text: Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces can operate, secure from air and missile threats. The DCA mission comprises both active and passive defense measures. Active defense is "the employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy" (JP 1-02). It includes both ballistic missile defense and air breathing threat defense, and encompasses point defense, area defense, and high value airborne asset defense. Passive defense is "measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative" (JP 1-02). It includes detection and warning; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense; camouflage, concealment, and deception; hardening; reconstitution; dispersion; redundancy; and mobility, counter-measures, and stealth.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Defensive

text: Counterair

text: DCA

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: all

text: the

text: defensive

text: measures

text: designed

text: to

text: detect

text: identify

text: intercept

text: and

text: destroy

text: or

text: negate

text: enemy

text: forces

text: attempting

text: to

text: penetrate

text: or

text: attack

text: through

text: friendly

text: airspace

text: JP

text: A

text: major

text: goal

text: of

text: DCA

text: operations

text: in

text: concert

text: with

text: OCA

text: operations

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: area

text: from

text: which

text: forces

text: can

text: operate

text: secure

text: from

text: air

text: and

text: missile

text: threats

text: The

text: DCA

text: mission

text: comprises

text: both

text: active

text: and

text: passive

text: defense

text: measures

text: Active

text: defense

text: is

text: the

text: employment

text: of

text: limited

text: offensive

text: action

text: and

text: counterattacks

text: to

text: deny

text: a

text: contested

text: area

text: or

text: position

text: to

text: the

text: enemy

text: JP

text: It

text: includes

text: both

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: defense

text: and

text: air

text: breathing

text: threat

text: defense

text: and

text: encompasses

text: point

text: defense

text: area

text: defense

text: and

text: high

text: value

text: airborne

text: asset

text: defense

text: Passive

text: defense

text: is

text: measures

text: taken

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: probability

text: of

text: and

text: to

text: minimize

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: damage

text: caused

text: by

text: hostile

text: action

text: without

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: taking

text: the

text: initiative

text: JP

text: It

text: includes

text: detection

text: and

text: warning

text: chemical

text: biological

text: radiological

text: and

text: nuclear

text: defense

text: camouflage

text: concealment

text: and

text: deception

text: hardening

text: reconstitution

text: dispersion

text: redundancy

text: and

text: mobility

text: counter

text: measures

text: and

text: stealth

question: What does the abbreviation DCA stand for?

answer: Defensive Counterair

text: Defensive Counterair

question: What sort of airspace is the DCA designed to protect?

answer: friendly

text: friendly

question: What is active defense, according to the functions of the DCA?

answer: employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks

text: employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks

question: What kind of missile defense does active defense protect against, according to the DCA?

answer: ballistic

text: ballistic

question: What is one of the many ways the DCA utilizes passive defense to protect from enemy attacks?

answer: counter-measures

text: counter-measures


text: It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (formerly known as the RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group.[citation needed] However the longest continuously-singing group is probably The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University, which was formed in 1909 and once included Cole Porter as a member. Collegiate a cappella groups grew throughout the 20th century. Some notable historical groups formed along the way include Princeton University's Tigertones (1946), Colgate University's The Colgate 13 (1942), Dartmouth College's Aires (1946), Cornell University's Cayuga's Waiters (1949) and The Hangovers (1968), the University of Maine Maine Steiners (1958), the Columbia University Kingsmen (1949), the Jabberwocks of Brown University (1949), and the University of Rochester YellowJackets (1956). All-women a cappella groups followed shortly, frequently as a parody of the men's groups: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College (1936), The Shwiffs of Connecticut College (The She-Whiffenpoofs, 1944), and The Chattertocks of Brown University (1951). A cappella groups exploded in popularity beginning in the 1990s, fueled in part by a change in style popularized by the Tufts University Beelzebubs and the Boston University Dear Abbeys. The new style used voices to emulate modern rock instruments, including vocal percussion/"beatboxing". Some larger universities now have multiple groups. Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre, a 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as International Quartet Champions The Boston Common and the contemporary commercial a cappella group Rockapella. Co-ed groups have produced many up-and-coming and major artists, including John Legend, an alumnus of the Counterparts at the University of Pennsylvania, and Sara Bareilles, an alumna of Awaken A Cappella at University of California, Los Angeles. Mira Sorvino is an alumna of the Harvard-Radcliffe Veritones of Harvard College where she had the solo on Only You by Yaz.

title: A_cappella

title: A_cappella

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: exactly

text: where

text: collegiate

text: a

text: cappella

text: began

text: The

text: Rensselyrics

text: of

text: Rensselaer

text: Polytechnic

text: Institute

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: RPI

text: Glee

text: Club

text: established

text: in

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: oldest

text: known

text: collegiate

text: a

text: cappella

text: group.[citation

text: needed

text: However

text: the

text: longest

text: continuously

text: singing

text: group

text: is

text: probably

text: The

text: Whiffenpoofs

text: of

text: Yale

text: University

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: once

text: included

text: Cole

text: Porter

text: as

text: a

text: member

text: Collegiate

text: a

text: cappella

text: groups

text: grew

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: Some

text: notable

text: historical

text: groups

text: formed

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: include

text: Princeton

text: University

text: 's

text: Tigertones

text: Colgate

text: University

text: 's

text: The

text: Colgate

text: Dartmouth

text: College

text: 's

text: Aires

text: Cornell

text: University

text: 's

text: Cayuga

text: 's

text: Waiters

text: and

text: The

text: Hangovers

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Maine

text: Maine

text: Steiners

text: the

text: Columbia

text: University

text: Kingsmen

text: the

text: Jabberwocks

text: of

text: Brown

text: University

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Rochester

text: YellowJackets

text: All

text: women

text: a

text: cappella

text: groups

text: followed

text: shortly

text: frequently

text: as

text: a

text: parody

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: groups

text: the

text: Smiffenpoofs

text: of

text: Smith

text: College

text: The

text: Shwiffs

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: College

text: The

text: She

text: Whiffenpoofs

text: and

text: The

text: Chattertocks

text: of

text: Brown

text: University

text: A

text: cappella

text: groups

text: exploded

text: in

text: popularity

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: fueled

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: style

text: popularized

text: by

text: the

text: Tufts

text: University

text: Beelzebubs

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: University

text: Dear

text: Abbeys

text: The

text: new

text: style

text: used

text: voices

text: to

text: emulate

text: modern

text: rock

text: instruments

text: including

text: vocal

text: percussion/"beatboxing

text: Some

text: larger

text: universities

text: now

text: have

text: multiple

text: groups

text: Groups

text: often

text: join

text: one

text: another

text: in

text: on

text: campus

text: concerts

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Georgetown

text: Chimes

text: Cherry

text: Tree

text: Massacre

text: a

text: a

text: cappella

text: festival

text: held

text: each

text: February

text: since

text: where

text: over

text: a

text: hundred

text: collegiate

text: groups

text: have

text: appeared

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: International

text: Quartet

text: Champions

text: The

text: Boston

text: Common

text: and

text: the

text: contemporary

text: commercial

text: a

text: cappella

text: group

text: Rockapella

text: Co

text: ed

text: groups

text: have

text: produced

text: many

text: up

text: and

text: coming

text: and

text: major

text: artists

text: including

text: John

text: Legend

text: an

text: alumnus

text: of

text: the

text: Counterparts

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: Sara

text: Bareilles

text: an

text: alumna

text: of

text: Awaken

text: A

text: Cappella

text: at

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Mira

text: Sorvino

text: is

text: an

text: alumna

text: of

text: the

text: Harvard

text: Radcliffe

text: Veritones

text: of

text: Harvard

text: College

text: where

text: she

text: had

text: the

text: solo

text: on

text: Only

text: You

text: by

text: Yaz

question: What is the previous name of oldest recorded college a cappella group?

answer: RPI Glee Club

text: RPI Glee Club

question: What prominent composer was once a member of The Whiffenpoofs?

answer: Cole Porter

text: Cole Porter

question: What is the name of the a capella group that was a parody of The Whiffenpoofs?

answer: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College

text: the Smiffenpoofs of Smith College

question: What is the name of the college a capella event that's been held since 1975?

answer: Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre

text: Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre

question: What well-known musician was once part of the college a capella group The Counterparts?

answer: John Legend

text: John Legend

question: Who was formerly a member of The Rensselyrics of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute?

text: Cole Porter

question: What group was formed in 1873 and is is the longest continually singing group?

text: The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University

question: During what time period did continuously-singing groups grow?

text: throughout the 20th century

question: What were The Whiffenpoofs of Yale University often a parody of?

text: the men's groups

question: When did women's groups popularity explode?

