text: Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? Instead, as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world. However, process theology has been formulated in a wide variety of ways. C. Robert Mesle, for instance, advocates a "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

title: Alfred_North_Whitehead

text: Process

text: theology

text: typically

text: stresses

text: God

text: 's

text: relational

text: nature

text: Rather

text: than

text: seeing

text: God

text: as

text: impassive

text: or

text: emotionless

text: process

text: theologians

text: view

text: God

text: as

text: the

text: fellow

text: sufferer

text: who

text: understands

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: being

text: who

text: is

text: supremely

text: affected

text: by

text: temporal

text: events

text: Hartshorne

text: points

text: out

text: that

text: people

text: would

text: not

text: praise

text: a

text: human

text: ruler

text: who

text: was

text: unaffected

text: by

text: either

text: the

text: joys

text: or

text: sorrows

text: of

text: his

text: followers

text: so

text: why

text: would

text: this

text: be

text: a

text: praise

text: worthy

text: quality

text: in

text: God

text: Instead

text: as

text: the

text: being

text: who

text: is

text: most

text: affected

text: by

text: the

text: world

text: God

text: is

text: the

text: being

text: who

text: can

text: most

text: appropriately

text: respond

text: to

text: the

text: world

text: However

text: process

text: theology

text: has

text: been

text: formulated

text: in

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: ways

text: C.

text: Robert

text: Mesle

text: for

text: instance

text: advocates

text: a

text: process

text: naturalism

text: i.e.

text: a

text: process

text: theology

text: without

text: God

question: What aspect of God is usually emphasized in process theology?

answer: God's relational nature

text: God's relational nature

question: How is God usually perceived by process theologians?

answer: "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events

text: "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events

question: Why did Hartshorne feel that God must be affected by people?

answer: people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God?

text: people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God?

question: Why would God being substantially affected by the world be beneficial?

answer: as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world

text: as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world

question: What type of process theology does C. Robert Mesle promote?

answer: "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.

text: "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.

question: What aspect of God is not emphasized in process theology?

text: God's relational nature

question: How is God usually never perceived by process theologians?

text: the fellow sufferer who understands

question: Why did Hartshorne feel that God must not be affected by people?


text: A staple for consumers in the city is the omnipresent "mercado". Every major neighborhood in the city has its own borough-regulated market, often more than one. These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other services such as locksmiths, herbal medicine, hardware goods, sewing implements; and a multitude of stands offering freshly made, home-style cooking and drinks in the tradition of aguas frescas and atole.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: A

text: staple

text: for

text: consumers

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: omnipresent

text: mercado

text: Every

text: major

text: neighborhood

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: borough

text: regulated

text: market

text: often

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: These

text: are

text: large

text: well

text: established

text: facilities

text: offering

text: most

text: basic

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: fresh

text: produce

text: and

text: meat

text: poultry

text: dry

text: goods

text: tortillerías

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: locksmiths

text: herbal

text: medicine

text: hardware

text: goods

text: sewing

text: implements

text: and

text: a

text: multitude

text: of

text: stands

text: offering

text: freshly

text: made

text: home

text: style

text: cooking

text: and

text: drinks

text: in

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: aguas

text: frescas

text: and

text: atole

question: What are the markets called that are located and run by the boroughs?

answer: mercado

text: mercado

question: What are some of the traditional drinks of Mexico City?

answer: aguas frescas and atole

text: aguas frescas and atole

question: What is the centerpiece of Mexico City's markets

answer: mercado

text: mercado

question: The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados?

answer: omnipresent

text: omnipresent


text: Three main parades take place during Carnival. The first is held on the first day, during which the "Carnival King" (either a person in costume or an effigy) rides through the city on his carriage. The second is held on the first Sunday of the festival and the participants are mainly children. The third and largest takes place on the last day of Carnival and involves hundreds of people walking in costume along the town's longest avenue. The latter two parades are open to anyone who wishes to participate.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Three

text: main

text: parades

text: take

text: place

text: during

text: Carnival

text: The

text: first

text: is

text: held

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: day

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: Carnival

text: King

text: either

text: a

text: person

text: in

text: costume

text: or

text: an

text: effigy

text: rides

text: through

text: the

text: city

text: on

text: his

text: carriage

text: The

text: second

text: is

text: held

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: Sunday

text: of

text: the

text: festival

text: and

text: the

text: participants

text: are

text: mainly

text: children

text: The

text: third

text: and

text: largest

text: takes

text: place

text: on

text: the

text: last

text: day

text: of

text: Carnival

text: and

text: involves

text: hundreds

text: of

text: people

text: walking

text: in

text: costume

text: along

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: longest

text: avenue

text: The

text: latter

text: two

text: parades

text: are

text: open

text: to

text: anyone

text: who

text: wishes

text: to

text: participate

question: How many parades take place during Carnival?

answer: Three

text: Three

question: Who rides through the city on a carriage?

answer: the "Carnival King

text: the "Carnival King

question: Which of the festivals is comprised of participants who are mainly children?

answer: The second

text: The second

question: What do people walk along the town's longest avenue in?

answer: costume

text: costume

question: Who are the last two parades open for participation by?

answer: anyone who wishes to participate

text: anyone who wishes to participate


text: Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Other parts of the island – Wales and most of Scotland – continued to use Celtic languages, except in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devon, while Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbria, and Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border. Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law.

title: Old_English

title: Old_English

text: Old

text: English

text: is

text: a

text: West

text: Germanic

text: language

text: developing

text: out

text: of

text: Ingvaeonic

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: North

text: Sea

text: Germanic

text: dialects

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: spoken

text: over

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdoms

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: This

text: included

text: most

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: England

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: southeastern

text: Scotland

text: which

text: for

text: several

text: centuries

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Northumbria

text: Other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: Wales

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: Scotland

text: continued

text: to

text: use

text: Celtic

text: languages

text: except

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: settlements

text: where

text: Old

text: Norse

text: was

text: spoken

text: Celtic

text: speech

text: also

text: remained

text: established

text: in

text: certain

text: parts

text: of

text: England

text: Medieval

text: Cornish

text: was

text: spoken

text: all

text: over

text: Cornwall

text: and

text: in

text: adjacent

text: parts

text: of

text: Devon

text: while

text: Cumbric

text: survived

text: perhaps

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Cumbria

text: and

text: Welsh

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: spoken

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Welsh

text: border

text: Norse

text: was

text: also

text: widely

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: England

text: which

text: fell

text: under

text: Danish

text: law

question: What language family does Old English belong to?

answer: West Germanic

text: West Germanic

question: What is another name for Ingvaeonic?

answer: North Sea Germanic

text: North Sea Germanic

question: In what century did Old English first develop?

answer: 5th

question: What Anglo-Saxon kingdom ruled parts of modern-day Scotland?

answer: Northumbria

text: Northumbria

question: What language was spoken in Cornwall?

answer: Medieval Cornish

text: Medieval Cornish

question: What Germanic dialects are from the 500's?

text: Ingvaeonic

question: Who did the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northuumbria belong to?

text: Scotland

question: What language survived in Cumbria until the 1200's?

text: Cumbric

question: What language replace Old English in Scandinavian settlements?

text: Old Norse


text: Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power, which makes the device a non-standard USB device. Some USB ports and external hubs can, in practice, supply more power to USB devices than required by the specification but a standard-compliant device may not depend on this.

