text: A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach. The resurgent republican movement aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty, namely "liberty as non-domination." Unlike liberals who understand liberty as "non-interference," "non-domination" entails individuals not being subject to the arbitrary will of anyother person. To a liberal, a slave who is not interfered with may be free, yet to a republican the mere status as a slave, regardless of how that slave is treated, is objectionable. Prominent republicans include historian Quentin Skinner, jurist Cass Sunstein, and political philosopher Philip Pettit. The capability approach, pioneered by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and further developed by legal scholar Martha Nussbaum, understands freedom under allied lines: the real-world ability to act. Both the capability approach and republicanism treat choice as something which must be resourced. In other words, it is not enough to be legally able to do something, but to have the real option of doing it.

title: Political_philosophy

title: Political_philosophy

text: A

text: pair

text: of

text: overlapping

text: political

text: perspectives

text: arising

text: toward

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: are

text: republicanism

text: or

text: neo-

text: or

text: civic

text: republicanism

text: and

text: the

text: capability

text: approach

text: The

text: resurgent

text: republican

text: movement

text: aims

text: to

text: provide

text: an

text: alternate

text: definition

text: of

text: liberty

text: from

text: Isaiah

text: Berlin

text: 's

text: positive

text: and

text: negative

text: forms

text: of

text: liberty

text: namely

text: liberty

text: as

text: non

text: domination

text: Unlike

text: liberals

text: who

text: understand

text: liberty

text: as

text: non

text: interference

text: non

text: domination

text: entails

text: individuals

text: not

text: being

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: arbitrary

text: will

text: of

text: anyother

text: person

text: To

text: a

text: liberal

text: a

text: slave

text: who

text: is

text: not

text: interfered

text: with

text: may

text: be

text: free

text: yet

text: to

text: a

text: republican

text: the

text: mere

text: status

text: as

text: a

text: slave

text: regardless

text: of

text: how

text: that

text: slave

text: is

text: treated

text: is

text: objectionable

text: Prominent

text: republicans

text: include

text: historian

text: Quentin

text: Skinner

text: jurist

text: Cass

text: Sunstein

text: and

text: political

text: philosopher

text: Philip

text: Pettit

text: The

text: capability

text: approach

text: pioneered

text: by

text: economists

text: Mahbub

text: ul

text: Haq

text: and

text: Amartya

text: Sen

text: and

text: further

text: developed

text: by

text: legal

text: scholar

text: Martha

text: Nussbaum

text: understands

text: freedom

text: under

text: allied

text: lines

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: ability

text: to

text: act

text: Both

text: the

text: capability

text: approach

text: and

text: republicanism

text: treat

text: choice

text: as

text: something

text: which

text: must

text: be

text: resourced

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: legally

text: able

text: to

text: do

text: something

text: but

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: real

text: option

text: of

text: doing

text: it

question: When did republicanism and the capability approach arise?

answer: the end of the 20th century

text: the end of the 20th century

question: What aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty?

answer: The resurgent republican movement

text: The resurgent republican movement

question: Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen pioneered what approach?

answer: The capability approach

text: The capability approach

question: When did the perspectives jurist and non-interference appear?

text: toward the end of the 20th century

question: To a liberal, what is the state of a political perspective that is not interfered with?

text: may be free

question: What is the approach of republicanism as developed by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen?

question: How do both political perspectives treat arbitrary will?

text: something which must be resourced

question: What does the economist movement look to define in a different way?

text: liberty


text: The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the "workshop of the world". The British Empire expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. Domestically, political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise. During this century, the population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, causing significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: independence

text: of

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Colonies

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: American

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: caused

text: Britain

text: to

text: lose

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: colonies

text: British

text: attention

text: soon

text: turned

text: towards

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: After

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: and

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: Britain

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: naval

text: and

text: imperial

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: London

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: from

text: about

text: Unchallenged

text: at

text: sea

text: British

text: dominance

text: was

text: later

text: described

text: as

text: Pax

text: Britannica

text: British

text: Peace

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: relative

text: peace

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: became

text: the

text: global

text: hegemon

text: and

text: adopted

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: global

text: policeman

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: began

text: to

text: transform

text: Britain

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Exhibition

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: workshop

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: British

text: Empire

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: India

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: territories

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: Alongside

text: the

text: formal

text: control

text: it

text: exerted

text: over

text: its

text: own

text: colonies

text: British

text: dominance

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: world

text: trade

text: meant

text: that

text: it

text: effectively

text: controlled

text: the

text: economies

text: of

text: many

text: regions

text: such

text: as

text: Asia

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: Domestically

text: political

text: attitudes

text: favoured

text: free

text: trade

text: and

text: laissez

text: faire

text: policies

text: and

text: a

text: gradual

text: widening

text: of

text: the

text: voting

text: franchise

text: During

text: this

text: century

text: the

text: population

text: increased

text: at

text: a

text: dramatic

text: rate

text: accompanied

text: by

text: rapid

text: urbanisation

text: causing

text: significant

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: stresses

text: To

text: seek

text: new

text: markets

text: and

text: sources

text: of

text: raw

text: materials

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: under

text: Disraeli

text: launched

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: imperialist

text: expansion

text: in

text: Egypt

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: became

text: self

text: governing

text: dominions

question: When did the Thirteen Colonies become independent from Britain?

answer: 1783

question: Which war caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies?

answer: American War of Independence

text: American War of Independence

question: In which wars was France defeated?

answer: the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

text: the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

question: What did Pax Britannica mean?

answer: British Peace

text: British Peace

question: When was Britain called the "workshop of the world"?

answer: 1851


text: The economic structure of the Empire was defined by its geopolitical structure. The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient. The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used. When Vasco da Gama bypassed Ottoman controlled routes and established direct trade links with India in 1498, and Christopher Columbus first journeyed to the Bahamas in 1492, the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith.

title: Ottoman_Empire

title: Ottoman_Empire

text: The

text: economic

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: geopolitical

text: structure

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: stood

text: between

text: the

text: West

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: thus

text: blocking

text: the

text: land

text: route

text: eastward

text: and

text: forcing

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: navigators

text: to

text: set

text: sail

text: in

text: search

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: Orient

text: The

text: Empire

text: controlled

text: the

text: spice

text: route

text: that

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: once

text: used

text: When

text: Vasco

text: da

text: Gama

text: bypassed

text: Ottoman

text: controlled

text: routes

text: and

text: established

text: direct

text: trade

text: links

text: with

text: India

text: in

text: and

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: first

text: journeyed

text: to

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: in

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: at

text: its

text: zenith

question: What serviced as the foundation for the structure of the economy of the Ottoman empire?

answer: its geopolitical structure

text: its geopolitical structure

question: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?

answer: Spanish and Portuguese

text: Spanish and Portuguese

question: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?

answer: Marco Polo

text: Marco Polo

question: When were direct trade links established with India?

answer: 1498

question: When did Christopher Columbus sail to the Bahamas?

answer: 1492


text: Japan used the name Greater East Asia War (大東亜戦争, Dai Tō-A Sensō?), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident (日支事変, Nisshi Jihen?) into the Greater East Asia War.

title: Pacific_War

title: Pacific_War

text: Japan

text: used

text: the

text: name

text: Greater

text: East

text: Asia

text: War

text: 大東亜戦争

text: Dai

text: Tō

text: A

text: Sensō

text: as

text: chosen

text: by

text: a

text: cabinet

text: decision

text: on

text: December

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: Western

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: ongoing

text: war

text: in

text: China

text: This

text: name

text: was

text: released

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: on

text: December

text: with

text: an

text: explanation

text: that

text: it

text: involved

text: Asian

text: nations

text: achieving

text: their

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: Western

text: powers

text: through

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: East

text: Asia

text: Co

text: Prosperity

text: Sphere

text: Japanese

text: officials

text: integrated

text: what

text: they

text: called

text: the

text: Japan

text: China

text: Incident

text: 日支事変

text: Nisshi

text: Jihen

text: into

text: the

text: Greater

text: East

text: Asia

text: War

question: By what name was the war with Japan referred?

