text: Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). More characteristic of cooler northern and high elevation habitat is the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), whereas the Appalachian northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus), which closely resembles the southern flying squirrel, is confined to northern hardwood and spruce-fir forests.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Animals

text: that

text: characterize

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: forests

text: include

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: tree

text: squirrels

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: seen

text: is

text: the

text: low

text: to

text: moderate

text: elevation

text: eastern

text: gray

text: squirrel

text: Sciurus

text: carolinensis

text: Occupying

text: similar

text: habitat

text: is

text: the

text: slightly

text: larger

text: fox

text: squirrel

text: Sciurus

text: niger

text: and

text: the

text: much

text: smaller

text: southern

text: flying

text: squirrel

text: Glaucomys

text: volans

text: More

text: characteristic

text: of

text: cooler

text: northern

text: and

text: high

text: elevation

text: habitat

text: is

text: the

text: red

text: squirrel

text: Tamiasciurus

text: hudsonicus

text: whereas

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: northern

text: flying

text: squirrel

text: Glaucomys

text: sabrinus

text: fuscus

text: which

text: closely

text: resembles

text: the

text: southern

text: flying

text: squirrel

text: is

text: confined

text: to

text: northern

text: hardwood

text: and

text: spruce

text: fir

text: forests

question: How many species of tree squirrel are commonly found in the range?

answer: five species

text: five species

question: What is the most commonly seen species?

answer: gray squirrel

text: gray squirrel

question: What does the squirrel share its habitat with?

answer: larger fox squirrel

text: larger fox squirrel

question: What is found more in the northern portions?

answer: red squirrel

text: red squirrel

question: Which species is commonly found more in spruce-fir forests?

answer: Appalachian northern flying squirrel

text: Appalachian northern flying squirrel

question: How many species of animals are in the Appalachian forests?

text: five

question: What is the northern flying squirrel smaller than?

text: gray squirrel

question: What is the least commonly seen squirrel in moderate elevation?

text: southern flying squirrel

question: What trees are the red squirrel confined to?

question: What is the most commonly seen squirrel in higher elevations?

text: the red squirrel


text: Since the end of the Second World War, France has become an ethnically diverse country. Today, approximately five percent of the French population is non-European and non-white. This does not approach the number of non-white citizens in the United States (roughly 28–37%, depending on how Latinos are classified; see Demographics of the United States). Nevertheless, it amounts to at least three million people, and has forced the issues of ethnic diversity onto the French policy agenda. France has developed an approach to dealing with ethnic problems that stands in contrast to that of many advanced, industrialized countries. Unlike the United States, Britain, or even the Netherlands, France maintains a "color-blind" model of public policy. This means that it targets virtually no policies directly at racial or ethnic groups. Instead, it uses geographic or class criteria to address issues of social inequalities. It has, however, developed an extensive anti-racist policy repertoire since the early 1970s. Until recently, French policies focused primarily on issues of hate speech—going much further than their American counterparts—and relatively less on issues of discrimination in jobs, housing, and in provision of goods and services.

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: France

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: country

text: Today

text: approximately

text: five

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: population

text: is

text: non

text: European

text: and

text: non

text: white

text: This

text: does

text: not

text: approach

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: non

text: white

text: citizens

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: roughly

text: depending

text: on

text: how

text: Latinos

text: are

text: classified

text: see

text: Demographics

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Nevertheless

text: it

text: amounts

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: has

text: forced

text: the

text: issues

text: of

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: onto

text: the

text: French

text: policy

text: agenda

text: France

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: approach

text: to

text: dealing

text: with

text: ethnic

text: problems

text: that

text: stands

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: many

text: advanced

text: industrialized

text: countries

text: Unlike

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Britain

text: or

text: even

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: France

text: maintains

text: a

text: color

text: blind

text: model

text: of

text: public

text: policy

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: it

text: targets

text: virtually

text: no

text: policies

text: directly

text: at

text: racial

text: or

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Instead

text: it

text: uses

text: geographic

text: or

text: class

text: criteria

text: to

text: address

text: issues

text: of

text: social

text: inequalities

text: It

text: has

text: however

text: developed

text: an

text: extensive

text: anti

text: racist

text: policy

text: repertoire

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: Until

text: recently

text: French

text: policies

text: focused

text: primarily

text: on

text: issues

text: of

text: hate

text: speech

text: going

text: much

text: further

text: than

text: their

text: American

text: counterparts

text: and

text: relatively

text: less

text: on

text: issues

text: of

text: discrimination

text: in

text: jobs

text: housing

text: and

text: in

text: provision

text: of

text: goods

text: and

text: services

question: France has become a more ethnically diverse country since the end of which war?

answer: Second World War

text: Second World War

question: What percentage of the French population today is non-European?

answer: approximately five percent

text: approximately five percent

question: What is the number of non-white citizens in the United States?

answer: roughly 28–37%

text: roughly 28–37%

question: What issue has the existence of three million non-European people in France forced onto French policy agendas?

answer: ethnic diversity

text: ethnic diversity

question: What type of model of public policy does France maintain?

answer: color-blind

text: color-blind


text: Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well into the 4th century, after political power within the Empire had shifted to the Christians. When the Christian emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, he took steps toward the dissolution of the order. His successor Theodosius I extinguished Vesta's sacred fire and vacated her temple.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: Augustus

text: religious

text: reformations

text: raised

text: the

text: funding

text: and

text: public

text: profile

text: of

text: the

text: Vestals

text: They

text: were

text: given

text: high

text: status

text: seating

text: at

text: games

text: and

text: theatres

text: The

text: emperor

text: Claudius

text: appointed

text: them

text: as

text: priestesses

text: to

text: the

text: cult

text: of

text: the

text: deified

text: Livia

text: wife

text: of

text: Augustus

text: They

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: retained

text: their

text: religious

text: and

text: social

text: distinctions

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: after

text: political

text: power

text: within

text: the

text: Empire

text: had

text: shifted

text: to

text: the

text: Christians

text: When

text: the

text: Christian

text: emperor

text: Gratian

text: refused

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: pontifex

text: maximus

text: he

text: took

text: steps

text: toward

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: His

text: successor

text: Theodosius

text: I

text: extinguished

text: Vesta

text: 's

text: sacred

text: fire

text: and

text: vacated

text: her

text: temple

question: What group's status was improved by Augustus' religious reforms?

answer: Vestals

text: Vestals

question: What advantage was there in being a Vestal at games?

answer: seating

text: seating

question: For whose cult were the Vestals appointed as priestesses?

answer: Livia

text: Livia

question: Until what time did the Vestal retain their social distinctions?

answer: 4th century

text: 4th century

question: Which emperor disbanded the Vestals?

answer: Theodosius I

text: Theodosius I


text: In Hellenistic Egypt, the mathematician Euclid laid down the foundations of mathematical rigor and introduced the concepts of definition, axiom, theorem and proof still in use today in his Elements, considered the most influential textbook ever written. Archimedes, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, is credited with using the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of Pi. He is also known in physics for laying the foundations of hydrostatics, statics, and the explanation of the principle of the lever.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: In

text: Hellenistic

text: Egypt

text: the

text: mathematician

text: Euclid

text: laid

text: down

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: mathematical

text: rigor

text: and

text: introduced

text: the

text: concepts

text: of

text: definition

text: axiom

text: theorem

text: and

text: proof

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: in

text: his

text: Elements

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: textbook

text: ever

text: written

text: Archimedes

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: mathematicians

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: using

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: exhaustion

text: to

text: calculate

text: the

text: area

text: under

text: the

text: arc

text: of

text: a

text: parabola

text: with

text: the

text: summation

text: of

text: an

text: infinite

text: series

text: and

text: gave

text: a

text: remarkably

text: accurate

text: approximation

text: of

text: Pi

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: physics

text: for

text: laying

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: hydrostatics

text: statics

text: and

text: the

text: explanation

text: of

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: the

text: lever

question: Who wrote the book Elements?

answer: Euclid

text: Euclid

question: What was contained within the book Elements?

answer: the foundations of mathematical rigor

text: the foundations of mathematical rigor

question: Who was able to determine the the area under a parabola?

answer: Archimedes

text: Archimedes

question: What method did Archimedes employ to determine the area under a parabola?

answer: exhaustion

text: exhaustion

question: Which mathematical figure did Archimedes approximate?