title: USB

title: USB

text: Some

text: USB

text: devices

text: require

text: more

text: power

text: than

text: is

text: permitted

text: by

text: the

text: specifications

text: for

text: a

text: single

text: port

text: This

text: is

text: common

text: for

text: external

text: hard

text: and

text: optical

text: disc

text: drives

text: and

text: generally

text: for

text: devices

text: with

text: motors

text: or

text: lamps

text: Such

text: devices

text: can

text: use

text: an

text: external

text: power

text: supply

text: which

text: is

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: standard

text: or

text: use

text: a

text: dual

text: input

text: USB

text: cable

text: one

text: input

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: power

text: and

text: data

text: transfer

text: the

text: other

text: solely

text: for

text: power

text: which

text: makes

text: the

text: device

text: a

text: non

text: standard

text: USB

text: device

text: Some

text: USB

text: ports

text: and

text: external

text: hubs

text: can

text: in

text: practice

text: supply

text: more

text: power

text: to

text: USB

text: devices

text: than

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: specification

text: but

text: a

text: standard

text: compliant

text: device

text: may

text: not

text: depend

text: on

text: this

question: Some USB devices require what?

answer: more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port.

text: more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port.

question: Some devices such as an external hard and optical disk drive can use what?

answer: an external power supply

text: an external power supply

question: What is another alternative for power for an external hard and optical disk drive?

answer: a dual-input USB cable

text: a dual-input USB cable

question: What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable?

answer: one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power

text: one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power


text: The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: The

text: post

text: of

text: prime

text: minister

text: may

text: be

text: encountered

text: both

text: in

text: constitutional

text: monarchies

text: such

text: as

text: Belgium

text: Denmark

text: Japan

text: Luxembourg

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Norway

text: Malaysia

text: Morocco

text: Spain

text: Sweden

text: Thailand

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: in

text: parliamentary

text: republics

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: official

text: such

text: as

text: Finland

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: France

text: Greece

text: Hungary

text: India

text: Indonesia

text: Ireland

text: Pakistan

text: Portugal

text: Montenegro

text: Croatia

text: Bulgaria

text: Romania

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Turkey

text: See

text: also

text: First

text: Minister

text: Premier

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: Chancellor

text: Taoiseach

text: Statsminister

text: and

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: alternative

text: titles

text: usually

text: equivalent

text: in

text: meaning

text: to

text: or

text: translated

text: as

text: prime

text: minister

question: Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?

answer: parliamentary republics

text: parliamentary republics

question: In whic type of government is the leader elected?

answer: parliamentary republics

text: parliamentary republics

question: What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch?

text: Spain

question: Who is elected in a constitutional monarch?

text: the head of state


text: Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the first century and a half of Christian churches (33 AD to 180AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward the end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church,[citation needed] but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: Those

text: who

text: subscribe

text: to

text: this

text: interpretation

text: believe

text: that

text: since

text: the

text: Christian

text: scriptures

text: never

text: counter

text: instrumental

text: language

text: with

text: any

text: negative

text: judgment

text: on

text: instruments

text: opposition

text: to

text: instruments

text: instead

text: comes

text: from

text: an

text: interpretation

text: of

text: history

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: written

text: opposition

text: to

text: musical

text: instruments

text: in

text: any

text: setting

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: of

text: Christian

text: churches

text: AD

text: to

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: instruments

text: for

text: Christian

text: worship

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: undocumented

text: Toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Christians

text: began

text: condemning

text: the

text: instruments

text: themselves

text: Those

text: who

text: oppose

text: instruments

text: today

text: believe

text: these

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: had

text: a

text: better

text: understanding

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: desire

text: for

text: the

text: church,[citation

text: needed

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: significant

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: teachings

text: of

text: these

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: and

text: Christian

text: opposition

text: to

text: instruments

text: today

question: What does the rejection of instruments in Christian music likely stem from?

answer: an interpretation of history

text: an interpretation of history

question: During what time is there no record of Christians using instruments for worship?

answer: 33 AD to 180AD

text: 33 AD to 180AD

question: At what point did instruments begin to receive condemnation from Christians?

answer: the 2nd century

text: the 2nd century

question: For what reason do modern Christians continue to oppose the use of instruments?

answer: Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church

text: Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church

question: What scriptures make negative judgments about instruments?

text: Christian

question: What scriptures does opposition to instruments come from?

text: Christian scriptures

question: During what time is there evidence of Christians using instruments for worship?

text: 33 AD to 180AD

question: What did Christians condone starting in the 2nd century?

text: instruments themselves

question: Whose teachings are in line with today's opposition to instruments?

text: Church Fathers

question: During what time period was opposition to instruments being used in all settings discovered?

text: (33 AD to 180AD)

question: Where does rejection of using instruments according to God's will come from?

text: an interpretation of history

question: When is information about the use of instruments for Christian worship written?

text: (33 AD to 180AD)

question: What did Christians condemn from 33 AD to 180 AD?

text: the instruments themselves

question: What do Church Fathers believe today about using instruments?


text: In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: In

text: non

text: Commonwealth

text: countries

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: may

text: be

text: entitled

text: to

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: Excellency

text: like

text: a

text: president

text: In

text: some

text: Commonwealth

text: countries

text: prime

text: ministers

text: and

text: former

text: prime

text: ministers

text: are

text: styled

text: Right

text: Honourable

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: position

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Canada

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: and

text: former

text: prime

text: ministers

text: may

text: appear

text: to

text: also

text: be

text: styled

text: Right

text: Honourable

text: however

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: position

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: but

text: as

text: a

text: privilege

text: of

text: being

text: current

text: members

text: of

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Most

text: Honourable

text: Privy

text: Council

question: In what kinds of nations can the head of government attain the title of Excellency?

answer: non-Commonwealth countries

text: non-Commonwealth countries

question: What honorific title can be given to prime ministers in commonwealth nations?

answer: Right Honourable

text: Right Honourable

question: What are British prime ministers part of that grants them the title Right Honourable?

answer: Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council

text: Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council

question: What is an example of a country where prime ministers can be called Right Honourable solely because of their position?

answer: Canada

text: Canada

question: What is the prime minister entitled to in Commonwealth countries?

text: the style of Excellency

question: Who is called Honourable in non Commonwealth countries?

question: Who can not be part of the privy council?


text: An illustrative example of official involvement in organized crime can be found from 1920s and 1930s Shanghai, where Huang Jinrong was a police chief in the French concession, while simultaneously being a gang boss and co-operating with Du Yuesheng, the local gang ringleader. The relationship kept the flow of profits from the gang's gambling dens, prostitution, and protection rackets undisturbed.[citation needed]

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: An

text: illustrative

text: example

text: of

text: official

text: involvement

text: in

text: organized

text: crime

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: from

text: and

text: Shanghai

text: where

text: Huang

text: Jinrong

text: was

text: a

text: police

text: chief

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: concession

text: while

text: simultaneously

text: being

text: a

text: gang

text: boss

text: and

text: co

text: operating

text: with

text: Du

text: Yuesheng

text: the

text: local

text: gang

text: ringleader

text: The

text: relationship

text: kept

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: profits

text: from

text: the

text: gang

text: 's

text: gambling

text: dens

text: prostitution

text: and

text: protection

text: rackets

text: undisturbed.[citation

text: needed

question: When was Jinrong a police chief in this area?

answer: 1920s and 1930s

text: 1920s and 1930s

question: Who was a local gang ringleader in the same area?

answer: Du Yuesheng

text: Du Yuesheng

question: In addition to being a police chief, Jinrong was also what?

answer: a gang boss

text: a gang boss


text: The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature. Eight Vice-Presidents serve under the President, as well as a cabinet of twenty-two ministers, who must all be approved by the legislature.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: The

text: President

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: executive

text: powers

text: except

text: for

text: matters

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Leader

text: who

text: has

text: the

text: final

text: say

text: in

text: all

text: matters

text: The

text: President

text: appoints

text: and

text: supervises

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: coordinates

text: government

text: decisions

text: and

text: selects

text: government

text: policies

text: to

text: be

text: placed

text: before

text: the

text: legislature

text: Eight

text: Vice

text: Presidents

text: serve

text: under

text: the

text: President

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: cabinet

text: of

text: twenty

text: two

text: ministers

text: who

text: must

text: all

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: legislature

question: In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader?

