text: The oak forests of the southern and central Appalachians consist largely of black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks (Quercus velutina, Q. rubra, Q. alba, Q. prinus and Q. coccinea) and hickories, such as the pignut (Carya glabra) in particular. The richest forests, which grade into mesic types, usually in coves and on gentle slopes, have dominantly white and northern red oaks, while the driest sites are dominated by chestnut oak, or sometimes by scarlet or northern red oaks. In the northern Appalachians the oaks, except for white and northern red, drop out, while the latter extends farthest north.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: The

text: oak

text: forests

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: central

text: Appalachians

text: consist

text: largely

text: of

text: black

text: northern

text: red

text: white

text: chestnut

text: and

text: scarlet

text: oaks

text: Quercus

text: velutina

text: Q.

text: rubra

text: Q.

text: alba

text: Q.

text: prinus

text: and

text: Q.

text: coccinea

text: and

text: hickories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: pignut

text: Carya

text: glabra

text: in

text: particular

text: The

text: richest

text: forests

text: which

text: grade

text: into

text: mesic

text: types

text: usually

text: in

text: coves

text: and

text: on

text: gentle

text: slopes

text: have

text: dominantly

text: white

text: and

text: northern

text: red

text: oaks

text: while

text: the

text: driest

text: sites

text: are

text: dominated

text: by

text: chestnut

text: oak

text: or

text: sometimes

text: by

text: scarlet

text: or

text: northern

text: red

text: oaks

text: In

text: the

text: northern

text: Appalachians

text: the

text: oaks

text: except

text: for

text: white

text: and

text: northern

text: red

text: drop

text: out

text: while

text: the

text: latter

text: extends

text: farthest

text: north

question: What kind of oaks are in the central and southern portions?

answer: black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks

text: black, northern red, white, chestnut and scarlet oaks

question: What other tree is common there?

answer: hickories

text: hickories

question: What trees are located in drier portions?

answer: chestnut oak

text: chestnut oak

question: What is the dominate type of oak in the Appalachians?

text: pignut

question: What are the five primary types of hickories?

question: Where do black oaks primarily thrive?

text: The richest forests

question: Which two types of oak are rarest in the northern Appalachians?

text: white and northern red

question: Which form of oak is found furthest south?

text: northern red


text: The just-noticeable difference (jnd) (the threshold at which a change is perceived) depends on the tone's frequency content. Below 500 Hz, the jnd is about 3 Hz for sine waves, and 1 Hz for complex tones; above 1000 Hz, the jnd for sine waves is about 0.6% (about 10 cents). The jnd is typically tested by playing two tones in quick succession with the listener asked if there was a difference in their pitches. The jnd becomes smaller if the two tones are played simultaneously as the listener is then able to discern beat frequencies. The total number of perceptible pitch steps in the range of human hearing is about 1,400; the total number of notes in the equal-tempered scale, from 16 to 16,000 Hz, is 120.

title: Pitch_(music)

title: Pitch_(music

text: The

text: just

text: noticeable

text: difference

text: jnd

text: the

text: threshold

text: at

text: which

text: a

text: change

text: is

text: perceived

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: tone

text: 's

text: frequency

text: content

text: Below

text: Hz

text: the

text: jnd

text: is

text: about

text: Hz

text: for

text: sine

text: waves

text: and

text: Hz

text: for

text: complex

text: tones

text: above

text: Hz

text: the

text: jnd

text: for

text: sine

text: waves

text: is

text: about

text: about

text: cents

text: The

text: jnd

text: is

text: typically

text: tested

text: by

text: playing

text: two

text: tones

text: in

text: quick

text: succession

text: with

text: the

text: listener

text: asked

text: if

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: difference

text: in

text: their

text: pitches

text: The

text: jnd

text: becomes

text: smaller

text: if

text: the

text: two

text: tones

text: are

text: played

text: simultaneously

text: as

text: the

text: listener

text: is

text: then

text: able

text: to

text: discern

text: beat

text: frequencies

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: perceptible

text: pitch

text: steps

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: human

text: hearing

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: notes

text: in

text: the

text: equal

text: tempered

text: scale

text: from

text: to

text: Hz

text: is

question: The just-noticeable difference, at which a change is perceived depends on what?

answer: the tone's frequency content

text: the tone's frequency content

question: The jnd is typically tested by?

answer: playing two tones in quick succession

text: playing two tones in quick succession

question: What is the range of perceptible pitch steps to human hearing?

answer: 1,400


text: The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the top volleyball leagues in Europe and the Greek clubs have made significant success in European competitions. Olympiacos is the most successful volleyball club in the country having won the most domestic titles and being the only Greek club to have won European titles; they have won two CEV Cups, they have been CEV Champions League runners-up twice and they have played in as many as 12 Final Fours in the European competitions, making them one of the most traditional volleyball clubs in Europe. Iraklis have also seen significant success in European competitions, having been three times runners-up of the CEV Champions League.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: The

text: Greek

text: men

text: 's

text: national

text: volleyball

text: team

text: has

text: won

text: two

text: bronze

text: medals

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Volleyball

text: Championship

text: and

text: another

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Volleyball

text: League

text: a

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: and

text: a

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: FIVB

text: Volleyball

text: Men

text: 's

text: World

text: Championship

text: The

text: Greek

text: league

text: the

text: Ethniki

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: volleyball

text: leagues

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: clubs

text: have

text: made

text: significant

text: success

text: in

text: European

text: competitions

text: Olympiacos

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: volleyball

text: club

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: having

text: won

text: the

text: most

text: domestic

text: titles

text: and

text: being

text: the

text: only

text: Greek

text: club

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: European

text: titles

text: they

text: have

text: won

text: two

text: CEV

text: Cups

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: CEV

text: Champions

text: League

text: runners

text: up

text: twice

text: and

text: they

text: have

text: played

text: in

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: Final

text: Fours

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: competitions

text: making

text: them

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: traditional

text: volleyball

text: clubs

text: in

text: Europe

text: Iraklis

text: have

text: also

text: seen

text: significant

text: success

text: in

text: European

text: competitions

text: having

text: been

text: three

text: times

text: runners

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: CEV

text: Champions

text: League

question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team has won how many bronze medals?

answer: two

text: two

question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team came in what place in the Olympic games?

answer: 5th

question: What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country?

answer: Olympiacos

text: Olympiacos

question: Who is the only Greek volleyball club to win European titles?

answer: Olympiacos

text: Olympiacos


text: Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Other

text: states

text: with

text: long

text: histories

text: of

text: no

text: death

text: penalty

text: include

text: Wisconsin

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: with

text: only

text: one

text: execution

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: although

text: later

text: reintroduced

text: it

text: was

text: unused

text: and

text: abolished

text: again

text: Maine

text: North

text: Dakota

text: Minnesota

text: West

text: Virginia

text: Iowa

text: and

text: Vermont

text: The

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: has

text: also

text: abolished

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: it

text: was

text: last

text: used

text: in

text: Oregon

text: abolished

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: through

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: in

text: a

text: public

text: referendum

text: but

text: reinstated

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: joint

text: death

text: penalty

text: life

text: imprisonment

text: referendum

text: by

text: an

text: even

text: higher

text: margin

text: after

text: a

text: similar

text: referendum

text: succeeded

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: implemented

text: due

text: to

text: judicial

text: rulings

question: What state has had only a single execution?

answer: Wisconsin

text: Wisconsin

question: When was the last person executed in the District of Columbia?

answer: 1957

question: When did Oregon reinstate the death penalty?

answer: 1984

question: In what year did an Oregon referendum succeed in restoring the death penalty, only to be shot down due to a court ruling?

answer: 1978

question: What state notably abolished the death penalty and then reintroduced it, but didn't use it again?

answer: Rhode Island

text: Rhode Island

question: What state has had only a double execution?

text: Wisconsin

question: When was the first person executed in the District of Columbia?

question: When did Oregon reject the death penalty?

question: In what year did an Oregon referendum succeed in restoring the death penalty, only to be passed due to a court ruling?

question: What state notably abolished the death penalty and then reintroduced it, and used it frequently?

text: Rhode Island


text: Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrived to fortify Washington, DC, President Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying "Thank God for Michigan!" George Armstrong Custer led the Michigan Brigade during the Civil War and called them the "Wolverines".