answer: Pi

text: Pi


text: When endothermy first appeared in the evolution of mammals is uncertain. Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like those of modern therians. Some of the evidence found so far suggests that Triassic cynodonts had fairly high metabolic rates, but it is not conclusive. For small animals, an insulative covering like fur is necessary for the maintenance of a high and stable body temperature.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: When

text: endothermy

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: mammals

text: is

text: uncertain

text: Modern

text: monotremes

text: have

text: lower

text: body

text: temperatures

text: and

text: more

text: variable

text: metabolic

text: rates

text: than

text: marsupials

text: and

text: placentals

text: but

text: there

text: is

text: evidence

text: that

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: ancestors

text: perhaps

text: including

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: therians

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: body

text: temperatures

text: like

text: those

text: of

text: modern

text: therians

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: evidence

text: found

text: so

text: far

text: suggests

text: that

text: Triassic

text: cynodonts

text: had

text: fairly

text: high

text: metabolic

text: rates

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: conclusive

text: For

text: small

text: animals

text: an

text: insulative

text: covering

text: like

text: fur

text: is

text: necessary

text: for

text: the

text: maintenance

text: of

text: a

text: high

text: and

text: stable

text: body

text: temperature

question: Which group of animal has a lower body temperature that marsupials and placentals?

answer: monotremes

text: monotremes

question: Which time period is suggested that cynodonts had a high metabolic rate?

answer: Triassic

text: Triassic

question: Why is it necessary for smaller animals to have an insulative covering?

answer: maintenance of a high and stable body temperature

text: maintenance of a high and stable body temperature

question: What does evidence found suggest about monotremes?

text: had fairly high metabolic rates

question: What do therians need to maintain a stable body temperature?

text: an insulative covering like fur

question: What do small animals have compared to therians?

question: What suggests that monotremes have high metabolic rates?

text: Some of the evidence found so far

question: What do placentals use their fur covering for?


text: Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives relatively little solar radiation. This means that it is a very cold continent where water is mostly in the form of ice. Precipitation is low (most of Antarctica is a desert) and almost always in the form of snow, which accumulates and forms a giant ice sheet which covers the land. Parts of this ice sheet form moving glaciers known as ice streams, which flow towards the edges of the continent. Next to the continental shore are many ice shelves. These are floating extensions of outflowing glaciers from the continental ice mass. Offshore, temperatures are also low enough that ice is formed from seawater through most of the year. It is important to understand the various types of Antarctic ice to understand possible effects on sea levels and the implications of global cooling.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: at

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: Antarctica

text: receives

text: relatively

text: little

text: solar

text: radiation

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: very

text: cold

text: continent

text: where

text: water

text: is

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: ice

text: Precipitation

text: is

text: low

text: most

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: is

text: a

text: desert

text: and

text: almost

text: always

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: snow

text: which

text: accumulates

text: and

text: forms

text: a

text: giant

text: ice

text: sheet

text: which

text: covers

text: the

text: land

text: Parts

text: of

text: this

text: ice

text: sheet

text: form

text: moving

text: glaciers

text: known

text: as

text: ice

text: streams

text: which

text: flow

text: towards

text: the

text: edges

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: Next

text: to

text: the

text: continental

text: shore

text: are

text: many

text: ice

text: shelves

text: These

text: are

text: floating

text: extensions

text: of

text: outflowing

text: glaciers

text: from

text: the

text: continental

text: ice

text: mass

text: Offshore

text: temperatures

text: are

text: also

text: low

text: enough

text: that

text: ice

text: is

text: formed

text: from

text: seawater

text: through

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: It

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: Antarctic

text: ice

text: to

text: understand

text: possible

text: effects

text: on

text: sea

text: levels

text: and

text: the

text: implications

text: of

text: global

text: cooling

question: What location means that Antarctica get little solar radiation?

answer: South Pole

text: South Pole

question: In what condition is most water in the Antarctica?

answer: ice

text: ice

question: What is the usual condition of precipitation in the Antarctic?

answer: snow

text: snow

question: What does the massed snow in Antarctica produce?

answer: giant ice sheet

text: giant ice sheet

question: What are ice streams otherwise called?

answer: glaciers

text: glaciers

question: Why does Antarctica receive solar radiation?

text: Due to its location at the South Pole

question: What continent is a complete desert?

text: Antarctica

question: What is next to the continental shelves?

text: ice shelves.

question: What are temperatures like offshore to effect global cooling?

text: low


text: Radiocarbon dated charcoal placed around 50,000 years ago was found in the Drachloch (Dragon's Hole) cave above the village of Vattis in the canton of St. Gallen, proving that the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people. Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried by the same prehistoric people. The peaks, however, were mostly ignored except for a few notable examples, and long left to the exclusive attention of the people of the adjoining valleys. The mountain peaks were seen as terrifying, the abode of dragons and demons, to the point that people blindfolded themselves to cross the Alpine passes. The glaciers remained a mystery and many still believed the highest areas to be inhabited by dragons.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: Radiocarbon

text: dated

text: charcoal

text: placed

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Drachloch

text: Dragon

text: 's

text: Hole

text: cave

text: above

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Vattis

text: in

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: St.

text: Gallen

text: proving

text: that

text: the

text: high

text: peaks

text: were

text: visited

text: by

text: prehistoric

text: people

text: Seven

text: bear

text: skulls

text: from

text: the

text: cave

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: buried

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: prehistoric

text: people

text: The

text: peaks

text: however

text: were

text: mostly

text: ignored

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: few

text: notable

text: examples

text: and

text: long

text: left

text: to

text: the

text: exclusive

text: attention

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: adjoining

text: valleys

text: The

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: terrifying

text: the

text: abode

text: of

text: dragons

text: and

text: demons

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: that

text: people

text: blindfolded

text: themselves

text: to

text: cross

text: the

text: Alpine

text: passes

text: The

text: glaciers

text: remained

text: a

text: mystery

text: and

text: many

text: still

text: believed

text: the

text: highest

text: areas

text: to

text: be

text: inhabited

text: by

text: dragons

question: How old was the charcoal placed in the Drachloch cave?

answer: 50,000 years

text: 50,000 years

question: What does the finding of charcoal in Dragon's Hole prove?

answer: the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people

text: the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people

question: What may have been buried by the same prehistoric people?

answer: Seven bear skulls

text: Seven bear skulls

question: People blindfolded themselves to cross what?

answer: Alpine passes

text: Alpine passes


text: According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials. Tribute missions from Tibetan monasteries to the Chinese court brought back not only titles, but large, commercially valuable gifts which could subsequently be sold. The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming.

title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

title: Sino

text: According

text: to

text: Tibetologist

text: John

text: Powers

text: Tibetan

text: sources

text: counter

text: this

text: narrative

text: of

text: titles

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: to

text: Tibetans

text: with

text: various

text: titles

text: which

text: the

text: Tibetans

text: gave

text: to

text: the

text: Chinese

text: emperors

text: and

text: their

text: officials

text: Tribute

text: missions

text: from

text: Tibetan

text: monasteries

text: to

text: the

text: Chinese

text: court

text: brought

text: back

text: not

text: only

text: titles

text: but

text: large

text: commercially

text: valuable

text: gifts

text: which

text: could

text: subsequently

text: be

text: sold

text: The

text: Ming

text: emperors

text: sent

text: invitations

text: to

text: ruling

text: lamas

text: but

text: the

text: lamas

text: sent

text: subordinates

text: rather

text: than

text: coming

text: themselves

text: and

text: no

text: Tibetan

text: ruler

text: ever

text: explicitly

text: accepted

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: being

text: a

text: vassal

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

question: What was the name of the Tibetologist?

answer: John Powers

text: John Powers

question: Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?

answer: ruling lamas

text: ruling lamas

question: When the lamas received an invite from the emperors, who did they send instead?

answer: subordinates

text: subordinates


text: Season three premiered on January 19, 2004. One of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process was William Hung whose off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention. His exposure on Idol landed him a record deal and surprisingly he became the third best-selling singer from that season.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: three

text: premiered

text: on

text: January

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: talked

text: about

text: contestants

text: during

text: the

text: audition

text: process

text: was

text: William

text: Hung

text: whose

text: off

text: key

text: rendition

text: of

text: Ricky

text: Martin

text: 's

text: She

text: Bangs

text: received

text: widespread

text: attention

text: His

text: exposure

text: on

text: Idol

text: landed

text: him

text: a

text: record

text: deal

text: and

text: surprisingly

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: third

text: best

text: selling

text: singer

text: from

text: that

text: season

question: What year did the third season of American Idol first air?

answer: 2004

question: Which contestant was best known for his bad audition of "She Bangs"?

answer: William Hung

text: William Hung

question: Which contestant sold more albums than all except two from season three of American Idol?

answer: William Hung

text: William Hung

question: When did season three premiere?

answer: January 19, 2004

text: January 19, 2004

question: Which contestant sang an off-key "She Bangs"?

