text: Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: expanded

text: gradually

text: establishing

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Medicine

text: Yale

text: Divinity

text: School

text: Yale

text: Law

text: School

text: Yale

text: Graduate

text: School

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: the

text: Sheffield

text: Scientific

text: School

text: and

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: In

text: as

text: the

text: college

text: continued

text: to

text: grow

text: under

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: Timothy

text: Dwight

text: V

text: Yale

text: College

text: was

text: renamed

text: Yale

text: University

text: The

text: university

text: would

text: later

text: add

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Music

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Forestry

text: Environmental

text: Studies

text: founded

text: by

text: Gifford

text: Pinchot

text: in

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Public

text: Health

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Nursing

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Drama

text: the

text: Yale

text: Physician

text: Associate

text: Program

text: and

text: the

text: Yale

text: School

text: of

text: Management

text: It

text: would

text: also

text: reorganize

text: its

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Sheffield

text: Scientific

text: School

question: When was the Yale School of Medicine established?

answer: 1810

question: When was Yale Divinity School established?

answer: 1822

question: When was Yale Law School created?

answer: 1843

question: When was Yale Graduate Schools and Arts and Sciences established?

answer: (1847

question: When was the Sheffield Scientific School created?

answer: 1847

question: When was the Yale School of Medicine closed?

question: When was Yale Divinity School closed?

question: When was Yale Law School closed?

question: When was Yale Graduate Schools and Arts and Sciences closed?

question: When was the Sheffield Scientific School closed?


text: During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: During

text: the

text: celebration

text: theaters

text: called

text: tablados

text: are

text: built

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: throughout

text: the

text: cities

text: especially

text: in

text: Montevideo

text: Traditionally

text: formed

text: by

text: men

text: and

text: now

text: starting

text: to

text: be

text: open

text: to

text: women

text: the

text: different

text: Carnival

text: groups

text: Murgas

text: Lubolos

text: or

text: Parodistas

text: perform

text: a

text: kind

text: of

text: popular

text: opera

text: at

text: the

text: tablados

text: singing

text: and

text: dancing

text: songs

text: that

text: generally

text: relate

text: to

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: situation

text: The

text: Calls

text: groups

text: basically

text: formed

text: by

text: drummers

text: playing

text: the

text: tamboril

text: perform

text: candombe

text: rhythmic

text: figures

text: Revelers

text: wear

text: their

text: festival

text: clothing

text: Each

text: group

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: theme

text: Women

text: wearing

text: elegant

text: bright

text: dresses

text: are

text: called

text: vedettes

text: and

text: provide

text: a

text: sensual

text: touch

text: to

text: parades

question: What are built in many places through the cities?

answer: tablados

text: tablados

question: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?

answer: opera

text: opera

question: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?

answer: the social and political situation

text: the social and political situation

question: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?

answer: candombe

text: candombe

question: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?

answer: sensual

text: sensual


text: The capital of Danish Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) was Reval (Tallinn), founded at the place of Lyndanisse after the invasion of 1219. The Danes built the fortress of Castrum Danorum at Toompea Hill. Estonians still call their capital "Tallinn", which according to legend derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle). Reval was granted Lübeck city rights (1248) and joined the Hanseatic League. Even today, Danish influence can be seen in heraldic symbols. The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms.

title: Estonia

title: Estonia

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Danish

text: Estonia

text: Danish

text: Hertugdømmet

text: Estland

text: was

text: Reval

text: Tallinn

text: founded

text: at

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: Lyndanisse

text: after

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: The

text: Danes

text: built

text: the

text: fortress

text: of

text: Castrum

text: Danorum

text: at

text: Toompea

text: Hill

text: Estonians

text: still

text: call

text: their

text: capital

text: Tallinn

text: which

text: according

text: to

text: legend

text: derives

text: from

text: Taani

text: linna

text: meaning

text: Danish

text: town

text: or

text: castle

text: Reval

text: was

text: granted

text: Lübeck

text: city

text: rights

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Hanseatic

text: League

text: Even

text: today

text: Danish

text: influence

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: heraldic

text: symbols

text: The

text: Danish

text: cross

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: 's

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: and

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: displays

text: three

text: lions

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: Danish

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

question: What was the capital of Danish Estonia?

answer: Reval

text: Reval

question: What event preceded the founding of the capital?

answer: the invasion of 1219

text: the invasion of 1219

question: What structure was built at Toompea Hill?

answer: the fortress of Castrum Danorum

text: the fortress of Castrum Danorum

question: What year was Reval granted with Lübeck city rights?

answer: 1248


text: According to the prevailing theories of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Asia (in particular North Asia) to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two continents across what is now the Bering Strait. The majority of experts agree that the earliest pre-modern human migration via Beringia took place at least 13,500 years ago, with disputed evidence that people had migrated into the Americas much earlier, up to 40,000 years ago. These early Paleo-Indians spread throughout the Americas, diversifying into many hundreds of culturally distinct nations and tribes. According to the oral histories of many of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, they have been living there since their genesis, described by a wide range of creation myths.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: prevailing

text: theories

text: of

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: migrations

text: of

text: humans

text: from

text: Asia

text: in

text: particular

text: North

text: Asia

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: took

text: place

text: via

text: Beringia

text: a

text: land

text: bridge

text: which

text: connected

text: the

text: two

text: continents

text: across

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Bering

text: Strait

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: experts

text: agree

text: that

text: the

text: earliest

text: pre

text: modern

text: human

text: migration

text: via

text: Beringia

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: ago

text: with

text: disputed

text: evidence

text: that

text: people

text: had

text: migrated

text: into

text: the

text: Americas

text: much

text: earlier

text: up

text: to

text: years

text: ago

text: These

text: early

text: Paleo

text: Indians

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: Americas

text: diversifying

text: into

text: many

text: hundreds

text: of

text: culturally

text: distinct

text: nations

text: and

text: tribes

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: oral

text: histories

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: living

text: there

text: since

text: their

text: genesis

text: described

text: by

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: creation

text: myths

question: Where do most theories today attribute the settlement of the Americas as originating from?

answer: Asia

text: Asia

question: How did humans cross over to the Americas from Asia?

answer: Beringia

text: Beringia

question: What was Beringia?

answer: a land bridge which connected the two continents

text: a land bridge which connected the two continents

question: Most experts can at least agree that the earliest pre-modern human migration took place when?

answer: 13,500 years ago

text: 13,500 years ago

question: How do the indigenous peoples explain how they came to live in the Americas?

answer: a wide range of creation myths

text: a wide range of creation myths


text: According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: According

text: to

text: a

text: story

text: that

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: repeated

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: Hurley

text: and

text: Chen

text: developed

text: the

text: idea

text: for

text: YouTube

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: months

text: of

text: after

text: they

text: had

text: experienced

text: difficulty

text: sharing

text: videos

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: shot

text: at

text: a

text: dinner

text: party

text: at

text: Chen

text: 's

text: apartment

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Karim

text: did

text: not

text: attend

text: the

text: party

text: and

text: denied

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: occurred

text: but

text: Chen

text: commented

text: that

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: YouTube

text: was

text: founded

text: after

text: a

text: dinner

text: party

text: was

text: probably

text: very

text: strengthened

text: by

text: marketing

text: ideas

text: around

text: creating

text: a

text: story

text: that

text: was

text: very

text: digestible

question: What are the first names of the men that invented youtube?

answer: Hurley and Chen

text: Hurley and Chen

question: Where did Chen live in 2005?

answer: San Francisco

text: San Francisco

question: When did the creators have the idea for youtube?

answer: the early months of 2005

text: the early months of 2005

question: What was the original stimuli for creating the website?

answer: difficulty sharing videos

text: difficulty sharing videos

question: Where did Chen live in 2007?

text: San Francisco

question: When did the creators have the idea for Google?

