text: All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and former Yugoslavia—signed with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent. Despite official protests from other signatories (notably Cyprus and Norway) on the ethics and legal standing of these reservations, the immunity from prosecution they grant has been invoked from time to time, as when the United States refused to allow a charge of genocide brought against it by former Yugoslavia following the 1999 Kosovo War.

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: All

text: signatories

text: to

text: the

text: CPPCG

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: prevent

text: and

text: punish

text: acts

text: of

text: genocide

text: both

text: in

text: peace

text: and

text: wartime

text: though

text: some

text: barriers

text: make

text: this

text: enforcement

text: difficult

text: In

text: particular

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: signatories

text: namely

text: Bahrain

text: Bangladesh

text: India

text: Malaysia

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Singapore

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Vietnam

text: Yemen

text: and

text: former

text: Yugoslavia

text: signed

text: with

text: the

text: proviso

text: that

text: no

text: claim

text: of

text: genocide

text: could

text: be

text: brought

text: against

text: them

text: at

text: the

text: International

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: without

text: their

text: consent

text: Despite

text: official

text: protests

text: from

text: other

text: signatories

text: notably

text: Cyprus

text: and

text: Norway

text: on

text: the

text: ethics

text: and

text: legal

text: standing

text: of

text: these

text: reservations

text: the

text: immunity

text: from

text: prosecution

text: they

text: grant

text: has

text: been

text: invoked

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: as

text: when

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: refused

text: to

text: allow

text: a

text: charge

text: of

text: genocide

text: brought

text: against

text: it

text: by

text: former

text: Yugoslavia

text: following

text: the

text: Kosovo

text: War

question: Signatories to the CPPC are required to prevent and punish what?

answer: acts of genocide

text: acts of genocide

question: During which times can a perpetrator of genocide be charged?

answer: both in peace and wartime

text: both in peace and wartime

question: In enforcing a charge of genocide, what loophole do many of the signatories possess?

answer: no claim of genocide could be brought against them

text: no claim of genocide could be brought against them

question: What major western power is exempt from charges or claims of genocide against itself?

answer: the United States

text: the United States

question: Along with Cyprus, what other major signatory official protested the the immunity of others from prosecution of genocide?

answer: Norway

text: Norway

question: What are Signatories to the Kosovo War are required to prevent and punish what?

text: acts of genocide

question: During which times can a perpetrator of reservations be charged?

text: both in peace and wartime

question: what loophole  do many of the courts possess in enforcing a charge of genocide?

question: What major western power is exempt from charges or claims of reservation against itself?

text: the United States

question: Along with Cyprus, what other major signatory official protested the immunity of others from the prosecution of reservation?

text: Norway


text: The BBC operates several television networks, television stations (although there is generally very little distinction between the two terms in the UK), and related programming services in the United Kingdom. As well as being a broadcaster, the corporation also produces a large number of its own programmes in-house, thereby ranking as one of the world's largest television production companies.

title: BBC_Television

title: BBC_Television

text: The

text: BBC

text: operates

text: several

text: television

text: networks

text: television

text: stations

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: generally

text: very

text: little

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: terms

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: related

text: programming

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: As

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: a

text: broadcaster

text: the

text: corporation

text: also

text: produces

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: programmes

text: in

text: house

text: thereby

text: ranking

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: television

text: production

text: companies

question: As a result of shows that the BBC itself creates, it is one of the biggest what?

answer: television production companies

text: television production companies

question: Where does the BBC operate several station networks?

text: United Kingdom

question: What two terms are there distinction between?

question: What ranks as one of the United Kingdom's largest television production companies?

text: The BBC


text: The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to recognize habitats and form mental maps. Satellite tracking of day migrating raptors such as ospreys and honey buzzards has shown that older individuals are better at making corrections for wind drift.

title: Bird_migration

title: Bird_migration

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: birds

text: to

text: navigate

text: during

text: migrations

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: fully

text: explained

text: by

text: endogenous

text: programming

text: even

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: responses

text: to

text: environmental

text: cues

text: The

text: ability

text: to

text: successfully

text: perform

text: long

text: distance

text: migrations

text: can

text: probably

text: only

text: be

text: fully

text: explained

text: with

text: an

text: accounting

text: for

text: the

text: cognitive

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: birds

text: to

text: recognize

text: habitats

text: and

text: form

text: mental

text: maps

text: Satellite

text: tracking

text: of

text: day

text: migrating

text: raptors

text: such

text: as

text: ospreys

text: and

text: honey

text: buzzards

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: older

text: individuals

text: are

text: better

text: at

text: making

text: corrections

text: for

text: wind

text: drift

question: What are older migrating birds better at?

answer: making corrections for wind drift

text: making corrections for wind drift

question: How was the migrating of ospretys and honey buzzards tracked?

answer: Satellite

text: Satellite

question: What do the birds do to successfully perform long distance migration?

answer: recognize habitats and form mental maps

text: recognize habitats and form mental maps

question: What are examples of day migrating raptors?

answer: ospreys and honey buzzards

text: ospreys and honey buzzards


text: Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV), which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services. The Estació del Nord (North Station) is the main railway terminus in Valencia. A new temporary station, Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla, has been built on land adjacent to this terminus to accommodate high speed AVE trains to and from Madrid, Barcelona, Seville and Alicante. Valencia Airport is situated 9 km (5.6 mi) west of Valencia city centre. Alicante Airport is situated about 170 km (110 mi) south of Valencia.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: Public

text: transport

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: Ferrocarrils

text: de

text: la

text: Generalitat

text: Valenciana

text: FGV

text: which

text: operates

text: the

text: Metrovalencia

text: and

text: other

text: rail

text: and

text: bus

text: services

text: The

text: Estació

text: del

text: Nord

text: North

text: Station

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: railway

text: terminus

text: in

text: Valencia

text: A

text: new

text: temporary

text: station

text: Estación

text: de

text: València

text: Joaquín

text: Sorolla

text: has

text: been

text: built

text: on

text: land

text: adjacent

text: to

text: this

text: terminus

text: to

text: accommodate

text: high

text: speed

text: AVE

text: trains

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: Madrid

text: Barcelona

text: Seville

text: and

text: Alicante

text: Valencia

text: Airport

text: is

text: situated

text: km

text: mi

text: west

text: of

text: Valencia

text: city

text: centre

text: Alicante

text: Airport

text: is

text: situated

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: south

text: of

text: Valencia

question: What airport is closest to Valencia?

answer: Valencia Airport

text: Valencia Airport

question: What airport is south of Valencia?

answer: Alicante Airport

text: Alicante Airport

question: What is the main train station in Valencia?

answer: Estació del Nord

text: Estació del Nord

question: What group runs Valencia's public transit?

answer: Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana

text: Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana

question: What station in Valencia was built for high-speed trains?

answer: Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla

text: Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla


text: In 2007, the USAF undertook a Reduction-in-Force (RIF). Because of budget constraints, the USAF planned to reduce the service's size from 360,000 active duty personnel to 316,000. The size of the active duty force in 2007 was roughly 64% of that of what the USAF was at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991. However, the reduction was ended at approximately 330,000 personnel in 2008 in order to meet the demand signal of combatant commanders and associated mission requirements. These same constraints have seen a sharp reduction in flight hours for crew training since 2005 and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Personnel directing Airmen's Time Assessments.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: In

text: the

text: USAF

text: undertook

text: a

text: Reduction

text: in

text: Force

text: RIF

text: Because

text: of

text: budget

text: constraints

text: the

text: USAF

text: planned

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: service

text: 's

text: size

text: from

text: active

text: duty

text: personnel

text: to

text: The

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: active

text: duty

text: force

text: in

text: was

text: roughly

text: of

text: that

text: of

text: what

text: the

text: USAF

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Gulf

text: War

text: in

text: However

text: the

text: reduction

text: was

text: ended

text: at

text: approximately

text: personnel

text: in

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: demand

text: signal

text: of

text: combatant

text: commanders

text: and

text: associated

text: mission

text: requirements

text: These

text: same

text: constraints

text: have

text: seen

text: a

text: sharp

text: reduction

text: in

text: flight

text: hours

text: for

text: crew

text: training

text: since

text: and

text: the

text: Deputy

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: for

text: Manpower

text: and

text: Personnel

text: directing

text: Airmen

text: 's

text: Time

text: Assessments

question: What year did the USAF take a Reduction-in-force?

