text: In 1185 John made his first visit to Ireland, accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators. Henry had tried to have John officially proclaimed King of Ireland, but Pope Lucius III would not agree. John's first period of rule in Ireland was not a success. Ireland had only recently been conquered by Anglo-Norman forces, and tensions were still rife between Henry II, the new settlers and the existing inhabitants. John infamously offended the local Irish rulers by making fun of their unfashionable long beards, failed to make allies amongst the Anglo-Norman settlers, began to lose ground militarily against the Irish and finally returned to England later in the year, blaming the viceroy, Hugh de Lacy, for the fiasco.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: John

text: made

text: his

text: first

text: visit

text: to

text: Ireland

text: accompanied

text: by

text: knights

text: and

text: a

text: team

text: of

text: administrators

text: Henry

text: had

text: tried

text: to

text: have

text: John

text: officially

text: proclaimed

text: King

text: of

text: Ireland

text: but

text: Pope

text: Lucius

text: III

text: would

text: not

text: agree

text: John

text: 's

text: first

text: period

text: of

text: rule

text: in

text: Ireland

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: success

text: Ireland

text: had

text: only

text: recently

text: been

text: conquered

text: by

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: forces

text: and

text: tensions

text: were

text: still

text: rife

text: between

text: Henry

text: II

text: the

text: new

text: settlers

text: and

text: the

text: existing

text: inhabitants

text: John

text: infamously

text: offended

text: the

text: local

text: Irish

text: rulers

text: by

text: making

text: fun

text: of

text: their

text: unfashionable

text: long

text: beards

text: failed

text: to

text: make

text: allies

text: amongst

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: settlers

text: began

text: to

text: lose

text: ground

text: militarily

text: against

text: the

text: Irish

text: and

text: finally

text: returned

text: to

text: England

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: blaming

text: the

text: viceroy

text: Hugh

text: de

text: Lacy

text: for

text: the

text: fiasco

question: When did John make his first visit to Ireland?

answer: 1185

question: How many knights accompanied John to Ireland?

answer: 300

question: How did John offend the local Irish rulers?

answer: making fun of their unfashionable long beards

text: making fun of their unfashionable long beards


text: In August 1943 the Allies formed a new South East Asia Command (SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the British India Command, under Wavell. In October 1943 Winston Churchill appointed Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten as its Supreme Commander. The British and Indian Fourteenth Army was formed to face the Japanese in Burma. Under Lieutenant General William Slim, its training, morale and health greatly improved. The American General Joseph Stilwell, who also was deputy commander to Mountbatten and commanded U.S. forces in the China Burma India Theater, directed aid to China and prepared to construct the Ledo Road to link India and China by land.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: Allies

text: formed

text: a

text: new

text: South

text: East

text: Asia

text: Command

text: SEAC

text: to

text: take

text: over

text: strategic

text: responsibilities

text: for

text: Burma

text: and

text: India

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: India

text: Command

text: under

text: Wavell

text: In

text: October

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: appointed

text: Admiral

text: Lord

text: Louis

text: Mountbatten

text: as

text: its

text: Supreme

text: Commander

text: The

text: British

text: and

text: Indian

text: Fourteenth

text: Army

text: was

text: formed

text: to

text: face

text: the

text: Japanese

text: in

text: Burma

text: Under

text: Lieutenant

text: General

text: William

text: Slim

text: its

text: training

text: morale

text: and

text: health

text: greatly

text: improved

text: The

text: American

text: General

text: Joseph

text: Stilwell

text: who

text: also

text: was

text: deputy

text: commander

text: to

text: Mountbatten

text: and

text: commanded

text: U.S.

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: China

text: Burma

text: India

text: Theater

text: directed

text: aid

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: prepared

text: to

text: construct

text: the

text: Ledo

text: Road

text: to

text: link

text: India

text: and

text: China

text: by

text: land

question: What Allied command replaced the British India Command in August, 1943?

answer: South East Asia Command

text: South East Asia Command

question: Who was appointed Supreme Commander of the SEAC in October, 1943?

answer: Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten

text: Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten

question: Who was deputy commander to Mountbatten?

answer: General Joseph Stilwell

text: General Joseph Stilwell

question: What was the name of the new link between India and China by land?

answer: Ledo Road

text: Ledo Road

question: The British and Indian Fourteenth Army was formed to take on what force?

answer: Japanese in Burma

text: Japanese in Burma


text: The formation of the ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, has proven difficult to model precisely. Current models suggest that the matter density in the outer regions of the Solar System was too low to account for the formation of such large bodies from the traditionally accepted method of core accretion, and various hypotheses have been advanced to explain their formation. One is that the ice giants were not formed by core accretion but from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc and later had their atmospheres blasted away by radiation from a nearby massive OB star.

title: Neptune

title: Neptune

text: The

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: ice

text: giants

text: Neptune

text: and

text: Uranus

text: has

text: proven

text: difficult

text: to

text: model

text: precisely

text: Current

text: models

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: matter

text: density

text: in

text: the

text: outer

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: was

text: too

text: low

text: to

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: such

text: large

text: bodies

text: from

text: the

text: traditionally

text: accepted

text: method

text: of

text: core

text: accretion

text: and

text: various

text: hypotheses

text: have

text: been

text: advanced

text: to

text: explain

text: their

text: formation

text: One

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: ice

text: giants

text: were

text: not

text: formed

text: by

text: core

text: accretion

text: but

text: from

text: instabilities

text: within

text: the

text: original

text: protoplanetary

text: disc

text: and

text: later

text: had

text: their

text: atmospheres

text: blasted

text: away

text: by

text: radiation

text: from

text: a

text: nearby

text: massive

text: OB

text: star

question: What could have blasted Neptune and Uranus's atmosphere with radiation, aiding in creation?

answer: nearby massive OB star

text: nearby massive OB star

question: What is too low to account for the formation of Neptune?

answer: matter density

text: matter density

question: If Neptune was formed from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc, what was it not formed by?

answer: core accretion

text: core accretion

question: What didn't blast Neptune and Uranus's atmosphere with radiation, aiding in creation?

text: nearby massive OB star.

question: What is too high to account for the formation of Neptune?

text: matter density

question: If Neptune wasn't formed from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc, what was it formed by?

text: core accretion


text: After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: After

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: international

text: football

text: competitions

text: are

text: the

text: continental

text: championships

text: which

text: are

text: organised

text: by

text: each

text: continental

text: confederation

text: and

text: contested

text: between

text: national

text: teams

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: European

text: Championship

text: UEFA

text: the

text: Copa

text: América

text: CONMEBOL

text: African

text: Cup

text: of

text: Nations

text: CAF

text: the

text: Asian

text: Cup

text: AFC

text: the

text: CONCACAF

text: Gold

text: Cup

text: CONCACAF

text: and

text: the

text: OFC

text: Nations

text: Cup

text: OFC

text: The

text: FIFA

text: Confederations

text: Cup

text: is

text: contested

text: by

text: the

text: winners

text: of

text: all

text: six

text: continental

text: championships

text: the

text: current

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: champions

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: which

text: is

text: hosting

text: the

text: Confederations

text: Cup

text: This

text: is

text: generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: warm

text: up

text: tournament

text: for

text: the

text: upcoming

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: carry

text: the

text: same

text: prestige

text: as

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: itself

text: The

text: most

text: prestigious

text: competitions

text: in

text: club

text: football

text: are

text: the

text: respective

text: continental

text: championships

text: which

text: are

text: generally

text: contested

text: between

text: national

text: champions

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Champions

text: League

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Copa

text: Libertadores

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: The

text: winners

text: of

text: each

text: continental

text: competition

text: contest

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Club

text: World

text: Cup

question: What does UEFA Stand for?

answer: European Championship

text: European Championship

question: The FIFA Confederations Cups is usually considered a warm-up for what?

answer: FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA World Cup

question: What do winners of the continental competition get to do?

