text: Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, Doukhobors the Byzantine Rite and the Amish, Old Order Mennonites and Conservative Mennonites. Certain high church services and other musical events in liturgical churches (such as the Roman Catholic Mass and the Lutheran Divine Service) may be a cappella, a practice remaining from apostolic times. Many Mennonites also conduct some or all of their services without instruments. Sacred Harp, a type of folk music, is an a cappella style of religious singing with shape notes, usually sung at singing conventions.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: Present

text: day

text: Christian

text: religious

text: bodies

text: known

text: for

text: conducting

text: their

text: worship

text: services

text: without

text: musical

text: accompaniment

text: include

text: some

text: Presbyterian

text: churches

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: regulative

text: principle

text: of

text: worship

text: Old

text: Regular

text: Baptists

text: Primitive

text: Baptists

text: Plymouth

text: Brethren

text: Churches

text: of

text: Christ

text: the

text: Old

text: German

text: Baptist

text: Brethren

text: Doukhobors

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Rite

text: and

text: the

text: Amish

text: Old

text: Order

text: Mennonites

text: and

text: Conservative

text: Mennonites

text: Certain

text: high

text: church

text: services

text: and

text: other

text: musical

text: events

text: in

text: liturgical

text: churches

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Mass

text: and

text: the

text: Lutheran

text: Divine

text: Service

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: cappella

text: a

text: practice

text: remaining

text: from

text: apostolic

text: times

text: Many

text: Mennonites

text: also

text: conduct

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: their

text: services

text: without

text: instruments

text: Sacred

text: Harp

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: folk

text: music

text: is

text: an

text: a

text: cappella

text: style

text: of

text: religious

text: singing

text: with

text: shape

text: notes

text: usually

text: sung

text: at

text: singing

text: conventions

question: What is the name of the religious a cappella style used with shape notes?

answer: Sacred Harp

text: Sacred Harp

question: A cappella exists in some liturgical churches as an influence from what era?

answer: apostolic times

text: apostolic times

question: In the modern day, what broad religious group is most known to implement a cappella?

answer: Christian religious bodies

text: Christian religious bodies

question: What are some present day Christian churces nolonger use the a capella form?

question: what era influences todays secular a capella?

text: apostolic times.

question: What is a secular folk music song in a capella.

text: Sacred Harp

question: What is the name of the Mennonite style of singing used with shape notes?

text: Sacred Harp

question: From what time does harp folk music exist in some churches?

text: from apostolic times

question: What are some examples of present-day Christian churches that use instruments during worship services?

question: What church services use Sacred Harp, that is a practice from apostolic times?

question: In present times, which group is know to use shape notes in religious services?

text: Christian religious bodies


text: Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer technical training conducted by Second Air Force can also vary by AFSC, while flight training for aeronautically-rated officers conducted by AETC's Nineteenth Air Force can last well in excess of one year.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Training

text: programs

text: vary

text: in

text: length

text: for

text: example

text: Services

text: has

text: days

text: of

text: tech

text: school

text: training

text: while

text: Explosive

text: Ordnance

text: Disposal

text: is

text: one

text: year

text: of

text: training

text: with

text: a

text: preliminary

text: school

text: and

text: a

text: main

text: school

text: consisting

text: of

text: over

text: separate

text: divisions

text: sometimes

text: taking

text: students

text: close

text: to

text: two

text: years

text: to

text: complete

text: Officer

text: technical

text: training

text: conducted

text: by

text: Second

text: Air

text: Force

text: can

text: also

text: vary

text: by

text: AFSC

text: while

text: flight

text: training

text: for

text: aeronautically

text: rated

text: officers

text: conducted

text: by

text: AETC

text: 's

text: Nineteenth

text: Air

text: Force

text: can

text: last

text: well

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: one

text: year

question: What USAF tech school has 31 days of training?

answer: 3M0X1 (Services)

text: 3M0X1 (Services)

question: How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF?

answer: one year of training with a preliminary school

text: one year of training with a preliminary school

question: Who conducts the training for Technical Officers in the USAF?

answer: Second Air Force

text: Second Air Force

question: How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last?

answer: excess of one year

text: excess of one year


text: Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other forms of Buddhism and prefers to focus on direct spiritual breakthroughs to truth.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Zen

text: Buddhism

text: 禅

text: pronounced

text: Chán

text: in

text: Chinese

text: seon

text: in

text: Korean

text: or

text: zen

text: in

text: Japanese

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: term

text: dhyāna

text: meaning

text: meditation

text: is

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: that

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: China

text: Korea

text: and

text: Japan

text: and

text: that

text: lays

text: special

text: emphasis

text: on

text: meditation.[note

text: Zen

text: places

text: less

text: emphasis

text: on

text: scriptures

text: than

text: some

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: prefers

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: direct

text: spiritual

text: breakthroughs

text: to

text: truth

question: Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea?

answer: seon

text: seon

question: What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation?

answer: Zen

text: Zen

question: What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?

answer: Zen

text: Zen

question: Zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs?

answer: spiritual

text: spiritual


text: Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E / 46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E / 46.9524056; 7.4395833.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: Bern

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Swiss

text: plateau

text: in

text: the

text: Canton

text: of

text: Bern

text: slightly

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: km

text: mi

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Bernese

text: Alps

text: The

text: countryside

text: around

text: Bern

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: glaciers

text: during

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: Ice

text: Age

text: The

text: two

text: mountains

text: closest

text: to

text: Bern

text: are

text: Gurten

text: with

text: a

text: height

text: of

text: m

text: ft

text: and

text: Bantiger

text: with

text: a

text: height

text: of

text: m

text: ft

text: The

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: observatory

text: in

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: coordinate

text: system

text: at

text: N

text: E

question: Where is Bern located?

answer: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern

text: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern

question: What helped form the Bern countryside?

answer: glaciers

text: glaciers

question: What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?

answer: Bantiger

text: Bantiger


title: Premier_League

title: Premier_League

text: The

text: Premier

text: League

text: is

text: a

text: corporation

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: member

text: clubs

text: act

text: as

text: shareholders

text: Seasons

text: run

text: from

text: August

text: to

text: May.

text: Teams

text: play

text: matches

text: each

text: playing

text: each

text: team

text: in

text: the

text: league

text: twice

text: home

text: and

text: away

text: totalling

text: matches

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: Most

text: games

text: are

text: played

text: on

text: Saturday

text: and

text: Sunday

text: afternoons

text: others

text: during

text: weekday

text: evenings

text: It

text: is

text: currently

text: sponsored

text: by

text: Barclays

text: Bank

text: and

text: thus

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Barclays

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: is

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Premiership

text: Outside

text: the

text: UK

text: it

text: is

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: English

text: Premier

text: League

text: EPL

question: How many club members are there?

answer: The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders

text: The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders

question: How many matches does each team play?

answer: Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season.

text: Teams play 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season.

question: What days are most games played?

answer: Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday evenings

text: Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; others during weekday evenings

question: Who sponsors the Premier League?

answer: It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and thus officially known as the Barclays Premier League and is colloquially known as the Premiership.

text: It is currently sponsored by Barclays Bank and thus officially known as the Barclays Premier League and is colloquially known as the Premiership.

question: What name is the Premier League known as outside of the United Kingdom?

answer: Outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League (EPL).

text: Outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League (EPL).

question: How many member clubs are shareholders in the Premier League?

answer: 20

question: When do Premier League seasons run from?

answer: August to May

text: August to May

question: How many matches do each team play?

answer: 38

question: Who sponsors the Premier League?

answer: Barclays Bank

text: Barclays Bank

question: What is the Premier League commonly referred to outside the UK?

answer: English Premier League

text: English Premier League

question: Teams play each other 3 times in which league?

text: The Premier League

question: In the Premier League, what do the 38 member clubs act as?

text: shareholders

question: What runs from May to August?

text: Seasons

question: What are mostly played on Sunday mornings?

text: games

question: Because it is sponsored by the shareholders, what is the league officially known as?

