text: The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: The

text: optimum

text: format

text: for

text: a

text: broadcast

text: depends

text: upon

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: videographic

text: recording

text: medium

text: used

text: and

text: the

text: image

text: 's

text: characteristics

text: For

text: best

text: fidelity

text: to

text: the

text: source

text: the

text: transmitted

text: field

text: ratio

text: lines

text: and

text: frame

text: rate

text: should

text: match

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: source

question: A broadcasts optimum format depends on what two things?

answer: the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics

text: the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics

question: For best fidelity to the source, what three things should match the source?

answer: transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate

text: transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate

question: For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match what?

answer: those of the source

text: those of the source

question: The type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics determine what?

answer: The optimum format for a broadcast

text: The optimum format for a broadcast

question: A broadcasts optimum format depends on what three things?

question: For best fidelity to the source, what five things should match the source?

question: For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should not match what?

text: those of the source

question: The type of videographic recording medium didn't use and the image's characteristics determine what?

text: optimum format for a broadcast


text: In the race for individual contributions, economist Lyndon LaRouche dominated the pack leading up to the primaries. According to the Federal Election Commission statistics, LaRouche had more individual contributors to his 2004 presidential campaign than any other candidate, until the final quarter of the primary season, when John Kerry surpassed him. As of the April 15 filing, LaRouche had 7834 individual contributions, of those who have given cumulatively, $200 or more, as compared to 6257 for John Kerry, 5582 for John Edwards, 4090 for Howard Dean, and 2744 for Gephardt.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: In

text: the

text: race

text: for

text: individual

text: contributions

text: economist

text: Lyndon

text: LaRouche

text: dominated

text: the

text: pack

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: primaries

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Federal

text: Election

text: Commission

text: statistics

text: LaRouche

text: had

text: more

text: individual

text: contributors

text: to

text: his

text: presidential

text: campaign

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: candidate

text: until

text: the

text: final

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: season

text: when

text: John

text: Kerry

text: surpassed

text: him

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: April

text: filing

text: LaRouche

text: had

text: individual

text: contributions

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: given

text: cumulatively

text: or

text: more

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: for

text: John

text: Kerry

text: for

text: John

text: Edwards

text: for

text: Howard

text: Dean

text: and

text: for

text: Gephardt

question: Who, at the start of the primaries, had the most single campaign contributors?

answer: Lyndon LaRouche

text: Lyndon LaRouche

question: Who had the highest amount of single campaign contributors, at the final quarter of the primaries?

answer: John Kerry

text: John Kerry

question: Who earned the fewest individual contributions as of the April 15th filing date?

answer: Gephardt

text: Gephardt

question: What agency provided statistical information regarding the Presidential Candidates' individual contributors?

answer: Federal Election Commission

text: Federal Election Commission

question: What did Gephardt have more of than any other candidate in 2004?

text: individual contributors

question: When did John Edwards surpass Gephardt in individual contributors for his campaign?

question: What profession did Gephardt have before 2004?

text: economist

question: When did the FEC start collecting presidential campaign funding statistics?

question: What is the minimum amount that an individual contributor can donate to a campaign according to the FEC?


text: Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors describe haruspicy as an ancient, ethnically Etruscan "outsider" religious profession, separate from Rome's internal and largely unpaid priestly hierarchy, essential but never quite respectable. During the mid-to-late Republic, the reformist Gaius Gracchus, the populist politician-general Gaius Marius and his antagonist Sulla, and the "notorious Verres" justified their very different policies by the divinely inspired utterances of private diviners. The senate and armies used the public haruspices: at some time during the late Republic, the Senate decreed that Roman boys of noble family be sent to Etruria for training in haruspicy and divination. Being of independent means, they would be better motivated to maintain a pure, religious practice for the public good. The motives of private haruspices – especially females – and their clients were officially suspect: none of this seems to have troubled Marius, who employed a Syrian prophetess.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Haruspicy

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: public

text: cult

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: the

text: augur

text: or

text: presiding

text: magistrate

text: The

text: haruspices

text: divined

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: through

text: examination

text: of

text: entrails

text: after

text: sacrifice

text: particularly

text: the

text: liver

text: They

text: also

text: interpreted

text: omens

text: prodigies

text: and

text: portents

text: and

text: formulated

text: their

text: expiation

text: Most

text: Roman

text: authors

text: describe

text: haruspicy

text: as

text: an

text: ancient

text: ethnically

text: Etruscan

text: outsider

text: religious

text: profession

text: separate

text: from

text: Rome

text: 's

text: internal

text: and

text: largely

text: unpaid

text: priestly

text: hierarchy

text: essential

text: but

text: never

text: quite

text: respectable

text: During

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: Republic

text: the

text: reformist

text: Gaius

text: Gracchus

text: the

text: populist

text: politician

text: general

text: Gaius

text: Marius

text: and

text: his

text: antagonist

text: Sulla

text: and

text: the

text: notorious

text: Verres

text: justified

text: their

text: very

text: different

text: policies

text: by

text: the

text: divinely

text: inspired

text: utterances

text: of

text: private

text: diviners

text: The

text: senate

text: and

text: armies

text: used

text: the

text: public

text: haruspices

text: at

text: some

text: time

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Republic

text: the

text: Senate

text: decreed

text: that

text: Roman

text: boys

text: of

text: noble

text: family

text: be

text: sent

text: to

text: Etruria

text: for

text: training

text: in

text: haruspicy

text: and

text: divination

text: Being

text: of

text: independent

text: means

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: better

text: motivated

text: to

text: maintain

text: a

text: pure

text: religious

text: practice

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: good

text: The

text: motives

text: of

text: private

text: haruspices

text: especially

text: females

text: and

text: their

text: clients

text: were

text: officially

text: suspect

text: of

text: this

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: troubled

text: Marius

text: who

text: employed

text: a

text: Syrian

text: prophetess

question: What process did haruspicy use to divine the will of the gods?

answer: examination of entrails

text: examination of entrails

question: Which of the entrails was especially important to augury?

answer: liver

text: liver

question: To which group can haruspicy to traced?

answer: Etruscan

text: Etruscan

question: What type of private  individual had several generals and politicians used to validate their actions?

answer: diviners

text: diviners

question: What type of diviners did the armies use to determine the will of the gods?

answer: public haruspices

text: public haruspices


text: Gagarin's flight changed this; now Kennedy sensed the humiliation and fear on the part of the American public over the Soviet lead. He sent a memo dated April 20, 1961, to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking him to look into the state of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportunity to catch up. The two major options at the time seemed to be, either establishment of an Earth orbital space station, or a manned landing on the Moon. Johnson in turn consulted with von Braun, who answered Kennedy's questions based on his estimates of US and Soviet rocket lifting capability. Based on this, Johnson responded to Kennedy, concluding that much more was needed to reach a position of leadership, and recommending that the manned Moon landing was far enough in the future that the US had a fighting chance to achieve it first.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: Gagarin

text: 's

text: flight

text: changed

text: this

text: now

text: Kennedy

text: sensed

text: the

text: humiliation

text: and

text: fear

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: public

text: over

text: the

text: Soviet

text: lead

text: He

text: sent

text: a

text: memo

text: dated

text: April

text: to

text: Vice

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: asking

text: him

text: to

text: look

text: into

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: space

text: program

text: and

text: into

text: programs

text: that

text: could

text: offer

text: NASA

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: catch

text: up

text: The

text: two

text: major

text: options

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: seemed

text: to

text: be

text: either

text: establishment

text: of

text: an

text: Earth

text: orbital

text: space

text: station

text: or

text: a

text: manned

text: landing

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: Johnson

text: in

text: turn

text: consulted

text: with

text: von

text: Braun

text: who

text: answered

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: questions

text: based

text: on

text: his

text: estimates

text: of

text: US

text: and

text: Soviet

text: rocket

text: lifting

text: capability

text: Based

text: on

text: this

text: Johnson

text: responded

text: to

text: Kennedy

text: concluding

text: that

text: much

text: more

text: was

text: needed

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: position

text: of

text: leadership

text: and

text: recommending

text: that

text: the

text: manned

text: Moon

text: landing

text: was

text: far

text: enough

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: that

text: the

text: US

text: had

text: a

text: fighting

text: chance

text: to

text: achieve

text: it

text: first

question: President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program?

