text: The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: British

text: for

text: their

text: part

text: lacked

text: both

text: a

text: unified

text: command

text: and

text: a

text: clear

text: strategy

text: for

text: winning

text: With

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: capture

text: coastal

text: cities

text: but

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: countryside

text: eluded

text: them

text: A

text: British

text: sortie

text: from

text: Canada

text: in

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: disastrous

text: surrender

text: of

text: a

text: British

text: army

text: at

text: Saratoga

text: With

text: the

text: coming

text: in

text: of

text: General

text: von

text: Steuben

text: the

text: training

text: and

text: discipline

text: along

text: Prussian

text: lines

text: began

text: and

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: began

text: to

text: evolve

text: into

text: a

text: modern

text: force

text: France

text: and

text: Spain

text: then

text: entered

text: the

text: war

text: against

text: Great

text: Britain

text: as

text: Allies

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: ending

text: its

text: naval

text: advantage

text: and

text: escalating

text: the

text: conflict

text: into

text: a

text: world

text: war

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: later

text: joined

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: outnumbered

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: sea

text: in

text: a

text: world

text: war

text: as

text: they

text: had

text: no

text: major

text: allies

text: apart

text: from

text: Indian

text: tribes

question: What battle ended a British invasion from Canada in the Revolutionary War?

answer: Saratoga

text: Saratoga

question: When was the battle of Saratoga fought?

answer: 1777

question: What Prussian expatriate helped train the Continental army?

answer: General von Steuben

text: General von Steuben

question: What two European countries entered the Revolutionary War against Britain?

answer: France and Spain

text: France and Spain

question: What advantage did Britain lose when the European countries entered the war?

answer: its naval advantage

text: its naval advantage

question: What battle ended a British invasion from the US in the Revolutionary War?

text: Saratoga

question: When was the battle of Sorotoga fought?

question: What Prussian expatriate helped not train the Continental army?

text: General von Steuben

question: What two African countries entered the Revolutionary War against Britain?

text: France and Spain

question: What advantage did Britain win when the European countries entered the war?

text: naval advantage


text: Protestants in general reject the veneration and invocation of the Saints.:1174 Protestants typically hold that Mary was the mother of Jesus, but was an ordinary woman devoted to God. Therefore, there is virtually no Marian veneration, Marian feasts, Marian pilgrimages, Marian art, Marian music or Marian spirituality in today's Protestant communities. Within these views, Roman Catholic beliefs and practices are at times rejected, e.g., theologian Karl Barth wrote that "the heresy of the Catholic Church is its Mariology".

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: Protestants

text: in

text: general

text: reject

text: the

text: veneration

text: and

text: invocation

text: of

text: the

text: Protestants

text: typically

text: hold

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Jesus

text: but

text: was

text: an

text: ordinary

text: woman

text: devoted

text: to

text: God

text: Therefore

text: there

text: is

text: virtually

text: no

text: Marian

text: veneration

text: Marian

text: feasts

text: Marian

text: pilgrimages

text: Marian

text: art

text: Marian

text: music

text: or

text: Marian

text: spirituality

text: in

text: today

text: 's

text: Protestant

text: communities

text: Within

text: these

text: views

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: are

text: at

text: times

text: rejected

text: e.g.

text: theologian

text: Karl

text: Barth

text: wrote

text: that

text: the

text: heresy

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: its

text: Mariology

question: Which theologian described Mariology as "the heresy of the Catholic Church?"

answer: Karl Barth

text: Karl Barth

question: Protestants hold that Mary had what relationship to Jesus?

answer: mother

text: mother

question: Protestants reject what practices in relation to the Saints?

answer: veneration and invocation

text: veneration and invocation

question: Protestants describe Mary as devoted to whom?

answer: God

text: God

question: How many pieces of Marian music did theologian Karl Barth write?

question: How many of the Saints reject the Protestants?

question: Mary stated that she was the mother of Jesus, but also referred to herself as?

text: an ordinary woman

question: What feasts did Karl Barth attend?

text: Marian feasts

question: Who took the very first Marian Pilgrimage?

text: Mary


text: The College Dropout was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004, shooting to number two on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, "Through the Wire" peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks. "Slow Jamz", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit. The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. "Jesus Walks", the album's fourth single, perhaps exposed West to a wider audience; the song's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity. The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio. The College Dropout would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend. At the time, the focal point of West's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records. However, partly because of the acclaim of The College Dropout, such sampling had been much copied by others; with that overuse, and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique, he decided to find a new sound.

title: Kanye_West

title: Kanye_West

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: was

text: eventually

text: issued

text: by

text: Roc

text: A

text: Fella

text: in

text: February

text: shooting

text: to

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: as

text: his

text: debut

text: single

text: Through

text: the

text: Wire

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: fifteen

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: chart

text: for

text: five

text: weeks

text: Slow

text: Jamz

text: his

text: second

text: single

text: featuring

text: Twista

text: and

text: Jamie

text: Foxx

text: became

text: an

text: even

text: bigger

text: success

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: three

text: musicians

text: first

text: number

text: one

text: hit

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: received

text: near

text: universal

text: critical

text: acclaim

text: from

text: contemporary

text: music

text: critics

text: was

text: voted

text: the

text: top

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: by

text: two

text: major

text: music

text: publications

text: and

text: has

text: consistently

text: been

text: ranked

text: among

text: the

text: great

text: hip

text: hop

text: works

text: and

text: debut

text: albums

text: by

text: artists

text: Jesus

text: Walks

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: fourth

text: single

text: perhaps

text: exposed

text: West

text: to

text: a

text: wider

text: audience

text: the

text: song

text: 's

text: subject

text: matter

text: concerns

text: faith

text: and

text: Christianity

text: The

text: song

text: nevertheless

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: Billboard

text: pop

text: charts

text: despite

text: industry

text: executives

text: predictions

text: that

text: a

text: song

text: containing

text: such

text: blatant

text: declarations

text: of

text: faith

text: would

text: never

text: make

text: it

text: to

text: radio

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: would

text: eventually

text: be

text: certified

text: triple

text: platinum

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: garnered

text: West

text: Grammy

text: nominations

text: including

text: Album

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: and

text: Best

text: Rap

text: Album

text: which

text: it

text: received

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: West

text: also

text: founded

text: GOOD

text: Music

text: a

text: record

text: label

text: and

text: management

text: company

text: that

text: would

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: house

text: affiliate

text: artists

text: and

text: producers

text: such

text: as

text: No

text: I.D.

text: and

text: John

text: Legend

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: focal

text: point

text: of

text: West

text: 's

text: production

text: style

text: was

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: sped

text: up

text: vocal

text: samples

text: from

text: soul

text: records

text: However

text: partly

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: acclaim

text: of

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: such

text: sampling

text: had

text: been

text: much

text: copied

text: by

text: others

text: with

text: that

text: overuse

text: and

text: also

text: because

text: West

text: felt

text: he

text: had

text: become

text: too

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: technique

text: he

text: decided

text: to

text: find

text: a

text: new

text: sound

question: What place on the Billboard chart did Kanye's album debut at?

answer: 2

question: How many publications voted The College Dropout for album of the year?

answer: 2

question: What was the name of the single off the debut album that gave Kanye mainstream attention?

answer: Jesus Walks

text: Jesus Walks

question: What label did Kanye create following the success of his first album's release?

answer: GOOD Music

text: GOOD Music

question: When was The College Dropout finally released?

answer: February 2004

text: February 2004

question: What song was the second released off of Kanye's The College Dropout album?

answer: "Slow Jamz"

text: "Slow Jamz"

question: How many Grammy nominations did The College Dropout receive?

answer: 10

question: What was the name of the record label that West founded?

