text: Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.

title: Steven_Spielberg

title: Steven_Spielberg

text: Spielberg

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Cincinnati

text: Ohio

text: to

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: Jewish

text: family

text: His

text: mother

text: Leah

text: Adler

text: Posner

text: born

text: was

text: a

text: restaurateur

text: and

text: concert

text: pianist

text: and

text: his

text: father

text: Arnold

text: Spielberg

text: born

text: was

text: an

text: electrical

text: engineer

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: computers

text: His

text: paternal

text: grandparents

text: were

text: immigrants

text: from

text: Ukraine

text: who

text: settled

text: in

text: Cincinnati

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: In

text: his

text: family

text: moved

text: to

text: Haddon

text: Township

text: New

text: Jersey

text: when

text: his

text: father

text: took

text: a

text: job

text: with

text: RCA

text: Three

text: years

text: later

text: the

text: family

text: moved

text: to

text: Phoenix

text: Spielberg

text: attended

text: Hebrew

text: school

text: from

text: to

text: in

text: classes

text: taught

text: by

text: Rabbi

text: Albert

text: L.

text: Lewis

question: Where was Steven Spielberg born?

answer: Cincinnati, Ohio

text: Cincinnati, Ohio

question: What religion was Steven Spielberg's family?

answer: Orthodox Jewish

text: Orthodox Jewish

question: Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from?

answer: Ukraine

text: Ukraine

question: Where did Steven Spielberg's family move to in 1953?

answer: Phoenix, Arizona

text: Phoenix, Arizona

question: What job did Steven Spielberg's father have?

answer: electrical engineer

text: electrical engineer

question: Where was Spielberg born?

answer: Cincinnati, Ohio

text: Cincinnati, Ohio

question: What religion was Spielberg's family?

answer: Orthodox Jewish

text: Orthodox Jewish

question: What was Spielberg's mother's career?

answer: restaurateur and concert pianist

text: restaurateur and concert pianist

question: What was Spielberg's father's career?

answer: electrical engineer involved in the development of computers

text: electrical engineer involved in the development of computers

question: Where did Spielberg's paternal grandparents immigrate from?

answer: Ukraine

text: Ukraine

question: What was Spielberg's paternal grandfather's first name?

text: Arnold

question: What was Spielberg's paternal grandmother's first name?

text: Leah

question: In what year did Rabbi Albert L. Lewis join Hebrew School in Phoenix, Arizona?

question: In what year did Spielberg's father become an electrical engineer?

question: In what year was RCA founded?


text: During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States. Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: During

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: began

text: suffering

text: the

text: consequences

text: of

text: poor

text: farming

text: practices

text: extended

text: drought

text: and

text: high

text: winds

text: Known

text: as

text: the

text: Dust

text: Bowl

text: areas

text: of

text: Kansas

text: Texas

text: New

text: Mexico

text: and

text: northwestern

text: Oklahoma

text: were

text: hampered

text: by

text: long

text: periods

text: of

text: little

text: rainfall

text: and

text: abnormally

text: high

text: temperatures

text: sending

text: thousands

text: of

text: farmers

text: into

text: poverty

text: and

text: forcing

text: them

text: to

text: relocate

text: to

text: more

text: fertile

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: United

text: States

text: Over

text: a

text: twenty

text: year

text: period

text: ending

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: saw

text: its

text: only

text: historical

text: decline

text: in

text: population

text: dropping

text: percent

text: as

text: impoverished

text: families

text: migrated

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: the

text: Dust

text: Bowl

question: When did the Dust Bowl begin?

answer: 1930s

question: What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?

answer: poor farming practices

text: poor farming practices

question: What states were affected by the Dust Bowl?

answer: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma

text: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma

question: How many farmers had to relocate because of the Dust Bowl?

answer: thousands

text: thousands

question: How much did Oklahoma's population decline from 1930 to 1950?

answer: 6.9 percent

text: 6.9 percent


text: A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: A

text: situated

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: developed

text: by

text: Paul

text: E.

text: Griffiths

text: and

text: Andrea

text: Scarantino

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: external

text: factors

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: and

text: communication

text: of

text: emotion

text: drawing

text: upon

text: the

text: situationism

text: approach

text: in

text: psychology

text: This

text: theory

text: is

text: markedly

text: different

text: from

text: both

text: cognitivist

text: and

text: neo

text: Jamesian

text: theories

text: of

text: emotion

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: see

text: emotion

text: as

text: a

text: purely

text: internal

text: process

text: with

text: the

text: environment

text: only

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: stimulus

text: to

text: the

text: emotion

text: In

text: contrast

text: a

text: situationist

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: views

text: emotion

text: as

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: investigating

text: its

text: environment

text: and

text: observing

text: the

text: responses

text: of

text: other

text: organisms

text: Emotion

text: stimulates

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: social

text: relationships

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: signal

text: to

text: mediate

text: the

text: behavior

text: of

text: other

text: organisms

text: In

text: some

text: contexts

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: emotion

text: both

text: voluntary

text: and

text: involuntary

text: could

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: strategic

text: moves

text: in

text: the

text: transactions

text: between

text: different

text: organisms

text: The

text: situated

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: states

text: that

text: conceptual

text: thought

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: inherent

text: part

text: of

text: emotion

text: since

text: emotion

text: is

text: an

text: action

text: oriented

text: form

text: of

text: skillful

text: engagement

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: Griffiths

text: and

text: Scarantino

text: suggested

text: that

text: this

text: perspective

text: on

text: emotion

text: could

text: be

text: helpful

text: in

text: understanding

text: phobias

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: emotions

text: of

text: infants

text: and

text: animals

question: Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?

answer: Paul E. Griffiths

text: Paul E. Griffiths

question: What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?

answer: external

text: external

question: The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?

answer: situationism

text: situationism

question: Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?

answer: phobias

text: phobias

question: Who didn't develop a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?

text: Paul E. Griffiths

question: What factors did the situated perspective believe not to be most important?

text: external

question: The situated perspective was not influenced by what school of thought?

text: situationist

question: Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could not help to explain?

text: phobias


text: In some cases this is done in a more extreme manner, not simply to cancel a small amount of residual reactance, but to resonate an antenna whose resonance frequency is quite different from the intended frequency of operation. For instance, a "whip antenna" can be made significantly shorter than 1/4 wavelength long, for practical reasons, and then resonated using a so-called loading coil. This physically large inductor at the base of the antenna has an inductive reactance which is the opposite of the capacitative reactance that such a vertical antenna has at the desired operating frequency. The result is a pure resistance seen at feedpoint of the loading coil; unfortunately that resistance is somewhat lower than would be desired to match commercial coax.[citation needed]

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: this

text: is

text: done

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: extreme

text: manner

text: not

text: simply

text: to

text: cancel

text: a

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: residual

text: reactance

text: but

text: to

text: resonate

text: an

text: antenna

text: whose

text: resonance

text: frequency

text: is

text: quite

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: intended

text: frequency

text: of

text: operation

text: For

text: instance

text: a

text: whip

text: antenna

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: significantly

text: shorter

text: than

text: wavelength

text: long

text: for

text: practical

text: reasons

text: and

text: then

text: resonated

text: using

text: a

text: so

text: called

text: loading

text: coil

text: This

text: physically

text: large

text: inductor

text: at

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: antenna

text: has

text: an

text: inductive

text: reactance

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: the

text: capacitative

text: reactance

text: that

text: such

text: a

text: vertical

text: antenna

text: has

text: at

text: the

text: desired

text: operating

text: frequency

text: The

text: result

text: is

text: a

text: pure

text: resistance

text: seen

text: at

text: feedpoint

text: of

text: the

text: loading

text: coil

text: unfortunately

text: that

text: resistance

text: is

text: somewhat

text: lower

text: than

text: would

text: be

text: desired

text: to

text: match

text: commercial

text: coax.[citation

text: needed

question: What can be shorter than 1/4 wavelength long?

answer: whip antenna

text: whip antenna

question: What is the opposite of inductive reactance?

answer: capacitative reactance

text: capacitative reactance

question: What is at the base of the antenna?

answer: loading coil

text: loading coil

question: Where is the resistance seen on the loading foil?