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: Numerous

text: men

text: from

text: Detroit

text: volunteered

text: to

text: fight

text: for

text: the

text: Union

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: including

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Infantry

text: Regiment

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: legendary

text: Iron

text: Brigade

text: which

text: fought

text: with

text: distinction

text: and

text: suffered

text: casualties

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Gettysburg

text: in

text: When

text: the

text: First

text: Volunteer

text: Infantry

text: Regiment

text: arrived

text: to

text: fortify

text: Washington

text: DC

text: President

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: is

text: quoted

text: as

text: saying

text: Thank

text: God

text: for

text: Michigan

text: George

text: Armstrong

text: Custer

text: led

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Brigade

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: called

text: them

text: the

text: Wolverines

question: What year was the Battle of Gettysburg?

answer: 1863

question: Who led the Wolverine Brigade?

answer: George Armstrong Custer

text: George Armstrong Custer

question: What Brigade was the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment a part of?

answer: Iron Brigade

text: Iron Brigade

question: How many casualties did the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment have in Gettysburg?

answer: 82%


text: The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: The

text: trip

text: to

text: the

text: Moon

text: took

text: just

text: over

text: three

text: days

text: After

text: achieving

text: orbit

text: Armstrong

text: and

text: Aldrin

text: transferred

text: into

text: the

text: Lunar

text: Module

text: named

text: Eagle

text: and

text: after

text: a

text: landing

text: gear

text: inspection

text: by

text: Collins

text: remaining

text: in

text: the

text: Command

text: Service

text: Module

text: Columbia

text: began

text: their

text: descent

text: After

text: overcoming

text: several

text: computer

text: overload

text: alarms

text: caused

text: by

text: an

text: antenna

text: switch

text: left

text: in

text: the

text: wrong

text: position

text: and

text: a

text: slight

text: downrange

text: error

text: Armstrong

text: took

text: over

text: manual

text: flight

text: control

text: at

text: about

text: meters

text: ft

text: and

text: guided

text: the

text: Lunar

text: Module

text: to

text: a

text: safe

text: landing

text: spot

text: at

text: UTC

text: July

text: pm

text: CDT

text: The

text: first

text: humans

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: would

text: wait

text: another

text: six

text: hours

text: before

text: they

text: ventured

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: craft

text: At

text: UTC

text: July

text: pm

text: CDT

text: July

text: Armstrong

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: human

text: to

text: set

text: foot

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

question: How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11?

answer: three days

text: three days

question: The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal?

answer: Eagle

text: Eagle

question: Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon?

answer: Armstrong

text: Armstrong

question: At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon?

answer: 9:56 pm CDT July 20

text: 9:56 pm CDT July 20


text: The Districts of Germany (Kreise) are administrative districts, and every state except the city-states of Berlin, Hamburg, and Bremen consists of "rural districts" (Landkreise), District-free Towns/Cities (Kreisfreie Städte, in Baden-Württemberg also called "urban districts", or Stadtkreise), cities that are districts in their own right, or local associations of a special kind (Kommunalverbände besonderer Art), see below. The state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen consists of two urban districts, while Berlin and Hamburg are states and urban districts at the same time.

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: The

text: Districts

text: of

text: Germany

text: Kreise

text: are

text: administrative

text: districts

text: and

text: every

text: state

text: except

text: the

text: city

text: states

text: of

text: Berlin

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: Bremen

text: consists

text: of

text: rural

text: districts

text: Landkreise

text: District

text: free

text: Towns

text: Cities

text: Kreisfreie

text: Städte

text: in

text: Baden

text: Württemberg

text: also

text: called

text: urban

text: districts

text: or

text: Stadtkreise

text: cities

text: that

text: are

text: districts

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: right

text: or

text: local

text: associations

text: of

text: a

text: special

text: kind

text: Kommunalverbände

text: besonderer

text: Art

text: see

text: below

text: The

text: state

text: Free

text: Hanseatic

text: City

text: of

text: Bremen

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: urban

text: districts

text: while

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Hamburg

text: are

text: states

text: and

text: urban

text: districts

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

question: What are the districts of Germany considered?

answer: administrative districts

text: administrative districts

question: Every state, other than the free states, consist of districts called what?

answer: "rural districts"

text: "rural districts"

question: How many urban districts are in Bremen?

answer: two

text: two

question: Berlin and Hamburg are states and what else at the same time?

answer: urban districts

text: urban districts

question: What districts do every state, including, Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen have?

text: rural districts

question: What are towns and cities with districts called?

text: urban districts

question: What are Berlin and Humburg not considered to be, because they are states?

text: urban districts

question: How many rural districts are in Bremen?

text: two

question: Every state including free states consist of what?

text: rural districts


text: Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and ad minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s Bruce Voeller, the chair of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

title: Sexual_orientation

title: Sexual_orientation

text: Depending

text: on

text: which

text: component

text: of

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: is

text: being

text: assessed

text: and

text: referenced

text: different

text: conclusions

text: can

text: be

text: drawn

text: about

text: the

text: prevalence

text: rate

text: of

text: homosexuality

text: which

text: has

text: real

text: world

text: consequences

text: Knowing

text: how

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: homosexual

text: individuals

text: influences

text: how

text: this

text: population

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: or

text: treated

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: government

text: bodies

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: homosexual

text: individuals

text: constitute

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: they

text: are

text: politically

text: easier

text: to

text: ignore

text: or

text: than

text: if

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: constituency

text: that

text: surpasses

text: most

text: ethnic

text: and

text: ad

text: minority

text: groups

text: If

text: the

text: number

text: is

text: relatively

text: minor

text: then

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: argue

text: for

text: community

text: based

text: same

text: sex

text: programs

text: and

text: services

text: mass

text: media

text: inclusion

text: of

text: gay

text: role

text: models

text: or

text: Gay

text: Straight

text: Alliances

text: in

text: schools

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: in

text: the

text: Bruce

text: Voeller

text: the

text: chair

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Gay

text: and

text: Lesbian

text: Task

text: Force

text: perpetuated

text: a

text: common

text: myth

text: that

text: the

text: prevalence

text: of

text: homosexuality

text: is

text: for

text: the

text: whole

text: population

text: by

text: averaging

text: a

text: number

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: for

text: women

text: Voeller

text: generalized

text: this

text: finding

text: and

text: used

text: it

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: gay

text: rights

text: movement

text: to

text: convince

text: politicians

text: and

text: the

text: public

text: that

text: we

text: gays

text: and

text: lesbians

text: are

text: everywhere

question: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's?

answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population

text: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population

question: What were the calculations of this myth?

answer: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

text: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?

answer: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere

text: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere

question: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual?

answer: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

text: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

question: What does knowing the sexual population influence?

answer: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

text: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies

question: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?

answer: Bruce Voeller

text: Bruce Voeller

question: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?

answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

text: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women

question: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings?

answer: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".

text: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".