answer: GOOD Music

text: GOOD Music


text: In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: In

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: demonstrations

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: attempted

text: to

text: calm

text: the

text: situation

text: possibly

text: fearing

text: the

text: protests

text: may

text: spiral

text: out

text: of

text: control

text: as

text: has

text: happened

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: including

text: the

text: anti

text: Japanese

text: protests

text: in

text: State

text: media

text: and

text: commentaries

text: began

text: to

text: call

text: for

text: calm

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: editorial

text: in

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Daily

text: which

text: urged

text: Chinese

text: people

text: to

text: express

text: their

text: patriotic

text: enthusiasm

text: calmly

text: and

text: rationally

text: and

text: express

text: patriotic

text: aspiration

text: in

text: an

text: orderly

text: and

text: legal

text: manner

text: The

text: government

text: also

text: began

text: to

text: patrol

text: and

text: censor

text: the

text: internet

text: forums

text: such

text: as

text: Sohu.com

text: with

text: comments

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Carrefour

text: boycott

text: removed

text: In

text: the

text: days

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: planned

text: boycott

text: evidence

text: of

text: efforts

text: by

text: Chinese

text: authorities

text: to

text: choke

text: the

text: mass

text: boycott

text: 's

text: efforts

text: online

text: became

text: even

text: more

text: evident

text: including

text: barring

text: searches

text: of

text: words

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: protests

text: but

text: protests

text: broke

text: out

text: nonetheless

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: Carrefour

text: 's

text: stores

text: at

text: Beijing

text: Changsha

text: Fuzhou

text: and

text: Shenyang

text: on

text: May

question: The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005?

answer: anti-Japanese protests

text: anti-Japanese protests

question: Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully?

answer: People's Daily

text: People's Daily

question: Which website had mentions of the Carrefour boycott removed by the government?

answer: Sohu.com

text: Sohu.com

question: When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China?

answer: May 1

text: May 1

question: The Chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests?

answer: the anti-Japanese protests in 2005.

text: the anti-Japanese protests in 2005.

question: Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully?

answer: People's Daily

text: People's Daily

question: Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites?

answer: the Chinese government

text: the Chinese government

question: What day did protests occur in front of Carrefour stores?

answer: May 1.

text: May 1.


text: Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Archaeological

text: finds

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: inhabited

text: since

text: the

text: stone

text: age

text: Following

text: the

text: Roman

text: invasion

text: of

text: Britain

text: in

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: conquering

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: Britons

text: in

text: AD

text: the

text: fortress

text: settlement

text: of

text: Clausentum

text: was

text: established

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: trading

text: port

text: and

text: defensive

text: outpost

text: of

text: Winchester

text: at

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: modern

text: Bitterne

text: Manor

text: Clausentum

text: was

text: defended

text: by

text: a

text: wall

text: and

text: two

text: ditches

text: and

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: contained

text: a

text: bath

text: house

text: Clausentum

text: was

text: not

text: abandoned

text: until

text: around

question: What year did the Romans invade Britain?

answer: AD 43

text: AD 43

question: What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?

answer: Clausentum

text: Clausentum

question: According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?

answer: stone age

text: stone age

question: What is the site of Clausentum called now?

answer: Bitterne Manor

text: Bitterne Manor

question: In addition to two ditches, what was Clausentum's defense from invaders?

answer: a wall

text: a wall


text: Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Beginning

text: with

text: its

text: incorporation

text: in

text: Detroit

text: has

text: had

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: mayors

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: last

text: mayor

text: from

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: was

text: Louis

text: Miriani

text: who

text: served

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: elected

text: its

text: first

text: black

text: mayor

text: Coleman

text: Young

text: Despite

text: development

text: efforts

text: his

text: combative

text: style

text: during

text: his

text: five

text: terms

text: in

text: office

text: was

text: not

text: well

text: received

text: by

text: many

text: suburban

text: residents

text: Mayor

text: Dennis

text: Archer

text: a

text: former

text: Michigan

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Justice

text: refocused

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: attention

text: on

text: redevelopment

text: with

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: permit

text: three

text: casinos

text: downtown

text: By

text: three

text: major

text: casino

text: resort

text: hotels

text: established

text: operations

text: in

text: the

text: city

question: When was Detroit incorporated?

answer: 1802

question: How many mayors has Detroit had?

answer: 74

question: Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor?

answer: Louis Miriani

text: Louis Miriani

question: Who was Detroit's first black mayor?

answer: Coleman Young

text: Coleman Young

question: What was Dennis Archer's former occupation?

answer: Supreme Court Justice

text: Supreme Court Justice


text: One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon. Another major annual event is the Head of the Charles Regatta, held in October.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: sporting

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: Boston

text: Marathon

text: the

text: km

text: race

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: annual

text: marathon

text: run

text: on

text: Patriots

text: Day

text: in

text: April

text: On

text: April

text: two

text: explosions

text: killed

text: three

text: people

text: and

text: injured

text: hundreds

text: at

text: the

text: marathon

text: Another

text: major

text: annual

text: event

text: is

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Charles

text: Regatta

text: held

text: in

text: October

question: What is one of the most famous sporting events in the city?

answer: the Boston Marathon

text: the Boston Marathon

question: When is the head of Charles Regatta held?

answer: October

text: October

question: How many people were killed in the explosions at the Boston marathon?

answer: three

text: three


text: Von Neumann is credited with the equilibrium strategy of mutual assured destruction, providing the deliberately humorous acronym, MAD. (Other humorous acronyms coined by von Neumann include his computer, the Mathematical Analyzer, Numerical Integrator, and Computer—or MANIAC). He also "moved heaven and earth" to bring MAD about. His goal was to quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR, and he knew the Soviets were doing similar work because the CIA interviewed German rocket scientists who were allowed to return to Germany, and von Neumann had planted a dozen technical people in the CIA. The Russians believed that bombers would soon be vulnerable, and they shared von Neumann's view that an H-bomb in an ICBM was the ne plus ultra of weapons, and they believed that whoever had superiority in these weapons would take over the world, without necessarily using them. He was afraid of a "missile gap" and took several more steps to achieve his goal of keeping up with the Soviets:

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: Von

text: Neumann

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: the

text: equilibrium

text: strategy

text: of

text: mutual

text: assured

text: destruction

text: providing

text: the

text: deliberately

text: humorous

text: acronym

text: MAD

text: Other

text: humorous

text: acronyms

text: coined

text: by

text: von

text: Neumann

text: include

text: his

text: computer

text: the

text: Mathematical

text: Analyzer

text: Numerical

text: Integrator

text: and

text: Computer

text: or

text: MANIAC

text: He

text: also

text: moved

text: heaven

text: and

text: earth

text: to

text: bring

text: MAD

text: about

text: His

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: quickly

text: develop

text: ICBMs

text: and

text: the

text: compact

text: hydrogen

text: bombs

text: that

text: they

text: could

text: deliver

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: and

text: he

text: knew

text: the

text: Soviets

text: were

text: doing

text: similar

text: work

text: because

text: the

text: CIA

text: interviewed

text: German

text: rocket

text: scientists

text: who

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Germany

text: and

text: von

text: Neumann

text: had

text: planted

text: a

text: dozen

text: technical

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: CIA

text: The

text: Russians

text: believed

text: that

text: bombers

text: would

text: soon

text: be

text: vulnerable

text: and

text: they

text: shared

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: view

text: that

text: an

text: H

text: bomb

text: in

text: an

text: ICBM

text: was

text: the

text: ne

text: plus

text: ultra

text: of

text: weapons

text: and

text: they

text: believed

text: that

text: whoever

text: had

text: superiority

text: in

text: these

text: weapons

text: would

text: take

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: without

text: necessarily

text: using

text: them

text: He

text: was

text: afraid

text: of

text: a

text: missile

text: gap

text: and

text: took

text: several

text: more

text: steps

text: to

text: achieve

text: his

text: goal

text: of

text: keeping

text: up

text: with

text: the

text: Soviets

question: What was MAD?

answer: mutual assured destruction

text: mutual assured destruction

question: What was the goal of MAD?

answer: quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR

text: quickly develop ICBMs and the compact hydrogen bombs that they could deliver to the USSR

question: What were Russians opinions of future weaponry?