answer: William Hung

text: William Hung

question: Which contestant was number three in sales from season three?

answer: William Hung

text: William Hung


text: Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

text: Rep.

text: Christopher

text: H.

text: Smith

text: R

text: NJ

text: criticized

text: the

text: State

text: Department

text: investigation

text: saying

text: the

text: investigators

text: were

text: shown

text: Potemkin

text: Villages

text: where

text: residents

text: had

text: been

text: intimidated

text: into

text: lying

text: about

text: the

text: family

text: planning

text: program

text: Dr.

text: Nafis

text: Sadik

text: former

text: director

text: of

text: UNFPA

text: said

text: her

text: agency

text: had

text: been

text: pivotal

text: in

text: reversing

text: China

text: 's

text: coercive

text: population

text: control

text: methods

text: but

text: a

text: report

text: by

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: and

text: a

text: separate

text: report

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: State

text: Department

text: found

text: that

text: coercive

text: techniques

text: were

text: still

text: regularly

text: employed

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: casting

text: doubt

text: upon

text: Sadik

text: 's

text: statements

question: Which representative criticized the the State Department investigation?

answer: Christopher H. Smith

text: Christopher H. Smith

question: The representative said that inspectors had been show what sort of villages?

answer: Potemkin Villages

text: Potemkin Villages

question: Which former director defended UNFPA?

answer: Dr. Nafis Sadik

text: Dr. Nafis Sadik

question: Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2005?

answer: Amnesty International

text: Amnesty International

question: What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were still being employed by China?

answer: coercive techniques

text: coercive techniques

question: Which representative helped the the State Department investigation the most?

text: Christopher H. Smith

question: The representative said that inspectors had never seen what sort of villages?

text: Potemkin Villages

question: Which former director disliked UNFPA?

text: Dr. Nafis Sadik

question: What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were never employed by China?

text: coercive techniques

question: Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2002?

text: Amnesty International


text: Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: Some

text: countries

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: for

text: various

text: reasons

text: primarily

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: necessary

text: data

text: The

text: following

text: United

text: Nations

text: Member

text: States

text: were

text: not

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: report

text: North

text: Korea

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: Monaco

text: Nauru

text: San

text: Marino

text: Somalia

text: India

text: Pakistan

text: South

text: Sudan

text: and

text: Tuvalu

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report?

answer: lack of necessary data

text: lack of necessary data

question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report?

answer: North Korea

text: North Korea

question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2013 report?

text: lack of necessary data

question: What year were all countries included?


text: Additionally, Richmond is gaining attention from the film and television industry, with several high-profile films shot in the metro region in the past few years, including the major motion picture Lincoln which led to Daniel Day-Lewis's third Oscar, Killing Kennedy with Rob Lowe, airing on the National Geographic Channel and Turn, starring Jamie Bell and airing on AMC. In 2015 Richmond will be the main filming location for the upcoming PBS drama series Mercy Street, which will premiere in Winter 2016. Several organizations, including the Virginia Film Office and the Virginia Production Alliance, along with events like the Richmond International Film Festival and French Film Festival, continue to put draw supporters of film and media to the region.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Additionally

text: Richmond

text: is

text: gaining

text: attention

text: from

text: the

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: industry

text: with

text: several

text: high

text: profile

text: films

text: shot

text: in

text: the

text: metro

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: few

text: years

text: including

text: the

text: major

text: motion

text: picture

text: Lincoln

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: Daniel

text: Day

text: Lewis

text: 's

text: third

text: Oscar

text: Killing

text: Kennedy

text: with

text: Rob

text: Lowe

text: airing

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Geographic

text: Channel

text: and

text: Turn

text: starring

text: Jamie

text: Bell

text: and

text: airing

text: on

text: AMC

text: In

text: Richmond

text: will

text: be

text: the

text: main

text: filming

text: location

text: for

text: the

text: upcoming

text: PBS

text: drama

text: series

text: Mercy

text: Street

text: which

text: will

text: premiere

text: in

text: Winter

text: Several

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Film

text: Office

text: and

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Production

text: Alliance

text: along

text: with

text: events

text: like

text: the

text: Richmond

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: and

text: French

text: Film

text: Festival

text: continue

text: to

text: put

text: draw

text: supporters

text: of

text: film

text: and

text: media

text: to

text: the

text: region

question: What movie, which filmed in Richmond, featured Daniel Day-Lewis?

answer: Lincoln

text: Lincoln

question: Who notably appeared in Killing Kennedy?

answer: Rob Lowe

text: Rob Lowe

question: On what television channel can the show Turn be seen?

answer: AMC

text: AMC

question: When will Mercy Street first be shown on television?

answer: Winter 2016

text: Winter 2016

question: What channel is Killing Kennedy on?

answer: National Geographic Channel

text: National Geographic Channel


text: On 28 February 1476, Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477, with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477, in which he referred to the feast as that of the Conception of Mary, without using the word "Immaculate", he granted indulgences to those who would participate in the specially composed Mass or Office on the feast itself or during its octave, and he used the word "immaculate" of Mary, but applied instead the adjective "miraculous" to her conception. On 4 September 1483, referring to the feast as that of "the Conception of Immaculate Mary ever Virgin", he condemned both those who called it mortally sinful and heretical to hold that the "glorious and immaculate mother of God was conceived without the stain of original sin" and those who called it mortally sinful and heretical to hold that "the glorious Virgin Mary was conceived with original sin", since, he said, "up to this time there has been no decision made by the Roman Church and the Apostolic See." This decree was reaffirmed by the Council of Trent.

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: On

text: February

text: Pope

text: Sixtus

text: IV

text: authorized

text: those

text: dioceses

text: that

text: wished

text: to

text: introduce

text: the

text: feast

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: and

text: introduced

text: it

text: to

text: his

text: own

text: diocese

text: of

text: Rome

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: specially

text: composed

text: Mass

text: and

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: feast

text: With

text: his

text: bull

text: Cum

text: praeexcelsa

text: of

text: February

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: feast

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Conception

text: of

text: Mary

text: without

text: using

text: the

text: word

text: Immaculate

text: he

text: granted

text: indulgences

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: would

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: specially

text: composed

text: Mass

text: or

text: Office

text: on

text: the

text: feast

text: itself

text: or

text: during

text: its

text: octave

text: and

text: he

text: used

text: the

text: word

text: immaculate

text: of

text: Mary

text: but

text: applied

text: instead

text: the

text: adjective

text: miraculous

text: to

text: her

text: conception

text: On

text: September

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: feast

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Conception

text: of

text: Immaculate

text: Mary

text: ever

text: Virgin

text: he

text: condemned

text: both

text: those

text: who

text: called

text: it

text: mortally

text: sinful

text: and

text: heretical

text: to

text: hold

text: that

text: the

text: glorious

text: and

text: immaculate

text: mother

text: of

text: God

text: was

text: conceived

text: without

text: the

text: stain

text: of

text: original

text: sin

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: called

text: it

text: mortally

text: sinful

text: and

text: heretical

text: to

text: hold

text: that

text: the

text: glorious

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: was

text: conceived

text: with

text: original

text: sin

text: since

text: he

text: said

text: up

text: to

text: this

text: time

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: no

text: decision

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: See

text: This

text: decree

text: was

text: reaffirmed

text: by

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Trent

question: What happened on the final day of the month of love that was of significance was authorized by the Holy Roman Church leader ?

answer: authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477

text: authorized those dioceses that wished to introduce the feast to do so, and introduced it to his own diocese of Rome in 1477

question: Who was the Holy Roman Church leader that authorized the change ?

answer: Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses

text: Pope Sixtus IV, authorized those dioceses

question: What document made the authorization official ?

answer: with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477

text: with a specially composed Mass and Office of the feast. With his bull Cum praeexcelsa of 28 February 1477

question: What word substitution did he use in the authorization to appease all of the worshipers and view points when speaking of the inception of Mary  ?

answer: but applied instead the adjective "miraculous" to her conception.

text: but applied instead the adjective "miraculous" to her conception.

question: What was the opposite of a sinner who committed a venial type? It would be the most grave type of all .

answer: mortally sinful

text: mortally sinful

question: Which Pope authorized dioceses to introduce the feast in the fourteenth century?

text: Pope Sixtus IV

question: What was introduced to the Roman diocese in 1476?

text: the feast

question: What Pope in 1477 included the word immaculate in the name of the feast

text: Pope Sixtus IV

question: Who said it was sinful and heretical to say that the glorious and immaculate mother of God was conceived without the stain of original sin?

text: Pope Sixtus IV

question: What term was applied to Mary's conception in 1483?