text: Barclays Premier League


text: The calabash is the primary musical instrument of Guinea-Bissau, and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music. Lyrics are almost always in Guinea-Bissau Creole, a Portuguese-based creole language, and are often humorous and topical, revolving around current events and controversies, especially AIDS.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: The

text: calabash

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: musical

text: instrument

text: of

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: extremely

text: swift

text: and

text: rhythmically

text: complex

text: dance

text: music

text: Lyrics

text: are

text: almost

text: always

text: in

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: Creole

text: a

text: Portuguese

text: based

text: creole

text: language

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: humorous

text: and

text: topical

text: revolving

text: around

text: current

text: events

text: and

text: controversies

text: especially

text: AIDS

question: What is the primary instrument of Guinea-Bissau?

answer: The calabash

text: The calabash

question: What type of music is the calabash used in?

answer: extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music

text: extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music

question: What language are lyrics typically sung in?

answer: Guinea-Bissau Creole

text: Guinea-Bissau Creole

question: What do typical song lyrics revolve around?

answer: current events and controversies

text: current events and controversies

question: What is the main controversy found in song lyrics?

answer: AIDS

text: AIDS


text: By 1979, with the establishment of the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) as a California non-profit research institution, an effort led by Robert F. Smith began to take full account of Larson’s work and to publish a Critical Text of the Book of Mormon. Thus was born the FARMS Critical Text Project which published the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work, greatly aided through the advice and assistance of then Yale doctoral candidate Grant Hardy, Dr. Gordon C. Thomasson, Professor John W. Welch (the head of FARMS), Professor Royal Skousen, and others too numerous to mention here. However, these were merely preliminary steps to a far more exacting and all-encompassing project.

title: Textual_criticism

title: Textual_criticism

text: By

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Ancient

text: Research

text: and

text: Mormon

text: Studies

text: FARMS

text: as

text: a

text: California

text: non

text: profit

text: research

text: institution

text: an

text: effort

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: F.

text: Smith

text: began

text: to

text: take

text: full

text: account

text: of

text: Larson

text: ’s

text: work

text: and

text: to

text: publish

text: a

text: Critical

text: Text

text: of

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Mormon

text: Thus

text: was

text: born

text: the

text: FARMS

text: Critical

text: Text

text: Project

text: which

text: published

text: the

text: first

text: volume

text: of

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Mormon

text: Critical

text: Text

text: in

text: The

text: third

text: volume

text: of

text: that

text: first

text: edition

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: but

text: was

text: already

text: being

text: superseded

text: by

text: a

text: second

text: revised

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: work

text: greatly

text: aided

text: through

text: the

text: advice

text: and

text: assistance

text: of

text: then

text: Yale

text: doctoral

text: candidate

text: Grant

text: Hardy

text: Dr.

text: Gordon

text: C.

text: Thomasson

text: Professor

text: John

text: W.

text: Welch

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: FARMS

text: Professor

text: Royal

text: Skousen

text: and

text: others

text: too

text: numerous

text: to

text: mention

text: here

text: However

text: these

text: were

text: merely

text: preliminary

text: steps

text: to

text: a

text: far

text: more

text: exacting

text: and

text: all

text: encompassing

text: project

question: What is FARMS?

answer: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies

text: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies

question: Who spearheaded the Critical Text of the Book of Mormon project?

answer: Robert F. Smith

text: Robert F. Smith

question: How many years did it take to publish all three volumes of the Book of Mormon Critical Text?

answer: the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987

text: the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987

question: Was the third volume of the first edition deemed sufficient?

answer: The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work

text: The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work

question: Who is the head of FARMS?

answer: Professor John W. Welch

text: Professor John W. Welch

question: When did FARMS stop existing?

question: When was the fifth volume of Critical Text Project published?

question: What book did Grant Hardy publish in 1987?

text: Book of Mormon Critical Text

question: Larson begin the research for what project?

question: FARMS was funded by whom?

text: Robert F. Smith


text: Despite the commanded withdrawal of Egyptian troops, about 2,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed during engagement with Israeli forces, and some 5,000 Egyptian soldiers were captured by the Israeli Army. Amer and Salah Salem proposed requesting a ceasefire, with Salem further recommending that Nasser surrender himself to British forces. Nasser berated Amer and Salem, and vowed, "Nobody is going to surrender." Nasser assumed military command. Despite the relative ease in which Sinai was occupied, Nasser's prestige at home and among Arabs was undamaged. To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Despite

text: the

text: commanded

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: troops

text: about

text: Egyptian

text: soldiers

text: were

text: killed

text: during

text: engagement

text: with

text: Israeli

text: forces

text: and

text: some

text: Egyptian

text: soldiers

text: were

text: captured

text: by

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Army

text: Amer

text: and

text: Salah

text: Salem

text: proposed

text: requesting

text: a

text: ceasefire

text: with

text: Salem

text: further

text: recommending

text: that

text: Nasser

text: surrender

text: himself

text: to

text: British

text: forces

text: Nasser

text: berated

text: Amer

text: and

text: Salem

text: and

text: vowed

text: Nobody

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: surrender

text: Nasser

text: assumed

text: military

text: command

text: Despite

text: the

text: relative

text: ease

text: in

text: which

text: Sinai

text: was

text: occupied

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: prestige

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: among

text: Arabs

text: was

text: undamaged

text: To

text: counterbalance

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Army

text: 's

text: dismal

text: performance

text: Nasser

text: authorized

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: about

text: rifles

text: to

text: civilian

text: volunteers

text: and

text: hundreds

text: of

text: militias

text: were

text: formed

text: throughout

text: Egypt

text: many

text: led

text: by

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: political

text: opponents

question: How many Egyptian soldiers died during the fighting?

answer: 2,000

question: How many Egyptian soldiers did the Israeli army capture?

answer: 5,000

question: To whom did Nasser authorize distribution of small arms?

answer: civilian volunteers

text: civilian volunteers

question: Who recommended Nasser surrender himself to the British?

answer: Salah Salem

text: Salah Salem

question: What was the consequence to Nassir's admiration among the Arab world for Egypt's military failure?

answer: undamaged

text: undamaged


text: Muawiyah also encouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christian communities of Syria, granting his reign with "peace and prosperity for Christians and Arabs alike", and one of his closest advisers was Sarjun, the father of John of Damascus. At the same time, he waged unceasing war against the Byzantine Roman Empire. During his reign, Rhodes and Crete were occupied, and several assaults were launched against Constantinople. After their failure, and faced with a large-scale Christian uprising in the form of the Mardaites, Muawiyah concluded a peace with Byzantium. Muawiyah also oversaw military expansion in North Africa (the foundation of Kairouan) and in Central Asia (the conquest of Kabul, Bukhara, and Samarkand).

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: Muawiyah

text: also

text: encouraged

text: peaceful

text: coexistence

text: with

text: the

text: Christian

text: communities

text: of

text: Syria

text: granting

text: his

text: reign

text: with

text: peace

text: and

text: prosperity

text: for

text: Christians

text: and

text: Arabs

text: alike

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: closest

text: advisers

text: was

text: Sarjun

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: John

text: of

text: Damascus

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: he

text: waged

text: unceasing

text: war

text: against

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: During

text: his

text: reign

text: Rhodes

text: and

text: Crete

text: were

text: occupied

text: and

text: several

text: assaults

text: were

text: launched

text: against

text: Constantinople

text: After

text: their

text: failure

text: and

text: faced

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: scale

text: Christian

text: uprising

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Mardaites

text: Muawiyah

text: concluded

text: a

text: peace

text: with

text: Byzantium

text: Muawiyah

text: also

text: oversaw

text: military

text: expansion

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: Kairouan

text: and

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: Kabul

text: Bukhara

text: and

text: Samarkand

question: Who was the son of Sarjun?

answer: John of Damascus

text: John of Damascus

question: Along with Rhodes, what Byzantine possession did Muawiyah occupy?

answer: Crete

text: Crete

question: Who group of Christians rose up against Muawiyah?

answer: Mardaites

text: Mardaites

question: What did Muawiyah found in North Africa?

answer: Kairouan

text: Kairouan

question: Who discouraged peaceful coexistence with the Christians in Syria?

text: Muawiyah

question: Who was Muawiyah's least close adviser?