text: Washington University supports four major student-run media outlets. The university's student newspaper, Student Life, is available for students. KWUR (90.3 FM) serves as the students' official radio station; the station also attracts an audience in the immediately surrounding community due to its eclectic and free-form musical programming. WUTV is the university's closed-circuit television channel. The university's main student-run political publication is the Washington University Political Review (nicknamed "WUPR"), a self-described "multipartisan" monthly magazine. Washington University undergraduates publish two literary and art journals, The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine. A variety of other publications also serve the university community, ranging from in-house academic journals to glossy alumni magazines to WUnderground, campus' student-run satirical newspaper.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: Washington

text: University

text: supports

text: four

text: major

text: student

text: run

text: media

text: outlets

text: The

text: university

text: 's

text: student

text: newspaper

text: Student

text: Life

text: is

text: available

text: for

text: students

text: KWUR

text: FM

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: students

text: official

text: radio

text: station

text: the

text: station

text: also

text: attracts

text: an

text: audience

text: in

text: the

text: immediately

text: surrounding

text: community

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: eclectic

text: and

text: free

text: form

text: musical

text: programming

text: WUTV

text: is

text: the

text: university

text: 's

text: closed

text: circuit

text: television

text: channel

text: The

text: university

text: 's

text: main

text: student

text: run

text: political

text: publication

text: is

text: the

text: Washington

text: University

text: Political

text: Review

text: nicknamed

text: WUPR

text: a

text: self

text: described

text: multipartisan

text: monthly

text: magazine

text: Washington

text: University

text: undergraduates

text: publish

text: two

text: literary

text: and

text: art

text: journals

text: The

text: Eliot

text: Review

text: and

text: Spires

text: Intercollegiate

text: Arts

text: and

text: Literary

text: Magazine

text: A

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: publications

text: also

text: serve

text: the

text: university

text: community

text: ranging

text: from

text: in

text: house

text: academic

text: journals

text: to

text: glossy

text: alumni

text: magazines

text: to

text: WUnderground

text: campus

text: student

text: run

text: satirical

text: newspaper

question: How many media outlets does Washington University support?

answer: four

text: four

question: What is the official student radio station at Washington University?

answer: KWUR (90.3 FM)

text: KWUR (90.3 FM)

question: What is the name of Washington University's political publication?

answer: Washington University Political Review

text: Washington University Political Review

question: What is Washington University's closed circuit television network?

answer: WUTV

text: WUTV

question: What are the names of the art journals published by Washington University?

answer: The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine

text: The Eliot Review and Spires Intercollegiate Arts and Literary Magazine

question: How many student-run political publications are there at Washington University?

text: four

question: How often do Washington University undergraduates publish their literary and art journals?

text: monthly

question: What has the surrounding community called the content of Student Life?

text: eclectic and free-form

question: How often are in-house academic journals published typically?

text: monthly

question: How often are glossy alumni magazines sent out to former students?

text: monthly


text: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: Around

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: William

text: James

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: radical

text: empiricism

text: to

text: describe

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: his

text: form

text: of

text: pragmatism

text: which

text: he

text: argued

text: could

text: be

text: dealt

text: with

text: separately

text: from

text: his

text: pragmatism

text: though

text: in

text: fact

text: the

text: two

text: concepts

text: are

text: intertwined

text: in

text: James

text: 's

text: published

text: lectures

text: James

text: maintained

text: that

text: the

text: empirically

text: observed

text: directly

text: apprehended

text: universe

text: needs

text: no

text: extraneous

text: trans

text: empirical

text: connective

text: support

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: meant

text: to

text: rule

text: out

text: the

text: perception

text: that

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: any

text: value

text: added

text: by

text: seeking

text: supernatural

text: explanations

text: for

text: natural

text: phenomena

text: James

text: 's

text: radical

text: empiricism

text: is

text: thus

text: not

text: radical

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: empiricism

text: but

text: is

text: instead

text: fairly

text: consistent

text: with

text: the

text: modern

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: empirical

text: His

text: method

text: of

text: argument

text: in

text: arriving

text: at

text: this

text: view

text: however

text: still

text: readily

text: encounters

text: debate

text: within

text: philosophy

text: even

text: today

question: Who came up with 'radical empiricism'?

answer: William James

text: William James

question: Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined?

answer: in James's published lectures

text: in James's published lectures

question: When was William James born?

answer: 1842

question: When did William James die?

answer: 1910

question: When did James come up with 'radical empiricism'?

answer: Around the beginning of the 20th century

text: Around the beginning of the 20th century

question: Why is James' method considered radical?

question: What methodology by James is roundly accepted today?

text: radical empiricism

question: Where did James prove pragmatism and radical empiricism could be dealt with separately?

text: James's published lectures

question: How did James argue for the importance of the supernatural?


text: Generally, American civil procedure has several notable features, including extensive pretrial discovery, heavy reliance on live testimony obtained at deposition or elicited in front of a jury, and aggressive pretrial "law and motion" practice designed to result in a pretrial disposition (that is, summary judgment) or a settlement. U.S. courts pioneered the concept of the opt-out class action, by which the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment, as opposed to opt-in class actions, where class members must join into the class. Another unique feature is the so-called American Rule under which parties generally bear their own attorneys' fees (as opposed to the English Rule of "loser pays"), though American legislators and courts have carved out numerous exceptions.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: Generally

text: American

text: civil

text: procedure

text: has

text: several

text: notable

text: features

text: including

text: extensive

text: pretrial

text: discovery

text: heavy

text: reliance

text: on

text: live

text: testimony

text: obtained

text: at

text: deposition

text: or

text: elicited

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: a

text: jury

text: and

text: aggressive

text: pretrial

text: law

text: and

text: motion

text: practice

text: designed

text: to

text: result

text: in

text: a

text: pretrial

text: disposition

text: that

text: is

text: summary

text: judgment

text: or

text: a

text: settlement

text: U.S.

text: courts

text: pioneered

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: opt

text: out

text: class

text: action

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: burden

text: falls

text: on

text: class

text: members

text: to

text: notify

text: the

text: court

text: that

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: wish

text: to

text: be

text: bound

text: by

text: the

text: judgment

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: opt

text: in

text: class

text: actions

text: where

text: class

text: members

text: must

text: join

text: into

text: the

text: class

text: Another

text: unique

text: feature

text: is

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: American

text: Rule

text: under

text: which

text: parties

text: generally

text: bear

text: their

text: own

text: attorneys

text: fees

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Rule

text: of

text: loser

text: pays

text: though

text: American

text: legislators

text: and

text: courts

text: have

text: carved

text: out

text: numerous

text: exceptions

question: What is extensive pretrial discovery a part of?

answer: American civil procedure

text: American civil procedure

question: What is a pretrial deposition?

answer: summary judgment

text: summary judgment

question: What is an opt-out class action?

answer: the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment

text: the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment

question: What is an opt-in class action?

answer: class members must join into the class

text: class members must join into the class

question: What is the American Rule?

answer: parties generally bear their own attorneys' fees

text: parties generally bear their own attorneys' fees

question: What does not place much weight on live testimony?

text: American civil procedure

question: What country's courts have opt-in class actions?

text: U.S.

question: What is the name of the opt-out class action?

text: American Rule

question: What are pretrial dispositions designed to result in?

text: pretrial "law and motion"

question: American legislators do not provide exceptions for what rule?

text: American Rule


text: Kievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, his sons married the daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor (not to mention a niece of the Pope), while his granddaughters were a German Empress and (according to one theory) the queen of Scotland. A grandson married the only daughter of the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. Thus the Rurikids were a well-connected royal family of the time.

title: Kievan_Rus%27

title: Kievan_Rus%27

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: also

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: genealogical

text: role

text: in

text: European

text: politics

text: Yaroslav

text: the

text: Wise

text: whose

text: stepmother

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: dynasty

text: the

text: greatest

text: one

text: to

text: rule

text: Byzantium

text: married

text: the

text: only

text: legitimate

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: who

text: Christianized

text: Sweden

text: His

text: daughters

text: became

text: queens

text: of

text: Hungary

text: France

text: and

text: Norway

text: his

text: sons

text: married

text: the

text: daughters

text: of

text: a

text: Polish

text: king

text: and

text: a

text: Byzantine

text: emperor

text: not

text: to

text: mention

text: a

text: niece

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: while

text: his

text: granddaughters

text: were

text: a

text: German

text: Empress

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: one

text: theory

text: the

text: queen

text: of

text: Scotland

text: A

text: grandson

text: married

text: the

text: only

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: king

text: of

text: England

text: Thus

text: the

text: Rurikids

text: were

text: a

text: well

text: connected

text: royal

text: family

text: of

text: the

text: time

question: To which dynasty did Yarolav's step mother belong to?