text: "immaculate"


text: Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, ETA, Sardinian nationalists, Action directe, the Red Brigades, and the Red Army Faction in Europe, and the Armenian Secret Army, Japanese Red Army, Free Aceh Movement, and Moro National Liberation Front in Asia. Gaddafi was indiscriminate in the causes he funded, sometimes switching from supporting one side in a conflict to the other, as in the Eritrean War of Independence. Throughout the 1970s these groups received financial support from Libya, which came to be seen as a leader in the Third World's struggle against colonialism and neocolonialism. Though many of these groups were labelled "terrorists" by critics of their activities, Gaddafi rejected such a characterisation, instead considering them revolutionaries engaged in liberation struggles.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Gaddafi

text: financially

text: supported

text: other

text: militant

text: groups

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: including

text: the

text: Black

text: Panther

text: Party

text: Nation

text: of

text: Islam

text: Tupamaros

text: of

text: April

text: Movement

text: and

text: Sandinista

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: the

text: ANC

text: among

text: other

text: liberation

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: fight

text: against

text: Apartheid

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: the

text: Provisional

text: Irish

text: Republican

text: Army

text: ETA

text: Sardinian

text: nationalists

text: Action

text: directe

text: the

text: Red

text: Brigades

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: Faction

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Secret

text: Army

text: Japanese

text: Red

text: Army

text: Free

text: Aceh

text: Movement

text: and

text: Moro

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: in

text: Asia

text: Gaddafi

text: was

text: indiscriminate

text: in

text: the

text: causes

text: he

text: funded

text: sometimes

text: switching

text: from

text: supporting

text: one

text: side

text: in

text: a

text: conflict

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: Eritrean

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Throughout

text: the

text: these

text: groups

text: received

text: financial

text: support

text: from

text: Libya

text: which

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: a

text: leader

text: in

text: the

text: Third

text: World

text: 's

text: struggle

text: against

text: colonialism

text: and

text: neocolonialism

text: Though

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: groups

text: were

text: labelled

text: terrorists

text: by

text: critics

text: of

text: their

text: activities

text: Gaddafi

text: rejected

text: such

text: a

text: characterisation

text: instead

text: considering

text: them

text: revolutionaries

text: engaged

text: in

text: liberation

text: struggles

question: During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides?

answer: Eritrean War of Independence

text: Eritrean War of Independence

question: During what decade did Libya finance militant groups?

answer: 1970s

question: What was the Third World fighting against in the 1970s?

answer: colonialism and neocolonialism

text: colonialism and neocolonialism

question: On what continent did the Red Army Faction operate?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: What was the ANC combating?

answer: Apartheid

text: Apartheid


text: In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been "late to the party" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a "digital hub" that linked and enabled an "emerging digital lifestyle". Apple would later introduce an update to its iTunes music player software that enabled it to burn CDs, along with a controversial "Rip, Mix, Burn" advertising campaign that some felt encouraged media piracy. This accompanied the release of the iPod, Apple's first successful handheld device. Apple continued to launch products, such as the unsuccessful Power Mac G4 Cube, the education-oriented eMac, and the titanium (and later aluminium) PowerBook G4 laptop for professionals.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: In

text: early

text: Apple

text: began

text: shipping

text: computers

text: with

text: CD

text: RW

text: drives

text: and

text: emphasized

text: the

text: Mac

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: play

text: DVDs

text: by

text: including

text: DVD

text: ROM

text: and

text: DVD

text: RAM

text: drives

text: as

text: standard

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: admitted

text: that

text: Apple

text: had

text: been

text: late

text: to

text: the

text: party

text: on

text: writable

text: CD

text: technology

text: but

text: felt

text: that

text: Macs

text: could

text: become

text: a

text: digital

text: hub

text: that

text: linked

text: and

text: enabled

text: an

text: emerging

text: digital

text: lifestyle

text: Apple

text: would

text: later

text: introduce

text: an

text: update

text: to

text: its

text: iTunes

text: music

text: player

text: software

text: that

text: enabled

text: it

text: to

text: burn

text: CDs

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: controversial

text: Rip

text: Mix

text: Burn

text: advertising

text: campaign

text: that

text: some

text: felt

text: encouraged

text: media

text: piracy

text: This

text: accompanied

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: iPod

text: Apple

text: 's

text: first

text: successful

text: handheld

text: device

text: Apple

text: continued

text: to

text: launch

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: unsuccessful

text: Power

text: Mac

text: Cube

text: the

text: education

text: oriented

text: eMac

text: and

text: the

text: titanium

text: and

text: later

text: aluminium

text: PowerBook

text: laptop

text: for

text: professionals

question: When did Apple begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives?

answer: early 2001

text: early 2001

question: What did Apple begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's?

answer: DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives

text: DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives

question: Who admitted that Apple was late to the party with writable CD technology?

answer: Steve Jobs

text: Steve Jobs

question: Which Apple campaign did some people feel encouraged media piracy?

answer: "Rip, Mix, Burn"

text: "Rip, Mix, Burn"

question: What is the name of one of Apple's unsuccessful products?

answer: Power Mac G4 Cube

text: Power Mac G4 Cube

question: When did Microsoft begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives?

text: early 2001

question: What did Microsoft begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's?

text: DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives

question: Who admitted that Microsoft was late to the party with writable CD technology?

text: Steve Jobs

question: Which Apple campaign did some people feel discouraged media piracy?

text: Rip, Mix, Burn

question: What is the name of one of Apple's successful products?

text: Power Mac G4 Cube


text: Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the long wavelengths of light (red) and short wavelengths of light (blue) much more efficiently than the wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so light reflected by plants is enriched in green. Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis. Their purple color arose because they extracted energy in the green portion of the spectrum using bacteriorhodopsin. The new organisms that then later came to dominate the extraction of light were selected to exploit those portions of the spectrum not used by the halobacteria.

title: Green

title: Green

text: Green

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: nature

text: as

text: many

text: plants

text: are

text: green

text: because

text: of

text: a

text: complex

text: chemical

text: known

text: as

text: chlorophyll

text: which

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: photosynthesis

text: Chlorophyll

text: absorbs

text: the

text: long

text: wavelengths

text: of

text: light

text: red

text: and

text: short

text: wavelengths

text: of

text: light

text: blue

text: much

text: more

text: efficiently

text: than

text: the

text: wavelengths

text: that

text: appear

text: green

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: so

text: light

text: reflected

text: by

text: plants

text: is

text: enriched

text: in

text: green

text: Chlorophyll

text: absorbs

text: green

text: light

text: poorly

text: because

text: it

text: first

text: arose

text: in

text: organisms

text: living

text: in

text: oceans

text: where

text: purple

text: halobacteria

text: were

text: already

text: exploiting

text: photosynthesis

text: Their

text: purple

text: color

text: arose

text: because

text: they

text: extracted

text: energy

text: in

text: the

text: green

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: using

text: bacteriorhodopsin

text: The

text: new

text: organisms

text: that

text: then

text: later

text: came

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: extraction

text: of

text: light

text: were

text: selected

text: to

text: exploit

text: those

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: not

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: halobacteria

question: Why are many plants green?

answer: chlorophyll

text: chlorophyll

question: What does chlorophyll do with long (red) and short (blue) wavelengths of light?

answer: absorbs

text: absorbs

question: Where did chlorophyll first arise?

answer: organisms living in oceans

text: organisms living in oceans

question: What chemical is found in the human eye that makes plants green?

text: chlorophyll

question: Chlorophyll reflects the long wavelengths of what?

text: red

question: What type of wavelength does purple have?

text: short

question: Why does Chlorophyll absorb green light so effectively?

question: What extracts the energy from the purple portion of the spectrum?

