text: The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968.

title: United_States_dollar

title: United_States_dollar

text: The

text: Gold

text: Standard

text: Act

text: of

text: abandoned

text: the

text: bimetallic

text: standard

text: and

text: defined

text: the

text: dollar

text: as

text: grains

text: g

text: of

text: gold

text: equivalent

text: to

text: setting

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: troy

text: ounce

text: of

text: gold

text: at

text: Silver

text: coins

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: issued

text: for

text: circulation

text: until

text: when

text: all

text: silver

text: was

text: removed

text: from

text: dimes

text: and

text: quarters

text: and

text: the

text: half

text: dollar

text: was

text: reduced

text: to

text: silver

text: Silver

text: half

text: dollars

text: were

text: last

text: issued

text: for

text: circulation

text: in

text: Gold

text: coins

text: were

text: confiscated

text: by

text: Executive

text: Order

text: issued

text: in

text: by

text: Franklin

text: Roosevelt

text: The

text: gold

text: standard

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: grains

text: g

text: equivalent

text: to

text: setting

text: the

text: price

text: of

text: troy

text: ounce

text: of

text: gold

text: at

text: This

text: standard

text: persisted

text: until

question: What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1900?

answer: Gold Standard Act

text: Gold Standard Act

question: How much gold in grams was one dollar equivalent to?

answer: 1.505

question: How much was 1 troy ounce of gold worth?

answer: $20.67

question: Which year brought the end to silver being in dimes and quarters?

answer: 1964

question: Which President confiscated gold coins?

answer: Franklin Roosevelt

text: Franklin Roosevelt

question: What was the name of the act introduced in the year 1800?

text: Gold Standard Act

question: How much silver in grams was one dollar equivalent to?

question: How much was 1 troy ounce of silver worth?

question: Which of year brought the end to gold being in dimes and quarters?

question: Which President confiscated silver coins?

text: Franklin Roosevelt


text: In Rajasthan, Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs. Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police University, National institute of Fashion Technology, MBM Engineering College etc. Kota is popularly referred to as, "coaching capital of India". Other major educational institutions are Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IIM Udaipur r and LNMIIT. Rajasthan has nine universities and more than 250 colleges, 55,000 primary and 7,400 secondary schools. There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students. Apart from above there 41 Private universities like Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur,Manipal University Jaipur, OPJS University, Churu, Mody University of Technology and Science Lakshmangarh (Women's University, Sikar), RNB Global University, Bikaner. The state has 23 polytechnic colleges and 152 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) that impart vocational training.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: In

text: Rajasthan

text: Jodhpur

text: and

text: Kota

text: are

text: two

text: major

text: educational

text: hubs

text: Kota

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: quality

text: education

text: in

text: preparation

text: of

text: various

text: competitive

text: exams

text: coaching

text: for

text: medical

text: and

text: engineering

text: exams

text: while

text: Jodhpur

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: higher

text: educational

text: institutions

text: like

text: IIT

text: AIIMS

text: National

text: Law

text: University

text: Sardar

text: Patel

text: Police

text: University

text: National

text: institute

text: of

text: Fashion

text: Technology

text: MBM

text: Engineering

text: College

text: etc

text: Kota

text: is

text: popularly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: coaching

text: capital

text: of

text: India

text: Other

text: major

text: educational

text: institutions

text: are

text: Birla

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: Science

text: Pilani

text: Malaviya

text: National

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: Jaipur

text: IIM

text: Udaipur

text: r

text: and

text: LNMIIT

text: Rajasthan

text: has

text: nine

text: universities

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: colleges

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: schools

text: There

text: are

text: engineering

text: colleges

text: with

text: an

text: annual

text: enrollment

text: of

text: about

text: students

text: Apart

text: from

text: above

text: there

text: Private

text: universities

text: like

text: Amity

text: University

text: Rajasthan

text: Jaipur

text: Manipal

text: University

text: Jaipur

text: OPJS

text: University

text: Churu

text: Mody

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: and

text: Science

text: Lakshmangarh

text: Women

text: 's

text: University

text: Sikar

text: RNB

text: Global

text: University

text: Bikaner

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: polytechnic

text: colleges

text: and

text: Industrial

text: Training

text: Institutes

text: ITIs

text: that

text: impart

text: vocational

text: training

question: What are the to main educational hubs of Rajasthan?

answer: Jodhpur and Kota

text: Jodhpur and Kota

question: In what educational hub would one find AIIMS?

answer: Jodhpur

text: Jodhpur

question: What is is Kota known as within India?

answer: coaching capital of India

text: coaching capital of India

question: How many universities does Rajasthan have?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: How many engineering colleges are in Rajasthan?

answer: 41 engineering colleges

text: 41 engineering colleges

question: What are two main educatonal centers of Birla?

text: Jodhpur and Kota

question: What term is Birla referred to as?

text: "coaching capital of India"

question: How many colleges are in Birla?

text: more than 250

question: What is the annual enrollment in Birla?

text: about 11,500 students

question: How many polytechnic colleges are in Birla?


text: On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America "stronger at home and more respected in the world." Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty." He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement.

title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004

text: On

text: July

text: John

text: Kerry

text: selected

text: John

text: Edwards

text: as

text: his

text: running

text: mate

text: shortly

text: before

text: the

text: Democratic

text: National

text: Convention

text: in

text: Boston

text: held

text: later

text: that

text: month

text: Days

text: before

text: Kerry

text: announced

text: Edwards

text: as

text: his

text: running

text: mate

text: Kerry

text: gave

text: a

text: short

text: list

text: of

text: three

text: candidates

text: Sen

text: John

text: Edwards

text: Rep

text: Dick

text: Gephardt

text: and

text: Gov

text: Tom

text: Vilsack

text: Heading

text: into

text: the

text: convention

text: the

text: Kerry

text: Edwards

text: ticket

text: unveiled

text: their

text: new

text: slogan

text: a

text: promise

text: to

text: make

text: America

text: stronger

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: more

text: respected

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Kerry

text: made

text: his

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: experience

text: the

text: prominent

text: theme

text: of

text: the

text: convention

text: In

text: accepting

text: the

text: nomination

text: he

text: began

text: his

text: speech

text: with

text: I

text: 'm

text: John

text: Kerry

text: and

text: I

text: 'm

text: reporting

text: for

text: duty

text: He

text: later

text: delivered

text: what

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: speech

text: 's

text: most

text: memorable

text: line

text: when

text: he

text: said

text: the

text: future

text: does

text: n't

text: belong

text: to

text: fear

text: it

text: belongs

text: to

text: freedom

text: a

text: quote

text: that

text: later

text: appeared

text: in

text: a

text: Kerry

text: Edwards

text: television

text: advertisement

question: Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President?

answer: John Edwards

text: John Edwards

question: How many candidates did John Kerry name as potential prospects to be his running mate?

answer: three

text: three

question: What was the Kerry/Edwards slogan that was released prior to the start of the convention in Boston?

answer: "stronger at home and more respected in the world."

text: "stronger at home and more respected in the world."

question: Which part of Kerry's Boston speech made reference to his military experience?

answer: "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty."

text: "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty."

question: Which famous line from Kerry's speech was later featured in one of his later television ad campaigns?

answer: "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom"

text: "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom"

question: On what date did Tom Vilsack choose John Edwards as his running mate?

text: July 6

question: In what city did Tom Vilsack speak at the DNC?

text: Boston

question: What other two candidates did Tom Vilsack have on his list for possible running mates?

text: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt

question: What was the slogan for Vilsack/Edwards at the DNC?

question: What did Vilsack mention that the future belonged to in his famous quote?

text: freedom


text: Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe, even tried to prevent Britain's domination in India. Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power. The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship, being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace. Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: Many

text: middle

text: and

text: small

text: powers

text: in

text: Europe

text: unlike

text: in

text: the

text: previous

text: wars

text: tried

text: to

text: steer

text: clear

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: escalating

text: conflict

text: even

text: though

text: they

text: had

text: interests

text: in

text: the

text: conflict

text: or

text: with

text: the

text: belligerents

text: like

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: The

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: long

text: time

text: British

text: ally

text: kept

text: its

text: neutrality

text: intact

text: fearing

text: the

text: odds

text: against

text: Britain

text: and

text: Prussia

text: fighting

text: the

text: great

text: powers

text: of

text: Europe

text: even

text: tried

text: to

text: prevent

text: Britain

text: 's

text: domination

text: in

text: India

text: Naples

text: Sicily

text: and

text: Savoy

text: although

text: sided

text: with

text: Franco

text: Spanish

text: party

text: declined

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: coalition

text: under

text: the

text: fear

text: of

text: British

text: power

text: The

text: taxation

text: needed

text: for

text: war

text: caused

text: the

text: Russian

text: people

text: considerable

text: hardship

text: being

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: taxation

text: of

text: salt

text: and

text: alcohol

text: begun

text: by

text: Empress

text: Elizabeth

text: in

text: to

text: complete

text: her

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Winter

text: Palace

text: Like

text: Sweden

text: Russia

text: concluded

text: a

text: separate

text: peace

text: with

text: Prussia

question: Why did Denmark-Norway remain neutral rather than assisting its longtime ally, Britain?

answer: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe

text: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe

question: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?

answer: the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.

text: the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.

question: Why did Naples remain neutral?

answer: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power

text: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power

question: Who would Sicily and Savoy normally align with?

answer: Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party

text: Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party


text: Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: "In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state."