answer: Greater East Asia War

text: Greater East Asia War

question: What did Japanese officials call the war?

answer: Japan–China Incident

text: Japan–China Incident

question: What was the reason Japan gave for the war?

answer: achieving their independence from the Western powers

text: achieving their independence from the Western powers

question: What date was the new name of the war released?

answer: 12 December

text: 12 December

question: What name did Japan call the war?

answer: Greater East Asia War

text: Greater East Asia War

question: When did Japan adobt the name for the war?

answer: 10 December 1941

text: 10 December 1941

question: What was Japan's publicised war goal?

answer: independence from the Western powers

text: independence from the Western powers

question: What did Japan call the occupied group of Asian nations?

answer: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

text: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

question: How was the name of the war chosen by Japan?

answer: by a cabinet decision

text: by a cabinet decision


text: Because of their ability to quickly grow and the relative ease with which they can be manipulated, bacteria are the workhorses for the fields of molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry. By making mutations in bacterial DNA and examining the resulting phenotypes, scientists can determine the function of genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways in bacteria, then apply this knowledge to more complex organisms. This aim of understanding the biochemistry of a cell reaches its most complex expression in the synthesis of huge amounts of enzyme kinetic and gene expression data into mathematical models of entire organisms. This is achievable in some well-studied bacteria, with models of Escherichia coli metabolism now being produced and tested. This understanding of bacterial metabolism and genetics allows the use of biotechnology to bioengineer bacteria for the production of therapeutic proteins, such as insulin, growth factors, or antibodies.

title: Bacteria

title: Bacteria

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: quickly

text: grow

text: and

text: the

text: relative

text: ease

text: with

text: which

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: manipulated

text: bacteria

text: are

text: the

text: workhorses

text: for

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: molecular

text: biology

text: genetics

text: and

text: biochemistry

text: By

text: making

text: mutations

text: in

text: bacterial

text: DNA

text: and

text: examining

text: the

text: resulting

text: phenotypes

text: scientists

text: can

text: determine

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: genes

text: enzymes

text: and

text: metabolic

text: pathways

text: in

text: bacteria

text: then

text: apply

text: this

text: knowledge

text: to

text: more

text: complex

text: organisms

text: This

text: aim

text: of

text: understanding

text: the

text: biochemistry

text: of

text: a

text: cell

text: reaches

text: its

text: most

text: complex

text: expression

text: in

text: the

text: synthesis

text: of

text: huge

text: amounts

text: of

text: enzyme

text: kinetic

text: and

text: gene

text: expression

text: data

text: into

text: mathematical

text: models

text: of

text: entire

text: organisms

text: This

text: is

text: achievable

text: in

text: some

text: well

text: studied

text: bacteria

text: with

text: models

text: of

text: Escherichia

text: coli

text: metabolism

text: now

text: being

text: produced

text: and

text: tested

text: This

text: understanding

text: of

text: bacterial

text: metabolism

text: and

text: genetics

text: allows

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: biotechnology

text: to

text: bioengineer

text: bacteria

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: therapeutic

text: proteins

text: such

text: as

text: insulin

text: growth

text: factors

text: or

text: antibodies

question: What sciences use bacteria?

answer: molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry

text: molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry


text: Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for Galileo's publicly regulated service. However, under International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency will have priority to that frequency, and any subsequent users will be required to obtain permission prior to using that frequency, and otherwise ensure that their broadcasts do not interfere with the original nation's broadcasts. It now appears that Chinese COMPASS satellites will start transmitting in the E1, E2, E5B, and E6 bands before Europe's Galileo satellites and thus have primary rights to these frequency ranges.

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System

text: Frequencies

text: for

text: COMPASS

text: are

text: allocated

text: in

text: four

text: bands

text: and

text: and

text: overlap

text: with

text: Galileo

text: The

text: fact

text: of

text: overlapping

text: could

text: be

text: convenient

text: from

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: receiver

text: design

text: but

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: raises

text: the

text: issues

text: of

text: inter

text: system

text: interference

text: especially

text: within

text: and

text: bands

text: which

text: are

text: allocated

text: for

text: Galileo

text: 's

text: publicly

text: regulated

text: service

text: However

text: under

text: International

text: Telecommunication

text: Union

text: ITU

text: policies

text: the

text: first

text: nation

text: to

text: start

text: broadcasting

text: in

text: a

text: specific

text: frequency

text: will

text: have

text: priority

text: to

text: that

text: frequency

text: and

text: any

text: subsequent

text: users

text: will

text: be

text: required

text: to

text: obtain

text: permission

text: prior

text: to

text: using

text: that

text: frequency

text: and

text: otherwise

text: ensure

text: that

text: their

text: broadcasts

text: do

text: not

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: nation

text: 's

text: broadcasts

text: It

text: now

text: appears

text: that

text: Chinese

text: COMPASS

text: satellites

text: will

text: start

text: transmitting

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: bands

text: before

text: Europe

text: 's

text: Galileo

text: satellites

text: and

text: thus

text: have

text: primary

text: rights

text: to

text: these

text: frequency

text: ranges

question: How many frequencies does the COMPASS system use?

answer: four bands

text: four bands

question: What are the four bands of frequencies used by the COMPASS system called?

answer: E1, E2, E5B, and E6

text: E1, E2, E5B, and E6

question: Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system?

answer: E1 and E2

text: E1 and E2

question: Which bands are used by the Galileo system for their public service?

answer: E1 and E2

text: E1 and E2

question: According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, who is given higher priority to a specific frequency band?

answer: the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency

text: the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency

question: Frequencies for COMPASS overlap with Genesis and are allocated in how many bands?

text: four

question: Which countries satellites will transmit in E3 before Galileo satellites?

text: Chinese

question: Which countries satellites will transmit in E3 before COMPASS satellites?

text: Chinese

question: Frequencies for NASA are allocated in how many bands?

text: four

question: Aside from B3, E1 and E34, what is the other band of frequency used by COMPASS?


text: The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6. The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the "Son of Heaven" on October 30. The Manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor. However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. The last Ming pretender, Prince Gui, sought refuge with the King of Burma, but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui, who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662.

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: The

text: newly

text: allied

text: armies

text: captured

text: Beijing

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: Shunzhi

text: Emperor

text: was

text: invested

text: as

text: the

text: Son

text: of

text: Heaven

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: Manchus

text: who

text: had

text: positioned

text: themselves

text: as

text: political

text: heir

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: emperor

text: by

text: defeating

text: the

text: rebel

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: completed

text: the

text: symbolic

text: transition

text: by

text: holding

text: a

text: formal

text: funeral

text: for

text: the

text: Chongzhen

text: Emperor

text: However

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: conquering

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: China

text: took

text: another

text: seventeen

text: years

text: of

text: battling

text: Ming

text: loyalists

text: pretenders

text: and

text: rebels

text: The

text: last

text: Ming

text: pretender

text: Prince

text: Gui

text: sought

text: refuge

text: with

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Burma

text: but

text: was

text: turned

text: over

text: to

text: a

text: Qing

text: expeditionary

text: army

text: commanded

text: by

text: Wu

text: Sangui

text: who

text: had

text: him

text: brought

text: back

text: to

text: Yunnan

text: province

text: and

text: executed

text: in

text: early

question: When did Beijing fall?

answer: June 6

text: June 6

question: What was the Shunzi Emperor called?

answer: "Son of Heaven"

text: "Son of Heaven"

question: When did the Shunzhi emperor become the Son of Heaven?

answer: October 30

text: October 30

question: How long did it take for the Manchus to take the rest of China?

answer: seventeen years

text: seventeen years

question: Who did the Manchus struggle against?

