text: Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure; it was contended that Congress had thereby unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers. While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between "important" subjects and mere details. Marshall wrote that "a general provision may be made, and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details."

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: Where

text: Congress

text: does

text: not

text: make

text: great

text: and

text: sweeping

text: delegations

text: of

text: its

text: authority

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: been

text: less

text: stringent

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: cases

text: involving

text: the

text: exact

text: limits

text: of

text: non

text: delegation

text: was

text: Wayman

text: v.

text: Southard

text: U.S.

text: Wet

text: Congress

text: had

text: delegated

text: to

text: the

text: courts

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: prescribe

text: judicial

text: procedure

text: it

text: was

text: contended

text: that

text: Congress

text: had

text: thereby

text: unconstitutionally

text: clothed

text: the

text: judiciary

text: with

text: legislative

text: powers

text: While

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: John

text: Marshall

text: conceded

text: that

text: the

text: determination

text: of

text: rules

text: of

text: procedure

text: was

text: a

text: legislative

text: function

text: he

text: distinguished

text: between

text: important

text: subjects

text: and

text: mere

text: details

text: Marshall

text: wrote

text: that

text: a

text: general

text: provision

text: may

text: be

text: made

text: and

text: power

text: given

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: to

text: act

text: under

text: such

text: general

text: provisions

text: to

text: fill

text: up

text: the

text: details

question: What was one of the first times the Supreme Court tried a case regarding nondelegation?

answer: Wayman v. Southard

text: Wayman v. Southard

question: In what year was Wayman v. Southard tried by the U.S. Supreme Court?

answer: 1825

question: Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when Wayman v. Southard reached the Supreme Court?

answer: John Marshall

text: John Marshall

question: In Wayman v. Southard, what branch was accused of being given lawmaking abilities by Congress?

answer: the judiciary

text: the judiciary

question: What is the name of the 1825 case where the supreme court held that congress could delegate their responsibilities to the court?

answer: Wayman v. Southard

text: Wayman v. Southard

question: Who was chief justice of the supreme court under the Wayman v. Southard ruling?

answer: John Marshall

text: John Marshall

question: Where has the Supreme Court been known to be more stringent towards Congress?

question: What is one of the most recent races regarding limits of non delegation?

text: Wayman v. Southard

question: When did the Supreme Court hear John Marshall v Southard?

question: Which case was heard by Congress in regards to non delegation limits?

text: Wayman v. Southard

question: When was the US Congress Court Wayman v. Southard heard?


text: Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

text: Since

text: in

text: the

text: colonies

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: under

text: the

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

text: and

text: the

text: current

text: United

text: States

text: an

text: estimated

text: juvenile

text: offenders

text: have

text: been

text: put

text: to

text: death

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: execution

text: of

text: a

text: prisoner

text: for

text: crimes

text: committed

text: as

text: a

text: juvenile

text: was

text: Thomas

text: Graunger

text: in

text: Twenty

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: executions

text: occurred

text: after

text: in

text: seven

text: states

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: slow

text: process

text: of

text: appeals

text: it

text: was

text: highly

text: unusual

text: for

text: a

text: condemned

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: under

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: execution

text: The

text: youngest

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: executed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: George

text: Stinney

text: who

text: was

text: electrocuted

text: in

text: South

text: Carolina

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: last

text: execution

text: of

text: a

text: juvenile

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: Leonard

text: Shockley

text: who

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: Maryland

text: gas

text: chamber

text: on

text: April

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: No

text: one

text: has

text: been

text: under

text: age

text: at

text: time

text: of

text: execution

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: Since

text: the

text: reinstatement

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: in

text: people

text: have

text: been

text: executed

text: for

text: crimes

text: committed

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Twenty

text: one

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: crime

text: The

text: last

text: person

text: to

text: be

text: executed

text: for

text: a

text: crime

text: committed

text: as

text: a

text: juvenile

text: was

text: Scott

text: Hain

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: Oklahoma

question: About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?

answer: 364

question: In what year was Thomas Graunger executed?

answer: 1642

question: Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles?

answer: Twenty-two

text: Twenty-two

question: How old was George Stinney when he was executed?

answer: 14

question: What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley?

answer: gas chamber

text: gas chamber

question: About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1842?

question: In what year was Thomas Graunger freed?

question: Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as adults?

text: Twenty-two

question: How old was George Stinney when he was freed?

question: What method was used to free Leonard Shockley?

text: gas chamber


text: The Archivist of the United States is the chief official overseeing the operation of the National Archives and Records Administration. The Archivist not only maintains the official documentation of the passage of amendments to the U.S. Constitution by state legislatures, but has the authority to declare when the constitutional threshold for passage has been reached, and therefore when an act has become an amendment.

title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration

text: The

text: Archivist

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: official

text: overseeing

text: the

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Archives

text: and

text: Records

text: Administration

text: The

text: Archivist

text: not

text: only

text: maintains

text: the

text: official

text: documentation

text: of

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: amendments

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Constitution

text: by

text: state

text: legislatures

text: but

text: has

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: declare

text: when

text: the

text: constitutional

text: threshold

text: for

text: passage

text: has

text: been

text: reached

text: and

text: therefore

text: when

text: an

text: act

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: amendment

question: What is the official that oversees the operation of NARA?

answer: The Archivist

text: The Archivist

question: What member of NARA has the ability to declare when the constitutional threshold of passage has ocurred?

answer: The Archivist

text: The Archivist

question: What do state legislatures oversee the operation of?

question: What kind of documentation is maintained by the state legislatures?

text: official

question: What authority do the state legislatures have?

question: What do state legislatures decide about acts?

text: when an act has become an amendment

question: What is the title used by state legislatures when overseeing  NARA?

text: chief official


text: On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extravehicular activity (EVA), also known as a spacewalk, while keeping the cabin pressurized so that the capsule's electronics wouldn't overheat. Leonov performed the first-ever EVA as part of the mission. A fatality was narrowly avoided when Leonov's spacesuit expanded in the vacuum of space, preventing him from re-entering the airlock. In order to overcome this, he had to partially depressurize his spacesuit to a potentially dangerous level. He succeeded in safely re-entering the ship, but he and Belyayev faced further challenges when the spacecraft's atmospheric controls flooded the cabin with 45% pure oxygen, which had to be lowered to acceptable levels before re-entry. The reentry involved two more challenges: an improperly timed retrorocket firing caused the Voskhod 2 to land 386 kilometers (240 mi) off its designated target area, the town of Perm; and the instrument compartment's failure to detach from the descent apparatus caused the spacecraft to become unstable during reentry.

title: Space_Race

title: Space_Race

text: On

text: March

text: about

text: a

text: week

text: before

text: the

text: first

text: American

text: piloted

text: Project

text: Gemini

text: space

text: flight

text: the

text: USSR

text: accelerated

text: the

text: competition

text: by

text: launching

text: the

text: two

text: cosmonaut

text: Voskhod

text: mission

text: with

text: Pavel

text: Belyayev

text: and

text: Alexey

text: Leonov

text: Voskhod

text: 's

text: design

text: modifications

text: included

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: an

text: inflatable

text: airlock

text: to

text: allow

text: for

text: extravehicular

text: activity

text: EVA

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: spacewalk

text: while

text: keeping

text: the

text: cabin

text: pressurized

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: capsule

text: 's

text: electronics

text: would

text: n't

text: overheat

text: Leonov

text: performed

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: EVA

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: A

text: fatality

text: was

text: narrowly

text: avoided

text: when

text: Leonov

text: 's

text: spacesuit

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: vacuum

text: of

text: space

text: preventing

text: him

text: from

text: re

text: entering

text: the

text: airlock

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: overcome

text: this

text: he

text: had

text: to

text: partially

text: depressurize

text: his

text: spacesuit

text: to

text: a

text: potentially

text: dangerous

text: level

text: He

text: succeeded

text: in

text: safely

text: re

text: entering

text: the

text: ship

text: but

text: he

text: and

text: Belyayev

text: faced

text: further

text: challenges

text: when

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: 's

text: atmospheric

text: controls

text: flooded

text: the

text: cabin

text: with

text: pure

text: oxygen

text: which

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: lowered

text: to

text: acceptable

text: levels

text: before

text: re

text: entry

text: The

text: reentry

text: involved

text: two

text: more

text: challenges

text: an

text: improperly

text: timed

text: retrorocket

text: firing

text: caused

text: the

text: Voskhod

text: to

text: land

text: kilometers

text: mi

text: off

text: its

text: designated

text: target

text: area

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Perm

text: and

text: the

text: instrument

text: compartment

text: 's

text: failure

text: to

text: detach

text: from

text: the

text: descent

text: apparatus

text: caused

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: to

text: become

text: unstable

text: during

text: reentry

question: The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?

answer: March 18, 1965

text: March 18, 1965

question: Who was the first person to take a spacewalk?

answer: Alexey Leonov

text: Alexey Leonov

question: Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed?

answer: Alexey Leonov

text: Alexey Leonov


text: On October 7, 2003, the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the Yes vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat Cruz Bustamante, fellow Republican Tom McClintock, and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received 31% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the California Constitution, no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the second foreign-born governor of California after Irish-born Governor John G. Downey in 1862.

