labour law. The Superior Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the court of last resort of electoral law, and also oversees general elections. The Superior Military Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Militar) is the highest court in matters of federal military law.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: In

text: Brazil

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Federal

text: Tribunal

text: Supremo

text: Tribunal

text: Federal

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: It

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: constitutional

text: court

text: and

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: last

text: resort

text: in

text: Brazilian

text: law

text: It

text: only

text: reviews

text: cases

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: unconstitutional

text: or

text: final

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: pleads

text: for

text: criminal

text: cases

text: It

text: also

text: judges

text: in

text: original

text: jurisdiction

text: cases

text: involving

text: members

text: of

text: congress

text: senators

text: ministers

text: of

text: state

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: high

text: courts

text: and

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: Vice

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: The

text: Superior

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: Tribunal

text: Superior

text: de

text: Justiça

text: reviews

text: State

text: and

text: Federal

text: Circuit

text: courts

text: decisions

text: for

text: civil

text: law

text: and

text: criminal

text: law

text: cases

text: when

text: dealing

text: with

text: federal

text: law

text: or

text: conflicting

text: rulings

text: The

text: Superior

text: Labour

text: Tribunal

text: Tribunal

text: Superior

text: do

text: Trabalho

text: reviews

text: cases

text: involving

text: labour

text: law

text: The

text: Superior

text: Electoral

text: Tribunal

text: Tribunal

text: Superior

text: Eleitoral

text: is

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: last

text: resort

text: of

text: electoral

text: law

text: and

text: also

text: oversees

text: general

text: elections

text: The

text: Superior

text: Military

text: Tribunal

text: Tribunal

text: Superior

text: Militar

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: matters

text: of

text: federal

text: military

text: law

question: What is the highest court in Brazil?

answer: Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)

text: Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal)

question: What are the two areas this court has supremacy over?

answer: cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases

text: cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases

question: Which legislative bodies does this court sit in cases over?

answer: cases involving members of congress, senators

text: cases involving members of congress, senators

question: What other government officials are subject to judgments of Brazil's highest court?

answer: ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic

text: ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic

question: What is Brazil's high court for labor law?

answer: The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho)

text: The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho)

question: The Superior Labour Tribunal oversees what type of elections?

text: general elections

question: What two types of cases does the Superior Military Tribunal only review?

question: What conflicting outcomes does the Superior Electoral Tribunal deal with?

text: rulings

question: What is the Brazilian name for the Supreme Court?

text: Supremo Tribunal Federal


text: The evolutionary relationships and heredity of a group of organisms is called its phylogeny. Phylogenetic studies attempt to discover phylogenies. The basic approach is to use similarities based on shared inheritance to determine relationships. As an example, species of Pereskia are trees or bushes with prominent leaves. They do not obviously resemble a typical leafless cactus such as an Echinocactus. However, both Pereskia and Echinocactus have spines produced from areoles (highly specialised pad-like structures) suggesting that the two genera are indeed related.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: The

text: evolutionary

text: relationships

text: and

text: heredity

text: of

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: is

text: called

text: its

text: phylogeny

text: Phylogenetic

text: studies

text: attempt

text: to

text: discover

text: phylogenies

text: The

text: basic

text: approach

text: is

text: to

text: use

text: similarities

text: based

text: on

text: shared

text: inheritance

text: to

text: determine

text: relationships

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: species

text: of

text: Pereskia

text: are

text: trees

text: or

text: bushes

text: with

text: prominent

text: leaves

text: They

text: do

text: not

text: obviously

text: resemble

text: a

text: typical

text: leafless

text: cactus

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: Echinocactus

text: However

text: both

text: Pereskia

text: and

text: Echinocactus

text: have

text: spines

text: produced

text: from

text: areoles

text: highly

text: specialised

text: pad

text: like

text: structures

text: suggesting

text: that

text: the

text: two

text: genera

text: are

text: indeed

text: related

question: What does the phylogeny of a group represent?