answer: Macedonian dynasty

text: Macedonian dynasty

question: Which three countried did Yaroslav's daughters become queens of?

answer: Hungary, France and Norway

text: Hungary, France and Norway

question: Who did Yaroslav's sons marry?

answer: daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor

text: daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor

question: What did not play an important role in European politics?

text: Kievan Rus

question: Whose stepmother did not belong to a Macedonian dynasty?

text: Yaroslav the Wise

question: Who was not the greatest ruler of Byzantium?

text: Yaroslav the Wise

question: Which countries did Yaroslav's sons become kings of?

text: Hungary, France and Norway

question: Who did Yaroslav's sons not marry?


text: The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston. It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.

title: The_Bronx

title: The_Bronx

text: The

text: western

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: are

text: hillier

text: and

text: are

text: dominated

text: by

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: parallel

text: ridges

text: running

text: south

text: to

text: north

text: The

text: West

text: Bronx

text: has

text: older

text: apartment

text: buildings

text: low

text: income

text: public

text: housing

text: complexes

text: multifamily

text: homes

text: in

text: its

text: lower

text: income

text: areas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: larger

text: single

text: family

text: homes

text: in

text: more

text: affluent

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: Riverdale

text: and

text: Fieldston

text: It

text: includes

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: fourth

text: largest

text: park

text: Van

text: Cortlandt

text: Park

text: along

text: the

text: Westchester

text: Bronx

text: border

text: The

text: Grand

text: Concourse

text: a

text: wide

text: boulevard

text: runs

text: through

text: it

text: north

text: to

text: south

question: What parts of the Bronx have more hills?

answer: western

text: western

question: What parts of West Bronx are more affluent?

answer: Riverdale and Fieldston.

text: Riverdale and Fieldston.

question: What is NYC's 4th-largest park?

answer: Van Cortlandt Park

text: Van Cortlandt Park

question: Where is Van Cortlandt Park?

answer: along the Westchester-Bronx border

text: along the Westchester-Bronx border

question: What is the Grand Concourse?

answer: a wide boulevard

text: a wide boulevard


text: In Canada, the traditional ceremony for granting assent in parliament was regularly used until the 21st century, long after it had been discontinued in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. One result, conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada's status as an independent kingdom, was that King George VI personally assented to nine bills of the Canadian parliament during the 1939 royal tour of Canada—85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally in the United Kingdom. Under the Royal Assent Act 2002, however, the alternative practice of granting assent in writing, with each house being notified separately ( the Speaker of the Senate or a representative reads to the senators the letters from the governor general regarding the written declaration of Royal Assent), was brought into force. As the act also provides, royal assent is to be signified—by the governor general, or, more often, by a deputy, usually a Justice of the Supreme Court, at least twice each calendar year: for the first appropriation measure and for at least one other act, usually the first non-appropriation measure passed. However, the act provides that a grant of royal assent is not rendered invalid by a failure to employ the traditional ceremony where required.

title: Royal_assent

title: Royal_assent

text: In

text: Canada

text: the

text: traditional

text: ceremony

text: for

text: granting

text: assent

text: in

text: parliament

text: was

text: regularly

text: used

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: long

text: after

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: discontinued

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: other

text: Commonwealth

text: realms

text: One

text: result

text: conceived

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: a

text: string

text: of

text: royal

text: duties

text: intended

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: Canada

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: kingdom

text: was

text: that

text: King

text: George

text: VI

text: personally

text: assented

text: to

text: nine

text: bills

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: parliament

text: during

text: the

text: royal

text: tour

text: of

text: years

text: after

text: his

text: great

text: grandmother

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: had

text: last

text: granted

text: royal

text: assent

text: personally

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Under

text: the

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: Act

text: however

text: the

text: alternative

text: practice

text: of

text: granting

text: assent

text: in

text: writing

text: with

text: each

text: house

text: being

text: notified

text: separately

text: the

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: or

text: a

text: representative

text: reads

text: to

text: the

text: senators

text: the

text: letters

text: from

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: regarding

text: the

text: written

text: declaration

text: of

text: Royal

text: Assent

text: was

text: brought

text: into

text: force

text: As

text: the

text: act

text: also

text: provides

text: royal

text: assent

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: signified

text: by

text: the

text: governor

text: general

text: or

text: more

text: often

text: by

text: a

text: deputy

text: usually

text: a

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: at

text: least

text: twice

text: each

text: calendar

text: year

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: appropriation

text: measure

text: and

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: other

text: act

text: usually

text: the

text: first

text: non

text: appropriation

text: measure

text: passed

text: However

text: the

text: act

text: provides

text: that

text: a

text: grant

text: of

text: royal

text: assent

text: is

text: not

text: rendered

text: invalid

text: by

text: a

text: failure

text: to

text: employ

text: the

text: traditional

text: ceremony

text: where

text: required

question: When did Canada finally cease to use the traditional ceremony for granting assent as regular practice?

answer: the 21st century

text: the 21st century

question: Why was King George VI's personal assent in 1939 noteworthy?

answer: 85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally

text: 85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally

question: With what bill in Canada did granting assent by writing become effective?

answer: Royal Assent Act 2002

text: Royal Assent Act 2002

question: In Chile, the ceremony for granting assent was used until what century?

question: What king assented to nineteen bills of the Canadian parliament during the 1939 royal tour?

text: King George VI

question: Who was King George VI's grandmother?

text: Queen Victoria

question: A grant of royal assent is rendered invalid by what?


text: Retailers, sporting goods makers, and other businesses benefit from extra afternoon sunlight, as it induces customers to shop and to participate in outdoor afternoon sports. In 1984, Fortune magazine estimated that a seven-week extension of DST would yield an additional $30 million for 7-Eleven stores, and the National Golf Foundation estimated the extension would increase golf industry revenues $200 million to $300 million. A 1999 study estimated that DST increases the revenue of the European Union's leisure sector by about 3%.

title: Daylight_saving_time

title: Daylight_saving_time

text: Retailers

text: sporting

text: goods

text: makers

text: and

text: other

text: businesses

text: benefit

text: from

text: extra

text: afternoon

text: sunlight

text: as

text: it

text: induces

text: customers

text: to

text: shop

text: and

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: outdoor

text: afternoon

text: sports

text: In

text: Fortune

text: magazine

text: estimated

text: that

text: a

text: seven

text: week

text: extension

text: of

text: DST

text: would

text: yield

text: an

text: additional

text: million

text: for

text: stores

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Golf

text: Foundation

text: estimated

text: the

text: extension

text: would

text: increase

text: golf

text: industry

text: revenues

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: A

text: study

text: estimated

text: that

text: DST

text: increases

text: the

text: revenue

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: 's

text: leisure

text: sector

text: by

text: about

question: What category of goods that are used in outdoor activities benefit from the extra hour of daylight from DST?

answer: sporting goods

text: sporting goods

question: What organization predicted a $100 million increase for the golf sector because of extended DST?

answer: the National Golf Foundation

text: the National Golf Foundation

question: What year did Fortune magazine make predictions about the increased revenue an extended daylight savings would provide?

answer: 1984

question: According to a study in 1999, daylight savings has caused what approximate percentage of increase in leisure industry revenue in the European Union?

answer: 3%

question: How much extra money from DST did Fortune predict for 7-Eleven on account of DST?