answer: 2007

question: Why did the USAF plan to take a reduction-in-force?

answer: budget constraints

text: budget constraints

question: How many USAF personnel did the reduction end in during 2008?

answer: 330,000

question: What has there been a sharp reduction in during the years following 2005 in the USAF?

answer: flight hours for crew training

text: flight hours for crew training


text: Acting on State Secretary Acheson's recommendation, President Truman ordered General MacArthur to transfer matériel to the Army of the Republic of Korea while giving air cover to the evacuation of U.S. nationals. The President disagreed with advisers who recommended unilateral U.S. bombing of the North Korean forces, and ordered the US Seventh Fleet to protect the Republic of China (Taiwan), whose government asked to fight in Korea. The United States denied ROC's request for combat, lest it provoke a communist Chinese retaliation. Because the United States had sent the Seventh Fleet to "neutralize" the Taiwan Strait, Chinese premier Zhou Enlai criticized both the UN and U.S. initiatives as "armed aggression on Chinese territory."

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: Acting

text: on

text: State

text: Secretary

text: Acheson

text: 's

text: recommendation

text: President

text: Truman

text: ordered

text: General

text: MacArthur

text: to

text: transfer

text: matériel

text: to

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: while

text: giving

text: air

text: cover

text: to

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: U.S.

text: nationals

text: The

text: President

text: disagreed

text: with

text: advisers

text: who

text: recommended

text: unilateral

text: U.S.

text: bombing

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Korean

text: forces

text: and

text: ordered

text: the

text: US

text: Seventh

text: Fleet

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Taiwan

text: whose

text: government

text: asked

text: to

text: fight

text: in

text: Korea

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: denied

text: ROC

text: 's

text: request

text: for

text: combat

text: lest

text: it

text: provoke

text: a

text: communist

text: Chinese

text: retaliation

text: Because

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: had

text: sent

text: the

text: Seventh

text: Fleet

text: to

text: neutralize

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Strait

text: Chinese

text: premier

text: Zhou

text: Enlai

text: criticized

text: both

text: the

text: UN

text: and

text: U.S.

text: initiatives

text: as

text: armed

text: aggression

text: on

text: Chinese

text: territory

question: What general provided material to the Republic of Korea and evacuated US nationals?

answer: General MacArthur

text: General MacArthur

question: Who disagreed with the idea of unilaterally bombing the North Korean military?

answer: President Truman

text: President Truman

question: What fleet was sent to the Taiwan Strait?

answer: US Seventh Fleet

text: US Seventh Fleet

question: Fearing the provocation of Communist China, what country's request for combat troops did the US deny?

answer: Republic of China

text: Republic of China

question: Who is the Chinese premier that called the actions of the US and the United Nations an act of aggression?

answer: Zhou Enlai

text: Zhou Enlai


text: The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Financial

text: Crisis

text: Inquiry

text: Commission

text: reported

text: its

text: findings

text: in

text: January

text: It

text: concluded

text: that

text: the

text: crisis

text: was

text: avoidable

text: and

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: widespread

text: failures

text: in

text: financial

text: regulation

text: including

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: ’s

text: failure

text: to

text: stem

text: the

text: tide

text: of

text: toxic

text: mortgages

text: dramatic

text: breakdowns

text: in

text: corporate

text: governance

text: including

text: too

text: many

text: financial

text: firms

text: acting

text: recklessly

text: and

text: taking

text: on

text: too

text: much

text: risk

text: an

text: explosive

text: mix

text: of

text: excessive

text: borrowing

text: and

text: risk

text: by

text: households

text: and

text: Wall

text: Street

text: that

text: put

text: the

text: financial

text: system

text: on

text: a

text: collision

text: course

text: with

text: crisis

text: key

text: policy

text: makers

text: ill

text: prepared

text: for

text: the

text: crisis

text: lacking

text: a

text: full

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: financial

text: system

text: they

text: oversaw

text: and

text: systemic

text: breaches

text: in

text: accountability

text: and

text: ethics

text: at

text: all

text: levels

question: When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?

answer: January 2011

text: January 2011

question: What was one of  the conclusions of the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding the financial crisis of 2007?

answer: the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation

text: the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation

question: What agency failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages contributing to the financial crisis of 2007?

answer: Federal Reserve

text: Federal Reserve

question: Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?

answer: key policy makers

text: key policy makers

question: Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?

answer: financial firms

text: financial firms


text: In the years after World War II, the Japanese government also instituted a series of orthographic reforms. Some characters were given simplified forms called shinjitai 新字体 (lit. "new character forms", the older forms were then labelled the kyūjitai 旧字体, lit. "old character forms"). The number of characters in common use was restricted, and formal lists of characters to be learned during each grade of school were established, first the 1850-character tōyō kanji 当用漢字 list in 1945, the 1945-character jōyō kanji 常用漢字 list in 1981, and a 2136-character reformed version of the jōyō kanji in 2010. Many variant forms of characters and obscure alternatives for common characters were officially discouraged. This was done with the goal of facilitating learning for children and simplifying kanji use in literature and periodicals. These are simply guidelines, hence many characters outside these standards are still widely known and commonly used, especially those used for personal and place names (for the latter, see jinmeiyō kanji),[citation needed] as well as for some common words such as "dragon" (Japanese kana: たつ, Rōmaji: tatsu) in which both the shinjitai 竜 and the kyūjitai 龍 forms of the kanji are both acceptable and widely known amongst native Japanese speakers.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: also

text: instituted

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: orthographic

text: reforms

text: Some

text: characters

text: were

text: given

text: simplified

text: forms

text: called

text: shinjitai

text: 新字体

text: lit

text: new

text: character

text: forms

text: the

text: older

text: forms

text: were

text: then

text: labelled

text: the

text: kyūjitai

text: 旧字体

text: lit

text: old

text: character

text: forms

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: characters

text: in

text: common

text: use

text: was

text: restricted

text: and

text: formal

text: lists

text: of

text: characters

text: to

text: be

text: learned

text: during

text: each

text: grade

text: of

text: school

text: were

text: established

text: first

text: the

text: tōyō

text: kanji

text: 当用漢字

text: list

text: in

text: the

text: jōyō

text: kanji

text: 常用漢字

text: list

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: reformed

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: jōyō

text: kanji

text: in

text: Many

text: variant

text: forms

text: of

text: characters

text: and

text: obscure

text: alternatives

text: for

text: common

text: characters

text: were

text: officially

text: discouraged

text: This

text: was

text: done

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: facilitating

text: learning

text: for

text: children

text: and

text: simplifying

text: kanji

text: use

text: in

text: literature

text: and

text: periodicals

text: These

text: are

text: simply

text: guidelines

text: hence

text: many

text: characters

text: outside

text: these

text: standards

text: are

text: still

text: widely

text: known

text: and

text: commonly

text: used

text: especially

text: those

text: used

text: for

text: personal

text: and

text: place

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: latter

text: see

text: jinmeiyō

text: kanji),[citation

text: needed

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: some

text: common

text: words

text: such

text: as

text: dragon

text: Japanese

text: kana

text: たつ

text: Rōmaji

text: tatsu

text: in

text: which

text: both

text: the

text: shinjitai

text: 竜

text: and

text: the

text: kyūjitai

text: 龍

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: kanji

text: are

text: both

text: acceptable

text: and

text: widely

text: known

text: amongst

text: native

text: Japanese

text: speakers

question: What did the Japanese government institute?

answer: series of orthographic reforms

text: series of orthographic reforms

question: What was restricted?

answer: The number of characters in common use

text: The number of characters in common use

question: When was the 2136 character reformed?

