text: Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

text: Race

text: and

text: ethnicity

text: are

text: considered

text: separate

text: and

text: distinct

text: identities

text: with

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: origin

text: asked

text: as

text: a

text: separate

text: question

text: Thus

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: their

text: race

text: or

text: races

text: all

text: respondents

text: are

text: categorized

text: by

text: membership

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: ethnic

text: categories

text: which

text: are

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: and

text: Not

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: However

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: separating

text: race

text: and

text: ethnicity

text: as

text: different

text: categories

text: has

text: been

text: criticized

text: both

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Anthropological

text: Association

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Commission

text: on

text: Civil

text: Rights

question: How many ethnic categories are there in the US census?

answer: two

text: two

question: In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census?

answer: Not Hispanic or Latino

text: Not Hispanic or Latino

question: What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus?

answer: the American Anthropological Association

text: the American Anthropological Association

question: Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census?

answer: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

text: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

question: In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino?

answer: Hispanic or Latino

text: Hispanic or Latino


text: Against the rested and re-armed Pusan Perimeter defenders and their reinforcements, the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied; unlike the UN Command, they lacked naval and air support. To relieve the Pusan Perimeter, General MacArthur recommended an amphibious landing at Inchon (now known as Incheon), near Seoul and well over 100 miles (160 km) behind the KPA lines. On 6 July, he ordered Major General Hobart R. Gay, Commander, 1st Cavalry Division, to plan the division's amphibious landing at Incheon; on 12–14 July, the 1st Cavalry Division embarked from Yokohama, Japan to reinforce the 24th Infantry Division inside the Pusan Perimeter.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Against

text: the

text: rested

text: and

text: re

text: armed

text: Pusan

text: Perimeter

text: defenders

text: and

text: their

text: reinforcements

text: the

text: KPA

text: were

text: undermanned

text: and

text: poorly

text: supplied

text: unlike

text: the

text: UN

text: Command

text: they

text: lacked

text: naval

text: and

text: air

text: support

text: To

text: relieve

text: the

text: Pusan

text: Perimeter

text: General

text: MacArthur

text: recommended

text: an

text: amphibious

text: landing

text: at

text: Inchon

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Incheon

text: near

text: Seoul

text: and

text: well

text: over

text: miles

text: km

text: behind

text: the

text: KPA

text: lines

text: On

text: July

text: he

text: ordered

text: Major

text: General

text: Hobart

text: R.

text: Gay

text: Commander

text: Cavalry

text: Division

text: to

text: plan

text: the

text: division

text: 's

text: amphibious

text: landing

text: at

text: Incheon

text: on

text: July

text: the

text: Cavalry

text: Division

text: embarked

text: from

text: Yokohama

text: Japan

text: to

text: reinforce

text: the

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: inside

text: the

text: Pusan

text: Perimeter

question: Why did General MacArthur suggest an amphibious landing at Inchon?

answer: To relieve the Pusan Perimeter

text: To relieve the Pusan Perimeter

question: Who did General MacArthur ask to plan the amphibious attack?

answer: Major General Hobart R. Gay

text: Major General Hobart R. Gay

question: Where did the 1st Infantry deploy from?

answer: Yokohama, Japan

text: Yokohama, Japan

question: Why were KPA forces unable to adequately defend themselves against UN forces?

answer: the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied

text: the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied


text: The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes).

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: The

text: other

text: directly

text: attested

text: Old

text: Iranian

text: dialects

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: forms

text: of

text: Avestan

text: which

text: take

text: their

text: name

text: from

text: their

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: Avesta

text: the

text: liturgical

text: texts

text: of

text: indigenous

text: Iranian

text: religion

text: that

text: now

text: goes

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Zoroastrianism

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: Avesta

text: itself

text: is

text: simply

text: known

text: as

text: vohu

text: daena

text: later

text: behdin

text: The

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Avesta

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: two

text: dialects

text: conventionally

text: known

text: as

text: Old

text: or

text: Gathic

text: Avestan

text: and

text: Younger

text: Avestan

text: These

text: terms

text: which

text: date

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: are

text: slightly

text: misleading

text: since

text: Younger

text: Avestan

text: is

text: not

text: only

text: much

text: younger

text: than

text: Old

text: Avestan

text: but

text: also

text: from

text: a

text: different

text: geographic

text: region

text: The

text: Old

text: Avestan

text: dialect

text: is

text: very

text: archaic

text: and

text: at

text: roughly

text: the

text: same

text: stage

text: of

text: development

text: as

text: Rigvedic

text: Sanskrit

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: Younger

text: Avestan

text: is

text: at

text: about

text: the

text: same

text: linguistic

text: stage

text: as

text: Old

text: Persian

text: but

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: its

text: use

text: as

text: a

text: sacred

text: language

text: retained

text: its

text: old

text: characteristics

text: long

text: after

text: the

text: Old

text: Iranian

text: languages

text: had

text: yielded

text: to

text: their

text: Middle

text: Iranian

text: stage

text: Unlike

text: Old

text: Persian

text: which

text: has

text: Middle

text: Persian

text: as

text: its

text: known

text: successor

text: Avestan

text: has

text: no

text: clearly

text: identifiable

text: Middle

text: Iranian

text: stage

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: Middle

text: Iranian

text: is

text: indistinguishable

text: from

text: effects

text: due

text: to

text: other

text: causes

question: What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language?

answer: Avestan

text: Avestan

question: What is the contemporary name of the religion which Avesta was part of?

answer: Zoroastrianism

text: Zoroastrianism

question: What language shows a level of maturity corresponding to Old Avestan?

answer: Rigvedic Sanskrit

text: Rigvedic Sanskrit

question: What language shows the same level of development as Younger Avestan?

answer: Old Persian

text: Old Persian

question: What dialect is the Avesta language from?

text: Old Iranian

question: How many dialects of the Avesta language or there?

text: two dialects

question: What religion is vohu daena the contemporary name for?

text: Avesta

question: Why did old Persian retained its old characteristics long after the old Iranian languages

text: its use as a sacred language

question: What language shows the same level of development as old Avestan

text: Old Persian


text: Iranian cuisine is diverse due to its variety of ethnic groups and the influence of other cultures. Herbs are frequently used along with fruits such as plums, pomegranates, quince, prunes, apricots, and raisins. Iranians usually eat plain yogurt with lunch and dinner; it is a staple of the diet in Iran. To achieve a balanced taste, characteristic flavourings such as saffron, dried limes, cinnamon, and parsley are mixed delicately and used in some special dishes. Onions and garlic are normally used in the preparation of the accompanying course, but are also served separately during meals, either in raw or pickled form. Iran is also famous for its caviar.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: Iranian

text: cuisine

text: is

text: diverse

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: variety

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: and

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: other

text: cultures

text: Herbs

text: are

text: frequently

text: used

text: along

text: with

text: fruits

text: such

text: as

text: plums

text: pomegranates

text: quince

text: prunes

text: apricots

text: and

text: raisins

text: Iranians

text: usually

text: eat

text: plain

text: yogurt

text: with

text: lunch

text: and

text: dinner

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: staple

text: of

text: the

text: diet

text: in

text: Iran

text: To

text: achieve

text: a

text: balanced

text: taste

text: characteristic

text: flavourings

text: such

text: as

text: saffron

text: dried

text: limes

text: cinnamon

text: and

text: parsley

text: are

text: mixed

text: delicately

text: and

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: special

text: dishes

text: Onions

text: and

text: garlic

text: are

text: normally

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: preparation

text: of

text: the

text: accompanying

text: course

text: but

text: are

text: also

text: served

text: separately

text: during

text: meals

text: either

text: in

text: raw

text: or

text: pickled

text: form

text: Iran

text: is

text: also

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: caviar

question: In Iranian cuisine, what is habitually used with fruits?

answer: Herbs

text: Herbs

question: Iranians usually eat what diet staple with lunch and dinner?

answer: plain yogurt

text: plain yogurt

question: What delicacy is Iran famous for?

answer: caviar

text: caviar

question: Why is Iranian cuisine so diverse besides being influenced by other cultures?

answer: its variety of ethnic groups

text: its variety of ethnic groups


text: On 12 January 1938 by Letters Patent the islands were declared a dependency of Saint Helena. Prior to roughly this period, passing ships stopped irregularly at the island for a period of mere hours.