answer: Russians believed that bombers would soon be vulnerable, and they shared von Neumann's view that an H-bomb in an ICBM was the ne plus ultra of weapons

text: Russians believed that bombers would soon be vulnerable, and they shared von Neumann's view that an H-bomb in an ICBM was the ne plus ultra of weapons

question: What was the concern of a missile gap?

answer: keeping up with the Soviets

text: keeping up with the Soviets


text: If a state party's withdrawal is successful, its obligations under that treaty are considered terminated, and withdrawal by one party from a bilateral treaty of course terminates the treaty. When a state withdraws from a multi-lateral treaty, that treaty will still otherwise remain in force among the other parties, unless, of course, otherwise should or could be interpreted as agreed upon between the remaining states parties to the treaty.[citation needed]

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: If

text: a

text: state

text: party

text: 's

text: withdrawal

text: is

text: successful

text: its

text: obligations

text: under

text: that

text: treaty

text: are

text: considered

text: terminated

text: and

text: withdrawal

text: by

text: one

text: party

text: from

text: a

text: bilateral

text: treaty

text: of

text: course

text: terminates

text: the

text: treaty

text: When

text: a

text: state

text: withdraws

text: from

text: a

text: multi

text: lateral

text: treaty

text: that

text: treaty

text: will

text: still

text: otherwise

text: remain

text: in

text: force

text: among

text: the

text: other

text: parties

text: unless

text: of

text: course

text: otherwise

text: should

text: or

text: could

text: be

text: interpreted

text: as

text: agreed

text: upon

text: between

text: the

text: remaining

text: states

text: parties

text: to

text: the

text: treaty.[citation

text: needed

question: What happens to a state's obligations under a treaty upon its withdrawal from the treaty?

answer: terminated

text: terminated

question: What kind of treaty is terminated by the withdrawal of just one party?

answer: a bilateral treaty

text: a bilateral treaty

question: What happens to a multilateral treaty's rights and obligations among the other parties when just one party withdraws?

answer: remain in force

text: remain in force

question: After what action by a state are its obligations under a treaty considered terminated?

answer: withdrawal

text: withdrawal

question: Under what conditions could a single state's withdrawal result in the termination of a multilateral treaty?

answer: agreed upon between the remaining states parties

text: agreed upon between the remaining states parties


text: Complex serological techniques have been developed into what are known as Immunoassays. Immunoassays can use the basic antibody – antigen binding as the basis to produce an electro - magnetic or particle radiation signal, which can be detected by some form of instrumentation. Signal of unknowns can be compared to that of standards allowing quantitation of the target antigen. To aid in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, immunoassays can detect or measure antigens from either infectious agents or proteins generated by an infected organism in response to a foreign agent. For example, immunoassay A may detect the presence of a surface protein from a virus particle. Immunoassay B on the other hand may detect or measure antibodies produced by an organism's immune system that are made to neutralize and allow the destruction of the virus.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Complex

text: serological

text: techniques

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: into

text: what

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Immunoassays

text: Immunoassays

text: can

text: use

text: the

text: basic

text: antibody

text: antigen

text: binding

text: as

text: the

text: basis

text: to

text: produce

text: an

text: electro

text: magnetic

text: or

text: particle

text: radiation

text: signal

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: detected

text: by

text: some

text: form

text: of

text: instrumentation

text: Signal

text: of

text: unknowns

text: can

text: be

text: compared

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: standards

text: allowing

text: quantitation

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: antigen

text: To

text: aid

text: in

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: of

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: immunoassays

text: can

text: detect

text: or

text: measure

text: antigens

text: from

text: either

text: infectious

text: agents

text: or

text: proteins

text: generated

text: by

text: an

text: infected

text: organism

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: foreign

text: agent

text: For

text: example

text: immunoassay

text: A

text: may

text: detect

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: surface

text: protein

text: from

text: a

text: virus

text: particle

text: Immunoassay

text: B

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: may

text: detect

text: or

text: measure

text: antibodies

text: produced

text: by

text: an

text: organism

text: 's

text: immune

text: system

text: that

text: are

text: made

text: to

text: neutralize

text: and

text: allow

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: virus

question: What are immunoassays?

answer: Complex serological techniques

text: Complex serological techniques

question: What type of signal do immunoassays produce?

answer: electro - magnetic or particle radiation

text: electro - magnetic or particle radiation

question: What allows quantitation of the target antigen?

answer: unknowns can be compared to that of standards

text: unknowns can be compared to that of standards

question: Immunoassays are able to detect what type of proteins?

answer: generated by an infected organism in response to a foreign agent

text: generated by an infected organism in response to a foreign agent

question: What are immunoassays banned from being?

text: Complex serological techniques

question: What type of signal do immunoassays absorb?

question: What stops quantitation of the target antigen?

question: What type of proteins are undetectable by Immunoassays?


text: During the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Estimates reach as high as 140,000 species per year (based on Species-area theory). This figure indicates unsustainable ecological practices, because few species emerge each year.[citation needed] Almost all scientists acknowledge that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates. As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years.

title: Biodiversity

title: Biodiversity

text: During

text: the

text: last

text: century

text: decreases

text: in

text: biodiversity

text: have

text: been

text: increasingly

text: observed

text: In

text: German

text: Federal

text: Environment

text: Minister

text: Sigmar

text: Gabriel

text: cited

text: estimates

text: that

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: all

text: species

text: will

text: be

text: extinct

text: by

text: Of

text: these

text: about

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: known

text: plant

text: species

text: are

text: threatened

text: with

text: extinction

text: Estimates

text: reach

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: species

text: per

text: year

text: based

text: on

text: Species

text: area

text: theory

text: This

text: figure

text: indicates

text: unsustainable

text: ecological

text: practices

text: because

text: few

text: species

text: emerge

text: each

text: year.[citation

text: needed

text: Almost

text: all

text: scientists

text: acknowledge

text: that

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: species

text: loss

text: is

text: greater

text: now

text: than

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: with

text: extinctions

text: occurring

text: at

text: rates

text: hundreds

text: of

text: times

text: higher

text: than

text: background

text: extinction

text: rates

text: As

text: of

text: some

text: studies

text: suggest

text: that

text: of

text: all

text: mammal

text: species

text: could

text: be

text: extinct

text: in

text: years

question: Who is the German Federal Environment Minister?

answer: Sigmar Gabriel

text: Sigmar Gabriel

question: What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by?

answer: 2050

question: How many plant species are close to extinction?

answer: about one eighth

text: about one eighth

question: 2012 studies estimated what percentage of mammals could be extinct in 20 years?

answer: 25%

question: Who is the German Federal Estimates Minister?

text: Sigmar Gabriel

question: What year did Gabriel estimate 50 percent of all species will be extinct by?

question: How many plant species are increasingly observed?

text: about one eighth

question: What percentage of animals did 2007 studies estimate could be extinct in 20 years?

question: When did Sigmar Gabriel cite Species-area theory?


text: Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to "nobility". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.

title: Szlachta

title: Szlachta

text: Today

text: the

text: word

text: szlachta

text: in

text: the

text: Polish

text: language

text: simply

text: translates

text: to

text: nobility

text: In

text: its

text: broadest

text: meaning

text: it

text: can

text: also

text: denote

text: some

text: non

text: hereditary

text: honorary

text: knighthoods

text: granted

text: today

text: by

text: some

text: European

text: monarchs

text: Occasionally

text: century

text: non

text: noble

text: landowners

text: were

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: szlachta

text: by

text: courtesy

text: or

text: error

text: when

text: they

text: owned

text: manorial

text: estates

text: though

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: noble

text: by

text: birth

text: In

text: the

text: narrow

text: sense

text: szlachta

text: denotes

text: the

text: old

text: Commonwealth

text: nobility

question: What simple word does the term szlachta translate too?

answer: nobility

text: nobility

question: What were the non noble land owners referred too as?

answer: szlachta

text: szlachta

question: Why were the non nobles and nobles referred as the same term?