question: What wasn't the original reason for creating the website?

text: sharing videos

question: Who sold YouTube?

text: Hurley and Chen

question: When did Chen Hurley develop the idea for YouTube?

text: during the early months of 2005

question: What city did Chen Hurley live in?

text: San Francisco

question: What did Karim Hurley not attend?

text: the party


text: The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.

title: Northwestern_University

title: Northwestern_University

text: The

text: Northwestern

text: library

text: system

text: consists

text: of

text: four

text: libraries

text: on

text: the

text: Evanston

text: campus

text: including

text: the

text: present

text: main

text: library

text: University

text: Library

text: and

text: the

text: original

text: library

text: building

text: Deering

text: Library

text: three

text: libraries

text: on

text: the

text: Chicago

text: campus

text: and

text: the

text: library

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Garrett

text: Evangelical

text: Theological

text: Seminary

text: The

text: University

text: Library

text: contains

text: over

text: million

text: volumes

text: million

text: microforms

text: and

text: almost

text: periodicals

text: making

text: it

text: by

text: volume

text: the

text: largest

text: university

text: library

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: library

text: among

text: private

text: universities

text: Notable

text: collections

text: in

text: the

text: library

text: system

text: include

text: the

text: Melville

text: J.

text: Herskovits

text: Library

text: of

text: African

text: Studies

text: the

text: largest

text: Africana

text: collection

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: an

text: extensive

text: collection

text: of

text: early

text: edition

text: printed

text: music

text: and

text: manuscripts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: late

text: modern

text: works

text: and

text: an

text: art

text: collection

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: and

text: century

text: Western

text: art

text: and

text: architecture

text: periodicals

text: The

text: library

text: system

text: participates

text: with

text: other

text: universities

text: in

text: digitizing

text: its

text: collections

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Google

text: Book

text: Search

text: project

text: The

text: Mary

text: and

text: Leigh

text: Block

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: Chicago

text: containing

text: more

text: than

text: works

text: in

text: its

text: permanent

text: collection

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: dedicating

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: its

text: space

text: to

text: temporary

text: and

text: traveling

text: exhibitions

question: How many libraries are on the Evanston campus?

answer: four

text: four

question: How many volumes does the University Library contain?

answer: over 4.9 million

text: over 4.9 million

question: How does the University Library rank among North American university libraries?

answer: the 30th-largest

text: the 30th-largest

question: What does the Google Book Search project help libraries with?

answer: digitizing its collections

text: digitizing its collections

question: What is the largest African collection in the world that is part of the Northwesern library system?

answer: Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies

text: Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies

question: How many libraries are on the Illinois campus?

text: four

question: How many volumes does the College Library contain?

text: 4.9 million

question: How does the University Library rank among South American university libraries?

question: What does the Amazon Book Search project help libraries with?

text: digitizing its collections

question: What is the largest African collection in the world that is part of the Southwesern library system?


text: There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: major

text: sports

text: centers

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: Wutaishan

text: Sports

text: Center

text: and

text: Nanjing

text: Olympic

text: Sports

text: Center

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: are

text: comprehensive

text: sports

text: centers

text: including

text: stadium

text: gymnasium

text: natatorium

text: tennis

text: court

text: etc

text: Wutaishan

text: Sports

text: Center

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: advanced

text: stadiums

text: in

text: early

text: time

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

question: Which sports center started in 1952?

answer: Wutaishan Sports Center

text: Wutaishan Sports Center

question: How many major sports centers are located in Nanjing?

answer: two

text: two

question: What type of sports centers are Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center considered to be?

answer: comprehensive sports centers

text: comprehensive sports centers

question: What is special about Wutaishan Sports Center, from a historical perspective?

answer: it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.

text: it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.

question: Both Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center contain a stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, and what other facility?

answer: tennis court

text: tennis court


text: Frederick Lynch, the author of Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action, did a study on white males that said they were victims of reverse discrimination. Lynch explains that these white men felt frustrated and unfairly victimized by affirmative action. Shelby Steele, another author against affirmative action, wanted to see affirmative action go back to its original meaning of enforcing equal opportunity. He argued that blacks had to take full responsibility in their education and in maintaining a job. Steele believes that there is still a long way to go in America to reach our goals of eradicating discrimination.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Frederick

text: Lynch

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: Invisible

text: Victims

text: White

text: Males

text: and

text: the

text: Crisis

text: of

text: Affirmative

text: Action

text: did

text: a

text: study

text: on

text: white

text: males

text: that

text: said

text: they

text: were

text: victims

text: of

text: reverse

text: discrimination

text: Lynch

text: explains

text: that

text: these

text: white

text: men

text: felt

text: frustrated

text: and

text: unfairly

text: victimized

text: by

text: affirmative

text: action

text: Shelby

text: Steele

text: another

text: author

text: against

text: affirmative

text: action

text: wanted

text: to

text: see

text: affirmative

text: action

text: go

text: back

text: to

text: its

text: original

text: meaning

text: of

text: enforcing

text: equal

text: opportunity

text: He

text: argued

text: that

text: blacks

text: had

text: to

text: take

text: full

text: responsibility

text: in

text: their

text: education

text: and

text: in

text: maintaining

text: a

text: job

text: Steele

text: believes

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: still

text: a

text: long

text: way

text: to

text: go

text: in

text: America

text: to

text: reach

text: our

text: goals

text: of

text: eradicating

text: discrimination

question: What book did Frederick Lynch author?

answer: Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action

text: Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action

question: What did white males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action?

answer: reverse discrimination

text: reverse discrimination

question: What moral position does Shelby Steele hold?

answer: against affirmative action

text: against affirmative action

question: What does Shelby Steele believe that the true concept of affirmative action is?

answer: enforcing equal opportunity

text: enforcing equal opportunity

question: What book did Frederick Lynch burn?

question: What did black males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action?

text: reverse discrimination

question: What moral position does Shelby Steele disagree with?

text: reverse discrimination

question: What does Shelby Steele believe that the false concept of affirmative action is?

text: enforcing equal opportunity


text: In the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire, ownership of which provided the Ottomans with control over the Nile Valley, the east Mediterranean and North Africa. The benefit of the Ottoman Empire was the freedom of movement for citizens and goods. Trade exploited the Ottoman land routes to handle the spices, gold and silk from the East, manufactures from Europe, and the slave and gold traffic from Africa. Arabic continued as the local language and Islamic culture was much reinforced. The Sahel and southern Sahara regions were home to several independent states or to roaming Tuareg clans.

title: Sahara

title: Sahara

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: northern

text: fringe

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: such

text: as

text: coastal

text: regencies

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Libya

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: semi

text: autonomous

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Egypt

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: From

text: Egypt

text: was

text: a

text: valued

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: ownership

text: of

text: which

text: provided

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: with

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: Nile

text: Valley

text: the

text: east

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: The

text: benefit

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: freedom

text: of

text: movement

text: for

text: citizens

text: and

text: goods

text: Trade

text: exploited

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: land

text: routes

text: to

text: handle

text: the

text: spices

text: gold

text: and

text: silk

text: from

text: the

text: East

text: manufactures

text: from

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: slave

text: and

text: gold

text: traffic

text: from

text: Africa

text: Arabic

text: continued

text: as

text: the

text: local

text: language

text: and

text: Islamic

text: culture

text: was

text: much

text: reinforced

text: The

text: Sahel

text: and

text: southern

text: Sahara

text: regions

text: were

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: independent

text: states

text: or

text: to

text: roaming

text: Tuareg

text: clans

question: During the 1500 who was a valued part of the Ottoman   Empire?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt

question: What did the Ottoman Empire provide to its people?

answer: freedom of movement for citizens and goods

text: freedom of movement for citizens and goods

question: What was the local language during this time in Egypt?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic

question: When did the Ottoman Empire disband?

