text: Namibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German:  Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Namibia

text: i

text: nəˈmɪbiə/

text: /næˈ-/

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Namibia

text: German

text: Republik

text: Namibia

text: help·info

text: Afrikaans

text: Republiek

text: van

text: Namibië

text: is

text: a

text: country

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: whose

text: western

text: border

text: is

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Zambia

text: and

text: Angola

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Zimbabwe

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: essentially

text: a

text: small

text: bulge

text: in

text: Botswana

text: to

text: achieve

text: a

text: Botswana

text: Zambia

text: micro

text: border

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: that

text: country

text: Namibia

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: on

text: March

text: following

text: the

text: Namibian

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Windhoek

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: a

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Development

text: Community

text: SADC

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: AU

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

question: What is the Afrikaans name for Namibia?

answer: Namibië

text: Namibië

question: Where in Africa is Namibia?

answer: southern

text: southern

question: What ocean borders Namibia?

answer: Atlantic Ocean

text: Atlantic Ocean

question: How far away is Namibia to the Zambezi River?

answer: 200 metres

text: 200 metres

question: When did Namibia gain independence from South Africa?

answer: 21 March 1990

text: 21 March 1990

question: What is the French word for the Republic of Namibia?

text: Republiek van Namibië

question: With what country does Namibia share most of its northern border with?

text: Angola

question: On what date did the Namibian War of Independence start?

text: 21 March 1990

question: What type of border does Namibia share with Angola?

text: micro-border


text: Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/or parade combining some elements of a circus, masks and public street party. People wear masks and costumes during many such celebrations, allowing them to lose their everyday individuality and experience a heightened sense of social unity. Excessive consumption of alcohol, meat, and other foods proscribed during Lent is extremely common. Other common features of carnival include mock battles such as food fights; social satire and mockery of authorities; the grotesque body displaying exaggerated features especially large noses, bellies, mouths, and phalli or elements of animal bodies; abusive language and degrading acts; depictions of disease and gleeful death; and a general reversal of everyday rules and norms.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: Carnival

text: see

text: other

text: spellings

text: and

text: names

text: is

text: a

text: Christian

text: festive

text: season

text: that

text: occurs

text: before

text: the

text: Christian

text: season

text: of

text: Lent

text: The

text: main

text: events

text: typically

text: occur

text: during

text: February

text: or

text: early

text: March

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: Shrovetide

text: or

text: Pre

text: Lent

text: Carnival

text: typically

text: involves

text: a

text: public

text: celebration

text: and/or

text: parade

text: combining

text: some

text: elements

text: of

text: a

text: circus

text: masks

text: and

text: public

text: street

text: party

text: People

text: wear

text: masks

text: and

text: costumes

text: during

text: many

text: such

text: celebrations

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: lose

text: their

text: everyday

text: individuality

text: and

text: experience

text: a

text: heightened

text: sense

text: of

text: social

text: unity

text: Excessive

text: consumption

text: of

text: alcohol

text: meat

text: and

text: other

text: foods

text: proscribed

text: during

text: Lent

text: is

text: extremely

text: common

text: Other

text: common

text: features

text: of

text: carnival

text: include

text: mock

text: battles

text: such

text: as

text: food

text: fights

text: social

text: satire

text: and

text: mockery

text: of

text: authorities

text: the

text: grotesque

text: body

text: displaying

text: exaggerated

text: features

text: especially

text: large

text: noses

text: bellies

text: mouths

text: and

text: phalli

text: or

text: elements

text: of

text: animal

text: bodies

text: abusive

text: language

text: and

text: degrading

text: acts

text: depictions

text: of

text: disease

text: and

text: gleeful

text: death

text: and

text: a

text: general

text: reversal

text: of

text: everyday

text: rules

text: and

text: norms

question: What's the name of the Christian festive season that occurs before the season of Lent?

answer: Carnival

text: Carnival

question: When do the main events of the Christian festival occur?

answer: February

text: February

question: Who is the Carnival open to?