answer: by courtesy or error

text: by courtesy or error

question: What does szlachta mainly denote?

answer: old-Commonwealth nobility

text: old-Commonwealth nobility


text: The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were being caused by doctrinal disagreements too.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: The

text: Sthaviras

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: several

text: schools

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: Theravāda

text: school

text: Originally

text: these

text: schisms

text: were

text: caused

text: by

text: disputes

text: over

text: vinaya

text: and

text: monks

text: following

text: different

text: schools

text: of

text: thought

text: seem

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: happily

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: monasteries

text: but

text: eventually

text: by

text: about

text: CE

text: if

text: not

text: earlier

text: schisms

text: were

text: being

text: caused

text: by

text: doctrinal

text: disagreements

text: too

question: Who gave rise to the Theravada school?

answer: Sthaviras

text: Sthaviras

question: Monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what?

answer: monasteries

text: monasteries

question: By the latest at around 100 CE, schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements?

answer: doctrinal

text: doctrinal


text: Some pubs in the UK also have football teams composed of regular customers. Many of these teams are in leagues that play matches on Sundays, hence the term "Sunday League Football". Bowling is found in association with pubs in some parts of the country and the local team will play matches against teams invited from elsewhere on the pub's bowling green.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Some

text: pubs

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: also

text: have

text: football

text: teams

text: composed

text: of

text: regular

text: customers

text: Many

text: of

text: these

text: teams

text: are

text: in

text: leagues

text: that

text: play

text: matches

text: on

text: Sundays

text: hence

text: the

text: term

text: Sunday

text: League

text: Football

text: Bowling

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: pubs

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: local

text: team

text: will

text: play

text: matches

text: against

text: teams

text: invited

text: from

text: elsewhere

text: on

text: the

text: pub

text: 's

text: bowling

text: green

question: What is the term for pub-based football that is often played on Sundays?

answer: Sunday League Football

text: Sunday League Football

question: What sport is played on a pub's bowling green?

answer: Bowling

text: Bowling


text: The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role. It is the only pre-Columbian writing system known to represent completely the spoken language of its community. In total, the script has more than one thousand different glyphs although a few are variations of the same sign or meaning and many appear only rarely or are confined to particular localities. At any one time, no more than about five hundred glyphs were in use, some two hundred of which (including variations) had a phonetic or syllabic interpretation.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: The

text: Maya

text: writing

text: system

text: often

text: called

text: hieroglyphs

text: from

text: a

text: superficial

text: resemblance

text: to

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: writing

text: was

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: phonetic

text: symbols

text: and

text: logograms

text: It

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: logographic

text: or

text: more

text: properly

text: a

text: logosyllabic

text: writing

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: syllabic

text: signs

text: play

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: pre

text: Columbian

text: writing

text: system

text: known

text: to

text: represent

text: completely

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

text: of

text: its

text: community

text: In

text: total

text: the

text: script

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: thousand

text: different

text: glyphs

text: although

text: a

text: few

text: are

text: variations

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: sign

text: or

text: meaning

text: and

text: many

text: appear

text: only

text: rarely

text: or

text: are

text: confined

text: to

text: particular

text: localities

text: At

text: any

text: one

text: time

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: about

text: five

text: hundred

text: glyphs

text: were

text: in

text: use

text: some

text: two

text: hundred

text: of

text: which

text: including

text: variations

text: had

text: a

text: phonetic

text: or

text: syllabic

text: interpretation

question: What writing system combined phonetic symbols and logograms?

answer: Maya

text: Maya

question: What signs play a significant role in the Mayan's writing system?

answer: syllabic

text: syllabic

question: What is the Mayan writing system the only known pre-Columbian one to completely represent this?

answer: spoken language of its community

text: spoken language of its community

question: How many different glyphs in total does the Mayan writing system have?

answer: more than one thousand

text: more than one thousand

question: How many of the Mayan glyphs had phonetic or syllabic interpretations?

answer: some two hundred

text: some two hundred


text: Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained. The Union troops eventually managed to stop the raging fires but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed-

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Davis

text: and

text: his

text: cabinet

text: left

text: the

text: city

text: by

text: train

text: that

text: night

text: as

text: government

text: officials

text: burned

text: documents

text: and

text: departing

text: Confederate

text: troops

text: burned

text: tobacco

text: and

text: other

text: warehouses

text: to

text: deny

text: their

text: contents

text: to

text: the

text: victors

text: On

text: April

text: General

text: Godfrey

text: Weitzel

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: corps

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Colored

text: Troops

text: accepted

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: surrender

text: from

text: the

text: mayor

text: and

text: group

text: of

text: leading

text: citizens

text: who

text: remained

text: The

text: Union

text: troops

text: eventually

text: managed

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: raging

text: fires

text: but

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: buildings

text: were

text: destroyed-

question: What was contained in warehouses that were notably burned by Confederates when evacuating Richmond?

answer: tobacco

text: tobacco

question: What general received the surrender of Richmond?

answer: Godfrey Weitzel

text: Godfrey Weitzel

question: On what day did the Confederacy surrender Richmond to the Union?

answer: April 2, 1865

text: April 2, 1865

question: By what means did Davis leave Richmond?

answer: train

text: train

question: What percentage of Richmond was destroyed by fire after the Confederate evacuation?

answer: 25


text: At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

title: Canadian_Armed_Forces

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: Canada

text: possessed

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: air

text: force

text: and

text: fifth

text: largest

text: naval

text: surface

text: fleet

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: volunteer

text: army

text: ever

text: fielded

text: Conscription

text: for

text: overseas

text: service

text: was

text: introduced

text: only

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: only

text: conscripts

text: actually

text: made

text: it

text: into

text: battle

text: Originally

text: Canada

text: was

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: navy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: new

text: data

text: based

text: on

text: Japanese

text: and

text: Soviet

text: sources

text: found

text: that

text: to

text: be

text: incorrect

question: Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War?

answer: the largest volunteer army ever

text: the largest volunteer army ever

question: What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: Which other country had a sizable naval army?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: When did Canada possess the fifth-largest air force?

text: At the end of the Second World War

question: When did Canada possess the fourth-largest naval surface fleet?

text: At the end of the Second World War

question: What was introduced at then end of the war?

text: Conscription for overseas service

question: How many conscripts made it into the naval surface fleet?

question: Canada had which biggest army during the Third World War?

text: largest volunteer army ever fielded

question: What country fell providing with less information on Canada's army size?

text: Soviet Union

question: Which other country had a small naval army?

text: Japanese


text: Dell's manufacturing process covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house. The company's approach has changed, as cited in the 2006 Annual Report, which states, "We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships." The Wall Street Journal reported in September 2008 that "Dell has approached contract computer manufacturers with offers to sell" their plants. By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: Dell

text: 's

text: manufacturing

text: process

text: covers

text: assembly

text: software

text: installation

text: functional

text: testing

text: including

text: burn

text: in

text: and

text: quality

text: control

text: Throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: history

text: Dell

text: manufactured

text: desktop

text: machines

text: in

text: house

text: and

text: contracted

text: out

text: manufacturing

text: of

text: base

text: notebooks

text: for

text: configuration

text: in

text: house

text: The

text: company

text: 's

text: approach

text: has

text: changed

text: as

text: cited

text: in

text: the

text: Annual

text: Report

text: which

text: states

text: We

text: are

text: continuing

text: to

text: expand

text: our

text: use

text: of

text: original

text: design

text: manufacturing

text: partnerships

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: outsourcing

text: relationships

text: The

text: Wall

text: Street

text: Journal

text: reported

text: in

text: September

text: that

text: Dell

text: has

text: approached

text: contract

text: computer

text: manufacturers

text: with

text: offers

text: to

text: sell

text: their

text: plants

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: Dell

text: 's

text: configure

text: to

text: order

text: approach

text: of

text: manufacturing

text: delivering

text: individual

text: PCs

text: configured

text: to

text: customer

text: specifications

text: from

text: its

text: US

text: facilities

text: was

text: no

text: longer

text: as

text: efficient

text: or

text: competitive

text: with

text: high

text: volume

text: Asian

text: contract

text: manufacturers

text: as

text: PCs

text: became

text: powerful

text: low

text: cost

text: commodities

question: Which of Dell's processes handles PC assembly, testing, and quality control?