question: What key feature made Algeria a vital part of the Ottoman empire?

text: control over the Nile Valley

question: What was the language of Europe?

text: Arabic

question: What culture did Tuareg clans enforce?

text: Islamic

question: What kind of rule did the kingdom of Algeria have?

text: semi-autonomous


text: Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The daimyo, or lords, were at the top, followed by the warrior-caste of samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below. In some parts of the country, particularly smaller regions, daimyo and samurai were more or less identical, since daimyo might be trained as samurai, and samurai might act as local lords. Otherwise, the largely inflexible nature of this social stratification system unleashed disruptive forces over time. Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value. As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time. This often led to numerous confrontations between noble but impoverished samurai and well-to-do peasants, ranging from simple local disturbances to much bigger rebellions. None, however, proved compelling enough to seriously challenge the established order until the arrival of foreign powers.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: Society

text: in

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Tokugawa

text: period

text: Edo

text: society

text: unlike

text: the

text: shogunates

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: strict

text: class

text: hierarchy

text: originally

text: established

text: by

text: Toyotomi

text: Hideyoshi

text: The

text: daimyo

text: or

text: lords

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: warrior

text: caste

text: of

text: samurai

text: with

text: the

text: farmers

text: artisans

text: and

text: traders

text: ranking

text: below

text: In

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: particularly

text: smaller

text: regions

text: daimyo

text: and

text: samurai

text: were

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: identical

text: since

text: daimyo

text: might

text: be

text: trained

text: as

text: samurai

text: and

text: samurai

text: might

text: act

text: as

text: local

text: lords

text: Otherwise

text: the

text: largely

text: inflexible

text: nature

text: of

text: this

text: social

text: stratification

text: system

text: unleashed

text: disruptive

text: forces

text: over

text: time

text: Taxes

text: on

text: the

text: peasantry

text: were

text: set

text: at

text: fixed

text: amounts

text: which

text: did

text: not

text: account

text: for

text: inflation

text: or

text: other

text: changes

text: in

text: monetary

text: value

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: tax

text: revenues

text: collected

text: by

text: the

text: samurai

text: landowners

text: were

text: worth

text: less

text: and

text: less

text: over

text: time

text: This

text: often

text: led

text: to

text: numerous

text: confrontations

text: between

text: noble

text: but

text: impoverished

text: samurai

text: and

text: well

text: to

text: do

text: peasants

text: ranging

text: from

text: simple

text: local

text: disturbances

text: to

text: much

text: bigger

text: rebellions

text: however

text: proved

text: compelling

text: enough

text: to

text: seriously

text: challenge

text: the

text: established

text: order

text: until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: foreign

text: powers

question: What was society based on during the Tukugawa period?

answer: strict class hierarchy

text: strict class hierarchy

question: Strict class hierarchy was established by who?

answer: Toyotomi Hideyoshi

text: Toyotomi Hideyoshi

question: What group were considered to be at the top of the Strict Class Hierarchy?

answer: The daimyo, or lords

text: The daimyo, or lords

question: How were taxes charged during the Tukugawa period?

answer: set at fixed amounts

text: set at fixed amounts

question: What effect did  having taxes charged at a fixed amount have on it's revenue?

answer: tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.

text: tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.

question: What is the Tokugawa period also known as?

answer: Edo society

text: Edo society

question: What was society in  the Tokugawa period based in?

answer: strict class hierarchy

text: strict class hierarchy

question: What group was considered at the top of the Strict Class Society?

answer: The daimyo, or lords,

text: The daimyo, or lords,

question: How were taxes charged in the Tokugawa period?

answer: set at fixed amounts

text: set at fixed amounts

question: What effect did the way the taxes were charged have on it's revenue.

answer: revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.

text: revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.


text: In 1165 Maimonides visited Jerusalem and prayed on the Temple Mount, in the "great, holy house". In 1141 Spanish-Jewish poet, Yehuda Halevi, issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel, a journey he undertook himself. In 1187 Sultan Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin and subsequently captured Jerusalem and almost all of Palestine. In time, Saladin issued a proclamation inviting Jews to return and settle in Jerusalem, and according to Judah al-Harizi, they did: "From the day the Arabs took Jerusalem, the Israelites inhabited it." Al-Harizi compared Saladin's decree allowing Jews to re-establish themselves in Jerusalem to the one issued by the Persian king Cyrus the Great over 1,600 years earlier.

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: In

text: Maimonides

text: visited

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: prayed

text: on

text: the

text: Temple

text: Mount

text: in

text: the

text: great

text: holy

text: house

text: In

text: Spanish

text: Jewish

text: poet

text: Yehuda

text: Halevi

text: issued

text: a

text: call

text: to

text: the

text: Jews

text: to

text: emigrate

text: to

text: the

text: Land

text: of

text: Israel

text: a

text: journey

text: he

text: undertook

text: himself

text: In

text: Sultan

text: Saladin

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Ayyubid

text: dynasty

text: defeated

text: the

text: Crusaders

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Hattin

text: and

text: subsequently

text: captured

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: Palestine

text: In

text: time

text: Saladin

text: issued

text: a

text: proclamation

text: inviting

text: Jews

text: to

text: return

text: and

text: settle

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Judah

text: al

text: Harizi

text: they

text: did

text: From

text: the

text: day

text: the

text: Arabs

text: took

text: Jerusalem

text: the

text: Israelites

text: inhabited

text: it

text: Al

text: Harizi

text: compared

text: Saladin

text: 's

text: decree

text: allowing

text: Jews

text: to

text: re

text: establish

text: themselves

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: to

text: the

text: one

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: king

text: Cyrus

text: the

text: Great

text: over

text: years

text: earlier

question: When did Maimonides visit Jerusalem?

answer: 1165

question: Who issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel?

answer: Yehuda Halevi

text: Yehuda Halevi

question: Who was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty?

answer: Sultan Saladin

text: Sultan Saladin


text: Tiberius' brother Gaius was elected tribune in 123 BC. Gaius Gracchus' ultimate goal was to weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces. In the past, for example, the senate would eliminate political rivals either by establishing special judicial commissions or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum ("ultimate decree of the senate"). Both devices would allow the Senate to bypass the ordinary due process rights that all citizens had. Gaius outlawed the judicial commissions, and declared the senatus consultum ultimum to be unconstitutional. Gaius then proposed a law which would grant citizenship rights to Rome's Italian allies. This last proposal was not popular with the plebeians and he lost much of his support. He stood for election to a third term in 121 BC, but was defeated and then murdered by representatives of the senate with 3,000 of his supporters on Capitoline Hill in Rome. Though the senate retained control, the Gracchi had strengthened the political influence of the plebeians.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Tiberius

text: brother

text: Gaius

text: was

text: elected

text: tribune

text: in

text: BC

text: Gaius

text: Gracchus

text: ultimate

text: goal

text: was

text: to

text: weaken

text: the

text: senate

text: and

text: to

text: strengthen

text: the

text: democratic

text: forces

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: senate

text: would

text: eliminate

text: political

text: rivals

text: either

text: by

text: establishing

text: special

text: judicial

text: commissions

text: or

text: by

text: passing

text: a

text: senatus

text: consultum

text: ultimum

text: ultimate

text: decree

text: of

text: the

text: senate

text: Both

text: devices

text: would

text: allow

text: the

text: Senate

text: to

text: bypass

text: the

text: ordinary

text: due

text: process

text: rights

text: that

text: all

text: citizens

text: had

text: Gaius

text: outlawed

text: the

text: judicial

text: commissions

text: and

text: declared

text: the

text: senatus

text: consultum

text: ultimum

text: to

text: be

text: unconstitutional

text: Gaius

text: then

text: proposed

text: a

text: law

text: which

text: would

text: grant

text: citizenship

text: rights

text: to

text: Rome

text: 's

text: Italian

text: allies

text: This

text: last

text: proposal

text: was

text: not

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: plebeians

text: and

text: he

text: lost

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: support

text: He

text: stood

text: for

text: election

text: to

text: a

text: third

text: term

text: in

text: BC

text: but

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: then

text: murdered

text: by

text: representatives

text: of

text: the

text: senate

text: with

text: of

text: his

text: supporters

text: on

text: Capitoline

text: Hill

text: in

text: Rome

text: Though

text: the

text: senate

text: retained

text: control

text: the

text: Gracchi

text: had

text: strengthened

text: the

text: political

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: plebeians

question: In what year was Gaius elected to office?

