text: The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: The

text: technical

text: rules

text: for

text: the

text: Japanese

text: version

text: of

text: men

text: 's

text: rhythmic

text: gymnastics

text: came

text: around

text: the

text: For

text: individuals

text: only

text: four

text: types

text: of

text: apparatus

text: are

text: used

text: the

text: double

text: rings

text: the

text: stick

text: the

text: rope

text: and

text: the

text: clubs

text: Groups

text: do

text: not

text: use

text: any

text: apparatus

text: The

text: Japanese

text: version

text: includes

text: tumbling

text: performed

text: on

text: a

text: spring

text: floor

text: Points

text: are

text: awarded

text: based

text: a

text: scale

text: that

text: measures

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: tumbling

text: and

text: apparatus

text: handling

text: On

text: November

text: Japan

text: hosted

text: first

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Men

text: 's

text: Rhythmic

text: Gymnastics

text: World

text: Championship

question: When were the technical rules for the Japanses version of men's rhythmic gymnastics formed?

answer: 1970s

question: How many apparatuses are used?

answer: only four types

text: only four types

question: What are the types of apparatuses used?

answer: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs

text: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs

question: What apparatuses do groups use?

answer: Groups do not use any apparatus

text: Groups do not use any apparatus

question: When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship?

answer: November 27–29, 2003

text: November 27–29, 2003

question: When did the technical rules for women's rhythmic gymnastics come around?

text: the 1970s

question: What does the Soviet version include?

text: tumbling performed on a spring floor

question: When did China first host the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship?

text: November 27–29, 2003

question: What apparatus types are only used in Japan?

question: Who hosted the first Gymnastics World Championship?

text: Japan


text: In the 21st century the most famous department store in Russia is GUM in Moscow, followed by TsUM and the Petrovsky Passage. Other popular stores are Mega (shopping malls), Stockmann, and Marks & Spencer. Media Markt, M-video, Technosila, and White Wind (Beliy Veter) sell large number of electronic devices. In St. Petersburg The Passage has been popular since the 1840s. 1956 Soviet film Behind Store Window (За витриной универмага) on YouTube depicts operation of a Moscow department store in 1950's.

title: Department_store

title: Department_store

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: Russia

text: is

text: GUM

text: in

text: Moscow

text: followed

text: by

text: TsUM

text: and

text: the

text: Petrovsky

text: Passage

text: Other

text: popular

text: stores

text: are

text: Mega

text: shopping

text: malls

text: Stockmann

text: and

text: Marks

text: Spencer

text: Media

text: Markt

text: M

text: video

text: Technosila

text: and

text: White

text: Wind

text: Beliy

text: Veter

text: sell

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: electronic

text: devices

text: In

text: St.

text: Petersburg

text: The

text: Passage

text: has

text: been

text: popular

text: since

text: the

text: Soviet

text: film

text: Behind

text: Store

text: Window

text: За

text: витриной

text: универмага

text: on

text: YouTube

text: depicts

text: operation

text: of

text: a

text: Moscow

text: department

text: store

text: in

text: 's

question: Where is the most notable Russian department store located?

answer: Moscow

text: Moscow

question: In what city is the Passage located?

answer: St. Petersburg

text: St. Petersburg

question: What movie demonstrates the operation of department stores in the former Soviet Union?

answer: Behind Store Window

text: Behind Store Window

question: When was the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed?

answer: 1956

question: Where is the least notable Russian department store located?

text: Moscow

question: Where is the most notable Russian department store not located?

text: Moscow

question: In what city isn't the Passage located?

text: St. Petersburg

question: What movie demonstrates the operation of department stores in the current Soviet Union?

text: Behind Store Window

question: When wasn't the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed?


text: The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: first

text: documented

text: visit

text: by

text: a

text: European

text: was

text: in

text: by

text: Giovanni

text: da

text: Verrazzano

text: a

text: Florentine

text: explorer

text: in

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: crown

text: who

text: sailed

text: his

text: ship

text: La

text: Dauphine

text: into

text: New

text: York

text: Harbor

text: He

text: claimed

text: the

text: area

text: for

text: France

text: and

text: named

text: it

text: Nouvelle

text: Angoulême

text: New

text: Angoulême

question: In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area?

answer: 1524

question: What was the name of the first European who arrived in the New York area?

answer: Giovanni da Verrazzano

text: Giovanni da Verrazzano

question: What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship?

answer: La Dauphine

text: La Dauphine

question: What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve?

answer: France

text: France

question: What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area when he staked claim on it?

answer: Nouvelle Angoulême

text: Nouvelle Angoulême

question: When was the first European to visit the area of NYC?

answer: 1524

question: Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what?

answer: La Dauphine

text: La Dauphine

question: Giovani da Verrazzano was an explorer from which country?

answer: France

text: France


text: The priesthoods of public religion were held by members of the elite classes. There was no principle analogous to separation of church and state in ancient Rome. During the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), the same men who were elected public officials might also serve as augurs and pontiffs. Priests married, raised families, and led politically active lives. Julius Caesar became pontifex maximus before he was elected consul. The augurs read the will of the gods and supervised the marking of boundaries as a reflection of universal order, thus sanctioning Roman expansionism as a matter of divine destiny. The Roman triumph was at its core a religious procession in which the victorious general displayed his piety and his willingness to serve the public good by dedicating a portion of his spoils to the gods, especially Jupiter, who embodied just rule. As a result of the Punic Wars (264–146 BC), when Rome struggled to establish itself as a dominant power, many new temples were built by magistrates in fulfillment of a vow to a deity for assuring their military success.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: The

text: priesthoods

text: of

text: public

text: religion

text: were

text: held

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: elite

text: classes

text: There

text: was

text: no

text: principle

text: analogous

text: to

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: in

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: During

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: BC

text: the

text: same

text: men

text: who

text: were

text: elected

text: public

text: officials

text: might

text: also

text: serve

text: as

text: augurs

text: and

text: pontiffs

text: Priests

text: married

text: raised

text: families

text: and

text: led

text: politically

text: active

text: lives

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: became

text: pontifex

text: maximus

text: before

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: consul

text: The

text: augurs

text: read

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: and

text: supervised

text: the

text: marking

text: of

text: boundaries

text: as

text: a

text: reflection

text: of

text: universal

text: order

text: thus

text: sanctioning

text: Roman

text: expansionism

text: as

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: divine

text: destiny

text: The

text: Roman

text: triumph

text: was

text: at

text: its

text: core

text: a

text: religious

text: procession

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: victorious

text: general

text: displayed

text: his

text: piety

text: and

text: his

text: willingness

text: to

text: serve

text: the

text: public

text: good

text: by

text: dedicating

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: his

text: spoils

text: to

text: the

text: gods

text: especially

text: Jupiter

text: who

text: embodied

text: just

text: rule

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Punic

text: Wars

text: BC

text: when

text: Rome

text: struggled

text: to

text: establish

text: itself

text: as

text: a

text: dominant

text: power

text: many

text: new

text: temples

text: were

text: built

text: by

text: magistrates

text: in

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: a

text: vow

text: to

text: a

text: deity

text: for

text: assuring

text: their

text: military

text: success

question: The members of what class were priests in ancient Rome?

answer: elite

text: elite

question: What kind of political separation did not exist in Rome?

answer: church and state

text: church and state

question: What was the time span of the Roman Republic?

answer: 509–27 BC

text: 509–27 BC

question: Which God exemplified just rule for the Romans?

answer: Jupiter

text: Jupiter

question: As a result of what war were many new temples built by victorious generals?

