text: Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, and The Jeff Beck Group. Cream, in songs like "I Feel Free" (1966) combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock and roll. From 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group. Dave Davies of The Kinks, Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones, Pete Townshend of The Who, Hendrix, Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing, feedback and distortion. The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and, with the track "Helter Skelter", attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic has described the "proto-metal roar" of "Helter Skelter," while Ian MacDonald argued that "their attempts at emulating the heavy style were without exception embarrassing."

title: Hard_rock

title: Hard_rock

text: Blues

text: rock

text: acts

text: that

text: pioneered

text: the

text: sound

text: included

text: Cream

text: The

text: Jimi

text: Hendrix

text: Experience

text: and

text: The

text: Jeff

text: Beck

text: Group

text: Cream

text: in

text: songs

text: like

text: I

text: Feel

text: Free

text: combined

text: blues

text: rock

text: with

text: pop

text: and

text: psychedelia

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: riffs

text: and

text: guitar

text: solos

text: of

text: Eric

text: Clapton

text: Jimi

text: Hendrix

text: produced

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: blues

text: influenced

text: psychedelic

text: rock

text: which

text: combined

text: elements

text: of

text: jazz

text: blues

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: From

text: Jeff

text: Beck

text: brought

text: lead

text: guitar

text: to

text: new

text: heights

text: of

text: technical

text: virtuosity

text: and

text: moved

text: blues

text: rock

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: heavy

text: rock

text: with

text: his

text: band

text: The

text: Jeff

text: Beck

text: Group

text: Dave

text: Davies

text: of

text: The

text: Kinks

text: Keith

text: Richards

text: of

text: The

text: Rolling

text: Stones

text: Pete

text: Townshend

text: of

text: The

text: Who

text: Hendrix

text: Clapton

text: and

text: Beck

text: all

text: pioneered

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: new

text: guitar

text: effects

text: like

text: phasing

text: feedback

text: and

text: distortion

text: The

text: Beatles

text: began

text: producing

text: songs

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: hard

text: rock

text: style

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: White

text: Album

text: in

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: track

text: Helter

text: Skelter

text: attempted

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: greater

text: level

text: of

text: noise

text: than

text: the

text: Who

text: Stephen

text: Thomas

text: Erlewine

text: of

text: AllMusic

text: has

text: described

text: the

text: proto

text: metal

text: roar

text: of

text: Helter

text: Skelter

text: while

text: Ian

text: MacDonald

text: argued

text: that

text: their

text: attempts

text: at

text: emulating

text: the

text: heavy

text: style

text: were

text: without

text: exception

text: embarrassing

question: Who was the guitarist for the band Cream?

answer: Eric Clapton

text: Eric Clapton

question: Who was the guitarist in the Kinks?

answer: Dave Davies

text: Dave Davies

question: Who played guitar in The Who?

answer: Pete Townshend

text: Pete Townshend

question: When did The White Album come out?

answer: 1968

question: Keith Richards is the guitarist of what band?

answer: The Rolling Stones

text: The Rolling Stones

question: Who was a hard rock act that pioneered the blues sound?

text: Jimi Hendrix

question: When did The Jeff Beck Group record I Feel Free?

question: Which artist combined blues rock and psychedelia leaving out elements of jazz?

text: Eric Clapton

question: Who produced a form of psychedelic-influenced blues?

text: Jimi Hendrix

question: What artist avoided the use of distortion and pioneered new guitar effects?

text: Jeff Beck


text: Catalan pronouns exhibit T–V distinction, like all other Romance languages (and most European languages, but not Modern English). This feature implies the use of a different set of second person pronouns for formality.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: Catalan

text: pronouns

text: exhibit

text: T

text: V

text: distinction

text: like

text: all

text: other

text: Romance

text: languages

text: and

text: most

text: European

text: languages

text: but

text: not

text: Modern

text: English

text: This

text: feature

text: implies

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: different

text: set

text: of

text: second

text: person

text: pronouns

text: for

text: formality

question: What is this distinction similar to?

answer: all other Romance languages

text: all other Romance languages

question: What modern language does not have a T-Y distinction?

answer: English

text: English

question: What does this imply the use an extra group of pronouns for?

answer: formality

text: formality


text: The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. The most notable of these were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877) and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country. Indian survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: The

text: first

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: post

text: established

text: in

text: Montana

text: was

text: Camp

text: Cooke

text: on

text: the

text: Missouri

text: River

text: in

text: to

text: protect

text: steamboat

text: traffic

text: going

text: to

text: Fort

text: Benton

text: Montana

text: More

text: than

text: a

text: dozen

text: additional

text: military

text: outposts

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Pressure

text: over

text: land

text: ownership

text: and

text: control

text: increased

text: due

text: to

text: discoveries

text: of

text: gold

text: in

text: various

text: parts

text: of

text: Montana

text: and

text: surrounding

text: states

text: Major

text: battles

text: occurred

text: in

text: Montana

text: during

text: Red

text: Cloud

text: 's

text: War

text: the

text: Great

text: Sioux

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Nez

text: Perce

text: War

text: and

text: in

text: conflicts

text: with

text: Piegan

text: Blackfeet

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: Marias

text: Massacre

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Little

text: Bighorn

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Hole

text: and

text: Battle

text: of

text: Bear

text: Paw

text: The

text: last

text: recorded

text: conflict

text: in

text: Montana

text: between

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: and

text: Native

text: Americans

text: occurred

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Crow

text: Agency

text: in

text: the

text: Big

text: Horn

text: country

text: Indian

text: survivors

text: who

text: had

text: signed

text: treaties

text: were

text: generally

text: required

text: to

text: move

text: onto

text: reservations

question: What was the name of the first US Army post?

answer: Camp Cooke

text: Camp Cooke

question: Where was Camp Cooke situated?

answer: on the Missouri River

text: on the Missouri River

question: What year was the Great Sioux War?

answer: 1876

question: What year did the Battle of Bear Paw happen?

answer: 1877


text: The boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton were included in Merseyside. In Greater Manchester the successor boroughs were Bury, Bolton, Manchester, Oldham (part), Rochdale, Salford, Tameside (part), Trafford (part) and Wigan. Warrington and Widnes, south of the new Merseyside/Greater Manchester border were added to the new non-metropolitan county of Cheshire. The urban districts of Barnoldswick and Earby, Bowland Rural District and the parishes of Bracewell and Brogden and Salterforth from Skipton Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire became part of the new Lancashire. One parish, Simonswood, was transferred from the borough of Knowsley in Merseyside to the district of West Lancashire in 1994. In 1998 Blackpool and Blackburn with Darwen became independent unitary authorities.

title: Lancashire

title: Lancashire

text: The

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: Knowsley

text: St

text: Helens

text: and

text: Sefton

text: were

text: included

text: in

text: Merseyside

text: In

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: the

text: successor

text: boroughs

text: were

text: Bury

text: Bolton

text: Manchester

text: Oldham

text: part

text: Rochdale

text: Salford

text: Tameside

text: part

text: Trafford

text: part

text: and

text: Wigan

text: Warrington

text: and

text: Widnes

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Merseyside

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: border

text: were

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: non

text: metropolitan

text: county

text: of

text: Cheshire

text: The

text: urban

text: districts

text: of

text: Barnoldswick

text: and

text: Earby

text: Bowland

text: Rural

text: District

text: and

text: the

text: parishes

text: of

text: Bracewell

text: and

text: Brogden

text: and

text: Salterforth

text: from

text: Skipton

text: Rural

text: District

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Riding

text: of

text: Yorkshire

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Lancashire

text: One

text: parish

text: Simonswood

text: was

text: transferred

text: from

text: the

text: borough

text: of

text: Knowsley

text: in

text: Merseyside

text: to

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: West

text: Lancashire

text: in

text: In

text: Blackpool

text: and

text: Blackburn

text: with

text: Darwen

text: became

text: independent

text: unitary

text: authorities

question: In what year did Blackpool and Blackburn become independent unitary authorities?