answer: 123 BC

text: 123 BC

question: What is considered to be the end game of Gaius Gracchus?

answer: weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces

text: weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces

question: Who brought forward a law that would given citizenship right to Italian allies of Rome?

answer: Gaius

text: Gaius

question: Which elected official lost the election in 121 BC?

answer: Gaius

text: Gaius

question: What was the location of the Gaius Gracchus murder?

answer: Capitoline Hill in Rome

text: Capitoline Hill in Rome


text: In the United States and elsewhere in the world, there has been a marked rise in the evangelical wing of Protestant denominations, especially those that are more exclusively evangelical, and a corresponding decline in the mainstream liberal churches. In the post–World War I era, Liberal Christianity was on the rise, and a considerable number of seminaries held and taught from a liberal perspective as well. In the post–World War II era, the trend began to swing back towards the conservative camp in America's seminaries and church structures.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: marked

text: rise

text: in

text: the

text: evangelical

text: wing

text: of

text: Protestant

text: denominations

text: especially

text: those

text: that

text: are

text: more

text: exclusively

text: evangelical

text: and

text: a

text: corresponding

text: decline

text: in

text: the

text: mainstream

text: liberal

text: churches

text: In

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: era

text: Liberal

text: Christianity

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: rise

text: and

text: a

text: considerable

text: number

text: of

text: seminaries

text: held

text: and

text: taught

text: from

text: a

text: liberal

text: perspective

text: as

text: well

text: In

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: era

text: the

text: trend

text: began

text: to

text: swing

text: back

text: towards

text: the

text: conservative

text: camp

text: in

text: America

text: 's

text: seminaries

text: and

text: church

text: structures

question: Where has there been a rise in evangelical Protestantism?

answer: In the United States and elsewhere in the world

text: In the United States and elsewhere in the world

question: What type of churches have declined?

answer: mainstream liberal churches

text: mainstream liberal churches

question: When did Liberal Christianity increase?

answer: In the post–World War I era

text: In the post–World War I era

question: When did conservative churches start to increase?

answer: In the post–World War II era

text: In the post–World War II era

question: What type of evangelical churches are the most popular?

answer: those that are more exclusively evangelical

text: those that are more exclusively evangelical


text: The East India Company's arms, granted in 1698, were: "Argent a cross Gules; in the dexter chief quarter an escutcheon of the arms of France and England quarterly, the shield ornamentally and regally crowned Or." The crest was: "A lion rampant guardant Or holding between the forepaws a regal crown proper." The supporters were: "Two lions rampant guardant Or, each supporting a banner erect Argent, charged with a cross Gules." The motto was AUSPICIO REGIS ET SENATUS ANGLIÆ (Latin: By right of the King and the Senate of England).

title: East_India_Company

title: East_India_Company

text: The

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: 's

text: arms

text: granted

text: in

text: were

text: Argent

text: a

text: cross

text: Gules

text: in

text: the

text: dexter

text: chief

text: quarter

text: an

text: escutcheon

text: of

text: the

text: arms

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: England

text: quarterly

text: the

text: shield

text: ornamentally

text: and

text: regally

text: crowned

text: Or

text: The

text: crest

text: was

text: A

text: lion

text: rampant

text: guardant

text: Or

text: holding

text: between

text: the

text: forepaws

text: a

text: regal

text: crown

text: proper

text: The

text: supporters

text: were

text: Two

text: lions

text: rampant

text: guardant

text: Or

text: each

text: supporting

text: a

text: banner

text: erect

text: Argent

text: charged

text: with

text: a

text: cross

text: Gules

text: The

text: motto

text: was

text: AUSPICIO

text: REGIS

text: ET

text: SENATUS

text: ANGLIÆ

text: Latin

text: By

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: and

text: the

text: Senate

text: of

text: England

question: The EIC Arms feature what king of the jungle animal on it?

answer: lion

text: lion

question: in the arms of EIC what was the lion holding in his forepaws

answer: crown

text: crown

question: how many lions were on the EIC arms

answer: Two

text: Two

question: what year did the EIC arms include both france and england?

answer: 1698

question: What jungle animal is in danger on the EIC Arms?

text: lion

question: What does the lion have on its head in the arms of EIC?

text: a regal crown

question: How many dolphins were on the EIC arms?

text: Two

question: What year did the EIC arms include both Norway and Denmark?

question: What arms were granted in 1798?

text: The East India Company's arms


text: In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word "humanism" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856, when German historian and philologist Georg Voigt used humanism to describe Renaissance humanism, the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning, a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations, especially Italy.

title: Humanism

title: Humanism

text: In

text: Bavarian

text: educational

text: commissioner

text: Friedrich

text: Immanuel

text: Niethammer

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: Humanismus

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: new

text: classical

text: curriculum

text: he

text: planned

text: to

text: offer

text: in

text: German

text: secondary

text: schools

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: word

text: humanism

text: had

text: been

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: in

text: this

text: sense

text: The

text: coinage

text: gained

text: universal

text: acceptance

text: in

text: when

text: German

text: historian

text: and

text: philologist

text: Georg

text: Voigt

text: used

text: humanism

text: to

text: describe

text: Renaissance

text: humanism

text: the

text: movement

text: that

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: to

text: revive

text: classical

text: learning

text: a

text: use

text: which

text: won

text: wide

text: acceptance

text: among

text: historians

text: in

text: many

text: nations

text: especially

text: Italy

question: In what year did the term humanism gain yet another layer of meaning?

answer: 1808

question: Who can be credited with assisting the word humanism with finding a home in the English language?

answer: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer

text: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer

question: Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?

answer: Georg Voigt

text: Georg Voigt

question: What nation was highly receptive to the new definition of this concept?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: What year did the term humanism remove yet another layer of meaning?

question: Who can be credited with assisting the word humanism with finding a barrier from the English language?

text: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer

question: Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1854?

text: Georg Voigt

question: What nation was not receptive to the new definition of this concept?

text: Italy

question: Who destroyed the term Humanismus?

text: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer


text: In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was those chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. Neumann János became Margittai Neumann János (John Neumann of Marghita), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: In

text: his

text: father

text: was

text: elevated

text: to

text: the

text: nobility

text: for

text: his

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: by

text: Emperor

text: Franz

text: Joseph

text: The

text: Neumann

text: family

text: thus

text: acquired

text: the

text: hereditary

text: appellation

text: Margittai

text: meaning

text: of

text: Marghita

text: The

text: family

text: had

text: no

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: town

text: the

text: appellation

text: was

text: chosen

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: Margaret

text: as

text: was

text: those

text: chosen

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: depicting

text: three

text: marguerites

text: Neumann

text: János

text: became

text: Margittai

text: Neumann

text: János

text: John

text: Neumann

text: of

text: Marghita

text: which

text: he

text: later

text: changed

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Johann

text: von

text: Neumann

question: In what year was Von Neumann's father elevated to nobility?

answer: 1913

question: What Emperor elevated Von Neumann's father to nobility?

answer: Emperor Franz Joseph

text: Emperor Franz Joseph

question: What town did Von Neumann's family become associated when elevated to nobility?

answer: Marghita

text: Marghita

question: What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility?

