text: The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU) listed in the Treaty on European Union (TEU). The capital stock of the bank is owned by the central banks of all 28 EU member states.[dated info] The Treaty of Amsterdam established the bank in 1998, and it is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. As of 2015[update] the President of the ECB is Mario Draghi, former governor of the Bank of Italy, former member of the World Bank, and former managing director of the Goldman Sachs international division (2002–2005). The bank primarily occupied the Eurotower prior to, and during, the construction of the new headquarters.

title: European_Central_Bank

title: European_Central_Bank

text: The

text: European

text: Central

text: Bank

text: ECB

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: bank

text: for

text: the

text: euro

text: and

text: administers

text: monetary

text: policy

text: of

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: currency

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: central

text: banks

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: listed

text: in

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: European

text: Union

text: TEU

text: The

text: capital

text: stock

text: of

text: the

text: bank

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: central

text: banks

text: of

text: all

text: EU

text: member

text: states.[dated

text: info

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Amsterdam

text: established

text: the

text: bank

text: in

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Frankfurt

text: Germany

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: ECB

text: is

text: Mario

text: Draghi

text: former

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: Bank

text: of

text: Italy

text: former

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Bank

text: and

text: former

text: managing

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Goldman

text: Sachs

text: international

text: division

text: The

text: bank

text: primarily

text: occupied

text: the

text: Eurotower

text: prior

text: to

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: headquarters

question: What former managing director od Goldman Sachs international division is president of The European Central Bank?

answer: Mario Draghi

text: Mario Draghi

question: What is the official, central bank for the euro?

answer: The European Central Bank

text: The European Central Bank

question: What is the Eurozone?

answer: consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world

text: consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world

question: Who owns the capital stock of The European Central Bank?

answer: the central banks of all 28 EU member states

text: the central banks of all 28 EU member states

question: What established The European Central Bank?

answer: The Treaty of Amsterdam

text: The Treaty of Amsterdam

question: What former managing director of Goldman Sachs international division is no longer president of The European Central Bank?

text: Mario Draghi

question: What is the unofficial, central bank for the euro?

text: The European Central Bank

question: What is falsely considered the Eurozone?

question: Who owns none of the capital stock of The European Central Bank?

question: What destroyed The European Central Bank?

text: The Treaty of Amsterdam


text: Until the 1960s the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell who ran regular services to Barry and Cardiff as well as Ilfracombe and Lundy Island. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods, one of the reasons for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway was to provide a link between the Bristol Channel and the English Channel. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK. In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: Until

text: the

text: the

text: piers

text: at

text: Weston

text: super

text: Mare

text: Clevedon

text: Portishead

text: and

text: Minehead

text: were

text: served

text: by

text: the

text: paddle

text: steamers

text: of

text: P

text: and

text: A

text: Campbell

text: who

text: ran

text: regular

text: services

text: to

text: Barry

text: and

text: Cardiff

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Ilfracombe

text: and

text: Lundy

text: Island

text: The

text: pier

text: at

text: Burnham

text: on

text: Sea

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: commercial

text: goods

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: reasons

text: for

text: the

text: Somerset

text: and

text: Dorset

text: Joint

text: Railway

text: was

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: The

text: pier

text: at

text: Burnham

text: on

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: shortest

text: pier

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: Royal

text: Portbury

text: Dock

text: was

text: constructed

text: to

text: provide

text: extra

text: capacity

text: for

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Bristol

question: What  did paddle streamers serve until the 1960's

answer: the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell

text: the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell

question: What was the pier on Burnham -on-sea used for

answer: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods

text: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods

question: What is the shortest pier in the UK

answer: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK

text: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK

question: What was constructed in the 1970's

answer: In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol

text: In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol

question: What pier in Somerset could accommodate the biggest ships?

text: Weston-super-Mare

question: What were the piers at Barry primarily used for?

text: commercial goods

question: What is the longest pier in Somerset?

text: Cardiff

question: In what decade was the Lundy Island pier built?

question: In what decade was the Portishead pier closed?


text: Some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions also partake in collaborative institute-industry projects, leading to technology commercialization, made possible through the scope of Polytechnics Canada; a national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Some

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: most

text: esteemed

text: colleges

text: and

text: polytechnic

text: institutions

text: also

text: partake

text: in

text: collaborative

text: institute

text: industry

text: projects

text: leading

text: to

text: technology

text: commercialization

text: made

text: possible

text: through

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: Polytechnics

text: Canada

text: a

text: national

text: alliance

text: of

text: eleven

text: leading

text: research

text: intensive

text: colleges

text: and

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

question: What is Canada's national alliance of 11 research-focused schools called?

answer: Polytechnics Canada

text: Polytechnics Canada

question: What kind of projects does Polytechnics Canada sponsor that can lead to technology commercialization?

answer: collaborative institute-industry projects

text: collaborative institute-industry projects


text: In Old Chinese, (e.g. Classical Chinese) most words were monosyllabic and there was a close correspondence between characters and words. In modern Chinese (esp. Mandarin Chinese), characters do not necessarily correspond to words; indeed the majority of Chinese words today consist of two or more characters due to the merging and loss of sounds in the Chinese language over time. Rather, a character almost always corresponds to a single syllable that is also a morpheme. However, there are a few exceptions to this general correspondence, including bisyllabic morphemes (written with two characters), bimorphemic syllables (written with two characters) and cases where a single character represents a polysyllabic word or phrase.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: In

text: Old

text: Chinese

text: e.g.

text: Classical

text: Chinese

text: most

text: words

text: were

text: monosyllabic

text: and

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: close

text: correspondence

text: between

text: characters

text: and

text: words

text: In

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: esp

text: Mandarin

text: Chinese

text: characters

text: do

text: not

text: necessarily

text: correspond

text: to

text: words

text: indeed

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Chinese

text: words

text: today

text: consist

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: characters

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: merging

text: and

text: loss

text: of

text: sounds

text: in

text: the

text: Chinese

text: language

text: over

text: time

text: Rather

text: a

text: character

text: almost

text: always

text: corresponds

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: syllable

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: morpheme

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: a

text: few

text: exceptions

text: to

text: this

text: general

text: correspondence

text: including

text: bisyllabic

text: morphemes

text: written

text: with

text: two

text: characters

text: bimorphemic

text: syllables

text: written

text: with

text: two

text: characters

text: and

text: cases

text: where

text: a

text: single

text: character

text: represents

text: a

text: polysyllabic

text: word

text: or

text: phrase

question: What are most words in Old Chinese?

answer: monosyllabic

text: monosyllabic

question: What almost always corresponds to a single syllable?

answer: character

text: character

question: What is written with two characters?

answer: bisyllabic morphemes

text: bisyllabic morphemes


text: Hyderabadi cuisine comprises a broad repertoire of rice, wheat and meat dishes and the skilled use of various spices. Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem, with their blend of Mughlai and Arab cuisines, have become iconic dishes of India. Hyderabadi cuisine is highly influenced by Mughlai and to some extent by French, Arabic, Turkish, Iranian and native Telugu and Marathwada cuisines. Other popular native dishes include nihari, chakna, baghara baingan and the desserts qubani ka meetha, double ka meetha and kaddu ki kheer (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabadi

text: cuisine

text: comprises

text: a

text: broad

text: repertoire

text: of

text: rice

text: wheat

text: and

text: meat

text: dishes

text: and

text: the

text: skilled

text: use

text: of

text: various

text: spices

text: Hyderabadi

text: biryani

text: and

text: Hyderabadi

text: haleem

text: with

text: their

text: blend

text: of

text: Mughlai

text: and

text: Arab

text: cuisines

text: have

text: become

text: iconic

text: dishes

text: of

text: India

text: Hyderabadi

text: cuisine

text: is

text: highly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Mughlai

text: and

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: by

text: French

text: Arabic

text: Turkish

text: Iranian

text: and

text: native

text: Telugu

text: and

text: Marathwada

text: cuisines

text: Other

text: popular

text: native

text: dishes

text: include

text: nihari

text: chakna

text: baghara

text: baingan

text: and

text: the

text: desserts

text: qubani

text: ka

text: meetha

text: double

text: ka

text: meetha

text: and

text: kaddu

text: ki

text: kheer

text: a

text: sweet

text: porridge

text: made

text: with

text: sweet

text: gourd

question: What type of foods are generally thought of as a part of Hyderabadi cuisine?