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: On

text: January

text: by

text: Letters

text: Patent

text: the

text: islands

text: were

text: declared

text: a

text: dependency

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Prior

text: to

text: roughly

text: this

text: period

text: passing

text: ships

text: stopped

text: irregularly

text: at

text: the

text: island

text: for

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: mere

text: hours

question: what year were the islands declared dependent of saint helena?

answer: 1938

question: When was Saint Helena declared a dependency of the islands?

text: 12 January 1938

question: What declared Saint Helena a dependency of the islands?

text: Letters Patent

question: For how long did Letters Patent stop at the island?

text: a period of mere hours.

question: When was Letters Patent declared a dependency of the islands?

text: 12 January 1938

question: When were the islands declared independent from Saint Helena?

text: 12 January 1938


text: Deforestation and forest fires are a problem in many areas, as is the continual spread of the eucalyptus tree, a species imported from Australia, actively promoted by the paper industry since the mid-20th century. Galicia is one of the more forested areas of Spain, but the majority of Galicia's plantations, usually growing eucalyptus or pine, lack any formal management. Massive eucalyptus, especially Eucalyptus globulus plantation, began in the Francisco Franco era, largely on behalf of the paper company Empresa Nacional de Celulosas de España (ENCE) in Pontevedra, which wanted it for its pulp. Wood products figure significantly in Galicia's economy. Apart from tree plantations Galicia is also notable for the extensive surface occupied by meadows used for animal husbandry, especially cattle , an important activity. Hydroelectric development in most rivers has been a serious concern for local conservationists during the last decades.

title: Galicia_(Spain)

title: Galicia_(Spain

text: Deforestation

text: and

text: forest

text: fires

text: are

text: a

text: problem

text: in

text: many

text: areas

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: continual

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: eucalyptus

text: tree

text: a

text: species

text: imported

text: from

text: Australia

text: actively

text: promoted

text: by

text: the

text: paper

text: industry

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: Galicia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: forested

text: areas

text: of

text: Spain

text: but

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Galicia

text: 's

text: plantations

text: usually

text: growing

text: eucalyptus

text: or

text: pine

text: lack

text: any

text: formal

text: management

text: Massive

text: eucalyptus

text: especially

text: Eucalyptus

text: globulus

text: plantation

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: era

text: largely

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: paper

text: company

text: Empresa

text: Nacional

text: de

text: Celulosas

text: de

text: España

text: ENCE

text: in

text: Pontevedra

text: which

text: wanted

text: it

text: for

text: its

text: pulp

text: Wood

text: products

text: figure

text: significantly

text: in

text: Galicia

text: 's

text: economy

text: Apart

text: from

text: tree

text: plantations

text: Galicia

text: is

text: also

text: notable

text: for

text: the

text: extensive

text: surface

text: occupied

text: by

text: meadows

text: used

text: for

text: animal

text: husbandry

text: especially

text: cattle

text: an

text: important

text: activity

text: Hydroelectric

text: development

text: in

text: most

text: rivers

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: serious

text: concern

text: for

text: local

text: conservationists

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: decades

question: Which tree species has become a problem for Galicia?

answer: eucalyptus tree

text: eucalyptus tree

question: What kind of development on rivers are conservationists concerned about?

answer: Hydroelectric

text: Hydroelectric


text: In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: In

text: Nikita

text: Khrushchev

text: was

text: removed

text: from

text: his

text: position

text: of

text: power

text: and

text: replaced

text: with

text: Leonid

text: Brezhnev

text: Under

text: his

text: rule

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: went

text: through

text: an

text: era

text: of

text: stagnation

text: Even

text: after

text: he

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: era

text: did

text: n’t

text: end

text: until

text: Mikhail

text: Gorbachev

text: took

text: power

text: and

text: introduced

text: liberal

text: reforms

text: in

text: Soviet

text: society

question: Who lost power in 1964?

answer: Nikita Khrushchev

text: Nikita Khrushchev

question: Who assumed a position of power in 1964?

answer: Leonid Brezhnev

text: Leonid Brezhnev

question: When did Leonid Brezhnev die?

answer: 1982

question: Whose assumption of power ended the era of stagnation?

answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

text: Mikhail Gorbachev

question: How did Mikhail Gorbachev end the era of stagnation?

answer: introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society

text: introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society

question: Who lost power in 1946?

text: Nikita Khrushchev

question: Who assumed a position of power in 1946?

text: Leonid Brezhnev

question: When did Leonard Brezhnev die?

question: Whose assumption of power continued the era of stagnation?

text: Mikhail Gorbachev

question: How did Mikhail Gorbachev begin the era of stagnation?


text: The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses, a pier and an Army depot. In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became Downtown San Diego. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because of its location on San Diego Bay convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as Old Town, and became the economic and governmental heart of the city. Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: original

text: town

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: Presidio

text: Hill

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: Old

text: Town

text: San

text: Diego

text: State

text: Historic

text: Park

text: The

text: location

text: was

text: not

text: ideal

text: being

text: several

text: miles

text: away

text: from

text: navigable

text: water

text: In

text: William

text: Heath

text: Davis

text: promoted

text: a

text: new

text: development

text: by

text: the

text: Bay

text: shore

text: called

text: New

text: San

text: Diego

text: several

text: miles

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: settlement

text: however

text: for

text: several

text: decades

text: the

text: new

text: development

text: consisted

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: houses

text: a

text: pier

text: and

text: an

text: Army

text: depot

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Alonzo

text: Horton

text: promoted

text: a

text: move

text: to

text: the

text: bayside

text: area

text: which

text: he

text: called

text: New

text: Town

text: and

text: which

text: became

text: Downtown

text: San

text: Diego

text: Horton

text: promoted

text: the

text: area

text: heavily

text: and

text: people

text: and

text: businesses

text: began

text: to

text: relocate

text: to

text: New

text: Town

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: location

text: on

text: San

text: Diego

text: Bay

text: convenient

text: to

text: shipping

text: New

text: Town

text: soon

text: eclipsed

text: the

text: original

text: settlement

text: known

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: as

text: Old

text: Town

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: governmental

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Still

text: San

text: Diego

text: remained

text: a

text: relative

text: backwater

text: town

text: until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: a

text: railroad

text: connection

text: in

question: What was the main flaw of San Diego's original location?

answer: several miles away from navigable water

text: several miles away from navigable water

question: Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location?

answer: William Heath Davis

text: William Heath Davis

question: Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Diego?

answer: Alonzo Horton

text: Alonzo Horton

question: What happened in 1878 that played a role in San Diego's economic growth?

answer: the arrival of a railroad connection

text: the arrival of a railroad connection

question: What was San Diego's downtown area originally called?

answer: New Town

text: New Town

question: What was the main flaw of San Francisco's original location?

text: several miles away from navigable water

question: Who developed New San Diego that was north of the first location?

text: William Heath Davis

question: Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Francisco?

text: Alonzo Horton

question: What happened in 1887 that played a role in San Diego's economic growth?

text: the arrival of a railroad connection

question: What was San Francisco's downtown area originally called?