answer: contest the FIFA Club World Cup

text: contest the FIFA Club World Cup

question: What does CAF stand for?

answer: African Cup of Nations

text: African Cup of Nations

question: What does UEFA Stand against?

text: the European Championship

question: What is considered a warm-up for the FIFA Confederations Cups?

text: FIFA World Cup

question: What do losers of the continental competition get to do?

text: contest the FIFA Club World Cup

question: What does CAF oppose?

text: African Cup of Nations

question: What are the least prestigious competitions called?

text: continental championships


text: There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed] For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as "already null and void" in the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: reasons

text: an

text: otherwise

text: valid

text: and

text: agreed

text: upon

text: treaty

text: may

text: be

text: rejected

text: as

text: a

text: binding

text: international

text: agreement

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: involve

text: problems

text: created

text: at

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: treaty.[citation

text: needed

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: serial

text: Japan

text: Korea

text: treaties

text: of

text: and

text: were

text: protested

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: confirmed

text: as

text: already

text: and

text: void

text: in

text: the

text: Treaty

text: on

text: Basic

text: Relations

text: between

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

question: When are most of the problems created that might result in an otherwise valid treaty being rejected as a binding international agreement?

answer: at the formation of the treaty

text: at the formation of the treaty

question: What treaties between Japan and Korea are examples of treaties that were declared null and void?

answer: the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910

text: the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910

question: In what treaty were the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907, and 1910 confirmed as "already null and void?"

answer: the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea

text: the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea

question: Which two states signed a treaty that declared previous treaties between the two from 1905, 1907, and 1910 to be already void?

answer: Japan and the Republic of Korea

text: Japan and the Republic of Korea

question: An otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as what for several reasons most of which involve problems created at the formation of a treaty?

answer: a binding international agreement

text: a binding international agreement


text: In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible. During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. The book taught that God's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally, each ending with a "harvest," that Christ had returned as an invisible spirit being in 1874 inaugurating the "harvest of the Gospel age," and that 1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called "the Gentile Times," at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, Herald of the Morning. In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent.

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: In

text: Charles

text: Taze

text: Russell

text: and

text: others

text: formed

text: a

text: group

text: in

text: Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania

text: to

text: study

text: the

text: Bible

text: During

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: his

text: ministry

text: Russell

text: disputed

text: many

text: beliefs

text: of

text: mainstream

text: Christianity

text: including

text: immortality

text: of

text: the

text: soul

text: hellfire

text: predestination

text: the

text: fleshly

text: return

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: the

text: Trinity

text: and

text: the

text: burning

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: Russell

text: met

text: Nelson

text: H.

text: Barbour

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: they

text: jointly

text: produced

text: the

text: book

text: Three

text: Worlds

text: which

text: combined

text: restitutionist

text: views

text: with

text: end

text: time

text: prophecy

text: The

text: book

text: taught

text: that

text: God

text: 's

text: dealings

text: with

text: humanity

text: were

text: divided

text: dispensationally

text: each

text: ending

text: with

text: a

text: harvest

text: that

text: Christ

text: had

text: returned

text: as

text: an

text: invisible

text: spirit

text: being

text: in

text: inaugurating

text: the

text: harvest

text: of

text: the

text: Gospel

text: age

text: and

text: that

text: would

text: mark

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: a

text: period

text: called

text: the

text: Gentile

text: Times

text: at

text: which

text: time

text: world

text: society

text: would

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: full

text: establishment

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: kingdom

text: on

text: earth

text: Beginning

text: in

text: Russell

text: and

text: Barbour

text: jointly

text: edited

text: a

text: religious

text: journal

text: Herald

text: of

text: the

text: Morning

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: two

text: split

text: over

text: doctrinal

text: differences

text: and

text: in

text: July

text: Russell

text: began

text: publishing

text: the

text: magazine

text: Zion

text: 's

text: Watch

text: Tower

text: and

text: Herald

text: of

text: Christ

text: 's

text: Presence

text: stating

text: that

text: its

text: purpose

text: was

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: world

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: and

text: that

text: a

text: new

text: age

text: of

text: earthly

text: and

text: human

text: restitution

text: under

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Christ

text: was

text: imminent

question: When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?

answer: 1870

question: Where did Russell and others form their group?

answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

question: What was the purpose of Russell's group?

answer: to study the Bible

text: to study the Bible

question: When Russell met Nelson H. Barbour in 1876, they jointly produced what book?

answer: Three Worlds

text: Three Worlds

question: 1914 would mark the end of a 2520 year period known as what?

answer: the Gentile Times

text: the Gentile Times

question: What was the name of a member in Charles Taze Russell's group in 1870?

text: Nelson H. Barbour

question: What major event occurred in 1914?

question: In what year did Nelson H. Barbour die?

question: What was one of the doctrinal differences that Russell and Barbour had?

text: the fleshly return of Jesus Christ


text: After Laporta's departure from the club in June 2010, Sandro Rosell was soon elected as the new president. The elections were held on 13 June, where he got 61.35% (57,088 votes, a record) of total votes. Rosell signed David Villa from Valencia for €40 million and Javier Mascherano from Liverpool for €19 million. In November 2010, Barcelona defeated their main rival, Real Madrid 5–0 in El Clásico. In the 2010–11 season, Barcelona retained the La Liga trophy, their third title in succession, finishing with 96 points. In April 2011, the club reached the Copa del Rey final, losing 1–0 to Real Madrid at the Mestalla in Valencia. In May, Barcelona defeated Manchester United in the 2011 Champions League Final 3–1 held at Wembley Stadium, a repeat of the 2009 final, winning their fourth European Cup. In August 2011, La Masia graduate Cesc Fàbregas was bought from Arsenal and he would help Barcelona defend the Spanish Supercup against Real Madrid. The Supercup victory brought the total number of official trophies to 73, matching the number of titles won by Real Madrid.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: After

text: Laporta

text: 's

text: departure

text: from

text: the

text: club

text: in

text: June

text: Sandro

text: Rosell

text: was

text: soon

text: elected

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: president

text: The

text: elections

text: were

text: held

text: on

text: June

text: where

text: he

text: got

text: votes

text: a

text: record

text: of

text: total

text: votes

text: Rosell

text: signed

text: David

text: Villa

text: from

text: Valencia

text: for

text: million

text: and

text: Javier

text: Mascherano

text: from

text: Liverpool

text: for

text: million

text: In

text: November

text: Barcelona

text: defeated

text: their

text: main

text: rival

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: in

text: El

text: Clásico

text: In

text: the

text: season

text: Barcelona

text: retained

text: the

text: La

text: Liga

text: trophy

text: their

text: third

text: title

text: in

text: succession

text: finishing

text: with

text: points

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: club

text: reached

text: the

text: Copa

text: del

text: Rey

text: final

text: losing

text: to

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: at

text: the

text: Mestalla

text: in

text: Valencia

text: In

text: May

text: Barcelona

text: defeated

text: Manchester

text: United

text: in

text: the

text: Champions

text: League

text: Final

text: held

text: at

text: Wembley

text: Stadium

text: a

text: repeat

text: of

text: the

text: final

text: winning

text: their

text: fourth

text: European

text: Cup

text: In

text: August

text: La

text: Masia

text: graduate

text: Cesc

text: Fàbregas

text: was

text: bought

text: from

text: Arsenal

text: and

text: he

text: would

text: help

text: Barcelona

text: defend

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Supercup

text: against

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: The

text: Supercup

text: victory

text: brought

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: official

text: trophies

text: to

text: matching

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: titles

text: won

text: by

text: Real

text: Madrid

question: Who was elected as president of the Barcelona club in 2010?

answer: Sandro Rosell

text: Sandro Rosell

question: What percentage of the votes for president did Rosell get?

answer: 61.35%

question: What was Rosell's record number of votes he received for president?

answer: 57,088

question: How much did Barcelona pay to sign  David Villa?

answer: €40 million

text: €40 million

question: What team did Barcelona beat in El Clasico in 2010?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid


text: Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.