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: recall

text: election

text: resulted

text: in

text: Governor

text: Gray

text: Davis

text: being

text: removed

text: from

text: office

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: Yes

text: vote

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: a

text: recall

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: elected

text: Governor

text: of

text: California

text: under

text: the

text: second

text: question

text: on

text: the

text: ballot

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: to

text: choose

text: a

text: successor

text: to

text: Davis

text: Schwarzenegger

text: defeated

text: Democrat

text: Cruz

text: Bustamante

text: fellow

text: Republican

text: Tom

text: McClintock

text: and

text: others

text: His

text: nearest

text: rival

text: Bustamante

text: received

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: In

text: total

text: Schwarzenegger

text: won

text: the

text: election

text: by

text: about

text: million

text: votes

text: Under

text: the

text: regulations

text: of

text: the

text: California

text: Constitution

text: no

text: runoff

text: election

text: was

text: required

text: Schwarzenegger

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: foreign

text: born

text: governor

text: of

text: California

text: after

text: Irish

text: born

text: Governor

text: John

text: G.

text: Downey

text: in

question: What percentage of the October 2003 vote was in favor of a recall?

answer: 55.4%

question: Who was Schwarzenegger's closest rival in the gubernatorial race of 2003?

answer: Cruz Bustamante

text: Cruz Bustamante

question: By about what number of votes did Schwarzenegger win the 2003 recall election in California?

answer: 1.3 million

text: 1.3 million

question: What percentage of the vote did Schwarzenegger's opponent Bustamante receive?

answer: 31%

question: Who was the first governor of California who had been born in a foreign country?

answer: John G. Downey

text: John G. Downey


text: YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in September 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day. The site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. According to data published by market research company comScore, YouTube is the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of around 43% and more than 14 billion views of videos in May 2010.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: YouTube

text: offered

text: the

text: public

text: a

text: beta

text: test

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: in

text: May

text: The

text: first

text: video

text: to

text: reach

text: one

text: million

text: views

text: was

text: a

text: Nike

text: advertisement

text: featuring

text: Ronaldinho

text: in

text: September

text: Following

text: a

text: million

text: investment

text: from

text: Sequoia

text: Capital

text: in

text: November

text: the

text: site

text: launched

text: officially

text: on

text: December

text: by

text: which

text: time

text: the

text: site

text: was

text: receiving

text: million

text: views

text: a

text: day

text: The

text: site

text: grew

text: rapidly

text: and

text: in

text: July

text: the

text: company

text: announced

text: that

text: more

text: than

text: new

text: videos

text: were

text: being

text: uploaded

text: every

text: day

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: site

text: was

text: receiving

text: million

text: video

text: views

text: per

text: day

text: According

text: to

text: data

text: published

text: by

text: market

text: research

text: company

text: comScore

text: YouTube

text: is

text: the

text: dominant

text: provider

text: of

text: online

text: video

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: a

text: market

text: share

text: of

text: around

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: views

text: of

text: videos

text: in

text: May

question: when was the first beta test for the youtube site?

answer: May 2005

text: May 2005

question: What was the first video to reach a million views?

answer: a Nike advertisement

text: a Nike advertisement

question: How much did Sequoia Capital invest in youtube in November of 2005?

answer: $3.5 million

text: $3.5 million

question: What was the official launch date for the youtube website?

answer: December 15, 2005

text: December 15, 2005

question: As of May 2010 how many total video views had youtube attained?

answer: 14 billion

text: 14 billion

question: What happened in March 2005?

text: public a beta test

question: What was the second video to reach a million views?

text: Nike advertisement

question: What hockey star was in the Nike advertisement?

text: Ronaldinho

question: What ad first aired in August 2005?

text: Nike

question: What happened on December 25, 2005?

text: site launched

question: What type of public test was offered in May 2006?

text: beta test of the site

question: What video first reached one million views in July 2005?

text: Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho

question: What happened on December 15, 2006?

text: the site launched officially

question: How many videos were being uploaded every day by July 2010?

question: What company has a market share of 14%?

text: YouTube


text: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and inadequate film accessories. During the 1920s and 1930s, many Burmese-owned film companies made and produced several films. The first Burmese sound film was produced in 1932 in Bombay, India with the title Ngwe Pay Lo Ma Ya (Money Can't Buy It). After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes. Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: first

text: film

text: was

text: a

text: documentary

text: of

text: the

text: funeral

text: of

text: Tun

text: Shein

text: a

text: leading

text: politician

text: of

text: the

text: who

text: campaigned

text: for

text: Burmese

text: independence

text: in

text: London

text: The

text: first

text: Burmese

text: silent

text: film

text: Myitta

text: Ne

text: Thuya

text: Love

text: and

text: Liquor

text: in

text: which

text: proved

text: a

text: major

text: success

text: despite

text: its

text: poor

text: quality

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: fixed

text: camera

text: position

text: and

text: inadequate

text: film

text: accessories

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: many

text: Burmese

text: owned

text: film

text: companies

text: made

text: and

text: produced

text: several

text: films

text: The

text: first

text: Burmese

text: sound

text: film

text: was

text: produced

text: in

text: in

text: Bombay

text: India

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: Ngwe

text: Pay

text: Lo

text: Ma

text: Ya

text: Money

text: Ca

text: n't

text: Buy

text: It

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Burmese

text: cinema

text: continued

text: to

text: address

text: political

text: themes

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: films

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Cold

text: War

text: era

text: had

text: a

text: strong

text: propaganda

text: element

text: to

text: them

question: What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ?

answer: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein

text: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein

question: Why was this film relevant enough to be the first ?

answer: Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London.

text: Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London.

question: Before the advent of talking pictures, what was the name of the first movie in Myanmar and when was it 's debut ?

answer: first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920

text: first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920

question: Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ?

answer: After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes

text: After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes

question: Where any of the Burmese films ever used as an instrument to influence the people ?

answer: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.

text: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.


text: Slow progress has led to frustration, expressed by executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria – Mark Dybul: "we have the tools to end TB as a pandemic and public health threat on the planet, but we are not doing it." Several international organizations are pushing for more transparency in treatment, and more countries are implementing mandatory reporting of cases to the government, although adherence is often sketchy. Commercial treatment-providers may at times overprescribe second-line drugs as well as supplementary treatment, promoting demands for further regulations. The government of Brazil provides universal TB-care, which reduces this problem. Conversely, falling rates of TB-infection may not relate to the number of programs directed at reducing infection rates, but may be tied to increased level of education, income and health of the population. Costs of the disease, as calculated by the World Bank in 2009 may exceed 150 billion USD per year in "high burden" countries. Lack of progress eradicating the disease may also be due to lack of patient follow-up – as among the 250M rural migrants in China.