text: New Town


text: Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Situated

text: on

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: natural

text: harbors

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: consists

text: of

text: five

text: boroughs

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: separate

text: county

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: The

text: five

text: boroughs

text: Brooklyn

text: Queens

text: Manhattan

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: Staten

text: Island

text: were

text: consolidated

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: city

text: in

text: With

text: a

text: census

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: a

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: square

text: miles

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: As

text: many

text: as

text: languages

text: are

text: spoken

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: linguistically

text: diverse

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: By

text: census

text: estimates

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: remains

text: by

text: a

text: significant

text: margin

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: million

text: residents

text: and

text: the

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: million

text: residents

text: In

text: the

text: MSA

text: produced

text: a

text: gross

text: metropolitan

text: product

text: GMP

text: of

text: nearly

text: US$

text: trillion

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: CSA

text: generated

text: a

text: GMP

text: of

text: over

text: US$

text: trillion

text: both

text: ranking

text: first

text: nationally

text: by

text: a

text: wide

text: margin

text: and

text: behind

text: the

text: GDP

text: of

text: only

text: twelve

text: and

text: eleven

text: countries

text: respectively

question: How many boroughs comprise New York City?

answer: five

text: five

question: In what year were the five boroughs combined into one city?

answer: 1898

question: In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be?

answer: 8,491,079

question: What is the size of New York City in square miles?

answer: 305

question: What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area?

answer: 23.6 million

text: 23.6 million

question: How man boroughs does New York City contain?

answer: five

text: five

question: The five boroughs of New York City are named what?

answer: Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island

text: Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island

question: All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date?

answer: 1898

question: What is the population of New York City as of 2014?

answer: 8,491,079

question: How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City?

answer: 800


text: The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of Dolores") also known as El Grito de la Independencia ("Cry of Independence"), uttered from the small town of Dolores near Guanajuato on September 16, 1810, is the event that marks the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence and is the most important national holiday observed in Mexico. The "Grito" was the battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Roman Catholic priest. Hidalgo and several criollos were involved in a planned revolt against the Spanish colonial government, and the plotters were betrayed. Fearing his arrest, Hidalgo commanded his brother Mauricio as well as Ignacio Allende and Mariano Abasolo to go with a number of other armed men to make the sheriff release the pro-independence inmates there on the night of September 15. They managed to set eighty free. Around 6:00 am September 16, 1810, Hidalgo ordered the church bells to be rung and gathered his congregation. Flanked by Allende and Juan Aldama, he addressed the people in front of his church, encouraging them to revolt. The Battle of Guanajuato, the first major engagement of the insurgency, occurred four days later. Mexico's independence from Spain was effectively declared in the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire on September 27, 1821, after a decade of war. Unrest followed for the next several decades, as different factions fought for control of Mexico.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: Grito

text: de

text: Dolores

text: Cry

text: of

text: Dolores

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: El

text: Grito

text: de

text: la

text: Independencia

text: Cry

text: of

text: Independence

text: uttered

text: from

text: the

text: small

text: town

text: of

text: Dolores

text: near

text: Guanajuato

text: on

text: September

text: is

text: the

text: event

text: that

text: marks

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: national

text: holiday

text: observed

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: Grito

text: was

text: the

text: battle

text: cry

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: by

text: Miguel

text: Hidalgo

text: y

text: Costilla

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: priest

text: Hidalgo

text: and

text: several

text: criollos

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: a

text: planned

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: Spanish

text: colonial

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: plotters

text: were

text: betrayed

text: Fearing

text: his

text: arrest

text: Hidalgo

text: commanded

text: his

text: brother

text: Mauricio

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Ignacio

text: Allende

text: and

text: Mariano

text: Abasolo

text: to

text: go

text: with

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: armed

text: men

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: sheriff

text: release

text: the

text: pro

text: independence

text: inmates

text: there

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: September

text: They

text: managed

text: to

text: set

text: eighty

text: free

text: Around

text: am

text: September

text: Hidalgo

text: ordered

text: the

text: church

text: bells

text: to

text: be

text: rung

text: and

text: gathered

text: his

text: congregation

text: Flanked

text: by

text: Allende

text: and

text: Juan

text: Aldama

text: he

text: addressed

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: his

text: church

text: encouraging

text: them

text: to

text: revolt

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Guanajuato

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: engagement

text: of

text: the

text: insurgency

text: occurred

text: four

text: days

text: later

text: Mexico

text: 's

text: independence

text: from

text: Spain

text: was

text: effectively

text: declared

text: in

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: Empire

text: on

text: September

text: after

text: a

text: decade

text: of

text: war

text: Unrest

text: followed

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: several

text: decades

text: as

text: different

text: factions

text: fought

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: Mexico

question: When did Mexico gain independence?

answer: September 27, 1821

text: September 27, 1821

question: How long was the war?

answer: a decade

text: a decade

question: What was the first battle of the Mexican Independence war called?

answer: The Battle of Guanajuato

text: The Battle of Guanajuato

question: What was the battle cry of the war?

answer: Grito

text: Grito

question: When did the war begin?

answer: September 16, 1810

text: September 16, 1810


text: Apart from the passing of noble titles or ranks, inheritance practices did not involve primogeniture; each son received an equal share of the family property. Unlike the practice in later dynasties, the father usually sent his adult married sons away with their portions of the family fortune. Daughters received a portion of the family fortune through their marriage dowries, though this was usually much less than the shares of sons. A different distribution of the remainder could be specified in a will, but it is unclear how common this was.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: passing

text: of

text: noble

text: titles

text: or

text: ranks

text: inheritance

text: practices

text: did

text: not

text: involve

text: primogeniture

text: each

text: son

text: received

text: an

text: equal

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: property

text: Unlike

text: the

text: practice

text: in

text: later

text: dynasties

text: the

text: father

text: usually

text: sent

text: his

text: adult

text: married

text: sons

text: away

text: with

text: their

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: fortune

text: Daughters

text: received

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: fortune

text: through

text: their

text: marriage

text: dowries

text: though

text: this

text: was

text: usually

text: much

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: shares

text: of

text: sons

text: A

text: different

text: distribution

text: of

text: the

text: remainder

text: could

text: be

text: specified

text: in

text: a

text: will

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: unclear

text: how

text: common

text: this

text: was

question: Which family member commonly sent an adult married offspring away with their portion of the families fortune?

answer: the father

text: the father

question: What type of document could be produced to distribute some of an inheritance?

answer: a will

text: a will

question: How did daughters get their portion of the family fortune?

answer: marriage dowries

text: marriage dowries

question: Was is guaranteed that a first born son would receive all of the family's fortune?

answer: inheritance practices did not involve primogeniture

text: inheritance practices did not involve primogeniture

question: What type of title could be passed down?

answer: noble

text: noble


text: The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City. A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents. HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969). It is similar to a municipal agency but has a Board of Directors. HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Health

text: and

text: Hospitals

text: Corporation

text: HHC

text: operates

text: the

text: public

text: hospitals

text: and

text: clinics

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: A

text: public

text: benefit

text: corporation

text: with

text: billion

text: in

text: annual

text: revenues

text: HHC

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: municipal

text: healthcare

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: serving

text: million

text: patients

text: including

text: more

text: than

text: uninsured

text: city

text: residents

text: HHC

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: State

text: Legislature

text: as

text: a

text: public

text: benefit

text: corporation

text: Chapter

text: of

text: the

text: Laws

text: It

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: a

text: municipal

text: agency

text: but

text: has

text: a

text: Board

text: of

text: Directors

text: HHC

text: operates

text: acute

text: care

text: hospitals

text: five

text: nursing

text: homes

text: six

text: diagnostic

text: and

text: treatment

text: centers

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: community

text: based

text: primary

text: care

text: sites

text: serving

text: primarily

text: the

text: poor

text: and

text: working

text: class

text: HHC

text: 's

text: MetroPlus

text: Health

text: Plan

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: area

text: 's

text: largest

text: providers

text: of

text: government

text: sponsored

text: health

text: insurance

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: plan

text: of

text: choice

text: for

text: nearly

text: half

text: million

text: New

text: Yorkers

question: The largest municipal healthcare in the US is what?

answer: New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation

text: New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation

question: How many hospitals does HHC operate?

answer: 11

question: What is the yearly revenue of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation?

answer: $6.7 billion

text: $6.7 billion

question: How many patients are served annually by HHC?

answer: 1.4 million

text: 1.4 million

question: How many uninsured New Yorkers take advantage of HHC?

