text: The Premier League sells its television rights on a collective basis. This is in contrast to some other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs. The money is divided into three parts: half is divided equally between the clubs; one quarter is awarded on a merit basis based on final league position, the top club getting twenty times as much as the bottom club, and equal steps all the way down the table; the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this. The income from overseas rights is divided equally between the twenty clubs.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: Premier

text: League

text: sells

text: its

text: television

text: rights

text: on

text: a

text: collective

text: basis

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: some

text: other

text: European

text: Leagues

text: including

text: La

text: Liga

text: in

text: which

text: each

text: club

text: sells

text: its

text: rights

text: individually

text: leading

text: to

text: a

text: much

text: higher

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: income

text: going

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: few

text: clubs

text: The

text: money

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: parts

text: half

text: is

text: divided

text: equally

text: between

text: the

text: clubs

text: one

text: quarter

text: is

text: awarded

text: on

text: a

text: merit

text: basis

text: based

text: on

text: final

text: league

text: position

text: the

text: top

text: club

text: getting

text: twenty

text: times

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: the

text: bottom

text: club

text: and

text: equal

text: steps

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: down

text: the

text: table

text: the

text: final

text: quarter

text: is

text: paid

text: out

text: as

text: facilities

text: fees

text: for

text: games

text: that

text: are

text: shown

text: on

text: television

text: with

text: the

text: top

text: clubs

text: generally

text: receiving

text: the

text: largest

text: shares

text: of

text: this

text: The

text: income

text: from

text: overseas

text: rights

text: is

text: divided

text: equally

text: between

text: the

text: twenty

text: clubs

question: Do European Leagues sell their television rights per a collective level?

answer: other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually

text: other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually

question: What happens when European Leagues sell their televsion rights individually?

answer: a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs

text: a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs

question: How is the teleivsion revenue distributed in the Premier League?

answer: The money is divided into three parts:

text: The money is divided into three parts:

question: How is half of the money distributed?

answer: half is divided equally between the clubs

text: half is divided equally between the clubs

question: How is the final quarter of the money distributed?

answer: the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this.

text: the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this.

question: On what sort of basis does the Premier League sell its television rights?

answer: collective basis

text: collective basis

question: How does La Liga sell its broadcasting rights?

answer: individually

text: individually

question: Which clubs get the greatest share of broadcasting income when rights are sold individually?

answer: the top few clubs

text: the top few clubs

question: What percentage of broadcasting revenue is divided equally by all La Liga clubs?

answer: half

text: half

question: What percentage of broadcasting revenue is awarded on a merit basis according to ranking at the end of the season?

answer: one quarter

text: one quarter

question: On what kind of basis do the twenty clubs sell their rights?

text: on a collective basis

question: La Liga sells its rights collectively while the Premier League sells how?

text: individually

question: How is the income from domestic rights divided between the twenty clubs?

text: equally

question: How is the revenue from overseas rights divided between the 40 clubs?

text: equally

question: The revenue from overseas rights is divided unequally between how many clubs?

text: twenty


text: Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Mandolin

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: blues

text: music

text: most

text: notably

text: by

text: Ry

text: Cooder

text: who

text: performed

text: outstanding

text: covers

text: on

text: his

text: very

text: first

text: recordings

text: Yank

text: Rachell

text: Johnny

text: Man

text: Young

text: Carl

text: Martin

text: and

text: Gerry

text: Hundt

text: Howard

text: Armstrong

text: who

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: blues

text: violin

text: got

text: his

text: start

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: mandolin

text: and

text: played

text: in

text: string

text: bands

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: Tennessee

text: string

text: bands

text: he

text: came

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: with

text: band

text: makeup

text: including

text: mandolins

text: and

text: fiddles

text: and

text: guitars

text: and

text: banjos

text: And

text: once

text: in

text: a

text: while

text: they

text: would

text: ease

text: a

text: little

text: ukulele

text: in

text: there

text: and

text: a

text: bass

text: fiddle

text: Other

text: blues

text: players

text: from

text: the

text: era

text: 's

text: string

text: bands

text: include

text: Willie

text: Black

text: Whistler

text: And

text: His

text: Jug

text: Band

text: Dink

text: Brister

text: Jim

text: Hill

text: Charles

text: Johnson

text: Coley

text: Jones

text: Dallas

text: String

text: Band

text: Bobby

text: Leecan

text: Need

text: More

text: Band

text: Alfred

text: Martin

text: Charlie

text: McCoy

text: Al

text: Miller

text: Matthew

text: Prater

text: and

text: Herb

text: Quinn

question: Who got his start with his father's mandolin?

answer: Howard Armstrong,

text: Howard Armstrong,

question: Who is the most popular blue music mandolinist?

answer: Ry Cooder

text: Ry Cooder

question: What other instrument did the Tennessee string bands use?

answer: ukulele in there and a bass fiddle

text: ukulele in there and a bass fiddle

question: Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band?

answer: Willie Black

text: Willie Black

question: Who is the most popular red music mandolinist?

text: Ry Cooder

question: What other instrument did the Kentucky string bands use?

text: fiddles and guitars and banjos.

question: Who played in the Singer and His Jug Band?

text: Willie Black


text: Ireland and the United Kingdom are both part of the European Union (EU). The Crown Dependencies are not a part of the EU however do participate in certain aspects that were negotiated as a part of the UK's accession to the EU. Neither the United Kingdom or Ireland are part of the Schengen area, that allow passport-free travel between EU members states. However, since the partition of Ireland, an informal free-travel area had existed across the region. In 1997, this area required formal recognition during the course of negotiations for the Amsterdam Treaty of the European Union and is now known as the Common Travel Area.

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: Ireland

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: are

text: both

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: The

text: Crown

text: Dependencies

text: are

text: not

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: EU

text: however

text: do

text: participate

text: in

text: certain

text: aspects

text: that

text: were

text: negotiated

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: accession

text: to

text: the

text: EU

text: Neither

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: Ireland

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Schengen

text: area

text: that

text: allow

text: passport

text: free

text: travel

text: between

text: EU

text: members

text: states

text: However

text: since

text: the

text: partition

text: of

text: Ireland

text: an

text: informal

text: free

text: travel

text: area

text: had

text: existed

text: across

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: this

text: area

text: required

text: formal

text: recognition

text: during

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: negotiations

text: for

text: the

text: Amsterdam

text: Treaty

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Common

text: Travel

text: Area

question: The United Kingdom is part of what union?

answer: European Union (EU)

text: European Union (EU)

question: What does the Schengen area allow in the European Union?

answer: passport-free travel between EU members states

text: passport-free travel between EU members states

question: When was a free-travel area created betwen Northern Ireland and Ireland?

answer: 1997

question: This free-travel area in Ireland is now called what?

answer: Common Travel Area

text: Common Travel Area

question: Ireland and the Crown Dependencies are part of what union?

text: European Union

question: What type of travel does the Amsterdam Treaty area allow?

question: Both the United Kingdom and Ireland are part of what area?

text: Schengen area

question: A formal free-travel area has existed across the region since when?

text: the partition of Ireland

question: Since 1997 the area has required informal recognition and has become known as what?

text: the Common Travel Area.


text: In the Papal States, which existed until 1870, Jews were required to live only in specified neighborhoods called ghettos. In the 19th and (before the end of World War II) 20th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between "good antisemitism" and "bad antisemitism". The "bad" kind promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent. This was considered un-Christian because the Christian message was intended for all of humanity regardless of ethnicity; anyone could become a Christian. The "good" kind criticized alleged Jewish conspiracies to control newspapers, banks, and other institutions, to care only about accumulation of wealth, etc.

