text: Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo X’s renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: a

text: German

text: monk

text: started

text: the

text: German

text: Reformation

text: by

text: posting

text: theses

text: on

text: the

text: castle

text: church

text: of

text: Wittenberg

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: immediate

text: provocation

text: spurring

text: this

text: act

text: was

text: Pope

text: Leo

text: X

text: ’s

text: renewal

text: of

text: the

text: indulgence

text: for

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: St.

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Basilica

text: in

text: Luther

text: was

text: challenged

text: to

text: recant

text: his

text: heresy

text: at

text: the

text: Diet

text: of

text: Worms

text: in

text: When

text: he

text: refused

text: he

text: was

text: placed

text: under

text: the

text: ban

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: by

text: Charles

text: V.

text: Receiving

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: Frederick

text: the

text: Wise

text: he

text: was

text: then

text: able

text: to

text: translate

text: the

text: Bible

text: into

text: German

question: Into what language did Martin Luther translate the Bible?

answer: German

text: German

question: What did Martin Luther post on the castle church of Wittenberg?

answer: 95 theses

text: 95 theses

question: In what year did Martin Luther post his 95 theses?

answer: 1517

question: What was Martin Luther's response when challenged to recant his heresy?

answer: he refused

text: he refused

question: Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he was under the ban of the Empire?

answer: Frederick the Wise

text: Frederick the Wise

question: Into what language didn't Martin Luther translate the Bible?

text: German

question: What didn't Martin Luther post on the castle church of Wittenberg?

text: 95 theses

question: In what year did Martin Luther post his 59 theses?

question: What wasn't Martin Luther's response when challenged to recant his heresy?

text: he refused

question: Who acted as protector to Martin Luther when he wasn't under the ban of the Empire?

text: Frederick the Wise


text: In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations. R. Kapuscinski says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras. The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: In

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: football

text: evokes

text: great

text: passions

text: and

text: plays

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: individual

text: fans

text: local

text: communities

text: and

text: even

text: nations

text: R.

text: Kapuscinski

text: says

text: that

text: Europeans

text: who

text: are

text: polite

text: modest

text: or

text: humble

text: fall

text: easily

text: into

text: rage

text: when

text: playing

text: or

text: watching

text: football

text: games

text: The

text: Côte

text: d'Ivoire

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: helped

text: secure

text: a

text: truce

text: to

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: civil

text: war

text: in

text: and

text: it

text: helped

text: further

text: reduce

text: tensions

text: between

text: government

text: and

text: rebel

text: forces

text: in

text: by

text: playing

text: a

text: match

text: in

text: the

text: rebel

text: capital

text: of

text: Bouaké

text: an

text: occasion

text: that

text: brought

text: both

text: armies

text: together

text: peacefully

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: By

text: contrast

text: football

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: final

text: proximate

text: cause

text: for

text: the

text: Football

text: War

text: in

text: June

text: between

text: El

text: Salvador

text: and

text: Honduras

text: The

text: sport

text: also

text: exacerbated

text: tensions

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Yugoslav

text: Wars

text: of

text: the

text: when

text: a

text: match

text: between

text: Dinamo

text: Zagreb

text: and

text: Red

text: Star

text: Belgrade

text: degenerated

text: into

text: rioting

text: in

text: May

question: In 2006, which team helps secure a truce during a civil war?

answer: Côte d'Ivoire

text: Côte d'Ivoire

question: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?

answer: Bouaké

text: Bouaké

question: When did the Football War happen?

answer: June 1969

text: June 1969

question: Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's?

answer: Yugoslav Wars

text: Yugoslav Wars

question: Which team helped remove a truce during a civil war in 2006?

text: Côte d'Ivoire

question: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2005?

text: Bouaké

question: Which wars were more tense in the 1980's due to football?

text: Yugoslav Wars

question: What match degenerated into rioting in July 1990?

text: Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade


text: During the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period). By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf. katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life. They still had the legal right to cut down any commoner who did not show proper respect kiri-sute gomen (斬り捨て御免?), but to what extent this right was used is unknown. When the central government forced daimyos to cut the size of their armies, unemployed rōnin became a social problem.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: During

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: shogunate

text: samurai

text: increasingly

text: became

text: courtiers

text: bureaucrats

text: and

text: administrators

text: rather

text: than

text: warriors

text: With

text: no

text: warfare

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: samurai

text: gradually

text: lost

text: their

text: military

text: function

text: during

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: era

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Edo

text: period

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: era

text: samurai

text: were

text: aristocratic

text: bureaucrats

text: for

text: the

text: daimyo

text: with

text: their

text: daisho

text: the

text: paired

text: long

text: and

text: short

text: swords

text: of

text: the

text: samurai

text: cf

text: katana

text: and

text: wakizashi

text: becoming

text: more

text: of

text: a

text: symbolic

text: emblem

text: of

text: power

text: rather

text: than

text: a

text: weapon

text: used

text: in

text: daily

text: life

text: They

text: still

text: had

text: the

text: legal

text: right

text: to

text: cut

text: down

text: any

text: commoner

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: show

text: proper

text: respect

text: kiri

text: sute

text: gomen

text: 斬り捨て御免

text: but

text: to

text: what

text: extent

text: this

text: right

text: was

text: used

text: is

text: unknown

text: When

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: forced

text: daimyos

text: to

text: cut

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: their

text: armies

text: unemployed

text: rōnin

text: became

text: a

text: social

text: problem

question: When were samurai becoming less warrior-like?

answer: During the Tokugawa shogunate

text: During the Tokugawa shogunate

question: When had samurai last been used in battle?

answer: the early 17th century

text: the early 17th century

question: What was another name for the Tokugawa era?

answer: the Edo period

text: the Edo period

question: What was the samurai's long sword called?

answer: katana

text: katana

question: What was the samurai's short sword called?

answer: wakizashi

text: wakizashi


text: On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town. A militia of Yale students had been prepping for battle, and former Yale president and Yale Divinity School professor Naphtali Daggett rode out to confront the Redcoats. Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun. New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: On

text: July

text: loyalists

text: and

text: British

text: regulars

text: under

text: General

text: William

text: Tryon

text: governor

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: landed

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: Harbor

text: and

text: raided

text: the

text: town

text: A

text: militia

text: of

text: Yale

text: students

text: had

text: been

text: prepping

text: for

text: battle

text: and

text: former

text: Yale

text: president

text: and

text: Yale

text: Divinity

text: School

text: professor

text: Naphtali

text: Daggett

text: rode

text: out

text: to

text: confront

text: the

text: Redcoats

text: Yale

text: president

text: Ezra

text: Stiles

text: recounted

text: in

text: his

text: diary

text: that

text: while

text: he

text: moved

text: furniture

text: in

text: anticipation

text: of

text: battle

text: he

text: still

text: could

text: n't

text: quite

text: believe

text: the

text: revolution

text: had

text: begun

text: New

text: Haven

text: was

text: not

text: torched

text: as

text: the

text: invaders

text: did

text: with

text: Danbury

text: in

text: or

text: Fairfield

text: and

text: Norwalk

text: a

text: week

text: after

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: raid

text: so

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: colonial

text: features

text: were

text: preserved

question: Who was the governor of New York under which the loyalist and British raid of New Haven took place?

answer: General William Tryon

text: General William Tryon

question: The students of what New Haven university formed an ad-hoc militia to confront the Redcoats?

answer: Yale

text: Yale

question: Who was the professor of Yale Divinity School that led the student militia to confront the Redcoats?

answer: Naphtali Daggett

text: Naphtali Daggett

question: On what date did the loyalists and Redcoats land in New Haven Harbor to commence a raid on New Haven?

answer: July 5, 1779

text: July 5, 1779

question: Who was the president of Yale that provided diary accounts expressing disbelief over the commencement of the revolution in New Haven?

answer: Ezra Stiles

text: Ezra Stiles

question: What is the name of the general that lead British regulars to New Haven Harbor?