title: War_on_Terror

title: War_on_Terror

text: Other

text: critics

text: such

text: as

text: Francis

text: Fukuyama

text: note

text: that

text: terrorism

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: enemy

text: but

text: a

text: tactic

text: calling

text: it

text: a

text: war

text: on

text: terror

text: obscures

text: differences

text: between

text: conflicts

text: such

text: as

text: anti

text: occupation

text: insurgents

text: and

text: international

text: mujahideen

text: With

text: a

text: military

text: presence

text: in

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: collateral

text: damage

text: Shirley

text: Williams

text: maintains

text: this

text: increases

text: resentment

text: and

text: terrorist

text: threats

text: against

text: the

text: West

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: perceived

text: U.S.

text: hypocrisy

text: media

text: induced

text: hysteria

text: and

text: that

text: differences

text: in

text: foreign

text: and

text: security

text: policy

text: have

text: damaged

text: America

text: 's

text: image

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

question: What flaw in the 'war on terror' name did Francis Fukuyama point out?

answer: "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic

text: "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic

question: What does the 'war on terror' name obscure?

answer: differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen

text: differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen

question: Who said the US's presence in Iraq increases resentment and terrorists?

answer: Shirley Williams

text: Shirley Williams

question: What fed US hysteria about terrorism?

answer: media

text: media

question: What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?

answer: damaged

text: damaged

question: What does Shirley Williams call terrorism instead of an enemy?

text: a tactic

question: Who said the military presence has decreased resentment?

text: Shirley Williams

question: What has damaged the image of Iraq in the world?

question: What critic obscured differences between conflicts?

text: Francis Fukuyama

question: Most of the world has agreed on what kinds of policies?

text: foreign and security


text: The earliest known macrofossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 million years BP (the Cretaceous period), whereas pollen considered to be of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 million years BP. However, one study has suggested that the early-middle Jurassic plant Schmeissneria, traditionally considered a type of ginkgo, may be the earliest known angiosperm, or at least a close relative. In addition, circumstantial chemical evidence has been found for the existence of angiosperms as early as 250 million years ago. Oleanane, a secondary metabolite produced by many flowering plants, has been found in Permian deposits of that age together with fossils of gigantopterids. Gigantopterids are a group of extinct seed plants that share many morphological traits with flowering plants, although they are not known to have been flowering plants themselves.

title: Flowering_plant

title: Flowering_plant

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: macrofossil

text: confidently

text: identified

text: as

text: an

text: angiosperm

text: Archaefructus

text: liaoningensis

text: is

text: dated

text: to

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: BP

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: period

text: whereas

text: pollen

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: angiosperm

text: origin

text: takes

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: back

text: to

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: BP

text: However

text: one

text: study

text: has

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: early

text: middle

text: Jurassic

text: plant

text: Schmeissneria

text: traditionally

text: considered

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: ginkgo

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: angiosperm

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: close

text: relative

text: In

text: addition

text: circumstantial

text: chemical

text: evidence

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: for

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: angiosperms

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Oleanane

text: a

text: secondary

text: metabolite

text: produced

text: by

text: many

text: flowering

text: plants

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: Permian

text: deposits

text: of

text: that

text: age

text: together

text: with

text: fossils

text: of

text: gigantopterids

text: Gigantopterids

text: are

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: extinct

text: seed

text: plants

text: that

text: share

text: many

text: morphological

text: traits

text: with

text: flowering

text: plants

text: although

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: flowering

text: plants

text: themselves

question: When is the earliest known macrofossil identified as an angiosperm dated?

answer: about 125 million years BP

text: about 125 million years BP

question: What is the earliest known angiosperm?

answer: Archaefructus liaoningensis

text: Archaefructus liaoningensis

question: What pushes the age of angiosperm 5 million years further back?

answer: pollen

text: pollen

question: How long ago has circumstantial evidence has been found for the existence of angiosperms?

answer: 250 million years ago

text: 250 million years ago

question: What group of now extinct seed plants had many of the traits of what are now flowering plants?

answer: Gigantopterids

text: Gigantopterids

question: What is Oleanne, the earliest macrofossil, traditionally considered to be?

text: a type of ginkgo

question: What evidence has shown that flowering plants existed 125 million years BP?

text: circumstantial chemical evidence

question: What has been found in ginko deposits of that age with gigantopterid fossils?

text: Oleanane

question: What do Oleanne share morphological traits with?

text: flowering plants

question: What are not known to have Permian deposits themselves?

text: Gigantopterids


text: Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the creators of flying machines that are generally called vimanas. The "Brihat-Samhita" of the mathematician Varahamihira says: "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others....." .

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Several

text: references

text: in

text: Indian

text: literature

text: praise

text: the

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: Yavanas

text: or

text: the

text: Greeks

text: The

text: Mahabharata

text: compliments

text: them

text: as

text: the

text: all

text: knowing

text: Yavanas

text: sarvajnaa

text: yavanaa

text: i.e.

text: The

text: Yavanas

text: O

text: king

text: are

text: all

text: knowing

text: the

text: Suras

text: are

text: particularly

text: so

text: The

text: mlecchas

text: are

text: wedded

text: to

text: the

text: creations

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: fancy

text: and

text: the

text: creators

text: of

text: flying

text: machines

text: that

text: are

text: generally

text: called

text: vimanas

text: The

text: Brihat

text: Samhita

text: of

text: the

text: mathematician

text: Varahamihira

text: says

text: The

text: Greeks

text: though

text: impure

text: must

text: be

text: honored

text: since

text: they

text: were

text: trained

text: in

text: sciences

text: and

text: therein

text: excelled

text: others

question: What does "sarvajnaa yavanaa" mean?

answer: the all-knowing Yavanas

text: the all-knowing Yavanas

question: Who said "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so."?

answer: The Mahabharata

text: The Mahabharata

question: Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita?

answer: Varahamihira

text: Varahamihira

question: Who said "The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy."

answer: The Mahabharata

text: The Mahabharata

question: Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...."

answer: Varahamihira

text: Varahamihira


text: In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Turkey, institutes of technology and polytechnics are institutions of higher education, and have been accredited to award academic degrees and doctorates. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, İYTE, Delft University of Technology and RWTH Aachen, all considered universities.[citation needed]

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: In

text: several

text: countries

text: like

text: Germany

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: Turkey

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: and

text: polytechnics

text: are

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: and

text: have

text: been

text: accredited

text: to

text: award

text: academic

text: degrees

text: and

text: doctorates

text: Famous

text: examples

text: are

text: the

text: Istanbul

text: Technical

text: University

text: ETH

text: Zurich

text: İYTE

text: Delft

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: RWTH

text: Aachen

text: all

text: considered

text: universities.[citation

text: needed

question: What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be?

answer: institutions of higher education

text: institutions of higher education


text: Population testing is still being done. Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for. Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations. There is genetic evidence for three major migrations into North America, but not for more recent historic differentiation. In addition, not all Native Americans have been tested, so scientists do not know for sure that Native Americans have only the genetic markers they have identified.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Population

text: testing

text: is

text: still

text: being

text: done

text: Some

text: Native

text: American

text: groups

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: sampled

text: may

text: not

text: have

text: shared

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: markers

text: being

text: searched

text: for

text: Geneticists

text: acknowledge

text: that

text: DNA

text: testing

text: can

text: not

text: yet

text: distinguish

text: among

text: members

text: of

text: differing

text: cultural

text: Native

text: American

text: nations

text: There

text: is

text: genetic

text: evidence

text: for

text: three

text: major

text: migrations

text: into

text: North

text: America

text: but

text: not

text: for

text: more

text: recent

text: historic

text: differentiation

text: In

text: addition

text: not

text: all

text: Native

text: Americans

text: have

text: been

text: tested

text: so

text: scientists

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: for

text: sure

text: that

text: Native

text: Americans

text: have

text: only

text: the

text: genetic

text: markers

text: they

text: have

text: identified

question: Who says genetic tests can't tell the difference between different Native American nations?