answer: 475,000

question: In what year was the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation founded?

answer: 1969

question: How many nursing homes does HHC operate?

answer: five

text: five


text: The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed]

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: The

text: digital

text: data

text: on

text: a

text: CD

text: begins

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: disc

text: and

text: proceeds

text: toward

text: the

text: edge

text: which

text: allows

text: adaptation

text: to

text: the

text: different

text: size

text: formats

text: available

text: Standard

text: CDs

text: are

text: available

text: in

text: two

text: sizes

text: By

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: is

text: millimetres

text: in

text: in

text: diameter

text: with

text: a

text: or

text: audio

text: capacity

text: and

text: a

text: or

text: MiB

text: data

text: capacity

text: This

text: capacity

text: was

text: reportedly

text: specified

text: by

text: Sony

text: executive

text: Norio

text: Ohga

text: in

text: May

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: contain

text: the

text: entirety

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: Philharmonic

text: Orchestra

text: 's

text: recording

text: of

text: Beethoven

text: 's

text: Ninth

text: Symphony

text: on

text: one

text: disc

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: myth

text: according

text: to

text: Kees

text: Immink

text: as

text: the

text: code

text: format

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: been

text: decided

text: in

text: May

text: The

text: adoption

text: of

text: EFM

text: one

text: month

text: later

text: would

text: have

text: allowed

text: a

text: playing

text: time

text: of

text: minutes

text: for

text: mm

text: diameter

text: or

text: minutes

text: for

text: a

text: disc

text: as

text: small

text: as

text: mm

text: The

text: mm

text: diameter

text: has

text: been

text: adopted

text: by

text: subsequent

text: formats

text: including

text: Super

text: Audio

text: CD

text: DVD

text: HD

text: DVD

text: and

text: Blu

text: ray

text: Disc

text: Eighty

text: millimeter

text: discs

text: Mini

text: CDs

text: were

text: originally

text: designed

text: for

text: CD

text: singles

text: and

text: can

text: hold

text: up

text: to

text: minutes

text: of

text: music

text: or

text: MiB

text: of

text: data

text: but

text: never

text: became

text: popular.[citation

text: needed

text: Today

text: nearly

text: every

text: single

text: is

text: released

text: on

text: a

text: mm

text: CD

text: called

text: a

text: Maxi

text: single.[citation

text: needed

question: Where is the start of data on a CD?

answer: the center

text: the center

question: What size CD is most frequently used?

answer: 120 millimetres (4.7 in)

text: 120 millimetres (4.7 in)

question: What is the size of a Mini CD?

answer: Eighty-millimeter

text: Eighty-millimeter

question: What is the size of a Maxi Single?

answer: 120 mm

text: 120 mm

question: Who was the Sony Executive in 1980?

answer: Norio Ohga

text: Norio Ohga

question: Who named the Maxi single?

text: Norio Ohga

question: How many minutes does a Super Audio CD hold?

text: 97 minutes

question: When were Mini-CDs released?

question: Why are CDs limited to one size?

question: When was the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of the Ninth Symphony created?

text: May 1980


text: Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed Paul" to "Paul was killed by Peter" the order of subject and object is inverted: Petr zabil Pavla ("Peter killed Paul") becomes "Paul, Peter killed" (Pavla zabil Petr). Pavla is in the accusative case, the grammatical object (in this case, the victim) of the verb.

title: Czech_language

title: Czech_language

text: Czech

text: syntax

text: has

text: a

text: subject

text: verb

text: object

text: sentence

text: structure

text: In

text: practice

text: however

text: word

text: order

text: is

text: flexible

text: and

text: used

text: for

text: topicalization

text: and

text: focus

text: Although

text: Czech

text: has

text: a

text: periphrastic

text: passive

text: construction

text: like

text: English

text: colloquial

text: word

text: order

text: changes

text: frequently

text: produce

text: the

text: passive

text: voice

text: For

text: example

text: to

text: change

text: Peter

text: killed

text: Paul

text: to

text: Paul

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: Peter

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: subject

text: and

text: object

text: is

text: inverted

text: Petr

text: zabil

text: Pavla

text: Peter

text: killed

text: Paul

text: becomes

text: Paul

text: Peter

text: killed

text: Pavla

text: zabil

text: Petr

text: Pavla

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: accusative

text: case

text: the

text: grammatical

text: object

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: the

text: victim

text: of

text: the

text: verb

question: What is the sentence structure of Czech syntax?

answer: subject–verb–object

text: subject–verb–object

question: Because word order is flexible in Czech, what does it tend to actually be used for?

answer: topicalization and focus

text: topicalization and focus

question: What kind of passive construction does Czech have?

answer: periphrastic

text: periphrastic

question: What happens to the subject and object to produce a passive voice in Czech?

answer: inverted

text: inverted

question: What case is the grammatical object of a verb?

answer: accusative

text: accusative

question: What sentence structure is used in Pavla?

text: subject–verb–object

question: Is word order fixed or flexible in Pavla?

text: flexible

question: What is word order used for in Pavla?

text: topicalization and focus

question: What do colloquial word-order changes produce in Pavla sentences?

text: the passive voice

question: What case is the grammatical verb object in Pavla?

text: accusative


text: Many pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first significant European and African arrivals (ca. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and are known only through oral history and through archaeological investigations. Others were contemporary with this period, and are also known from historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Mayan, Olmec, Mixtec, and Nahua peoples, had their own written records. However, the European colonists of the time worked to eliminate non-Christian beliefs, and Christian pyres destroyed many pre-Columbian written records. Only a few documents remained hidden and survived, leaving contemporary historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Many

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: civilizations

text: established

text: characteristics

text: and

text: hallmarks

text: which

text: included

text: permanent

text: or

text: urban

text: settlements

text: agriculture

text: civic

text: and

text: monumental

text: architecture

text: and

text: complex

text: societal

text: hierarchies

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: civilizations

text: had

text: long

text: faded

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: significant

text: European

text: and

text: African

text: arrivals

text: ca

text: late

text: early

text: centuries

text: and

text: are

text: known

text: only

text: through

text: oral

text: history

text: and

text: through

text: archaeological

text: investigations

text: Others

text: were

text: contemporary

text: with

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: from

text: historical

text: accounts

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: A

text: few

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Mayan

text: Olmec

text: Mixtec

text: and

text: Nahua

text: peoples

text: had

text: their

text: own

text: written

text: records

text: However

text: the

text: European

text: colonists

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: worked

text: to

text: eliminate

text: non

text: Christian

text: beliefs

text: and

text: Christian

text: pyres

text: destroyed

text: many

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: written

text: records

text: Only

text: a

text: few

text: documents

text: remained

text: hidden

text: and

text: survived

text: leaving

text: contemporary

text: historians

text: with

text: glimpses

text: of

text: ancient

text: culture

text: and

text: knowledge

question: Urban settlements and complex societal hierarchies are just some of the hallmarks established by which civilizations?

answer: pre-Columbian

text: pre-Columbian

question: What had long faded prior to the first European and African arrivals?

answer: Some of these civilizations

text: Some of these civilizations

question: How do we know about some of the civilizations that were gone by the time of European arrival?

answer: oral history and through archaeological investigations

text: oral history and through archaeological investigations

question: What did European colonists destroy on their pyres?

answer: written records

text: written records

question: What gave today's historians a glimpse of the culture and knowledge of the indigenous civilizations?