answer: $30 million

text: $30 million


text: In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: In

text: Apple

text: faced

text: two

text: lawsuits

text: claiming

text: patent

text: infringement

text: by

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: technologies

text: Advanced

text: Audio

text: Devices

text: claimed

text: the

text: iPod

text: line

text: breached

text: its

text: patent

text: on

text: a

text: music

text: jukebox

text: while

text: a

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: based

text: IP

text: portfolio

text: company

text: called

text: Pat

text: rights

text: filed

text: a

text: suit

text: claiming

text: that

text: Apple

text: 's

text: FairPlay

text: technology

text: breached

text: a

text: patent

text: issued

text: to

text: inventor

text: Ho

text: Keung

text: Tse

text: The

text: latter

text: case

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: online

text: music

text: stores

text: of

text: Sony

text: RealNetworks

text: Napster

text: and

text: Musicmatch

text: as

text: defendants

question: In what year did Apple face multiple intellectual property lawsuits?

answer: 2005

question: What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing?

answer: patent infringement

text: patent infringement

question: What other companies were named in the suit filed by Pat-rights?

answer: Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch

text: Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch

question: On whose behalf did Pat-rights take Apple to court?

answer: Ho Keung Tse

text: Ho Keung Tse

question: Which company sued Apple for breach of a "music jukebox" patent in 2005?

answer: Advanced Audio Devices

text: Advanced Audio Devices

question: Which Apple technology did Pat-rights complain breached their patent in a lawsuit?

answer: FairPlay

text: FairPlay


text: As political instability grew in Syria, delegations from the country were sent to Nasser demanding immediate unification with Egypt. Nasser initially turned down the request, citing the two countries' incompatible political and economic systems, lack of contiguity, the Syrian military's record of intervention in politics, and the deep factionalism among Syria's political forces. However, in January 1958, a second Syrian delegation managed to convince Nasser of an impending communist takeover and a consequent slide to civil strife. Nasser subsequently opted for union, albeit on the condition that it would be a total political merger with him as its president, to which the delegates and Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli agreed. On 1 February, the United Arab Republic (UAR) was proclaimed and, according to Dawisha, the Arab world reacted in "stunned amazement, which quickly turned into uncontrolled euphoria." Nasser ordered a crackdown against Syrian communists, dismissing many of them from their governmental posts.

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

text: As

text: political

text: instability

text: grew

text: in

text: Syria

text: delegations

text: from

text: the

text: country

text: were

text: sent

text: to

text: Nasser

text: demanding

text: immediate

text: unification

text: with

text: Egypt

text: Nasser

text: initially

text: turned

text: down

text: the

text: request

text: citing

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: incompatible

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: systems

text: lack

text: of

text: contiguity

text: the

text: Syrian

text: military

text: 's

text: record

text: of

text: intervention

text: in

text: politics

text: and

text: the

text: deep

text: factionalism

text: among

text: Syria

text: 's

text: political

text: forces

text: However

text: in

text: January

text: a

text: second

text: Syrian

text: delegation

text: managed

text: to

text: convince

text: Nasser

text: of

text: an

text: impending

text: communist

text: takeover

text: and

text: a

text: consequent

text: slide

text: to

text: civil

text: strife

text: Nasser

text: subsequently

text: opted

text: for

text: union

text: albeit

text: on

text: the

text: condition

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: be

text: a

text: total

text: political

text: merger

text: with

text: him

text: as

text: its

text: president

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: delegates

text: and

text: Syrian

text: president

text: Shukri

text: al

text: Quwatli

text: agreed

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: UAR

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Dawisha

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: reacted

text: in

text: stunned

text: amazement

text: which

text: quickly

text: turned

text: into

text: uncontrolled

text: euphoria

text: Nasser

text: ordered

text: a

text: crackdown

text: against

text: Syrian

text: communists

text: dismissing

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: from

text: their

text: governmental

text: posts

question: What country wanted to join with Egypt?

answer: Syria

text: Syria

question: What Syrian group did Nasser crack down on?

answer: communists

text: communists

question: What was the Egyptian-Syrian alliance called?

answer: United Arab Republic

text: United Arab Republic

question: What year was the UAR formed?

answer: 1958


text: One month later, the proposed European Treaty was rejected not only by supporters of the EDC but also by western opponents of the European Defense Community (like French Gaullist leader Palewski) who perceived it as "unacceptable in its present form because it excludes the USA from participation in the collective security system in Europe". The Soviets then decided to make a new proposal to the governments of the USA, UK and France stating to accept the participation of the USA in the proposed General European Agreement. And considering that another argument deployed against the Soviet proposal was that it was perceived by western powers as "directed against the North Atlantic Pact and its liquidation", the Soviets decided to declare their "readiness to examine jointly with other interested parties the question of the participation of the USSR in the North Atlantic bloc", specifying that "the admittance of the USA into the General European Agreement should not be conditional on the three western powers agreeing to the USSR joining the North Atlantic Pact".

title: Warsaw_Pact

title: Warsaw_Pact

text: One

text: month

text: later

text: the

text: proposed

text: European

text: Treaty

text: was

text: rejected

text: not

text: only

text: by

text: supporters

text: of

text: the

text: EDC

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: western

text: opponents

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Defense

text: Community

text: like

text: French

text: Gaullist

text: leader

text: Palewski

text: who

text: perceived

text: it

text: as

text: unacceptable

text: in

text: its

text: present

text: form

text: because

text: it

text: excludes

text: the

text: USA

text: from

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: collective

text: security

text: system

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Soviets

text: then

text: decided

text: to

text: make

text: a

text: new

text: proposal

text: to

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: UK

text: and

text: France

text: stating

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: in

text: the

text: proposed

text: General

text: European

text: Agreement

text: And

text: considering

text: that

text: another

text: argument

text: deployed

text: against

text: the

text: Soviet

text: proposal

text: was

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: perceived

text: by

text: western

text: powers

text: as

text: directed

text: against

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Pact

text: and

text: its

text: liquidation

text: the

text: Soviets

text: decided

text: to

text: declare

text: their

text: readiness

text: to

text: examine

text: jointly

text: with

text: other

text: interested

text: parties

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: bloc

text: specifying

text: that

text: the

text: admittance

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: into

text: the

text: General

text: European

text: Agreement

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: conditional

text: on

text: the

text: three

text: western

text: powers

text: agreeing

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: joining

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Pact

question: The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition?

answer: the USA

text: the USA

question: The European Treaty was accepted by which group?

text: EDC

question: Supporters of the European Defense Community were in favor of what treaty?

text: European

question: The UK was initially excluded from participating in which agreement?

text: European Treaty

question: One of the leaders who supported the European Defense Community was whom?

text: Palewski


text: The legal administration of the death penalty in the United States is complex. Typically, it involves four critical steps: (1) sentencing, (2) direct review, (3) state collateral review, and (4) federal habeas corpus. Recently, a narrow and final fifth level of process – (5) the Section 1983 challenge – has become increasingly important. (Clemency or pardon, through which the Governor or President of the jurisdiction can unilaterally reduce or abrogate a death sentence, is an executive rather than judicial process.) The number of new death sentences handed down peaked in 1995–1996 (309). There were 73 new death sentences handed down in 2014, the lowest number since 1973 (44).