answer: Punic Wars

text: Punic Wars


text: On December 16, 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until March 31, 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to compressed natural gas by March 1, 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: On

text: December

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: India

text: mandated

text: several

text: restrictions

text: on

text: Delhi

text: 's

text: transportation

text: system

text: to

text: curb

text: pollution

text: Among

text: the

text: measures

text: the

text: court

text: ordered

text: to

text: stop

text: registrations

text: of

text: diesel

text: cars

text: and

text: sport

text: utility

text: vehicles

text: with

text: an

text: engine

text: capacity

text: of

text: cc

text: and

text: over

text: until

text: March

text: The

text: court

text: also

text: ordered

text: all

text: taxis

text: in

text: the

text: Delhi

text: region

text: to

text: switch

text: to

text: compressed

text: natural

text: gas

text: by

text: March

text: Transportation

text: vehicles

text: that

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: old

text: were

text: banned

text: from

text: entering

text: the

text: capital

question: On what date did the Supreme Court of India enact restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to reduce pollution?

answer: December 16, 2015

text: December 16, 2015

question: The Supreme Court restricted registration of some vehicles with engines of 2000 cc and over until what date?

answer: March 31, 2016

text: March 31, 2016

question: All taxis in Delhi were ordered to switch to what type of fuel by March 1, 2016?

answer: compressed natural gas

text: compressed natural gas

question: Which transportation vehicles were banned from entering New Delhi?

answer: vehicles that are more than 10 years old

text: vehicles that are more than 10 years old

question: New restrictions on New Delhi's transportation system were enacted by the Supreme Court to accomplish what goal?

answer: curb pollution

text: curb pollution


text: The term "Great Plains", for the region west of about the 96th or 98th meridian and east of the Rocky Mountains, was not generally used before the early 20th century. Nevin Fenneman's 1916 study, Physiographic Subdivision of the United States, brought the term Great Plains into more widespread usage. Before that the region was almost invariably called the High Plains, in contrast to the lower Prairie Plains of the Midwestern states. Today the term "High Plains" is used for a subregion of the Great Plains.

title: Great_Plains

title: Great_Plains

text: The

text: term

text: Great

text: Plains

text: for

text: the

text: region

text: west

text: of

text: about

text: the

text: or

text: meridian

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: was

text: not

text: generally

text: used

text: before

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Nevin

text: Fenneman

text: 's

text: study

text: Physiographic

text: Subdivision

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: brought

text: the

text: term

text: Great

text: Plains

text: into

text: more

text: widespread

text: usage

text: Before

text: that

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: almost

text: invariably

text: called

text: the

text: High

text: Plains

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: lower

text: Prairie

text: Plains

text: of

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: states

text: Today

text: the

text: term

text: High

text: Plains

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: a

text: subregion

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

question: what is the name of the region east of the Rocky Mountains?

answer: "Great Plains

text: "Great Plains

question: who brought the term great plains into widespread usage?

answer: Nevin Fenneman's

text: Nevin Fenneman's

question: what year was Nevin Fenneman's study?

answer: 1916

question: what was theregion called before "the great plans"?

answer: the High Plains

text: the High Plains

question: What region lies east of the 96th or 98th meridian?

text: Great Plains

question: Who came up with the term High Plains?

text: Nevin Fenneman

question: What area of states lie in the Great Plains?

text: Midwestern states

question: In what century did people start calling what we call the Great Plains the High Plains?

text: 20th century.


text: Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, despite the fact that Roman Catholicism was not the majority religion in Commonwealth (the Catholic and Orthodox churches each accounted for some 40% of all citizens population, with the remaining 20% being Jews or members of Protestant denominations). In the 18th century, many followers of Jacob Frank joined the ranks of Jewish-descended Polish gentry. Although Jewish religion wasn't usually a pretext to block or deprive of noble status, some laws favoured religious conversion from Judaism to Christianity (see: Neophyte) by rewarding it with ennoblement.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: Reformation

text: the

text: Polish

text: nobility

text: were

text: mostly

text: either

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: or

text: Orthodox

text: with

text: a

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: Muslims

text: Many

text: families

text: however

text: soon

text: adopted

text: the

text: Reformed

text: faiths

text: After

text: the

text: Counter

text: Reformation

text: when

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: regained

text: power

text: in

text: Poland

text: the

text: nobility

text: became

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: Catholic

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: majority

text: religion

text: in

text: Commonwealth

text: the

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Orthodox

text: churches

text: each

text: accounted

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: all

text: citizens

text: population

text: with

text: the

text: remaining

text: being

text: Jews

text: or

text: members

text: of

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: many

text: followers

text: of

text: Jacob

text: Frank

text: joined

text: the

text: ranks

text: of

text: Jewish

text: descended

text: Polish

text: gentry

text: Although

text: Jewish

text: religion

text: was

text: n't

text: usually

text: a

text: pretext

text: to

text: block

text: or

text: deprive

text: of

text: noble

text: status

text: some

text: laws

text: favoured

text: religious

text: conversion

text: from

text: Judaism

text: to

text: Christianity

text: see

text: Neophyte

text: by

text: rewarding

text: it

text: with

text: ennoblement

question: What two religions were most common?

answer: Roman Catholic or Orthodox

text: Roman Catholic or Orthodox

question: What was the minority group in the polish nobility?

answer: Muslims

text: Muslims

question: What was rewarding for switching judiasm to christianity?

answer: ennoblement

text: ennoblement

question: What happened after the roman catholic church regained power in Poland?

answer: the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic

text: the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic

question: What was the smallest amount of religion in the noble?

answer: Jews

text: Jews


text: In the aftermath, all power was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown, which began to administer most of India as a number of provinces. The Crown controlled the Company's lands directly and had considerable indirect influence over the rest of India, which consisted of the Princely states ruled by local royal families. There were officially 565 princely states in 1947, but only 21 had actual state governments, and only three were large (Mysore, Hyderabad and Kashmir). They were absorbed into the independent nation in 1947–48.

title: History_of_India

title: History_of_India

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: all

text: power

text: was

text: transferred

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: which

text: began

text: to

text: administer

text: most

text: of

text: India

text: as

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: provinces

text: The

text: Crown

text: controlled

text: the

text: Company

text: 's

text: lands

text: directly

text: and

text: had

text: considerable

text: indirect

text: influence

text: over

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: India

text: which

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: Princely

text: states

text: ruled

text: by

text: local

text: royal

text: families

text: There

text: were

text: officially

text: princely

text: states

text: in

text: but

text: only

text: had

text: actual

text: state

text: governments

text: and

text: only

text: three

text: were

text: large

text: Mysore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: They

text: were

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

question: To what entity was all the power of the East India Company transferred?

answer: British Crown

text: British Crown

question: How did Britain govern the vast area of India?

answer: provinces

text: provinces

question: Over what did Britain have direct control?

answer: Company's lands

text: Company's lands

question: What kind of influence did the British Crown have over the rest of India that was not under Company rule?

answer: indirect influence

text: indirect influence

question: How many princely states were there in India in 1947?

answer: 565


text: On December 19, 2006, ESPN announced the purchase of a minority stake in the AFL. This deal included television rights for the ESPN family of networks. ESPN would televise a minimum of 17 regular season games, most on Monday nights, and nine playoff games, including ArenaBowl XXI on ABC. The deal resulted in added exposure on ESPN's SportsCenter. However, after the original AFL filed for bankruptcy, this arrangement did not carry over to the new AFL, which is a separate legal entity.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: On

text: December

text: ESPN

text: announced

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: a

text: minority

text: stake

text: in

text: the

text: AFL

text: This

text: deal

text: included

text: television

text: rights

text: for

text: the

text: ESPN

text: family

text: of

text: networks

text: ESPN

text: would

text: televise

text: a

text: minimum

text: of

text: regular

text: season

text: games

text: most

text: on

text: Monday

text: nights

text: and

text: nine

text: playoff

text: games

text: including

text: ArenaBowl

text: XXI

text: on

text: ABC

text: The

text: deal

text: resulted

text: in

text: added

text: exposure

text: on

text: ESPN

text: 's

text: SportsCenter

text: However

text: after

text: the

text: original

text: AFL

text: filed

text: for

text: bankruptcy

text: this

text: arrangement

text: did

text: not

text: carry

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: AFL

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: separate

text: legal

text: entity

question: On what date did ESPN buy a minority share of the AFL?

answer: December 19, 2006

text: December 19, 2006

question: At minimum, how many regular season games did the AFL agree to broadcast?

answer: 17

question: On what day would most of the games televised on the ESPN networks be played?

answer: Monday

text: Monday

question: What network broadcast ArenaBowl XXI?

answer: ABC

text: ABC

question: Under the deal, how many AFL playoff games did ESPN broadcast each year?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874. He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed. Later he lived in the USA, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris.