answer: Geneticists

text: Geneticists

question: What are geneticists looking for?

answer: the pattern of markers

text: the pattern of markers

question: What is there genetic evidence of?

answer: three major migrations into North America

text: three major migrations into North America

question: What can DNA testing distinguish between?

question: What kind of evidence is there for recent historic differentiation?

text: genetic

question: How do scientists know that Native Americans have only the genetic markers they have identified?

question: Who does not acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations?

text: Geneticists

question: How many minor migrations into North America is there evidence for?

text: three


text: Polytechnics in Singapore provides industry oriented education equivalent to a junior college or sixth form college in the UK. Singapore retains a system similar but not the same as in the United Kingdom from 1970–1992, distinguishing between polytechnics and universities. Unlike the British Polytechnic (United Kingdom) system Singapore Polytechnics do not offer bachelors, masters or PhD degrees. Under this system, most Singaporean students sit for their O-Level examinations after a four or five years of education in secondary school, and apply for a place at either a technical school termed ITE, a polytechnic or a university-preparatory school (a junior college or the Millennia Institute, a centralized institute). Polytechnic graduates may be granted transfer credits when they apply to local and overseas universities, depending on the overall performance in their grades, as well as the university's policies on transfer credits. A few secondary schools are now offering six-year program which leads directly to university entrance.

title: Institute_of_technology

title: Institute_of_technology

text: Polytechnics

text: in

text: Singapore

text: provides

text: industry

text: oriented

text: education

text: equivalent

text: to

text: a

text: junior

text: college

text: or

text: sixth

text: form

text: college

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Singapore

text: retains

text: a

text: system

text: similar

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: from

text: distinguishing

text: between

text: polytechnics

text: and

text: universities

text: Unlike

text: the

text: British

text: Polytechnic

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: system

text: Singapore

text: Polytechnics

text: do

text: not

text: offer

text: bachelors

text: masters

text: or

text: PhD

text: degrees

text: Under

text: this

text: system

text: most

text: Singaporean

text: students

text: sit

text: for

text: their

text: O

text: Level

text: examinations

text: after

text: a

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: education

text: in

text: secondary

text: school

text: and

text: apply

text: for

text: a

text: place

text: at

text: either

text: a

text: technical

text: school

text: termed

text: ITE

text: a

text: polytechnic

text: or

text: a

text: university

text: preparatory

text: school

text: a

text: junior

text: college

text: or

text: the

text: Millennia

text: Institute

text: a

text: centralized

text: institute

text: Polytechnic

text: graduates

text: may

text: be

text: granted

text: transfer

text: credits

text: when

text: they

text: apply

text: to

text: local

text: and

text: overseas

text: universities

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: overall

text: performance

text: in

text: their

text: grades

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: policies

text: on

text: transfer

text: credits

text: A

text: few

text: secondary

text: schools

text: are

text: now

text: offering

text: six

text: year

text: program

text: which

text: leads

text: directly

text: to

text: university

text: entrance

question: What's the name of Singapore's centralized institute that students can attend before university?

answer: Millennia Institute

text: Millennia Institute


text: The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School boasts eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall). Many instruments are taught, including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo. The School participates in many national competitions; many pupils are part of the National Youth Orchestra, and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians. A former Precentor of the college, Ralph Allwood set up and organised Eton Choral Courses, which run at the School every summer.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: The

text: current

text: Precentor

text: Head

text: of

text: Music

text: is

text: Tim

text: Johnson

text: and

text: the

text: School

text: boasts

text: eight

text: organs

text: and

text: an

text: entire

text: building

text: for

text: music

text: performance

text: spaces

text: include

text: the

text: School

text: Hall

text: the

text: Farrer

text: Theatre

text: and

text: two

text: halls

text: dedicated

text: to

text: music

text: the

text: Parry

text: Hall

text: and

text: the

text: Concert

text: Hall

text: Many

text: instruments

text: are

text: taught

text: including

text: obscure

text: ones

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: didgeridoo

text: The

text: School

text: participates

text: in

text: many

text: national

text: competitions

text: many

text: pupils

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Youth

text: Orchestra

text: and

text: the

text: School

text: gives

text: scholarships

text: for

text: dedicated

text: and

text: talented

text: musicians

text: A

text: former

text: Precentor

text: of

text: the

text: college

text: Ralph

text: Allwood

text: set

text: up

text: and

text: organised

text: Eton

text: Choral

text: Courses

text: which

text: run

text: at

text: the

text: School

text: every

text: summer

question: What term is given to the Head of Music?

answer: "Precentor"

text: "Precentor"

question: What is an example of a lesser-known instrument taught at Eton?

answer: didgeridoo

text: didgeridoo

question: Who is the current Precentor?

answer: Tim Johnson

text: Tim Johnson

question: How many organs does Eton house?

answer: eight

text: eight

question: Who is the current Headmaster?

text: Tim Johnson

question: Who currently guides the National Youth Orchestra?

text: Tim Johnson

question: Who now organizes the Eton Choral Courses?

text: Ralph Allwood

question: Who designed the Farrer Theatre?

text: Tim Johnson

question: Who designed Parry Hall?

text: Ralph Allwood


text: Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed James R. Mann, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected Frederick Gillett, R-MA, to be Speaker. Mann "had angered many Republicans by objecting to their private bills on the floor;" also he was a protégé of autocratic Speaker Joseph Cannon, R-IL (1903–1911), and many Members "suspected that he would try to re-centralize power in his hands if elected Speaker." More recently, although Robert H. Michel was the Minority Leader in 1994 when the Republicans regained control of the House in the 1994 midterm elections, he had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign, including the Contract with America which was unveiled six weeks before voting day.

title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

text: Second

text: Democrats

text: have

text: always

text: elevated

text: their

text: minority

text: floor

text: leader

text: to

text: the

text: speakership

text: upon

text: reclaiming

text: majority

text: status

text: Republicans

text: have

text: not

text: always

text: followed

text: this

text: leadership

text: succession

text: pattern

text: In

text: for

text: instance

text: Republicans

text: bypassed

text: James

text: R.

text: Mann

text: R

text: IL

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: minority

text: leader

text: for

text: eight

text: years

text: and

text: elected

text: Frederick

text: Gillett

text: R

text: MA

text: to

text: be

text: Speaker

text: Mann

text: had

text: angered

text: many

text: Republicans

text: by

text: objecting

text: to

text: their

text: private

text: bills

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: also

text: he

text: was

text: a

text: protégé

text: of

text: autocratic

text: Speaker

text: Joseph

text: Cannon

text: R

text: IL

text: and

text: many

text: Members

text: suspected

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: try

text: to

text: re

text: centralize

text: power

text: in

text: his

text: hands

text: if

text: elected

text: Speaker

text: More

text: recently

text: although

text: Robert

text: H.

text: Michel

text: was

text: the

text: Minority

text: Leader

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Republicans

text: regained

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: in

text: the

text: midterm

text: elections

text: he

text: had

text: already

text: announced

text: his

text: retirement

text: and

text: had

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: campaign

text: including

text: the

text: Contract

text: with

text: America

text: which

text: was

text: unveiled

text: six

text: weeks

text: before

text: voting

text: day

question: Which party has always elevated minority floor leaders to speakership?

answer: Democrats

text: Democrats

question: Why were republicans upset with Mann?

answer: objecting to their private bills on the floor

text: objecting to their private bills on the floor

question: What year did Republicans regain control while Rober Michel was Minority Leader?

answer: 1994

question: What have Republicans always elevated their minority floor leader to when obtaining majority status?

text: the speakership

question: What pattern have Democrats not always followed?

text: this leadership succession pattern

question: Who did Democrats elect to be speaker in 1903?

text: Frederick Gillett

question: How many Demcorats were angry with James R. Mann in 1911?

text: many

question: Who was Frederick Gillett a protege of?