answer: feedpoint

text: feedpoint


text: The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: The

text: first

text: geographical

text: entity

text: that

text: was

text: called

text: Armenia

text: by

text: neighboring

text: peoples

text: such

text: as

text: by

text: Hecataeus

text: of

text: Miletus

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Behistun

text: Inscription

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: BC

text: under

text: the

text: Orontid

text: dynasty

text: within

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: latters

text: territories

text: and

text: which

text: later

text: became

text: a

text: kingdom

text: At

text: its

text: zenith

text: BC

text: the

text: state

text: extended

text: from

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: central

text: Turkey

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: northern

text: Iran

text: The

text: imperial

text: reign

text: of

text: Tigranes

text: the

text: Great

text: is

text: thus

text: the

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: during

text: which

text: Armenia

text: itself

text: conquered

text: areas

text: populated

text: by

text: other

text: peoples

question: When was Armenia established?

answer: in the late 6th century BC

text: in the late 6th century BC

question: What famous inscription mentioned Armenia?

answer: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription

text: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription

question: During which dynasty was Armenia established?

answer: Orontid dynasty

text: Orontid dynasty

question: When was Armenia at its largest?

answer: 95–65 BC

text: 95–65 BC

question: In what year was Caucasus established?

text: in the late 6th century BC

question: Within what empire was Caucasus created?

text: Achaemenid Persian Empire

question: Under what dynasty was Caucasus established?

text: Orontid dynasty

question: What happened during the reign of Hecataeus of Miletus?

question: What inscription mentioned Caucasus?

text: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription


text: A number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and/or expectation. The authors concluded that "although the findings provide support for the general applicability of hypnosis in the treatment of chronic pain, considerably more research will be needed to fully determine the effects of hypnosis for different chronic-pain conditions."

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: meta

text: analyses

text: have

text: found

text: clinical

text: hypnosis

text: to

text: be

text: effective

text: in

text: controlling

text: pain

text: associated

text: with

text: diagnostic

text: and

text: surgical

text: procedures

text: in

text: both

text: adults

text: and

text: children

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: pain

text: associated

text: with

text: cancer

text: and

text: childbirth

text: A

text: review

text: of

text: studies

text: found

text: evidence

text: for

text: the

text: efficacy

text: of

text: hypnosis

text: in

text: the

text: reduction

text: of

text: chronic

text: pain

text: in

text: some

text: conditions

text: though

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: patients

text: enrolled

text: in

text: the

text: studies

text: was

text: low

text: bringing

text: up

text: issues

text: of

text: power

text: to

text: detect

text: group

text: differences

text: and

text: most

text: lacked

text: credible

text: controls

text: for

text: placebo

text: and/or

text: expectation

text: The

text: authors

text: concluded

text: that

text: although

text: the

text: findings

text: provide

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: general

text: applicability

text: of

text: hypnosis

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: chronic

text: pain

text: considerably

text: more

text: research

text: will

text: be

text: needed

text: to

text: fully

text: determine

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: hypnosis

text: for

text: different

text: chronic

text: pain

text: conditions

question: Clinical hypnosis may be effective in doing what with pain associated with surgical procedures in adults and children?

answer: controlling

text: controlling

question: How many studies in 2007 found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain?

answer: 13

question: What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack?

answer: credible controls for placebo and/or expectation

text: credible controls for placebo and/or expectation

question: What is considerable more research needed to determine for different chronic pain conditions?

answer: effects of hypnosis

text: effects of hypnosis

question: What did a 2013 review of 7 studies find?

question: What did meta-analyses find to be effective in controlling surgical procedures?

text: clinical hypnosis

question: What was found about the number of participants in 7 studies?


text: Temporal measurement, chronometry, takes two distinct period forms: the calendar, a mathematical tool for organizing intervals of time, and the clock, a physical mechanism that counts the passage of time. In day-to-day life, the clock is consulted for periods less than a day whereas the calendar is consulted for periods longer than a day. Increasingly, personal electronic devices display both calendars and clocks simultaneously. The number (as on a clock dial or calendar) that marks the occurrence of a specified event as to hour or date is obtained by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point.

title: Time

title: Time

text: Temporal

text: measurement

text: chronometry

text: takes

text: two

text: distinct

text: period

text: forms

text: the

text: calendar

text: a

text: mathematical

text: tool

text: for

text: organizing

text: intervals

text: of

text: time

text: and

text: the

text: clock

text: a

text: physical

text: mechanism

text: that

text: counts

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: time

text: In

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: life

text: the

text: clock

text: is

text: consulted

text: for

text: periods

text: less

text: than

text: a

text: day

text: whereas

text: the

text: calendar

text: is

text: consulted

text: for

text: periods

text: longer

text: than

text: a

text: day

text: Increasingly

text: personal

text: electronic

text: devices

text: display

text: both

text: calendars

text: and

text: clocks

text: simultaneously

text: The

text: number

text: as

text: on

text: a

text: clock

text: dial

text: or

text: calendar

text: that

text: marks

text: the

text: occurrence

text: of

text: a

text: specified

text: event

text: as

text: to

text: hour

text: or

text: date

text: is

text: obtained

text: by

text: counting

text: from

text: a

text: fiducial

text: epoch

text: a

text: central

text: reference

text: point

question: What is a mathematical tool used for organizing intervals of time?

answer: the calendar

text: the calendar

question: What is a physical tool that tracks the passage of time?

answer: the clock

text: the clock

question: Which tool is used in day to day life?

answer: the clock

text: the clock

question: Which tool is used in periods longer than a day?

answer: the calendar

text: the calendar

question: How is the number that marks the occurrence of an event obtained?

answer: by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point

text: by counting from a fiducial epoch—a central reference point

question: For how long does chronometry usually display a reference point?

text: less than a day

question: What do fiducial epochs display at the same time?

text: both calendars and clocks

question: What physical mechanism is used to count periods longer than a day?

text: the clock

question: What organizational mathmatical tool is used for a time period of less than a day?

text: the calendar

question: What do people usually carry with them at all times?

text: personal electronic devices

question: What is a mathematical tool used for organizing intervals on clocks?

text: the calendar

question: What is a physical tool that tracks the passage of points?

text: the clock

question: Which tool is used in periods longer than an interval?

text: the calendar

question: How is the number that marks the occurrence of an interval obtained?

text: by counting from a fiducial epoch

question: What takes three distinct period forms?

text: chronometry


text: Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, buildings with expressive sculptural facades made of unfinished concrete. But an even new younger postwar generation critiqued modernism and Brutalism for being too austere, standardized, monotone, and not taking into account the richness of human experience offered in historical buildings across time and in different places and cultures.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Many

text: architects

text: resisted

text: modernism

text: finding

text: it

text: devoid

text: of

text: the

text: decorative

text: richness

text: of

text: historical

text: styles

text: As

text: the

text: first

text: generation

text: of

text: modernists

text: began

text: to

text: die

text: after

text: WWII

text: a

text: second

text: generation

text: of

text: architects

text: including

text: Paul

text: Rudolph

text: Marcel

text: Breuer

text: and

text: Eero

text: Saarinen

text: tried

text: to

text: expand

text: the

text: aesthetics

text: of

text: modernism

text: with

text: Brutalism

text: buildings

text: with

text: expressive

text: sculptural

text: facades

text: made

text: of

text: unfinished

text: concrete

text: But

text: an

text: even

text: new

text: younger

text: postwar

text: generation

text: critiqued

text: modernism

text: and

text: Brutalism

text: for

text: being

text: too

text: austere

text: standardized

text: monotone

text: and

text: not

text: taking

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: richness

text: of

text: human

text: experience

text: offered

text: in

text: historical

text: buildings

text: across

text: time

text: and

text: in

text: different

text: places

text: and

text: cultures

question: What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find lacking in modernist styles?

answer: decorative richness

text: decorative richness

question: Who were three architects who influenced Brutalism?

answer: Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen

text: Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen

question: What material was used in Brutalist structures?

answer: unfinished concrete

text: unfinished concrete

question: Who disagreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism?

answer: postwar generation

text: postwar generation

question: What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find booming in modernist styles?

text: decorative richness

question: Who were three architects who discouraged Brutalism?

question: What material was never used in Brutalist structures?

text: unfinished concrete

question: Who agreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism?

text: postwar generation


text: Multi-layer printed circuit boards have trace layers inside the board. This is achieved by laminating a stack of materials in a press by applying pressure and heat for a period of time. This results in an inseparable one piece product. For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom pre-preg and copper foil. It is then drilled, plated, and etched again to get traces on top and bottom layers.

