text: The persecution reached a peak in Nazi Germany's Final Solution, which led to the Holocaust and the slaughter of approximately 6 million Jews. Of the world's 15 million Jews in 1939, more than a third were killed in the Holocaust. The Holocaust—the state-led systematic persecution and genocide of European Jews (and certain communities of North African Jews in European controlled North Africa) and other minority groups of Europe during World War II by Germany and its collaborators remains the most notable modern-day persecution of Jews. The persecution and genocide were accomplished in stages. Legislation to remove the Jews from civil society was enacted years before the outbreak of World War II. Concentration camps were established in which inmates were used as slave labour until they died of exhaustion or disease. Where the Third Reich conquered new territory in Eastern Europe, specialized units called Einsatzgruppen murdered Jews and political opponents in mass shootings. Jews and Roma were crammed into ghettos before being transported hundreds of miles by freight train to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, the majority of them were killed in gas chambers. Virtually every arm of Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics of the mass murder, turning the country into what one Holocaust scholar has called "a genocidal nation."

title: Jews

title: Jews

text: The

text: persecution

text: reached

text: a

text: peak

text: in

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: Final

text: Solution

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: and

text: the

text: slaughter

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: Jews

text: Of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: million

text: Jews

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: third

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: The

text: Holocaust

text: the

text: state

text: led

text: systematic

text: persecution

text: and

text: genocide

text: of

text: European

text: Jews

text: and

text: certain

text: communities

text: of

text: North

text: African

text: Jews

text: in

text: European

text: controlled

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: other

text: minority

text: groups

text: of

text: Europe

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: by

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: collaborators

text: remains

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: modern

text: day

text: persecution

text: of

text: Jews

text: The

text: persecution

text: and

text: genocide

text: were

text: accomplished

text: in

text: stages

text: Legislation

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: Jews

text: from

text: civil

text: society

text: was

text: enacted

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Concentration

text: camps

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: which

text: inmates

text: were

text: used

text: as

text: slave

text: labour

text: until

text: they

text: died

text: of

text: exhaustion

text: or

text: disease

text: Where

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: conquered

text: new

text: territory

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: specialized

text: units

text: called

text: Einsatzgruppen

text: murdered

text: Jews

text: and

text: political

text: opponents

text: in

text: mass

text: shootings

text: Jews

text: and

text: Roma

text: were

text: crammed

text: into

text: ghettos

text: before

text: being

text: transported

text: hundreds

text: of

text: miles

text: by

text: freight

text: train

text: to

text: extermination

text: camps

text: where

text: if

text: they

text: survived

text: the

text: journey

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: gas

text: chambers

text: Virtually

text: every

text: arm

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: bureaucracy

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: logistics

text: of

text: the

text: mass

text: murder

text: turning

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: what

text: one

text: Holocaust

text: scholar

text: has

text: called

text: a

text: genocidal

text: nation

question: How many Jews were slaughtered in the Holocaust?

answer: approximately 6 million

text: approximately 6 million

question: Worldwide, how many Jews were there in 1939?

answer: 15 million

text: 15 million

question: What was the state-led systematic persecution and genocide of European Jews and other minority groups?

answer: The Holocaust

text: The Holocaust

question: In 1939, what fraction of Jews were killed in The Holocaust?

answer: more than a third

text: more than a third

question: Where did the persecution reach its lowest amount?

text: Nazi Germany's

question: How many Jews were not killed in the Holocaust?

text: more than a third

question: When was legislation to remove the Jews from civil society struck down?

question: How many Jews were there before 1939?

text: 15 million

question: What happened when the Third Reich conquered territory in Western Europe?


text: About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys and surrounding mountain ridges. The apparently simple morphology, scarcely differentiated structures, metabolic systems and enzymes still active at very low temperatures, and reduced life cycles shown by such fungi make them particularly suited to harsh environments such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. In particular, their thick-walled and strongly melanized cells make them resistant to UV light. Those features can also be observed in algae and cyanobacteria, suggesting that these are adaptations to the conditions prevailing in Antarctica. This has led to speculation that, if life ever occurred on Mars, it might have looked similar to Antarctic fungi such as Cryomyces minteri. Some of these fungi are also apparently endemic to Antarctica. Endemic Antarctic fungi also include certain dung-inhabiting species which have had to evolve in response to the double challenge of extreme cold while growing on dung, and the need to survive passage through the gut of warm-blooded animals.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: About

text: species

text: of

text: fungi

text: have

text: been

text: recorded

text: from

text: Antarctica

text: of

text: which

text: about

text: are

text: non

text: lichen

text: forming

text: and

text: are

text: lichen

text: forming

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: species

text: are

text: cryptoendoliths

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: evolution

text: under

text: extreme

text: conditions

text: and

text: have

text: significantly

text: contributed

text: to

text: shaping

text: the

text: impressive

text: rock

text: formations

text: of

text: the

text: McMurdo

text: Dry

text: Valleys

text: and

text: surrounding

text: mountain

text: ridges

text: The

text: apparently

text: simple

text: morphology

text: scarcely

text: differentiated

text: structures

text: metabolic

text: systems

text: and

text: enzymes

text: still

text: active

text: at

text: very

text: low

text: temperatures

text: and

text: reduced

text: life

text: cycles

text: shown

text: by

text: such

text: fungi

text: make

text: them

text: particularly

text: suited

text: to

text: harsh

text: environments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: McMurdo

text: Dry

text: Valleys

text: In

text: particular

text: their

text: thick

text: walled

text: and

text: strongly

text: melanized

text: cells

text: make

text: them

text: resistant

text: to

text: UV

text: light

text: Those

text: features

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: observed

text: in

text: algae

text: and

text: cyanobacteria

text: suggesting

text: that

text: these

text: are

text: adaptations

text: to

text: the

text: conditions

text: prevailing

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: speculation

text: that

text: if

text: life

text: ever

text: occurred

text: on

text: Mars

text: it

text: might

text: have

text: looked

text: similar

text: to

text: Antarctic

text: fungi

text: such

text: as

text: Cryomyces

text: minteri

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: fungi

text: are

text: also

text: apparently

text: endemic

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: Endemic

text: Antarctic

text: fungi

text: also

text: include

text: certain

text: dung

text: inhabiting

text: species

text: which

text: have

text: had

text: to

text: evolve

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: double

text: challenge

text: of

text: extreme

text: cold

text: while

text: growing

text: on

text: dung

text: and

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: survive

text: passage

text: through

text: the

text: gut

text: of

text: warm

text: blooded

text: animals

question: How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica?

answer: 1150

question: How many of the extant fungi in Antarctica are lichen-forming?

answer: 400

question: What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica?

answer: cryptoendoliths

text: cryptoendoliths

question: What has the study of fungi in Antarctica shown about these organisms?

answer: adaptations

text: adaptations

question: How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved?

answer: similar to Antarctic

text: similar to Antarctic

question: How many species of fungi are there at the South Pole?

text: 1150 species

question: Where are there 400 non-lichen forming fungi?

text: Antarctica

question: Where are there 750 lichen-forming fungi?

text: Antarctica

question: What type of fungi help break down rock in Antarctica?

text: cryptoendoliths

question: Where were 750 lichen-forming fungi found?

text: Antarctica

question: Where were 400 non-lichen-forming fungi found?

text: Antarctica

question: What has significantly contributed to shaping the Dry McMurdo Valleys?

text: cryptoendoliths

question: What type of environment is the Dr McMurdo Valleys?

text: harsh


text: Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.

title: Westminster_Abbey

title: Westminster_Abbey

text: Westminster

text: Abbey

text: formally

text: titled

text: the

text: Collegiate

text: Church

text: of

text: St

text: Peter

text: at

text: Westminster

text: is

text: a

text: large

text: mainly

text: Gothic

text: abbey

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: London

text: located

text: just

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: religious

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: traditional

text: place

text: of

text: coronation

text: and

text: burial

text: site

text: for

text: English

text: and

text: later

text: British

text: monarchs

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: abbey

text: had

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: a

text: cathedral

text: Since

text: however

text: the

text: building

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: an

text: abbey

text: nor

text: a

text: cathedral

text: having

text: instead

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: a

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: Royal

text: Peculiar

text: a

text: church

text: responsible

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: sovereign

text: The

text: building

text: itself

text: is

text: the

text: original

text: abbey

text: church

question: What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?

answer: the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster

text: the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster

question: Where is Westminster Abbey located?

answer: City of Westminster, London

text: City of Westminster, London

question: When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral?

answer: Between 1540 and 1556

text: Between 1540 and 1556

question: What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560?