answer: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson


text: The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Moltke's ability to control large formations spread out over significant distances. The Chief of the General Staff, effectively the commander in chief of the Prussian army, was independent of the minister of war and answered only to the monarch. The French General Staff—along with those of every other European military—was little better than a collection of assistants for the line commanders. This disorganization hampered the French commanders' ability to exercise control of their forces.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: Prussian

text: General

text: Staff

text: developed

text: by

text: Moltke

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: extremely

text: effective

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: traditional

text: French

text: school

text: This

text: was

text: in

text: large

text: part

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: Prussian

text: General

text: Staff

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: study

text: previous

text: Prussian

text: operations

text: and

text: learn

text: to

text: avoid

text: mistakes

text: The

text: structure

text: also

text: greatly

text: strengthened

text: Moltke

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: control

text: large

text: formations

text: spread

text: out

text: over

text: significant

text: distances

text: The

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: effectively

text: the

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: army

text: was

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: minister

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: answered

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: monarch

text: The

text: French

text: General

text: Staff

text: along

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: every

text: other

text: European

text: military

text: was

text: little

text: better

text: than

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: assistants

text: for

text: the

text: line

text: commanders

text: This

text: disorganization

text: hampered

text: the

text: French

text: commanders

text: ability

text: to

text: exercise

text: control

text: of

text: their

text: forces

question: The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what?

answer: extremely effective

text: extremely effective

question: What was key factor did the Prussian General Staff study?

answer: previous Prussian operations

text: previous Prussian operations

question: What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?

answer: learn to avoid mistakes

text: learn to avoid mistakes

question: The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what?

answer: significant distances

text: significant distances

question: Who is essentially considered the commander in chief of the Prussian army?

answer: The Chief of the General Staff

text: The Chief of the General Staff


text: Along with secular matters, readers also favoured an alphabetical ordering scheme over cumbersome works arranged along thematic lines. The historian Charles Porset, commenting on alphabetization, has said that "as the zero degree of taxonomy, alphabetical order authorizes all reading strategies; in this respect it could be considered an emblem of the Enlightenment." For Porset, the avoidance of thematic and hierarchical systems thus allows free interpretation of the works and becomes an example of egalitarianism. Encyclopedias and dictionaries also became more popular during the Age of Reason as the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply. In the later half of the 18th century, the number of dictionaries and encyclopedias published by decade increased from 63 between 1760 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the decade proceeding the French Revolution (1780–1789). Along with growth in numbers, dictionaries and encyclopedias also grew in length, often having multiple print runs that sometimes included in supplemented editions.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: Along

text: with

text: secular

text: matters

text: readers

text: also

text: favoured

text: an

text: alphabetical

text: ordering

text: scheme

text: over

text: cumbersome

text: works

text: arranged

text: along

text: thematic

text: lines

text: The

text: historian

text: Charles

text: Porset

text: commenting

text: on

text: alphabetization

text: has

text: said

text: that

text: as

text: the

text: zero

text: degree

text: of

text: taxonomy

text: alphabetical

text: order

text: authorizes

text: all

text: reading

text: strategies

text: in

text: this

text: respect

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: emblem

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: For

text: Porset

text: the

text: avoidance

text: of

text: thematic

text: and

text: hierarchical

text: systems

text: thus

text: allows

text: free

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: works

text: and

text: becomes

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: egalitarianism

text: Encyclopedias

text: and

text: dictionaries

text: also

text: became

text: more

text: popular

text: during

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Reason

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: educated

text: consumers

text: who

text: could

text: afford

text: such

text: texts

text: began

text: to

text: multiply

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: encyclopedias

text: published

text: by

text: decade

text: increased

text: from

text: between

text: and

text: to

text: approximately

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: proceeding

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Along

text: with

text: growth

text: in

text: numbers

text: dictionaries

text: and

text: encyclopedias

text: also

text: grew

text: in

text: length

text: often

text: having

text: multiple

text: print

text: runs

text: that

text: sometimes

text: included

text: in

text: supplemented

text: editions

question: What ordering scheme did readers prefer?

answer: alphabetical

text: alphabetical

question: Who believed the avoidance of thematic and heirarhical systems allowed free interpretation of the works and caused them to beomce an example of eglitarianism?

answer: Charles Porset

text: Charles Porset

question: Why did Encyclopedias and dictionaries become more popular during the Age of Reason?

answer: the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply

text: the number of educated consumers who could afford such texts began to multiply

question: How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published between 1760 and 1769?

answer: 63

question: How many dictionaries and encyclopedias were published in the decade preceding the French Revolution?

answer: 148


text: There is also a range of independent or public schools. Many of these are for pupils between 11 and 18 years, such as King's College, Taunton and Taunton School. King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later in the reign of Edward VI. Millfield is the largest co-educational boarding school. There are also preparatory schools for younger children, such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School. Chilton Cantelo School offers places both to day pupils and boarders aged 7 to 16. Other schools provide education for children from the age of 3 or 4 years through to 18, such as King Edward's School, Bath, Queen's College, Taunton and Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain. Some of these schools have religious affiliations, such as Monkton Combe School, Prior Park College, Sidcot School which is associated with the Religious Society of Friends, Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, situated next to the Benedictine Downside Abbey, and Kingswood School, which was founded by John Wesley in 1748 in Kingswood near Bristol, originally for the education of the sons of the itinerant ministers (clergy) of the Methodist Church.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: independent

text: or

text: public

text: schools

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: for

text: pupils

text: between

text: and

text: years

text: such

text: as

text: King

text: 's

text: College

text: Taunton

text: and

text: Taunton

text: School

text: King

text: 's

text: School

text: Bruton

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: received

text: royal

text: foundation

text: status

text: around

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Edward

text: VI

text: Millfield

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: co

text: educational

text: boarding

text: school

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: preparatory

text: schools

text: for

text: younger

text: children

text: such

text: as

text: All

text: Hallows

text: and

text: Hazlegrove

text: Preparatory

text: School

text: Chilton

text: Cantelo

text: School

text: offers

text: places

text: both

text: to

text: day

text: pupils

text: and

text: boarders

text: aged

text: to

text: Other

text: schools

text: provide

text: education

text: for

text: children

text: from

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: or

text: years

text: through

text: to

text: such

text: as

text: King

text: Edward

text: 's

text: School

text: Bath

text: Queen

text: 's

text: College

text: Taunton

text: and

text: Wells

text: Cathedral

text: School

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: established

text: musical

text: schools

text: for

text: school

text: age

text: children

text: in

text: Britain

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: schools

text: have

text: religious

text: affiliations

text: such

text: as

text: Monkton

text: Combe

text: School

text: Prior

text: Park

text: College

text: Sidcot

text: School

text: which

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Religious

text: Society

text: of

text: Friends

text: Downside

text: School

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: public

text: school

text: in

text: Stratton

text: on

text: the

text: Fosse

text: situated

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: Benedictine

text: Downside

text: Abbey

text: and

text: Kingswood

text: School

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: John

text: Wesley

text: in

text: in

text: Kingswood

text: near

text: Bristol

text: originally

text: for

text: the

text: education

text: of

text: the

text: sons

text: of

text: the

text: itinerant

text: ministers

text: clergy

text: of

text: the

text: Methodist

text: Church

question: What school in Bruton was given royal  foundation status

answer: King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later

text: King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later

question: What are some prepatory schools for younger students

answer: such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School

text: such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School

question: What is one of the Musical schools

answer: Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain

text: Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain

question: What is a roman catholic school

answer: Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse

text: Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse

question: In what year did Edward VI begin his reign?

question: In what year was All Hallows established?

question: What age children are taught at Monkton Combe School?

text: 7 to 16

question: What age children are taught at Sidcot School?

text: 4 years through to 18

question: In what year was Monkton Combe School founded?