answer: 2010


text: Some insects use parthenogenesis, a process in which the female can reproduce and give birth without having the eggs fertilized by a male. Many aphids undergo a form of parthenogenesis, called cyclical parthenogenesis, in which they alternate between one or many generations of asexual and sexual reproduction. In summer, aphids are generally female and parthenogenetic; in the autumn, males may be produced for sexual reproduction. Other insects produced by parthenogenesis are bees, wasps and ants, in which they spawn males. However, overall, most individuals are female, which are produced by fertilization. The males are haploid and the females are diploid. More rarely, some insects display hermaphroditism, in which a given individual has both male and female reproductive organs.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Some

text: insects

text: use

text: parthenogenesis

text: a

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: female

text: can

text: reproduce

text: and

text: give

text: birth

text: without

text: having

text: the

text: eggs

text: fertilized

text: by

text: a

text: male

text: Many

text: aphids

text: undergo

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: parthenogenesis

text: called

text: cyclical

text: parthenogenesis

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: alternate

text: between

text: one

text: or

text: many

text: generations

text: of

text: asexual

text: and

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: In

text: summer

text: aphids

text: are

text: generally

text: female

text: and

text: parthenogenetic

text: in

text: the

text: autumn

text: males

text: may

text: be

text: produced

text: for

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: Other

text: insects

text: produced

text: by

text: parthenogenesis

text: are

text: bees

text: wasps

text: and

text: ants

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: spawn

text: males

text: However

text: overall

text: most

text: individuals

text: are

text: female

text: which

text: are

text: produced

text: by

text: fertilization

text: The

text: males

text: are

text: haploid

text: and

text: the

text: females

text: are

text: diploid

text: More

text: rarely

text: some

text: insects

text: display

text: hermaphroditism

text: in

text: which

text: a

text: given

text: individual

text: has

text: both

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: reproductive

text: organs

question: How many insects use parthenogenesis?

answer: Some

text: Some

question: GIving birth without fertilized eggs is called what?

answer: parthenogenesis

text: parthenogenesis

question: What usually partakes in a form of parthenogenesis?

answer: aphids

text: aphids

question: Aphis have asexual and sexual what?

answer: reproduction

text: reproduction

question: Aphis are usually female and what else during the summer?

answer: parthenogenetic

text: parthenogenetic


text: In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, both houses of Congress passed measures reaffirming their support for the pledge, and condemning the panel's ruling. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, where the case was ultimately overturned in June 2004, solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue. Rather, a five-justice majority held that Newdow, a non-custodial parent suing on behalf of his daughter, lacked standing to sue.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: In

text: a

text: three

text: judge

text: panel

text: on

text: the

text: Ninth

text: Circuit

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeals

text: held

text: that

text: classroom

text: recitation

text: of

text: the

text: Pledge

text: of

text: Allegiance

text: in

text: a

text: California

text: public

text: school

text: was

text: unconstitutional

text: even

text: when

text: students

text: were

text: not

text: compelled

text: to

text: recite

text: it

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: the

text: phrase

text: under

text: God

text: In

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: case

text: Elk

text: Grove

text: Unified

text: School

text: District

text: v.

text: Newdow

text: both

text: houses

text: of

text: Congress

text: passed

text: measures

text: reaffirming

text: their

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: pledge

text: and

text: condemning

text: the

text: panel

text: 's

text: ruling

text: The

text: case

text: was

text: appealed

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: where

text: the

text: case

text: was

text: ultimately

text: overturned

text: in

text: June

text: solely

text: on

text: procedural

text: grounds

text: not

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: substantive

text: constitutional

text: issue

text: Rather

text: a

text: five

text: justice

text: majority

text: held

text: that

text: Newdow

text: a

text: non

text: custodial

text: parent

text: suing

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: his

text: daughter

text: lacked

text: standing

text: to

text: sue

question: How many judges were on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional?

answer: three

text: three

question: When did the three judge panel make their ruling?

answer: 2002

question: What did both houses of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?

answer: the Pledge of Allegiance

text: the Pledge of Allegiance

question: Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow overturned?

answer: procedural grounds

text: procedural grounds

question: What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked?

answer: standing to sue

text: standing to sue

question: How many judges weren't on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional?

text: three

question: When did the three judge panel fail to make their ruling?

question: What did neither house of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?

text: Pledge of Allegiance

question: Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow not overturned?

text: procedural grounds

question: What did the six-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked?

text: standing to sue


text: Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Some

text: applications

text: standardize

text: on

text: UTC

text: to

text: avoid

text: problems

text: with

text: clock

text: shifts

text: and

text: time

text: zone

text: differences

text: Likewise

text: most

text: modern

text: operating

text: systems

text: internally

text: handle

text: and

text: store

text: all

text: times

text: as

text: UTC

text: and

text: only

text: convert

text: to

text: local

text: time

text: for

text: display

question: What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes?

answer: UTC

text: UTC

question: By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor?

answer: time zone differences

text: time zone differences

question: In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?

answer: operating systems

text: operating systems

question: Where do computers usually use UTC?

answer: internally

text: internally

question: What time would a computer probably use for the clock display?

answer: local time

text: local time


text: This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity. It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insurances and providers of repo funding). With increasing distance from the underlying asset these actors relied more and more on indirect information (including FICO scores on creditworthiness, appraisals and due diligence checks by third party organizations, and most importantly the computer models of rating agencies and risk management desks). Instead of spreading risk this provided the ground for fraudulent acts, misjudgments and finally market collapse. In 2005 a group of computer scientists built a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies, which turned out to be adequate to what actually happened in 2006–2008.[citation needed]

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: This

text: boom

text: in

text: innovative

text: financial

text: products

text: went

text: hand

text: in

text: hand

text: with

text: more

text: complexity

text: It

text: multiplied

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: actors

text: connected

text: to

text: a

text: single

text: mortgage

text: including

text: mortgage

text: brokers

text: specialized

text: originators

text: the

text: securitizers

text: and

text: their

text: due

text: diligence

text: firms

text: managing

text: agents

text: and

text: trading

text: desks

text: and

text: finally

text: investors

text: insurances

text: and

text: providers

text: of

text: repo

text: funding

text: With

text: increasing

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: underlying

text: asset

text: these

text: actors

text: relied

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: on

text: indirect

text: information

text: including

text: FICO

text: scores

text: on

text: creditworthiness

text: appraisals

text: and

text: due

text: diligence

text: checks

text: by

text: third

text: party

text: organizations

text: and

text: most

text: importantly

text: the

text: computer

text: models

text: of

text: rating

text: agencies

text: and

text: risk

text: management

text: desks

text: Instead

text: of

text: spreading

text: risk

text: this

text: provided

text: the

text: ground

text: for

text: fraudulent

text: acts

text: misjudgments

text: and

text: finally

text: market

text: collapse

text: In

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: computer

text: scientists

text: built

text: a

text: computational

text: model

text: for

text: the

text: mechanism

text: of

text: biased

text: ratings

text: produced

text: by

text: rating

text: agencies

text: which

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: adequate

text: to

text: what

text: actually

text: happened

text: in

text: needed

question: Which products created more complexity in the financial markets?

answer: innovative financial products

text: innovative financial products

question: What effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage?

answer: multiplied the number of actors connected

text: multiplied the number of actors connected

question: What did institutions rely more on as increasing distance from underlying assets occurred?

answer: indirect information

text: indirect information

question: What is a type of indirect information that financial institutions and investors used to judge the risk?

answer: computer models of rating agencies

text: computer models of rating agencies

question: In what year did a group of computer scientists build a model for ratings produced by rating agencies that turned out to be accurate for what happened in 2006-2008?

answer: 2005


text: The great Navicella mosaic (1305–1313) in the atrium of the Old St. Peter's is attributed to Giotto di Bondone. The giant mosaic, commissioned by Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi, was originally situated on the eastern porch of the old basilica and occupied the whole wall above the entrance arcade facing the courtyard. It depicted St. Peter walking on the waters. This extraordinary work was mainly destroyed during the construction of the new St. Peter's in the 17th century. Navicella means "little ship" referring to the large boat which dominated the scene, and whose sail, filled by the storm, loomed over the horizon. Such a natural representation of a seascape was known only from ancient works of art.

title: Mosaic

title: Mosaic

text: The

text: great

text: Navicella

text: mosaic

text: in

text: the

text: atrium

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: St.