answer: Margittai Neumann János

text: Margittai Neumann János


text: Many large airports are located near railway trunk routes for seamless connection of multimodal transport, for instance Frankfurt Airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, London Heathrow Airport, London Gatwick Airport and London Stansted Airport. It is also common to connect an airport and a city with rapid transit, light rail lines or other non-road public transport systems. Some examples of this would include the AirTrain JFK at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, Link Light Rail that runs from the heart of downtown Seattle to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and the Silver Line T at Boston's Logan International Airport by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Such a connection lowers risk of missed flights due to traffic congestion. Large airports usually have access also through controlled-access highways ('freeways' or 'motorways') from which motor vehicles enter either the departure loop or the arrival loop.

title: Airport

title: Airport

text: Many

text: large

text: airports

text: are

text: located

text: near

text: railway

text: trunk

text: routes

text: for

text: seamless

text: connection

text: of

text: multimodal

text: transport

text: for

text: instance

text: Frankfurt

text: Airport

text: Amsterdam

text: Airport

text: Schiphol

text: London

text: Heathrow

text: Airport

text: London

text: Gatwick

text: Airport

text: and

text: London

text: Stansted

text: Airport

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: common

text: to

text: connect

text: an

text: airport

text: and

text: a

text: city

text: with

text: rapid

text: transit

text: light

text: rail

text: lines

text: or

text: other

text: non

text: road

text: public

text: transport

text: systems

text: Some

text: examples

text: of

text: this

text: would

text: include

text: the

text: AirTrain

text: JFK

text: at

text: John

text: F.

text: Kennedy

text: International

text: Airport

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: Link

text: Light

text: Rail

text: that

text: runs

text: from

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: downtown

text: Seattle

text: to

text: Seattle

text: Tacoma

text: International

text: Airport

text: and

text: the

text: Silver

text: Line

text: T

text: at

text: Boston

text: 's

text: Logan

text: International

text: Airport

text: by

text: the

text: Massachusetts

text: Bay

text: Transportation

text: Authority

text: MBTA

text: Such

text: a

text: connection

text: lowers

text: risk

text: of

text: missed

text: flights

text: due

text: to

text: traffic

text: congestion

text: Large

text: airports

text: usually

text: have

text: access

text: also

text: through

text: controlled

text: access

text: highways

text: freeways

text: or

text: motorways

text: from

text: which

text: motor

text: vehicles

text: enter

text: either

text: the

text: departure

text: loop

text: or

text: the

text: arrival

text: loop

question: For seamless connection of multimodal transport, where are many large airports located?

answer: near railway trunk routes

text: near railway trunk routes

question: What does MBTA stand for?

answer: Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

text: Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

question: It is also common to connect an airport and a city with what?

answer: rapid transit, light rail lines or other non-road public transport systems

text: rapid transit, light rail lines or other non-road public transport systems

question: What are many cities located close to?

question: What commonly connects a city with a departure loop?

question: What is an example of an arrival loop?

question: What does a departure loop help do?

question: What does Seattle allow access to the AirTrain through?

text: controlled-access highways


text: Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown."

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Noteworthy

text: Irish

text: mandolinists

text: include

text: Andy

text: Irvine

text: who

text: like

text: Johnny

text: Moynihan

text: almost

text: always

text: tunes

text: the

text: top

text: E

text: down

text: to

text: D

text: to

text: achieve

text: an

text: open

text: tuning

text: of

text: GDAD

text: Paul

text: Brady

text: Mick

text: Moloney

text: Paul

text: Kelly

text: and

text: Claudine

text: Langille

text: John

text: Sheahan

text: and

text: the

text: late

text: Barney

text: McKenna

text: respectively

text: fiddle

text: player

text: and

text: tenor

text: banjo

text: player

text: with

text: The

text: Dubliners

text: are

text: also

text: accomplished

text: Irish

text: mandolin

text: players

text: The

text: instruments

text: used

text: are

text: either

text: flat

text: backed

text: oval

text: hole

text: examples

text: as

text: described

text: above

text: made

text: by

text: UK

text: luthier

text: Roger

text: Bucknall

text: of

text: Fylde

text: Guitars

text: or

text: carved

text: top

text: oval

text: hole

text: instruments

text: with

text: arched

text: back

text: made

text: by

text: Stefan

text: Sobell

text: in

text: Northumberland

text: The

text: Irish

text: guitarist

text: Rory

text: Gallagher

text: often

text: played

text: the

text: mandolin

text: on

text: stage

text: and

text: he

text: most

text: famously

text: used

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: song

text: Going

text: To

text: My

text: Hometown

question: Who are some of the famous Irish Mandolinists?

answer: Andy Irvine

text: Andy Irvine

question: Who are popular fiddle player and tenor banjo player?

answer: John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna

text: John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna

question: What was John Sheahan and Barney Mckenna's band called?

answer: The Dubliners,

text: The Dubliners,

question: Who made the instruments used by the Dubliners?

answer: UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars

text: UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars

question: What Irish guitarist played the mandolin on stage?

answer: Rory Gallagher

text: Rory Gallagher

question: Who are some of the famous Italian Mandolinists?

text: Andy Irvine

question: Who are unpopular fiddle player and tenor banjo player?

question: What was John Sheahan and Barney Mckenna's job called?

text: The Dubliners

question: Who made the instruments used by the Italian group?

question: What Irish guitarist played the mandolin off stage?

text: Rory Gallagher


text: When infection attacks the body, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection. Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic; including antitubercular), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic (including antiprotozoal and antihelminthic) agents. Depending on the severity and the type of infection, the antibiotic may be given by mouth or by injection, or may be applied topically. Severe infections of the brain are usually treated with intravenous antibiotics. Sometimes, multiple antibiotics are used in case there is resistance to one antibiotic. Antibiotics only work for bacteria and do not affect viruses. Antibiotics work by slowing down the multiplication of bacteria or killing the bacteria. The most common classes of antibiotics used in medicine include penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones and tetracyclines.[citation needed]

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: When

text: infection

text: attacks

text: the

text: body

text: anti

text: infective

text: drugs

text: can

text: suppress

text: the

text: infection

text: Several

text: broad

text: types

text: of

text: anti

text: infective

text: drugs

text: exist

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: organism

text: targeted

text: they

text: include

text: antibacterial

text: antibiotic

text: including

text: antitubercular

text: antiviral

text: antifungal

text: and

text: antiparasitic

text: including

text: antiprotozoal

text: and

text: antihelminthic

text: agents

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: severity

text: and

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: infection

text: the

text: antibiotic

text: may

text: be

text: given

text: by

text: mouth

text: or

text: by

text: injection

text: or

text: may

text: be

text: applied

text: topically

text: Severe

text: infections

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: are

text: usually

text: treated

text: with

text: intravenous

text: antibiotics

text: Sometimes

text: multiple

text: antibiotics

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: case

text: there

text: is

text: resistance

text: to

text: one

text: antibiotic

text: Antibiotics

text: only

text: work

text: for

text: bacteria

text: and

text: do

text: not

text: affect

text: viruses

text: Antibiotics

text: work

text: by

text: slowing

text: down

text: the

text: multiplication

text: of

text: bacteria

text: or

text: killing

text: the

text: bacteria

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: classes

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: used

text: in

text: medicine

text: include

text: penicillin

text: cephalosporins

text: aminoglycosides

text: macrolides

text: quinolones

text: and

text: tetracyclines.[citation

text: needed

question: What type of drugs can suppress an infection when it attacks the body?

answer: anti-infective

text: anti-infective

question: How many broad types of anti-infective drugs exist?

answer: Several

text: Several

question: What depends on the method an antibiotic is given?

answer: severity and the type of infection

text: severity and the type of infection

question: How are severe infections of the brain usually treated?

answer: with intravenous antibiotics

text: with intravenous antibiotics

question: How do antibiotics work?