answer: Ming loyalists

text: Ming loyalists


text: These statistics point to the complexities surrounding the lack of health/nutrition literacy and reveal the degree to which they are embedded in the social structure and interconnected with other problems. Among these problems are the lack of information about food choices, a lack of understanding of nutritional information and its application to individual circumstances, limited or difficult access to healthful foods, and a range of cultural influences and socioeconomic constraints such as low levels of education and high levels of poverty that decrease opportunities for healthful eating and living.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: These

text: statistics

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: complexities

text: surrounding

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: health

text: nutrition

text: literacy

text: and

text: reveal

text: the

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: embedded

text: in

text: the

text: social

text: structure

text: and

text: interconnected

text: with

text: other

text: problems

text: Among

text: these

text: problems

text: are

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: information

text: about

text: food

text: choices

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: understanding

text: of

text: nutritional

text: information

text: and

text: its

text: application

text: to

text: individual

text: circumstances

text: limited

text: or

text: difficult

text: access

text: to

text: healthful

text: foods

text: and

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: cultural

text: influences

text: and

text: socioeconomic

text: constraints

text: such

text: as

text: low

text: levels

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: poverty

text: that

text: decrease

text: opportunities

text: for

text: healthful

text: eating

text: and

text: living

question: What did the studies show there was a lack of understanding of by the population?

answer: nutritional information

text: nutritional information

question: The studies indicated that there was a lack of information in the area about what kind of choice?

answer: food

text: food

question: What was found to be limited or at least difficult to get access to in the studied region?

answer: healthful foods

text: healthful foods

question: What kind of constraint was found to have a significant effect on the nutritional literacy?

answer: socioeconomic

text: socioeconomic

question: Aside from large people living in poverty, what else is considered a socioeconomic constraint that resulted in a decrease in opportunity for healthy food choices?

answer: low levels of education

text: low levels of education


text: Except for the five species of monotremes (egg-laying mammals), all modern mammals give birth to live young. Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group. The three largest orders in numbers, are first Rodentia: mice, rats, porcupines, beavers, capybaras, and other gnawing mammals; then Chiroptera: bats; and then Soricomorpha: shrews, moles and solenodons. The next three orders, depending on the biological classification scheme used, are the Primates including the humans; the Cetartiodactyla including the whales and the even-toed hoofed mammals; and the Carnivora, that is, cats, dogs, weasels, bears, seals, and their relatives.

title: Mammal

title: Mammal

text: Except

text: for

text: the

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: monotremes

text: egg

text: laying

text: mammals

text: all

text: modern

text: mammals

text: give

text: birth

text: to

text: live

text: young

text: Most

text: mammals

text: including

text: the

text: six

text: most

text: species

text: rich

text: orders

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: placental

text: group

text: The

text: three

text: largest

text: orders

text: in

text: numbers

text: are

text: first

text: Rodentia

text: mice

text: rats

text: porcupines

text: beavers

text: capybaras

text: and

text: other

text: gnawing

text: mammals

text: then

text: Chiroptera

text: bats

text: and

text: then

text: Soricomorpha

text: shrews

text: moles

text: and

text: solenodons

text: The

text: next

text: three

text: orders

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: scheme

text: used

text: are

text: the

text: Primates

text: including

text: the

text: humans

text: the

text: Cetartiodactyla

text: including

text: the

text: whales

text: and

text: the

text: even

text: toed

text: hoofed

text: mammals

text: and

text: the

text: Carnivora

text: that

text: is

text: cats

text: dogs

text: weasels

text: bears

text: seals

text: and

text: their

text: relatives

question: How many species of mammals do not have a live birth?

answer: five species

text: five species

question: Which group consist of the most mammals?

answer: Rodentia

text: Rodentia

question: Which group do humans belong too?

answer: Primates

text: Primates

question: Which group do cats and dogs belong too?

answer: Carnivora

text: Carnivora

question: What do all modern monotremes give birth to?

text: live young

question: What group do the six species of monotremes belong to?

text: the placental group

question: Which monotreme consists of the most mammals?

text: Rodentia

question: What is the monotreme that is second after Rodentia?

text: Chiroptera

question: What are some examples of monotremes that are part of the group Rodentia?


text: Most insects, except some species of cave crickets, are able to perceive light and dark. Many species have acute vision capable of detecting minute movements. The eyes may include simple eyes or ocelli as well as compound eyes of varying sizes. Many species are able to detect light in the infrared, ultraviolet and the visible light wavelengths. Color vision has been demonstrated in many species and phylogenetic analysis suggests that UV-green-blue trichromacy existed from at least the Devonian period between 416 and 359 million years ago.

title: Insect

title: Insect

text: Most

text: insects

text: except

text: some

text: species

text: of

text: cave

text: crickets

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: perceive

text: light

text: and

text: dark

text: Many

text: species

text: have

text: acute

text: vision

text: capable

text: of

text: detecting

text: minute

text: movements

text: The

text: eyes

text: may

text: include

text: simple

text: eyes

text: or

text: ocelli

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: compound

text: eyes

text: of

text: varying

text: sizes

text: Many

text: species

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: detect

text: light

text: in

text: the

text: infrared

text: ultraviolet

text: and

text: the

text: visible

text: light

text: wavelengths

text: Color

text: vision

text: has

text: been

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: many

text: species

text: and

text: phylogenetic

text: analysis

text: suggests

text: that

text: UV

text: green

text: blue

text: trichromacy

text: existed

text: from

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: Devonian

text: period

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: years

text: ago

question: Most insects are able to perceive darkness and what else?

answer: light

text: light

question: What insect is not abel to perceive light and dark?

answer: cave crickets

text: cave crickets

question: Most insects have what kind of vision?

answer: acute

text: acute

question: Insects notice what type of movement?

answer: minute

text: minute

question: Many insects are able to see visible light, ultraviolet, and what other kind of light?

answer: infrared

text: infrared


text: Independent service is a special service mode found on most elevators. It is activated by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby. When an elevator is placed on independent service, it will no longer respond to hall calls. (In a bank of elevators, traffic is rerouted to the other elevators, while in a single elevator, the hall buttons are disabled). The elevator will remain parked on a floor with its doors open until a floor is selected and the door close button is held until the elevator starts to travel. Independent service is useful when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Independent

text: service

text: is

text: a

text: special

text: service

text: mode

text: found

text: on

text: most

text: elevators

text: It

text: is

text: activated

text: by

text: a

text: key

text: switch

text: either

text: inside

text: the

text: elevator

text: itself

text: or

text: on

text: a

text: centralized

text: control

text: panel

text: in

text: the

text: lobby

text: When

text: an

text: elevator

text: is

text: placed

text: on

text: independent

text: service

text: it

text: will

text: no

text: longer

text: respond

text: to

text: hall

text: calls

text: In

text: a

text: bank

text: of

text: elevators

text: traffic

text: is

text: rerouted

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: elevators

text: while

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: elevator

text: the

text: hall

text: buttons

text: are

text: disabled

text: The

text: elevator

text: will

text: remain

text: parked

text: on

text: a

text: floor

text: with

text: its

text: doors

text: open

text: until

text: a

text: floor

text: is

text: selected

text: and

text: the

text: door

text: close

text: button

text: is

text: held

text: until

text: the

text: elevator

text: starts

text: to

text: travel

text: Independent

text: service

text: is

text: useful

text: when

text: transporting

text: large

text: goods

text: or

text: moving

text: groups

text: of

text: people

text: between

text: certain

text: floors

question: How is the special sercice mode enabled?

answer: by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby

text: by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby

question: What is the impact on an elevator set to independant service mode?

answer: it will no longer respond to hall calls

text: it will no longer respond to hall calls

question: At what times is Independant service best utilized?

answer: when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors

text: when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors

question: During independant service mode how is a single cab in a hall kept from being used?

answer: the hall buttons are disabled

text: the hall buttons are disabled


text: Music, photos and videos can be played from standard USB mass storage devices, Xbox 360 proprietary storage devices (such as memory cards or Xbox 360 hard drives), and servers or computers with Windows Media Center or Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher within the local-area network in streaming mode. As the Xbox 360 uses a modified version of the UPnP AV protocol, some alternative UPnP servers such as uShare (part of the GeeXboX project) and MythTV can also stream media to the Xbox 360, allowing for similar functionality from non-Windows servers. This is possible with video files up to HD-resolution and with several codecs (MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV) and container formats (WMV, MOV, TS).