text: bacteriorhodopsin


text: Allied submarines did not adopt a defensive posture and wait for the enemy to attack. Within hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine: unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters, without warning and without help to survivors.[nb 13] At the outbreak of the war in the Pacific the Dutch Admiral in charge of the naval defense of the East Indies, Conrad Helfrich, gave instructions to wage war aggressively. His small force of submarines sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks of the war than the entire British and US navies together, an exploit which earned him the nickname "Ship-a-day Helfrich". The Dutch force were in fact the first to sink an enemy warship; On 24 December 1941, HNLMS K XVI torpedoed and sank the Japanese destroyer Sagiri.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Allied

text: submarines

text: did

text: not

text: adopt

text: a

text: defensive

text: posture

text: and

text: wait

text: for

text: the

text: enemy

text: to

text: attack

text: Within

text: hours

text: after

text: the

text: Pearl

text: Harbor

text: attack

text: in

text: retribution

text: against

text: Japan

text: Roosevelt

text: promulgated

text: a

text: new

text: doctrine

text: unrestricted

text: submarine

text: warfare

text: against

text: Japan

text: This

text: meant

text: sinking

text: any

text: warship

text: commercial

text: vessel

text: or

text: passenger

text: ship

text: in

text: Axis

text: controlled

text: waters

text: without

text: warning

text: and

text: without

text: help

text: to

text: survivors.[nb

text: At

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Admiral

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: naval

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Indies

text: Conrad

text: Helfrich

text: gave

text: instructions

text: to

text: wage

text: war

text: aggressively

text: His

text: small

text: force

text: of

text: submarines

text: sank

text: more

text: Japanese

text: ships

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: weeks

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: than

text: the

text: entire

text: British

text: and

text: US

text: navies

text: together

text: an

text: exploit

text: which

text: earned

text: him

text: the

text: nickname

text: Ship

text: a

text: day

text: Helfrich

text: The

text: Dutch

text: force

text: were

text: in

text: fact

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: sink

text: an

text: enemy

text: warship

text: On

text: December

text: HNLMS

text: K

text: XVI

text: torpedoed

text: and

text: sank

text: the

text: Japanese

text: destroyer

text: Sagiri

question: What doctrine did Roosevelt give for submarines against Japan?

answer: unrestricted submarine warfare

text: unrestricted submarine warfare

question: Who was the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?

answer: Conrad Helfrich

text: Conrad Helfrich

question: What was the nickname given to the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?

answer: "Ship-a-day Helfrich"

text: "Ship-a-day Helfrich"

question: What was the first Japanese warship to be sunk by submarine?

answer: Sagiri

text: Sagiri

question: When was the first Japanese warship sunk by a submarine?

answer: 24 December 1941

text: 24 December 1941


text: In January 1871, George Jackson Mivart's On the Genesis of Species listed detailed arguments against natural selection, and claimed it included false metaphysics. Darwin made extensive revisions to the sixth edition of the Origin (this was the first edition in which he used the word "evolution" which had commonly been associated with embryological development, though all editions concluded with the word "evolved"), and added a new chapter VII, Miscellaneous objections, to address Mivart's arguments.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: In

text: January

text: George

text: Jackson

text: Mivart

text: 's

text: On

text: the

text: Genesis

text: of

text: Species

text: listed

text: detailed

text: arguments

text: against

text: natural

text: selection

text: and

text: claimed

text: it

text: included

text: false

text: metaphysics

text: Darwin

text: made

text: extensive

text: revisions

text: to

text: the

text: sixth

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Origin

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: edition

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: used

text: the

text: word

text: evolution

text: which

text: had

text: commonly

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: embryological

text: development

text: though

text: all

text: editions

text: concluded

text: with

text: the

text: word

text: evolved

text: and

text: added

text: a

text: new

text: chapter

text: VII

text: Miscellaneous

text: objections

text: to

text: address

text: Mivart

text: 's

text: arguments

question: What did On the Genesis of Species argue against natural selection?

answer: claimed it included false metaphysics

text: claimed it included false metaphysics

question: Who wrote On the Genesis of Species?

answer: George Jackson Mivart

text: George Jackson Mivart

question: When did Charles Darwin first use the word "evolution" in On the Origin of Species?

answer: the sixth edition

text: the sixth edition

question: What did Charles Darwin do to address Mivart's arguments?

answer: added a new chapter VII,

text: added a new chapter VII,

question: What was chapter VII entitled?

answer: Miscellaneous objections

text: Miscellaneous objections


text: The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.

title: Architecture

title: Architecture

text: The

text: architecture

text: of

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: Asia

text: developed

text: along

text: different

text: lines

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: Europe

text: Buddhist

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Sikh

text: architecture

text: each

text: having

text: different

text: characteristics

text: Buddhist

text: architecture

text: in

text: particular

text: showed

text: great

text: regional

text: diversity

text: Hindu

text: temple

text: architecture

text: which

text: developed

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: concepts

text: laid

text: down

text: in

text: the

text: Shastras

text: and

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: expressing

text: the

text: macrocosm

text: and

text: the

text: microcosm

text: In

text: many

text: Asian

text: countries

text: pantheistic

text: religion

text: led

text: to

text: architectural

text: forms

text: that

text: were

text: designed

text: specifically

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: natural

text: landscape

question: What religion led to architectural changes in many Asian countries?

answer: pantheistic religion

text: pantheistic religion

question: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of diversity?

answer: Buddhist architecture

text: Buddhist architecture

question: When did Hindu temple architecture begin being produced?

answer: 3rd century BCE

text: 3rd century BCE

question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to express?

answer: the macrocosm and the microcosm

text: the macrocosm and the microcosm

question: What is the source of the concepts in Hindu temple architecture?

answer: the Shastras

text: the Shastras

question: What type of architectural is especially known for its regional differences

answer: Buddhist

text: Buddhist

question: What kind of religious theology affected landscape related architecture in Asia?

answer: pantheistic religion

text: pantheistic religion

question: What religion led to architectural changes in many English countries?

text: pantheistic religion

question: Which cultures architecture showed a lot of similarities?

text: Buddhist architecture

question: When did Muslim temple architecture begin being produced?

text: 3rd century BCE

question: What does Hindu temple architecture try to hide?

text: macrocosm and the microcosm

question: What type of architectural is especially known for its non-regional differences

text: Buddhist


text: The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pain may be blunted by illness or the use of multiple prescription drugs. Depression may also keep the older adult from reporting they are in pain. The older adult may also quit doing activities they love because it hurts too much. Decline in self-care activities (dressing, grooming, walking, etc.) may also be indicators that the older adult is experiencing pain. The older adult may refrain from reporting pain because they are afraid they will have to have surgery or will be put on a drug they might become addicted to. They may not want others to see them as weak, or may feel there is something impolite or shameful in complaining about pain, or they may feel the pain is deserved punishment for past transgressions.

title: Pain

title: Pain

text: The

text: experience

text: of

text: pain

text: has

text: many

text: cultural

text: dimensions

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: experiences

text: and

text: responds

text: to

text: pain

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: sociocultural

text: characteristics

text: such

text: as

text: gender

text: ethnicity

text: and

text: age

text: An

text: aging

text: adult

text: may

text: not

text: respond

text: to

text: pain

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: that

text: a

text: younger

text: person

text: would

text: Their

text: ability

text: to

text: recognize

text: pain

text: may

text: be

text: blunted

text: by

text: illness

text: or

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: multiple

text: prescription

text: drugs

text: Depression

text: may

text: also

text: keep

text: the

text: older

text: adult

text: from

text: reporting

text: they

text: are

text: in

text: pain

text: The

text: older

text: adult

text: may

text: also

text: quit

text: doing

text: activities

text: they

text: love

text: because

text: it

text: hurts

text: too

text: much

text: Decline

text: in

text: self

text: care

text: activities

text: dressing

text: grooming

text: walking

text: etc

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: indicators

text: that

text: the

text: older

text: adult

text: is

text: experiencing

text: pain

text: The

text: older

text: adult

text: may

text: refrain

text: from

text: reporting

text: pain

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: afraid

text: they

text: will

text: have

text: to

text: have

text: surgery

text: or

text: will

text: be

text: put

text: on

text: a

text: drug

text: they

text: might

text: become

text: addicted

text: to

text: They

text: may

text: not

text: want

text: others

text: to

text: see

text: them

text: as

text: weak

text: or

text: may

text: feel

text: there

text: is

text: something

text: impolite

text: or

text: shameful

text: in

text: complaining

text: about

text: pain

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: feel

text: the

text: pain

text: is

text: deserved

text: punishment

text: for

text: past

text: transgressions

question: What does the experience of pain have throughout cultures?

answer: dimensions

text: dimensions

question: What might an aging adult not respond to the same way as a younger person would?

answer: pain

text: pain

question: Aging adult's ability to recognize pain may be blunted by what?

answer: illness

text: illness

question: Why may older adults quit doing activities the love?

answer: because it hurts too much

text: because it hurts too much

question: An older adult may also not report pain because they're scared they may be put on what?

answer: a drug

text: a drug

question: How many dimensions does the cultural experience of pain have?

text: many

question: What are examples of sociocharacteristics?

text: gender, ethnicity, and age.

question: What condition may cause an older adult to report they are in pain?

text: Depression

question: What are reasons a younger adult might refrain from reporting pain?