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: In

text: the

text: Papal

text: States

text: which

text: existed

text: until

text: Jews

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: live

text: only

text: in

text: specified

text: neighborhoods

text: called

text: ghettos

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: centuries

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: adhered

text: to

text: a

text: distinction

text: between

text: good

text: antisemitism

text: and

text: bad

text: antisemitism

text: The

text: bad

text: kind

text: promoted

text: hatred

text: of

text: Jews

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: descent

text: This

text: was

text: considered

text: un

text: Christian

text: because

text: the

text: Christian

text: message

text: was

text: intended

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: humanity

text: regardless

text: of

text: ethnicity

text: anyone

text: could

text: become

text: a

text: Christian

text: The

text: good

text: kind

text: criticized

text: alleged

text: Jewish

text: conspiracies

text: to

text: control

text: newspapers

text: banks

text: and

text: other

text: institutions

text: to

text: care

text: only

text: about

text: accumulation

text: of

text: wealth

text: etc

question: When did the Papal States exist?

answer: until 1870

text: until 1870

question: In the Papal States, what is the name for the specified neighborhoods where Jews were required to live?

answer: ghettos

text: ghettos

question: What promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent?

answer: bad antisemitism

text: bad antisemitism

question: What existed after 1870?

text: the Papal States

question: Where were Jews required to live outside of in the Papal States?

text: specified neighborhoods called ghettos

question: Who did not make a distinction between "good" and "bad" antisemitism?

text: the Roman Catholic Church

question: What conspiracies were alleged about the Catholic Church?

question: What did the "bad" kind of antisemitism not promote?

text: hatred of Jews because of their descent


text: As President, Johnson steadfastly pursued the Gemini and Apollo programs, promoting them as Kennedy's legacy to the American public. One week after Kennedy's death, he issued an executive order renaming the Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities after Kennedy.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: As

text: President

text: Johnson

text: steadfastly

text: pursued

text: the

text: Gemini

text: and

text: Apollo

text: programs

text: promoting

text: them

text: as

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: legacy

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: public

text: One

text: week

text: after

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: death

text: he

text: issued

text: an

text: executive

text: order

text: renaming

text: the

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: and

text: Apollo

text: launch

text: facilities

text: after

text: Kennedy

question: What two locations in Florida were renamed after Kennedy by President Johnson?

answer: Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities

text: Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities

question: Which two space programs were heavily worked on by President Johnson?

answer: Gemini and Apollo

text: Gemini and Apollo


text: In Hellenistic times, especially during the 3rd century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, Titan god of the sun, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with Selene, Titan goddess of the moon. In Latin texts, on the other hand, Joseph Fontenrose declared himself unable to find any conflation of Apollo with Sol among the Augustan poets of the 1st century, not even in the conjurations of Aeneas and Latinus in Aeneid XII (161–215). Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 3rd century CE.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: In

text: Hellenistic

text: times

text: especially

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: as

text: Apollo

text: Helios

text: he

text: became

text: identified

text: among

text: Greeks

text: with

text: Helios

text: Titan

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: and

text: his

text: sister

text: Artemis

text: similarly

text: equated

text: with

text: Selene

text: Titan

text: goddess

text: of

text: the

text: moon

text: In

text: Latin

text: texts

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Joseph

text: Fontenrose

text: declared

text: himself

text: unable

text: to

text: find

text: any

text: conflation

text: of

text: Apollo

text: with

text: Sol

text: among

text: the

text: Augustan

text: poets

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: not

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: conjurations

text: of

text: Aeneas

text: and

text: Latinus

text: in

text: Aeneid

text: XII

text: Apollo

text: and

text: Helios

text: Sol

text: remained

text: separate

text: beings

text: in

text: literary

text: and

text: mythological

text: texts

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: CE

question: Who was the Titan goddess of the moon?

answer: Selene

text: Selene

question: In Hellenestic times, Greeks identified Apollo Helios as what name?

answer: Helios

text: Helios

question: What was the name of Apollo's sister?

answer: Artemis

text: Artemis


text: Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads with a power factor of 1. This means the actual power consumed (in watts) and the apparent power (in volt-amperes) are equal. Incandescent light bulbs are usually marketed according to the electrical power consumed. This is measured in watts and depends mainly on the resistance of the filament, which in turn depends mainly on the filament's length, thickness, and material. For two bulbs of the same voltage, type, color, and clarity, the higher-powered bulb gives more light.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: Incandescent

text: lamps

text: are

text: nearly

text: pure

text: resistive

text: loads

text: with

text: a

text: power

text: factor

text: of

text: This

text: means

text: the

text: actual

text: power

text: consumed

text: in

text: watts

text: and

text: the

text: apparent

text: power

text: in

text: volt

text: amperes

text: are

text: equal

text: Incandescent

text: light

text: bulbs

text: are

text: usually

text: marketed

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: electrical

text: power

text: consumed

text: This

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: watts

text: and

text: depends

text: mainly

text: on

text: the

text: resistance

text: of

text: the

text: filament

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: depends

text: mainly

text: on

text: the

text: filament

text: 's

text: length

text: thickness

text: and

text: material

text: For

text: two

text: bulbs

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: voltage

text: type

text: color

text: and

text: clarity

text: the

text: higher

text: powered

text: bulb

text: gives

text: more

text: light

question: What does a power factor of 1 mean?

answer: the actual power consumed (in watts) and the apparent power (in volt-amperes) are equal

text: the actual power consumed (in watts) and the apparent power (in volt-amperes) are equal

question: What principally determines the wattage of an incandescent bulb?

answer: the resistance of the filament

text: the resistance of the filament

question: What determines the resistance of the filament?

answer: the filament's length, thickness, and material

text: the filament's length, thickness, and material

question: How close do incandescent lamps come to pure resistive loads?

answer: Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads

text: Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads

question: All other things being equal, how does wattage affect light emitted?

answer: the higher-powered bulb gives more light

text: the higher-powered bulb gives more light

question: What type of lamp has a power factor of 2?

text: Incandescent lamps

question: What does the power factor of 2 mean?

question: How are incandescent light typically not marketed?

question: What does not principally determine the wattage of an incandescent bulb?

question: How does wattage not affect light emitted?


text: She met director Guy Ritchie, who would become her second husband, in November 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles. Rocco and Madonna suffered complications from the birth due to her experiencing placenta praevia. He was christened at Dornoch Cathedral in Dornoch, Scotland, on December 21, 2000. Madonna married Ritchie the following day at nearby Skibo Castle. Her fifth concert tour, titled Drowned World Tour, started in June 2001. The tour visited cities in the U.S. and Europe and was the highest-grossing concert tour of the year by a solo artist, earning $75 million from 47 sold-out shows. She also released her second greatest-hits collection, titled GHV2, to coincide with the home video release of the tour. GHV2 debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: She

text: met

text: director

text: Guy

text: Ritchie

text: who

text: would

text: become

text: her

text: second

text: husband

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: their

text: son

text: Rocco

text: John

text: Ritchie

text: on

text: August

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Rocco

text: and

text: Madonna

text: suffered

text: complications

text: from

text: the

text: birth

text: due

text: to

text: her

text: experiencing

text: placenta

text: praevia

text: He

text: was

text: christened

text: at

text: Dornoch

text: Cathedral

text: in

text: Dornoch

text: Scotland

text: on

text: December

text: Madonna

text: married

text: Ritchie

text: the

text: following

text: day

text: at

text: nearby

text: Skibo

text: Castle

text: Her

text: fifth

text: concert

text: tour

text: titled

text: Drowned

text: World

text: Tour

text: started

text: in

text: June

text: The

text: tour

text: visited

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Europe

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: concert

text: tour

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: by

text: a

text: solo

text: artist

text: earning

text: million

text: from

text: sold

text: out

text: shows

text: She

text: also

text: released

text: her

text: second

text: greatest

text: hits

text: collection

text: titled

text: to

text: coincide

text: with

text: the

text: home

text: video

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: tour

text: debuted

text: at

text: number

text: seven

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

question: Who is Madonna's second husband?