text: autocratic Speaker Joseph Cannon


text: Muslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from circa 1000, in his Book of Optics. The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist." al-Khwarzimi's invented the log base systems that are being used today, he also contributed theorems in trigonometry as well as limits. Recent studies show that it is very likely that the Medieval Muslim artists were aware of advanced decagonal quasicrystal geometry (discovered half a millennium later in the 1970s and 1980s in the West) and used it in intricate decorative tilework in the architecture.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Muslim

text: scientists

text: contributed

text: to

text: advances

text: in

text: the

text: sciences

text: They

text: placed

text: far

text: greater

text: emphasis

text: on

text: experiment

text: than

text: had

text: the

text: Greeks

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: an

text: early

text: scientific

text: method

text: being

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: where

text: progress

text: in

text: methodology

text: was

text: made

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: experiments

text: of

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: Alhazen

text: on

text: optics

text: from

text: circa

text: in

text: his

text: Book

text: of

text: Optics

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: method

text: was

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: experiments

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: competing

text: scientific

text: theories

text: set

text: within

text: a

text: generally

text: empirical

text: orientation

text: which

text: began

text: among

text: Muslim

text: scientists

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: is

text: also

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: optics

text: especially

text: for

text: his

text: empirical

text: proof

text: of

text: the

text: intromission

text: theory

text: of

text: light

text: Some

text: have

text: also

text: described

text: Ibn

text: al

text: Haytham

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: scientist

text: al

text: Khwarzimi

text: 's

text: invented

text: the

text: log

text: base

text: systems

text: that

text: are

text: being

text: used

text: today

text: he

text: also

text: contributed

text: theorems

text: in

text: trigonometry

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: limits

text: Recent

text: studies

text: show

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: very

text: likely

text: that

text: the

text: Medieval

text: Muslim

text: artists

text: were

text: aware

text: of

text: advanced

text: decagonal

text: quasicrystal

text: geometry

text: discovered

text: half

text: a

text: millennium

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: and

text: used

text: it

text: in

text: intricate

text: decorative

text: tilework

text: in

text: the

text: architecture

question: Ibn al-Haytham experimented with what around the year 1000?

answer: optics

text: optics

question: Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it?

answer: Book of Optics

text: Book of Optics

question: Regarding the intromission theory of light, who showed the first proof?

answer: Ibn al-Haytham

text: Ibn al-Haytham

question: Which Muslim scientist worked on trigonometry?

answer: al-Khwarzimi

text: al-Khwarzimi

question: Who is believed to have discovered decagonal quasicrystal geometry?

answer: Medieval Muslim artists

text: Medieval Muslim artists

question: Who placed more emphasis on observation than the Greeks did?

text: Muslim scientists

question: What method was developed in the Greek world?

text: an early scientific method

question: who experimented on optics in the 10th century?

text: Ibn al-Haytham

question: What did Ibn al-Haytham write in the 10th century

text: Book of Optics

question: What type of geometry was first discovered in the West?

text: quasicrystal geometry


text: After the costly U.S. involvement in World War I, isolationism grew within the nation. Congress refused membership in the League of Nations, and in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia, the gradually more restrictive Neutrality Acts were passed, which were intended to prevent the U.S. from supporting either side in a war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to support Britain, however, and in 1940 signed the Lend-Lease Act, which permitted an expansion of the "cash and carry" arms trade to develop with Britain, which controlled the Atlantic sea lanes.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: After

text: the

text: costly

text: U.S.

text: involvement

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: isolationism

text: grew

text: within

text: the

text: nation

text: Congress

text: refused

text: membership

text: in

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: and

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: growing

text: turmoil

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: the

text: gradually

text: more

text: restrictive

text: Neutrality

text: Acts

text: were

text: passed

text: which

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: U.S.

text: from

text: supporting

text: either

text: side

text: in

text: a

text: war

text: President

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: sought

text: to

text: support

text: Britain

text: however

text: and

text: in

text: signed

text: the

text: Lend

text: Lease

text: Act

text: which

text: permitted

text: an

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: cash

text: and

text: carry

text: arms

text: trade

text: to

text: develop

text: with

text: Britain

text: which

text: controlled

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: sea

text: lanes

question: What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War I?

answer: isolationism

text: isolationism

question: Congress refused to allow the US to join what organization?

answer: the League of Nations

text: the League of Nations

question: What legislation was passed to discourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?

answer: Neutrality Acts

text: Neutrality Acts

question: Which US President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?

answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

question: What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Britain?

answer: the Lend-Lease Act

text: the Lend-Lease Act

question: What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War II?

text: isolationism

question: Congress refused to allow the UK to join what organization?

text: League of Nations

question: What legislation was passed to encourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?

text: Neutrality Acts

question: Which UK President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

question: What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Ireland?

text: Lend-Lease Act


text: The Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: Bagmati

text: River

text: which

text: flows

text: through

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: holy

text: river

text: both

text: by

text: Hindus

text: and

text: Buddhists

text: and

text: many

text: Hindu

text: temples

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: this

text: river

text: The

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: Bagmati

text: also

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Hindus

text: are

text: cremated

text: on

text: its

text: banks

text: and

text: Kirants

text: are

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: hills

text: by

text: its

text: side

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Nepali

text: Hindu

text: tradition

text: the

text: dead

text: body

text: must

text: be

text: dipped

text: three

text: times

text: into

text: the

text: Bagmati

text: before

text: cremation

text: The

text: chief

text: mourner

text: usually

text: the

text: first

text: son

text: who

text: lights

text: the

text: funeral

text: pyre

text: must

text: take

text: a

text: holy

text: riverwater

text: bath

text: immediately

text: after

text: cremation

text: Many

text: relatives

text: who

text: join

text: the

text: funeral

text: procession

text: also

text: take

text: bath

text: in

text: the

text: Bagmati

text: River

text: or

text: sprinkle

text: the

text: holy

text: water

text: on

text: their

text: bodies

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: cremation

text: as

text: the

text: Bagmati

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: purify

text: people

text: spiritually

question: In addition to Hindus, who regards the Bagmati River as sacred?

answer: Buddhists

text: Buddhists

question: What is done with Hindus after they die?

answer: cremated

text: cremated

question: What are done with the bodies of Kirants after death?

answer: buried

text: buried

question: In a Hindu funeral, who is typically the main mourner?

answer: first son

text: first son

question: Before Hindus are cremated, how many times are their bodies placed in the Bagmati?

answer: three

text: three


text: Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 6.2% in 2000, and 43.1% said they were racially mixed, up from 38.5%. In 2010, Elio Ferreira de Araujo, Brazil's minister for racial equality, attributed the increases to growing pride among his country's black and indigenous communities.

title: Black_people

title: Black_people

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: acceptance

text: of

text: miscegenation

text: Brazil

text: has

text: avoided

text: the

text: binary

text: polarization

text: of

text: society

text: into

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: abolished

text: slavery

text: without

text: a

text: civil

text: war

text: The

text: bitter

text: and

text: sometimes

text: violent

text: racial

text: tensions

text: that

text: have

text: divided

text: the

text: US

text: are

text: notably

text: absent

text: in

text: Brazil

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: of

text: Brazilians

text: said

text: they

text: were

text: black

text: compared

text: with

text: in

text: and

text: said

text: they

text: were

text: racially

text: mixed

text: up

text: from

text: In

text: Elio

text: Ferreira

text: de

text: Araujo

text: Brazil

text: 's

text: minister

text: for

text: racial

text: equality

text: attributed

text: the

text: increases

text: to

text: growing

text: pride

text: among

text: his

text: country

text: 's

text: black

text: and

text: indigenous

text: communities

question: What has Brazil avoided?

answer: the binary polarization of society into black and white

text: the binary polarization of society into black and white

question: What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?

answer: civil war

text: civil war

question: How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended?

answer: violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.

text: violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.

question: Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality?

answer: Elio Ferreira de Araujo

text: Elio Ferreira de Araujo

question: Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities?

answer: black and indigenous communities.

text: black and indigenous communities.


text: By the end of the regal period Rome had developed into a city-state, with a large plebeian, artisan class excluded from the old patrician gentes and from the state priesthoods. The city had commercial and political treaties with its neighbours; according to tradition, Rome's Etruscan connections established a temple to Minerva on the predominantly plebeian Aventine; she became part of a new Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, installed in a Capitoline temple, built in an Etruscan style and dedicated in a new September festival, Epulum Jovis. These are supposedly the first Roman deities whose images were adorned, as if noble guests, at their own inaugural banquet.