answer: the Supreme Leader

text: the Supreme Leader

question: Who exercises exective powers in Iran?

answer: The President

text: The President

question: The Council of Ministers is appointed and supervised by who?

answer: The President

text: The President

question: How many Vice-Presidents serve under the President in Iran?

answer: Eight

text: Eight

question: The legislature approves the 8 vice presidents and how many cabinet members?

answer: twenty-two

text: twenty-two


text: The Tuvalu Media Department of the Government of Tuvalu operates Radio Tuvalu which broadcasts from Funafuti. In 2011 the Japanese government provided financial support to construct a new AM broadcast studio. The installation of upgraded transmission equipment allows Radio Tuvalu to be heard on all nine islands of Tuvalu. The new AM radio transmitter on Funafuti replaced the FM radio service to the outer islands and freed up satellite bandwidth for mobile services. Fenui – news from Tuvalu is a free digital publication of the Tuvalu Media Department that is emailed to subscribers and operates a Facebook page, which publishes news about government activities and news about Tuvaluan events, such as a special edition covering the results of the 2015 general election.

title: Tuvalu

title: Tuvalu

text: The

text: Tuvalu

text: Media

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: operates

text: Radio

text: Tuvalu

text: which

text: broadcasts

text: from

text: Funafuti

text: In

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: provided

text: financial

text: support

text: to

text: construct

text: a

text: new

text: AM

text: broadcast

text: studio

text: The

text: installation

text: of

text: upgraded

text: transmission

text: equipment

text: allows

text: Radio

text: Tuvalu

text: to

text: be

text: heard

text: on

text: all

text: nine

text: islands

text: of

text: Tuvalu

text: The

text: new

text: AM

text: radio

text: transmitter

text: on

text: Funafuti

text: replaced

text: the

text: FM

text: radio

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: outer

text: islands

text: and

text: freed

text: up

text: satellite

text: bandwidth

text: for

text: mobile

text: services

text: Fenui

text: news

text: from

text: Tuvalu

text: is

text: a

text: free

text: digital

text: publication

text: of

text: the

text: Tuvalu

text: Media

text: Department

text: that

text: is

text: emailed

text: to

text: subscribers

text: and

text: operates

text: a

text: Facebook

text: page

text: which

text: publishes

text: news

text: about

text: government

text: activities

text: and

text: news

text: about

text: Tuvaluan

text: events

text: such

text: as

text: a

text: special

text: edition

text: covering

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: election

question: What is the radio station on Tuvalu?

answer: Radio Tuvalu

text: Radio Tuvalu

question: From where does Radio Tuvalu broadcast?

answer: Funafuti

text: Funafuti

question: Who gave financial support to Tuvalu to upgrade transmission equipment?

answer: Japanese government

text: Japanese government

question: What did the new radio equipment replace with AM service?

answer: FM radio

text: FM radio

question: What service got more bandwidth from the transmission upgrade?

answer: mobile

text: mobile


text: The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSH) program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a "Learning Initiative," and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010. The Foundation has since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation. In 2009, the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services (i.e. without the use of sewers), and less on water supply. This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments, and because the Foundation believed it had the potential to make a real difference through strategic investments.

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

text: The

text: Water

text: Sanitation

text: and

text: Hygiene

text: WSH

text: program

text: of

text: the

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: as

text: a

text: Learning

text: Initiative

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: full

text: fledged

text: program

text: under

text: the

text: Global

text: Development

text: Division

text: in

text: early

text: The

text: Foundation

text: has

text: since

text: undertaken

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: efforts

text: in

text: the

text: WASH

text: sector

text: involving

text: research

text: experimentation

text: reflection

text: advocacy

text: and

text: field

text: implementation

text: In

text: the

text: Foundation

text: decided

text: to

text: refocus

text: its

text: WASH

text: effort

text: mainly

text: on

text: sustainable

text: sanitation

text: services

text: for

text: the

text: poor

text: using

text: non

text: piped

text: sanitation

text: services

text: i.e.

text: without

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: sewers

text: and

text: less

text: on

text: water

text: supply

text: This

text: was

text: because

text: the

text: sanitation

text: sector

text: was

text: generally

text: receiving

text: less

text: attention

text: from

text: other

text: donors

text: and

text: from

text: governments

text: and

text: because

text: the

text: Foundation

text: believed

text: it

text: had

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: real

text: difference

text: through

text: strategic

text: investments

question: What was the WSH program launched in 2005

answer: The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSH) program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005

text: The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WSH) program of the Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005

question: When did the WSH become a full fledeged program

answer: and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010

text: and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010

question: What efforts have the WSH taken

answer: since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation

text: since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation

question: What did the foundation decide in 2009

answer: In 2009, the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services

text: In 2009, the Foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services

question: WHy did the foundation make the switch

answer: This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments

text: This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments

question: What year was the Global Development Division program launched?

question: What efforts has the Global Development Division taken in the WASH sector?

question: How did the WASH believe it could make a difference in sanitation?

text: strategic investments

question: Why is the Global Development Division focused on sanitation for the poor?

question: In 2005 what did the foundation focus its WASH effort on?


text: As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, "the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East" in the nineteenth century "was not the armies of Europe but its banks." The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: As

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: state

text: attempted

text: to

text: modernize

text: its

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: army

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: threats

text: from

text: the

text: outside

text: it

text: also

text: opened

text: itself

text: up

text: to

text: a

text: different

text: kind

text: of

text: threat

text: that

text: of

text: creditors

text: Indeed

text: as

text: the

text: historian

text: Eugene

text: Rogan

text: has

text: written

text: the

text: single

text: greatest

text: threat

text: to

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: in

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: Europe

text: but

text: its

text: banks

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: state

text: which

text: had

text: begun

text: taking

text: on

text: debt

text: with

text: the

text: Crimean

text: War

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: declare

text: bankruptcy

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: agreed

text: to

text: have

text: its

text: debt

text: controlled

text: by

text: an

text: institution

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Public

text: Debt

text: Administration

text: a

text: council

text: of

text: European

text: men

text: with

text: presidency

text: alternating

text: between

text: France

text: and

text: Britain

text: The

text: body

text: controlled

text: swaths

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: economy

text: and

text: used

text: its

text: position

text: to

text: insure

text: that

text: European

text: capital

text: continued

text: to

text: penetrate

text: the

text: empire

text: often

text: to

text: the

text: detriment

text: of

text: local

text: Ottoman

text: interests

question: What historian wrote that banks were the single greatest threat to mid-east independence?

answer: Eugene Rogan

text: Eugene Rogan

question: In what year did the Ottoman Empire declare bankruptcy?

answer: 1875

question: What was the administration that the empire used to control its debt called?

answer: Ottoman Public Debt Administration

text: Ottoman Public Debt Administration

question: Who served on the debt controlling administration of the Ottoman Empire?

answer: European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain.

text: European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain.

question: European capital in the Ottoman empire resulted in what?

answer: the detriment of local Ottoman interests

text: the detriment of local Ottoman interests


text: Injective mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and characters in Unicode to facilitate conversion to Unicode and allow interoperability with legacy software. Lack of consistency in various mappings between earlier Japanese encodings such as Shift-JIS or EUC-JP and Unicode led to round-trip format conversion mismatches, particularly the mapping of the character JIS X 0208 '～' (1-33, WAVE DASH), heavily used in legacy database data, to either U+FF5E ～ FULLWIDTH TILDE (in Microsoft Windows) or U+301C 〜 WAVE DASH (other vendors).