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: Music

text: photos

text: and

text: videos

text: can

text: be

text: played

text: from

text: standard

text: USB

text: mass

text: storage

text: devices

text: Xbox

text: proprietary

text: storage

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: memory

text: cards

text: or

text: Xbox

text: hard

text: drives

text: and

text: servers

text: or

text: computers

text: with

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Center

text: or

text: Windows

text: XP

text: with

text: Service

text: pack

text: or

text: higher

text: within

text: the

text: local

text: area

text: network

text: in

text: streaming

text: mode

text: As

text: the

text: Xbox

text: uses

text: a

text: modified

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: UPnP

text: AV

text: protocol

text: some

text: alternative

text: UPnP

text: servers

text: such

text: as

text: uShare

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: GeeXboX

text: project

text: and

text: MythTV

text: can

text: also

text: stream

text: media

text: to

text: the

text: Xbox

text: allowing

text: for

text: similar

text: functionality

text: from

text: non

text: Windows

text: servers

text: This

text: is

text: possible

text: with

text: video

text: files

text: up

text: to

text: HD

text: resolution

text: and

text: with

text: several

text: codecs

text: WMV

text: and

text: container

text: formats

text: WMV

text: MOV

text: TS

question: What PC operating system is required to stream content to a 360?

answer: Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher

text: Windows XP with Service pack 2 or higher

question: What modified AV protocol does the 360 utilize?

answer: UPnP

text: UPnP

question: What codecs are supported for 360 streaming from uShare?

answer: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV

text: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, WMV

question: What video formats are supported for UPnP streaming?

answer: WMV, MOV, TS

text: WMV, MOV, TS

question: A Service pack 2 or higher prevents what?

text: streaming

question: What type of server does a Windows XP have?

text: UPnP

question: What is MythTV part of?

text: the GeeXboX project

question: Which formats does UPnP not support?

text: WMV, MOV, TS

question: The service pack number needs to be lower than what to work with Xbox 360?


text: Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but eventually spreading widely throughout Europe, a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great magician. Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years, arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves. Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd.

title: Virgil

title: Virgil

text: Possibly

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: century

text: AD

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: works

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: having

text: magical

text: properties

text: and

text: were

text: used

text: for

text: divination

text: In

text: what

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sortes

text: Vergilianae

text: Virgilian

text: Lots

text: passages

text: would

text: be

text: selected

text: at

text: random

text: and

text: interpreted

text: to

text: answer

text: questions

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: starting

text: around

text: Naples

text: but

text: eventually

text: spreading

text: widely

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: a

text: tradition

text: developed

text: in

text: which

text: Virgil

text: was

text: regarded

text: as

text: a

text: great

text: magician

text: Legends

text: about

text: Virgil

text: and

text: his

text: magical

text: powers

text: remained

text: popular

text: for

text: over

text: two

text: hundred

text: years

text: arguably

text: becoming

text: as

text: prominent

text: as

text: his

text: writings

text: themselves

text: Virgil

text: 's

text: legacy

text: in

text: medieval

text: Wales

text: was

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: Welsh

text: version

text: of

text: his

text: name

text: Fferyllt

text: or

text: Pheryllt

text: became

text: a

text: generic

text: term

text: for

text: magic

text: worker

text: and

text: survives

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: Welsh

text: word

text: for

text: pharmacist

text: fferyllydd

question: Where did the tradition start which regarded Virgil as a great magician?

answer: Naples

text: Naples

question: How long did legends of Virgil's magical powers remain popular?

answer: over two hundred years

text: over two hundred years

question: What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?

answer: fferyllydd

text: fferyllydd

question: Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?

answer: medieval Wales

text: medieval Wales

question: When did Virgil's reputation as a great magician begin?

answer: 12th century

text: 12th century

question: Where did the tradition of seeing Virgil as a great magician last the longest?

text: Wales

question: How long did it take for the legends of Virgil's magic powers to spread through Europe?

text: two hundred years

question: Where did Virgil write his poetry?

text: Naples

question: What part of the world did Virgil write the most about?

text: Europe

question: When were Virgil's works the most popular?

text: the 12th century


text: In 1999, the representatives of Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, apparently resolving the conflict over the nature of justification which was at the root of the Protestant Reformation, although Confessional Lutherans reject this statement. This is understandable, since there is no compelling authority within them. On 18 July 2006, delegates to the World Methodist Conference voted unanimously to adopt the Joint Declaration.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: the

text: representatives

text: of

text: Lutheran

text: World

text: Federation

text: and

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: signed

text: the

text: Joint

text: Declaration

text: on

text: the

text: Doctrine

text: of

text: Justification

text: apparently

text: resolving

text: the

text: conflict

text: over

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: justification

text: which

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: root

text: of

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: although

text: Confessional

text: Lutherans

text: reject

text: this

text: statement

text: This

text: is

text: understandable

text: since

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: compelling

text: authority

text: within

text: them

text: On

text: July

text: delegates

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Methodist

text: Conference

text: voted

text: unanimously

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: Joint

text: Declaration

question: What document was signed in 1999?

answer: the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification

text: the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification

question: Who rejects the statement signed in 1999?

answer: Confessional Lutherans

text: Confessional Lutherans

question: Who adopted the Joint Declaration in 2006?

answer: delegates to the World Methodist Conference

text: delegates to the World Methodist Conference

question: The Joint Declaration supposedly resolves the conflict which originally led to what movement?

answer: the Protestant Reformation

text: the Protestant Reformation

question: What two groups originally signed the Joint Declaration?

answer: Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church

text: Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church


text: Vinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of records started being made of vinyl also, for the same reason. These were all 78 rpm. During and after World War II, when shellac supplies were extremely limited, some 78 rpm records were pressed in vinyl instead of shellac, particularly the six-minute 12-inch (30 cm) 78 rpm records produced by V-Disc for distribution to United States troops in World War II. In the 1940s, radio transcriptions, which were usually on 16-inch records, but sometimes 12-inch, were always made of vinyl, but cut at 33 1⁄3 rpm. Shorter transcriptions were often cut at 78 rpm.

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: Vinyl

text: 's

text: lower

text: surface

text: noise

text: level

text: than

text: shellac

text: was

text: not

text: forgotten

text: nor

text: was

text: its

text: durability

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: radio

text: commercials

text: and

text: pre

text: recorded

text: radio

text: programs

text: being

text: sent

text: to

text: disc

text: jockeys

text: started

text: being

text: stamped

text: in

text: vinyl

text: so

text: they

text: would

text: not

text: break

text: in

text: the

text: mail

text: In

text: the

text: special

text: DJ

text: copies

text: of

text: records

text: started

text: being

text: made

text: of

text: vinyl

text: also

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: reason

text: These

text: were

text: all

text: rpm

text: During

text: and

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: when

text: shellac

text: supplies

text: were

text: extremely

text: limited

text: some

text: rpm

text: records

text: were

text: pressed

text: in

text: vinyl

text: instead

text: of

text: shellac

text: particularly

text: the

text: six

text: minute

text: cm

text: rpm

text: records

text: produced

text: by

text: V

text: Disc

text: for

text: distribution

text: to

text: United

text: States

text: troops

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: In

text: the

text: radio

text: transcriptions

text: which

text: were

text: usually

text: on

text: records

text: but

text: sometimes

text: were

text: always

text: made

text: of

text: vinyl

text: but

text: cut

text: at

text: rpm

text: Shorter

text: transcriptions

text: were

text: often

text: cut

text: at

text: rpm

question: What was a benefit of using vinyl over shellac?

answer: lower surface noise

text: lower surface noise

question: By the mid 1940s what was the primary material records were made of?

answer: vinyl

text: vinyl

question: What was a factor in shellac availability?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: Which material was more durable,  shellac or vinyl?

answer: vinyl

text: vinyl

question: What material were most mailed records made of?

answer: vinyl

text: vinyl


text: The rediscovery of Aristotle's works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated –fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had already begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these works represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotle's works "a turning point in the history of Western thought." After Aristotle re-emerged, a community of scholars, primarily communicating in Latin, accelerated the process and practice of attempting to reconcile the thoughts of Greek antiquity, and especially ideas related to understanding the natural world, with those of the church. The efforts of this "scholasticism" were focused on applying Aristotelian logic and thoughts about natural processes to biblical passages and attempting to prove the viability of those passages through reason. This became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students.