answer: Guy Ritchie

text: Guy Ritchie

question: When did Madonna marry Guy Ritchie?

answer: December 21, 2000.

text: December 21, 2000.

question: When was Rocco John Ritchie born?

answer: August 11, 2000

text: August 11, 2000

question: What type of birth complications did Madonna suffer at birth?

answer: placenta praevia

text: placenta praevia

question: When did Madonna's Drowned World Tour start?

answer: June 2001

text: June 2001


text: The British Mandate of Palestine, where an Arab majority lived alongside a Jewish minority, presented the British with a similar problem to that of India. The matter was complicated by large numbers of Jewish refugees seeking to be admitted to Palestine following the Holocaust, while Arabs were opposed to the creation of a Jewish state. Frustrated by the intractability of the problem, attacks by Jewish paramilitary organisations and the increasing cost of maintaining its military presence, Britain announced in 1947 that it would withdraw in 1948 and leave the matter to the United Nations to solve. The UN General Assembly subsequently voted for a plan to partition Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: British

text: Mandate

text: of

text: Palestine

text: where

text: an

text: Arab

text: majority

text: lived

text: alongside

text: a

text: Jewish

text: minority

text: presented

text: the

text: British

text: with

text: a

text: similar

text: problem

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: matter

text: was

text: complicated

text: by

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: Jewish

text: refugees

text: seeking

text: to

text: be

text: admitted

text: to

text: Palestine

text: following

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: while

text: Arabs

text: were

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: Jewish

text: state

text: Frustrated

text: by

text: the

text: intractability

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: attacks

text: by

text: Jewish

text: paramilitary

text: organisations

text: and

text: the

text: increasing

text: cost

text: of

text: maintaining

text: its

text: military

text: presence

text: Britain

text: announced

text: in

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: withdraw

text: in

text: and

text: leave

text: the

text: matter

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: to

text: solve

text: The

text: UN

text: General

text: Assembly

text: subsequently

text: voted

text: for

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: partition

text: Palestine

text: into

text: a

text: Jewish

text: and

text: an

text: Arab

text: state

question: What race was the majority in Palestine in the 1940s?

answer: Arab

text: Arab

question: When did Britain announce plans to withdraw from Palestine?

answer: 1947

question: Which entity decided to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states?

answer: The UN General Assembly

text: The UN General Assembly

question: Where did many Jewish refugees want to move because of the Holocaust?

answer: Palestine

text: Palestine


text: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Geography

text: effects

text: solar

text: energy

text: potential

text: because

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: equator

text: have

text: a

text: greater

text: amount

text: of

text: solar

text: radiation

text: However

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: photovoltaics

text: that

text: can

text: follow

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: can

text: significantly

text: increase

text: the

text: solar

text: energy

text: potential

text: in

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: farther

text: from

text: the

text: equator

text: Time

text: variation

text: effects

text: the

text: potential

text: of

text: solar

text: energy

text: because

text: during

text: the

text: nighttime

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: solar

text: radiation

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: for

text: solar

text: panels

text: to

text: absorb

text: This

text: limits

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: energy

text: that

text: solar

text: panels

text: can

text: absorb

text: in

text: one

text: day

text: Cloud

text: cover

text: can

text: effect

text: the

text: potential

text: of

text: solar

text: panels

text: because

text: clouds

text: block

text: incoming

text: light

text: from

text: the

text: sun

text: and

text: reduce

text: the

text: light

text: available

text: for

text: solar

text: cells

question: Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available?

answer: areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation

text: areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation

question: What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator?

answer: photovoltaics

text: photovoltaics

question: Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy?

answer: during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb

text: during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb

question: What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available?

answer: clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells

text: clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells


text: Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution."

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Many

text: teachers

text: at

text: Sabha

text: were

text: Egyptian

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: Gaddafi

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: pan

text: Arab

text: newspapers

text: and

text: radio

text: broadcasts

text: most

text: notably

text: the

text: Cairo

text: based

text: Voice

text: of

text: the

text: Arabs

text: Growing

text: up

text: Gaddafi

text: witnessed

text: significant

text: events

text: rock

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: including

text: the

text: Arab

text: Israeli

text: War

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Revolution

text: of

text: the

text: Suez

text: Crisis

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: between

text: and

text: Gaddafi

text: admired

text: the

text: political

text: changes

text: implemented

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: under

text: his

text: hero

text: President

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: Nasser

text: argued

text: for

text: Arab

text: nationalism

text: the

text: rejection

text: of

text: Western

text: colonialism

text: neo

text: colonialism

text: and

text: Zionism

text: and

text: a

text: transition

text: from

text: capitalism

text: to

text: socialism

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: book

text: Philosophy

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

text: was

text: a

text: key

text: influence

text: on

text: Gaddafi

text: outlining

text: how

text: to

text: initiate

text: a

text: coup

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: inspiration

text: and

text: blueprint

text: of

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: revolution

question: What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt?

answer: President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism

text: President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism

question: What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi?

answer: his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser

text: his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser

question: What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup?

answer: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution

text: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution

question: Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life.

answer: 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961

text: 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961

question: What political ideology did Nasser implement?

answer: transition from capitalism to socialism

text: transition from capitalism to socialism

question: What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha?

answer: Egyptian

text: Egyptian

question: From what city did Voice of the Arabs broadcast?

answer: Cairo

text: Cairo

question: What notable event occurred in 1952?

answer: Egyptian Revolution

text: Egyptian Revolution

question: When did the United Arab Republic end?

answer: 1961

question: What political leader did Gaddafi greatly admire?

answer: Nasser

text: Nasser


text: Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common background, the groups' views on religious toleration were mixed. While some such as Roger Williams of Rhode Island and William Penn of Pennsylvania ensured the protection of religious minorities within their colonies, others like the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony had established churches. The Dutch colony of New Netherland established the Dutch Reformed Church and outlawed all other worship, though enforcement was sparse. Religious conformity was desired partly for financial reasons: the established Church was responsible for poverty relief, putting dissenting churches at a significant disadvantage.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Many

text: early

text: immigrant

text: groups

text: traveled

text: to

text: America

text: to

text: worship

text: freely

text: particularly

text: after

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: religious

text: conflict

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Germany

text: They

text: included

text: nonconformists

text: like

text: the

text: Puritans

text: who

text: were

text: Protestant

text: Christians

text: fleeing

text: religious

text: persecution

text: from

text: the

text: Anglican

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: Despite

text: a

text: common

text: background

text: the

text: groups

text: views

text: on

text: religious

text: toleration

text: were

text: mixed

text: While

text: some

text: such

text: as

text: Roger

text: Williams

text: of

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: and

text: William

text: Penn

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: ensured

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: religious

text: minorities

text: within

text: their

text: colonies

text: others

text: like

text: the

text: Plymouth

text: Colony

text: and

text: Massachusetts

text: Bay

text: Colony

text: had

text: established

text: churches

text: The

text: Dutch

text: colony

text: of

text: New

text: Netherland

text: established

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Reformed

text: Church

text: and

text: outlawed

text: all

text: other

text: worship

text: though

text: enforcement

text: was

text: sparse

text: Religious

text: conformity

text: was

text: desired

text: partly

text: for

text: financial

text: reasons

text: the

text: established

text: Church

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: poverty

text: relief

text: putting

text: dissenting

text: churches

text: at

text: a

text: significant

text: disadvantage

question: What was one of the reason early immigrant groups came to America?

answer: to worship freely

text: to worship freely

question: What were Protestant Christians fleeing from?

answer: religious persecution

text: religious persecution

question: Who was persecuting the Puritans?

answer: King of England

text: King of England

question: What did William Penn ensure the protection of in his colony?

answer: religious minorities

text: religious minorities

question: What did the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony both establish?

answer: churches

text: churches

question: What was one of the reason late immigrant groups came to America?

text: worship freely

question: What were Protestant Christians not fleeing from?

text: religious persecution

question: Who wasn't persecuting the Puritans?

text: King of England

question: What did William Penn deny the protection of in his colony?

text: religious minorities

question: What did the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony both reject?

text: churches


text: For any animal, survival requires maintaining a variety of parameters of bodily state within a limited range of variation: these include temperature, water content, salt concentration in the bloodstream, blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others. The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body—the milieu intérieur, as pioneering physiologist Claude Bernard called it—is known as homeostasis (Greek for "standing still"). Maintaining homeostasis is a crucial function of the brain. The basic principle that underlies homeostasis is negative feedback: any time a parameter diverges from its set-point, sensors generate an error signal that evokes a response that causes the parameter to shift back toward its optimum value. (This principle is widely used in engineering, for example in the control of temperature using a thermostat.)