title: Unicode

title: Unicode

text: Injective

text: mappings

text: must

text: be

text: provided

text: between

text: characters

text: in

text: existing

text: legacy

text: character

text: sets

text: and

text: characters

text: in

text: Unicode

text: to

text: facilitate

text: conversion

text: to

text: Unicode

text: and

text: allow

text: interoperability

text: with

text: legacy

text: software

text: Lack

text: of

text: consistency

text: in

text: various

text: mappings

text: between

text: earlier

text: Japanese

text: encodings

text: such

text: as

text: Shift

text: JIS

text: or

text: EUC

text: JP

text: and

text: Unicode

text: led

text: to

text: round

text: trip

text: format

text: conversion

text: mismatches

text: particularly

text: the

text: mapping

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: JIS

text: X

text: WAVE

text: DASH

text: heavily

text: used

text: in

text: legacy

text: database

text: data

text: to

text: either

text: FULLWIDTH

text: TILDE

text: in

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: or

text: WAVE

text: DASH

text: other

text: vendors

question: What kind of mappings must be provided between characters in existing legacy character sets and those in Unicode?

answer: Injective mappings

text: Injective mappings

question: A lack of consistency between what earlier Japanese encodings and unicode led to mismatches?

answer: Shift-JIS or EUC-JP

text: Shift-JIS or EUC-JP

question: what is the fullwidth tilde character code in Microsoft Windows?

answer: U+FF5E

question: What helps to convert characters out of Unicode?

text: Injective mappings

question: WAVE DASH is only found in what version of OS?

text: Microsoft Windows

question: What is the Windows code for EUC-JP?

question: What are the names of the two forms of Unicode?

text: Shift-JIS or EUC-JP

question: What does a lack of consistency prevent?

text: round-trip format conversion mismatches


text: Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: Corruption

text: is

text: often

text: most

text: evident

text: in

text: countries

text: with

text: the

text: smallest

text: per

text: capita

text: incomes

text: relying

text: on

text: foreign

text: aid

text: for

text: health

text: services

text: Local

text: political

text: interception

text: of

text: donated

text: money

text: from

text: overseas

text: is

text: especially

text: prevalent

text: in

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: nations

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: reported

text: in

text: the

text: World

text: Bank

text: Report

text: that

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: funds

text: that

text: were

text: donated

text: for

text: health

text: usages

text: were

text: never

text: invested

text: into

text: the

text: health

text: sectors

text: or

text: given

text: to

text: those

text: needing

text: medical

text: attention

question: Where is corruption most noticeable?

answer: countries with the smallest per capita incomes

text: countries with the smallest per capita incomes

question: These countries rely on foreign aid for what?

answer: health services

text: health services

question: In Sub-Saharan African countries, what level of government is corruption especially prevalent at?

answer: Local

text: Local

question: Which report described this corruption?

answer: the 2006 World Bank Report

text: the 2006 World Bank Report

question: How many funds did not reach their intended recipients who needed medical attention?

answer: about half

text: about half


text: According to the traditional narrative, several companions of Muhammad served as scribes and were responsible for writing down the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it. These codices had differences that motivated the Caliph Uthman to establish a standard version now known as Uthman's codex, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, variant readings, with mostly minor differences in meaning.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: traditional

text: narrative

text: several

text: companions

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: served

text: as

text: scribes

text: and

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: writing

text: down

text: the

text: revelations

text: Shortly

text: after

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: Quran

text: was

text: compiled

text: by

text: his

text: companions

text: who

text: wrote

text: down

text: and

text: memorized

text: parts

text: of

text: it

text: These

text: codices

text: had

text: differences

text: that

text: motivated

text: the

text: Caliph

text: Uthman

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: standard

text: version

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Uthman

text: 's

text: codex

text: which

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: the

text: archetype

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: known

text: today

text: There

text: are

text: however

text: variant

text: readings

text: with

text: mostly

text: minor

text: differences

text: in

text: meaning

question: Who first recorded Muhammad revelations?

answer: companions of Muhammad

text: companions of Muhammad

question: Who first standardized the earliest versions of the Quran?

answer: Caliph Uthman

text: Caliph Uthman

question: By what name is the first standardized version of the Quran known?

answer: Uthman's codex

text: Uthman's codex

question: Who last recorded Muhammad revelations?

text: companions of Muhammad

question: Who last standardized the earliest versions of the Quran?

text: Caliph Uthman

question: Who first standardized the latest versions of the Quran?

text: Caliph Uthman

question: By what name is the last standardized version of the Quran known?

text: Uthman's codex

question: By what name is the first standardized version of the Quran unknown?

text: Uthman's codex


text: The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce. The coolie labourers arrived in 1810, and their numbers reached 600 by 1818. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendents became integrated into the population. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island.

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: The

text: importation

text: of

text: slaves

text: was

text: made

text: illegal

text: in

text: Governor

text: Robert

text: Patton

text: recommended

text: that

text: the

text: company

text: import

text: Chinese

text: labour

text: to

text: supplement

text: the

text: rural

text: workforce

text: The

text: coolie

text: labourers

text: arrived

text: in

text: and

text: their

text: numbers

text: reached

text: by

text: Many

text: were

text: allowed

text: to

text: stay

text: and

text: their

text: descendents

text: became

text: integrated

text: into

text: the

text: population

text: An

text: census

text: recorded

text: people

text: on

text: the

text: island

question: What was made illegal in 1792?

answer: importation of slaves

text: importation of slaves

question: What year did Coolie labourers arrive?

answer: 1810

question: How many coolie labourers were on the island by 1818?

answer: 600

question: What was the population of the island in 1814?

answer: 3,507


text: On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.

title: Buckingham_Palace

title: Buckingham_Palace

text: On

text: September

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Britain

text: Day

text: an

text: RAF

text: pilot

text: Ray

text: Holmes

text: of

text: No

text: Squadron

text: RAF

text: rammed

text: a

text: German

text: bomber

text: he

text: believed

text: was

text: going

text: to

text: bomb

text: the

text: Palace

text: Holmes

text: had

text: run

text: out

text: of

text: ammunition

text: and

text: made

text: the

text: quick

text: decision

text: to

text: ram

text: it

text: Holmes

text: bailed

text: out

text: Both

text: aircraft

text: crashed

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: Dornier

text: Do

text: bomber

text: was

text: empty

text: It

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: damaged

text: two

text: of

text: its

text: crew

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: remainder

text: bailed

text: out

text: Its

text: pilot

text: Feldwebel

text: Robert

text: Zehbe

text: landed

text: only

text: to

text: die

text: later

text: of

text: wounds

text: suffered

text: during

text: the

text: attack

text: During

text: the

text: Dornier

text: 's

text: descent

text: it

text: somehow

text: unloaded

text: its

text: bombs

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: hit

text: the

text: Palace

text: It

text: then

text: crashed

text: into

text: the

text: forecourt

text: of

text: London

text: Victoria

text: station

text: The

text: bomber

text: 's

text: engine

text: was

text: later

text: exhibited

text: at

text: the

text: Imperial

text: War

text: Museum

text: in

text: London

text: The

text: British

text: pilot

text: became

text: a

text: King

text: 's

text: Messenger

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: died

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: in

question: What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day?

answer: 15 September 1940

text: 15 September 1940

question: What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to bomb?

answer: the Palace

text: the Palace

question: What type of airplane was the German craft Holmes rammed into?

answer: Dornier Do 17 bomber

text: Dornier Do 17 bomber

question: After the war what did Holmes become?

answer: King's Messenger

text: King's Messenger

question: What year did Ray Holmes die?

answer: 2005

question: What is September 15, 1940 known as?

answer: the Battle of Britain Day

text: the Battle of Britain Day

question: What did Ray Holmes believe the German pilot was targeting?

answer: the Palace

text: the Palace

question: What did Holmes do to stop the German Plane?

answer: ram it

text: ram it

question: What type of aircraft was the German Plane?

answer: Dornier Do 17 bomber

text: Dornier Do 17 bomber

question: When did Holmes die?

answer: 2005

question: What is the date of the celebration of Britain Day?

text: 15 September 1940

question: What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to restore?

text: the Palace

question: What type of airplane was the German craft Holmes avoiding?

text: Dornier Do 17 bomber

question: What did Holmes become during the war?

text: King's Messenger

question: What year did Ray Holmes give birth?


text: Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful," so Apple decided to develop its own. As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey, and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive. Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba disk drive when meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, and purchased the rights to it for Apple, and had also already worked out how the screen, battery, and other key elements would work. The aesthetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor radio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel based user interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsen's BeoCom 6000 telephone. The product ("the Walkman of the twenty-first century" ) was developed in less than one year and unveiled on October 23, 2001. Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive that put "1,000 songs in your pocket."