answer: a few documents

text: a few documents


text: Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Clive Barker. In 1990, Marvel began selling Marvel Universe Cards with trading card maker SkyBox International. These were collectible trading cards that featured the characters and events of the Marvel Universe. The 1990s saw the rise of variant covers, cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

title: Marvel_Comics

title: Marvel_Comics

text: Marvel

text: earned

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: money

text: and

text: recognition

text: during

text: the

text: comic

text: book

text: boom

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: launching

text: the

text: successful

text: line

text: of

text: comics

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: Spider

text: Man

text: etc

text: and

text: the

text: creatively

text: daring

text: though

text: commercially

text: unsuccessful

text: Razorline

text: imprint

text: of

text: superhero

text: comics

text: created

text: by

text: novelist

text: and

text: filmmaker

text: Clive

text: Barker

text: In

text: Marvel

text: began

text: selling

text: Marvel

text: Universe

text: Cards

text: with

text: trading

text: card

text: maker

text: SkyBox

text: International

text: These

text: were

text: collectible

text: trading

text: cards

text: that

text: featured

text: the

text: characters

text: and

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: Marvel

text: Universe

text: The

text: saw

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: variant

text: covers

text: cover

text: enhancements

text: swimsuit

text: issues

text: and

text: company

text: wide

text: crossovers

text: that

text: affected

text: the

text: overall

text: continuity

text: of

text: the

text: fictional

text: Marvel

text: Universe

question: What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?

answer: 2099 line

text: 2099 line

question: What was the name of the specialty comics line created by Clive Barker for Marvel?

answer: Razorline

text: Razorline

question: In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters?

answer: 1990

question: What trading card company did Marvel team up with to license these trading cards?

answer: SkyBox International

text: SkyBox International

question: What was affected by the increasing use at Marvel of crossover stories between comic characters?

answer: overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

text: overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

question: What series was set in the past?

question: What commercially successful comic did Clive Barker create?

text: Razorline

question: When was SkyBox International launched?

question: What marvel character was featured on the first collectible trading card?

text: Spider-Man

question: When did comic book sales begin to decline?

text: the early 1990s


text: Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the UK, the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: College

text: American

text: Football

text: teams

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: the

text: Southampton

text: Stags

text: who

text: play

text: at

text: the

text: Wide

text: Lane

text: Sports

text: Facility

text: in

text: Eastleigh

question: What College American Football team calls Southampton home?

answer: Southampton Stags

text: Southampton Stags

question: At what sports venue do the Southampton Stags play?

answer: Wide Lane Sports Facility

text: Wide Lane Sports Facility

question: Where is the Wide Lane Sports Facility located?

answer: Eastleigh

text: Eastleigh


text: In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, fostered in part by the death in 1960 of anti-communist archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac and shifts in the church's approach to resisting communism originating in the Second Vatican Council, accorded new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to catechize and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Ranković. In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying an abandonment of Leninist orthodoxy and development of liberal Communism). The State Security Administration (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000.

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: In

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: Vatican

text: fostered

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: death

text: in

text: of

text: anti

text: communist

text: archbishop

text: of

text: Zagreb

text: Aloysius

text: Stepinac

text: and

text: shifts

text: in

text: the

text: church

text: 's

text: approach

text: to

text: resisting

text: communism

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: accorded

text: new

text: freedom

text: to

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: particularly

text: to

text: catechize

text: and

text: open

text: seminaries

text: The

text: agreement

text: also

text: eased

text: tensions

text: which

text: had

text: prevented

text: the

text: naming

text: of

text: new

text: bishops

text: in

text: Yugoslavia

text: since

text: Tito

text: 's

text: new

text: socialism

text: met

text: opposition

text: from

text: traditional

text: communists

text: culminating

text: in

text: conspiracy

text: headed

text: by

text: Aleksandar

text: Ranković

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Tito

text: declared

text: that

text: Communists

text: must

text: henceforth

text: chart

text: Yugoslavia

text: 's

text: course

text: by

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: their

text: arguments

text: implying

text: an

text: abandonment

text: of

text: Leninist

text: orthodoxy

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: liberal

text: Communism

text: The

text: State

text: Security

text: Administration

text: UDBA

text: saw

text: its

text: power

text: scaled

text: back

text: and

text: its

text: staff

text: reduced

text: to

question: What anti-communist archbisoph died in 1960?

answer: Stepinac

text: Stepinac

question: Stepinac's death gave new freedom to what branch of the Roman Catholic Church?

answer: Yugoslav

text: Yugoslav

question: What agency had its staff reduced to 5000 after Lenninist orthodoxy was abandoned?

answer: UDBA

text: UDBA

question: What acronym describes the State Security Administration?

answer: UDBA

text: UDBA

question: What ideology did Tito abandon as part of his new socialism?

answer: Leninist

text: Leninist


text: Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Reverse

text: migration

text: where

text: the

text: genetic

text: programming

text: of

text: young

text: birds

text: fails

text: to

text: work

text: properly

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: rarities

text: turning

text: up

text: as

text: vagrants

text: thousands

text: of

text: kilometres

text: out

text: of

text: range

question: What is it called when the genetic programing of young birds fail?

answer: Reverse migration

text: Reverse migration

question: What is reverse migration?

answer: where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly

text: where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly

question: What does reverse migration lead to?

answer: rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range

text: rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range

question: How far out of range can rarities get?

answer: thousands of kilometres

text: thousands of kilometres


text: In the late 1940s, during the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland (at the time a dominion-dependency in the Commonwealth and independent of Canada), there was mainstream support, although not majority, for Newfoundland to form an economic union with the United States, thanks to the efforts of the Economic Union Party and significant U.S. investment in Newfoundland stemming from the U.S.-British alliance in World War II. The movement ultimately failed when, in a 1948 referendum, voters narrowly chose to confederate with Canada (the Economic Union Party supported an independent "responsible government" that they would then push toward their goals).

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Dominion

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: a

text: dominion

text: dependency

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: independent

text: of

text: Canada

text: there

text: was

text: mainstream

text: support

text: although

text: not

text: majority

text: for

text: Newfoundland

text: to

text: form

text: an

text: economic

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: thanks

text: to

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: Economic

text: Union

text: Party

text: and

text: significant

text: U.S.

text: investment

text: in

text: Newfoundland

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: U.S

text: British

text: alliance

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: movement

text: ultimately

text: failed

text: when

text: in

text: a

text: referendum

text: voters

text: narrowly

text: chose

text: to

text: confederate

text: with

text: Canada

text: the

text: Economic

text: Union

text: Party

text: supported

text: an

text: independent

text: responsible

text: government

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: then

text: push

text: toward

text: their

text: goals

question: When were the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland?

answer: In the late 1940s

text: In the late 1940s

question: What was the result of the 1948 referendum?

answer: The movement ultimately failed

text: The movement ultimately failed

question: What did the Economic Union Party support?

answer: an independent "responsible government"

text: an independent "responsible government"

question: When were the last days of the U.S.-British alliance?

text: In the late 1940s

question: What was the result of the 1940 referendum?

text: The movement ultimately failed

question: What did the U.S.-British alliance support?

text: an independent "responsible government"

question: What was a dominion-dependency in the U.S.?

text: Dominion of Newfoundland

question: What was there majority support for?


text: In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more satellites are launched. Upon the system's official launch, it pledged to offer general users positioning information accurate to the nearest 10 m, measure speeds within 0.2 m per second, and provide signals for clock synchronisation accurate to 0.02 microseconds.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: In

text: December

text: the

text: system

text: went

text: into

text: operation

text: on

text: a

text: trial

text: basis

text: It

text: has

text: started

text: providing

text: navigation

text: positioning

text: and

text: timing

text: data

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: area

text: for

text: free

text: from

text: December

text: During

text: this

text: trial

text: run

text: Compass

text: will

text: offer

text: positioning

text: accuracy

text: to

text: within

text: meters

text: but

text: the

text: precision

text: will

text: improve

text: as

text: more

text: satellites

text: are

text: launched

text: Upon

text: the

text: system

text: 's

text: official

text: launch

text: it

text: pledged

text: to

text: offer

text: general

text: users

text: positioning

text: information

text: accurate

text: to

text: the

text: nearest

text: m

text: measure

text: speeds

text: within

text: m

text: per

text: second

text: and

text: provide

text: signals

text: for

text: clock

text: synchronisation

text: accurate

text: to

text: microseconds

question: When did the Compass system begin operation on a trial bases?

answer: December 2011

text: December 2011

question: When did the Compass system begin offering navigation, positioning and timing data to China and nearby locations?