answer: manufacturing

text: manufacturing

question: Where did Dell configure their notebooks?

answer: in-house

text: in-house

question: When did Dell describe their changing approach to manufacturing?

answer: 2006

question: Who reported that Dell was offering to sell their manufacturing plants?

answer: The Wall Street Journal

text: The Wall Street Journal

question: What manufacturers was Dell losing to efficiency-wise?

answer: Asian

text: Asian

question: Which of Dell's processes handles CP assembly, testing, and quality control?

text: manufacturing

question: Where did Dell scrap their notebooks?

text: in-house

question: When did Dell describe their changing approach to sales?

question: Who reported that Dell was offering to buy their manufacturing plants?

text: The Wall Street Journal

question: What manufacturers was Dell gaining efficiency-wise?

text: Asian


text: Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek instead of the western Latin. Theological and political differences emerged, and by the early and middle 8th century issues such as iconoclasm, clerical marriage, and state control of the church had widened to the extent that the cultural and religious differences were greater than the similarities. The formal break came in 1054, when the papacy and the patriarchy of Constantinople clashed over papal supremacy and excommunicated each other, which led to the division of Christianity into two churches—the western branch became the Roman Catholic Church and the eastern branch the Orthodox Church.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: Christianity

text: was

text: a

text: major

text: unifying

text: factor

text: between

text: Eastern

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: before

text: the

text: Arab

text: conquests

text: but

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: sundered

text: maritime

text: connections

text: between

text: those

text: areas

text: Increasingly

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Church

text: differed

text: in

text: language

text: practices

text: and

text: liturgy

text: from

text: the

text: western

text: Church

text: The

text: eastern

text: church

text: used

text: Greek

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: Latin

text: Theological

text: and

text: political

text: differences

text: emerged

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: middle

text: century

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: iconoclasm

text: clerical

text: marriage

text: and

text: state

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: had

text: widened

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: religious

text: differences

text: were

text: greater

text: than

text: the

text: similarities

text: The

text: formal

text: break

text: came

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: papacy

text: and

text: the

text: patriarchy

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: clashed

text: over

text: papal

text: supremacy

text: and

text: excommunicated

text: each

text: other

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Christianity

text: into

text: two

text: churches

text: the

text: western

text: branch

text: became

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: branch

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Church

question: What language was used by the eastern church?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: What language did the western church use?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: When did the eastern and western churches split?

answer: 1054

question: Over what issue did the eastern and western churches split?

answer: papal supremacy

text: papal supremacy

question: What was the eastern church subsequently known as?

answer: the Orthodox Church

text: the Orthodox Church


text: In 2011 the National Archives initiated a Wikiproject on the English Wikipedia to expand collaboration in making its holdings widely available through Wikimedia.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: In

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: initiated

text: a

text: Wikiproject

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: Wikipedia

text: to

text: expand

text: collaboration

text: in

text: making

text: its

text: holdings

text: widely

text: available

text: through

text: Wikimedia

question: In 2011, what sort of Wikipedia addition did the National Archives make?

answer: Wikiproject

text: Wikiproject

question: What was the purpose of creating a Wikiproject?

answer: expand collaboration

text: expand collaboration

question: Whose idea was it for the National Archives to work with Wikimedia?

answer: National Archives

text: National Archives

question: What benefit does public reap from the National Archives working with Wikimedia?

answer: holdings widely available

text: holdings widely available

question: Which language was the Wikiproject primarily created in?

answer: English

text: English

question: In what language was Wikipedia first published in in 2011?

text: English

question: What is the purpose behind the creation of Wikimedia?

text: expand collaboration

question: What did Wikimedia want saved in the English National Archives?

text: a Wikiproject

question: What did Wikipedia want its holdings available through?

text: Wikimedia

question: What did English Wikipedia want to expand in 2011?

text: collaboration


text: According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the "matter" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy - with little agreement amongst scientists about what these are made of.

title: Materialism

title: Materialism

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: dominant

text: cosmological

text: model

text: the

text: Lambda

text: CDM

text: model

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: 's

text: energy

text: density

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: matter

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: Standard

text: Model

text: of

text: Particle

text: Physics

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: dark

text: matter

text: and

text: dark

text: energy

text: with

text: little

text: agreement

text: amongst

text: scientists

text: about

text: what

text: these

text: are

text: made

text: of

question: Which model suggests that matter is 5% of the universe?

answer: Lambda-CDM model

text: Lambda-CDM model

question: What type of matter does the model consider it to be?

answer: dark matter

text: dark matter

question: Which model suggests that matter is 0.5% of the universe?

text: Lambda-CDM model

question: What type of matter does the model believe it to not be?

text: dark matter

question: The standard model believes none of the universe is composed of what?

text: dark matter and dark energy


text: The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: The

text: first

text: settlement

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: Paleapolis

text: Παλεάπολις

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: world

text: for

text: old

text: city

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: a

text: second

text: settlement

text: built

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: called

text: Neapolis

text: Νεάπολις

text: new

text: city

text: The

text: neapolis

text: was

text: erected

text: towards

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: it

text: monumental

text: walls

text: around

text: the

text: whole

text: settlement

text: were

text: built

text: to

text: prevent

text: attacks

text: from

text: foreign

text: threats

text: Some

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: structure

text: can

text: still

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: Cassaro

text: district

text: This

text: district

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: walls

text: themselves

text: the

text: word

text: Cassaro

text: deriving

text: from

text: the

text: Arab

text: al

text: qsr

text: castle

text: stronghold

text: Along

text: the

text: walls

text: there

text: were

text: few

text: doors

text: to

text: access

text: and

text: exit

text: the

text: city

text: suggesting

text: that

text: trade

text: even

text: toward

text: the

text: inner

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: occurred

text: frequently

text: Moreover

text: according

text: to

text: some

text: studies

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: possible

text: that

text: there

text: were

text: some

text: walls

text: that

text: divided

text: the

text: old

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: new

text: one

text: too

text: The

text: colony

text: developed

text: around

text: a

text: central

text: street

text: decumanus

text: cut

text: perpendicularly

text: by

text: minor

text: streets

text: This

text: street

text: today

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: Corso

text: Vittorio

text: Emanuele

question: Why was the first settlement named Paleapolis?

answer: in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis

text: in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis

question: What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?

answer: prevent attacks from foreign threats

text: prevent attacks from foreign threats

question: Which district was named for the walls surrounding it?

answer: Cassaro

text: Cassaro

question: What did Arabs call the "old city"?

text: The first settlement

question: What was built during the 500's BC.?

text: a second settlement

question: What is Neapolis the first settlement of?

text: the city

question: What was built around thesettlement to keep sea water out?

text: monumental walls

question: What district was the wall named after?

text: Cassaro


text: The European publishing company, Panini, approached Digimon in different ways in different countries. While Germany created their own adaptations of episodes, the United Kingdom (UK) reprinted the Dark Horse titles, then translated some of the German adaptations of Adventure 02 episodes. Eventually the UK comics were given their own original stories, which appeared in both the UK's official Digimon Magazine and the official UK Fox Kids companion magazine, Wickid. These original stories only roughly followed the continuity of Adventure 02. When the comic switched to the Tamers series the storylines adhered to continuity more strictly; sometimes it would expand on subject matter not covered by the original Japanese anime (such as Mitsuo Yamaki's past) or the English adaptations of the television shows and movies (such as Ryo's story or the movies that remained undubbed until 2005). In a money saving venture, the original stories were later removed from Digimon Magazine, which returned to printing translated German adaptations of Tamers episodes. Eventually, both magazines were cancelled.