text: Sarjun

question: When were Rhodes and Crete freed from occupation?

text: During his reign

question: Who oversaw a military withdrawal in North Africa?

text: Muawiyah

question: Where did Muawiya shrink military expansion in?

text: Central Asia


text: Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.

title: Guinea-Bissau

title: Guinea

title: Bissau

text: Beginning

text: around

text: drug

text: traffickers

text: based

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: began

text: to

text: use

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: along

text: with

text: several

text: neighboring

text: West

text: African

text: nations

text: as

text: a

text: transshipment

text: point

text: to

text: Europe

text: for

text: cocaine

text: The

text: nation

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: a

text: United

text: Nations

text: official

text: as

text: being

text: at

text: risk

text: for

text: becoming

text: a

text: narco

text: state

text: The

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: military

text: have

text: done

text: little

text: to

text: stop

text: drug

text: trafficking

text: which

text: increased

text: after

text: the

text: coup

text: d'état

question: When did drug traffickers begin to use Guinea-Bissau?

answer: 2005

question: Where did the drug traffickers come from?

answer: Latin America

text: Latin America

question: What was the final destination of the drugs going through Guinea-Bissau?

answer: Europe

text: Europe

question: Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state"?

answer: a United Nations official

text: a United Nations official

question: Who has done little to stop drug trafficking in the country?

answer: The government and the military

text: The government and the military


text: Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (soluble in carbon disulphide), with a penetration value near to zero and a softening point (ring & ball) around 120 °C. The insoluble matter, consisting mainly of silica ore, ranges from 8% to 17%.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Selenizza

text: is

text: a

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: solid

text: hydrocarbon

text: bitumen

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: native

text: asphalt

text: deposit

text: of

text: Selenice

text: in

text: Albania

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: asphalt

text: mine

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: The

text: rock

text: asphalt

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: veins

text: filling

text: cracks

text: in

text: a

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: horizontal

text: direction

text: The

text: bitumen

text: content

text: varies

text: from

text: to

text: soluble

text: in

text: carbon

text: disulphide

text: with

text: a

text: penetration

text: value

text: near

text: to

text: zero

text: and

text: a

text: softening

text: point

text: ring

text: ball

text: around

text: C

text: The

text: insoluble

text: matter

text: consisting

text: mainly

text: of

text: silica

text: ore

text: ranges

text: from

text: to

question: To what location is Selenizza bitumen native?

answer: Selenice, in Albania

text: Selenice, in Albania

question: What is it about the mine that is unusual?

answer: still in use

text: still in use

question: In what way is Selenizza bitumen geologically different than bitumen found in sands?

answer: rock asphalt

text: rock asphalt

question: What is the variance in bitumen content rock asphalt?

answer: 83% to 92%

text: 83% to 92%

question: How is the rock asphalt mainly found?

answer: veins

text: veins

question: The soluble matter consists mainly of silica ore and ranges from what percentage?

text: 8% to 17%

question: What type of matter ranges from 7% to 20%?

text: insoluble matter

question: The veins are found in the form of what?

text: rock asphalt

question: What content varies from 80% to 93%?

text: bitumen


text: After the capitulation of Axis forces in North Africa, Eisenhower oversaw the highly successful invasion of Sicily. Once Mussolini, the Italian leader, had fallen in Italy, the Allies switched their attention to the mainland with Operation Avalanche. But while Eisenhower argued with President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill, who both insisted on unconditional terms of surrender in exchange for helping the Italians, the Germans pursued an aggressive buildup of forces in the country – making the job more difficult, by adding 19 divisions and initially outnumbering the Allied forces 2 to 1; nevertheless, the invasion of Italy was highly successful.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: After

text: the

text: capitulation

text: of

text: Axis

text: forces

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: Eisenhower

text: oversaw

text: the

text: highly

text: successful

text: invasion

text: of

text: Sicily

text: Once

text: Mussolini

text: the

text: Italian

text: leader

text: had

text: fallen

text: in

text: Italy

text: the

text: Allies

text: switched

text: their

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: with

text: Operation

text: Avalanche

text: But

text: while

text: Eisenhower

text: argued

text: with

text: President

text: Roosevelt

text: and

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Churchill

text: who

text: both

text: insisted

text: on

text: unconditional

text: terms

text: of

text: surrender

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: helping

text: the

text: Italians

text: the

text: Germans

text: pursued

text: an

text: aggressive

text: buildup

text: of

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: making

text: the

text: job

text: more

text: difficult

text: by

text: adding

text: divisions

text: and

text: initially

text: outnumbering

text: the

text: Allied

text: forces

text: to

text: nevertheless

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Italy

text: was

text: highly

text: successful

question: What did the Allies invade after they conquered North Africa?

answer: Sicily

text: Sicily

question: What was the invasion of mainland Italy called?

answer: Operation Avalanche

text: Operation Avalanche

question: What was the initial ratio of Axis to Allied divisions in Italy?

answer: 2 to 1

text: 2 to 1

question: How many divisions did the Germans add to Italy?

answer: 19

question: Until he was deposed, who was the leader of Italy?

answer: Mussolini

text: Mussolini


text: The cloth or fiber material used, resin material, and the cloth to resin ratio determine the laminate's type designation (FR-4, CEM-1, G-10, etc.) and therefore the characteristics of the laminate produced. Important characteristics are the level to which the laminate is fire retardant, the dielectric constant (er), the loss factor (tδ), the tensile strength, the shear strength, the glass transition temperature (Tg), and the Z-axis expansion coefficient (how much the thickness changes with temperature).

title: Printed_circuit_board

title: Printed_circuit_board

text: The

text: cloth

text: or

text: fiber

text: material

text: used

text: resin

text: material

text: and

text: the

text: cloth

text: to

text: resin

text: ratio

text: determine

text: the

text: laminate

text: 's

text: type

text: designation

text: etc

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: laminate

text: produced

text: Important

text: characteristics

text: are

text: the

text: level

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: laminate

text: is

text: fire

text: retardant

text: the

text: dielectric

text: constant

text: er

text: the

text: loss

text: factor

text: tδ

text: the

text: tensile

text: strength

text: the

text: shear

text: strength

text: the

text: glass

text: transition

text: temperature

text: Tg

text: and

text: the

text: Z

text: axis

text: expansion

text: coefficient

text: how

text: much

text: the

text: thickness

text: changes

text: with

text: temperature

question: What element of a laminate is designated by the cloth to resin ratio, among other things?

answer: type designation

text: type designation

question: What's the name for the measurement of a laminate's change in thickness as its temperature changes?

answer: Z-axis expansion coefficient

text: Z-axis expansion coefficient

question: What's the abbreviation for the glass transition temperature of a laminate?

answer: Tg

text: Tg

question: What determine's the silver's type designation?

question: What is not considered an important characteristic?

question: The Z-axis expansion coagulant is what?

question: The gain factor is one of the important what?

text: characteristics

question: The shear sector is one of the important what?

text: characteristics


text: On September 11, 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon, and the most senior U.S. Army officer killed by foreign action since the death of Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II.

title: United_States_Army

title: United_States_Army

text: On

text: September

text: Army

text: civilians

text: employees

text: and

text: six

text: contractors

text: and

text: soldiers

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: victims

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Pentagon

text: in

text: a

text: terrorist

text: attack

text: when

text: American

text: Airlines

text: Flight

text: commandeered

text: by

text: five

text: Al

text: Qaeda

text: hijackers

text: slammed

text: into

text: the

text: western

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: Lieutenant

text: General

text: Timothy

text: Maude

text: was

text: the

text: highest

text: ranking

text: military

text: official

text: killed

text: at

text: the

text: Pentagon

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: officer

text: killed

text: by

text: foreign

text: action

text: since

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Lieutenant

text: General

text: Simon

text: B.

text: Buckner

text: Jr.