answer: 1998

question: In what year was Simonswood transferred from Knowsley to West Lancashire

answer: 1994

question: Which places were added to the new county of Cheshire?

answer: Warrington and Widnes

text: Warrington and Widnes

question: Where were the boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton included?

answer: Merseyside

text: Merseyside

question: Which parish was transferred from Knowsley to the district of West Lancashire?

answer: Simonswood

text: Simonswood

question: Besides Greater Manchester, to what other county was a part of Oldham incorporated into?

text: Lancashire

question: In what year was Liverpool made a part of Merseyside?

question: In what year was Skipton Rural District made part of Lancashire?

question: In addition to Greater Manchester, part of Tameside became a portion of what other county?

text: Merseyside

question: When was Sefton included as part of Merseyside?


text: The chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. English Heritage have funded a major programme of work on the chapter house, comprising repairs to the roof, gutters, stonework on the elevations and flying buttresses as well as repairs to the lead light.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: The

text: chapter

text: house

text: and

text: Pyx

text: Chamber

text: at

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: guardianship

text: of

text: English

text: Heritage

text: but

text: under

text: the

text: care

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: the

text: Dean

text: and

text: Chapter

text: of

text: Westminster

text: English

text: Heritage

text: have

text: funded

text: a

text: major

text: programme

text: of

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: chapter

text: house

text: comprising

text: repairs

text: to

text: the

text: roof

text: gutters

text: stonework

text: on

text: the

text: elevations

text: and

text: flying

text: buttresses

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: repairs

text: to

text: the

text: lead

text: light

question: The Pyx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?

answer: English Heritage

text: English Heritage

question: Who cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?

answer: the Dean and Chapter of Westminster

text: the Dean and Chapter of Westminster

question: English Heritage has funded what for the chapter house?

answer: repairs

text: repairs

question: The Pyx Chamber and chapter house aren't under guardianship of whom?

text: English Heritage

question: The Styx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?

text: English Heritage

question: Who no longer cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?

text: Dean and Chapter of Westminster

question: Who cares for and manages the Styx Chamber and chapter house?

text: the Dean and Chapter of Westminster

question: English Heritage has unfunded what for the chapter house?

text: repairs


text: With 120,000 students in London, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK. It includes four large multi-faculty universities – King's College London, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and UCL – and a number of smaller and more specialised institutions including Birkbeck, the Courtauld Institute of Art, Goldsmiths, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Institute of Education, the London Business School, the London School of Economics, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Royal Academy of Music, the Central School of Speech and Drama, the Royal Veterinary College and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Members of the University of London have their own admissions procedures, and some award their own degrees.

title: London

title: London

text: With

text: students

text: in

text: London

text: the

text: federal

text: University

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: contact

text: teaching

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: It

text: includes

text: four

text: large

text: multi

text: faculty

text: universities

text: King

text: 's

text: College

text: London

text: Queen

text: Mary

text: Royal

text: Holloway

text: and

text: UCL

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: smaller

text: and

text: more

text: specialised

text: institutions

text: including

text: Birkbeck

text: the

text: Courtauld

text: Institute

text: of

text: Art

text: Goldsmiths

text: Guildhall

text: School

text: of

text: Music

text: and

text: Drama

text: the

text: Institute

text: of

text: Education

text: the

text: London

text: Business

text: School

text: the

text: London

text: School

text: of

text: Economics

text: the

text: London

text: School

text: of

text: Hygiene

text: Tropical

text: Medicine

text: the

text: Royal

text: Academy

text: of

text: Music

text: the

text: Central

text: School

text: of

text: Speech

text: and

text: Drama

text: the

text: Royal

text: Veterinary

text: College

text: and

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Oriental

text: and

text: African

text: Studies

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: London

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: admissions

text: procedures

text: and

text: some

text: award

text: their

text: own

text: degrees

question: What school within the University of London would a student seeking a degree in the veterinary medicine likely attend?

answer: the Royal Veterinary College

text: the Royal Veterinary College

question: What major university is comprised of four multi-faculty universities and several schools specialized schools?

answer: University of London

text: University of London

question: From what school in London would a student receive an MBA?

answer: the London Business School

text: the London Business School

question: What is the average student population at the University of London?

answer: 120,000


text: Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: Pepsi

text: since

text: and

text: in

text: appeared

text: in

text: a

text: Gladiator

text: themed

text: commercial

text: with

text: Britney

text: Spears

text: Pink

text: and

text: Enrique

text: Iglesias

text: In

text: Beyoncé

text: signed

text: a

text: million

text: deal

text: to

text: endorse

text: Pepsi

text: The

text: Center

text: for

text: Science

text: in

text: the

text: Public

text: Interest

text: CSPINET

text: wrote

text: Beyoncé

text: an

text: open

text: letter

text: asking

text: her

text: to

text: reconsider

text: the

text: deal

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: unhealthiness

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: and

text: to

text: donate

text: the

text: proceeds

text: to

text: a

text: medical

text: organisation

text: Nevertheless

text: NetBase

text: found

text: that

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: campaign

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: talked

text: about

text: endorsement

text: in

text: April

text: with

text: a

text: per

text: cent

text: positive

text: audience

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: commercial

text: and

text: print

text: ads

question: Which soda company has Beyonce partnered with since 2002?

answer: Pepsi

text: Pepsi

question: Pepsi paid Beyonce how much in 2012 for her endorsement?

answer: 50 million

text: 50 million

question: Which organization wrote a letter to Beyonce after her Pepsi endorsement deal?

answer: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

text: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

question: What percentage of people were positive about Beyonce's endorsement of Pepsi?

answer: 70

question: When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments?

answer: 2002

question: Who was in the commercial with Beyonce in 2004?

answer: Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias

text: Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias

question: What did she agree to do for 50 million dollars in 2012?

answer: endorse Pepsi

text: endorse Pepsi

question: Who sent her a letter asking that she reconsider the Pepsi deal?

answer: Center for Science in the Public Interest

text: Center for Science in the Public Interest

question: What soft drink company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002?

answer: Pepsi

text: Pepsi

question: How much did Beyoncé get for a deal with a soft drink company in 2012?

answer: $50 million

text: $50 million

question: Who asked her to change her mind about the soft drink deal due to the nature of the product?

answer: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

text: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)

question: What organization discovered that the advertisements Beyoncé did for the soft drink company were 70% positive?

answer: NetBase

text: NetBase


text: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: HDI

text: is

text: a

text: composite

text: statistic

text: of

text: life

text: expectancy

text: education

text: and

text: income

text: per

text: capita

text: indicators

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: rank

text: countries

text: into

text: four

text: tiers

text: of

text: human

text: development

text: A

text: country

text: scores

text: higher

text: HDI

text: when

text: the

text: life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: birth

text: is

text: longer

text: the

text: education

text: period

text: is

text: longer

text: and

text: the

text: income

text: per

text: capita

text: is

text: higher

text: The

text: HDI

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Pakistani

text: economist

text: Mahbub

text: ul

text: Haq

text: often

text: framed

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: whether

text: people

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: and

text: do

text: desirable

text: things

text: in

text: their

text: life

text: and

text: was

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Programme

question: Which three statistics does the HDI compile?

answer: life expectancy, education, and income per capita

text: life expectancy, education, and income per capita

question: Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?

answer: longer

text: longer

question: Who developed the HDI?

answer: Mahbub ul Haq

text: Mahbub ul Haq

question: What entity publishes the HDI?

answer: United Nations Development Programme

text: United Nations Development Programme

question: Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?

answer: longer

text: longer

question: Which three statistics does the HDI ignore?

question: Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?