answer: Church of England "Royal Peculiar"

text: Church of England "Royal Peculiar"

question: What was Westminster Abbey's informal name?

question: What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey not considered?

text: Gothic

question: In what country is Westminster Abbey located?

text: City of Westminster, London

question: In what years wasn't the Abbey considered a cathedral?

text: Between 1540 and 1556

question: What type of building is the Abbey not considered?

text: Royal Peculiar


text: Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist leader, declared Swaraj as the destiny of the nation. His popular sentence "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it" became the source of inspiration for Indians. Tilak was backed by rising public leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, who held the same point of view. Under them, India's three big provinces – Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab, India shaped the demand of the people and India's nationalism. In 1907, the Congress was split into two factions: The radicals, led by Tilak, advocated civil agitation and direct revolution to overthrow the British Empire and the abandonment of all things British. The moderates, led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, on the other hand wanted reform within the framework of British rule.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: Bal

text: Gangadhar

text: Tilak

text: an

text: Indian

text: nationalist

text: leader

text: declared

text: Swaraj

text: as

text: the

text: destiny

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: His

text: popular

text: sentence

text: Swaraj

text: is

text: my

text: birthright

text: and

text: I

text: shall

text: have

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: inspiration

text: for

text: Indians

text: Tilak

text: was

text: backed

text: by

text: rising

text: public

text: leaders

text: like

text: Bipin

text: Chandra

text: Pal

text: and

text: Lala

text: Lajpat

text: Rai

text: who

text: held

text: the

text: same

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: Under

text: them

text: India

text: 's

text: three

text: big

text: provinces

text: Maharashtra

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Punjab

text: India

text: shaped

text: the

text: demand

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: and

text: India

text: 's

text: nationalism

text: In

text: the

text: Congress

text: was

text: split

text: into

text: two

text: factions

text: The

text: radicals

text: led

text: by

text: Tilak

text: advocated

text: civil

text: agitation

text: and

text: direct

text: revolution

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: abandonment

text: of

text: all

text: things

text: British

text: The

text: moderates

text: led

text: by

text: leaders

text: like

text: Dadabhai

text: Naoroji

text: and

text: Gopal

text: Krishna

text: Gokhale

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: wanted

text: reform

text: within

text: the

text: framework

text: of

text: British

text: rule

question: What Indian leader said that Swaraj was his birthright?

answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak

text: Bal Gangadhar Tilak

question: What parts of India shaped the demands of the people for nationalism?

answer: three big provinces

text: three big provinces

question: How was the Congress split in 1907?

answer: two factions

text: two factions

question: Which faction of the Congress did Tilak lead?

answer: The radicals

text: The radicals

question: Which faction wanted reform within British rule?

answer: The moderates

text: The moderates


text: Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Among

text: the

text: Punjabi

text: poets

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: Sultan

text: Bahu

text: Bulleh

text: Shah

text: Mian

text: Muhammad

text: Baksh

text: and

text: Waris

text: Shah

text: and

text: folk

text: singers

text: like

text: Inayat

text: Hussain

text: Bhatti

text: and

text: Tufail

text: Niazi

text: Alam

text: Lohar

text: Sain

text: Marna

text: Mansoor

text: Malangi

text: Allah

text: Ditta

text: Lona

text: wala

text: Talib

text: Hussain

text: Dard

text: Attaullah

text: Khan

text: Essa

text: Khailwi

text: Gamoo

text: Tahliwala

text: Mamzoo

text: Gha

text: lla

text: Akbar

text: Jat

text: Arif

text: Lohar

text: Ahmad

text: Nawaz

text: Cheena

text: and

text: Hamid

text: Ali

text: Bela

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: In

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: classical

text: ragas

text: there

text: are

text: such

text: masters

text: as

text: Malika

text: i

text: Mauseequi

text: Queen

text: of

text: Music

text: Roshan

text: Ara

text: Begum

text: Ustad

text: Amanat

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: Salamat

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: and

text: Ustad

text: Fateh

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: Alam

text: Lohar

text: has

text: made

text: significant

text: contributions

text: to

text: folklore

text: and

text: Punjabi

text: literature

text: by

text: being

text: a

text: very

text: influential

text: Punjabi

text: folk

text: singer

text: from

text: until

question: Who are some well-known Punjab poets?

answer: Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah

text: Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah

question: What is Allah Ditta Lona Wala's career?

answer: folk singers

text: folk singers

question: Who is the 'Queen of Music'?

answer: Malika-i-Mauseequi

text: Malika-i-Mauseequi

question: When was Alam Lohar an important Punjabi folk singer?

answer: from 1930 until 1979

text: from 1930 until 1979

question: When was Sultan Bahu popular?

text: from 1930 until 1979

question: What was Ustad Amanat Ali Khan's nickname?

text: Queen of Music

question: What poet was most prolific during 1930 to 1979?

text: Waris Shah

question: When was Alam Lohar born?

question: Folk singers created classical whats?

text: ragas


text: Idol Gives Back is a special charity event started in season six featuring performances by celebrities and various fund-raising initiatives. This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Idol

text: Gives

text: Back

text: is

text: a

text: special

text: charity

text: event

text: started

text: in

text: season

text: six

text: featuring

text: performances

text: by

text: celebrities

text: and

text: various

text: fund

text: raising

text: initiatives

text: This

text: event

text: was

text: also

text: held

text: in

text: seasons

text: seven

text: and

text: nine

text: and

text: has

text: raised

text: nearly

text: million

text: in

text: total

question: What is the name of the special that raises money for charities on American Idol?

answer: Idol Gives Back

text: Idol Gives Back

question: How much money has American Idol raised for charity with its Idol Gives Back specials?

answer: $185 million

text: $185 million

question: What is the name of the charity that Idol has?

answer: Idol Gives Back

text: Idol Gives Back

question: When was the first Idol Gives Back?

answer: season six

text: season six


text: American Idol became the most expensive series on broadcast networks for advertisers starting season four, and by the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for a regularly scheduled prime-time network series, selling over $700,000 for a 30-seconds slot, and reaching up to $1.3 million for the finale. Its ad prices reached a peak in season seven at $737,000. Estimated revenue more than doubled from $404 million in season three to $870 million in season six. While that declined from season eight onwards, it still earned significantly more than its nearest competitor, with advertising revenue topping $800 million annually the next few seasons. However, the sharp drop in ratings in season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season twelve, and the show lost its leading position as the costliest show for advertisers. By 2014, ad revenue from had fallen to $427 million where a 30-second spot went for less than $300,000.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: American

text: Idol

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: series

text: on

text: broadcast

text: networks

text: for

text: advertisers

text: starting

text: season

text: four

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: next

text: season

text: it

text: had

text: broken

text: the

text: record

text: in

text: advertising

text: rate

text: for

text: a

text: regularly

text: scheduled

text: prime

text: time

text: network

text: series

text: selling

text: over

text: for

text: a

text: slot

text: and

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: for

text: the

text: finale

text: Its

text: ad

text: prices

text: reached

text: a

text: peak

text: in

text: season

text: seven

text: at

text: Estimated

text: revenue

text: more

text: than

text: doubled

text: from

text: million

text: in

text: season

text: three

text: to

text: million

text: in

text: season

text: six

text: While

text: that

text: declined

text: from

text: season

text: eight

text: onwards

text: it

text: still

text: earned

text: significantly

text: more

text: than

text: its

text: nearest

text: competitor

text: with

text: advertising

text: revenue

text: topping

text: million

text: annually

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: seasons

text: However

text: the

text: sharp

text: drop

text: in

text: ratings

text: in

text: season

text: eleven

text: also

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: sharp

text: drop

text: in

text: advertising

text: rate

text: for

text: season

text: twelve

text: and

text: the

text: show

text: lost

text: its

text: leading

text: position

text: as

text: the

text: costliest

text: show

text: for

text: advertisers

text: By

text: ad

text: revenue

text: from

text: had

text: fallen

text: to

text: million

text: where

text: a

text: spot

text: went

text: for

text: less

text: than

question: In which season did American Idol become the costliest show for advertising on television?

answer: season four

text: season four

question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot on the American Idol season four finale?

answer: $1.3 million

text: $1.3 million

question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in 2014?

answer: less than $300,000

text: less than $300,000

question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in its seventh season?

answer: $737,000

question: By what season was Idol the  highest advertising cost of all shows?

answer: four

text: four

question: How much did Idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8?