answer: slowing down the multiplication of bacteria or killing the bacteria

text: slowing down the multiplication of bacteria or killing the bacteria

question: What type of drugs can worsen an infection when it attacks the body?

text: anti-infective

question: How many broad types of anti-infective drugs no longer exist?

text: Several

question: What has no influence on the method an antibiotic is given?

text: severity and the type of infection

question: How are severe infections of the brain usually damaged?

text: with intravenous antibiotics

question: How do antibiotics harm the body?


text: In 1762, towards the end of the war, French forces attacked St. John's, Newfoundland. If successful, the expedition would have strengthened France's hand at the negotiating table. Although they took St. John's and raided nearby settlements, the French forces were eventually defeated by British troops at the Battle of Signal Hill. This was the final battle of the war in North America, and it forced the French to surrender to Lieutenant Colonel William Amherst. The victorious British now controlled all of eastern North America.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: In

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: French

text: forces

text: attacked

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: Newfoundland

text: If

text: successful

text: the

text: expedition

text: would

text: have

text: strengthened

text: France

text: 's

text: hand

text: at

text: the

text: negotiating

text: table

text: Although

text: they

text: took

text: St.

text: John

text: 's

text: and

text: raided

text: nearby

text: settlements

text: the

text: French

text: forces

text: were

text: eventually

text: defeated

text: by

text: British

text: troops

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Signal

text: Hill

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: battle

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: it

text: forced

text: the

text: French

text: to

text: surrender

text: to

text: Lieutenant

text: Colonel

text: William

text: Amherst

text: The

text: victorious

text: British

text: now

text: controlled

text: all

text: of

text: eastern

text: North

text: America

question: Where did the French attack in 1762?

answer: St. John's, Newfoundland

text: St. John's, Newfoundland

question: What advantage would taking St. John's have provided for the French?

answer: the expedition would have strengthened France's hand at the negotiating table

text: the expedition would have strengthened France's hand at the negotiating table

question: Did the French take St. John's?

answer: they took St. John's

text: they took St. John's

question: Did the French hold St. John's?

answer: French forces were eventually defeated by British troops

text: French forces were eventually defeated by British troops

question: Where was the final battle between the French and British in North America?

answer: Battle of Signal Hill

text: Battle of Signal Hill


text: Many factors played a role in Britain’s long-term economic growth, such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family survive financially. Due to poor employment opportunities for many parents, sending their children to work on farms and in factories was a way to help feed and support the family. Child Labour first started to occur in England when household businesses were turned into local labour markets that mass-produced the once homemade goods. Because children often helped produce the goods out of their homes, working in a factory to make those same goods was a simple change for many of these youths. Although there are many counts of children under the age of ten working for factories, the majority of children workers were between the ages of ten and fourteen. This age range was an important time for many youths as they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Many

text: factors

text: played

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: Britain

text: ’s

text: long

text: term

text: economic

text: growth

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: industrial

text: revolution

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: the

text: prominent

text: presence

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: during

text: the

text: industrial

text: age

text: Children

text: who

text: worked

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: were

text: often

text: not

text: forced

text: but

text: did

text: so

text: because

text: they

text: needed

text: to

text: help

text: their

text: family

text: survive

text: financially

text: Due

text: to

text: poor

text: employment

text: opportunities

text: for

text: many

text: parents

text: sending

text: their

text: children

text: to

text: work

text: on

text: farms

text: and

text: in

text: factories

text: was

text: a

text: way

text: to

text: help

text: feed

text: and

text: support

text: the

text: family

text: Child

text: Labour

text: first

text: started

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: England

text: when

text: household

text: businesses

text: were

text: turned

text: into

text: local

text: labour

text: markets

text: that

text: mass

text: produced

text: the

text: once

text: homemade

text: goods

text: Because

text: children

text: often

text: helped

text: produce

text: the

text: goods

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: homes

text: working

text: in

text: a

text: factory

text: to

text: make

text: those

text: same

text: goods

text: was

text: a

text: simple

text: change

text: for

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: youths

text: Although

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: counts

text: of

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: ten

text: working

text: for

text: factories

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: children

text: workers

text: were

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: ten

text: and

text: fourteen

text: This

text: age

text: range

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: time

text: for

text: many

text: youths

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: first

text: helping

text: to

text: provide

text: for

text: their

text: families

text: while

text: also

text: transitioning

text: to

text: save

text: for

text: their

text: own

text: future

text: families

question: If not forced why did children work?

answer: to help feed and support the family

text: to help feed and support the family

question: What was the age of the majority of child workers in Britain?

answer: between the ages of ten and fourteen

text: between the ages of ten and fourteen

question: Why was this age range important?

answer: they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families

text: they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families

question: How were the work oppurtunies for parents during this time period?

answer: poor

text: poor


text: There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.

title: London

title: London

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: annual

text: events

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: relatively

text: new

text: New

text: Year

text: 's

text: Day

text: Parade

text: fireworks

text: display

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: Eye

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: street

text: party

text: the

text: Notting

text: Hill

text: Carnival

text: is

text: held

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: August

text: Bank

text: Holiday

text: each

text: year

text: Traditional

text: parades

text: include

text: November

text: 's

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: Show

text: a

text: centuries

text: old

text: event

text: celebrating

text: the

text: annual

text: appointment

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Lord

text: Mayor

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: with

text: a

text: procession

text: along

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: June

text: 's

text: Trooping

text: the

text: Colour

text: a

text: formal

text: military

text: pageant

text: performed

text: by

text: regiments

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: British

text: armies

text: to

text: celebrate

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Official

text: Birthday

question: The Lord Mayor's Show occurs annually in what month?

answer: November

text: November

question: What does the Lord Mayor's Show parade commemorate and celebrate?

answer: the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor

text: the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor

question: Who participates in the military pageantry in the Trooping the Colour event every June?

answer: regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies

text: regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies

question: Fireworks are discharged on New Year's Eve from what contemporary London landmark?

answer: the London Eye

text: the London Eye

question: Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event?

answer: the Queen's Official Birthday

text: the Queen's Official Birthday


text: During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree, which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground. The teaching of German became a major issue, however, as early as 1946. Following World War II, the French government pursued, in line with its traditional language policy, a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign.

title: Alsace

title: Alsace

text: During

text: a

text: reannexation

text: by

text: Germany

text: High

text: German

text: was

text: reinstated

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: education

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: speak

text: German

text: and

text: French

text: family

text: names

text: were

text: Germanized

text: Following

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: regulation

text: was

text: not

text: reinstated

text: and

text: the

text: teaching

text: of

text: German

text: in

text: primary

text: schools

text: was

text: suspended

text: by

text: a

text: provisional

text: rectorial

text: decree

text: which

text: was

text: supposed

text: to

text: enable

text: French

text: to

text: regain

text: lost

text: ground

text: The

text: teaching

text: of

text: German

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: issue

text: however

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: Following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: pursued

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: its

text: traditional

text: language

text: policy

text: a

text: campaign

text: to

text: suppress

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: German

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: wider

text: Francization

text: campaign

question: Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur?

answer: 1940–1945

question: What were French families forced to do during the German reannexation?

answer: names were Germanized.

text: names were Germanized.

question: When did the suspension of German teaching in  schools happen?

answer: 1927

question: When did teaching German cease to be an issue?

question: What did the French government force French family names to become?

text: Germanized

question: 1927 made what the language of education?

text: High German

question: What did the French do contrary to their typical language policy?

text: suppress the use of German

question: What years did the Francization campaign run?