text: Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theory was a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent. The collection of heuristic prescriptions for quantum mechanics were the first corrections to classical mechanics. Outside the realm of quantum physics, the various aether theories in classical physics, which supposed a "fifth element" such as the Luminiferous aether, were nullified by the Michelson-Morley experiment—an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether. In biology, Darwinism gained acceptance, promoting the concept of adaptation in the theory of natural selection. The fields of geology, astronomy and psychology also made strides and gained new insights. In medicine, there were advances in medical theory and treatments.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Replacing

text: the

text: classical

text: physics

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: modern

text: physics

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: quantum

text: physics

text: substituting

text: mathematical

text: studies

text: for

text: experimental

text: studies

text: and

text: examining

text: equations

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: theoretical

text: structure.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: old

text: quantum

text: theory

text: was

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: results

text: which

text: predate

text: modern

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: but

text: were

text: never

text: complete

text: or

text: self

text: consistent

text: The

text: collection

text: of

text: heuristic

text: prescriptions

text: for

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: corrections

text: to

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: Outside

text: the

text: realm

text: of

text: quantum

text: physics

text: the

text: various

text: aether

text: theories

text: in

text: classical

text: physics

text: which

text: supposed

text: a

text: fifth

text: element

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Luminiferous

text: aether

text: were

text: nullified

text: by

text: the

text: Michelson

text: Morley

text: experiment

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: detect

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: earth

text: through

text: the

text: aether

text: In

text: biology

text: Darwinism

text: gained

text: acceptance

text: promoting

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: adaptation

text: in

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: The

text: fields

text: of

text: geology

text: astronomy

text: and

text: psychology

text: also

text: made

text: strides

text: and

text: gained

text: new

text: insights

text: In

text: medicine

text: there

text: were

text: advances

text: in

text: medical

text: theory

text: and

text: treatments

question: When did modern physics arise?

answer: early 20th century

text: early 20th century

question: What is the old Quantum  theory?

answer: a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.

text: a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.

question: The "fifth element" was disproved by what?

answer: Michelson-Morley experiment

text: Michelson-Morley experiment

question: What is the Michelson-Morley experiment?

answer: an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether

text: an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether

question: What does Darwinism promote?

answer: the theory of natural selection.

text: the theory of natural selection.


text: The first blue-violet LED using magnesium-doped gallium nitride was made at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines, doctoral students in materials science and engineering. At the time Maruska was on leave from RCA Laboratories, where he collaborated with Jacques Pankove on related work. In 1971, the year after Maruska left for Stanford, his RCA colleagues Pankove and Ed Miller demonstrated the first blue electroluminescence from zinc-doped gallium nitride, though the subsequent device Pankove and Miller built, the first actual gallium nitride light-emitting diode, emitted green light. In 1974 the U.S. Patent Office awarded Maruska, Rhines and Stanford professor David Stevenson a patent for their work in 1972 (U.S. Patent US3819974 A) and today magnesium-doping of gallium nitride continues to be the basis for all commercial blue LEDs and laser diodes. These devices built in the early 1970s had too little light output to be of practical use and research into gallium nitride devices slowed. In August 1989, Cree introduced the first commercially available blue LED based on the indirect bandgap semiconductor, silicon carbide (SiC). SiC LEDs had very low efficiency, no more than about 0.03%, but did emit in the blue portion of the visible light spectrum.[citation needed]

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: The

text: first

text: blue

text: violet

text: LED

text: using

text: magnesium

text: doped

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: was

text: made

text: at

text: Stanford

text: University

text: in

text: by

text: Herb

text: Maruska

text: and

text: Wally

text: Rhines

text: doctoral

text: students

text: in

text: materials

text: science

text: and

text: engineering

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: Maruska

text: was

text: on

text: leave

text: from

text: RCA

text: Laboratories

text: where

text: he

text: collaborated

text: with

text: Jacques

text: Pankove

text: on

text: related

text: work

text: In

text: the

text: year

text: after

text: Maruska

text: left

text: for

text: Stanford

text: his

text: RCA

text: colleagues

text: Pankove

text: and

text: Ed

text: Miller

text: demonstrated

text: the

text: first

text: blue

text: electroluminescence

text: from

text: zinc

text: doped

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: though

text: the

text: subsequent

text: device

text: Pankove

text: and

text: Miller

text: built

text: the

text: first

text: actual

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: light

text: emitting

text: diode

text: emitted

text: green

text: light

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: Office

text: awarded

text: Maruska

text: Rhines

text: and

text: Stanford

text: professor

text: David

text: Stevenson

text: a

text: patent

text: for

text: their

text: work

text: in

text: U.S.

text: Patent

text: A

text: and

text: today

text: magnesium

text: doping

text: of

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: all

text: commercial

text: blue

text: LEDs

text: and

text: laser

text: diodes

text: These

text: devices

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: had

text: too

text: little

text: light

text: output

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: practical

text: use

text: and

text: research

text: into

text: gallium

text: nitride

text: devices

text: slowed

text: In

text: August

text: Cree

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: commercially

text: available

text: blue

text: LED

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: indirect

text: bandgap

text: semiconductor

text: silicon

text: carbide

text: SiC

text: SiC

text: LEDs

text: had

text: very

text: low

text: efficiency

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: about

text: but

text: did

text: emit

text: in

text: the

text: blue

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: visible

text: light

text: spectrum.[citation

text: needed

question: The first blue-violet LED was developed at what University?

answer: Stanford

text: Stanford

question: When was the first blue-violet LED developed?

answer: 1972

question: What students developed the first blue-violet LED?

answer: Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines

text: Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines

question: What substance helped demonstrate the first blue electroluminescence?

answer: zinc-doped gallium nitride

text: zinc-doped gallium nitride

question: The first red-violet LED was developed at what University?

text: Stanford

question: When was the first red-violet LED developed?

question: What students developed the first red-violet LED?

text: Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines

question: What substance helped demonstrate the first red electroluminescence?

text: zinc-doped gallium nitride


text: In a number of countries, although being today generally considered similar institutions of higher learning across many countries, polytechnics and institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other, its teaching competences and organizational history. In many cases polytechnic were elite technological universities concentrating on applied science and engineering and may also be a former designation for a vocational institution, before it has been granted the exclusive right to award academic degrees and can be truly called an institute of technology. A number of polytechnics providing higher education is simply a result of a formal upgrading from their original and historical role as intermediate technical education schools. In some situations, former polytechnics or other non-university institutions have emerged solely through an administrative change of statutes, which often included a name change with the introduction of new designations like institute of technology, polytechnic university, university of applied sciences, or university of technology for marketing purposes. Such emergence of so many upgraded polytechnics, former vocational education and technical schools converted into more university-like institutions has caused concern where the lack of specialized intermediate technical professionals lead to industrial skill shortages in some fields, being also associated to an increase of the graduate unemployment rate. This is mostly the case in those countries, where the education system is not controlled by the state and everybody can grant degrees.[citation needed] Evidence have also shown a decline in the general quality of teaching and graduate's preparation for the workplace, due to the fast-paced conversion of that technical institutions to more advanced higher level institutions. Mentz, Kotze and Van der Merwe (2008) argues that all the tools are in place to promote the debate on the place of technology in higher education in general and in Universities of Technology specifically. The aspects of this debate can follow the following lines: • To what degree is technology defined as a concept? • What is the scope of technology discourse? • What is the place and relation of science with technology? • How useful is the Mitcham framework in thinking about technology in South Africa? • Can a measure of cooperation as opposed to competition be achieved amongst higher education institutions? • Who ultimately is responsible for vocational training and what is the role of technology in this?

