text: Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There are small groups of ethnic Greeks adhering to other Christian denominations like Greek Catholics, Greek Evangelicals, Pentecostals, and groups adhering to other religions including Romaniot and Sephardic Jews and Greek Muslims. About 2,000 Greeks are members of Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism congregations.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Most

text: Greeks

text: are

text: Christians

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: During

text: the

text: first

text: centuries

text: after

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: was

text: originally

text: written

text: in

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: which

text: remains

text: the

text: liturgical

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Christians

text: and

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: were

text: Greek

text: speaking

text: There

text: are

text: small

text: groups

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Greeks

text: adhering

text: to

text: other

text: Christian

text: denominations

text: like

text: Greek

text: Catholics

text: Greek

text: Evangelicals

text: Pentecostals

text: and

text: groups

text: adhering

text: to

text: other

text: religions

text: including

text: Romaniot

text: and

text: Sephardic

text: Jews

text: and

text: Greek

text: Muslims

text: About

text: Greeks

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: Hellenic

text: Polytheistic

text: Reconstructionism

text: congregations

question: What is the religion of the Greek majority ?

answer: Christians

text: Christians

question: What denominational variance do they adhere to for the most part ?

answer: belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church

text: belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church

question: What language was the second half of the Bible originally written in ?

answer: the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek

text: the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek

question: This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of Greece ?

answer: Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church

text: Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church

question: What other varieties of Christianity can be found among the Grecian people ?

answer: Catholics, Greek Evangelicals, Pentecostals, and groups adhering to other religions including Romaniot and Sephardic Jews and Greek Muslims.

text: Catholics, Greek Evangelicals, Pentecostals, and groups adhering to other religions including Romaniot and Sephardic Jews and Greek Muslims.

question: What is the religion of the Greek minority?

text: Christians

question: What denominational variance do they not adhere to for the most part ?

text: Greek Orthodox Church

question: What language was the second half of the Bible not written in?

text: Koine Greek

question: This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of France?

text: Koine Greek


text: Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech. Stroop compares the role of Polder Dutch with the urban variety of British English pronunciation called Estuary English.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Instead

text: he

text: argues

text: this

text: development

text: has

text: been

text: artificially

text: frozen

text: in

text: an

text: intermediate

text: state

text: by

text: the

text: standardisation

text: of

text: Dutch

text: pronunciation

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: where

text: lowered

text: diphthongs

text: found

text: in

text: rural

text: dialects

text: were

text: perceived

text: as

text: ugly

text: by

text: the

text: educated

text: classes

text: and

text: accordingly

text: declared

text: substandard

text: Now

text: however

text: in

text: his

text: opinion

text: the

text: newly

text: affluent

text: and

text: independent

text: women

text: can

text: afford

text: to

text: let

text: that

text: natural

text: development

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: their

text: speech

text: Stroop

text: compares

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Polder

text: Dutch

text: with

text: the

text: urban

text: variety

text: of

text: British

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: called

text: Estuary

text: English

question: What word did Stroop use to describe the static stage of diphthong pronunciation?

answer: "intermediate"

text: "intermediate"

question: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people?

answer: educated classes

text: educated classes

question: What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?

answer: Estuary English

text: Estuary English

question: What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century?

answer: standardisation

text: standardisation

question: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century?

answer: lowered diphthongs

text: lowered diphthongs


text: In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: In

text: the

text: abbey

text: 's

text: annual

text: income

text: of

text: needed

text: to

text: as

text: of

text: during

text: the

text: assessment

text: attendant

text: on

text: the

text: Dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Monasteries

text: rendered

text: it

text: second

text: in

text: wealth

text: only

text: to

text: Glastonbury

text: Abbey

question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800?

answer: 1535

question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?

answer: £1,310,000 to £1,530,000

text: £1,310,000 to £1,530,000

question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?

answer: Glastonbury Abbey

text: Glastonbury Abbey

question: During what was the abbey made second in wealth?

answer: the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries

text: the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries

question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2700?

question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2015?

text: £1,310,000 to £1,530,000

question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey first in wealth?

text: Glastonbury Abbey

question: During what was the abbey made third in wealth?

question: When was the abbey's annual debt £2400–2700?


text: Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agents will choose to act. If God does know this, their ostensible free will might be illusory, or foreknowledge does not imply predestination, and if God does not know it, God may not be omniscient.

title: God

title: God

text: Many

text: medieval

text: philosophers

text: developed

text: arguments

text: for

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: God

text: while

text: attempting

text: to

text: comprehend

text: the

text: precise

text: implications

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: attributes

text: Reconciling

text: some

text: of

text: those

text: attributes

text: generated

text: important

text: philosophical

text: problems

text: and

text: debates

text: For

text: example

text: God

text: 's

text: omniscience

text: may

text: seem

text: to

text: imply

text: that

text: God

text: knows

text: how

text: free

text: agents

text: will

text: choose

text: to

text: act

text: If

text: God

text: does

text: know

text: this

text: their

text: ostensible

text: free

text: will

text: might

text: be

text: illusory

text: or

text: foreknowledge

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: predestination

text: and

text: if

text: God

text: does

text: not

text: know

text: it

text: God

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: omniscient

question: What does it mean if God can't predict the future?

answer: God may not be omniscient.

text: God may not be omniscient.

question: Who posited the existence of God?

answer: medieval philosophers

text: medieval philosophers

question: What philosophical debates arose in the middle ages?

answer: God's omniscience

text: God's omniscience

question: What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined?

text: God may not be omniscient

question: Who developed arguments for God  being philosophical?

text: Many medieval philosophers

question: What did free agents attempt to comprehend about God?

question: What will happen during a debate according to God's foreknowledge?

text: free agents will choose to act

question: What were philosophical debates about among free agents?

text: God's omniscience


text: These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so on. Brubaker and Cooper note a tendency in many scholars to confuse identity as a category of practice and as a category of analysis (Brubaker & Cooper 2000, p. 5). Indeed, many scholars demonstrate a tendency to follow their own preconceptions of identity, following more or less the frameworks listed above, rather than taking into account the mechanisms by which the concept is crystallised as reality. In this environment, some analysts, such as Brubaker and Cooper, have suggested doing away with the concept completely (Brubaker & Cooper 2000, p. 1). Others, by contrast, have sought to introduce alternative concepts in an attempt to capture the dynamic and fluid qualities of human social self-expression. Hall (1992, 1996), for example, suggests treating identity as a process, to take into account the reality of diverse and ever-changing social experience. Some scholars have introduced the idea of identification, whereby identity is perceived as made up of different components that are 'identified' and interpreted by individuals. The construction of an individual sense of self is achieved by personal choices regarding who and what to associate with. Such approaches are liberating in their recognition of the role of the individual in social interaction and the construction of identity.

title: Identity_(social_science)

title: Identity_(social_science

text: These

text: different

text: explorations

text: of

text: identity

text: demonstrate

text: how

text: difficult

text: a

text: concept

text: it

text: is

text: to

text: pin

text: down

text: Since

text: identity

text: is

text: a

text: virtual

text: thing

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: to

text: define

text: it

text: empirically

text: Discussions

text: of

text: identity

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: with

text: different

text: meanings

text: from

text: fundamental

text: and

text: abiding

text: sameness

text: to

text: fluidity

text: contingency

text: negotiated

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: Brubaker

text: and

text: Cooper

text: note

text: a

text: tendency

text: in

text: many

text: scholars

text: to

text: confuse

text: identity

text: as

text: a

text: category

text: of

text: practice

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: category

text: of

text: analysis

text: Brubaker

text: Cooper

text: p.

text: Indeed

text: many

text: scholars

text: demonstrate

text: a

text: tendency

text: to

text: follow

text: their

text: own

text: preconceptions

text: of

text: identity

text: following

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: the

text: frameworks

text: listed

text: above

text: rather

text: than

text: taking

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: mechanisms

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: concept

text: is

text: crystallised

text: as

text: reality

text: In

text: this

text: environment

text: some

text: analysts

text: such

text: as

text: Brubaker

text: and

text: Cooper

text: have

text: suggested

text: doing

text: away

text: with

text: the

text: concept

text: completely

text: Brubaker

text: Cooper

text: p.