text: beginning in the 1990s


text: The record attendance for an Everton home match is 78,299 against Liverpool on 18 September 1948. Amazingly, there was only 1 injury at this game-Tom Fleetwood was hit on the head by a coin thrown from the crowd whilst he marched around the perimeter with St Edward's Orphanage Band, playing the cornet. Goodison Park, like all major English football grounds since the recommendations of the Taylor Report were implemented, is now an all-seater and only holds just under 40,000, meaning it is unlikely that this attendance record will ever be broken at Goodison. Everton's record transfer paid was to Chelsea for Belgian forward Romelu Lukaku for a sum of £28m. Everton bought the player after he played the previous year with the team on loan.

title: Everton_F.C.

title: Everton_F.C.

text: The

text: record

text: attendance

text: for

text: an

text: Everton

text: home

text: match

text: is

text: against

text: Liverpool

text: on

text: September

text: Amazingly

text: there

text: was

text: only

text: injury

text: at

text: this

text: game

text: Tom

text: Fleetwood

text: was

text: hit

text: on

text: the

text: head

text: by

text: a

text: coin

text: thrown

text: from

text: the

text: crowd

text: whilst

text: he

text: marched

text: around

text: the

text: perimeter

text: with

text: St

text: Edward

text: 's

text: Orphanage

text: Band

text: playing

text: the

text: cornet

text: Goodison

text: Park

text: like

text: all

text: major

text: English

text: football

text: grounds

text: since

text: the

text: recommendations

text: of

text: the

text: Taylor

text: Report

text: were

text: implemented

text: is

text: now

text: an

text: all

text: seater

text: and

text: only

text: holds

text: just

text: under

text: meaning

text: it

text: is

text: unlikely

text: that

text: this

text: attendance

text: record

text: will

text: ever

text: be

text: broken

text: at

text: Goodison

text: Everton

text: 's

text: record

text: transfer

text: paid

text: was

text: to

text: Chelsea

text: for

text: Belgian

text: forward

text: Romelu

text: Lukaku

text: for

text: a

text: sum

text: of

text: m

text: Everton

text: bought

text: the

text: player

text: after

text: he

text: played

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: with

text: the

text: team

text: on

text: loan

question: How many fans were in attendance during Everton's match against Liverpool on September 18, 1948?

answer: 78,299

question: How many fans were injured in Everton's 1948 match against Liverpool that drew the largest crowd they've had?

answer: 1

question: Who was injured during Everton's record attendance match against Liverpool in 1948?

answer: Tom Fleetwood

text: Tom Fleetwood

question: How many people does Goodison Park stadium hold?

answer: under 40,000

text: under 40,000

question: How much did Everton FC pay to transfer Belgian forward Romelu Lukaku?

answer: £28m

question: What's the smallest attendance ever for an Everton home match against Liverpool?

question: In what year was the Taylor Report recommendations implemented?

question: What was Romelu Lukaku's highest pay for one season?

question: How much did it cost to build Goodison Park?

question: In what year was Goodison Park built?


text: However, the 18th century saw the European empires gradually expand across the world, as European states developed economies built on maritime trade. The dynasty was confronted with newly developing concepts of the international system and state to state relations. European trading posts expanded into territorial control in nearby India and on the islands that are now Indonesia. The Qing response, successful for a time, was in 1756 to establish the Canton System, which restricted maritime trade to that city and gave monopoly trading rights to private Chinese merchants. The British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company had long before been granted similar monopoly rights by their governments.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: However

text: the

text: century

text: saw

text: the

text: European

text: empires

text: gradually

text: expand

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: European

text: states

text: developed

text: economies

text: built

text: on

text: maritime

text: trade

text: The

text: dynasty

text: was

text: confronted

text: with

text: newly

text: developing

text: concepts

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: system

text: and

text: state

text: to

text: state

text: relations

text: European

text: trading

text: posts

text: expanded

text: into

text: territorial

text: control

text: in

text: nearby

text: India

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: that

text: are

text: now

text: Indonesia

text: The

text: Qing

text: response

text: successful

text: for

text: a

text: time

text: was

text: in

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: Canton

text: System

text: which

text: restricted

text: maritime

text: trade

text: to

text: that

text: city

text: and

text: gave

text: monopoly

text: trading

text: rights

text: to

text: private

text: Chinese

text: merchants

text: The

text: British

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: had

text: long

text: before

text: been

text: granted

text: similar

text: monopoly

text: rights

text: by

text: their

text: governments

question: Which empires grew during the 18th century?

answer: European states

text: European states

question: What were the economies of the European empires built on?

answer: maritime trade

text: maritime trade

question: What country near China did the Europeans first control?

answer: India

text: India

question: What was the only city the Chinese allowed the Europeans into to trade?

answer: Canton

text: Canton

question: Which two European companies traded in Canton?

answer: British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company

text: British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company


text: USB is a serial bus, using four shielded wires for the USB 2.0 variant: two for power (VBUS and GND), and two for differential data signals (labelled as D+ and D− in pinouts). Non-Return-to-Zero Inverted (NRZI) encoding scheme is used for transferring data, with a sync field to synchronize the host and receiver clocks. D+ and D− signals are transmitted on a twisted pair, providing half-duplex data transfers for USB 2.0. Mini and micro connectors have their GND connections moved from pin #4 to pin #5, while their pin #4 serves as an ID pin for the On-The-Go host/client identification.

title: USB

title: USB

text: USB

text: is

text: a

text: serial

text: bus

text: using

text: four

text: shielded

text: wires

text: for

text: the

text: USB

text: variant

text: two

text: for

text: power

text: VBUS

text: and

text: GND

text: and

text: two

text: for

text: differential

text: data

text: signals

text: labelled

text: as

text: D+

text: and

text: D−

text: in

text: pinouts

text: Non

text: Return

text: to

text: Zero

text: Inverted

text: NRZI

text: encoding

text: scheme

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: transferring

text: data

text: with

text: a

text: sync

text: field

text: to

text: synchronize

text: the

text: host

text: and

text: receiver

text: clocks

text: D+

text: and

text: D−

text: signals

text: are

text: transmitted

text: on

text: a

text: twisted

text: pair

text: providing

text: half

text: duplex

text: data

text: transfers

text: for

text: USB

text: Mini

text: and

text: micro

text: connectors

text: have

text: their

text: GND

text: connections

text: moved

text: from

text: pin

text: to

text: pin

text: while

text: their

text: pin

text: serves

text: as

text: an

text: ID

text: pin

text: for

text: the

text: On

text: The

text: Go

text: host

text: client

text: identification

question: What is USB?

answer: a serial bus

text: a serial bus

question: What kind of wires does the USB 2.0 variant use?

answer: four shielded wires

text: four shielded wires

question: What are the four shielded wires in the USB 2.0 variant used for?

answer: two for power (VBUS and GND), and two for differential data signals

text: two for power (VBUS and GND), and two for differential data signals


text: A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.

title: Compact_disc

title: Compact_disc

text: A

text: CD

text: is

text: read

text: by

text: focusing

text: a

text: nm

text: wavelength

text: near

text: infrared

text: semiconductor

text: laser

text: housed

text: within

text: the

text: CD

text: player

text: through

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: polycarbonate

text: layer

text: The

text: change

text: in

text: height

text: between

text: pits

text: and

text: lands

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: the

text: light

text: is

text: reflected

text: By

text: measuring

text: the

text: intensity

text: change

text: with

text: a

text: photodiode

text: the

text: data

text: can

text: be

text: read

text: from

text: the

text: disc

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: accommodate

text: the

text: spiral

text: pattern

text: of

text: data

text: the

text: semiconductor

text: laser

text: is

text: placed

text: on

text: a

text: swing

text: arm

text: within

text: the

text: disc

text: tray

text: of

text: any

text: CD

text: player

text: This

text: swing

text: arm

text: allows

text: the

text: laser

text: to

text: read

text: information

text: from

text: the

text: centre

text: to

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: a

text: disc

text: without

text: having

text: to

text: interrupt

text: the

text: spinning

text: of

text: the

text: disc

text: itself

question: Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?

answer: on a swing arm

text: on a swing arm

question: What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?

answer: 780 nm

text: 780 nm

question: In what pattern is data stored on a CD?

answer: spiral

text: spiral

question: What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?

answer: photodiode

text: photodiode

question: What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?

answer: change in height between pits and lands

text: change in height between pits and lands

question: How long is the swing arm?

text: 780 nm

question: How many layers of polycarbonate are there?

text: the bottom of the polycarbonate layer

question: Why is the data arranged in a spiral pattern?

question: Where is the photodiode?

text: within the disc tray

question: What does the width of a pit indicate?

text: the way the light is reflected


text: Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Society (1988). In 1992, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for "symbolising the open spirit of the 20th century" and for his "enormous influence on the formation of the modern intellectual climate".