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: The

text: legal

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: complex

text: Typically

text: it

text: involves

text: four

text: critical

text: steps

text: sentencing

text: direct

text: review

text: state

text: collateral

text: review

text: and

text: federal

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: Recently

text: a

text: narrow

text: and

text: final

text: fifth

text: level

text: of

text: process

text: the

text: Section

text: challenge

text: has

text: become

text: increasingly

text: important

text: Clemency

text: or

text: pardon

text: through

text: which

text: the

text: Governor

text: or

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: can

text: unilaterally

text: reduce

text: or

text: abrogate

text: a

text: death

text: sentence

text: is

text: an

text: executive

text: rather

text: than

text: judicial

text: process

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: death

text: sentences

text: handed

text: down

text: peaked

text: in

text: There

text: were

text: new

text: death

text: sentences

text: handed

text: down

text: in

text: the

text: lowest

text: number

text: since

question: In the United States, how many important steps are usually present in the administration of capital punishment?

answer: four

text: four

question: Along with the President, what officeholder can issue pardons?

answer: Governor

text: Governor

question: How many death sentences were issued in the period 1995-1996?

answer: 309

question: How many capital sentences were given in 1973?

answer: 44

question: In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions?

answer: 2014

question: In the United States, how many important steps are never present in the administration of capital punishment?

text: four

question: Along with the President, what officeholder can't issue pardons?

text: Governor

question: How many death sentences were rejected in the period 1995-1996?

question: How many capital sentences were rejected in 1973?

question: In what year were there 73 death penalty convictions overturned?


text: In 1214 John began his final campaign to reclaim Normandy from Philip. John was optimistic, as he had successfully built up alliances with the Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders; he was enjoying papal favour; and he had successfully built up substantial funds to pay for the deployment of his experienced army. Nonetheless, when John left for Poitou in February 1214, many barons refused to provide military service; mercenary knights had to fill the gaps. John's plan was to split Philip's forces by pushing north-east from Poitou towards Paris, whilst Otto, Renaud and Ferdinand, supported by William Longespée, marched south-west from Flanders.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: In

text: John

text: began

text: his

text: final

text: campaign

text: to

text: reclaim

text: Normandy

text: from

text: Philip

text: John

text: was

text: optimistic

text: as

text: he

text: had

text: successfully

text: built

text: up

text: alliances

text: with

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Otto

text: Renaud

text: of

text: Boulogne

text: and

text: Count

text: Ferdinand

text: of

text: Flanders

text: he

text: was

text: enjoying

text: papal

text: favour

text: and

text: he

text: had

text: successfully

text: built

text: up

text: substantial

text: funds

text: to

text: pay

text: for

text: the

text: deployment

text: of

text: his

text: experienced

text: army

text: Nonetheless

text: when

text: John

text: left

text: for

text: Poitou

text: in

text: February

text: many

text: barons

text: refused

text: to

text: provide

text: military

text: service

text: mercenary

text: knights

text: had

text: to

text: fill

text: the

text: gaps

text: John

text: 's

text: plan

text: was

text: to

text: split

text: Philip

text: 's

text: forces

text: by

text: pushing

text: north

text: east

text: from

text: Poitou

text: towards

text: Paris

text: whilst

text: Otto

text: Renaud

text: and

text: Ferdinand

text: supported

text: by

text: William

text: Longespée

text: marched

text: south

text: west

text: from

text: Flanders

question: When did John begin his final campaign to reclaim Normandy?

answer: 1214

question: Who did John build alliances with?

answer: Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders

text: Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders

question: When did John leave for Poitou?

answer: February 1214

text: February 1214


text: A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: A

text: browser

text: extension

text: is

text: a

text: computer

text: program

text: that

text: extends

text: the

text: functionality

text: of

text: a

text: web

text: browser

text: Every

text: major

text: web

text: browser

text: supports

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: browser

text: extensions

question: A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?

answer: browser extension

text: browser extension

question: What extends development of computer functionality?

text: A browser extension

question: Why does a computer create a browser extension?

question: What does making a computer program support?

text: the development of browser extensions

question: What does every computer program support?

text: the development of browser extensions

question: What happens when a computer program is created?


text: Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown is the principal multipurpose arena in the city which hosts concerts, NHL exhibition games, and many of the city's pro sports teams. In 2008, the Oklahoma City Thunder became the major tenant. Located nearby in Bricktown, the Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark is the home to the city's baseball team, the Dodgers. "The Brick", as it is locally known, is considered one of the finest minor league parks in the nation.[citation needed]

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: Chesapeake

text: Energy

text: Arena

text: in

text: downtown

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: multipurpose

text: arena

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: which

text: hosts

text: concerts

text: NHL

text: exhibition

text: games

text: and

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: pro

text: sports

text: teams

text: In

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Thunder

text: became

text: the

text: major

text: tenant

text: Located

text: nearby

text: in

text: Bricktown

text: the

text: Chickasaw

text: Bricktown

text: Ballpark

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: baseball

text: team

text: the

text: Dodgers

text: The

text: Brick

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: locally

text: known

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: minor

text: league

text: parks

text: in

text: the

text: nation.[citation

text: needed

question: What is the name of the downtown arena?

answer: Chesapeake Energy Arena

text: Chesapeake Energy Arena

question: Which team became the main tenant of the arena in 2008?

answer: Oklahoma City Thunder

text: Oklahoma City Thunder

question: What is the name of the nearby minor league park?

answer: Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark

text: Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark


text: The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launched on April 4, 2011. SNTV broadcasts 24 hours a day, and can be viewed both within Somalia and abroad via terrestrial and satellite platforms.

title: Communications_in_Somalia

title: Communications_in_Somalia

text: The

text: Mogadishu

text: based

text: Somali

text: National

text: Television

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: national

text: public

text: service

text: broadcaster

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Information

text: of

text: the

text: Transitional

text: Federal

text: Government

text: began

text: experimental

text: broadcasts

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: TV

text: channel

text: After

text: a

text: hiatus

text: the

text: station

text: was

text: shortly

text: thereafter

text: officially

text: re

text: launched

text: on

text: April

text: SNTV

text: broadcasts

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: both

text: within

text: Somalia

text: and

text: abroad

text: via

text: terrestrial

text: and

text: satellite

text: platforms

question: What TV station is the main public service broadcaster in Somalia?

answer: Somali National Television

text: Somali National Television

question: Where is Somali National Television located?

answer: Mogadishu

text: Mogadishu

question: What year did experimental broadcasts of Somali National Television begin?

answer: 2011

question: When was Somali Nation Television officially re-launched?

answer: April 4, 2011

text: April 4, 2011

question: Howmany hours a day does SNTV broadcast?

answer: 24

question: What is Somalia's main international broadcaster?

text: Somali National Television

question: When was the Somali National Television station first launched?

text: After a 20-year hiatus

question: How many national public service broadcasters does Somalia have?

text: Somali National Television

question: How many days a week does SNTV broadcast?

text: 24 hours a day

question: How long has SNTV been broadcasting?


text: Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. Many species of mushrooms and lichens are also found in the state.

title: Montana

title: Montana

text: Vegetation

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: includes

text: lodgepole

text: pine

text: ponderosa

text: pine

text: Douglas

text: fir

text: larch

text: spruce

text: aspen

text: birch

text: red

text: cedar

text: hemlock

text: ash

text: alder

text: rocky

text: mountain

text: maple

text: and

text: cottonwood

text: trees

text: Forests

text: cover

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Flowers

text: native

text: to

text: Montana

text: include

text: asters

text: bitterroots

text: daisies

text: lupins

text: poppies

text: primroses

text: columbine

text: lilies

text: orchids

text: and

text: dryads

text: Several

text: species

text: of

text: sagebrush

text: and

text: cactus

text: and

text: many

text: species

text: of

text: grasses

text: are

text: common

text: Many

text: species

text: of

text: mushrooms

text: and

text: lichens

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: state

question: About how much area do forests cover the state?

answer: approximately 25 percent

text: approximately 25 percent


text: The Cenozoic Era covers the 66 million years since the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event up to and including the present day. By the end of the Mesozoic era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form. Laurasia became North America and Eurasia, while Gondwana split into South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent, which collided with the Asian plate. This impact gave rise to the Himalayas. The Tethys Sea, which had separated the northern continents from Africa and India, began to close up, forming the Mediterranean sea.