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: regal

text: period

text: Rome

text: had

text: developed

text: into

text: a

text: city

text: state

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: plebeian

text: artisan

text: class

text: excluded

text: from

text: the

text: old

text: patrician

text: gentes

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: state

text: priesthoods

text: The

text: city

text: had

text: commercial

text: and

text: political

text: treaties

text: with

text: its

text: neighbours

text: according

text: to

text: tradition

text: Rome

text: 's

text: Etruscan

text: connections

text: established

text: a

text: temple

text: to

text: Minerva

text: on

text: the

text: predominantly

text: plebeian

text: Aventine

text: she

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Capitoline

text: triad

text: of

text: Jupiter

text: Juno

text: and

text: Minerva

text: installed

text: in

text: a

text: Capitoline

text: temple

text: built

text: in

text: an

text: Etruscan

text: style

text: and

text: dedicated

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: September

text: festival

text: Epulum

text: Jovis

text: These

text: are

text: supposedly

text: the

text: first

text: Roman

text: deities

text: whose

text: images

text: were

text: adorned

text: as

text: if

text: noble

text: guests

text: at

text: their

text: own

text: inaugural

text: banquet

question: At the end of the regal period, what class was kept out of the state political and priesthood arenas?

answer: plebeian

text: plebeian

question: With whom did Rome have alliances at the end of the regal period?

answer: neighbours

text: neighbours

question: What goddess became a part of the Capitoline triad?

answer: Minerva

text: Minerva

question: In what style was the temple to Minerva built?

answer: Etruscan

text: Etruscan

question: What gods were in the Capitoline triad?

answer: Jupiter, Juno and Minerva

text: Jupiter, Juno and Minerva


text: The educational system of Myanmar is operated by the government agency, the Ministry of Education. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in privately funded English language schools. Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: The

text: educational

text: system

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: agency

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: The

text: education

text: system

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: system

text: due

text: to

text: nearly

text: a

text: century

text: of

text: British

text: and

text: Christian

text: presences

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: Nearly

text: all

text: schools

text: are

text: government

text: operated

text: but

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: a

text: recent

text: increase

text: in

text: privately

text: funded

text: English

text: language

text: schools

text: Schooling

text: is

text: compulsory

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: elementary

text: school

text: approximately

text: about

text: years

text: old

text: while

text: the

text: compulsory

text: schooling

text: age

text: is

text: or

text: at

text: international

text: level

question: Who runs the school system in Myanmar ?

answer: the Ministry of Education

text: the Ministry of Education

question: What country is Burma to credit for its academic system ?

answer: United Kingdom's

text: United Kingdom's

question: Why is this country so influential to the Burma academics ?

answer: due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar.

text: due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar.

question: Are there any alternatives to the public school system in Burma ?

answer: privately funded English language schoo

text: privately funded English language schoo

question: Are children required to go to school or can they choose to stay at home and work ?

answer: Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school

text: Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school


text: The "Safe Harbor" agreement is a voluntary agreement between the private landowner and FWS. The landowner agrees to alter the property to benefit or even attract a listed or proposed species in exchange for assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level. The policy relies on the "enhancement of survival" provision of Section §1539(a)(1)(A). A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both. The policy was developed by the Clinton Administration in 1999.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: The

text: Safe

text: Harbor

text: agreement

text: is

text: a

text: voluntary

text: agreement

text: between

text: the

text: private

text: landowner

text: and

text: FWS

text: The

text: landowner

text: agrees

text: to

text: alter

text: the

text: property

text: to

text: benefit

text: or

text: even

text: attract

text: a

text: listed

text: or

text: proposed

text: species

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: assurances

text: that

text: the

text: FWS

text: will

text: permit

text: future

text: takes

text: above

text: a

text: pre

text: determined

text: level

text: The

text: policy

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: enhancement

text: of

text: survival

text: provision

text: of

text: Section

text: A

text: landowner

text: can

text: have

text: either

text: a

text: Safe

text: Harbor

text: agreement

text: or

text: an

text: Incidental

text: Take

text: Permit

text: or

text: both

text: The

text: policy

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Clinton

text: Administration

text: in

question: What two groups are bound by a "Safe Harbor" agreement?

answer: the private landowner and FWS

text: the private landowner and FWS

question: In exchange for altering the property to a more beneficial state, what does the landowner gain from the Safe Harbor agreement?

answer: assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level

text: assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level

question: Which presidential administration developed Safe Harbor policy?

answer: the Clinton Administration

text: the Clinton Administration

question: Are Safe Harbor agreements and ITPs mutually exclusive?

answer: A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both.

text: A landowner can have either a "Safe Harbor" agreement or an Incidental Take Permit, or both.

question: What provision is the ITP under?

text: Section §1539(a)(1)(A)

question: When did FWS create the Safe Harbor agreement?

question: What form of agreement can a landowner no longer have if they acquire an ITP?

text: The "Safe Harbor" agreement

question: What provision relies on the Safe Harbor agreement?

text: the "enhancement of survival"

question: What administration developed Section §1539(a)(1)(A)?

text: the Clinton Administration


text: Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed as child labour, and a total of over 65 million. Asia, with its larger population, has the largest number of children employed as child labour at about 114 million. Latin America and Caribbean region have lower overall population density, but at 14 million child labourers has high incidence rates too.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Child

text: labour

text: accounts

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: workforce

text: in

text: Asia

text: in

text: Africa

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Canada

text: Europe

text: and

text: other

text: wealthy

text: nations

text: The

text: proportion

text: of

text: child

text: labourers

text: varies

text: greatly

text: among

text: countries

text: and

text: even

text: regions

text: inside

text: those

text: countries

text: Africa

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: percentage

text: of

text: children

text: aged

text: employed

text: as

text: child

text: labour

text: and

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: Asia

text: with

text: its

text: larger

text: population

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: children

text: employed

text: as

text: child

text: labour

text: at

text: about

text: million

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: Caribbean

text: region

text: have

text: lower

text: overall

text: population

text: density

text: but

text: at

text: million

text: child

text: labourers

text: has

text: high

text: incidence

text: rates

text: too

question: What country has the highest percentage of child labour?

answer: Africa

text: Africa

question: In Asia how many millions of children are employed?

answer: 114

question: Right now what percentage of children are employed in the US?

answer: 1%

question: Caribean and where else is there a low population of child workers?

answer: Latin America

text: Latin America


text: In his Science of Logic (1812–1814) Hegel argues that finite qualities are not fully "real" because they depend on other finite qualities to determine them. Qualitative infinity, on the other hand, would be more self-determining and hence more fully real. Similarly finite natural things are less "real"—because they are less self-determining—than spiritual things like morally responsible people, ethical communities and God. So any doctrine, such as materialism, that asserts that finite qualities or natural objects are fully real is mistaken.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: In

text: his

text: Science

text: of

text: Logic

text: Hegel

text: argues

text: that

text: finite

text: qualities

text: are

text: not

text: fully

text: real

text: because

text: they

text: depend

text: on

text: other

text: finite

text: qualities

text: to

text: determine

text: them

text: Qualitative

text: infinity

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: self

text: determining

text: and

text: hence

text: more

text: fully

text: real

text: Similarly

text: finite

text: natural

text: things

text: are

text: less

text: real

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: less

text: self

text: determining

text: than

text: spiritual

text: things

text: like

text: morally

text: responsible

text: people

text: ethical

text: communities

text: and

text: God

text: So

text: any

text: doctrine

text: such

text: as

text: materialism

text: that

text: asserts

text: that

text: finite

text: qualities

text: or

text: natural

text: objects

text: are

text: fully

text: real

text: is

text: mistaken

question: When was Science of Logic written?