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: metaphor

text: of

text: a

text: wall

text: of

text: separation

text: has

text: been

text: cited

text: repeatedly

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: In

text: Reynolds

text: v.

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Court

text: wrote

text: that

text: Jefferson

text: 's

text: comments

text: may

text: be

text: accepted

text: almost

text: as

text: an

text: authoritative

text: declaration

text: of

text: the

text: scope

text: and

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Amendment

text: In

text: Everson

text: v.

text: Board

text: of

text: Education

text: Justice

text: Hugo

text: Black

text: wrote

text: In

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: the

text: clause

text: against

text: establishment

text: of

text: religion

text: by

text: law

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: erect

text: a

text: wall

text: of

text: separation

text: between

text: church

text: and

text: state

question: Who made a metaphor about a wall of separation?

answer: Jefferson

text: Jefferson

question: What has the U.S. Supreme Court repeatedly cited?

answer: metaphor

text: metaphor

question: When was the case of Reynolds v. United States?

answer: 1879

question: What did the Court write about Jefferson's comments as it related to the scope and effect of the First Amendment?

answer: authoritative declaration

text: authoritative declaration

question: What was the clause against establishment of religion by law intended to erect?

answer: a wall of separation between church and state

text: a wall of separation between church and state

question: Who refused a metaphor about a wall of separation?

text: Jefferson's

question: What has the U.S. Supreme Court repeatedly denied?

text: metaphor

question: When was the case of Reynolds v. UN?

question: What did the Court write about Jefferson's comments as it related to the scope and effect of the Third Amendment?

text: authoritative declaration

question: What was the clause against establishment of non-religion by law intended to erect?


text: The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) has defined a list of 82 "official" Alpine summits that reach at least 4,000 m (13,123 ft). The list includes not only mountains, but also subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives. Below are listed the 22 "four-thousanders" with at least 500 m (1,640 ft) of prominence.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: Union

text: Internationale

text: des

text: Associations

text: d'Alpinisme

text: UIAA

text: has

text: defined

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: official

text: Alpine

text: summits

text: that

text: reach

text: at

text: least

text: m

text: ft

text: The

text: list

text: includes

text: not

text: only

text: mountains

text: but

text: also

text: subpeaks

text: with

text: little

text: prominence

text: that

text: are

text: considered

text: important

text: mountaineering

text: objectives

text: Below

text: are

text: listed

text: the

text: four

text: thousanders

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: m

text: ft

text: of

text: prominence

question: What group defined a list of 82 official Apline summits that reach 4,000m?

answer: Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA)

text: Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA)

question: What is included in the list of 82 official Apline summits other than Mountains?

answer: subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives

text: subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives

question: The list of twenty two summits has summits with at least how much prominence?

answer: 500 m (1,640 ft)

text: 500 m (1,640 ft)


text: From 1955 until 1997 Sichuan had been China's most populous province, hitting 100 million mark shortly after the 1982 census figure of 99,730,000. This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality. The new municipality was formed to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces, as well as to coordinate the resettlement of residents from the reservoir areas of the Three Gorges Dam project.

title: Sichuan

title: Sichuan

text: From

text: until

text: Sichuan

text: had

text: been

text: China

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: hitting

text: million

text: mark

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: census

text: figure

text: of

text: This

text: changed

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Sub

text: provincial

text: city

text: of

text: Chongqing

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: three

text: surrounding

text: prefectures

text: of

text: Fuling

text: Wanxian

text: and

text: Qianjiang

text: were

text: split

text: off

text: into

text: the

text: new

text: Chongqing

text: Municipality

text: The

text: new

text: municipality

text: was

text: formed

text: to

text: spearhead

text: China

text: 's

text: effort

text: to

text: economically

text: develop

text: its

text: western

text: provinces

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: coordinate

text: the

text: resettlement

text: of

text: residents

text: from

text: the

text: reservoir

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Gorges

text: Dam

text: project

question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1997?

answer: Sichuan

text: Sichuan

question: Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1997?

answer: Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.

text: Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.

question: Why was the Chongqing Municipality formed?

answer: to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces

text: to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces

question: Why did China need to resettle people into Chongqing?

answer: the Three Gorges Dam project.

text: the Three Gorges Dam project.

question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1982?

answer: 99,730,000

question: During what period was Sichuan China's most sparsley populated area?

text: 1955 until 1997

question: What provinces where combined in 1997?

question: Who was trying to develop its eastern provinces?

text: China

question: Why were some municipalities eliminated?

question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1955?

text: Sichuan

question: Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1955?

question: Why was the Quianjiang Municipality formed?

question: Why did China need to resettle people into Gorges?

text: the Three Gorges Dam project

question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1955?


text: Modern electrification systems take AC energy from a power grid which is delivered to a locomotive and converted to a DC voltage to be used by traction motors. These motors may either be DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors which require further conversion of the DC to 3-phase AC (using power electronics). Thus both systems are faced with the same task: converting and transporting high-voltage AC from the power grid to low-voltage DC in the locomotive. Where should this conversion take place and at what voltage and current (AC or DC) should the power flow to the locomotive? And how does all this relate to energy-efficiency? Both the transmission and conversion of electric energy involve losses: ohmic losses in wires and power electronics, magnetic field losses in transformers and smoothing reactors (inductors). Power conversion for a DC system takes place mainly in a railway substation where large, heavy, and more efficient hardware can be used as compared to an AC system where conversion takes place aboard the locomotive where space is limited and losses are significantly higher. Also, the energy used to blow air to cool transformers, power electronics (including rectifiers), and other conversion hardware must be accounted for.

title: Railway_electrification_system

title: Railway_electrification_system

text: Modern

text: electrification

text: systems

text: take

text: AC

text: energy

text: from

text: a

text: power

text: grid

text: which

text: is

text: delivered

text: to

text: a

text: locomotive

text: and

text: converted

text: to

text: a

text: DC

text: voltage

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: traction

text: motors

text: These

text: motors

text: may

text: either

text: be

text: DC

text: motors

text: which

text: directly

text: use

text: the

text: DC

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: AC

text: motors

text: which

text: require

text: further

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: DC

text: to

text: AC

text: using

text: power

text: electronics

text: Thus

text: both

text: systems

text: are

text: faced

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: task

text: converting

text: and

text: transporting

text: high

text: voltage

text: AC

text: from

text: the

text: power

text: grid

text: to

text: low

text: voltage

text: DC

text: in

text: the

text: locomotive

text: Where

text: should

text: this

text: conversion

text: take

text: place

text: and

text: at

text: what

text: voltage

text: and

text: current

text: AC

text: or

text: DC

text: should

text: the

text: power

text: flow

text: to

text: the

text: locomotive

text: And

text: how

text: does

text: all

text: this

text: relate

text: to

text: energy

text: efficiency

text: Both

text: the

text: transmission

text: and

text: conversion

text: of

text: electric

text: energy

text: involve

text: losses

text: ohmic

text: losses

text: in

text: wires

text: and

text: power

text: electronics

text: magnetic

text: field

text: losses

text: in

text: transformers

text: and

text: smoothing

text: reactors

text: inductors

text: Power

text: conversion

text: for

text: a

text: DC

text: system

text: takes

text: place

text: mainly

text: in

text: a

text: railway

text: substation

text: where

text: large

text: heavy

text: and

text: more

text: efficient

text: hardware

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: an

text: AC

text: system

text: where

text: conversion

text: takes

text: place

text: aboard

text: the

text: locomotive

text: where

text: space

text: is

text: limited

text: and

text: losses

text: are

text: significantly

text: higher

text: Also

text: the

text: energy

text: used

text: to

text: blow

text: air

text: to

text: cool

text: transformers

text: power

text: electronics

text: including

text: rectifiers

text: and

text: other

text: conversion

text: hardware

text: must

text: be

text: accounted

text: for

question: What nowdays electrification systems can use?