answer: 800 million

text: 800 million


text: Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, persistent methane clouds that form around the tropopause layer. The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer visible as a dark feature. Dark spots may dissipate when they migrate too close to the equator or possibly through some other unknown mechanism.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: Neptune

text: 's

text: dark

text: spots

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: troposphere

text: at

text: lower

text: altitudes

text: than

text: the

text: brighter

text: cloud

text: features

text: so

text: they

text: appear

text: as

text: holes

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: cloud

text: decks

text: As

text: they

text: are

text: stable

text: features

text: that

text: can

text: persist

text: for

text: several

text: months

text: they

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: vortex

text: structures

text: Often

text: associated

text: with

text: dark

text: spots

text: are

text: brighter

text: persistent

text: methane

text: clouds

text: that

text: form

text: around

text: the

text: tropopause

text: layer

text: The

text: persistence

text: of

text: companion

text: clouds

text: shows

text: that

text: some

text: former

text: dark

text: spots

text: may

text: continue

text: to

text: exist

text: as

text: cyclones

text: even

text: though

text: they

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: visible

text: as

text: a

text: dark

text: feature

text: Dark

text: spots

text: may

text: dissipate

text: when

text: they

text: migrate

text: too

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: equator

text: or

text: possibly

text: through

text: some

text: other

text: unknown

text: mechanism

question: Where are Neptune's dark spots thought to occur?

answer: in the troposphere

text: in the troposphere

question: What do Neptune's dark spots appear as in the cloud decks?

answer: holes

text: holes

question: Since Neptune's dark spots persist for several months, what are they thought to be?

answer: vortex structures

text: vortex structures

question: What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter?

answer: methane clouds

text: methane clouds

question: When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do?

answer: dissipate

text: dissipate

question: Where are Neptune's light spots thought to occur?

text: troposphere

question: What do Neptune's light spots appear as in the cloud decks?

text: holes

question: Since Neptune's light spots persist for several months, what are they thought to be?

text: vortex structures

question: What on Neptune are associated with light spots that are brighter?

text: methane clouds

question: When Neptune's light spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do?

text: dissipate


text: In Britain, further experiments in the genre boosted its appeal. House and rave clubs such as Lakota and Cream emerged across Britain, hosting house and dance scene events. The 'chilling out' concept developed in Britain with ambient house albums such as The KLF's Chill Out and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Twin. The Godskitchen superclub brand also began in the midst of the early 90's rave scene. After initially hosting small nights in Cambridge and Northampton, the associated events scaled up in Milton Keynes, Birmingham and Leeds. A new indie dance scene also emerged in the 90's. In New York, bands such as Deee-Lite furthered house's international influence. Two distinctive tracks from this era were the Orb's "Little Fluffy Clouds" (with a distinctive vocal sample from Rickie Lee Jones) and the Happy Mondays' "Wrote for Luck" ("WFL") which was transformed into a dance hit by Vince Clarke.

title: House_music

title: House_music

text: In

text: Britain

text: further

text: experiments

text: in

text: the

text: genre

text: boosted

text: its

text: appeal

text: House

text: and

text: rave

text: clubs

text: such

text: as

text: Lakota

text: and

text: Cream

text: emerged

text: across

text: Britain

text: hosting

text: house

text: and

text: dance

text: scene

text: events

text: The

text: chilling

text: out

text: concept

text: developed

text: in

text: Britain

text: with

text: ambient

text: house

text: albums

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: KLF

text: 's

text: Chill

text: Out

text: and

text: Analogue

text: Bubblebath

text: by

text: Aphex

text: Twin

text: The

text: Godskitchen

text: superclub

text: brand

text: also

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: midst

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: 's

text: rave

text: scene

text: After

text: initially

text: hosting

text: small

text: nights

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: and

text: Northampton

text: the

text: associated

text: events

text: scaled

text: up

text: in

text: Milton

text: Keynes

text: Birmingham

text: and

text: Leeds

text: A

text: new

text: indie

text: dance

text: scene

text: also

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: 's

text: In

text: New

text: York

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Deee

text: Lite

text: furthered

text: house

text: 's

text: international

text: influence

text: Two

text: distinctive

text: tracks

text: from

text: this

text: era

text: were

text: the

text: Orb

text: 's

text: Little

text: Fluffy

text: Clouds

text: with

text: a

text: distinctive

text: vocal

text: sample

text: from

text: Rickie

text: Lee

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Happy

text: Mondays

text: Wrote

text: for

text: Luck

text: WFL

text: which

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: dance

text: hit

text: by

text: Vince

text: Clarke

question: where did the "chilling out" concept develop?

answer: Britain

text: Britain

question: who released the album analogue bubblebath?

answer: Aphex Twin

text: Aphex Twin

question: where was the band deee-lite based?

answer: New York

text: New York

question: who released the track "little fluffy clouds"?

answer: Orb

text: Orb

question: who transformed happy mondays' "wrote for luck" into a dance hit?

answer: Vince Clarke

text: Vince Clarke

question: Where did the "indie dance" concept develop?

text: Britain

question: Who released the album "Fluffy Orb"?

text: Aphex Twin

question: Where was the band Fluffy Orb based?

text: New York

question: Who released the track "Little Indie Dance"?

text: Orb

question: Who transformed happy mondays' "Little Fluffy Clouds" into a dance hit?

text: Vince Clarke


text: However, as stealth technology grows, so does anti-stealth technology. Multiple transmitter radars such as those from bistatic radars and low-frequency radars are said to have the capabilities to detect stealth aircraft. Advanced forms of thermographic cameras such as those that incorporate QWIPs would be able to optically see a Stealth aircraft regardless of the aircraft's RCS. In addition, Side looking radars, High-powered optical satellites, and sky-scanning, high-aperture, high sensitivity radars such as radio telescopes, would all be able to narrow down the location of a stealth aircraft under certain parameters. The newest SAM's have a claimed ability to be able to detect and engage stealth targets, with the most notable being the S-400, which is claimed to be able to detect a target with a 0.05 meter squared RCS from 90 km away.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: However

text: as

text: stealth

text: technology

text: grows

text: so

text: does

text: anti

text: stealth

text: technology

text: Multiple

text: transmitter

text: radars

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: from

text: bistatic

text: radars

text: and

text: low

text: frequency

text: radars

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: capabilities

text: to

text: detect

text: stealth

text: aircraft

text: Advanced

text: forms

text: of

text: thermographic

text: cameras

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: that

text: incorporate

text: QWIPs

text: would

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: optically

text: see

text: a

text: Stealth

text: aircraft

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: aircraft

text: 's

text: RCS

text: In

text: addition

text: Side

text: looking

text: radars

text: High

text: powered

text: optical

text: satellites

text: and

text: sky

text: scanning

text: high

text: aperture

text: high

text: sensitivity

text: radars

text: such

text: as

text: radio

text: telescopes

text: would

text: all

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: narrow

text: down

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: a

text: stealth

text: aircraft

text: under

text: certain

text: parameters

text: The

text: newest

text: SAM

text: 's

text: have

text: a

text: claimed

text: ability

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: detect

text: and

text: engage

text: stealth

text: targets

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: being

text: the

text: which

text: is

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: detect

text: a

text: target

text: with

text: a

text: meter

text: squared

text: RCS

text: from

text: km

text: away

question: What continues to grow along with stealth technology?

answer: anti-stealth technology

text: anti-stealth technology

question: What can detect stealth aircraft?

answer: Multiple transmitter radars

text: Multiple transmitter radars

question: What can see stealth aircraft even with RCS?

answer: Advanced forms of thermographic cameras

text: Advanced forms of thermographic cameras

question: What is the most notable SAM that can detect a stealth target?

answer: the S-400

text: the S-400

question: How far away can the S-400 detect a target?

answer: 90 km away

text: 90 km away


text: In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 319,000 people were of various Hispanic and Latino groups, such as Dominican, Salvadoran, and so on. These groups collectively represented 22.9% of the population. At the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race). Asian Americans are a small but sizable minority in the borough. Roughly 49,600 Asians make up 3.6% of the population. Roughly 13,600 Indians call the Bronx home, along with 9,800 Chinese, 6,540 Filipinos, 2,260 Vietnamese, 2,010 Koreans, and 1,100 Japanese.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: In

text: Hispanic

text: and

text: Latino

text: Americans

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: population

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: borough

text: 's

text: population

text: Over

text: Mexicans

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: they

text: formed

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Cubans

text: numbered

text: over

text: members

text: and

text: formed

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: In

text: addition

text: over

text: people

text: were

text: of

text: various

text: Hispanic

text: and

text: Latino

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Dominican

text: Salvadoran

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: These

text: groups

text: collectively

text: represented

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: At

text: the

text: Census

text: of

text: Bronx

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: of

text: Hispanic

text: Latino

text: or

text: Spanish

text: origin

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: Asian

text: Americans

text: are

text: a

text: small

text: but

text: sizable

text: minority

text: in

text: the

text: borough

text: Roughly

text: Asians

text: make

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Roughly

text: Indians

text: call

text: the

text: Bronx

text: home

text: along

text: with

text: Chinese

text: Filipinos

text: Vietnamese

text: Koreans

text: and

text: Japanese

question: What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans?