title: Digimon

title: Digimon

text: The

text: European

text: publishing

text: company

text: Panini

text: approached

text: Digimon

text: in

text: different

text: ways

text: in

text: different

text: countries

text: While

text: Germany

text: created

text: their

text: own

text: adaptations

text: of

text: episodes

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: reprinted

text: the

text: Dark

text: Horse

text: titles

text: then

text: translated

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: adaptations

text: of

text: Adventure

text: episodes

text: Eventually

text: the

text: UK

text: comics

text: were

text: given

text: their

text: own

text: original

text: stories

text: which

text: appeared

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: official

text: Digimon

text: Magazine

text: and

text: the

text: official

text: UK

text: Fox

text: Kids

text: companion

text: magazine

text: Wickid

text: These

text: original

text: stories

text: only

text: roughly

text: followed

text: the

text: continuity

text: of

text: Adventure

text: When

text: the

text: comic

text: switched

text: to

text: the

text: Tamers

text: series

text: the

text: storylines

text: adhered

text: to

text: continuity

text: more

text: strictly

text: sometimes

text: it

text: would

text: expand

text: on

text: subject

text: matter

text: not

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: original

text: Japanese

text: anime

text: such

text: as

text: Mitsuo

text: Yamaki

text: 's

text: past

text: or

text: the

text: English

text: adaptations

text: of

text: the

text: television

text: shows

text: and

text: movies

text: such

text: as

text: Ryo

text: 's

text: story

text: or

text: the

text: movies

text: that

text: remained

text: undubbed

text: until

text: In

text: a

text: money

text: saving

text: venture

text: the

text: original

text: stories

text: were

text: later

text: removed

text: from

text: Digimon

text: Magazine

text: which

text: returned

text: to

text: printing

text: translated

text: German

text: adaptations

text: of

text: Tamers

text: episodes

text: Eventually

text: both

text: magazines

text: were

text: cancelled

question: What magazine were given their own original stories of Digimon?

answer: UK comics

text: UK comics

question: What series did the UK magazine storyline follow?

answer: Adventure 02

text: Adventure 02

question: What happened to the magazines after their run of Digimon?

answer: both magazines were cancelled

text: both magazines were cancelled

question: What did the UK create the adaptations of?

text: episodes

question: What did Germany retreat?

text: the Dark Horse titles

question: What words that replicas of adventure 02?

text: UK comics

question: What remains unloved until 2008?

text: movies


text: Due to extreme variation in elevation, great variation occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal . The climate varies from hot and subhumid tropical in the southern tracts to, with more elevation, cold, alpine, and glacial in the northern and eastern mountain ranges. The state has areas like Dharamsala that receive very heavy rainfall, as well as those like Lahaul and Spiti that are cold and almost rainless. Broadly, Himachal experiences three seasons: summer, winter, and rainy season. Summer lasts from mid-April till the end of June and most parts become very hot (except in the alpine zone which experiences a mild summer) with the average temperature ranging from 28 to 32 °C (82 to 90 °F). Winter lasts from late November till mid March. Snowfall is common in alpine tracts (generally above 2,200 metres (7,218 ft) i.e. in the higher and trans-Himalayan region).

title: Himachal_Pradesh

title: Himachal_Pradesh

text: Due

text: to

text: extreme

text: variation

text: in

text: elevation

text: great

text: variation

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: climatic

text: conditions

text: of

text: Himachal

text: The

text: climate

text: varies

text: from

text: hot

text: and

text: subhumid

text: tropical

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: tracts

text: to

text: with

text: more

text: elevation

text: cold

text: alpine

text: and

text: glacial

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: and

text: eastern

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: areas

text: like

text: Dharamsala

text: that

text: receive

text: very

text: heavy

text: rainfall

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: those

text: like

text: Lahaul

text: and

text: Spiti

text: that

text: are

text: cold

text: and

text: almost

text: rainless

text: Broadly

text: Himachal

text: experiences

text: three

text: seasons

text: summer

text: winter

text: and

text: rainy

text: season

text: Summer

text: lasts

text: from

text: mid

text: April

text: till

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: June

text: and

text: most

text: parts

text: become

text: very

text: hot

text: except

text: in

text: the

text: alpine

text: zone

text: which

text: experiences

text: a

text: mild

text: summer

text: with

text: the

text: average

text: temperature

text: ranging

text: from

text: to

text: C

text: to

text: F

text: Winter

text: lasts

text: from

text: late

text: November

text: till

text: mid

text: March

text: Snowfall

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: alpine

text: tracts

text: generally

text: above

text: metres

text: ft

text: i.e.

text: in

text: the

text: higher

text: and

text: trans

text: Himalayan

text: region

question: What occurs in the climatic conditions of Himachal?

answer: great variation

text: great variation

question: What is the climate like?

answer: varies from hot and subhumid tropical

text: varies from hot and subhumid tropical

question: What three seasons does Himachal experience?

answer: summer, winter, and rainy season

text: summer, winter, and rainy season

question: How long does summer last?

answer: mid-April till the end of June

text: mid-April till the end of June

question: How long does winter last?

answer: late November till mid March.

text: late November till mid March.

question: Why is there variation in the climate conditions of Lahaul?

text: Due to extreme variation in elevation

question: What three seasons are in Spiti?

text: summer, winter, and rainy season

question: How long does summer last in Dharamsala?

text: from mid-April till the end of June

question: How does the climate vary in the trans-Himalayan region?

question: How are most parts of Lahaul except in Spiti?

text: very hot


text: London's first and only cable car, known as the Emirates Air Line, opened in June 2012. Crossing the River Thames, linking Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks in the east of the city, the cable car is integrated with London's Oyster Card ticketing system, although special fares are charged. Costing £60 million to build, it carries over 3,500 passengers every day, although this is very much lower than its capacity. Similar to the Santander Cycles bike hire scheme, the cable car is sponsored in a 10-year deal by the airline Emirates.

title: London

title: London

text: London

text: 's

text: first

text: and

text: only

text: cable

text: car

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Emirates

text: Air

text: Line

text: opened

text: in

text: June

text: Crossing

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: linking

text: Greenwich

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: Docks

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: cable

text: car

text: is

text: integrated

text: with

text: London

text: 's

text: Oyster

text: Card

text: ticketing

text: system

text: although

text: special

text: fares

text: are

text: charged

text: Costing

text: million

text: to

text: build

text: it

text: carries

text: over

text: passengers

text: every

text: day

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: very

text: much

text: lower

text: than

text: its

text: capacity

text: Similar

text: to

text: the

text: Santander

text: Cycles

text: bike

text: hire

text: scheme

text: the

text: cable

text: car

text: is

text: sponsored

text: in

text: a

text: deal

text: by

text: the

text: airline

text: Emirates

question: What is the name of London' bike-for-hire operation?

answer: Santander Cycles

text: Santander Cycles

question: When did the single cable car operating in London begin service?

answer: June 2012

text: June 2012

question: Who is the current sponsor of London's cable car operation?

answer: the airline Emirates

text: the airline Emirates

question: What was the approximate cost to build the Emirates Airline Cable Car?

answer: £60

question: Roughly how many passengers travel daily on London's cable car?