answer: William Tryon

text: William Tryon

question: At the time what was the population of New Haven Harbor?

answer: 3,500

question: A group of militia from a very famous modern town in Connecticut came to fought in the Harbor, what was the name of their town?

answer: Yale

text: Yale

question: The militia that fought in New Haven was lead by who?

answer: Naphtali Daggett

text: Naphtali Daggett

question: After the battle were New Haven historical features lost or torched?

answer: town's colonial features were preserved.

text: town's colonial features were preserved.


text: In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night. In season one, there were three groups of ten, with the top three contestants from each group making the finals. In seasons two and three, there were four groups of eight, and the top two of each selected. These seasons also featured a wildcard round, where contestants who failed to qualify were given another chance. In season one, only one wildcard contestant was chosen by the judges, giving a total of ten finalists. In seasons two and three, each of the three judges championed one contestant with the public advancing a fourth into the finals, making 12 finalists in all.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: seasons

text: the

text: semi

text: finalists

text: were

text: split

text: into

text: different

text: groups

text: to

text: perform

text: individually

text: in

text: their

text: respective

text: night

text: In

text: season

text: one

text: there

text: were

text: three

text: groups

text: of

text: ten

text: with

text: the

text: top

text: three

text: contestants

text: from

text: each

text: group

text: making

text: the

text: finals

text: In

text: seasons

text: two

text: and

text: three

text: there

text: were

text: four

text: groups

text: of

text: eight

text: and

text: the

text: top

text: two

text: of

text: each

text: selected

text: These

text: seasons

text: also

text: featured

text: a

text: wildcard

text: round

text: where

text: contestants

text: who

text: failed

text: to

text: qualify

text: were

text: given

text: another

text: chance

text: In

text: season

text: one

text: only

text: one

text: wildcard

text: contestant

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: judges

text: giving

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: ten

text: finalists

text: In

text: seasons

text: two

text: and

text: three

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: judges

text: championed

text: one

text: contestant

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: advancing

text: a

text: fourth

text: into

text: the

text: finals

text: making

text: finalists

text: in

text: all

question: How many finalists were there on the first season of American Idol?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: What is the name of the round that gives failed contestants another chance?

answer: wildcard

text: wildcard

question: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in season one?

answer: three groups of ten

text: three groups of ten

question: How were the semi-finalists split up to perform in seasons two and three?

answer: four groups of eight

text: four groups of eight

question: When did the wildcard round become a factor?

answer: season one

text: season one

question: How many finalists were chosen for season one?

answer: ten

text: ten

question: How many finalists made it to the finals for seasons two and three?

answer: 12


text: The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic ecosystem, led officials to enact regulations on fishing. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), a treaty that came into force in 1980, requires that regulations managing all Southern Ocean fisheries consider potential effects on the entire Antarctic ecosystem. Despite these new acts, unregulated and illegal fishing, particularly of Patagonian toothfish (marketed as Chilean Sea Bass in the U.S.), remains a serious problem. The illegal fishing of toothfish has been increasing, with estimates of 32,000 tonnes (35,300 short tons) in 2000.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: The

text: passing

text: of

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Conservation

text: Act

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: brought

text: several

text: restrictions

text: to

text: U.S.

text: activity

text: on

text: Antarctica

text: The

text: introduction

text: of

text: alien

text: plants

text: or

text: animals

text: can

text: bring

text: a

text: criminal

text: penalty

text: as

text: can

text: the

text: extraction

text: of

text: any

text: indigenous

text: species

text: The

text: overfishing

text: of

text: krill

text: which

text: plays

text: a

text: large

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: ecosystem

text: led

text: officials

text: to

text: enact

text: regulations

text: on

text: fishing

text: The

text: Convention

text: for

text: the

text: Conservation

text: of

text: Antarctic

text: Marine

text: Living

text: Resources

text: CCAMLR

text: a

text: treaty

text: that

text: came

text: into

text: force

text: in

text: requires

text: that

text: regulations

text: managing

text: all

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: fisheries

text: consider

text: potential

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: entire

text: Antarctic

text: ecosystem

text: Despite

text: these

text: new

text: acts

text: unregulated

text: and

text: illegal

text: fishing

text: particularly

text: of

text: Patagonian

text: toothfish

text: marketed

text: as

text: Chilean

text: Sea

text: Bass

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: remains

text: a

text: serious

text: problem

text: The

text: illegal

text: fishing

text: of

text: toothfish

text: has

text: been

text: increasing

text: with

text: estimates

text: of

text: tonnes

text: short

text: tons

text: in

question: When was the Antarctic Conservation Act passed by the U.S.?

answer: 1978

question: What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring?

answer: criminal

text: criminal

question: Over fishing of which species of fish helped promote regulations on fishing?

answer: krill

text: krill

question: How many tonnes of Patagonian toothfish were illegally fished in 2000?

answer: 32,000

question: When did the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources  come into force?

answer: 1980

question: What passed in 1987?

text: Antarctic Conservation Act

question: Where was the 1987 Antarctic Conservation Act passed?

text: in the U.S

question: What does CMACLR stand for?

question: What year did the CMACLR come into force?

question: What year saw illegal fishing of toothfish measure 32,000 short tons?


text: Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Indoor

text: lighting

text: is

text: usually

text: accomplished

text: using

text: light

text: fixtures

text: and

text: is

text: a

text: key

text: part

text: of

text: interior

text: design

text: Lighting

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: an

text: intrinsic

text: component

text: of

text: landscape

text: projects

question: What type of fixtures do you use for indoor lighting?

answer: light fixtures

text: light fixtures

question: What is considered a key part of interior design?

answer: Indoor lighting

text: Indoor lighting

question: What can be a intrinsic component of landscaping?

answer: lighting

text: lighting

question: What type of fixtures are used typically used for indoor lighting?

answer: light fixtures

text: light fixtures

question: What can be used as a intrinsic component of landscape projects?

answer: lighting

text: lighting


text: English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God. This was an essential moral imitation of the Savior as an ideal for religious change, and as the means for reformation of humanity's nature as an image of divinity. This type of mysticism carried with it four elements. First, spiritually it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life. Second, there was a connection linking moral emulation of Christ's life and humanity's disposition as images of the divine. Third, English Dominican mysticism focused on an embodied spirituality with a structured love of fellow men at its center. Finally, the supreme aspiration of this mysticism was either an ethical or an actual union with God.

title: Dominican_Order

title: Dominican_Order

text: English

text: Dominican

text: mysticism

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: medieval

text: period

text: differed

text: from

text: European

text: strands

text: of

text: it

text: in

text: that

text: whereas

text: European

text: Dominican

text: mysticism

text: tended

text: to

text: concentrate

text: on

text: ecstatic

text: experiences

text: of

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: divine

text: English

text: Dominican

text: mysticism

text: 's

text: ultimate

text: focus

text: was

text: on

text: a

text: crucial

text: dynamic

text: in

text: one

text: 's

text: personal

text: relationship

text: with

text: God

text: This

text: was

text: an

text: essential

text: moral

text: imitation

text: of

text: the

text: Savior

text: as

text: an

text: ideal

text: for

text: religious

text: change

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: means

text: for

text: reformation

text: of

text: humanity

text: 's

text: nature

text: as

text: an

text: image

text: of

text: divinity

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: mysticism

text: carried

text: with

text: it

text: four

text: elements

text: First

text: spiritually

text: it

text: emulated

text: the

text: moral

text: essence

text: of

text: Christ

text: 's

text: life

text: Second

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: connection

text: linking

text: moral

text: emulation

text: of

text: Christ

text: 's

text: life

text: and

text: humanity

text: 's

text: disposition

text: as

text: images

text: of

text: the

text: divine

text: Third

text: English

text: Dominican

text: mysticism

text: focused

text: on

text: an

text: embodied

text: spirituality

text: with

text: a

text: structured

text: love

text: of

text: fellow

text: men

text: at

text: its

text: center

text: Finally

text: the

text: supreme

text: aspiration

text: of

text: this

text: mysticism

text: was

text: either

text: an

text: ethical

text: or

text: an

text: actual

text: union

text: with

text: God

question: What did European mysticism concentrate on that English mysticism didn't?