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: Multi

text: layer

text: printed

text: circuit

text: boards

text: have

text: trace

text: layers

text: inside

text: the

text: board

text: This

text: is

text: achieved

text: by

text: laminating

text: a

text: stack

text: of

text: materials

text: in

text: a

text: press

text: by

text: applying

text: pressure

text: and

text: heat

text: for

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: This

text: results

text: in

text: an

text: inseparable

text: one

text: piece

text: product

text: For

text: example

text: a

text: four

text: layer

text: PCB

text: can

text: be

text: fabricated

text: by

text: starting

text: from

text: a

text: two

text: sided

text: copper

text: clad

text: laminate

text: etch

text: the

text: circuitry

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: then

text: laminate

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: and

text: bottom

text: pre

text: preg

text: and

text: copper

text: foil

text: It

text: is

text: then

text: drilled

text: plated

text: and

text: etched

text: again

text: to

text: get

text: traces

text: on

text: top

text: and

text: bottom

text: layers

question: If you started with a two-sided laminate etched on either side, laminated to the top and bottom, and processed it again to get traces on the outside layers, how many layers would your final PCB have?

answer: four

text: four

question: What makes up the inside of a multi-layer PCB?

answer: trace layers

text: trace layers

question: Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing?

answer: heat

text: heat

question: What tool is used to push the trace layers in a multi-layer PCB together?

answer: press

text: press

question: Single-layer printed circuit boards have trace layers where?

text: inside the board

question: A five-layer PCB can be fabricated how?

question: What kind of circuit boards result from applying pressure and cold air for a period of time?

text: Multi-layer printed circuit boards

question: A silver-clad laminate can be found in what kind of circuit board?

text: Multi-layer printed circuit boards

question: A five-layer PCB uses what kind of foil?

text: copper


text: New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history. The city has been home to a number of architects and architectural firms that have left their mark on the city including Ithiel Town and Henry Austin in the 19th century and Cesar Pelli, Warren Platner, Kevin Roche, Herbert Newman and Barry Svigals in the 20th. The Yale School of Architecture has fostered this important component of the city's economy. Cass Gilbert, of the Beaux-Arts school, designed New Haven's Union Station and the New Haven Free Public Library and was also commissioned for a City Beautiful plan in 1919. Frank Lloyd Wright, Marcel Breuer, Alexander Jackson Davis, Philip C. Johnson, Gordon Bunshaft, Louis Kahn, James Gamble Rogers, Frank Gehry, Charles Willard Moore, Stefan Behnisch, James Polshek, Paul Rudolph, Eero Saarinen and Robert Venturi all have designed buildings in New Haven. Yale's 1950s-era Ingalls Rink, designed by Eero Saarinen, was included on the America's Favorite Architecture list created in 2007.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: has

text: many

text: architectural

text: landmarks

text: dating

text: from

text: every

text: important

text: time

text: period

text: and

text: architectural

text: style

text: in

text: American

text: history

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: architects

text: and

text: architectural

text: firms

text: that

text: have

text: left

text: their

text: mark

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: Ithiel

text: Town

text: and

text: Henry

text: Austin

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: Cesar

text: Pelli

text: Warren

text: Platner

text: Kevin

text: Roche

text: Herbert

text: Newman

text: and

text: Barry

text: Svigals

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Architecture

text: has

text: fostered

text: this

text: important

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: economy

text: Cass

text: Gilbert

text: of

text: the

text: Beaux

text: Arts

text: school

text: designed

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: Union

text: Station

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: Free

text: Public

text: Library

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: commissioned

text: for

text: a

text: City

text: Beautiful

text: plan

text: in

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: Marcel

text: Breuer

text: Alexander

text: Jackson

text: Davis

text: Philip

text: C.

text: Johnson

text: Gordon

text: Bunshaft

text: Louis

text: Kahn

text: James

text: Gamble

text: Rogers

text: Frank

text: Gehry

text: Charles

text: Willard

text: Moore

text: Stefan

text: Behnisch

text: James

text: Polshek

text: Paul

text: Rudolph

text: Eero

text: Saarinen

text: and

text: Robert

text: Venturi

text: all

text: have

text: designed

text: buildings

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: Yale

text: 's

text: era

text: Ingalls

text: Rink

text: designed

text: by

text: Eero

text: Saarinen

text: was

text: included

text: on

text: the

text: America

text: 's

text: Favorite

text: Architecture

text: list

text: created

text: in

question: New Haven served as home to what two notable 19th century architects?

answer: Ithiel Town and Henry Austin

text: Ithiel Town and Henry Austin

question: What division of Yale University is credited with nurturing the architectural component of New Havens economy?

answer: The Yale School of Architecture

text: The Yale School of Architecture

question: Who is the notable artist of the Beaux-Arts school responsible for designing both New Haven's Union Station and New Haven Public Library?

answer: Cass Gilbert

text: Cass Gilbert

question: In what year did New Haven commission the City Beautiful plan?

answer: 1919

question: Who is responsible for designing Ingalls Rink at Yale University in New Haven?

answer: Eero Saarinen

text: Eero Saarinen

question: New Haven is also known for a very notable architecture institution, it's name?

answer: Yale School of Architecture

text: Yale School of Architecture

question: Who was the architect that design the New Haven Free Public Library?

answer: Cass Gilbert

text: Cass Gilbert

question: What was the name of the building that was feature in America's Favorite Architecture list of 2007?

answer: Ingalls Rink

text: Ingalls Rink


text: Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles. The British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly (Irish: Tionól Pharlaiminteach na Breataine agus na hÉireann) predates the British–Irish Council and was established in 1990. Originally it comprised 25 members of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament, and 25 members of the parliament of the United Kingdom, with the purpose of building mutual understanding between members of both legislatures. Since then the role and scope of the body has been expanded to include representatives from the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the States of Jersey, the States of Guernsey and the High Court of Tynwald (Isle of Man).

title: British_Isles

title: British_Isles

text: Another

text: body

text: established

text: under

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Agreement

text: the

text: British

text: Irish

text: Council

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: The

text: British

text: Irish

text: Parliamentary

text: Assembly

text: Irish

text: Tionól

text: Pharlaiminteach

text: Breataine

text: agus

text: hÉireann

text: predates

text: the

text: British

text: Irish

text: Council

text: and

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Originally

text: it

text: comprised

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Oireachtas

text: the

text: Irish

text: parliament

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: building

text: mutual

text: understanding

text: between

text: members

text: of

text: both

text: legislatures

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: role

text: and

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: has

text: been

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: representatives

text: from

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: for

text: Wales

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Assembly

text: the

text: States

text: of

text: Jersey

text: the

text: States

text: of

text: Guernsey

text: and

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Tynwald

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

question: What was one of organizations that was founded because of the Good Friday Agreement?

answer: British–Irish Council

text: British–Irish Council

question: Which states belong to the British-Irish Council?

answer: all of the states and territories of the British Isles

text: all of the states and territories of the British Isles

question: How many Oireachtas members where there in the original British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly?

answer: 25

question: How many members of the United Kingdom Parliament were in the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly originally?

answer: 25

question: The British-Irish Council has added representatives from which parliament?

answer: Scottish Parliament

text: Scottish Parliament

question: Which body, also established under the Tionol Agreement, is made up of the states and territories of the British Isles?

text: British–Irish Council

question: What body was established by the Good Friday Agreement and is made up of the states of Wales and Scotland?

text: British–Irish Council,

question: In what year was the British-Scottish Parliamentary Assembly formed?

question: Establishing a mutual understanding between Britain and Ireland is the purpose of what body?

text: British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly (

question: Representatives from where have been removed from the role and scope of the body?