answer: 52.0%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Puerto Rican?

answer: 23.2%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Mexican?

answer: 5.2%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Cuban?

answer: 0.7%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Asian?

answer: 3.6%


text: Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes. They revisit sites every few weeks or months and archive a new version if the content has changed. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who are offered a link to do so. The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet.

title: Wayback_Machine

title: Wayback_Machine

text: Since

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: archiving

text: cached

text: pages

text: of

text: web

text: sites

text: onto

text: their

text: large

text: cluster

text: of

text: Linux

text: nodes

text: They

text: revisit

text: sites

text: every

text: few

text: weeks

text: or

text: months

text: and

text: archive

text: a

text: new

text: version

text: if

text: the

text: content

text: has

text: changed

text: Sites

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: captured

text: on

text: the

text: fly

text: by

text: visitors

text: who

text: are

text: offered

text: a

text: link

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: The

text: intent

text: is

text: to

text: capture

text: and

text: archive

text: content

text: that

text: otherwise

text: would

text: be

text: lost

text: whenever

text: a

text: site

text: is

text: changed

text: or

text: closed

text: down

text: Their

text: grand

text: vision

text: is

text: to

text: archive

text: the

text: entire

text: Internet

question: What operating system is used on Wayback Machine's servers?

answer: Linux

text: Linux

question: When does Wayback Machine save a copy of a website?

answer: if the content has changed

text: if the content has changed

question: What is the ultimate aim of the Wayback Machine?

answer: to archive the entire Internet

text: to archive the entire Internet

question: What operating system is used on the internet's servers?

text: Linux

question: When does the internet save a copy of a website?

text: if the content has changed

question: What is the ultimate aim of the visitors?

text: to archive the entire Internet

question: Where can sites be captured by Linux clusters?

text: on the fly

question: What Linux nodes are hoped to be captured?


text: Saxophones appear in some scores from the late 19th century onwards. While appearing only as featured solo instruments in some works, for example Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition and Sergei Rachmaninoff's Symphonic Dances, the saxophone is included in other works, such as Ravel's Boléro, Sergei Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet Suites 1 and 2 and many other works as a member of the orchestral ensemble. The euphonium is featured in a few late Romantic and 20th-century works, usually playing parts marked "tenor tuba", including Gustav Holst's The Planets, and Richard Strauss's Ein Heldenleben.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Saxophones

text: appear

text: in

text: some

text: scores

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: onwards

text: While

text: appearing

text: only

text: as

text: featured

text: solo

text: instruments

text: in

text: some

text: works

text: for

text: example

text: Maurice

text: Ravel

text: 's

text: orchestration

text: of

text: Modest

text: Mussorgsky

text: 's

text: Pictures

text: at

text: an

text: Exhibition

text: and

text: Sergei

text: Rachmaninoff

text: 's

text: Symphonic

text: Dances

text: the

text: saxophone

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: other

text: works

text: such

text: as

text: Ravel

text: 's

text: Boléro

text: Sergei

text: Prokofiev

text: 's

text: Romeo

text: and

text: Juliet

text: Suites

text: and

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: works

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: orchestral

text: ensemble

text: The

text: euphonium

text: is

text: featured

text: in

text: a

text: few

text: late

text: Romantic

text: and

text: century

text: works

text: usually

text: playing

text: parts

text: marked

text: tenor

text: tuba

text: including

text: Gustav

text: Holst

text: 's

text: The

text: Planets

text: and

text: Richard

text: Strauss

text: 's

text: Ein

text: Heldenleben

question: When do saxophones first appear in scores?

answer: the late 19th century

text: the late 19th century

question: Saxophone was featured as a solo instrument in what Sergei Rachmaninoff piece?

answer: Symphonic Dances

text: Symphonic Dances

question: How is the saxophone features in Ravel's Bolero?

answer: as a member of the orchestral ensemble

text: as a member of the orchestral ensemble

question: The euphonium usually played parts marked as what?

answer: "tenor tuba"

text: "tenor tuba"

question: Who wrote The Planets?

answer: Gustav Holst

text: Gustav Holst


text: The rulers of the expansionist Qin dynasty, based in present-day Gansu and Shaanxi, were only the first strategists to realize that the area's military importance matched its commercial and agricultural significance. The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, and mountainous areas of Yunnan to the south. Since the Yangtze flows through the basin and then through the perilous Yangzi Gorges to eastern and southern China, Sichuan was a staging area for amphibious military forces and a refuge for political refugees.[citation needed]

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: The

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: expansionist

text: Qin

text: dynasty

text: based

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Gansu

text: and

text: Shaanxi

text: were

text: only

text: the

text: first

text: strategists

text: to

text: realize

text: that

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: military

text: importance

text: matched

text: its

text: commercial

text: and

text: agricultural

text: significance

text: The

text: Sichuan

text: basin

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Qin

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: mountainous

text: areas

text: of

text: Yunnan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Since

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: basin

text: and

text: then

text: through

text: the

text: perilous

text: Yangzi

text: Gorges

text: to

text: eastern

text: and

text: southern

text: China

text: Sichuan

text: was

text: a

text: staging

text: area

text: for

text: amphibious

text: military

text: forces

text: and

text: a

text: refuge

text: for

text: political

text: refugees.[citation

text: needed

question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the west?

answer: the Himalayas

text: the Himalayas

question: What mountains surround the Sichuan basin to the North?

answer: Qin Mountains

text: Qin Mountains

question: What river flows through the Sichuan basin?

answer: Yangtze

text: Yangtze

question: Where was the Qin dynasty based?

answer: present-day Gansu and Shaanxi

text: present-day Gansu and Shaanxi

question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South?

answer: mountainous areas of Yunnan

text: mountainous areas of Yunnan

question: What mountain range surrounds the entire Sichuan Basin?

text: Himalayas

question: What dynasty was based in the Himalayas?

text: Qin dynasty

question: What river flows south of the Sichuan basin?

text: Yangtze

question: What mountain range was a staging area for military forces?

text: Himalayas

question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the east?

text: Himalayas

question: What mountains surround the China basin to the North?

text: Qin Mountains

question: What river flows through the China basin?

text: Yangtze

question: Where was the Yangtze dynasty based?

text: present-day Gansu and Shaanxi

question: What surrounds the China basin to the South?

text: mountainous areas of Yunnan


text: Paul VI opened the third period on 14 September 1964, telling the Council Fathers that he viewed the text about the Church as the most important document to come out from the Council. As the Council discussed the role of bishops in the papacy, Paul VI issued an explanatory note confirming the primacy of the papacy, a step which was viewed by some as meddling in the affairs of the Council American bishops pushed for a speedy resolution on religious freedom, but Paul VI insisted this to be approved together with related texts such as ecumenism. The Pope concluded the session on 21 November 1964, with the formal pronouncement of Mary as Mother of the Church.

title: Pope_Paul_VI

title: Pope_Paul_VI

text: Paul

text: VI

text: opened

text: the

text: third

text: period

text: on

text: September

text: telling

text: the

text: Council

text: Fathers

text: that

text: he

text: viewed

text: the

text: text

text: about

text: the

text: Church

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: document

text: to

text: come

text: out

text: from

text: the

text: Council

text: As

text: the

text: Council

text: discussed

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: bishops

text: in

text: the

text: papacy

text: Paul

text: VI

text: issued

text: an

text: explanatory

text: note

text: confirming

text: the

text: primacy

text: of

text: the

text: papacy

text: a

text: step

text: which

text: was

text: viewed

text: by

text: some

text: as

text: meddling

text: in

text: the

text: affairs

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: American

text: bishops

text: pushed

text: for

text: a

text: speedy

text: resolution

text: on

text: religious

text: freedom

text: but

text: Paul

text: VI

text: insisted

text: this

text: to

text: be

text: approved

text: together

text: with

text: related

text: texts

text: such

text: as

text: ecumenism

text: The

text: Pope

text: concluded

text: the

text: session

text: on

text: November

text: with

text: the

text: formal

text: pronouncement

text: of

text: Mary

text: as

text: Mother

text: of

text: the

text: Church

question: What topic did Paul VI see as the most important to the church counsel?

answer: Church

text: Church

question: Who did Paul VI feel was most important in the Catholic Hierarchy?