text: longer

question: Who rejected the HDI?

text: Mahbub ul Haq

question: What entity rejects the HDI?

text: United Nations Development Programme

question: Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?

text: longer


text: Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

title: Arsenal_F.C.

text: Widely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Highbury

text: Arsenal

text: Stadium

text: was

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: home

text: from

text: September

text: until

text: May

text: The

text: original

text: stadium

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: the

text: renowned

text: football

text: architect

text: Archibald

text: Leitch

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: design

text: common

text: to

text: many

text: football

text: grounds

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: covered

text: stand

text: and

text: three

text: open

text: air

text: banks

text: of

text: terracing

text: The

text: entire

text: stadium

text: was

text: given

text: a

text: massive

text: overhaul

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: Art

text: Deco

text: West

text: and

text: East

text: stands

text: were

text: constructed

text: opening

text: in

text: and

text: respectively

text: and

text: a

text: roof

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: Bank

text: terrace

text: which

text: was

text: bombed

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: not

text: restored

text: until

question: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?

answer: May 2006

text: May 2006

question: When did Arsenal Stadium at Highbury first become the club's home?

answer: September 1913

text: September 1913

question: What architect designed the original stadium at Highbury?

answer: Archibald Leitch

text: Archibald Leitch

question: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled?

answer: 1930s

question: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed?

answer: Second World War

text: Second World War

question: In which stadium has Arsenal played since 2006?

text: Highbury

question: Who designed Arsenal's new stadium, built in 2006?

text: Archibald Leitch

question: In what year was Highbury bombed?

question: In what month in 1913 did Highbury open?

text: September

question: In what month in 1936 did the Art Deco East stands finish being constructed?

text: September


text: The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being "African American". As a result, in the United States the term "black people" is not an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. Relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of "whiteness", and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for "blackness" in a particular setting.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: The

text: US

text: racial

text: or

text: ethnic

text: classification

text: black

text: refers

text: to

text: people

text: with

text: all

text: possible

text: kinds

text: of

text: skin

text: pigmentation

text: from

text: the

text: darkest

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: very

text: lightest

text: skin

text: colors

text: including

text: albinos

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: believed

text: by

text: others

text: to

text: have

text: West

text: African

text: ancestry

text: in

text: any

text: discernible

text: percentage

text: or

text: to

text: exhibit

text: cultural

text: traits

text: associated

text: with

text: being

text: African

text: American

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: people

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: indicator

text: of

text: skin

text: color

text: or

text: ethnic

text: origin

text: but

text: is

text: instead

text: a

text: socially

text: based

text: racial

text: classification

text: related

text: to

text: being

text: African

text: American

text: with

text: a

text: family

text: history

text: associated

text: with

text: institutionalized

text: slavery

text: Relatively

text: dark

text: skinned

text: people

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: white

text: if

text: they

text: fulfill

text: other

text: social

text: criteria

text: of

text: whiteness

text: and

text: relatively

text: light

text: skinned

text: people

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: black

text: if

text: they

text: fulfill

text: the

text: social

text: criteria

text: for

text: blackness

text: in

text: a

text: particular

text: setting

question: What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to?

answer: the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors

text: the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors

question: In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for?

answer: socially based racial classification related to being African American,

text: socially based racial classification related to being African American,

question: Where does the US base family history of African Americans from?

answer: a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.

text: a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.

question: How are people defined as "black" or "white"?

answer: they fulfill the social criteria

text: they fulfill the social criteria


text: Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart." Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend. He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all. Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches, which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Biographers

text: Blundy

text: and

text: Lycett

text: believed

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: populist

text: at

text: heart

text: Throughout

text: Libya

text: crowds

text: of

text: supporters

text: would

text: turn

text: up

text: to

text: public

text: events

text: at

text: which

text: he

text: appeared

text: described

text: as

text: spontaneous

text: demonstrations

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: there

text: are

text: recorded

text: instances

text: of

text: groups

text: being

text: coerced

text: or

text: paid

text: to

text: attend

text: He

text: was

text: typically

text: late

text: to

text: public

text: events

text: and

text: would

text: sometimes

text: not

text: show

text: up

text: at

text: all

text: Although

text: Bianco

text: thought

text: he

text: had

text: a

text: gift

text: for

text: oratory

text: he

text: was

text: considered

text: a

text: poor

text: orator

text: by

text: biographers

text: Blundy

text: and

text: Lycett

text: Biographer

text: Daniel

text: Kawczynski

text: noted

text: that

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: famed

text: for

text: his

text: lengthy

text: wandering

text: speeches

text: which

text: typically

text: involved

text: criticising

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

question: Who referred to Gaddafi as a populist?

answer: Blundy and Lycett

text: Blundy and Lycett

question: Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker?

answer: Bianco

text: Bianco

question: Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches?

answer: Daniel Kawczynski

text: Daniel Kawczynski


text: The MP3 lossy audio data compression algorithm takes advantage of a perceptual limitation of human hearing called auditory masking. In 1894, the American physicist Alfred M. Mayer reported that a tone could be rendered inaudible by another tone of lower frequency. In 1959, Richard Ehmer described a complete set of auditory curves regarding this phenomenon. Ernst Terhardt et al. created an algorithm describing auditory masking with high accuracy. This work added to a variety of reports from authors dating back to Fletcher, and to the work that initially determined critical ratios and critical bandwidths.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: The

text: lossy

text: audio

text: data

text: compression

text: algorithm

text: takes

text: advantage

text: of

text: a

text: perceptual

text: limitation

text: of

text: human

text: hearing

text: called

text: auditory

text: masking

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: physicist

text: Alfred

text: M.

text: Mayer

text: reported

text: that

text: a

text: tone

text: could

text: be

text: rendered

text: inaudible

text: by

text: another

text: tone

text: of

text: lower

text: frequency

text: In

text: Richard

text: Ehmer

text: described

text: a

text: complete

text: set

text: of

text: auditory

text: curves

text: regarding

text: this

text: phenomenon

text: Ernst

text: Terhardt

text: et

text: al

text: created

text: an

text: algorithm

text: describing

text: auditory

text: masking

text: with

text: high

text: accuracy

text: This

text: work

text: added

text: to

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: reports

text: from

text: authors

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: Fletcher

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: work

text: that

text: initially

text: determined

text: critical

text: ratios

text: and

text: critical

text: bandwidths

question: What does the MP3 compression take advantage of?

answer: perceptual limitation

text: perceptual limitation

question: What is the limitation in human hearing referred to as?

answer: auditory masking

text: auditory masking

question: Who was the physicist to report that a tone could be rendered inaudible.

answer: Alfred M. Mayer

text: Alfred M. Mayer

question: When were audio curves described by Richard Ehmer?

answer: 1959

question: The initial work was aimed at determining critical ratios and what else?

answer: critical bandwidths

text: critical bandwidths


text: People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, "He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: People

text: of

text: all

text: ages

text: and

text: social

text: statuses

text: were

text: depicted

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: age

text: Artists

text: such

text: as

text: Peiraikos

text: chose

text: mundane

text: and

text: lower

text: class

text: subjects

text: for

text: his

text: paintings

text: According

text: to

text: Pliny

text: He

text: painted

text: barbers

text: shops

text: cobblers

text: stalls

text: asses

text: eatables

text: and

text: similar

text: subjects

text: earning

text: for

text: himself

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: rhyparographos

text: painter

text: of

text: dirt

text: low

text: things

text: In

text: these

text: subjects

text: he

text: could

text: give

text: consummate

text: pleasure

text: selling

text: them

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: other

text: artists

text: received

text: for

text: their

text: large

text: pictures

text: Natural

text: History

text: Book

text: Even

text: barbarians

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Galatians

text: were

text: depicted

text: in

text: heroic

text: form

text: prefiguring

text: the

text: artistic

text: theme

text: of

text: the

text: noble

text: savage

text: The

text: image

text: of

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: important

text: artistic

text: theme

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: diadochi

text: had

text: themselves

text: depicted

text: imitating

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: youthful

text: look

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: works

text: of

text: Greek

text: sculpture

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: including

text: Laocoön

text: and

text: his

text: Sons

text: Venus

text: de

text: Milo

text: and

text: the

text: Winged

text: Victory

text: of

text: Samothrace

question: Which artist chose mundane and low class subjects?