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: countries

text: although

text: being

text: today

text: generally

text: considered

text: similar

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: learning

text: across

text: many

text: countries

text: polytechnics

text: and

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: used

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: quite

text: different

text: statute

text: among

text: each

text: other

text: its

text: teaching

text: competences

text: and

text: organizational

text: history

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: polytechnic

text: were

text: elite

text: technological

text: universities

text: concentrating

text: on

text: applied

text: science

text: and

text: engineering

text: and

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: a

text: former

text: designation

text: for

text: a

text: vocational

text: institution

text: before

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: granted

text: the

text: exclusive

text: right

text: to

text: award

text: academic

text: degrees

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: truly

text: called

text: an

text: institute

text: of

text: technology

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: polytechnics

text: providing

text: higher

text: education

text: is

text: simply

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: formal

text: upgrading

text: from

text: their

text: original

text: and

text: historical

text: role

text: as

text: intermediate

text: technical

text: education

text: schools

text: In

text: some

text: situations

text: former

text: polytechnics

text: or

text: other

text: non

text: university

text: institutions

text: have

text: emerged

text: solely

text: through

text: an

text: administrative

text: change

text: of

text: statutes

text: which

text: often

text: included

text: a

text: name

text: change

text: with

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: new

text: designations

text: like

text: institute

text: of

text: technology

text: polytechnic

text: university

text: university

text: of

text: applied

text: sciences

text: or

text: university

text: of

text: technology

text: for

text: marketing

text: purposes

text: Such

text: emergence

text: of

text: so

text: many

text: upgraded

text: polytechnics

text: former

text: vocational

text: education

text: and

text: technical

text: schools

text: converted

text: into

text: more

text: university

text: like

text: institutions

text: has

text: caused

text: concern

text: where

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: specialized

text: intermediate

text: technical

text: professionals

text: lead

text: to

text: industrial

text: skill

text: shortages

text: in

text: some

text: fields

text: being

text: also

text: associated

text: to

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: the

text: graduate

text: unemployment

text: rate

text: This

text: is

text: mostly

text: the

text: case

text: in

text: those

text: countries

text: where

text: the

text: education

text: system

text: is

text: not

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: everybody

text: can

text: grant

text: degrees.[citation

text: needed

text: Evidence

text: have

text: also

text: shown

text: a

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: quality

text: of

text: teaching

text: and

text: graduate

text: 's

text: preparation

text: for

text: the

text: workplace

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: fast

text: paced

text: conversion

text: of

text: that

text: technical

text: institutions

text: to

text: more

text: advanced

text: higher

text: level

text: institutions

text: Mentz

text: Kotze

text: and

text: Van

text: der

text: Merwe

text: argues

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: tools

text: are

text: in

text: place

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: debate

text: on

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: technology

text: in

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: in

text: Universities

text: of

text: Technology

text: specifically

text: The

text: aspects

text: of

text: this

text: debate

text: can

text: follow

text: the

text: following

text: lines

text: To

text: what

text: degree

text: is

text: technology

text: defined

text: as

text: a

text: concept

text: What

text: is

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: technology

text: discourse

text: What

text: is

text: the

text: place

text: and

text: relation

text: of

text: science

text: with

text: technology

text: How

text: useful

text: is

text: the

text: Mitcham

text: framework

text: in

text: thinking

text: about

text: technology

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: Can

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: cooperation

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: competition

text: be

text: achieved

text: amongst

text: higher

text: education

text: institutions

text: Who

text: ultimately

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: vocational

text: training

text: and

text: what

text: is

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: technology

text: in

text: this

question: What term was used in some countries to describe select universities that focus on technological education in applied science and engineering?

answer: polytechnics

text: polytechnics


text: On January 6, 2016, the league took over "ownership and operational control" of the Portland Thunder from its previous owners. The AFL stated this move was made after months of trying work out an arrangement "to provide financial and operational support." On February 3, 2016, it was announced that the franchise will start from scratch and no longer be called the "Thunder" as the name and trademarks belong to former franchise owner Terry Emmert (similar to the Jerry Jones move with the Desperados). AFL commissioner Scott Butera announced that a new identity will be announced at a later date.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: league

text: took

text: over

text: ownership

text: and

text: operational

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Portland

text: Thunder

text: from

text: its

text: previous

text: owners

text: The

text: AFL

text: stated

text: this

text: move

text: was

text: made

text: after

text: months

text: of

text: trying

text: work

text: out

text: an

text: arrangement

text: to

text: provide

text: financial

text: and

text: operational

text: support

text: On

text: February

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: franchise

text: will

text: start

text: from

text: scratch

text: and

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: Thunder

text: as

text: the

text: name

text: and

text: trademarks

text: belong

text: to

text: former

text: franchise

text: owner

text: Terry

text: Emmert

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Jerry

text: Jones

text: move

text: with

text: the

text: Desperados

text: AFL

text: commissioner

text: Scott

text: Butera

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: new

text: identity

text: will

text: be

text: announced

text: at

text: a

text: later

text: date

question: On what date did the AFL take control of one of its teams?

answer: January 6, 2016

text: January 6, 2016

question: What team did the league take control of?

answer: Portland Thunder

text: Portland Thunder

question: Who owned the trademark to the Portland Thunder?

answer: Terry Emmert

text: Terry Emmert

question: Who owned the Desperados trademarks?

answer: Jerry Jones

text: Jerry Jones

question: Who is commissioner of the Arena Football League?

answer: Scott Butera

text: Scott Butera


text: The word qurʼān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun (maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qaraʼa (قرأ), meaning "he read" or "he recited". The Syriac equivalent is (ܩܪܝܢܐ) qeryānā, which refers to "scripture reading" or "lesson". While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is qaraʼa itself. Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. An important meaning of the word is the "act of reciting", as reflected in an early Quranic passage: "It is for Us to collect it and to recite it (qurʼānahu)."

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: word

text: qurʼān

text: appears

text: about

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: itself

text: assuming

text: various

text: meanings

text: It

text: is

text: a

text: verbal

text: noun

text: maṣdar

text: of

text: the

text: Arabic

text: verb

text: qaraʼa

text: قرأ

text: meaning

text: he

text: read

text: or

text: he

text: recited

text: The

text: Syriac

text: equivalent

text: is

text: ܩܪܝܢܐ

text: qeryānā

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: scripture

text: reading

text: or

text: lesson

text: While

text: some

text: Western

text: scholars

text: consider

text: the

text: word

text: to

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Syriac

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Muslim

text: authorities

text: hold

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: is

text: qaraʼa

text: itself

text: Regardless

text: it

text: had

text: become

text: an

text: Arabic

text: term

text: by

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: lifetime

text: An

text: important

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: reciting

text: as

text: reflected

text: in

text: an

text: early

text: Quranic

text: passage

text: It

text: is

text: for

text: Us

text: to

text: collect

text: it

text: and

text: to

text: recite

text: it

text: qurʼānahu

question: From which Arabic verb might "Quran" be derived?

answer: qaraʼa

text: qaraʼa

question: What Syriac word might be related to "Quran"?

answer: qeryānā

text: qeryānā

question: The words from which the name "Quran" might be described are related to which act?

answer: reciting

text: reciting

question: Which word do most Muslim scholars point to as the origin of the Quran's name?

answer: qaraʼa

text: qaraʼa

question: From which Arabic noun might "Quran" be derived?

text: qaraʼa

question: From which Arabic verb might not "Quran" be derived?

text: qaraʼa

question: What Syriac word might be unrelated to "Quran"?

text: qeryānā

question: The words from which the name "Quran" might be described are unrelated to which act?

text: reciting

question: Which word don't any Muslim scholars point to as the origin of the Quran's name?

text: qaraʼa


text: Since the latewood of a growth ring is usually darker in color than the earlywood, this fact may be used in judging the density, and therefore the hardness and strength of the material. This is particularly the case with coniferous woods. In ring-porous woods the vessels of the early wood not infrequently appear on a finished surface as darker than the denser latewood, though on cross sections of heartwood the reverse is commonly true. Except in the manner just stated the color of wood is no indication of strength.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Since

text: the

text: latewood

text: of

text: a

text: growth

text: ring

text: is

text: usually

text: darker

text: in

text: color

text: than

text: the

text: earlywood

text: this

text: fact

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: judging

text: the

text: density

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: hardness

text: and

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: This

text: is

text: particularly

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: coniferous

text: woods

text: In

text: ring

text: porous

text: woods

text: the

text: vessels

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: wood

text: not

text: infrequently

text: appear

text: on

text: a

text: finished

text: surface

text: as

text: darker

text: than

text: the

text: denser

text: latewood

text: though

text: on

text: cross

text: sections

text: of

text: heartwood

text: the

text: reverse

text: is

text: commonly

text: true

text: Except

text: in

text: the

text: manner

text: just

text: stated

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: wood

text: is

text: no

text: indication

text: of

text: strength

question: Which of the wood in a growth ring is usually darker?