answer: 27 December

text: 27 December

question: What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system?

answer: as more satellites are launched

text: as more satellites are launched

question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users?

answer: accurate to the nearest 10 m

text: accurate to the nearest 10 m

question: Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the speed promised to users?

answer: within 0.2 m per second

text: within 0.2 m per second

question: During which month of 2013 did the system begin a trial operation?

text: December

question: In what year did the system finish its trial run?

question: The system began charging China and surrounding areas in what month?

text: December

question: During the trial period, within how many meters was the NSEW system's positioning accuracy?

question: After official launch, the system declined to offer customers positioning information accurate to the nearest what?

text: 10 m


text: The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coalition of forces. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism; – the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive, but an opposition to unnecessary change, that could lead to "a perpetual vortex of agitation". Meanwhile, the Whigs, along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel, and independent Radicals, formed the Liberal Party under Lord Palmerston in 1859, and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class, under the long leadership of William Ewart Gladstone.

title: Political_party

title: Political_party

text: The

text: modern

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: was

text: created

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Pittite

text: Tories

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: disputes

text: over

text: political

text: reform

text: broke

text: up

text: this

text: grouping

text: A

text: government

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Duke

text: of

text: Wellington

text: collapsed

text: amidst

text: dire

text: election

text: results

text: Following

text: this

text: disaster

text: Robert

text: Peel

text: set

text: about

text: assembling

text: a

text: new

text: coalition

text: of

text: forces

text: Peel

text: issued

text: the

text: Tamworth

text: Manifesto

text: in

text: which

text: set

text: out

text: the

text: basic

text: principles

text: of

text: Conservatism

text: the

text: necessity

text: in

text: specific

text: cases

text: of

text: reform

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: survive

text: but

text: an

text: opposition

text: to

text: unnecessary

text: change

text: that

text: could

text: lead

text: to

text: a

text: perpetual

text: vortex

text: of

text: agitation

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: Whigs

text: along

text: with

text: free

text: trade

text: Tory

text: followers

text: of

text: Robert

text: Peel

text: and

text: independent

text: Radicals

text: formed

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: under

text: Lord

text: Palmerston

text: in

text: and

text: transformed

text: into

text: a

text: party

text: of

text: the

text: growing

text: urban

text: middle

text: class

text: under

text: the

text: long

text: leadership

text: of

text: William

text: Ewart

text: Gladstone

question: What was the modern Conservative party created from?

answer: the 'Pittite' Tories

text: the 'Pittite' Tories

question: Who Issued the Tamworth manifesto?

answer: Robert Peel

text: Robert Peel

question: Which party did the Whigs, along with others form?

answer: the Liberal Party

text: the Liberal Party

question: In what year was the Tamworth manifesto introduced?

answer: 1834

question: What was created by the modern Conservative Party in 1859 to define basic Conservative principles?

text: Tamworth Manifesto

question: What event broke up the Liberal Party?

text: disputes over political reform

question: Why did the government led by Willian Ewart Gladstone collapse?

text: amidst dire election results

question: What did the PIttite Tories do after the Duke's government collapsed?

question: When did Lord Palmerston create the Pittite Tories?

text: the early 19th century


text: Russia: On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg, Russia. The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km, with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square. Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers. This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Russia

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: Olympic

text: torch

text: arrived

text: at

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Russia

text: The

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: torch

text: relay

text: route

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: km

text: with

text: the

text: start

text: at

text: the

text: Victory

text: Square

text: and

text: finish

text: at

text: the

text: Palace

text: Square

text: Mixed

text: martial

text: arts

text: icon

text: and

text: former

text: PRIDE

text: Heavyweight

text: Champion

text: Fedor

text: Emelianenko

text: was

text: one

text: the

text: torch

text: bearers

text: This

text: gives

text: him

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: the

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: active

text: MMA

text: fighter

text: to

text: carry

text: the

text: Olympic

text: flame

question: When did the torch arrive in Saint Petersburg?

answer: April 5

text: April 5

question: Where was the start of the torch route in Saint Petersburg?

answer: Victory Square

text: Victory Square

question: Where did the torch route end in Saint Petersburg?

answer: Palace Square

text: Palace Square

question: Who is the first MMA fighter to participate in carrying the Olympic torch?

answer: Fedor Emelianenko

text: Fedor Emelianenko

question: Where in Russia was the first stop for the relay?

answer: Saint Petersburg

text: Saint Petersburg

question: What city location did the torch relay begin in Russia?

answer: Victory Square

text: Victory Square

question: What was the last location for the relay in Russia?

answer: Palace Square.

text: Palace Square.

question: What is the name of the MMA fighter who carried the torch in Russia?

answer: Fedor Emelianenko

text: Fedor Emelianenko


text: Contract law covers obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties. Generally, contract law in transactions involving the sale of goods has become highly standardized nationwide as a result of the widespread adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code. However, there is still significant diversity in the interpretation of other kinds of contracts, depending upon the extent to which a given state has codified its common law of contracts or adopted portions of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Contract

text: law

text: covers

text: obligations

text: established

text: by

text: agreement

text: express

text: or

text: implied

text: between

text: private

text: parties

text: Generally

text: contract

text: law

text: in

text: transactions

text: involving

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: goods

text: has

text: become

text: highly

text: standardized

text: nationwide

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: widespread

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: Uniform

text: Commercial

text: Code

text: However

text: there

text: is

text: still

text: significant

text: diversity

text: in

text: the

text: interpretation

text: of

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: contracts

text: depending

text: upon

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: a

text: given

text: state

text: has

text: codified

text: its

text: common

text: law

text: of

text: contracts

text: or

text: adopted

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: Restatement

text: Second

text: of

text: Contracts

question: What is contract law?

answer: obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties

text: obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties

question: What standardized contract law?

answer: Uniform Commercial Code

text: Uniform Commercial Code

question: What kinds of agreements do contract law cover?

answer: express or implied

text: express or implied

question: What does contract law not cover?

question: What non-standardized contract law?

text: Uniform Commercial Code

question: What did the Restatement (Second) of Contracts standardize?

question: The Uniform Commercial Code limited the diversity of what?

text: other kinds of contracts

question: What types of agreements does the Restatement of Contracts cover?

text: express or implied


text: Madonna also began work on her thirteenth studio album, with collaborators including Avicii, Diplo and Natalia Kills. In December 2014, thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet. She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had "changed and evolved". The album, titled Rebel Heart, was released on March 10, 2015. From September 2015, she embarked on the Rebel Heart Tour to promote the album; the tour ended in March 2016 and traveled throughout North America, Europe and Asia and was the singer's first visit to Australia in 23 years, where she also performed a one-off show for her fans. It grossed a total of $169.8 million from the 82 shows, with over 1.045 million ticket sales. While on tour Madonna became embroiled in a legal battle with Ritchie, over the custody of her son Rocco. The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living at England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her. Court hearings took place in both New York and London, and after multiple deliberations, Madonna decided to withdraw her application for custody, and appealed for a mutual discussion between herself and Ritchie about Rocco.