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: Other

text: awards

text: and

text: recognition

text: for

text: Popper

text: included

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Vienna

text: Prize

text: for

text: the

text: Humanities

text: Karl

text: Renner

text: Prize

text: Austrian

text: Decoration

text: for

text: Science

text: and

text: Art

text: Dr.

text: Leopold

text: Lucas

text: Prize

text: Ring

text: of

text: Honour

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Vienna

text: and

text: the

text: Premio

text: Internazionale

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Federico

text: Nietzsche

text: Society

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Kyoto

text: Prize

text: in

text: Arts

text: and

text: Philosophy

text: for

text: symbolising

text: the

text: open

text: spirit

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: for

text: his

text: enormous

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: intellectual

text: climate

question: In which year did Popper win the Karl Renner Prize?

answer: 1978

question: Which city made Popper part of its Ring of Honour in 1983?

answer: Vienna

text: Vienna

question: What award given by a Japanese foundation did Popper win in 1992?

answer: Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy

text: Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy

question: Popper won the Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize in which year?

answer: 1981

question: What year did Popper win the City of Berlin Prize for the Humanities?

question: What award did Popper win in 1970?

text: Karl Renner Prize

question: What award given by an American foundation did Popper win in 1992?

text: Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy

question: Why was Popper awarded the Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna?

question: What prize did Karl Renner recieve in 1981?

text: Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize


text: The Soviet answer on 4 May admonished Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) for failing to admit and correct its mistakes, and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans, maintaining that the Red Army had saved them from destruction. Tito's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June. However, Tito did not attend the second meeting of the Cominform, fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked. In 1949 the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict, as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier. On 28 June, the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia, citing "nationalist elements" that had "managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership" of the CPY. The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse; 'I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito,' Stalin remarked. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged "Titoists". Stalin took the matter personally and arranged several assassination attempts on Tito, none of which succeeded. In a correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote:

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

title: Josip_Broz_Tito

text: The

text: Soviet

text: answer

text: on

text: May

text: admonished

text: Tito

text: and

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: CPY

text: for

text: failing

text: to

text: admit

text: and

text: correct

text: its

text: mistakes

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: accuse

text: them

text: of

text: being

text: too

text: proud

text: of

text: their

text: successes

text: against

text: the

text: Germans

text: maintaining

text: that

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: had

text: saved

text: them

text: from

text: destruction

text: Tito

text: 's

text: response

text: on

text: May

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: matter

text: be

text: settled

text: at

text: the

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: Cominform

text: to

text: be

text: held

text: that

text: June

text: However

text: Tito

text: did

text: not

text: attend

text: the

text: second

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: Cominform

text: fearing

text: that

text: Yugoslavia

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: openly

text: attacked

text: In

text: the

text: crisis

text: nearly

text: escalated

text: into

text: an

text: armed

text: conflict

text: as

text: Hungarian

text: and

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: were

text: massing

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: Yugoslav

text: frontier

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: other

text: member

text: countries

text: expelled

text: Yugoslavia

text: citing

text: nationalist

text: elements

text: that

text: had

text: managed

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: months

text: to

text: reach

text: a

text: dominant

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: the

text: CPY

text: The

text: assumption

text: in

text: Moscow

text: was

text: that

text: once

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: lost

text: Soviet

text: approval

text: Tito

text: would

text: collapse

text: I

text: will

text: shake

text: my

text: little

text: finger

text: and

text: there

text: will

text: be

text: no

text: more

text: Tito

text: Stalin

text: remarked

text: The

text: expulsion

text: effectively

text: banished

text: Yugoslavia

text: from

text: the

text: international

text: association

text: of

text: socialist

text: states

text: while

text: other

text: socialist

text: states

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: subsequently

text: underwent

text: purges

text: of

text: alleged

text: Titoists

text: Stalin

text: took

text: the

text: matter

text: personally

text: and

text: arranged

text: several

text: assassination

text: attempts

text: on

text: Tito

text: of

text: which

text: succeeded

text: In

text: a

text: correspondence

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: leaders

text: Tito

text: openly

text: wrote

question: Tito did not attend the second meeting of this.

answer: Cominform

text: Cominform

question: In what year did the crisis nearly escalate into armed conflict?

answer: 1949

question: What was the name of those purged in other socialist states in Eastern Europe?

answer: Titoists

text: Titoists

question: Who made several assasination attempts on Tito?

answer: Stalin

text: Stalin


text: The Treaty of Paris stood until 1871, when France was defeated by Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. While Prussia and several other German states united to form a powerful German Empire, the Emperor of the French, Napoleon III, was deposed to permit the formation of a Third French Republic. During his reign, Napoleon III, eager for the support of the United Kingdom, had opposed Russia over the Eastern Question. Russian interference in the Ottoman Empire, however, did not in any significant manner threaten the interests of France. Thus, France abandoned its opposition to Russia after the establishment of a republic. Encouraged by the decision of the French, and supported by the German minister Otto von Bismarck, Russia renounced the Black Sea clauses of the treaty agreed to in 1856. As the United Kingdom alone could not enforce the clauses, Russia once again established a fleet in the Black Sea.

title: Crimean_War

title: Crimean_War

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Paris

text: stood

text: until

text: when

text: France

text: was

text: defeated

text: by

text: Prussia

text: in

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: of

text: While

text: Prussia

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: German

text: states

text: united

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: powerful

text: German

text: Empire

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: was

text: deposed

text: to

text: permit

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: Third

text: French

text: Republic

text: During

text: his

text: reign

text: Napoleon

text: III

text: eager

text: for

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: had

text: opposed

text: Russia

text: over

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Question

text: Russian

text: interference

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: however

text: did

text: not

text: in

text: any

text: significant

text: manner

text: threaten

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: France

text: Thus

text: France

text: abandoned

text: its

text: opposition

text: to

text: Russia

text: after

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: republic

text: Encouraged

text: by

text: the

text: decision

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: minister

text: Otto

text: von

text: Bismarck

text: Russia

text: renounced

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: clauses

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: agreed

text: to

text: in

text: As

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: alone

text: could

text: not

text: enforce

text: the

text: clauses

text: Russia

text: once

text: again

text: established

text: a

text: fleet

text: in

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

question: What year did the Treaty of Paris fall?

answer: 1871

question: In what war was France defeated by Prussia?

answer: Franco-Prussian War

text: Franco-Prussian War

question: Between what years did the  Franco-Prussian War take place?

answer: 1870–1871

question: Napoleon III was removed to form what?

answer: a Third French Republic

text: a Third French Republic

question: Who renounced the Black Sea clause?

answer: Russia

text: Russia


text: Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the standard was made under the responsibilities of Leon van de Kerkhof (Layer I) and Gerhard Stoll (Layer II).

title: MP3

title: MP3

text: Much

text: of

text: its

text: technology

text: and

text: ideas

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: ISO

text: MPEG

text: Audio

text: Layer

text: I

text: and

text: Layer

text: II

text: and

text: the

text: filter

text: bank

text: alone

text: into

text: Layer

text: III

text: format

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: computationally

text: inefficient

text: hybrid

text: filter

text: bank

text: Under

text: the

text: chairmanship

text: of

text: Professor

text: Musmann

text: University

text: of

text: Hannover

text: the

text: editing

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: was

text: made

text: under

text: the

text: responsibilities

text: of

text: Leon

text: van

text: de

text: Kerkhof

text: Layer

text: I

text: and

text: Gerhard

text: Stoll

text: Layer

text: II

question: What was only incorporated into Layer III and not Layers I or II?

answer: filter bank

text: filter bank

question: Who was the chair that oversaw the editing of the standard?

answer: Professor Musmann

text: Professor Musmann

question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer I?

answer: Leon van de Kerkhof

text: Leon van de Kerkhof

question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer II?

answer: Gerhard Stoll

text: Gerhard Stoll


text: USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip (HSIC) is a chip-to-chip variant of USB 2.0 that eliminates the conventional analog transceivers found in normal USB. It was adopted as a standard by the USB Implementers Forum in 2007. The HSIC physical layer uses about 50% less power and 75% less board area compared to traditional USB 2.0. HSIC uses two signals at 1.2 V and has a throughput of 480 Mbit/s. Maximum PCB trace length for HSIC is 10 cm. It does not have low enough latency to support RAM memory sharing between two chips.