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

title: Incandescent_light_bulb

text: In

text: Russian

text: Alexander

text: Lodygin

text: invented

text: an

text: incandescent

text: light

text: bulb

text: and

text: obtained

text: a

text: Russian

text: patent

text: in

text: He

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: burner

text: two

text: carbon

text: rods

text: of

text: diminished

text: section

text: in

text: a

text: glass

text: receiver

text: hermetically

text: sealed

text: and

text: filled

text: with

text: nitrogen

text: electrically

text: arranged

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: current

text: could

text: be

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: carbon

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: had

text: been

text: consumed

text: Later

text: he

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: USA

text: changed

text: his

text: name

text: to

text: Alexander

text: de

text: Lodyguine

text: and

text: applied

text: and

text: obtained

text: patents

text: for

text: incandescent

text: lamps

text: having

text: chromium

text: iridium

text: rhodium

text: ruthenium

text: osmium

text: molybdenum

text: and

text: tungsten

text: filaments

text: and

text: a

text: bulb

text: using

text: a

text: molybdenum

text: filament

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: at

text: the

text: world

text: fair

text: of

text: in

text: Paris

question: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874?

answer: Alexander Lodygin

text: Alexander Lodygin

question: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp?

answer: two carbon rods

text: two carbon rods

question: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair?

answer: 1900

question: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA?

answer: Alexander de Lodyguine

text: Alexander de Lodyguine

question: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?

answer: 1872

question: Who did not patent an incandescent light bulb in 1872?

text: Alexander Lodygin

question: Who did not demonstrate at the world fair in 1900 in Paris?

text: Alexander de Lodyguine

question: When did Anxander Lodygin change his name?

question: Who invented his first lamp in the 1700's?

text: Alexander Lodygin

question: What did Lodygin not use as a burner in his lamp?

text: two carbon rods


text: Along with four other scientists and various military personnel, von Neumann was included in the target selection committee responsible for choosing the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the first targets of the atomic bomb. Von Neumann oversaw computations related to the expected size of the bomb blasts, estimated death tolls, and the distance above the ground at which the bombs should be detonated for optimum shock wave propagation and thus maximum effect. The cultural capital Kyoto, which had been spared the bombing inflicted upon militarily significant cities, was von Neumann's first choice, a selection seconded by Manhattan Project leader General Leslie Groves. However, this target was dismissed by Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Along

text: with

text: four

text: other

text: scientists

text: and

text: various

text: military

text: personnel

text: von

text: Neumann

text: was

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: target

text: selection

text: committee

text: responsible

text: for

text: choosing

text: the

text: Japanese

text: cities

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: targets

text: of

text: the

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: oversaw

text: computations

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: expected

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: bomb

text: blasts

text: estimated

text: death

text: tolls

text: and

text: the

text: distance

text: above

text: the

text: ground

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: bombs

text: should

text: be

text: detonated

text: for

text: optimum

text: shock

text: wave

text: propagation

text: and

text: thus

text: maximum

text: effect

text: The

text: cultural

text: capital

text: Kyoto

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: spared

text: the

text: bombing

text: inflicted

text: upon

text: militarily

text: significant

text: cities

text: was

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: first

text: choice

text: a

text: selection

text: seconded

text: by

text: Manhattan

text: Project

text: leader

text: General

text: Leslie

text: Groves

text: However

text: this

text: target

text: was

text: dismissed

text: by

text: Secretary

text: of

text: War

text: Henry

text: L.

text: Stimson

question: What other people worked with von Neumann on target selection?

answer: four other scientists and various military personnel

text: four other scientists and various military personnel

question: What role did von Neuman play in the selection of targets?

answer: oversaw computations

text: oversaw computations

question: What was von Neumann's first choice for target city?

answer: Kyoto

text: Kyoto

question: Who dismissed von Neuamann's primary target city?

answer: Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.

text: Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson.


text: Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970. All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Although

text: theoretically

text: a

text: collegial

text: body

text: operating

text: through

text: consensus

text: building

text: Gaddafi

text: dominated

text: the

text: RCC

text: although

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: others

text: attempted

text: to

text: constrain

text: what

text: they

text: saw

text: as

text: his

text: excesses

text: Gaddafi

text: remained

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: public

text: face

text: with

text: the

text: identities

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: RCC

text: members

text: only

text: being

text: publicly

text: revealed

text: on

text: January

text: All

text: young

text: men

text: from

text: typically

text: rural

text: working

text: and

text: middle

text: class

text: backgrounds

text: had

text: university

text: degrees

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: they

text: were

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: wealthy

text: highly

text: educated

text: conservatives

text: who

text: previously

text: governed

text: the

text: country

question: How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?

answer: All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees;

text: All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees;

question: Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?

answer: they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.

text: they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.

question: Whose face was most closely associated with Libya's new government?

answer: Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

question: Did everyone endorse Gaddafi?

answer: some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses

text: some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses

question: On what date were the members of the RCC announced?

answer: 10 January 1970

text: 10 January 1970

question: How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?

answer: none

question: What was the general age group of the members of the RCC?

answer: young

text: young

question: What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?

answer: men

text: men

question: Along with the working class, what was the class background of RCC members?

answer: middle

text: middle


text: In 1978, she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City. She had little money and worked as a waitress at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes, taking classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and eventually performing with Pear Lang Dance Theater. Madonna said of her move to New York, "It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab. I came here with $35 in my pocket. It was the bravest thing I'd ever done." She started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists. Madonna claimed that during a late night she was returning from a rehearsal, when a pair of men held her at knifepoint and forced her to perform fellatio. Madonna later commented that "the episode was a taste of my weakness, it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show. I could never forget it."

title: Madonna_(entertainer)

title: Madonna_(entertainer

text: In

text: she

text: dropped

text: out

text: of

text: college

text: and

text: relocated

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: She

text: had

text: little

text: money

text: and

text: worked

text: as

text: a

text: waitress

text: at

text: Dunkin

text: Donuts

text: and

text: with

text: modern

text: dance

text: troupes

text: taking

text: classes

text: at

text: the

text: Alvin

text: Ailey

text: American

text: Dance

text: Theater

text: and

text: eventually

text: performing

text: with

text: Pear

text: Lang

text: Dance

text: Theater

text: Madonna

text: said

text: of

text: her

text: move

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: I

text: 'd

text: ever

text: taken

text: a

text: plane

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: I

text: 'd

text: ever

text: gotten

text: a

text: taxi

text: cab

text: I

text: came

text: here

text: with

text: in

text: my

text: pocket

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: bravest

text: thing

text: I

text: 'd

text: ever

text: done

text: She

text: started

text: to

text: work

text: as

text: a

text: backup

text: dancer

text: for

text: other

text: established

text: artists

text: Madonna

text: claimed

text: that

text: during

text: a

text: late

text: night

text: she

text: was

text: returning

text: from

text: a

text: rehearsal

text: when

text: a

text: pair

text: of

text: men

text: held

text: her

text: at

text: knifepoint

text: and

text: forced

text: her

text: to

text: perform

text: fellatio

text: Madonna

text: later

text: commented

text: that

text: the

text: episode

text: was

text: a

text: taste

text: of

text: my

text: weakness

text: it

text: showed

text: me

text: that

text: I

text: still

text: could

text: not

text: save

text: myself

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: strong

text: girl

text: show

text: I

text: could

text: never

text: forget

text: it

question: When did Madonna drop out of college?