text: Others

text: by

text: contrast

text: have

text: sought

text: to

text: introduce

text: alternative

text: concepts

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: dynamic

text: and

text: fluid

text: qualities

text: of

text: human

text: social

text: self

text: expression

text: Hall

text: for

text: example

text: suggests

text: treating

text: identity

text: as

text: a

text: process

text: to

text: take

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: reality

text: of

text: diverse

text: and

text: ever

text: changing

text: social

text: experience

text: Some

text: scholars

text: have

text: introduced

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: identification

text: whereby

text: identity

text: is

text: perceived

text: as

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: different

text: components

text: that

text: are

text: identified

text: and

text: interpreted

text: by

text: individuals

text: The

text: construction

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: sense

text: of

text: self

text: is

text: achieved

text: by

text: personal

text: choices

text: regarding

text: who

text: and

text: what

text: to

text: associate

text: with

text: Such

text: approaches

text: are

text: liberating

text: in

text: their

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: in

text: social

text: interaction

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: identity

question: What is it impossible to do with identity?

answer: define it empirically

text: define it empirically

question: Many scholars confuse identity as a category of practice and what other category?

answer: category of analysis

text: category of analysis

question: What do many scholars demonstrate a tendency towards?

answer: their own preconceptions of identity

text: their own preconceptions of identity

question: Some scholars try to introduce new concepts to capture the fluid qualities of what?

answer: human social self-expression

text: human social self-expression

question: The idea that identity is made of components that are identified by individuals is what idea?

answer: the idea of identification

text: the idea of identification

question: What is it possible to do with identity?

text: define it empirically

question: What discussion has an abiding sameness

text: Discussions of identity

question: How does Cooper suggest treating identity?

question: What do some scholars say is made up of different components that are identified in interpreted by groups?

text: identity

question: The direction of what is achieved by group choice regarding who and what to associate with?

text: individual sense of self


text: In the Netherlands, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands is the highest. Its decisions, known as "arresten", are absolutely final. The court is banned from testing legislation against the constitution, pursuant to the principle of the sovereignty of the States-General; the court can, however, test legislation against some treaties. Also, the ordinary courts in the Netherlands, including the Hoge Raad, do not deal with administrative law, which is dealt with in separate administrative courts, the highest of which is the Council of State (Raad van State)

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: In

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: Its

text: decisions

text: known

text: as

text: arresten

text: are

text: absolutely

text: final

text: The

text: court

text: is

text: banned

text: from

text: testing

text: legislation

text: against

text: the

text: constitution

text: pursuant

text: to

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: States

text: General

text: the

text: court

text: can

text: however

text: test

text: legislation

text: against

text: some

text: treaties

text: Also

text: the

text: ordinary

text: courts

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: including

text: the

text: Hoge

text: Raad

text: do

text: not

text: deal

text: with

text: administrative

text: law

text: which

text: is

text: dealt

text: with

text: in

text: separate

text: administrative

text: courts

text: the

text: highest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: State

text: Raad

text: van

text: State

question: Decisions of the Dutch Supreme Court are called what?

answer: arresten

text: arresten

question: The Supreme Court of the Netherlands cannot interpret what?

answer: legislation against the constitution

text: legislation against the constitution

question: What areas of interpretative oversight does the supreme court have?

answer: legislation against some treaties

text: legislation against some treaties

question: Holland's regular court system does not handle cases related to what area of law?

answer: administrative law

text: administrative law

question: The high court for administrative law is also known as what?

answer: Council of State (Raad van State)

text: Council of State (Raad van State)

question: What is another term for the Supreme Court of the Netherlands?

text: arresten

question: What is the court banned from according to the principle of the States-General?

question: What is the term for the Council of States-General?

text: Raad van State

question: What is the name of a court that deals with administrative law?

text: Hoge Raad


text: At the end of the war, the victorious powers sought to divide up the Ottoman Empire. Signed between the Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire at Sèvres on 10 August 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres promised to maintain the existence of the Armenian republic and to attach the former territories of Ottoman Armenia to it. Because the new borders of Armenia were to be drawn by United States President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as "Wilsonian Armenia." In addition, just days prior, on 5 August 1920, Mihran Damadian of the Armenian National Union, the de facto Armenian administration in Cilicia, declared the independence of Cilicia as an Armenian autonomous republic under French protectorate.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: the

text: victorious

text: powers

text: sought

text: to

text: divide

text: up

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Signed

text: between

text: the

text: Allied

text: and

text: Associated

text: Powers

text: and

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: at

text: Sèvres

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Sèvres

text: promised

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: republic

text: and

text: to

text: attach

text: the

text: former

text: territories

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: Armenia

text: to

text: it

text: Because

text: the

text: new

text: borders

text: of

text: Armenia

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: drawn

text: by

text: United

text: States

text: President

text: Woodrow

text: Wilson

text: Ottoman

text: Armenia

text: was

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Wilsonian

text: Armenia

text: In

text: addition

text: just

text: days

text: prior

text: on

text: August

text: Mihran

text: Damadian

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: National

text: Union

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Armenian

text: administration

text: in

text: Cilicia

text: declared

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: Cilicia

text: as

text: an

text: Armenian

text: autonomous

text: republic

text: under

text: French

text: protectorate

question: When was the Treaty of Sevres signed?

answer: 10 August 1920

text: 10 August 1920

question: What is another name for Ottoman Armenia?

answer: Wilsonian Armenia

text: Wilsonian Armenia

question: Which US president specified the new Armenian borders?

answer: President Woodrow Wilson

text: President Woodrow Wilson

question: When did Cilicia declare independence?

answer: 5 August 1920

text: 5 August 1920

question: Who signed the Treaty of Sevres?

answer: Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire

text: Allied and Associated Powers and Ottoman Empire


text: Genetic studies on Ashkenazim have been conducted to determine how much of their ancestry comes from the Levant, and how much derives from European populations. These studies—researching both their paternal and maternal lineages—point to a significant prevalence of ancient Levantine origins. But they have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of their European ancestry. These diverging conclusions focus particularly on the extent of the European genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi maternal lineages.

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Genetic

text: studies

text: on

text: Ashkenazim

text: have

text: been

text: conducted

text: to

text: determine

text: how

text: much

text: of

text: their

text: ancestry

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Levant

text: and

text: how

text: much

text: derives

text: from

text: European

text: populations

text: These

text: studies

text: researching

text: both

text: their

text: paternal

text: and

text: maternal

text: lineages

text: point

text: to

text: a

text: significant

text: prevalence

text: of

text: ancient

text: Levantine

text: origins

text: But

text: they

text: have

text: arrived

text: at

text: diverging

text: conclusions

text: regarding

text: both

text: the

text: degree

text: and

text: the

text: sources

text: of

text: their

text: European

text: ancestry

text: These

text: diverging

text: conclusions

text: focus

text: particularly

text: on

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: genetic

text: origin

text: observed

text: in

text: Ashkenazi

text: maternal

text: lineages

question: Genetic studies on Ashkenazim have found a significant prevalence of what type of origins?

answer: ancient Levantine origins

text: ancient Levantine origins

question: Have studies on the genetics of the Ashkenazim come to similar or divergent conclusions regarding the degree and sources of their European ancestry?

answer: they have arrived at diverging conclusions

text: they have arrived at diverging conclusions

question: Have these studies on Ashkenazim genetics researched their paternal lineages, maternal lineages, or both?

answer: researching both their paternal and maternal lineages

text: researching both their paternal and maternal lineages

question: Genetic studies on the Ashkenazim have tried to determine how much of their ancestry is derived from European populations and from where?

answer: the Levant

text: the Levant


text: Under ordinary conditions on Earth, elemental hydrogen exists as the diatomic gas, H2. However, hydrogen gas is very rare in the Earth's atmosphere (1 ppm by volume) because of its light weight, which enables it to escape from Earth's gravity more easily than heavier gases. However, hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, mostly in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons and water. Hydrogen gas is produced by some bacteria and algae and is a natural component of flatus, as is methane, itself a hydrogen source of increasing importance.