title: USB

title: USB

text: USB

text: High

text: Speed

text: Inter

text: Chip

text: HSIC

text: is

text: a

text: chip

text: to

text: chip

text: variant

text: of

text: USB

text: that

text: eliminates

text: the

text: conventional

text: analog

text: transceivers

text: found

text: in

text: normal

text: USB

text: It

text: was

text: adopted

text: as

text: a

text: standard

text: by

text: the

text: USB

text: Implementers

text: Forum

text: in

text: The

text: HSIC

text: physical

text: layer

text: uses

text: about

text: less

text: power

text: and

text: less

text: board

text: area

text: compared

text: to

text: traditional

text: USB

text: HSIC

text: uses

text: two

text: signals

text: at

text: V

text: and

text: has

text: a

text: throughput

text: of

text: Mbit

text: s

text: Maximum

text: PCB

text: trace

text: length

text: for

text: HSIC

text: is

text: cm

text: It

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: low

text: enough

text: latency

text: to

text: support

text: RAM

text: memory

text: sharing

text: between

text: two

text: chips

question: USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip (HSIC) is a what?

answer: chip-to-chip variant of USB 2.0

text: chip-to-chip variant of USB 2.0

question: What does USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip eliminate?

answer: the conventional analog transceivers found in normal USB

text: the conventional analog transceivers found in normal USB

question: When was the USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip adopted as the standard by the USB Implementers Forum

answer: 2007


text: China's network security and information technology leadership team was established February 27, 2014. The leadership team is tasked with national security and long-term development and co-ordination of major issues related to network security and information technology. Economic, political, cultural, social and military fields as related to network security and information technology strategy, planning and major macroeconomic policy are being researched. The promotion of national network security and information technology law are constantly under study for enhanced national security capabilities.

title: Computer_security

title: Computer_security

text: China

text: 's

text: network

text: security

text: and

text: information

text: technology

text: leadership

text: team

text: was

text: established

text: February

text: The

text: leadership

text: team

text: is

text: tasked

text: with

text: national

text: security

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: development

text: and

text: co

text: ordination

text: of

text: major

text: issues

text: related

text: to

text: network

text: security

text: and

text: information

text: technology

text: Economic

text: political

text: cultural

text: social

text: and

text: military

text: fields

text: as

text: related

text: to

text: network

text: security

text: and

text: information

text: technology

text: strategy

text: planning

text: and

text: major

text: macroeconomic

text: policy

text: are

text: being

text: researched

text: The

text: promotion

text: of

text: national

text: network

text: security

text: and

text: information

text: technology

text: law

text: are

text: constantly

text: under

text: study

text: for

text: enhanced

text: national

text: security

text: capabilities

question: When was Chine's network security and information technology leadership team established?

answer: February 27, 2014

text: February 27, 2014

question: What is the reason for studying the promotion of national network security ad information technology law?

answer: enhanced national security capabilities.

text: enhanced national security capabilities.

question: What country has a network security and information technology leadership team??

answer: China

text: China

question: Why was China's network security team established?

question: What long term developments do they hope to achieve?

question: Why is network security under study?

text: enhanced national security capabilities

question: Who is the leadership team?

question: Who is promoting the leadership team and its developments?

text: China's

question: Who is researching microeconomic policy?

question: Which fields unrelated to network security does China's leadership team research?

question: Who is tasked with the short term development of network security?

text: The leadership team

question: When were China's enhanced national security capabilities established?


text: Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans; in 2003, 76 million tons of poultry and 61 million tons of eggs were produced worldwide. Chickens account for much of human poultry consumption, though domesticated turkeys, ducks, and geese are also relatively common. Many species of birds are also hunted for meat. Bird hunting is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely undeveloped areas. The most important birds hunted in North and South America are waterfowl; other widely hunted birds include pheasants, wild turkeys, quail, doves, partridge, grouse, snipe, and woodcock. Muttonbirding is also popular in Australia and New Zealand. Though some hunting, such as that of muttonbirds, may be sustainable, hunting has led to the extinction or endangerment of dozens of species.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Domesticated

text: birds

text: raised

text: for

text: meat

text: and

text: eggs

text: called

text: poultry

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: source

text: of

text: animal

text: protein

text: eaten

text: by

text: humans

text: in

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: poultry

text: and

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: eggs

text: were

text: produced

text: worldwide

text: Chickens

text: account

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: human

text: poultry

text: consumption

text: though

text: domesticated

text: turkeys

text: ducks

text: and

text: geese

text: are

text: also

text: relatively

text: common

text: Many

text: species

text: of

text: birds

text: are

text: also

text: hunted

text: for

text: meat

text: Bird

text: hunting

text: is

text: primarily

text: a

text: recreational

text: activity

text: except

text: in

text: extremely

text: undeveloped

text: areas

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: birds

text: hunted

text: in

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: are

text: waterfowl

text: other

text: widely

text: hunted

text: birds

text: include

text: pheasants

text: wild

text: turkeys

text: quail

text: doves

text: partridge

text: grouse

text: snipe

text: and

text: woodcock

text: Muttonbirding

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Though

text: some

text: hunting

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: muttonbirds

text: may

text: be

text: sustainable

text: hunting

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: extinction

text: or

text: endangerment

text: of

text: dozens

text: of

text: species

question: What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs?

answer: poultry

text: poultry

question: What is the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans?

answer: poultry

text: poultry

question: In 2003, how many tons of poultry were produced worldwide?

answer: 76 million tons

text: 76 million tons

question: What is primarily a recreational activity except in extremely underdeveloped areas?

answer: Bird hunting

text: Bird hunting


text: AOC Bomber Command Arthur Harris did see German morale as a major objective. However, he did not believe that the morale-collapse could occur without the destruction of the German economy. The primary goal of Bomber Command's offensives was to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale. In late 1943, just before the Battle of Berlin, he declared the power of Bomber Command would enable it to achieve "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable." A summary of Harris' strategic intentions was clear:

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: AOC

text: Bomber

text: Command

text: Arthur

text: Harris

text: did

text: see

text: German

text: morale

text: as

text: a

text: major

text: objective

text: However

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: morale

text: collapse

text: could

text: occur

text: without

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: economy

text: The

text: primary

text: goal

text: of

text: Bomber

text: Command

text: 's

text: offensives

text: was

text: to

text: destroy

text: the

text: German

text: industrial

text: base

text: economic

text: warfare

text: and

text: in

text: doing

text: so

text: reduce

text: morale

text: In

text: late

text: just

text: before

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Berlin

text: he

text: declared

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: Bomber

text: Command

text: would

text: enable

text: it

text: to

text: achieve

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: devastation

text: in

text: which

text: surrender

text: is

text: inevitable

text: A

text: summary

text: of

text: Harris

text: strategic

text: intentions

text: was

text: clear

question: Without what could morale collapse occur according to Arthur Harris?

answer: without the destruction of the German economy.

text: without the destruction of the German economy.

question: What was the primary strategy for Bomber Command offensives?

answer: to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale

text: to destroy the German industrial base (economic warfare), and in doing so reduce morale

question: Arthur Harris announced that Bomber Command would enable economic warfare to achieve what?

answer: "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."

text: "a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable."


text: On April 12, 1980, a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group overthrew and killed President William R. Tolbert, Jr.. Doe and the other plotters later executed a majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members. The coup leaders formed the People's Redemption Council (PRC) to govern the country. A strategic Cold War ally of the West, Doe received significant financial backing from the United States while critics condemned the PRC for corruption and political repression.

title: Liberia

title: Liberia

text: On

text: April

text: a

text: military

text: coup

text: led

text: by

text: Master

text: Sergeant

text: Samuel

text: Doe

text: of

text: the

text: Krahn

text: ethnic

text: group

text: overthrew

text: and

text: killed

text: President

text: William

text: R.

text: Tolbert

text: Jr

text: Doe

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: plotters

text: later

text: executed

text: a

text: majority

text: of

text: Tolbert

text: 's

text: cabinet

text: and

text: other

text: Americo

text: Liberian

text: government

text: officials

text: and

text: True

text: Whig

text: Party

text: members

text: The

text: coup

text: leaders

text: formed

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Redemption

text: Council

text: PRC

text: to

text: govern

text: the

text: country

text: A

text: strategic

text: Cold

text: War

text: ally

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Doe

text: received

text: significant

text: financial

text: backing

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: while

text: critics

text: condemned

text: the

text: PRC

text: for

text: corruption

text: and

text: political

text: repression

question: Who was responsible for the death of William R. Tolbert?

answer: a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group

text: a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group

question: On what date was William R. Tolbert killed?