text: Peter

text: 's

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: Giotto

text: di

text: Bondone

text: The

text: giant

text: mosaic

text: commissioned

text: by

text: Cardinal

text: Jacopo

text: Stefaneschi

text: was

text: originally

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: porch

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: basilica

text: and

text: occupied

text: the

text: whole

text: wall

text: above

text: the

text: entrance

text: arcade

text: facing

text: the

text: courtyard

text: It

text: depicted

text: St.

text: Peter

text: walking

text: on

text: the

text: waters

text: This

text: extraordinary

text: work

text: was

text: mainly

text: destroyed

text: during

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: St.

text: Peter

text: 's

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Navicella

text: means

text: little

text: ship

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: large

text: boat

text: which

text: dominated

text: the

text: scene

text: and

text: whose

text: sail

text: filled

text: by

text: the

text: storm

text: loomed

text: over

text: the

text: horizon

text: Such

text: a

text: natural

text: representation

text: of

text: a

text: seascape

text: was

text: known

text: only

text: from

text: ancient

text: works

text: of

text: art

question: Who created the Navicella mosaic in the Old St. Peter's church?

answer: Giotto di Bondone

text: Giotto di Bondone

question: Who commissioned the Navicella mosaic?

answer: Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi

text: Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi

question: Who did the navicella mosaic depict walking on water?

answer: St. Peter

text: St. Peter

question: What century was the majority of the Navicella mosaic destroyed?

answer: the 17th

text: the 17th

question: Navicella means what in Italian?

answer: "little ship"

text: "little ship"


text: Hyderabad was historically known as a pearl and diamond trading centre, and it continues to be known as the City of Pearls. Many of the city's traditional bazaars, including Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar, have remained open for centuries. However, industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian manufacturing, research and financial institutions, including Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, the National Geophysical Research Institute and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology. Special economic zones dedicated to information technology have encouraged companies from across India and around the world to set up operations and the emergence of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the 1990s led to the area's naming as India's "Genome Valley". With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India's overall gross domestic product.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabad

text: was

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: pearl

text: and

text: diamond

text: trading

text: centre

text: and

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Pearls

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: traditional

text: bazaars

text: including

text: Laad

text: Bazaar

text: Begum

text: Bazaar

text: and

text: Sultan

text: Bazaar

text: have

text: remained

text: open

text: for

text: centuries

text: However

text: industrialisation

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: attracted

text: major

text: Indian

text: manufacturing

text: research

text: and

text: financial

text: institutions

text: including

text: Bharat

text: Heavy

text: Electricals

text: Limited

text: the

text: National

text: Geophysical

text: Research

text: Institute

text: and

text: the

text: Centre

text: for

text: Cellular

text: and

text: Molecular

text: Biology

text: Special

text: economic

text: zones

text: dedicated

text: to

text: information

text: technology

text: have

text: encouraged

text: companies

text: from

text: across

text: India

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: operations

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: pharmaceutical

text: and

text: biotechnology

text: industries

text: in

text: the

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: naming

text: as

text: India

text: 's

text: Genome

text: Valley

text: With

text: an

text: output

text: of

text: US$

text: billion

text: Hyderabad

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: contributor

text: to

text: India

text: 's

text: overall

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

question: What items had been historically traded in Hyderabad?

answer: pearl and diamond

text: pearl and diamond

question: What is a nickname for Hyderabad?

answer: City of Pearls

text: City of Pearls

question: What are three historic bazaars in Hyderabad?

answer: Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar

text: Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar

question: What is the economic output of Hyderabad?

answer: US$74 billion

text: US$74 billion

question: What is the rank of Hyderabad among cities contributing to India's GDP?

answer: fifth-largest

text: fifth-largest


text: Flights are available from most countries, though direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines. According to Eleven magazine, "In the past, there were only 15 international airlines and increasing numbers of airlines have began launching direct flights from Japan, Qatar, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany and Singapore." Expansions were expected in September 2013, but yet again are mainly Thai and other Asian-based airlines according to Eleven Media Group's Eleven, "Thailand-based Nok Air and Business Airlines and Singapore-based Tiger Airline".

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Flights

text: are

text: available

text: from

text: most

text: countries

text: though

text: direct

text: flights

text: are

text: limited

text: to

text: mainly

text: Thai

text: and

text: other

text: ASEAN

text: airlines

text: According

text: to

text: Eleven

text: magazine

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: there

text: were

text: only

text: international

text: airlines

text: and

text: increasing

text: numbers

text: of

text: airlines

text: have

text: began

text: launching

text: direct

text: flights

text: from

text: Japan

text: Qatar

text: Taiwan

text: South

text: Korea

text: Germany

text: and

text: Singapore

text: Expansions

text: were

text: expected

text: in

text: September

text: but

text: yet

text: again

text: are

text: mainly

text: Thai

text: and

text: other

text: Asian

text: based

text: airlines

text: according

text: to

text: Eleven

text: Media

text: Group

text: 's

text: Eleven

text: Thailand

text: based

text: Nok

text: Air

text: and

text: Business

text: Airlines

text: and

text: Singapore

text: based

text: Tiger

text: Airline

question: Can one travel by plane from any country in Myanmar ?

answer: Flights are available from most countries

text: Flights are available from most countries

question: Is there anyway to decrease travel time in getting to Myanmar ?

answer: direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines

text: direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines

question: Has the travel industry considered making changes to fight plans for Myanmar ?

answer: 5 international airlines and increasing numbers of airlines have began launching direct flights from Japan, Qatar, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany and Singapore.

text: 5 international airlines and increasing numbers of airlines have began launching direct flights from Japan, Qatar, Taiwan, South Korea, Germany and Singapore.

question: What airlines travel to Myanmar that currently has development plans towards expanding ?

answer: Thailand-based Nok Air and Business Airlines and Singapore-based Tiger Airline".

text: Thailand-based Nok Air and Business Airlines and Singapore-based Tiger Airline".


text: In May 2014, the Government of China banned the internal purchase of Windows 8-based products under government contracts requiring "energy-efficient" devices. The Xinhua News Agency claimed that Windows 8 was being banned in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP (which, as of January 2014, had a market share of 49% in China), as the government "obviously cannot ignore the risks of running OS [sic] without guaranteed technical support." However, Ni Guangnan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had also previously warned that Windows 8 could allegedly expose users to surveillance by the United States government due to its heavy use of internet-based services.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: In

text: May

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: China

text: banned

text: the

text: internal

text: purchase

text: of

text: Windows

text: products

text: under

text: government

text: contracts

text: requiring

text: energy

text: efficient

text: devices

text: The

text: Xinhua

text: News

text: Agency

text: claimed

text: that

text: Windows

text: was

text: being

text: banned

text: in

text: protest

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: support

text: lifecycle

text: policy

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: support

text: for

text: Windows

text: XP

text: which

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: had

text: a

text: market

text: share

text: of

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: the

text: government

text: obviously

text: can

text: not

text: ignore

text: the

text: risks

text: of

text: running

text: OS

text: sic

text: without

text: guaranteed

text: technical

text: support

text: However

text: Ni

text: Guangnan

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: had

text: also

text: previously

text: warned

text: that

text: Windows

text: could

text: allegedly

text: expose

text: users

text: to

text: surveillance

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: heavy

text: use

text: of

text: internet

text: based

text: services

question: When did the Chinese government ban the purchase of Windows 8 products?

answer: May 2014

text: May 2014

question: Why did the Chinese government ban Windows 8 based products?

answer: in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP

text: in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP

question: What market share did Windows XP have in Chine?

answer: 49%

question: Who claimed that the Windows 8 would allow the US Government to spy on its users?

answer: Ni Guangnan

text: Ni Guangnan

question: When did the Chinese government approve the purchase of Windows 8 products?

text: May 2014

question: When did the Chinese government ban the purchase of Windows 9 products?

text: May 2014

question: Why did the Chinese government ban Windows 9 based products?

question: What market share did Windows PX have in China?

question: Who claimed that the Windows 9 would allow the US Government to spy on its users?