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: Though

text: the

text: iPod

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: its

text: price

text: and

text: Mac

text: only

text: compatibility

text: caused

text: sales

text: to

text: be

text: relatively

text: slow

text: until

text: The

text: iPod

text: line

text: came

text: from

text: Apple

text: 's

text: digital

text: hub

text: category

text: when

text: the

text: company

text: began

text: creating

text: software

text: for

text: the

text: growing

text: market

text: of

text: personal

text: digital

text: devices

text: Digital

text: cameras

text: camcorders

text: and

text: organizers

text: had

text: well

text: established

text: mainstream

text: markets

text: but

text: the

text: company

text: found

text: existing

text: digital

text: music

text: players

text: big

text: and

text: clunky

text: or

text: small

text: and

text: useless

text: with

text: user

text: interfaces

text: that

text: were

text: unbelievably

text: awful

text: so

text: Apple

text: decided

text: to

text: develop

text: its

text: own

text: As

text: ordered

text: by

text: CEO

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: Apple

text: 's

text: hardware

text: engineering

text: chief

text: Jon

text: Rubinstein

text: assembled

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: engineers

text: to

text: design

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: including

text: hardware

text: engineers

text: Tony

text: Fadell

text: and

text: Michael

text: Dhuey

text: and

text: design

text: engineer

text: Sir

text: Jonathan

text: I

text: ve

text: Rubinstein

text: had

text: already

text: discovered

text: the

text: Toshiba

text: disk

text: drive

text: when

text: meeting

text: with

text: an

text: Apple

text: supplier

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: purchased

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: it

text: for

text: Apple

text: and

text: had

text: also

text: already

text: worked

text: out

text: how

text: the

text: screen

text: battery

text: and

text: other

text: key

text: elements

text: would

text: work

text: The

text: aesthetic

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: Braun

text: transistor

text: radio

text: designed

text: by

text: Dieter

text: Rams

text: while

text: the

text: wheel

text: based

text: user

text: interface

text: was

text: prompted

text: by

text: Bang

text: Olufsen

text: 's

text: BeoCom

text: telephone

text: The

text: product

text: the

text: Walkman

text: of

text: the

text: twenty

text: first

text: century

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: year

text: and

text: unveiled

text: on

text: October

text: Jobs

text: announced

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: Mac

text: compatible

text: product

text: with

text: a

text: GB

text: hard

text: drive

text: that

text: put

text: songs

text: in

text: your

text: pocket

question: In what year was the iPod first introduced?

answer: 2001

question: In what year did iPod sales show improvement?

answer: 2004

question: Which Apple engineer led original iPod design group?

answer: Jon Rubinstein

text: Jon Rubinstein

question: What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the iPod?

answer: Braun T3 transistor radio

text: Braun T3 transistor radio

question: What was the storage capacity of the first iPod?

answer: 5 GB

text: 5 GB

question: in what year was the original iPod released?

answer: 2001

question: How large was the hard drive on the original iPod?

answer: 5 GB

text: 5 GB

question: What other popular music player did Apple compare their new product to?

answer: the Walkman

text: the Walkman

question: What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod?

answer: Jon Rubinstein

text: Jon Rubinstein

question: Who manufactured the hard drives for the first iPods?

answer: Toshiba

text: Toshiba


text: The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to private religious schools, the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to the state governments. A more recent case involving the application of this principle against the states was Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet (1994).

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: incorporation

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Amendment

text: establishment

text: clause

text: in

text: the

text: landmark

text: case

text: of

text: Everson

text: v.

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: has

text: impacted

text: the

text: subsequent

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: governments

text: Although

text: upholding

text: the

text: state

text: law

text: in

text: that

text: case

text: which

text: provided

text: for

text: public

text: busing

text: to

text: private

text: religious

text: schools

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: held

text: that

text: the

text: First

text: Amendment

text: establishment

text: clause

text: was

text: fully

text: applicable

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: governments

text: A

text: more

text: recent

text: case

text: involving

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: this

text: principle

text: against

text: the

text: states

text: was

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: of

text: Kiryas

text: Joel

text: Village

text: School

text: District

text: v.

text: Grumet

question: What landmark case has impacted all subsequent interpretations of the separation of church and state in regard to state governments?

answer: Everson v. Board of Education

text: Everson v. Board of Education

question: What did the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education?

answer: state law

text: state law

question: What did the Supreme Court hold the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to?

answer: state governments

text: state governments

question: What was a recent case involving the application of the principle of the establishment clause against states?

answer: Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet

text: Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet

question: When was the case of v. Grumet?

answer: 1994

question: What landmark case hasn't impacted all subsequent interpretations of the separation of church and state in regard to state governments?

text: Everson v. Board of Education

question: What didn't the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education?

text: state law

question: What didn't the Supreme Court hold the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to?

text: state governments

question: What was a past case involving the application of the principle of the establishment clause against states?

question: When was the case of v. Prumet?


text: After the sync field, all packets are made of 8-bit bytes, transmitted least-significant bit first. The first byte is a packet identifier (PID) byte. The PID is actually 4 bits; the byte consists of the 4-bit PID followed by its bitwise complement. This redundancy helps detect errors. (Note also that a PID byte contains at most four consecutive 1 bits, and thus never needs bit-stuffing, even when combined with the final 1 bit in the sync byte. However, trailing 1 bits in the PID may require bit-stuffing within the first few bits of the payload.)

title: USB

title: USB

text: After

text: the

text: sync

text: field

text: all

text: packets

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: bytes

text: transmitted

text: least

text: significant

text: bit

text: first

text: The

text: first

text: byte

text: is

text: a

text: packet

text: identifier

text: PID

text: byte

text: The

text: PID

text: is

text: actually

text: bits

text: the

text: byte

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: PID

text: followed

text: by

text: its

text: bitwise

text: complement

text: This

text: redundancy

text: helps

text: detect

text: errors

text: Note

text: also

text: that

text: a

text: PID

text: byte

text: contains

text: at

text: most

text: four

text: consecutive

text: bits

text: and

text: thus

text: never

text: needs

text: bit

text: stuffing

text: even

text: when

text: combined

text: with

text: the

text: final

text: bit

text: in

text: the

text: sync

text: byte

text: However

text: trailing

text: bits

text: in

text: the

text: PID

text: may

text: require

text: bit

text: stuffing

text: within

text: the

text: first

text: few

text: bits

text: of

text: the

text: payload

question: After the sync field, all packets are made of how many bit bytes?

answer: 8-bit bytes

text: 8-bit bytes

question: How are the bit bytes transmitted?

answer: least-significant bit first

text: least-significant bit first

question: The first byte is what?

answer: a packet identifier (PID) byte

text: a packet identifier (PID) byte


text: In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd politicians began to surface, however, breeding an atmosphere of rumor and suspicion that consequently brought the Free Officers to the forefront of Egyptian politics. By then, the organization had expanded to around ninety members; according to Khaled Mohieddin, "nobody knew all of them and where they belonged in the hierarchy except Nasser". Nasser felt that the Free Officers were not ready to move against the government and, for nearly two years, he did little beyond officer recruitment and underground news bulletins.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: In