answer: relationships and heredity

text: relationships and heredity

question: How are the relationships within the group determined?

answer: shared inheritance

text: shared inheritance

question: What would be an indication of a shared inheritance in two cacti?

answer: spines produced from areoles

text: spines produced from areoles

question: What are areoles?

answer: pad-like structures

text: pad-like structures


text: The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics. As the days shorten in autumn, the birds return to warmer regions where the available food supply varies little with the season.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: The

text: primary

text: motivation

text: for

text: migration

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: food

text: for

text: example

text: some

text: hummingbirds

text: choose

text: not

text: to

text: migrate

text: if

text: fed

text: through

text: the

text: winter

text: Also

text: the

text: longer

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: summer

text: provide

text: extended

text: time

text: for

text: breeding

text: birds

text: to

text: feed

text: their

text: young

text: This

text: helps

text: diurnal

text: birds

text: to

text: produce

text: larger

text: clutches

text: than

text: related

text: non

text: migratory

text: species

text: that

text: remain

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: As

text: the

text: days

text: shorten

text: in

text: autumn

text: the

text: birds

text: return

text: to

text: warmer

text: regions

text: where

text: the

text: available

text: food

text: supply

text: varies

text: little

text: with

text: the

text: season

question: What is the primary motivation for migration?

answer: food

text: food

question: Which birds will not migrate if they are well fed through winter?

answer: hummingbirds

text: hummingbirds

question: When do the birds return to warmer regions?

answer: autumn

text: autumn

question: what do the longer days of summer provide the birds?

answer: time for breeding birds to feed their young.

text: time for breeding birds to feed their young.

question: What do diurnal birds produce as opposed to non migratory species?

answer: larger clutches

text: larger clutches


text: During and after the Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the Greek Orthodox Church.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: During

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Greek

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Greeks

text: of

text: the

text: diaspora

text: were

text: important

text: in

text: establishing

text: the

text: fledgling

text: state

text: raising

text: funds

text: and

text: awareness

text: abroad

text: Greek

text: merchant

text: families

text: already

text: had

text: contacts

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: disturbances

text: many

text: set

text: up

text: home

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: notably

text: Marseilles

text: in

text: France

text: Livorno

text: in

text: Italy

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Russia

text: Odessa

text: and

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: and

text: Britain

text: London

text: and

text: Liverpool

text: from

text: where

text: they

text: traded

text: typically

text: in

text: textiles

text: and

text: grain

text: Businesses

text: frequently

text: comprised

text: the

text: extended

text: family

text: and

text: with

text: them

text: they

text: brought

text: schools

text: teaching

text: Greek

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

question: After freedom was won by the Greeks who was of import to forming the rules  ?

answer: Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state

text: Greek War of Independence, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state

question: What did they do that contributed to the Greek's success of establishment?

answer: important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad

text: important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad

question: Who already had contact over a network of countries ready to offer assistance to the Greeks ?

answer: Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries

text: Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries

question: What countries did they settle in ?

answer: Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool)

text: Marseilles in France, Livorno in Italy, Alexandria in Egypt), Russia (Odessa and Saint Petersburg), and Britain (London and Liverpool)

question: How were these relationships with the other countries most likely established ?

answer: from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain.

text: from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain.

question: Before freedom was won by the Greeks who was of import to forming the rules?

question: What did they do that contributed to the French's success of establishment?

question: Who already had contact over a network of countries ready to offer assistance to the French?

text: Greek merchant families

question: What countries did they not settle in?


text: In his work "On the Jews and Their Lies" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was "assailed by much heresy", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, "as it still does daily before our eyes." He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being "blasphemous" (sic) and a lie, and vilifies Jews in general as being spiritually "blind" and "surely possessed by all devils." Luther calls the members of the Orthodox Catholic Church "papists" and heretics, and has a special spiritual problem with Jewish circumcision.