title: Hydrogen

title: Hydrogen

text: Under

text: ordinary

text: conditions

text: on

text: Earth

text: elemental

text: hydrogen

text: exists

text: as

text: the

text: diatomic

text: gas

text: However

text: hydrogen

text: gas

text: is

text: very

text: rare

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: ppm

text: by

text: volume

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: light

text: weight

text: which

text: enables

text: it

text: to

text: escape

text: from

text: Earth

text: 's

text: gravity

text: more

text: easily

text: than

text: heavier

text: gases

text: However

text: hydrogen

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: abundant

text: element

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: such

text: as

text: hydrocarbons

text: and

text: water

text: Hydrogen

text: gas

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: some

text: bacteria

text: and

text: algae

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: natural

text: component

text: of

text: flatus

text: as

text: is

text: methane

text: itself

text: a

text: hydrogen

text: source

text: of

text: increasing

text: importance

question: How abundant is hydrogen on the earths surface?

answer: third most abundant

text: third most abundant

question: what produces hydrogen gas?

answer: bacteria and algae

text: bacteria and algae


text: A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: A

text: German

text: trading

text: company

text: the

text: Jaluit

text: Gesellschaft

text: administered

text: the

text: islands

text: from

text: until

text: They

text: conscripted

text: the

text: islanders

text: as

text: laborers

text: and

text: mistreated

text: them

text: After

text: the

text: German

text: Spanish

text: Treaty

text: of

text: in

text: which

text: Germany

text: acquired

text: the

text: Carolines

text: Palau

text: and

text: the

text: Marianas

text: from

text: Spain

text: Germany

text: placed

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: Micronesian

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Marshalls

text: under

text: the

text: governor

text: of

text: German

text: New

text: Guinea

question: What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century?

answer: the Jaluit Gesellschaft

text: the Jaluit Gesellschaft

question: When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?

answer: 1905

question: What document was signed in 1899?

answer: the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899

text: the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899

question: Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899?

answer: the Carolines

text: the Carolines

question: What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions?

answer: the governor of German New Guinea

text: the governor of German New Guinea


text: In July of 2015, a hacker group known as "The Impact Team" successfully breached the extramarital relationship website Ashley Madison. The group claimed that they had taken not only company data but user data as well. After the breach, The Impact Team dumped emails from the company's CEO, to prove their point, and threatened to dump customer data unless the website was taken down permanently. With this initial data release, the group stated “Avid Life Media has been instructed to take Ashley Madison and Established Men offline permanently in all forms, or we will release all customer records, including profiles with all the customers' secret sexual fantasies and matching credit card transactions, real names and addresses, and employee documents and emails. The other websites may stay online.”  When Avid Life Media, the parent company that created the Ashley Madison website, did not take the site offline, The Impact Group released two more compressed files, one 9.7GB and the second 20GB. After the second data dump, Avid Life Media CEO Noel Biderman resigned, but the website remained functional.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: In

text: July

text: of

text: a

text: hacker

text: group

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Impact

text: Team

text: successfully

text: breached

text: the

text: extramarital

text: relationship

text: website

text: Ashley

text: Madison

text: The

text: group

text: claimed

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: taken

text: not

text: only

text: company

text: data

text: but

text: user

text: data

text: as

text: well

text: After

text: the

text: breach

text: The

text: Impact

text: Team

text: dumped

text: emails

text: from

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: CEO

text: to

text: prove

text: their

text: point

text: and

text: threatened

text: to

text: dump

text: customer

text: data

text: unless

text: the

text: website

text: was

text: taken

text: down

text: permanently

text: With

text: this

text: initial

text: data

text: release

text: the

text: group

text: stated

text: Avid

text: Life

text: Media

text: has

text: been

text: instructed

text: to

text: take

text: Ashley

text: Madison

text: and

text: Established

text: Men

text: offline

text: permanently

text: in

text: all

text: forms

text: or

text: we

text: will

text: release

text: all

text: customer

text: records

text: including

text: profiles

text: with

text: all

text: the

text: customers

text: secret

text: sexual

text: fantasies

text: and

text: matching

text: credit

text: card

text: transactions

text: real

text: names

text: and

text: addresses

text: and

text: employee

text: documents

text: and

text: emails

text: The

text: other

text: websites

text: may

text: stay

text: online

text: When

text: Avid

text: Life

text: Media

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: that

text: created

text: the

text: Ashley

text: Madison

text: website

text: did

text: not

text: take

text: the

text: site

text: offline

text: The

text: Impact

text: Group

text: released

text: two

text: more

text: compressed

text: files

text: one

text: GB

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: GB

text: After

text: the

text: second

text: data

text: dump

text: Avid

text: Life

text: Media

text: CEO

text: Noel

text: Biderman

text: resigned

text: but

text: the

text: website

text: remained

text: functional

question: When did The Impact Team successfully breach Ashley Madison?

answer: July of 2015

text: July of 2015

question: What is the name of the parent company that created Ashley Madison?

answer: Avid Life Media

text: Avid Life Media

question: When did the Avid Life Media CEO resign?

answer: After the second data dump

text: After the second data dump

question: What was in the first data dump?

answer: emails from the company's CEO

text: emails from the company's CEO

question: What website, in addition to Ashley Madison, was Avid Media instructed to take offline?

answer: Established Men

text: Established Men

question: Why was the website to be removed?

question: How did the site remain functional after the data breach?

text: CEO Noel Biderman resigned

question: What was the response from people using the service?

question: Was the Goal of the Impact Team carried out?

text: the website remained functional

question: Were other sites compromised in addition to Ashley Madison?

question: Who was the CEO of Ashley Madison?

text: Noel Biderman

question: When was Ashley Madison taken down?

text: July of 2015

question: When was Established Man taken offline?

text: After the second data dump

question: How large was the data dump of the CEO's emails?

question: Why was the customer data dumped first?

text: to prove their point


text: Atari Games created a line of NES products under the name Tengen and took a different approach. The company attempted to reverse engineer the lockout chip to develop its own "Rabbit" chip. However, Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the United States Patent and Trademark Office by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims in a legal case. Nintendo sued Tengen for copyright infringement, which Tengen lost as it could not prove that the legally obtained patent documents had not been used by the reverse engineering team. Tengen's antitrust claims against Nintendo were never finally decided.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: Atari

text: Games

text: created

text: a

text: line

text: of

text: NES

text: products

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Tengen

text: and

text: took

text: a

text: different

text: approach

text: The

text: company

text: attempted

text: to

text: reverse

text: engineer

text: the

text: lockout

text: chip

text: to

text: develop

text: its

text: own

text: Rabbit

text: chip

text: However

text: Tengen

text: also

text: obtained

text: a

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: lockout

text: chip

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Patent

text: and

text: Trademark

text: Office

text: by

text: falsely

text: claiming

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: defend

text: against

text: present

text: infringement

text: claims

text: in

text: a

text: legal

text: case

text: Nintendo

text: sued

text: Tengen

text: for

text: copyright

text: infringement

text: which

text: Tengen

text: lost

text: as

text: it

text: could

text: not

text: prove

text: that

text: the

text: legally

text: obtained

text: patent

text: documents

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: reverse

text: engineering

text: team

text: Tengen

text: 's

text: antitrust

text: claims

text: against

text: Nintendo

text: were

text: never

text: finally

text: decided

question: Atari created NES products under which name?

answer: Tengen

text: Tengen

question: What did Nintendo sue Tengen for?

answer: copyright infringement

text: copyright infringement

question: Tengen reverse engineered the lockout chip to develop what animal monikered prototype?

answer: "Rabbit" chip

text: "Rabbit" chip

question: Tengen got a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?

answer: United States Patent and Trademark Office

text: United States Patent and Trademark Office

question: Atari created SNES products under which name?

text: Tengen

question: What didn't Nintendo sue Tengen for?

text: copyright infringement

question: Tengen reverse engineered the lockout chip to not develop what animal monikered prototype?

text: Rabbit

question: Tengen didn't get a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?


text: By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun in China, and it was growing continuously. To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's "New Policies", also known as the "Late Qing Reform". The edict paved the way for the most far-reaching reforms in terms of their social consequences, including the creation of a national education system and the abolition of the imperial examinations in 1905.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: mass

text: civil

text: disorder

text: had

text: begun

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: growing

text: continuously

text: To

text: overcome

text: such

text: problems

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Cixi

text: issued

text: an

text: imperial

text: edict

text: in

text: calling

text: for

text: reform

text: proposals

text: from

text: the

text: governors

text: general

text: and

text: governors

text: and

text: initiated

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: 's

text: New

text: Policies

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Late

text: Qing

text: Reform

text: The

text: edict

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: far

text: reaching

text: reforms

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: social

text: consequences

text: including

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: national

text: education

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: examinations

text: in

question: What did Cixi do in 1901?