text: Ni Guangnan


text: At the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued development of the region and benefitted from influxes of refugees fleeing the turmoil in northern China. Industrial kilns were established and trade reached as far as Manchuria and Funan (south Vietnam).

title: Zhejiang

title: Zhejiang

text: At

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: era

text: CE

text: Zhejiang

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: warlords

text: Yan

text: Baihu

text: and

text: Wang

text: Lang

text: prior

text: to

text: their

text: defeat

text: by

text: Sun

text: Ce

text: and

text: Sun

text: Quan

text: who

text: eventually

text: established

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Wu

text: Despite

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: their

text: court

text: from

text: Kuaiji

text: to

text: Jianye

text: present

text: day

text: Nanjing

text: they

text: continued

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: and

text: benefitted

text: from

text: influxes

text: of

text: refugees

text: fleeing

text: the

text: turmoil

text: in

text: northern

text: China

text: Industrial

text: kilns

text: were

text: established

text: and

text: trade

text: reached

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: Funan

text: south

text: Vietnam

question: When was the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era?

answer: 220–280 CE

text: 220–280 CE

question: What was home to the warlord Yan Baihu?

answer: Zhejiang

text: Zhejiang

question: What kingdom did Sun Ce and Sun Quan eventually establish?

answer: the Kingdom of Wu

text: the Kingdom of Wu

question: Where was their court in Kuaiji removed to?

answer: Jianye

text: Jianye

question: Along with Manchuria, where did trade reach as far as?

answer: Funan

text: Funan

question: When was the end of the Three Kingdoms era?

text: 220–280 CE

question: What wasn't home to the warlord Yan Baihu?

text: Zhejiang

question: What kingdom did Sun Ce and Sun Quan never establish?

text: Kingdom of Wu

question: Where was their court in Kuaiji demolished?

text: Jianye

question: Along with Manchuria, where did trade never go to?

text: Funan


text: The Gorton Government increased funding for the arts, setting up the Australian Council for the Arts, the Australian Film Development Corporation and the National Film and Television Training School. The Gorton Government passed legislation establishing equal pay for men and women and increased pensions, allowances and education scholarships, as well as providing free health care to 250,000 of the nation's poor (but not universal health care). Gorton's government kept Australia in the Vietnam War but stopped replacing troops at the end of 1970.

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia

text: The

text: Gorton

text: Government

text: increased

text: funding

text: for

text: the

text: arts

text: setting

text: up

text: the

text: Australian

text: Council

text: for

text: the

text: Arts

text: the

text: Australian

text: Film

text: Development

text: Corporation

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: and

text: Television

text: Training

text: School

text: The

text: Gorton

text: Government

text: passed

text: legislation

text: establishing

text: equal

text: pay

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: and

text: increased

text: pensions

text: allowances

text: and

text: education

text: scholarships

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: providing

text: free

text: health

text: care

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: poor

text: but

text: not

text: universal

text: health

text: care

text: Gorton

text: 's

text: government

text: kept

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: but

text: stopped

text: replacing

text: troops

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

question: Which government put an emphasis in supporting the arts?

answer: The Gorton Government

text: The Gorton Government

question: Which government established equal pay for men and women?

answer: The Gorton Government

text: The Gorton Government

question: What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troups in Vietnam?

answer: end of 1970

text: end of 1970

question: Which government put an emphasis in supporting free film?

text: The Gorton Government

question: Which government established equal school for men and women?

text: The Gorton Government

question: What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troops in Australia?

text: end of 1970

question: Who increased funding for corporations?

text: The Gorton Government

question: How many of the nations poor were provided education scholarships?


text: The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: The

text: goalkeepers

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: players

text: allowed

text: to

text: touch

text: the

text: ball

text: with

text: their

text: hands

text: or

text: arms

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: play

text: and

text: only

text: in

text: their

text: penalty

text: area

text: Outfield

text: players

text: mostly

text: use

text: their

text: feet

text: to

text: strike

text: or

text: pass

text: the

text: ball

text: but

text: may

text: also

text: use

text: their

text: head

text: or

text: torso

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: instead

text: The

text: team

text: that

text: scores

text: the

text: most

text: goals

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: match

text: wins

text: If

text: the

text: score

text: is

text: level

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: either

text: a

text: draw

text: is

text: declared

text: or

text: the

text: game

text: goes

text: into

text: extra

text: time

text: and/or

text: a

text: penalty

text: shootout

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: format

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: The

text: Laws

text: of

text: the

text: Game

text: were

text: originally

text: codified

text: in

text: England

text: by

text: The

text: Football

text: Association

text: in

text: Association

text: football

text: is

text: governed

text: internationally

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Federation

text: of

text: Association

text: Football

text: FIFA

text: French

text: Fédération

text: Internationale

text: de

text: Football

text: Association

text: which

text: organises

text: World

text: Cups

text: for

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: every

text: four

text: years

question: What year did the Football Association arrange The Laws of the Game?

answer: 1863

question: Who Organizes the World Cups?

answer: International Federation of Association Football

text: International Federation of Association Football

question: About how many years between World Cups?

answer: four

text: four

question: What country did the Laws of the Game come from?

answer: England

text: England

question: Who are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands?

answer: goalkeepers

text: goalkeepers

question: What country was the Laws of the Game banned from?

text: England

question: What year did the Football Association remove The Laws of the Game?

question: Who never organizes the World Cups?

question: About how many years long are World Cups?

text: four

question: Who are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their feet?

text: goalkeepers


text: The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake, measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw, and occurred at 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time at epicenter (06:28:01 UTC) on May 12 in Sichuan province, killed 69,197 people and left 18,222 missing.

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake

text: The

text: Sichuan

text: earthquake

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: Sichuan

text: earthquake

text: measured

text: at

text: Ms

text: and

text: Mw

text: and

text: occurred

text: at

text: PM

text: China

text: Standard

text: Time

text: at

text: epicenter

text: UTC

text: on

text: May

text: in

text: Sichuan

text: province

text: killed

text: people

text: and

text: left

text: missing

question: In what year did the earthquake in Sichuan occur?

answer: 2008

question: What was the earthquake named?

answer: the Great Sichuan earthquake

text: the Great Sichuan earthquake

question: How many people were killed as a result?

answer: 69,197

question: What year did the Sichuan earthquake take place?

answer: 2008

question: What did the quake measure?

answer: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw

text: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw

question: What day did the earthquake occur?

answer: May 12

text: May 12

question: What time of the day did the quake happen?

answer: 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time

text: 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time

question: How many people died?

answer: 69,197


text: In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed by either the military or consumer broadcasting.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: In

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: developed

text: Тransformator

text: Russian

text: Трансформатор

text: meaning

text: Transformer

text: the

text: first

text: high

text: resolution

text: definition

text: television

text: system

text: capable

text: of

text: producing

text: an

text: image

text: composed

text: of

text: lines

text: of

text: resolution

text: aimed

text: at

text: providing

text: teleconferencing

text: for

text: military

text: command

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: research

text: project

text: and

text: the

text: system

text: was

text: never

text: deployed

text: by

text: either

text: the

text: military

text: or

text: consumer

text: broadcasting

question: In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?

answer: a research project

text: a research project

question: When did the Soviet Union develop Transformator?

answer: 1958

question: Who developed Transformator in 1958?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator system have?

answer: 1,125

question: What was the goal of the Transformator system?

answer: providing teleconferencing for military command

text: providing teleconferencing for military command

question: In the end what was the Non-Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?

text: research project

question: When did the Soviet Union not develop Transformator?

question: Who developed Transformator in 1988?

text: Soviet Union

question: How many lines of resolution could an image using the Transformator never system have?

question: What was the goal of the non-Transformator system?