answer: Peiraikos

text: Peiraikos

question: Which barbarians were depicted in heroic form?

answer: Galatians

text: Galatians

question: All of the diadochi painted themselves to look like what leader?

answer: Alexander the Great

text: Alexander the Great

question: Venus de Milo belongs to which period?

answer: Hellenistic

text: Hellenistic


text: Many television shows and films have been produced which portray in-character professional wrestlers as protagonists, such as Ready to Rumble, ¡Mucha Lucha!, Nacho Libre, and the Santo film series. In the wildly popular Rocky series of films about the fictional boxer Rocky Balboa, Rocky III saw its hero fighting a "boxer vs. wrestler" exhibition match against the enormous and villainous wrestler "Thunderlips", portrayed by real-life soon-to-be wrestling icon Hulk Hogan. At least two stage plays set in the world of pro wrestling have been produced: The Baron is a comedy that retells the life of an actual performer known as Baron von Raschke. From Parts Unknown... is an award-nominated Canadian drama about the rise and fall of a fictional wrestler. The 2009 South Park episode "W.T.F." played on the soap operatic elements of professional wrestling. One of the lead characters on the Disney Channel series Kim Possible was a huge fan of pro wrestling and actually featured it on an episode (with two former WWE wrestlers voicing the two fictitious wrestlers featured in the episode). The 2008 film The Wrestler, about a washed-up professional wrestler, garnered several Oscar nominations.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: Many

text: television

text: shows

text: and

text: films

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: which

text: portray

text: in

text: character

text: professional

text: wrestlers

text: as

text: protagonists

text: such

text: as

text: Ready

text: to

text: Rumble

text: Mucha

text: Lucha

text: Nacho

text: Libre

text: and

text: the

text: Santo

text: film

text: series

text: In

text: the

text: wildly

text: popular

text: Rocky

text: series

text: of

text: films

text: about

text: the

text: fictional

text: boxer

text: Rocky

text: Balboa

text: Rocky

text: III

text: saw

text: its

text: hero

text: fighting

text: a

text: boxer

text: vs.

text: wrestler

text: exhibition

text: match

text: against

text: the

text: enormous

text: and

text: villainous

text: wrestler

text: Thunderlips

text: portrayed

text: by

text: real

text: life

text: soon

text: to

text: be

text: wrestling

text: icon

text: Hulk

text: Hogan

text: At

text: least

text: two

text: stage

text: plays

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: pro

text: wrestling

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: The

text: Baron

text: is

text: a

text: comedy

text: that

text: retells

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: an

text: actual

text: performer

text: known

text: as

text: Baron

text: von

text: Raschke

text: From

text: Parts

text: Unknown

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: nominated

text: Canadian

text: drama

text: about

text: the

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: of

text: a

text: fictional

text: wrestler

text: The

text: South

text: Park

text: episode

text: W.T.F.

text: played

text: on

text: the

text: soap

text: operatic

text: elements

text: of

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: lead

text: characters

text: on

text: the

text: Disney

text: Channel

text: series

text: Kim

text: Possible

text: was

text: a

text: huge

text: fan

text: of

text: pro

text: wrestling

text: and

text: actually

text: featured

text: it

text: on

text: an

text: episode

text: with

text: two

text: former

text: WWE

text: wrestlers

text: voicing

text: the

text: two

text: fictitious

text: wrestlers

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: episode

text: The

text: film

text: The

text: Wrestler

text: about

text: a

text: washed

text: up

text: professional

text: wrestler

text: garnered

text: several

text: Oscar

text: nominations

question: Name a popular series of boxing films?

answer: Rocky series

text: Rocky series

question: Who is the movie The Baron about?

answer: Baron von Raschke

text: Baron von Raschke

question: What episode of South Park dealt with wrestling?

answer: "W.T.F."

text: "W.T.F."

question: What critically acclaimed wrestling film came out in 2008?

answer: The Wrestler

text: The Wrestler

question: Many of what forms of entertainment have portrayed wrestlers?

answer: television shows and films

text: television shows and films


text: Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983. Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship. In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams, causing damage of reputation to Austria, where the death penalty has been abolished since 1968. This demand was based on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act that states: "A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic." Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: Schwarzenegger

text: became

text: a

text: naturalized

text: U.S.

text: citizen

text: on

text: September

text: Shortly

text: before

text: he

text: gained

text: his

text: citizenship

text: he

text: asked

text: the

text: Austrian

text: authorities

text: for

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: keep

text: his

text: Austrian

text: citizenship

text: as

text: Austria

text: does

text: not

text: usually

text: allow

text: dual

text: citizenship

text: His

text: request

text: was

text: granted

text: and

text: he

text: retained

text: his

text: Austrian

text: citizenship

text: In

text: Peter

text: Pilz

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Parliament

text: from

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Green

text: Party

text: demanded

text: that

text: Parliament

text: revoke

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: Austrian

text: citizenship

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: decision

text: not

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: executions

text: of

text: Donald

text: Beardslee

text: and

text: Stanley

text: Williams

text: causing

text: damage

text: of

text: reputation

text: to

text: Austria

text: where

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: has

text: been

text: abolished

text: since

text: This

text: demand

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Citizenship

text: Act

text: that

text: states

text: A

text: citizen

text: who

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: service

text: of

text: a

text: foreign

text: country

text: shall

text: be

text: deprived

text: of

text: his

text: citizenship

text: if

text: he

text: heavily

text: damages

text: the

text: reputation

text: or

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Republic

text: Pilz

text: claimed

text: that

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: actions

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: prohibited

text: in

text: Austria

text: under

text: Protocol

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Convention

text: on

text: Human

text: Rights

text: had

text: indeed

text: done

text: damage

text: to

text: Austria

text: 's

text: reputation

text: Schwarzenegger

text: explained

text: his

text: actions

text: by

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: his

text: only

text: duty

text: as

text: Governor

text: of

text: California

text: was

text: to

text: prevent

text: an

text: error

text: in

text: the

text: judicial

text: system

question: What year did Austria outlaw the death penalty?

answer: 1968

question: Which member of Austrian parliament wanted Schwarzenegger to lose his Austrian citizenship?

answer: Peter Pilz

text: Peter Pilz


text: Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Many families were multiracial. Similar laws had been proposed but not passed in the late nineteenth century in South Carolina and Virginia, for instance. After regaining political power in Southern states by disenfranchising blacks, white Democrats passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation to restore white supremacy. They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Racial

text: discrimination

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: enacted

text: in

text: new

text: laws

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: one

text: drop

text: rule

text: was

text: enacted

text: in

text: Virginia

text: 's

text: Racial

text: Integrity

text: Law

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: southern

text: states

text: in

text: part

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: eugenics

text: and

text: ideas

text: of

text: racial

text: purity

text: People

text: buried

text: fading

text: memories

text: that

text: many

text: whites

text: had

text: multiracial

text: ancestry

text: Many

text: families

text: were

text: multiracial

text: Similar

text: laws

text: had

text: been

text: proposed

text: but

text: not

text: passed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: in

text: South

text: Carolina

text: and

text: Virginia

text: for

text: instance

text: After

text: regaining

text: political

text: power

text: in

text: Southern

text: states

text: by

text: disenfranchising

text: blacks

text: white

text: Democrats

text: passed

text: laws

text: to

text: impose

text: Jim

text: Crow

text: and

text: racial

text: segregation

text: to

text: restore

text: white

text: supremacy

text: They

text: maintained

text: these

text: until

text: forced

text: to

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: after

text: by

text: enforcement

text: of

text: federal

text: legislation

text: authorizing

text: oversight

text: of

text: practices

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: constitutional

text: rights

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: and

text: other

text: minority

text: citizens

question: Who are blamed in this paragraph for Jim Crow laws?