answer: issued an imperial edict

text: issued an imperial edict

question: What were the governments New Policies also called?

answer: "Late Qing Reform"

text: "Late Qing Reform"

question: When were imperial examinations halted?

answer: 1905


text: The basic annelid form consists of multiple segments. Each segment has the same sets of organs and, in most polychaetes, has a pair of parapodia that many species use for locomotion. Septa separate the segments of many species, but are poorly defined or absent in others, and Echiura and Sipuncula show no obvious signs of segmentation. In species with well-developed septa, the blood circulates entirely within blood vessels, and the vessels in segments near the front ends of these species are often built up with muscles that act as hearts. The septa of such species also enable them to change the shapes of individual segments, which facilitates movement by peristalsis ("ripples" that pass along the body) or by undulations that improve the effectiveness of the parapodia. In species with incomplete septa or none, the blood circulates through the main body cavity without any kind of pump, and there is a wide range of locomotory techniques – some burrowing species turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves through the sediment.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: The

text: basic

text: annelid

text: form

text: consists

text: of

text: multiple

text: segments

text: Each

text: segment

text: has

text: the

text: same

text: sets

text: of

text: organs

text: and

text: in

text: most

text: polychaetes

text: has

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: parapodia

text: that

text: many

text: species

text: use

text: for

text: locomotion

text: Septa

text: separate

text: the

text: segments

text: of

text: many

text: species

text: but

text: are

text: poorly

text: defined

text: or

text: absent

text: in

text: others

text: and

text: Echiura

text: and

text: Sipuncula

text: show

text: no

text: obvious

text: signs

text: of

text: segmentation

text: In

text: species

text: with

text: well

text: developed

text: septa

text: the

text: blood

text: circulates

text: entirely

text: within

text: blood

text: vessels

text: and

text: the

text: vessels

text: in

text: segments

text: near

text: the

text: front

text: ends

text: of

text: these

text: species

text: are

text: often

text: built

text: up

text: with

text: muscles

text: that

text: act

text: as

text: hearts

text: The

text: septa

text: of

text: such

text: species

text: also

text: enable

text: them

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: shapes

text: of

text: individual

text: segments

text: which

text: facilitates

text: movement

text: by

text: peristalsis

text: ripples

text: that

text: pass

text: along

text: the

text: body

text: or

text: by

text: undulations

text: that

text: improve

text: the

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: the

text: parapodia

text: In

text: species

text: with

text: incomplete

text: septa

text: or

text: the

text: blood

text: circulates

text: through

text: the

text: main

text: body

text: cavity

text: without

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: pump

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: locomotory

text: techniques

text: some

text: burrowing

text: species

text: turn

text: their

text: pharynges

text: inside

text: out

text: to

text: drag

text: themselves

text: through

text: the

text: sediment

question: What separates many annelids' segments?

answer: Septa

text: Septa

question: Which annelids show no segmentation?

answer: Echiura and Sipuncula

text: Echiura and Sipuncula

question: What end of annelids with well-developed segmentation has muscles that act like hearts?

answer: front

text: front

question: What is movement by ripples called?

answer: peristalsis

text: peristalsis

question: What movement method do some burrowing annelids use?

answer: turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves

text: turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves

question: What integrates many annelids' segments?

text: Septa

question: Which annelids show only segmentation?

text: Echiura and Sipuncula

question: What end of annelids with well-developed segmentation have muscles that act like brains?

text: front

question: What is movement by ripples no longer called?

text: peristalsis

question: What movement method do some extinct annelids use?


text: Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Many police forces suffer from police corruption to a greater or lesser degree. The police force is usually a public sector service, meaning they are paid through taxes.

title: Police

title: Police

text: Law

text: enforcement

text: however

text: constitutes

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: policing

text: activity

text: Policing

text: has

text: included

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: activities

text: in

text: different

text: situations

text: but

text: the

text: predominant

text: ones

text: are

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: preservation

text: of

text: order

text: In

text: some

text: societies

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: these

text: developed

text: within

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: maintaining

text: the

text: class

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: private

text: property

text: Many

text: police

text: forces

text: suffer

text: from

text: police

text: corruption

text: to

text: a

text: greater

text: or

text: lesser

text: degree

text: The

text: police

text: force

text: is

text: usually

text: a

text: public

text: sector

text: service

text: meaning

text: they

text: are

text: paid

text: through

text: taxes

question: How are police usually paid?

answer: through taxes

text: through taxes

question: What kind of service are police?

answer: public sector

text: public sector

question: When were police used to protect the class system?

answer: late 18th and early 19th centuries

text: late 18th and early 19th centuries

question: What problem do many police forces have?

answer: corruption

text: corruption

question: How are police never paid?

text: through taxes

question: What kind of service aren't police?

text: public sector

question: When aren't police used to protect the class system?

text: late 18th and early 19th centuries

question: What asset do many police forces have?

text: corruption

question: When were police used to protect the civilian system?

text: late 18th and early 19th centuries


text: In 2014, the FAA changed a long-standing approach to air traffic control candidates that eliminated preferences based on training and experience at flight schools in favor of a personality test open to anyone irrespective of experience. The move was made to increase flight traffic controller racial diversity. Before the change, candidates who had completed coursework at participating colleges and universities could be "fast-tracked" for consideration. The agency eliminated that program and instead switched to an open system to the general public, with no need for any experience or even a college degree. Instead, applicants could take "a biographical questionnaire" that many applicants found baffling.

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

title: Federal_Aviation_Administration

text: In

text: the

text: FAA

text: changed

text: a

text: long

text: standing

text: approach

text: to

text: air

text: traffic

text: control

text: candidates

text: that

text: eliminated

text: preferences

text: based

text: on

text: training

text: and

text: experience

text: at

text: flight

text: schools

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: personality

text: test

text: open

text: to

text: anyone

text: irrespective

text: of

text: experience

text: The

text: move

text: was

text: made

text: to

text: increase

text: flight

text: traffic

text: controller

text: racial

text: diversity

text: Before

text: the

text: change

text: candidates

text: who

text: had

text: completed

text: coursework

text: at

text: participating

text: colleges

text: and

text: universities

text: could

text: be

text: fast

text: tracked

text: for

text: consideration

text: The

text: agency

text: eliminated

text: that

text: program

text: and

text: instead

text: switched

text: to

text: an

text: open

text: system

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: with

text: no

text: need

text: for

text: any

text: experience

text: or

text: even

text: a

text: college

text: degree

text: Instead

text: applicants

text: could

text: take

text: a

text: biographical

text: questionnaire

text: that

text: many

text: applicants

text: found

text: baffling

question: When did the FAA change it's long-standing approach to air traffic control candidates?

answer: 2014

question: What was now favored instead of training and experince at flight schools?

answer: personality test

text: personality test

question: Who could be an air traffic controller irrespective of experience now because of the rule change?

answer: anyone

text: anyone

question: What did applicants now take that many of them found baffling?

answer: biographical questionnaire

text: biographical questionnaire

question: What kind of degree do you need to be considered?

text: college

question: When did the agency switch to a system where people could be "fast-tracked" for consideration?

question: How did applicants find the biological questionnaire?

text: baffling

question: Who switched to an open system for candidates who completed the coursework at participating colleges?