answer: DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors

text: DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors

question: What is the main action AC and DC systems have to deal with?

answer: converting and transporting

text: converting and transporting

question: What type of losses happen during conversion and transmission in wires and electronics?

answer: ohmic losses

text: ohmic losses

question: What kind of losses take place in transformers and inductors during conversion/transmission process?

answer: magnetic field losses

text: magnetic field losses

question: Modern electrification systems take DC energy from what?

text: a power grid

question: 4-phase AC motors require further what?

text: conversion of the DC to 3-phase AC

question: What doesn't involve losses?

question: Power conversion for an AC system takes place mainly in a what?

text: railway substation

question: The energy used to blow air to heat transformers must be what?

text: accounted for


text: The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: actual

text: substance

text: of

text: English

text: law

text: was

text: formally

text: received

text: into

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: several

text: ways

text: First

text: all

text: U.S.

text: states

text: except

text: Louisiana

text: have

text: enacted

text: reception

text: statutes

text: which

text: generally

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: common

text: law

text: of

text: England

text: particularly

text: judge

text: made

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: repugnant

text: to

text: domestic

text: law

text: or

text: indigenous

text: conditions

text: Some

text: reception

text: statutes

text: impose

text: a

text: specific

text: cutoff

text: date

text: for

text: reception

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: a

text: colony

text: 's

text: founding

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: deliberately

text: vague

text: Thus

text: contemporary

text: U.S.

text: courts

text: often

text: cite

text: pre

text: Revolution

text: cases

text: when

text: discussing

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: an

text: ancient

text: judge

text: made

text: common

text: law

text: principle

text: into

text: its

text: modern

text: form

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: heightened

text: duty

text: of

text: care

text: traditionally

text: imposed

text: upon

text: common

text: carriers

question: Reception statues are generally the same as what law?

answer: the common law of England

text: the common law of England

question: Who sites pre-revolution cases when discussion evolution of judge-made law?

answer: contemporary U.S. courts

text: contemporary U.S. courts

question: Which US State did not  enact reception statues?

answer: Louisiana

text: Louisiana

question: What is the only state to not enact reception statutes?

answer: Louisiana

text: Louisiana

question: What do reception statutes state is the law of the state?

answer: common law of England

text: common law of England

question: Some reception statutes impose what?

answer: a specific cutoff date

text: a specific cutoff date

question: Modern courts often cite which period in history cases when discussing changes in law?

answer: pre-Revolution

text: pre-Revolution

question: What are reception statutes?

answer: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state

text: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state

question: When are reception statutes invaild?

answer: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions

text: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions

question: Where did the bulk of the US's starting laws come from?

answer: English law

text: English law

question: Which is the only stste without reception statutes?

answer: Louisiana

text: Louisiana

question: What kind of case would a contemporary lawyer discuss when talking about an ancient judge-made common law principle?

answer: pre-Revolution

text: pre-Revolution

question: What is the only US state to have a reception statute?

text: Louisiana

question: What form of English law has been considered repugnant to the US?

text: judge-made

question: What specific date did Louisiana chose as a cutoff date?

text: the date of a colony's founding

question: What cases have contemporary courts thrown out?

text: pre-Revolution

question: Lowered duty of care is placed on what?

text: common carriers


text: The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province). In Ambato, the festivities are called Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas (Festival of the Flowers and Fruits). Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province). In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, Taita Carnival is always an indigenous Cañari. Recently a celebration has gained prominence in the northern part of the Sierra in the Chota Valley in Imbabura which is a zone of a strong afro-Ecuadorian population and so the Carnival is celebrated with bomba del chota music.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: The

text: most

text: famed

text: Carnival

text: festivities

text: are

text: in

text: Guaranda

text: Bolivar

text: province

text: and

text: Ambato

text: Tungurahua

text: province

text: In

text: Ambato

text: the

text: festivities

text: are

text: called

text: Fiesta

text: de

text: las

text: Flores

text: y

text: las

text: Frutas

text: Festival

text: of

text: the

text: Flowers

text: and

text: Fruits

text: Other

text: cities

text: have

text: revived

text: Carnival

text: traditions

text: with

text: colorful

text: parades

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Azogues

text: Cañar

text: Province

text: In

text: Azogues

text: and

text: the

text: Southern

text: Andes

text: in

text: general

text: Taita

text: Carnival

text: is

text: always

text: an

text: indigenous

text: Cañari

text: Recently

text: a

text: celebration

text: has

text: gained

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Sierra

text: in

text: the

text: Chota

text: Valley

text: in

text: Imbabura

text: which

text: is

text: a

text: zone

text: of

text: a

text: strong

text: afro

text: Ecuadorian

text: population

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: Carnival

text: is

text: celebrated

text: with

text: bomba

text: del

text: chota

text: music

question: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?

answer: Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province

text: Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province

question: What are the festivities known as in Ambato?

answer: Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas

text: Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas

question: Where has a celebration recently gained acclaim?

answer: Imbabura

text: Imbabura

question: What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley?

answer: afro-Ecuadorian

text: afro-Ecuadorian

question: What music is the Carnival celebrated with in the Chota Valley?

answer: bomba del chota

text: bomba del chota


text: There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. The "Ocean to City" race has been held annually since 2005, and attracts teams and boats from local and visiting clubs who row the 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Crosshaven into Cork city centre. The decision to move the National Rowing Center to Inniscarra has boosted numbers involved in the sport.[citation needed] Cork's maritime sailing heritage is maintained through its sailing clubs. The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and "Cork Week" is a notable sailing event.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: There

text: are

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: watersports

text: in

text: Cork

text: including

text: rowing

text: and

text: sailing

text: There

text: are

text: five

text: rowing

text: clubs

text: training

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Lee

text: including

text: Shandon

text: BC

text: UCC

text: RC

text: Pres

text: RC

text: Lee

text: RC

text: and

text: Cork

text: BC

text: Naomhóga

text: Chorcaí

text: is

text: a

text: rowing

text: club

text: whose

text: members

text: row

text: traditional

text: naomhóga

text: on

text: the

text: Lee

text: in

text: occasional

text: competitions

text: The

text: Ocean

text: to

text: City

text: race

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: and

text: attracts

text: teams

text: and

text: boats

text: from

text: local

text: and

text: visiting

text: clubs

text: who

text: row

text: the

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: Crosshaven

text: into

text: Cork

text: city

text: centre

text: The

text: decision

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: National

text: Rowing

text: Center

text: to

text: Inniscarra

text: has

text: boosted

text: numbers

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: sport.[citation

text: needed

text: Cork

text: 's

text: maritime

text: sailing

text: heritage

text: is

text: maintained

text: through

text: its

text: sailing

text: clubs

text: The

text: Royal

text: Cork

text: Yacht

text: Club

text: located

text: in

text: Crosshaven

text: outside

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: yacht

text: club

text: and

text: Cork

text: Week

text: is

text: a

text: notable

text: sailing

text: event

question: What kinds of sea faring sports are available in Cork?

answer: rowing and sailing

text: rowing and sailing

question: How many rowing clubs are in Cork?

answer: five

text: five

question: Where is the world's oldest yahct club?

answer: The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven

text: The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven

question: What is one of the more popular sailing events in Cork?

answer: Cork Week

text: Cork Week

question: What annual rowing event has been happening in Cork since 2005?

answer: Ocean to City

text: Ocean to City

question: What watersports are available in Ireland?