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: Madonna

text: also

text: began

text: work

text: on

text: her

text: thirteenth

text: studio

text: album

text: with

text: collaborators

text: including

text: Avicii

text: Diplo

text: and

text: Natalia

text: Kills

text: In

text: December

text: thirteen

text: demos

text: recorded

text: for

text: the

text: album

text: leaked

text: onto

text: the

text: Internet

text: She

text: posted

text: in

text: response

text: that

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: tracks

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: final

text: release

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: half

text: had

text: changed

text: and

text: evolved

text: The

text: album

text: titled

text: Rebel

text: Heart

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: From

text: September

text: she

text: embarked

text: on

text: the

text: Rebel

text: Heart

text: Tour

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: album

text: the

text: tour

text: ended

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: traveled

text: throughout

text: North

text: America

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: singer

text: 's

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: Australia

text: in

text: years

text: where

text: she

text: also

text: performed

text: a

text: one

text: off

text: show

text: for

text: her

text: fans

text: It

text: grossed

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: from

text: the

text: shows

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: ticket

text: sales

text: While

text: on

text: tour

text: Madonna

text: became

text: embroiled

text: in

text: a

text: legal

text: battle

text: with

text: Ritchie

text: over

text: the

text: custody

text: of

text: her

text: son

text: Rocco

text: The

text: dispute

text: started

text: when

text: Rocco

text: decided

text: to

text: continue

text: living

text: at

text: England

text: with

text: Ritchie

text: when

text: the

text: Rebel

text: Heart

text: Tour

text: had

text: visited

text: there

text: while

text: Madonna

text: wanted

text: him

text: to

text: return

text: with

text: her

text: Court

text: hearings

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: both

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: London

text: and

text: after

text: multiple

text: deliberations

text: Madonna

text: decided

text: to

text: withdraw

text: her

text: application

text: for

text: custody

text: and

text: appealed

text: for

text: a

text: mutual

text: discussion

text: between

text: herself

text: and

text: Ritchie

text: about

text: Rocco

question: When did Madonna's album demo leaked online?

answer: December 2014

text: December 2014

question: What is Madonna's thirteenth album called?

answer: Rebel Heart

text: Rebel Heart

question: When was Rebel Heart released?

answer: March 10, 2015

text: March 10, 2015

question: When did Madonna embark on the Rebel Heart Tour?

answer: September 2015

text: September 2015

question: How much did Rebel Heart Tour grossed?

answer: $169.8 million

text: $169.8 million


text: On June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an event contrary to official Soviet history. The authorities did not crack down on demonstrators, which encouraged more and larger demonstrations throughout the Baltic States. The next major anniversary after the August 23 Molotov Pact demonstration was on November 18, the date of Latvia’s independence in 1918. On November 18, 1987, hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument, but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: June

text: about

text: people

text: gathered

text: again

text: at

text: Freedom

text: Monument

text: in

text: Riga

text: and

text: laid

text: flowers

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: mass

text: deportation

text: of

text: Latvians

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: large

text: demonstration

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: republics

text: to

text: commemorate

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: an

text: event

text: contrary

text: to

text: official

text: Soviet

text: history

text: The

text: authorities

text: did

text: not

text: crack

text: down

text: on

text: demonstrators

text: which

text: encouraged

text: more

text: and

text: larger

text: demonstrations

text: throughout

text: the

text: Baltic

text: States

text: The

text: next

text: major

text: anniversary

text: after

text: the

text: August

text: Molotov

text: Pact

text: demonstration

text: was

text: on

text: November

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: Latvia

text: ’s

text: independence

text: in

text: On

text: November

text: hundreds

text: of

text: police

text: and

text: civilian

text: militiamen

text: cordoned

text: off

text: the

text: central

text: square

text: to

text: prevent

text: any

text: demonstration

text: at

text: Freedom

text: Monument

text: but

text: thousands

text: lined

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Riga

text: in

text: silent

text: protest

text: regardless

question: Where did the demonstrators meet in June of 1987?

answer: Freedom Monument

text: Freedom Monument

question: Where is Freedom Monument?

answer: Riga

text: Riga

question: What did the protesters do?

answer: laid flowers

text: laid flowers

question: Who were the protesters remembering?

answer: Latvians

text: Latvians

question: Where did further protests take place?

answer: Baltic States

text: Baltic States


text: An album entitled Take Me Out to a Cubs Game was released in 2008. It is a collection of 17 songs and other recordings related to the team, including Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" on September 21, 1997, the Steve Goodman song mentioned above, and a newly recorded rendition of "Talkin' Baseball" (subtitled "Baseball and the Cubs") by Terry Cashman. The album was produced in celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Cubs' 1908 World Series victory and contains sounds and songs of the Cubs and Wrigley Field.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: An

text: album

text: entitled

text: Take

text: Me

text: Out

text: to

text: a

text: Cubs

text: Game

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: songs

text: and

text: other

text: recordings

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: team

text: including

text: Harry

text: Caray

text: 's

text: final

text: performance

text: of

text: Take

text: Me

text: Out

text: to

text: the

text: Ball

text: Game

text: on

text: September

text: the

text: Steve

text: Goodman

text: song

text: mentioned

text: above

text: and

text: a

text: newly

text: recorded

text: rendition

text: of

text: Talkin

text: Baseball

text: subtitled

text: Baseball

text: and

text: the

text: Cubs

text: by

text: Terry

text: Cashman

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: produced

text: in

text: celebration

text: of

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: the

text: Cubs

text: World

text: Series

text: victory

text: and

text: contains

text: sounds

text: and

text: songs

text: of

text: the

text: Cubs

text: and

text: Wrigley

text: Field

question: When was Take Me Out to a Cubs game released?

answer: 2008

question: How many songs are on the Take Me Out to a Cubs Game album?

answer: 17 songs

text: 17 songs

question: When was Harry Caray's final performance of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"?

answer: September 21, 1997

text: September 21, 1997


text: TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, TCM is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on TCM, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

title: Turner_Classic_Movies

text: TCM

text: 's

text: film

text: content

text: has

text: remained

text: mostly

text: uncut

text: and

text: uncolorized

text: with

text: films

text: natively

text: filmed

text: or

text: post

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: format

text: being

text: those

text: only

text: ones

text: presented

text: in

text: color

text: depending

text: upon

text: the

text: original

text: content

text: of

text: movies

text: particularly

text: movies

text: released

text: after

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: ratings

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: concurrent

text: disestablishment

text: of

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Production

text: Code

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: TCM

text: is

text: formatted

text: similarly

text: to

text: a

text: premium

text: channel

text: with

text: certain

text: films

text: particularly

text: those

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: onward

text: sometimes

text: featuring

text: nudity

text: sexual

text: content

text: violence

text: and/or

text: strong

text: profanity

text: the

text: network

text: also

text: features

text: rating

text: bumpers

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: a

text: program

text: most

text: programs

text: on

text: TCM

text: especially

text: films

text: are

text: rated

text: for

text: content

text: using

text: the

text: TV

text: Parental

text: Guidelines

text: in

text: lieu

text: of

text: the

text: MPAA

text: 's

text: rating

text: system

question: In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?

answer: 1968

question: In what year did the Motion Picture Production Code cease?

answer: 1968

question: What rating system is often used by TCM?

answer: TV Parental Guidelines

text: TV Parental Guidelines

question: In what year did TCM introduce its rating system?

question: In what year did the TCM cease?

question: What rating system is often used by the Motion Picture Association of America?

text: TV Parental Guidelines

question: Whose content has remained mostly cut?

text: TCM

question: What bumpers were particularly formatted?

text: those made from the 1960s onward


text: Harriet Harman became the Leader of the Opposition and acting Leader of the Labour Party following the resignation of Gordon Brown on 11 May 2010, pending a leadership election subsequently won by Ed Miliband. Miliband emphasised "responsible capitalism" and greater state intervention to change the balance of the UK economy away from financial services. Tackling vested interests and opening up closed circles in British society were also themes he returned to a number of times. Miliband also argued for greater regulation on banks and the energy companies.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: Harriet

text: Harman

text: became

text: the

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Opposition

text: and

text: acting

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: following

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: Gordon

text: Brown

text: on

text: May

text: pending

text: a

text: leadership

text: election

text: subsequently

text: won

text: by

text: Ed

text: Miliband

text: Miliband

text: emphasised

text: responsible

text: capitalism

text: and

text: greater

text: state

text: intervention

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: balance

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: economy

text: away

text: from

text: financial

text: services

text: Tackling

text: vested

text: interests

text: and

text: opening

text: up

text: closed

text: circles

text: in

text: British

text: society

text: were

text: also

text: themes

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: times

text: Miliband

text: also

text: argued

text: for

text: greater

text: regulation

text: on

text: banks

text: and

text: the

text: energy

text: companies

question: When did Ed Miliband resign?