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

title: Geological_history_of_Earth

text: The

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: covers

text: the

text: million

text: years

text: since

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Paleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: including

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: By

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text: era

text: the

text: continents

text: had

text: rifted

text: into

text: nearly

text: their

text: present

text: form

text: Laurasia

text: became

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Eurasia

text: while

text: Gondwana

text: split

text: into

text: South

text: America

text: Africa

text: Australia

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: which

text: collided

text: with

text: the

text: Asian

text: plate

text: This

text: impact

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: The

text: Tethys

text: Sea

text: which

text: had

text: separated

text: the

text: northern

text: continents

text: from

text: Africa

text: and

text: India

text: began

text: to

text: close

text: up

text: forming

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: sea

question: How many years long was the Cenozoic Era?

answer: 66 million years

text: 66 million years

question: Which extinction marked the beginning of the Cenozoic Era?

answer: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

question: What geologic period are we in currently?

answer: Cenozoic Era

text: Cenozoic Era

question: At the end of which era had the continents taken roughly their current shape?

answer: Mesozoic

text: Mesozoic

question: The collision of the Indian sub continent and the Asian plate created which mountain range?

answer: the Himalayas

text: the Himalayas

question: What Era precedes the Cretaceous-paleogene extinction event?

text: Cenozoic Era

question: What extinction event ended the Cenozoic Era?

text: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction

question: What were still grouped together by the end of the Mesozoic?

text: continents

question: What sea opened near Africa?

text: The Tethys Sea


text: The pitch of complex tones can be ambiguous, meaning that two or more different pitches can be perceived, depending upon the observer. When the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, also known as upper partials, harmonic or otherwise. A complex tone composed of two sine waves of 1000 and 1200 Hz may sometimes be heard as up to three pitches: two spectral pitches at 1000 and 1200 Hz, derived from the physical frequencies of the pure tones, and the combination tone at 200 Hz, corresponding to the repetition rate of the waveform. In a situation like this, the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often the greatest common divisor of the frequencies present.

title: Pitch_(music)

title: Pitch_(music

text: The

text: pitch

text: of

text: complex

text: tones

text: can

text: be

text: ambiguous

text: meaning

text: that

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: different

text: pitches

text: can

text: be

text: perceived

text: depending

text: upon

text: the

text: observer

text: When

text: the

text: actual

text: fundamental

text: frequency

text: can

text: be

text: precisely

text: determined

text: through

text: physical

text: measurement

text: it

text: may

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: perceived

text: pitch

text: because

text: of

text: overtones

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: upper

text: partials

text: harmonic

text: or

text: otherwise

text: A

text: complex

text: tone

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: sine

text: waves

text: of

text: and

text: Hz

text: may

text: sometimes

text: be

text: heard

text: as

text: up

text: to

text: three

text: pitches

text: two

text: spectral

text: pitches

text: at

text: and

text: Hz

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: physical

text: frequencies

text: of

text: the

text: pure

text: tones

text: and

text: the

text: combination

text: tone

text: at

text: Hz

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: repetition

text: rate

text: of

text: the

text: waveform

text: In

text: a

text: situation

text: like

text: this

text: the

text: percept

text: at

text: Hz

text: is

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: missing

text: fundamental

text: which

text: is

text: often

text: the

text: greatest

text: common

text: divisor

text: of

text: the

text: frequencies

text: present

question: The pitch of complex tones can be?

answer: ambiguous

text: ambiguous

question: A complex tone is composed of how many waves?

answer: two

text: two

question: The percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as?

answer: the missing fundamental

text: the missing fundamental

question: the percept at 200 Hz is commonly referred to as the missing fundamental, which is often?

answer: divisor of the frequencies present

text: divisor of the frequencies present


text: The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: of

text: Delhi

text: is

text: the

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: Territory

text: of

text: Delhi

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: India

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: is

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: as

text: the

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: Territory

text: of

text: Delhi

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: is

text: vested

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: powers

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: constitution

text: if

text: a

text: law

text: passed

text: by

text: Delhi

text: 's

text: legislative

text: assembly

text: is

text: repugnant

text: to

text: any

text: law

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: India

text: then

text: the

text: law

text: enacted

text: by

text: the

text: parliament

text: will

text: prevail

text: over

text: the

text: law

text: enacted

text: by

text: the

text: assembly

question: What is the official title of Delhi's head of state?

answer: Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi

text: Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi

question: Who is responsible for appointing the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi?

answer: President of India

text: President of India

question: Which takes precedent when a law passed by Parliament conflicts with a law passed by Delhi's Legislative assembly?

answer: the law enacted by the parliament

text: the law enacted by the parliament

question: What government body advises the president on appointing a Lieutenant Governor?

answer: the Central government

text: the Central government

question: Which government position is given most of the executive powers over Delhi?

answer: Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi

text: Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi


text: A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies. However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: medications

text: are

text: being

text: studied

text: for

text: multi

text: drug

text: resistant

text: tuberculosis

text: including

text: bedaquiline

text: and

text: delamanid

text: Bedaquiline

text: received

text: U.S.

text: Food

text: and

text: Drug

text: Administration

text: FDA

text: approval

text: in

text: late

text: The

text: safety

text: and

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: these

text: new

text: agents

text: are

text: still

text: uncertain

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: studies

text: However

text: existing

text: data

text: suggest

text: that

text: patients

text: taking

text: bedaquiline

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: standard

text: TB

text: therapy

text: are

text: five

text: times

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: die

text: than

text: those

text: without

text: the

text: new

text: drug

text: which

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: medical

text: journal

text: articles

text: raising

text: health

text: policy

text: questions

text: about

text: why

text: the

text: FDA

text: approved

text: the

text: drug

text: and

text: whether

text: financial

text: ties

text: to

text: the

text: company

text: making

text: bedaquiline

text: influenced

text: physicians

text: support

text: for

text: its

text: use

question: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?

answer: Bedaquiline

text: Bedaquiline

question: What year did the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve bedaquiline?

answer: 2012

question: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?

answer: five times

text: five times

question: Opposition to the use of bedaquiline think what providers were influenced by a connection with the drug company?

answer: physicians

text: physicians

question: What type of publication has put out articles questioning bedaquiline's safety?

answer: medical journal

text: medical journal

question: What are the names of the multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis?

text: bedaquiline and delamanid

question: When did delamind receive FDA approval?

text: late 2012

question: What happens to the death rate for people taking delamind?

text: five times more likely to die

question: What is delamind taken alongside of?

text: standard TB therapy

question: Who approved the drug delamanid?

text: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)


text: Current publications in the city include the Ann Arbor Journal (A2 Journal), a weekly community newspaper; the Ann Arbor Observer, a free monthly local magazine; the Ann Arbor Independent, a locally owned, independent weekly; and Current, a free entertainment-focused alt-weekly. The Ann Arbor Business Review covers local business in the area. Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine are also based in Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan is served by many student publications, including the independent Michigan Daily student newspaper, which reports on local, state, and regional issues in addition to campus news.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Current

text: publications

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: include

text: the

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Journal

text: Journal

text: a

text: weekly

text: community

text: newspaper

text: the

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Observer

text: a

text: free

text: monthly

text: local

text: magazine

text: the

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Independent

text: a

text: locally

text: owned

text: independent

text: weekly

text: and

text: Current

text: a

text: free

text: entertainment

text: focused

text: alt

text: weekly

text: The

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Business

text: Review

text: covers

text: local

text: business

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: Car

text: and

text: Driver

text: magazine

text: and

text: Automobile

text: Magazine

text: are

text: also

text: based

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: many

text: student

text: publications

text: including

text: the

text: independent

text: Michigan

text: Daily

text: student

text: newspaper

text: which

text: reports

text: on

text: local

text: state

text: and

text: regional

text: issues

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: campus

text: news

question: What magazine covers Ann Arbor's local businesses?

answer: Ann Arbor Business Review

text: Ann Arbor Business Review

question: Which automobile magazines are based from Ann Arbor?

answer: Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine

text: Car and Driver magazine and Automobile Magazine

question: Which university magazine reports local, state & regional issues in addition to campus news?

answer: Michigan Daily student newspaper

text: Michigan Daily student newspaper

question: What automobile magazines are run by the University of Michigan?

question: What political student newspaper is run by the University of Michigan?