text: The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections. One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it and the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal. However, immediately following the elections, the government ended the house arrest of the democracy advocate and leader of the National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, and her ability to move freely around the country is considered an important test of the military's movement toward more openness. After unexpected reforms in 2011, NLD senior leaders have decided to register as a political party and to field candidates in future by-elections.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: elections

text: of

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: backed

text: Union

text: Solidarity

text: and

text: Development

text: Party

text: Various

text: foreign

text: observers

text: questioned

text: the

text: fairness

text: of

text: the

text: elections

text: One

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: election

text: was

text: that

text: only

text: government

text: sanctioned

text: political

text: parties

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: contest

text: in

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: popular

text: National

text: League

text: for

text: Democracy

text: was

text: declared

text: illegal

text: However

text: immediately

text: following

text: the

text: elections

text: the

text: government

text: ended

text: the

text: house

text: arrest

text: of

text: the

text: democracy

text: advocate

text: and

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: for

text: Democracy

text: Aung

text: San

text: Suu

text: Kyi

text: and

text: her

text: ability

text: to

text: move

text: freely

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: important

text: test

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: 's

text: movement

text: toward

text: more

text: openness

text: After

text: unexpected

text: reforms

text: in

text: NLD

text: senior

text: leaders

text: have

text: decided

text: to

text: register

text: as

text: a

text: political

text: party

text: and

text: to

text: field

text: candidates

text: in

text: future

text: by

text: elections

question: What was the name of the winning unit in the 2010 elections in Burma ?

answer: The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party

text: The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party

question: Were the elections held in an unbiased manner Burma in 2010 ?

answer: Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections.

text: Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections.

question: What were some of the opinions foreign advisers stated about the Burma 2010 elections ?

answer: One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it

text: One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it

question: What was the Burmese official decision concerning the legitimacy of National League for Democracy in 2010 ?

answer: the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal

text: the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal


text: Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth. These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: Other

text: Armenian

text: diasporans

text: that

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: classical

text: or

text: international

text: music

text: circles

text: are

text: world

text: renowned

text: French

text: Armenian

text: singer

text: and

text: composer

text: Charles

text: Aznavour

text: pianist

text: Sahan

text: Arzruni

text: prominent

text: opera

text: sopranos

text: such

text: as

text: Hasmik

text: Papian

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: Isabel

text: Bayrakdarian

text: and

text: Anna

text: Kasyan

text: Certain

text: Armenians

text: settled

text: to

text: sing

text: non

text: Armenian

text: tunes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: heavy

text: metal

text: band

text: System

text: of

text: a

text: Down

text: which

text: nonetheless

text: often

text: incorporates

text: traditional

text: Armenian

text: instrumentals

text: and

text: styling

text: into

text: their

text: songs

text: or

text: pop

text: star

text: Cher

text: In

text: the

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: Armenian

text: revolutionary

text: songs

text: are

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: youth

text: These

text: songs

text: encourage

text: Armenian

text: patriotism

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: about

text: Armenian

text: history

text: and

text: national

text: heroes

question: What type of musician is Sahan Arzruni?

answer: pianist

text: pianist

question: What type of band was System of a Down?

answer: heavy metal

text: heavy metal

question: What type of songs do armenian youth prefer?

answer: Armenian revolutionary songs

text: Armenian revolutionary songs

question: What topics do armenian revolutionary songs usually encompass?

answer: Armenian history and national heroes

text: Armenian history and national heroes


text: According to Sahih al-Bukhari, the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis, and discussed by Christians and Jews, before it was standardized. Its language was similar to the Syriac language.[citation needed] The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in Jewish and Christian sacred books (Tanakh, Bible) and devotional literature (Apocrypha, Midrash), although it differs in many details. Adam, Enoch, Noah, Eber, Shelah, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Jethro, David, Solomon, Elijah, Elisha, Jonah, Aaron, Moses, Zechariah, John the Baptist and Jesus are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God (see Prophets of Islam). In fact, Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual. Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad, while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament. Muslims believe the common elements or resemblances between the Bible and other Jewish and Christian writings and Islamic dispensations is due to their common divine source,[citation needed] and that the original Christian or Jewish texts were authentic divine revelations given to prophets.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: According

text: to

text: Sahih

text: al

text: Bukhari

text: the

text: Quran

text: was

text: recited

text: among

text: Levantines

text: and

text: Iraqis

text: and

text: discussed

text: by

text: Christians

text: and

text: Jews

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: standardized

text: Its

text: language

text: was

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Syriac

text: language.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: Quran

text: recounts

text: stories

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: and

text: events

text: recounted

text: in

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Christian

text: sacred

text: books

text: Tanakh

text: Bible

text: and

text: devotional

text: literature

text: Apocrypha

text: Midrash

text: although

text: it

text: differs

text: in

text: many

text: details

text: Adam

text: Enoch

text: Noah

text: Eber

text: Shelah

text: Abraham

text: Lot

text: Ishmael

text: Isaac

text: Jacob

text: Joseph

text: Job

text: Jethro

text: David

text: Solomon

text: Elijah

text: Elisha

text: Jonah

text: Aaron

text: Moses

text: Zechariah

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: and

text: Jesus

text: are

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: as

text: prophets

text: of

text: God

text: see

text: Prophets

text: of

text: Islam

text: In

text: fact

text: Moses

text: is

text: mentioned

text: more

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: individual

text: Jesus

text: is

text: mentioned

text: more

text: often

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: than

text: Muhammad

text: while

text: Mary

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: more

text: than

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: Muslims

text: believe

text: the

text: common

text: elements

text: or

text: resemblances

text: between

text: the

text: Bible

text: and

text: other

text: Jewish

text: and

text: Christian

text: writings

text: and

text: Islamic

text: dispensations

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: common

text: divine

text: source,[citation

text: needed

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: original

text: Christian

text: or

text: Jewish

text: texts

text: were

text: authentic

text: divine

text: revelations

text: given

text: to

text: prophets

question: Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran?

answer: Moses

text: Moses

question: Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?

answer: Sahih al-Bukhari

text: Sahih al-Bukhari

question: Which older language is thought to strongly resemble that of the Quran?

answer: Syriac

text: Syriac

question: Which relative of Jesus appears more often in the Quran than the New Testament?

answer: Mary

text: Mary

question: What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for the overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?

answer: common divine source

text: common divine source

question: Which Biblical character is the least often mentioned person in the Quran?

text: Moses

question: Who hasn't claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?

text: Sahih al-Bukhari

question: Which older language is thought to weakly resemble that of the Quran?

text: Syriac

question: Which relative of Jesus appears less often in the Quran than the New Testament?

text: Mary

question: What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for no overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?

text: common divine source


text: The U.S. dollar was created by the Constitution and defined by the Coinage Act of 1792. It specified a "dollar" to be based in the Spanish milled dollar and of 371 grains and 4 sixteenths part of a grain of pure or 416 grains (27.0 g) of standard silver and an "eagle" to be 247 and 4 eighths of a grain or 270 grains (17 g) of gold (again depending on purity). The choice of the value 371 grains arose from Alexander Hamilton's decision to base the new American unit on the average weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. Hamilton got the treasury to weigh a sample of Spanish dollars and the average weight came out to be 371 grains. A new Spanish dollar was usually about 377 grains in weight, and so the new U.S. dollar was at a slight discount in relation to the Spanish dollar.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: The

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: Constitution

text: and

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Coinage

text: Act

text: of

text: It

text: specified

text: a

text: dollar

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Spanish

text: milled

text: dollar

text: and

text: of

text: grains

text: and

text: sixteenths

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: grain

text: of

text: pure

text: or

text: grains

text: g

text: of

text: standard

text: silver

text: and

text: an

text: eagle

text: to

text: be

text: and

text: eighths

text: of

text: a

text: grain

text: or

text: grains

text: g

text: of

text: gold

text: again

text: depending

text: on

text: purity

text: The

text: choice

text: of

text: the

text: value

text: grains

text: arose

text: from

text: Alexander

text: Hamilton

text: 's

text: decision

text: to

text: base

text: the

text: new

text: American

text: unit

text: on

text: the

text: average

text: weight

text: of

text: a

text: selection

text: of

text: worn

text: Spanish

text: dollars

text: Hamilton

text: got

text: the

text: treasury

text: to

text: weigh

text: a

text: sample

text: of

text: Spanish

text: dollars

text: and

text: the

text: average

text: weight

text: came

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: grains

text: A

text: new

text: Spanish

text: dollar

text: was

text: usually

text: about

text: grains

text: in

text: weight

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: new

text: U.S.

text: dollar

text: was

text: at

text: a

text: slight

text: discount

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: dollar

question: What defined the US dollar?