answer: public

text: public

question: What do participants of the Carnival experience a heightened sense of?

answer: social unity

text: social unity

question: What is consumed in excessive amounts during Lent?

answer: alcohol

text: alcohol


text: In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Brasilia rock with bands such as Legião Urbana, Capital Inicial and Plebe Rude and then the opening of the music club Madame Satã in São Paulo, with acts like Cabine C, Titãs, Patife Band, Fellini and Mercenárias, as documented on compilations like The Sexual Life of the Savages and the Não Wave/Não São Paulo series, released in the UK, Germany and Brazil, respectively.[citation needed]

title: Post-punk

title: Post

title: punk

text: In

text: Germany

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Einstürzende

text: Neubauten

text: developed

text: a

text: unique

text: style

text: of

text: industrial

text: music

text: utilizing

text: avant

text: garde

text: noise

text: homemade

text: instruments

text: and

text: found

text: objects

text: Members

text: of

text: that

text: group

text: would

text: later

text: go

text: on

text: to

text: collaborate

text: with

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Birthday

text: Party

text: In

text: Brazil

text: the

text: post

text: punk

text: scene

text: grew

text: after

text: the

text: generation

text: of

text: Brasilia

text: rock

text: with

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Legião

text: Urbana

text: Capital

text: Inicial

text: and

text: Plebe

text: Rude

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: club

text: Madame

text: Satã

text: in

text: São

text: Paulo

text: with

text: acts

text: like

text: Cabine

text: C

text: Titãs

text: Patife

text: Band

text: Fellini

text: and

text: Mercenárias

text: as

text: documented

text: on

text: compilations

text: like

text: The

text: Sexual

text: Life

text: of

text: the

text: Savages

text: and

text: the

text: Não

text: Wave

text: Não

text: São

text: Paulo

text: series

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Germany

text: and

text: Brazil

text: respectively.[citation

text: needed

question: Where did some groups develop a unique style of industrial music?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What type of music included noise, homemade instruments, and randomly found objects?

answer: industrial

text: industrial

question: What country had a post-punk scene after a generation of rock?

answer: Brazil

text: Brazil

question: What type of album was The Sexual Life of the Savages?

answer: compilations

text: compilations

question: What countries other than Brazil was Brazil's no wave music exported to?

answer: UK, Germany

text: UK, Germany

question: What type of music was associated with Einstürzende Neubauten?

answer: industrial

text: industrial

question: Where was Einstürzende Neubauten from?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: Where was Madame Satã?

answer: Brazil

text: Brazil

question: How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound?

answer: avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects

text: avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects

question: Who did members of Einstürzende Neubauten also collaborate with?

answer: the Birthday Party

text: the Birthday Party

question: Which country disliked utilization of avant-garde noise?

text: Germany

question: What groups never collaborated with members of the Birthday Party?

text: Einstürzende Neubauten

question: Where did the post-punk scene shrink?

text: Brazil

question: Where was industrial music never released?

text: in the UK, Germany and Brazil


text: The different dialects show many sound shifts in different vowels (even shifting between diphthongs and monophthongs), and in some cases consonants also shift pronunciation. For example, an oddity of West Flemings (and to a lesser extent, East Flemings) is that, the voiced velar fricative (written as "g" in Dutch) shifts to a voiced glottal fricative (written as "h" in Dutch), while the letter "h" in West Flemish becomes mute (just like in French). As a result, when West Flemish try to talk Standard Dutch, they're often unable to pronounce the g-sound, and pronounce it similar to the h-sound. This leaves f.e. no difference between "held" (hero) and "geld" (money). Or in some cases, they are aware of the problem, and hyper-correct the "h" into a voiced velar fricative or g-sound, again leaving no difference.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: The