title: Tuberculosis

title: Tuberculosis

text: Slow

text: progress

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: frustration

text: expressed

text: by

text: executive

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Global

text: Fund

text: to

text: Fight

text: AIDS

text: Tuberculosis

text: and

text: Malaria

text: Mark

text: Dybul

text: we

text: have

text: the

text: tools

text: to

text: end

text: TB

text: as

text: a

text: pandemic

text: and

text: public

text: health

text: threat

text: on

text: the

text: planet

text: but

text: we

text: are

text: not

text: doing

text: it

text: Several

text: international

text: organizations

text: are

text: pushing

text: for

text: more

text: transparency

text: in

text: treatment

text: and

text: more

text: countries

text: are

text: implementing

text: mandatory

text: reporting

text: of

text: cases

text: to

text: the

text: government

text: although

text: adherence

text: is

text: often

text: sketchy

text: Commercial

text: treatment

text: providers

text: may

text: at

text: times

text: overprescribe

text: second

text: line

text: drugs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: supplementary

text: treatment

text: promoting

text: demands

text: for

text: further

text: regulations

text: The

text: government

text: of

text: Brazil

text: provides

text: universal

text: TB

text: care

text: which

text: reduces

text: this

text: problem

text: Conversely

text: falling

text: rates

text: of

text: TB

text: infection

text: may

text: not

text: relate

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: programs

text: directed

text: at

text: reducing

text: infection

text: rates

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: tied

text: to

text: increased

text: level

text: of

text: education

text: income

text: and

text: health

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Costs

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: as

text: calculated

text: by

text: the

text: World

text: Bank

text: in

text: may

text: exceed

text: billion

text: USD

text: per

text: year

text: in

text: high

text: burden

text: countries

text: Lack

text: of

text: progress

text: eradicating

text: the

text: disease

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: patient

text: follow

text: up

text: as

text: among

text: the

text: M

text: rural

text: migrants

text: in

text: China

question: What member of leadership at the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria called TB a "pandemic"?

answer: Mark Dybul

text: Mark Dybul

question: What country covers treatment for tuberculosis for its citizens?

answer: Brazil

text: Brazil

question: What organization said some countries might be spending as much as $150 billion each year on TB?

answer: World Bank

text: World Bank

question: What population segment in China struggles to get follow-up care for TB infection?

answer: rural migrants

text: rural migrants

question: What do some people think we need more of to prevent for-profit providers of TB treatment from over-prescribing?

answer: regulations

text: regulations


text: It has pleased western historians to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire as though a stable and uncontested polity of that name once existed. The borders did expand and contract but they were always dynamic and always in "question" right from the beginning. The Ottoman Empire was created from the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire on the occasion of the latter's violent demise. The last Roman emperor died fighting hand-to-hand in the streets of his capital, Constantinople, overwhelmed by the Ottoman military, in May, 1453. The victors inherited his remaining territory in the Balkans.

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: It

text: has

text: pleased

text: western

text: historians

text: to

text: write

text: of

text: a

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: as

text: though

text: a

text: stable

text: and

text: uncontested

text: polity

text: of

text: that

text: name

text: once

text: existed

text: The

text: borders

text: did

text: expand

text: and

text: contract

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: always

text: dynamic

text: and

text: always

text: in

text: question

text: right

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: was

text: created

text: from

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: on

text: the

text: occasion

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: violent

text: demise

text: The

text: last

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: died

text: fighting

text: hand

text: to

text: hand

text: in

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: his

text: capital

text: Constantinople

text: overwhelmed

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: military

text: in

text: May

text: The

text: victors

text: inherited

text: his

text: remaining

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

question: What has pleased western historians?

answer: to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire

text: to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire

question: What was always in question from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire?

answer: The borders

text: The borders

question: What was the Ottoman Empire created from?

answer: the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire

text: the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire

question: How did the last Roman emperor die?

answer: fighting hand-to-hand in the streets

text: fighting hand-to-hand in the streets

question: Where was the Roman emperor's capital?

answer: Constantinople

text: Constantinople


text: In the late 1130s, Arnold of Brescia, an Italian canon regular became one of the first theologians to attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. After his death, his teachings on apostolic poverty gained currency among Arnoldists, and later more widely among Waldensians and the Spiritual Franciscans, though no written word of his has survived the official condemnation. In the early 1170s, Peter Waldo founded the Waldensians. He advocated an interpretation of the Gospel that led to conflicts with the Roman Catholic Church. By 1215, the Waldensians were declared heretical and subject to persecution. Despite that, the movement continues to exist to this day in Italy, as a part of the wider Reformed tradition.

title: Protestantism

title: Protestantism

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Arnold

text: of

text: Brescia

text: an

text: Italian

text: canon

text: regular

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: theologians

text: to

text: attempt

text: to

text: reform

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: After

text: his

text: death

text: his

text: teachings

text: on

text: apostolic

text: poverty

text: gained

text: currency

text: among

text: Arnoldists

text: and

text: later

text: more

text: widely

text: among

text: Waldensians

text: and

text: the

text: Spiritual

text: Franciscans

text: though

text: no

text: written

text: word

text: of

text: his

text: has

text: survived

text: the

text: official

text: condemnation

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Peter

text: Waldo

text: founded

text: the

text: Waldensians

text: He

text: advocated

text: an

text: interpretation

text: of

text: the

text: Gospel

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: conflicts

text: with

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: By

text: the

text: Waldensians

text: were

text: declared

text: heretical

text: and

text: subject

text: to

text: persecution

text: Despite

text: that

text: the

text: movement

text: continues

text: to

text: exist

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Reformed

text: tradition

question: Who was one of the first to try to reform the Catholic Church?

answer: Arnold of Brescia

text: Arnold of Brescia

question: When were the Waldensians created?

answer: the early 1170s

text: the early 1170s

question: In what year were the Waldensians labeled as heretics?

answer: 1215

question: Where does the Waldensian movement still exist currently?

answer: Italy

text: Italy

question: What teachings originated with Arnold of Brescia?

answer: apostolic poverty

text: apostolic poverty


text: Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme Court, including by the U.S. government, have argued that some state constitutional amendments relating to the modern conception of separation of church and state (Blaine Amendments) were motivated by and intended to enact anti-Catholicism.

title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States

text: Critics

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: argue

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: untethered

text: to

text: anything

text: in

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: constitution

text: and

text: is

text: contrary

text: to

text: the

text: conception

text: of

text: the

text: phrase

text: as

text: the

text: Founding

text: Fathers

text: understood

text: it

text: Philip

text: Hamburger

text: Columbia

text: Law

text: school

text: professor

text: and

text: prominent

text: critic

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: maintains

text: that

text: the

text: modern

text: concept

text: which

text: deviates

text: from

text: the

text: constitutional

text: establishment

text: clause

text: jurisprudence

text: is

text: rooted

text: in

text: American

text: anti

text: Catholicism

text: and

text: Nativism.[citation

text: needed

text: Briefs

text: before

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: including

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: some

text: state

text: constitutional

text: amendments

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: conception

text: of

text: separation

text: of

text: church

text: and

text: state

text: Blaine

text: Amendments

text: were

text: motivated

text: by

text: and

text: intended

text: to

text: enact

text: anti

text: Catholicism

question: What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's untethered to?

answer: anything in the text of the constitution

text: anything in the text of the constitution

question: What is the profession of Philip Hamburger?

answer: professor

text: professor

question: What school is Philip Hamburger associated with?

answer: Columbia Law school

text: Columbia Law school

question: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is rooted in?

answer: American anti-Catholicism

text: American anti-Catholicism

question: What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state known as?

answer: Blaine Amendments

text: Blaine Amendments

question: What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's tethered to?

question: What isn't the profession of Philip Hamburger?

text: professor

question: What school is Philip Hamburger disassociated with?

text: Columbia Law school

question: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is not rooted in?

text: American anti-Catholicism

question: What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state never known as?

text: Blaine Amendments


text: On election day (6 May 2010), The Sun urged its readers to vote for David Cameron's "modern and positive" Conservatives in order to save Britain from "disaster" which the paper thought the country would face if the Labour government was re-elected. The election ended in the first hung parliament after an election for 36 years, with the Tories gaining the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority. They finally came to power on 11 May when Gordon Brown stepped down as prime minister, paving the way for David Cameron to become prime minister by forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: election

text: day

text: May

text: The

text: Sun

text: urged

text: its

text: readers

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: David

text: Cameron

text: 's

text: modern

text: and

text: positive

text: Conservatives

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: save

text: Britain

text: from

text: disaster

text: which

text: the

text: paper

text: thought

text: the

text: country

text: would

text: face

text: if

text: the

text: Labour

text: government

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: The

text: election

text: ended

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: hung

text: parliament

text: after

text: an

text: election

text: for

text: years

text: with

text: the

text: Tories

text: gaining

text: the

text: most

text: seats

text: and

text: votes

text: but

text: being

text: seats

text: short

text: of

text: an

text: overall

text: majority

text: They

text: finally

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: on

text: May

text: when

text: Gordon

text: Brown

text: stepped

text: down

text: as

text: prime

text: minister

text: paving

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: David

text: Cameron

text: to

text: become

text: prime

text: minister

text: by

text: forming

text: a

text: coalition

text: with

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Democrats

question: Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election?