answer: Coinage Act of 1792

text: Coinage Act of 1792

question: What was the dollar based on?

answer: the Spanish milled dollar

text: the Spanish milled dollar

question: How many grams of gold roughly were in an eagle?

answer: 17

question: Who made the decision to base the American Unit on the weight on the Spanish dollar?

answer: Alexander Hamilton

text: Alexander Hamilton

question: What was the average weight of a new Spanish dollar in terms of grains?

answer: 377

question: What defined the Hamilton?

text: Coinage Act of 1792

question: What was the Hamilton based on?

text: the Spanish milled dollar

question: How many grams did an eagle weigh?

question: Who made the decision to base the Hamilton Unit on the weight of the Spanish dollar?

text: Alexander Hamilton

question: What was the average weight of the Hamilton in grains?


text: Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to the pilot (hence the nickname). From the late 1950s onward, visual landing aids such as Optical Landing System have provided information on proper glide slope, but LSOs still transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio.

title: Aircraft_carrier

title: Aircraft_carrier

text: Conventional

text: tailhook

text: aircraft

text: rely

text: upon

text: a

text: landing

text: signal

text: officer

text: LSO

text: radio

text: call

text: sign

text: paddles

text: to

text: monitor

text: the

text: aircraft

text: 's

text: approach

text: visually

text: gauge

text: glideslope

text: attitude

text: and

text: airspeed

text: and

text: transmit

text: that

text: data

text: to

text: the

text: pilot

text: Before

text: the

text: angled

text: deck

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: LSOs

text: used

text: colored

text: paddles

text: to

text: signal

text: corrections

text: to

text: the

text: pilot

text: hence

text: the

text: nickname

text: From

text: the

text: late

text: onward

text: visual

text: landing

text: aids

text: such

text: as

text: Optical

text: Landing

text: System

text: have

text: provided

text: information

text: on

text: proper

text: glide

text: slope

text: but

text: LSOs

text: still

text: transmit

text: voice

text: calls

text: to

text: approaching

text: pilots

text: by

text: radio

question: What does LSO stand for?

answer: landing signal officer

text: landing signal officer

question: Who does a conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot?

answer: a landing signal officer

text: a landing signal officer

question: What did LSO's use to signal corrections to the pilot prior to the angled deck designs introduced in the 1950's?

answer: colored paddles

text: colored paddles

question: Which visual landing aids have provided information on proper glide slope since the late 1950's?

answer: Optical Landing System

text: Optical Landing System

question: What are LSO's still being used to do?

answer: transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio

text: transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio

question: What does OSL stand for?

text: landing signal officer

question: Who does a non-conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot?

text: a landing signal officer

question: What did LSO's use to signal corrections to the pilot prior to the angled deck designs introduced in the 1960's?

text: colored paddles

question: Which visual landing aids have provided information on proper glide slope since the late 1940's?

text: Optical Landing System

question: What are LSO's no longer being used to do?


text: President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: President

text: Juárez

text: once

text: again

text: based

text: his

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: and

text: it

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: resistance

text: against

text: the

text: French

text: invasion

text: throughout

text: Mexico

text: On

text: March

text: a

text: battle

text: ensued

text: in

text: the

text: Plaza

text: de

text: Armas

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: between

text: the

text: French

text: imperial

text: forces

text: that

text: were

text: guarding

text: the

text: plaza

text: and

text: the

text: Republican

text: forces

text: led

text: by

text: General

text: Terrazas

text: Being

text: completely

text: caught

text: off

text: guard

text: the

text: French

text: imperial

text: forces

text: sought

text: refuge

text: by

text: bunkering

text: themselves

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: Regla

text: and

text: St

text: Fancis

text: of

text: Assisi

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: almost

text: impossible

text: to

text: penetrate

text: their

text: defenses

text: General

text: Terrazas

text: then

text: decided

text: to

text: fire

text: a

text: heavy

text: artillery

text: barrage

text: with

text: kg

text: cannonballs

text: The

text: first

text: cannon

text: fired

text: hit

text: a

text: bell

text: in

text: the

text: tower

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: instantly

text: breaking

text: it

text: in

text: half

text: soon

text: after

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: imperial

text: army

text: forces

text: surrendered

text: The

text: republican

text: forces

text: had

text: recovered

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: The

text: bell

text: in

text: the

text: church

text: was

text: declared

text: a

text: historical

text: monument

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: today

text: in

text: the

text: Cathedral

text: By

text: April

text: the

text: state

text: government

text: had

text: established

text: a

text: vital

text: trading

text: route

text: from

text: Chihuahua

text: City

text: to

text: San

text: Antonio

text: Texas

text: the

text: government

text: began

text: to

text: replenish

text: their

text: supplies

text: and

text: reinforce

text: their

text: fight

text: against

text: the

text: Imperial

text: forces

question: Juarez again based his government in which state?

answer: Chihuahua

text: Chihuahua

question: The base served as the center for the resistance against whose invasion?

answer: the French invasion

text: the French invasion

question: On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued where in Chihuahua City?

answer: Plaza de Armas

text: Plaza de Armas

question: Who decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs?

answer: General Terrazas

text: General Terrazas

question: Which structure in the church became a historical monument?

answer: The bell

text: The bell


text: Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: Nasser

text: remains

text: an

text: iconic

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: particularly

text: for

text: his

text: strides

text: towards

text: social

text: justice

text: and

text: Arab

text: unity

text: modernization

text: policies

text: and

text: anti

text: imperialist

text: efforts

text: His

text: presidency

text: also

text: encouraged

text: and

text: coincided

text: with

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: cultural

text: boom

text: and

text: launched

text: large

text: industrial

text: projects

text: including

text: the

text: Aswan

text: Dam

text: and

text: Helwan

text: City

text: Nasser

text: 's

text: detractors

text: criticize

text: his

text: authoritarianism

text: his

text: government

text: 's

text: human

text: rights

text: violations

text: his

text: populist

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: citizenry

text: and

text: his

text: failure

text: to

text: establish

text: civil

text: institutions

text: blaming

text: his

text: legacy

text: for

text: future

text: dictatorial

text: governance

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Historians

text: describe

text: Nasser

text: as

text: a

text: towering

text: political

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: Name two infrastructure projects Nasser spearheaded.

answer: Aswan Dam and Helwan City

text: Aswan Dam and Helwan City

question: What century did Nasser rule in?

answer: 20th

question: What was nasser's position toward imperialism?

answer: anti-imperialist

text: anti-imperialist

question: How did Nasser's government deal with human rights?

answer: human rights violations

text: human rights violations


text: The nation's cadet team from Japan '93 produced some international players notably Nwankwo Kanu, a two-time African Footballer of the year who won the European Champions League with Ajax Amsterdam and later played with Inter Milan, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Portsmouth. Other players that graduated from the junior teams are Nduka Ugbade, Jonathan Akpoborie, Victor Ikpeba, Celestine Babayaro, Wilson Oruma and Taye Taiwo. Some other famous Nigerian footballers include John Obi Mikel, Obafemi Martins, Vincent Enyeama, Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Rashidi Yekini, Peter Odemwingie and Jay-Jay Okocha.

title: Nigeria

title: Nigeria

text: The

text: nation

text: 's

text: cadet

text: team

text: from

text: Japan

text: produced

text: some

text: international

text: players

text: notably

text: Nwankwo

text: Kanu

text: a

text: two

text: time

text: African

text: Footballer

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: European

text: Champions

text: League

text: with

text: Ajax

text: Amsterdam

text: and

text: later

text: played

text: with

text: Inter

text: Milan

text: Arsenal

text: West

text: Bromwich

text: Albion

text: and

text: Portsmouth

text: Other

text: players

text: that

text: graduated

text: from

text: the

text: junior

text: teams

text: are

text: Nduka

text: Ugbade

text: Jonathan

text: Akpoborie

text: Victor

text: Ikpeba

text: Celestine

text: Babayaro

text: Wilson

text: Oruma

text: and

text: Taye

text: Taiwo

text: Some

text: other

text: famous

text: Nigerian

text: footballers

text: include

text: John

text: Obi

text: Mikel

text: Obafemi

text: Martins

text: Vincent

text: Enyeama

text: Yakubu

text: Aiyegbeni

text: Rashidi

text: Yekini

text: Peter

text: Odemwingie

text: and

text: Jay

text: Jay

text: Okocha

question: Nwankwo Kanu won what honor twice?