answer: rice, wheat and meat dishes

text: rice, wheat and meat dishes

question: What is a large influence on Hyderabadi food?

answer: Mughlai

text: Mughlai

question: What is kaddu ki kheer?

answer: a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd

text: a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd

question: What types of cuisine are noted within Hyderabadi haleem?

answer: Mughlai and Arab

text: Mughlai and Arab


text: The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: The

text: practice

text: has

text: received

text: both

text: advocacy

text: and

text: criticism

text: Putting

text: clocks

text: forward

text: benefits

text: retailing

text: sports

text: and

text: other

text: activities

text: that

text: exploit

text: sunlight

text: after

text: working

text: hours

text: but

text: can

text: cause

text: problems

text: for

text: evening

text: entertainment

text: and

text: for

text: other

text: activities

text: tied

text: to

text: sunlight

text: such

text: as

text: farming

text: Although

text: some

text: early

text: proponents

text: of

text: DST

text: aimed

text: to

text: reduce

text: evening

text: use

text: of

text: incandescent

text: lighting

text: which

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: primary

text: use

text: of

text: electricity

text: modern

text: heating

text: and

text: cooling

text: usage

text: patterns

text: differ

text: greatly

text: and

text: research

text: about

text: how

text: DST

text: affects

text: energy

text: use

text: is

text: limited

text: or

text: contradictory

question: What used to be the main draw on electricity?

answer: incandescent lighting

text: incandescent lighting

question: What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST?

answer: retailing

text: retailing

question: In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST?

answer: farming

text: farming

question: Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what?

answer: energy

text: energy


text: Other historians find incongruity in the proposition that the very place where the vast number of the scholars that influenced the scientific revolution received their education should also be the place that inhibits their research and the advancement of science. In fact, more than 80% of the European scientists between 1450–1650 included in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography were university trained, of which approximately 45% held university posts. It was the case that the academic foundations remaining from the Middle Ages were stable, and they did provide for an environment that fostered considerable growth and development. There was considerable reluctance on the part of universities to relinquish the symmetry and comprehensiveness provided by the Aristotelian system, which was effective as a coherent system for understanding and interpreting the world. However, university professors still utilized some autonomy, at least in the sciences, to choose epistemological foundations and methods. For instance, Melanchthon and his disciples at University of Wittenberg were instrumental for integrating Copernican mathematical constructs into astronomical debate and instruction. Another example was the short-lived but fairly rapid adoption of Cartesian epistemology and methodology in European universities, and the debates surrounding that adoption, which led to more mechanistic approaches to scientific problems as well as demonstrated an openness to change. There are many examples which belie the commonly perceived intransigence of universities. Although universities may have been slow to accept new sciences and methodologies as they emerged, when they did accept new ideas it helped to convey legitimacy and respectability, and supported the scientific changes through providing a stable environment for instruction and material resources.

title: University

title: University

text: Other

text: historians

text: find

text: incongruity

text: in

text: the

text: proposition

text: that

text: the

text: very

text: place

text: where

text: the

text: vast

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: scholars

text: that

text: influenced

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: received

text: their

text: education

text: should

text: also

text: be

text: the

text: place

text: that

text: inhibits

text: their

text: research

text: and

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: science

text: In

text: fact

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: scientists

text: between

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Dictionary

text: of

text: Scientific

text: Biography

text: were

text: university

text: trained

text: of

text: which

text: approximately

text: held

text: university

text: posts

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: case

text: that

text: the

text: academic

text: foundations

text: remaining

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: were

text: stable

text: and

text: they

text: did

text: provide

text: for

text: an

text: environment

text: that

text: fostered

text: considerable

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: There

text: was

text: considerable

text: reluctance

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: universities

text: to

text: relinquish

text: the

text: symmetry

text: and

text: comprehensiveness

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: Aristotelian

text: system

text: which

text: was

text: effective

text: as

text: a

text: coherent

text: system

text: for

text: understanding

text: and

text: interpreting

text: the

text: world

text: However

text: university

text: professors

text: still

text: utilized

text: some

text: autonomy

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: the

text: sciences

text: to

text: choose

text: epistemological

text: foundations

text: and

text: methods

text: For

text: instance

text: Melanchthon

text: and

text: his

text: disciples

text: at

text: University

text: of

text: Wittenberg

text: were

text: instrumental

text: for

text: integrating

text: Copernican

text: mathematical

text: constructs

text: into

text: astronomical

text: debate

text: and

text: instruction

text: Another

text: example

text: was

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: but

text: fairly

text: rapid

text: adoption

text: of

text: Cartesian

text: epistemology

text: and

text: methodology

text: in

text: European

text: universities

text: and

text: the

text: debates

text: surrounding

text: that

text: adoption

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: more

text: mechanistic

text: approaches

text: to

text: scientific

text: problems

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: demonstrated

text: an

text: openness

text: to

text: change

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: examples

text: which

text: belie

text: the

text: commonly

text: perceived

text: intransigence

text: of

text: universities

text: Although

text: universities

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: slow

text: to

text: accept

text: new

text: sciences

text: and

text: methodologies

text: as

text: they

text: emerged

text: when

text: they

text: did

text: accept

text: new

text: ideas

text: it

text: helped

text: to

text: convey

text: legitimacy

text: and

text: respectability

text: and

text: supported

text: the

text: scientific

text: changes

text: through

text: providing

text: a

text: stable

text: environment

text: for

text: instruction

text: and

text: material

text: resources

question: What percentage of scientists from 1450–1650 in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography were taught in a university?

answer: more than 80%

text: more than 80%

question: On the part of universities what was their reaction to giving up the Aristotelian system?

answer: considerable reluctance

text: considerable reluctance

question: What university was Melancthon from?

answer: University of Wittenberg

text: University of Wittenberg

question: What type of epistemology was adopted for a short period of time in European universities?

answer: Cartesian

text: Cartesian

question: The acceptance of new concepts and sciences by universities brought these ideas what?

answer: legitimacy and respectability

text: legitimacy and respectability

question: What percentage of students from 1450-1650 in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography were taught at a university?

text: more than 80%

question: What university was Cartesia from?

text: University of Wittenberg

question: What type of epistemology was adopted for a short period of time in MIddle Eastern universities?

text: Cartesian


text: On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: On

text: Thursday

text: September

text: at

text: am

text: local

text: time

text: Mexico

text: City

text: was

text: struck

text: by

text: an

text: earthquake

text: of

text: magnitude

text: on

text: the

text: Richter

text: scale

text: Although

text: this

text: earthquake

text: was

text: not

text: as

text: deadly

text: or

text: destructive

text: as

text: many

text: similar

text: events

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Latin

text: America

text: it

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: disaster

text: politically

text: for

text: the

text: one

text: party

text: government

text: The

text: government

text: was

text: paralyzed

text: by

text: its

text: own

text: bureaucracy

text: and

text: corruption

text: forcing

text: ordinary

text: citizens

text: to

text: create

text: and

text: direct

text: their

text: own

text: rescue

text: efforts

text: and

text: to

text: reconstruct

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: housing

text: that

text: was

text: lost

text: as

text: well

question: What day of the week did the major earthquake strike Mexico City?

answer: Thursday

text: Thursday

question: How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985?

answer: 8.1 on the Richter scale

text: 8.1 on the Richter scale

question: What month did the 8.1 earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985?

answer: September

text: September

question: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985?

answer: paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption

text: paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption

question: Who led the rescue effort after the earthquake of 1985?

answer: ordinary citizens

text: ordinary citizens


text: Along with the rest of South West England, Plymouth has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown. The annual mean temperature is approximately 11 °C (52 °F). Due to the modifying effect of the sea the seasonal range is less than in most other parts of the UK. As a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant, but as a contrast the coldest month of February has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 °C (37 and 39 °F). Snow is rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, but there have been exclusions, namely the European winter storms of 2009-10 which, in early January, covered Plymouth in at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow; more on higher ground. Another period of notable snow occurred from 17–19 December 2010 when up to 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell through the period – though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melt. Over the 1961–1990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than 7 cm (3 in) per year. July and August are the warmest months with mean daily maxima over 19 °C (66 °F).