text: rowing and sailing.

question: What race was held until 2005

text: The "Ocean to City"

question: What has reduced numbers involved rowing?

question: How long has The Royal Cork Yacht Club trained on the Lee?

text: since 2005

question: What did moving Shandon BC to Crosshaven help improve?

text: numbers involved in the sport

question: What city is Naomhoga Chorcai located in?

text: in Crosshaven

question: What title does Naomhoga Chorcai hold as the oldest?

text: the world's oldest yacht club

question: What city has Cork Week been moved to since 2005?

text: Inniscarra


text: The Kalahari Desert, an arid region shared with South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features. The Kalahari, while popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas. One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; Approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo. The reason behind this high productivity and endemism may be the relatively stable nature of precipitation.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: The

text: Kalahari

text: Desert

text: an

text: arid

text: region

text: shared

text: with

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: Botswana

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: well

text: known

text: geographical

text: features

text: The

text: Kalahari

text: while

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: desert

text: has

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: localised

text: environments

text: including

text: some

text: verdant

text: and

text: technically

text: non

text: desert

text: areas

text: One

text: of

text: these

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Succulent

text: Karoo

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: over

text: species

text: of

text: plants

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: them

text: endemic

text: Approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: succulents

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Karoo

text: The

text: reason

text: behind

text: this

text: high

text: productivity

text: and

text: endemism

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: relatively

text: stable

text: nature

text: of

text: precipitation

question: What Desert is shared between South Africa and Botswana?

answer: Kalahari Desert

text: Kalahari Desert

question: How many plants species are found in Succulent Karoo?

answer: 5,000

question: How many plants are endemic to the Succulent Karoo?

answer: half

text: half

question: How many of the worlds succulents are found in Karoo?

answer: 10 percent

text: 10 percent

question: What is probably the reason there are so many unique plants in Karoo?

answer: stable nature of precipitation

text: stable nature of precipitation

question: What country lies to the east of Namibia?

text: Botswana

question: How many species of plants are there in the Kalahari Desert?

question: What percentage of the world's succulents are found in all of the Kalahari Desert?

text: Approximately 10 percent

question: What country lies north of Namibia?

text: South Africa

question: What country lies south of Namibia?

text: Botswana


text: Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests "that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of the destruction of the First Temple, 2,500 years ago ... flourished during the Roman Empire but then went through a 'severe bottleneck' as they dispersed, reducing a population of several million to just 400 families who left Northern Italy around the year 1000 for Central and eventually Eastern Europe."

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

title: Ashkenazi_Jews

text: Although

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: in

text: general

text: were

text: present

text: across

text: a

text: wide

text: geographical

text: area

text: as

text: described

text: genetic

text: research

text: done

text: by

text: Gil

text: Atzmon

text: of

text: the

text: Longevity

text: Genes

text: Project

text: at

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: College

text: of

text: Medicine

text: suggests

text: that

text: Ashkenazim

text: branched

text: off

text: from

text: other

text: Jews

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Temple

text: years

text: ago

text: flourished

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: but

text: then

text: went

text: through

text: a

text: severe

text: bottleneck

text: as

text: they

text: dispersed

text: reducing

text: a

text: population

text: of

text: several

text: million

text: to

text: just

text: families

text: who

text: left

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: around

text: the

text: year

text: for

text: Central

text: and

text: eventually

text: Eastern

text: Europe

question: Researcher Gil Atzmon suggests that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of what?

answer: the destruction of the First Temple

text: the destruction of the First Temple

question: The destruction of the First Temple was how many years ago?

answer: 2,500 years ago

text: 2,500 years ago

question: It is estimated that 400 families left Northern Italy around what year?

answer: 1000

question: Ashkenazi families that left Northern Italy went where?

answer: Central and eventually Eastern Europe

text: Central and eventually Eastern Europe


text: Pope John XXIII did not live to see the Vatican Council to completion. He died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, four and a half years after his election and two months after the completion of his final and famed encyclical, Pacem in terris. He was buried in the Vatican grottoes beneath Saint Peter's Basilica on 6 June 1963 and his cause for canonization was opened on 18 November 1965 by his successor, Pope Paul VI, who declared him a Servant of God. In addition to being named Venerable on 20 December 1999, he was beatified on 3 September 2000 by Pope John Paul II alongside Pope Pius IX and three others. Following his beatification, his body was moved on 3 June 2001 from its original place to the altar of Saint Jerome where it could be seen by the faithful. On 5 July 2013, Pope Francis – bypassing the traditionally required second miracle – declared John XXIII a saint, after unanimous agreement by a consistory, or meeting, of the College of Cardinals, based on the fact that he was considered to have lived a virtuous, model lifestyle, and because of the good for the Church which had come from his having opened the Second Vatican Council. He was canonised alongside Pope Saint John Paul II on 27 April 2014. John XXIII today is affectionately known as the "Good Pope" and in Italian, "il Papa buono".

title: Pope_John_XXIII

title: Pope_John_XXIII

text: Pope

text: John

text: XXIII

text: did

text: not

text: live

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: to

text: completion

text: He

text: died

text: of

text: stomach

text: cancer

text: on

text: June

text: four

text: and

text: a

text: half

text: years

text: after

text: his

text: election

text: and

text: two

text: months

text: after

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: his

text: final

text: and

text: famed

text: encyclical

text: Pacem

text: in

text: terris

text: He

text: was

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: Vatican

text: grottoes

text: beneath

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: 's

text: Basilica

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: his

text: cause

text: for

text: canonization

text: was

text: opened

text: on

text: November

text: by

text: his

text: successor

text: Pope

text: Paul

text: VI

text: who

text: declared

text: him

text: a

text: Servant

text: of

text: God

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: being

text: named

text: Venerable

text: on

text: December

text: he

text: was

text: beatified

text: on

text: September

text: by

text: Pope

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: alongside

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IX

text: and

text: three

text: others

text: Following

text: his

text: beatification

text: his

text: body

text: was

text: moved

text: on

text: June

text: from

text: its

text: original

text: place

text: to

text: the

text: altar

text: of

text: Saint

text: Jerome

text: where

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: seen

text: by

text: the

text: faithful

text: On

text: July

text: Pope

text: Francis

text: bypassing

text: the

text: traditionally

text: required

text: second

text: miracle

text: declared

text: John

text: XXIII

text: a

text: saint

text: after

text: unanimous

text: agreement

text: by

text: a

text: consistory

text: or

text: meeting

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: Cardinals

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: a

text: virtuous

text: model

text: lifestyle

text: and

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: good

text: for

text: the

text: Church

text: which

text: had

text: come

text: from

text: his

text: having

text: opened

text: the

text: Second

text: Vatican

text: Council

text: He

text: was

text: canonised

text: alongside

text: Pope

text: Saint

text: John

text: Paul

text: II

text: on

text: April

text: John

text: XXIII

text: today

text: is

text: affectionately

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Good

text: Pope

text: and

text: in

text: Italian

text: il

text: Papa

text: buono

question: When did the pope die?

answer: 3 June 1963

text: 3 June 1963

question: What did the pope die of?

answer: stomach cancer

text: stomach cancer

question: Where was he buried?

answer: the Vatican grottoes beneath Saint Peter's Basilica

text: the Vatican grottoes beneath Saint Peter's Basilica

question: When was he beatified?

answer: 3 September 2000

text: 3 September 2000

question: He is still known today as what?

answer: the "Good Pope"

text: the "Good Pope"

question: When did Pope Francis die?

text: on 3 June 1963

question: How long after he was elected did Pope Francis die?

text: four and a half years

question: Where was Pope Francis buried?

question: What illness did Pope Francis die of?

text: stomach cancer

question: When was Pope Francis beatified?

text: on 3 September 2000


text: Executive authority is vested in the Queen, who is represented in the territory by the Governor of Saint Helena. As the Governor resides permanently in Saint Helena, an Administrator is appointed to represent the Governor in the islands. The Administrator is a career civil servant in the Foreign Office and is selected by London. Since 1998, each Administrator has served a single, three-year term (which begins in September, upon arrival of the supply ship from Cape Town.) The Administrator acts as the local head of government, and takes advice from the Tristan da Cunha Island Council. Alex Mitham was appointed Tristan da Cunha’s 22nd Administrator and arrived, with his wife Hasene, to take over from Sean Burns in September 2013. The Island Council is made up of eight elected and three appointed members, who serve a 3-year term which begins in February (or March).