answer: ecstatic experiences of union with the divine

text: ecstatic experiences of union with the divine

question: English mysticism was composed of how many elements?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is one element of English Dominican mysticism?

answer: it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life

text: it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life

question: What was the focus of English Dominican mysticism?

answer: one's personal relationship with God

text: one's personal relationship with God

question: What did European mysticism and English mysticism both concentrate on?

question: What was not a focus for English Dominican mysticism?

question: Which mysticism was composed of 5 elements?

text: English Dominican

question: What was not an image of divinity?

question: What was not ethical or an actual union of God?


text: Winter, and a deteriorating supply situation on both sides of troops and materiel, led to a halt in ground operations. Sevastopol remained invested by the allies, while the allied armies were hemmed in by the Russian army in the interior. On 14 November a storm sank thirty allied transport ships including HMS Prince which was carrying a cargo of winter clothing.:435 The storm and heavy traffic caused the road from the coast to the troops to disintegrate into a quagmire, requiring engineers to devote most of their time to its repair including quarrying stone. A tramroad was ordered. It arrived in January with a civilian engineering crew, however it was March before it was sufficiently advanced to be of any appreciable value.:439 An Electrical telegraph was also ordered, but the frozen ground delayed its installation until March, when communications from the base port of Balaklava to the British HQ was established. The Pipe-and-cable-laying plough failed because of the hard frozen soil, but even so 21 miles of cable were laid.:449

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: Winter

text: and

text: a

text: deteriorating

text: supply

text: situation

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: troops

text: and

text: materiel

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: halt

text: in

text: ground

text: operations

text: Sevastopol

text: remained

text: invested

text: by

text: the

text: allies

text: while

text: the

text: allied

text: armies

text: were

text: hemmed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: On

text: November

text: a

text: storm

text: sank

text: thirty

text: allied

text: transport

text: ships

text: including

text: HMS

text: Prince

text: which

text: was

text: carrying

text: a

text: cargo

text: of

text: winter

text: The

text: storm

text: and

text: heavy

text: traffic

text: caused

text: the

text: road

text: from

text: the

text: coast

text: to

text: the

text: troops

text: to

text: disintegrate

text: into

text: a

text: quagmire

text: requiring

text: engineers

text: to

text: devote

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: time

text: to

text: its

text: repair

text: including

text: quarrying

text: stone

text: A

text: tramroad

text: was

text: ordered

text: It

text: arrived

text: in

text: January

text: with

text: a

text: civilian

text: engineering

text: crew

text: however

text: it

text: was

text: March

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: sufficiently

text: advanced

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: any

text: appreciable

text: An

text: Electrical

text: telegraph

text: was

text: also

text: ordered

text: but

text: the

text: frozen

text: ground

text: delayed

text: its

text: installation

text: until

text: March

text: when

text: communications

text: from

text: the

text: base

text: port

text: of

text: Balaklava

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: HQ

text: was

text: established

text: The

text: Pipe

text: and

text: cable

text: laying

text: plough

text: failed

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: hard

text: frozen

text: soil

text: but

text: even

text: so

text: miles

text: of

text: cable

text: were

question: What stopped ground operations during the winter?

answer: a deteriorating supply situation

text: a deteriorating supply situation

question: What caused the HMS Prince to sink?

answer: a storm

text: a storm

question: What was the HMS Prince carrying when it sunk?

answer: a cargo of winter clothing

text: a cargo of winter clothing

question: What arrived in January with an engineering crew?

answer: A tramroad

text: A tramroad

question: What caused the electrical telegraph to be delayed for some time?

answer: the frozen ground

text: the frozen ground


text: Melbourne's air quality is generally good and has improved significantly since the 1980s. Like many urban environments, the city faces significant environmental issues, many of them relating to the city's large urban footprint and urban sprawl and the demand for infrastructure and services. One such issue is water usage, drought and low rainfall. Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures deplete Melbourne water supplies and climate change may have a long-term impact on the water supplies of Melbourne. In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong. Both projects are being conducted under controversial Public-Private Partnerships and a multitude of independent reports have found that neither project is required to supply water to the city and that Sustainable Water Management is the best solution. In the meantime, the drought must be weathered.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: air

text: quality

text: is

text: generally

text: good

text: and

text: has

text: improved

text: significantly

text: since

text: the

text: Like

text: many

text: urban

text: environments

text: the

text: city

text: faces

text: significant

text: environmental

text: issues

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: large

text: urban

text: footprint

text: and

text: urban

text: sprawl

text: and

text: the

text: demand

text: for

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: services

text: One

text: such

text: issue

text: is

text: water

text: usage

text: drought

text: and

text: low

text: rainfall

text: Drought

text: in

text: Victoria

text: low

text: rainfalls

text: and

text: high

text: temperatures

text: deplete

text: Melbourne

text: water

text: supplies

text: and

text: climate

text: change

text: may

text: have

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: water

text: supplies

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: low

text: water

text: supplies

text: and

text: low

text: rainfall

text: due

text: to

text: drought

text: the

text: government

text: implemented

text: water

text: restrictions

text: and

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: other

text: options

text: including

text: water

text: recycling

text: schemes

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: incentives

text: for

text: household

text: water

text: tanks

text: greywater

text: systems

text: water

text: consumption

text: awareness

text: initiatives

text: and

text: other

text: water

text: saving

text: and

text: reuse

text: initiatives

text: also

text: in

text: June

text: the

text: Bracks

text: Government

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: billion

text: Wonthaggi

text: desalination

text: plant

text: would

text: be

text: built

text: on

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: south

text: east

text: coast

text: capable

text: of

text: treating

text: billion

text: litres

text: of

text: water

text: per

text: year

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: km

text: mi

text: pipeline

text: from

text: the

text: Goulburn

text: area

text: in

text: Victoria

text: 's

text: north

text: to

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: water

text: pipeline

text: linking

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: Geelong

text: Both

text: projects

text: are

text: being

text: conducted

text: under

text: controversial

text: Public

text: Private

text: Partnerships

text: and

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: independent

text: reports

text: have

text: found

text: that

text: neither

text: project

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: supply

text: water

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: that

text: Sustainable

text: Water

text: Management

text: is

text: the

text: best

text: solution

text: In

text: the

text: meantime

text: the

text: drought

text: must

text: be

text: weathered

question: Has Melbourne's air quality improved or declined since the 1980s?

answer: improved significantly

text: improved significantly

question: What factors deplete Melbourne water supplies?

answer: Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures

text: Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures

question: Which government announced a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant in June 2007?

answer: Bracks Government

text: Bracks Government

question: How many litres of water will the Wonthaggi desalination plant be capbale of treating per year?

answer: 150 billion litres

text: 150 billion litres


text: Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and the International Bible Students as a modern-day prophet.[note 5] Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible. Failed predictions have led to the alteration or abandonment of some doctrines. Some failed predictions had been presented as "beyond doubt" or "approved by God".