text: agency


text: On 7 July 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc. The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on 14 July 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit). With the first real-time software MP3 player WinPlay3 (released 9 September 1995) many people were able to encode and play back MP3 files on their PCs. Because of the relatively small hard drives back in that time (~ 500–1000 MB) lossy compression was essential to store non-instrument based (see tracker and MIDI) music for playback on computer.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: On

text: July

text: the

text: Fraunhofer

text: Society

text: released

text: the

text: first

text: software

text: encoder

text: called

text: The

text: filename

text: extension

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: Fraunhofer

text: team

text: on

text: July

text: previously

text: the

text: files

text: had

text: been

text: named

text: .bit

text: With

text: the

text: first

text: real

text: time

text: software

text: player

text: released

text: September

text: many

text: people

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: encode

text: and

text: play

text: back

text: files

text: on

text: their

text: PCs

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: relatively

text: small

text: hard

text: drives

text: back

text: in

text: that

text: time

text: MB

text: lossy

text: compression

text: was

text: essential

text: to

text: store

text: non

text: instrument

text: based

text: see

text: tracker

text: and

text: MIDI

text: music

text: for

text: playback

text: on

text: computer

question: When was the first software MP3 encoder released?

answer: 7 July 1994

text: 7 July 1994

question: What was the name of the first software MP3 encoder?

answer: l3enc

question: What was the filename extension?

answer: .mp3

question: What was the name of the first real-time software MP3 player?

answer: WinPlay3

question: What was the average high end hard drive size?

answer: 1000 MB

text: 1000 MB


text: In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum for new legislation temporarily flagged under extended debate, a new tragedy emerged that underscored the need for more comprehensive regulation and provided the driving force for the passage of new laws.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: a

text: push

text: for

text: revisions

text: of

text: the

text: FD&C

text: Act

text: emerged

text: from

text: Congressional

text: hearings

text: led

text: by

text: Senator

text: Estes

text: Kefauver

text: of

text: Tennessee

text: in

text: The

text: hearings

text: covered

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: policy

text: issues

text: including

text: advertising

text: abuses

text: questionable

text: efficacy

text: of

text: drugs

text: and

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: greater

text: regulation

text: of

text: the

text: industry

text: While

text: momentum

text: for

text: new

text: legislation

text: temporarily

text: flagged

text: under

text: extended

text: debate

text: a

text: new

text: tragedy

text: emerged

text: that

text: underscored

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: more

text: comprehensive

text: regulation

text: and

text: provided

text: the

text: driving

text: force

text: for

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: new

text: laws

question: Who led the congressional hearings?

answer: Senator Estes Kefauver

text: Senator Estes Kefauver

question: What act needed provisions?

answer: FD&C

text: FD&C

question: What were the major issues that needed to be addressed?

answer: advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry

text: advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry

question: What caused a need for more regulation?

answer: a new tragedy emerged

text: a new tragedy emerged

question: When did this push occur?

answer: 1959

question: Congressional hearings emerged addressing revisions to what act?

answer: FD&C

text: FD&C

question: Who led the Congressional hearings in 1959?

answer: Senator Estes Kefauver

text: Senator Estes Kefauver

question: Did the US Congress call for more or less regulation of pharmaceuticals?

answer: greater

text: greater

question: Who led the congressional passages?

text: Senator Estes Kefauver

question: What congress needed provisions?

text: FD&C

question: What were the major issues that needed to be revised?

question: What caused a need for more industry?

text: a new tragedy emerged

question: When did questionable efficacy occur?


text: The Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the Red Book CD-DA standard was published in 1980. After their commercial release in 1982, compact discs and their players were extremely popular. Despite costing up to $1,000, over 400,000 CD players were sold in the United States between 1983 and 1984. The success of the compact disc has been credited to the cooperation between Philips and Sony, who came together to agree upon and develop compatible hardware. The unified design of the compact disc allowed consumers to purchase any disc or player from any company, and allowed the CD to dominate the at-home music market unchallenged.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: The

text: Compact

text: Disc

text: is

text: an

text: evolution

text: of

text: LaserDisc

text: technology

text: where

text: a

text: focused

text: laser

text: beam

text: is

text: used

text: that

text: enables

text: the

text: high

text: information

text: density

text: required

text: for

text: high

text: quality

text: digital

text: audio

text: signals

text: Prototypes

text: were

text: developed

text: by

text: Philips

text: and

text: Sony

text: independently

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: In

text: Sony

text: and

text: Philips

text: set

text: up

text: a

text: joint

text: task

text: force

text: of

text: engineers

text: to

text: design

text: a

text: new

text: digital

text: audio

text: disc

text: After

text: a

text: year

text: of

text: experimentation

text: and

text: discussion

text: the

text: Red

text: Book

text: CD

text: DA

text: standard

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: After

text: their

text: commercial

text: release

text: in

text: compact

text: discs

text: and

text: their

text: players

text: were

text: extremely

text: popular

text: Despite

text: costing

text: up

text: to

text: over

text: CD

text: players

text: were

text: sold

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: compact

text: disc

text: has

text: been

text: credited

text: to

text: the

text: cooperation

text: between

text: Philips

text: and

text: Sony

text: who

text: came

text: together

text: to

text: agree

text: upon

text: and

text: develop

text: compatible

text: hardware

text: The

text: unified

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: compact

text: disc

text: allowed

text: consumers

text: to

text: purchase

text: any

text: disc

text: or

text: player

text: from

text: any

text: company

text: and

text: allowed

text: the

text: CD

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: at

text: home

text: music

text: market

text: unchallenged

question: Who created Compact Disc prototypes in the 1970s?

answer: Philips and Sony

text: Philips and Sony

question: How lond did the creation of Red Book CD-DA standard take?

answer: a year

text: a year

question: How many CD players were sold in the United States in their first year?

answer: 400,000

question: What did the CD evolve from?

answer: LaserDisc

text: LaserDisc

question: What made it possible for CDs to be played on any companies CD player?

answer: unified design

text: unified design

question: To what does the compact disc owe its prosperity?

answer: cooperation between Philips and Sony

text: cooperation between Philips and Sony

question: What year did CD players become available for purchase?

answer: 1982

question: Which company created the CD first?

text: Philips

question: How many CD players sold in 1984?

question: What year was the LaserDisc created?

text: late 1970s

question: How long was the Red Book CD-DA in print?

text: between 1983 and 1984

question: How were customers disadvantaged by the Philips and Sony merger?


text: Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Munamägi in the southeast at 318 metres (1,043 ft). There is 3,794 kilometres (2,357 mi) of coastline marked by numerous bays, straits, and inlets. The number of islands and islets is estimated at some 2,355 (including those in lakes). Two of them are large enough to constitute separate counties: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. A small, recent cluster of meteorite craters, the largest of which is called Kaali is found on Saaremaa, Estonia.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: Estonia

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: immediately

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: from

text: Finland

text: on

text: the

text: level

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: rising

text: East

text: European

text: platform

text: between

text: and

text: N

text: and

text: and

text: E.

text: Average

text: elevation

text: reaches

text: only

text: metres

text: ft

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: highest

text: point

text: is

text: the

text: Suur

text: Munamägi

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: at

text: metres

text: ft

text: There

text: is

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: of

text: coastline

text: marked

text: by

text: numerous

text: bays

text: straits

text: and

text: inlets

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: islands

text: and

text: islets

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: some

text: including

text: those

text: in

text: lakes

text: Two

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: large

text: enough

text: to

text: constitute

text: separate

text: counties

text: Saaremaa

text: and

text: Hiiumaa

text: A

text: small

text: recent

text: cluster

text: of

text: meteorite

text: craters

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: called

text: Kaali

text: is

text: found

text: on

text: Saaremaa

text: Estonia

question: What body of water borders Estonia?

answer: the Baltic Sea

text: the Baltic Sea

question: What is the average elevation of Estonia?

answer: 50 metres (164 ft)

text: 50 metres (164 ft)

question: What is Estonia's highest mountain point?

answer: the Suur Munamägi

text: the Suur Munamägi

question: How tall is the the Suur Munamägi?