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: elections

text: the

text: Wafd

text: Party

text: of

text: el

text: Nahhas

text: gained

text: a

text: victory

text: mostly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: which

text: boycotted

text: the

text: elections

text: and

text: was

text: perceived

text: as

text: a

text: threat

text: by

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: as

text: the

text: Wafd

text: had

text: campaigned

text: on

text: demands

text: similar

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: Accusations

text: of

text: corruption

text: against

text: Wafd

text: politicians

text: began

text: to

text: surface

text: however

text: breeding

text: an

text: atmosphere

text: of

text: rumor

text: and

text: suspicion

text: that

text: consequently

text: brought

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: to

text: the

text: forefront

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: politics

text: By

text: then

text: the

text: organization

text: had

text: expanded

text: to

text: around

text: ninety

text: members

text: according

text: to

text: Khaled

text: Mohieddin

text: nobody

text: knew

text: all

text: of

text: them

text: and

text: where

text: they

text: belonged

text: in

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: except

text: Nasser

text: Nasser

text: felt

text: that

text: the

text: Free

text: Officers

text: were

text: not

text: ready

text: to

text: move

text: against

text: the

text: government

text: and

text: for

text: nearly

text: two

text: years

text: he

text: did

text: little

text: beyond

text: officer

text: recruitment

text: and

text: underground

text: news

text: bulletins

question: What group boycotted the 1950 elections?

answer: Muslim Brotherhood

text: Muslim Brotherhood

question: What party advanced in the 1950 elections?

answer: Wafd

text: Wafd

question: What were Wafd members accused of?

answer: corruption

text: corruption

question: What group became prominent in Egyptian politics?

answer: Free Officers

text: Free Officers

question: How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers?

answer: nearly two years

text: nearly two years


text: The "Mittelschule" is a school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes but no college preparatory classes. In some States of Germany, the Hauptschule does not exist, and any student who has not been accepted by another school has to attend the Mittelschule. Students may be awarded the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife but not the Abitur.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: The

text: Mittelschule

text: is

text: a

text: school

text: in

text: some

text: States

text: of

text: Germany

text: that

text: offers

text: regular

text: classes

text: and

text: remedial

text: classes

text: but

text: no

text: college

text: preparatory

text: classes

text: In

text: some

text: States

text: of

text: Germany

text: the

text: Hauptschule

text: does

text: not

text: exist

text: and

text: any

text: student

text: who

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: accepted

text: by

text: another

text: school

text: has

text: to

text: attend

text: the

text: Mittelschule

text: Students

text: may

text: be

text: awarded

text: the

text: Hauptschulabschluss

text: or

text: the

text: Mittlere

text: Reife

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: Abitur

question: What kind of classes are not offered in Mittelschule?

answer: college preparatory classes

text: college preparatory classes

question: What certificate is not available to Mittelschule students?

answer: Abitur

text: Abitur

question: What kind of school is not available in some parts of Germany?

answer: Hauptschule

text: Hauptschule

question: What kind of classes are offered in Mittelschule?

text: college preparatory classes

question: What kind of meetings are not offered in Mittelschule?

text: college preparatory classes

question: What certificate is available to Mittelschule students?

text: Abitur

question: What certificate is not available to Mittelschule teachers?

text: Abitur

question: What kind of school is available in some parts of Germany?

text: Hauptschule


text: It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9]

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: that

text: the

text: Pacific

text: War

text: began

text: on

text: December

text: on

text: which

text: date

text: Japan

text: invaded

text: Thailand

text: and

text: attacked

text: the

text: British

text: possessions

text: of

text: Malaya

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: military

text: bases

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: Wake

text: Island

text: Guam

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Some

text: historians

text: contend

text: that

text: the

text: conflict

text: in

text: Asia

text: can

text: be

text: dated

text: back

text: to

text: July

text: with

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: between

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: or

text: possibly

text: September

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: Japanese

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: widely

text: accepted

text: that

text: the

text: Pacific

text: War

text: itself

text: started

text: in

text: early

text: December

text: with

text: the

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: then

text: becoming

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: theater

text: of

text: the

text: greater

text: World

text: War

text: II.[nb

question: When do most people believe the Pacific War began?

answer: early December 1941

text: early December 1941

question: On what date did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

answer: 7/8 December 1941

text: 7/8 December 1941

question: When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin?

answer: 7 July 1937

text: 7 July 1937

question: Which countries did the Second Sino-Japanese War encompass?

answer: Empire of Japan and the Republic of China

text: Empire of Japan and the Republic of China

question: Has Japan ever attacked Thailand?

answer: Japan invaded Thailand

text: Japan invaded Thailand

question: What is the generally accepted date the Pacific War started?

answer: 7/8 December 1941

text: 7/8 December 1941

question: When did Japan invade Manchuria?

answer: 19 September 1931

text: 19 September 1931

question: What nation initiated hostilities?

answer: Japan

text: Japan

question: What was the Pacific War theater part of after December 1941?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: When did Japan invade China?

answer: 7 July 1937

text: 7 July 1937


text: In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the time cost between 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year. This was unaffordable for most South African citizens, and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford. To do so, they would need to ignore the patents on drugs and produce generics within the country (using a compulsory license), or import them from abroad. After international protest in favour of public health rights (including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF), the governments of several developed countries (including The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US) backed the South African government, and the case was dropped in April of that year.

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

title: Pharmaceutical_industry

text: In

text: March

text: multi

text: national

text: pharmaceutical

text: companies

text: brought

text: litigation

text: against

text: South

text: Africa

text: for

text: its

text: Medicines

text: Act

text: which

text: allowed

text: the

text: generic

text: production

text: of

text: antiretroviral

text: drugs

text: ARVs

text: for

text: treating

text: HIV

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: these

text: drugs

text: were

text: on

text: patent

text: HIV

text: was

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: epidemic

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: ARVs

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: cost

text: between

text: and

text: USD

text: per

text: patient

text: per

text: year

text: This

text: was

text: unaffordable

text: for

text: most

text: South

text: African

text: citizens

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: government

text: committed

text: to

text: providing

text: ARVs

text: at

text: prices

text: closer

text: to

text: what

text: people

text: could

text: afford

text: To

text: do

text: so

text: they

text: would

text: need

text: to

text: ignore

text: the

text: patents

text: on

text: drugs

text: and

text: produce

text: generics

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: using

text: a

text: compulsory

text: license

text: or

text: import

text: them

text: from

text: abroad

text: After

text: international

text: protest

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: public

text: health

text: rights

text: including

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: signatures

text: by

text: MSF

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: several

text: developed

text: countries

text: including

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: France

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: US

text: backed

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: case

text: was

text: dropped

text: in

text: April

text: of

text: that

text: year

question: How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost?

answer: 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year

text: 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year

question: Who brought litigation to South Africa?

answer: 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies

text: 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies

question: How many signatures were collected by MSF?

answer: 250,000 signatures

text: 250,000 signatures

question: When was litigation brought to South Africa?

answer: March 2001

text: March 2001

question: Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped?

answer: The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US

text: The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US

question: How many companies sued South Africa for its Medicines Act?

answer: 40

question: South Africa's Medicines Act allowed for the generic production of what kind of drugs?

answer: antiretroviral

text: antiretroviral

question: How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly?

answer: between 10,000 and 15,000 USD

text: between 10,000 and 15,000 USD

question: How many signatures were collected supporting public health rights?

answer: 250,000

question: How much did treatment for each patient in ARV cost?

question: Who brought litigation to the ARV?

question: How many signatures were collected by ARV?

text: 250,000 signatures

question: When was litigation brought to ARV?

text: March 2001

question: Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped?