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

title: Tristan_da_Cunha

text: Executive

text: authority

text: is

text: vested

text: in

text: the

text: Queen

text: who

text: is

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: territory

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: As

text: the

text: Governor

text: resides

text: permanently

text: in

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: an

text: Administrator

text: is

text: appointed

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: Governor

text: in

text: the

text: islands

text: The

text: Administrator

text: is

text: a

text: career

text: civil

text: servant

text: in

text: the

text: Foreign

text: Office

text: and

text: is

text: selected

text: by

text: London

text: Since

text: each

text: Administrator

text: has

text: served

text: a

text: single

text: three

text: year

text: term

text: which

text: begins

text: in

text: September

text: upon

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: supply

text: ship

text: from

text: Cape

text: Town

text: The

text: Administrator

text: acts

text: as

text: the

text: local

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: takes

text: advice

text: from

text: the

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: Island

text: Council

text: Alex

text: Mitham

text: was

text: appointed

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: ’s

text: Administrator

text: and

text: arrived

text: with

text: his

text: wife

text: Hasene

text: to

text: take

text: over

text: from

text: Sean

text: Burns

text: in

text: September

text: The

text: Island

text: Council

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: eight

text: elected

text: and

text: three

text: appointed

text: members

text: who

text: serve

text: a

text: term

text: which

text: begins

text: in

text: February

text: or

text: March

question: Who is the Governor of Saint Helena represented by?

text: the Queen

question: What is vested in executive authority?

text: the Queen

question: Where does the Queen permanently reside?

text: Saint Helena

question: Who was appointed Tristan da Cunha's 3-year Administrator?

text: Alex Mitham

question: When did Sean Burns arrive to takeover from Alex Mitham?

text: September 2013


text: Some devices, such as high-speed external disk drives, require more than 500 mA of current and therefore may have power issues if powered from just one USB 2.0 port: erratic function, failure to function, or overloading/damaging the port. Such devices may come with an external power source or a Y-shaped cable that has two USB connectors (one for power and data, the other for power only) to plug into a computer. With such a cable, a device can draw power from two USB ports simultaneously. However, USB compliance specification states that "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs) is prohibited on any USB peripheral", meaning that "if a USB peripheral requires more power than allowed by the USB specification to which it is designed, then it must be self-powered."

title: USB

title: USB

text: Some

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: high

text: speed

text: external

text: disk

text: drives

text: require

text: more

text: than

text: mA

text: of

text: current

text: and

text: therefore

text: may

text: have

text: power

text: issues

text: if

text: powered

text: from

text: just

text: one

text: USB

text: port

text: erratic

text: function

text: failure

text: to

text: function

text: or

text: overloading

text: damaging

text: the

text: port

text: Such

text: devices

text: may

text: come

text: with

text: an

text: external

text: power

text: source

text: or

text: a

text: Y

text: shaped

text: cable

text: that

text: has

text: two

text: USB

text: connectors

text: one

text: for

text: power

text: and

text: data

text: the

text: other

text: for

text: power

text: only

text: to

text: plug

text: into

text: a

text: computer

text: With

text: such

text: a

text: cable

text: a

text: device

text: can

text: draw

text: power

text: from

text: two

text: USB

text: ports

text: simultaneously

text: However

text: USB

text: compliance

text: specification

text: states

text: that

text: use

text: of

text: a

text: Y

text: cable

text: a

text: cable

text: with

text: two

text: A

text: plugs

text: is

text: prohibited

text: on

text: any

text: USB

text: peripheral

text: meaning

text: that

text: if

text: a

text: USB

text: peripheral

text: requires

text: more

text: power

text: than

text: allowed

text: by

text: the

text: USB

text: specification

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: designed

text: then

text: it

text: must

text: be

text: self

text: powered

question: What is an example of a device that requires more than 500 mA of current?

answer: high-speed external disk drives

text: high-speed external disk drives

question: What is an issue that may occur if a high-speed external disk drive is powered from just one USB 2.0 port.

answer: may have power issues

text: may have power issues

question: What does USB compliance specification prohibit?

answer: "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs)

text: "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs)


text: The phrase is usually used in local political debates, in polemic writing or in private conversations. It is rarely used by politicians themselves in a public context, although at certain times in Canadian history political parties have used other similarly loaded imagery. In the 1988 federal election, the Liberals asserted that the proposed Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada—notably, the party ran an ad in which Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists, upon the adoption of the agreement, slowly erased the Canada-U.S. border from a desktop map of North America. Within days, however, the PCs responded with an ad which featured the border being drawn back on with a permanent marker, as an announcer intoned "Here's where we draw the line."

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: The

text: phrase

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: in

text: local

text: political

text: debates

text: in

text: polemic

text: writing

text: or

text: in

text: private

text: conversations

text: It

text: is

text: rarely

text: used

text: by

text: politicians

text: themselves

text: in

text: a

text: public

text: context

text: although

text: at

text: certain

text: times

text: in

text: Canadian

text: history

text: political

text: parties

text: have

text: used

text: other

text: similarly

text: loaded

text: imagery

text: In

text: the

text: federal

text: election

text: the

text: Liberals

text: asserted

text: that

text: the

text: proposed

text: Free

text: Trade

text: Agreement

text: amounted

text: to

text: an

text: American

text: takeover

text: of

text: Canada

text: notably

text: the

text: party

text: ran

text: an

text: ad

text: in

text: which

text: Progressive

text: Conservative

text: PC

text: strategists

text: upon

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: agreement

text: slowly

text: erased

text: the

text: Canada

text: U.S.

text: border

text: from

text: a

text: desktop

text: map

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Within

text: days

text: however

text: the

text: PCs

text: responded

text: with

text: an

text: ad

text: which

text: featured

text: the

text: border

text: being

text: drawn

text: back

text: on

text: with

text: a

text: permanent

text: marker

text: as

text: an

text: announcer

text: intoned

text: Here

text: 's

text: where

text: we

text: draw

text: the

text: line

question: Who suggested that the Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada?

answer: Liberals

text: Liberals

question: When was this campaign ran?

answer: In the 1988 federal election

text: In the 1988 federal election

question: Who erased the border in the ad?

answer: Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists

text: Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists

question: What was the slogan of this ad?

answer: "Here's where we draw the line."

text: "Here's where we draw the line."

question: Who suggested that the Progressive Conservative amounted to an American takeover of Canada?

text: Liberals

question: When was the campaign to run ads of a map of Progressive Conservatives run?

text: In the 1988 federal election

question: Who erased the border in political parties?

question: What was the slogan of this takeover?

text: "Here's where we draw the line."

question: Who asserted that the proposed Canada-US border amounted to an American permanent marker?

text: Liberals


text: Public and private sector employment has, for the most part, been able to offer more for their employees than most nonprofit agencies throughout history. Either in the form of higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work, the public and private sector has enjoyed an advantage in attracting employees over NPOs. Traditionally, the NPO has attracted mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause. Compounding the issue is that some NPOs do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally. This leads many young and driven employees to forego NPOs in favor of more stable employment. Today however, Nonprofit organizations are adopting methods used by their competitors and finding new means to retain their employees and attract the best of the newly minted workforce.

title: Nonprofit_organization

title: Nonprofit_organization

text: Public

text: and

text: private

text: sector

text: employment

text: has

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: offer

text: more

text: for

text: their

text: employees

text: than

text: most

text: nonprofit

text: agencies

text: throughout

text: history

text: Either

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: higher

text: wages

text: more

text: comprehensive

text: benefit

text: packages

text: or

text: less

text: tedious

text: work

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: sector

text: has

text: enjoyed

text: an

text: advantage

text: in

text: attracting

text: employees

text: over

text: NPOs

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: NPO

text: has

text: attracted

text: mission

text: driven

text: individuals

text: who

text: want

text: to

text: assist

text: their

text: chosen

text: cause

text: Compounding

text: the

text: issue

text: is

text: that

text: some

text: NPOs

text: do

text: not

text: operate

text: in

text: a

text: manner

text: similar

text: to

text: most

text: businesses

text: or

text: only

text: seasonally

text: This

text: leads

text: many

text: young

text: and

text: driven

text: employees

text: to

text: forego

text: NPOs

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: more

text: stable

text: employment

text: Today

text: however

text: Nonprofit

text: organizations

text: are

text: adopting

text: methods

text: used

text: by

text: their

text: competitors

text: and

text: finding

text: new

text: means

text: to

text: retain

text: their

text: employees

text: and

text: attract

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: minted

text: workforce

question: What can the public and private sector offer employers that NPOs usually cannot?