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: Society

text: publications

text: have

text: claimed

text: that

text: God

text: has

text: used

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: and

text: formerly

text: the

text: International

text: Bible

text: Students

text: to

text: declare

text: his

text: will

text: and

text: has

text: provided

text: advance

text: knowledge

text: about

text: Armageddon

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: kingdom

text: Some

text: publications

text: also

text: claimed

text: that

text: God

text: has

text: used

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: and

text: the

text: International

text: Bible

text: Students

text: as

text: a

text: modern

text: day

text: prophet.[note

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: publications

text: have

text: made

text: various

text: predictions

text: about

text: world

text: events

text: they

text: believe

text: were

text: prophesied

text: in

text: the

text: Bible

text: Failed

text: predictions

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: alteration

text: or

text: abandonment

text: of

text: some

text: doctrines

text: Some

text: failed

text: predictions

text: had

text: been

text: presented

text: as

text: beyond

text: doubt

text: or

text: approved

text: by

text: God

question: Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used?

answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for?

answer: to declare his will

text: to declare his will

question: What has God provided to Jehovah's Witnesses?

answer: advance knowledge about Armageddon

text: advance knowledge about Armageddon

question: What have various Jehovah's Witnesses' publications made predictions about?

answer: world events

text: world events

question: What had some of the failed predictions of Jehovah's Witnesses been presented as?

answer: "beyond doubt"

text: "beyond doubt"

question: What Protestant religion has allowed that some of their predictions may not come to pass?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What is one of Watch Tower Society's publications?

text: Armageddon

question: What is one of of the Protestant religions doesn't claim to know what is coming next?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What is one of the religions that doesn't believe in an upcoming Armageddon?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses


text: Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons as well as chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. Israel has not signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity toward its nuclear capabilities. The Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines are believed to be armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles, offering nuclear second strike capability. Since the Gulf War in 1991, when Israel was attacked by Iraqi Scud missiles, all homes in Israel are required to have a reinforced security room, Merkhav Mugan, impermeable to chemical and biological substances.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: Israel

text: is

text: widely

text: believed

text: to

text: possess

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: chemical

text: and

text: biological

text: weapons

text: of

text: mass

text: destruction

text: Israel

text: has

text: not

text: signed

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: the

text: Non

text: Proliferation

text: of

text: Nuclear

text: Weapons

text: and

text: maintains

text: a

text: policy

text: of

text: deliberate

text: ambiguity

text: toward

text: its

text: nuclear

text: capabilities

text: The

text: Israeli

text: Navy

text: 's

text: Dolphin

text: submarines

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: armed

text: with

text: nuclear

text: Popeye

text: Turbo

text: missiles

text: offering

text: nuclear

text: second

text: strike

text: capability

text: Since

text: the

text: Gulf

text: War

text: in

text: when

text: Israel

text: was

text: attacked

text: by

text: Iraqi

text: Scud

text: missiles

text: all

text: homes

text: in

text: Israel

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: reinforced

text: security

text: room

text: Merkhav

text: Mugan

text: impermeable

text: to

text: chemical

text: and

text: biological

text: substances

question: Israel is widely believed to possess what?

answer: nuclear weapons

text: nuclear weapons

question: What is armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles?

answer: Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines

text: Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines

question: All homes in Israel are required to have a room called what?

answer: Merkhav Mugan

text: Merkhav Mugan


text: A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.

title: Utrecht

title: Utrecht

text: A

text: large

text: indoor

text: shopping

text: centre

text: Hoog

text: Catharijne

text: nl

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: Utrecht

text: Centraal

text: railway

text: station

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: The

text: corridors

text: are

text: treated

text: as

text: public

text: places

text: like

text: streets

text: and

text: the

text: route

text: between

text: the

text: station

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: is

text: open

text: all

text: night

text: In

text: years

text: from

text: parts

text: of

text: Hoog

text: Catharijne

text: will

text: be

text: redeveloped

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: renovation

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: station

text: area

text: Parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: network

text: of

text: canals

text: which

text: were

text: filled

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: shopping

text: center

text: and

text: central

text: station

text: area

text: will

text: be

text: recreated

text: The

text: Jaarbeurs

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: convention

text: centres

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: west

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: railway

text: station

question: What is the name of the large shopping center

answer: Hoog Catharijne

text: Hoog Catharijne

question: how are the shopping center corridors treated

answer: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night

text: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night

question: What is being recreated

answer: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated

text: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated

question: what is located on the west side of the rail station

answer: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station

text: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station

question: What shopping center is located in the city center?

text: Hoog Catharijne

question: What streets are open all night?

question: What is planned to be renovated every 20 years?

text: parts of Hoog Catharijne

question: What is one of the largest convention centres in Europe?

text: The Jaarbeurs,


text: J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation

text: J.

text: Edgar

text: Hoover

text: served

text: as

text: Director

text: from

text: to

text: a

text: combined

text: years

text: with

text: the

text: BOI

text: DOI

text: and

text: FBI

text: He

text: was

text: chiefly

text: responsible

text: for

text: creating

text: the

text: Scientific

text: Crime

text: Detection

text: Laboratory

text: or

text: the

text: FBI

text: Laboratory

text: which

text: officially

text: opened

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: to

text: professionalize

text: investigations

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: Hoover

text: was

text: substantially

text: involved

text: in

text: most

text: major

text: cases

text: and

text: projects

text: that

text: the

text: FBI

text: handled

text: during

text: his

text: tenure

text: After

text: Hoover

text: 's

text: death

text: Congress

text: passed

text: legislation

text: that

text: limited

text: the

text: tenure

text: of

text: future

text: FBI

text: Directors

text: to

text: ten

text: years

question: Who was Director from 1924 to 1972?

answer: J. Edgar Hoover

text: J. Edgar Hoover

question: How many years was Hoover the FBI director?

answer: 48

question: What laboratory was Hoover responsible for creating?

answer: Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory

text: Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory

question: What was the other name for the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory?

answer: FBI Laboratory

text: FBI Laboratory

question: When did the FBI laboratory open?

answer: 1932

question: Who served as FBI director before 1924?

text: J. Edgar Hoover

question: What year did the FBI laboratory officially close?

question: What laboratory was Hoover responsible for destroying?

text: Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory

question: What was the tenure limit for FBI directors before Hoover's death?

text: ten years

question: What passed legislation to set the tenure limit of CIA directors to ten years?

text: Congress


text: In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the rioting had spread to five other towns near the Caspian Sea. A mob of about 150 people armed with sticks, stones and metal rods attacked the police station in Mangishlak, about 90 miles from Zhanaozen, before they were dispersed by government troops flown in by helicopters. Mobs of young people also rampaged through Yeraliev, Shepke, Fort-Shevchenko and Kulsary, where they poured flammable liquid on trains housing temporary workers and set them on fire.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: Kazakhstan

text: on

text: June

text: young

text: men

text: carrying

text: guns

text: firebombs

text: iron

text: bars

text: and

text: stones

text: rioted

text: in

text: Zhanaozen

text: causing

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: deaths

text: The

text: youths

text: tried

text: to

text: seize

text: a

text: police

text: station

text: and

text: a

text: water

text: supply

text: station

text: They

text: brought

text: public

text: transportation

text: to

text: a

text: halt

text: and

text: shut

text: down

text: various

text: shops

text: and

text: industries

text: By

text: June

text: the

text: rioting

text: had

text: spread

text: to

text: five

text: other

text: towns

text: near

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: A

text: mob

text: of

text: about

text: people

text: armed

text: with

text: sticks

text: stones

text: and

text: metal

text: rods

text: attacked

text: the

text: police

text: station

text: in

text: Mangishlak

text: about

text: miles

text: from

text: Zhanaozen

text: before

text: they

text: were

text: dispersed

text: by

text: government

text: troops

text: flown

text: in

text: by

text: helicopters

text: Mobs

text: of

text: young

text: people

text: also

text: rampaged

text: through

text: Yeraliev

text: Shepke

text: Fort

text: Shevchenko

text: and

text: Kulsary

text: where

text: they

text: poured

text: flammable

text: liquid

text: on

text: trains

text: housing

text: temporary

text: workers

text: and

text: set

text: them

text: on

text: fire

question: Where was the fatal June 19th riots?

answer: Zhanaozen

text: Zhanaozen

question: Who were the rioters?

answer: young men

text: young men

question: What did the rioters try to take over?

answer: police station and a water-supply station

text: police station and a water-supply station

question: How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots?

answer: five

text: five

question: What was attacked in Mangishlak?