answer: April 12, 1980

text: April 12, 1980

question: Who was also executed on the day of William R. Tolbert's death?

answer: majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members.

text: majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members.

question: The coup leaders later became known as?

answer: the People's Redemption Council

text: the People's Redemption Council

question: What was the PRC criticized for ?

answer: corruption and political repression

text: corruption and political repression

question: Who led a military coup that killed the American ambassador?

text: Master Sergeant Samuel Doe

question: On what date did Master Sergeant Samuel Doe become president?

text: April 12, 1980

question: Who tried to stop President Tolbert's assasination?

question: What did the United States criticize the PRC for?

text: corruption and political repression

question: Who provided financial backing to the United States?

text: the People's Redemption Council (PRC)


text: Matter may be converted to energy (and vice versa), but mass cannot ever be destroyed; rather, mass/energy equivalence remains a constant for both the matter and the energy, during any process when they are converted into each other. However, since  is extremely large relative to ordinary human scales, the conversion of ordinary amount of matter (for example, 1 kg) to other forms of energy (such as heat, light, and other radiation) can liberate tremendous amounts of energy (~ joules = 21 megatons of TNT), as can be seen in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Conversely, the mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule, which is why a loss of energy (loss of mass) from most systems is difficult to measure by weight, unless the energy loss is very large. Examples of energy transformation into matter (i.e., kinetic energy into particles with rest mass) are found in high-energy nuclear physics.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: Matter

text: may

text: be

text: converted

text: to

text: energy

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: but

text: mass

text: can

text: not

text: ever

text: be

text: destroyed

text: rather

text: mass

text: energy

text: equivalence

text: remains

text: a

text: constant

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: matter

text: and

text: the

text: energy

text: during

text: any

text: process

text: when

text: they

text: are

text: converted

text: into

text: each

text: other

text: However

text: since

text: is

text: extremely

text: large

text: relative

text: to

text: ordinary

text: human

text: scales

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: ordinary

text: amount

text: of

text: matter

text: for

text: example

text: kg

text: to

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: energy

text: such

text: as

text: heat

text: light

text: and

text: other

text: radiation

text: can

text: liberate

text: tremendous

text: amounts

text: of

text: energy

text: joules

text: megatons

text: of

text: TNT

text: as

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: nuclear

text: reactors

text: and

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: Conversely

text: the

text: mass

text: equivalent

text: of

text: a

text: unit

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: minuscule

text: which

text: is

text: why

text: a

text: loss

text: of

text: energy

text: loss

text: of

text: mass

text: from

text: most

text: systems

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: measure

text: by

text: weight

text: unless

text: the

text: energy

text: loss

text: is

text: very

text: large

text: Examples

text: of

text: energy

text: transformation

text: into

text: matter

text: i.e.

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: into

text: particles

text: with

text: rest

text: mass

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: high

text: energy

text: nuclear

text: physics

question: Matter may be converted to what?

answer: energy

text: energy

question: Energy may be converted to what?

answer: Matter

text: Matter

question: Why is a loss of energy difficult to measure by weight?

answer: mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule

text: mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule

question: Where are examples of energy transformation into matter found?

answer: high-energy nuclear physics

text: high-energy nuclear physics

question: Matter can't be converted to what?

text: energy

question: Energy can't be converted to what?

text: Matter

question: Why is a gain of energy difficult to measure by weight?

question: Where are examples of energy transformation into matter not found?

text: high-energy nuclear physics

question: what equals 12 megatons of TNT

text: joules


text: As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller than they actually proved to be. George Soros commented that "The super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks and started relying on the risk management methods of the banks themselves. Similarly, the rating agencies relied on the information provided by the originators of synthetic products. It was a shocking abdication of responsibility."

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: As

text: financial

text: assets

text: became

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: complex

text: and

text: harder

text: and

text: harder

text: to

text: value

text: investors

text: were

text: reassured

text: by

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: both

text: the

text: international

text: bond

text: rating

text: agencies

text: and

text: bank

text: regulators

text: who

text: came

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: them

text: accepted

text: as

text: valid

text: some

text: complex

text: mathematical

text: models

text: which

text: theoretically

text: showed

text: the

text: risks

text: were

text: much

text: smaller

text: than

text: they

text: actually

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: George

text: Soros

text: commented

text: that

text: The

text: super

text: boom

text: got

text: out

text: of

text: hand

text: when

text: the

text: new

text: products

text: became

text: so

text: complicated

text: that

text: the

text: authorities

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: calculate

text: the

text: risks

text: and

text: started

text: relying

text: on

text: the

text: risk

text: management

text: methods

text: of

text: the

text: banks

text: themselves

text: Similarly

text: the

text: rating

text: agencies

text: relied

text: on

text: the

text: information

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: originators

text: of

text: synthetic

text: products

text: It

text: was

text: a

text: shocking

text: abdication

text: of

text: responsibility

question: Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when products became so complicated that risk could not be accurately calculated?

answer: George Soros

text: George Soros

question: What happened to financial assets that made them harder to value?

answer: more complex

text: more complex

question: Who did rating agencies rely on for information to rate financial innovation products?

answer: the originators of synthetic products

text: the originators of synthetic products

question: When authorities could no longer calculate the risks of complex financial innovation products, who did they rely on for information?

answer: the banks

text: the banks

question: Who reassured investors by showing the risk of complex financial innovation products was actually less than they proved to be?

answer: international bond rating agencies

text: international bond rating agencies


text: The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid. After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: The

text: first

text: HDTV

text: transmissions

text: in

text: Europe

text: albeit

text: not

text: direct

text: to

text: home

text: began

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Italian

text: broadcaster

text: RAI

text: used

text: the

text: HD

text: MAC

text: and

text: MUSE

text: HDTV

text: technologies

text: to

text: broadcast

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: The

text: matches

text: were

text: shown

text: in

text: cinemas

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: in

text: Spain

text: The

text: connection

text: with

text: Spain

text: was

text: made

text: via

text: the

text: Olympus

text: satellite

text: link

text: from

text: Rome

text: to

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: then

text: with

text: a

text: fiber

text: optic

text: connection

text: from

text: Barcelona

text: to

text: Madrid

text: After

text: some

text: HDTV

text: transmissions

text: in

text: Europe

text: the

text: standard

text: was

text: abandoned

text: in

text: the

question: When did the first HDTV transmissions happen in Europe?

answer: 1990

question: What event was the first HDTV broadcast in Europe?

answer: FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA World Cup

question: When did Europe abandon standard transmission?

answer: mid-1990s

question: Where was the FIFA World Cup able to be watched in HDTV?

answer: 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain

text: 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain

question: When did the first SDTV transmissions happen in Europe?

text: FIFA World Cup

question: When did Europe not abandon standard transmission?

question: Where was the FIFA World Cup able to be watched in SDTV?

text: 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain


text: One early attempt at lengthening the playing time should be mentioned. At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device. As these were played from the outside to the inside, the rotational speed of the records increased as reproduction progressed. This action is similar (although in reverse) to that on the modern compact disc and the CLV version of its predecessor, the Philips Laser Disc.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: One

text: early

text: attempt

text: at

text: lengthening

text: the

text: playing

text: time

text: should

text: be

text: mentioned

text: At

text: least

text: one

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: World

text: Records

text: produced

text: records

text: that

text: played

text: at

text: a

text: constant

text: linear

text: velocity

text: controlled

text: by

text: Noel

text: Pemberton

text: Billing

text: 's

text: patented

text: add

text: on

text: governor

text: device

text: As

text: these

text: were

text: played

text: from

text: the

text: outside

text: to

text: the

text: inside

text: the

text: rotational

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: records

text: increased

text: as

text: reproduction

text: progressed

text: This

text: action

text: is

text: similar

text: although

text: in

text: reverse

text: to

text: that

text: on

text: the

text: modern

text: compact

text: disc

text: and

text: the

text: CLV

text: version

text: of

text: its

text: predecessor

text: the

text: Philips

text: Laser

text: Disc

question: Who had made an attempt in the 1920s to release a long play time recording?

answer: World Records

text: World Records

question: What caused the constant linear velocity?

answer: Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device

text: Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device

question: What was a unique feature of World Records records?

answer: played from the outside to the inside

text: played from the outside to the inside

question: What currently utilized item was World Records CLV similar to?

answer: Philips Laser Disc

text: Philips Laser Disc


text: In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized. Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an “exit strategy” to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned “But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out.”