text: On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or older (as of 2004). Catalan is studied as a foreign language by 30% of the primary education students, and by 15% of the secondary. The cultural association La Bressola promotes a network of community-run schools engaged in Catalan language immersion programs.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: there

text: are

text: several

text: language

text: shift

text: processes

text: currently

text: taking

text: place

text: In

text: Northern

text: Catalonia

text: Catalan

text: has

text: followed

text: the

text: same

text: trend

text: as

text: the

text: other

text: minority

text: languages

text: of

text: France

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: native

text: speakers

text: being

text: or

text: older

text: as

text: of

text: Catalan

text: is

text: studied

text: as

text: a

text: foreign

text: language

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: education

text: students

text: and

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: secondary

text: The

text: cultural

text: association

text: La

text: Bressola

text: promotes

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: community

text: run

text: schools

text: engaged

text: in

text: Catalan

text: language

text: immersion

text: programs

question: What kind of  shifts are taking place in Catalan speaking areas?

answer: language shift processes

text: language shift processes

question: How old are most of the native language speakers in northern Catalonia?

answer: 60 or older

text: 60 or older

question: When was it determined that most native speakers in France are 60 or older?

answer: 2004

question: What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language?

answer: 30%

question: What do 15% of secondary school students study as a foreign language?

answer: Catalan

text: Catalan


text: Chapter X examines whether patterns in the fossil record are better explained by common descent and branching evolution through natural selection, than by the individual creation of fixed species. Darwin expected species to change slowly, but not at the same rate – some organisms such as Lingula were unchanged since the earliest fossils. The pace of natural selection would depend on variability and change in the environment. This distanced his theory from Lamarckian laws of inevitable progress. It has been argued that this anticipated the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, but other scholars have preferred to emphasise Darwin's commitment to gradualism. He cited Richard Owen's findings that the earliest members of a class were a few simple and generalised species with characteristics intermediate between modern forms, and were followed by increasingly diverse and specialised forms, matching the branching of common descent from an ancestor. Patterns of extinction matched his theory, with related groups of species having a continued existence until extinction, then not reappearing. Recently extinct species were more similar to living species than those from earlier eras, and as he had seen in South America, and William Clift had shown in Australia, fossils from recent geological periods resembled species still living in the same area.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: Chapter

text: X

text: examines

text: whether

text: patterns

text: in

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: are

text: better

text: explained

text: by

text: common

text: descent

text: and

text: branching

text: evolution

text: through

text: natural

text: selection

text: than

text: by

text: the

text: individual

text: creation

text: of

text: fixed

text: species

text: Darwin

text: expected

text: species

text: to

text: change

text: slowly

text: but

text: not

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: rate

text: some

text: organisms

text: such

text: as

text: Lingula

text: were

text: unchanged

text: since

text: the

text: earliest

text: fossils

text: The

text: pace

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: would

text: depend

text: on

text: variability

text: and

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: environment

text: This

text: distanced

text: his

text: theory

text: from

text: Lamarckian

text: laws

text: of

text: inevitable

text: progress

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: argued

text: that

text: this

text: anticipated

text: the

text: punctuated

text: equilibrium

text: hypothesis

text: but

text: other

text: scholars

text: have

text: preferred

text: to

text: emphasise

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: commitment

text: to

text: gradualism

text: He

text: cited

text: Richard

text: Owen

text: 's

text: findings

text: that

text: the

text: earliest

text: members

text: of

text: a

text: class

text: were

text: a

text: few

text: simple

text: and

text: generalised

text: species

text: with

text: characteristics

text: intermediate

text: between

text: modern

text: forms

text: and

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: increasingly

text: diverse

text: and

text: specialised

text: forms

text: matching

text: the

text: branching

text: of

text: common

text: descent

text: from

text: an

text: ancestor

text: Patterns

text: of

text: extinction

text: matched

text: his

text: theory

text: with

text: related

text: groups

text: of

text: species

text: having

text: a

text: continued

text: existence

text: until

text: extinction

text: then

text: not

text: reappearing

text: Recently

text: extinct

text: species

text: were

text: more

text: similar

text: to

text: living

text: species

text: than

text: those

text: from

text: earlier

text: eras

text: and

text: as

text: he

text: had

text: seen

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: William

text: Clift

text: had

text: shown

text: in

text: Australia

text: fossils

text: from

text: recent

text: geological

text: periods

text: resembled

text: species

text: still

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: area

question: How did Darwin expect species to change and evolve?

answer: slowly, but not at the same rate

text: slowly, but not at the same rate

question: What did Darwin believe were the key things needed for variation of species to form?

answer: variability and change in the environment

text: variability and change in the environment

question: Which scientist theorized that the earliest members of a class in a species were simple and generalized?

answer: Richard Owen

text: Richard Owen

question: What did Darwin discover about more recently extinct species?

answer: Recently extinct species were more similar to living species than those from earlier eras

text: Recently extinct species were more similar to living species than those from earlier eras


text: For the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular season CBSSN broadcast games are usually on Saturday nights. As the games are being shown live, the start times are not uniform as with most football broadcast packages, but vary with the time zone in which the home team is located. This means that the AFL may appear either prior to or following the CBSSN's featured Major League Lacrosse game.

title: Arena_Football_League

title: Arena_Football_League

text: For

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: new

text: national

text: broadcast

text: partner

text: was

text: the

text: CBS

text: Sports

text: Network

text: CBSSN

text: would

text: air

text: regular

text: season

text: games

text: and

text: two

text: playoff

text: games

text: CBS

text: would

text: also

text: air

text: the

text: ArenaBowl

text: marking

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: since

text: that

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: finale

text: aired

text: on

text: network

text: television

text: Regular

text: season

text: CBSSN

text: broadcast

text: games

text: are

text: usually

text: on

text: Saturday

text: nights

text: As

text: the

text: games

text: are

text: being

text: shown

text: live

text: the

text: start

text: times

text: are

text: not

text: uniform

text: as

text: with

text: most

text: football

text: broadcast

text: packages

text: but

text: vary

text: with

text: the

text: time

text: zone

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: home

text: team

text: is

text: located

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: AFL

text: may

text: appear

text: either

text: prior

text: to

text: or

text: following

text: the

text: CBSSN

text: 's

text: featured

text: Major

text: League

text: Lacrosse

text: game

question: Who was the AFL's 2013 national broadcast partner?

answer: CBS Sports Network

text: CBS Sports Network

question: How many regular season games were shown by CBS Sports Network in 2013?

answer: 19

question: How many 2013 playoff games did CBSSN broadcast?

answer: two

text: two

question: On what channel was the 2013 ArenaBowl broadcast?

answer: CBS

text: CBS

question: In 2013, on what day were Arena Football League games usually broadcast on CBS Sports Network?

answer: Saturday

text: Saturday


text: According to heraldic sources total number of legal ennoblements issued between the 14th century and the mid-18th century, is estimated at approximately 800. This is an average of only about two ennoblements per year or only 0.000 000 14 – 0.000 001 of historical population. Compare: historical demography of Poland.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: According

text: to

text: heraldic

text: sources

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: legal

text: ennoblements

text: issued

text: between

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: century

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: approximately

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: only

text: about

text: two

text: ennoblements

text: per

text: year

text: or

text: only

text: of

text: historical

text: population

text: Compare

text: historical

text: demography

text: of

text: Poland

question: Around what time was the total legal number of ennoblement at 800?

answer: between the 14th century and the mid-18th century,

text: between the 14th century and the mid-18th century,

question: What is average for ennoblements between 14th and min 18th century.

answer: two ennoblements per year

text: two ennoblements per year

question: What type of sources give information regarding total number of enablements?

answer: heraldic sources

text: heraldic sources


text: The social identity of the children was strongly determined by the tribe's kinship system. Among the matrilineal tribes of the Southeast, the mixed-race children generally were accepted as and identified as Indian, as they gained their social status from their mother's clans and tribes, and often grew up with their mothers and their male relatives. By contrast, among the patrilineal Omaha, for example, the child of a white man and Omaha woman was considered "white"; such mixed-race children and their mothers would be protected, but the children could formally belong to the tribe as members only if adopted by a man.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: The

text: social

text: identity

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: was

text: strongly

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: tribe

text: 's

text: kinship

text: system

text: Among

text: the

text: matrilineal

text: tribes

text: of

text: the

text: Southeast

text: the

text: mixed

text: race

text: children

text: generally

text: were

text: accepted

text: as

text: and

text: identified

text: as

text: Indian

text: as

text: they

text: gained

text: their

text: social

text: status

text: from

text: their

text: mother

text: 's

text: clans

text: and

text: tribes

text: and

text: often

text: grew

text: up

text: with

text: their

text: mothers

text: and

text: their

text: male

text: relatives

text: By

text: contrast

text: among

text: the

text: patrilineal

text: Omaha

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: child

text: of

text: a

text: white

text: man

text: and

text: Omaha

text: woman

text: was

text: considered

text: white

text: such

text: mixed

text: race

text: children

text: and

text: their

text: mothers

text: would

text: be

text: protected

text: but

text: the

text: children

text: could

text: formally

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: tribe

text: as

text: members

text: only

text: if

text: adopted

text: by

text: a

text: man

question: What determined a child's social identity?