answer: police station

text: police station


text: Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian. In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called "Serbo-Croato-Slovenian"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia affected language attitudes, so that social conceptions of the language separated on ethnic and political lines. Since the breakup of Yugoslavia, Bosnian has likewise been established as an official standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and there is an ongoing movement to codify a separate Montenegrin standard. Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the ethnic names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: was

text: standardized

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Vienna

text: Literary

text: Agreement

text: by

text: Croatian

text: and

text: Serbian

text: writers

text: and

text: philologists

text: decades

text: before

text: a

text: Yugoslav

text: state

text: was

text: established

text: From

text: the

text: very

text: beginning

text: there

text: were

text: slightly

text: different

text: literary

text: Serbian

text: and

text: Croatian

text: standards

text: although

text: both

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: Shtokavian

text: subdialect

text: Eastern

text: Herzegovinian

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: Serbo

text: Croato

text: Slovenian

text: and

text: later

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: The

text: breakup

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: affected

text: language

text: attitudes

text: so

text: that

text: social

text: conceptions

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: separated

text: on

text: ethnic

text: and

text: political

text: lines

text: Since

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: Bosnian

text: has

text: likewise

text: been

text: established

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: standard

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: ongoing

text: movement

text: to

text: codify

text: a

text: separate

text: Montenegrin

text: standard

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: thus

text: generally

text: goes

text: by

text: the

text: ethnic

text: names

text: Serbian

text: Croatian

text: Bosnian

text: and

text: sometimes

text: Montenegrin

text: and

text: Bunjevac

question: What were both Serbian and Croation standards based on?

answer: Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian

text: Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian

question: Which language officially served the Kingdom of Yugoslavia?

answer: Serbo-Croatian

text: Serbo-Croatian

question: What ethnic names does Serbo-Croatian associate with?

answer: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac

text: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac

question: In what year was a Yugoslav state standardized?

text: in the mid-19th-century

question: What agreement helped standardize Eastern Herzegovinian?

text: Vienna Literary Agreement

question: What were Yugoaslav and Bosnian standards based on?

question: In the mid 19th century what was the official language of Yugoslavia?

text: Serbo-Croatian

question: How did the break-up of Croatia affect the language?


text: Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort they were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: Puritans

text: were

text: blocked

text: from

text: changing

text: the

text: established

text: church

text: from

text: within

text: and

text: were

text: severely

text: restricted

text: in

text: England

text: by

text: laws

text: controlling

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: religion

text: Their

text: beliefs

text: however

text: were

text: transported

text: by

text: the

text: emigration

text: of

text: congregations

text: to

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: later

text: to

text: New

text: England

text: and

text: by

text: evangelical

text: clergy

text: to

text: Ireland

text: and

text: later

text: into

text: Wales

text: and

text: were

text: spread

text: into

text: lay

text: society

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: educational

text: system

text: particularly

text: certain

text: colleges

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: They

text: took

text: on

text: distinctive

text: beliefs

text: about

text: clerical

text: dress

text: and

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: episcopal

text: system

text: particularly

text: after

text: the

text: conclusions

text: of

text: the

text: Synod

text: of

text: Dort

text: they

text: were

text: resisted

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: bishops

text: They

text: largely

text: adopted

text: Sabbatarianism

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: millennialism

question: What group was very much hampered in England from making changes?

answer: Puritans

text: Puritans

question: What college was influenced by Puritan beliefs?

answer: the University of Cambridge

text: the University of Cambridge

question: What movement influenced the Puritans?

answer: millennialism

text: millennialism

question: What movement did the Puritans adopt in the 17th century?

answer: Sabbatarianism

text: Sabbatarianism

question: When was the Synod of Dort?

answer: 1619


text: When the White House is controlled by the House majority party, then the House minority leader assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party. "As Minority Leader during [President Lyndon Johnson's] Democratic administration, my responsibility has been to propose Republican alternatives," said Minority Leader Gerald Ford, R-MI. Greatly outnumbered in the House, Minority Leader Ford devised a political strategy that allowed Republicans to offer their alternatives in a manner that provided them political protection. As Ford explained:

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: When

text: the

text: White

text: House

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: House

text: majority

text: party

text: then

text: the

text: House

text: minority

text: leader

text: assumes

text: a

text: larger

text: role

text: in

text: formulating

text: alternatives

text: to

text: executive

text: branch

text: initiatives

text: and

text: in

text: acting

text: as

text: a

text: national

text: spokesperson

text: for

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: party

text: As

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: during

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: administration

text: my

text: responsibility

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: propose

text: Republican

text: alternatives

text: said

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Gerald

text: Ford

text: R

text: MI

text: Greatly

text: outnumbered

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: Ford

text: devised

text: a

text: political

text: strategy

text: that

text: allowed

text: Republicans

text: to

text: offer

text: their

text: alternatives

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: that

text: provided

text: them

text: political

text: protection

text: As

text: Ford

text: explained

question: What is the difference in role for Minority leader when majority party holds white house?

answer: assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party

text: assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for his or her party

question: What was Gerald Ford's role as minority leader under Johnson administration?

answer: propose Republican alternatives

text: propose Republican alternatives

question: What did Ford's alternatives provide for republican's?

answer: political protection

text: political protection

question: During what administration was Gerald Ford President?

text: Democratic

question: What alternatives did Lyndon Johnson propose?

text: Republican

question: What did Johnson want to provide for Republicans as Minority Leader?

text: political protection

question: What does the President usually act as spokesperson for?

text: his or her party

question: What role does the executive branch assume when the house is controlled by the Republicans?

text: a larger role


text: Evidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient China; however, the Han-era Chinese produced wrought iron by injecting excess oxygen into a furnace and causing decarburization. Cast iron and pig iron could be converted into wrought iron and steel using a fining process.

title: Han_dynasty

title: Han_dynasty

text: Evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: blast

text: furnaces

text: that

text: convert

text: raw

text: iron

text: ore

text: into

text: pig

text: iron

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: remelted

text: in

text: a

text: cupola

text: furnace

text: to

text: produce

text: cast

text: iron

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: a

text: cold

text: blast

text: and

text: hot

text: blast

text: were

text: operational

text: in

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Spring

text: and

text: Autumn

text: period

text: BC

text: The

text: bloomery

text: was

text: nonexistent

text: in

text: ancient

text: China

text: however

text: the

text: Han

text: era

text: Chinese

text: produced

text: wrought

text: iron

text: by

text: injecting

text: excess

text: oxygen

text: into

text: a

text: furnace

text: and

text: causing

text: decarburization

text: Cast

text: iron

text: and

text: pig

text: iron

text: could

text: be

text: converted

text: into

text: wrought

text: iron

text: and

text: steel

text: using

text: a

text: fining

text: process

question: What type of furnace was functional in China in 722 BC?

answer: blast

text: blast

question: What element was used in the production of wrought iron?

answer: oxygen

text: oxygen

question: What type of iron could pig iron be converted into?

answer: wrought

text: wrought

question: What type of process was used to convert various metals into steel?

answer: fining

text: fining

question: What can iron ore be converted into in a blast furnace?

answer: pig iron

text: pig iron


text: Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped the economy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewellery making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: government

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: make

text: wide

text: ranging

text: economic

text: reforms

text: that

text: paid

text: off

text: in

text: dramatically

text: lower

text: inflation

text: and

text: steady

text: growth

text: The

text: cease

text: fire

text: in

text: the

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: conflict

text: has

text: also

text: helped

text: the

text: economy

text: Armenia

text: has

text: had

text: strong

text: economic

text: growth

text: since

text: building

text: on

text: the

text: turnaround

text: that

text: began

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: and

text: inflation

text: has

text: been

text: negligible

text: for

text: the

text: past

text: several

text: years

text: New

text: sectors

text: such

text: as

text: precious

text: stone

text: processing

text: and

text: jewellery

text: making

text: information

text: and

text: communication

text: technology

text: and

text: even

text: tourism

text: are

text: beginning

text: to

text: supplement

text: more

text: traditional

text: sectors

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: such

text: as

text: agriculture

question: What did Armenia declare a cease-fire to in 1994?

answer: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

text: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

question: Since when has Armenia experienced a positive growth in their economy?