text: In August 2004, Sony entered joint venture with equal partner Bertelsmann, by merging Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, to establish Sony BMG Music Entertainment. However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: August

text: Sony

text: entered

text: joint

text: venture

text: with

text: equal

text: partner

text: Bertelsmann

text: by

text: merging

text: Sony

text: Music

text: and

text: Bertelsmann

text: Music

text: Group

text: Germany

text: to

text: establish

text: Sony

text: BMG

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: However

text: Sony

text: continued

text: to

text: operate

text: its

text: Japanese

text: music

text: business

text: independently

text: from

text: Sony

text: BMG

text: while

text: BMG

text: Japan

text: was

text: made

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: merger

question: In what year did Sony and BMG Germany merge?

answer: 2004

question: In August 2014, Sony entered a joint venture with whom?

text: equal partner Bertelsmann

question: Who continued to operate its Chinese music business independently?

text: Sony

question: ABC Japan was made part of what?

text: the merger

question: Beckman Music Group is located in which country?

text: Germany


text: Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bacteria are easily grown on nutrient agar, a form of solid medium that supplies carbohydrates and proteins necessary for growth of a bacterium, along with copious amounts of water. A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from other colonies or melded together into a "lawn". The size, color, shape and form of a colony is characteristic of the bacterial species, its specific genetic makeup (its strain), and the environment that supports its growth. Other ingredients are often added to the plate to aid in identification. Plates may contain substances that permit the growth of some bacteria and not others, or that change color in response to certain bacteria and not others. Bacteriological plates such as these are commonly used in the clinical identification of infectious bacterium. Microbial culture may also be used in the identification of viruses: the medium in this case being cells grown in culture that the virus can infect, and then alter or kill. In the case of viral identification, a region of dead cells results from viral growth, and is called a "plaque". Eukaryotic parasites may also be grown in culture as a means of identifying a particular agent.

title: Infection

title: Infection

text: Microbiological

text: culture

text: is

text: a

text: principal

text: tool

text: used

text: to

text: diagnose

text: infectious

text: disease

text: In

text: a

text: microbial

text: culture

text: a

text: growth

text: medium

text: is

text: provided

text: for

text: a

text: specific

text: agent

text: A

text: sample

text: taken

text: from

text: potentially

text: diseased

text: tissue

text: or

text: fluid

text: is

text: then

text: tested

text: for

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: an

text: infectious

text: agent

text: able

text: to

text: grow

text: within

text: that

text: medium

text: Most

text: pathogenic

text: bacteria

text: are

text: easily

text: grown

text: on

text: nutrient

text: agar

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: solid

text: medium

text: that

text: supplies

text: carbohydrates

text: and

text: proteins

text: necessary

text: for

text: growth

text: of

text: a

text: bacterium

text: along

text: with

text: copious

text: amounts

text: of

text: water

text: A

text: single

text: bacterium

text: will

text: grow

text: into

text: a

text: visible

text: mound

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: plate

text: called

text: a

text: colony

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: separated

text: from

text: other

text: colonies

text: or

text: melded

text: together

text: into

text: a

text: lawn

text: The

text: size

text: color

text: shape

text: and

text: form

text: of

text: a

text: colony

text: is

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: bacterial

text: species

text: its

text: specific

text: genetic

text: makeup

text: its

text: strain

text: and

text: the

text: environment

text: that

text: supports

text: its

text: growth

text: Other

text: ingredients

text: are

text: often

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: plate

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: identification

text: Plates

text: may

text: contain

text: substances

text: that

text: permit

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: some

text: bacteria

text: and

text: not

text: others

text: or

text: that

text: change

text: color

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: certain

text: bacteria

text: and

text: not

text: others

text: Bacteriological

text: plates

text: such

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: clinical

text: identification

text: of

text: infectious

text: bacterium

text: Microbial

text: culture

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: viruses

text: the

text: medium

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: being

text: cells

text: grown

text: in

text: culture

text: that

text: the

text: virus

text: can

text: infect

text: and

text: then

text: alter

text: or

text: kill

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: viral

text: identification

text: a

text: region

text: of

text: dead

text: cells

text: results

text: from

text: viral

text: growth

text: and

text: is

text: called

text: a

text: plaque

text: Eukaryotic

text: parasites

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: grown

text: in

text: culture

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: identifying

text: a

text: particular

text: agent

question: What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease?

answer: Microbiological

text: Microbiological

question: What type of medium is provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture?

answer: growth

text: growth

question: What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on?

answer: nutrient agar

text: nutrient agar

question: What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate?

answer: a colony

text: a colony

question: What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called?

answer: a "plaque"

text: a "plaque"

question: What type of hammer is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease?

text: Microbiological

question: What type of medium is not typically provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture?

text: growth

question: What are most pathogenic bacteria unable to grow on?

text: nutrient agar

question: What is it called when an invisible mound forms on the surface of a plate?

text: a colony

question: What is a planet of dead cells resulting from viral growth called?

text: a "plaque"


text: Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit. Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles.

title: Queen_Victoria

title: Queen_Victoria

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: since

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: Britain

text: 's

text: closest

text: ally

text: visited

text: London

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: August

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Victoria

text: and

text: Albert

text: returned

text: the

text: visit

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: met

text: the

text: couple

text: at

text: Dunkirk

text: and

text: accompanied

text: them

text: to

text: Paris

text: They

text: visited

text: the

text: Exposition

text: Universelle

text: a

text: successor

text: to

text: Albert

text: 's

text: brainchild

text: the

text: Great

text: Exhibition

text: and

text: Napoleon

text: I

text: 's

text: tomb

text: at

text: Les

text: Invalides

text: to

text: which

text: his

text: remains

text: had

text: only

text: been

text: returned

text: in

text: and

text: were

text: guests

text: of

text: honour

text: at

text: a

text: ball

text: at

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Versailles

question: who was britains closest ally since the Crimean war?

answer: Napoleon III

text: Napoleon III

question: When did Napoleon iii visit London?

answer: April 1855

text: April 1855

question: Where did Napoleon Meet Victoria and Albert?

answer: Dunkirk

text: Dunkirk

question: Napoleon accompanied Victoria and Alber to what city diring the visit?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Victoria and Albert were the guests of honor at a large ball that took place where?

answer: the Palace of Versailles

text: the Palace of Versailles

question: Who was Britains's closest ally following the Crimean War?

answer: Napoleon III

text: Napoleon III

question: What did Napoleon III and the royal couple visit?

answer: Exposition Universelle

text: Exposition Universelle

question: When were Napoleon I remains returned to their resting place at Les Invalides?

answer: 1840

question: How many guests attented a ball at the Palace of Versaille with Napoleon III and the royal couple in attendence?

answer: 1,200

question: Where did Napoleon III meet Victoria and Albert, before accompanying them to Paris?

answer: Dunkirk

text: Dunkirk

question: When were Napoleon I's remains interred in his mausoleum?

answer: 1840

question: Who was Britian's closest ally after the Crimean War?

answer: Napoleon III

text: Napoleon III

question: Where were Victoria and Albert honored guests at ball thrown by Napoleon III?

answer: Palace of Versailles

text: Palace of Versailles

question: When did Napoleon III visit London?

answer: April 1855

text: April 1855

question: who was britains closest enemy since the Crimean war?

text: Napoleon III

question: When did Napoleon ii visit London?

text: April 1855

question: Where didn't Napoleon Meet Victoria and Albert?

text: Dunkirk

question: Napoleon unaccompanied Victoria and Alber to what city diring the visit?

text: Paris

question: Victoria and Albert were the guests of honor at a small ball that took place where?