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: For

text: any

text: animal

text: survival

text: requires

text: maintaining

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: parameters

text: of

text: bodily

text: state

text: within

text: a

text: limited

text: range

text: of

text: variation

text: these

text: include

text: temperature

text: water

text: content

text: salt

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: blood

text: glucose

text: levels

text: blood

text: oxygen

text: level

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: an

text: animal

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: internal

text: environment

text: of

text: its

text: body

text: the

text: milieu

text: intérieur

text: as

text: pioneering

text: physiologist

text: Claude

text: Bernard

text: called

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: homeostasis

text: Greek

text: for

text: standing

text: still

text: Maintaining

text: homeostasis

text: is

text: a

text: crucial

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: The

text: basic

text: principle

text: that

text: underlies

text: homeostasis

text: is

text: negative

text: feedback

text: any

text: time

text: a

text: parameter

text: diverges

text: from

text: its

text: set

text: point

text: sensors

text: generate

text: an

text: error

text: signal

text: that

text: evokes

text: a

text: response

text: that

text: causes

text: the

text: parameter

text: to

text: shift

text: back

text: toward

text: its

text: optimum

text: value

text: This

text: principle

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: engineering

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: temperature

text: using

text: a

text: thermostat

question: Homeostasis is defined as what?

answer: The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body

text: The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body

question: Homeostasis is Greek for what phrase?

answer: "standing still"

text: "standing still"

question: The milieu interieur term was used by what physiologist?

answer: Claude Bernard

text: Claude Bernard

question: Homeostasis is like what household tool?

answer: a thermostat.

text: a thermostat.


text: Avialans diversified into a wide variety of forms during the Cretaceous Period. Many groups retained primitive characteristics, such as clawed wings and teeth, though the latter were lost independently in a number of avialan groups, including modern birds (Aves). While the earliest forms, such as Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis, retained the long bony tails of their ancestors, the tails of more advanced avialans were shortened with the advent of the pygostyle bone in the group Pygostylia. In the late Cretaceous, around 95 million years ago, the ancestor of all modern birds also evolved a better sense of smell.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Avialans

text: diversified

text: into

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: forms

text: during

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text: Many

text: groups

text: retained

text: primitive

text: characteristics

text: such

text: as

text: clawed

text: wings

text: and

text: teeth

text: though

text: the

text: latter

text: were

text: lost

text: independently

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: avialan

text: groups

text: including

text: modern

text: birds

text: Aves

text: While

text: the

text: earliest

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: Archaeopteryx

text: and

text: Jeholornis

text: retained

text: the

text: long

text: bony

text: tails

text: of

text: their

text: ancestors

text: the

text: tails

text: of

text: more

text: advanced

text: avialans

text: were

text: shortened

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: the

text: pygostyle

text: bone

text: in

text: the

text: group

text: Pygostylia

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Cretaceous

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: the

text: ancestor

text: of

text: all

text: modern

text: birds

text: also

text: evolved

text: a

text: better

text: sense

text: of

text: smell

question: During which time period did avialans diversify into a wide variety of forms?

answer: Cretaceous Period

text: Cretaceous Period

question: Which forms retained the long bony tails of their ancestors?

answer: Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis

text: Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis

question: When did the ancestor of all modern birds evolve a better sense of smell?

answer: late Cretaceous

text: late Cretaceous

question: How long ago was the late Cretaceous period?

answer: around 95 million years ago

text: around 95 million years ago


text: Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually. Tinker Air Force Base, in southeast Oklahoma City, is the largest military air depot in the nation; a major maintenance and deployment facility for the Navy and the Air Force, and the second largest military institution in the state (after Fort Sill in Lawton).

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: two

text: primary

text: airports

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: World

text: Airport

text: and

text: the

text: much

text: smaller

text: Wiley

text: Post

text: Airport

text: incidentally

text: the

text: two

text: honorees

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: plane

text: crash

text: in

text: Alaska

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: World

text: Airport

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: busiest

text: commercial

text: airport

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: passengers

text: annually

text: Tinker

text: Air

text: Force

text: Base

text: in

text: southeast

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: military

text: air

text: depot

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: a

text: major

text: maintenance

text: and

text: deployment

text: facility

text: for

text: the

text: Navy

text: and

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: military

text: institution

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: Fort

text: Sill

text: in

text: Lawton

question: Which airport is the busiest?

answer: Will Rogers World Airport

text: Will Rogers World Airport

question: How many people travel through Will Rogers World Airport each year?

answer: 3.6 million

text: 3.6 million

question: What is the name of the largest military base in the nation?

answer: Tinker Air Force Base

text: Tinker Air Force Base


text: In 2008, the BBC began experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK, and in November 2008, all standard BBC television channels were made available to watch online.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: In

text: the

text: BBC

text: began

text: experimenting

text: with

text: live

text: streaming

text: of

text: certain

text: channels

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: in

text: November

text: all

text: standard

text: BBC

text: television

text: channels

text: were

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: watch

text: online

question: When did the BBC start exploring the use of internet streaming?

answer: 2008

question: When was full coverage of the BBC's standard programming launched in online stream format?

answer: November 2008

text: November 2008

question: In what month of 2008 did the BBC begin to experiment with live streaming?

text: November

question: What year were all channels able to be streamed online?


text: Legendary Princess Bhrikuti (7th-century) and artist Araniko (1245 - 1306 AD) from that tradition of Kathmandu valley played a significant role in spreading Buddhism in Tibet and China. There are over 108 traditional monasteries (Bahals and Bahis) in Kathmandu based on Newar Buddhism. Since the 1960s, the permanent Tibetan Buddhist population of Kathmandu has risen significantly so that there are now over fifty Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the area. Also, with the modernization of Newar Buddhism, various Theravada Bihars have been established.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: Legendary

text: Princess

text: Bhrikuti

text: century

text: and

text: artist

text: Araniko

text: AD

text: from

text: that

text: tradition

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: valley

text: played

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: spreading

text: Buddhism

text: in

text: Tibet

text: and

text: China

text: There

text: are

text: over

text: traditional

text: monasteries

text: Bahals

text: and

text: Bahis

text: in

text: Kathmandu

text: based

text: on

text: Newar

text: Buddhism

text: Since

text: the

text: the

text: permanent

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhist

text: population

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: has

text: risen

text: significantly

text: so

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: over

text: fifty

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhist

text: monasteries

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: Also

text: with

text: the

text: modernization

text: of

text: Newar

text: Buddhism

text: various

text: Theravada

text: Bihars

text: have

text: been

text: established

question: In what century was Bhrikuti said to live?

answer: 7th

question: When did Araniko die?

answer: 1306

question: What religion did Araniko help to evangelize?

answer: Buddhism

text: Buddhism

question: How many Newar Buddhist monasteries are present in Kathmandu?

answer: 108

question: Approximately how many monasteries in the Kathmandu area are run by Tibetan Buddhists?

answer: fifty

text: fifty


text: The Third (1919–23) and Fourth Aliyahs (1924–29) brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine. Finally, the rise of Nazism and the increasing persecution of Jews in 1930s Europe led to the Fifth Aliyah, with an influx of a quarter of a million Jews. This was a major cause of the Arab revolt of 1936–39 during which the British Mandate authorities alongside the Zionist militias of Haganah and Irgun killed 5,032 Arabs and wounded 14,760, resulting in over ten percent of the adult male Palestinian Arab population killed, wounded, imprisoned or exiled. The British introduced restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine with the White Paper of 1939. With countries around the world turning away Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust, a clandestine movement known as Aliyah Bet was organized to bring Jews to Palestine. By the end of World War II, the Jewish population of Palestine had increased to 33% of the total population. On July 22, 1946, Irgun attacked the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured. The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan. The attack initially had the approval of the Haganah (the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine). It was conceived as a response to Operation Agatha (a series of widespread raids, including one on the Jewish Agency, conducted by the British authorities) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era (1920–1948).