answer: 318 metres (1,043 ft)

text: 318 metres (1,043 ft)


text: Prior to the rally, seven anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi after unfurling a banner and shouting "Boycott the Beijing Olympics" through a loudhailer at a market. A Vietnamese American was deported for planning protests against the torch, while a prominent blogger, Điếu Cày (real name Nguyễn Văn Hải), who blogged about protests around the world and who called for demonstrations in Vietnam, was arrested on charges of tax evasion. Outside Vietnam, there were protests by overseas Vietnamese in Paris, San Francisco and Canberra. Lê Minh Phiếu, a torchbearer who is a Vietnamese law student studying in France, wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics", citing maps of the torch relay at the official Beijing Olympic website depicting the disputed islands as Chinese territory and posted it on his blog. One day before the relay was to start, the official website appeared to have been updated to remove the disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims in the South China Sea.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: rally

text: seven

text: anti

text: China

text: protestors

text: were

text: arrested

text: in

text: Hanoi

text: after

text: unfurling

text: a

text: banner

text: and

text: shouting

text: Boycott

text: the

text: Beijing

text: Olympics

text: through

text: a

text: loudhailer

text: at

text: a

text: market

text: A

text: Vietnamese

text: American

text: was

text: deported

text: for

text: planning

text: protests

text: against

text: the

text: torch

text: while

text: a

text: prominent

text: blogger

text: Điếu

text: Cày

text: real

text: name

text: Nguyễn

text: Văn

text: Hải

text: who

text: blogged

text: about

text: protests

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: who

text: called

text: for

text: demonstrations

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: arrested

text: on

text: charges

text: of

text: tax

text: evasion

text: Outside

text: Vietnam

text: there

text: were

text: protests

text: by

text: overseas

text: Vietnamese

text: in

text: Paris

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: Canberra

text: Lê

text: Minh

text: Phiếu

text: a

text: torchbearer

text: who

text: is

text: a

text: Vietnamese

text: law

text: student

text: studying

text: in

text: France

text: wrote

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: protesting

text: China

text: 's

text: politicisation

text: of

text: the

text: Olympics

text: citing

text: maps

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: at

text: the

text: official

text: Beijing

text: Olympic

text: website

text: depicting

text: the

text: disputed

text: islands

text: as

text: Chinese

text: territory

text: and

text: posted

text: it

text: on

text: his

text: blog

text: One

text: day

text: before

text: the

text: relay

text: was

text: to

text: start

text: the

text: official

text: website

text: appeared

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: updated

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: disputed

text: islands

text: and

text: dotted

text: lines

text: marking

text: China

text: 's

text: maritime

text: claims

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

question: How many people protesting China were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: Which blogger calling for demonstrations was arrested for tax evasion?

answer: Điếu Cày

text: Điếu Cày

question: Which torchbearer sent a letter of protest to the president of the International Olympic Committee?

answer: Lê Minh Phiếu

text: Lê Minh Phiếu

question: How many protesters were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: What is blogger Điếu Cày's real name?

answer: Nguyễn Văn Hải

text: Nguyễn Văn Hải

question: Though he urged for demonstrations in Vietnam, Nguyễn Văn Hải was charged with what crime?

answer: tax evasion.

text: tax evasion.

question: What is the name of the torchbearer who wrote a letter to the IOC president about discrepancies on a website?

answer: Lê Minh Phiếu

text: Lê Minh Phiếu

question: What was removed from the website that Lê Minh Phiếu had written about?

answer: disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims

text: disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims


text: Seminary Row is named for the Union Theological Seminary and the Jewish Theological Seminary which it touches. Seminary Row also runs by the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, Sakura Park, Grant's Tomb, and Morningside Park.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Seminary

text: Row

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: Union

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: and

text: the

text: Jewish

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: which

text: it

text: touches

text: Seminary

text: Row

text: also

text: runs

text: by

text: the

text: Manhattan

text: School

text: of

text: Music

text: Riverside

text: Church

text: Sakura

text: Park

text: Grant

text: 's

text: Tomb

text: and

text: Morningside

text: Park

question: Besides the Union Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?

answer: Jewish Theological

text: Jewish Theological

question: Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?

answer: Union Theological

text: Union Theological

question: Which road runs by two Seminaries, the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, and Grant's Tomb?

answer: Seminary Row

text: Seminary Row


text: In 1989, Linda Ronstadt released Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind, described by critics as "the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade", featuring American soul singer Aaron Neville on several of the twelve tracks. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the United States alone and became a major success throughout the globe. The Grammy Award-winning singles, "Don't Know Much" and "All My Life", were both long-running #1 Adult Contemporary hits. Several additional singles from the disc made the AC Top 10 as well. The album won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: In

text: Linda

text: Ronstadt

text: released

text: Cry

text: Like

text: a

text: Rainstorm

text: Howl

text: Like

text: the

text: Wind

text: described

text: by

text: critics

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: true

text: Adult

text: Contemporary

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: featuring

text: American

text: soul

text: singer

text: Aaron

text: Neville

text: on

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: twelve

text: tracks

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: certified

text: Triple

text: Platinum

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: alone

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: success

text: throughout

text: the

text: globe

text: The

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: winning

text: singles

text: Do

text: n't

text: Know

text: Much

text: and

text: All

text: My

text: Life

text: were

text: both

text: long

text: running

text: Adult

text: Contemporary

text: hits

text: Several

text: additional

text: singles

text: from

text: the

text: disc

text: made

text: the

text: AC

text: Top

text: as

text: well

text: The

text: album

text: won

text: over

text: many

text: critics

text: in

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: define

text: AC

text: and

text: appeared

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: tolerance

text: and

text: acceptance

text: of

text: AC

text: music

text: into

text: mainstream

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: radio

text: play

question: What artist issued the album known as "the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade"?

answer: Linda Ronstadt

text: Linda Ronstadt

question: In what year was the album Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind released?

answer: 1989

question: What male singer featured on several songs from Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind?

answer: Aaron Neville

text: Aaron Neville

question: What certification did Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind receive?

answer: Triple Platinum

text: Triple Platinum

question: Along with "Don't Know Much," what single won a Grammy?

answer: "All My Life"

text: "All My Life"


text: According to Sadat, it was only when the Israelis cut off the Egyptian garrison at Sharm el-Sheikh that Nasser became aware of the situation's gravity. After hearing of the attack, he rushed to army headquarters to inquire about the military situation. The simmering conflict between Nasser and Amer subsequently came to the fore, and officers present reported the pair burst into "a nonstop shouting match". The Supreme Executive Committee, set up by Nasser to oversee the conduct of the war, attributed the repeated Egyptian defeats to the Nasser–Amer rivalry and Amer's overall incompetence. According to Egyptian diplomat Ismail Fahmi, who became foreign minister during Sadat's presidency, the Israeli invasion and Egypt's consequent defeat was a result of Nasser's dismissal of all rational analysis of the situation and his undertaking of a series of irrational decisions.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: According

text: to

text: Sadat

text: it

text: was

text: only

text: when

text: the

text: Israelis

text: cut

text: off

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: garrison

text: at

text: Sharm

text: el

text: Sheikh

text: that

text: Nasser

text: became

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: 's

text: gravity

text: After

text: hearing

text: of

text: the

text: attack

text: he

text: rushed

text: to

text: army

text: headquarters

text: to

text: inquire

text: about

text: the

text: military

text: situation

text: The

text: simmering

text: conflict

text: between

text: Nasser

text: and

text: Amer

text: subsequently

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: fore

text: and

text: officers

text: present

text: reported

text: the

text: pair

text: burst

text: into

text: a

text: nonstop

text: shouting

text: match

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Executive

text: Committee

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: Nasser

text: to

text: oversee

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: attributed

text: the

text: repeated

text: Egyptian

text: defeats

text: to

text: the

text: Nasser

text: Amer

text: rivalry

text: and

text: Amer

text: 's

text: overall

text: incompetence

text: According

text: to

text: Egyptian

text: diplomat

text: Ismail

text: Fahmi

text: who

text: became

text: foreign

text: minister

text: during

text: Sadat

text: 's

text: presidency

text: the

text: Israeli

text: invasion

text: and

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: consequent

text: defeat

text: was

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: dismissal

text: of

text: all

text: rational

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: situation

text: and

text: his

text: undertaking

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: irrational

text: decisions

question: What defeat opened Nasser's eyes to the desperation of Egypt's situation?

answer: Sharm el-Sheikh

text: Sharm el-Sheikh

question: What two Egyptian leaders personal conflicts played a large part in Egypt's poor showing  in the war?

answer: Nasser–Amer

text: Nasser–Amer

question: What did Nasser dismiss during the war?

answer: rational analysis

text: rational analysis


text: Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a coup in 1991 led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state.