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Okinawa

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

question: How many victims were killed in the attack on the Pentagon?

answer: 125

question: What aircraft was hijacked?

answer: American Airlines Flight 77

text: American Airlines Flight 77

question: Did they crash into the eastern or wester part of the Pentagon.

answer: west

text: west

question: Who was the highest ranking official killed in the attack?

answer: Lieutenant General Timothy Maude

text: Lieutenant General Timothy Maude

question: How many victims were killed in the attack of the White House?

question: What aircraft was released by terrorists?

text: American Airlines Flight 77

question: Did the plane crash into the eastern or western part of the White HOuse?

text: western side

question: Who was the lowest ranking official killed in the attack?


text: A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of about 24 hours, circadian rhythms: these activity fluctuations are driven by rhythmic changes in expression of a set of "clock genes". The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: A

text: key

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: arousal

text: system

text: is

text: the

text: suprachiasmatic

text: nucleus

text: SCN

text: a

text: tiny

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: located

text: directly

text: above

text: the

text: point

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: optic

text: nerves

text: from

text: the

text: two

text: eyes

text: cross

text: The

text: SCN

text: contains

text: the

text: body

text: 's

text: central

text: biological

text: clock

text: Neurons

text: there

text: show

text: activity

text: levels

text: that

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: with

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: about

text: hours

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: these

text: activity

text: fluctuations

text: are

text: driven

text: by

text: rhythmic

text: changes

text: in

text: expression

text: of

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: clock

text: genes

text: The

text: SCN

text: continues

text: to

text: keep

text: time

text: even

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: excised

text: from

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: placed

text: in

text: a

text: dish

text: of

text: warm

text: nutrient

text: solution

text: but

text: it

text: ordinarily

text: receives

text: input

text: from

text: the

text: optic

text: nerves

text: through

text: the

text: retinohypothalamic

text: tract

text: RHT

text: that

text: allows

text: daily

text: light

text: dark

text: cycles

text: to

text: calibrate

text: the

text: clock

question: The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?

answer: suprachiasmatic nucleus

text: suprachiasmatic nucleus

question: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?

answer: the hypothalamus

text: the hypothalamus

question: Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?

answer: the suprachiasmatic nucleus

text: the suprachiasmatic nucleus

question: The RHT is an abbreviation for what?

answer: retinohypothalamic tract

text: retinohypothalamic tract

question: THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?

answer: the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT

text: the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT


text: Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to combine panels mentally into events. The size, shape, and arrangement of panels each affect the timing and pacing of the narrative. The contents of a panel may be asynchronous, with events depicted in the same image not necessarily occurring at the same time.

title: Comics

title: Comics

text: Panels

text: are

text: individual

text: images

text: containing

text: a

text: segment

text: of

text: action

text: often

text: surrounded

text: by

text: a

text: border

text: Prime

text: moments

text: in

text: a

text: narrative

text: are

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: panels

text: via

text: a

text: process

text: called

text: encapsulation

text: The

text: reader

text: puts

text: the

text: pieces

text: together

text: via

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: closure

text: by

text: using

text: background

text: knowledge

text: and

text: an

text: understanding

text: of

text: panel

text: relations

text: to

text: combine

text: panels

text: mentally

text: into

text: events

text: The

text: size

text: shape

text: and

text: arrangement

text: of

text: panels

text: each

text: affect

text: the

text: timing

text: and

text: pacing

text: of

text: the

text: narrative

text: The

text: contents

text: of

text: a

text: panel

text: may

text: be

text: asynchronous

text: with

text: events

text: depicted

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: image

text: not

text: necessarily

text: occurring

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

question: What are the individual images with action called in comics?

answer: Panels

text: Panels

question: Narrative is placed into panels using what?

answer: encapsulation

text: encapsulation

question: Who puts the panels together using closure?

answer: The reader

text: The reader

question: Timing and pace of comics is made by adjusting size, shape and what of panels?

answer: arrangement

text: arrangement

question: When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what?

answer: asynchronous

text: asynchronous

question: What are the multiple images with action called in comics?

text: Panels

question: Narrative isn't placed into panels using what?

text: encapsulation

question: Who takes the panels apart using closure?

text: The reader

question: Timing and pace of comics is made by not adjusting size, shape and what of panels?

text: arrangement

question: When a comic panel has events that are at the same time the panel is considered to be what?

text: asynchronous


text: The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland.

title: Georgian_architecture

title: Georgian_architecture

text: The

text: period

text: saw

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: a

text: distinct

text: and

text: trained

text: architectural

text: profession

text: before

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: the

text: high

text: sounding

text: title

text: architect

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: anyone

text: who

text: could

text: get

text: away

text: with

text: it

text: But

text: most

text: buildings

text: were

text: still

text: designed

text: by

text: builders

text: and

text: landlords

text: together

text: and

text: the

text: wide

text: spread

text: of

text: Georgian

text: architecture

text: and

text: the

text: Georgian

text: styles

text: of

text: design

text: more

text: generally

text: came

text: from

text: dissemination

text: through

text: pattern

text: books

text: and

text: inexpensive

text: suites

text: of

text: engravings

text: This

text: contrasted

text: with

text: earlier

text: styles

text: which

text: were

text: primarily

text: disseminated

text: among

text: craftsmen

text: through

text: the

text: direct

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: apprenticeship

text: system

text: Authors

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: prolific

text: William

text: Halfpenny

text: active

text: received

text: editions

text: in

text: America

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Britain

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: Georgian

text: styles

text: were

text: assimilated

text: into

text: an

text: architectural

text: vernacular

text: that

text: became

text: part

text: and

text: parcel

text: of

text: the

text: training

text: of

text: every

text: architect

text: designer

text: builder

text: carpenter

text: mason

text: and

text: plasterer

text: from

text: Edinburgh

text: to

text: Maryland

question: What high sounding title was adopted by anyone who could get away with it?

answer: architect

text: architect

question: How did most Georgian design styles disseminate?

answer: pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings

text: pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings

question: How did styles disseminate before Georgian architecture?

answer: the apprenticeship system

text: the apprenticeship system

question: Which American author received editions of Georgian architecture?

answer: William Halfpenny

text: William Halfpenny

question: What years were William Halfpenny active?

answer: 1723–1755

question: What high sounding title was reserved for professionals before the mid-century??

text: architect

question: After what time did anybody you could get away with using the title architect do so?

text: mid-century

question: What did landowners still design?

text: buildings

question: What style of architecture disseminated through the new professional architecture?

text: Georgian styles

question: From what century on the architect's and craftsmen stop learning the Georgian style?

text: mid-18th century


text: Hanover's leading cabaret-stage is the GOP Variety theatre which is located in the Georgs Palace. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Variety Marlene, the Uhu-Theatre. the theatre Die Hinterbühne, the Rampenlich Variety and the revue-stage TAK. The most important Cabaret-Event is the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten (Little Festival in the Great Garden) which is the most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany. It features artists from around the world. Some other important events are the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks, the Hanover Cabaret Festival and the Wintervariety.

title: Hanover

title: Hanover

text: Hanover

text: 's

text: leading

text: cabaret

text: stage

text: is

text: the

text: GOP

text: Variety

text: theatre

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Georgs

text: Palace

text: Some

text: other

text: famous

text: cabaret

text: stages

text: are

text: the

text: Variety

text: Marlene

text: the

text: Uhu

text: Theatre

text: the

text: theatre

text: Die

text: Hinterbühne

text: the

text: Rampenlich

text: Variety

text: and

text: the

text: revue

text: stage

text: TAK

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: Cabaret

text: Event

text: is

text: the

text: Kleines

text: Fest

text: i

text: m

text: Großen

text: Garten

text: Little

text: Festival

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Garden

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: Cabaret

text: Festival

text: in

text: Germany

text: It

text: features

text: artists

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Some

text: other

text: important

text: events

text: are

text: the

text: Calenberger

text: Cabaret

text: Weeks

text: the

text: Hanover

text: Cabaret

text: Festival

text: and

text: the

text: Wintervariety

question: What famous theatre is located in Georgs Palace?

answer: GOP Variety theatre

text: GOP Variety theatre

question: What is the most important Cabaret-Event?

answer: Kleines Fest im Großen Garten

text: Kleines Fest im Großen Garten

question: What is a notable achievement about the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten?

answer: most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany

text: most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany

question: Where do artists who feature in the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten come from?