answer: the tribe's kinship system

text: the tribe's kinship system

question: What heritage system do Southeast tribes use?

answer: matrilineal

text: matrilineal

question: What were multiracial children with a tribal mother considered to be in tribes of the Southeast?

answer: Indian

text: Indian

question: What race did the Omaha view a multiracial child with a white father to be?

answer: white

text: white

question: What did not determine the social identity of the children?

text: tribe's kinship system

question: What was the status of mixed race children in the tribes of the Northwest?

text: accepted as and identified as Indian

question: What was the child of a white woman and a Omaha man considered?

text: white

question: Who would not protect mixed-race children and their mothers?

text: Omaha

question: Who could formally belong to the tribe if they were adopted by a woman?

text: children


text: With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Department of History of the University of Pittsburgh, writes that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates essentially ended with Jiajing's reign while Ming influence in the Amdo region was supplanted by the Mongols.

title: Sino

title: Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty

text: With

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Zhengde

text: and

text: ascension

text: of

text: Jiajing

text: the

text: politics

text: at

text: court

text: shifted

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: Neo

text: Confucian

text: establishment

text: which

text: not

text: only

text: rejected

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: embassy

text: of

text: Fernão

text: Pires

text: de

text: Andrade

text: d.

text: but

text: had

text: a

text: predisposed

text: animosity

text: towards

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: lamas

text: Evelyn

text: S.

text: Rawski

text: a

text: professor

text: in

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pittsburgh

text: writes

text: that

text: the

text: Ming

text: 's

text: unique

text: relationship

text: with

text: Tibetan

text: prelates

text: essentially

text: ended

text: with

text: Jiajing

text: 's

text: reign

text: while

text: Ming

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: Amdo

text: region

text: was

text: supplanted

text: by

text: the

text: Mongols

question: Who was Zhengde's successor?

answer: Jiajing

text: Jiajing

question: What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of?

answer: Neo-Confucian establishment

text: Neo-Confucian establishment

question: Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?

answer: the Portuguese embassy

text: the Portuguese embassy

question: Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?

answer: Tibetan Buddhism and lamas

text: Tibetan Buddhism and lamas

question: Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign?

answer: Jiajing

text: Jiajing


text: The New Haven Division buses follow routes that had originally been covered by trolley service. Horse-drawn steetcars began operating in New Haven in the 1860s, and by the mid-1890s all the lines had become electric. In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trolley route converted to bus in 1948. The City of New Haven is in the very early stages of considering the restoration of streetcar (light-rail) service, which has been absent since the postwar period.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: The

text: New

text: Haven

text: Division

text: buses

text: follow

text: routes

text: that

text: had

text: originally

text: been

text: covered

text: by

text: trolley

text: service

text: Horse

text: drawn

text: steetcars

text: began

text: operating

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: all

text: the

text: lines

text: had

text: become

text: electric

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: trolley

text: lines

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: bus

text: lines

text: with

text: the

text: last

text: trolley

text: route

text: converted

text: to

text: bus

text: in

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: very

text: early

text: stages

text: of

text: considering

text: the

text: restoration

text: of

text: streetcar

text: light

text: rail

text: service

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: absent

text: since

text: the

text: postwar

text: period

question: What form of public transportation preceded the current New Haven Division bus routes?

answer: trolley service

text: trolley service

question: What decade ushered in the operation of horse-drawn carriages in New Haven?

answer: the 1860s

text: the 1860s

question: What advancement was made to New Haven trolley lines in the mid 1890's?

answer: all the lines had become electric

text: all the lines had become electric

question: What mode of public transportation in New Haven phased out the trolley service in the 1920's and 1930's?

answer: bus lines

text: bus lines

question: In what year was the final trolley route in New Haven converted to a bus line?

answer: 1948

question: Buses in New Haven uses what kind of route for their service?

answer: trolley

text: trolley

question: Before 20th century, what was the form of public transportation in the city?

answer: Horse-drawn steetcars

text: Horse-drawn steetcars

question: In what year were trolleys finally replaced completely by buses?

answer: 1948

question: What further ideas for public transportation is the city currently considering?

answer: streetcar (light-rail) service

text: streetcar (light-rail) service


text: Many websites converted their home page to black and white; Sina.com and Sohu, major internet portals, limited their homepages to news items and removed all advertisements. Chinese video sharing websites Youku and Tudou displayed a black background and placed multiple videos showing earthquake footage and news reports. The Chinese version of MSN, cn.msn.com, also displayed banner ads about the earthquake and the relief efforts. Other entertainment websites, including various gaming sites, such as the Chinese servers for World of Warcraft, had shut down altogether, or had corresponding links to earthquake donations. After the moments of silence, in Tiananmen Square, crowds spontaneously burst out cheering various slogans, including "Long Live China". Casinos in Macau closed down.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: Many

text: websites

text: converted

text: their

text: home

text: page

text: to

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: Sina.com

text: and

text: Sohu

text: major

text: internet

text: portals

text: limited

text: their

text: homepages

text: to

text: news

text: items

text: and

text: removed

text: all

text: advertisements

text: Chinese

text: video

text: sharing

text: websites

text: Youku

text: and

text: Tudou

text: displayed

text: a

text: black

text: background

text: and

text: placed

text: multiple

text: videos

text: showing

text: earthquake

text: footage

text: and

text: news

text: reports

text: The

text: Chinese

text: version

text: of

text: MSN

text: cn.msn.com

text: also

text: displayed

text: banner

text: ads

text: about

text: the

text: earthquake

text: and

text: the

text: relief

text: efforts

text: Other

text: entertainment

text: websites

text: including

text: various

text: gaming

text: sites

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Chinese

text: servers

text: for

text: World

text: of

text: Warcraft

text: had

text: shut

text: down

text: altogether

text: or

text: had

text: corresponding

text: links

text: to

text: earthquake

text: donations

text: After

text: the

text: moments

text: of

text: silence

text: in

text: Tiananmen

text: Square

text: crowds

text: spontaneously

text: burst

text: out

text: cheering

text: various

text: slogans

text: including

text: Long

text: Live

text: China

text: Casinos

text: in

text: Macau

text: closed

text: down

question: What colors did many websites convert their home pages to?

answer: black and white

text: black and white

question: What did internet portals remove from their home pages?

answer: all advertisements

text: all advertisements

question: Many of what shut down completely?

answer: various gaming sites

text: various gaming sites

question: What did the crowds in Tiananmen Square do after the moment of silence?

answer: burst out cheering

text: burst out cheering

question: What business closed in Macau?

answer: Casinos

text: Casinos


text: Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression. Lossless formats include FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Apple Lossless and many others.

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Besides

text: lossy

text: compression

text: methods

text: lossless

text: formats

text: are

text: a

text: significant

text: alternative

text: to

text: because

text: they

text: provide

text: unaltered

text: audio

text: content

text: though

text: with

text: an

text: increased

text: file

text: size

text: compared

text: to

text: lossy

text: compression

text: Lossless

text: formats

text: include

text: FLAC

text: Free

text: Lossless

text: Audio

text: Codec

text: Apple

text: Lossless

text: and

text: many

text: others

question: What is a significant alternative to MP3?

answer: lossless formats

text: lossless formats

question: What can lossless formats provide?

answer: unaltered audio content

text: unaltered audio content

question: What is the downside of using a lossless format?

answer: increased file size

text: increased file size

question: What is another example of a lossless format other than Apple Lossless?

answer: FLAC

text: FLAC

question: What does FLAC stand for?

answer: Free Lossless Audio Codec

text: Free Lossless Audio Codec


text: Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the "mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood". Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused. Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision. Furthermore, the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird was physically impaired, which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of, but also crippled him in other ways. Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as "stupid, pathetic, defenseless, and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites, rather than his own intelligence to save him". Although Tom is spared from being lynched, he is killed with excessive violence during an attempted escape from prison, shot seventeen times.