title: Mali

title: Mali

text: Present

text: day

text: Mali

text: was

text: once

text: part

text: of

text: three

text: West

text: African

text: empires

text: that

text: controlled

text: trans

text: Saharan

text: trade

text: the

text: Ghana

text: Empire

text: the

text: Mali

text: Empire

text: for

text: which

text: Mali

text: is

text: named

text: and

text: the

text: Songhai

text: Empire

text: During

text: its

text: golden

text: age

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: flourishing

text: of

text: mathematics

text: astronomy

text: literature

text: and

text: art

text: At

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: Mali

text: Empire

text: covered

text: an

text: area

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: and

text: stretched

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Africa

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: during

text: the

text: Scramble

text: for

text: Africa

text: France

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: Mali

text: making

text: it

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: French

text: Sudan

text: French

text: Sudan

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Republic

text: joined

text: with

text: Senegal

text: in

text: achieving

text: independence

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Mali

text: Federation

text: Shortly

text: thereafter

text: following

text: Senegal

text: 's

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: the

text: federation

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Republic

text: declared

text: itself

text: the

text: independent

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mali

text: After

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: one

text: party

text: rule

text: a

text: coup

text: in

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: writing

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: constitution

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Mali

text: as

text: a

text: democratic

text: multi

text: party

text: state

question: In the latter part of the 19th century what country took control of Mali?

answer: France seized control of Mali

text: France seized control of Mali

question: What year did Mali gain independence as the Mali Federation?

answer: 1960

question: Along with a new constitution, Mali became what type of state in 1991?

answer: Mali as a democratic, multi-party state

text: Mali as a democratic, multi-party state

question: Mali was once part of how many West African empires?

answer: three

text: three

question: What was the name of the Empire that the country is now named after?

answer: Mali Empire (for which Mali is named)

text: Mali Empire (for which Mali is named)

question: What empire is present day Mali part of?

text: the Mali Empire

question: What country took control of Mali in the 1900s?

text: France

question: What was at its peak in the thirteenth century?

text: the Mali Empire

question: Who joined with Senegal in 1960?

text: French Sudan

question: Who won its independence in 1959?

text: the Mali Federation


text: Life in the Roman Republic revolved around the city of Rome, and its famed seven hills. The city also had several theatres, gymnasiums, and many taverns, baths and brothels. Throughout the territory under Rome's control, residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the capital city of Rome, to the residences on the elegant Palatine Hill, from which the word "palace" is derived. The vast majority of the population lived in the city center, packed into apartment blocks.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Life

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: revolved

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: its

text: famed

text: seven

text: hills

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: had

text: several

text: theatres

text: gymnasiums

text: and

text: many

text: taverns

text: baths

text: and

text: brothels

text: Throughout

text: the

text: territory

text: under

text: Rome

text: 's

text: control

text: residential

text: architecture

text: ranged

text: from

text: very

text: modest

text: houses

text: to

text: country

text: villas

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: to

text: the

text: residences

text: on

text: the

text: elegant

text: Palatine

text: Hill

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: word

text: palace

text: is

text: derived

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: center

text: packed

text: into

text: apartment

text: blocks.[citation

text: needed

question: Where did the bulk of the cities populace live?

answer: the city center

text: the city center

question: What type of housing could be located in the city center?

answer: apartment blocks

text: apartment blocks

question: From what local area in Rome is the word palace borrowed from?

answer: Palatine Hill

text: Palatine Hill

question: How many areas in Rome could be called hills?

answer: seven

text: seven


text: State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions; the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. Currently the State Senate is waiting to vote on a change to the state's motto. The House passed HCR 1024, which will change the state motto from "Labor Omnia Vincit" to "Oklahoma-In God We Trust!" The author of the resolution stated that a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: State

text: law

text: codifies

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: state

text: emblems

text: and

text: honorary

text: positions

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Senate

text: or

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: may

text: adopt

text: resolutions

text: designating

text: others

text: for

text: special

text: events

text: and

text: to

text: benefit

text: organizations

text: Currently

text: the

text: State

text: Senate

text: is

text: waiting

text: to

text: vote

text: on

text: a

text: change

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: motto

text: The

text: House

text: passed

text: HCR

text: which

text: will

text: change

text: the

text: state

text: motto

text: from

text: Labor

text: Omnia

text: Vincit

text: to

text: Oklahoma

text: In

text: God

text: We

text: Trust

text: The

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: resolution

text: stated

text: that

text: a

text: constituent

text: researched

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Constitution

text: and

text: found

text: no

text: official

text: vote

text: regarding

text: Labor

text: Omnia

text: Vincit

text: therefore

text: opening

text: the

text: door

text: for

text: an

text: entirely

text: new

text: motto

question: What state House bill would change Oklahoma's motto to 'Oklahoma - In God We Trust'?

answer: HCR 1024

text: HCR 1024

question: What was Oklahoma's state motto, before the state House bill might change it?

answer: Labor Omnia Vincit

text: Labor Omnia Vincit

question: Why did the state House think they could change Oklahoma's motto?

answer: no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit"

text: no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit"


text: A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (475–518), a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang. The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: sculptural

text: ensembles

text: of

text: that

text: era

text: erected

text: at

text: the

text: tombs

text: of

text: royals

text: and

text: other

text: dignitaries

text: have

text: survived

text: in

text: various

text: degrees

text: of

text: preservation

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: 's

text: northeastern

text: and

text: eastern

text: suburbs

text: primarily

text: in

text: Qixia

text: and

text: Jiangning

text: District

text: Possibly

text: the

text: best

text: preserved

text: of

text: them

text: is

text: the

text: ensemble

text: of

text: the

text: Tomb

text: of

text: Xiao

text: Xiu

text: a

text: brother

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Wu

text: of

text: Liang

text: The

text: period

text: of

text: division

text: ended

text: when

text: the

text: Sui

text: Dynasty

text: reunified

text: China

text: and

text: almost

text: destroyed

text: the

text: entire

text: city

text: turning

text: it

text: into

text: a

text: small

text: town

question: What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?

answer: A number of sculptural ensembles

text: A number of sculptural ensembles

question: In what district are these sculptural pieces located?

answer: Qixia and Jiangning District

text: Qixia and Jiangning District

question: Which piece is the best, in terms of preservation condition?

answer: the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu

text: the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu

question: Who was Xiao Xiu?

answer: a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang

text: a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang

question: When did Xiao Xiu live?

answer: 475–518


text: The cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break from housework. Some people even told government surveyors that they enjoyed air raids if they occurred occasionally, perhaps once a week. Despite the attacks, defeat in Norway and France, and the threat of invasion, overall morale remained high; a Gallup poll found only 3% of Britons expected to lose the war in May 1940, another found an 88% approval rating for Churchill in July, and a third found 89% support for his leadership in October. Support for peace negotiations declined from 29% in February. Each setback caused more civilians to volunteer to become unpaid Local Defence Volunteers, workers worked longer shifts and over weekends, contributions rose to the £5,000 "Spitfire Funds" to build fighters, and the number of work days lost to strikes in 1940 was the lowest in history.:60–63,67–68,75,78–79,215–216

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: cheerful

text: crowds

text: visiting

text: bomb

text: sites

text: were

text: so

text: large

text: they

text: interfered

text: with

text: rescue

text: work

text: pub

text: visits

text: increased

text: in

text: number

text: beer

text: was

text: never

text: rationed

text: and

text: attended

text: cricket

text: at

text: Lord

text: 's

text: People

text: left

text: shelters

text: when

text: told

text: instead

text: of

text: refusing

text: to

text: leave

text: although

text: many

text: housewives

text: reportedly

text: enjoyed

text: the

text: break

text: from

text: housework

text: Some

text: people

text: even

text: told

text: government

text: surveyors

text: that

text: they

text: enjoyed

text: air

text: raids

text: if

text: they

text: occurred

text: occasionally

text: perhaps

text: once

text: a

text: week

text: Despite

text: the

text: attacks

text: defeat

text: in

text: Norway

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: threat

text: of

text: invasion

text: overall

text: morale

text: remained

text: high

text: a

text: Gallup

text: poll

text: found

text: only

text: of

text: Britons

text: expected

text: to

text: lose

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: May

text: another

text: found

text: an

text: approval

text: rating

text: for

text: Churchill

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: a

text: third

text: found

text: support

text: for

text: his

text: leadership

text: in

text: October

text: Support

text: for

text: peace

text: negotiations

text: declined

text: from

text: in

text: February

text: Each

text: setback

text: caused

text: more

text: civilians

text: to

text: volunteer

text: to

text: become

text: unpaid

text: Local

text: Defence

text: Volunteers

text: workers

text: worked

text: longer

text: shifts

text: and

text: over

text: weekends

text: contributions

text: rose

text: to

text: the

text: Spitfire

text: Funds

text: to

text: build

text: fighters

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: work

text: days

text: lost

text: to

text: strikes

text: in

text: was

text: the

text: lowest

text: in

question: What drink was never rationed?

answer: beer

text: beer

question: How many people attended cricket at Lord's?

answer: 13,000

question: What percent of Briton's expected to lose the war?

answer: 3%

question: What was Churchill's highest rating?

answer: 89%

question: What were Spitfire Funds used for?

answer: to build fighters

text: to build fighters


text: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade.