answer: 1978

question: Which restaurant did Madonna work in New York City?

answer: Dunkin' Donuts

text: Dunkin' Donuts

question: Where did Madonna take dance classes at in New York City?

answer: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

text: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

question: How much did Madonna have when she first went to NYC?

answer: $35

question: What did she also work as for other established artists?

answer: backup dancer

text: backup dancer


text: Near the end of the first decade of the double-Bills' guidance, the Cubs won the NL pennant in 1929 and then achieved the unusual feat of winning a pennant every three years, following up the 1929 flag with league titles in 1932, 1935, and 1938. Unfortunately, their success did not extend to the Fall Classic, as they fell to their AL rivals each time. The '32 series against the Yankees featured Babe Ruth's "called shot" at Wrigley Field in Game 3. There were some historic moments for the Cubs as well; In 1930, Hack Wilson, one of the top home run hitters in the game, had one of the most impressive seasons in MLB history, hitting 56 home runs and establishing the current runs-batted-in record of 191. That 1930 club, which boasted six eventual Hall of Famers (Wilson, Gabby Hartnett, Rogers Hornsby, George "High Pockets" Kelly, Kiki Cuyler and manager Joe McCarthy) established the current team batting average record of .309. In 1935 the Cubs claimed the pennant in thrilling fashion, winning a record 21 games in a row in September. The '38 club saw Dizzy Dean lead the team's pitching staff and provided a historic moment when they won a crucial late-season game at Wrigley Field over the Pittsburgh Pirates with a walk-off home run by Gabby Hartnett, which became known in baseball lore as "The Homer in the Gloamin'".

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: Bills

text: guidance

text: the

text: Cubs

text: won

text: the

text: NL

text: pennant

text: in

text: and

text: then

text: achieved

text: the

text: unusual

text: feat

text: of

text: winning

text: a

text: pennant

text: every

text: three

text: years

text: following

text: up

text: the

text: flag

text: with

text: league

text: titles

text: in

text: and

text: Unfortunately

text: their

text: success

text: did

text: not

text: extend

text: to

text: the

text: Fall

text: Classic

text: as

text: they

text: fell

text: to

text: their

text: AL

text: rivals

text: each

text: time

text: The

text: series

text: against

text: the

text: Yankees

text: featured

text: Babe

text: Ruth

text: 's

text: called

text: shot

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: in

text: Game

text: There

text: were

text: some

text: historic

text: moments

text: for

text: the

text: Cubs

text: as

text: well

text: In

text: Hack

text: Wilson

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: home

text: run

text: hitters

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: had

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: impressive

text: seasons

text: in

text: MLB

text: history

text: hitting

text: home

text: runs

text: and

text: establishing

text: the

text: current

text: runs

text: batted

text: in

text: record

text: of

text: That

text: club

text: which

text: boasted

text: six

text: eventual

text: Hall

text: of

text: Famers

text: Wilson

text: Gabby

text: Hartnett

text: Rogers

text: Hornsby

text: George

text: High

text: Pockets

text: Kelly

text: Kiki

text: Cuyler

text: and

text: manager

text: Joe

text: McCarthy

text: established

text: the

text: current

text: team

text: batting

text: average

text: record

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: Cubs

text: claimed

text: the

text: pennant

text: in

text: thrilling

text: fashion

text: winning

text: a

text: record

text: games

text: in

text: a

text: row

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: club

text: saw

text: Dizzy

text: Dean

text: lead

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: pitching

text: staff

text: and

text: provided

text: a

text: historic

text: moment

text: when

text: they

text: won

text: a

text: crucial

text: late

text: season

text: game

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: over

text: the

text: Pittsburgh

text: Pirates

text: with

text: a

text: walk

text: off

text: home

text: run

text: by

text: Gabby

text: Hartnett

text: which

text: became

text: known

text: in

text: baseball

text: lore

text: as

text: The

text: Homer

text: in

text: the

text: Gloamin

question: What year did Hack Wilson have one of the most impressive seasons in MLB history?

answer: 1930

question: How many games in a row did the Cubs win in a row during 1935?

answer: 21

question: What year did the Cubs win the NL pennant?

answer: 1929


text: In 1943, at the age of 16, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944. In February 1945, she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as an honorary second subaltern with the service number of 230873. She trained as a driver and mechanic and was promoted to honorary junior commander five months later.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: In

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Elizabeth

text: undertook

text: her

text: first

text: solo

text: public

text: appearance

text: on

text: a

text: visit

text: to

text: the

text: Grenadier

text: Guards

text: of

text: which

text: she

text: had

text: been

text: appointed

text: colonel

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: As

text: she

text: approached

text: her

text: birthday

text: parliament

text: changed

text: the

text: law

text: so

text: that

text: she

text: could

text: act

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: Counsellors

text: of

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: incapacity

text: or

text: absence

text: abroad

text: such

text: as

text: his

text: visit

text: to

text: Italy

text: in

text: July

text: In

text: February

text: she

text: joined

text: the

text: Women

text: 's

text: Auxiliary

text: Territorial

text: Service

text: as

text: an

text: honorary

text: second

text: subaltern

text: with

text: the

text: service

text: number

text: of

text: She

text: trained

text: as

text: a

text: driver

text: and

text: mechanic

text: and

text: was

text: promoted

text: to

text: honorary

text: junior

text: commander

text: five

text: months

text: later

question: At what age was Elizabeth when she went on her first solo public appearance?

answer: 16

question: Where did Elizabeth visit on her first solo public appearance?

answer: Grenadier Guards

text: Grenadier Guards

question: In case of her father's absence, in what capacity could Elizabeth act?

answer: Counsellors of State

text: Counsellors of State

question: When did Elizabeth join the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service?

answer: February 1945

text: February 1945

question: In what capacity did Elizabeth serve in the Auxiliary?

answer: driver and mechanic

text: driver and mechanic

question: In what year was the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service started?

question: In what year was the Grenadier Guards started?

question: How old was Elizabeth in July 1944?

question: How old was Elizabeth in February 1945?


text: Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an increased separation of the 'design' architect [Notes 1] from the 'project' architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability.[Notes 2] The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many. Modernism and Postmodernism have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments, with the design process being informed by studies of behavioral, environmental, and social sciences.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: Since

text: the

text: as

text: the

text: complexity

text: of

text: buildings

text: began

text: to

text: increase

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: structural

text: systems

text: services

text: energy

text: and

text: technologies

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: architecture

text: became

text: multi

text: disciplinary

text: with

text: specializations

text: for

text: each

text: project

text: type

text: technological

text: expertise

text: or

text: project

text: delivery

text: methods

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: increased

text: separation

text: of

text: the

text: design

text: architect

text: Notes

text: from

text: the

text: project

text: architect

text: who

text: ensures

text: that

text: the

text: project

text: meets

text: the

text: required

text: standards

text: and

text: deals

text: with

text: matters

text: of

text: liability.[Notes

text: The

text: preparatory

text: processes

text: for

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: any

text: large

text: building

text: have

text: become

text: increasingly

text: complicated

text: and

text: require

text: preliminary

text: studies

text: of

text: such

text: matters

text: as

text: durability

text: sustainability

text: quality

text: money

text: and

text: compliance

text: with

text: local

text: laws

text: A

text: large

text: structure

text: can

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: one

text: person

text: but

text: must

text: be

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: many

text: Modernism

text: and

text: Postmodernism

text: have

text: been

text: criticised

text: by

text: some

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: architectural

text: profession

text: who

text: feel

text: that

text: successful

text: architecture

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: personal

text: philosophical

text: or

text: aesthetic

text: pursuit

text: by

text: individualists

text: rather

text: it

text: has

text: to

text: consider

text: everyday

text: needs

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: use

text: technology

text: to

text: create

text: liveable

text: environments

text: with

text: the

text: design

text: process

text: being

text: informed

text: by

text: studies

text: of

text: behavioral

text: environmental

text: and

text: social

text: sciences

question: About when did architecture begin specializing?