title: Heresy

title: Heresy

text: In

text: his

text: work

text: On

text: the

text: Jews

text: and

text: Their

text: Lies

text: German

text: Reformation

text: leader

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: claims

text: that

text: Jewish

text: history

text: was

text: assailed

text: by

text: much

text: heresy

text: and

text: that

text: Christ

text: the

text: logos

text: swept

text: away

text: the

text: Jewish

text: heresy

text: and

text: goes

text: on

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: as

text: it

text: still

text: does

text: daily

text: before

text: our

text: eyes

text: He

text: stigmatizes

text: Jewish

text: Prayer

text: as

text: being

text: blasphemous

text: sic

text: and

text: a

text: lie

text: and

text: vilifies

text: Jews

text: in

text: general

text: as

text: being

text: spiritually

text: blind

text: and

text: surely

text: possessed

text: by

text: all

text: devils

text: Luther

text: calls

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: papists

text: and

text: heretics

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: special

text: spiritual

text: problem

text: with

text: Jewish

text: circumcision

question: What is the work called that Martin Luther created regarding Jews and heresy?

answer: "On the Jews and Their Lies"

text: "On the Jews and Their Lies"

question: What term does Luther assign to the practice of Jewish Prayer?

answer: blasphemous

text: blasphemous

question: What is said to be a special spiritual problem?

answer: Jewish circumcision

text: Jewish circumcision

question: What did Martin Luther write in the 15th century?

text: "On the Jews and Their Lies"

question: What did Luther call Orthodox prayer?

text: "blasphemous"

question: Who called the popes heratics?

text: Martin Luther

question: Who felt Jewish circumcision was spiritual?

text: Martin Luther


text: While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the University of Detroit Mercy and Marygrove College, anchors historic neighborhoods including Palmer Woods, Sherwood Forest, and the University District.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: While

text: the

text: Downtown

text: and

text: New

text: Center

text: areas

text: contain

text: high

text: rise

text: buildings

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: city

text: consists

text: of

text: low

text: rise

text: structures

text: and

text: single

text: family

text: homes

text: Outside

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: core

text: residential

text: high

text: rises

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: upper

text: class

text: neighborhoods

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: East

text: Riverfront

text: extending

text: toward

text: Grosse

text: Pointe

text: and

text: the

text: Palmer

text: Park

text: neighborhood

text: just

text: west

text: of

text: Woodward

text: The

text: University

text: Commons

text: Palmer

text: Park

text: district

text: in

text: northwest

text: Detroit

text: near

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Detroit

text: Mercy

text: and

text: Marygrove

text: College

text: anchors

text: historic

text: neighborhoods

text: including

text: Palmer

text: Woods

text: Sherwood

text: Forest

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: District

question: What areas of Detroit contain high rises?

answer: Downtown and New Center

text: Downtown and New Center

question: What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?

answer: Palmer Park

text: Palmer Park

question: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?

answer: historic

text: historic


text: During the 19th century, it was not infrequent for the Foreign Office to approach The Times and ask for continental intelligence, which was often superior to that conveyed by official sources.[citation needed]

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: infrequent

text: for

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Office

text: to

text: approach

text: The

text: Times

text: and

text: ask

text: for

text: continental

text: intelligence

text: which

text: was

text: often

text: superior

text: to

text: that

text: conveyed

text: by

text: official

text: sources.[citation

text: needed

question: Which agency often used The Times for continental intelligence?

answer: the Foreign Office

text: the Foreign Office

question: Which century was The Times first often relied upon for continental intelligence?

answer: 19th century

text: 19th century

question: Continental intelligence conveyed by The Times was often superior to what?