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: Plymouth

text: has

text: a

text: temperate

text: oceanic

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: Cfb

text: which

text: is

text: generally

text: wetter

text: and

text: milder

text: than

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: England

text: This

text: means

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: exotic

text: plants

text: can

text: be

text: grown

text: The

text: annual

text: mean

text: temperature

text: is

text: approximately

text: C

text: F

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: modifying

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: the

text: seasonal

text: range

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: summer

text: highs

text: are

text: lower

text: than

text: its

text: southerly

text: latitude

text: should

text: warrant

text: but

text: as

text: a

text: contrast

text: the

text: coldest

text: month

text: of

text: February

text: has

text: mean

text: minimum

text: temperatures

text: as

text: mild

text: as

text: between

text: and

text: C

text: and

text: F

text: Snow

text: is

text: rare

text: not

text: usually

text: equating

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: few

text: flakes

text: but

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: exclusions

text: namely

text: the

text: European

text: winter

text: storms

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: early

text: January

text: covered

text: Plymouth

text: in

text: at

text: least

text: inch

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: more

text: on

text: higher

text: ground

text: Another

text: period

text: of

text: notable

text: snow

text: occurred

text: from

text: December

text: when

text: up

text: to

text: inches

text: cm

text: of

text: snow

text: fell

text: through

text: the

text: period

text: though

text: only

text: inches

text: cm

text: would

text: lie

text: at

text: any

text: one

text: time

text: due

text: to

text: melt

text: Over

text: the

text: period

text: annual

text: snowfall

text: accumulation

text: averaged

text: less

text: than

text: cm

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: are

text: the

text: warmest

text: months

text: with

text: mean

text: daily

text: maxima

text: over

text: C

text: F

question: What Köppen climate classification does Plymouth possess?

answer: temperate oceanic

text: temperate oceanic

question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is Plymouth's annual mean temperature?

answer: 52

question: What month in Plymouth has the lowest temperatures?

answer: February

text: February

question: Up to how many centimeters of snow fell on Plymouth between 17 and 19 December 2010?

answer: 20

question: Along with August, what is typically the hottest month in Plymouth?

answer: July

text: July


text: By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: By

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: local

text: authorities

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: had

text: abandoned

text: the

text: examination

text: and

text: moved

text: to

text: a

text: comprehensive

text: system

text: Over

text: that

text: period

text: many

text: secondary

text: modern

text: schools

text: and

text: grammar

text: schools

text: were

text: amalgamated

text: to

text: form

text: large

text: neighbourhood

text: comprehensives

text: whilst

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: schools

text: were

text: built

text: to

text: accommodate

text: a

text: growing

text: school

text: population

text: By

text: the

text: the

text: system

text: had

text: been

text: almost

text: fully

text: implemented

text: with

text: virtually

text: no

text: secondary

text: modern

text: schools

text: remaining

text: Many

text: grammar

text: schools

text: were

text: either

text: closed

text: or

text: changed

text: to

text: comprehensive

text: status

text: Some

text: local

text: authorities

text: including

text: Sandwell

text: and

text: Dudley

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Midlands

text: changed

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: state

text: secondary

text: schools

text: to

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: during

text: the

question: By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?

answer: 1975

question: What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?

answer: neighbourhood comprehensives

text: neighbourhood comprehensives

question: Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what?

answer: comprehensive schools

text: comprehensive schools

question: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?

answer: Sandwell and Dudley

text: Sandwell and Dudley

question: By what year didn't the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?

question: By what year did the 21-plus exam mainly fall out of use?

question: What didn't secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?

text: neighbourhood comprehensives

question: Grammar schools that closed were converted to what?

text: comprehensive schools

question: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '60s?

text: Sandwell and Dudley


text: Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.

title: Strasbourg

title: Strasbourg

text: Strasbourg

text: also

text: offers

text: high

text: class

text: eclecticist

text: buildings

text: in

text: its

text: very

text: extended

text: German

text: district

text: the

text: Neustadt

text: being

text: the

text: main

text: memory

text: of

text: Wilhelmian

text: architecture

text: since

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: in

text: Germany

text: proper

text: suffered

text: intensive

text: damage

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Streets

text: boulevards

text: and

text: avenues

text: are

text: homogeneous

text: surprisingly

text: high

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: stories

text: and

text: broad

text: examples

text: of

text: German

text: urban

text: lay

text: out

text: and

text: of

text: this

text: architectural

text: style

text: that

text: summons

text: and

text: mixes

text: up

text: five

text: centuries

text: of

text: European

text: architecture

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Neo

text: Egyptian

text: Neo

text: Greek

text: and

text: Neo

text: Babylonian

text: styles

text: The

text: former

text: imperial

text: palace

text: Palais

text: du

text: Rhin

text: the

text: most

text: political

text: and

text: thus

text: heavily

text: criticized

text: of

text: all

text: German

text: Strasbourg

text: buildings

text: epitomizes

text: the

text: grand

text: scale

text: and

text: stylistic

text: sturdiness

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: But

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: handsome

text: and

text: ornate

text: buildings

text: of

text: these

text: times

text: are

text: the

text: École

text: internationale

text: des

text: Pontonniers

text: the

text: former

text: Höhere

text: Mädchenschule

text: girls

text: college

text: with

text: its

text: towers

text: turrets

text: and

text: multiple

text: round

text: and

text: square

text: angles

text: and

text: the

text: École

text: des

text: Arts

text: décoratifs

text: with

text: its

text: lavishly

text: ornate

text: façade

text: of

text: painted

text: bricks

text: woodwork

text: and

text: majolica

question: What kind of high class building does Strasbourg offer?

answer: eclecticist

text: eclecticist

question: What war caused severe damage to Germany?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: What was the former imperial palace called?

answer: Palais du Rhin

text: Palais du Rhin

question: What was the former girls college called?

answer: Höhere Mädchenschule

text: Höhere Mädchenschule

question: How high were some of the buildings in urban Germany?

answer: seven stories

text: seven stories

question: What style is the Palais du Rhin?

text: Neo-Egyptian

question: What building style is the Ecole Internationale des Pontonniers?

text: Neo-Babylonian

question: What type of facade does the Palais du Rhin have?

text: painted bricks, woodwork and majolica

question: For what purpose was the Ecole des Arts decoratifs built?

text: girls college

question: How high is the Palais du Rhin?

text: seven stories


text: The single "Killer Queen" from Sheer Heart Attack reached number two on the British charts, and became their first US hit, reaching number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. It combines camp, vaudeville, and British music hall with May's guitar virtuosity. The album's second single, "Now I'm Here", a more traditional hard rock composition, was a number eleven hit in Britain, while the high speed rocker "Stone Cold Crazy" featuring May's uptempo riffs is a precursor to speed metal. In recent years, the album has received acclaim from music publications: In 2006, Classic Rock ranked it number 28 in "The 100 Greatest British Rock Albums Ever", and in 2007, Mojo ranked it No.88 in "The 100 Records That Changed the World". It is also the second of three Queen albums to feature in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

title: Queen_(band)

title: Queen_(band

text: The

text: single

text: Killer

text: Queen

text: from

text: Sheer

text: Heart

text: Attack

text: reached

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: charts

text: and

text: became

text: their

text: first

text: US

text: hit

text: reaching

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: It

text: combines

text: camp

text: vaudeville

text: and

text: British

text: music

text: hall

text: with

text: May

text: 's

text: guitar

text: virtuosity

text: The

text: album

text: 's

text: second

text: single

text: Now

text: I

text: 'm

text: Here

text: a

text: more

text: traditional

text: hard

text: rock

text: composition

text: was

text: a

text: number

text: eleven

text: hit

text: in

text: Britain

text: while

text: the

text: high

text: speed

text: rocker

text: Stone

text: Cold

text: Crazy

text: featuring

text: May

text: 's

text: uptempo

text: riffs

text: is

text: a

text: precursor

text: to

text: speed

text: metal

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: album

text: has

text: received

text: acclaim

text: from

text: music

text: publications

text: In

text: Classic

text: Rock

text: ranked

text: it

text: number

text: in

text: The

text: Greatest

text: British

text: Rock

text: Albums

text: Ever

text: and

text: in

text: Mojo

text: ranked

text: it

text: in

text: The

text: Records

text: That

text: Changed

text: the

text: World

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: three

text: Queen

text: albums

text: to

text: feature

text: in

text: the

text: book

text: Albums

text: You

text: Must

text: Hear

text: Before

text: You

text: Die

question: Which song was Queen's first US hit?