answer: David Cameron

text: David Cameron

question: What did The Sun fear would result from election of the Labour Party?

answer: disaster

text: disaster

question: What was the outcome of the general election?

answer: hung parliament

text: hung parliament

question: Which party came to power after the election?

answer: Tories

text: Tories

question: Who did David Cameron align with in order to become Prime Minister?

answer: Liberal Democrats

text: Liberal Democrats


text: Code 127 is officially named "delete" but the Teletype label was "rubout". Since the original standard did not give detailed interpretation for most control codes, interpretations of this code varied. The original Teletype meaning, and the intent of the standard, was to make it an ignored character, the same as NUL (all zeroes). This was useful specifically for paper tape, because punching the all-ones bit pattern on top of an existing mark would obliterate it. Tapes designed to be "hand edited" could even be produced with spaces of extra NULs (blank tape) so that a block of characters could be "rubbed out" and then replacements put into the empty space.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: Code

text: is

text: officially

text: named

text: delete

text: but

text: the

text: Teletype

text: label

text: was

text: rubout

text: Since

text: the

text: original

text: standard

text: did

text: not

text: give

text: detailed

text: interpretation

text: for

text: most

text: control

text: codes

text: interpretations

text: of

text: this

text: code

text: varied

text: The

text: original

text: Teletype

text: meaning

text: and

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: was

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: an

text: ignored

text: character

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: NUL

text: all

text: zeroes

text: This

text: was

text: useful

text: specifically

text: for

text: paper

text: tape

text: because

text: punching

text: the

text: all

text: ones

text: bit

text: pattern

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: an

text: existing

text: mark

text: would

text: obliterate

text: it

text: Tapes

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: hand

text: edited

text: could

text: even

text: be

text: produced

text: with

text: spaces

text: of

text: extra

text: NULs

text: blank

text: tape

text: so

text: that

text: a

text: block

text: of

text: characters

text: could

text: be

text: rubbed

text: out

text: and

text: then

text: replacements

text: put

text: into

text: the

text: empty

text: space

question: What is the official name of code 127?

answer: delete

text: delete

question: What was code 127 labeled as for the Teletype?

answer: rubout

text: rubout

question: Why did Teletype have the code for "rubout"?

answer: to make it an ignored character

text: to make it an ignored character

question: What is the official name of an existing mark?

text: delete

question: What was NUL named as for the Teletype?

text: rubout

question: Why did teletype have extra spaces for "rubout"?

text: to make it an ignored character

question: What happened to replacements of control codes?

text: put into the empty space

question: Why was standard code useful for paper tape?


text: Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert.

title: Egypt

title: Egypt

text: Most

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: rain

text: falls

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: months

text: South

text: of

text: Cairo

text: rainfall

text: averages

text: only

text: around

text: to

text: mm

text: to

text: in

text: per

text: year

text: and

text: at

text: intervals

text: of

text: many

text: years

text: On

text: a

text: very

text: thin

text: strip

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: the

text: rainfall

text: can

text: be

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: mm

text: in

text: mostly

text: between

text: October

text: and

text: March

text: Snow

text: falls

text: on

text: Sinai

text: 's

text: mountains

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: north

text: coastal

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Damietta

text: Baltim

text: Sidi

text: Barrany

text: etc

text: and

text: rarely

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: A

text: very

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: snow

text: fell

text: on

text: Cairo

text: on

text: December

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: Cairo

text: received

text: snowfall

text: in

text: many

text: decades

text: Frost

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: mid

text: Sinai

text: and

text: mid

text: Egypt

text: Egypt

text: is

text: the

text: driest

text: and

text: the

text: sunniest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: surface

text: is

text: desert

question: When does most of Egypts rain fall?

answer: winter months

text: winter months

question: Where does snow fall in Egypt?

answer: Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities

text: Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities

question: When was the last snow fall in Cairo?

answer: 13 December 2013,

text: 13 December 2013,

question: What is the sunniest county in the world?

answer: Egypt

text: Egypt


text: In the colonial years, while conditions were more fluid, white women, indentured servant or free, and African men, servant, slave or free, made unions. Because the women were free, their mixed-race children were born free; they and their descendants formed most of the families of free people of color during the colonial period in Virginia. The scholar Paul Heinegg found that eighty percent of the free people of color in North Carolina in censuses from 1790–1810 could be traced to families free in Virginia in colonial years.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: In

text: the

text: colonial

text: years

text: while

text: conditions

text: were

text: more

text: fluid

text: white

text: women

text: indentured

text: servant

text: or

text: free

text: and

text: African

text: men

text: servant

text: slave

text: or

text: free

text: made

text: unions

text: Because

text: the

text: women

text: were

text: free

text: their

text: mixed

text: race

text: children

text: were

text: born

text: free

text: they

text: and

text: their

text: descendants

text: formed

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: families

text: of

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: during

text: the

text: colonial

text: period

text: in

text: Virginia

text: The

text: scholar

text: Paul

text: Heinegg

text: found

text: that

text: eighty

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: free

text: people

text: of

text: color

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: in

text: censuses

text: from

text: could

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: families

text: free

text: in

text: Virginia

text: in

text: colonial

text: years

question: When could white women and black men be in a union?

answer: In the colonial years

text: In the colonial years

question: Where did 80% of free people of color in NC come from?

answer: Virginia in colonial years

text: Virginia in colonial years

question: What is Paul Heinegg?

answer: scholar

text: scholar

question: What censuses did he study?

answer: from 1790–1810

text: from 1790–1810

question: Who made unions with African women during the colonial years?

text: African men

question: What happened to mixed-race children from mothers who were enslaved?

text: born free

question: What can eighty percent of enslaved people of color in North Carolina be traced to?

text: Virginia in colonial years

question: What percentage of free people of color in Virginia can be traced to families in North Carolina?

text: eighty

question: Who made unions with African men after the colonial years?

text: white women


text: Notable athletes include swimmer Sharron Davies, diver Tom Daley, dancer Wayne Sleep, and footballer Trevor Francis. Other past residents include composer journalist and newspaper editor William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin, and journalist Angela Rippon and comedian Dawn French. Canadian politician and legal scholar Chris Axworthy hails from Plymouth. America based actor Donald Moffat, whose roles include American Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson in the film The Right Stuff, and fictional President Bennett in Clear and Present Danger, was born in Plymouth.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Notable

text: athletes

text: include

text: swimmer

text: Sharron

text: Davies

text: diver

text: Tom

text: Daley

text: dancer

text: Wayne

text: Sleep

text: and

text: footballer

text: Trevor

text: Francis

text: Other

text: past

text: residents

text: include

text: composer

text: journalist

text: and

text: newspaper

text: editor

text: William

text: Henry

text: Wills

text: Ron

text: Goodwin

text: and

text: journalist

text: Angela

text: Rippon

text: and

text: comedian

text: Dawn

text: French

text: Canadian

text: politician

text: and

text: legal

text: scholar

text: Chris

text: Axworthy

text: hails

text: from

text: Plymouth

text: America

text: based

text: actor

text: Donald

text: Moffat

text: whose

text: roles

text: include

text: American

text: Vice

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: B.

text: Johnson

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: Right

text: Stuff

text: and

text: fictional

text: President

text: Bennett

text: in

text: Clear

text: and

text: Present

text: Danger

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Plymouth

question: What is the occupation of Trevor Francis?

answer: footballer

text: footballer

question: What is the current nationality of former Plymouth resident Chris Axworthy?

answer: Canadian

text: Canadian

question: What United States vice president did Donald Moffat play?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: In what film did Donald Moffat play President Bennett?

answer: Clear and Present Danger

text: Clear and Present Danger

question: What is Dawn French's job?