answer: official sources

text: official sources


text: Geology did not undergo systematic restructuring during the Scientific Revolution, but individual theorists made important contributions. Robert Hooke, for example, formulated a theory of earthquakes, and Nicholas Steno developed the theory of superposition and argued that fossils were the remains of once-living creatures. Beginning with Thomas Burnet's Sacred Theory of the Earth in 1681, natural philosophers began to explore the idea that the Earth had changed over time. Burnet and his contemporaries interpreted Earth's past in terms of events described in the Bible, but their work laid the intellectual foundations for secular interpretations of Earth history.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Geology

text: did

text: not

text: undergo

text: systematic

text: restructuring

text: during

text: the

text: Scientific

text: Revolution

text: but

text: individual

text: theorists

text: made

text: important

text: contributions

text: Robert

text: Hooke

text: for

text: example

text: formulated

text: a

text: theory

text: of

text: earthquakes

text: and

text: Nicholas

text: Steno

text: developed

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: superposition

text: and

text: argued

text: that

text: fossils

text: were

text: the

text: remains

text: of

text: once

text: living

text: creatures

text: Beginning

text: with

text: Thomas

text: Burnet

text: 's

text: Sacred

text: Theory

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: in

text: natural

text: philosophers

text: began

text: to

text: explore

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: the

text: Earth

text: had

text: changed

text: over

text: time

text: Burnet

text: and

text: his

text: contemporaries

text: interpreted

text: Earth

text: 's

text: past

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: events

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: Bible

text: but

text: their

text: work

text: laid

text: the

text: intellectual

text: foundations

text: for

text: secular

text: interpretations

text: of

text: Earth

text: history

question: What happened to geology during the Scientific Revolution?

answer: individual theorists made important contributions

text: individual theorists made important contributions

question: What did Robert Hooke study?

answer: earthquakes

text: earthquakes

question: What theory did Nicholas Steno discover?

answer: the theory of superposition

text: the theory of superposition

question: What book did Thomas Burnet right in 1681?

answer: Sacred Theory of the Earth

text: Sacred Theory of the Earth

question: What text did Burnet base his work off of?

answer: the Bible

text: the Bible


text: In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantius Chlorus, the father of Constantine I. Diocletian's successor Galerius maintained anti-Christian policy until his deathbed revocation in 311, when he asked Christians to pray for him. "This meant an ofﬁcial recognition of their importance in the religious world of the Roman empire, although one of the tetrarchs, Maximinus Daia, still oppressed Christians in his part of the empire up to 313."

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: places

text: the

text: edicts

text: were

text: strictly

text: enforced

text: some

text: Christians

text: resisted

text: and

text: were

text: imprisoned

text: or

text: martyred

text: Others

text: complied

text: Some

text: local

text: communities

text: were

text: not

text: only

text: pre

text: dominantly

text: Christian

text: but

text: powerful

text: and

text: influential

text: and

text: some

text: provincial

text: authorities

text: were

text: lenient

text: notably

text: the

text: Caesar

text: in

text: Gaul

text: Constantius

text: Chlorus

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Constantine

text: I.

text: Diocletian

text: 's

text: successor

text: Galerius

text: maintained

text: anti

text: Christian

text: policy

text: until

text: his

text: deathbed

text: revocation

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: asked

text: Christians

text: to

text: pray

text: for

text: him

text: This

text: meant

text: an

text: ofﬁcial

text: recognition

text: of

text: their

text: importance

text: in

text: the

text: religious

text: world

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: empire

text: although

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tetrarchs

text: Maximinus

text: Daia

text: still

text: oppressed

text: Christians

text: in

text: his

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: up

text: to

question: How were the Roman edicts handled in some areas?

answer: strictly enforced

text: strictly enforced

question: In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians?

answer: imprisoned or martyred

text: imprisoned or martyred

question: What were some Christian communities?

answer: powerful and influential

text: powerful and influential

question: What were some provincial governors in enforcement of the Roman edicts?

answer: lenient

text: lenient

question: When did Galerius revoke the anti-Christian policies?

answer: 311


text: At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 300 metres (984 ft). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon-like rainy season alternates with periods of hot, dry harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. The Bijagos Archipelago lies off of the mainland.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: At