answer: papacy

text: papacy

question: What did the American Counsel of Bishops rally for?

answer: religious freedom

text: religious freedom

question: What Saint did Paul VI denote as mother of the Catholic church?

answer: Mary

text: Mary

question: In what year did Paul VI formally appoint Mary as mother of the Catholic church?

answer: 1964


text: Selfridges was established in 1909 by American-born Harry Gordon Selfridge on Oxford Street. The company's innovative marketing promoted the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity and its techniques were adopted by modern department stores the world over. The store was extensively promoted through paid advertising. The shop floors were structured so that goods could be made more accessible to customers. There were elegant restaurants with modest prices, a library, reading and writing rooms, special reception rooms for French, German, American and "Colonial" customers, a First Aid Room, and a Silence Room, with soft lights, deep chairs, and double-glazing, all intended to keep customers in the store as long as possible. Staff members were taught to be on hand to assist customers, but not too aggressively, and to sell the merchandise. Selfridge attracted shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits; – in 1909, Louis Blériot's monoplane was exhibited at Selfridges (Blériot was the first to fly over the English Channel), and the first public demonstration of television by John Logie Baird took place in the department store in 1925.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: Selfridges

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: American

text: born

text: Harry

text: Gordon

text: Selfridge

text: on

text: Oxford

text: Street

text: The

text: company

text: 's

text: innovative

text: marketing

text: promoted

text: the

text: radical

text: notion

text: of

text: shopping

text: for

text: pleasure

text: rather

text: than

text: necessity

text: and

text: its

text: techniques

text: were

text: adopted

text: by

text: modern

text: department

text: stores

text: the

text: world

text: over

text: The

text: store

text: was

text: extensively

text: promoted

text: through

text: paid

text: advertising

text: The

text: shop

text: floors

text: were

text: structured

text: so

text: that

text: goods

text: could

text: be

text: made

text: more

text: accessible

text: to

text: customers

text: There

text: were

text: elegant

text: restaurants

text: with

text: modest

text: prices

text: a

text: library

text: reading

text: and

text: writing

text: rooms

text: special

text: reception

text: rooms

text: for

text: French

text: German

text: American

text: and

text: Colonial

text: customers

text: a

text: First

text: Aid

text: Room

text: and

text: a

text: Silence

text: Room

text: with

text: soft

text: lights

text: deep

text: chairs

text: and

text: double

text: glazing

text: all

text: intended

text: to

text: keep

text: customers

text: in

text: the

text: store

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: possible

text: Staff

text: members

text: were

text: taught

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: hand

text: to

text: assist

text: customers

text: but

text: not

text: too

text: aggressively

text: and

text: to

text: sell

text: the

text: merchandise

text: Selfridge

text: attracted

text: shoppers

text: with

text: educational

text: and

text: scientific

text: exhibits

text: in

text: Louis

text: Blériot

text: 's

text: monoplane

text: was

text: exhibited

text: at

text: Selfridges

text: Blériot

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: fly

text: over

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: demonstration

text: of

text: television

text: by

text: John

text: Logie

text: Baird

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: department

text: store

text: in

question: Who founded Selfridges in 1909?

answer: Harry Gordon Selfridge

text: Harry Gordon Selfridge

question: What made Selfridges different from many department stores at the time?

answer: the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity

text: the radical notion of shopping for pleasure rather than necessity

question: How was the store most often presented to the public?

answer: paid advertising

text: paid advertising

question: What sort of customers did Selfridges most often cater to?

answer: shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits

text: shoppers with educational and scientific exhibits

question: Who founded Selfridges in 1990?

text: Harry Gordon Selfridge

question: Who closed Selfridges in 1909?

text: Harry Gordon Selfridge

question: What made Selfridges the same as many department stores at the time?

question: How wasn't the store most often presented to the public?

text: paid advertising

question: What sort of customers did Selfridges least often cater to?


text: Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Although Germany never formally annexed Alsace-Lorraine, it was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgaue. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned Westmark. During the war, 130,000 young men from Alsace and Lorraine were inducted into the German army against their will (malgré-nous) and in some cases, the Waffen SS. Some of the latter were involved in war crimes such as the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre. Most of them perished on the eastern front. The few that could escape fled to Switzerland or joined the resistance. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Germany

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: Although

text: Germany

text: never

text: formally

text: annexed

text: Alsace

text: Lorraine

text: it

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Greater

text: German

text: Reich

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: restructured

text: into

text: Reichsgaue

text: Alsace

text: was

text: merged

text: with

text: Baden

text: and

text: Lorraine

text: with

text: the

text: Saarland

text: to

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: planned

text: Westmark

text: During

text: the

text: war

text: young

text: men

text: from

text: Alsace

text: and

text: Lorraine

text: were

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: German

text: army

text: against

text: their

text: will

text: malgré

text: nous

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: Waffen

text: SS

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: war

text: crimes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Oradour

text: sur

text: Glane

text: massacre

text: Most

text: of

text: them

text: perished

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: front

text: The

text: few

text: that

text: could

text: escape

text: fled

text: to

text: Switzerland

text: or

text: joined

text: the

text: resistance

text: In

text: July

text: malgré

text: nous

text: were

text: released

text: from

text: Soviet

text: captivity

text: and

text: sent

text: to

text: Algiers

text: where

text: they

text: joined

text: the

text: Free

text: French

text: Forces

question: What year was Alsace-Lorraine occupied by Germany?

answer: 1940

question: Approximately how many Alsace and Lorraine men were forced into the German army during World War II?

answer: 130,000

question: Which group of people were released by the Russians to Algiers?

answer: malgré-nous

text: malgré-nous

question: When did Germany officially annex Alsace?

question: Baden and Saarland were merged to form what?

text: Reichsgaue

question: How many men from Alsace alone were conscripted into the German army?

question: 130,000 men were involved in what massacre?

text: the Oradour-sur-Glane

question: How many soldiers managed to join the resistance?


text: In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: In

text: Schwarzenegger

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: opened

text: a

text: restaurant

text: in

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: called

text: Schatzi

text: On

text: Main

text: Schatzi

text: literally

text: means

text: little

text: treasure

text: colloquial

text: for

text: honey

text: or

text: darling

text: in

text: German

text: In

text: he

text: sold

text: his

text: restaurant

question: What's the name of the restaurant Schwarzenegger opened with his wife?

answer: Schatzi On Main

text: Schatzi On Main

question: Where is the Schwarzenegger restaurant located?

answer: Santa Monica

text: Santa Monica

question: What is the literal translation of the word "schatzi"?

answer: little treasure

text: little treasure

question: What year did Schwarzenegger sell Schatzi on Main?

answer: 1998


text: The graphic novel—book-length comics—began to gain attention after Will Eisner popularized the term with his book A Contract with God (1978). The term became widely known with the public after the commercial success of Maus, Watchmen, and The Dark Knight Returns in the mid-1980s. In the 21st century graphic novels became established in mainstream bookstores and libraries and webcomics became common.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: The

text: graphic

text: novel

text: book

text: length

text: comics

text: began

text: to

text: gain

text: attention

text: after

text: Will

text: Eisner

text: popularized

text: the

text: term

text: with

text: his

text: book

text: A

text: Contract

text: with

text: God

text: The

text: term

text: became

text: widely

text: known

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: after

text: the

text: commercial

text: success

text: of

text: Maus

text: Watchmen

text: and

text: The

text: Dark

text: Knight

text: Returns

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: graphic

text: novels

text: became

text: established

text: in

text: mainstream

text: bookstores

text: and

text: libraries

text: and

text: webcomics

text: became

text: common

question: What is a comic that is as long as a book called?

answer: graphic novel

text: graphic novel

question: Who helped "graphic novel" get public attention?

answer: Will Eisner

text: Will Eisner

question: What decade did the term "graphic novel" become well known by the public?

answer: 1980s

question: In addition to printed graphic novels in stores, what became popular online?

answer: webcomics

text: webcomics

question: The popularity of the Watchmen, The Dark Knight Returns and what other comic helped popularize "graphic novel" as a term?

answer: Maus

text: Maus

question: What is a comic that is as short as a book called?

text: graphic novel

question: Who helped "graphic novel" lose public attention?

text: Will Eisner

question: What decade did the term "graphic novel" become lesser known by the public?

question: In addition to printed graphic novels in stores, what became popular offline?

text: webcomics

question: The loss in popularity of the Watchmen, The Dark Knight Returns and what other comic helped popularize "graphic novel" as a term?

text: Maus


text: A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure. The results showed "a consistent and reproducible distinction between 'northern' and 'southern' European population groups". Most northern, central, and eastern Europeans (Finns, Swedes, English, Irish, Germans, and Ukrainians) showed >90% in the "northern" population group, while most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, Spaniards) showed >85% in the "southern" group. Both Ashkenazi Jews as well as Sephardic Jews showed >85% membership in the "southern" group. Referring to the Jews clustering with southern Europeans, the authors state the results were "consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups".