answer: higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work

text: higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work

question: What types of employees do NPOs usually attract?

answer: mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause

text: mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause

question: What is something that causes a huge problem with employment in NPOs?

answer: do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally

text: do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally

question: Where are young grads looking for that NPOs?

answer: more stable employment

text: more stable employment

question: What do NPO's have to offer employees that is better than the public sector?

question: What have NPO's enjoyed an advantage in over the public and private sector?

text: attracting employees

question: What kind of employee does the private sector attract?

question: What are operational issues that the private sector has that hurts hiring?

question: Where to many young employees choose to look for instead of private employment?

text: more stable employment


text: In 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial activity involving asphalt/bitumen, which had uses beyond paving. For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century. On the London stockmarket, there were various claims as to the exclusivity of asphalt quality from France, Germany and England. And numerous patents were granted in France, with similar numbers of patent applications being denied in England due to their similarity to each other. In England, "Claridge's was the type most used in the 1840s and 50s"

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: In

text: there

text: was

text: a

text: flurry

text: of

text: entrepreneurial

text: activity

text: involving

text: asphalt

text: bitumen

text: which

text: had

text: uses

text: beyond

text: paving

text: For

text: example

text: asphalt

text: could

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: flooring

text: damp

text: proofing

text: in

text: buildings

text: and

text: for

text: waterproofing

text: of

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: pools

text: and

text: baths

text: with

text: these

text: latter

text: themselves

text: proliferating

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: On

text: the

text: London

text: stockmarket

text: there

text: were

text: various

text: claims

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: exclusivity

text: of

text: asphalt

text: quality

text: from

text: France

text: Germany

text: and

text: England

text: And

text: numerous

text: patents

text: were

text: granted

text: in

text: France

text: with

text: similar

text: numbers

text: of

text: patent

text: applications

text: being

text: denied

text: in

text: England

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: similarity

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: In

text: England

text: Claridge

text: 's

text: was

text: the

text: type

text: most

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: and

question: In what year was asphalt used for uses aside from road paving?

answer: 1838

question: In what places were asphalt used as waterproofing?

answer: pools and baths

text: pools and baths

question: For what reason was asphalt used in the flooring of buildings?

answer: damp proofing

text: damp proofing

question: When was Claridge's asphalt the most often used?

answer: 1840s and 50s

text: 1840s and 50s

question: Many of what were granted in France, but denied in Britain?

answer: patents

text: patents

question: In what year was asphalt used for things other than bathing?

question: In what places were asphalt used as soundproofing?

text: pools and baths

question: Why was asphalt used in the flooring of patents?

text: damp proofing

question: What were often granted in Britain, but denied in France?

text: patents

question: What were often denied throughout France, Germany and England?

text: patent applications


text: Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil" and would "cause division". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased".

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

text: Doctrines

text: of

text: Jehovah

text: 's

text: Witnesses

text: are

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Governing

text: Body

text: The

text: religion

text: does

text: not

text: tolerate

text: dissent

text: over

text: doctrines

text: and

text: practices

text: members

text: who

text: openly

text: disagree

text: with

text: the

text: religion

text: 's

text: teachings

text: are

text: expelled

text: and

text: shunned

text: Witness

text: publications

text: strongly

text: discourage

text: followers

text: from

text: questioning

text: doctrine

text: and

text: counsel

text: received

text: from

text: the

text: Governing

text: Body

text: reasoning

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: trusted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: organization

text: It

text: also

text: warns

text: members

text: to

text: avoid

text: independent

text: thinking

text: claiming

text: such

text: thinking

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: Satan

text: the

text: Devil

text: and

text: would

text: cause

text: division

text: Those

text: who

text: openly

text: disagree

text: with

text: official

text: teachings

text: are

text: condemned

text: as

text: apostates

text: who

text: are

text: mentally

text: diseased

question: Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses?

answer: the Governing Body

text: the Governing Body

question: What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?

answer: dissent

text: dissent

question: What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings?

answer: expelled and shunned

text: expelled and shunned

question: Why should the counsel received from the Governing Body be trusted?

answer: part of "God's organization"

text: part of "God's organization"

question: Who do Jehovah's Witnesses believe introduced independent thinking?

answer: Satan the Devil

text: Satan the Devil

question: What religion accommodates members who question its teachings?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What religion encourages its adherents to think critically?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What religion treats those who want to engage in independent thinking in a loving way?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses

question: What religion wouldn't think of expelling someone merely because they have questions about what the church teaches?

text: Jehovah's Witnesses


text: Relatively insensitive film, with a correspondingly lower speed index, requires more exposure to light to produce the same image density as a more sensitive film, and is thus commonly termed a slow film. Highly sensitive films are correspondingly termed fast films. In both digital and film photography, the reduction of exposure corresponding to use of higher sensitivities generally leads to reduced image quality (via coarser film grain or higher image noise of other types). In short, the higher the sensitivity, the grainier the image will be. Ultimately sensitivity is limited by the quantum efficiency of the film or sensor.

title: Film_speed

title: Film_speed

text: Relatively

text: insensitive

text: film

text: with

text: a

text: correspondingly

text: lower

text: speed

text: index

text: requires

text: more

text: exposure

text: to

text: light

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: same

text: image

text: density

text: as

text: a

text: more

text: sensitive

text: film

text: and

text: is

text: thus

text: commonly

text: termed

text: a

text: slow

text: film

text: Highly

text: sensitive

text: films

text: are

text: correspondingly

text: termed

text: fast

text: films

text: In

text: both

text: digital

text: and

text: film

text: photography

text: the

text: reduction

text: of

text: exposure

text: corresponding

text: to

text: use

text: of

text: higher

text: sensitivities

text: generally

text: leads

text: to

text: reduced

text: image

text: quality

text: via

text: coarser

text: film

text: grain

text: or

text: higher

text: image

text: noise

text: of

text: other

text: types

text: In

text: short

text: the

text: higher

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: the

text: grainier

text: the

text: image

text: will

text: be

text: Ultimately

text: sensitivity

text: is

text: limited

text: by

text: the

text: quantum

text: efficiency

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: or

text: sensor

question: What does the film's quantum efficiency limit?

answer: sensitivity

text: sensitivity

question: What speed of film is produced by insensitive film?

answer: slow film

text: slow film

question: What leads to lower quality images?

answer: reduction of exposure

text: reduction of exposure

question: What types of film are considered fast films?

answer: Highly sensitive films

text: Highly sensitive films

question: What effect does highly sensitive film have on images?

answer: reduced image quality

text: reduced image quality

question: What does insensitive film with a faster speed index need?

text: more exposure to light

question: What does a sensitive film more of?

text: light

question: How is digital photography different from film?

question: Higher sensitivity leads to greater what?

text: image quality

question: What does a grainier image limit?