answer: Killer Queen

text: Killer Queen

question: Queen's song Now I'm Here reached what number on the British charts?

answer: eleven

text: eleven

question: What Queen song is known as an early speed metal song?

answer: Stone Cold Crazy

text: Stone Cold Crazy

question: What music style was found along with camp and vaudeville on the song Killer Queen?

answer: British music hall

text: British music hall

question: Killer Queen reached what number on the Billboard Hot 100?

answer: 12


text: Arthur Collier published similar assertions though there seems to have been no influence between the two contemporary writers. The only knowable reality is the represented image of an external object. Matter as a cause of that image, is unthinkable and therefore nothing to us. An external world as absolute matter unrelated to an observer does not exist as far as we are concerned. The universe cannot exist as it appears if there is no perceiving mind. Collier was influenced by An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World by "Cambridge Platonist" John Norris (1701).

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: Arthur

text: Collier

text: published

text: similar

text: assertions

text: though

text: there

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: no

text: influence

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: contemporary

text: writers

text: The

text: only

text: knowable

text: reality

text: is

text: the

text: represented

text: image

text: of

text: an

text: external

text: object

text: Matter

text: as

text: a

text: cause

text: of

text: that

text: image

text: is

text: unthinkable

text: and

text: therefore

text: nothing

text: to

text: us

text: An

text: external

text: world

text: as

text: absolute

text: matter

text: unrelated

text: to

text: an

text: observer

text: does

text: not

text: exist

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: we

text: are

text: concerned

text: The

text: universe

text: can

text: not

text: exist

text: as

text: it

text: appears

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: perceiving

text: mind

text: Collier

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: An

text: Essay

text: Towards

text: the

text: Theory

text: of

text: the

text: Ideal

text: or

text: Intelligible

text: World

text: by

text: Cambridge

text: Platonist

text: John

text: Norris

question: Who was known as the "Cambridge Platonist"?

answer: John Norris

text: John Norris

question: Who was notably influenced by John Norris?

answer: Arthur Collier

text: Arthur Collier

question: When was An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World written?

answer: 1701

question: What sort of reality did Collier believe was knowable?

answer: represented image of an external object

text: represented image of an external object

question: What did Collier write?

question: When did Collier publish his ideas?

question: What was Collier's nickname?

text: Cambridge Platonist

question: Who did Collier influence?

text: John Norris

question: How many contemporary writers did Collier have?

text: two


text: The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: The

text: basic

text: equipment

text: or

text: kit

text: players

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: wear

text: includes

text: a

text: shirt

text: shorts

text: socks

text: footwear

text: and

text: adequate

text: shin

text: guards

text: An

text: athletic

text: supporter

text: and

text: protective

text: cup

text: is

text: highly

text: recommended

text: for

text: male

text: players

text: by

text: medical

text: experts

text: and

text: professionals

text: Headgear

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: required

text: piece

text: of

text: basic

text: equipment

text: but

text: players

text: today

text: may

text: choose

text: to

text: wear

text: it

text: to

text: protect

text: themselves

text: from

text: head

text: injury

text: Players

text: are

text: forbidden

text: to

text: wear

text: or

text: use

text: anything

text: that

text: is

text: dangerous

text: to

text: themselves

text: or

text: another

text: player

text: such

text: as

text: jewellery

text: or

text: watches

text: The

text: goalkeeper

text: must

text: wear

text: clothing

text: that

text: is

text: easily

text: distinguishable

text: from

text: that

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: players

text: and

text: the

text: match

text: officials

question: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?

answer: kit

text: kit

question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?

answer: An athletic supporter and protective cup

text: An athletic supporter and protective cup

question: Who wears clothing that easily sets them apart from everyone else on the field?

answer: goalkeeper

text: goalkeeper

question: wearing anything that could be dangerous is what?

answer: forbidden

text: forbidden

question: What is not required but can be chosen to protect a player from head injuries?

answer: Headgear

text: Headgear

question: What is the equipment a player wears never called?

text: kit

question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for female players?

question: Who wears clothing that matches everyone else on the field?

text: goalkeeper

question: Wearing anything that could be dangerous is never what?

text: forbidden

question: What is required to protect a player from head injuries?

text: Headgear


text: Glass was used extensively during the Middle Ages. Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites. Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was also used in jewelry. From the 10th-century onwards, glass was employed in stained glass windows of churches and cathedrals, with famous examples at Chartres Cathedral and the Basilica of Saint Denis. By the 14th-century, architects were designing buildings with walls of stained glass such as Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, (1203–1248) and the East end of Gloucester Cathedral. Stained glass had a major revival with Gothic Revival architecture in the 19th-century. With the Renaissance, and a change in architectural style, the use of large stained glass windows became less prevalent. The use of domestic stained glass increased until most substantial houses had glass windows. These were initially small panes leaded together, but with the changes in technology, glass could be manufactured relatively cheaply in increasingly larger sheets. This led to larger window panes, and, in the 20th-century, to much larger windows in ordinary domestic and commercial buildings.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Glass

text: was

text: used

text: extensively

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: glass

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: across

text: England

text: during

text: archaeological

text: excavations

text: of

text: both

text: settlement

text: and

text: cemetery

text: sites

text: Glass

text: in

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: period

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: objects

text: including

text: vessels

text: beads

text: windows

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: jewelry

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: glass

text: was

text: employed

text: in

text: stained

text: glass

text: windows

text: of

text: churches

text: and

text: cathedrals

text: with

text: famous

text: examples

text: at

text: Chartres

text: Cathedral

text: and

text: the

text: Basilica

text: of

text: Saint

text: Denis

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: architects

text: were

text: designing

text: buildings

text: with

text: walls

text: of

text: stained

text: glass

text: such

text: as

text: Sainte

text: Chapelle

text: Paris

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: end

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: Cathedral

text: Stained

text: glass

text: had

text: a

text: major

text: revival

text: with

text: Gothic

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: With

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: architectural

text: style

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: large

text: stained

text: glass

text: windows

text: became

text: less

text: prevalent

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: domestic

text: stained

text: glass

text: increased

text: until

text: most

text: substantial

text: houses

text: had

text: glass

text: windows

text: These

text: were

text: initially

text: small

text: panes

text: leaded

text: together

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: changes

text: in

text: technology

text: glass

text: could

text: be

text: manufactured

text: relatively

text: cheaply

text: in

text: increasingly

text: larger

text: sheets

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: larger

text: window

text: panes

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: much

text: larger

text: windows

text: in

text: ordinary

text: domestic

text: and

text: commercial

text: buildings

question: When did stained glass make a big comeback?

answer: 19th-century

question: When did stained glass begin to be used for places of worship?

answer: 10th-century

question: When did big windows of stained glass become less common?

answer: the Renaissance

text: the Renaissance

question: What 13th-century building is an example of stained glass walls?

answer: Sainte-Chapelle

text: Sainte-Chapelle

question: What did technological changes allow regular homes to have?

answer: larger windows

text: larger windows

question: When did larger sheets make a big comeback?

question: When did stained glass begin to be used for vessels?

question: When did big windows of stained glass become ordinary?

text: the Renaissance

question: What 20th-century building is an example of stained glass walls?