text: the Scottish Parliament,


text: Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Lee

text: 's

text: childhood

text: friend

text: author

text: Truman

text: Capote

text: wrote

text: on

text: the

text: dust

text: jacket

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: edition

text: Someone

text: rare

text: has

text: written

text: this

text: very

text: fine

text: first

text: novel

text: a

text: writer

text: with

text: the

text: liveliest

text: sense

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: the

text: warmest

text: most

text: authentic

text: sense

text: of

text: humor

text: A

text: touching

text: book

text: and

text: so

text: funny

text: so

text: likeable

text: This

text: comment

text: has

text: been

text: construed

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: Capote

text: wrote

text: the

text: book

text: or

text: edited

text: it

text: heavily

text: In

text: a

text: Tuscaloosa

text: newspaper

text: quoted

text: Capote

text: 's

text: biological

text: father

text: Archulus

text: Persons

text: as

text: claiming

text: that

text: Capote

text: had

text: written

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: In

text: a

text: Capote

text: letter

text: was

text: donated

text: to

text: Monroeville

text: 's

text: literary

text: heritage

text: museum

text: in

text: a

text: letter

text: to

text: a

text: neighbor

text: in

text: Monroeville

text: in

text: Capote

text: mentioned

text: that

text: Lee

text: was

text: writing

text: a

text: book

text: that

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: published

text: soon

text: Extensive

text: notes

text: between

text: Lee

text: and

text: her

text: editor

text: at

text: Lippincott

text: also

text: refute

text: the

text: rumor

text: of

text: Capote

text: 's

text: authorship

text: Lee

text: 's

text: older

text: sister

text: Alice

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: rumor

text: saying

text: That

text: 's

text: the

text: biggest

text: lie

text: ever

text: told

question: Who was Truman Capote's father?

answer: Archulus Persons

text: Archulus Persons

question: Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?

answer: Truman Capote

text: Truman Capote

question: What was the name of Harper Lee's sister?

answer: Alice

text: Alice

question: Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?

answer: Truman Capote

text: Truman Capote

question: Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor?

answer: her editor

text: her editor


text: The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.

title: Guam

title: Guam

text: The

text: U.S.

text: military

text: has

text: proposed

text: building

text: a

text: new

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: berth

text: on

text: Guam

text: and

text: moving

text: Marines

text: and

text: of

text: their

text: dependents

text: to

text: Guam

text: from

text: Okinawa

text: Japan

text: Including

text: the

text: required

text: construction

text: workers

text: this

text: buildup

text: would

text: increase

text: Guam

text: 's

text: population

text: by

text: In

text: a

text: February

text: letter

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Environmental

text: Protection

text: Agency

text: sharply

text: criticized

text: these

text: plans

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: water

text: shortfall

text: sewage

text: problems

text: and

text: the

text: impact

text: on

text: coral

text: reefs

text: By

text: these

text: plans

text: had

text: been

text: cut

text: to

text: only

text: have

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: Marines

text: stationed

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: there

text: on

text: a

text: rotational

text: basis

text: without

text: their

text: dependents

question: What has the U.S military proposed?

answer: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam

text: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam

question: How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?

answer: 8,600 Marines

text: 8,600 Marines

question: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?

answer: 4,800 Marines

text: 4,800 Marines

question: How many marines are stationed in Okinawa, Japan?

question: How many dependents of Marines are there in Okinawa, Japan?

question: How many dependents of Marines are now allowed in Guam?

question: What type of military base does the U.S. military have in Okinawa, Japan?

text: aircraft carrier berth

question: How many construction workers had the U.S. military been planning to have in Guam to build a new aircraft carrier berth?


text: Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR).

title: Genome

title: Genome

text: Retrotransposons

text: can

text: be

text: transcribed

text: into

text: RNA

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: duplicated

text: at

text: another

text: site

text: into

text: the

text: genome

text: Retrotransposons

text: can

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: Long

text: terminal

text: repeats

text: LTRs

text: and

text: Non

text: Long

text: Terminal

text: Repeats

text: Non

text: LTR

question: What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?

answer: RNA

text: RNA

question: What can long terminal repeats produce?

text: RNA

question: What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA?

question: What is one thing RNA can be divided into?

text: Long terminal repeats (LTRs)

question: What can the genome also be divided into?

text: Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR)

question: Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated?

text: at another site


text: There has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC avoids the electromagnetic radiation inherent with AC, and on a railway this also reduces interference with signalling and communications and mitigates hypothetical EMF risks. DC also avoids the power factor problems of AC. Of particular interest to railroading is that DC can supply constant power with a single ungrounded wire. Constant power with AC requires three-phase transmission with at least two ungrounded wires. Another important consideration is that mains-frequency 3-phase AC must be carefully planned to avoid unbalanced phase loads. Parts of the system are supplied from different phases on the assumption that the total loads of the 3 phases will even out. At the phase break points between regions supplied from different phases, long insulated supply breaks are required to avoid them being shorted by rolling stock using more than one pantograph at a time. A few railroads have tried 3-phase but its substantial complexity has made single-phase standard practice despite the interruption in power flow that occurs twice every cycle. An experimental 6 kV DC railway was built in the Soviet Union.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: There

text: has

text: however

text: been

text: interest

text: among

text: railroad

text: operators

text: in

text: returning

text: to

text: DC

text: use

text: at

text: higher

text: voltages

text: than

text: previously

text: used

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: voltage

text: DC

text: often

text: has

text: less

text: loss

text: than

text: AC

text: and

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: high

text: voltage

text: direct

text: current

text: is

text: already

text: used

text: on

text: some

text: bulk

text: power

text: transmission

text: lines

text: DC

text: avoids

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: inherent

text: with

text: AC

text: and

text: on

text: a

text: railway

text: this

text: also

text: reduces

text: interference

text: with

text: signalling

text: and

text: communications

text: and

text: mitigates

text: hypothetical

text: EMF

text: risks

text: DC

text: also

text: avoids

text: the

text: power

text: factor

text: problems

text: of

text: AC

text: Of

text: particular

text: interest

text: to

text: railroading

text: is

text: that

text: DC

text: can

text: supply

text: constant

text: power

text: with

text: a

text: single

text: ungrounded

text: wire

text: Constant

text: power

text: with

text: AC

text: requires

text: three

text: phase

text: transmission

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: ungrounded

text: wires

text: Another

text: important

text: consideration

text: is

text: that

text: mains

text: frequency

text: AC

text: must

text: be

text: carefully

text: planned

text: to

text: avoid

text: unbalanced

text: phase

text: loads

text: Parts

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: are

text: supplied

text: from

text: different

text: phases

text: on

text: the

text: assumption

text: that

text: the

text: total

text: loads

text: of

text: the

text: phases

text: will

text: even

text: out

text: At

text: the

text: phase

text: break

text: points

text: between

text: regions

text: supplied

text: from

text: different

text: phases

text: long

text: insulated

text: supply

text: breaks

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: avoid

text: them

text: being

text: shorted

text: by

text: rolling

text: stock

text: using

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: pantograph

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: A

text: few

text: railroads

text: have

text: tried

text: but

text: its

text: substantial

text: complexity

text: has

text: made

text: single

text: phase

text: standard

text: practice

text: despite

text: the

text: interruption

text: in

text: power

text: flow

text: that

text: occurs

text: twice

text: every

text: cycle

text: An

text: experimental

text: kV

text: DC

text: railway

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

question: What type of electric power garantees lesser loss?

answer: DC

text: DC

question: Which type of supply for electric motors creates electromagnetic radiation?

answer: AC

text: AC

question: What can electromagnetic radiation interfere with?

answer: signalling and communications

text: signalling and communications

question: Which type of power does require three-phase transmission?

answer: AC

text: AC

question: Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: Railroad operators have shown little interest in returning to what?

text: DC use at higher voltages

question: What is being used on all bulk power transmission lines?

text: high-voltage direct current

question: DC can supply variable power with a single underground what?

text: wire

question: What requires a four-phase transmission with at least two underground wires?

text: Constant power with AC

question: How many railroads have tried 4-phase?

text: few


text: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756 but captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758. The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762 as well as the Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines, both prominent Spanish colonial cities. However, expansion into the hinterlands of both cities met with stiff resistance. In the Philippines, the British were confined to Manila until their agreed upon withdrawal at the war's end.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Great

text: Britain

text: lost

text: Minorca

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: but

text: captured

text: the

text: French

text: colonies

text: in

text: Senegal

text: in

text: The

text: British

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: took

text: the

text: French

text: sugar

text: colonies

text: of

text: Guadeloupe

text: in

text: and

text: Martinique

text: in

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Spanish

text: cities

text: of

text: Havana

text: in

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Manila

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: both

text: prominent

text: Spanish

text: colonial

text: cities

text: However

text: expansion

text: into

text: the

text: hinterlands

text: of

text: both

text: cities

text: met

text: with

text: stiff

text: resistance

text: In

text: the

text: Philippines

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: confined

text: to

text: Manila

text: until

text: their

text: agreed

text: upon

text: withdrawal

text: at

text: the

text: war

text: 's

text: end

question: What island did Great Britain lose in 1756?