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: The

text: Third

text: and

text: Fourth

text: Aliyahs

text: brought

text: an

text: additional

text: Jews

text: to

text: Palestine

text: Finally

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Nazism

text: and

text: the

text: increasing

text: persecution

text: of

text: Jews

text: in

text: Europe

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Aliyah

text: with

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: a

text: quarter

text: of

text: a

text: million

text: Jews

text: This

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: revolt

text: of

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: Mandate

text: authorities

text: alongside

text: the

text: Zionist

text: militias

text: of

text: Haganah

text: and

text: Irgun

text: killed

text: Arabs

text: and

text: wounded

text: resulting

text: in

text: over

text: ten

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: adult

text: male

text: Palestinian

text: Arab

text: population

text: killed

text: wounded

text: imprisoned

text: or

text: exiled

text: The

text: British

text: introduced

text: restrictions

text: on

text: Jewish

text: immigration

text: to

text: Palestine

text: with

text: the

text: White

text: Paper

text: of

text: With

text: countries

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: turning

text: away

text: Jewish

text: refugees

text: fleeing

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: a

text: clandestine

text: movement

text: known

text: as

text: Aliyah

text: Bet

text: was

text: organized

text: to

text: bring

text: Jews

text: to

text: Palestine

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: Jewish

text: population

text: of

text: Palestine

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: On

text: July

text: Irgun

text: attacked

text: the

text: British

text: administrative

text: headquarters

text: for

text: Palestine

text: which

text: was

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: wing

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: David

text: Hotel

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: people

text: of

text: various

text: nationalities

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: were

text: injured

text: The

text: hotel

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: offices

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Mandatory

text: authorities

text: of

text: Palestine

text: principally

text: the

text: Secretariat

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Palestine

text: and

text: the

text: Headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: in

text: Palestine

text: and

text: Transjordan

text: The

text: attack

text: initially

text: had

text: the

text: approval

text: of

text: the

text: Haganah

text: the

text: principal

text: Jewish

text: paramilitary

text: group

text: in

text: Palestine

text: It

text: was

text: conceived

text: as

text: a

text: response

text: to

text: Operation

text: Agatha

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: widespread

text: raids

text: including

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: Jewish

text: Agency

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: authorities

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: deadliest

text: directed

text: at

text: the

text: British

text: during

text: the

text: Mandate

text: era

question: How many Jews did the Third and Fourth Aliyahs bring to Palestine?

answer: 100,000

question: When did Irgun attack the British administrative headquarters?

answer: July 22, 1946

text: July 22, 1946

question: What was the Jewish population in Palestine by the end of World War II?

answer: 33%


text: The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: The

text: largest

text: cemetery

text: is

text: the

text: Cementerio

text: del

text: Norte

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: Central

text: Cemetery

text: Spanish

text: Cementerio

text: central

text: located

text: in

text: Barrio

text: Sur

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: 's

text: main

text: cemeteries

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: cemeteries

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: church

text: graveyards

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: a

text: time

text: where

text: burials

text: were

text: still

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: burial

text: place

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: Uruguayans

text: such

text: as

text: Eduardo

text: Acevedo

text: Delmira

text: Agustini

text: Luis

text: Batlle

text: Berres

text: José

text: Batlle

text: y

text: Ordóñez

text: Juan

text: Manuel

text: Blanes

text: François

text: Ducasse

text: father

text: of

text: Comte

text: de

text: Lautréamont

text: Isidore

text: Ducasse

text: Luis

text: Alberto

text: de

text: Herrera

text: Benito

text: Nardone

text: José

text: Enrique

text: Rodó

text: and

text: Juan

text: Zorrilla

text: de

text: San

text: Martín

question: What is the largest cemetery?

answer: Cementerio del Norte

text: Cementerio del Norte

question: Where is the Central Cemetery located?

answer: Barrio Sur

text: Barrio Sur

question: What year was the Central Cemetery founded?

answer: 1835


text: The northern side of the borough includes the largest park in New York City—Pelham Bay Park, which includes Orchard Beach—and the fourth largest, Van Cortlandt Park, which is west of Woodlawn Cemetery and borders Yonkers. Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkins—known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from a promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale. Nearer the borough's center, and along the Bronx River, is Bronx Park; its northern end houses the New York Botanical Gardens, which preserve the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county, and its southern end the Bronx Zoo, the largest urban zoological gardens in the United States. Just south of Van Cortlandt Park is the Jerome Park Reservoir, surrounded by 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and bordering several small parks in the Bedford Park neighborhood; the reservoir was built in the 1890s on the site of the former Jerome Park Racetrack. Further south is Crotona Park, home to a 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) lake, 28 species of trees, and a large swimming pool. The land for these parks, and many others, was bought by New York City in 1888, while land was still open and inexpensive, in anticipation of future needs and future pressures for development.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: northern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: borough

text: includes

text: the

text: largest

text: park

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Pelham

text: Bay

text: Park

text: which

text: includes

text: Orchard

text: Beach

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: Van

text: Cortlandt

text: Park

text: which

text: is

text: west

text: of

text: Woodlawn

text: Cemetery

text: and

text: borders

text: Yonkers

text: Also

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Bronx

text: Wave

text: Hill

text: the

text: former

text: estate

text: of

text: George

text: W.

text: Perkins

text: known

text: for

text: a

text: historic

text: house

text: gardens

text: changing

text: site

text: specific

text: art

text: installations

text: and

text: concerts

text: overlooks

text: the

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Palisades

text: from

text: a

text: promontory

text: on

text: the

text: Hudson

text: in

text: Riverdale

text: Nearer

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: center

text: and

text: along

text: the

text: Bronx

text: River

text: is

text: Bronx

text: Park

text: its

text: northern

text: end

text: houses

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Botanical

text: Gardens

text: which

text: preserve

text: the

text: last

text: patch

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: hemlock

text: forest

text: that

text: once

text: covered

text: the

text: entire

text: county

text: and

text: its

text: southern

text: end

text: the

text: Bronx

text: Zoo

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: zoological

text: gardens

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Just

text: south

text: of

text: Van

text: Cortlandt

text: Park

text: is

text: the

text: Jerome

text: Park

text: Reservoir

text: surrounded

text: by

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: stone

text: walls

text: and

text: bordering

text: several

text: small

text: parks

text: in

text: the

text: Bedford

text: Park

text: neighborhood

text: the

text: reservoir

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Jerome

text: Park

text: Racetrack

text: Further

text: south

text: is

text: Crotona

text: Park

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: ha

text: lake

text: species

text: of

text: trees

text: and

text: a

text: large

text: swimming

text: pool

text: The

text: land

text: for

text: these

text: parks

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: was

text: bought

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: in

text: while

text: land

text: was

text: still

text: open

text: and

text: inexpensive

text: in

text: anticipation

text: of

text: future

text: needs

text: and

text: future

text: pressures

text: for

text: development

question: When did NYC buy land for its parks?