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: Blackstone

text: Group

text: and

text: Carl

text: Icahn

text: expressed

text: interest

text: in

text: purchasing

text: Dell

text: In

text: April

text: Blackstone

text: withdrew

text: their

text: offer

text: citing

text: deteriorating

text: business

text: Other

text: private

text: equity

text: firms

text: such

text: as

text: KKR

text: Co.

text: and

text: TPG

text: Capital

text: declined

text: to

text: submit

text: alternative

text: bids

text: for

text: Dell

text: citing

text: the

text: uncertain

text: market

text: for

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: competitive

text: pressures

text: so

text: the

text: wide

text: open

text: bidding

text: war

text: never

text: materialized

text: Analysts

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: biggest

text: challenge

text: facing

text: Silver

text: Lake

text: would

text: be

text: to

text: find

text: an

text: exit

text: strategy

text: to

text: profit

text: from

text: its

text: investment

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: when

text: the

text: company

text: would

text: hold

text: an

text: IPO

text: to

text: go

text: public

text: again

text: and

text: one

text: warned

text: But

text: even

text: if

text: you

text: can

text: get

text: a

text: enterprise

text: value

text: for

text: Dell

text: it

text: will

text: take

text: years

text: to

text: get

text: out

question: What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in acquiring Dell?

answer: 2013

question: What was the first private equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell?

answer: KKR & Co

text: KKR & Co

question: What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from acquiring Dell?

answer: Silver Lake

text: Silver Lake

question: How much was the potential enterprise value of Dell?

answer: $25bn

question: What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in selling Dell?

question: What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in acquiring IBM?

question: What was the first public equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell?

text: KKR & Co.

question: What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from selling Dell?

text: Silver Lake

question: How much wasn't the potential enterprise value of Dell?


text: With the discovery of fire, the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area were campfires or torches. As early as 400,000 BCE, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking Man. Prehistoric people used primitive oil lamps to illuminate surroundings. These lamps were made from naturally occurring materials such as rocks, shells, horns and stones, were filled with grease, and had a fiber wick. Lamps typically used animal or vegetable fats as fuel. Hundreds of these lamps (hollow worked stones) have been found in the Lascaux caves in modern-day France, dating to about 15,000 years ago. Oily animals (birds and fish) were also used as lamps after being threaded with a wick. Fireflies have been used as lighting sources. Candles and glass and pottery lamps were also invented. Chandeliers were an early form of "light fixture".

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: With

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: fire

text: the

text: earliest

text: form

text: of

text: artificial

text: lighting

text: used

text: to

text: illuminate

text: an

text: area

text: were

text: campfires

text: or

text: torches

text: As

text: early

text: as

text: BCE

text: fire

text: was

text: kindled

text: in

text: the

text: caves

text: of

text: Peking

text: Man

text: Prehistoric

text: people

text: used

text: primitive

text: oil

text: lamps

text: to

text: illuminate

text: surroundings

text: These

text: lamps

text: were

text: made

text: from

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: rocks

text: shells

text: horns

text: and

text: stones

text: were

text: filled

text: with

text: grease

text: and

text: had

text: a

text: fiber

text: wick

text: Lamps

text: typically

text: used

text: animal

text: or

text: vegetable

text: fats

text: as

text: fuel

text: Hundreds

text: of

text: these

text: lamps

text: hollow

text: worked

text: stones

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Lascaux

text: caves

text: in

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: dating

text: to

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: Oily

text: animals

text: birds

text: and

text: fish

text: were

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: lamps

text: after

text: being

text: threaded

text: with

text: a

text: wick

text: Fireflies

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: lighting

text: sources

text: Candles

text: and

text: glass

text: and

text: pottery

text: lamps

text: were

text: also

text: invented

text: Chandeliers

text: were

text: an

text: early

text: form

text: of

text: light

text: fixture

question: Peking man kindled fire as early as?

answer: 400,000 BCE

text: 400,000 BCE

question: Which type of oily animals where also used as lamps after being threaded with wick?

answer: birds and fish

text: birds and fish

question: What is considered the earliest form of artificial lighting?

answer: campfires or torches

text: campfires or torches

question: The hollow worked stones lamps found in Lascaux caves date back how far?

answer: 15,000 years

text: 15,000 years


text: President Kennedy stated in Executive Order 10925 that "discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin is contrary to the Constitutional principles and policies of the United States"; that "it is the plain and positive obligation of the United States Government to promote and ensure equal opportunity for all qualified persons, without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin, employed or seeking employment with the Federal Government and on government contracts"; that "it is the policy of the executive branch of the Government to encourage by positive measures equal opportunity for all qualified persons within the Government"; and that "it is in the general interest and welfare of the United States to promote its economy, security, and national defense through the most efficient and effective utilization of all available manpower".

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: President

text: Kennedy

text: stated

text: in

text: Executive

text: Order

text: that

text: discrimination

text: because

text: of

text: race

text: creed

text: color

text: or

text: national

text: origin

text: is

text: contrary

text: to

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: principles

text: and

text: policies

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: plain

text: and

text: positive

text: obligation

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Government

text: to

text: promote

text: and

text: ensure

text: equal

text: opportunity

text: for

text: all

text: qualified

text: persons

text: without

text: regard

text: to

text: race

text: creed

text: color

text: or

text: national

text: origin

text: employed

text: or

text: seeking

text: employment

text: with

text: the

text: Federal

text: Government

text: and

text: on

text: government

text: contracts

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: to

text: encourage

text: by

text: positive

text: measures

text: equal

text: opportunity

text: for

text: all

text: qualified

text: persons

text: within

text: the

text: Government

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: interest

text: and

text: welfare

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: promote

text: its

text: economy

text: security

text: and

text: national

text: defense

text: through

text: the

text: most

text: efficient

text: and

text: effective

text: utilization

text: of

text: all

text: available

text: manpower

question: Which President declared that discrimination is contrary to the Constitutional principles of the United States?

answer: Kennedy

text: Kennedy

question: Which piece of legislation did President Kennedy use to claim that discrimination was a violation of the Constitution?

answer: Executive Order 10925

text: Executive Order 10925

question: What were the affected industries in terms of regulation as a result of Executive Order 10925?

answer: Federal Government and on government contracts

text: Federal Government and on government contracts

question: Which President declared that discrimination is contrary to the Constitutional principles of the UK?

text: Kennedy

question: Which piece of legislation did President Kennedy use to claim that discrimination was not a violation of the Constitution?

text: Executive Order 10925

question: What were the affected industries in terms of deregulation as a result of Executive Order 10925?


text: The Canadian football field is 150 yards (137 m) long and 65 yards (59 m) wide with end zones 20 yards (18 m) deep, and goal lines 110 yards (101 m) apart. At each goal line is a set of 40-foot-high (12 m) goalposts, which consist of two uprights joined by an 18 1⁄2-foot-long (5.6 m) crossbar which is 10 feet (3 m) above the goal line. The goalposts may be H-shaped (both posts fixed in the ground) although in the higher-calibre competitions the tuning-fork design (supported by a single curved post behind the goal line, so that each post starts 10 feet (3 m) above the ground) is preferred. The sides of the field are marked by white sidelines, the goal line is marked in white, and white lines are drawn laterally across the field every 5 yards (4.6 m) from the goal line. These lateral lines are called "yard lines" and often marked with the distance in yards from and an arrow pointed toward the nearest goal line. In previous decades, arrows were not used and every yard line was usually marked with the distance to the goal line, including the goal line itself which was marked with a "0"; in most stadiums today, the 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-yard lines are marked with numbers, with the goal line sometimes being marked with a "G". The centre (55-yard) line usually is marked with a "C". "Hash marks" are painted in white, parallel to the yardage lines, at 1 yard (0.9 m) intervals, 24 yards (21.9 m) from the sidelines. On fields that have a surrounding running track, such as Commonwealth Stadium, Molson Stadium, and many universities, the end zones are often cut off in the corners to accommodate the track. In 2014, Edmonton placed turf over the track to create full end zones. This was particularly common among U.S.-based teams during the CFL's American expansion, where few American stadiums were able to accommodate the much longer and noticeably wider CFL field.