answer: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756

text: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756

question: What possession did the French lose to the Brits in 1758

answer: captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758

text: captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758

question: Identify the French colonies lost  to the British in 1759 and 1762.

answer: The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762

text: The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762

question: What success did the British have in Cuba?

answer: Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba

text: Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba

question: What other colony was taken by the British from Spain?

answer: Manila in the Philippines

text: Manila in the Philippines


text: Under mounting political pressure, John finally negotiated terms for a reconciliation, and the papal terms for submission were accepted in the presence of the papal legate Pandulf Verraccio in May 1213 at the Templar Church at Dover. As part of the deal, John offered to surrender the Kingdom of England to the papacy for a feudal service of 1,000 marks (equivalent to £666 at the time) annually: 700 marks (£466) for England and 300 marks (£200) for Ireland, as well as recompensing the church for revenue lost during the crisis. The agreement was formalised in the Bulla Aurea, or Golden Bull. This resolution produced mixed responses. Although some chroniclers felt that John had been humiliated by the sequence of events, there was little public reaction. Innocent benefited from the resolution of his long-standing English problem, but John probably gained more, as Innocent became a firm supporter of John for the rest of his reign, backing him in both domestic and continental policy issues. Innocent immediately turned against Philip, calling upon him to reject plans to invade England and to sue for peace. John paid some of the compensation money he had promised the church, but he ceased making payments in late 1214, leaving two-thirds of the sum unpaid; Innocent appears to have conveniently forgotten this debt for the good of the wider relationship.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: Under

text: mounting

text: political

text: pressure

text: John

text: finally

text: negotiated

text: terms

text: for

text: a

text: reconciliation

text: and

text: the

text: papal

text: terms

text: for

text: submission

text: were

text: accepted

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: papal

text: legate

text: Pandulf

text: Verraccio

text: in

text: May

text: at

text: the

text: Templar

text: Church

text: at

text: Dover

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: deal

text: John

text: offered

text: to

text: surrender

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: papacy

text: for

text: a

text: feudal

text: service

text: of

text: marks

text: equivalent

text: to

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: annually

text: marks

text: for

text: England

text: and

text: marks

text: for

text: Ireland

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: recompensing

text: the

text: church

text: for

text: revenue

text: lost

text: during

text: the

text: crisis

text: The

text: agreement

text: was

text: formalised

text: in

text: the

text: Bulla

text: Aurea

text: or

text: Golden

text: Bull

text: This

text: resolution

text: produced

text: mixed

text: responses

text: Although

text: some

text: chroniclers

text: felt

text: that

text: John

text: had

text: been

text: humiliated

text: by

text: the

text: sequence

text: of

text: events

text: there

text: was

text: little

text: public

text: reaction

text: Innocent

text: benefited

text: from

text: the

text: resolution

text: of

text: his

text: long

text: standing

text: English

text: problem

text: but

text: John

text: probably

text: gained

text: more

text: as

text: Innocent

text: became

text: a

text: firm

text: supporter

text: of

text: John

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: backing

text: him

text: in

text: both

text: domestic

text: and

text: continental

text: policy

text: issues

text: Innocent

text: immediately

text: turned

text: against

text: Philip

text: calling

text: upon

text: him

text: to

text: reject

text: plans

text: to

text: invade

text: England

text: and

text: to

text: sue

text: for

text: peace

text: John

text: paid

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: compensation

text: money

text: he

text: had

text: promised

text: the

text: church

text: but

text: he

text: ceased

text: making

text: payments

text: in

text: late

text: leaving

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: sum

text: unpaid

text: Innocent

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: conveniently

text: forgotten

text: this

text: debt

text: for

text: the

text: good

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: relationship

question: When were the papal terms for submission accepted?

answer: May 1213

text: May 1213

question: How many marks did John surrender?

answer: 1,000

question: Where was the agreement formalised?

answer: Bulla Aurea

text: Bulla Aurea


text: The senate's ultimate authority derived from the esteem and prestige of the senators. This esteem and prestige was based on both precedent and custom, as well as the caliber and reputation of the senators. The senate passed decrees, which were called senatus consulta. These were officially "advice" from the senate to a magistrate. In practice, however, they were usually followed by the magistrates. The focus of the Roman senate was usually directed towards foreign policy. Though it technically had no official role in the management of military conflict, the senate ultimately was the force that oversaw such affairs. The power of the senate expanded over time as the power of the legislative assemblies declined, and the senate took a greater role in ordinary law-making. Its members were usually appointed by Roman Censors, who ordinarily selected newly elected magistrates for membership in the senate, making the senate a partially elected body. During times of military emergency, such as the civil wars of the 1st century BC, this practice became less prevalent, as the Roman Dictator, Triumvir or the senate itself would select its members.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: senate

text: 's

text: ultimate

text: authority

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: esteem

text: and

text: prestige

text: of

text: the

text: senators

text: This

text: esteem

text: and

text: prestige

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: both

text: precedent

text: and

text: custom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: caliber

text: and

text: reputation

text: of

text: the

text: senators

text: The

text: senate

text: passed

text: decrees

text: which

text: were

text: called

text: senatus

text: consulta

text: These

text: were

text: officially

text: advice

text: from

text: the

text: senate

text: to

text: a

text: magistrate

text: In

text: practice

text: however

text: they

text: were

text: usually

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: magistrates

text: The

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: senate

text: was

text: usually

text: directed

text: towards

text: foreign

text: policy

text: Though

text: it

text: technically

text: had

text: no

text: official

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: management

text: of

text: military

text: conflict

text: the

text: senate

text: ultimately

text: was

text: the

text: force

text: that

text: oversaw

text: such

text: affairs

text: The

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: senate

text: expanded

text: over

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: legislative

text: assemblies

text: declined

text: and

text: the

text: senate

text: took

text: a

text: greater

text: role

text: in

text: ordinary

text: law

text: making

text: Its

text: members

text: were

text: usually

text: appointed

text: by

text: Roman

text: Censors

text: who

text: ordinarily

text: selected

text: newly

text: elected

text: magistrates

text: for

text: membership

text: in

text: the

text: senate

text: making

text: the

text: senate

text: a

text: partially

text: elected

text: body

text: During

text: times

text: of

text: military

text: emergency

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: civil

text: wars

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: this

text: practice

text: became

text: less

text: prevalent

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Dictator

text: Triumvir

text: or

text: the

text: senate

text: itself

text: would

text: select

text: its

text: members

question: What was the general source of the Roman senate's authority?

answer: the esteem and prestige of the senators

text: the esteem and prestige of the senators

question: Who was responsible for overseeing a military action?

answer: the senate

text: the senate

question: What was a motion that was enacted by the senate called?

answer: senatus consulta

text: senatus consulta

question: What area was the likely focal point of the Roman senate?

answer: foreign policy

text: foreign policy

question: What governing Roman body would self-select their own members during times of great distress?

answer: the senate itself would select its members

text: the senate itself would select its members


text: The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker. Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. Beyoncé's third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce was inspired by Jay Z and especially by Etta James, whose "boldness" inspired Beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles. Her fourth solo album, 4, was inspired by Fela Kuti, 1990s R&B, Earth, Wind & Fire, DeBarge, Lionel Richie, Teena Marie with additional influences by The Jackson 5, New Edition, Adele, Florence and the Machine, and Prince.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: The

text: feminism

text: and

text: female

text: empowerment

text: themes

text: on

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: second

text: solo

text: album

text: B'Day

text: were

text: inspired

text: by

text: her

text: role

text: in

text: Dreamgirls

text: and

text: by

text: singer

text: Josephine

text: Baker

text: Beyoncé

text: paid

text: homage

text: to

text: Baker

text: by

text: performing

text: Déjà

text: Vu

text: at

text: the

text: Fashion

text: Rocks

text: concert

text: wearing

text: Baker

text: 's

text: trademark

text: mini

text: hula

text: skirt

text: embellished

text: with

text: fake

text: bananas

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: third

text: solo

text: album

text: I

text: Am

text: Sasha

text: Fierce

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: Jay

text: Z

text: and

text: especially

text: by

text: Etta

text: James

text: whose

text: boldness

text: inspired

text: Beyoncé

text: to

text: explore

text: other

text: musical

text: genres

text: and

text: styles

text: Her

text: fourth

text: solo

text: album

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: Fela

text: Kuti

text: R&B

text: Earth

text: Wind

text: Fire

text: DeBarge

text: Lionel

text: Richie

text: Teena

text: Marie

text: with

text: additional

text: influences

text: by

text: The

text: Jackson

text: New

text: Edition

text: Adele

text: Florence

text: and

text: the

text: Machine

text: and

text: Prince

question: What themes were influenced by her acting role in Dreamgirls?