answer: 1888

question: How many types of trees are in Crotona Park?

answer: 28

question: How large is Crotona Park's lake?

answer: 3.3-acre

question: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?

answer: in the 1890s

text: in the 1890s

question: What do the NY Botanical Gardens preserve?

answer: the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county

text: the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county


text: Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians C. Vann Woodward and David Brion Davis are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: 's

text: English

text: and

text: Comparative

text: Literature

text: departments

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Criticism

text: movement

text: Of

text: the

text: New

text: Critics

text: Robert

text: Penn

text: Warren

text: W.K.

text: Wimsatt

text: and

text: Cleanth

text: Brooks

text: were

text: all

text: Yale

text: faculty

text: Later

text: the

text: Yale

text: Comparative

text: literature

text: department

text: became

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: American

text: deconstruction

text: Jacques

text: Derrida

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: deconstruction

text: taught

text: at

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Comparative

text: Literature

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: seventies

text: to

text: Several

text: other

text: Yale

text: faculty

text: members

text: were

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: deconstruction

text: forming

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Yale

text: School

text: These

text: included

text: Paul

text: de

text: Man

text: who

text: taught

text: in

text: the

text: Departments

text: of

text: Comparative

text: Literature

text: and

text: French

text: J.

text: Hillis

text: Miller

text: Geoffrey

text: Hartman

text: both

text: taught

text: in

text: the

text: Departments

text: of

text: English

text: and

text: Comparative

text: Literature

text: and

text: Harold

text: Bloom

text: English

text: whose

text: theoretical

text: position

text: was

text: always

text: somewhat

text: specific

text: and

text: who

text: ultimately

text: took

text: a

text: very

text: different

text: path

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: this

text: group

text: Yale

text: 's

text: history

text: department

text: has

text: also

text: originated

text: important

text: intellectual

text: trends

text: Historians

text: C.

text: Vann

text: Woodward

text: and

text: David

text: Brion

text: Davis

text: are

text: credited

text: with

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: stream

text: of

text: southern

text: historians

text: likewise

text: David

text: Montgomery

text: a

text: labor

text: historian

text: advised

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: generation

text: of

text: labor

text: historians

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Yale

text: 's

text: Music

text: School

text: and

text: Department

text: fostered

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: Music

text: Theory

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Journal

text: of

text: Music

text: Theory

text: was

text: founded

text: there

text: in

text: Allen

text: Forte

text: and

text: David

text: Lewin

text: were

text: influential

text: teachers

text: and

text: scholars

question: Which of the New Critics were staffed at Yale?

answer: Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks

text: Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks

question: Who is known as the father of deconstruction?

answer: Jacques Derrida

text: Jacques Derrida

question: Where did Jacques Derrida teach from the late 1970's to mid 1980's?

answer: Department of Comparative Literature

text: Department of Comparative Literature

question: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other younger labor historians?

answer: David Montgomery

text: David Montgomery

question: When was The Journal of Music Theory founded?

answer: 1957

question: Which of the Old Critics were staffed at Yale?

question: Who is known as the mother of deconstruction?

text: Jacques Derrida

question: Where did Jacques Derrida teach from the late 1970's to mid 1990's?

text: Department of Comparative Literature

question: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other older labor historians?

text: David Montgomery

question: When wasn't The Journal of Music Theory founded?


text: During the 1990s, several research papers and popular books wrote on what came to be called the "Mozart effect": an observed temporary, small elevation of scores on certain tests as a result of listening to Mozart's works. The approach has been popularized in a book by Don Campbell, and is based on an experiment published in Nature suggesting that listening to Mozart temporarily boosted students' IQ by 8 to 9 points. This popularized version of the theory was expressed succinctly by the New York Times music columnist Alex Ross: "researchers... have determined that listening to Mozart actually makes you smarter." Promoters marketed CDs claimed to induce the effect. Florida passed a law requiring toddlers in state-run schools to listen to classical music every day, and in 1998 the governor of Georgia budgeted $105,000 per year to provide every child born in Georgia with a tape or CD of classical music. One of the co-authors of the original studies of the Mozart effect commented "I don't think it can hurt. I'm all for exposing children to wonderful cultural experiences. But I do think the money could be better spent on music education programs."

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: During

text: the

text: several

text: research

text: papers

text: and

text: popular

text: books

text: wrote

text: on

text: what

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: Mozart

text: effect

text: an

text: observed

text: temporary

text: small

text: elevation

text: of

text: scores

text: on

text: certain

text: tests

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: listening

text: to

text: Mozart

text: 's

text: works

text: The

text: approach

text: has

text: been

text: popularized

text: in

text: a

text: book

text: by

text: Don

text: Campbell

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: experiment

text: published

text: in

text: Nature

text: suggesting

text: that

text: listening

text: to

text: Mozart

text: temporarily

text: boosted

text: students

text: IQ

text: by

text: to

text: points

text: This

text: popularized

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: theory

text: was

text: expressed

text: succinctly

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: music

text: columnist

text: Alex

text: Ross

text: researchers

text: have

text: determined

text: that

text: listening

text: to

text: Mozart

text: actually

text: makes

text: you

text: smarter

text: Promoters

text: marketed

text: CDs

text: claimed

text: to

text: induce

text: the

text: effect

text: Florida

text: passed

text: a

text: law

text: requiring

text: toddlers

text: in

text: state

text: run

text: schools

text: to

text: listen

text: to

text: classical

text: music

text: every

text: day

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: governor

text: of

text: Georgia

text: budgeted

text: per

text: year

text: to

text: provide

text: every

text: child

text: born

text: in

text: Georgia

text: with

text: a

text: tape

text: or

text: CD

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: co

text: authors

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: Mozart

text: effect

text: commented

text: I

text: do

text: n't

text: think

text: it

text: can

text: hurt

text: I

text: 'm

text: all

text: for

text: exposing

text: children

text: to

text: wonderful

text: cultural

text: experiences

text: But

text: I

text: do

text: think

text: the

text: money

text: could

text: be

text: better

text: spent

text: on

text: music

text: education

text: programs

question: Which composer had an effect named after him?

answer: Mozart

text: Mozart

question: Who wrote a book on the Mozart effect?

answer: Don Campbell

text: Don Campbell

question: Where was the experiment originally published?

answer: Nature

text: Nature

question: How many IQ points of a students' does the Mozart effect temporarily boost?

answer: 8 to 9 points

text: 8 to 9 points

question: How much did the Governor of Georgia budget per year to provide every child with a CD of classical music?