answer: white Democrats

text: white Democrats

question: When did Virginia add the one drop rule to their laws?

answer: 1924

question: What fact was ignored by enacting one-drop rule laws?

answer: that many whites had multiracial ancestry.

text: that many whites had multiracial ancestry.

question: Why were laws limiting people of color passed?

answer: to restore white supremacy

text: to restore white supremacy

question: What had popularity in the early 20th century that caused rising racial discrimination?

answer: eugenics and ideas of racial purity

text: eugenics and ideas of racial purity

question: What continued to be enacted in new laws in the 21st century?

text: Racial discrimination

question: What state enacted the two-drop rule?

text: Virginia

question: What kind of laws had been proposed and passed in the late 19th century in South Carolina?

text: Similar

question: Who gained political power in the south by enfranchising blacks?

text: white Democrats

question: In what years did democrats pass laws to impose Jim Crow?


text: Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. His selection was unexpected, and Roncalli himself had come to Rome with a return train ticket to Venice. He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in more than 500 years, and his choice settled the complicated question of official numbering attached to this papal name due to the antipope of this name. Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling the historic Second Vatican Council (1962–65), the first session opening on 11 October 1962. His passionate views on equality were summed up in his famous statement, "We were all made in God's image, and thus, we are all Godly alike." John XXIII made many passionate speeches during his pontificate, one of which was on the day that he opened the Second Vatican Council in the middle of the night to the crowd gathered in St. Peter's Square: "Dear children, returning home, you will find children: give your children a hug and say: This is a hug from the Pope!"

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: Roncalli

text: was

text: elected

text: pope

text: on

text: October

text: at

text: age

text: after

text: ballots

text: His

text: selection

text: was

text: unexpected

text: and

text: Roncalli

text: himself

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: Rome

text: with

text: a

text: return

text: train

text: ticket

text: to

text: Venice

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: pope

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: pontifical

text: name

text: of

text: John

text: upon

text: election

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: and

text: his

text: choice

text: settled

text: the

text: complicated

text: question

text: of

text: official

text: numbering

text: attached

text: to

text: this

text: papal

text: name

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: antipope

text: of

text: this

text: name

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: surprised

text: those

text: who

text: expected

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: caretaker

text: pope

text: by

text: calling

text: the

text: historic

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: the

text: first

text: session

text: opening

text: on

text: October

text: His

text: passionate

text: views

text: on

text: equality

text: were

text: summed

text: up

text: in

text: his

text: famous

text: statement

text: We

text: were

text: all

text: made

text: in

text: God

text: 's

text: image

text: and

text: thus

text: we

text: are

text: all

text: Godly

text: alike

text: John

text: XXIII

text: made

text: many

text: passionate

text: speeches

text: during

text: his

text: pontificate

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: that

text: he

text: opened

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: night

text: to

text: the

text: crowd

text: gathered

text: in

text: St.

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Square

text: Dear

text: children

text: returning

text: home

text: you

text: will

text: find

text: children

text: give

text: your

text: children

text: a

text: hug

text: and

text: say

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: hug

text: from

text: the

text: Pope

question: How old was Roncalli when elected pope?

answer: 76

question: When was Roncalli elected pope?

answer: 28 October 1958

text: 28 October 1958

question: He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in how long?

answer: 500 years

text: 500 years

question: Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling what?

answer: Second Vatican Council

text: Second Vatican Council

question: When did he call the Second Vatican Council?

answer: 11 October 1962

text: 11 October 1962

question: When was St. Peter's Square built?

text: 28 October 1958

question: When the Second Vatican Council came to Rome what did they plan to return to?

text: to Venice

question: How long has there been a Pope in Rome?

text: more than 500 years

question: What did God expect the Pope to be?

text: a caretaker pope

question: What did the crowd gathered at St. Peter's Square think the Pope's name choice settled?


text: A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008. Tuvalu first participated in the Pacific Games in 1978 and in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, when a weightlifter attended the games held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two table tennis players attended the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England; Tuvalu entered competitors in shooting, table tennis and weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia; three athletes participated in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, entering the discus, shot put and weightlifting events; and a team of 3 weightlifters and 2 table tennis players attended the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Tuvaluan athletes have also participated in the men's and women's 100 metre sprints at the World Championships in Athletics from 2009.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: A

text: major

text: sporting

text: event

text: is

text: the

text: Independence

text: Day

text: Sports

text: Festival

text: held

text: annually

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: sports

text: event

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: arguably

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Games

text: which

text: are

text: held

text: yearly

text: since

text: Tuvalu

text: first

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Games

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: when

text: a

text: weightlifter

text: attended

text: the

text: games

text: held

text: at

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: Malaysia

text: Two

text: table

text: tennis

text: players

text: attended

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Manchester

text: England

text: Tuvalu

text: entered

text: competitors

text: in

text: shooting

text: table

text: tennis

text: and

text: weightlifting

text: at

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: Australia

text: three

text: athletes

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Delhi

text: India

text: entering

text: the

text: discus

text: shot

text: put

text: and

text: weightlifting

text: events

text: and

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: weightlifters

text: and

text: table

text: tennis

text: players

text: attended

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: in

text: Glasgow

text: Tuvaluan

text: athletes

text: have

text: also

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: metre

text: sprints

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: in

text: Athletics

text: from

question: What is a major annual sports event in Tuvalu?

answer: Independence Day Sports Festival

text: Independence Day Sports Festival

question: What is the most important sports event held on Tuvalu?

answer: Tuvalu Games

text: Tuvalu Games

question: In what year did Tuvalu first appear in the Commonwealth Games?

answer: 1998

question: What type of competitor entered the commonwealth Games in 1998?

answer: weightlifter

text: weightlifter

question: What competitions have Tuvalu athletes entered in the World Championships in Athletics?

answer: 100 metre sprints

text: 100 metre sprints


text: DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur.:7.6 The error rate in eukaryotic cells can be as low as 10−8 per nucleotide per replication, whereas for some RNA viruses it can be as high as 10−3. This means that each generation, each human genome accumulates 1–2 new mutations. Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted. Either of these mutations can change the gene by missense (change a codon to encode a different amino acid) or nonsense (a premature stop codon). Larger mutations can be caused by errors in recombination to cause chromosomal abnormalities including the duplication, deletion, rearrangement or inversion of large sections of a chromosome. Additionally, the DNA repair mechanisms that normally revert mutations can introduce errors when repairing the physical damage to the molecule is more important than restoring an exact copy, for example when repairing double-strand breaks.:5.4

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: DNA

text: replication

text: is

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: extremely

text: accurate

text: however

text: errors

text: mutations

text: do

text: The

text: error

text: rate

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: can

text: be

text: as

text: low

text: as

text: per

text: nucleotide

text: per

text: replication

text: whereas

text: for

text: some

text: RNA

text: viruses

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: each

text: generation

text: each

text: human

text: genome

text: accumulates

text: new

text: mutations

text: Small

text: mutations

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: DNA

text: replication

text: and

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: DNA

text: damage

text: and

text: include

text: point

text: mutations

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: single

text: base

text: is

text: altered

text: and

text: frameshift

text: mutations

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: single

text: base

text: is

text: inserted

text: or

text: deleted

text: Either

text: of

text: these

text: mutations

text: can

text: change

text: the

text: gene

text: by

text: missense

text: change

text: a

text: codon

text: to

text: encode

text: a

text: different

text: amino

text: acid

text: or

text: nonsense

text: a

text: premature

text: stop

text: codon

text: Larger

text: mutations

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: errors

text: in

text: recombination

text: to

text: cause

text: chromosomal

text: abnormalities

text: including

text: the

text: duplication

text: deletion

text: rearrangement

text: or

text: inversion

text: of

text: large

text: sections

text: of

text: a

text: chromosome

text: Additionally

text: the

text: DNA

text: repair

text: mechanisms

text: that

text: normally

text: revert

text: mutations

text: can

text: introduce

text: errors

text: when

text: repairing

text: the

text: physical

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: molecule

text: is

text: more

text: important

text: than

text: restoring

text: an

text: exact

text: copy

text: for

text: example

text: when

text: repairing

text: double

text: strand

question: What is it called when errors occur in DNA replication?