text: Michigan Daily

question: Which university magazine is a free entertainment magazine?

text: Current

question: Which university magazine is a free monthly local magazine?

text: Ann Arbor Observer


text: The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton.

title: Comprehensive_school

title: Comprehensive_school

text: The

text: first

text: comprehensives

text: were

text: set

text: up

text: after

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: In

text: for

text: example

text: Walworth

text: School

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: experimental

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: London

text: County

text: Council

text: Another

text: early

text: comprehensive

text: school

text: was

text: Holyhead

text: County

text: School

text: in

text: Anglesey

text: in

text: Other

text: early

text: examples

text: of

text: comprehensive

text: schools

text: included

text: Woodlands

text: Boys

text: School

text: in

text: Coventry

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: Tividale

text: Comprehensive

text: School

text: in

text: Tipton

question: In what year was the Walworth School established?

answer: 1946

question: Who established the Walworth School?

answer: London County Council

text: London County Council

question: What comprehensive school was established in Anglesey?

answer: Holyhead County School

text: Holyhead County School

question: When was Holyhead County School established?

answer: 1949

question: Which comprehensive school openend in coventry?

answer: Woodlands Boys School

text: Woodlands Boys School

question: In what year was the Walworth School closed?

question: Who closed the Walworth School?

text: London County Council

question: What uncomprehensive school was established in Anglesey?

text: Holyhead County School

question: When was Holyhead County School closed?

question: Which uncomprehensive school openend in coventry?

text: Woodlands Boys School


text: The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). There is a bronze line, la Meridiana on the floor, running precisely N/S. The ends of the line mark the positions as at the summer and winter solstices; signs of the zodiac show the various other dates throughout the year.

title: Palermo

title: Palermo

text: The

text: cathedral

text: has

text: a

text: heliometer

text: solar

text: observatory

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: a

text: number

text: built

text: in

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: The

text: device

text: itself

text: is

text: quite

text: simple

text: a

text: tiny

text: hole

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: minor

text: domes

text: acts

text: as

text: pinhole

text: camera

text: projecting

text: an

text: image

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: onto

text: the

text: floor

text: at

text: solar

text: noon

text: in

text: winter

text: in

text: summer

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: bronze

text: line

text: la

text: Meridiana

text: on

text: the

text: floor

text: running

text: precisely

text: N

text: S.

text: The

text: ends

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: mark

text: the

text: positions

text: as

text: at

text: the

text: summer

text: and

text: winter

text: solstices

text: signs

text: of

text: the

text: zodiac

text: show

text: the

text: various

text: other

text: dates

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

question: What is a heliometer?

answer: solar "observatory"

text: solar "observatory"

question: What name is given to the bronze line on the floor of a heliometer?

answer: la Meridiana

text: la Meridiana

question: Which direction does la Meridiana run?

answer: precisely N/S

text: precisely N/S

question: What image is projected on the floor of the heliometer?

answer: the sun

text: the sun

question: What has lunar observatory built in 1690?

text: The cathedral

question: was built in the 16th century?

text: a heliometer

question: What is the name of the gold line on the floor of a helimeter?

text: la Meridiana

question: What image is projected onto the dome of the heliometer?

text: the sun

question: What signs are a tribute to pagean customs?

text: signs of the zodiac


text: Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the Dorian invasion. In the 5th century BC, they were redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek which was spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos. There are many controversial theories on the origin of the Achaeans. According to one view, the Achaeans were one of the fair-headed tribes of upper Europe, who pressed down over the Alps during the early Iron age (1300 BC) to southern Europe. Another theory suggests that the Peloponnesian Dorians were the Achaeans. These theories are rejected by other scholars who, based on linguistic criteria, suggest that the Achaeans were mainland pre-Dorian Greeks. There is also the theory that there was an Achaean ethnos that migrated from Asia minor to lower Thessaly prior to 2000 BC. Some Hittite texts mention a nation lying to the west called Ahhiyava or Ahhiya. Egyptian documents refer to Ekwesh, one of the groups of sea peoples who attached Egypt during the reign of Merneptah (1213-1203 BCE), who may have been Achaeans.

title: Greeks

title: Greeks

text: Homer

text: uses

text: the

text: terms

text: Achaeans

text: and

text: Danaans

text: Δαναοί

text: as

text: a

text: generic

text: term

text: for

text: Greeks

text: in

text: Iliad

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: probably

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Mycenean

text: civilization

text: The

text: names

text: Achaioi

text: and

text: Danaoi

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: pre

text: Dorian

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: were

text: overthrown

text: They

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: that

text: later

text: bore

text: the

text: name

text: Achaea

text: after

text: the

text: Dorian

text: invasion

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: they

text: were

text: redefined

text: as

text: contemporary

text: speakers

text: of

text: Aeolic

text: Greek

text: which

text: was

text: spoken

text: mainly

text: in

text: Thessaly

text: Boeotia

text: and

text: Lesbos

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: controversial

text: theories

text: on

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: Achaeans

text: According

text: to

text: one

text: view

text: the

text: Achaeans

text: were

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fair

text: headed

text: tribes

text: of

text: upper

text: Europe

text: who

text: pressed

text: down

text: over

text: the

text: Alps

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Iron

text: age

text: BC

text: to

text: southern

text: Europe

text: Another

text: theory

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: Peloponnesian

text: Dorians

text: were

text: the

text: Achaeans

text: These

text: theories

text: are

text: rejected

text: by

text: other

text: scholars

text: who

text: based

text: on

text: linguistic

text: criteria

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: Achaeans

text: were

text: mainland

text: pre

text: Dorian

text: Greeks

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: theory

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: Achaean

text: ethnos

text: that

text: migrated

text: from

text: Asia

text: minor

text: to

text: lower

text: Thessaly

text: prior

text: to

text: BC

text: Some

text: Hittite

text: texts

text: mention

text: a

text: nation

text: lying

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: called

text: Ahhiyava

text: or

text: Ahhiya

text: Egyptian

text: documents

text: refer

text: to

text: Ekwesh

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: groups

text: of

text: sea

text: peoples

text: who

text: attached

text: Egypt

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Merneptah

text: BCE

text: who

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: Achaeans

question: What interchangeable terms did Homer use in his poems for Greeks ?

answer: Achaeans and Danaans

text: Achaeans and Danaans

question: What is believed to be the derivative of these names ?

answer: pre-Dorian

text: pre-Dorian

question: What was redefined in the 5th century about the people of these names?

answer: redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek

text: redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek

question: Where was this origin of this redefinition ?

answer: spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos

text: spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos

question: What was the age in 1300 BC named ?

answer: early Iron age

text: early Iron age

question: What interchangeable terms did Homer use in his songs for Greeks?

text: Achaeans and Danaans

question: What is believed to not be the derivative of these names?

text: pre-Dorian

question: What was redefined in the 4th century about the people of these names?

question: What was the age in 1400 BC named?

text: Iron age


text: In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas, however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. This built-up area is part of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, which is also known as Solent City, particularly in the media when discussing local governance organisational changes. With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: Southampton

text: and

text: Portsmouth

text: were

text: recorded

text: as

text: being

text: parts

text: of

text: separate

text: urban

text: areas

text: however

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: they

text: had

text: merged

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: in

text: England

text: with

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: This

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: South

text: Hampshire

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Solent

text: City

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: when

text: discussing

text: local

text: governance

text: organisational

text: changes

text: With

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: this

text: makes

text: the

text: region

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: areas

question: What other city merged with Southampton after the 2001 census?

answer: Portsmouth

text: Portsmouth

question: What's the other name for South Hampshire?

answer: Solent City

text: Solent City

question: In the 2011 census, what was the population of Southampton after it merged with Portsmouth?

answer: 855,569

question: What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of?

answer: South Hampshire

text: South Hampshire

question: What is the estimated minimum population of South Hampshire?

answer: 1.5 million

text: 1.5 million