answer: comedian

text: comedian


text: All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, respectively). At the earliest stages of brain development, the three areas are roughly equal in size. In many classes of vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, the three parts remain similar in size in the adult, but in mammals the forebrain becomes much larger than the other parts, and the midbrain becomes very small.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: All

text: vertebrate

text: brains

text: share

text: a

text: common

text: underlying

text: form

text: which

text: appears

text: most

text: clearly

text: during

text: early

text: stages

text: of

text: embryonic

text: development

text: In

text: its

text: earliest

text: form

text: the

text: brain

text: appears

text: as

text: three

text: swellings

text: at

text: the

text: front

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: neural

text: tube

text: these

text: swellings

text: eventually

text: become

text: the

text: forebrain

text: midbrain

text: and

text: hindbrain

text: the

text: prosencephalon

text: mesencephalon

text: and

text: rhombencephalon

text: respectively

text: At

text: the

text: earliest

text: stages

text: of

text: brain

text: development

text: the

text: three

text: areas

text: are

text: roughly

text: equal

text: in

text: size

text: In

text: many

text: classes

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: such

text: as

text: fish

text: and

text: amphibians

text: the

text: three

text: parts

text: remain

text: similar

text: in

text: size

text: in

text: the

text: adult

text: but

text: in

text: mammals

text: the

text: forebrain

text: becomes

text: much

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: other

text: parts

text: and

text: the

text: midbrain

text: becomes

text: very

text: small

question: The forebrain during development is known as what?

answer: prosencephalon

text: prosencephalon

question: The midbrain during development is known as what?

answer: mesencephalon

text: mesencephalon

question: The hindbrain during development is known as what?

answer: rhombencephalon

text: rhombencephalon

question: Which group of animals does the forebrain grow the largest?

answer: mammals

text: mammals

question: During development, the brain is made up of three swellings at the front of what?

answer: neural tube;

text: neural tube;


text: During the NES era, Nintendo maintained exclusive control over titles released for the system—the company had to approve every game, each third-party developer could only release up to five games per year (but some third parties got around this by using different names, for example Konami's "Ultra Games" brand), those games could not be released on another console within two years, and Nintendo was the exclusive manufacturer and supplier of NES cartridges. However, competition from Sega's console brought an end to this practice; in 1991, Acclaim began releasing games for both platforms, with most of Nintendo's other licensees following suit over the next several years; Capcom (which licensed some games to Sega instead of producing them directly) and Square were the most notable holdouts.

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: During

text: the

text: NES

text: era

text: Nintendo

text: maintained

text: exclusive

text: control

text: over

text: titles

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: system

text: the

text: company

text: had

text: to

text: approve

text: every

text: game

text: each

text: third

text: party

text: developer

text: could

text: only

text: release

text: up

text: to

text: five

text: games

text: per

text: year

text: but

text: some

text: third

text: parties

text: got

text: around

text: this

text: by

text: using

text: different

text: names

text: for

text: example

text: Konami

text: 's

text: Ultra

text: Games

text: brand

text: those

text: games

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: released

text: on

text: another

text: console

text: within

text: two

text: years

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: was

text: the

text: exclusive

text: manufacturer

text: and

text: supplier

text: of

text: NES

text: cartridges

text: However

text: competition

text: from

text: Sega

text: 's

text: console

text: brought

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: this

text: practice

text: in

text: Acclaim

text: began

text: releasing

text: games

text: for

text: both

text: platforms

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: other

text: licensees

text: following

text: suit

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: several

text: years

text: Capcom

text: which

text: licensed

text: some

text: games

text: to

text: Sega

text: instead

text: of

text: producing

text: them

text: directly

text: and

text: Square

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: holdouts

question: What was Nintendo's limit on games per developer per year on the NES?

answer: five

text: five

question: What alternate name did Konami use to get around Nintendo's yearly limit?

answer: Ultra Games

text: Ultra Games

question: For how many years did Nintendo require exclusivity on NES games?

answer: two

text: two

question: Which competitor caused Nintendo to end its restrictions on game developers?

answer: Sega

text: Sega

question: Which developer began releasing games for both NES and Sega in 1991?

answer: Acclaim

text: Acclaim

question: What kind of control did SEGA maintain during the NES era?

question: How many games were released per year by Square?

text: up to five

question: What practice did competition from Capcom end?

question: What did Nintendo do in 1991?

question: What did SEGA have to approve during the Konami era?

text: every game


text: Out of former Soviet Union republics Uzbekistan continued and expanded the program of child labour on industrial scale to increase profits on the main source of Islam Karimov's income, cotton harvesting. In September, when school normally starts, the classes are suspended and children are sent to cotton fields for work, where they are assigned daily quotas of 20 to 60 kg of raw cotton they have to collect. This process is repeated in spring, when collected cotton needs to be hoed and weeded. In 2006 it is estimated that 2.7 million children were forced to work this way.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: Out

text: of

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: republics

text: Uzbekistan

text: continued

text: and

text: expanded

text: the

text: program

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: on

text: industrial

text: scale

text: to

text: increase

text: profits

text: on

text: the

text: main

text: source

text: of

text: Islam

text: Karimov

text: 's

text: income

text: cotton

text: harvesting

text: In

text: September

text: when

text: school

text: normally

text: starts

text: the

text: classes

text: are

text: suspended

text: and

text: children

text: are

text: sent

text: to

text: cotton

text: fields

text: for

text: work

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: assigned

text: daily

text: quotas

text: of

text: to

text: kg

text: of

text: raw

text: cotton

text: they

text: have

text: to

text: collect

text: This

text: process

text: is

text: repeated

text: in

text: spring

text: when

text: collected

text: cotton

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: hoed

text: and

text: weeded

text: In

text: it

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: million

text: children

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: work

text: this

text: way

question: What former Soviet Union continued child labour programs?

answer: Uzbekistan

text: Uzbekistan

question: What was the main source of income for Islam Karimov?

answer: cotton harvesting

text: cotton harvesting

question: Did they have daily quotas for cotton?

answer: daily quotas of 20 to 60 kg of raw cotton

text: daily quotas of 20 to 60 kg of raw cotton

question: What are the 2016 estimates for child labour in regards to cotton picking?

answer: 2.7 million

text: 2.7 million


text: Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating to around the 8th century. Another contribution was the development of stone-paste ceramics, originating from 9th century Iraq. Other centers for innovative ceramic pottery in the Old world included Fustat (from 975 to 1075), Damascus (from 1100 to around 1600) and Tabriz (from 1470 to 1550).

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: glazed

text: ceramics

text: was

text: prevalent

text: in

text: Islamic

text: art

text: usually

text: assuming

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: elaborate

text: pottery

text: Tin

text: opacified

text: glazing

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: new

text: technologies

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Islamic

text: potters

text: The

text: first

text: Islamic

text: opaque

text: glazes

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: as

text: blue

text: painted

text: ware

text: in

text: Basra

text: dating

text: to

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: Another

text: contribution

text: was

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: stone

text: paste

text: ceramics

text: originating

text: from

text: century

text: Iraq

text: Other

text: centers

text: for

text: innovative

text: ceramic

text: pottery

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: world

text: included

text: Fustat

text: from

text: to

text: Damascus

text: from

text: to

text: around

text: and

text: Tabriz

text: from

text: to

question: What type of ceramic art was popular from the 8th to the 18th century in the art of Islam?

answer: glazed ceramics

text: glazed ceramics

question: Which ceramic glazing was developed by those potters which were Islamic?

answer: Tin-opacified glazing

text: Tin-opacified glazing

question: Where would one find the earliest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world?

answer: Basra

text: Basra

question: Around when were the first opaque glazes developed?

answer: 8th century

text: 8th century

question: Where were stone-paste ceramics invented?

answer: 9th century Iraq

text: 9th century Iraq

question: What was used in Islamic art from the 800's to the 1800's?

text: glazed ceramics

question: What is often formed into utilitarian pottery?

text: glazed ceramics

question: What ceramic glazing was adopted by islamic potters?

text: Tin-opacified glazing

question: Where can you find the latest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world?

text: Basra

question: What was a center for innovative ceramic pottery in the 14th and 15th century?

text: Tabriz


text: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to "...outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation".