answer: around the world

text: around the world

question: What is another important event other than the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks or the Hanover Cabaret Festival?

answer: Wintervariety

text: Wintervariety

question: What is Germany's leading cabaret stage?

text: the GOP Variety theatre

question: Artist and what Festival are from all over Germany?

question: What other events usually take place after the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks

question: What are some of the less well-known cabaret stages?

text: the Variety Marlene, the Uhu-Theatre

question: What is one of the most unusual cabaret events?


text: Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Herbert Baker, are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: Soon

text: Lutyens

text: started

text: considering

text: other

text: places

text: Indeed

text: the

text: Delhi

text: Town

text: Planning

text: Committee

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: plan

text: the

text: new

text: imperial

text: capital

text: with

text: George

text: Swinton

text: as

text: chairman

text: and

text: John

text: A.

text: Brodie

text: and

text: Lutyens

text: as

text: members

text: submitted

text: reports

text: for

text: both

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: sites

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: when

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: acquiring

text: the

text: necessary

text: properties

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: too

text: high

text: The

text: central

text: axis

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: which

text: today

text: faces

text: east

text: at

text: India

text: Gate

text: was

text: previously

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: north

text: south

text: axis

text: linking

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: 's

text: House

text: at

text: one

text: end

text: with

text: Paharganj

text: at

text: the

text: other

text: During

text: the

text: project

text: 's

text: early

text: years

text: many

text: tourists

text: believed

text: it

text: was

text: a

text: gate

text: from

text: Earth

text: to

text: Heaven

text: itself

text: Eventually

text: owing

text: to

text: space

text: constraints

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: heritage

text: sites

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: side

text: the

text: committee

text: settled

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: site

text: A

text: site

text: atop

text: the

text: Raisina

text: Hill

text: formerly

text: Raisina

text: Village

text: a

text: Meo

text: village

text: was

text: chosen

text: for

text: the

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhawan

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Viceroy

text: 's

text: House

text: The

text: reason

text: for

text: this

text: choice

text: was

text: that

text: the

text: hill

text: lay

text: directly

text: opposite

text: the

text: Dinapanah

text: citadel

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: considered

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Indraprastha

text: the

text: ancient

text: region

text: of

text: Delhi

text: Subsequently

text: the

text: foundation

text: stone

text: was

text: shifted

text: from

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Delhi

text: Durbar

text: of

text: where

text: the

text: Coronation

text: Pillar

text: stood

text: and

text: embedded

text: in

text: the

text: walls

text: of

text: the

text: forecourt

text: of

text: the

text: Secretariat

text: The

text: Rajpath

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: King

text: 's

text: Way

text: stretched

text: from

text: the

text: India

text: Gate

text: to

text: the

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhawan

text: The

text: Secretariat

text: building

text: the

text: two

text: blocks

text: of

text: which

text: flank

text: the

text: Rashtrapati

text: Bhawan

text: and

text: houses

text: ministries

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: Parliament

text: House

text: both

text: designed

text: by

text: Herbert

text: Baker

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Sansad

text: Marg

text: and

text: run

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: Rajpath

question: Who rejected the proposals of Brodie and Lutyens?

answer: the Viceroy

text: the Viceroy

question: Which site was eventually chosen by the Delhi Town Planning Committee?

answer: the South site

text: the South site

question: Raisina Hill lay directly opposite what religious site?

answer: Dinapanah citadel

text: Dinapanah citadel

question: The Rajpath was also known by what name?

answer: King's Way

text: King's Way

question: Who designed the Parliament House of New Delhi?

answer: Herbert Baker

text: Herbert Baker


text: In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed] On 8 January 2008, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon declared that the Central African Republic was eligible to receive assistance from the Peacebuilding Fund. Three priority areas were identified: first, the reform of the security sector; second, the promotion of good governance and the rule of law; and third, the revitalization of communities affected by conflicts. On 12 June 2008, the Central African Republic requested assistance from the UN Peacebuilding Commission, which was set up in 2005 to help countries emerging from conflict avoid devolving back into war or chaos.

title: Central_African_Republic

title: Central_African_Republic

text: In

text: due

text: to

text: ongoing

text: violence

text: over

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: northwest

text: were

text: at

text: risk

text: of

text: starvation

text: but

text: this

text: was

text: averted

text: due

text: to

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Nations.[citation

text: needed

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: UN

text: Secretary

text: General

text: Ban

text: Ki

text: Moon

text: declared

text: that

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: was

text: eligible

text: to

text: receive

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: Peacebuilding

text: Fund

text: Three

text: priority

text: areas

text: were

text: identified

text: first

text: the

text: reform

text: of

text: the

text: security

text: sector

text: second

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: good

text: governance

text: and

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: third

text: the

text: revitalization

text: of

text: communities

text: affected

text: by

text: conflicts

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: requested

text: assistance

text: from

text: the

text: UN

text: Peacebuilding

text: Commission

text: which

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: to

text: help

text: countries

text: emerging

text: from

text: conflict

text: avoid

text: devolving

text: back

text: into

text: war

text: or

text: chaos

question: Due to fighting, what threatened people in the NorthWest?

answer: risk of starvation

text: risk of starvation

question: Who assisted in saving the people from starvation?

answer: United Nations

text: United Nations

question: Who headed the UN effort to rebuild CAR?

answer: Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon

text: Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon

question: When did CAR request assistance directly to prevent war?

answer: 12 June 2008

text: 12 June 2008

question: Who assisted CAR in avoiding war?

answer: UN Peacebuilding Commission

text: UN Peacebuilding Commission

question: In what year did Ban Ki-Moon request assistance from the UN?

text: On 12 June 2008

question: In what year was the Central African Republic created?

question: For what purpose was the UN created in 2005?

question: What did the UN Peacebuliding Commission decide on Jan 8, 2008?

question: How many people were saved from conflict?

text: over 50,000


text: The expression of genes encoded in DNA begins by transcribing the gene into RNA, a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA, but whose monomers contain the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA also contains the base uracil in place of thymine. RNA molecules are less stable than DNA and are typically single-stranded. Genes that encode proteins are composed of a series of three-nucleotide sequences called codons, which serve as the "words" in the genetic "language". The genetic code specifies the correspondence during protein translation between codons and amino acids. The genetic code is nearly the same for all known organisms.:4.1

title: Gene

title: Gene

text: The

text: expression

text: of

text: genes

text: encoded

text: in

text: DNA

text: begins

text: by

text: transcribing

text: the

text: gene

text: into

text: RNA

text: a

text: second

text: type

text: of

text: nucleic

text: acid

text: that

text: is

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: DNA

text: but

text: whose

text: monomers

text: contain

text: the

text: sugar

text: ribose

text: rather

text: than

text: deoxyribose

text: RNA

text: also

text: contains

text: the

text: base

text: uracil

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: thymine

text: RNA

text: molecules

text: are

text: less

text: stable

text: than

text: DNA

text: and

text: are

text: typically

text: single

text: stranded

text: Genes

text: that

text: encode

text: proteins

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: three

text: nucleotide

text: sequences

text: called

text: codons

text: which

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: words

text: in

text: the

text: genetic

text: language

text: The

text: genetic

text: code

text: specifies

text: the

text: correspondence

text: during

text: protein

text: translation

text: between

text: codons

text: and

text: amino

text: acids

text: The

text: genetic

text: code

text: is

text: nearly

text: the

text: same

text: for

text: all

text: known

question: How does the expression of genes encoded in DNA begin?

answer: by transcribing the gene into RNA

text: by transcribing the gene into RNA

question: What is RNA?

answer: a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA

text: a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA

question: What base does RNA have in place of thymine?

answer: the base uracil

text: the base uracil

question: What are codons?

answer: a series of three-nucleotide sequences

text: a series of three-nucleotide sequences

question: What specifies the correspondence between codons and amino acids during protein translation?