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

title: Order_of_the_British_Empire

text: Any

text: individual

text: made

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: for

text: gallantry

text: could

text: wear

text: an

text: emblem

text: of

text: two

text: crossed

text: silver

text: oak

text: leaves

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: riband

text: ribbon

text: or

text: bow

text: as

text: the

text: badge

text: It

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: awarded

text: posthumously

text: and

text: was

text: effectively

text: replaced

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Gallantry

text: Medal

text: If

text: recipients

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: for

text: Gallantry

text: received

text: promotion

text: within

text: the

text: Order

text: whether

text: for

text: gallantry

text: or

text: otherwise

text: they

text: continued

text: to

text: wear

text: also

text: the

text: insignia

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: grade

text: with

text: the

text: oak

text: leaves

text: However

text: they

text: only

text: used

text: the

text: post

text: nominal

text: letters

text: of

text: the

text: higher

text: grade

question: Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves?

answer: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry

text: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry

question: What was the emblem?

answer: two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge

text: two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge

question: What year was it replaced?

answer: 1974

question: What kind of medal was replaced in 1974?

answer: Queen's Gallantry Medal

text: Queen's Gallantry Medal

question: They continued to wear what the insignia of what?

answer: lower grade with the oak leaves

text: lower grade with the oak leaves


text: The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

title: Charleston,_South_Carolina

text: The

text: traditional

text: parish

text: system

text: persisted

text: until

text: the

text: Reconstruction

text: Era

text: when

text: counties

text: were

text: imposed.[citation

text: needed

text: Nevertheless

text: traditional

text: parishes

text: still

text: exist

text: in

text: various

text: capacities

text: mainly

text: as

text: public

text: service

text: districts

text: When

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Charleston

text: was

text: formed

text: it

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: limits

text: of

text: the

text: Parish

text: of

text: St.

text: Philip

text: and

text: St.

text: Michael

text: now

text: also

text: includes

text: parts

text: of

text: St.

text: James

text: Parish

text: St.

text: George

text: 's

text: Parish

text: St.

text: Andrew

text: 's

text: Parish

text: and

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: Parish

text: although

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: are

text: mostly

text: still

text: incorporated

text: rural

text: parishes

question: What era brought counties to South Carolina?

answer: Reconstruction Era

text: Reconstruction Era

question: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?

answer: traditional parish system

text: traditional parish system

question: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?

answer: public service districts

text: public service districts

question: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?

answer: Parish of St. Philip

text: Parish of St. Philip

question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish?

answer: St. Andrew's Parish

text: St. Andrew's Parish

question: What era brought counties to North Carolina?

text: Reconstruction Era

question: Counties replaced what system in North Carolina?

text: traditional parish system

question: What isn't the main use of the parish system nowadays?

text: public service districts

question: The city of Charleston isn't defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?

text: Parish of St. Philip

question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is mostly an incorporated urban parish?

text: St. Andrew's Parish


text: The existence of a "global carrying capacity", limiting the amount of life that can live at once, is debated, as is the question of whether such a limit would also cap the number of species. While records of life in the sea shows a logistic pattern of growth, life on land (insects, plants and tetrapods)shows an exponential rise in diversity. As one author states, "Tetrapods have not yet invaded 64 per cent of potentially habitable modes, and it could be that without human influence the ecological and taxonomic diversity of tetrapods would continue to increase in an exponential fashion until most or all of the available ecospace is filled."

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: The

text: existence

text: of

text: a

text: global

text: carrying

text: capacity

text: limiting

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: life

text: that

text: can

text: live

text: at

text: once

text: is

text: debated

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: whether

text: such

text: a

text: limit

text: would

text: also

text: cap

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: While

text: records

text: of

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: shows

text: a

text: logistic

text: pattern

text: of

text: growth

text: life

text: on

text: land

text: insects

text: plants

text: and

text: tetrapods)shows

text: an

text: exponential

text: rise

text: in

text: diversity

text: As

text: one

text: author

text: states

text: Tetrapods

text: have

text: not

text: yet

text: invaded

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: potentially

text: habitable

text: modes

text: and

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: that

text: without

text: human

text: influence

text: the

text: ecological

text: and

text: taxonomic

text: diversity

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: would

text: continue

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: an

text: exponential

text: fashion

text: until

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: available

text: ecospace

text: is

text: filled

question: What limits the amount of life that can live at once on Earth?

answer: global carrying capacity

text: global carrying capacity

question: What type of animal shows a logistic pattern of growth?

answer: life in the sea

text: life in the sea

question: What type of animal shows an exponential rise in diversity?

answer: life on land

text: life on land

question: What percentage of potentially habitable modes have Tetrapods not yet invaded?

answer: 64 per cent

text: 64 per cent

question: What limits the amount of habitable modes on Earth?

text: global carrying capacity

question: What type of animal shows a logistic pattern of diversity?

text: life in the sea

question: What type of animal shows an exponential pattern of growth?

text: life on land

question: What percentage potentially habitable modes has life in the sea not yet invaded?

text: 64 per cent

question: Without whose influence would sea growth increase?

text: human


text: As of 2010[update], 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217) African languages, 0.56% (7,933) Cambodian (Mon-Khmer), and Italian was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: As

text: of

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: residents

text: age

text: and

text: older

text: spoke

text: English

text: at

text: home

text: as

text: a

text: primary

text: language

text: while

text: spoke

text: Spanish

text: Chinese

text: Vietnamese

text: Russian

text: French

text: other

text: Asian

text: languages

text: African

text: languages

text: Cambodian

text: Mon

text: Khmer

text: and

text: Italian

text: was

text: spoken

text: as

text: a

text: main

text: language

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: five

text: In

text: total

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: population

text: age

text: and

text: older

text: spoke

text: a

text: mother

text: language

text: other

text: than

text: English

question: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak English?

answer: 79.12%

question: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak Spanish?

answer: 9.72%

question: What is the total over 5's that speak another language than English?

answer: 20.88%


text: The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and operated canteens, salvage and recycling schemes. By the end of 1941, the WVS had one million members. Prior to the outbreak of war, civilians were issued with 50 million respirators (gas masks). These were issued in the event of bombing taking place with gas before evacuation.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: WVS

text: Women

text: 's

text: Voluntary

text: Services

text: for

text: Civil

text: Defence

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: under

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: Samuel

text: Hoare

text: Home

text: Secretary

text: in

text: specifically

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: air

text: raids

text: Hoare

text: considered

text: it

text: the

text: female

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: ARP

text: They

text: organised

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: children

text: established

text: centres

text: for

text: those

text: displaced

text: by

text: bombing

text: and

text: operated

text: canteens

text: salvage

text: and

text: recycling

text: schemes

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: WVS

text: had

text: one

text: million

text: members

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: war

text: civilians

text: were

text: issued

text: with

text: million

text: respirators

text: gas

text: masks

text: These

text: were

text: issued

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: bombing

text: taking

text: place

text: with

text: gas

text: before

text: evacuation

question: What group did Samuel Hoare set up in 1938?

answer: Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence

text: Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence

question: Who was Home Secretary in 1938?

answer: Samuel Hoare

text: Samuel Hoare

question: How many members did the WVS have at the end of 1941?

answer: one million

text: one million

question: How many gas mask were issued before the war?

answer: 50 million

text: 50 million