text: Palace of Versailles


text: Examples are 河 hé "river", 湖 hú "lake", 流 liú "stream", 沖 chōng "riptide" (or "flush"), 滑 huá "slippery". All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (氵), which is a reduced form of the character 水 shuǐ meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water. The right-hand side in each case is a phonetic indicator. For example, in the case of 沖 chōng (Old Chinese *ɡ-ljuŋ), the phonetic indicator is 中 zhōng (Old Chinese *k-ljuŋ), which by itself means "middle". In this case it can be seen that the pronunciation of the character is slightly different from that of its phonetic indicator; the process of historical phonetic change means that the composition of such characters can sometimes seem arbitrary today.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: Examples

text: are

text: 河

text: hé

text: river

text: 湖

text: hú

text: lake

text: 流

text: liú

text: stream

text: 沖

text: chōng

text: riptide

text: or

text: flush

text: 滑

text: huá

text: slippery

text: All

text: these

text: characters

text: have

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: a

text: radical

text: of

text: three

text: short

text: strokes

text: 氵

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: reduced

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: 水

text: shuǐ

text: meaning

text: water

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: character

text: has

text: a

text: semantic

text: connection

text: with

text: water

text: The

text: right

text: hand

text: side

text: in

text: each

text: case

text: is

text: a

text: phonetic

text: indicator

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: 沖

text: chōng

text: Old

text: Chinese

text: ɡ

text: ljuŋ

text: the

text: phonetic

text: indicator

text: is

text: 中

text: zhōng

text: Old

text: Chinese

text: k

text: ljuŋ

text: which

text: by

text: itself

text: means

text: middle

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: that

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: is

text: slightly

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: its

text: phonetic

text: indicator

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: historical

text: phonetic

text: change

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: such

text: characters

text: can

text: sometimes

text: seem

text: arbitrary

text: today

question: What side is a phonetic indicator located on?

answer: right-hand side

text: right-hand side

question: What is the process of historical phonetic change?

answer: phonetic indicator

text: phonetic indicator

question: What process can sometimes seem arbitrary today?

answer: phonetic change

text: phonetic change


text: Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for example because of neglect or ignorance of the law, and the rule of law is more apt to decay if a government has insufficient corrective mechanisms for restoring it. Government based upon the rule of law is called nomocracy.

title: Rule_of_law

title: Rule_of_law

text: Rule

text: of

text: law

text: implies

text: that

text: every

text: citizen

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: law

text: including

text: law

text: makers

text: themselves

text: In

text: this

text: sense

text: it

text: stands

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: an

text: autocracy

text: dictatorship

text: or

text: oligarchy

text: where

text: the

text: rulers

text: are

text: held

text: above

text: the

text: law

text: Lack

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: both

text: democracies

text: and

text: dictatorships

text: for

text: example

text: because

text: of

text: neglect

text: or

text: ignorance

text: of

text: the

text: law

text: and

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: is

text: more

text: apt

text: to

text: decay

text: if

text: a

text: government

text: has

text: insufficient

text: corrective

text: mechanisms

text: for

text: restoring

text: it

text: Government

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: is

text: called

text: nomocracy

question: In what forms of government are leaders not held to the same laws as ordinary citizens?

answer: autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy

text: autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy

question: According to the rule of law, who must obey the laws?

answer: every citizen

text: every citizen

question: What are governments called that are created with the rule of law in mind?

answer: nomocracy

text: nomocracy

question: What happens to the rule of law if a government does not have an effective system for maintenance and restoration?

answer: decay

text: decay

question: For what reasons might democratic societies not follow the rule of law?

answer: neglect or ignorance of the law

text: neglect or ignorance of the law

question: According to rule of law who is not subject to the law?

text: law makers

question: Who was held above the law in a nomocracy?

text: rulers

question: What is often found in dictatorships but not democracies

text: Lack of the rule of law

question: What causes rule of law to decay in a dictatorship?

text: neglect or ignorance of the law


text: The Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon after Hayasa-Azzi were Arme-Shupria (1300s–1190 BC), the Nairi (1400–1000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (860–590 BC), who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. Under Ashurbanipal (669–627 BC), the Assyrian empire reached the Caucasus Mountains (modern Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan).

title: Armenians

title: Armenians

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Highland

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: highlands

text: surrounding

text: Mount

text: Ararat

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: several

text: states

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Greater

text: Armenia

text: including

text: the

text: Hittite

text: Empire

text: at

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: Mitanni

text: South

text: Western

text: historical

text: Armenia

text: and

text: Hayasa

text: Azzi

text: BC

text: Soon

text: after

text: Hayasa

text: Azzi

text: were

text: Arme

text: Shupria

text: BC

text: the

text: Nairi

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Urartu

text: BC

text: who

text: successively

text: established

text: their

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Highland

text: Each

text: of

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: nations

text: and

text: tribes

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: ethnogenesis

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: people

text: Under

text: Ashurbanipal

text: BC

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: empire

text: reached

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: modern

text: Armenia

text: Georgia

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

question: What mountain does Armenia surround?

answer: Mount Ararat

text: Mount Ararat

question: What era was the Hittite Empire in?

answer: the Bronze Age

text: the Bronze Age

question: When did the Hayasa-Azzi rule?

answer: 1600–1200 BC

text: 1600–1200 BC

question: When did the Arme-Shupria rule?

answer: 1300s–1190 BC

text: 1300s–1190 BC

question: When did the Nairi rule?

answer: 1400–1000 BC

text: 1400–1000 BC

question: What did the Hittite Empire reach under Ashurbanipal?

text: the Caucasus Mountains

question: What area is in the highlands surrounding the Kingdom of Urartu?

text: The Armenian Highland

question: What mountain is Hayasa-Azzi located near?

text: Mount Ararat

question: What did the Hittite Empire from 860-590 BC gain soverignty over?

text: the Armenian Highland

question: Under who's rule did the Mittani reach the Caucasus Mountains?

text: Ashurbanipal


text: Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on the direction of the script they are intended to be used with). A mark handled this way will appear over whatever character precedes it, but will not adjust its position relative to the width or height of the base glyph; it may be visually awkward and it may overlap some glyphs. Real stacking is impossible, but can be approximated in limited cases (for example, Thai top-combining vowels and tone marks can just be at different heights to start with). Generally this approach is only effective in monospaced fonts, but may be used as a fallback rendering method when more complex methods fail.

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Instructions

text: are

text: also

text: embedded

text: in

text: fonts

text: to

text: tell

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: how

text: to

text: properly

text: output

text: different

text: character

text: sequences

text: A

text: simple

text: solution

text: to

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: combining

text: marks

text: or

text: diacritics

text: is

text: assigning

text: the

text: marks

text: a

text: width

text: of

text: zero

text: and

text: placing

text: the

text: glyph

text: itself

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: or

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: sidebearing

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: script

text: they

text: are

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: A

text: mark

text: handled

text: this

text: way

text: will

text: appear

text: over

text: whatever

text: character

text: precedes

text: it

text: but

text: will

text: not

text: adjust

text: its

text: position

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: width

text: or

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: base

text: glyph

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: visually

text: awkward

text: and

text: it

text: may

text: overlap

text: some

text: glyphs

text: Real

text: stacking

text: is

text: impossible

text: but

text: can

text: be

text: approximated

text: in

text: limited

text: cases

text: for

text: example

text: Thai

text: top

text: combining

text: vowels

text: and

text: tone

text: marks

text: can

text: just

text: be

text: at

text: different

text: heights

text: to

text: start

text: with

text: Generally

text: this

text: approach

text: is

text: only

text: effective

text: in

text: monospaced

text: fonts

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: fallback

text: rendering

text: method

text: when

text: more

text: complex

text: methods

text: fail

question: where are instructions embedded to tell fonts how to output sequences?

answer: in fonts

text: in fonts

question: Can real stacking be accomplished?

answer: Real stacking is impossible

text: Real stacking is impossible

question: what is a solution to the placement of combining marks?

answer: assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing

text: assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing

question: What type of stacking is required?

text: Real

question: Approximated stacking is not possible with what kinds of fonts?

text: monospaced

question: What does the operating system tell what to do?

text: fonts

question: What numerical value is assigned to the glyph?

text: zero

question: What is a mark adjust its position relative to?

text: the base glyph