answer: feminism and female empowerment

text: feminism and female empowerment

question: Which singer did Beyonce honor by entertaining with her song "Deja Vu"?

answer: Josephine Baker

text: Josephine Baker

question: Who motivated Beyonce to explore other areas of music?

answer: Etta James

text: Etta James

question: What movie influenced Beyonce towards empowerment themes?

answer: Dreamgirls

text: Dreamgirls

question: How did Etta James influence her?

answer: boldness

text: boldness

question: Where did she perform wearing Baker's hula skirt?

answer: 2006 Fashion Rocks concert

text: 2006 Fashion Rocks concert

question: What singer inspired Beyoncé's B'Day album?

answer: Josephine Baker.

text: Josephine Baker.

question: What song did Beyoncé sing at a 2006 concert to honor Josephine Baker?

answer: Déjà Vu

text: Déjà Vu


text: Antigonus II, a student of Zeno of Citium, spent most of his rule defending Macedon against Epirus and cementing Macedonian power in Greece, first against the Athenians in the Chremonidean War, and then against the Achaean League of Aratus of Sicyon. Under the Antigonids, Macedonia was often short on funds, the Pangaeum mines were no longer as productive as under Philip II, the wealth from Alexander's campaigns had been used up and the countryside pillaged by the Gallic invasion. A large number of the Macedonian population had also been resettled abroad by Alexander or had chosen to emigrate to the new eastern Greek cities. Up to two thirds of the population emigrated, and the Macedonian army could only count on a levy of 25,000 men, a significantly smaller force than under Philip II.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Antigonus

text: II

text: a

text: student

text: of

text: Zeno

text: of

text: Citium

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: rule

text: defending

text: Macedon

text: against

text: Epirus

text: and

text: cementing

text: Macedonian

text: power

text: in

text: Greece

text: first

text: against

text: the

text: Athenians

text: in

text: the

text: Chremonidean

text: War

text: and

text: then

text: against

text: the

text: Achaean

text: League

text: of

text: Aratus

text: of

text: Sicyon

text: Under

text: the

text: Antigonids

text: Macedonia

text: was

text: often

text: short

text: on

text: funds

text: the

text: Pangaeum

text: mines

text: were

text: no

text: longer

text: as

text: productive

text: as

text: under

text: Philip

text: II

text: the

text: wealth

text: from

text: Alexander

text: 's

text: campaigns

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: up

text: and

text: the

text: countryside

text: pillaged

text: by

text: the

text: Gallic

text: invasion

text: A

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: population

text: had

text: also

text: been

text: resettled

text: abroad

text: by

text: Alexander

text: or

text: had

text: chosen

text: to

text: emigrate

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: eastern

text: Greek

text: cities

text: Up

text: to

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: emigrated

text: and

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: army

text: could

text: only

text: count

text: on

text: a

text: levy

text: of

text: men

text: a

text: significantly

text: smaller

text: force

text: than

text: under

text: Philip

text: II

question: What war did Antigonus II fight Athenians?

answer: Chremonidean War

text: Chremonidean War

question: What mines decreased in production under the Antigonids?

answer: Pangaeum

text: Pangaeum

question: How large was the Macedonian army under the Antigonids?

answer: 25,000 men

text: 25,000 men

question: Who taught Antigonus II?

answer: Zeno of Citium

text: Zeno of Citium

question: Who did Antigonus II defend against?

answer: Epirus

text: Epirus


text: Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.

title: Adult_contemporary_music

title: Adult_contemporary_music

text: Anita

text: Baker

text: Sade

text: Regina

text: Belle

text: and

text: Luther

text: Vandross

text: are

text: other

text: examples

text: of

text: artists

text: who

text: appeal

text: to

text: mainstream

text: AC

text: urban

text: AC

text: and

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: listeners

text: Some

text: soft

text: AC

text: and

text: urban

text: AC

text: stations

text: like

text: to

text: play

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: on

text: the

text: weekends

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: Smooth

text: Jazz

text: format

text: has

text: been

text: renamed

text: to

text: Smooth

text: AC

text: as

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: lure

text: younger

text: listeners

question: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?

answer: mainstream AC

text: mainstream AC

question: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?

answer: smooth jazz

text: smooth jazz

question: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?

answer: the weekends

text: the weekends

question: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?

answer: Smooth AC

text: Smooth AC

question: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?

answer: to lure younger listeners

text: to lure younger listeners


text: Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) and John Wesley (1703–1791). Alexander Campbell referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert". In Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian, the heroine, Jeanie Deans, a Scottish Presbyterian, writes to her father about the church situation she has found in England (bold added):

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: Instruments

text: have

text: divided

text: Christendom

text: since

text: their

text: introduction

text: into

text: worship

text: They

text: were

text: considered

text: a

text: Catholic

text: innovation

text: not

text: widely

text: practiced

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: were

text: opposed

text: vigorously

text: in

text: worship

text: by

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: Protestant

text: Reformers

text: including

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: Ulrich

text: Zwingli

text: John

text: Calvin

text: and

text: John

text: Wesley

text: Alexander

text: Campbell

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: an

text: instrument

text: in

text: worship

text: as

text: a

text: cow

text: bell

text: in

text: a

text: concert

text: In

text: Sir

text: Walter

text: Scott

text: 's

text: The

text: Heart

text: of

text: Midlothian

text: the

text: heroine

text: Jeanie

text: Deans

text: a

text: Scottish

text: Presbyterian

text: writes

text: to

text: her

text: father

text: about

text: the

text: church

text: situation

text: she

text: has

text: found

text: in

text: England

text: bold

text: added

question: Why were instruments more unwelcome to Christians?

answer: They were considered a Catholic innovation

text: They were considered a Catholic innovation

question: What was the name of the book in which Jeanie Deans is the protagonist?

answer: The Heart of Midlothian

text: The Heart of Midlothian

question: Who is quoted for saying instruments in religious services are like "A cow bell in a concert"

answer: Alexander Campbell

text: Alexander Campbell

question: Who authored The Heart of the Midlothian?

answer: Sir Walter Scott

text: Sir Walter Scott

question: What divides the worlds religions?

text: Instruments

question: What was considered an Easter Catholic inovation?

text: Instruments

question: What was first use introduced into worship in the 1800's?

text: Instruments

question: Who opposed a capella music in worship during the 18th century?

text: Protestant Reformers

question: What did Luther refer to as "a cow bell in a concert"?

text: the use of an instrument in worship

question: What has divided Catholics since they have been used in worship?

text: Instruments

question: What did Catholics oppose to be used in worship?

text: Instruments

question: What did Martin Luther mention about using instruments during church worship?

question: What did Ulrich Zwingli write that had Jeanie Deans as the heroine?

text: The Heart of Midlothian

question: What type of religion is John Calvin a member of in the book?

text: Scottish Presbyterian


text: However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the "Supreme Court", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council. On the other hand, in some places the court named the "Supreme Court" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales, which are all superseded by higher Courts of Appeal.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: However

text: not

text: all

text: highest

text: courts

text: are

text: named

text: as

text: such

text: Civil

text: law

text: states

text: do

text: not

text: tend

text: to

text: have

text: singular

text: highest

text: courts

text: Additionally

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: is

text: not

text: named

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Australia

text: this

text: is

text: because

text: decisions

text: by

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: could

text: formerly

text: be

text: appealed

text: to

text: the

text: Privy

text: Council

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: in

text: some

text: places

text: the

text: court

text: named

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: fact

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: examples

text: include

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Courts

text: of

text: several

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: territories

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Judicature

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: which

text: are

text: all

text: superseded

text: by

text: higher

text: Courts

text: of

text: Appeal

question: What kinds of governed nations may not have a specific, individual high court?

answer: Civil law states

text: Civil law states

question: What is an example of a highest court not being specifically called a Supreme Court?

answer: the High Court of Australia

text: the High Court of Australia

question: To which body can decisions made by this specific high court be appealed?

answer: the Privy Council

text: the Privy Council

question: What Canadian courts also are not specifically the highest courts in that country?