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

title: Bras%C3%ADlia

text: The

text: Juscelino

text: Kubitschek

text: bridge

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: President

text: JK

text: Bridge

text: or

text: the

text: JK

text: Bridge

text: crosses

text: Lake

text: Paranoá

text: in

text: Brasília

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Juscelino

text: Kubitschek

text: de

text: Oliveira

text: former

text: president

text: of

text: Brazil

text: It

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: architect

text: Alexandre

text: Chan

text: and

text: structural

text: engineer

text: Mário

text: Vila

text: Verde

text: Chan

text: won

text: the

text: Gustav

text: Lindenthal

text: Medal

text: for

text: this

text: project

text: at

text: the

text: International

text: Bridge

text: Conference

text: in

text: Pittsburgh

text: due

text: to

text: outstanding

text: achievement

text: demonstrating

text: harmony

text: with

text: the

text: environment

text: aesthetic

text: merit

text: and

text: successful

text: community

text: participation

question: What is the JK Bridge a nickname for?

answer: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge

text: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge

question: What does the JK Bridge cross?

answer: Lake Paranoá

text: Lake Paranoá

question: Who was the JK Bridge named for?

answer: Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira

text: Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira

question: Who was de Oliveira?

answer: former president of Brazil

text: former president of Brazil

question: Who designed the JK Bridge?

answer: architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde

text: architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde

question: What did Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira design?

text: The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge

question: What was Alexandre Chan former president of?

text: Brazil

question: What did Mario Vila Verde win in 2003?

text: the Gustav Lindenthal Medal

question: What does the Mario Vila Verde bridge cross?

text: Lake Paranoá in Brasília

question: Where was the Gustav Lindenthal Conference located?

text: Pittsburgh


text: Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs.

title: Myocardial_infarction

title: Myocardial_infarction

text: Shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: occurs

text: when

text: the

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: limits

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: ventricle

text: causing

text: left

text: ventricular

text: failure

text: and

text: consequent

text: pulmonary

text: edema

text: Other

text: symptoms

text: include

text: diaphoresis

text: an

text: excessive

text: form

text: of

text: sweating

text: weakness

text: light

text: headedness

text: nausea

text: vomiting

text: and

text: palpitations

text: These

text: symptoms

text: are

text: likely

text: induced

text: by

text: a

text: massive

text: surge

text: of

text: catecholamines

text: from

text: the

text: sympathetic

text: nervous

text: system

text: which

text: occurs

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: pain

text: and

text: the

text: blood

text: flow

text: abnormalities

text: that

text: result

text: from

text: dysfunction

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: muscle

text: Loss

text: of

text: consciousness

text: due

text: to

text: inadequate

text: blood

text: flow

text: to

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: cardiogenic

text: shock

text: and

text: sudden

text: death

text: frequently

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: ventricular

text: fibrillation

text: can

text: occur

text: in

text: MIs

question: What is excessive weakness called?

text: diaphoresis

question: Diaphoresis causes a massive surge of what hormones?

text: catecholamines

question: Which nervous system is responsible for shortness of breath?

text: sympathetic

question: What is left ventricular failure called?

text: pulmonary edema

question: What kind of shock can cause sudden death?

text: cardiogenic


text: The Licchavi era was followed by the Malla era. Rulers from Tirhut, upon being attacked by Muslims, fled north to the Kathmandu valley. They intermarried with Nepali royalty, and this led to the Malla era. The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims. There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla. These disasters led to the destruction of most of the architecture of the Licchavi era (such as Mangriha and Kailashkut Bhawan), and the loss of literature collected in various monasteries within the city. Despite the initial hardships, Kathmandu rose to prominence again and, during most of the Malla era, dominated the trade between India and Tibet. Nepali currency became the standard currency in trans-Himalayan trade.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: Licchavi

text: era

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Malla

text: era

text: Rulers

text: from

text: Tirhut

text: upon

text: being

text: attacked

text: by

text: Muslims

text: fled

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: valley

text: They

text: intermarried

text: with

text: Nepali

text: royalty

text: and

text: this

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Malla

text: era

text: The

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Malla

text: era

text: were

text: turbulent

text: with

text: raids

text: and

text: attacks

text: from

text: Khas

text: and

text: Turk

text: Muslims

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: devastating

text: earthquake

text: which

text: claimed

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: a

text: third

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: 's

text: population

text: including

text: the

text: king

text: Abhaya

text: Malla

text: These

text: disasters

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: architecture

text: of

text: the

text: Licchavi

text: era

text: such

text: as

text: Mangriha

text: and

text: Kailashkut

text: Bhawan

text: and

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: literature

text: collected

text: in

text: various

text: monasteries

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: Despite

text: the

text: initial

text: hardships

text: Kathmandu

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: again

text: and

text: during

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Malla

text: era

text: dominated

text: the

text: trade

text: between

text: India

text: and

text: Tibet

text: Nepali

text: currency

text: became

text: the

text: standard

text: currency

text: in

text: trans

text: Himalayan

text: trade

question: Who ruled Nepal after the Licchavi?

answer: Malla

text: Malla

question: Along with Khas, who attacked Nepal in the early Malla period?

answer: Turk Muslims

text: Turk Muslims

question: What fraction of Kathmandu's population died in an ancient earthquake?

answer: third

text: third

question: Along with the Mangriha, what Licchavi-era building was destroyed in an ancient earthquake?

answer: Kailashkut Bhawan

text: Kailashkut Bhawan

question: What notable Nepali figure died in a Kathmandu earthquake?

answer: Abhaya Malla

text: Abhaya Malla


text: The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances behind the votes. and U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez, both of Puerto Rican ancestry, agreed with the The Hill 's statements. Shortly after the results were published Puerto Rico-born U.S. Congressman José Enrique Serrano commented "I was particularly impressed with the outcome of the 'status' referendum in Puerto Rico. A majority of those voting signaled the desire to change the current territorial status. In a second question an even larger majority asked to become a state. This is an earthquake in Puerto Rican politics. It will demand the attention of Congress, and a definitive answer to the Puerto Rican request for change. This is a history-making moment where voters asked to move forward."

title: 51st_state

title: 51st_state

text: The

text: Washington

text: Post

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: Herald

text: have

text: published

text: opinion

text: pieces

text: expressing

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: statehood

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: On

text: November

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: newspaper

text: The

text: Hill

text: published

text: an

text: article

text: saying

text: that

text: Congress

text: will

text: likely

text: ignore

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: referendum

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: circumstances

text: behind

text: the

text: votes

text: and

text: U.S.

text: Congressman

text: Luis

text: Gutiérrez

text: U.S.

text: Congresswoman

text: Nydia

text: Velázquez

text: both

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: ancestry

text: agreed

text: with

text: the

text: The

text: Hill

text: 's

text: statements

text: Shortly

text: after

text: the

text: results

text: were

text: published

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: born

text: U.S.

text: Congressman

text: José

text: Enrique

text: Serrano

text: commented

text: I

text: was

text: particularly

text: impressed

text: with

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: the

text: status

text: referendum

text: in

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: A

text: majority

text: of

text: those

text: voting

text: signaled

text: the

text: desire

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: current

text: territorial

text: status

text: In

text: a

text: second

text: question

text: an

text: even

text: larger

text: majority

text: asked

text: to

text: become

text: a

text: state

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: earthquake

text: in

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: politics

text: It

text: will

text: demand

text: the

text: attention

text: of

text: Congress

text: and

text: a

text: definitive

text: answer

text: to

text: the

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: request

text: for

text: change

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: history

text: making

text: moment

text: where

text: voters

text: asked

text: to

text: move

text: forward

question: What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Puerto Rico's statehood?

answer: The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald

text: The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald

question: What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Puerto Rico's referendum?

answer: The Hill

text: The Hill

question: When was that article published?

answer: November 8, 2012

text: November 8, 2012

question: What Congress members agreed with the Hill's assesment?

answer: U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez

text: U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez

question: What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Serrano's statehood?

question: What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Serrano's referendum?

text: The Hill

question: When was Velazquez's article published?

text: November 8, 2012

question: What Congress members agreed with Serrano's assessment?

question: Who published an article saying that Puerto Rico will likely ignore the results of the referendum?