text: the quantum efficiency


text: Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the most prominent of which was their military practices. In 550 BCE, Mago I of Carthage began a series of military reforms which included copying the army of Timoleon, Tyrant of Syracuse. The core of Carthage's military was the Greek-style phalanx formed by citizen hoplite spearmen who had been conscripted into service, though their armies also included large numbers of mercenaries. After their defeat in the first Punic war, Carthage hired a Spartan mercenary captain, Xanthippus of Carthage to reform their military forces. Xanthippus reformed the Carthaginian military along Macedonian army lines.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Carthage

text: was

text: a

text: Phoenician

text: colony

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Tunisia

text: Carthaginian

text: culture

text: came

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Greeks

text: through

text: Punic

text: colonies

text: in

text: Sicily

text: and

text: through

text: their

text: widespread

text: Mediterranean

text: trade

text: network

text: While

text: the

text: Carthaginians

text: retained

text: their

text: Punic

text: culture

text: and

text: language

text: they

text: did

text: adopt

text: some

text: Hellenistic

text: ways

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: their

text: military

text: practices

text: In

text: BCE

text: Mago

text: I

text: of

text: Carthage

text: began

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: military

text: reforms

text: which

text: included

text: copying

text: the

text: army

text: of

text: Timoleon

text: Tyrant

text: of

text: Syracuse

text: The

text: core

text: of

text: Carthage

text: 's

text: military

text: was

text: the

text: Greek

text: style

text: phalanx

text: formed

text: by

text: citizen

text: hoplite

text: spearmen

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: conscripted

text: into

text: service

text: though

text: their

text: armies

text: also

text: included

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: mercenaries

text: After

text: their

text: defeat

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: Punic

text: war

text: Carthage

text: hired

text: a

text: Spartan

text: mercenary

text: captain

text: Xanthippus

text: of

text: Carthage

text: to

text: reform

text: their

text: military

text: forces

text: Xanthippus

text: reformed

text: the

text: Carthaginian

text: military

text: along

text: Macedonian

text: army

text: lines

question: Carthage was on the coast of what country?

answer: Tunisia

text: Tunisia

question: What Hellenistic practices heavily influenced Carthaginian culture?

answer: military

text: military

question: Who reformed the military in Carthage in 550 BCE?

answer: Mago I of Carthage

text: Mago I of Carthage

question: What Greek style was the core of Carthage's military?

answer: phalanx

text: phalanx

question: What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military?

answer: Xanthippus of Carthage

text: Xanthippus of Carthage


text: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play. The trio began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the pennant four times between 1906 and 1910, often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series.

title: Chicago_Cubs

title: Chicago_Cubs

text: Baseball

text: 's

text: Sad

text: Lexicon

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Tinker

text: to

text: Evers

text: to

text: Chance

text: after

text: its

text: refrain

text: is

text: a

text: baseball

text: poem

text: by

text: Franklin

text: Pierce

text: Adams

text: The

text: poem

text: is

text: presented

text: as

text: a

text: single

text: rueful

text: stanza

text: from

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: of

text: a

text: New

text: York

text: Giants

text: fan

text: seeing

text: the

text: talented

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: infield

text: of

text: shortstop

text: Joe

text: Tinker

text: second

text: baseman

text: Johnny

text: Evers

text: and

text: first

text: baseman

text: Frank

text: Chance

text: complete

text: a

text: double

text: play

text: The

text: trio

text: began

text: playing

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Cubs

text: in

text: and

text: formed

text: a

text: double

text: play

text: combination

text: that

text: lasted

text: through

text: April

text: The

text: Cubs

text: won

text: the

text: pennant

text: four

text: times

text: between

text: and

text: often

text: defeating

text: the

text: Giants

text: en

text: route

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Series

question: What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as?

answer: "Tinker to Evers to Chance"

text: "Tinker to Evers to Chance"

question: Who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon"?

answer: Franklin Pierce Adams

text: Franklin Pierce Adams

question: What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write?

answer: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon,

text: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon,


text: Hinduism is the religion of 79.8% of New Delhi's population. There are also communities of Muslims (12.9%), Sikhs (5.4%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.9%) in Delhi. Other religious groups (2.5%) include Parsis, Buddhists and Jews.

title: New_Delhi

title: New_Delhi

text: Hinduism

text: is

text: the

text: religion

text: of

text: of

text: New

text: Delhi

text: 's

text: population

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: communities

text: of

text: Muslims

text: Sikhs

text: Jains

text: and

text: Christians

text: in

text: Delhi

text: Other

text: religious

text: groups

text: include

text: Parsis

text: Buddhists

text: and

text: Jews

question: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Hindu?

answer: 79.8%

question: What is the most commonly practiced religion in New Delhi?

answer: Hinduism

text: Hinduism

question: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Muslim?

answer: 12.9%

question: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Sikh?

answer: 5.4%

question: What percentage of New Delhi's population is Christian?

answer: 0.9%


text: During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. By the start of the Devonian period (416 Ma), Gondwana was in more southern latitudes and the climate was cooler, though fossils of land plants are known from this time. Sand and silts were laid down in what is now the Ellsworth, Horlick and Pensacola Mountains. Glaciation began at the end of the Devonian period (360 Ma), as Gondwana became centered on the South Pole and the climate cooled, though flora remained. During the Permian period, the land became dominated by seed plants such as Glossopteris, a pteridosperm which grew in swamps. Over time these swamps became deposits of coal in the Transantarctic Mountains. Towards the end of the Permian period, continued warming led to a dry, hot climate over much of Gondwana.

title: Antarctica

title: Antarctica

text: During

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: period

text: Gondwana

text: had

text: a

text: mild

text: climate

text: West

text: Antarctica

text: was

text: partially

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: sandstones

text: limestones

text: and

text: shales

text: were

text: deposited

text: East

text: Antarctica

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: equator

text: where

text: sea

text: floor

text: invertebrates

text: and

text: trilobites

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: tropical

text: seas

text: By

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: period

text: Ma

text: Gondwana

text: was

text: in

text: more

text: southern

text: latitudes

text: and

text: the

text: climate

text: was

text: cooler

text: though

text: fossils

text: of

text: land

text: plants

text: are

text: known

text: from

text: this

text: time

text: Sand

text: and

text: silts

text: were

text: laid

text: down

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Ellsworth

text: Horlick

text: and

text: Pensacola

text: Mountains

text: Glaciation

text: began

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: period

text: Ma

text: as

text: Gondwana

text: became

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: and

text: the

text: climate

text: cooled

text: though

text: flora

text: remained

text: During

text: the

text: Permian

text: period

text: the

text: land

text: became

text: dominated

text: by

text: seed

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: Glossopteris

text: a

text: pteridosperm

text: which

text: grew

text: in

text: swamps

text: Over

text: time

text: these

text: swamps

text: became

text: deposits

text: of

text: coal

text: in

text: the

text: Transantarctic

text: Mountains

text: Towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Permian

text: period

text: continued

text: warming

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: dry

text: hot

text: climate

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: Gondwana

question: What type of climate did Gondwana have during the Cambrian period?

answer: mild

text: mild

question: In what hemisphere did west Antarctica share during the Cambrian?

answer: Northern

text: Northern

question: Where was east Antarctica during the Cambrian period?

answer: equator

text: equator

question: What was the climate of Gondwana at the beginning of the Devonian period?

answer: cooler

text: cooler

question: Where was Gondwana located by the end of the Devonian period?

answer: South Pole

text: South Pole

question: What part of Antarctica is currently in the Northern Hemispher?

text: West Antarctica

question: What was deposited in Western Antarctica while it was in the Southern Hemisphere

text: sandstones, limestones and shales

question: What life florishes in East Antarctica's tropical seas?

text: invertebrates and trilobites

question: What dominated the land during the Devion period?

text: seed plants

question: When did Antarctica develop a hot dry climate?

text: end of the Permian period

question: What had a mild climate during the Devonian period?

text: Gondwana

question: What started 461 Ma?

text: Devonian period

question: During the Devonian period, where was East Antarctica?

text: at the equator

question: What began 306 Ma?

text: Glaciation

question: What type of plants dominated the Devonian period?

text: seed plants


text: During the 1980s, audiences had an appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars. Schwarzenegger's roles reflected his sense of humor, separating him from more serious action hero films, such as the alternative universe poster for Terminator 2: Judgment Day starring Stallone in the comedy thriller Last Action Hero. He made a number of successful films, such as Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), and Red Heat (1988).