text: Sainte-Chapelle

question: What did archaeological excavations allow regular homes to have?

text: larger windows


text: On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country. On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations. On October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy. Shell branded gas stations will be rebranded within maximum of five years from the acquisition and the number of gas stations is likely to be reduced. Until then the stations will operate under Shell brand licence.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: On

text: August

text: Royal

text: Dutch

text: Shell

text: and

text: Reitan

text: Group

text: the

text: owner

text: of

text: the

text: brand

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: announced

text: an

text: agreement

text: to

text: re

text: brand

text: some

text: service

text: stations

text: across

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: Finland

text: and

text: Denmark

text: subject

text: to

text: obtaining

text: regulatory

text: approvals

text: under

text: the

text: different

text: competition

text: laws

text: in

text: each

text: country

text: On

text: April

text: Shell

text: announced

text: that

text: the

text: corporation

text: is

text: in

text: process

text: of

text: trying

text: to

text: find

text: a

text: potential

text: buyer

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: operations

text: in

text: Finland

text: and

text: is

text: doing

text: similar

text: market

text: research

text: concerning

text: Swedish

text: operations

text: On

text: October

text: Shell

text: 's

text: gas

text: stations

text: and

text: the

text: heavy

text: vehicle

text: fuel

text: supply

text: networks

text: in

text: Finland

text: and

text: Sweden

text: along

text: with

text: a

text: refinery

text: located

text: in

text: Gothenburg

text: Sweden

text: were

text: sold

text: to

text: a

text: Finnish

text: energy

text: company

text: more

text: precisely

text: to

text: its

text: major

text: shareholding

text: parent

text: company

text: Keele

text: Oy

text: Shell

text: branded

text: gas

text: stations

text: will

text: be

text: rebranded

text: within

text: maximum

text: of

text: five

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: acquisition

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: gas

text: stations

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: reduced

text: Until

text: then

text: the

text: stations

text: will

text: operate

text: under

text: Shell

text: brand

text: licence

question: What company was the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia?

answer: Reitan Group

text: Reitan Group

question: In what year did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group announce an agreement?

answer: 2007

question: How many service stations did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group agree to re-brand?

answer: some 269

text: some 269

question: Shell announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010?

answer: trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland

text: trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland

question: In October 2010, Shell sold what to St1?

answer: gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden

text: gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden

question: How many service stations did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group re-brand in Norway alone?

question: How long will it take to rebrand the service stations in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark?

text: within maximum of five years

question: Who did Shell by gas stations and heavy vehicle supply networks from?

question: When did St1 and Reitan Group announce an agreement?

text: October 2010

question: What parent company did Shell sell to in April 2010?

text: Keele Oy


text: Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano. Another well-known volcano is found on Deception Island, which is famous for a giant eruption in 1970. Minor eruptions are frequent and lava flow has been observed in recent years. Other dormant volcanoes may potentially be active. In 2004, a potentially active underwater volcano was found in the Antarctic Peninsula by American and Canadian researchers.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: Vinson

text: Massif

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: Antarctica

text: at

text: m

text: ft

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Ellsworth

text: Mountains

text: Antarctica

text: contains

text: many

text: other

text: mountains

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: main

text: continent

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: Mount

text: Erebus

text: on

text: Ross

text: Island

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: southernmost

text: active

text: volcano

text: Another

text: well

text: known

text: volcano

text: is

text: found

text: on

text: Deception

text: Island

text: which

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: a

text: giant

text: eruption

text: in

text: Minor

text: eruptions

text: are

text: frequent

text: and

text: lava

text: flow

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: Other

text: dormant

text: volcanoes

text: may

text: potentially

text: be

text: active

text: In

text: a

text: potentially

text: active

text: underwater

text: volcano

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Peninsula

text: by

text: American

text: and

text: Canadian

text: researchers

question: What is the highest peak in Antarctica?

answer: Vinson Massif

text: Vinson Massif

question: How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif?

answer: 4,892 m

text: 4,892 m

question: In what mountainous area of Antarctica is Vinson Massif?

answer: Ellsworth Mountains

text: Ellsworth Mountains

question: What is the Earth's most southern volcano?

answer: Mount Erebus

text: Mount Erebus

question: What type of volcano was located in 2004 by researchers?

answer: underwater

text: underwater

question: What is the highest peak in the world?

text: Vinson Massif

question: What mountains are 4,892 ft high?

text: Ellsworth Mountains

question: What is the worlds most active volcano?

text: Mount Erebus

question: Wha island has the southern most volcano in the world?

text: Ross Island

question: Who found the forst underwater volcano?

text: American and Canadian researchers

question: What is the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 ft?

text: Vinson Massif

question: How tall is Massif Vinson?

text: 4,892 m (16,050 ft)

question: Where is Massif Vinson located?

text: Ellsworth Mountains

question: What is Mount Ross considered to be?

text: the world's southernmost active volcano

question: What island had a volcanic eruption in 1907?

text: Deception Island


text: In Alberta, five bitumen upgraders produce synthetic crude oil and a variety of other products: The Suncor Energy upgrader near Fort McMurray, Alberta produces synthetic crude oil plus diesel fuel; the Syncrude Canada, Canadian Natural Resources, and Nexen upgraders near Fort McMurray produce synthetic crude oil; and the Shell Scotford Upgrader near Edmonton produces synthetic crude oil plus an intermediate feedstock for the nearby Shell Oil Refinery. A sixth upgrader, under construction in 2015 near Redwater, Alberta, will upgrade half of its crude bitumen directly to diesel fuel, with the remainder of the output being sold as feedstock to nearby oil refineries and petrochemical plants.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: In

text: Alberta

text: five

text: bitumen

text: upgraders

text: produce

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: and

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: products

text: The

text: Suncor

text: Energy

text: upgrader

text: near

text: Fort

text: McMurray

text: Alberta

text: produces

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: plus

text: diesel

text: fuel

text: the

text: Syncrude

text: Canada

text: Canadian

text: Natural

text: Resources

text: and

text: Nexen

text: upgraders

text: near

text: Fort

text: McMurray

text: produce

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: and

text: the

text: Shell

text: Scotford

text: Upgrader

text: near

text: Edmonton

text: produces

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: plus

text: an

text: intermediate

text: feedstock

text: for

text: the

text: nearby

text: Shell

text: Oil

text: Refinery

text: A

text: sixth

text: upgrader

text: under

text: construction

text: in

text: near

text: Redwater

text: Alberta

text: will

text: upgrade

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: crude

text: bitumen

text: directly

text: to

text: diesel

text: fuel

text: with

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: output

text: being

text: sold

text: as

text: feedstock

text: to

text: nearby

text: oil

text: refineries

text: and

text: petrochemical

text: plants

question: How many asphalt upgraders operate in Alberta?

answer: five

text: five

question: What synthetic product is produced by upgraders?

answer: crude oil

text: crude oil

question: Besides crude oil, what does the Suncor Energy plant produce?

answer: diesel fuel

text: diesel fuel

question: Where is a sixth upgrader being built in Alberta?

answer: Redwater, Alberta

text: Redwater, Alberta

question: How much of the production of the Redwater plant will into diesel fuel?

answer: half

text: half

question: How many bitumen upgraders produce synthetic crude oil in Edmonton?

text: five

question: When is the seventh upgrader scheduled to be under construction?

question: The sixth upgrader will upgrade two thirds of what?

text: crude bitumen directly to diesel fuel

question: The remainder of the output will be sold to Suncor Energy as what?

text: feedstock

question: Where is the Shell Oil upgrader located?

text: near Fort McMurray


text: Charles Darwin's book The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881) presented the first scientific analysis of earthworms' contributions to soil fertility. Some burrow while others live entirely on the surface, generally in moist leaf litter. The burrowers loosen the soil so that oxygen and water can penetrate it, and both surface and burrowing worms help to produce soil by mixing organic and mineral matter, by accelerating the decomposition of organic matter and thus making it more quickly available to other organisms, and by concentrating minerals and converting them to forms that plants can use more easily. Earthworms are also important prey for birds ranging in size from robins to storks, and for mammals ranging from shrews to badgers, and in some cases conserving earthworms may be essential for conserving endangered birds.