answer: The genetic code

text: The genetic code


text: If a tree grows all its life in the open and the conditions of soil and site remain unchanged, it will make its most rapid growth in youth, and gradually decline. The annual rings of growth are for many years quite wide, but later they become narrower and narrower. Since each succeeding ring is laid down on the outside of the wood previously formed, it follows that unless a tree materially increases its production of wood from year to year, the rings must necessarily become thinner as the trunk gets wider. As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings. In the case of forest-grown trees so much depends upon the competition of the trees in their struggle for light and nourishment that periods of rapid and slow growth may alternate. Some trees, such as southern oaks, maintain the same width of ring for hundreds of years. Upon the whole, however, as a tree gets larger in diameter the width of the growth rings decreases.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: If

text: a

text: tree

text: grows

text: all

text: its

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: open

text: and

text: the

text: conditions

text: of

text: soil

text: and

text: site

text: remain

text: unchanged

text: it

text: will

text: make

text: its

text: most

text: rapid

text: growth

text: in

text: youth

text: and

text: gradually

text: decline

text: The

text: annual

text: rings

text: of

text: growth

text: are

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: quite

text: wide

text: but

text: later

text: they

text: become

text: narrower

text: and

text: narrower

text: Since

text: each

text: succeeding

text: ring

text: is

text: laid

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: wood

text: previously

text: formed

text: it

text: follows

text: that

text: unless

text: a

text: tree

text: materially

text: increases

text: its

text: production

text: of

text: wood

text: from

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: the

text: rings

text: must

text: necessarily

text: become

text: thinner

text: as

text: the

text: trunk

text: gets

text: wider

text: As

text: a

text: tree

text: reaches

text: maturity

text: its

text: crown

text: becomes

text: more

text: open

text: and

text: the

text: annual

text: wood

text: production

text: is

text: lessened

text: thereby

text: reducing

text: still

text: more

text: the

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: growth

text: rings

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: forest

text: grown

text: trees

text: so

text: much

text: depends

text: upon

text: the

text: competition

text: of

text: the

text: trees

text: in

text: their

text: struggle

text: for

text: light

text: and

text: nourishment

text: that

text: periods

text: of

text: rapid

text: and

text: slow

text: growth

text: may

text: alternate

text: Some

text: trees

text: such

text: as

text: southern

text: oaks

text: maintain

text: the

text: same

text: width

text: of

text: ring

text: for

text: hundreds

text: of

text: years

text: Upon

text: the

text: whole

text: however

text: as

text: a

text: tree

text: gets

text: larger

text: in

text: diameter

text: the

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: growth

text: rings

text: decreases

question: In what stage of its life does a tree usually grow the fastest?

answer: youth

text: youth

question: As a tree ages, do its growth rings usually get wider or narrower?

answer: narrower

text: narrower

question: What part of a tree opens and spreads out more as it matures?

answer: crown

text: crown

question: Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages?

answer: lessened

text: lessened

question: Along with nutrients, what do trees growing in forests have to compete for?

answer: light

text: light


text: An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services. AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly have paid billions of dollars in federal settlements over allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses. Some prominent medical schools have since tightened rules on faculty acceptance of such payments by drug companies.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: An

text: investigation

text: by

text: ProPublica

text: found

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: doctors

text: have

text: been

text: paid

text: more

text: than

text: for

text: speeches

text: and

text: consulting

text: by

text: drugs

text: manufacturers

text: since

text: with

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: earners

text: working

text: in

text: psychiatry

text: and

text: about

text: billion

text: in

text: total

text: paid

text: to

text: doctors

text: for

text: such

text: services

text: AstraZeneca

text: Johnson

text: Johnson

text: and

text: Eli

text: Lilly

text: have

text: paid

text: billions

text: of

text: dollars

text: in

text: federal

text: settlements

text: over

text: allegations

text: that

text: they

text: paid

text: doctors

text: to

text: promote

text: drugs

text: for

text: unapproved

text: uses

text: Some

text: prominent

text: medical

text: schools

text: have

text: since

text: tightened

text: rules

text: on

text: faculty

text: acceptance

text: of

text: such

text: payments

text: by

text: drug

text: companies

question: Who conduced an investigation on doctors?

answer: ProPublica

text: ProPublica

question: Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies?

answer: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly

text: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly

question: How much was discovered to have been paid to doctors by drug companies?

answer: more than $500,000

text: more than $500,000

question: What was the reason these companies have to pay fines?

answer: allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses

text: allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses

question: How many doctors have been paid by varies companies?

answer: at least 21

text: at least 21

question: A ProPublica study found that some doctors were being paid how much money for speeches?

answer: more than $500,000

text: more than $500,000

question: Half of the top earners were mostly in what field?

answer: psychiatry

text: psychiatry

question: Drug manufacturers paid off doctors a total of how much money?

answer: $2 billion

text: $2 billion

question: Who conducted an investigation on drugs?

text: ProPublica

question: Billions of drugs have been paid why which companies?

question: How much was discovered to have been paid to drug companies by doctors?

question: What was the reason these doctors have to pay fines?

question: How many companies have been paid by various doctors?

text: at least 21 doctors


text: Sarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents of Yogacara asserted that the mind and only the mind is ultimately real (a doctrine known as cittamatra). Not all Yogacarins asserted that mind was truly existent; Vasubandhu and Asanga in particular did not.[web 11] These two schools of thought, in opposition or synthesis, form the basis of subsequent Mahayana metaphysics in the Indo-Tibetan tradition.

title: Buddhism

title: Buddhism

text: Sarvastivada

text: teachings

text: which

text: were

text: criticized

text: by

text: Nāgārjuna

text: were

text: reformulated

text: by

text: scholars

text: such

text: as

text: Vasubandhu

text: and

text: Asanga

text: and

text: were

text: adapted

text: into

text: the

text: Yogacara

text: school

text: While

text: the

text: Mādhyamaka

text: school

text: held

text: that

text: asserting

text: the

text: existence

text: or

text: non

text: existence

text: of

text: any

text: ultimately

text: real

text: thing

text: was

text: inappropriate

text: some

text: exponents

text: of

text: Yogacara

text: asserted

text: that

text: the

text: mind

text: and

text: only

text: the

text: mind

text: is

text: ultimately

text: real

text: a

text: doctrine

text: known

text: as

text: cittamatra

text: Not

text: all

text: Yogacarins

text: asserted

text: that

text: mind

text: was

text: truly

text: existent

text: Vasubandhu

text: and

text: Asanga

text: in

text: particular

text: did

text: not.[web

text: These

text: two

text: schools

text: of

text: thought

text: in

text: opposition

text: or

text: synthesis

text: form

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: subsequent

text: Mahayana

text: metaphysics

text: in

text: the

text: Indo

text: Tibetan

text: tradition

question: What teaching were criticized by Nagarjuna?

answer: Sarvastivada teachings

text: Sarvastivada teachings

question: What scholars reformed Sarvastivada teachings?

answer: Vasubandhu and Asanga

text: Vasubandhu and Asanga

question: What is the doctrine that says that the mind and only the mind are real?

answer: cittamatra

text: cittamatra

question: What Yogacarins asserted that the mind was not truly existent?

answer: Vasubandhu and Asanga

text: Vasubandhu and Asanga


text: The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. As of 2010[update] the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dollars. Of every three Detroit residents, one lives in poverty. Luke Bergmann, author of Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City, said in 2010, "Detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country."