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: larger

text: in

text: size

text: than

text: Taiwan

text: or

text: Belgium

text: It

text: lies

text: at

text: a

text: low

text: altitude

text: its

text: highest

text: point

text: is

text: metres

text: ft

text: The

text: terrain

text: of

text: is

text: mostly

text: low

text: coastal

text: plain

text: with

text: swamps

text: of

text: Guinean

text: mangroves

text: rising

text: to

text: Guinean

text: forest

text: savanna

text: mosaic

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Its

text: monsoon

text: like

text: rainy

text: season

text: alternates

text: with

text: periods

text: of

text: hot

text: dry

text: harmattan

text: winds

text: blowing

text: from

text: the

text: Sahara

text: The

text: Bijagos

text: Archipelago

text: lies

text: off

text: of

text: the

text: mainland

question: Guinea-Bissau is larger than what two countries?

answer: Taiwan or Belgium

text: Taiwan or Belgium

question: How high is the highest point in Guinea-Bissau?

answer: 300 metres (984 ft)

text: 300 metres (984 ft)

question: What archipelago lies off the mainland?

answer: Bijagos

text: Bijagos

question: How many square kilometers is Guinea-Bissau?

answer: 36,125

question: Where does Guinea-Bissau get its hot dry winds from?

answer: the Sahara

text: the Sahara


text: Like many Australian cities, Melbourne has a high dependency on the automobile for transport, particularly in the outer suburban areas where the largest number of cars are bought, with a total of 3.6 million private vehicles using 22,320 km (13,870 mi) of road, and one of the highest lengths of road per capita in the world. The early 20th century saw an increase in popularity of automobiles, resulting in large-scale suburban expansion. By the mid 1950s there was just under 200 passenger vehicles per 1000 people by 2013 there was 600 passenger vehicles per 1000 people. Today it has an extensive network of freeways and arterial roadways used by private vehicles including freight as well as public transport systems including bus and taxis. Major highways feeding into the city include the Eastern Freeway, Monash Freeway and West Gate Freeway (which spans the large West Gate Bridge), whilst other freeways circumnavigate the city or lead to other major cities, including CityLink (which spans the large Bolte Bridge), Eastlink, the Western Ring Road, Calder Freeway, Tullamarine Freeway (main airport link) and the Hume Freeway which links Melbourne and Sydney.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Like

text: many

text: Australian

text: cities

text: Melbourne

text: has

text: a

text: high

text: dependency

text: on

text: the

text: automobile

text: for

text: transport

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: outer

text: suburban

text: areas

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: cars

text: are

text: bought

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: private

text: vehicles

text: using

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: road

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: lengths

text: of

text: road

text: per

text: capita

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: early

text: century

text: saw

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: popularity

text: of

text: automobiles

text: resulting

text: in

text: large

text: scale

text: suburban

text: expansion

text: By

text: the

text: mid

text: there

text: was

text: just

text: under

text: passenger

text: vehicles

text: per

text: people

text: by

text: there

text: was

text: passenger

text: vehicles

text: per

text: people

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: an

text: extensive

text: network

text: of

text: freeways

text: and

text: arterial

text: roadways

text: used

text: by

text: private

text: vehicles

text: including

text: freight

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: public

text: transport

text: systems

text: including

text: bus

text: and

text: taxis

text: Major

text: highways

text: feeding

text: into

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Freeway

text: Monash

text: Freeway

text: and

text: West

text: Gate

text: Freeway

text: which

text: spans

text: the

text: large

text: West

text: Gate

text: Bridge

text: whilst

text: other

text: freeways

text: circumnavigate

text: the

text: city

text: or

text: lead

text: to

text: other

text: major

text: cities

text: including

text: CityLink

text: which

text: spans

text: the

text: large

text: Bolte

text: Bridge

text: Eastlink

text: the

text: Western

text: Ring

text: Road

text: Calder

text: Freeway

text: Tullamarine

text: Freeway

text: main

text: airport

text: link

text: and

text: the

text: Hume

text: Freeway

text: which

text: links

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: Sydney

question: Does Melbourne have a high or low dependency on the automobile?