answer: 1995

question: What is one of the newer sectors Armenia has in addition to agriculture?

answer: precious-stone processing

text: precious-stone processing

question: What helped Armenia decrease inflation and create study growth in the economy?

answer: economic reforms

text: economic reforms


text: Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. These concern the fate of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants, *ć and *dź:

title: Iranian_languages

title: Iranian_languages

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: dialectal

text: divisions

text: among

text: Iranian

text: indeed

text: happen

text: to

text: not

text: follow

text: the

text: later

text: division

text: into

text: Western

text: and

text: Eastern

text: blocks

text: These

text: concern

text: the

text: fate

text: of

text: the

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: Iranian

text: first

text: series

text: palatal

text: consonants

text: ć

text: and

text: dź

question: What elements of Proto-Indo-Iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants?

answer: *ć and *dź

text: *ć and *dź

question: What type of letters are *ć and *dź?

answer: first-series palatal consonants

text: first-series palatal consonants

question: What Iranian dialects did not follow the Western and Eastern blocks?

text: Two of the earliest

question: What type of valves are c and dz?

text: palatal


text: According to the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce, the metropolitan area's economic output grew by 33 percent between 2001 and 2005 due chiefly to economic diversification. Its gross metropolitan product was $43.1 billion in 2005 and grew to $61.1 billion in 2009.

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Commerce

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: 's

text: economic

text: output

text: grew

text: by

text: percent

text: between

text: and

text: due

text: chiefly

text: to

text: economic

text: diversification

text: Its

text: gross

text: metropolitan

text: product

text: was

text: billion

text: in

text: and

text: grew

text: to

text: billion

text: in

question: What was Oklahoma cities gross metropolitan product in 2009?

answer: $61.1 billion

text: $61.1 billion


text: There were two main techniques in Greco-Roman mosaic: opus vermiculatum used tiny tesserae, typically cubes of 4 millimeters or less, and was produced in workshops in relatively small panels which were transported to the site glued to some temporary support. The tiny tesserae allowed very fine detail, and an approach to the illusionism of painting. Often small panels called emblemata were inserted into walls or as the highlights of larger floor-mosaics in coarser work. The normal technique was opus tessellatum, using larger tesserae, which was laid on site. There was a distinct native Italian style using black on a white background, which was no doubt cheaper than fully coloured work.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: There

text: were

text: two

text: main

text: techniques

text: in

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: mosaic

text: opus

text: vermiculatum

text: used

text: tiny

text: tesserae

text: typically

text: cubes

text: of

text: millimeters

text: or

text: less

text: and

text: was

text: produced

text: in

text: workshops

text: in

text: relatively

text: small

text: panels

text: which

text: were

text: transported

text: to

text: the

text: site

text: glued

text: to

text: some

text: temporary

text: support

text: The

text: tiny

text: tesserae

text: allowed

text: very

text: fine

text: detail

text: and

text: an

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: illusionism

text: of

text: painting

text: Often

text: small

text: panels

text: called

text: emblemata

text: were

text: inserted

text: into

text: walls

text: or

text: as

text: the

text: highlights

text: of

text: larger

text: floor

text: mosaics

text: in

text: coarser

text: work

text: The

text: normal

text: technique

text: was

text: opus

text: tessellatum

text: using

text: larger

text: tesserae

text: which

text: was

text: laid

text: on

text: site

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: distinct

text: native

text: Italian

text: style

text: using

text: black

text: on

text: a

text: white

text: background

text: which

text: was

text: no

text: doubt

text: cheaper

text: than

text: fully

text: coloured

text: work

question: What type of mosaic uses small tesserae?

answer: opus vermiculatum

text: opus vermiculatum

question: What was the benefit of using small pieces to create a mosaic?

answer: very fine detail

text: very fine detail

question: What were small panel mosaics known as?

answer: emblemata

text: emblemata

question: What was the name of the mosaic technique that used larger tesserae?

answer: opus tessellatum

text: opus tessellatum

question: Why were black and white pieces used in most italian mosaics?

answer: cheaper than fully coloured work

text: cheaper than fully coloured work


text: Since birds are highly visible and common animals, humans have had a relationship with them since the dawn of man. Sometimes, these relationships are mutualistic, like the cooperative honey-gathering among honeyguides and African peoples such as the Borana. Other times, they may be commensal, as when species such as the house sparrow have benefited from human activities. Several bird species have become commercially significant agricultural pests, and some pose an aviation hazard. Human activities can also be detrimental, and have threatened numerous bird species with extinction (hunting, avian lead poisoning, pesticides, roadkill, and predation by pet cats and dogs are common sources of death for birds).

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Since

text: birds

text: are

text: highly

text: visible

text: and

text: common

text: animals

text: humans

text: have

text: had

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: them

text: since

text: the

text: dawn

text: of

text: man

text: Sometimes

text: these

text: relationships

text: are

text: mutualistic

text: like

text: the

text: cooperative

text: honey

text: gathering

text: among

text: honeyguides

text: and

text: African

text: peoples

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Borana

text: Other

text: times

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: commensal

text: as

text: when

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: house

text: sparrow

text: have

text: benefited

text: from

text: human

text: activities

text: Several

text: bird

text: species

text: have

text: become

text: commercially

text: significant

text: agricultural

text: pests

text: and

text: some

text: pose

text: an

text: aviation

text: hazard

text: Human

text: activities

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: detrimental

text: and

text: have

text: threatened

text: numerous

text: bird

text: species

text: with

text: extinction

text: hunting

text: avian

text: lead

text: poisoning

text: pesticides

text: roadkill

text: and

text: predation

text: by

text: pet

text: cats

text: and

text: dogs

text: are

text: common

text: sources

text: of

text: death

text: for

text: birds

question: Why have humans had a relationship with birds since the dawn of man?

answer: Since birds are highly visible and common animals

text: Since birds are highly visible and common animals

question: What is it called when the house sparrow has benefited from human activity?

answer: commensal

text: commensal

question: What have threatened numerous bird species with extinction?

answer: Human activities

text: Human activities


text: Innuendo was released in early 1991 with an eponymous number 1 UK hit and other charting singles including, "The Show Must Go On". Mercury was increasingly ill and could barely walk when the band recorded "The Show Must Go On" in 1990. Because of this, May had concerns about whether he was physically capable of singing it. Recalling Mercury's successful performance May states; "he went in and killed it, completely lacerated that vocal". The rest of the band were ready to record when Mercury felt able to come in to the studio, for an hour or two at a time. May says of Mercury: “He just kept saying. 'Write me more. Write me stuff. I want to just sing this and do it and when I am gone you can finish it off.’ He had no fear, really.” The band's second greatest hits compilation, Greatest Hits II, followed in October 1991, which is the eighth best-selling album of all time in the UK and has sold 16 million copies worldwide.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: Innuendo

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: early

text: with

text: an

text: eponymous

text: number

text: UK

text: hit

text: and

text: other

text: charting

text: singles

text: including

text: The

text: Show

text: Must

text: Go

text: On

text: Mercury

text: was

text: increasingly

text: ill

text: and

text: could

text: barely

text: walk

text: when

text: the

text: band

text: recorded

text: The

text: Show

text: Must

text: Go

text: On

text: in

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: May

text: had

text: concerns

text: about

text: whether

text: he

text: was

text: physically

text: capable

text: of

text: singing

text: it

text: Recalling

text: Mercury

text: 's

text: successful

text: performance

text: May

text: states

text: he

text: went

text: in

text: and

text: killed

text: it

text: completely

text: lacerated

text: that

text: vocal

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: were

text: ready

text: to

text: record

text: when

text: Mercury

text: felt

text: able

text: to

text: come

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: studio

text: for

text: an

text: hour

text: or

text: two

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: May

text: says

text: of

text: Mercury

text: He

text: just

text: kept

text: saying

text: Write

text: me

text: more

text: Write

text: me

text: stuff

text: I

text: want

text: to

text: just

text: sing

text: this

text: and

text: do

text: it

text: and

text: when

text: I

text: am

text: gone

text: you

text: can

text: finish

text: it

text: off.’