text: As early as 1650, settlers from the Virginia colony moved into the area of Albemarle Sound. By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; it generally established North Carolina's borders. He named it Carolina in honor of his father Charles I. By 1665, a second charter was issued to attempt to resolve territorial questions. In 1710, owing to disputes over governance, the Carolina colony began to split into North Carolina and South Carolina. The latter became a crown colony in 1729.

title: North_Carolina

title: North_Carolina

text: As

text: early

text: as

text: settlers

text: from

text: the

text: Virginia

text: colony

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Albemarle

text: Sound

text: By

text: King

text: Charles

text: II

text: of

text: England

text: granted

text: a

text: charter

text: to

text: start

text: a

text: new

text: colony

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: it

text: generally

text: established

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: borders

text: He

text: named

text: it

text: Carolina

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Charles

text: I.

text: By

text: a

text: second

text: charter

text: was

text: issued

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: resolve

text: territorial

text: questions

text: In

text: owing

text: to

text: disputes

text: over

text: governance

text: the

text: Carolina

text: colony

text: began

text: to

text: split

text: into

text: North

text: Carolina

text: and

text: South

text: Carolina

text: The

text: latter

text: became

text: a

text: crown

text: colony

text: in

question: In 1650, settlers from what colony moved in to Albemarie Sound?

answer: Virginia

text: Virginia

question: What year did King Charles II grant a charter to North America?

answer: 1663

question: What did King Charles II's charter establish?

answer: North Carolina's borders

text: North Carolina's borders

question: Carolina was named after King Charles iI's father, what was his name?

answer: Charles I

text: Charles I

question: What year was a second charter made to establish the borders of Carolina?

answer: 1665


text: As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters that hit El Salvador, including earthquakes and hurricanes. By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States

text: As

text: civil

text: wars

text: engulfed

text: several

text: Central

text: American

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: Salvadorans

text: fled

text: their

text: country

text: and

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: Salvadoran

text: immigrant

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: increased

text: nearly

text: fivefold

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: Salvadoran

text: immigrants

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: continued

text: to

text: grow

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: family

text: reunification

text: and

text: new

text: arrivals

text: fleeing

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: natural

text: disasters

text: that

text: hit

text: El

text: Salvador

text: including

text: earthquakes

text: and

text: hurricanes

text: By

text: there

text: were

text: about

text: million

text: Salvadoran

text: immigrants

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: Why did Central Americans flee to the U.S.?

answer: civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s

text: civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s

question: When did Salvadorans flee

answer: Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990

text: Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990

question: Are the Salvadorans a large population in the U.S.?

answer: the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000.

text: the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000.

question: Is the  Salvadoran population still growing?

answer: the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters

text: the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters

question: How many  Salvadorans  are in America now?

answer: By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

text: By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

question: Why did Central Americans flee to El Salvador?

question: How many Salvadorans are in Mexico now?

text: 1.1 million

question: What was the population of El Salvador in 1980?

question: What was the population of El Salvador in 1990?

question: What natural disasters hit the United States?

text: earthquakes and hurricanes


text: This view of 'diplomatic drift' as the cause of the war was first popularised by A. W, Kinglake, who portrayed the British as victims of newspaper sensationalism and duplicitous French and Ottoman diplomacy. More recently, the historians Andrew Lambert and Winfried Baumgart have argued that, first, Britain was following a geopolitical strategy in aiming to destroy a fledgling Russian Navy which might challenge the Royal Navy for control of the seas, and second that the war was a joint European response to a century of Russian expansion not just southwards but also into western Europe.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: This

text: view

text: of

text: diplomatic

text: drift

text: as

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: first

text: popularised

text: by

text: A.

text: W

text: Kinglake

text: who

text: portrayed

text: the

text: British

text: as

text: victims

text: of

text: newspaper

text: sensationalism

text: and

text: duplicitous

text: French

text: and

text: Ottoman

text: diplomacy

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: historians

text: Andrew

text: Lambert

text: and

text: Winfried

text: Baumgart

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: first

text: Britain

text: was

text: following

text: a

text: geopolitical

text: strategy

text: in

text: aiming

text: to

text: destroy

text: a

text: fledgling

text: Russian

text: Navy

text: which

text: might

text: challenge

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: seas

text: and

text: second

text: that

text: the

text: war

text: was

text: a

text: joint

text: European

text: response

text: to

text: a

text: century

text: of

text: Russian

text: expansion

text: not

text: just

text: southwards

text: but

text: also

text: into

text: western

text: Europe

question: Who made the view of diplomatic drift popular?

answer: A. W, Kinglake

text: A. W, Kinglake

question: What did A.W Kinglake make the British out to be?

answer: as victims

text: as victims

question: Who believed Britain was following a strategy when trying to destroy Russian Navy?

answer: Andrew Lambert and Winfried Baumgart

text: Andrew Lambert and Winfried Baumgart


text: The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: The

text: first

text: ground

text: attack

text: came

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Umm

text: Qasr

text: on

text: March

text: when

text: a

text: combined

text: force

text: of

text: British

text: American

text: and

text: Polish

text: forces

text: seized

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: port

text: city

text: of

text: Umm

text: Qasr

text: Baghdad

text: Iraq

text: 's

text: capital

text: city

text: fell

text: to

text: American

text: forces

text: in

text: April

text: and

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: 's

text: government

text: quickly

text: dissolved

text: On

text: May

text: Bush

text: announced

text: that

text: major

text: combat

text: operations

text: in

text: Iraq

text: had

text: ended

text: However

text: an

text: insurgency

text: arose

text: against

text: the

text: U.S

text: led

text: coalition

text: and

text: the

text: newly

text: developing

text: Iraqi

text: military

text: and

text: post

text: Saddam

text: government

text: The

text: insurgency

text: which

text: included

text: al

text: Qaeda

text: affiliated

text: groups

text: led

text: to

text: far

text: more

text: coalition

text: casualties

text: than

text: the

text: invasion

text: Other

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: insurgency

text: were

text: led

text: by

text: fugitive

text: members

text: of

text: President

text: Hussein

text: 's

text: Ba'ath

text: regime

text: which

text: included

text: Iraqi

text: nationalists

text: and

text: pan

text: Arabists

text: Many

text: insurgency

text: leaders

text: are

text: Islamists

text: and

text: claim

text: to

text: be

text: fighting

text: a

text: religious

text: war

text: to

text: reestablish

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Caliphate

text: of

text: centuries

text: past

text: Iraq

text: 's

text: former

text: president

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: was

text: captured

text: by

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: in

text: December

text: He

text: was

text: executed

text: in

question: When was the first ground attack in the post-9/11 Iraq war?

answer: 21 March 2003

text: 21 March 2003

question: Which nationalities worked together in the Battle of Umm Qasr?

answer: British, American and Polish

text: British, American and Polish

question: When did the US capture Baghdad?

answer: April 2003

text: April 2003

question: When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq?

answer: 1 May 2003

text: 1 May 2003

question: What regime were Hussein loyalists part of?

answer: Ba'ath

text: Ba'ath

question: When did the Battle of Qasr Umm take place?

text: 21 March 2003

question: What city fell to American forces in May 2003?

text: Baghdad

question: What announcement did Bush make on 1 April 2003?

question: Who was captured in December 2006?

text: Saddam Hussein

question: Who did the Bath regime include?

text: Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists

question: What country is Umm Qasr the capital of?

text: Baghdad

question: When did American forces fall?

text: April 2003

question: When did Saddam Hussein announce the operations had ended?

text: 1 May 2003

question: What had fewer casualties than the invasion?

text: The insurgency

question: When was the Islamic Caliphate executed by US forces?


text: Due to its large size and wide range of geographic features, the United States contains examples of nearly every global climate. The climate is temperate in most areas, subtropical in the Southern United States, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin. Its comparatively favorable agricultural climate contributed (in part) to the country's rise as a world power, with infrequent severe drought in the major agricultural regions, a general lack of widespread flooding, and a mainly temperate climate that receives adequate precipitation.