answer: latewood

text: latewood

question: Which property of a tree's wood that gives clues about its strength and hardness can be judged by it's color?

answer: density

text: density

question: What category of trees show this difference greatly?

answer: coniferous

text: coniferous

question: What type of woods might sometimes appear to have darker earlywood on a finished surface?

answer: ring-porous

text: ring-porous

question: With the exception of earlywood/latewood difference in some types of trees, how much of an indication of strength is a wood's color?

answer: no indication

text: no indication


text: Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in the test case. Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and designs to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: Specification

text: based

text: testing

text: aims

text: to

text: test

text: the

text: functionality

text: of

text: software

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: applicable

text: requirements

text: This

text: level

text: of

text: testing

text: usually

text: requires

text: thorough

text: test

text: cases

text: to

text: be

text: provided

text: to

text: the

text: tester

text: who

text: then

text: can

text: simply

text: verify

text: that

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: input

text: the

text: output

text: value

text: or

text: behavior

text: either

text: is

text: or

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: expected

text: value

text: specified

text: in

text: the

text: test

text: case

text: Test

text: cases

text: are

text: built

text: around

text: specifications

text: and

text: requirements

text: i.e.

text: what

text: the

text: application

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: do

text: It

text: uses

text: external

text: descriptions

text: of

text: the

text: software

text: including

text: specifications

text: requirements

text: and

text: designs

text: to

text: derive

text: test

text: cases

text: These

text: tests

text: can

text: be

text: functional

text: or

text: non

text: functional

text: though

text: usually

text: functional

question: What term is used to test functionality of the software accordingly with the application requirements?

answer: Specification-based testing

text: Specification-based testing

question: What are the test cases built around?

answer: specifications and requirements

text: specifications and requirements

question: When building test cases which of the two methods used is more common over the other?

answer: functional

text: functional

question: What does specialization-based testing aim to test?

question: Test cases are built around specializations and what else?

text: requirements

question: Out of the two methods of building test cases, non-functional and unfunctional, which is more common?

text: functional

question: What descriptions of the firmware are used in test cases?


text: On 9 March 2016, The Sun's front page proclaimed that Queen Elizabeth II was backing "Brexit", a common term for a British withdrawal from the European Union. It claimed that in 2011 at Windsor Castle, while having lunch with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, the monarch criticised the union. Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement, and a Buckingham Palace spokesperson confirmed that a complaint had been made to the Independent Press Standards Organisation over a breach of guidelines relating to accuracy.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: March

text: The

text: Sun

text: 's

text: front

text: page

text: proclaimed

text: that

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: was

text: backing

text: Brexit

text: a

text: common

text: term

text: for

text: a

text: British

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: It

text: claimed

text: that

text: in

text: at

text: Windsor

text: Castle

text: while

text: having

text: lunch

text: with

text: Deputy

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Nick

text: Clegg

text: the

text: monarch

text: criticised

text: the

text: union

text: Clegg

text: denied

text: that

text: the

text: Queen

text: made

text: such

text: a

text: statement

text: and

text: a

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: spokesperson

text: confirmed

text: that

text: a

text: complaint

text: had

text: been

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: Independent

text: Press

text: Standards

text: Organisation

text: over

text: a

text: breach

text: of

text: guidelines

text: relating

text: to

text: accuracy

question: What is an often used term for British withdrawal from the European Union?

answer: Brexit

text: Brexit

question: Who did The Sun say was in favor of British withdrawal from the European Union?

answer: Queen Elizabeth II

text: Queen Elizabeth II

question: Where was Queen Elizabeth II said to have made critical remarks about the European Union?

answer: Windsor Castle

text: Windsor Castle

question: Who refuted the statement that the Queen was critical of the European Union?

answer: Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg

text: Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg

question: With whom was a complaint lodged alleging breach of guidelines in accuracy after the incident involving Queen Elizabeth II?

answer: Independent Press Standards Organisation

text: Independent Press Standards Organisation


text: Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and "bar snacks", such as pork scratchings, pickled eggs, salted crisps and peanuts which helped to increase beer sales. In South East England (especially London) it was common until recent times for vendors selling cockles, whelks, mussels, and other shellfish to sell to customers during the evening and at closing time. Many mobile shellfish stalls would set up near pubs, a practice that continues in London's East End. Otherwise, pickled cockles and mussels may be offered by the pub in jars or packets.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Many

text: pubs

text: were

text: drinking

text: establishments

text: and

text: little

text: emphasis

text: was

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: serving

text: of

text: food

text: other

text: than

text: sandwiches

text: and

text: bar

text: snacks

text: such

text: as

text: pork

text: scratchings

text: pickled

text: eggs

text: salted

text: crisps

text: and

text: peanuts

text: which

text: helped

text: to

text: increase

text: beer

text: sales

text: In

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: especially

text: London

text: it

text: was

text: common

text: until

text: recent

text: times

text: for

text: vendors

text: selling

text: cockles

text: whelks

text: mussels

text: and

text: other

text: shellfish

text: to

text: sell

text: to

text: customers

text: during

text: the

text: evening

text: and

text: at

text: closing

text: time

text: Many

text: mobile

text: shellfish

text: stalls

text: would

text: set

text: up

text: near

text: pubs

text: a

text: practice

text: that

text: continues

text: in

text: London

text: 's

text: East

text: End

text: Otherwise

text: pickled

text: cockles

text: and

text: mussels

text: may

text: be

text: offered

text: by

text: the

text: pub

text: in

text: jars

text: or

text: packets

question: Pork scratchings, pickled eggs and salted crisps are examples of what type of food?

answer: bar snacks

text: bar snacks

question: In London, what food vendors could often be found near pubs?

answer: mobile shellfish stalls

text: mobile shellfish stalls

question: In what section of London can mobile shellfish stalls still be found today?

answer: East End

text: East End

question: What seafood can often be purchased in jars at pubs?

answer: pickled cockles and mussels

text: pickled cockles and mussels


text: Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: 's

text: constitution

text: clearly

text: outlines

text: the

text: functions

text: and

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: also

text: details

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: his

text: her

text: appointment

text: and

text: dismissal

question: What document details the role and abilities given to the prime minister of the Czech Republic?

answer: constitution

text: constitution

question: Who's constitution is not clear on how a prime minster should be removed?

text: Czech Republic's


text: The Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise was closely regulated by the government. Although there was no banking in the Mauryan society, usury was customary. A significant amount of written records on slavery are found, suggesting a prevalence thereof. During this period, a high quality steel called Wootz steel was developed in south India and was later exported to China and Arabia.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: The

text: Arthashastra

text: and

text: the

text: Edicts

text: of

text: Ashoka

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: written

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: times

text: Archaeologically

text: this

text: period

text: falls

text: into

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: Northern

text: Black

text: Polished

text: Ware

text: NBPW

text: The

text: Mauryan

text: Empire

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: modern

text: and

text: efficient

text: economy

text: and

text: society

text: However

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: merchandise

text: was

text: closely

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: Although

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: banking

text: in

text: the

text: Mauryan

text: society

text: usury

text: was

text: customary

text: A

text: significant

text: amount

text: of

text: written

text: records

text: on

text: slavery

text: are

text: found

text: suggesting

text: a

text: prevalence

text: thereof

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: a

text: high

text: quality

text: steel

text: called

text: Wootz

text: steel

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: south

text: India

text: and

text: was

text: later

text: exported

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: Arabia

question: What are the basic written records of the Mauryans?

answer: Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka

text: Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka

question: What is the archaeological period of the Mauryan Empire?

answer: Northern Black Polished Ware

text: Northern Black Polished Ware

question: What metal was developed in south India during the time of the Mauryan Empire?

answer: Wootz steel

text: Wootz steel

question: To where was wootz steel exported?

answer: China and Arabia

text: China and Arabia

question: What organization closely monitored business dealings in the Mauryan Empire?