answer: high

text: high

question: How many private vehicles travel Melbourne's 13,870 miles of road?

answer: 3.6 million

text: 3.6 million

question: Which freeway spans the large Bolte Bridge?

answer: CityLink

text: CityLink

question: Which freeway links Melbourne and Sydney?

answer: Hume Freeway

text: Hume Freeway


text: In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly 2,000,000 square kilometres (772,000 sq mi) of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary. This is the world's largest shark sanctuary, extending the worldwide ocean area in which sharks are protected from 2,700,000 to 4,600,000 square kilometres (1,042,000 to 1,776,000 sq mi). In protected waters, all shark fishing is banned and all by-catch must be released. However, some have questioned the ability of the Marshall Islands to enforce this zone.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: government

text: declared

text: that

text: an

text: area

text: covering

text: nearly

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: of

text: ocean

text: shall

text: be

text: reserved

text: as

text: a

text: shark

text: sanctuary

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: shark

text: sanctuary

text: extending

text: the

text: worldwide

text: ocean

text: area

text: in

text: which

text: sharks

text: are

text: protected

text: from

text: to

text: square

text: kilometres

text: to

text: sq

text: mi

text: In

text: protected

text: waters

text: all

text: shark

text: fishing

text: is

text: banned

text: and

text: all

text: by

text: catch

text: must

text: be

text: released

text: However

text: some

text: have

text: questioned

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: to

text: enforce

text: this

text: zone

question: How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles?

answer: 772,000

question: In what month and year did the Marshall Islands declare the largest shark sanctuary in the world?

answer: October 2011

text: October 2011

question: In how many square miles of ocean around the world are sharks protected?

answer: 1,776,000

question: What is forbidden in shark sanctuaries?

answer: shark fishing

text: shark fishing


text: During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: During

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Spain

text: pioneered

text: European

text: exploration

text: of

text: the

text: globe

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: established

text: large

text: overseas

text: empires

text: Envious

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: wealth

text: these

text: empires

text: generated

text: England

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: began

text: to

text: establish

text: colonies

text: and

text: trade

text: networks

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: Asia

text: A

text: series

text: of

text: wars

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: with

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: France

text: left

text: England

text: and

text: then

text: following

text: union

text: between

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: dominant

text: colonial

text: power

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: India

question: In which centuries was the Age of Discovery?

answer: 15th and 16th centuries

text: 15th and 16th centuries

question: Which countries pioneered European exploration of the globe?

answer: Portugal and Spain

text: Portugal and Spain

question: Which countries began colonizing because they envied the empires of Portugal and Spain?

answer: England, France, and the Netherlands

text: England, France, and the Netherlands

question: When did England become Great Britain?

answer: 1707

question: Which country combined with England to form Great Britain?

answer: Scotland

text: Scotland


text: Another work from Ancient Greece that made an early impact on botany is De Materia Medica, a five-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine written in the middle of the first century by Greek physician and pharmacologist Pedanius Dioscorides. De Materia Medica was widely read for more than 1,500 years. Important contributions from the medieval Muslim world include Ibn Wahshiyya's Nabatean Agriculture, Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī's (828–896) the Book of Plants, and Ibn Bassal's The Classification of Soils. In the early 13th century, Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, and Ibn al-Baitar (d. 1248) wrote on botany in a systematic and scientific manner.