text: The Hill


text: The Swiss Federal budget had a size of 62.8 billion Swiss francs in 2010, which is an equivalent 11.35% of the country's GDP in that year; however, the regional (canton) budgets and the budgets of the municipalities are not counted as part of the federal budget and the total rate of government spending is closer to 33.8% of GDP. The main sources of income for the federal government are the value-added tax (33%) and the direct federal tax (29%) and the main expenditure is located in the areas of social welfare and finance & tax. The expenditures of the Swiss Confederation have been growing from 7% of GDP in 1960 to 9.7% in 1990 and to 10.7% in 2010. While the sectors social welfare and finance & tax have been growing from 35% in 1990 to 48.2% in 2010, a significant reduction of expenditures has been occurring in the sectors of agriculture and national defense; from 26.5% in to 12.4% (estimation for the year 2015).

title: Switzerland

title: Switzerland

text: The

text: Swiss

text: Federal

text: budget

text: had

text: a

text: size

text: of

text: billion

text: Swiss

text: francs

text: in

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: GDP

text: in

text: that

text: year

text: however

text: the

text: regional

text: canton

text: budgets

text: and

text: the

text: budgets

text: of

text: the

text: municipalities

text: are

text: not

text: counted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: budget

text: and

text: the

text: total

text: rate

text: of

text: government

text: spending

text: is

text: closer

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text: The

text: main

text: sources

text: of

text: income

text: for

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: are

text: the

text: value

text: added

text: tax

text: and

text: the

text: direct

text: federal

text: tax

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: expenditure

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: social

text: welfare

text: and

text: finance

text: tax

text: The

text: expenditures

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: have

text: been

text: growing

text: from

text: of

text: GDP

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: and

text: to

text: in

text: While

text: the

text: sectors

text: social

text: welfare

text: and

text: finance

text: tax

text: have

text: been

text: growing

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: a

text: significant

text: reduction

text: of

text: expenditures

text: has

text: been

text: occurring

text: in

text: the

text: sectors

text: of

text: agriculture

text: and

text: national

text: defense

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: estimation

text: for

text: the

text: year

question: What size was the Swiss Federal budget in 2010?

answer: 62.8 billion Swiss francs

text: 62.8 billion Swiss francs

question: What are the two main sources of income for the federal government?

answer: value-added tax (33%) and the direct federal tax (29%)

text: value-added tax (33%) and the direct federal tax (29%)

question: Which sectors are the main source of expenditures for the federal government?

answer: social welfare and finance & tax

text: social welfare and finance & tax

question: Which sectors have experienced a reduction in federal government expenditures?

answer: agriculture and national defense

text: agriculture and national defense

question: How much were expenditures estimated to be cut in agriculture and national defense in 2015?

answer: from 26.5% in to 12.4%

text: from 26.5% in to 12.4%


text: The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera, although this is rare in the developed world. If blood is present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases, stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.

title: Diarrhea

title: Diarrhea

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: is

text: an

text: infection

text: of

text: the

text: intestines

text: due

text: to

text: either

text: a

text: virus

text: bacteria

text: or

text: parasite

text: a

text: condition

text: known

text: as

text: gastroenteritis

text: These

text: infections

text: are

text: often

text: acquired

text: from

text: food

text: or

text: water

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: contaminated

text: by

text: stool

text: or

text: directly

text: from

text: another

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: infected

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: types

text: short

text: duration

text: watery

text: diarrhea

text: short

text: duration

text: bloody

text: diarrhea

text: and

text: if

text: it

text: lasts

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: weeks

text: persistent

text: diarrhea

text: The

text: short

text: duration

text: watery

text: diarrhea

text: may

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: infection

text: by

text: cholera

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: rare

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: If

text: blood

text: is

text: present

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: dysentery

text: A

text: number

text: of

text: non

text: infectious

text: causes

text: may

text: also

text: result

text: in

text: diarrhea

text: including

text: hyperthyroidism

text: lactose

text: intolerance

text: inflammatory

text: bowel

text: disease

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: medications

text: and

text: irritable

text: bowel

text: syndrome

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: stool

text: cultures

text: are

text: not

text: required

text: to

text: confirm

text: the

text: exact

text: cause

question: What is the most common cause of diarrhea?

answer: an infection of the intestines

text: an infection of the intestines

question: What can cause an infection in the intestines?

answer: a virus, bacteria, or parasite

text: a virus, bacteria, or parasite

question: What are the three types of diarrhea?

answer: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea

text: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea

question: What is it known as if blood is present?

answer: dysentery

text: dysentery

question: What is the most common cause of cholera?

text: an infection of the intestines

question: What causes and infection by dysentery?

text: a virus, bacteria, or parasite

question: Name some examples of non-infectious causes of hyperthyroidism?

question: What are three types of inflammatory bowel disease?

question: What is acquired from food and water contaminated by cholera?

text: an infection


text: Despite its tropical wet and dry climate, extensive irrigation makes it a rich agricultural region. Its canal-irrigation system established by the British is the largest in the world. Wheat and cotton are the largest crops. Other crops include rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo. Livestock and poultry production are also important. Despite past animosities, the rural masses in Punjab's farms continue to use the Hindu calendar for planting and harvesting.

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

title: Punjab,_Pakistan

text: Despite

text: its

text: tropical

text: wet

text: and

text: dry

text: climate

text: extensive

text: irrigation

text: makes

text: it

text: a

text: rich

text: agricultural

text: region

text: Its

text: canal

text: irrigation

text: system

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Wheat

text: and

text: cotton

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: crops

text: Other

text: crops

text: include

text: rice

text: sugarcane

text: millet

text: corn

text: oilseeds

text: pulses

text: vegetables

text: and

text: fruits

text: such

text: as

text: kinoo

text: Livestock

text: and

text: poultry

text: production

text: are

text: also

text: important

text: Despite

text: past

text: animosities

text: the

text: rural

text: masses

text: in

text: Punjab

text: 's

text: farms

text: continue

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: Hindu

text: calendar

text: for

text: planting

text: and

text: harvesting

question: What kind of climate does Punjab have?

answer: tropical wet and dry

text: tropical wet and dry

question: Who built Punjab's irrigation system?

answer: the British

text: the British

question: What are Punjab's largest crops?

answer: Wheat and cotton

text: Wheat and cotton

question: What are Punjab's secondary crops?

answer: rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo

text: rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo

question: What calendar do Punjab's farmers use?

answer: the Hindu calendar

text: the Hindu calendar

question: What calendar do Punjab farms no longer use?

text: Hindu

question: Who did Punjab create an irrigation system for?

text: the British

question: Punjab has the largest crop of what in the world?

text: Wheat and cotton

question: What is the name of one of their vegetables?

text: kinoo

question: What aspects of Punjab's climate make it perfect for agriculture?

text: its tropical wet and dry climate


text: In November 2008, 720p HD support was added. At the time of the 720p launch, the YouTube player was changed from a 4:3 aspect ratio to a widescreen 16:9. With this new feature, YouTube began a switchover to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC as its default video compression format. In November 2009, 1080p HD support was added. In July 2010, YouTube announced that it had launched a range of videos in 4K format, which allows a resolution of up to 4096×3072 pixels. In June 2015, support for 8K resolution was added, with the videos playing at 7680×4320 pixels.

title: YouTube

title: YouTube

text: In

text: November

text: HD

text: support

text: was

text: added

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: launch

text: the

text: YouTube

text: player

text: was

text: changed

text: from

text: a

text: aspect

text: ratio

text: to

text: a

text: widescreen

text: With

text: this

text: new

text: feature

text: YouTube

text: began

text: a

text: switchover

text: to

text: AVC

text: as

text: its

text: default

text: video

text: compression

text: format

text: In

text: November

text: HD

text: support

text: was

text: added

text: In

text: July

text: YouTube

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: launched

text: a

text: range

text: of

text: videos

text: in

text: K

text: format

text: which

text: allows

text: a

text: resolution

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: pixels

text: In

text: June

text: support

text: for

text: K

text: resolution

text: was

text: added

text: with

text: the

text: videos

text: playing

text: at

text: pixels

question: When was 720p HD support added to youtube?

answer: In November 2008

text: In November 2008

question: What did youtube change its screen format to from 4:3?

answer: widescreen 16:9

text: widescreen 16:9

question: What video format support was added in 2009?

answer: 1080p HD

text: 1080p HD

question: What is the highest resolution of video supported by youtube?