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: The

text: loss

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: working

text: class

text: jobs

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: high

text: rates

text: of

text: poverty

text: and

text: associated

text: problems

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: estimated

text: median

text: household

text: income

text: fell

text: from

text: to

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: mean

text: income

text: of

text: Detroit

text: is

text: below

text: the

text: overall

text: U.S.

text: average

text: by

text: several

text: thousand

text: dollars

text: Of

text: every

text: three

text: Detroit

text: residents

text: one

text: lives

text: in

text: poverty

text: Luke

text: Bergmann

text: author

text: of

text: Getting

text: Ghost

text: Two

text: Young

text: Lives

text: and

text: the

text: Struggle

text: for

text: the

text: Soul

text: of

text: an

text: American

text: City

text: said

text: in

text: Detroit

text: is

text: now

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: poorest

text: big

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: country

question: What was the median household income in 2009?

answer: $26,098

question: What was the median household income in 2000?

answer: $29,526

question: How many residents of Detroit in three live in poverty?

answer: one

text: one

question: Who said that Detroit is one of the poorest big cities in the country?

answer: Luke Bergmann

text: Luke Bergmann


text: The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and the Indus Valley Civilization in Ancient India (modern-day Pakistan and some parts of India). Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: The

text: fiber

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: spun

text: into

text: yarn

text: or

text: thread

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: soft

text: breathable

text: textile

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: cotton

text: for

text: fabric

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: date

text: to

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: fragments

text: of

text: cotton

text: fabric

text: dated

text: from

text: BC

text: have

text: been

text: excavated

text: in

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Indus

text: Valley

text: Civilization

text: in

text: Ancient

text: India

text: modern

text: day

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: Although

text: cultivated

text: since

text: antiquity

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: cotton

text: gin

text: that

text: lowered

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: production

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: its

text: widespread

text: use

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: natural

text: fiber

text: cloth

text: in

text: clothing

text: today

question: What is the most frequent use of cotton?

answer: fabric

text: fabric

question: To what date has cotton been dated?

answer: 5000 BC

text: 5000 BC

question: Where in India has cotton been found from prehistoric times?

answer: Indus Valley

text: Indus Valley

question: In what Central American country has cotton use been found from early times?

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

question: What machinery has lead to the  easily made and widespread use of cotton?

answer: cotton gin

text: cotton gin

question: What is the most frequent use of cloth?

text: fabric

question: To what date has the cotton gin been dated?

text: 5000 BC

question: Where in India has the cotton gin been found from prehistoric times?

text: Indus Valley

question: In what Central American country has cotton gin use been found from early times?

text: Mexico

question: What textile has lead to the easily and widespread use of cotton?

text: cotton gin


text: The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: The

text: third

text: generation

text: began

text: including

text: a

text: dock

text: connector

text: allowing

text: for

text: FireWire

text: or

text: USB

text: connectivity

text: This

text: provided

text: better

text: compatibility

text: with

text: non

text: Apple

text: machines

text: as

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: FireWire

text: ports

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Eventually

text: Apple

text: began

text: shipping

text: iPods

text: with

text: USB

text: cables

text: instead

text: of

text: FireWire

text: although

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: available

text: separately

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nano

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Classic

text: Apple

text: discontinued

text: using

text: FireWire

text: for

text: data

text: transfer

text: while

text: still

text: allowing

text: for

text: use

text: of

text: FireWire

text: to

text: charge

text: the

text: device

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: reduce

text: cost

text: and

text: form

text: factor

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Touch

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nano

text: FireWire

text: charging

text: ability

text: has

text: been

text: removed

text: The

text: second-

text: third-

text: and

text: fourth

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Shuffle

text: uses

text: a

text: single

text: mm

text: minijack

text: phone

text: connector

text: which

text: acts

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: headphone

text: jack

text: and

text: a

text: data

text: port

text: for

text: the

text: dock

question: In which generation did iPod start providing compatibility with USB?

answer: third generation

text: third generation

question: What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device?

answer: 30-pin dock connector

text: 30-pin dock connector

question: Which generation of iPod Classic was the first to abandon use of FireWire in transferring files?

answer: fifth

text: fifth

question: Starting with which generation of iPod Nano was FireWire charging functionality no longer available?

answer: fourth

text: fourth

question: What kind of connection is provided on the iPod Shuffle for both audio output and file transfer?

answer: 3.5 mm minijack

text: 3.5 mm minijack

question: Which generation iPod was the first to include the 30-pin dock connector?

answer: third generation

text: third generation

question: Which model of iPod combined the headphone jack and data port?

answer: Shuffle

text: Shuffle

question: What interface was gradually phased out for both charging and data transfer?

answer: FireWire

text: FireWire

question: What interface replaced FireWire in later iterations of the iPod?

answer: USB

text: USB


text: The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II.

title: Marshall_Islands

title: Marshall_Islands

text: The

text: Japanese

text: enlarged

text: administration

text: and

text: appointed

text: local

text: leaders

text: which

text: weakened

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: local

text: traditional

text: leaders

text: Japan

text: also

text: tried

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: social

text: organization

text: in

text: the

text: islands

text: from

text: Matrilineality

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Patriarchal

text: system

text: but

text: with

text: no

text: success

text: Moreover

text: during

text: the

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: all

text: land

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: high

text: water

text: level

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: On

text: the

text: archipelago

text: before

text: it

text: banned

text: foreign

text: traders

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Protestant

text: missionaries

text: were

text: allowed

text: Indigenous

text: people

text: were

text: educated

text: in

text: Japanese

text: schools

text: and

text: studied

text: Japanese

text: language

text: and

text: Japanese

text: culture

text: This

text: policy

text: was

text: the

text: government

text: strategy

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: but

text: on

text: all

text: the

text: other

text: mandated

text: territories

text: in

text: Micronesia

text: On

text: March

text: Japan

text: handed

text: in

text: its

text: notice

text: at

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: but

text: continued

text: to

text: manage

text: the

text: islands

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: began

text: building

text: air

text: bases

text: on

text: several

text: atolls

text: The

text: Marshall

text: Islands

text: were

text: in

text: an

text: important

text: geographical

text: position

text: being

text: the

text: easternmost

text: point

text: in

text: Japan

text: 's

text: defensive

text: ring

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

question: What was the traditional social organization of the Marshall Islanders?

answer: Matrilineality

text: Matrilineality

question: What system of social organization was used in Japan?

answer: the Japanese Patriarchal system

text: the Japanese Patriarchal system

question: On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations?

answer: March 27, 1933

text: March 27, 1933

question: What language were Marshall Islanders taught in schools while under Japanese colonial administration?

answer: Japanese

text: Japanese

question: Along with Protestants, missionaries from what denomination were allowed to operate in the Marshalls?

answer: Catholic

text: Catholic


text: Balansiyya had a rebirth of sorts with the beginning of the Taifa of Valencia kingdom in the 11th century. The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today. The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El Cid, who was intent on possessing his own principality on the Mediterranean, entered the province in command of a combined Christian and Moorish army and besieged the city beginning in 1092. By the time the siege ended in May 1094, he had carved out his own fiefdom—which he ruled from 15 June 1094 to July 1099. This victory was immortalised in the Lay of the Cid. During his rule, he converted nine mosques into churches and installed the French monk Jérôme as bishop of the See of Valencia. El Cid was killed in July 1099 while defending the city from an Almoravid siege, whereupon his wife Ximena Díaz ruled in his place for two years.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Balansiyya

text: had

text: a

text: rebirth

text: of

text: sorts

text: with

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Taifa

text: of

text: Valencia

text: kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: town

text: grew

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Abd

text: al

text: Aziz

text: a

text: new

text: city

text: wall

text: was

text: built

text: remains

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: preserved

text: throughout

text: the

text: Old

text: City

text: Ciutat

text: Vella

text: today

text: The

text: Castilian

text: nobleman

text: Rodrigo

text: Diaz

text: de

text: Vivar

text: known

text: as

text: El

text: Cid

text: who

text: was

text: intent

text: on

text: possessing

text: his

text: own

text: principality

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: entered

text: the

text: province

text: in

text: command

text: of

text: a

text: combined

text: Christian

text: and

text: Moorish

text: army

text: and

text: besieged

text: the

text: city

text: beginning

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: siege

text: ended

text: in

text: May

text: he

text: had

text: carved

text: out

text: his

text: own

text: fiefdom

text: which

text: he

text: ruled

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: July

text: This

text: victory

text: was

text: immortalised

text: in

text: the

text: Lay

text: of

text: the

text: Cid

text: During

text: his

text: rule

text: he

text: converted

text: nine

text: mosques

text: into

text: churches

text: and

text: installed

text: the

text: French

text: monk

text: Jérôme

text: as

text: bishop

text: of

text: the

text: See

text: of

text: Valencia

text: El

text: Cid

text: was

text: killed

text: in

text: July

text: while

text: defending

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: an

text: Almoravid

text: siege

text: whereupon

text: his

text: wife

text: Ximena

text: Díaz

text: ruled

text: in

text: his

text: place

text: for

text: two

text: years

question: What was El Cid's real name?