answer: government

text: government


text: The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final; after the first final in 1872 the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later in the Pall Mall Restaurant in London. Under the original rules, the trophy was to be permanently presented to any club which won the competition three times, although when inaugural winners Wanderers achieved this feat by the 1876 final, the rules were changed by FA Secretary CW Alcock (who was also captain of Wanderers in their first victory).

title: FA_Cup

title: FA_Cup

text: The

text: tradition

text: of

text: presenting

text: the

text: trophy

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: game

text: did

text: not

text: start

text: until

text: the

text: final

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: final

text: in

text: the

text: trophy

text: was

text: not

text: presented

text: to

text: the

text: winners

text: Wanderers

text: until

text: a

text: reception

text: held

text: four

text: weeks

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Pall

text: Mall

text: Restaurant

text: in

text: London

text: Under

text: the

text: original

text: rules

text: the

text: trophy

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: permanently

text: presented

text: to

text: any

text: club

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: competition

text: three

text: times

text: although

text: when

text: inaugural

text: winners

text: Wanderers

text: achieved

text: this

text: feat

text: by

text: the

text: final

text: the

text: rules

text: were

text: changed

text: by

text: FA

text: Secretary

text: CW

text: Alcock

text: who

text: was

text: also

text: captain

text: of

text: Wanderers

text: in

text: their

text: first

text: victory

question: When did people start presenting the trophy after the game?

answer: The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final

text: The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final

question: when was the first trophy presented?

answer: the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later

text: the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later

question: Where was the first trophy presented?

answer: the Pall Mall Restaurant in London

text: the Pall Mall Restaurant in London

question: What happens to multiple cup winners?

answer: the trophy was to be permanently presented to any club which won the competition three times,

text: the trophy was to be permanently presented to any club which won the competition three times,

question: Did that ever happen?

answer: inaugural winners Wanderers achieved this feat by the 1876 final

text: inaugural winners Wanderers achieved this feat by the 1876 final

question: When did the tradition of presenting the trophy right after the game stop?

question: Where was the last trophy presented?

text: the Pall Mall Restaurant in London

question: What was supposed to happen to a club that lost the competition three times?

question: Who lost the 1876 final?

text: Wanderers

question: Who was the captain of Wanderers during their first loss?

text: CW Alcock


text: The Dutch East India Company (1800) and British East India Company (1858) were dissolved by their respective governments, who took over the direct administration of the colonies. Only Thailand was spared the experience of foreign rule, although, Thailand itself was also greatly affected by the power politics of the Western powers. Colonial rule had a profound effect on Southeast Asia. While the colonial powers profited much from the region's vast resources and large market, colonial rule did develop the region to a varying extent.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: and

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: were

text: dissolved

text: by

text: their

text: respective

text: governments

text: who

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: direct

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: colonies

text: Only

text: Thailand

text: was

text: spared

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: foreign

text: rule

text: although

text: Thailand

text: itself

text: was

text: also

text: greatly

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: power

text: politics

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: powers

text: Colonial

text: rule

text: had

text: a

text: profound

text: effect

text: on

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: While

text: the

text: colonial

text: powers

text: profited

text: much

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: vast

text: resources

text: and

text: large

text: market

text: colonial

text: rule

text: did

text: develop

text: the

text: region

text: to

text: a

text: varying

text: extent

question: What dispatched of The Dutch East India Company and the British East India Company?

answer: their respective governments

text: their respective governments

question: What country did not have to succumb to forign rule?

answer: Thailand

text: Thailand

question: Who also profited from Southeast Asia resources?

answer: colonial powers

text: colonial powers


text: Droney's health was poor and Kerry had decided to run for his position in the 1978 election should Droney drop out. However, Droney was re-elected and his health improved; he went on to re-assume many of the duties that he had delegated to Kerry. Kerry thus decided to leave, departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne Sragow to set up their own law firm. Kerry also worked as a commentator for WCVB-TV and co-founded a bakery, Kilvert & Forbes Ltd., with businessman and former Kennedy aide K. Dun Gifford.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: Droney

text: 's

text: health

text: was

text: poor

text: and

text: Kerry

text: had

text: decided

text: to

text: run

text: for

text: his

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: should

text: Droney

text: drop

text: out

text: However

text: Droney

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: and

text: his

text: health

text: improved

text: he

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: re

text: assume

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: duties

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: delegated

text: to

text: Kerry

text: Kerry

text: thus

text: decided

text: to

text: leave

text: departing

text: in

text: with

text: assistant

text: DA

text: Roanne

text: Sragow

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: their

text: own

text: law

text: firm

text: Kerry

text: also

text: worked

text: as

text: a

text: commentator

text: for

text: WCVB

text: TV

text: and

text: co

text: founded

text: a

text: bakery

text: Kilvert

text: Forbes

text: Ltd.

text: with

text: businessman

text: and

text: former

text: Kennedy

text: aide

text: K.

text: Dun

text: Gifford

question: When did Kerry consider running for president if Droney didn't?

answer: 1978

question: When did Kerry leave the DA's office?

answer: 1979

question: Who left the DA's office with Kerry?

answer: Roanne Sragow

text: Roanne Sragow

question: What bakery did Kerry co-found?

answer: Kilvert & Forbes Ltd.

text: Kilvert & Forbes Ltd.

question: Who did Kerry start a bakery with?

answer: K. Dun Gifford

text: K. Dun Gifford


text: Molotov declared in his report entitled "On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union" (31 October 1939) held on the fifth (extraordinary) session of the Supreme Soviet, that the Western "ruling circles" disguise their intentions with the pretext of defending democracy against Hitlerism, declaring "their aim in war with Germany is nothing more, nothing less than extermination of Hitlerism. [...] There is absolutely no justification for this kind of war. The ideology of Hitlerism, just like any other ideological system, can be accepted or rejected, this is a matter of political views. But everyone grasps, that an ideology can not be exterminated by force, must not be finished off with a war."

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Molotov

text: declared

text: in

text: his

text: report

text: entitled

text: On

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Policy

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: October

text: held

text: on

text: the

text: fifth

text: extraordinary

text: session

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: that

text: the

text: Western

text: ruling

text: circles

text: disguise

text: their

text: intentions

text: with

text: the

text: pretext

text: of

text: defending

text: democracy

text: against

text: Hitlerism

text: declaring

text: their

text: aim

text: in

text: war

text: with

text: Germany

text: is

text: nothing

text: more

text: nothing

text: less

text: than

text: extermination

text: of

text: Hitlerism

text: There

text: is

text: absolutely

text: no

text: justification

text: for

text: this

text: kind

text: of

text: war

text: The

text: ideology

text: of

text: Hitlerism

text: just

text: like

text: any

text: other

text: ideological

text: system

text: can

text: be

text: accepted

text: or

text: rejected

text: this

text: is

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: political

text: views

text: But

text: everyone

text: grasps

text: that

text: an

text: ideology

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: exterminated

text: by

text: force

text: must

text: not

text: be

text: finished

text: off

text: with

text: a

text: war

question: What was the title of Molotov’s report called?

answer: On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union

text: On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union

question: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the west?

answer: extermination of Hitlerism

text: extermination of Hitlerism

question: Under what guise does the west perform their international policing?

answer: defending democracy

text: defending democracy

question: What wasn't the title of Molotov’s report called?

question: What was the title of Stalin’s report called?

question: According to Molotov, what wasn't the goal of the west?

text: extermination of Hitlerism

question: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the east?

text: extermination of Hitlerism

question: Under what guise does the east perform their international policing?