title: University

title: University

text: The

text: rediscovery

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: works

text: more

text: than

text: pages

text: of

text: it

text: would

text: eventually

text: be

text: translated

text: –fuelled

text: a

text: spirit

text: of

text: inquiry

text: into

text: natural

text: processes

text: that

text: had

text: already

text: begun

text: to

text: emerge

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Some

text: scholars

text: believe

text: that

text: these

text: works

text: represented

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: document

text: discoveries

text: in

text: Western

text: intellectual

text: history

text: Richard

text: Dales

text: for

text: instance

text: calls

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: works

text: a

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Western

text: thought

text: After

text: Aristotle

text: re

text: emerged

text: a

text: community

text: of

text: scholars

text: primarily

text: communicating

text: in

text: Latin

text: accelerated

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: attempting

text: to

text: reconcile

text: the

text: thoughts

text: of

text: Greek

text: antiquity

text: and

text: especially

text: ideas

text: related

text: to

text: understanding

text: the

text: natural

text: world

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: The

text: efforts

text: of

text: this

text: scholasticism

text: were

text: focused

text: on

text: applying

text: Aristotelian

text: logic

text: and

text: thoughts

text: about

text: natural

text: processes

text: to

text: biblical

text: passages

text: and

text: attempting

text: to

text: prove

text: the

text: viability

text: of

text: those

text: passages

text: through

text: reason

text: This

text: became

text: the

text: primary

text: mission

text: of

text: lecturers

text: and

text: the

text: expectation

text: of

text: students

question: Roughly how many pages of the works of Aristotle were translated by the 12th century?

answer: more than 3000 pages

text: more than 3000 pages

question: Richard Dales believes that the work of Aristotle represents the turning point of what?

answer: Western thought

text: Western thought

question: What word described the early attempts to understand the work of Aristotle?

answer: scholasticism

text: scholasticism

question: What faculty did scholars attempt to use to prove the thoughts of Aristotle?

answer: reason

text: reason

question: What language did 12th century scholars studying Aristotle speak in?

answer: Latin

text: Latin

question: What began to emerge in the 1200's?

question: What is considered one of the most important discoveries in the world?

text: The rediscovery of Aristotle's works

question: Who called the discovery of Aristotle's work a turning point in Western Science?

text: Richard Dales

question: Who used Greek to communicate?

text: a community of scholars

question: What focused on using Aristotelian logic to disprove the bible?

text: scholasticism

question: Roughly how many pages of the works of Richard Dales were translated by the 12th century?

text: more than 3000 pages

question: What did Aristotle believe that the work of Richard Dales represent the turning point of?

text: Western thought

question: What word described the early attempts to understand the work of Dales?

text: scholasticism

question: What faculty did scholars attempt to use to prove the thoughts of Aristotle?

text: reason

question: What language did 12th century scholars studying Dale speak in?

text: Latin


text: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia. The Armenian military was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence in 1992. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, currently headed by Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan, while military command remains in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is currently Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov.

title: Armenia

title: Armenia

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Army

text: Air

text: Force

text: Air

text: Defence

text: and

text: Border

text: Guard

text: comprise

text: the

text: four

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

text: The

text: Armenian

text: military

text: was

text: formed

text: after

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defence

text: in

text: The

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: is

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: Armenia

text: Serzh

text: Sargsyan

text: The

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defence

text: is

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: political

text: leadership

text: currently

text: headed

text: by

text: Colonel

text: General

text: Seyran

text: Ohanyan

text: while

text: military

text: command

text: remains

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Staff

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: who

text: is

text: currently

text: Colonel

text: General

text: Yuri

text: Khatchaturov

question: What are the four branches of the Armenian Armed Forces?

answer: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard

text: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard

question: When was the Armenian military created?

answer: 1991

question: When was the Ministry of Defence founded?

answer: 1992

question: Who is in charge of the the Armenian military?

answer: Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov

text: Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov

question: Who is in charge of the Ministry of Defence?

answer: Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan

text: Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan


text: Prior to the Golden Age of Mandolins, France had a history with the mandolin, with mandolinists playing in Paris until the Napoleonic Wars. The players, teachers and composers included Giovanni Fouchetti, Eduardo Mezzacapo, Gabriele Leon, and Gervasio. During the Golden age itself (1880s-1920s), the mandolin had a strong presence in France. Prominent mandolin players or composers included Jules Cottin and his sister Madeleine Cottin, Jean Pietrapertosa, and Edgar Bara. Paris had dozens of "estudiantina" mandolin orchestras in the early 1900s. Mandolin magazines included L'Estudiantina, Le Plectre, École de la mandolie.

title: Mandolin

title: Mandolin

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Mandolins

text: France

text: had

text: a

text: history

text: with

text: the

text: mandolin

text: with

text: mandolinists

text: playing

text: in

text: Paris

text: until

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: The

text: players

text: teachers

text: and

text: composers

text: included

text: Giovanni

text: Fouchetti

text: Eduardo

text: Mezzacapo

text: Gabriele

text: Leon

text: and

text: Gervasio

text: During

text: the

text: Golden

text: age

text: itself

text: the

text: mandolin

text: had

text: a

text: strong

text: presence

text: in

text: France

text: Prominent

text: mandolin

text: players

text: or

text: composers

text: included

text: Jules

text: Cottin

text: and

text: his

text: sister

text: Madeleine

text: Cottin

text: Jean

text: Pietrapertosa

text: and

text: Edgar

text: Bara

text: Paris

text: had

text: dozens

text: of

text: estudiantina

text: mandolin

text: orchestras

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Mandolin

text: magazines

text: included

text: L'Estudiantina

text: Le

text: Plectre

text: École

text: de

text: la

text: mandolie

question: Prior to what age did France have a history with the mandolin?

answer: Golden Age of Mandolins

text: Golden Age of Mandolins

question: Where in France did the mandolinists play?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: When did the mandolinists stop playing in Paris?

answer: Napoleonic Wars.

text: Napoleonic Wars.

question: Who were the players and composers during this time?

answer: Giovanni Fouchetti, Eduardo Mezzacapo, Gabriele Leon, and Gervasio

text: Giovanni Fouchetti, Eduardo Mezzacapo, Gabriele Leon, and Gervasio

question: What years was considered the Golden Age of Mandolins?

answer: 1880s-1920s

question: Prior to what age did Italy have a history with the mandolin?

text: Prior to the Golden Age

question: Where in Italy did the mandolinists play?

text: Paris

question: When did the mandolinists start playing in Paris?

text: Napoleonic Wars

question: Who weren't the players and composers during this time?

question: What years weren't considered the Golden Age of Mandolins?


text: Three-phase AC railway electrification was used in Italy, Switzerland and the United States in the early twentieth century. Italy was the major user, for lines in the mountainous regions of northern Italy from 1901 until 1976. The first lines were the Burgdorf-Thun line in Switzerland (1899), and the lines of the Ferrovia Alta Valtellina from Colico to Chiavenna and Tirano in Italy, which were electrified in 1901 and 1902. Other lines where the three-phase system were used were the Simplon Tunnel in Switzerland from 1906 to 1930, and the Cascade Tunnel of the Great Northern Railway in the United States from 1909 to 1927.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: Three

text: phase

text: AC

text: railway

text: electrification

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: Italy

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: twentieth

text: century

text: Italy

text: was

text: the

text: major

text: user

text: for

text: lines

text: in

text: the

text: mountainous

text: regions

text: of

text: northern

text: Italy

text: from

text: until

text: The

text: first

text: lines

text: were

text: the

text: Burgdorf

text: Thun

text: line

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: lines

text: of

text: the

text: Ferrovia

text: Alta

text: Valtellina

text: from

text: Colico

text: to

text: Chiavenna

text: and

text: Tirano

text: in

text: Italy

text: which

text: were

text: electrified

text: in

text: and

text: Other

text: lines

text: where

text: the

text: three

text: phase

text: system

text: were

text: used

text: were

text: the

text: Simplon

text: Tunnel

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Tunnel

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Northern

text: Railway

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: to

question: What countries  used three-phase AC system in the the beginning of 20th century?