text: different

text: dialects

text: show

text: many

text: sound

text: shifts

text: in

text: different

text: vowels

text: even

text: shifting

text: between

text: diphthongs

text: and

text: monophthongs

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: consonants

text: also

text: shift

text: pronunciation

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: oddity

text: of

text: West

text: Flemings

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent

text: East

text: Flemings

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: voiced

text: velar

text: fricative

text: written

text: as

text: g

text: in

text: Dutch

text: shifts

text: to

text: a

text: voiced

text: glottal

text: fricative

text: written

text: as

text: h

text: in

text: Dutch

text: while

text: the

text: letter

text: h

text: in

text: West

text: Flemish

text: becomes

text: mute

text: just

text: like

text: in

text: French

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: when

text: West

text: Flemish

text: try

text: to

text: talk

text: Standard

text: Dutch

text: they

text: 're

text: often

text: unable

text: to

text: pronounce

text: the

text: g

text: sound

text: and

text: pronounce

text: it

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: h

text: sound

text: This

text: leaves

text: f.e

text: no

text: difference

text: between

text: held

text: hero

text: and

text: geld

text: money

text: Or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: they

text: are

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: and

text: hyper

text: correct

text: the

text: h

text: into

text: a

text: voiced

text: velar

text: fricative

text: or

text: g

text: sound

text: again

text: leaving

text: no

text: difference

question: What's the Dutch word for "money"?

answer: geld

text: geld

question: West Flemings pronounce the Dutch "g" as a voiced glottal frivative, which would be represented by what letter in standard Dutch?

answer: "h"

text: "h"

question: What other European language has a mute "h" like the West Flemings do?

answer: French

text: French

question: What word that means "hero" would a West Fleming speaker probably pronounce the same as "geld"?

answer: held

text: held

question: If a West Fleming speaker were being extra careful to avoid the silent "h," they might over-correct into what sound?

answer: g-sound

text: g-sound


text: President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.

title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census

text: President

text: Franklin

text: D.

text: Roosevelt

text: promoted

text: a

text: good

text: neighbor

text: policy

text: that

text: sought

text: better

text: relations

text: with

text: Mexico

text: In

text: a

text: federal

text: judge

text: ruled

text: that

text: three

text: Mexican

text: immigrants

text: were

text: ineligible

text: for

text: citizenship

text: because

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: white

text: as

text: required

text: by

text: federal

text: law

text: Mexico

text: protested

text: and

text: Roosevelt

text: decided

text: to

text: circumvent

text: the

text: decision

text: and

text: make

text: sure

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: treated

text: Hispanics

text: as

text: white

text: The

text: State

text: Department

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: the

text: Labor

text: Department

text: and

text: other

text: government

text: agencies

text: therefore

text: made

text: sure

text: to

text: uniformly

text: classify

text: people

text: of

text: Mexican

text: descent

text: as

text: white

text: This

text: policy

text: encouraged

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: United

text: Latin

text: American

text: Citizens

text: in

text: its

text: quest

text: to

text: minimize

text: discrimination

text: by

text: asserting

text: their

text: whiteness

question: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?

answer: Mexico

text: Mexico

question: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?

answer: 1935

question: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?

answer: Roosevelt

text: Roosevelt

question: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?

answer: Mexican

text: Mexican

question: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?

answer: white

text: white


text: Of great importance are the many species of salamanders and, in particular, the lungless species (Family Plethodontidae) that live in great abundance concealed by leaves and debris, on the forest floor. Most frequently seen, however, is the eastern or red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), whose terrestrial eft form is often encountered on the open, dry forest floor. It has been estimated that salamanders represent the largest class of animal biomass in the Appalachian forests. Frogs and toads are of lesser diversity and abundance, but the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is, like the eft, commonly encountered on the dry forest floor, while a number of species of small frogs, such as spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), enliven the forest with their calls. Salamanders and other amphibians contribute greatly to nutrient cycling through their consumption of small life forms on the forest floor and in aquatic habitats.