answer: 1812–1814

question: Who was the author of Science of Logic?

answer: Hegel

text: Hegel

question: Why did Hegel believe natural things are less real than spiritual things?

answer: less self-determining

text: less self-determining

question: Along with God and morally responsible people, what is an example of a spiritual thing to Hegel?

answer: ethical communities

text: ethical communities

question: What is an example of a school of thought Hegel believed to be wrong?

answer: materialism

text: materialism

question: Why did Hegel argue that finite qualities were real?

text: they depend on other finite qualities

question: When was Hegel born?

question: When did Hegel die?

question: Which doctrine did Hegel support?

text: materialism

question: What are examples of natural things?


text: Imperial acquired Silwood Park in 1947, to provide a site for research and teaching in those aspects of biology not well suited for the main London campus. Felix, Imperial's student newspaper, was launched on 9 December 1949. On 29 January 1950, the government announced that it was intended that Imperial should expand to meet the scientific and technological challenges of the 20th century and a major expansion of the College followed over the next decade. In 1959 the Wolfson Foundation donated £350,000 for the establishment of a new Biochemistry Department.[citation needed] A special relationship between Imperial and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi was established in 1963.[citation needed]

title: Imperial_College_London

title: Imperial_College_London

text: Imperial

text: acquired

text: Silwood

text: Park

text: in

text: to

text: provide

text: a

text: site

text: for

text: research

text: and

text: teaching

text: in

text: those

text: aspects

text: of

text: biology

text: not

text: well

text: suited

text: for

text: the

text: main

text: London

text: campus

text: Felix

text: Imperial

text: 's

text: student

text: newspaper

text: was

text: launched

text: on

text: December

text: On

text: January

text: the

text: government

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: intended

text: that

text: Imperial

text: should

text: expand

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: scientific

text: and

text: technological

text: challenges

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: a

text: major

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: followed

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: decade

text: In

text: the

text: Wolfson

text: Foundation

text: donated

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: Biochemistry

text: Department.[citation

text: needed

text: A

text: special

text: relationship

text: between

text: Imperial

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: Delhi

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: needed

question: What site did Imperial acquire in 1947?

answer: Silwood Park

text: Silwood Park

question: What was the name of Imperial's student newspaper?

answer: Felix

text: Felix

question: How much money was donated for a new Biochemistry Department?

answer: £350,000

question: Who donated the large sum of money to help aid the establishement of the Biochemistry Department?

answer: Wolfson Foundation

text: Wolfson Foundation

question: Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963?

answer: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

text: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

question: What did Imperial aquire in the 19th century

text: Silwood Park

question: What was aquired for teaching chemistry that was not well suited for the main campus?

text: Silwood Park

question: What was the name of Imperials staff news paper?

text: Felix

question: When was Imperial's staff paper founded?

text: 9 December 1949

question: Who donated money to establish a new bioengenering department?

text: the Wolfson Foundation


text: Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: Connaught

text: Place

text: one

text: of

text: North

text: India

text: 's

text: largest

text: commercial

text: and

text: financial

text: centres

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: Adjoining

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Barakhamba

text: Road

text: ITO

text: are

text: also

text: major

text: commercial

text: centres

text: Government

text: and

text: quasi

text: government

text: sector

text: was

text: the

text: primary

text: employer

text: in

text: New

text: Delhi

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: service

text: sector

text: has

text: expanded

text: due

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: the

text: large

text: skilled

text: English

text: speaking

text: workforce

text: that

text: has

text: attracted

text: many

text: multinational

text: companies

text: Key

text: service

text: industries

text: include

text: information

text: technology

text: telecommunications

text: hotels

text: banking

text: media

text: and

text: tourism

question: What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi?

answer: Connaught Place

text: Connaught Place

question: New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?

answer: English

text: English

question: What is one of the key service industries of New Delhi?

answer: information technology

text: information technology

question: Prior to the expansion of the service sector, what sector was the largest employer in New Delhi?

answer: Government

text: Government

question: The large skilled English-speaking workforce of New Delhi has been able to attract what type of organizations to the city?

answer: multinational companies

text: multinational companies


text: The U.N. speech was well received but the Soviets never acted upon it, due to an overarching concern for the greater stockpiles of nuclear weapons in the U.S. arsenal. Indeed, Eisenhower embarked upon a greater reliance on the use of nuclear weapons, while reducing conventional forces, and with them the overall defense budget, a policy formulated as a result of Project Solarium and expressed in NSC 162/2. This approach became known as the "New Look", and was initiated with defense cuts in late 1953.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: The

text: U.N.

text: speech

text: was

text: well

text: received

text: but

text: the

text: Soviets

text: never

text: acted

text: upon

text: it

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: overarching

text: concern

text: for

text: the

text: greater

text: stockpiles

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: arsenal

text: Indeed

text: Eisenhower

text: embarked

text: upon

text: a

text: greater

text: reliance

text: on

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: while

text: reducing

text: conventional

text: forces

text: and

text: with

text: them

text: the

text: overall

text: defense

text: budget

text: a

text: policy

text: formulated

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: Project

text: Solarium

text: and

text: expressed

text: in

text: NSC

text: This

text: approach

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: New

text: Look

text: and

text: was

text: initiated

text: with

text: defense

text: cuts

text: in

text: late

question: What did Eisenhower reduce as he increased nuclear weapons stockpiles?

answer: conventional forces

text: conventional forces

question: What was the policy of increasing nuclear weapons while decreasing conventional forces called?

answer: New Look

text: New Look

question: When did Eisenhower begin to cut the defense budget?

answer: 1953

question: Along with NSC 162/2, what influenced the development of the New Look policy?

answer: Project Solarium

text: Project Solarium


text: The definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal". The Council of Trent decreed: "If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema."

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: The

text: definition

text: makes

text: no

text: declaration

text: about

text: the

text: Church

text: 's

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: was

text: sinless

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: freedom

text: from

text: actual

text: or

text: personal

text: sin

text: However

text: the

text: Church

text: holds

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: also

text: sinless

text: personally

text: free

text: from

text: all

text: sin

text: original

text: or

text: personal

text: The

text: Council

text: of

text: Trent

text: decreed

text: If

text: anyone

text: shall

text: say

text: that

text: a

text: man

text: once

text: justified

text: can

text: sin

text: no

text: more

text: nor

text: lose

text: grace

text: and

text: that

text: therefore

text: he

text: who

text: falls

text: and

text: sins

text: was

text: never

text: truly

text: justified

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: contrary

text: that

text: throughout

text: his

text: whole

text: life

text: he

text: can

text: avoid

text: all

text: sins

text: even

text: venial

text: sins

text: except

text: by

text: a

text: special

text: privilege

text: of

text: God

text: as

text: the

text: Church

text: holds

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: Blessed

text: Virgin

text: let

text: him

text: be

text: anathema

question: Is it believed that Mary carried no transgression which would require blame ?

answer: makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin

text: makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin

question: How did the Church view Mary in regards to her personal sins ?

answer: the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal

text: the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal

question: What important announcement was made by the ecumenical council in  regards to the decision on Mary ?

answer: let him be anathema."

text: let him be anathema."

question: What was the name of the ecumenical council that made the decision ?

answer: The Council of Trent

text: The Council of Trent

question: What this a definition say Mary was free from?

text: personal sin

question: Who says Mary was only free from Original Sin?

text: the Church

question: Who said that all men were capable of avoiding all sins throughout their life?

text: The Council of Trent

question: Who declared that God did not give Mary a special privilege?

text: The Council of Trent


text: On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also noted that in the 21st century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide. However, there are also a considerable number of scholars who have suggested that these acts did amount to genocide, and the ICTY has found in the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu, of genocide was met in Prijedor "With regard to the charge of genocide, the Chamber found that in spite of evidence of acts perpetrated in the municipalities which constituted the actus reus of genocide".