title: Botany

title: Botany

text: Another

text: work

text: from

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: that

text: made

text: an

text: early

text: impact

text: on

text: botany

text: is

text: De

text: Materia

text: Medica

text: a

text: five

text: volume

text: encyclopedia

text: about

text: herbal

text: medicine

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: by

text: Greek

text: physician

text: and

text: pharmacologist

text: Pedanius

text: Dioscorides

text: De

text: Materia

text: Medica

text: was

text: widely

text: read

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: Important

text: contributions

text: from

text: the

text: medieval

text: Muslim

text: world

text: include

text: Ibn

text: Wahshiyya

text: 's

text: Nabatean

text: Agriculture

text: Abū

text: Ḥanīfa

text: Dīnawarī

text: 's

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Plants

text: and

text: Ibn

text: Bassal

text: 's

text: The

text: Classification

text: of

text: Soils

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Abu

text: al

text: Abbas

text: al

text: Nabati

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Baitar

text: d.

text: wrote

text: on

text: botany

text: in

text: a

text: systematic

text: and

text: scientific

text: manner

question: What is the name of an ancient Greek work impacting botany?

answer: De Materia Medica

text: De Materia Medica

question: What was the De Materia Medica written about?

answer: herbal medicine

text: herbal medicine

question: What was the profession of the man who wrote De Materia Medica?

answer: physician and pharmacologist

text: physician and pharmacologist

question: Besides the Greeks, what other culture contributed to the study of botany?

answer: medieval Muslim world

text: medieval Muslim world

question: How long a book is the De Materia Medica?

answer: five-volume

text: five-volume


text: By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census, reflecting not only changing social ideas about ethnicity, but the wide variety of immigrants who had come to reside in the United States due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s. With a changing society, more citizens have begun to press for acknowledging multiracial ancestry. The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity. Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: By

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: included

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: dozen

text: ethnic

text: racial

text: categories

text: on

text: the

text: census

text: reflecting

text: not

text: only

text: changing

text: social

text: ideas

text: about

text: ethnicity

text: but

text: the

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: immigrants

text: who

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: historical

text: forces

text: and

text: new

text: immigration

text: laws

text: in

text: the

text: With

text: a

text: changing

text: society

text: more

text: citizens

text: have

text: begun

text: to

text: press

text: for

text: acknowledging

text: multiracial

text: ancestry

text: The

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: changed

text: its

text: data

text: collection

text: by

text: allowing

text: people

text: to

text: self

text: identify

text: as

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: ethnicity

text: Some

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: concerned

text: about

text: the

text: potential

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: effects

text: as

text: federal

text: assistance

text: to

text: historically

text: underserved

text: groups

text: has

text: depended

text: on

text: Census

text: data

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: as

text: of

text: over

text: of

text: all

text: African

text: Americans

text: had

text: multiracial

text: ancestries

question: The Census Bureau had gone from two categories to how many by the 1990s?

answer: more than a dozen

text: more than a dozen

question: Why were there more immigrants in the US?

answer: due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s

text: due to changing historical forces and new immigration laws in the 1960s

question: How had the Census Bureau changed its collection of data?

answer: allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity

text: allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity

question: What is one of the many outcomes of the Census data?

answer: federal assistance

text: federal assistance

question: By 2002, what percent of African Americans had multiracial ancestries?

answer: over 75%

text: over 75%

question: How many different ethnic categories were listed on the modern census?

answer: By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census,

text: By 1990, the Census Bureau included more than a dozen ethnic/racial categories on the census,

question: Can people self identify as more than one ethnicity on the US census currently?

answer: The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity

text: The Census Bureau changed its data collection by allowing people to self-identify as more than one ethnicity

question: About how many African American have multiracial ancestries

answer: According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.

text: According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, over 75% of all African Americans had multiracial ancestries.

question: Do some ethnic groups have concerns about census changes?

answer: Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as

text: Some ethnic groups are concerned about the potential political and economic effects, as

question: How is some federal assistance allocated to certain groups?

answer: federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data

text: federal assistance to historically underserved groups has depended on Census data

question: Twelve or more categories for race and ethnicity were in the Census by when?

answer: 1990

question: When did laws allow for more immigrants?

answer: in the 1960s

text: in the 1960s

question: How many African Americans identify as multiracial on the Census of 2002?