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: Of

text: great

text: importance

text: are

text: the

text: many

text: species

text: of

text: salamanders

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: lungless

text: species

text: Family

text: Plethodontidae

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: great

text: abundance

text: concealed

text: by

text: leaves

text: and

text: debris

text: on

text: the

text: forest

text: floor

text: Most

text: frequently

text: seen

text: however

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: or

text: red

text: spotted

text: newt

text: Notophthalmus

text: viridescens

text: whose

text: terrestrial

text: eft

text: form

text: is

text: often

text: encountered

text: on

text: the

text: open

text: dry

text: forest

text: floor

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: that

text: salamanders

text: represent

text: the

text: largest

text: class

text: of

text: animal

text: biomass

text: in

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: forests

text: Frogs

text: and

text: toads

text: are

text: of

text: lesser

text: diversity

text: and

text: abundance

text: but

text: the

text: wood

text: frog

text: Rana

text: sylvatica

text: is

text: like

text: the

text: eft

text: commonly

text: encountered

text: on

text: the

text: dry

text: forest

text: floor

text: while

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: small

text: frogs

text: such

text: as

text: spring

text: peepers

text: Pseudacris

text: crucifer

text: enliven

text: the

text: forest

text: with

text: their

text: calls

text: Salamanders

text: and

text: other

text: amphibians

text: contribute

text: greatly

text: to

text: nutrient

text: cycling

text: through

text: their

text: consumption

text: of

text: small

text: life

text: forms

text: on

text: the

text: forest

text: floor

text: and

text: in

text: aquatic

text: habitats

question: What is the name of the most commonly seen salamander?

text: eastern or red-spotted newt

question: What are the frogs and toads the largest class of?

text: animal biomass

question: What tends to detract from the nutrient cycle of the forest?

text: Salamanders and other amphibians

question: What consumes the salamanders and amphibians?

text: small life forms

question: What are species of salamanders called as a group?

text: Family Plethodontidae


text: A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in testing. More significantly, non-functional dimensions of quality (how it is supposed to be versus what it is supposed to do)—usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability—can be highly subjective; something that constitutes sufficient value to one person may be intolerable to another.

title: Software_testing

title: Software_testing

text: A

text: fundamental

text: problem

text: with

text: software

text: testing

text: is

text: that

text: testing

text: under

text: all

text: combinations

text: of

text: inputs

text: and

text: preconditions

text: initial

text: state

text: is

text: not

text: feasible

text: even

text: with

text: a

text: simple

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: defects

text: in

text: a

text: software

text: product

text: can

text: be

text: very

text: large

text: and

text: defects

text: that

text: occur

text: infrequently

text: are

text: difficult

text: to

text: find

text: in

text: testing

text: More

text: significantly

text: non

text: functional

text: dimensions

text: of

text: quality

text: how

text: it

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: be

text: versus

text: what

text: it

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: do)—usability

text: scalability

text: performance

text: compatibility

text: reliability

text: can

text: be

text: highly

text: subjective

text: something

text: that

text: constitutes

text: sufficient

text: value

text: to

text: one

text: person

text: may

text: be

text: intolerable

text: to

text: another

question: What is the primary issue with running software testing?

answer: testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible

text: testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible

question: What types of software bugs are difficult to find during testing?

answer: defects that occur infrequently

text: defects that occur infrequently

question: What other non-functional dimensions can cause software to underperform and cause other problems?

answer: usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability

text: usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability

question: What is the secondary problem  with running software testing?

question: Defects that occur frequently are how easy to find?

text: difficult

question: What are examples of functional dimensions of quality?

question: What is the issue with the functional dimensions of quality?

text: can be highly subjective


text: After just 100 hours of ground combat, and with all of Kuwait and much of southern Iraq under coalition control, US President George H. W. Bush ordered a cease-fire and negotiations began resulting in an agreement for cessation of hostilities. Some US politicians were disappointed by this move, believing Bush should have pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power; there is little doubt that coalition forces could have accomplished this if they had desired. Still, the political ramifications of removing Hussein would have broadened the scope of the conflict greatly, and many coalition nations refused to participate in such an action, believing it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: After

text: just

text: hours

text: of

text: ground

text: combat

text: and

text: with

text: all

text: of

text: Kuwait

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: southern

text: Iraq

text: under

text: coalition

text: control

text: US

text: President

text: George

text: H.