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: On

text: July

text: European

text: Court

text: of

text: Human

text: Rights

text: when

text: dismissing

text: the

text: appeal

text: by

text: Nikola

text: Jorgić

text: against

text: his

text: conviction

text: for

text: genocide

text: by

text: a

text: German

text: court

text: Jorgic

text: v.

text: Germany

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: German

text: courts

text: wider

text: interpretation

text: of

text: genocide

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: rejected

text: by

text: international

text: courts

text: considering

text: similar

text: cases

text: The

text: ECHR

text: also

text: noted

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Amongst

text: scholars

text: the

text: majority

text: have

text: taken

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: ethnic

text: cleansing

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: Serb

text: forces

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: expel

text: Muslims

text: and

text: Croats

text: from

text: their

text: homes

text: did

text: not

text: constitute

text: genocide

text: However

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: a

text: considerable

text: number

text: of

text: scholars

text: who

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: these

text: acts

text: did

text: amount

text: to

text: genocide

text: and

text: the

text: ICTY

text: has

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Momcilo

text: Krajisnik

text: case

text: that

text: the

text: actus

text: reu

text: of

text: genocide

text: was

text: met

text: in

text: Prijedor

text: With

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: genocide

text: the

text: Chamber

text: found

text: that

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: evidence

text: of

text: acts

text: perpetrated

text: in

text: the

text: municipalities

text: which

text: constituted

text: the

text: actus

text: reus

text: of

text: genocide

question: Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a German court?

answer: European Court of Human Rights

text: European Court of Human Rights

question: In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the German courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases?

answer: wider interpretation of genocide

text: wider interpretation of genocide

question: The ECHR noted that among certain academics, what act carried out by the Serbs agains Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide?

answer: ethnic cleansing

text: ethnic cleansing

question: The ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the Serbs against Bosnia-Herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind?

answer: expel Muslims and Croats from their homes

text: expel Muslims and Croats from their homes

question: Conversely the scholars who did view the Serbs' acts as constituting genocide, were backed up by what Tribunal?

answer: the ICTY

text: the ICTY

question: Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for cleansing by a German court?

text: European Court of Human Rights

question: In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the European courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases?

text: wider interpretation of genocide

question: What act carried about by the ECHR against Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide?

text: ethnic cleansing

question: What Tribunal backed up scholars who have ethnic cleansing?

text: the ICTY

question: What was the ultimate goal of the ethnic cleansing perpetuated by the ECHR?


text: There is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world. Darleen Pryds questions this view, pointing out that madaris and European universities in the Mediterranean region shared similar foundations by princely patrons and were intended to provide loyal administrators to further the rulers' agenda. Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: There

text: is

text: disagreement

text: whether

text: madaris

text: ever

text: became

text: universities

text: Scholars

text: like

text: Arnold

text: H.

text: Green

text: and

text: Seyyed

text: Hossein

text: Nasr

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: some

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: madaris

text: indeed

text: became

text: universities

text: George

text: Makdisi

text: and

text: others

text: however

text: argue

text: that

text: the

text: European

text: university

text: has

text: no

text: parallel

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Islamic

text: world

text: Darleen

text: Pryds

text: questions

text: this

text: view

text: pointing

text: out

text: that

text: madaris

text: and

text: European

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: shared

text: similar

text: foundations

text: by

text: princely

text: patrons

text: and

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: provide

text: loyal

text: administrators

text: to

text: further

text: the

text: rulers

text: agenda

text: Other

text: scholars

text: regard

text: the

text: university

text: as

text: uniquely

text: European

text: in

text: origin

text: and

text: characteristics

question: When did some madaris become considered like traditional colleges?

answer: 10th century

text: 10th century

question: What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris

answer: princely patrons

text: princely patrons

question: What was considered to be the underlying purpose of madaris?

answer: further the rulers' agenda

text: further the rulers' agenda

question: Who argued that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common?

answer: George Makdisi

text: George Makdisi

question: When did some madaris become considered unlike traditional colleges?

text: 10th century

question: What class of people founded only European universities?

text: princely patrons

question: What class of people founded only Islamic madaris?

text: princely patrons

question: What was considered to be the overt purpose of madaris?

text: further the rulers' agenda

question: Who agreed that European universities and Islamic madaris have very little in common?

text: George Makdisi


text: It is classified as a Beta World City, ranking seventh in Latin America and 73rd in the world. Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranks 8th in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. By 2014, is also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly major city in the world, first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of a larger metropolitan area, with a population of around 2 million.

title: Montevideo

title: Montevideo

text: It

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: a

text: Beta

text: World

text: City

text: ranking

text: seventh

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Described

text: as

text: a

text: vibrant

text: eclectic

text: place

text: with

text: a

text: rich

text: cultural

text: life

text: and

text: a

text: thriving

text: tech

text: center

text: and

text: entrepreneurial

text: culture

text: Montevideo

text: ranks

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: on

text: the

text: MasterCard

text: Global

text: Destination

text: Cities

text: Index

text: By

text: is

text: also

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: gay

text: friendly

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: first

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: hub

text: of

text: commerce

text: and

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: chief

text: port

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: financial

text: and

text: cultural

text: hub

text: of

text: a

text: larger

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

question: What is Montevideo classified as?

answer: a Beta World City

text: a Beta World City

question: What rank did Montevideo hold in Latin America during 2013?

answer: 8th

question: Montevideo is the hub of commerce and higher education in what area?

answer: Uruguay

text: Uruguay

question: Montevideo is the chief port of what area?

answer: Uruguay

text: Uruguay

question: What is the population of Montevideo?

answer: around 2 million

text: around 2 million


text: The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the Memel Territory was detached and was annexed by Lithuania in 1923. Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, war-torn East Prussia was divided at Joseph Stalin's insistence between the Soviet Union (the Kaliningrad Oblast in the Russian SFSR and the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region in the Lithuanian SSR) and the People's Republic of Poland (the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). The capital city Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province was largely evacuated during the war or expelled shortly thereafter in the expulsion of Germans after World War II. An estimated 300,000 (around one fifth of the population) died either in war time bombings raids or in the battles to defend the province.[citation needed]

title: East_Prussia

title: East_Prussia

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: became

text: the

text: leading

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: after

text: its

text: creation

text: in

text: However

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: granted

text: West

text: Prussia

text: to

text: Poland

text: and

text: made

text: East

text: Prussia

text: an

text: exclave

text: of

text: Weimar

text: Germany

text: the

text: new

text: Polish

text: Corridor

text: separating

text: East

text: Prussia

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Germany

text: while

text: the

text: Memel

text: Territory

text: was

text: detached

text: and

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: Lithuania

text: in

text: Following

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: defeat

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: war

text: torn

text: East

text: Prussia

text: was

text: divided

text: at

text: Joseph

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: insistence

text: between

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: and

text: the

text: constituent

text: counties

text: of

text: the

text: Klaipėda

text: Region

text: in

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: SSR

text: and

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: the

text: Warmian

text: Masurian

text: Voivodeship

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: Königsberg

text: was

text: renamed

text: Kaliningrad

text: in

text: The

text: German

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: was

text: largely

text: evacuated

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: or

text: expelled

text: shortly

text: thereafter

text: in

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: Germans

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: An

text: estimated

text: around

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: died

text: either

text: in

text: war

text: time

text: bombings

text: raids

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: battles

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: province.[citation

text: needed

question: What year did the Kingdom of Prussia become the leading state of the German Empire?

answer: 1871

question: What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland?

answer: Versailles

text: Versailles

question: What year did the Nazi's fall in World War II?

answer: 1945

question: How many died trying to defend the province in Kaliningrad?

answer: 300,000

question: How many people lived in Kaliningrad in 1946?

question: In what year was the Kingdom of Prussia founded?

question: In what year did Joseph Stalin come to power?