answer: over 75%

text: over 75%

question: What type of federal assistance depends on Census data?

answer: assistance to historically underserved groups

text: assistance to historically underserved groups

question: How many ethnic/racial categories were on the census in 1980?

text: more than a dozen

question: Who had come to reside in the United States due to new immigration laws in the 1940s?

text: immigrants

question: When did the United States end the new immigration laws?

question: What percentage of white americans had multiracial ancestries?

question: What kind of federal assistance does not depend on census data?


text: Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primarily uses the term in relation to Gautama Buddha's previous existences, but has traditionally acknowledged and respected the bodhisattva path as well.[web 17]

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Bodhisattva

text: means

text: enlightenment

text: being

text: and

text: generally

text: refers

text: to

text: one

text: who

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: path

text: to

text: buddhahood

text: Traditionally

text: a

text: bodhisattva

text: is

text: anyone

text: who

text: motivated

text: by

text: great

text: compassion

text: has

text: generated

text: bodhicitta

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: spontaneous

text: wish

text: to

text: attain

text: Buddhahood

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: all

text: sentient

text: beings

text: Theravada

text: Buddhism

text: primarily

text: uses

text: the

text: term

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: previous

text: existences

text: but

text: has

text: traditionally

text: acknowledged

text: and

text: respected

text: the

text: bodhisattva

text: path

text: as

text: well.[web

question: What does Bodhisattva mean?

answer: enlightenment being

text: enlightenment being

question: What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings?

answer: bodhicitta

text: bodhicitta


text: Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Strasbourg, following the example of Kurt Eisner in Munich as well as other German towns. French troops commanded by French general Henri Gouraud entered triumphantly in the city on 22 November. A major street of the city now bears the name of that date (Rue du 22 Novembre) which celebrates the entry of the French in the city. Viewing the massive cheering crowd gathered under the balcony of Strasbourg's town hall, French President Raymond Poincaré stated that "the plebiscite is done".

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Following

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: empire

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: and

text: the

text: abdication

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Emperor

text: some

text: revolutionary

text: insurgents

text: declared

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: Republic

text: without

text: preliminary

text: referendum

text: or

text: vote

text: On

text: November

text: Armistice

text: Day

text: communist

text: insurgents

text: proclaimed

text: a

text: soviet

text: government

text: in

text: Strasbourg

text: following

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: Kurt

text: Eisner

text: in

text: Munich

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: German

text: towns

text: French

text: troops

text: commanded

text: by

text: French

text: general

text: Henri

text: Gouraud

text: entered

text: triumphantly

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: on

text: November

text: A

text: major

text: street

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: now

text: bears

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: that

text: date

text: Rue

text: du

text: Novembre

text: which

text: celebrates

text: the

text: entry

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Viewing

text: the

text: massive

text: cheering

text: crowd

text: gathered

text: under

text: the

text: balcony

text: of

text: Strasbourg

text: 's

text: town

text: hall

text: French

text: President

text: Raymond

text: Poincaré

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: plebiscite

text: is

text: done

question: In what war was the German Empire defeated?

answer: World War I

text: World War I

question: What kind of Republic did some insurgents declare Alsace-Lorraine?

answer: independent

text: independent

question: What date was Strasbourg declared a soviet government by insurgents?

answer: 11 November 1918

text: 11 November 1918

question: Who commanded the French troops on November 22?

answer: French general Henri Gouraud

text: French general Henri Gouraud

question: What French President said "the plebiscite is done"?

answer: Raymond Poincaré

text: Raymond Poincaré

question: In what year was Raymond Poincare made French President?

question: What nationality was under Soviet rule in 1918?

text: German

question: Who was made ruler of Strasburg when it was proclaimed as a "soviet government"?

text: Kurt Eisner

question: What political persuasion was French general Henri Gouraud?

text: communist

question: who was the German Emperor who abdicated?

text: Kurt Eisner