title: Annelid

title: Annelid

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Formation

text: of

text: Vegetable

text: Mould

text: through

text: the

text: Action

text: of

text: Worms

text: presented

text: the

text: first

text: scientific

text: analysis

text: of

text: earthworms

text: contributions

text: to

text: soil

text: fertility

text: Some

text: burrow

text: while

text: others

text: live

text: entirely

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: generally

text: in

text: moist

text: leaf

text: litter

text: The

text: burrowers

text: loosen

text: the

text: soil

text: so

text: that

text: oxygen

text: and

text: water

text: can

text: penetrate

text: it

text: and

text: both

text: surface

text: and

text: burrowing

text: worms

text: help

text: to

text: produce

text: soil

text: by

text: mixing

text: organic

text: and

text: mineral

text: matter

text: by

text: accelerating

text: the

text: decomposition

text: of

text: organic

text: matter

text: and

text: thus

text: making

text: it

text: more

text: quickly

text: available

text: to

text: other

text: organisms

text: and

text: by

text: concentrating

text: minerals

text: and

text: converting

text: them

text: to

text: forms

text: that

text: plants

text: can

text: use

text: more

text: easily

text: Earthworms

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: prey

text: for

text: birds

text: ranging

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: robins

text: to

text: storks

text: and

text: for

text: mammals

text: ranging

text: from

text: shrews

text: to

text: badgers

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: conserving

text: earthworms

text: may

text: be

text: essential

text: for

text: conserving

text: endangered

text: birds

question: Who published a book about worms in 1881?

answer: Charles Darwin

text: Charles Darwin

question: What was the first scientific study of how earthworms help soil?

answer: The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms

text: The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms

question: Where do earthworms prefer to live on the surface?

answer: generally in moist leaf litter

text: generally in moist leaf litter

question: How does burrowers' loosening help the soil?

answer: oxygen and water can penetrate it

text: oxygen and water can penetrate it

question: What is the largest bird that eats earthworms?

answer: storks

text: storks

question: Who published a book about worms in 1781?

text: Charles Darwin

question: What was the only scientific study of how earthworms help soil?

question: Where do earthworms prefer to live in space?

text: generally in moist leaf litter

question: How does burrowers' tightening help the soil?

text: oxygen and water can penetrate it

question: What is the only bird that can eat earthworms?

text: storks


text: Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to environmental hazards. Examples include: space suits, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suits, swimsuits, bee-keeper gear, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and other pieces of protective clothing. Meanwhile, the distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut—since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protective value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their design. Wearing clothes also has social implications. They cover parts of the body that social norms require to be covered, act as a form of adornment, and serve other social purposes.

title: Clothing

title: Clothing

text: Humans

text: have

text: shown

text: extreme

text: inventiveness

text: in

text: devising

text: clothing

text: solutions

text: to

text: environmental

text: hazards

text: Examples

text: include

text: space

text: suits

text: air

text: conditioned

text: clothing

text: armor

text: diving

text: suits

text: swimsuits

text: bee

text: keeper

text: gear

text: motorcycle

text: leathers

text: high

text: visibility

text: clothing

text: and

text: other

text: pieces

text: of

text: protective

text: clothing

text: Meanwhile

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: clothing

text: and

text: protective

text: equipment

text: is

text: not

text: always

text: clear

text: cut

text: since

text: clothes

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: fashionable

text: often

text: have

text: protective

text: value

text: and

text: clothes

text: designed

text: for

text: function

text: often

text: consider

text: fashion

text: in

text: their

text: design

text: Wearing

text: clothes

text: also

text: has

text: social

text: implications

text: They

text: cover

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: that

text: social

text: norms

text: require

text: to

text: be

text: covered

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: adornment

text: and

text: serve

text: other

text: social

text: purposes

question: What animal has shown extreme inventiveness in the clothing it has devised?

answer: Humans

text: Humans

question: What are space suits an example of a solution to?

answer: environmental hazards

text: environmental hazards

question: What type of implication might a certain type of clothing have?

answer: social

text: social

question: What value may clothing designed to be fashionable also have?

answer: protective

text: protective

question: Why are some parts of the body covered?

answer: social norms

text: social norms

question: Humans have shown little inventiveness in what?

question: What does not have social implications

text: Wearing clothes

question: What do social norms not require of clothes?

text: They cover parts of the body

question: The distinction between clothing and what is always clear?

text: protective equipment

question: Clothing that is designed to be fashionable is not also what

text: protective


text: The category of Native American applies to the diverse group of people who lived in North America before European settlement. During the U.S. government's westward expansion, Native Americans were displaced from their land which had been their home for centuries. Instead, they were forced onto reservations which were far smaller and less productive. According to Brest, land belonging to Native Americans was reduced from 138 million acres in 1887 to 52 million acres in 1934. In 1990, the poverty rate for Native Americans was more than triple that of the whites and only 9.4% of Native Americans have completed a bachelor's degree as opposed to 25.2% of whites and 12.2% of African Americans.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: category

text: of

text: Native

text: American

text: applies

text: to

text: the

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: before

text: European

text: settlement

text: During

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: 's

text: westward

text: expansion

text: Native

text: Americans

text: were

text: displaced

text: from

text: their

text: land

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: their

text: home

text: for

text: centuries

text: Instead

text: they

text: were

text: forced

text: onto

text: reservations

text: which

text: were

text: far

text: smaller

text: and

text: less

text: productive

text: According

text: to

text: Brest

text: land

text: belonging

text: to

text: Native

text: Americans

text: was

text: reduced

text: from

text: million

text: acres

text: in

text: to

text: million

text: acres

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: poverty

text: rate

text: for

text: Native

text: Americans

text: was

text: more

text: than

text: triple

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: whites

text: and

text: only

text: of

text: Native

text: Americans

text: have

text: completed

text: a

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: of

text: whites

text: and

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

question: Which groups can be categorized as Native Americans?

answer: people who lived in North America before European settlement

text: people who lived in North America before European settlement

question: When did the Native Americans lose their land?

answer: During the U.S. government's westward expansion

text: During the U.S. government's westward expansion

question: Where were Native Americans forced to live after they lost their land?

answer: reservations

text: reservations

question: How much land did the Native Americans own in 1934?

answer: 52 million acres

text: 52 million acres

question: In relation to whites, what was the poverty rate for Native Americans in 1990?

answer: more than triple

text: more than triple

question: Which groups can be categorized as Non-Native Americans?

question: When did the Native Americans win their land?

text: government's westward expansion

question: Where were Native Americans forced to live after they won their land?

text: reservations

question: How much land did the Native Americans own in 1914?

text: 52 million acres


text: After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann. Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical physics from 1945 to 1950. During a temporary depression following the destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb produced by the Manhattan Project, he focused on complex physics problems, not for utility, but for self-satisfaction. One of these was analyzing the physics of a twirling, nutating dish as it is moving through the air. His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: After

text: the

text: war

text: Feynman

text: declined

text: an

text: offer

text: from

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Advanced

text: Study

text: in

text: Princeton

text: New

text: Jersey

text: despite

text: the

text: presence

text: there

text: of

text: such

text: distinguished

text: faculty

text: members

text: as

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: Kurt

text: Gödel

text: and

text: John

text: von

text: Neumann

text: Feynman

text: followed

text: Hans

text: Bethe

text: instead

text: to

text: Cornell

text: University

text: where

text: Feynman

text: taught

text: theoretical

text: physics

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: a

text: temporary

text: depression

text: following

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: by

text: the

text: bomb

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: Manhattan

text: Project

text: he

text: focused

text: on

text: complex

text: physics

text: problems

text: not

text: for

text: utility

text: but

text: for

text: self

text: satisfaction

text: One

text: of

text: these

text: was

text: analyzing

text: the

text: physics

text: of

text: a

text: twirling

text: nutating

text: dish

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: moving

text: through

text: the

text: air

text: His

text: work

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: which

text: used

text: equations

text: of

text: rotation

text: to

text: express

text: various

text: spinning

text: speeds

text: proved

text: important

text: to

text: his

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: winning

text: work

text: yet

text: because

text: he

text: felt

text: burned

text: out

text: and

text: had

text: turned

text: his

text: attention

text: to

text: less

text: immediately

text: practical

text: problems

text: he

text: was

text: surprised

text: by

text: the

text: offers

text: of

text: professorships

text: from

text: other

text: renowned

text: universities

question: At which college did Feyman turn down a job?