answer: mutations

text: mutations

question: What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells?

answer: 10−8 per nucleotide per replication

text: 10−8 per nucleotide per replication

question: What is the highest error rate that can occur for some RNA viruses?

answer: 10−3

question: What can small mutations be caused by?

answer: DNA replication

text: DNA replication

question: What can larger mutations be caused by?

answer: errors in recombination

text: errors in recombination


text: Roman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted into Christian churches and city walls remained in use. In Northern Europe, cities also shrank, while civic monuments and other public buildings were raided for building materials. The establishment of new kingdoms often meant some growth for the towns chosen as capitals. Although there had been Jewish communities in many Roman cities, the Jews suffered periods of persecution after the conversion of the empire to Christianity. Officially they were tolerated, if subject to conversion efforts, and at times were even encouraged to settle in new areas.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Roman

text: city

text: life

text: and

text: culture

text: changed

text: greatly

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Although

text: Italian

text: cities

text: remained

text: inhabited

text: they

text: contracted

text: significantly

text: in

text: size

text: Rome

text: for

text: instance

text: shrank

text: from

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: to

text: around

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Roman

text: temples

text: were

text: converted

text: into

text: Christian

text: churches

text: and

text: city

text: walls

text: remained

text: in

text: use

text: In

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: cities

text: also

text: shrank

text: while

text: civic

text: monuments

text: and

text: other

text: public

text: buildings

text: were

text: raided

text: for

text: building

text: materials

text: The

text: establishment

text: of

text: new

text: kingdoms

text: often

text: meant

text: some

text: growth

text: for

text: the

text: towns

text: chosen

text: as

text: capitals

text: Although

text: there

text: had

text: been

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: in

text: many

text: Roman

text: cities

text: the

text: Jews

text: suffered

text: periods

text: of

text: persecution

text: after

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: to

text: Christianity

text: Officially

text: they

text: were

text: tolerated

text: if

text: subject

text: to

text: conversion

text: efforts

text: and

text: at

text: times

text: were

text: even

text: encouraged

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: new

text: areas

question: About how many people lived in Rome at the end of the 500s?

answer: 30,000

question: What new use was found for Roman temples?

answer: Christian churches

text: Christian churches

question: What group was notably persecuted after the Roman Empire converted to Christianity?

answer: Jews

text: Jews


text: Very deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment would develop in large groups. The government saw the Communist Party's leading role in advocating for building deep shelters as an attempt to damage civilian morale, especially after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939.:34

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: Very

text: deeply

text: buried

text: shelters

text: provided

text: the

text: most

text: protection

text: against

text: a

text: direct

text: hit

text: The

text: government

text: did

text: not

text: build

text: them

text: for

text: large

text: populations

text: before

text: the

text: war

text: because

text: of

text: cost

text: time

text: to

text: build

text: and

text: fears

text: that

text: their

text: very

text: safety

text: would

text: cause

text: occupants

text: to

text: refuse

text: to

text: leave

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: work

text: or

text: that

text: anti

text: war

text: sentiment

text: would

text: develop

text: in

text: large

text: groups

text: The

text: government

text: saw

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: 's

text: leading

text: role

text: in

text: advocating

text: for

text: building

text: deep

text: shelters

text: as

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: damage

text: civilian

text: morale

text: especially

text: after

text: the

text: Molotov

text: Ribbentrop

text: Pact

text: of

text: August

question: What kind of sentiment did the government fear would developed in large group shelters?

answer: anti-war

text: anti-war

question: Who did the government see as a leading advocate for building deep shelters?

answer: the Communist Party's

text: the Communist Party's

question: What was the name of the Pact of August 1939?

answer: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

text: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact


text: Various theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Some believe that after first contacts with Europeans and Africans, Old World diseases caused the death of 90 to 95% of the native population of the New World in the following 150 years. Smallpox killed up to one third of the native population of Hispaniola in 1518. By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac, smallpox caused the Inca Civil War. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria in 1614, measles in 1618—all ravaged the remains of Inca culture.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Various

text: theories

text: for

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Native

text: American

text: populations

text: emphasize

text: epidemic

text: diseases

text: conflicts

text: with

text: Europeans

text: and

text: conflicts

text: among

text: warring

text: tribes

text: Scholars

text: now

text: believe

text: that

text: among

text: the

text: various

text: contributing

text: factors

text: epidemic

text: disease

text: was

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: natives

text: Some

text: believe

text: that

text: after

text: first

text: contacts

text: with

text: Europeans

text: and

text: Africans

text: Old

text: World

text: diseases

text: caused

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: years

text: Smallpox

text: killed

text: up

text: to

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: population

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: in

text: By

text: killing

text: the

text: Incan

text: ruler

text: Huayna

text: Capac

text: smallpox

text: caused

text: the

text: Inca

text: Civil

text: War

text: Smallpox

text: was

text: only

text: the

text: first

text: epidemic

text: Typhus

text: probably

text: in

text: influenza

text: and

text: smallpox

text: together

text: in

text: smallpox

text: again

text: in

text: diphtheria

text: in

text: measles

text: in

text: ravaged

text: the

text: remains

text: of

text: Inca

text: culture

question: What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations?

answer: epidemic disease

text: epidemic disease

question: Old World diseases accounted for up to what percentage of deaths among the native New World population?

answer: 90 to 95%

text: 90 to 95%

question: How long did it take for the Old World diseases to decimate the native population to the extent it did?

answer: 150 years

text: 150 years

question: What disease killed almost a third of the population of Hispaniola in 1518?

answer: Smallpox

text: Smallpox

question: How did smallpox cause the Inca Civil War?

answer: By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac

text: By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac


text: Sheriff Tate arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight. The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of charging Jem (whom Atticus believes to be responsible) or Boo (whom Tate believes to be responsible). Atticus eventually accepts the sheriff's story that Ewell simply fell on his own knife. Boo asks Scout to walk him home, and after she says goodbye to him at his front door he disappears again. While standing on the Radley porch, Scout imagines life from Boo's perspective, and regrets that they had never repaid him for the gifts he had given them.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Sheriff

text: Tate

text: arrives

text: and

text: discovers

text: that

text: Bob

text: Ewell

text: has

text: died

text: during

text: the

text: fight

text: The

text: sheriff

text: argues

text: with

text: Atticus

text: about

text: the

text: prudence

text: and

text: ethics

text: of

text: charging

text: Jem

text: whom

text: Atticus

text: believes

text: to

text: be

text: responsible

text: or

text: Boo

text: whom

text: Tate

text: believes

text: to

text: be

text: responsible

text: Atticus

text: eventually

text: accepts

text: the

text: sheriff

text: 's

text: story

text: that

text: Ewell

text: simply

text: fell

text: on

text: his

text: own

text: knife

text: Boo

text: asks

text: Scout

text: to

text: walk

text: him

text: home

text: and

text: after

text: she

text: says

text: goodbye

text: to

text: him

text: at

text: his

text: front

text: door

text: he

text: disappears

text: again

text: While

text: standing

text: on

text: the

text: Radley

text: porch

text: Scout

text: imagines

text: life

text: from

text: Boo

text: 's

text: perspective

text: and

text: regrets

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: never

text: repaid

text: him

text: for

text: the

text: gifts

text: he

text: had

text: given

text: them

question: What was the name of the police officer who discovered Bob Ewell's body?