title: Canadian_football

title: Canadian_football

text: The

text: Canadian

text: football

text: field

text: is

text: yards

text: m

text: long

text: and

text: yards

text: m

text: wide

text: with

text: end

text: zones

text: yards

text: m

text: deep

text: and

text: goal

text: lines

text: yards

text: m

text: apart

text: At

text: each

text: goal

text: line

text: is

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: high

text: m

text: goalposts

text: which

text: consist

text: of

text: two

text: uprights

text: joined

text: by

text: an

text: long

text: m

text: crossbar

text: which

text: is

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: the

text: goal

text: line

text: The

text: goalposts

text: may

text: be

text: H

text: shaped

text: both

text: posts

text: fixed

text: in

text: the

text: ground

text: although

text: in

text: the

text: higher

text: calibre

text: competitions

text: the

text: tuning

text: fork

text: design

text: supported

text: by

text: a

text: single

text: curved

text: post

text: behind

text: the

text: goal

text: line

text: so

text: that

text: each

text: post

text: starts

text: feet

text: m

text: above

text: the

text: ground

text: is

text: preferred

text: The

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: are

text: marked

text: by

text: white

text: sidelines

text: the

text: goal

text: line

text: is

text: marked

text: in

text: white

text: and

text: white

text: lines

text: are

text: drawn

text: laterally

text: across

text: the

text: field

text: every

text: yards

text: m

text: from

text: the

text: goal

text: line

text: These

text: lateral

text: lines

text: are

text: called

text: yard

text: lines

text: and

text: often

text: marked

text: with

text: the

text: distance

text: in

text: yards

text: from

text: and

text: an

text: arrow

text: pointed

text: toward

text: the

text: nearest

text: goal

text: line

text: In

text: previous

text: decades

text: arrows

text: were

text: not

text: used

text: and

text: every

text: yard

text: line

text: was

text: usually

text: marked

text: with

text: the

text: distance

text: to

text: the

text: goal

text: line

text: including

text: the

text: goal

text: line

text: itself

text: which

text: was

text: marked

text: with

text: a

text: in

text: most

text: stadiums

text: today

text: the

text: and

text: lines

text: are

text: marked

text: with

text: numbers

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: line

text: sometimes

text: being

text: marked

text: with

text: a

text: G

text: The

text: centre

text: line

text: usually

text: is

text: marked

text: with

text: a

text: C

text: Hash

text: marks

text: are

text: painted

text: in

text: white

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: yardage

text: lines

text: at

text: yard

text: m

text: intervals

text: yards

text: m

text: from

text: the

text: sidelines

text: On

text: fields

text: that

text: have

text: a

text: surrounding

text: running

text: track

text: such

text: as

text: Commonwealth

text: Stadium

text: Molson

text: Stadium

text: and

text: many

text: universities

text: the

text: end

text: zones

text: are

text: often

text: cut

text: off

text: in

text: the

text: corners

text: to

text: accommodate

text: the

text: track

text: In

text: Edmonton

text: placed

text: turf

text: over

text: the

text: track

text: to

text: create

text: full

text: end

text: zones

text: This

text: was

text: particularly

text: common

text: among

text: U.S

text: based

text: teams

text: during

text: the

text: CFL

text: 's

text: American

text: expansion

text: where

text: few

text: American

text: stadiums

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: accommodate

text: the

text: much

text: longer

text: and

text: noticeably

text: wider

text: CFL

text: field

question: How many yards wide is a Canadian football field?

answer: 65

question: How long in meters is the crossbar of a Canadian football goal?

answer: 5.6

question: What part of a Canadian football field was sometimes marked with a "G"?

answer: goal line

text: goal line

question: What distance from the sidelines are hash marks painted on a CFL field?

answer: 24 yards (21.9 m)

text: 24 yards (21.9 m)

question: Whose football fields are hundred 50 yards wide and 65 yards long?

text: Canadian football

question: What are marked with yellow sidelines?

text: The sides of the field

question: What fields have expanded in zones?

question: Where was it uncommon to put her over the track?

text: among U.S.-based teams

question: In most running tracks today, what are marked?

question: In higher calibre stadiums what is preferred?

text: the tuning-fork design

question: What single-curved post lines drawn every 5 yards from the goal line called?

text: yard lines

question: How far from the goalposts are hashmarks painted?

text: 24 yards (21.9 m)

question: What is cut off to accommodate the yard lines at Commonwealth Stadium?

text: the end zones


text: In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its main international distributor Philips Records with the goal of CBS starting its own global record company. Philips' acquisition of Mercury Records in the US in 1961 paved the way for this. CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the international arm founded in 1961 and launched in 1962 utilized the "CBS Records" name only, with Philips Records distributing the label in Europe. CBS's Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963.

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

title: Sony_Music_Entertainment

text: In

text: Columbia

text: CBS

text: began

text: negotiations

text: with

text: its

text: main

text: international

text: distributor

text: Philips

text: Records

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: CBS

text: starting

text: its

text: own

text: global

text: record

text: company

text: Philips

text: acquisition

text: of

text: Mercury

text: Records

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: in

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: this

text: CBS

text: only

text: had

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: Columbia

text: name

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: therefore

text: the

text: international

text: arm

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: launched

text: in

text: utilized

text: the

text: CBS

text: Records

text: name

text: only

text: with

text: Philips

text: Records

text: distributing

text: the

text: label

text: in

text: Europe

text: CBS

text: 's

text: Mexican

text: record

text: company

text: Discos

text: Columbia

text: was

text: renamed

text: Discos

text: CBS

text: by

question: In what year was Mercury Records (US) bought out?

answer: 1961

question: Who acquired Mercury Records (US)?

answer: Philips Records

text: Philips Records

question: What is the name of CBS' Mexican record label?

answer: Discos CBS

text: Discos CBS

question: Columbia/ABC began negotiations with Philips Records in what year?

question: Which company wanted to start its own local record company?

text: CBS

question: Mercury Records acquired Philips in the US in what year?

question: Philips Records distributed the music in what area?

text: Europe

question: CBS's Chinese record company was called Discos what?

text: Columbia


text: Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment will specifically impact one or more states, then it must be endorsed in the referendum held in each of those states. Any amendment to the Canadian constitution that would modify the role of the monarchy would require unanimous consent of the provinces. The German Basic Law provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Some

text: federal

text: constitutions

text: also

text: provide

text: that

text: certain

text: constitutional

text: amendments

text: can

text: not

text: occur

text: without

text: the

text: unanimous

text: consent

text: of

text: all

text: states

text: or

text: of

text: a

text: particular

text: state

text: The

text: US

text: constitution

text: provides

text: that

text: no

text: state

text: may

text: be

text: deprived

text: of

text: equal

text: representation

text: in

text: the

text: senate

text: without

text: its

text: consent

text: In

text: Australia

text: if

text: a

text: proposed

text: amendment

text: will

text: specifically

text: impact

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: states

text: then

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: endorsed

text: in

text: the

text: referendum

text: held

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: those

text: states

text: Any

text: amendment

text: to

text: the

text: Canadian

text: constitution

text: that

text: would

text: modify

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: would

text: require

text: unanimous

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: The

text: German

text: Basic

text: Law

text: provides

text: that

text: no

text: amendment

text: is

text: admissible

text: at

text: all

text: that

text: would

text: abolish

text: the

text: federal

text: system

question: The US Constitution says what to amendments?

answer: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent

text: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent

question: What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur?

answer: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state

text: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state

question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?

answer: would require unanimous consent of the provinces.

text: would require unanimous consent of the provinces.

question: What is the German basic law?

answer: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

text: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.

question: The UN Constitution says what to amendments?

question: The US Constitution doesn't say what to amendments?

question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last?

question: What happens when certain constitutional amendments can occur?

question: What is the German advanced law?


text: Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. The Pamiris of Badakhshan, a small population of Yaghnobi people, and a sizeable minority of Ismailis are all considered to belong to the larger group of Tajiks. All citizens of Tajikistan are called Tajikistanis.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Tajikistan

text: has

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: July

text: est

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: and

text: are

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: Tajiks

text: who

text: speak

text: Tajik

text: a

text: dialect

text: of

text: Persian

text: are

text: the

text: main

text: ethnic

text: group

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: sizable

text: minorities

text: of

text: Uzbeks

text: and

text: Russians

text: whose

text: numbers

text: are

text: declining

text: due

text: to

text: emigration

text: The

text: Pamiris

text: of

text: Badakhshan

text: a

text: small

text: population

text: of

text: Yaghnobi

text: people

text: and

text: a

text: sizeable

text: minority

text: of

text: Ismailis

text: are

text: all

text: considered

text: to

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: larger

text: group

text: of

text: Tajiks

text: All

text: citizens

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: are

text: called

text: Tajikistanis

question: What is Tajikistans population as of July 2009?

answer: 7,349,145

question: What percent of the population is under 30 years old?

answer: 70%

question: What percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old?

answer: 35%

question: What lanuage do the people of Tajikistan speak?

answer: Tajik

text: Tajik

question: What are the citizens of Tajikistan called?

answer: Tajikistanis

text: Tajikistanis

question: What was Tajikistan's population in July 2019?

question: Forty five percent of the population are between the ages of 14 and what?