text: 11 May 2010

question: Who won power after Ed Miliband?

text: Harriet Harman

question: What did Harriet Harman emphasize?

text: responsible capitalism

question: What did Miliband want to change the balance of the UK economy towards?

text: financial services

question: What did Miliband want to regulate less?

text: banks


text: During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was a tree, rather than a shrub. This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in several Germanic languages, such as German Baumwolle, which translates as "tree wool" (Baum means "tree"; Wolle means "wool"). Noting its similarities to wool, people in the region could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. John Mandeville, writing in 1350, stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: "There grew there [India] a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie  [sic]." (See Vegetable Lamb of Tartary.) By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in Asia and the Americas.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: medieval

text: period

text: cotton

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: imported

text: fiber

text: in

text: northern

text: Europe

text: without

text: any

text: knowledge

text: of

text: how

text: it

text: was

text: derived

text: other

text: than

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: plant

text: Because

text: Herodotus

text: had

text: written

text: in

text: his

text: Histories

text: Book

text: III

text: that

text: in

text: India

text: trees

text: grew

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: producing

text: wool

text: it

text: was

text: assumed

text: that

text: the

text: plant

text: was

text: a

text: tree

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: shrub

text: This

text: aspect

text: is

text: retained

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: for

text: cotton

text: in

text: several

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: German

text: Baumwolle

text: which

text: translates

text: as

text: tree

text: wool

text: Baum

text: means

text: tree

text: Wolle

text: means

text: wool

text: Noting

text: its

text: similarities

text: to

text: wool

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: could

text: only

text: imagine

text: that

text: cotton

text: must

text: be

text: produced

text: by

text: plant

text: borne

text: sheep

text: John

text: Mandeville

text: writing

text: in

text: stated

text: as

text: fact

text: the

text: now

text: preposterous

text: belief

text: There

text: grew

text: there

text: India

text: a

text: wonderful

text: tree

text: which

text: bore

text: tiny

text: lambs

text: on

text: the

text: endes

text: of

text: its

text: branches

text: These

text: branches

text: were

text: so

text: pliable

text: that

text: they

text: bent

text: down

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: lambs

text: to

text: feed

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: hungrie

text: sic

text: See

text: Vegetable

text: Lamb

text: of

text: Tartary

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: cotton

text: was

text: cultivated

text: throughout

text: the

text: warmer

text: regions

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

question: In the late medieval period in Europe as what was cotton viewed?

answer: imported fiber

text: imported fiber

question: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree?

answer: Herodotus

text: Herodotus

question: What 1350 writer stated that cotton was produced by sheep that grew on trees?

answer: John Mandeville

text: John Mandeville

question: By the end of what century was cotton grown in the Americas and Asia?

answer: 16th century

text: 16th century

question: Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in plants?

answer: similarities to wool

text: similarities to wool

question: What was cotton viewed as in the late medieval period in Asia?

text: imported fiber

question: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that wool might be a tree?

text: Herodotus

question: What 1350 writer stated that wool was produced by sheep that grew on trees?

text: John Mandeville

question: By the end of what century was cotton grown in Germany?

text: 16th century

question: Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in northern Europe?

text: similarities to wool


text: However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited one of America's only Whitehead experts – Henry Nelson Wieman – to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought. Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years, and for at least thirty years afterward Chicago's Divinity School was closely associated with Whitehead's thought.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: However

text: Mathews

text: frustration

text: with

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: books

text: did

text: not

text: negatively

text: affect

text: his

text: interest

text: In

text: fact

text: there

text: were

text: numerous

text: philosophers

text: and

text: theologians

text: at

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: Divinity

text: School

text: that

text: perceived

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: what

text: Whitehead

text: was

text: doing

text: without

text: fully

text: grasping

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: details

text: and

text: implications

text: In

text: they

text: invited

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: only

text: Whitehead

text: experts

text: Henry

text: Nelson

text: Wieman

text: to

text: Chicago

text: to

text: give

text: a

text: lecture

text: explaining

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: thought

text: Wieman

text: 's

text: lecture

text: was

text: so

text: brilliant

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: promptly

text: hired

text: to

text: the

text: faculty

text: and

text: taught

text: there

text: for

text: twenty

text: years

text: and

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: thirty

text: years

text: afterward

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: Divinity

text: School

text: was

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: Whitehead

text: 's

text: thought

question: Who was frustrated in Whitehead's books but still interested?

answer: Mathews

text: Mathews

question: What school recognized the importance of Whitehead's work?

answer: Chicago's Divinity School

text: Chicago's Divinity School

question: Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts?

answer: Henry Nelson Wieman

text: Henry Nelson Wieman

question: When was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to the Chicago Divinity school?

answer: 1927

question: What happened after Henry Nelson Wieman gave a lecture about Whitehead?

answer: hired

text: hired

question: What affect did Matthews' opinion of the difficulty of Whitehead's works have on his interest in them?

answer: Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest

text: Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest

question: How did many philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School view Whitehead's work?

answer: perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications

text: perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications

question: What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to explain Whitehead's ideas?

answer: Henry Nelson Wieman

text: Henry Nelson Wieman

question: What was the result of that lecture?

answer: Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years

text: Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years

question: What affect did Matthews' opinion of the ease of Whitehead's works have on his interest in them?

question: How did many philosophers and theologians at Illinois Divinity School view Whitehead's work?

question: What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to reject Whitehead's ideas?

text: Henry Nelson Wieman

question: Who was amused in Whitehead's books but still interested?

text: Mathews


text: Underlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis. Each step in digestion requires energy, and thus imposes an "overhead charge" on the energy made available from absorbed substances. Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures. Examples may be seen in humans, who differ considerably from other hominids (lack of hair, smaller jaws and musculature, different dentition, length of intestines, cooking, etc.).

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: Underlying

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: muscle

text: movement

text: throughout

text: the

text: system

text: through

text: swallowing

text: and

text: peristalsis

text: Each

text: step

text: in

text: digestion

text: requires

text: energy

text: and

text: thus

text: imposes

text: an

text: overhead

text: charge

text: on

text: the

text: energy

text: made

text: available

text: from

text: absorbed

text: substances

text: Differences

text: in

text: that

text: overhead

text: cost

text: are

text: important

text: influences

text: on

text: lifestyle

text: behavior

text: and

text: even

text: physical

text: structures

text: Examples

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: humans

text: who

text: differ

text: considerably

text: from

text: other

text: hominids

text: lack

text: of

text: hair

text: smaller

text: jaws

text: and

text: musculature

text: different

text: dentition

text: length

text: of

text: intestines

text: cooking

text: etc

question: What muscle movements are used for digestion?

answer: swallowing and peristalsis

text: swallowing and peristalsis

question: What does every stpe of digestion require?

answer: energy

text: energy

question: What does needing energy to digest impose?

answer: an "overhead charge"

text: an "overhead charge"

question: Over head charges influence what?

answer: lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures

text: lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures


text: Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Mieszko

text: I

text: of

text: Poland

text: c.

text: May

text: established

text: an

text: elite

text: knightly

text: retinue

text: from

text: within

text: his

text: army

text: which

text: he

text: depended

text: upon

text: for

text: success

text: in

text: uniting

text: the

text: Lekhitic

text: tribes

text: and

text: preserving

text: the

text: unity

text: of

text: his

text: state

text: Documented

text: proof

text: exists

text: of

text: Mieszko

text: I

text: 's

text: successors

text: utilizing

text: such

text: a

text: retinue

text: as

text: well

question: WHo established an elite knightly retinue?

answer: Mieszko I of Poland

text: Mieszko I of Poland

question: How long was Miesko I of Poland reigning?

answer: (c. 935 – 25 May 992)

text: (c. 935 – 25 May 992)

question: Along with uniting the lekhitic tribes what did poland succeed in?

answer: preserving the unity of his state

text: preserving the unity of his state

question: Who also established this retinue as well?

answer: Mieszko I's successors

text: Mieszko I's successors