answer: Sheriff Tate

text: Sheriff Tate

question: According to Sheriff Tate's story, how did Ewell die?

answer: fell on his own knife

text: fell on his own knife


text: Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology.

title: Phonology

title: Phonology

text: Natural

text: phonology

text: is

text: a

text: theory

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: publications

text: of

text: its

text: proponent

text: David

text: Stampe

text: in

text: and

text: more

text: explicitly

text: in

text: In

text: this

text: view

text: phonology

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: universal

text: phonological

text: processes

text: that

text: interact

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: which

text: ones

text: are

text: active

text: and

text: which

text: are

text: suppressed

text: is

text: language

text: specific

text: Rather

text: than

text: acting

text: on

text: segments

text: phonological

text: processes

text: act

text: on

text: distinctive

text: features

text: within

text: prosodic

text: groups

text: Prosodic

text: groups

text: can

text: be

text: as

text: small

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: syllable

text: or

text: as

text: large

text: as

text: an

text: entire

text: utterance

text: Phonological

text: processes

text: are

text: unordered

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: apply

text: simultaneously

text: though

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: one

text: process

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: input

text: to

text: another

text: The

text: second

text: most

text: prominent

text: natural

text: phonologist

text: is

text: Patricia

text: Donegan

text: Stampe

text: 's

text: wife

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: natural

text: phonologists

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: such

text: as

text: Geoffrey

text: Nathan

text: The

text: principles

text: of

text: natural

text: phonology

text: were

text: extended

text: to

text: morphology

text: by

text: Wolfgang

text: U.

text: Dressler

text: who

text: founded

text: natural

text: morphology

question: Whose publications started the theory of Natural phonology?

answer: David Stampe

text: David Stampe

question: According to Stampe what is phonology based on?

answer: a set of universal phonological processes

text: a set of universal phonological processes

question: Aside from being active what other condition can the universal phonological processes exist in?

answer: suppressed

text: suppressed

question: Who is the number two natural phonologist?

answer: Patricia Donegan

text: Patricia Donegan

question: Who was the founder of natural morphology?

answer: Wolfgang U. Dressler

text: Wolfgang U. Dressler

question: Whose publications started the theory of universal input?

text: David Stampe

question: According to Stampe what is universal input based on?

question: Aside from being active what other condition can the natural morphology exist in?

text: suppressed

question: Who is the number two universal processor?

text: Patricia Donegan

question: Who was the founder of active utterance?

text: Wolfgang U. Dressler


text: Pennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, resulting in the need for medical treatment to remove the foreign body. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting and diarrhea are possible symptoms. Zinc is highly toxic in parrots and poisoning can often be fatal. The consumption of fruit juices stored in galvanized cans has resulted in mass parrot poisonings with zinc.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Pennies

text: and

text: other

text: small

text: coins

text: are

text: sometimes

text: ingested

text: by

text: dogs

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: medical

text: treatment

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: foreign

text: body

text: The

text: zinc

text: content

text: of

text: some

text: coins

text: can

text: cause

text: zinc

text: toxicity

text: which

text: is

text: commonly

text: fatal

text: in

text: dogs

text: where

text: it

text: causes

text: a

text: severe

text: hemolytic

text: anemia

text: and

text: also

text: liver

text: or

text: kidney

text: damage

text: vomiting

text: and

text: diarrhea

text: are

text: possible

text: symptoms

text: Zinc

text: is

text: highly

text: toxic

text: in

text: parrots

text: and

text: poisoning

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: fatal

text: The

text: consumption

text: of

text: fruit

text: juices

text: stored

text: in

text: galvanized

text: cans

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: mass

text: parrot

text: poisonings

text: with

text: zinc

question: What are dogs known to ingest?

answer: Pennies

text: Pennies

question: What does the zinc coins ingested by dogs cause?

answer: zinc toxicity

text: zinc toxicity

question: In what animal is zinc toxic to the point of poisonous?

answer: parrots

text: parrots

question: What has been a cause of mass parrot poisonings attributed to zinc?

answer: juices stored in galvanized cans

text: juices stored in galvanized cans

question: What are dogs unknown to ingest?

text: Pennies

question: What does the chocolate coins ingested by dogs cause?

text: zinc toxicity

question: What animal is zinc beneficial to the point of miracles?

text: parrots

question: What has been a cause of mass rat poisonings attributed to zinc?

text: juices stored in galvanized cans

question: Why do pennies and other small coins help to heal when ingested by dogs?

text: zinc toxicity


text: Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time. Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not. Pickford's group was successful in spite of her lack of departmental or institutional position or power. Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools. Hutchinson's example shows that new models for research groups are needed, especially for those that include extensive field research.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Slack

text: compares

text: three

text: groups

text: that

text: conducted

text: biological

text: research

text: at

text: Yale

text: during

text: overlapping

text: periods

text: between

text: and

text: Yale

text: proved

text: important

text: as

text: a

text: site

text: for

text: this

text: research

text: The

text: leaders

text: of

text: these

text: groups

text: were

text: Ross

text: Granville

text: Harrison

text: Grace

text: E.

text: Pickford

text: and

text: G.

text: Evelyn

text: Hutchinson

text: and

text: their

text: members

text: included

text: both

text: graduate

text: students

text: and

text: more

text: experienced

text: scientists

text: All

text: produced

text: innovative

text: research

text: including

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: new

text: subfields

text: in

text: embryology

text: endocrinology

text: and

text: ecology

text: respectively

text: over

text: a

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: Harrison

text: 's

text: group

text: is

text: shown

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: a

text: classic

text: research

text: school

text: Pickford

text: 's

text: and

text: Hutchinson

text: 's

text: were

text: not

text: Pickford

text: 's

text: group

text: was

text: successful

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: her

text: lack

text: of

text: departmental

text: or

text: institutional

text: position

text: or

text: power

text: Hutchinson

text: and

text: his

text: graduate

text: and

text: postgraduate

text: students

text: were

text: extremely

text: productive

text: but

text: in

text: diverse

text: areas

text: of

text: ecology

text: rather

text: than

text: one

text: focused

text: area

text: of

text: research

text: or

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: one

text: set

text: of

text: research

text: tools

text: Hutchinson

text: 's

text: example

text: shows

text: that

text: new

text: models

text: for

text: research

text: groups

text: are

text: needed

text: especially

text: for

text: those

text: that

text: include

text: extensive

text: field

text: research

question: Which group of researchers provided a standard research school environment?

answer: Harrison's group

text: Harrison's group

question: Which groups of researchers provided unorthodox structure for a research group?

answer: Pickford's and Hutchinson's

text: Pickford's and Hutchinson's

question: What was Pickford's group lacking to make it more like other research schools?

answer: departmental or institutional position or power

text: departmental or institutional position or power

question: What did Hutchinson's group research?

answer: diverse areas of ecology

text: diverse areas of ecology

question: What information did Hutchinson's model provide?

answer: new models for research groups are needed

text: new models for research groups are needed

question: Which group of researchers provided a nonstandard research school environment?

text: Harrison's group

question: Which groups of researchers provided orthodox structure for a research group?

text: Pickford's and Hutchinson's

question: What was Pickford's group lacking to make it less like other research schools?

question: What didn't Hutchinson's group research?

text: diverse areas of ecology

question: What information didn't Hutchinson's model provide?