answer: Since the 1980s

text: Since the 1980s

question: Who can no longer design a large structure?

answer: one person

text: one person

question: What two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality?

answer: Modernism and Postmodernism

text: Modernism and Postmodernism

question: About when did architecture stop specializing?

question: What happened before the 1980s?

question: When did complexity of buildings began to decrease?

question: What two architectural movements have never faced criticism for their focus on individuality?

text: Modernism and Postmodernism


text: The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography. Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on the mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild. Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley which serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. The river used to flow into San Diego Bay and its fresh water was the focus of the earliest Spanish explorers.[citation needed] Several reservoirs and Mission Trails Regional Park also lie between and separate developed areas of the city.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: The

text: city

text: lies

text: on

text: approximately

text: deep

text: canyons

text: and

text: hills

text: separating

text: its

text: mesas

text: creating

text: small

text: pockets

text: of

text: natural

text: open

text: space

text: scattered

text: throughout

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: giving

text: it

text: a

text: hilly

text: geography

text: Traditionally

text: San

text: Diegans

text: have

text: built

text: their

text: homes

text: and

text: businesses

text: on

text: the

text: mesas

text: while

text: leaving

text: the

text: urban

text: canyons

text: relatively

text: wild

text: Thus

text: the

text: canyons

text: give

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: a

text: segmented

text: feel

text: creating

text: gaps

text: between

text: otherwise

text: proximate

text: neighborhoods

text: and

text: contributing

text: to

text: a

text: low

text: density

text: car

text: centered

text: environment

text: The

text: San

text: Diego

text: River

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: from

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: creating

text: a

text: river

text: valley

text: which

text: serves

text: to

text: divide

text: the

text: city

text: into

text: northern

text: and

text: southern

text: segments

text: The

text: river

text: used

text: to

text: flow

text: into

text: San

text: Diego

text: Bay

text: and

text: its

text: fresh

text: water

text: was

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: Spanish

text: explorers.[citation

text: needed

text: Several

text: reservoirs

text: and

text: Mission

text: Trails

text: Regional

text: Park

text: also

text: lie

text: between

text: and

text: separate

text: developed

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: city

question: In what direction does the San Diego River run through the city?

answer: east to west

text: east to west

question: What bodies of water can be found separating different developed areas of the city?

answer: reservoirs

text: reservoirs

question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Diego?

answer: small pockets of natural open space

text: small pockets of natural open space

question: What divides the city's northern and southern segments?

answer: San Diego River

text: San Diego River

question: Where did the San Diego River once flow to?

answer: San Diego Bay

text: San Diego Bay

question: In what direction does the San Francisco River run through the city?

text: east to west

question: What bodies of water can't be found separating different developed areas of the city?

text: reservoirs

question: What is created by the many canyons and hills throughout San Francisco?

text: small pockets of natural open space

question: What divides the city's eastern and western segments?

text: The San Diego River

question: Where did the San Francisco River once flow to?

text: San Diego Bay


text: Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Bern

text: has

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: are

text: resident

text: foreign

text: nationals

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: population

text: changed

text: at

text: a

text: rate

text: of

text: Migration

text: accounted

text: for

text: while

text: births

text: and

text: deaths

text: accounted

text: for

question: What is the population of Bern?

answer: 140,634

question: What percent of the population are resident foreign nationals?

answer: 34%

question: What was the population change from 2000 and 2010?

answer: .6%

question: What counted for more of the population change?

answer: births and deaths

text: births and deaths


text: The pagan Slavic populations were Christianized between the 6th and 10th centuries. Orthodox Christianity is predominant in the East and South Slavs, while Roman Catholicism is predominant in West Slavs and the western South Slavs. The religious borders are largely comparable to the East–West Schism which began in the 11th century. The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are Orthodox, followed by Catholic, while a small minority are Protestant. There are minor Slavic Muslim groups. Religious delineations by nationality can be very sharp; usually in the Slavic ethnic groups the vast majority of religious people share the same religion. Some Slavs are atheist or agnostic: only 19% of Czechs professed belief in god/s in the 2005 Eurobarometer survey.

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: The

text: pagan

text: Slavic

text: populations

text: were

text: Christianized

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Orthodox

text: Christianity

text: is

text: predominant

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: South

text: Slavs

text: while

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: is

text: predominant

text: in

text: West

text: Slavs

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: South

text: Slavs

text: The

text: religious

text: borders

text: are

text: largely

text: comparable

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: West

text: Schism

text: which

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: contemporary

text: Slavic

text: populations

text: who

text: profess

text: a

text: religion

text: are

text: Orthodox

text: followed

text: by

text: Catholic

text: while

text: a

text: small

text: minority

text: are

text: Protestant

text: There

text: are

text: minor

text: Slavic

text: Muslim

text: groups

text: Religious

text: delineations

text: by

text: nationality

text: can

text: be

text: very

text: sharp

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: Slavic

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: religious

text: people

text: share

text: the

text: same

text: religion

text: Some

text: Slavs

text: are

text: atheist

text: or

text: agnostic

text: only

text: of

text: Czechs

text: professed

text: belief

text: in

text: god

text: s

text: in

text: the

text: Eurobarometer

text: survey

question: When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?

answer: between the 6th and 10th centuries

text: between the 6th and 10th centuries

question: What religion is predominant in the East and South Slavs?

answer: Orthodox Christianity

text: Orthodox Christianity

question: What religion is predominant in the West and western South Slavs?

answer: Roman Catholicism

text: Roman Catholicism

question: When did the East-West Schism begin?

answer: 11th century

text: 11th century

question: The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are what?

answer: Orthodox

text: Orthodox

question: What schism began in the 10th century?

text: the East–West Schism

question: Most of what populations are Muslim?

text: contemporary Slavic populations

question: What percentage of Slavs are atheist?

question: When did Slavic populations become more atheistic?

text: between the 6th and 10th centuries

question: What nationality is the Protestant religion common in?

text: Czechs


text: Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas).

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Buddhists

text: believe

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: achieve

text: enlightenment

text: in

text: this

text: Buddha

text: era

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: credited

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: A

text: Buddha

text: era

text: is

text: the

text: stretch

text: of

text: history

text: during

text: which

text: people

text: remember

text: and

text: practice

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: Buddha

text: This

text: Buddha

text: era

text: will

text: end

text: when

text: all

text: the

text: knowledge

text: evidence

text: and

text: teachings

text: of

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: have

text: vanished

text: This

text: belief

text: therefore

text: maintains

text: that

text: many

text: Buddha

text: eras

text: have

text: started

text: and

text: ended

text: throughout

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: human

text: existence.[web

text: The

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: therefore

text: is

text: the

text: Buddha

text: of

text: this

text: era

text: who

text: taught

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: to

text: all

text: other

text: Buddhas

text: in

text: it

text: see

text: types

text: of

text: Buddhas

question: Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first?

answer: Gautama Buddha

text: Gautama Buddha

question: What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha?

answer: A Buddha era

text: A Buddha era

question: Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era?

answer: Gautama Buddha

text: Gautama Buddha

question: Who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas?

answer: Gautama Buddha

text: Gautama Buddha


text: The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants. However, the archaeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5300 – 4700 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian people who settled here farmed the lands in this region that were made fertile by silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: The

text: Sumerians

text: were

text: a

text: non

text: Semitic

text: caucasoid

text: people

text: and

text: spoke

text: a

text: language

text: isolate

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: linguists

text: believed

text: they

text: could

text: detect

text: a

text: substrate

text: language

text: beneath

text: Sumerian

text: because

text: names

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: Sumer

text: 's

text: major

text: cities

text: are

text: not

text: Sumerian

text: revealing

text: influences

text: of

text: earlier

text: inhabitants

text: However

text: the

text: archaeological

text: record

text: shows

text: clear

text: uninterrupted

text: cultural

text: continuity

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Ubaid

text: period

text: BC

text: settlements

text: in

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: The

text: Sumerian

text: people

text: who

text: settled

text: here

text: farmed

text: the

text: lands

text: in

text: this

text: region

text: that

text: were

text: made

text: fertile

text: by

text: silt

text: deposited

text: by

text: the

text: Tigris

text: and

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: rivers

question: Who were a non-Semitic caucasoid people?