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: During

text: the

text: audiences

text: had

text: an

text: appetite

text: for

text: action

text: films

text: with

text: both

text: Schwarzenegger

text: and

text: Sylvester

text: Stallone

text: becoming

text: international

text: stars

text: Schwarzenegger

text: 's

text: roles

text: reflected

text: his

text: sense

text: of

text: humor

text: separating

text: him

text: from

text: more

text: serious

text: action

text: hero

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: alternative

text: universe

text: poster

text: for

text: Terminator

text: Judgment

text: Day

text: starring

text: Stallone

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: thriller

text: Last

text: Action

text: Hero

text: He

text: made

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: successful

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: Commando

text: Raw

text: Deal

text: The

text: Running

text: Man

text: Predator

text: and

text: Red

text: Heat

question: What other action star was an international hit in the 1980s?

answer: Sylvester Stallone

text: Sylvester Stallone

question: What year was Schwarzenegger's film The Running Man released?

answer: 1987


text: The streets in downtown Ann Arbor conform to a grid pattern, though this pattern is less common in the surrounding areas. Major roads branch out from the downtown district like spokes on a wheel to the highways surrounding the city. The city is belted by three freeways: I-94, which runs along the southern portion of the city; U.S. Highway 23 (US 23), which primarily runs along the eastern edge of Ann Arbor; and M-14, which runs along the northern edge of the city. Other nearby highways include US 12, M-17, and M-153. Several of the major surface arteries lead to the I-94/M-14 interchange in the west, US 23 in the east, and the city's southern areas. The city also has a system of bike routes and paths and includes the nearly complete Washtenaw County Border-to-Border Trail.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: The

text: streets

text: in

text: downtown

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: conform

text: to

text: a

text: grid

text: pattern

text: though

text: this

text: pattern

text: is

text: less

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: Major

text: roads

text: branch

text: out

text: from

text: the

text: downtown

text: district

text: like

text: spokes

text: on

text: a

text: wheel

text: to

text: the

text: highways

text: surrounding

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: belted

text: by

text: three

text: freeways

text: which

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: U.S.

text: Highway

text: US

text: which

text: primarily

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: edge

text: of

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: and

text: which

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Other

text: nearby

text: highways

text: include

text: US

text: and

text: Several

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: surface

text: arteries

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: interchange

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: US

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: southern

text: areas

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: has

text: a

text: system

text: of

text: bike

text: routes

text: and

text: paths

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: nearly

text: complete

text: Washtenaw

text: County

text: Border

text: to

text: Border

text: Trail

question: US Highway 32 runs along what edge of Ann Arbor?

text: eastern edge

question: M-41 runs along what edge of the city?

text: northern edge

question: What portion of the city does I-49 run along?

text: southern portion

question: Where is the I-49/M-14 interchange located?

text: west

question: What is the completed bike trail called?

text: Washtenaw County Border-to-Border Trail


text: In philosophy, emotions are studied in sub-fields such as ethics, the philosophy of art (for example, sensory–emotional values, and matters of taste and sentimentality), and the philosophy of music (see also Music and emotion). In history, scholars examine documents and other sources to interpret and analyze past activities; speculation on the emotional state of the authors of historical documents is one of the tools of interpretation. In literature and film-making, the expression of emotion is the cornerstone of genres such as drama, melodrama, and romance. In communication studies, scholars study the role that emotion plays in the dissemination of ideas and messages. Emotion is also studied in non-human animals in ethology, a branch of zoology which focuses on the scientific study of animal behavior. Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with strong ties to ecology and evolution. Ethologists often study one type of behavior (for example, aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.

title: Emotion

title: Emotion

text: In

text: philosophy

text: emotions

text: are

text: studied

text: in

text: sub

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: ethics

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: art

text: for

text: example

text: sensory

text: emotional

text: values

text: and

text: matters

text: of

text: taste

text: and

text: sentimentality

text: and

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: music

text: see

text: also

text: Music

text: and

text: emotion

text: In

text: history

text: scholars

text: examine

text: documents

text: and

text: other

text: sources

text: to

text: interpret

text: and

text: analyze

text: past

text: activities

text: speculation

text: on

text: the

text: emotional

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: authors

text: of

text: historical

text: documents

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tools

text: of

text: interpretation

text: In

text: literature

text: and

text: film

text: making

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: emotion

text: is

text: the

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: drama

text: melodrama

text: and

text: romance

text: In

text: communication

text: studies

text: scholars

text: study

text: the

text: role

text: that

text: emotion

text: plays

text: in

text: the

text: dissemination

text: of

text: ideas

text: and

text: messages

text: Emotion

text: is

text: also

text: studied

text: in

text: non

text: human

text: animals

text: in

text: ethology

text: a

text: branch

text: of

text: zoology

text: which

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: animal

text: behavior

text: Ethology

text: is

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: laboratory

text: and

text: field

text: science

text: with

text: strong

text: ties

text: to

text: ecology

text: and

text: evolution

text: Ethologists

text: often

text: study

text: one

text: type

text: of

text: behavior

text: for

text: example

text: aggression

text: in

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: unrelated

text: animals

question: Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy studies emotions?

answer: ethics

text: ethics

question: Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion play an important role?

answer: romance

text: romance

question: Of what discipline is ethology a branch?

answer: zoology

text: zoology

question: Along with laboratory work, what does an ethologist engage in?

answer: field science

text: field science

question: Along with evolution, what area of study is ethology tied to?

answer: ecology

text: ecology

question: Along with the philosophies of music and art, what field of philosophy doesn't study emotions?

text: ethics

question: Along with drama and melodrama, in what filmmaking genre does emotion not play an important role?

text: romance

question: Of what discipline is ethology not a branch?

text: zoology

question: Along with laboratory work, what doesn't an ethologist engage in?

text: field science


text: The doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus. This misunderstanding of the term immaculate conception is frequently met in the mass media. Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal conception herself but was the daughter of a human father and mother, traditionally known by the names of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. In 1677, the Holy See condemned the belief that Mary was virginally conceived, which had been a belief surfacing occasionally since the 4th century. The Church celebrates the Feast of the Immaculate Conception (when Mary was conceived free from original sin) on 8 December, exactly nine months before celebrating the Nativity of Mary. The feast of the Annunciation (which commemorates the virginal conception and the Incarnation of Jesus) is celebrated on 25 March, nine months before Christmas Day.

title: Immaculate_Conception

title: Immaculate_Conception

text: The

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: immaculate

text: conception

text: Mary

text: being

text: conceived

text: free

text: from

text: original

text: sin

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: her

text: virginal

text: conception

text: of

text: her

text: son

text: Jesus

text: This

text: misunderstanding

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: immaculate

text: conception

text: is

text: frequently

text: met

text: in

text: the

text: mass

text: media

text: Catholics

text: believe

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: not

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: a

text: virginal

text: conception

text: herself

text: but

text: was

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: a

text: human

text: father

text: and

text: mother

text: traditionally

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: Saint

text: Joachim

text: and

text: Saint

text: Anne

text: In

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: condemned

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: virginally

text: conceived

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: a

text: belief

text: surfacing

text: occasionally

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: Church

text: celebrates

text: the

text: Feast

text: of

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: when

text: Mary

text: was

text: conceived

text: free

text: from

text: original

text: sin

text: on

text: December

text: exactly

text: nine

text: months

text: before

text: celebrating

text: the

text: Nativity

text: of

text: Mary

text: The

text: feast

text: of

text: the

text: Annunciation

text: which

text: commemorates

text: the

text: virginal

text: conception

text: and

text: the

text: Incarnation

text: of

text: Jesus

text: is

text: celebrated

text: on

text: March

text: nine

text: months

text: before

text: Christmas

text: Day

question: Is the view of the impregnation of Mary's pregnancy the same as the one held for the birth of her first child ?

answer: doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus

text: doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with her virginal conception of her son Jesus

question: What is the view held at the Vatican regarding how Mary was actually given life into the world ?

answer: Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal conception herself but was the daughter of a human father and mother

text: Catholics believe that Mary was not the product of a virginal conception herself but was the daughter of a human father and mother

question: Who were the parents of Mary believed to be ?

answer: Saint Joachim and Saint Anne

text: Saint Joachim and Saint Anne

question: When were contradictory views to  the belief of Mary's parentage struck down ?

answer: 1677, the Holy See condemned the belief that Mary was virginally conceived,

text: 1677, the Holy See condemned the belief that Mary was virginally conceived,

question: When did these contradictory views start to emerge ?

answer: since the 4th century

text: since the 4th century

question: What other event is the immaculate conception similar to?

question: Who often makes a distinction between the conception of Jesus in the conception of Mary?

text: the mass media

question: Who believes that Mary is a product of a virginal conception?

text: Catholics

question: Who upheld the belief that Mary was virtually conceived in 1677?

text: the Holy See

question: On what date is the virginal conception of Mary celebrated?

text: 8 December,