text: He

text: had

text: no

text: fear

text: really

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: second

text: greatest

text: hits

text: compilation

text: Greatest

text: Hits

text: II

text: followed

text: in

text: October

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: best

text: selling

text: album

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: has

text: sold

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

question: What was one single from Queen's Innuendo that charted in the UK?

answer: The Show Must Go On

text: The Show Must Go On

question: What was the name of Queen's second greatest hits compilation?

answer: Greatest Hits II

text: Greatest Hits II

question: Which Queen album is the eighth best-selling album in the UK of all time?

answer: Greatest Hits II

text: Greatest Hits II

question: Which band member of Queen was seriously ill in 1991?

answer: Mercury

text: Mercury

question: Queen's Greatest Hits II has sold how many copies worldwide?

answer: 16 million

text: 16 million


text: In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.

title: Dutch_Republic

title: Dutch_Republic

text: In

text: theory

text: the

text: stadtholders

text: were

text: freely

text: appointed

text: by

text: and

text: subordinate

text: to

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: each

text: province

text: However

text: in

text: practice

text: the

text: princes

text: of

text: Orange

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Orange

text: Nassau

text: beginning

text: with

text: William

text: the

text: Silent

text: were

text: always

text: chosen

text: as

text: stadtholders

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: Zeeland

text: and

text: usually

text: Utrecht

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: stadtholder

text: as

text: Holland

question: Who appointed the stadtholders?

answer: the states of each province

text: the states of each province

question: Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces?

answer: the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent

text: the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent

question: Which states had the same stadtholder as Holland?

answer: Zeeland and usually Utrecht

text: Zeeland and usually Utrecht

question: What are two things that define the princes in theory?

question: Who appointed the princes of Orange?

text: the states of each province

question: Who had the same princes as Holland?

text: Zeeland and usually Utrecht

question: Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht?

text: the stadtholders

question: What were Zeeland and Utrecht always chosen as?

text: stadtholders of most of the provinces


text: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: On

text: the

text: following

text: table

text: green

text: arrows

text: represent

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: ranking

text: over

text: the

text: previous

text: study

text: while

text: red

text: arrows

text: represent

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: ranking

text: They

text: are

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: spaces

text: they

text: moved

text: Blue

text: dashes

text: represent

text: a

text: nation

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: move

text: in

text: the

text: rankings

text: since

text: the

text: previous

text: study

question: If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

answer: red arrows

text: red arrows

question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

answer: green arrows

text: green arrows

question: If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?

answer: Blue dash

text: Blue dash

question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present?

text: red arrows

question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present?

text: green

question: If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present?

text: Blue


text: In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life. Monks are venerated and supported by the lay people. A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu is the most important coming of age events for a boy, during which he enters the monastery for a short time. All male children in Buddhist families are encouraged to be a novice (beginner for Buddhism) before the age of twenty and to be a monk after the age of twenty. Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time. Burmese culture is most evident in villages where local festivals are held throughout the year, the most important being the pagoda festival. Many villages have a guardian nat, and superstition and taboos are commonplace.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: In

text: a

text: traditional

text: village

text: the

text: monastery

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: cultural

text: life

text: Monks

text: are

text: venerated

text: and

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: lay

text: people

text: A

text: novitiation

text: ceremony

text: called

text: shinbyu

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: events

text: for

text: a

text: boy

text: during

text: which

text: he

text: enters

text: the

text: monastery

text: for

text: a

text: short

text: time

text: All

text: male

text: children

text: in

text: Buddhist

text: families

text: are

text: encouraged

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: novice

text: beginner

text: for

text: Buddhism

text: before

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: monk

text: after

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: Girls

text: have

text: ear

text: piercing

text: ceremonies

text: နားသ

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Burmese

text: culture

text: is

text: most

text: evident

text: in

text: villages

text: where

text: local

text: festivals

text: are

text: held

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: being

text: the

text: pagoda

text: festival

text: Many

text: villages

text: have

text: a

text: guardian

text: nat

text: and

text: superstition

text: and

text: taboos

text: are

text: commonplace

question: Customarily where is the expected place in the lives of the people for the home of monks in Burma ?

answer: In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life.

text: In a traditional village, the monastery is the centre of cultural life.

question: What event is exceedingly relevant for young males that involves monks in Burma ?

answer: A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu

text: A novitiation ceremony called shinbyu

question: What do girls of the village get in comparison the the young male event ?

answer: Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time.

text: Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time.

question: What is the biggest celebration held in local events in Burma ?

answer: the most important being the pagoda festival

text: the most important being the pagoda festival

question: What do many villages have that protects them in times of imminent or impending danger ?

answer: Many villages have a guardian nat

text: Many villages have a guardian nat


text: Sea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading. The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much as 200 m (656 ft) more than today, which flooded coastal areas. Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller divisions, bringing more land area in contact with the ocean by forming the Tethys Sea. Temperatures continued to increase and began to stabilize. Humidity also increased with the proximity of water, and deserts retreated.

title: Mesozoic

title: Mesozoic

text: Sea

text: levels

text: began

text: to

text: rise

text: during

text: the

text: Jurassic

text: which

text: was

text: probably

text: caused

text: by

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: seafloor

text: spreading

text: The

text: formation

text: of

text: new

text: crust

text: beneath

text: the

text: surface

text: displaced

text: ocean

text: waters

text: by

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: m

text: ft

text: more

text: than

text: today

text: which

text: flooded

text: coastal

text: areas

text: Furthermore

text: Pangaea

text: began

text: to

text: rift

text: into

text: smaller

text: divisions

text: bringing

text: more

text: land

text: area

text: in

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: ocean

text: by

text: forming

text: the

text: Tethys

text: Sea

text: Temperatures

text: continued

text: to

text: increase

text: and

text: began

text: to

text: stabilize

text: Humidity

text: also

text: increased

text: with

text: the

text: proximity

text: of

text: water

text: and

text: deserts

text: retreated

question: What caused the sea to rise during the Jurassic?

answer: increase in seafloor

text: increase in seafloor

question: Rising seas and displaced waters caused what  element along the coasts?

answer: flooded coastal areas

text: flooded coastal areas

question: Pangaea beginning to break apart created what new sea?

answer: Tethys Sea

text: Tethys Sea

question: What weather condition increased?

answer: Temperatures

text: Temperatures

question: As humidity increased what land area decreased?

answer: deserts

text: deserts

question: What caused the sea to fall during the Jurassic?

text: seafloor spreading

question: Rising seas and displaced waters destroyed what element along the coasts?

text: flooded coastal areas

question: What weather condition became much more stable?

text: Temperatures

question: Why did humidity decrease during the Jurassic?

text: proximity of water

question: By how much did oceans increase in size compared to today?

text: 200 m


text: Once a year between 2008–2012 the European Formula One Grand Prix took place in the Valencia Street Circuit. Valencia is among with Barcelona, Porto and Monte Carlo the only European cities ever to host Formula One World Championship Grands Prix on public roads in the middle of cities. The final race in 2012 European Grand Prix saw an extremely popular winner, since home driver Fernando Alonso won for Ferrari in spite of starting halfway down the field. The Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix (Gran Premi de la Comunitat Valenciana de motociclisme) is part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo (also known as Circuit de Valencia). Periodically the Spanish round of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters touring car racing Championship (DTM) is held in Valencia.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Once

text: a

text: year

text: between

text: the

text: European

text: Formula

text: One

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Valencia

text: Street

text: Circuit

text: Valencia

text: is

text: among

text: with

text: Barcelona

text: Porto

text: and

text: Monte

text: Carlo

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: cities

text: ever

text: to

text: host

text: Formula

text: One

text: World

text: Championship

text: Grands

text: Prix

text: on

text: public

text: roads

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: cities

text: The

text: final

text: race

text: in

text: European

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: saw

text: an

text: extremely

text: popular

text: winner

text: since

text: home

text: driver

text: Fernando

text: Alonso

text: won

text: for

text: Ferrari

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: starting

text: halfway

text: down

text: the

text: field

text: The

text: Valencian

text: Community

text: motorcycle

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: Gran

text: Premi

text: de

text: la

text: Comunitat

text: Valenciana

text: de

text: motociclisme

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: motorcycle

text: racing

text: season

text: at

text: the

text: Circuit

text: Ricardo

text: Tormo

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Circuit

text: de

text: Valencia

text: Periodically

text: the

text: Spanish

text: round

text: of

text: the

text: Deutsche

text: Tourenwagen

text: Masters

text: touring

text: car

text: racing

text: Championship

text: DTM

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: Valencia

question: Who won the last race of the European Grand Prix in 2012?