answer: The Sumerians

text: The Sumerians

question: What influences did the Sumerian language seem to retain?

answer: earlier inhabitants

text: earlier inhabitants

question: What do archaeological records clearly show about the Sumerian culture?

answer: uninterrupted cultural continuity

text: uninterrupted cultural continuity

question: When were settlements started in southern Mesopotamia?

answer: early Ubaid period

text: early Ubaid period

question: Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile?

answer: silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers

text: silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers

question: What people were Semitic Caucasoid?

text: The Sumerians

question: What period began in the 53rd century?

text: Ubaid period

question: Where did people fish in the Ubaid period?

text: Tigris and the Euphrates rivers


text: Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votive deposits to the noble dead of Latium and Rome suggest elaborate and costly funeral offerings and banquets in the company of the deceased, an expectation of afterlife and their association with the gods. As Roman society developed, its Republican nobility tended to invest less in spectacular funerals and extravagant housing for their dead, and more on monumental endowments to the community, such as the donation of a temple or public building whose donor was commemorated by his statue and inscribed name. Persons of low or negligible status might receive simple burial, with such grave goods as relatives could afford.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Roman

text: beliefs

text: about

text: an

text: afterlife

text: varied

text: and

text: are

text: known

text: mostly

text: for

text: the

text: educated

text: elite

text: who

text: expressed

text: their

text: views

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: their

text: chosen

text: philosophy

text: The

text: traditional

text: care

text: of

text: the

text: dead

text: however

text: and

text: the

text: perpetuation

text: after

text: death

text: of

text: their

text: status

text: in

text: life

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: archaic

text: practices

text: of

text: Roman

text: religion

text: Ancient

text: votive

text: deposits

text: to

text: the

text: noble

text: dead

text: of

text: Latium

text: and

text: Rome

text: suggest

text: elaborate

text: and

text: costly

text: funeral

text: offerings

text: and

text: banquets

text: in

text: the

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: deceased

text: an

text: expectation

text: of

text: afterlife

text: and

text: their

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: gods

text: As

text: Roman

text: society

text: developed

text: its

text: Republican

text: nobility

text: tended

text: to

text: invest

text: less

text: in

text: spectacular

text: funerals

text: and

text: extravagant

text: housing

text: for

text: their

text: dead

text: and

text: more

text: on

text: monumental

text: endowments

text: to

text: the

text: community

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: donation

text: of

text: a

text: temple

text: or

text: public

text: building

text: whose

text: donor

text: was

text: commemorated

text: by

text: his

text: statue

text: and

text: inscribed

text: name

text: Persons

text: of

text: low

text: or

text: negligible

text: status

text: might

text: receive

text: simple

text: burial

text: with

text: such

text: grave

text: goods

text: as

text: relatives

text: could

text: afford

question: From what source does information of Roman thought about the afterlife come?

answer: educated elite

text: educated elite

question: What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead?

answer: archaic

text: archaic

question: What did the ancient Romans expect after death?

answer: afterlife

text: afterlife

question: With whom did the  early Romans expect to associate?

answer: gods

text: gods

question: What did later Romans invest in rather than grave offerings?

answer: monumental endowments

text: monumental endowments


text: Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Wood

text: has

text: a

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: being

text: used

text: as

text: fuel

text: which

text: continues

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: mostly

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Hardwood

text: is

text: preferred

text: over

text: softwood

text: because

text: it

text: creates

text: less

text: smoke

text: and

text: burns

text: longer

text: Adding

text: a

text: woodstove

text: or

text: fireplace

text: to

text: a

text: home

text: is

text: often

text: felt

text: to

text: add

text: ambiance

text: and

text: warmth

question: What type of wood is preferred as fuel?

answer: Hardwood

text: Hardwood

question: What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood?

answer: softwood

text: softwood

question: What type of areas use more wood for fuel?

answer: rural

text: rural

question: What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?

answer: warmth

text: warmth


text: Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its revelation of the true nature of all things as dukkha (unsatisfactoriness), anicca (impermanence) and anatta (not-self). Prajñā is also listed as the sixth of the six pāramitās of the Mahayana.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Prajñā

text: Sanskrit

text: or

text: paññā

text: Pāli

text: means

text: wisdom

text: that

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: a

text: realization

text: of

text: dependent

text: origination

text: The

text: Four

text: Noble

text: Truths

text: and

text: the

text: three

text: marks

text: of

text: existence

text: Prajñā

text: is

text: the

text: wisdom

text: that

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: extinguish

text: afflictions

text: and

text: bring

text: about

text: bodhi

text: It

text: is

text: spoken

text: of

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: means

text: of

text: attaining

text: nirvāṇa

text: through

text: its

text: revelation

text: of

text: the

text: true

text: nature

text: of

text: all

text: things

text: as

text: dukkha

text: unsatisfactoriness

text: anicca

text: impermanence

text: and

text: anatta

text: not

text: self

text: Prajñā

text: is

text: also

text: listed

text: as

text: the

text: sixth

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: pāramitās

text: of

text: the

text: Mahayana

question: How many Noble Truths are there?

answer: Four

text: Four

question: Prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what?

answer: bodhi

text: bodhi

question: What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana?

answer: Prajñā

text: Prajñā


text: In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: In

text: chemical

text: terms

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: hardwood

text: and

text: softwood

text: is

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: constituent

text: lignin

text: Hardwood

text: lignin

text: is

text: primarily

text: derived

text: from

text: sinapyl

text: alcohol

text: and

text: coniferyl

text: alcohol

text: Softwood

text: lignin

text: is

text: mainly

text: derived

text: from

text: coniferyl

text: alcohol

question: What component of wood determines whether it is hardwood or softwood?

answer: lignin

text: lignin

question: Which wood has lignin that comes primarily from one type of alcohol?

answer: Softwood

text: Softwood

question: Which type of alcohol mainly becomes softwood lignin?

answer: coniferyl

text: coniferyl

question: In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin?

answer: sinapyl

text: sinapyl

question: Which kind of wood contains lignin derived from two main alcohol sources?

answer: Hardwood

text: Hardwood


text: The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools. The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Public

text: Schools

text: system

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Department

text: of

text: Education

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: public

text: school

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: serving

text: about

text: million

text: students

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: separate

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: public

text: school

text: system

text: includes

text: nine

text: specialized

text: high

text: schools

text: to

text: serve

text: academically

text: and

text: artistically

text: gifted

text: students

question: What city department runs the public school system?

answer: New York City Department of Education

text: New York City Department of Education

question: How many students are in New York City public schools?

answer: 1.1 million

text: 1.1 million

question: About how many public schools are there in New York City?

answer: 1,700

question: How many high schools for gifted students does New York City have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: How many students regularly attend schools in NYC?

answer: 1.1 million

text: 1.1 million

question: How many highschools are specialized in NYC?

answer: nine

text: nine


text: At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Aussa

text: Sultanate

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Denkel

text: lowlands

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: The

text: polity

text: had

text: come

text: into

text: existence

text: in

text: when

text: Muhammed

text: Jasa

text: moved

text: his

text: capital

text: from

text: Harar

text: to

text: Aussa

text: Asaita

text: with

text: the

text: split

text: of

text: the

text: Adal

text: Sultanate

text: into

text: Aussa

text: and

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Harar

text: At

text: some

text: point

text: after

text: Aussa

text: declined

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: Imam

text: Umar

text: Din

text: bin

text: Adam

text: 's

text: recorded

text: ascension

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: In

text: the

text: Afar

text: leader

text: Kedafu

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Mudaito

text: clan

text: seized

text: power

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Mudaito

text: Dynasty

text: This

text: marked

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: and

text: more

text: sophisticated

text: polity

text: that

text: would

text: last

text: into

text: the

text: colonial

text: period

question: When was the Aussa Sultanate established?