text: defending democracy


text: The American people are mostly multi-ethnic descendants of various culturally distinct immigrant groups, many of which have now developed nations. Some consider themselves multiracial, while acknowledging race as a social construct. Creolization, assimilation and integration have been continuing processes. The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) and other social movements since the mid-twentieth century worked to achieve social justice and equal enforcement of civil rights under the constitution for all ethnicities. In the 2000s, less than 5% of the population identified as multiracial. In many instances, mixed racial ancestry is so far back in an individual's family history (for instance, before the Civil War or earlier), that it does not affect more recent ethnic and cultural identification.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: The

text: American

text: people

text: are

text: mostly

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: descendants

text: of

text: various

text: culturally

text: distinct

text: immigrant

text: groups

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: now

text: developed

text: nations

text: Some

text: consider

text: themselves

text: multiracial

text: while

text: acknowledging

text: race

text: as

text: a

text: social

text: construct

text: Creolization

text: assimilation

text: and

text: integration

text: have

text: been

text: continuing

text: processes

text: The

text: African

text: American

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Movement

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: movements

text: since

text: the

text: mid

text: twentieth

text: century

text: worked

text: to

text: achieve

text: social

text: justice

text: and

text: equal

text: enforcement

text: of

text: civil

text: rights

text: under

text: the

text: constitution

text: for

text: all

text: ethnicities

text: In

text: the

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: identified

text: as

text: multiracial

text: In

text: many

text: instances

text: mixed

text: racial

text: ancestry

text: is

text: so

text: far

text: back

text: in

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: family

text: history

text: for

text: instance

text: before

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: or

text: earlier

text: that

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: affect

text: more

text: recent

text: ethnic

text: and

text: cultural

text: identification

question: What occured from 1955 to 1968?

answer: The African-American Civil Rights Movement

text: The African-American Civil Rights Movement

question: How much of the population identified as mixed race in the 2000s?

answer: less than 5%

text: less than 5%

question: What is race sometimes seen as?

answer: a social construct

text: a social construct

question: Who are descendents of various culturally distinct groups?

answer: The American people

text: The American people

question: What does affect recent identification in many cases?

answer: mixed racial ancestry

text: mixed racial ancestry

question: What are the English people mostly descendants of?

text: culturally distinct immigrant groups

question: When did the Hispanic Civil Rights Movement occur?

question: How much of the population identified as multiracial before the 2000s?

text: less than 5%

question: What is race not acknowledged as?

text: a social construct

question: What did social movements from before the mid-twentieth century work to achieve?

text: social justice


text: American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: American

text: Idol

text: is

text: broadcast

text: to

text: over

text: nations

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: most

text: nations

text: these

text: are

text: not

text: live

text: broadcasts

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: tape

text: delayed

text: by

text: several

text: days

text: or

text: weeks

text: In

text: Canada

text: the

text: first

text: thirteen

text: seasons

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: were

text: aired

text: live

text: by

text: CTV

text: and/or

text: CTV

text: Two

text: in

text: simulcast

text: with

text: Fox

text: CTV

text: dropped

text: Idol

text: after

text: its

text: thirteenth

text: season

text: and

text: in

text: August

text: Yes

text: TV

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: picked

text: up

text: Canadian

text: rights

text: to

text: American

text: Idol

text: beginning

text: in

text: its

text: season

question: How many different countries air American Idol on television?

answer: over 100

text: over 100

question: What network broadcasted American Idol live in Canada for thirteen seasons?

answer: CTV

text: CTV

question: In what year did CTV stop showing live broadcasts of American Idol?

answer: 2014

question: What Canadian network began airing American Idol in 2015?

answer: Yes TV

text: Yes TV

question: How many nations receive the Idol broadcast?

answer: over 100

text: over 100

question: Who aired the first thirteen seasons in Canada?

answer: CTV and/or CTV Two

text: CTV and/or CTV Two

question: Who stated in August 2014 that they picked up the rights beginning in its 2015 season?

answer: Yes TV

text: Yes TV


text: The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: The

text: current

text: Mac

text: product

text: family

text: uses

text: Intel

text: processors

text: Apple

text: introduced

text: an

text: emulator

text: during

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: PowerPC

text: chips

text: called

text: Rosetta

text: much

text: as

text: it

text: did

text: during

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: Motorola

text: architecture

text: a

text: decade

text: earlier

text: The

text: Macintosh

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: mainstream

text: computer

text: platform

text: to

text: have

text: successfully

text: transitioned

text: to

text: a

text: new

text: CPU

text: architecture

text: and

text: has

text: done

text: so

text: twice

text: All

text: current

text: Mac

text: models

text: ship

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: GB

text: of

text: RAM

text: as

text: standard

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: GHz

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: without

text: Retina

text: Display

text: and

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: Current

text: Mac

text: computers

text: use

text: ATI

text: Radeon

text: or

text: nVidia

text: GeForce

text: graphics

text: cards

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Intel

text: graphics

text: built

text: into

text: the

text: main

text: CPU

text: All

text: current

text: Macs

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: without

text: Retina

text: Display

text: do

text: not

text: ship

text: with

text: an

text: optical

text: media

text: drive

text: that

text: includes

text: a

text: dual

text: function

text: DVD

text: CD

text: burner

text: Apple

text: refers

text: to

text: this

text: as

text: a

text: SuperDrive

text: Current

text: Macs

text: include

text: two

text: standard

text: data

text: transfer

text: ports

text: USB

text: and

text: Thunderbolt

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: MacBook

text: version

text: which

text: only

text: has

text: a

text: USB

text: C

text: port

text: and

text: headphone

text: port

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: iMac

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: and

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: computers

text: now

text: also

text: feature

text: the

text: Thunderbolt

text: port

text: which

text: Apple

text: says

text: can

text: transfer

text: data

text: at

text: speeds

text: up

text: to

text: gigabits

text: per

text: second

text: USB

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: the

text: iMac

text: and

text: is

text: ubiquitous

text: today

text: while

text: FireWire

text: is

text: mainly

text: reserved

text: for

text: high

text: performance

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: hard

text: drives

text: or

text: video

text: cameras

text: Starting

text: with

text: the

text: then

text: new

text: iMac

text: released

text: in

text: October

text: Apple

text: started

text: to

text: include

text: built

text: in

text: iSight

text: cameras

text: on

text: appropriate

text: models

text: and

text: a

text: media

text: center

text: interface

text: called

text: Front

text: Row

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: operated

text: by

text: an

text: Apple

text: Remote

text: or

text: keyboard

text: for

text: accessing

text: media

text: stored

text: on

text: the

text: computer

text: Front

text: Row

text: has

text: been

text: discontinued

text: as

text: of

text: however

text: and

text: the

text: Apple

text: Remote

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: bundled

text: with

text: new

text: Macs

question: What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture?

answer: Macintosh

text: Macintosh

question: What is the standard amount of RAM included with almost all current Mac models?

answer: 8 GB

text: 8 GB

question: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second?

answer: Thunderbolt

text: Thunderbolt

question: When was the iMac G5 released?

answer: October 2005

text: October 2005

question: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?

answer: Front Row

text: Front Row

question: What is the standard amount of RAM shipped with most Mac models?

answer: 8 GB

text: 8 GB

question: What processors are used by the current Mac product family?

answer: Intel x86-64

text: Intel x86-64

question: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?

answer: two

text: two

question: According to Apple, how fast can the Thunderbolt port transfer data?

answer: up to 10 gigabits per second.

text: up to 10 gigabits per second.

question: What is the only mainstream computer platform to unsuccessfully transition to a new CPU architecture?

text: Macintosh

question: What is the standard amount of ROM included with almost all current Mac models?

text: 8 GB

question: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 20 gigabits per second?

text: Thunderbolt

question: When was the iMac G6 released?

text: October 2005

question: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Microsoft Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?

text: Front Row


text: On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States announced that its consul to Kiev would be Ukrainian-American John Stepanchuk. On November 19, the chairmen of the Ukrainian and Russian parliaments, respectively, Kravchuk and Yeltsin, signed a 10-year bilateral pact. In early December 1990 the Party of Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine was founded; on December 15, the Democratic Party of Ukraine was founded.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Autocephalous

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: enthroned

text: Mstyslav

text: as

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Kiev

text: and

text: all

text: Ukraine

text: during

text: ceremonies

text: at

text: Saint

text: Sophia

text: 's

text: Cathedral

text: Also

text: on

text: November

text: Canada

text: announced

text: that

text: its

text: consul

text: general

text: to

text: Kiev

text: would

text: be

text: Ukrainian

text: Canadian

text: Nestor

text: Gayowsky

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: announced

text: that

text: its

text: consul

text: to

text: Kiev

text: would

text: be

text: Ukrainian

text: American

text: John

text: Stepanchuk

text: On

text: November

text: the

text: chairmen

text: of

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: and

text: Russian

text: parliaments

text: respectively

text: Kravchuk

text: and

text: Yeltsin

text: signed

text: a

text: bilateral

text: pact

text: In

text: early

text: December

text: the

text: Party

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Rebirth

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: December

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: was

text: founded

question: Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November?