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: A

text: study

text: by

text: Seldin

text: et

text: al

text: used

text: over

text: five

text: thousand

text: autosomal

text: SNPs

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: European

text: genetic

text: substructure

text: The

text: results

text: showed

text: a

text: consistent

text: and

text: reproducible

text: distinction

text: between

text: northern

text: and

text: southern

text: European

text: population

text: groups

text: Most

text: northern

text: central

text: and

text: eastern

text: Europeans

text: Finns

text: Swedes

text: English

text: Irish

text: Germans

text: and

text: Ukrainians

text: showed

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: population

text: group

text: while

text: most

text: individual

text: participants

text: with

text: southern

text: European

text: ancestry

text: Italians

text: Greeks

text: Portuguese

text: Spaniards

text: showed

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: group

text: Both

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Sephardic

text: Jews

text: showed

text: membership

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: group

text: Referring

text: to

text: the

text: Jews

text: clustering

text: with

text: southern

text: Europeans

text: the

text: authors

text: state

text: the

text: results

text: were

text: consistent

text: with

text: a

text: later

text: Mediterranean

text: origin

text: of

text: these

text: ethnic

text: groups

question: In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used?

answer: five thousand

text: five thousand


text: The Abbot of Monte Cassino, Desiderius sent envoys to Constantinople some time after 1066 to hire expert Byzantine mosaicists for the decoration of the rebuilt abbey church. According to chronicler Leo of Ostia the Greek artists decorated the apse, the arch and the vestibule of the basilica. Their work was admired by contemporaries but was totally destroyed in later centuries except two fragments depicting greyhounds (now in the Monte Cassino Museum). "The abbot in his wisdom decided that great number of young monks in the monastery should be thoroughly initiated in these arts" – says the chronicler about the role of the Greeks in the revival of mosaic art in medieval Italy.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: Abbot

text: of

text: Monte

text: Cassino

text: Desiderius

text: sent

text: envoys

text: to

text: Constantinople

text: some

text: time

text: after

text: to

text: hire

text: expert

text: Byzantine

text: mosaicists

text: for

text: the

text: decoration

text: of

text: the

text: rebuilt

text: abbey

text: church

text: According

text: to

text: chronicler

text: Leo

text: of

text: Ostia

text: the

text: Greek

text: artists

text: decorated

text: the

text: apse

text: the

text: arch

text: and

text: the

text: vestibule

text: of

text: the

text: basilica

text: Their

text: work

text: was

text: admired

text: by

text: contemporaries

text: but

text: was

text: totally

text: destroyed

text: in

text: later

text: centuries

text: except

text: two

text: fragments

text: depicting

text: greyhounds

text: now

text: in

text: the

text: Monte

text: Cassino

text: Museum

text: The

text: abbot

text: in

text: his

text: wisdom

text: decided

text: that

text: great

text: number

text: of

text: young

text: monks

text: in

text: the

text: monastery

text: should

text: be

text: thoroughly

text: initiated

text: in

text: these

text: arts

text: says

text: the

text: chronicler

text: about

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: in

text: the

text: revival

text: of

text: mosaic

text: art

text: in

text: medieval

text: Italy

question: Who hired Byzantine experts to decorate a rebuilt abbey church?

answer: The Abbot of Monte Cassino

text: The Abbot of Monte Cassino

question: After what time did the Abbot of Monte Cassino send for Byzantine mosaicists?

answer: 1066

question: What animal was on the only surviving mosaics created by the greeks at the rebuilt abbey?

answer: greyhounds

text: greyhounds

question: Where are the only remaining greek mosaic panels now kept?

answer: in the Monte Cassino Museum

text: in the Monte Cassino Museum


text: Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system. The current Spanish constitution has been implemented in such a way that, in many respects, Spain can be compared to countries which are undeniably federal.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Spain

text: is

text: a

text: unitary

text: state

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: decentralisation

text: often

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: federal

text: system

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: name

text: or

text: a

text: federation

text: without

text: federalism

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: been

text: quoted

text: as

text: being

text: an

text: extraordinarily

text: decentralized

text: country

text: with

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: accounting

text: for

text: just

text: of

text: public

text: spending

text: for

text: the

text: regional

text: governments

text: for

text: the

text: local

text: councils

text: and

text: the

text: remaining

text: for

text: the

text: social

text: security

text: system

text: The

text: current

text: Spanish

text: constitution

text: has

text: been

text: implemented

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: way

text: that

text: in

text: many

text: respects

text: Spain

text: can

text: be

text: compared

text: to

text: countries

text: which

text: are

text: undeniably

text: federal

question: What type of state is Spain?

answer: unitary state

text: unitary state

question: What type of federalism system does Spain have?

answer: unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism"

text: unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism"

question: What type of government does Spain have?

answer: central government

text: central government

question: What does Spain's government accounts for?

answer: 8% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system

text: 8% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system

question: What type of state isn't Spain?

text: unitary state

question: What type of federalism system does Spain reject?

question: What type of communism system does Spain have?

question: What type of government doesn't Spain have?

text: central government

question: What does Spain's government not account for?


text: Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outside the government, determine the curriculum and accreditation of new schools and colleges. Primary education in Arabic and Islamic studies is available to Kerala Muslims almost entirely in after-school madrasa programs - sharply unlike full-time madaris common in north India, which may replace formal schooling. Arabic colleges (over eleven of which exist within the state-run University of Calicut and the Kannur University) provide B.A. and Masters' level degrees. At all levels, instruction is co-educational, with many women instructors and professors. Islamic education boards are independently run by the following organizations, accredited by the Kerala state government: Samastha Kerala Islamic Education Board, Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, and Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: Today

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Islamic

text: education

text: has

text: grown

text: and

text: further

text: integrated

text: with

text: Kerala

text: government

text: administration

text: In

text: an

text: estimated

text: Muslim

text: Arabic

text: teachers

text: taught

text: in

text: Kerala

text: government

text: schools

text: with

text: over

text: Muslim

text: students

text: State

text: appointed

text: committees

text: not

text: private

text: mosques

text: or

text: religious

text: scholars

text: outside

text: the

text: government

text: determine

text: the

text: curriculum

text: and

text: accreditation

text: of

text: new

text: schools

text: and

text: colleges

text: Primary

text: education

text: in

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Islamic

text: studies

text: is

text: available

text: to

text: Kerala

text: Muslims

text: almost

text: entirely

text: in

text: after

text: school

text: madrasa

text: programs

text: sharply

text: unlike

text: full

text: time

text: madaris

text: common

text: in

text: north

text: India

text: which

text: may

text: replace

text: formal

text: schooling

text: Arabic

text: colleges

text: over

text: eleven

text: of

text: which

text: exist

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: run

text: University

text: of

text: Calicut

text: and

text: the

text: Kannur

text: University

text: provide

text: B.A.

text: and

text: Masters

text: level

text: degrees

text: At

text: all

text: levels

text: instruction

text: is

text: co

text: educational

text: with

text: many

text: women

text: instructors

text: and

text: professors

text: Islamic

text: education

text: boards

text: are

text: independently

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: following

text: organizations

text: accredited

text: by

text: the

text: Kerala

text: state

text: government

text: Samastha

text: Kerala

text: Islamic

text: Education

text: Board

text: Kerala

text: Nadvathul

text: Mujahideen

text: Jamaat

text: e

text: Islami

text: Hind

text: and

text: Jamiat

text: Ulema

text: e

text: Hind

question: How many Muslim students are there in Kerala?

answer: over 500,000

text: over 500,000

question: How many Muslim teachers are there in Kerala?

answer: 6,000

question: Who determines the content taught in Arabic public schools?

answer: State-appointed committees

text: State-appointed committees

question: What types of programs provide traditional Islamic teaching?

answer: after-school

text: after-school

question: What is the format of school for girls and boys?

answer: co-educational

text: co-educational

question: How many non-Muslim students are there in Kerala?

question: Who does not determine the content taught in Arabic public schools?

text: State-appointed committees

question: What types of programs provide non-traditional Islamic teaching?

text: after-school

question: What is the format of school for adults?