answer: end of the 16th century

text: end of the 16th century

question: Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?

answer: Denkel lowlands of Eritrea

text: Denkel lowlands of Eritrea

question: Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?

answer: Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan

text: Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan

question: What did Kedafu establish in 1734?

answer: Mudaito Dynasty

text: Mudaito Dynasty

question: What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?

answer: Mudaito Dynasty

text: Mudaito Dynasty

question: In what year was Muhammed Jasa born?

question: In what year was the Afar leader Kedafu born?

question: In what year did Imam Umar Din bin Adam ascend to the throne?

question: In what year did Aussa collapse?

question: What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?

text: Denkel lowlands of Eritrea


text: Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.

title: Anthropology

title: Anthropology

text: Sociocultural

text: anthropology

text: has

text: been

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: structuralist

text: and

text: postmodern

text: theories

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: shift

text: toward

text: the

text: analysis

text: of

text: modern

text: societies

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: epistemological

text: shift

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: positivist

text: traditions

text: that

text: had

text: largely

text: informed

text: the

text: discipline.[page

text: needed

text: During

text: this

text: shift

text: enduring

text: questions

text: about

text: the

text: nature

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: knowledge

text: came

text: to

text: occupy

text: a

text: central

text: place

text: in

text: cultural

text: and

text: social

text: anthropology

text: In

text: contrast

text: archaeology

text: and

text: biological

text: anthropology

text: remained

text: largely

text: positivist

text: Due

text: to

text: this

text: difference

text: in

text: epistemology

text: the

text: four

text: sub

text: fields

text: of

text: anthropology

text: have

text: lacked

text: cohesion

text: over

text: the

text: last

text: several

text: decades

question: What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by?

answer: structuralist and postmodern theories

text: structuralist and postmodern theories

question: When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology?

answer: During the 1970s and 1990s

text: During the 1970s and 1990s

question: What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?

answer: nature and production of knowledge

text: nature and production of knowledge

question: What two fields remained largely positivist?

answer: archaeology and biological anthropology

text: archaeology and biological anthropology

question: What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?

answer: cohesion

text: cohesion

question: what has heavily influenced structuralists and postmodern theories?

text: Sociocultural anthropology

question: When was there a shift towards the positivist traditions?

text: 1970s and 1990s

question: What did archeology and biological anthropology largly shift away from?

text: positivist

question: What has been cohesive over the last several decades?

text: the four sub-fields of anthropology


text: Things were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757 and then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757 With these victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's premier general and his men as Europe's most accomplished soldiers. In spite of this, the Prussians were now facing the prospect of four major powers attacking on four fronts (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North). Meanwhile, a combined force from a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership, thus threatening Prussian control of Saxony.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Things

text: were

text: looking

text: grim

text: for

text: Prussia

text: now

text: with

text: the

text: Austrians

text: mobilising

text: to

text: attack

text: Prussian

text: controlled

text: soil

text: and

text: a

text: French

text: army

text: under

text: Soubise

text: approaching

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: However

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: December

text: of

text: the

text: whole

text: situation

text: in

text: Germany

text: was

text: reversed

text: First

text: Frederick

text: devastated

text: Prince

text: Soubise

text: 's

text: French

text: force

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Rossbach

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: then

text: routed

text: a

text: vastly

text: superior

text: Austrian

text: force

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Leuthen

text: on

text: December

text: With

text: these

text: victories

text: Frederick

text: once

text: again

text: established

text: himself

text: as

text: Europe

text: 's

text: premier

text: general

text: and

text: his

text: men

text: as

text: Europe

text: 's

text: most

text: accomplished

text: soldiers

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: this

text: the

text: Prussians

text: were

text: now

text: facing

text: the

text: prospect

text: of

text: four

text: major

text: powers

text: attacking

text: on

text: four

text: fronts

text: France

text: from

text: the

text: West

text: Austria

text: from

text: the

text: South

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: Sweden

text: from

text: the

text: North

text: Meanwhile

text: a

text: combined

text: force

text: from

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: smaller

text: German

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: Bavaria

text: had

text: been

text: established

text: under

text: Austrian

text: leadership

text: thus

text: threatening

text: Prussian

text: control

text: of

text: Saxony

question: What were reasons that the late 1757 time frame looked bad for Prussia?

answer: the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west

text: the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west

question: What was the initial result of the French invasion?

answer: Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757

text: Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757

question: What was the result of the Austrian invasion?

answer: then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757

text: then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757

question: Name the four opponents of Prussia.

answer: (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North)

text: (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North)

question: What German areas were beginning to oppose Prussia?

answer: a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership

text: a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership


text: Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (coup d'état du 18 brumaire), when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Louis

text: XVI

text: and

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: were

text: brought

text: to

text: Paris

text: and

text: made

text: virtual

text: prisoners

text: within

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Palace

text: In

text: as

text: the

text: revolution

text: turned

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: radical

text: the

text: king

text: queen

text: and

text: the

text: mayor

text: were

text: guillotined

text: along

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: others

text: throughout

text: France

text: during

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: The

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: aristocracy

text: and

text: the

text: church

text: was

text: nationalised

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: churches

text: were

text: closed

text: sold

text: or

text: demolished

text: A

text: succession

text: of

text: revolutionary

text: factions

text: ruled

text: Paris

text: until

text: November

text: coup

text: d'état

text: du

text: brumaire

text: when

text: Napoléon

text: Bonaparte

text: seized

text: power

text: as

text: First

text: Consul

question: Where did Louis XVI and his family live?

answer: Tuileries Palace

text: Tuileries Palace

question: When did Napoleon Bonaparte gain power as the First Consul?

answer: 9 November 1799

text: 9 November 1799

question: Approximately how many people were executed during the Reign of Terror?

answer: 16,000


text: In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), by Alfred C. Kinsey et al., people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual. Kinsey reported that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual — i.e., most people have some attraction to either sex, although usually one sex is preferred. According to Kinsey, only a minority (5–10%) can be considered fully heterosexual or homosexual.[citation needed] Conversely, only an even smaller minority can be considered fully bisexual (with an equal attraction to both sexes). Kinsey's methods have been criticized as flawed, particularly with regard to the randomness of his sample population, which included prison inmates, male prostitutes and those who willingly participated in discussion of previously taboo sexual topics. Nevertheless, Paul Gebhard, subsequent director of the Kinsey Institute for Sex Research, reexamined the data in the Kinsey Reports and concluded that removing the prison inmates and prostitutes barely affected the results.

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: In

text: the

text: oft

text: cited

text: and

text: oft

text: criticized

text: Sexual

text: Behavior

text: in

text: the

text: Human

text: Male

text: and

text: Sexual

text: Behavior

text: in

text: the

text: Human

text: Female

text: by

text: Alfred

text: C.

text: Kinsey

text: et

text: al

text: people

text: were

text: asked

text: to

text: rate

text: themselves

text: on

text: a

text: scale

text: from

text: completely

text: heterosexual

text: to

text: completely

text: homosexual

text: Kinsey

text: reported

text: that

text: when

text: the

text: individuals

text: behavior

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: identity

text: are

text: analyzed

text: most

text: people

text: appeared

text: to

text: be

text: at

text: least

text: somewhat

text: bisexual

text: i.e.