answer: Italy, Switzerland and the United States

text: Italy, Switzerland and the United States

question: What country was a bigger user compare to the three of them?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: Where did Italy start using the AC system?

answer: in the mountainous regions of northern Italy

text: in the mountainous regions of northern Italy

question: How long did the AC system last in northern Italy?

answer: 1901 until 1976

text: 1901 until 1976

question: How long did three-phase system operate in Cascade Tunnel?

answer: 1909 to 1927

text: 1909 to 1927

question: Who was the major user of railway electrification in the nineteenth century?

text: Italy

question: The four-phase system was used in what tunnel in Switzerland?

text: the Simplon Tunnel

question: The four-phase system was used in what tunnel in the US?

text: the Cascade Tunnel

question: The first four-way lines were in what country?

text: Switzerland

question: The first four-way lines were created in what year?


text: Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its "political rearrangement"—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

text: Most

text: notably

text: there

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: secret

text: protocol

text: to

text: the

text: pact

text: revealed

text: only

text: after

text: Germany

text: 's

text: defeat

text: in

text: although

text: hints

text: about

text: its

text: provisions

text: were

text: leaked

text: much

text: earlier

text: e.g.

text: to

text: influence

text: Lithuania

text: According

text: to

text: said

text: protocol

text: Romania

text: Poland

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: Estonia

text: and

text: Finland

text: were

text: divided

text: into

text: German

text: and

text: Soviet

text: spheres

text: of

text: influence

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: and

text: Latvia

text: were

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: sphere

text: Poland

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: partitioned

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: its

text: political

text: rearrangement

text: the

text: areas

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Pisa

text: Narev

text: Vistula

text: and

text: San

text: rivers

text: going

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: while

text: Germany

text: would

text: occupy

text: the

text: west

text: Lithuania

text: adjacent

text: to

text: East

text: Prussia

text: would

text: be

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: sphere

text: of

text: influence

text: although

text: a

text: second

text: secret

text: protocol

text: agreed

text: to

text: in

text: September

text: reassigned

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: secret

text: protocol

text: Lithuania

text: would

text: be

text: granted

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Vilnius

text: its

text: historical

text: capital

text: which

text: was

text: under

text: Polish

text: control

text: during

text: the

text: inter

text: war

text: period

text: Another

text: clause

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: was

text: that

text: Germany

text: would

text: not

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: 's

text: actions

text: towards

text: Bessarabia

text: then

text: part

text: of

text: Romania

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: Bessarabia

text: was

text: joined

text: to

text: the

text: Moldovan

text: ASSR

text: and

text: become

text: the

text: Moldovan

text: SSR

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: Moscow

question: What country held the city Vilnius prior to the inter-war period?

answer: Lithuania

text: Lithuania

question: What country would reclaim the city of Vilnius?

answer: Lithuania

text: Lithuania

question: What rivers would the soviet union claim as their own during the invasion of poland?

answer: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers

text: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers

question: Who would claim Lithuania under their political umbrella?

answer: German

text: German

question: Bessarabia eventually became under the control of which country?

answer: Soviet Union

text: Soviet Union

question: What country held the city Vilnius after to the inter-war period?

text: Lithuania

question: What country wouldn't reclaim the city of Vilnius?

text: Lithuania

question: What rivers wouldn't the soviet union claim as their own during the invasion of poland?

text: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers

question: Who wouldn't claim Lithuania under their political umbrella?

text: German

question: Bessarabia eventually never became under the control of which country?

text: Soviet Union


text: Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Longer

text: works

text: are

text: often

text: divided

text: into

text: self

text: contained

text: pieces

text: called

text: movements

text: often

text: with

text: contrasting

text: characters

text: or

text: moods

text: For

text: instance

text: symphonies

text: written

text: during

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: are

text: usually

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: movements

text: an

text: opening

text: Allegro

text: in

text: sonata

text: form

text: a

text: slow

text: movement

text: a

text: minuet

text: or

text: scherzo

text: and

text: a

text: final

text: Allegro

text: These

text: movements

text: can

text: then

text: be

text: further

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: a

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: smaller

text: units

text: first

text: sections

text: then

text: periods

text: and

text: finally

text: phrases

question: What are self-contained pieces in longer works called?

answer: movements

text: movements

question: How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?

answer: four

text: four

question: What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?

answer: slow

text: slow

question: A movement broken up further is called what?

answer: sections

text: sections

question: The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what?

answer: Allegro

text: Allegro


text: 27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue. It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: is

text: a

text: one

text: way

text: street

text: runs

text: from

text: Second

text: Avenue

text: to

text: the

text: West

text: Side

text: Highway

text: with

text: an

text: interruption

text: between

text: Eighth

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Tenth

text: Avenue

text: It

text: is

text: most

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: strip

text: between

text: Tenth

text: and

text: Eleventh

text: Avenues

text: known

text: as

text: Club

text: Row

text: because

text: it

text: features

text: numerous

text: nightclubs

text: and

text: lounges

question: Which street does Club Row occur on?

answer: 27th Street

text: 27th Street

question: Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?

answer: Club Row

text: Club Row

question: What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as?

answer: Club Row

text: Club Row

question: Does traffuc on 27th Street run one-way or two-ways?

answer: one-way

text: one-way

question: Where does 27th Street start?

answer: Second Avenue

text: Second Avenue


text: In 2004, the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street, connecting East Rock Park and the East Rock neighborhood to downtown. Since then, bike lanes have also been added to sections of Howard Ave, Elm St, Dixwell Avenue, Water Street, Clinton Avenue and State Street. The city has created recommended bike routes for getting around New Haven, including use of the Canal Trail and the Orange Street lane. A bike map of the city entire can be seen here , and bike maps broken down by area here . As of the end of 2012, bicycle lanes have also been added in both directions on Dixwell Avenue along most of the street from downtown to the Hamden town line, as well as along Howard Avenue from Yale New Haven Hospital to City Point.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: bike

text: lane

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: Orange

text: Street

text: connecting

text: East

text: Rock

text: Park

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: Rock

text: neighborhood

text: to

text: downtown

text: Since

text: then

text: bike

text: lanes

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: added

text: to

text: sections

text: of

text: Howard

text: Ave

text: Elm

text: St

text: Dixwell

text: Avenue

text: Water

text: Street

text: Clinton

text: Avenue

text: and

text: State

text: Street

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: created

text: recommended

text: bike

text: routes

text: for

text: getting

text: around

text: New

text: Haven

text: including

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: Canal

text: Trail

text: and

text: the

text: Orange

text: Street

text: lane

text: A

text: bike

text: map

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: entire

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: here

text: and

text: bike

text: maps

text: broken

text: down

text: by

text: area

text: here

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: bicycle

text: lanes

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: added

text: in

text: both

text: directions

text: on

text: Dixwell

text: Avenue

text: along

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: street

text: from

text: downtown

text: to

text: the

text: Hamden

text: town

text: line

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: along

text: Howard

text: Avenue

text: from

text: Yale

text: New

text: Haven

text: Hospital

text: to

text: City

text: Point

question: In what year did Orange Street receive the first bike lane in New Haven?

answer: 2004

question: For which New Haven neighborhood did the Orange Street bike lane provide a connection to downtown?

answer: East Rock

text: East Rock

question: In addition to Orange Street, what is a bike route recommended for use by the city of New Haven?

answer: Canal Trail

text: Canal Trail

question: In what year were bike lanes added on Dixwell Avenue and Howard Avenue?

answer: 2012

question: When was the first bicycle lane created in New Haven?

answer: 2004

question: The lane stretch from East Rock park to what part of the city?

answer: downtown

text: downtown

question: What year did New Haven finally integrated bike lanes to most of the city?

answer: end of 2012

text: end of 2012

question: How is it possible to located the direction of bike lanes within the city?

answer: bike map of the city

text: bike map of the city


text: The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually canonized. In his journal in 1959 during a spiritual retreat, John XXIII made this remark: "I always think of Pius IX of holy and glorious memory, and by imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization".