answer: African Footballer of the year

text: African Footballer of the year

question: Nwankwo Kanu won in what championship league?

answer: European Champions League

text: European Champions League

question: What team did Nwankwo Kanu go on to play on?

answer: Inter Milan, Arsenal

text: Inter Milan, Arsenal


text: In the years following the mid-1930s, Detroit was referred to as the "City of Champions" after the Tigers, Lions, and Red Wings captured all three major professional sports championships in a seven-month period of time (the Tigers won the World Series in October 1935; the Lions won the NFL championship in December 1935; the Red Wings won the Stanley Cup in April 1936). In 1932, Eddie "The Midnight Express" Tolan from Detroit won the 100- and 200-meter races and two gold medals at the 1932 Summer Olympics. Joe Louis won the heavyweight championship of the world in 1937.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: following

text: the

text: Detroit

text: was

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Champions

text: after

text: the

text: Tigers

text: Lions

text: and

text: Red

text: Wings

text: captured

text: all

text: three

text: major

text: professional

text: sports

text: championships

text: in

text: a

text: seven

text: month

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: the

text: Tigers

text: won

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: in

text: October

text: the

text: Lions

text: won

text: the

text: NFL

text: championship

text: in

text: December

text: the

text: Red

text: Wings

text: won

text: the

text: Stanley

text: Cup

text: in

text: April

text: In

text: Eddie

text: The

text: Midnight

text: Express

text: Tolan

text: from

text: Detroit

text: won

text: the

text: and

text: races

text: and

text: two

text: gold

text: medals

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: Joe

text: Louis

text: won

text: the

text: heavyweight

text: championship

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: in

question: What is Detroit's sports related nickname?

answer: City of Champions

text: City of Champions

question: What is Eddie Tolan's nickname?

answer: The Midnight Express

text: The Midnight Express

question: Who won the boxing title in 1937?

answer: Joe Louis

text: Joe Louis

question: Who won the Stanley Cup in 1936?

answer: Red Wings

text: Red Wings

question: Who won the World Series in 1935?

answer: Tigers

text: Tigers


text: The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils such as Archaefructus, along with further discoveries of fossil gymnosperms, suggest how angiosperm characteristics may have been acquired in a series of steps. Several groups of extinct gymnosperms, in particular seed ferns, have been proposed as the ancestors of flowering plants, but there is no continuous fossil evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved. Some older fossils, such as the upper Triassic Sanmiguelia, have been suggested. Based on current evidence, some propose that the ancestors of the angiosperms diverged from an unknown group of gymnosperms in the Triassic period (245–202 million years ago). Fossil angiosperm-like pollen from the Middle Triassic (247.2–242.0 Ma) suggests an older date for their origin. A close relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes, proposed on the basis of morphological evidence, has more recently been disputed on the basis of molecular evidence that suggest gnetophytes are instead more closely related to other gymnosperms.[citation needed]

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: The

text: apparently

text: sudden

text: appearance

text: of

text: nearly

text: modern

text: flowers

text: in

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: initially

text: posed

text: such

text: a

text: problem

text: for

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: evolution

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: an

text: abominable

text: mystery

text: by

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: However

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: has

text: considerably

text: grown

text: since

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Darwin

text: and

text: recently

text: discovered

text: angiosperm

text: fossils

text: such

text: as

text: Archaefructus

text: along

text: with

text: further

text: discoveries

text: of

text: fossil

text: gymnosperms

text: suggest

text: how

text: angiosperm

text: characteristics

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: acquired

text: in

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: steps

text: Several

text: groups

text: of

text: extinct

text: gymnosperms

text: in

text: particular

text: seed

text: ferns

text: have

text: been

text: proposed

text: as

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: but

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: continuous

text: fossil

text: evidence

text: showing

text: exactly

text: how

text: flowers

text: evolved

text: Some

text: older

text: fossils

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: upper

text: Triassic

text: Sanmiguelia

text: have

text: been

text: suggested

text: Based

text: on

text: current

text: evidence

text: some

text: propose

text: that

text: the

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: angiosperms

text: diverged

text: from

text: an

text: unknown

text: group

text: of

text: gymnosperms

text: in

text: the

text: Triassic

text: period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Fossil

text: angiosperm

text: like

text: pollen

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Triassic

text: Ma

text: suggests

text: an

text: older

text: date

text: for

text: their

text: origin

text: A

text: close

text: relationship

text: between

text: angiosperms

text: and

text: gnetophytes

text: proposed

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: morphological

text: evidence

text: has

text: more

text: recently

text: been

text: disputed

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: molecular

text: evidence

text: that

text: suggest

text: gnetophytes

text: are

text: instead

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: other

text: gymnosperms.[citation

text: needed

question: What did Charles Darwin call the sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record?

answer: abominable mystery

text: abominable mystery

question: What type of fossil is the recently discovered Archaefructus?

answer: angiosperm

text: angiosperm

question: What fossil evidence is lacking when it comes to flowers?

answer: evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved

text: evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved

question: From what period does fossilized pollen suggest an older date for angiosperm origin?

answer: Middle Triassic

text: Middle Triassic

question: What relationship proposed on the basis of morphological evidence has recently been disputed?

answer: relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes

text: relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes

question: What was ancestors of angiosperms suddenly appearing called by Charles Darwin?

text: an "abominable mystery"

question: What have several groups of Archaefructus been proposed to be?

text: the ancestors of flowering plants

question: What is missing to show how ancestors of angiosperms diverged from an unknown group?

text: continuous fossil evidence

question: Why has the relationship between gnetophytes and gymnosperms been disputed?

text: on the basis of molecular evidence

question: What type of fossil is the recently discovered Sanmiguelia?

text: angiosperm


text: This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit and stabilizing the currency; developing private businesses; energy; agriculture; food processing; transportation; the health and education sectors; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone. The government joined the World Trade Organization on 5 February 2003. But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects. Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: This

text: steady

text: economic

text: progress

text: has

text: earned

text: Armenia

text: increasing

text: support

text: from

text: international

text: institutions

text: The

text: International

text: Monetary

text: Fund

text: IMF

text: World

text: Bank

text: European

text: Bank

text: for

text: Reconstruction

text: and

text: Development

text: EBRD

text: and

text: other

text: international

text: financial

text: institutions

text: IFIs

text: and

text: foreign

text: countries

text: are

text: extending

text: considerable

text: grants

text: and

text: loans

text: Loans

text: to

text: Armenia

text: since

text: exceed

text: billion

text: These

text: loans

text: are

text: targeted

text: at

text: reducing

text: the

text: budget

text: deficit

text: and

text: stabilizing

text: the

text: currency

text: developing

text: private

text: businesses

text: energy

text: agriculture

text: food

text: processing

text: transportation

text: the

text: health

text: and

text: education

text: sectors

text: and

text: ongoing

text: rehabilitation

text: in

text: the

text: earthquake

text: zone

text: The

text: government

text: joined

text: the

text: World

text: Trade

text: Organization

text: on

text: February

text: But

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: sources

text: of

text: foreign

text: direct

text: investments

text: remains

text: the

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: which

text: finances

text: major

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: other

text: public

text: projects

text: Being

text: a

text: growing

text: democratic

text: state

text: Armenia

text: also

text: hopes

text: to

text: get

text: more

text: financial

text: aid

text: from

text: the

text: Western

text: World

question: What does IMF stand for?

answer: International Monetary Fund

text: International Monetary Fund

question: What dos EBRD stand for?

answer: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

text: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

question: What does IFI stand for?

answer: international financial institutions

text: international financial institutions

question: How much in loans has Armenia received since 1993?

answer: $1.1 billion

text: $1.1 billion

question: When did Armenia become a part of the World Trade Organization?

answer: 5 February 2003

text: 5 February 2003