answer: Mstyslav

text: Mstyslav

question: Who gave Mstyslav this title?

answer: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church

text: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church

question: Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev?

answer: Nestor Gayowsky

text: Nestor Gayowsky

question: What country made John Stepanchuk its consul-general to Kiev?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: How long lasting was the pact between Kravchuk and Yeltsin?

answer: 10-year


text: Many of London's pubs are known to have been used by famous people, but in some cases, such as the association between Samuel Johnson and Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese, this is speculative, based on little more than the fact that the person is known to have lived nearby. However, Charles Dickens is known to have visited the Cheshire Cheese, the Prospect of Whitby, Ye Olde Cock Tavern and many others. Samuel Pepys is also associated with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cock Tavern.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Many

text: of

text: London

text: 's

text: pubs

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: famous

text: people

text: but

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: association

text: between

text: Samuel

text: Johnson

text: and

text: Ye

text: Olde

text: Cheshire

text: Cheese

text: this

text: is

text: speculative

text: based

text: on

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: person

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: nearby

text: However

text: Charles

text: Dickens

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: visited

text: the

text: Cheshire

text: Cheese

text: the

text: Prospect

text: of

text: Whitby

text: Ye

text: Olde

text: Cock

text: Tavern

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: Samuel

text: Pepys

text: is

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Prospect

text: of

text: Whitby

text: and

text: the

text: Cock

text: Tavern

question: What pub was associated with Samuel Johnson, perhaps erroneously?

answer: Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese

text: Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese

question: Along with the Prospect of Whitby, what pub was Samuel Pepys associated with?

answer: the Cock Tavern

text: the Cock Tavern

question: What writer was known to visit both the Cheshire Cheese and the Prospect of Whitby?

answer: Charles Dickens

text: Charles Dickens

question: Along with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cheshire Cheese, what pub did Dickens visit?

answer: Ye Olde Cock Tavern

text: Ye Olde Cock Tavern


text: By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa. In 1835, black leaders called upon Black Americans to remove the title of "African" from their institutions and replace it with "Negro" or "Colored American". A few institutions chose to keep their historic names, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church. African Americans popularly used the terms "Negro" or "colored" for themselves until the late 1960s.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: By

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: black

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: were

text: native

text: born

text: so

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: African

text: became

text: problematic

text: Though

text: initially

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: pride

text: many

text: blacks

text: feared

text: that

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: African

text: as

text: an

text: identity

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: hindrance

text: to

text: their

text: fight

text: for

text: full

text: citizenship

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: They

text: also

text: felt

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: give

text: ammunition

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: advocating

text: repatriating

text: black

text: people

text: back

text: to

text: Africa

text: In

text: black

text: leaders

text: called

text: upon

text: Black

text: Americans

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: African

text: from

text: their

text: institutions

text: and

text: replace

text: it

text: with

text: Negro

text: or

text: Colored

text: American

text: A

text: few

text: institutions

text: chose

text: to

text: keep

text: their

text: historic

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: Methodist

text: Episcopal

text: Church

text: African

text: Americans

text: popularly

text: used

text: the

text: terms

text: Negro

text: or

text: colored

text: for

text: themselves

text: until

text: the

text: late

question: Why did the use of "African" become an issue?

answer: the majority of black people in the United States were native-born

text: the majority of black people in the United States were native-born

question: Why did blacks fear to identify as African?

answer: would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US.

text: would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US.

question: What year did Black leaders call for this change in language?

answer: 1835,

question: What group decided to keep the "African" in their name?

answer: the African Methodist Episcopal Church

text: the African Methodist Episcopal Church

question: What terms did African Americans use instead?

answer: "Negro" or "colored"

text: "Negro" or "colored"


text: The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian comics began to dominate. The Adventures of Tintin, with its signature clear line style, was first serialized in newspaper comics supplements beginning in 1929, and became an icon of Franco-Belgian comics.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: The

text: francophone

text: Swiss

text: Rodolphe

text: Töpffer

text: produced

text: comic

text: strips

text: beginning

text: in

text: and

text: published

text: theories

text: behind

text: the

text: form

text: Cartoons

text: appeared

text: widely

text: in

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: success

text: of

text: Zig

text: et

text: Puce

text: in

text: popularized

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: speech

text: balloons

text: in

text: European

text: comics

text: after

text: which

text: Franco

text: Belgian

text: comics

text: began

text: to

text: dominate

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: with

text: its

text: signature

text: clear

text: line

text: style

text: was

text: first

text: serialized

text: in

text: newspaper

text: comics

text: supplements

text: beginning

text: in

text: and

text: became

text: an

text: icon

text: of

text: Franco

text: Belgian

text: comics

question: Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1827?

answer: Rodolphe Töpffer

text: Rodolphe Töpffer

question: What century had comics in wide production?

answer: 19th

question: What 1925 cartoon made speech bubbles popular?

answer: Zig et Puce

text: Zig et Puce

question: What comics began to dominate in Europe?

answer: Franco-Belgian

text: Franco-Belgian

question: When was "The Adventures of Tintin" serialized?

answer: 1929

question: Who started producing comic strips and theories about them in 1872?

text: Rodolphe Töpffer

question: What century had comics in local production?

question: What 1925 cartoon made speech bubbles unpopular?

text: Zig et Puce

question: When was "The Adventures of Tintin" unserialized?


text: In the latter half of his career Hayek made a number of contributions to social and political philosophy, which he based on his views on the limits of human knowledge, and the idea of spontaneous order in social institutions. He argues in favour of a society organised around a market order, in which the apparatus of state is employed almost (though not entirely) exclusively to enforce the legal order (consisting of abstract rules, and not particular commands) necessary for a market of free individuals to function. These ideas were informed by a moral philosophy derived from epistemological concerns regarding the inherent limits of human knowledge. Hayek argued that his ideal individualistic, free-market polity would be self-regulating to such a degree that it would be 'a society which does not depend for its functioning on our finding good men for running it'.

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: In

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: Hayek

text: made

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: contributions

text: to

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: philosophy

text: which

text: he

text: based

text: on

text: his

text: views

text: on

text: the

text: limits

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: and

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: spontaneous

text: order

text: in

text: social

text: institutions

text: He

text: argues

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: a

text: society

text: organised

text: around

text: a

text: market

text: order

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: apparatus

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: employed

text: almost

text: though

text: not

text: entirely

text: exclusively

text: to

text: enforce

text: the

text: legal

text: order

text: consisting

text: of

text: abstract

text: rules

text: and

text: not

text: particular

text: commands

text: necessary

text: for

text: a

text: market

text: of

text: free

text: individuals

text: to

text: function

text: These

text: ideas

text: were

text: informed

text: by

text: a

text: moral

text: philosophy

text: derived

text: from

text: epistemological

text: concerns

text: regarding

text: the

text: inherent

text: limits

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: Hayek

text: argued

text: that

text: his

text: ideal

text: individualistic

text: free

text: market

text: polity

text: would

text: be

text: self

text: regulating

text: to

text: such

text: a

text: degree

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: society

text: which

text: does

text: not

text: depend

text: for

text: its

text: functioning

text: on

text: our

text: finding

text: good

text: men

text: for

text: running

text: it

question: When did Hayek begin presenting his ideas on the limits of human knowledge?

answer: the latter half of his career

text: the latter half of his career

question: What did Hayek want society to function around?

answer: a market order

text: a market order

question: What is the responsibility of government in Hayek's market order?

answer: to enforce the legal order

text: to enforce the legal order

question: What would be the cause of the success for the Hayek's ideal free-market?

answer: would be self-regulating

text: would be self-regulating

question: What would Hayek's free-market not require in order to function properly?

answer: good men

text: good men