answer: 8K resolution

text: 8K resolution

question: What is the name of the format that has dimensions of 4096×3072 pixels?

answer: 4K

question: What ratio was YouTube played changed to in July 2008?

question: When did YouTube begin a switchover to H.246/MPEG-4?

text: November 2008

question: What was added in July 2009?

text: 1080p HD support

question: What was added in November 2015?

text: support for 8K resolution was added


text: The Treaty of Versailles prevented Germany having AA weapons, and for example, the Krupps designers joined Bofors in Sweden. Some World War I guns were retained and some covert AA training started in the late 1920s. Germany introduced the 8.8 cm FlaK 18 in 1933, 36 and 37 models followed with various improvements but ballistic performance was unchanged. In the late 1930s the 10.5 cm FlaK 38 appeared soon followed by the 39, this was designed primarily for static sites but had a mobile mounting and the unit had 220v 24 kW generators. In 1938 design started on the 12.8 cm FlaK.

title: Anti-aircraft_warfare

title: Anti

title: aircraft_warfare

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: prevented

text: Germany

text: having

text: AA

text: weapons

text: and

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Krupps

text: designers

text: joined

text: Bofors

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Some

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: guns

text: were

text: retained

text: and

text: some

text: covert

text: AA

text: training

text: started

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Germany

text: introduced

text: the

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: in

text: and

text: models

text: followed

text: with

text: various

text: improvements

text: but

text: ballistic

text: performance

text: was

text: unchanged

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: the

text: cm

text: FlaK

text: appeared

text: soon

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: this

text: was

text: designed

text: primarily

text: for

text: static

text: sites

text: but

text: had

text: a

text: mobile

text: mounting

text: and

text: the

text: unit

text: had

text: kW

text: generators

text: In

text: design

text: started

text: on

text: the

text: cm

text: FlaK.

question: What treaty was supposed to stop Germany from having antiaircraft weapons?

answer: Treaty of Versailles

text: Treaty of Versailles

question: When did covert antiaircraft training start in Germany?

answer: in the late 1920s

text: in the late 1920s

question: When did the 10.5 centimeter FlaK 38 appear in Germany?

answer: In the late 1930s

text: In the late 1930s

question: When did the design begin for the 12.8 centimeter FlaK?

answer: 1938

question: What did the FlaK 39 have?

answer: 220v 24 kW generators

text: 220v 24 kW generators


text: Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed] The city, state and Yale together run Science Park, a large site three blocks northwest of Yale's Science Hill campus. This multi-block site, approximately bordered by Mansfield Street, Division Street, and Shelton Avenue, is the former home of Winchester's and Olin Corporation's 45 large-scale factory buildings. Currently, sections of the site are large-scale parking lots or abandoned structures, but there is also a large remodeled and functioning area of buildings (leased primarily by a private developer) with numerous Yale employees, financial service and biotech companies.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: Yale

text: and

text: New

text: Haven

text: are

text: working

text: to

text: build

text: a

text: medical

text: and

text: biotechnology

text: research

text: hub

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: Greater

text: New

text: Haven

text: region

text: and

text: are

text: succeeding

text: to

text: some

text: extent.[citation

text: needed

text: The

text: city

text: state

text: and

text: Yale

text: together

text: run

text: Science

text: Park

text: a

text: large

text: site

text: three

text: blocks

text: northwest

text: of

text: Yale

text: 's

text: Science

text: Hill

text: campus

text: This

text: multi

text: block

text: site

text: approximately

text: bordered

text: by

text: Mansfield

text: Street

text: Division

text: Street

text: and

text: Shelton

text: Avenue

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: home

text: of

text: Winchester

text: 's

text: and

text: Olin

text: Corporation

text: 's

text: large

text: scale

text: factory

text: buildings

text: Currently

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: are

text: large

text: scale

text: parking

text: lots

text: or

text: abandoned

text: structures

text: but

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: large

text: remodeled

text: and

text: functioning

text: area

text: of

text: buildings

text: leased

text: primarily

text: by

text: a

text: private

text: developer

text: with

text: numerous

text: Yale

text: employees

text: financial

text: service

text: and

text: biotech

text: companies

question: Yale and New Haven are conjointly attempting to build the area into a research hub for what two industries?

answer: medical and biotechnology

text: medical and biotechnology

question: What large site is run by Yale, in conjunction with New Haven and the state, situated three blocks away from Yale's Science hill campus?

answer: Science Park

text: Science Park

question: To what corporation did the multi-block site comprising Science Park formerly belong?

answer: Winchester's and Olin

text: Winchester's and Olin

question: In addition to Yale employees and financial services, companies in what industry can currently be found in the functioning areas Science Park?

answer: biotech

text: biotech

question: What is the name of the collaborated project between Yale University, Connecticut and New Haven city?

answer: Science Park

text: Science Park

question: The area of Science Park was originally filled with what?

answer: 45 large-scale factory buildings

text: 45 large-scale factory buildings

question: Although some of the Science Park area is used by multiple institutions and groups, what remains left over Winchester's and Olin company?

answer: parking lots or abandoned structures

text: parking lots or abandoned structures


text: Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as bootkits from infecting the device's boot process. Some pre-built devices may be described as "certified" by Microsoft; these must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature. ARM-based Windows RT devices must have secure boot permanently enabled.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Windows

text: supports

text: a

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: UEFI

text: specification

text: known

text: as

text: Secure

text: boot

text: which

text: uses

text: a

text: public

text: key

text: infrastructure

text: to

text: verify

text: the

text: integrity

text: of

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: and

text: prevent

text: unauthorized

text: programs

text: such

text: as

text: bootkits

text: from

text: infecting

text: the

text: device

text: 's

text: boot

text: process

text: Some

text: pre

text: built

text: devices

text: may

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: certified

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: these

text: must

text: have

text: secure

text: boot

text: enabled

text: by

text: default

text: and

text: provide

text: ways

text: for

text: users

text: to

text: disable

text: or

text: re

text: configure

text: the

text: feature

text: ARM

text: based

text: Windows

text: RT

text: devices

text: must

text: have

text: secure

text: boot

text: permanently

text: enabled

question: How does secure boot help avert boot process infections?

answer: uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system

text: uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system

question: What requirements do Microsoft certified devices have?

answer: must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature

text: must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature

question: What must always be enable in ARM-based Windows RT devices?

answer: secure boot

text: secure boot

question: How doesn't secure boot help avert boot process infections?

question: How does insecure boot help avert boot process infections?

question: What requirements don't Microsoft certified devices have?

question: What requirements do Microsoft uncertified devices have?

question: What must always be enable in ARM-based Windows TR devices?

text: secure boot


text: From its base in India, the Company had also been engaged in an increasingly profitable opium export trade to China since the 1730s. This trade, illegal since it was outlawed by the Qing dynasty in 1729, helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea, which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China. In 1839, the confiscation by the Chinese authorities at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium led Britain to attack China in the First Opium War, and resulted in the seizure by Britain of Hong Kong Island, at that time a minor settlement.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: From

text: its

text: base

text: in

text: India

text: the

text: Company

text: had

text: also

text: been

text: engaged

text: in

text: an

text: increasingly

text: profitable

text: opium

text: export

text: trade

text: to

text: China

text: since

text: the

text: This

text: trade

text: illegal

text: since

text: it

text: was

text: outlawed

text: by

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: in

text: helped

text: reverse

text: the

text: trade

text: imbalances

text: resulting

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: imports

text: of

text: tea

text: which

text: saw

text: large

text: outflows

text: of

text: silver

text: from

text: Britain

text: to

text: China

text: In

text: the

text: confiscation

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: authorities

text: at

text: Canton

text: of

text: chests

text: of

text: opium

text: led

text: Britain

text: to

text: attack

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: Opium

text: War

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: seizure

text: by

text: Britain

text: of

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Island

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: a

text: minor

text: settlement

question: What illegal trade was the British East India Company involved in?

answer: opium

text: opium

question: How many chests of opium did China confiscate in 1839?

answer: 20,000

question: The First Opium War led to Britain seizing what island?

answer: Hong Kong

text: Hong Kong

question: Which dynasty outlawed opium trade?

answer: Qing

text: Qing

question: When did China outlaw opium trade?

answer: 1729