question: Seventy percent of Tajikistan's population is over what age?

question: The Pamiris of Badakhsan are considered to be the smaller group of what?

text: Tajiks

question: Few citizens of Tajikistan are called what?

text: Tajikistanis


text: Most of the postwar's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977), Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: postwar

text: 's

text: presidents

text: of

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Republic

text: wanted

text: to

text: leave

text: their

text: own

text: monuments

text: in

text: Paris

text: President

text: Georges

text: Pompidou

text: started

text: the

text: Centre

text: Georges

text: Pompidou

text: Valéry

text: Giscard

text: d'Estaing

text: began

text: the

text: Musée

text: d'Orsay

text: President

text: François

text: Mitterrand

text: in

text: power

text: for

text: years

text: built

text: the

text: Opéra

text: Bastille

text: the

text: Bibliothèque

text: nationale

text: de

text: France

text: the

text: Arche

text: de

text: la

text: Défense

text: and

text: the

text: Louvre

text: Pyramid

text: with

text: its

text: underground

text: courtyard

text: Jacques

text: Chirac

text: the

text: Musée

text: du

text: quai

text: Branly

question: In what year was the Centre Georges Pompidou erected?

answer: 1977

question: What did Valery Giscard d'Estaing have erected?

answer: Musée d'Orsay

text: Musée d'Orsay

question: How many years was Francois Mitterrand in power?

answer: 14

question: What did Jacques Chirac have built?

answer: Musée du quai Branly

text: Musée du quai Branly

question: In what year was the Musee de quai Branly built?

answer: 2006


text: The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid. The theist response has been either to contend, as does Alvin Plantinga, that faith is "properly basic", or to take, as does Richard Swinburne, the evidentialist position. Some theists agree that none of the arguments for God's existence are compelling, but argue that faith is not a product of reason, but requires risk. There would be no risk, they say, if the arguments for God's existence were as solid as the laws of logic, a position summed up by Pascal as "the heart has reasons of which reason does not know." A recent theory using concepts from physics and neurophysiology proposes that God can be conceptualized within the theory of integrative level.

title: God

title: God

text: The

text: last

text: centuries

text: of

text: philosophy

text: have

text: seen

text: vigorous

text: questions

text: regarding

text: the

text: arguments

text: for

text: God

text: 's

text: existence

text: raised

text: by

text: such

text: philosophers

text: as

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: David

text: Hume

text: and

text: Antony

text: Flew

text: although

text: Kant

text: held

text: that

text: the

text: argument

text: from

text: morality

text: was

text: valid

text: The

text: theist

text: response

text: has

text: been

text: either

text: to

text: contend

text: as

text: does

text: Alvin

text: Plantinga

text: that

text: faith

text: is

text: properly

text: basic

text: or

text: to

text: take

text: as

text: does

text: Richard

text: Swinburne

text: the

text: evidentialist

text: position

text: Some

text: theists

text: agree

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: arguments

text: for

text: God

text: 's

text: existence

text: are

text: compelling

text: but

text: argue

text: that

text: faith

text: is

text: not

text: a

text: product

text: of

text: reason

text: but

text: requires

text: risk

text: There

text: would

text: be

text: no

text: risk

text: they

text: say

text: if

text: the

text: arguments

text: for

text: God

text: 's

text: existence

text: were

text: as

text: solid

text: as

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: logic

text: a

text: position

text: summed

text: up

text: by

text: Pascal

text: as

text: the

text: heart

text: has

text: reasons

text: of

text: which

text: reason

text: does

text: not

text: know

text: A

text: recent

text: theory

text: using

text: concepts

text: from

text: physics

text: and

text: neurophysiology

text: proposes

text: that

text: God

text: can

text: be

text: conceptualized

text: within

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: integrative

text: level

question: How does Alvin Plantinga describe faith?

answer: "properly basic"

text: "properly basic"

question: Who stated "the heart has reasons of which reason does not know"?

answer: Pascal

text: Pascal

question: Which philosopher takes the evidentialist position?

answer: Richard Swinburne

text: Richard Swinburne

question: Name three philosophers of the last 100 years arguing for the existence of God?

answer: Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew

text: Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew

question: What did David Hume think about the argument from morality?

text: was valid

question: What does Pascal think about faith?

text: is "properly basic"

question: What does Antony Flew believe physics requires?

text: risk

question: What two areas are used to say the arguments for God's existence are solid?

text: physics and neurophysiology

question: What three philosophers believed that God can be conceptualized in the integrative level theory?


text: The dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: dogs

text: value

text: to

text: early

text: human

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: led

text: to

text: them

text: quickly

text: becoming

text: ubiquitous

text: across

text: world

text: cultures

text: Dogs

text: perform

text: many

text: roles

text: for

text: people

text: such

text: as

text: hunting

text: herding

text: pulling

text: loads

text: protection

text: assisting

text: police

text: and

text: military

text: companionship

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: aiding

text: handicapped

text: individuals

text: This

text: impact

text: on

text: human

text: society

text: has

text: given

text: them

text: the

text: nickname

text: man

text: 's

text: best

text: friend

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: In

text: some

text: cultures

text: however

text: dogs

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: source

text: of

text: meat

question: Dogs had a worth to what type of early humans?

answer: hunter-gatherers

text: hunter-gatherers

question: Dogs have hunted with and done other things for people for a long time, but what is a more recent help to people they provide?

answer: aiding handicapped individuals.

text: aiding handicapped individuals.

question: Because of a dog's resourcefulness to people, they have been given what nickname?

answer: man's best friend

text: man's best friend

question: Some cultures treat dogs as what rather than companions?

answer: a source of meat

text: a source of meat


text: Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threatening environment; out of the 350 members, 280 were Communists, with only 45 opposition candidates from the Popular Front and other non-communist groups, who together formed a Democratic Bloc ("Dembloc"). In May 1990 Mutalibov was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet unopposed.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: Following

text: the

text: hardliners

text: takeover

text: the

text: September

text: elections

text: runoffs

text: on

text: October

text: were

text: characterized

text: by

text: intimidation

text: several

text: Popular

text: Front

text: candidates

text: were

text: jailed

text: two

text: were

text: murdered

text: and

text: unabashed

text: ballot

text: stuffing

text: took

text: place

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: Western

text: observers

text: The

text: election

text: results

text: reflected

text: the

text: threatening

text: environment

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: members

text: were

text: Communists

text: with

text: only

text: opposition

text: candidates

text: from

text: the

text: Popular

text: Front

text: and

text: other

text: non

text: communist

text: groups

text: who

text: together

text: formed

text: a

text: Democratic

text: Bloc

text: Dembloc

text: In

text: May

text: Mutalibov

text: was

text: elected

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: unopposed

question: What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections?

answer: Popular Front

text: Popular Front

question: How many members were from opposition parties?

answer: 45

question: How many total members were there?

answer: 350

question: Who was elected to be Chairman in May?

answer: Mutalibov

text: Mutalibov


text: Islington's 1 mile (1.6 km) long Upper Street, extending northwards from Angel, has more bars and restaurants than any other street in the United Kingdom. Europe's busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, a shopping street nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long, making it the longest shopping street in the United Kingdom. Oxford Street is home to vast numbers of retailers and department stores, including the world-famous Selfridges flagship store. Knightsbridge, home to the equally renowned Harrods department store, lies to the south-west.

title: London

title: London

text: Islington

text: 's

text: mile

text: km

text: long

text: Upper

text: Street

text: extending

text: northwards

text: from

text: Angel

text: has

text: more

text: bars

text: and

text: restaurants

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Europe

text: 's

text: busiest

text: shopping

text: area

text: is

text: Oxford

text: Street

text: a

text: shopping

text: street

text: nearly

text: mile

text: km

text: long

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: shopping

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Oxford

text: Street

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: vast

text: numbers

text: of

text: retailers

text: and

text: department

text: stores

text: including

text: the

text: world

text: famous

text: Selfridges

text: flagship

text: store

text: Knightsbridge

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: equally

text: renowned

text: Harrods

text: department

text: store

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

question: What street in Islington boasts more bars and restaurants than any other street in Britain?

answer: Upper Street

text: Upper Street

question: What is the longest street for shopping,, housing many shops and department stores, in the United Kingdom?

answer: Oxford Street

text: Oxford Street

question: How long is Islington's Upper Street?

answer: 1 mile (1.6 km)

text: 1 mile (1.6 km)

question: What famous high-end department store is located on Oxford Street?

answer: Selfridges flagship store

text: Selfridges flagship store

question: Which world-renowned luxury department store is located in the borough of Knightsbridge?

answer: Harrods

text: Harrods