answer: the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories

text: the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories

question: What is the highest court in all jurisdictions named?

text: Supreme Court

question: What do civil law states tend to have?

text: singular highest courts

question: Where can decisions from the Privy Council be appealed to?

text: High Court

question: What is the Courts of Appeal superseded by in England?


text: Coptic Christians face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from disproportionate representation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Intolerance of Bahá'ís and non-orthodox Muslim sects, such as Sufis, Shi'a and Ahmadis, also remains a problem. When the government moved to computerise identification cards, members of religious minorities, such as Bahá'ís, could not obtain identification documents. An Egyptian court ruled in early 2008 that members of other faiths may obtain identity cards without listing their faiths, and without becoming officially recognised.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Coptic

text: Christians

text: face

text: discrimination

text: at

text: multiple

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: ranging

text: from

text: disproportionate

text: representation

text: in

text: government

text: ministries

text: to

text: laws

text: that

text: limit

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: build

text: or

text: repair

text: churches

text: Intolerance

text: of

text: Bahá'ís

text: and

text: non

text: orthodox

text: Muslim

text: sects

text: such

text: as

text: Sufis

text: Shi'a

text: and

text: Ahmadis

text: also

text: remains

text: a

text: problem

text: When

text: the

text: government

text: moved

text: to

text: computerise

text: identification

text: cards

text: members

text: of

text: religious

text: minorities

text: such

text: as

text: Bahá'ís

text: could

text: not

text: obtain

text: identification

text: documents

text: An

text: Egyptian

text: court

text: ruled

text: in

text: early

text: that

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: faiths

text: may

text: obtain

text: identity

text: cards

text: without

text: listing

text: their

text: faiths

text: and

text: without

text: becoming

text: officially

text: recognised

question: What do Coptic Christians face?

answer: discrimination at multiple levels of the government,

text: discrimination at multiple levels of the government,

question: When government computerised ID cards who were adversely impacted?

answer: religious minorities

text: religious minorities

question: When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith?

answer: 2008


text: Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967. Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the "chief justice" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980. Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level. They include CPC General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (term 2002-2007), National People's Congress Chairman and former Vice-Premier Zhang Dejiang (term 1998-2002), and Zhao Hongzhu (term 2007-2012), the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China's top anti-corruption body. Of Zhejiang's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949, none were native to the province.

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: Several

text: political

text: figures

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: Zhejiang

text: 's

text: top

text: political

text: office

text: of

text: Communist

text: Party

text: Secretary

text: have

text: played

text: key

text: roles

text: in

text: various

text: events

text: in

text: PRC

text: history

text: Tan

text: Zhenlin

text: term

text: the

text: inaugural

text: Party

text: Secretary

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: voices

text: against

text: Mao

text: 's

text: Cultural

text: Revolution

text: during

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: February

text: Countercurrent

text: of

text: Jiang

text: Hua

text: term

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: justice

text: on

text: the

text: Special

text: Court

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: against

text: the

text: Gang

text: of

text: Four

text: in

text: Three

text: provincial

text: Party

text: Secretaries

text: since

text: the

text: have

text: gone

text: onto

text: prominence

text: at

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: They

text: include

text: CPC

text: General

text: Secretary

text: and

text: President

text: Xi

text: Jinping

text: term

text: National

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: Chairman

text: and

text: former

text: Vice

text: Premier

text: Zhang

text: Dejiang

text: term

text: and

text: Zhao

text: Hongzhu

text: term

text: the

text: Deputy

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Commission

text: for

text: Discipline

text: Inspection

text: China

text: 's

text: top

text: anti

text: corruption

text: body

text: Of

text: Zhejiang

text: 's

text: fourteen

text: Party

text: Secretaries

text: since

text: were

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: province

question: When was Tan Zhenlin's term as Zhenjiang's Communist Party Secretary?

answer: 1949-1952

question: Who was the inaugural Communist Party Secretary of Zhenjiang?

answer: Tan Zhenlin

text: Tan Zhenlin

question: When was the so-called February Countercurrent?

answer: 1967

question: When was Jiang Hua's term?

answer: 1956-1968

question: When was the case against the Gang of Four?

answer: 1980

question: What happened in 1948?

question: What was the March Countercurrent 1967?

text: against Mao's Cultural Revolution

question: When was the October Countercurrent?

question: When was the case against the Gang of Five?


text: The Oak Street Connector (Connecticut Route 34) intersects I-91 at exit 1, just south of the I-95/I-91 interchange, and runs northwest for a few blocks as an expressway spur into downtown before emptying onto surface roads. The Wilbur Cross Parkway (Connecticut Route 15) runs parallel to I-95 west of New Haven, turning northwards as it nears the city and then running northwards parallel to I-91 through the outer rim of New Haven and Hamden, offering an alternative to the I-95/I-91 journey (restricted to non-commercial vehicles). Route 15 in New Haven is the site of the only highway tunnel in the state (officially designated as Heroes Tunnel), running through West Rock, home to West Rock Park and the Three Judges Cave.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: The

text: Oak

text: Street

text: Connector

text: Connecticut

text: Route

text: intersects

text: at

text: exit

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: interchange

text: and

text: runs

text: northwest

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: blocks

text: as

text: an

text: expressway

text: spur

text: into

text: downtown

text: before

text: emptying

text: onto

text: surface

text: roads

text: The

text: Wilbur

text: Cross

text: Parkway

text: Connecticut

text: Route

text: runs

text: parallel

text: to

text: west

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: turning

text: northwards

text: as

text: it

text: nears

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: then

text: running

text: northwards

text: parallel

text: to

text: through

text: the

text: outer

text: rim

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: and

text: Hamden

text: offering

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: the

text: journey

text: restricted

text: to

text: non

text: commercial

text: vehicles

text: Route

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: is

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: only

text: highway

text: tunnel

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: officially

text: designated

text: as

text: Heroes

text: Tunnel

text: running

text: through

text: West

text: Rock

text: home

text: to

text: West

text: Rock

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: Three

text: Judges

text: Cave

question: What downtown New Haven expressway spur intersects at exit 1 of 1-91?

answer: The Oak Street Connector

text: The Oak Street Connector

question: What is another name for Connecticut Route 15, which provides an alternate route from traveling on 1-95/1/91?

answer: The Wilbur Cross Parkway

text: The Wilbur Cross Parkway

question: What thoroughfare in New Haven features the only highway tunnel in Connecticut?

answer: Route 15

text: Route 15

question: What is the name of the highway tunnel on Route 15 in New Haven?

answer: Heroes Tunnel

text: Heroes Tunnel

question: Through what neighborhood in New Haven does Route 15 run?

answer: West Rock

text: West Rock

question: Oak Street Connect crosses which interstate highway?

answer: I-91 at exit 1

text: I-91 at exit 1

question: Connecticut Route 15 is next to which highway?

answer: I-95 west of New Haven,

text: I-95 west of New Haven,

question: What is the name of the only highway tunnel in Connecticut?

answer: Route 15

text: Route 15


text: With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between "the patron and the priest" and were not merely instances of a political subordinate paying tribute to a superior. He also notes that the items of tribute were Buddhist artifacts which symbolized "the religious nature of the relationship." Josef Kolmaš writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet, content with their tribute relations that were "almost entirely of a religious character." Patricia Ann Berger writes that the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas was his attempt to "resurrect the relationship between China and Tibet established earlier by the Yuan dynastic founder Khubilai Khan and his guru Phagpa." She also writes that the later Qing emperors and their Mongol associates viewed the Yongle Emperor's relationship with Tibet as "part of a chain of reincarnation that saw this Han Chinese emperor as yet another emanation of Manjusri."