text: co-educational


text: Subjective idealists like George Berkeley are anti-realists in terms of a mind-independent world, whereas transcendental idealists like Immanuel Kant are strong skeptics of such a world, affirming epistemological and not metaphysical idealism. Thus Kant defines idealism as "the assertion that we can never be certain whether all of our putative outer experience is not mere imagining". He claimed that, according to idealism, "the reality of external objects does not admit of strict proof. On the contrary, however, the reality of the object of our internal sense (of myself and state) is clear immediately through consciousness."  However, not all idealists restrict the real or the knowable to our immediate subjective experience. Objective idealists make claims about a transempirical world, but simply deny that this world is essentially divorced from or ontologically prior to the mental. Thus Plato and Gottfried Leibniz affirm an objective and knowable reality transcending our subjective awareness—a rejection of epistemological idealism—but propose that this reality is grounded in ideal entities, a form of metaphysical idealism. Nor do all metaphysical idealists agree on the nature of the ideal; for Plato, the fundamental entities were non-mental abstract forms, while for Leibniz they were proto-mental and concrete monads.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: Subjective

text: idealists

text: like

text: George

text: Berkeley

text: are

text: anti

text: realists

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: a

text: mind

text: independent

text: world

text: whereas

text: transcendental

text: idealists

text: like

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: are

text: strong

text: skeptics

text: of

text: such

text: a

text: world

text: affirming

text: epistemological

text: and

text: not

text: metaphysical

text: idealism

text: Thus

text: Kant

text: defines

text: idealism

text: as

text: the

text: assertion

text: that

text: we

text: can

text: never

text: be

text: certain

text: whether

text: all

text: of

text: our

text: putative

text: outer

text: experience

text: is

text: not

text: mere

text: imagining

text: He

text: claimed

text: that

text: according

text: to

text: idealism

text: the

text: reality

text: of

text: external

text: objects

text: does

text: not

text: admit

text: of

text: strict

text: proof

text: On

text: the

text: contrary

text: however

text: the

text: reality

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: of

text: our

text: internal

text: sense

text: of

text: myself

text: and

text: state

text: is

text: clear

text: immediately

text: through

text: consciousness

text: However

text: not

text: all

text: idealists

text: restrict

text: the

text: real

text: or

text: the

text: knowable

text: to

text: our

text: immediate

text: subjective

text: experience

text: Objective

text: idealists

text: make

text: claims

text: about

text: a

text: transempirical

text: world

text: but

text: simply

text: deny

text: that

text: this

text: world

text: is

text: essentially

text: divorced

text: from

text: or

text: ontologically

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: mental

text: Thus

text: Plato

text: and

text: Gottfried

text: Leibniz

text: affirm

text: an

text: objective

text: and

text: knowable

text: reality

text: transcending

text: our

text: subjective

text: awareness

text: a

text: rejection

text: of

text: epistemological

text: idealism

text: but

text: propose

text: that

text: this

text: reality

text: is

text: grounded

text: in

text: ideal

text: entities

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: metaphysical

text: idealism

text: Nor

text: do

text: all

text: metaphysical

text: idealists

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: ideal

text: for

text: Plato

text: the

text: fundamental

text: entities

text: were

text: non

text: mental

text: abstract

text: forms

text: while

text: for

text: Leibniz

text: they

text: were

text: proto

text: mental

text: and

text: concrete

text: monads

question: Who is a notable subjective idealist?

answer: George Berkeley

text: George Berkeley

question: What famous philosopher was a transcendental idealist?

answer: Immanuel Kant

text: Immanuel Kant

question: Who are subjective idealists opposed to?

answer: realists

text: realists

question: Along with Plato, what notable philosopher rejected epistemological idealism?

answer: Gottfried Leibniz

text: Gottfried Leibniz

question: Who believed the essence of reality to be composed of monads?

answer: Leibniz

text: Leibniz

question: What idealist is George Berkeley most similar to?

text: Immanuel Kant

question: Berkeley defines idealism by saying we can never be sure of what?

question: What did Kant say reality needed to admit?

text: strict proof

question: Who are subjective idealists in agreement with?

text: Objective

question: Who disagreed with Plato's rejection of epistemological idealism?

text: Gottfried Leibniz


text: Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and comment requirement is to provide for meaningful public participation in the rulemaking process." summarized the Ninth Circuit court in the case of Idaho Farm Bureau Federation v. Babbitt.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: Public

text: notice

text: is

text: given

text: through

text: legal

text: notices

text: in

text: newspapers

text: and

text: communicated

text: to

text: state

text: and

text: county

text: agencies

text: within

text: the

text: species

text: area

text: Foreign

text: nations

text: may

text: also

text: receive

text: notice

text: of

text: a

text: listing

text: A

text: public

text: hearing

text: is

text: mandatory

text: if

text: any

text: person

text: has

text: requested

text: one

text: within

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: published

text: notice

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: notice

text: and

text: comment

text: requirement

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: for

text: meaningful

text: public

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: rulemaking

text: process

text: summarized

text: the

text: Ninth

text: Circuit

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: Idaho

text: Farm

text: Bureau

text: Federation

text: v.

text: Babbitt

question: How is public notice given regarding a listing?

answer: through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area

text: through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area

question: How long after a published notice of the listing may a public hearing regarding the listing be requested?

answer: 45 days

text: 45 days

question: Do listing notices cross international soil?

answer: Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing

text: Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing

question: How are policy changes communicated to state and counties?

text: legal notices in newspapers

question: How long does a public hearing last?

text: 45 days

question: What case took 45 days to be heard?

text: Idaho Farm Bureau Federation v. Babbitt

question: Which court publishes legal notices?

text: the Ninth Circuit

question: What is not given to foreign nations?

text: notice of a listing


text: Myanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Myanmar

text: myan

text: MAR

text: i

text: miɑːnˈmɑːr/

text: mee

text: ahn

text: MAR

text: /miˈɛnmɑːr/

text: mee

text: EN

text: mar

text: or

text: /maɪˈænmɑːr/

text: my

text: AN

text: mar

text: also

text: with

text: the

text: stress

text: on

text: first

text: syllable

text: Burmese

text: pronunciation

text: mjəmà]),[nb

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Burma

text: is

text: a

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bangladesh

text: India

text: China

text: Laos

text: and

text: Thailand

text: One

text: third

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: total

text: perimeter

text: of

text: km

text: miles

text: forms

text: an

text: uninterrupted

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: and

text: the

text: Andaman

text: Sea

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: census

text: revealed

text: a

text: much

text: lower

text: population

text: than

text: expected

text: with

text: million

text: people

text: recorded

text: Myanmar

text: is

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: in

text: size

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Naypyidaw

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Yangon

text: Rangoon

question: How much a  Myanmar's boundaries are encompassed by beachfront lands?

answer: (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline

text: (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline

question: How many people dwell in  Myanmar ?

answer: 51 million people recorded

text: 51 million people recorded

question: What is the land mass of  Myanmar ?

answer: Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size

text: Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size

question: Is the capital city the holder of the largest amount of the population in  Myanmar ?

answer: largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)

text: largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)

question: What is the name of the capital city of Myanmar?

answer: capital city is Naypyidaw

text: capital city is Naypyidaw


text: All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: All

text: equipment

text: must

text: be

text: suitable

text: for

text: a

text: mixed

text: gender

text: force

text: Combat

text: helmets

text: rucksacks

text: combat

text: boots

text: and

text: flak

text: jackets

text: are

text: designed

text: to

text: ensure

text: women

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: of

text: protection

text: and

text: comfort

text: as

text: their

text: male

text: colleagues

text: The

text: women

text: 's

text: uniform

text: is

text: similar

text: in

text: design

text: to

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: uniform

text: but

text: conforms

text: to

text: the

text: female

text: figure

text: and

text: is

text: functional

text: and

text: practical

text: Women

text: are

text: also

text: provided

text: with

text: an

text: annual

text: financial

text: entitlement

text: for

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: brassiere

text: undergarments

question: What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?

answer: equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force

text: equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force

question: What are some of the equipment used by both men and women?

answer: Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots

text: Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots

question: What special entitlement are women provided as part of their service?

answer: an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments

text: an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments

question: What is a requirement for equipment for the CE?

question: What are some of the equipment used by neither men and women?

question: What special entitlement are men provided as part of their service?


text: Early court cases focused on the liability of Internet service providers (ISPs) for hosting, transmitting or publishing user-supplied content that could be actioned under civil or criminal law, such as libel, defamation, or pornography. As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence of common definitions for "ISPs," "bulletin boards" or "online publishers," early law on online intermediaries' liability varied widely from country to country. The first laws on online intermediaries' liability were passed from the mid-1990s onwards.[citation needed]