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

title: Geography_of_the_United_States

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: geographic

text: features

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: contains

text: examples

text: of

text: nearly

text: every

text: global

text: climate

text: The

text: climate

text: is

text: temperate

text: in

text: most

text: areas

text: subtropical

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: tropical

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: southern

text: Florida

text: polar

text: in

text: Alaska

text: semiarid

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: meridian

text: Mediterranean

text: in

text: coastal

text: California

text: and

text: arid

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Basin

text: Its

text: comparatively

text: favorable

text: agricultural

text: climate

text: contributed

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: rise

text: as

text: a

text: world

text: power

text: with

text: infrequent

text: severe

text: drought

text: in

text: the

text: major

text: agricultural

text: regions

text: a

text: general

text: lack

text: of

text: widespread

text: flooding

text: and

text: a

text: mainly

text: temperate

text: climate

text: that

text: receives

text: adequate

text: precipitation

question: What is the climate like in the Southern United States?

answer: subtropical

text: subtropical

question: Hawaii has what type of climate?

answer: tropical

text: tropical

question: Which state is known for its Mediterranean climate?

answer: California

text: California

question: What contributed to the rise of the US as a world power?

answer: agricultural climate

text: agricultural climate

question: What is the climate like in most areas of the US?

answer: temperate

text: temperate

question: The southwestern part of what country is subtropical

text: United States

question: Hawaii and what other state or subtropical?

text: Florida

question: The Great Plains are erred west of what Meridian?

question: The United States favorable agricultural climate hindered what?

text: the country's rise as a world power

question: The United States has frequent droughts and widespread what?

text: flooding


text: Richmond is home to several notable instances of various styles of modernism. Minoru Yamasaki designed the Federal Reserve Building which dominates the downtown skyline. The architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has designed two buildings: the Library of Virginia and the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building. Philip Johnson designed the WRVA Building. The Richard Neutra-designed Rice House, a residence on a private island on the James River, remains Richmond's only true International Style home. The W.G. Harris residence in Richmond was designed by famed early modern architect and member of the Harvard Five, Landis Gores. Other notable architects to have worked in the city include Rick Mather, I.M. Pei, and Gordon Bunshaft.

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Richmond

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: notable

text: instances

text: of

text: various

text: styles

text: of

text: modernism

text: Minoru

text: Yamasaki

text: designed

text: the

text: Federal

text: Reserve

text: Building

text: which

text: dominates

text: the

text: downtown

text: skyline

text: The

text: architectural

text: firm

text: of

text: Skidmore

text: Owings

text: Merrill

text: has

text: designed

text: two

text: buildings

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Virginia

text: and

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: Offices

text: at

text: the

text: Eighth

text: and

text: Main

text: Building

text: Philip

text: Johnson

text: designed

text: the

text: WRVA

text: Building

text: The

text: Richard

text: Neutra

text: designed

text: Rice

text: House

text: a

text: residence

text: on

text: a

text: private

text: island

text: on

text: the

text: James

text: River

text: remains

text: Richmond

text: 's

text: only

text: true

text: International

text: Style

text: home

text: The

text: W.G.

text: Harris

text: residence

text: in

text: Richmond

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: famed

text: early

text: modern

text: architect

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Five

text: Landis

text: Gores

text: Other

text: notable

text: architects

text: to

text: have

text: worked

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: Rick

text: Mather

text: I.M.

text: Pei

text: and

text: Gordon

text: Bunshaft

question: Who was the designer of the Federal Reserve Building?

answer: Minoru Yamasaki

text: Minoru Yamasaki

question: Who designed the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building?

answer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

text: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

question: What architectural style was the Rice House designed in?

answer: International

text: International

question: What university was Landis Gores associated with?

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

question: Who did Landis Gores design a home for?

answer: W.G. Harris

text: W.G. Harris


text: The Gothic vault, unlike the semi-circular vault of Roman and Romanesque buildings, can be used to roof rectangular and irregularly shaped plans such as trapezoids. The other structural advantage is that the pointed arch channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle. This enabled architects to raise vaults much higher than was possible in Romanesque architecture. While, structurally, use of the pointed arch gave a greater flexibility to architectural form, it also gave Gothic architecture a very different and more vertical visual character than Romanesque.

title: Gothic_architecture

title: Gothic_architecture

text: The

text: Gothic

text: vault

text: unlike

text: the

text: semi

text: circular

text: vault

text: of

text: Roman

text: and

text: Romanesque

text: buildings

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: roof

text: rectangular

text: and

text: irregularly

text: shaped

text: plans

text: such

text: as

text: trapezoids

text: The

text: other

text: structural

text: advantage

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: pointed

text: arch

text: channels

text: the

text: weight

text: onto

text: the

text: bearing

text: piers

text: or

text: columns

text: at

text: a

text: steep

text: angle

text: This

text: enabled

text: architects

text: to

text: raise

text: vaults

text: much

text: higher

text: than

text: was

text: possible

text: in

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: While

text: structurally

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: pointed

text: arch

text: gave

text: a

text: greater

text: flexibility

text: to

text: architectural

text: form

text: it

text: also

text: gave

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: a

text: very

text: different

text: and

text: more

text: vertical

text: visual

text: character

text: than

text: Romanesque

question: Which type of vault can be used for rectangular and trapezoidal shaped roofs?

answer: The Gothic vault

text: The Gothic vault

question: What structural benefit is offered by the Gothic vault?

answer: channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle

text: channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle

question: What can architects raise much higher using the Gothic versus the Romanesque variety?

answer: vaults

text: vaults

question: What type of visual character is achieved by using the pointed arch?

answer: more vertical visual character

text: more vertical visual character

question: Which type of vault can be used for circular and square shaped roofs?

text: Gothic vault

question: What structural danger is offered by the Gothic vault?

question: What can architects raise much lower using the Gothic versus the Romanesque variety?

text: vaults

question: What type of visual character is forgotten by using the pointed arch?

text: more vertical visual character


text: The first elected head of government was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas. Cárdenas resigned in 1999 to run in the 2000 presidential elections and designated Rosario Robles to succeed him, who became the first woman (elected or otherwise) to govern Mexico City. In 2000 Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected, and resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections, Alejandro Encinas being designated by the Legislative Assembly to finish the term. In 2006, Marcelo Ebrard was elected for the 2006–2012 period.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: The

text: first

text: elected

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: was

text: Cuauhtémoc

text: Cárdenas

text: Cárdenas

text: resigned

text: in

text: to

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: presidential

text: elections

text: and

text: designated

text: Rosario

text: Robles

text: to

text: succeed

text: him

text: who

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: elected

text: or

text: otherwise

text: to

text: govern

text: Mexico

text: City

text: In

text: Andrés

text: Manuel

text: López

text: Obrador

text: was

text: elected

text: and

text: resigned

text: in

text: to

text: run

text: in

text: the

text: presidential

text: elections

text: Alejandro

text: Encinas

text: being

text: designated

text: by

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: to

text: finish

text: the

text: term

text: In

text: Marcelo

text: Ebrard

text: was

text: elected

text: for

text: the

text: period

question: Who was elected to be the head of government in 2006?

answer: Marcelo Ebrard

text: Marcelo Ebrard

question: Why did the first elected head of government of Mexico City resign?

answer: to run in the 2000 presidential elections

text: to run in the 2000 presidential elections

question: Who was the second head of government elected?

answer: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

text: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

question: Who was head of government after the first elected head of government?

answer: Rosario Robles

text: Rosario Robles

question: Who was the first woman to run Mexico City?

answer: Rosario Robles

text: Rosario Robles