answer: 3,500


text: After a death sentence is affirmed in state collateral review, the prisoner may file for federal habeas corpus, which is a unique type of lawsuit that can be brought in federal courts. Federal habeas corpus is a species of collateral review, and it is the only way that state prisoners may attack a death sentence in federal court (other than petitions for certiorari to the United States Supreme Court after both direct review and state collateral review). The scope of federal habeas corpus is governed by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which restricted significantly its previous scope. The purpose of federal habeas corpus is to ensure that state courts, through the process of direct review and state collateral review, have done at least a reasonable job in protecting the prisoner's federal constitutional rights. Prisoners may also use federal habeas corpus suits to bring forth new evidence that they are innocent of the crime, though to be a valid defense at this late stage in the process, evidence of innocence must be truly compelling.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: After

text: a

text: death

text: sentence

text: is

text: affirmed

text: in

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: the

text: prisoner

text: may

text: file

text: for

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: unique

text: type

text: of

text: lawsuit

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: brought

text: in

text: federal

text: courts

text: Federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: is

text: a

text: species

text: of

text: collateral

text: review

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: way

text: that

text: state

text: prisoners

text: may

text: attack

text: a

text: death

text: sentence

text: in

text: federal

text: court

text: other

text: than

text: petitions

text: for

text: certiorari

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: after

text: both

text: direct

text: review

text: and

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: The

text: scope

text: of

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Antiterrorism

text: and

text: Effective

text: Death

text: Penalty

text: Act

text: of

text: which

text: restricted

text: significantly

text: its

text: previous

text: scope

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: is

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: state

text: courts

text: through

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: direct

text: review

text: and

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: have

text: done

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: reasonable

text: job

text: in

text: protecting

text: the

text: prisoner

text: 's

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: rights

text: Prisoners

text: may

text: also

text: use

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: suits

text: to

text: bring

text: forth

text: new

text: evidence

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: innocent

text: of

text: the

text: crime

text: though

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: valid

text: defense

text: at

text: this

text: late

text: stage

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: evidence

text: of

text: innocence

text: must

text: be

text: truly

text: compelling

question: What act restricted the scope of federal habeas corpus?

answer: the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

text: the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

question: How may state prisoners seek to have a death sentence overturned in federal court?

answer: Federal habeas corpus

text: Federal habeas corpus

question: In what courts can federal habeas corpus suits be brought?

answer: federal

text: federal

question: If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're innocent, what must the evidence be?

answer: truly compelling

text: truly compelling

question: What act didn't restrict the scope of federal habeas corpus?

question: How may state prisoners seek to have a death sentence not overturned in federal court?

text: federal

question: If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're guilty, what must the evidence be?

text: truly compelling


text: The centre of Southampton is located above a large hot water aquifer that provides geothermal power to some of the city's buildings. This energy is processed at a plant in the West Quay region in Southampton city centre, the only geothermal power station in the UK. The plant provides private electricity for the Port of Southampton and hot water to the Southampton District Energy Scheme used by many buildings including the WestQuay shopping centre. In a 2006 survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest carbon emitting cities in the United Kingdom.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: The

text: centre

text: of

text: Southampton

text: is

text: located

text: above

text: a

text: large

text: hot

text: water

text: aquifer

text: that

text: provides

text: geothermal

text: power

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: buildings

text: This

text: energy

text: is

text: processed

text: at

text: a

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Quay

text: region

text: in

text: Southampton

text: city

text: centre

text: the

text: only

text: geothermal

text: power

text: station

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: The

text: plant

text: provides

text: private

text: electricity

text: for

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Southampton

text: and

text: hot

text: water

text: to

text: the

text: Southampton

text: District

text: Energy

text: Scheme

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: buildings

text: including

text: the

text: WestQuay

text: shopping

text: centre

text: In

text: a

text: survey

text: of

text: carbon

text: emissions

text: in

text: major

text: UK

text: cities

text: conducted

text: by

text: British

text: Gas

text: Southampton

text: was

text: ranked

text: as

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lowest

text: carbon

text: emitting

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

question: What source of geothermal power sits below Southampton's center?

answer: hot water aquifer

text: hot water aquifer

question: In what region of Southampton is the geothermal power station for the aquifer?

answer: West Quay

text: West Quay

question: Which section of the city receives hot water from geothermal power through the West Quay plant?

answer: Southampton District Energy Scheme

text: Southampton District Energy Scheme

question: What utility company sponsored a carbon emissions survey in 2006?

answer: British Gas

text: British Gas

question: In the 2006 study, Southampton was discovered to be one of the lowest carbon emitters out of major cities in what large geographical area?

answer: United Kingdom

text: United Kingdom


text: The Russians eventually offered battle outside Moscow on 7 September: the Battle of Borodino resulted in approximately 44,000 Russian and 35,000 French dead, wounded or captured, and may have been the bloodiest day of battle in history up to that point in time. Although the French had won, the Russian army had accepted, and withstood, the major battle Napoleon had hoped would be decisive. Napoleon's own account was: "The most terrible of all my battles was the one before Moscow. The French showed themselves to be worthy of victory, but the Russians showed themselves worthy of being invincible."

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: The

text: Russians

text: eventually

text: offered

text: battle

text: outside

text: Moscow

text: on

text: September

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Borodino

text: resulted

text: in

text: approximately

text: Russian

text: and

text: French

text: dead

text: wounded

text: or

text: captured

text: and

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: bloodiest

text: day

text: of

text: battle

text: in

text: history

text: up

text: to

text: that

text: point

text: in

text: time

text: Although

text: the

text: French

text: had

text: won

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: had

text: accepted

text: and

text: withstood

text: the

text: major

text: battle

text: Napoleon

text: had

text: hoped

text: would

text: be

text: decisive

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: own

text: account

text: was

text: The

text: most

text: terrible

text: of

text: all

text: my

text: battles

text: was

text: the

text: one

text: before

text: Moscow

text: The

text: French

text: showed

text: themselves

text: to

text: be

text: worthy

text: of

text: victory

text: but

text: the

text: Russians

text: showed

text: themselves

text: worthy

text: of

text: being

text: invincible

question: Outside what city did the Battle of Borodino occur?

answer: Moscow

text: Moscow

question: On what date did the Battle of Borodino take place?

answer: 7 September

text: 7 September

question: Approximately how many Russians were hurt, killed, or captured in the Battle of Borodino?

answer: 44,000

question: Around how many French were killed, injured, or taken prisoner in the Battle of Borodino?

answer: 35,000

question: Who won the Battle of Borodino?

answer: the French

text: the French


text: Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was a center of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. The city's punk and hardcore scenes were influential in the 1970s and 1980s. New York has long had a flourishing scene for Jewish American literature.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: Numerous

text: major

text: American

text: cultural

text: movements

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Harlem

text: Renaissance

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: literary

text: canon

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: a

text: center

text: of

text: jazz

text: in

text: the

text: abstract

text: expressionism

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: punk

text: and

text: hardcore

text: scenes

text: were

text: influential

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: has

text: long

text: had

text: a

text: flourishing

text: scene

text: for

text: Jewish

text: American

text: literature

question: Jazz became popular during which decade in NYC?

answer: 1940s

question: Which decade did hip hop start to surface in NYC?

answer: 1970s

question: What was the name of the cultural development that defined the black American literary canon?

answer: the Harlem Renaissance

text: the Harlem Renaissance

question: What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s?

answer: jazz

text: jazz

question: What artistic style was prominent in New York in the 1950s?

answer: abstract expressionism

text: abstract expressionism

question: What was the name of the new musical style that emerged from New York in the 1970s?

answer: hip hop

text: hip hop


text: In the Hellenistic period, there was much continuity in Greek religion: the Greek gods continued to be worshiped, and the same rites were practiced as before. However the socio-political changes brought on by the conquest of the Persian empire and Greek emigration abroad meant that change also came to religious practices. This varied greatly on location, Athens, Sparta and most cities in the Greek mainland did not see much religious change or new gods (with the exception of the Egyptian Isis in Athens), while the multi-ethnic Alexandria had a very varied group of gods and religious practices, including Egyptian, Jewish and Greek. Greek emigres brought their Greek religion everywhere they went, even as far as India and Afghanistan. Non-Greeks also had more freedom to travel and trade throughout the Mediterranean and in this period we can see Egyptian gods such as Serapis, and the Syrian gods Atargatis and Hadad, as well as a Jewish synagogue, all coexisting on the island of Delos alongside classical Greek deities. A common practice was to identify Greek gods with native gods that had similar characteristics and this created new fusions like Zeus-Ammon, Aphrodite Hagne (a Hellenized Atargatis) and Isis-Demeter. Greek emigres faced individual religious choices they had not faced on their home cities, where the gods they worshiped were dictated by tradition.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: In