answer: Institute for Advanced Study

text: Institute for Advanced Study

question: Where did Feyman accept a job after the war?

answer: Cornell University

text: Cornell University

question: Which colleague did Feynman follow to Cornell?

answer: Hans Bethe

text: Hans Bethe

question: Why did Feynman go through a depression?

answer: destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb

text: destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb

question: His work at Cornell helped contribute to his what?

answer: Nobel Prize–winning work

text: Nobel Prize–winning work

question: Which college did Feynman always have a job in?

text: Institute for Advanced Study

question: Where did Feynman turn down a job after the war?

text: Cornell University

question: Which colleague did Feynman avoid at Cornell?

text: Hans Bethe

question: Why was Feynman immune to depression?

text: destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb

question: What did Feynman's work make him hated for?

text: Nobel Prize–winning work


text: In the general election, against the advice of his advisors, Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South, refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party. The campaign strategy, dubbed "K1C2", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption. In an effort to accommodate the right, he stressed that the liberation of Eastern Europe should be by peaceful means only; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: In

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: against

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: his

text: advisors

text: Eisenhower

text: insisted

text: on

text: campaigning

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: refusing

text: to

text: surrender

text: the

text: region

text: to

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: The

text: campaign

text: strategy

text: dubbed

text: was

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: attacking

text: the

text: Truman

text: and

text: Roosevelt

text: administrations

text: on

text: three

text: issues

text: Korea

text: Communism

text: and

text: corruption

text: In

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: accommodate

text: the

text: right

text: he

text: stressed

text: that

text: the

text: liberation

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: should

text: be

text: by

text: peaceful

text: means

text: only

text: he

text: also

text: distanced

text: himself

text: from

text: his

text: former

text: boss

text: President

text: Truman

question: In what part of the country, previously neglected by Republican presidential candidates, did Eisenhower campaign?

answer: South

text: South

question: Along with Korea and Communism, what issue did Eisenhower attack Truman on?

answer: corruption

text: corruption

question: What was the strategy called that was used by Eisenhower's campaign?

answer: K1C2

question: How did Eisenhower claim Eastern Europe should be liberated?

answer: peaceful means

text: peaceful means


text: With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin "must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation."

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: With

text: his

text: mazurkas

text: and

text: polonaises

text: Chopin

text: has

text: been

text: credited

text: with

text: introducing

text: to

text: music

text: a

text: new

text: sense

text: of

text: nationalism

text: Schumann

text: in

text: his

text: review

text: of

text: the

text: piano

text: concertos

text: highlighted

text: the

text: composer

text: 's

text: strong

text: feelings

text: for

text: his

text: native

text: Poland

text: writing

text: that

text: Now

text: that

text: the

text: Poles

text: are

text: in

text: deep

text: mourning

text: after

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: the

text: November

text: rising

text: their

text: appeal

text: to

text: us

text: artists

text: is

text: even

text: stronger

text: If

text: the

text: mighty

text: autocrat

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: i.e.

text: Nicholas

text: I

text: of

text: Russia

text: could

text: know

text: that

text: in

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: simple

text: strains

text: of

text: his

text: mazurkas

text: there

text: lurks

text: a

text: dangerous

text: enemy

text: he

text: would

text: place

text: a

text: ban

text: on

text: his

text: music

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: works

text: are

text: cannon

text: buried

text: in

text: flowers

text: The

text: biography

text: of

text: Chopin

text: published

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Franz

text: Liszt

text: but

text: probably

text: written

text: by

text: Carolyne

text: zu

text: Sayn

text: Wittgenstein

text: claims

text: that

text: Chopin

text: must

text: be

text: ranked

text: first

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: musicians

text: individualizing

text: in

text: themselves

text: the

text: poetic

text: sense

text: of

text: an

text: entire

text: nation

question: Chopin was noted as introducing music to what?

answer: sense of nationalism

text: sense of nationalism

question: What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?

answer: 1836

question: In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?

answer: Poland

text: Poland

question: Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?

answer: the failure of the November 1830

text: the failure of the November 1830

question: A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?

answer: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein

text: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein

question: Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?

answer: polonaises

text: polonaises

question: Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?

answer: Schumann

text: Schumann

question: Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?

answer: flowers

text: flowers

question: Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?

answer: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein

text: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein


text: Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: Some

text: predators

text: take

text: advantage

text: of

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: birds

text: during

text: migration

text: Greater

text: noctule

text: bats

text: feed

text: on

text: nocturnal

text: migrating

text: passerines

text: Some

text: birds

text: of

text: prey

text: specialize

text: on

text: migrating

text: waders

question: Who takes advantage of migrating birds?

answer: Greater noctule bats

text: Greater noctule bats

question: What do greater noctule bats feed on?

answer: nocturnal migrating passerines

text: nocturnal migrating passerines

question: What do some birds of prey specialize on?

answer: migrating waders

text: migrating waders


text: As the centre of Australia's "rust belt", Melbourne experienced an economic downturn between 1989 to 1992, following the collapse of several local financial institutions. In 1992 the newly elected Kennett government began a campaign to revive the economy with an aggressive development campaign of public works coupled with the promotion of the city as a tourist destination with a focus on major events and sports tourism. During this period the Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from Adelaide. Major projects included the construction of a new facility for the Melbourne Museum, Federation Square, the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre, Crown Casino and the CityLink tollway. Other strategies included the privatisation of some of Melbourne's services, including power and public transport, and a reduction in funding to public services such as health, education and public transport infrastructure.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: As

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: rust

text: belt

text: Melbourne

text: experienced

text: an

text: economic

text: downturn

text: between

text: to

text: following

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: several

text: local

text: financial

text: institutions

text: In

text: the

text: newly

text: elected

text: Kennett

text: government

text: began

text: a

text: campaign

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: economy

text: with

text: an

text: aggressive

text: development

text: campaign

text: of

text: public

text: works

text: coupled

text: with

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: a

text: tourist

text: destination

text: with

text: a

text: focus

text: on

text: major

text: events

text: and

text: sports

text: tourism

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: Australian

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: moved

text: to

text: Melbourne

text: from

text: Adelaide

text: Major

text: projects

text: included

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: facility

text: for

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Museum

text: Federation

text: Square

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Exhibition

text: and

text: Convention

text: Centre

text: Crown

text: Casino

text: and

text: the

text: CityLink

text: tollway

text: Other

text: strategies

text: included

text: the

text: privatisation

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: services

text: including

text: power

text: and

text: public

text: transport

text: and

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: funding

text: to

text: public

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: health

text: education

text: and

text: public

text: transport

text: infrastructure

question: During which years did Melbourne experience an economic downturn?

answer: 1989 to 1992

text: 1989 to 1992

question: Which city is the center of Australia's "rust belt"?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

question: The Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from where?

answer: Adelaide

text: Adelaide

question: Which government in 1992 began a campaign to revive the economy?