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: The

text: first

text: session

text: ended

text: in

text: a

text: solemn

text: ceremony

text: on

text: December

text: with

text: the

text: next

text: session

text: scheduled

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: June

text: this

text: was

text: announced

text: on

text: November

text: John

text: XXIII

text: 's

text: closing

text: speech

text: made

text: subtle

text: references

text: to

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IX

text: and

text: he

text: had

text: expressed

text: the

text: desire

text: to

text: see

text: Pius

text: IX

text: beatified

text: and

text: eventually

text: canonized

text: In

text: his

text: journal

text: in

text: during

text: a

text: spiritual

text: retreat

text: John

text: XXIII

text: made

text: this

text: remark

text: I

text: always

text: think

text: of

text: Pius

text: IX

text: of

text: holy

text: and

text: glorious

text: memory

text: and

text: by

text: imitating

text: him

text: in

text: his

text: sacrifices

text: I

text: would

text: like

text: to

text: be

text: worthy

text: to

text: celebrate

text: his

text: canonization

question: A solemn ceremony ended the first session on what day?

answer: 8 December 1962

text: 8 December 1962

question: When was the next session scheduled?

answer: 1963 from 12 May to 29 June

text: 1963 from 12 May to 29 June

question: When was the next session announced?

answer: 12 November 1962

text: 12 November 1962

question: Who did John XXIII wish to see canonized?

answer: Pope Pius IX

text: Pope Pius IX

question: When was Pope John XXIII canonized?

text: 8 December 1962

question: When was Pope Pius IX at a spiritual retreat?

text: in 1959

question: When thinking of John XXIII, what did Pope Pius IX want to be worthy of?

text: to celebrate his canonization

question: How did Pope Pius IX remember John XXIII as being?

text: holy and glorious

question: When was Pope John XXIII beatified?

text: on 12 November 1962


text: Chopin's original publishers included Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel. His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies. The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel (1878–1902). Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.

title: Frédéric_Chopin

title: Frédéric_Chopin

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: original

text: publishers

text: included

text: Maurice

text: Schlesinger

text: and

text: Camille

text: Pleyel

text: His

text: works

text: soon

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: popular

text: century

text: piano

text: anthologies

text: The

text: first

text: collected

text: edition

text: was

text: by

text: Breitkopf

text: Härtel

text: Among

text: modern

text: scholarly

text: editions

text: of

text: Chopin

text: 's

text: works

text: are

text: the

text: version

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Paderewski

text: published

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: recent

text: Polish

text: National

text: Edition

text: edited

text: by

text: Jan

text: Ekier

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: contain

text: detailed

text: explanations

text: and

text: discussions

text: regarding

text: choices

text: and

text: sources

question: Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?

answer: Breitkopf & Härtel

text: Breitkopf & Härtel

question: Who edited the Polish "National Edition" of Chopin's works?

answer: Jan Ekier

text: Jan Ekier

question: Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin?

answer: original publishers

text: original publishers

question: Where did Chopin's work start t oshow up?

answer: popular 19th-century piano anthologies.

text: popular 19th-century piano anthologies.

question: What was the name under scholarly publications of Chopin's work form 1937 to 1966?

answer: Paderewski

text: Paderewski

question: Who edited the Polish National Edition?

answer: Jan Ekier

text: Jan Ekier


text: During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to England, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return.

title: Franco-Prussian_War

title: Franco

title: Prussian_War

text: During

text: the

text: fighting

text: the

text: Communards

text: killed

text: c.

text: people

text: including

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Paris

text: and

text: burned

text: down

text: many

text: government

text: buildings

text: including

text: the

text: Tuileries

text: Palace

text: and

text: the

text: Hotel

text: de

text: Ville

text: Communards

text: captured

text: with

text: weapons

text: were

text: routinely

text: shot

text: by

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: Government

text: troops

text: killed

text: from

text: Communards

text: in

text: the

text: fighting

text: and

text: in

text: massacres

text: of

text: men

text: women

text: and

text: children

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Commune

text: More

text: recent

text: histories

text: based

text: on

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: number

text: buried

text: in

text: Paris

text: cemeteries

text: and

text: in

text: mass

text: graves

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Commune

text: put

text: the

text: number

text: killed

text: at

text: between

text: and

text: Twenty

text: six

text: courts

text: were

text: established

text: to

text: try

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: arrested

text: which

text: took

text: until

text: and

text: imposed

text: death

text: sentences

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: inflicted

text: Forced

text: labour

text: for

text: life

text: was

text: imposed

text: on

text: people

text: people

text: were

text: transported

text: to

text: a

text: fortified

text: place

text: and

text: people

text: were

text: transported

text: About

text: Communards

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: prison

text: hulks

text: until

text: released

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: great

text: many

text: Communards

text: fled

text: abroad

text: to

text: England

text: Switzerland

text: Belgium

text: or

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: survivors

text: were

text: amnestied

text: by

text: a

text: bill

text: introduced

text: by

text: Gambetta

text: in

text: and

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

question: How many were killed by the Communards?

answer: 500 people

text: 500 people

question: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting?

answer: Archbishop of Paris

text: Archbishop of Paris

question: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down?

answer: government buildings

text: government buildings

question: What famous palace was also burned down?

answer: Tuileries Palace

text: Tuileries Palace

question: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?

answer: between 6,000 and 10,000

text: between 6,000 and 10,000


text: After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equipment and personnel for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm) established a station at the Royal Naval Dockyard to repair (and supply replacement) float planes for the fleet. In 1936 Luft Hansa began to experiment with seaplane flights from Berlin via the Azores with continuation to New York City.

title: Bermuda

title: Bermuda

text: After

text: several

text: failed

text: attempts

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: aeroplane

text: reached

text: Bermuda

text: A

text: Stinson

text: Detroiter

text: seaplane

text: flying

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: it

text: had

text: to

text: land

text: twice

text: in

text: the

text: ocean

text: once

text: because

text: of

text: darkness

text: and

text: again

text: to

text: refuel

text: Navigation

text: and

text: weather

text: forecasting

text: improved

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: then

text: responsible

text: for

text: providing

text: equipment

text: and

text: personnel

text: for

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: 's

text: Fleet

text: Air

text: Arm

text: established

text: a

text: station

text: at

text: the

text: Royal

text: Naval

text: Dockyard

text: to

text: repair

text: and

text: supply

text: replacement

text: float

text: planes

text: for

text: the

text: fleet

text: In

text: Luft

text: Hansa

text: began

text: to

text: experiment

text: with

text: seaplane

text: flights

text: from

text: Berlin

text: via

text: the

text: Azores

text: with

text: continuation

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: City

question: When did the first aeroplane reach Bermuda?

answer: 1930

question: Why did the plane have to land twice before reaching Bermuda?

answer: once because of darkness and again to refuel

text: once because of darkness and again to refuel

question: What improved thanks to the Royal Air Force in 1933?

answer: Navigation and weather forecasting

text: Navigation and weather forecasting

question: Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores?

answer: Luft Hansa

text: Luft Hansa

question: What reached Bermuda in 1903?

text: first aeroplane

question: What is Detroiter Stinson a type of?

text: seaplane

question: What improved in 1936 because of the Royal Air Force?

text: Navigation and weather forecasting

question: Who began to experiment with seaplane flights in 1933?