answer: $105,000


text: According to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chinese between commoners and people with inferior status. They were divided into two categories: one of them, the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people. The majority of the population belonged to the first category and were described as liangmin, a legal term meaning good people, as opposed to jianmin meaning the mean (or ignoble) people. Qing law explicitly stated that the traditional four occupational groups of scholars, farmers, artisans and merchants were "good", or having a status of commoners. On the other hand, slaves or bondservants, entertainers (including prostitutes and actors), and those low-level employees of government officials were the "mean people". Mean people were considered legally inferior to commoners and suffered unequal treatments, forbidden to take the imperial examination.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: According

text: to

text: statute

text: Qing

text: society

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: relatively

text: closed

text: estates

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: most

text: general

text: terms

text: there

text: were

text: five

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: estates

text: of

text: the

text: officials

text: the

text: comparatively

text: minuscule

text: aristocracy

text: and

text: the

text: degree

text: holding

text: literati

text: there

text: also

text: existed

text: a

text: major

text: division

text: among

text: ordinary

text: Chinese

text: between

text: commoners

text: and

text: people

text: with

text: inferior

text: status

text: They

text: were

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: categories

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: the

text: good

text: commoner

text: people

text: the

text: other

text: mean

text: people

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: category

text: and

text: were

text: described

text: as

text: liangmin

text: a

text: legal

text: term

text: meaning

text: good

text: people

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: jianmin

text: meaning

text: the

text: mean

text: or

text: ignoble

text: people

text: Qing

text: law

text: explicitly

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: traditional

text: four

text: occupational

text: groups

text: of

text: scholars

text: farmers

text: artisans

text: and

text: merchants

text: were

text: good

text: or

text: having

text: a

text: status

text: of

text: commoners

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: slaves

text: or

text: bondservants

text: entertainers

text: including

text: prostitutes

text: and

text: actors

text: and

text: those

text: low

text: level

text: employees

text: of

text: government

text: officials

text: were

text: the

text: mean

text: people

text: Mean

text: people

text: were

text: considered

text: legally

text: inferior

text: to

text: commoners

text: and

text: suffered

text: unequal

text: treatments

text: forbidden

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: imperial

text: examination

question: How many estates were there in Qing society?

answer: five

text: five

question: What 2 groups were normal Chinese broken into?

answer: the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people

text: the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people

question: What was the legal term for commoner?

answer: liangmin

text: liangmin


text: Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become important netting materials in the aquaculture industry because they are antimicrobial and prevent biofouling, even in extreme conditions and have strong structural and corrosion-resistant properties in marine environments.

title: Copper

title: Copper

text: Copper

text: is

text: biostatic

text: meaning

text: bacteria

text: will

text: not

text: grow

text: on

text: it

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: it

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: line

text: parts

text: of

text: ships

text: to

text: protect

text: against

text: barnacles

text: and

text: mussels

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: pure

text: but

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: superseded

text: by

text: Muntz

text: metal

text: Similarly

text: as

text: discussed

text: in

text: copper

text: alloys

text: in

text: aquaculture

text: copper

text: alloys

text: have

text: become

text: important

text: netting

text: materials

text: in

text: the

text: aquaculture

text: industry

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: antimicrobial

text: and

text: prevent

text: biofouling

text: even

text: in

text: extreme

text: conditions

text: and

text: have

text: strong

text: structural

text: and

text: corrosion

text: resistant

text: properties

text: in

text: marine

text: environments

question: What word means that bacteria won't grow on a substrate?

answer: biostatic

text: biostatic

question: Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?

answer: ships

text: ships

question: What has pure copper been replaced with in the building of ships?

answer: Muntz metal

text: Muntz metal

question: In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make?

answer: netting materials

text: netting materials

question: Name a property that makes copper a good material to use in marine environments?

answer: corrosion-resistant

text: corrosion-resistant

question: What word means that bacteria constantly grows on a substrate?

text: biostatic

question: Where is copper commonly used due to not having a biostatic property?

text: ships

question: What has fake copper been replaced with in the building of ships?

text: Muntz metal

question: What is copper alloys rarely used to make in the agriculture industry?

text: netting materials


text: The city is governed pursuant to the Home Rule Charter of the City of Detroit. The city government is run by a mayor and a nine-member city council and clerk elected on an at-large nonpartisan ballot. Since voters approved the city's charter in 1974, Detroit has had a "strong mayoral" system, with the mayor approving departmental appointments. The council approves budgets but the mayor is not obligated to adhere to any earmarking. City ordinances and substantially large contracts must be approved by the council. The Detroit City Code is the codification of Detroit's local ordinances.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: governed

text: pursuant

text: to

text: the

text: Home

text: Rule

text: Charter

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Detroit

text: The

text: city

text: government

text: is

text: run

text: by

text: a

text: mayor

text: and

text: a

text: nine

text: member

text: city

text: council

text: and

text: clerk

text: elected

text: on

text: an

text: at

text: large

text: nonpartisan

text: ballot

text: Since

text: voters

text: approved

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: charter

text: in

text: Detroit

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: strong

text: mayoral

text: system

text: with

text: the

text: mayor

text: approving

text: departmental

text: appointments

text: The

text: council

text: approves

text: budgets

text: but

text: the

text: mayor

text: is

text: not

text: obligated

text: to

text: adhere

text: to

text: any

text: earmarking

text: City

text: ordinances

text: and

text: substantially

text: large

text: contracts

text: must

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: council

text: The

text: Detroit

text: City

text: Code

text: is

text: the

text: codification

text: of

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: local

text: ordinances

question: How many people are on the city council?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: When was Detroit's charter approved?

answer: 1974

question: Who approves Detroit's budgets?

answer: The council

text: The council

question: What is Detroit's charter called?

answer: Home Rule Charter

text: Home Rule Charter


text: Burke put forward that "We fear God, we look up with awe to kings; with affection to parliaments; with duty to magistrates; with reverence to priests; and with respect to nobility. Why? Because when such ideas are brought before our minds, it is natural to be so affected". Burke defended this prejudice on the grounds that it is "the general bank and capital of nations, and of ages" and superior to individual reason, which is small in comparison. "Prejudice", Burke claimed, "is of ready application in the emergency; it previously engages the mind in a steady course of wisdom and virtue, and does not leave the man hesitating in the moment of decision, skeptical, puzzled, and unresolved. Prejudice renders a man's virtue his habit". Burke criticised social contract theory by claiming that society is indeed, a contract, but "a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born".

title: Edmund_Burke

title: Edmund_Burke

text: Burke

text: put

text: forward

text: that

text: We

text: fear

text: God

text: we

text: look

text: up

text: with

text: awe

text: to

text: kings

text: with

text: affection

text: to

text: parliaments

text: with

text: duty

text: to

text: magistrates

text: with

text: reverence

text: to

text: priests

text: and

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: nobility

text: Why

text: Because

text: when

text: such

text: ideas

text: are

text: brought

text: before

text: our

text: minds

text: it

text: is

text: natural

text: to

text: be

text: so

text: affected

text: Burke

text: defended

text: this

text: prejudice

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: general

text: bank

text: and

text: capital

text: of

text: nations

text: and

text: of

text: ages

text: and

text: superior

text: to

text: individual

text: reason

text: which

text: is

text: small

text: in

text: comparison

text: Prejudice

text: Burke

text: claimed

text: is

text: of

text: ready

text: application

text: in

text: the

text: emergency

text: it

text: previously

text: engages

text: the

text: mind

text: in

text: a

text: steady

text: course

text: of

text: wisdom

text: and

text: virtue

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: leave

text: the

text: man

text: hesitating

text: in

text: the

text: moment

text: of

text: decision

text: skeptical

text: puzzled

text: and

text: unresolved

text: Prejudice

text: renders

text: a

text: man

text: 's

text: virtue

text: his

text: habit

text: Burke

text: criticised

text: social

text: contract

text: theory

text: by

text: claiming

text: that

text: society

text: is

text: indeed

text: a

text: contract

text: but

text: a

text: partnership

text: not

text: only

text: between

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: living

text: but

text: between

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: living

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: dead

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: born

question: Who did Burke say we look up to with awe?

answer: kings

text: kings

question: Who did Burke say we look to with affection?

answer: parliaments

text: parliaments

question: Who did Burke say we look to with reverence?

answer: priests

text: priests

question: How did Burke say we look towards nobility?

answer: with respect

text: with respect

question: How did Burke say we look towards magistrates?

answer: duty

text: duty

question: What theory did Burke praise?

text: social contract theory

question: Burke claimed that the contract did not affect what groups of people?

question: Who did Burke say looks to us with reverence?

text: priests

question: Who did Burke say owes us duty?

text: magistrates

question: Who did Burke say gives us respect?