answer: Kennett

text: Kennett


text: In some fields Hellenistic culture thrived, particularly in its preservation of the past. The states of the Hellenistic period were deeply fixated with the past and its seemingly lost glories. The preservation of many classical and archaic works of art and literature (including the works of the three great classical tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides) are due to the efforts of the Hellenistic Greeks. The museum and library of Alexandria was the center of this conservationist activity. With the support of royal stipends, Alexandrian scholars collected, translated, copied, classified and critiqued every book they could find. Most of the great literary figures of the Hellenistic period studied at Alexandria and conducted research there. They were scholar poets, writing not only poetry but treatises on Homer and other archaic and classical Greek literature.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: In

text: some

text: fields

text: Hellenistic

text: culture

text: thrived

text: particularly

text: in

text: its

text: preservation

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: The

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: were

text: deeply

text: fixated

text: with

text: the

text: past

text: and

text: its

text: seemingly

text: lost

text: glories

text: The

text: preservation

text: of

text: many

text: classical

text: and

text: archaic

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: literature

text: including

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: great

text: classical

text: tragedians

text: Aeschylus

text: Sophocles

text: and

text: Euripides

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: Greeks

text: The

text: museum

text: and

text: library

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: was

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: this

text: conservationist

text: activity

text: With

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: royal

text: stipends

text: Alexandrian

text: scholars

text: collected

text: translated

text: copied

text: classified

text: and

text: critiqued

text: every

text: book

text: they

text: could

text: find

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: literary

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: studied

text: at

text: Alexandria

text: and

text: conducted

text: research

text: there

text: They

text: were

text: scholar

text: poets

text: writing

text: not

text: only

text: poetry

text: but

text: treatises

text: on

text: Homer

text: and

text: other

text: archaic

text: and

text: classical

text: Greek

text: literature

question: Who is most responsible for the preservation of Hellenistic culture?

answer: Hellenistic Greeks

text: Hellenistic Greeks

question: What museum and ilbrary was the center of Hellenistic culture conservation?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria

question: Where did most of the great literary figures of the Hellenistic period study?

answer: Alexandria

text: Alexandria


text: In August 1855 a Franco-British naval force captured and destroyed the Russian Bomarsund fortress on Åland Islands. In the same month, the Western Allied Baltic Fleet tried to destroy heavily defended Russian dockyards at Sveaborg outside Helsinki. More than 1000 enemy guns tested the strength of the fortress for two days. Despite the shelling, the sailors of the 120-gun ship Rossiya, led by Captain Viktor Poplonsky, defended the entrance to the harbor. The Allies fired over 20,000 shells but failed to defeat the Russian batteries. A massive new fleet of more than 350 gunboats and mortar vessels was prepared[by whom?], but before the attack was launched, the war ended.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: In

text: August

text: a

text: Franco

text: British

text: naval

text: force

text: captured

text: and

text: destroyed

text: the

text: Russian

text: Bomarsund

text: fortress

text: on

text: Åland

text: Islands

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: month

text: the

text: Western

text: Allied

text: Baltic

text: Fleet

text: tried

text: to

text: destroy

text: heavily

text: defended

text: Russian

text: dockyards

text: at

text: Sveaborg

text: outside

text: Helsinki

text: More

text: than

text: enemy

text: guns

text: tested

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: fortress

text: for

text: two

text: days

text: Despite

text: the

text: shelling

text: the

text: sailors

text: of

text: the

text: ship

text: Rossiya

text: led

text: by

text: Captain

text: Viktor

text: Poplonsky

text: defended

text: the

text: entrance

text: to

text: the

text: harbor

text: The

text: Allies

text: fired

text: over

text: shells

text: but

text: failed

text: to

text: defeat

text: the

text: Russian

text: batteries

text: A

text: massive

text: new

text: fleet

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: gunboats

text: and

text: mortar

text: vessels

text: was

text: prepared[by

text: whom

text: but

text: before

text: the

text: attack

text: was

text: launched

text: the

text: war

text: ended

question: When did the French and British capture the Russian Bomarsund fortress?

answer: August 1855

text: August 1855

question: Where was the Russian Bomarsund fortress at?

answer: Åland Islands

text: Åland Islands

question: Who led the ship Rossiya?

answer: Captain Viktor Poplonsky

text: Captain Viktor Poplonsky

question: What was captain Viktor Poplonsky defending?

answer: entrance to the harbor

text: entrance to the harbor


text: The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone country in the world after Mexico, and with the United States having more Spanish-speakers than Colombia and Spain (but fewer first language speakers). Spanish is the Romance language and the Indo-European language with the largest number of native speakers in the world. Roughly half of all American Spanish-speakers also speak English "very well," based on their self-assessment in the U.S. Census.

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: Spanish

text: language

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: There

text: are

text: million

text: Hispanophones

text: who

text: speak

text: Spanish

text: as

text: a

text: first

text: or

text: second

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: six

text: million

text: Spanish

text: language

text: students

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Hispanophone

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Mexico

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: having

text: more

text: Spanish

text: speakers

text: than

text: Colombia

text: and

text: Spain

text: but

text: fewer

text: first

text: language

text: speakers

text: Spanish

text: is

text: the

text: Romance

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: native

text: speakers

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Roughly

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: American

text: Spanish

text: speakers

text: also

text: speak

text: English

text: very

text: well

text: based

text: on

text: their

text: self

text: assessment

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

question: How many people speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States?

answer: There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States,

text: There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States,

question: How many Hispanics speak English too?

answer: Roughly half of all American Spanish-speakers also speak English "very well," based on their self-assessment in the U.S. Census.

text: Roughly half of all American Spanish-speakers also speak English "very well," based on their self-assessment in the U.S. Census.

question: What other language is often spoken in the United states?

answer: The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States.

text: The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States.

question: What type of language id Spanish?

answer: Spanish is the Romance language and the Indo-European language with the largest number of native speakers in the world.

text: Spanish is the Romance language and the Indo-European language with the largest number of native speakers in the world.

question: How many Spanish speaking students are there in the United States?

answer: six million Spanish language students.

text: six million Spanish language students.

question: 45 million people speak Spanish as a first or second language in what country?

text: the United States

question: What country is the second-largest Hispanophone country in the world?

text: United States of America

question: What type of language is Spanish?

text: Romance

question: Half of all Spanish speakers also speak what very well?

text: English

question: Spanish has the largest number of native speakers in which branch of language?

text: Indo-European language

question: How many Spanish speaking students are there in Spain?

text: six million Spanish language students

question: What is the first American language?

text: Spanish

question: What is the second most spoken language in Columbia?

text: Spanish

question: What country has more first language Spanish-speakers than Mexico?

text: United States

question: How many Hispanophones speak Spanish in Mexico?

text: 45 million


text: The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. One by one Rome defeated both the persistent Sabines and the local cities, both those under Etruscan control and those that had cast off their Etruscan rulers. Rome defeated Latin cities in the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 BC, the Battle of Mons Algidus in 458 BC, the Battle of Corbione in 446 BC, the Battle of Aricia, and especially the Battle of the Cremera in 477 BC wherein it fought against the most important Etruscan city of Veii.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: The

text: first

text: Roman

text: republican

text: wars

text: were

text: wars

text: of

text: both

text: expansion

text: and

text: defence

text: aimed

text: at

text: protecting

text: Rome

text: itself

text: from

text: neighbouring

text: cities

text: and

text: nations

text: and

text: establishing

text: its

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: Initially

text: Rome

text: 's

text: immediate

text: neighbours

text: were

text: either

text: Latin

text: towns

text: and

text: villages

text: or

text: else

text: tribal

text: Sabines

text: from

text: the

text: Apennine

text: hills

text: beyond

text: One

text: by

text: one

text: Rome

text: defeated

text: both

text: the

text: persistent

text: Sabines

text: and

text: the

text: local

text: cities

text: both

text: those

text: under

text: Etruscan

text: control

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: had

text: cast

text: off

text: their

text: Etruscan

text: rulers

text: Rome

text: defeated

text: Latin

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Lake

text: Regillus

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Mons

text: Algidus

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Corbione

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Aricia

text: and

text: especially

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Cremera

text: in

text: BC

text: wherein

text: it

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: Etruscan

text: city

text: of

text: Veii

question: In what battle did Rome claim victory over several Latin cities in?

answer: the Battle of Lake Regillus

text: the Battle of Lake Regillus

question: What year did the Battle of Lake Regillus take place?

answer: 496 BC

text: 496 BC

question: In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii?

answer: 477 BC

text: 477 BC

question: What Roman battle took place in the year 446 BC?

answer: the Battle of Corbione

text: the Battle of Corbione

question: Who initially had control over the Sabines?

answer: Etruscan control

text: Etruscan control