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Early

text: court

text: cases

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: liability

text: of

text: Internet

text: service

text: providers

text: ISPs

text: for

text: hosting

text: transmitting

text: or

text: publishing

text: user

text: supplied

text: content

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: actioned

text: under

text: civil

text: or

text: criminal

text: law

text: such

text: as

text: libel

text: defamation

text: or

text: pornography

text: As

text: different

text: content

text: was

text: considered

text: in

text: different

text: legal

text: systems

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: common

text: definitions

text: for

text: ISPs

text: bulletin

text: boards

text: or

text: online

text: publishers

text: early

text: law

text: on

text: online

text: intermediaries

text: liability

text: varied

text: widely

text: from

text: country

text: to

text: country

text: The

text: first

text: laws

text: on

text: online

text: intermediaries

text: liability

text: were

text: passed

text: from

text: the

text: onwards.[citation

text: needed

question: Who did early court cases focus on?

answer: Internet service providers

text: Internet service providers

question: What could be sued for under civil or criminal law?

answer: libel, defamation, or pornography

text: libel, defamation, or pornography

question: What was the result of early law on online liability?

answer: varied widely from country to country

text: varied widely from country to country

question: When were the first laws of liability passed?

answer: mid-1990s

question: Who didn't early court cases focus on?

text: Internet service providers

question: Who did late court cases focus on?

text: Internet service providers

question: What couldn't be sued for under civil or criminal law?

text: libel, defamation, or pornography

question: What was the result of early law on offline liability?

text: varied widely from country to country

question: When were the last laws of liability passed?


text: A uniquely Creole tradition is the touloulous. These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called universities; in reality, large dance halls that open only at Carnival time. Touloulous get in free, and are even given condoms in the interest of the sexual health of the community. Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised. The touloulous pick their dance partners, who may not refuse. The setup is designed to make it easy for a woman to create a temporary liaison with a man in total anonymity. Undisguised women are not welcomed. By tradition, if such a woman gets up to dance, the orchestra stops playing. Alcohol is served at bars – the disguised women whisper to the men "touloulou thirsty", at which a round of drinks is expected, to be drunk through a straw protect their anonymity.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: A

text: uniquely

text: Creole

text: tradition

text: is

text: the

text: touloulous

text: These

text: women

text: wear

text: decorative

text: gowns

text: gloves

text: masks

text: and

text: headdresses

text: that

text: cover

text: them

text: completely

text: making

text: them

text: unrecognisable

text: even

text: to

text: the

text: colour

text: of

text: their

text: skin

text: On

text: Friday

text: and

text: Saturday

text: nights

text: of

text: Carnival

text: touloulou

text: balls

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: so

text: called

text: universities

text: in

text: reality

text: large

text: dance

text: halls

text: that

text: open

text: only

text: at

text: Carnival

text: time

text: Touloulous

text: get

text: in

text: free

text: and

text: are

text: even

text: given

text: condoms

text: in

text: the

text: interest

text: of

text: the

text: sexual

text: health

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: Men

text: attend

text: the

text: balls

text: but

text: they

text: pay

text: admittance

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: disguised

text: The

text: touloulous

text: pick

text: their

text: dance

text: partners

text: who

text: may

text: not

text: refuse

text: The

text: setup

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: easy

text: for

text: a

text: woman

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: temporary

text: liaison

text: with

text: a

text: man

text: in

text: total

text: anonymity

text: Undisguised

text: women

text: are

text: not

text: welcomed

text: By

text: tradition

text: if

text: such

text: a

text: woman

text: gets

text: up

text: to

text: dance

text: the

text: orchestra

text: stops

text: playing

text: Alcohol

text: is

text: served

text: at

text: bars

text: the

text: disguised

text: women

text: whisper

text: to

text: the

text: men

text: touloulou

text: thirsty

text: at

text: which

text: a

text: round

text: of

text: drinks

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: drunk

text: through

text: a

text: straw

text: protect

text: their

text: anonymity

question: What is a tradition unique to the Creole people?

answer: touloulous

text: touloulous

question: Why are Touloulous given free condoms?

answer: in the interest of the sexual health

text: in the interest of the sexual health

question: What do men have to do to be allowed into the balls?

answer: pay admittance

text: pay admittance

question: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?

answer: refuse

text: refuse

question: Why do the women drink through a straw?

answer: protect their anonymity

text: protect their anonymity


text: In astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into the Copernican heliocentric model. Heliocentric theories were also discussed by several other Muslim astronomers such as Al-Biruni, Al-Sijzi, Qotb al-Din Shirazi, and Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī. The astrolabe, though originally developed by the Greeks, was perfected by Islamic astronomers and engineers, and was subsequently brought to Europe.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: In

text: astronomy

text: Muḥammad

text: ibn

text: Jābir

text: al

text: Ḥarrānī

text: al

text: Battānī

text: improved

text: the

text: precision

text: of

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: the

text: precession

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: axis

text: The

text: corrections

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: geocentric

text: model

text: by

text: al

text: Battani

text: Averroes

text: Nasir

text: al

text: Din

text: al

text: Tusi

text: Mu'ayyad

text: al

text: Din

text: al-'Urdi

text: and

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Shatir

text: were

text: later

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Copernican

text: heliocentric

text: model

text: Heliocentric

text: theories

text: were

text: also

text: discussed

text: by

text: several

text: other

text: Muslim

text: astronomers

text: such

text: as

text: Al

text: Biruni

text: Al

text: Sijzi

text: Qotb

text: al

text: Din

text: Shirazi

text: and

text: Najm

text: al

text: Dīn

text: al

text: Qazwīnī

text: al

text: Kātibī

text: The

text: astrolabe

text: though

text: originally

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Greeks

text: was

text: perfected

text: by

text: Islamic

text: astronomers

text: and

text: engineers

text: and

text: was

text: subsequently

text: brought

text: to

text: Europe

question: What field did Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī contribute to?

answer: astronomy

text: astronomy

question: What work is Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī known for as it regards to earth?

answer: improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis

text: improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis

question: What model did the work of Muslim World astronomers contribute to?

answer: the Copernican heliocentric model

text: the Copernican heliocentric model

question: Who created the astrolabe?

answer: the Greeks

text: the Greeks

question: Who is said to have mastered the astrolabe?

answer: Islamic astronomers and engineers

text: Islamic astronomers and engineers

question: What measurment did Copernicas improve?

question: What model did Copernicas use to measure the earth's axis?

text: Copernican heliocentric model

question: Who perfected the astrolabe originally developed by Islamic astronomers?

text: Greeks,

question: What model did Al-Biruni make corrections to?

text: the geocentric model


text: Several subsets of Unicode are standardized: Microsoft Windows since Windows NT 4.0 supports WGL-4 with 652 characters, which is considered to support all contemporary European languages using the Latin, Greek, or Cyrillic script. Other standardized subsets of Unicode include the Multilingual European Subsets: MES-1 (Latin scripts only, 335 characters), MES-2 (Latin, Greek and Cyrillic 1062 characters) and MES-3A & MES-3B (two larger subsets, not shown here). Note that MES-2 includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Several

text: subsets

text: of

text: Unicode

text: are

text: standardized

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: since

text: Windows

text: NT

text: supports

text: with

text: characters

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: support

text: all

text: contemporary

text: European

text: languages

text: using

text: the

text: Latin

text: Greek

text: or

text: Cyrillic

text: script

text: Other

text: standardized

text: subsets

text: of

text: Unicode

text: include

text: the

text: Multilingual

text: European

text: Subsets

text: Latin

text: scripts

text: only

text: characters

text: Latin

text: Greek

text: and

text: Cyrillic

text: characters

text: and

text: two

text: larger

text: subsets

text: not

text: shown

text: here

text: Note

text: that

text: includes

text: every

text: character

text: in

text: and

question: What subset of Unicode is used by Windows?

answer: WGL-4 with 652 characters

text: WGL-4 with 652 characters

question: What are MES-1, MES-2, AND MES-3A AND MES-3B part of?

answer: Multilingual European Subsets

text: Multilingual European Subsets

question: What subset includes every character in MES-1 and WGL-4?

answer: MES-2

question: How long has Microsoft Windows supported WGL-4?

answer: since Windows NT 4.0

text: since Windows NT 4.0

question: MES-1 uses what scripts only?

answer: Latin scripts only

text: Latin scripts only

question: What system uses MES-3A?

text: Microsoft Windows

question: How many Latin characters are supported in WGL-4?

question: How many characters are in MES-3B?

question: MES-3A combines which two other sets?

text: MES-1 and WGL-4

question: What subset only uses the Greek script?