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: there

text: was

text: much

text: continuity

text: in

text: Greek

text: religion

text: the

text: Greek

text: gods

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: worshiped

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: rites

text: were

text: practiced

text: as

text: before

text: However

text: the

text: socio

text: political

text: changes

text: brought

text: on

text: by

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: empire

text: and

text: Greek

text: emigration

text: abroad

text: meant

text: that

text: change

text: also

text: came

text: to

text: religious

text: practices

text: This

text: varied

text: greatly

text: on

text: location

text: Athens

text: Sparta

text: and

text: most

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Greek

text: mainland

text: did

text: not

text: see

text: much

text: religious

text: change

text: or

text: new

text: gods

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Isis

text: in

text: Athens

text: while

text: the

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: Alexandria

text: had

text: a

text: very

text: varied

text: group

text: of

text: gods

text: and

text: religious

text: practices

text: including

text: Egyptian

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Greek

text: Greek

text: emigres

text: brought

text: their

text: Greek

text: religion

text: everywhere

text: they

text: went

text: even

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: India

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: Non

text: Greeks

text: also

text: had

text: more

text: freedom

text: to

text: travel

text: and

text: trade

text: throughout

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: we

text: can

text: see

text: Egyptian

text: gods

text: such

text: as

text: Serapis

text: and

text: the

text: Syrian

text: gods

text: Atargatis

text: and

text: Hadad

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: Jewish

text: synagogue

text: all

text: coexisting

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Delos

text: alongside

text: classical

text: Greek

text: deities

text: A

text: common

text: practice

text: was

text: to

text: identify

text: Greek

text: gods

text: with

text: native

text: gods

text: that

text: had

text: similar

text: characteristics

text: and

text: this

text: created

text: new

text: fusions

text: like

text: Zeus

text: Ammon

text: Aphrodite

text: Hagne

text: a

text: Hellenized

text: Atargatis

text: and

text: Isis

text: Demeter

text: Greek

text: emigres

text: faced

text: individual

text: religious

text: choices

text: they

text: had

text: not

text: faced

text: on

text: their

text: home

text: cities

text: where

text: the

text: gods

text: they

text: worshiped

text: were

text: dictated

text: by

text: tradition

question: What Egyptian god was worshipped in Athens?

answer: Isis

text: Isis

question: Zeus was paired with which local god?

answer: Ammon

text: Ammon

question: Aphrodite was paired with which local god?

answer: Hagne

text: Hagne

question: Isis was paired with what local god?

answer: Demeter

text: Demeter


text: By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a precedent that continues. The new medium of television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent. Nadia Comăneci received the first perfect score, at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada. She was coached in Romania by coach, (Hungarian ethnicity), Béla Károlyi. Comaneci scored four of her perfect tens on the uneven bars, two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise. Even with Nadia's perfect scores, the Romanians lost the gold medal to the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Comaneci became an Olympic icon.

title: Gymnastics

title: Gymnastics

text: By

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: apparatus

text: and

text: events

text: for

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: had

text: been

text: standardized

text: in

text: modern

text: format

text: and

text: uniform

text: grading

text: structures

text: including

text: a

text: point

text: system

text: from

text: to

text: had

text: been

text: agreed

text: upon

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: Soviet

text: gymnasts

text: astounded

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: highly

text: disciplined

text: and

text: difficult

text: performances

text: setting

text: a

text: precedent

text: that

text: continues

text: The

text: new

text: medium

text: of

text: television

text: has

text: helped

text: publicize

text: and

text: initiate

text: a

text: modern

text: age

text: of

text: gymnastics

text: Both

text: men

text: 's

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: gymnastics

text: now

text: attract

text: considerable

text: international

text: interest

text: and

text: excellent

text: gymnasts

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: on

text: every

text: continent

text: Nadia

text: Comăneci

text: received

text: the

text: first

text: perfect

text: score

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: held

text: in

text: Montreal

text: Canada

text: She

text: was

text: coached

text: in

text: Romania

text: by

text: coach

text: Hungarian

text: ethnicity

text: Béla

text: Károlyi

text: Comaneci

text: scored

text: four

text: of

text: her

text: perfect

text: tens

text: on

text: the

text: uneven

text: bars

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: balance

text: beam

text: and

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: floor

text: exercise

text: Even

text: with

text: Nadia

text: 's

text: perfect

text: scores

text: the

text: Romanians

text: lost

text: the

text: gold

text: medal

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Nevertheless

text: Comaneci

text: became

text: an

text: Olympic

text: icon

question: What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized?

answer: 1954

question: What is the grading structure?

answer: a point system from 1 to 15

text: a point system from 1 to 15

question: Who set the first precedent that continues this day?

answer: Soviet gymnasts

text: Soviet gymnasts

question: Who recieved the first perfect score?

answer: Nadia Comăneci

text: Nadia Comăneci

question: What year and where was the first perfect score given?

answer: 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada

text: 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada

question: When did men and women start wearing matching uniforms?

question: Who wanted the Olympic games to be held every year?

text: Soviet gymnasts

question: What medium gave gymnasts a bad reputation?

text: television

question: Who received a perfect score at the 1980 Olympics?

text: Nadia Comăneci

question: Who was the first gymnastics judge?

text: Béla Károlyi


text: To Secure These Rights also called for desegregation of the Armed Forces. "Prejudice in any area is an ugly, undemocratic phenomenon, but in the armed services, where all men run the risk of death, it is especially repugnant." The rationale was fairness: "When an individual enters the service of the country, he necessarily surrenders some of the rights and privileges which are inherent in American citizenship." In return, the government "undertakes to protect his integrity as an individual." Yet that was not possible in the segregated Army, since "any discrimination which…prevents members of the minority groups from rendering full military service in defense of their country is for them a humiliating badge of inferiority." The report called for an end to "all discrimination and segregation based on race, color, creed, or national origins in…all branches of the Armed Services.":38–39

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: To

text: Secure

text: These

text: Rights

text: also

text: called

text: for

text: desegregation

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: Prejudice

text: in

text: any

text: area

text: is

text: an

text: ugly

text: undemocratic

text: phenomenon

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: armed

text: services

text: where

text: all

text: men

text: run

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: it

text: is

text: especially

text: repugnant

text: The

text: rationale

text: was

text: fairness

text: When

text: an

text: individual

text: enters

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: he

text: necessarily

text: surrenders

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: rights

text: and

text: privileges

text: which

text: are

text: inherent

text: in

text: American

text: citizenship

text: In

text: return

text: the

text: government

text: undertakes

text: to

text: protect

text: his

text: integrity

text: as

text: an

text: individual

text: Yet

text: that

text: was

text: not

text: possible

text: in

text: the

text: segregated

text: Army

text: since

text: any

text: discrimination

text: which

text: prevents

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: minority

text: groups

text: from

text: rendering

text: full

text: military

text: service

text: in

text: defense

text: of

text: their

text: country

text: is

text: for

text: them

text: a

text: humiliating

text: badge

text: of

text: inferiority

text: The

text: report

text: called

text: for

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: all

text: discrimination

text: and

text: segregation

text: based

text: on

text: race

text: color

text: creed

text: or

text: national

text: origins

text: in

text: all

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

question: The "To Secure These Rights" findings wanted desegregation of which institution?

answer: Armed Forces

text: Armed Forces

question: Which risk associated with serving was specifically highlighted by the findings?

answer: death

text: death

question: What did the findings say occurred to an individual when he enters the armed services?

answer: surrenders some of the rights and privileges

text: surrenders some of the rights and privileges

question: Discrimination that prevented minorities from serving their country to the best of their abilities was seen as what?

answer: a humiliating badge of inferiority

text: a humiliating badge of inferiority

question: The "To Secure These Rights" findings did not want desegregation of which institution?

text: Armed Forces

question: Which risk associated with serving wasn't specifically highlighted by the findings?

text: death

question: What did the findings say occurred to an individual when he leaves the armed services?

question: Discrimination that prevented minorities from serving their country to the best of their abilities wasn't seen as what?

text: humiliating badge of inferiority