text: nobility


text: Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population through the years) gradually emigrated, primarily to the Southern United States. As Great Britain displaced Spain as the dominant European imperial power, it opened up more land for colonial development. A steady trickle of outward migration continued. With seafaring the only real industry in the early decades, by the end of the 18th century, at least a third of the island's manpower was at sea at any one time.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: limited

text: land

text: area

text: Bermuda

text: has

text: had

text: difficulty

text: with

text: over

text: population

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: centuries

text: of

text: settlement

text: it

text: relied

text: on

text: steady

text: human

text: emigration

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: population

text: manageable.[citation

text: needed

text: Before

text: the

text: American

text: Revolution

text: more

text: than

text: ten

text: thousand

text: Bermudians

text: over

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: through

text: the

text: years

text: gradually

text: emigrated

text: primarily

text: to

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: As

text: Great

text: Britain

text: displaced

text: Spain

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: European

text: imperial

text: power

text: it

text: opened

text: up

text: more

text: land

text: for

text: colonial

text: development

text: A

text: steady

text: trickle

text: of

text: outward

text: migration

text: continued

text: With

text: seafaring

text: the

text: only

text: real

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: decades

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: manpower

text: was

text: at

text: sea

text: at

text: any

text: one

text: time

question: What is a major reason that Bermuda has problems with overpopulation?

answer: limited land area,

text: limited land area,

question: What does Bermuda rely on to counteract overpopulation?

answer: steady human emigration

text: steady human emigration

question: Where did a large number of Bermudians emigrate to before the American Revolution?

answer: the Southern United States

text: the Southern United States

question: Why does a third of the population spend time at sea?

answer: seafaring the only real industry

text: seafaring the only real industry

question: How many Bermudians emigrated during the American Revolution?

text: more than ten thousand

question: What area of Great Britain did more than ten thousand Bermudians emigrate to?

text: Southern

question: Who did Spain displace as the dominant European imperial power?

text: Great Britain

question: What was the main industry in the 18th century?

text: seafaring


text: The 20th century saw the arrival of Modernism, and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly by the Delaunays. Among his best-known works is Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro. Another great modernist painters/writers were Carlos Botelho and Almada Negreiros, friend to the poet Fernando Pessoa, who painted his (Pessoa's) portrait. He was deeply influenced by both Cubist and Futurist trends. Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego.

title: Portugal

title: Portugal

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: Modernism

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: it

text: came

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: Portuguese

text: painters

text: Amadeo

text: de

text: Souza

text: Cardoso

text: who

text: was

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: French

text: painters

text: particularly

text: by

text: the

text: Delaunays

text: Among

text: his

text: best

text: known

text: works

text: is

text: Canção

text: Popular

text: a

text: Russa

text: e

text: o

text: Fígaro

text: Another

text: great

text: modernist

text: painters

text: writers

text: were

text: Carlos

text: Botelho

text: and

text: Almada

text: Negreiros

text: friend

text: to

text: the

text: poet

text: Fernando

text: Pessoa

text: who

text: painted

text: his

text: Pessoa

text: 's

text: portrait

text: He

text: was

text: deeply

text: influenced

text: by

text: both

text: Cubist

text: and

text: Futurist

text: trends

text: Prominent

text: international

text: figures

text: in

text: visual

text: arts

text: nowadays

text: include

text: painters

text: Vieira

text: da

text: Silva

text: Júlio

text: Pomar

text: Helena

text: Almeida

text: Joana

text: Vasconcelos

text: Julião

text: Sarmento

text: and

text: Paula

text: Rego

question: In which century did Portugal see the arrival of Modernism?

answer: 20th century

text: 20th century

question: By what group was Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso most heavily influenced by?

answer: French painters, particularly by the Delaunays

text: French painters, particularly by the Delaunays

question: What is one of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso's best known works?

answer: Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro

text: Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro

question: Who are some of the most prominent modern visual artists in Portugal?

answer: Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego

text: Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego


text: ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequence of characters. Even more importantly, forward compatibility is ensured as software that recognizes only 7-bit ASCII characters as special and does not alter bytes with the highest bit set (as is often done to support 8-bit ASCII extensions such as ISO-8859-1) will preserve UTF-8 data unchanged.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: ASCII

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Unicode

text: character

text: set

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: symbols

text: so

text: the

text: ASCII

text: characters

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: numeric

text: codes

text: in

text: both

text: sets

text: This

text: allows

text: to

text: be

text: backward

text: compatible

text: with

text: ASCII

text: as

text: a

text: file

text: containing

text: only

text: ASCII

text: characters

text: is

text: identical

text: to

text: an

text: ASCII

text: file

text: containing

text: the

text: same

text: sequence

text: of

text: characters

text: Even

text: more

text: importantly

text: forward

text: compatibility

text: is

text: ensured

text: as

text: software

text: that

text: recognizes

text: only

text: ASCII

text: characters

text: as

text: special

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: alter

text: bytes

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: bit

text: set

text: as

text: is

text: often

text: done

text: to

text: support

text: ASCII

text: extensions

text: such

text: as

text: will

text: preserve

text: data

text: unchanged

question: ASCII was incorporated into what other character set?

answer: Unicode

text: Unicode

question: How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode?

answer: 128 symbols

text: 128 symbols

question: What set is backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII?

answer: UTF-8

question: ASCII was incorporated into what other extensions?

text: Unicode

question: How many of the symbols are the same in the end of the ASCII and Unicode?

text: 128 symbols

question: What set is backward with 128 symbols?

question: What was incorporated into the Unicode extensions?

text: ASCII

question: What is a UTF-8 file containing ISO-8859-1 identical to?


text: Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Although

text: he

text: began

text: his

text: tenure

text: as

text: governor

text: with

text: record

text: high

text: approval

text: ratings

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: in

text: December

text: he

text: left

text: office

text: with

text: a

text: record

text: low

text: only

text: one

text: percent

text: higher

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: Gray

text: Davis

text: 's

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: recalled

text: in

text: October

question: What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor?

answer: 89%

question: What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended?

answer: 23%


text: In July 1953, an armistice took effect with Korea divided along approximately the same boundary as in 1950. The armistice and boundary remain in effect today, with American soldiers stationed there to guarantee it. The armistice, concluded despite opposition from Secretary Dulles, South Korean President Syngman Rhee, and also within Eisenhower's party, has been described by biographer Ambrose as the greatest achievement of the administration. Eisenhower had the insight to realize that unlimited war in the nuclear age was unthinkable, and limited war unwinnable.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: July

text: an

text: armistice

text: took

text: effect

text: with

text: Korea

text: divided

text: along

text: approximately

text: the

text: same

text: boundary

text: as

text: in

text: The

text: armistice

text: and

text: boundary

text: remain

text: in

text: effect

text: today

text: with

text: American

text: soldiers

text: stationed

text: there

text: to

text: guarantee

text: it

text: The

text: armistice

text: concluded

text: despite

text: opposition

text: from

text: Secretary

text: Dulles

text: South

text: Korean

text: President

text: Syngman

text: Rhee

text: and

text: also

text: within

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: party

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: by

text: biographer

text: Ambrose

text: as

text: the

text: greatest

text: achievement

text: of

text: the

text: administration

text: Eisenhower

text: had

text: the

text: insight

text: to

text: realize

text: that

text: unlimited

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: nuclear

text: age

text: was

text: unthinkable

text: and

text: limited

text: war

text: unwinnable

question: The boundary line of what year formed the 1953 armistice line?

answer: 1950

question: In what month in 1953 did the armistice come into being?

answer: July

text: July

question: Who was the President of South Korea at the time of the armistice?

answer: Syngman Rhee

text: Syngman Rhee

question: What American official notably opposed the armistice?

answer: Secretary Dulles

text: Secretary Dulles

question: Who described the armistice as Eisenhower's greatest presidential accomplishment?

answer: Ambrose

text: Ambrose