text: Two chains of DNA twist around each other to form a DNA double helix with the phosphate-sugar backbone spiralling around the outside, and the bases pointing inwards with adenine base pairing to thymine and guanine to cytosine. The specificity of base pairing occurs because adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary, with their sequence of bases matching such that the adenines of one strand are paired with the thymines of the other strand, and so on.:4.1

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: Two

text: chains

text: of

text: DNA

text: twist

text: around

text: each

text: other

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: DNA

text: double

text: helix

text: with

text: the

text: phosphate

text: sugar

text: backbone

text: spiralling

text: around

text: the

text: outside

text: and

text: the

text: bases

text: pointing

text: inwards

text: with

text: adenine

text: base

text: pairing

text: to

text: thymine

text: and

text: guanine

text: to

text: cytosine

text: The

text: specificity

text: of

text: base

text: pairing

text: occurs

text: because

text: adenine

text: and

text: thymine

text: align

text: form

text: two

text: hydrogen

text: bonds

text: whereas

text: cytosine

text: and

text: guanine

text: form

text: three

text: hydrogen

text: bonds

text: The

text: two

text: strands

text: in

text: a

text: double

text: helix

text: must

text: therefore

text: be

text: complementary

text: with

text: their

text: sequence

text: of

text: bases

text: matching

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: adenines

text: of

text: one

text: strand

text: are

text: paired

text: with

text: the

text: thymines

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: strand

text: and

text: so

question: What is the backbone of a DNA double helix made of?

answer: phosphate-sugar

text: phosphate-sugar

question: What base pairs with thymine?

answer: adenine

text: adenine

question: What base does guanine pair with?

answer: cytosine

text: cytosine

question: What causes the specificity of base pairing?

answer: adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds

text: adenine and thymine align form two hydrogen bonds, whereas cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds

question: Due to the cause of the specificity of base pairing, what must be true of the two strands in a double helix?

answer: The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary

text: The two strands in a double helix must therefore be complementary


text: The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel, and a number of court cases have arisen as a result. An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position. In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.

title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: TV

text: rights

text: agreement

text: between

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: Sky

text: has

text: faced

text: accusations

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: cartel

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: court

text: cases

text: have

text: arisen

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: An

text: investigation

text: by

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Fair

text: Trading

text: in

text: found

text: BSkyB

text: to

text: be

text: dominant

text: within

text: the

text: pay

text: TV

text: sports

text: market

text: but

text: concluded

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: insufficient

text: grounds

text: for

text: the

text: claim

text: that

text: BSkyB

text: had

text: abused

text: its

text: dominant

text: position

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: Premier

text: League

text: 's

text: method

text: of

text: selling

text: rights

text: collectively

text: for

text: all

text: member

text: clubs

text: was

text: investigated

text: by

text: the

text: UK

text: Restrictive

text: Practices

text: Court

text: who

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: agreement

text: was

text: not

text: contrary

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: interest

question: Why has there been a several court cases against Sky and Premier League?

answer: The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel

text: The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel

question: What did the Office of Fair Trading decide regarding the claim that Sky abuses their position in 2002.

answer: Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim

text: Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim

question: Who investigated the Premier League's collective selling rights in 1999?

answer: In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court,

text: In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court,

question: What did they decide about the collective selling issue?

answer: the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.

text: the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.

question: What has the agreement between the Premier League and Sky been accused of being?

answer: a cartel

text: a cartel

question: Who investigated the agreement between the Premier League and Sky in 2002?

answer: the Office of Fair Trading

text: the Office of Fair Trading

question: Who investigated how the Premier League sold television rights in 1999?

answer: the UK Restrictive Practices Court

text: the UK Restrictive Practices Court

question: Agreements between UK Restrictive Practices Court and the Premier League have been accused of being what?

text: a cartel

question: What has arisen as a result of TV rights agreements between the Premier League and the Office of Fair Trading?

text: number of court cases

question: In which year did the UK Restrictive Practices Court find BSkyB to be dominant in the pay TV sports market?

question: In which year did the Office of Fair Trading find sufficient grounds to claim BSkyB abused its dominant position within the pay TV sports market?


text: Baptists are individuals who comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, elders and deacons. Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity.

title: Baptists

title: Baptists

text: Baptists

text: are

text: individuals

text: who

text: comprise

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: Christian

text: denominations

text: and

text: churches

text: that

text: subscribe

text: to

text: a

text: doctrine

text: that

text: baptism

text: should

text: be

text: performed

text: only

text: for

text: professing

text: believers

text: believer

text: 's

text: baptism

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: infant

text: baptism

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: done

text: by

text: complete

text: immersion

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: affusion

text: or

text: sprinkling

text: Other

text: tenets

text: of

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: include

text: soul

text: competency

text: liberty

text: salvation

text: through

text: faith

text: alone

text: Scripture

text: alone

text: as

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: faith

text: and

text: practice

text: and

text: the

text: autonomy

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: congregation

text: Baptists

text: recognize

text: two

text: ministerial

text: offices

text: elders

text: and

text: deacons

text: Baptist

text: churches

text: are

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: Protestant

text: churches

text: though

text: some

text: Baptists

text: disavow

text: this

text: identity

question: What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers?

answer: Baptists

text: Baptists

question: Soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation what examples of what?

answer: tenets of Baptist churches

text: tenets of Baptist churches

question: What two ministerial offices do Baptists recognize?

answer: elders and deacons

text: elders and deacons

question: Baptist churches are widely considered to be what?

answer: Protestant churches

text: Protestant churches

question: What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for non-believers?

text: Baptists

question: What two ministerial offices do Baptists no longer recognize?

text: elders and deacons

question: Baptist churches are rarely considered to be what?

text: Protestant churches

question: Which group never visits Protestant churches?

text: Baptists

question: What church includes salvation through faith and reason?

text: Baptist churches


text: Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it. The counterpart to injective maps are surjective maps (every element of the target is mapped onto), such as the canonical map G → G / N.y[›] Interpreting subgroup and quotients in light of these homomorphisms emphasizes the structural concept inherent to these definitions alluded to in the introduction. In general, homomorphisms are neither injective nor surjective. Kernel and image of group homomorphisms and the first isomorphism theorem address this phenomenon.

title: Group_(mathematics)

title: Group_(mathematics

text: Sub-

text: and

text: quotient

text: groups

text: are

text: related

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: way

text: a

text: subset

text: H

text: of

text: G

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: an

text: injective

text: map

text: H

text: G

text: i.e.

text: any

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: has

text: at

text: most

text: one

text: element

text: that

text: maps

text: to

text: it

text: The

text: counterpart

text: to

text: injective

text: maps

text: are

text: surjective

text: maps

text: every

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: is

text: mapped

text: onto

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: canonical

text: map

text: G

text: G

text: N.y[›

text: Interpreting

text: subgroup

text: and

text: quotients

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: these

text: homomorphisms

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: structural

text: concept

text: inherent

text: to

text: these

text: definitions

text: alluded

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: introduction

text: In

text: general

text: homomorphisms

text: are

text: neither

text: injective

text: nor

text: surjective

text: Kernel

text: and

text: image

text: of

text: group

text: homomorphisms

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: isomorphism

text: theorem

text: address

text: this

text: phenomenon

question: What map shows the relation between sub and quotient groups?

answer: injective map

text: injective map

question: What are the opposites of injective maps?

answer: surjective maps

text: surjective maps

question: What is an example of a surjective map?

answer: canonical map

text: canonical map

question: What theory address the phenomenon of homomorphisms being neither injective nor surjective?

answer: the first isomorphism theorem

text: the first isomorphism theorem

question: Subset G of H is seen as what map?

text: H → G

question: What is the minimum number of elements in a target?

text: one

question: What kind of map is similar to an injective map?

text: surjective

question: What theory discusses the surjective nature of canonical maps?

text: the first isomorphism theorem

question: What two forms must homomorphisms take?

text: injective nor surjective