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: With

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: court

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: fifth

text: Karmapa

text: and

text: other

text: Tibetan

text: leaders

text: Norbu

text: states

text: that

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: historians

text: have

text: failed

text: to

text: realize

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: religious

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: Tibetan

text: relationship

text: He

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: meetings

text: of

text: lamas

text: with

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: China

text: were

text: exchanges

text: of

text: tribute

text: between

text: the

text: patron

text: and

text: the

text: priest

text: and

text: were

text: not

text: merely

text: instances

text: of

text: a

text: political

text: subordinate

text: paying

text: tribute

text: to

text: a

text: superior

text: He

text: also

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: items

text: of

text: tribute

text: were

text: Buddhist

text: artifacts

text: which

text: symbolized

text: the

text: religious

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: Josef

text: Kolmaš

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: did

text: not

text: exercise

text: any

text: direct

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: Tibet

text: content

text: with

text: their

text: tribute

text: relations

text: that

text: were

text: almost

text: entirely

text: of

text: a

text: religious

text: character

text: Patricia

text: Ann

text: Berger

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: courting

text: and

text: granting

text: of

text: titles

text: to

text: lamas

text: was

text: his

text: attempt

text: to

text: resurrect

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Tibet

text: established

text: earlier

text: by

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynastic

text: founder

text: Khubilai

text: Khan

text: and

text: his

text: guru

text: Phagpa

text: She

text: also

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: later

text: Qing

text: emperors

text: and

text: their

text: Mongol

text: associates

text: viewed

text: the

text: Yongle

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: relationship

text: with

text: Tibet

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: chain

text: of

text: reincarnation

text: that

text: saw

text: this

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: emperor

text: as

text: yet

text: another

text: emanation

text: of

text: Manjusri

question: According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?

answer: Chinese Communist historians

text: Chinese Communist historians

question: What were the items of tribute?

answer: Buddhist artifacts

text: Buddhist artifacts

question: Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?

answer: Josef Kolmaš

text: Josef Kolmaš


text: Title VII was perhaps the most controversial of the entire bill. Many conservatives accused it of advocating a de facto quota system, and claimed unconstitutionality as it attempts to regulate the workplace. Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey corrected this notion: "there is nothing in [Title VII] that will give power to the Commission to require hiring, firing, and promotion to meet a racial 'quota.' [. . .] Title VII is designed to encourage the hiring on basis of ability and qualifications, not race or religion." Title VII prohibits discrimination. Humphrey was the silent hero of the bill's passing through Congress. He pledged that the bill required no quotas, just nondiscrimination. Doing so, he convinced many pro-business Republicans, including Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen (IL) to support Title VII.:78–80

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Title

text: VII

text: was

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: controversial

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: bill

text: Many

text: conservatives

text: accused

text: it

text: of

text: advocating

text: a

text: de

text: facto

text: quota

text: system

text: and

text: claimed

text: unconstitutionality

text: as

text: it

text: attempts

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: workplace

text: Minnesota

text: Senator

text: Hubert

text: Humphrey

text: corrected

text: this

text: notion

text: there

text: is

text: nothing

text: in

text: Title

text: VII

text: that

text: will

text: give

text: power

text: to

text: the

text: Commission

text: to

text: require

text: hiring

text: firing

text: and

text: promotion

text: to

text: meet

text: a

text: racial

text: quota

text: Title

text: VII

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: encourage

text: the

text: hiring

text: on

text: basis

text: of

text: ability

text: and

text: qualifications

text: not

text: race

text: or

text: religion

text: Title

text: VII

text: prohibits

text: discrimination

text: Humphrey

text: was

text: the

text: silent

text: hero

text: of

text: the

text: bill

text: 's

text: passing

text: through

text: Congress

text: He

text: pledged

text: that

text: the

text: bill

text: required

text: no

text: quotas

text: just

text: nondiscrimination

text: Doing

text: so

text: he

text: convinced

text: many

text: pro

text: business

text: Republicans

text: including

text: Senate

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Everett

text: Dirksen

text: IL

text: to

text: support

text: Title

question: Which section of the legislation was considered the most controversial?

answer: Title VII

text: Title VII

question: What did critics claim that Title VII advocate?

answer: a de facto quota system

text: a de facto quota system

question: Which Senator fought back against the criticism of Title VII?

answer: Hubert Humphrey

text: Hubert Humphrey

question: Who was one of the key members that Humphrey managed to convince to support the bill?

answer: Everett Dirksen

text: Everett Dirksen

question: What position of importance other than Senator did Everett Dirksen hold?

answer: Senate Minority Leader

text: Senate Minority Leader

question: Which section of the legislation was considered the least controversial?

text: Title VII

question: What did supporters claim that Title VII advocate?

text: de facto quota system

question: Which Mayor fought back against the criticism of Title VII?

text: Hubert Humphrey

question: Who was one of the key members that Humphrey managed to convince to reject the bill?

text: Everett Dirksen

question: What position of importance other than Mayor did Everett Dirksen hold?

text: Senate Minority Leader


text: Von Neumann was born Neumann János Lajos (in Hungarian the family name comes first), Hebrew name Yonah, in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to wealthy Jewish parents of the Haskalah. He was the eldest of three children. He had two younger brothers: Michael, born in 1907, and Nicholas, who was born in 1911. His father, Neumann Miksa (Max Neumann) was a banker, who held a doctorate in law. He had moved to Budapest from Pécs at the end of the 1880s. Miksa's father and grandfather were both born in Ond (now part of the town of Szerencs), Zemplén County, northern Hungary. John's mother was Kann Margit (Margaret Kann); her parents were Jakab Kann and Katalin Meisels. Three generations of the Kann family lived in spacious apartments above the Kann-Heller offices in Budapest; von Neumann's family occupied an 18-room apartment on the top floor.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: born

text: Neumann

text: János

text: Lajos

text: in

text: Hungarian

text: the

text: family

text: name

text: comes

text: first

text: Hebrew

text: name

text: Yonah

text: in

text: Budapest

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: which

text: was

text: then

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: to

text: wealthy

text: Jewish

text: parents

text: of

text: the

text: Haskalah

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: eldest

text: of

text: three

text: children

text: He

text: had

text: two

text: younger

text: brothers

text: Michael

text: born

text: in

text: and

text: Nicholas

text: who

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: His

text: father

text: Neumann

text: Miksa

text: Max

text: Neumann

text: was

text: a

text: banker

text: who

text: held

text: a

text: doctorate

text: in

text: law

text: He

text: had

text: moved

text: to

text: Budapest

text: from

text: Pécs

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Miksa

text: 's

text: father

text: and

text: grandfather

text: were

text: both

text: born

text: in

text: Ond

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Szerencs

text: Zemplén

text: County

text: northern

text: Hungary

text: John

text: 's

text: mother

text: was

text: Kann

text: Margit

text: Margaret

text: Kann

text: her

text: parents

text: were

text: Jakab

text: Kann

text: and

text: Katalin

text: Meisels

text: Three

text: generations

text: of

text: the

text: Kann

text: family

text: lived

text: in

text: spacious

text: apartments

text: above

text: the

text: Kann

text: Heller

text: offices

text: in

text: Budapest

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: family

text: occupied

text: an

text: apartment

text: on

text: the

text: top

text: floor

question: Where was Von Neumann born?

answer: Budapest

text: Budapest

question: Did Von Neumann have any siblings?

answer: two younger brothers

text: two younger brothers

question: What occupation did Von Neumann father hold?

answer: banker

text: banker

question: When did Von Neuman's father move from Pecs to Budapest?

answer: end of the 1880s

text: end of the 1880s

question: What was Von Neumann's mother's name?

answer: Kann Margit

text: Kann Margit


text: A number of special controllers designed for use with specific games were released for the system, though very few such devices proved particularly popular. Such devices included, but were not limited to, the Zapper (a light gun), the R.O.B., and the Power Pad. The original Famicom featured a deepened DA-15 expansion port on the front of the unit, which was used to connect most auxiliary devices. On the NES, these special controllers were generally connected to one of the two control ports on the front of the console.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: special

text: controllers

text: designed

text: for

text: use

text: with

text: specific

text: games

text: were

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: system

text: though

text: very

text: few

text: such

text: devices

text: proved

text: particularly

text: popular

text: Such

text: devices

text: included

text: but

text: were

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: Zapper

text: a

text: light

text: gun

text: the

text: R.O.B.

text: and

text: the

text: Power

text: Pad

text: The

text: original

text: Famicom

text: featured

text: a

text: deepened

text: expansion

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: unit

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: connect

text: most

text: auxiliary

text: devices

text: On

text: the

text: NES

text: these

text: special

text: controllers

text: were

text: generally

text: connected

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: control

text: ports

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: console

question: What was the light gun controller called?

answer: Zapper

text: Zapper

question: What was the name of the auxiliary port used to connect additional devices on the Famicom?

answer: DA-15

question: How were the special controllers connected to the NES?

answer: control ports on the front

text: control ports on the front

question: What was the dark gun controller called?

text: Zapper

question: What was the name of the auxiliary port used to not connect additional devices on the Famicom?

question: How were the special controllers disconnected to the NES?