answer: Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar

text: Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar

question: When did El Cid die?

answer: July 1099

text: July 1099

question: Who took El Cid's position after his death?

answer: Ximena Díaz

text: Ximena Díaz

question: When did El Cid rule?

answer: 15 June 1094 to July 1099

text: 15 June 1094 to July 1099

question: Who was the ruler when the new city wall was constructed?

answer: Abd al-Aziz

text: Abd al-Aziz


text: Numerous recordings of Chopin's works are available. On the occasion of the composer's bicentenary, the critics of The New York Times recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists (among many others): Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini and Krystian Zimerman. The Warsaw Chopin Society organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings, held every five years.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Numerous

text: recordings

text: of

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: works

text: are

text: available

text: On

text: the

text: occasion

text: of

text: the

text: composer

text: 's

text: bicentenary

text: the

text: critics

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: recommended

text: performances

text: by

text: the

text: following

text: contemporary

text: pianists

text: among

text: many

text: others

text: Martha

text: Argerich

text: Vladimir

text: Ashkenazy

text: Emanuel

text: Ax

text: Evgeny

text: Kissin

text: Murray

text: Perahia

text: Maurizio

text: Pollini

text: and

text: Krystian

text: Zimerman

text: The

text: Warsaw

text: Chopin

text: Society

text: organizes

text: the

text: Grand

text: prix

text: du

text: disque

text: de

text: F.

text: Chopin

text: for

text: notable

text: Chopin

text: recordings

text: held

text: every

text: five

text: years

question: The Warsaw Chopin Society holds the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin how often?

answer: every five years.

text: every five years.

question: What is the name of the event that The Warsaw Chopin Society holds?

answer: Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin

text: Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin

question: On Chopin's 200th anniversary critics of what publication made recommendations on recordings of Chopin's work?

answer: The New York Times

text: The New York Times

question: Who organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings?

answer: The Warsaw Chopin Society

text: The Warsaw Chopin Society

question: How often is the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings held?

answer: every five years.

text: every five years.

question: Upon Chopin's bicentenary, who recommended a list of who should perform Chopin?

answer: The New York Times

text: The New York Times


text: The French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of Sedan, led naval officers to be sent from their ships to command hastily assembled reservists of the Garde Mobile. As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September 1870 the French navy abandoned the blockade for the winter. The rest of the navy retired to ports along the English Channel and remained in port for the rest of the war.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: The

text: French

text: Marines

text: and

text: naval

text: infantry

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: northern

text: Germany

text: were

text: dispatched

text: to

text: reinforce

text: the

text: French

text: Army

text: of

text: Châlons

text: and

text: fell

text: into

text: captivity

text: at

text: Sedan

text: along

text: with

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: A

text: shortage

text: of

text: officers

text: following

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: professional

text: French

text: army

text: at

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Metz

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sedan

text: led

text: naval

text: officers

text: to

text: be

text: sent

text: from

text: their

text: ships

text: to

text: command

text: hastily

text: assembled

text: reservists

text: of

text: the

text: Garde

text: Mobile

text: As

text: the

text: autumn

text: storms

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: forced

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: ships

text: the

text: blockade

text: of

text: the

text: north

text: German

text: ports

text: diminished

text: and

text: in

text: September

text: the

text: French

text: navy

text: abandoned

text: the

text: blockade

text: for

text: the

text: winter

text: The

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: navy

text: retired

text: to

text: ports

text: along

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: remained

text: in

text: port

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: war

question: The French Marines and naval infantry were dispatched to reinforce what?

answer: French Army of Châlons

text: French Army of Châlons

question: The French navy fell captive where?

answer: at Sedan

text: at Sedan

question: Who also was captured at Sedan?

answer: Napoleon III

text: Napoleon III

question: The autumn storms of what sea forced the return of yet more French ships?

answer: the North Sea

text: the North Sea

question: On which rough date did the French navy abandon their blockade?

answer: September 1870

text: September 1870


text: Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods have widely differing properties, ranging from the hard and dense african blackwood (used for the bodies of clarinets) to the light but resonant European spruce (Picea abies), which is traditionally used for the soundboards of violins. The most valuable tonewoods, such as the ripple sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), used for the backs of violins, combine acoustic properties with decorative color and grain which enhance the appearance of the finished instrument.

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Certain

text: types

text: of

text: musical

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: violin

text: family

text: the

text: guitar

text: the

text: clarinet

text: and

text: recorder

text: the

text: xylophone

text: and

text: the

text: marimba

text: are

text: traditionally

text: made

text: mostly

text: or

text: entirely

text: of

text: wood

text: The

text: choice

text: of

text: wood

text: may

text: make

text: a

text: significant

text: difference

text: to

text: the

text: tone

text: and

text: resonant

text: qualities

text: of

text: the

text: instrument

text: and

text: tonewoods

text: have

text: widely

text: differing

text: properties

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: hard

text: and

text: dense

text: african

text: blackwood

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: clarinets

text: to

text: the

text: light

text: but

text: resonant

text: European

text: spruce

text: Picea

text: abies

text: which

text: is

text: traditionally

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: soundboards

text: of

text: violins

text: The

text: most

text: valuable

text: tonewoods

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ripple

text: sycamore

text: Acer

text: pseudoplatanus

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: backs

text: of

text: violins

text: combine

text: acoustic

text: properties

text: with

text: decorative

text: color

text: and

text: grain

text: which

text: enhance

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: finished

text: instrument

question: What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from?

answer: african blackwood

text: african blackwood

question: What expensive wood with a prized color is used to make the backs of violins?

answer: ripple sycamore

text: ripple sycamore

question: What category of wood is often used for musical instruments?

answer: tonewoods

text: tonewoods

question: What's the common name for Picea abies?

answer: European spruce

text: European spruce

question: Along with resonance, what property of an instrument will be affected by the wood used to make it?

answer: tone

text: tone


text: By 1874, Bell's initial work on the harmonic telegraph had entered a formative stage, with progress made both at his new Boston "laboratory" (a rented facility) and at his family home in Canada a big success.[N 14] While working that summer in Brantford, Bell experimented with a "phonautograph", a pen-like machine that could draw shapes of sound waves on smoked glass by tracing their vibrations. Bell thought it might be possible to generate undulating electrical currents that corresponded to sound waves. Bell also thought that multiple metal reeds tuned to different frequencies like a harp would be able to convert the undulating currents back into sound. But he had no working model to demonstrate the feasibility of these ideas.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: By

text: Bell

text: 's

text: initial

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: harmonic

text: telegraph

text: had

text: entered

text: a

text: formative

text: stage

text: with

text: progress

text: made

text: both

text: at

text: his

text: new

text: Boston

text: laboratory

text: a

text: rented

text: facility

text: and

text: at

text: his

text: family

text: home

text: in

text: Canada

text: a

text: big

text: success.[N

text: While

text: working

text: that

text: summer

text: in

text: Brantford

text: Bell

text: experimented

text: with

text: a

text: phonautograph

text: a

text: pen

text: like

text: machine

text: that

text: could

text: draw

text: shapes

text: of

text: sound

text: waves

text: on

text: smoked

text: glass

text: by

text: tracing

text: their

text: vibrations

text: Bell

text: thought

text: it

text: might

text: be

text: possible

text: to

text: generate

text: undulating

text: electrical

text: currents

text: that

text: corresponded

text: to

text: sound

text: waves

text: Bell

text: also

text: thought

text: that

text: multiple

text: metal

text: reeds

text: tuned

text: to

text: different

text: frequencies

text: like

text: a

text: harp

text: would

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: convert

text: the

text: undulating

text: currents

text: back

text: into

text: sound

text: But

text: he

text: had

text: no

text: working

text: model

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: feasibility

text: of

text: these

text: ideas

question: On what material did the phonautograph operate?

answer: smoked glass

text: smoked glass

question: What kind of reed did Bell want to play with?

answer: metal

text: metal

question: What did Bell believe the reeds would turn the signal into?

answer: sound

text: sound

question: What instrument is a phonautograph similar to?

answer: pen

text: pen

question: In what year was Bell really working on his telegraph?

answer: 1874