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

text: Scholar

text: Patrick

text: Chura

text: who

text: suggests

text: Emmett

text: Till

text: was

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: enumerates

text: the

text: injustices

text: endured

text: by

text: the

text: fictional

text: Tom

text: that

text: Till

text: also

text: faced

text: Chura

text: notes

text: the

text: icon

text: of

text: the

text: black

text: rapist

text: causing

text: harm

text: to

text: the

text: representation

text: of

text: the

text: mythologized

text: vulnerable

text: and

text: sacred

text: Southern

text: womanhood

text: Any

text: transgressions

text: by

text: black

text: males

text: that

text: merely

text: hinted

text: at

text: sexual

text: contact

text: with

text: white

text: females

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: novel

text: was

text: set

text: often

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: punishment

text: of

text: death

text: for

text: the

text: accused

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: 's

text: trial

text: was

text: juried

text: by

text: poor

text: white

text: farmers

text: who

text: convicted

text: him

text: despite

text: overwhelming

text: evidence

text: of

text: his

text: innocence

text: as

text: more

text: educated

text: and

text: moderate

text: white

text: townspeople

text: supported

text: the

text: jury

text: 's

text: decision

text: Furthermore

text: the

text: victim

text: of

text: racial

text: injustice

text: in

text: To

text: Kill

text: a

text: Mockingbird

text: was

text: physically

text: impaired

text: which

text: made

text: him

text: unable

text: to

text: commit

text: the

text: act

text: he

text: was

text: accused

text: of

text: but

text: also

text: crippled

text: him

text: in

text: other

text: ways

text: Roslyn

text: Siegel

text: includes

text: Tom

text: Robinson

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: recurring

text: motif

text: among

text: white

text: Southern

text: writers

text: of

text: the

text: black

text: man

text: as

text: stupid

text: pathetic

text: defenseless

text: and

text: dependent

text: upon

text: the

text: fair

text: dealing

text: of

text: the

text: whites

text: rather

text: than

text: his

text: own

text: intelligence

text: to

text: save

text: him

text: Although

text: Tom

text: is

text: spared

text: from

text: being

text: lynched

text: he

text: is

text: killed

text: with

text: excessive

text: violence

text: during

text: an

text: attempted

text: escape

text: from

text: prison

text: shot

text: seventeen

text: times

question: The main jurors in Tom Robinson's trial were all which race?

answer: white

text: white

question: How did Tom Robinson die in the novel?

answer: shot seventeen times

text: shot seventeen times

question: At the time of the novel's setting, what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman?

answer: death

text: death

question: Who comprised Tom's jury?

answer: poor white farmers

text: poor white farmers

question: How many times was Tom shot?

answer: seventeen

text: seventeen


text: Unusually among the Olympic deities, Apollo had two cult sites that had widespread influence: Delos and Delphi. In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as Apollodorus or Apollonios and cities named Apollonia testify to his popularity. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. In the 2nd and 3rd century CE, those at Didyma and Clarus pronounced the so-called "theological oracles", in which Apollo confirms that all deities are aspects or servants of an all-encompassing, highest deity. "In the 3rd century, Apollo fell silent. Julian the Apostate (359 - 61) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed."

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: Unusually

text: among

text: the

text: Olympic

text: deities

text: Apollo

text: had

text: two

text: cult

text: sites

text: that

text: had

text: widespread

text: influence

text: Delos

text: and

text: Delphi

text: In

text: cult

text: practice

text: Delian

text: Apollo

text: and

text: Pythian

text: Apollo

text: the

text: Apollo

text: of

text: Delphi

text: were

text: so

text: distinct

text: that

text: they

text: might

text: both

text: have

text: shrines

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: locality

text: Apollo

text: 's

text: cult

text: was

text: already

text: fully

text: established

text: when

text: written

text: sources

text: commenced

text: about

text: BCE

text: Apollo

text: became

text: extremely

text: important

text: to

text: the

text: Greek

text: world

text: as

text: an

text: oracular

text: deity

text: in

text: the

text: archaic

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: frequency

text: of

text: theophoric

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: Apollodorus

text: or

text: Apollonios

text: and

text: cities

text: named

text: Apollonia

text: testify

text: to

text: his

text: popularity

text: Oracular

text: sanctuaries

text: to

text: Apollo

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: other

text: sites

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: CE

text: those

text: at

text: Didyma

text: and

text: Clarus

text: pronounced

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: theological

text: oracles

text: in

text: which

text: Apollo

text: confirms

text: that

text: all

text: deities

text: are

text: aspects

text: or

text: servants

text: of

text: an

text: all

text: encompassing

text: highest

text: deity

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Apollo

text: fell

text: silent

text: Julian

text: the

text: Apostate

text: tried

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: Delphic

text: oracle

text: but

text: failed

question: which two cult sites had widespread infuence?

answer: Delos and Delphi

text: Delos and Delphi

question: Who tried to revive the Delphic oracle?

answer: Julian the Apostate

text: Julian the Apostate

question: In what did Apollo confirm that all deities are aspects of servants of an all-encopassing highest deity?

answer: theological oracles

text: theological oracles


text: Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable. A diversity of architectural styles is represented: Berzelius, Donn Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910); Book and Snake, Louis R. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901); Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed on an early 17th-century foundation although the building is from the 18th century); Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Building constructed in a mid-century modern style; Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70); Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed); St. Elmo, (former tomb) Kenneth M. Murchison, 1912, designs inspired by Elizabethan manor. Current location, brick colonial; Shabtai, 1882, the Anderson Mansion built in the Second Empire architectural style; and Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected 1923-4).

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: 's

text: secret

text: society

text: buildings

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: called

text: tombs

text: were

text: built

text: both

text: to

text: be

text: private

text: yet

text: unmistakable

text: A

text: diversity

text: of

text: architectural

text: styles

text: is

text: represented

text: Berzelius

text: Donn

text: Barber

text: in

text: an

text: austere

text: cube

text: with

text: classical

text: detailing

text: erected

text: in

text: or

text: Book

text: and

text: Snake

text: Louis

text: R.

text: Metcalfe

text: in

text: a

text: Greek

text: Ionic

text: style

text: erected

text: in

text: Elihu

text: architect

text: unknown

text: but

text: built

text: in

text: a

text: Colonial

text: style

text: constructed

text: on

text: an

text: early

text: century

text: foundation

text: although

text: the

text: building

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: Mace

text: and

text: Chain

text: in

text: a

text: late

text: colonial

text: early

text: Victorian

text: style

text: built

text: in

text: Interior

text: moulding

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: belonged

text: to

text: Benedict

text: Arnold

text: Manuscript

text: Society

text: King

text: Lui

text: Wu

text: with

text: Dan

text: Kniley

text: responsible

text: for

text: landscaping

text: and

text: Josef

text: Albers

text: for

text: the

text: brickwork

text: intaglio

text: mural

text: Building

text: constructed

text: in

text: a

text: mid

text: century

text: modern

text: style

text: Scroll

text: and

text: Key

text: Richard

text: Morris

text: Hunt

text: in

text: a

text: Moorish-

text: or

text: Islamic

text: inspired

text: Beaux

text: Arts

text: style

text: erected

text: Skull

text: and

text: Bones

text: possibly

text: Alexander

text: Jackson

text: Davis

text: or

text: Henry

text: Austin

text: in

text: an

text: Egypto

text: Doric

text: style

text: utilizing

text: Brownstone

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: wing

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: wing

text: the

text: Neo

text: Gothic

text: towers

text: in

text: rear

text: garden

text: were

text: completed

text: St.

text: Elmo

text: former

text: tomb

text: Kenneth

text: M.

text: Murchison

text: designs

text: inspired

text: by

text: Elizabethan

text: manor

text: Current

text: location

text: brick

text: colonial

text: Shabtai

text: the

text: Anderson

text: Mansion

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Empire

text: architectural

text: style

text: and

text: Wolf

text: 's

text: Head

text: Bertram

text: Grosvenor

text: Goodhue

text: erected

question: What is another term for some of Yale's secret society buildings?

answer: tombs

text: tombs

question: Who is the interior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to?

answer: Benedict Arnold

text: Benedict Arnold

question: Who was responsible for landscaping the Manuscript Society building?

answer: Dan Kniley

text: Dan Kniley

question: Who was the architect for St. Elmo?

answer: Kenneth M. Murchison

text: Kenneth M. Murchison

question: Who was the architect behind the Manuscript Society building?

answer: King Lui-Wu

text: King Lui-Wu

question: What is another term for some of Yale's public society buildings?

text: tombs

question: Who is the exterior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to?

text: Benedict Arnold

question: Who was unresponsible for landscaping the Manuscript Society building?

text: Dan Kniley

question: Who wasn't the architect for St. Elmo?

text: Kenneth M. Murchison

question: Who wasn't the architect behind the Manuscript Society building?

text: King Lui-Wu