text: Luft Hansa


text: Relatively few changes were made from the Release Preview to the final version; these included updated versions of its pre-loaded apps, the renaming of Windows Explorer to File Explorer, the replacement of the Aero Glass theme from Windows Vista and 7 with a new flat and solid-colored theme, and the addition of new background options for the Start screen, lock screen, and desktop. Prior to its general availability on October 26, 2012, updates were released for some of Windows 8's bundled apps, and a "General Availability Cumulative Update" (which included fixes to improve performance, compatibility, and battery life) was released on Tuesday, October 9, 2012. Microsoft indicated that due to improvements to its testing infrastructure, general improvements of this nature are to be released more frequently through Windows Update instead of being relegated to OEMs and service packs only.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Relatively

text: few

text: changes

text: were

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: Release

text: Preview

text: to

text: the

text: final

text: version

text: these

text: included

text: updated

text: versions

text: of

text: its

text: pre

text: loaded

text: apps

text: the

text: renaming

text: of

text: Windows

text: Explorer

text: to

text: File

text: Explorer

text: the

text: replacement

text: of

text: the

text: Aero

text: Glass

text: theme

text: from

text: Windows

text: Vista

text: and

text: with

text: a

text: new

text: flat

text: and

text: solid

text: colored

text: theme

text: and

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: new

text: background

text: options

text: for

text: the

text: Start

text: screen

text: lock

text: screen

text: and

text: desktop

text: Prior

text: to

text: its

text: general

text: availability

text: on

text: October

text: updates

text: were

text: released

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: Windows

text: 's

text: bundled

text: apps

text: and

text: a

text: General

text: Availability

text: Cumulative

text: Update

text: which

text: included

text: fixes

text: to

text: improve

text: performance

text: compatibility

text: and

text: battery

text: life

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: Tuesday

text: October

text: Microsoft

text: indicated

text: that

text: due

text: to

text: improvements

text: to

text: its

text: testing

text: infrastructure

text: general

text: improvements

text: of

text: this

text: nature

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: more

text: frequently

text: through

text: Windows

text: Update

text: instead

text: of

text: being

text: relegated

text: to

text: OEMs

text: and

text: service

text: packs

text: only

question: How many things did Microsoft alter after Release Preview?

answer: Relatively few

text: Relatively few

question: When was the General Availablity Cumulative Update provided?

answer: October 9, 2012

text: October 9, 2012

question: How are system improvements released through Windows 8?

answer: through Windows Update

text: through Windows Update

question: What name did Windows Explorer change to?

answer: File Explorer

text: File Explorer

question: How many things did Microsoft alter before Release Preview?

text: Relatively few

question: When wasn't the General Availablity Cumulative Update provided?

text: October 9, 2012

question: How aren't system improvements released through Windows 8?

text: Windows Update

question: How are system improvements released through Windows 9?

text: Windows Update

question: What name did Windows Explorer stay as?

text: File Explorer


text: This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: This

text: contrasts

text: with

text: the

text: presidential

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: president

text: or

text: equivalent

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: In

text: some

text: presidential

text: or

text: semi

text: presidential

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: France

text: Russia

text: or

text: South

text: Korea

text: the

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: generally

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: president

text: but

text: usually

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: legislature

text: and

text: responsible

text: for

text: carrying

text: out

text: the

text: directives

text: of

text: the

text: president

text: and

text: managing

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Premier

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: premier

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Taiwan

text: is

text: also

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: president

text: but

text: requires

text: no

text: approval

text: by

text: the

text: legislature

question: What is the term for the head of China's government?

answer: Premier of the State Council

text: Premier of the State Council

question: What is another name for the Republic of China?

answer: Taiwan

text: Taiwan

question: Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office?

answer: legislature

text: legislature

question: Who is both head of state and the head of government in France?

text: the prime minister

question: Who is appointed by the president and approved by the legislature in Taiwan?

text: the premier


text: Numerous plays are put on every year at Eton College; there is one main theatre, called the Farrer (seating 400) and 2 Studio theatres, called the Caccia Studio and Empty Space (seating 90 and 80 respectively). There are about 8 or 9 house productions each year, around 3 or 4 "independent" plays (not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians) and three school plays, one specifically for boys in the first two years, and two open to all years. The School Plays have such good reputations that they are normally fully booked every night. Productions also take place in varying locations around the School, varying from the sports fields to more historic buildings such as Upper School and College Chapel.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Numerous

text: plays

text: are

text: put

text: on

text: every

text: year

text: at

text: Eton

text: College

text: there

text: is

text: one

text: main

text: theatre

text: called

text: the

text: Farrer

text: seating

text: and

text: Studio

text: theatres

text: called

text: the

text: Caccia

text: Studio

text: and

text: Empty

text: Space

text: seating

text: and

text: respectively

text: There

text: are

text: about

text: or

text: house

text: productions

text: each

text: year

text: around

text: or

text: independent

text: plays

text: not

text: confined

text: solely

text: to

text: one

text: house

text: produced

text: directed

text: and

text: funded

text: by

text: Etonians

text: and

text: three

text: school

text: plays

text: one

text: specifically

text: for

text: boys

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: years

text: and

text: two

text: open

text: to

text: all

text: years

text: The

text: School

text: Plays

text: have

text: such

text: good

text: reputations

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: normally

text: fully

text: booked

text: every

text: night

text: Productions

text: also

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: varying

text: locations

text: around

text: the

text: School

text: varying

text: from

text: the

text: sports

text: fields

text: to

text: more

text: historic

text: buildings

text: such

text: as

text: Upper

text: School

text: and

text: College

text: Chapel

question: How many people can sit in the audience at Eton's main theatre?

answer: 400

question: What is the name of Eton's largest theatre?

answer: Farrer

text: Farrer

question: How many house productions does Eton run each year?

answer: about 8 or 9

text: about 8 or 9

question: What are "independent" theatre productions at Eton?

answer: not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians

text: not confined solely to one house, produced, directed and funded by Etonians

question: Do the plays sport high attendance rates?

answer: fully booked every night

text: fully booked every night

question: How many people can sit in College Chapel?

question: How many people can sit in Upper School?

question: What Studio theatre was built first?

text: Caccia Studio

question: How many plays are held in Caccia Studio each year?

question: How many plays are held in Empty Space each year?


text: 122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife. The street and the surrounding neighborhood of Harlem is then referred to as "Mau Mau Land" by another character named Wizard, slang indicating it is a majority black area.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: movie

text: Taxi

text: Driver

text: by

text: main

text: character

text: Travis

text: Bickle

text: as

text: the

text: location

text: where

text: a

text: fellow

text: cab

text: driver

text: is

text: assaulted

text: with

text: a

text: knife

text: The

text: street

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Harlem

text: is

text: then

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Mau

text: Mau

text: Land

text: by

text: another

text: character

text: named

text: Wizard

text: slang

text: indicating

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: majority

text: black

text: area

question: Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?

answer: Travis Bickle

text: Travis Bickle

question: What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted?

answer: 122nd Street

text: 122nd Street

question: Which character in Taxi Driver deemed 122nd Street as "Mau Mau Land"?

answer: Wizard

text: Wizard

question: What is the term given to 122nd Street by Wizard in Taxi Driver indicating the area is majority black?

answer: "Mau Mau Land"

text: "Mau Mau Land"

question: Which neighborhood surrounds 122nd Street?

answer: Harlem

text: Harlem


text: Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation.

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis

text: Olin

text: has

text: a

text: network

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: alumni

text: worldwide

text: Over

text: the

text: last

text: several

text: years

text: the

text: school

text: ’s

text: endowment

text: has

text: increased

text: to

text: million

text: and

text: annual

text: gifts

text: average

text: million

text: per

text: year.[citation

text: needed

text: Simon

text: Hall

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: after

text: a

text: donation

text: from

text: John

text: E.

text: Simon

text: On

text: May

text: the

text: million

text: conjoined

text: Knight

text: and

text: Bauer

text: Halls

text: were

text: dedicated

text: following

text: a

text: million

text: gift

text: from

text: Charles

text: F.

text: Knight

text: and

text: Joanne

text: Knight

text: and

text: a

text: million

text: gift

text: from

text: George

text: and

text: Carol

text: Bauer

text: through

text: the

text: Bauer

text: Foundation

question: How many alumni does Olin Business School have worldwide?

answer: more than 16,000 alumni

text: more than 16,000 alumni

question: What is the amount of Olin Business School's endowment as of 2004?

answer: $213 million

text: $213 million

question: When was Simon Hall opened?

answer: 1986

question: Who provided the donation that enabled the opening  Simon Hall?

answer: John E. Simon

text: John E. Simon

question: When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated?

answer: May 2, 2014

text: May 2, 2014

question: How much money did John E. Simon donate?

text: $12 million

question: In what year was the Bauer Foundation established?

question: How much did Simon Hall cost to build?

text: $90 million

question: How much did the Knight Hall cost to build?

text: $15 million

question: How much did the Bauer Hall cost to build?

text: $10 million