answer: Fernando Alonso

text: Fernando Alonso

question: What motorcycle event is held in Valencia?

answer: Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix

text: Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix

question: In which years was the European Formula One Grand Prix in Valencia?

answer: 2008–2012

question: What is another name for the Circuit Recardo Tormo?

answer: Circuit de Valencia

text: Circuit de Valencia


text: Research suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful impact on realization of sexual orientation. Influences of culture may complicate the process of measuring sexual orientation. The majority of empirical and clinical research on LGBT populations are done with largely white, middle-class, well-educated samples, however there are pockets of research that document various other cultural groups, although these are frequently limited in diversity of gender and sexual orientation of the subjects. Integration of sexual orientation with sociocultural identity may be a challenge for LGBT individuals. Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their sexual identity, as they may experience various degrees of fluidity of sexuality, or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity such as family role. American culture puts a great emphasis on individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant. In contrast, East Asian cultures put a great emphasis on a person's social role within social hierarchies, and view the self as fluid and malleable. These differing cultural perspectives have many implications on cognitions of the self, including perception of sexual orientation.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Research

text: suggests

text: that

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: independent

text: of

text: cultural

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: influences

text: but

text: that

text: open

text: identification

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: may

text: be

text: hindered

text: by

text: homophobic

text: hetereosexist

text: settings

text: Social

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: religion

text: language

text: and

text: ethnic

text: traditions

text: can

text: have

text: a

text: powerful

text: impact

text: on

text: realization

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: Influences

text: of

text: culture

text: may

text: complicate

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: measuring

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: empirical

text: and

text: clinical

text: research

text: on

text: LGBT

text: populations

text: are

text: done

text: with

text: largely

text: white

text: middle

text: class

text: well

text: educated

text: samples

text: however

text: there

text: are

text: pockets

text: of

text: research

text: that

text: document

text: various

text: other

text: cultural

text: groups

text: although

text: these

text: are

text: frequently

text: limited

text: in

text: diversity

text: of

text: gender

text: and

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: of

text: the

text: subjects

text: Integration

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: with

text: sociocultural

text: identity

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: challenge

text: for

text: LGBT

text: individuals

text: Individuals

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: consider

text: their

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: to

text: define

text: their

text: sexual

text: identity

text: as

text: they

text: may

text: experience

text: various

text: degrees

text: of

text: fluidity

text: of

text: sexuality

text: or

text: may

text: simply

text: identify

text: more

text: strongly

text: with

text: another

text: aspect

text: of

text: their

text: identity

text: such

text: as

text: family

text: role

text: American

text: culture

text: puts

text: a

text: great

text: emphasis

text: on

text: individual

text: attributes

text: and

text: views

text: the

text: self

text: as

text: unchangeable

text: and

text: constant

text: In

text: contrast

text: East

text: Asian

text: cultures

text: put

text: a

text: great

text: emphasis

text: on

text: a

text: person

text: 's

text: social

text: role

text: within

text: social

text: hierarchies

text: and

text: view

text: the

text: self

text: as

text: fluid

text: and

text: malleable

text: These

text: differing

text: cultural

text: perspectives

text: have

text: many

text: implications

text: on

text: cognitions

text: of

text: the

text: self

text: including

text: perception

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

question: What does research show about sexual orientation?

answer: is independent of cultural and other social influences

text: is independent of cultural and other social influences

question: What can being openly gay be hindered by?

answer: homophobic/hetereosexist settings.

text: homophobic/hetereosexist settings.

question: What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference?

answer: religion, language and ethnic traditions

text: religion, language and ethnic traditions

question: What group of the LGBT community are the most researched?

answer: white, middle-class, well-educated

text: white, middle-class, well-educated

question: What does the american culture put a large emphasis on?

answer: individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant.

text: individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant.


text: The gyromagnetic ratio γ is the constant of proportionality between the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance (or electron paramagnetic resonance for electrons) and the applied magnetic field B: ν = γB. It is difficult to measure gyromagnetic ratios precisely because of the difficulties in precisely measuring B, but the value for protons in water at 7002298150000000000♠25 °C is known to better than one part per million. The protons are said to be "shielded" from the applied magnetic field by the electrons in the water molecule, the same effect that gives rise to chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy, and this is indicated by a prime on the symbol for the gyromagnetic ratio, γ′p. The gyromagnetic ratio is related to the shielded proton magnetic moment μ′p, the spin number I (I = 1⁄2 for protons) and the reduced Planck constant.

title: Planck_constant

title: Planck_constant

text: The

text: gyromagnetic

text: ratio

text: γ

text: is

text: the

text: constant

text: of

text: proportionality

text: between

text: the

text: frequency

text: ν

text: of

text: nuclear

text: magnetic

text: resonance

text: or

text: electron

text: paramagnetic

text: resonance

text: for

text: electrons

text: and

text: the

text: applied

text: magnetic

text: field

text: B

text: ν

text: γB.

text: It

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: measure

text: gyromagnetic

text: ratios

text: precisely

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: difficulties

text: in

text: precisely

text: measuring

text: B

text: but

text: the

text: value

text: for

text: protons

text: in

text: water

text: at

text: C

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: better

text: than

text: one

text: part

text: per

text: million

text: The

text: protons

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: shielded

text: from

text: the

text: applied

text: magnetic

text: field

text: by

text: the

text: electrons

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: molecule

text: the

text: same

text: effect

text: that

text: gives

text: rise

text: to

text: chemical

text: shift

text: in

text: NMR

text: spectroscopy

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: indicated

text: by

text: a

text: prime

text: on

text: the

text: symbol

text: for

text: the

text: gyromagnetic

text: ratio

text: γ′p

text: The

text: gyromagnetic

text: ratio

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: shielded

text: proton

text: magnetic

text: moment

text: μ′p

text: the

text: spin

text: number

text: I

text: I

text: for

text: protons

text: and

text: the

text: reduced

text: Planck

text: constant

question: The gyromagnetic ratio is the constant proportion between the magentic field and what?

answer: the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance

text: the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance

question: How does the water molecule impact the effect of magnetic fields on protons?

answer: The protons are said to be "shielded" from the applied magnetic field by the electrons in the water molecule

text: The protons are said to be "shielded" from the applied magnetic field by the electrons in the water molecule

question: What three factors impact the gyromagnetic ratio?

answer: related to the shielded proton magnetic moment μ′p, the spin number I (I = 1⁄2 for protons) and the reduced Planck constant.

text: related to the shielded proton magnetic moment μ′p, the spin number I (I = 1⁄2 for protons) and the reduced Planck constant.

question: The gyromagnetic ratio is often difficult to determine due to difficulty accurately determining the value of what?

answer: the applied magnetic field B

text: the applied magnetic field B

question: What ratio is the difference of proportionality between the frequency ν of nuclear magnetic resonance (or electron paramagnetic resonance for electrons) and the applied magnetic field?

text: gyromagnetic ratio

question: What three factors impact the gyroelectric ratio?

question: What is never related to the shielded proton magnetic moment?

text: gyromagnetic ratio

question: What effect is a the same effect that gives rise to chemical shift in KMR spectroscopy?