text: most

text: people

text: have

text: some

text: attraction

text: to

text: either

text: sex

text: although

text: usually

text: one

text: sex

text: is

text: preferred

text: According

text: to

text: Kinsey

text: only

text: a

text: minority

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: fully

text: heterosexual

text: or

text: homosexual.[citation

text: needed

text: Conversely

text: only

text: an

text: even

text: smaller

text: minority

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: fully

text: bisexual

text: with

text: an

text: equal

text: attraction

text: to

text: both

text: sexes

text: Kinsey

text: 's

text: methods

text: have

text: been

text: criticized

text: as

text: flawed

text: particularly

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: randomness

text: of

text: his

text: sample

text: population

text: which

text: included

text: prison

text: inmates

text: male

text: prostitutes

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: willingly

text: participated

text: in

text: discussion

text: of

text: previously

text: taboo

text: sexual

text: topics

text: Nevertheless

text: Paul

text: Gebhard

text: subsequent

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Kinsey

text: Institute

text: for

text: Sex

text: Research

text: reexamined

text: the

text: data

text: in

text: the

text: Kinsey

text: Reports

text: and

text: concluded

text: that

text: removing

text: the

text: prison

text: inmates

text: and

text: prostitutes

text: barely

text: affected

text: the

text: results

question: Which two studies where created by Alfred C. KInsey?

answer: In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953

text: In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953

question: What where people asked to do in these research studies?

answer: people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual.

text: people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual.

question: What did KInsey find during these studies ?

answer: that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual

text: that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual

question: In Kinseys mind what percentage of people are considered to be fully heterosexual or homosexual?

answer: (5–10%

question: Why do people say KInseys work is not correct?

answer: the randomness of his sample population,

text: the randomness of his sample population,


text: Corruption is not specific to poor, developing, or transition countries. In western countries, cases of bribery and other forms of corruption in all possible fields exist: under-the-table payments made to reputed surgeons by patients attempting to be on top of the list of forthcoming surgeries, bribes paid by suppliers to the automotive industry in order to sell low-quality connectors used for instance in safety equipment such as airbags, bribes paid by suppliers to manufacturers of defibrillators (to sell low-quality capacitors), contributions paid by wealthy parents to the "social and culture fund" of a prestigious university in exchange for it to accept their children, bribes paid to obtain diplomas, financial and other advantages granted to unionists by members of the executive board of a car manufacturer in exchange for employer-friendly positions and votes, etc. Examples are endless. These various manifestations of corruption can ultimately present a danger for the public health; they can discredit specific, essential institutions or social relationships.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Corruption

text: is

text: not

text: specific

text: to

text: poor

text: developing

text: or

text: transition

text: countries

text: In

text: western

text: countries

text: cases

text: of

text: bribery

text: and

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: corruption

text: in

text: all

text: possible

text: fields

text: exist

text: under

text: the

text: table

text: payments

text: made

text: to

text: reputed

text: surgeons

text: by

text: patients

text: attempting

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: forthcoming

text: surgeries

text: bribes

text: paid

text: by

text: suppliers

text: to

text: the

text: automotive

text: industry

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: sell

text: low

text: quality

text: connectors

text: used

text: for

text: instance

text: in

text: safety

text: equipment

text: such

text: as

text: airbags

text: bribes

text: paid

text: by

text: suppliers

text: to

text: manufacturers

text: of

text: defibrillators

text: to

text: sell

text: low

text: quality

text: capacitors

text: contributions

text: paid

text: by

text: wealthy

text: parents

text: to

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: culture

text: fund

text: of

text: a

text: prestigious

text: university

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: it

text: to

text: accept

text: their

text: children

text: bribes

text: paid

text: to

text: obtain

text: diplomas

text: financial

text: and

text: other

text: advantages

text: granted

text: to

text: unionists

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: board

text: of

text: a

text: car

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: employer

text: friendly

text: positions

text: and

text: votes

text: etc

text: Examples

text: are

text: endless

text: These

text: various

text: manifestations

text: of

text: corruption

text: can

text: ultimately

text: present

text: a

text: danger

text: for

text: the

text: public

text: health

text: they

text: can

text: discredit

text: specific

text: essential

text: institutions

text: or

text: social

text: relationships

question: These types of corruption can harm what?

answer: the public health

text: the public health

question: Along with institutions, this type of corruption can discredit what?

answer: social relationships

text: social relationships


text: The Attalid dynasty of Pergamum lasted little longer; a Roman ally until the end, its final king Attalus III died in 133 BC without an heir, and taking the alliance to its natural conclusion, willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic. The final Greek resistance came in 88 BC, when King Mithridates of Pontus rebelled against Rome, captured Roman held Anatolia, and massacred up to 100,000 Romans and Roman allies across Asia Minor. Many Greek cities, including Athens, overthrew their Roman puppet rulers and joined him in the Mithridatic wars. When he was driven out of Greece by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who laid siege to Athens and razed the city. Mithridates was finally defeated by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) in 65 BC. Further ruin was brought to Greece by the Roman civil wars, which were partly fought in Greece. Finally, in 27 BC, Augustus directly annexed Greece to the new Roman Empire as the province of Achaea. The struggles with Rome had left Greece depopulated and demoralised. Nevertheless, Roman rule at least brought an end to warfare, and cities such as Athens, Corinth, Thessaloniki and Patras soon recovered their prosperity.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: Attalid

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Pergamum

text: lasted

text: little

text: longer

text: a

text: Roman

text: ally

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: its

text: final

text: king

text: Attalus

text: III

text: died

text: in

text: BC

text: without

text: an

text: heir

text: and

text: taking

text: the

text: alliance

text: to

text: its

text: natural

text: conclusion

text: willed

text: Pergamum

text: to

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: The

text: final

text: Greek

text: resistance

text: came

text: in

text: BC

text: when

text: King

text: Mithridates

text: of

text: Pontus

text: rebelled

text: against

text: Rome

text: captured

text: Roman

text: held

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: massacred

text: up

text: to

text: Romans

text: and

text: Roman

text: allies

text: across

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: Many

text: Greek

text: cities

text: including

text: Athens

text: overthrew

text: their

text: Roman

text: puppet

text: rulers

text: and

text: joined

text: him

text: in

text: the

text: Mithridatic

text: wars

text: When

text: he

text: was

text: driven

text: out

text: of

text: Greece

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: general

text: Lucius

text: Cornelius

text: Sulla

text: who

text: laid

text: siege

text: to

text: Athens

text: and

text: razed

text: the

text: city

text: Mithridates

text: was

text: finally

text: defeated

text: by

text: Gnaeus

text: Pompeius

text: Magnus

text: Pompey

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: BC

text: Further

text: ruin

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: Greece

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: civil

text: wars

text: which

text: were

text: partly

text: fought

text: in

text: Greece

text: Finally

text: in

text: BC

text: Augustus

text: directly

text: annexed

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: as

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Achaea

text: The

text: struggles

text: with

text: Rome

text: had

text: left

text: Greece

text: depopulated

text: and

text: demoralised

text: Nevertheless

text: Roman

text: rule

text: at

text: least

text: brought

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: warfare

text: and

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Athens

text: Corinth

text: Thessaloniki

text: and

text: Patras

text: soon

text: recovered

text: their

text: prosperity

question: Who was the final king of the Attalid dynasty?

answer: Attalus III

text: Attalus III

question: When did Attalus III die?

answer: 133 BC

text: 133 BC

question: Who willed Pergamum to the Roman Republic?

answer: Attalus III

text: Attalus III

question: In what year was the final Greek resistance?

answer: 88 BC

text: 88 BC

question: Who led the final Greek resistance?

answer: Mithridates of Pontus

text: Mithridates of Pontus


text: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Some

text: countries

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: mainly

text: the

text: unavailability

text: of

text: certain

text: crucial

text: data

text: The

text: following

text: United

text: Nations

text: Member

text: States

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: report

text: North

text: Korea

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: Monaco

text: Nauru

text: San

text: Marino

text: South

text: Sudan

text: Somalia

text: and

text: Tuvalu

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?

answer: unavailability of certain crucial data

text: unavailability of certain crucial data

question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report?

answer: North Korea

text: North Korea

question: What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?

text: unavailability of certain crucial data

question: What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?

text: unavailability of certain crucial data

question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2012 report?

text: North Korea