text: W.

text: Bush

text: ordered

text: a

text: cease

text: fire

text: and

text: negotiations

text: began

text: resulting

text: in

text: an

text: agreement

text: for

text: cessation

text: of

text: hostilities

text: Some

text: US

text: politicians

text: were

text: disappointed

text: by

text: this

text: move

text: believing

text: Bush

text: should

text: have

text: pressed

text: on

text: to

text: Baghdad

text: and

text: removed

text: Hussein

text: from

text: power

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: doubt

text: that

text: coalition

text: forces

text: could

text: have

text: accomplished

text: this

text: if

text: they

text: had

text: desired

text: Still

text: the

text: political

text: ramifications

text: of

text: removing

text: Hussein

text: would

text: have

text: broadened

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: conflict

text: greatly

text: and

text: many

text: coalition

text: nations

text: refused

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: such

text: an

text: action

text: believing

text: it

text: would

text: create

text: a

text: power

text: vacuum

text: and

text: destabilize

text: the

text: region

question: How long did ground combat operations last in the Persian Gulf War?

answer: 100 hours

text: 100 hours

question: Who ordered the cease-fire that effectively ended hostilities?

answer: US President George H. W. Bush

text: US President George H. W. Bush

question: What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces should have been allowed to have done?

answer: pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power

text: pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power

question: Coalition nations did what with regards to invading Northern Iraq to precipitate the cease fire?

answer: refused to participate

text: refused to participate

question: Why did Coalition nations fear the removal of Hussein from power?

answer: it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region

text: it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region

question: How long did ground combat operations last in the Kuwait Gulf War?

text: 100 hours

question: Who ordered the cease-fire that effectively began hostilities?

text: US President George H. W. Bush

question: What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces shouldn't have been allowed to have done?

question: Coalition nations did what with regards to invading Southern Iraq to precipitate the cease fire?

text: refused to participate

question: Why did Coalition nations fear the removal of Bush from power?


text: Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this. One or other level of government could be sovereign to decide such matters, but not both simultaneously. Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'. What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms is the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established. This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively. Leading examples of the federal state include the United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India. The leading example of the federal union of states is the European Union.

title: Federalism

title: Federalism

text: Until

text: recently

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: prior

text: agreement

text: on

text: a

text: clear

text: and

text: precise

text: definition

text: the

text: concept

text: was

text: thought

text: to

text: mean

text: as

text: a

text: shorthand

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: between

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: New

text: research

text: however

text: argues

text: that

text: this

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: correct

text: as

text: dividing

text: sovereignty

text: when

text: this

text: concept

text: is

text: properly

text: understood

text: in

text: its

text: core

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: final

text: and

text: absolute

text: source

text: of

text: political

text: authority

text: in

text: a

text: political

text: community

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: The

text: descent

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: into

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: over

text: disputes

text: about

text: unallocated

text: competences

text: concerning

text: slavery

text: and

text: ultimately

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: secession

text: showed

text: this

text: One

text: or

text: other

text: level

text: of

text: government

text: could

text: be

text: sovereign

text: to

text: decide

text: such

text: matters

text: but

text: not

text: both

text: simultaneously

text: Therefore

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: suggested

text: that

text: federalism

text: is

text: more

text: appropriately

text: conceived

text: as

text: a

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: powers

text: flowing

text: from

text: sovereignty

text: between

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: What

text: differentiates

text: the

text: concept

text: from

text: other

text: multi

text: level

text: political

text: forms

text: is

text: the

text: characteristic

text: of

text: equality

text: of

text: standing

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: levels

text: of

text: government

text: established

text: This

text: clarified

text: definition

text: opens

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: identifying

text: two

text: distinct

text: federal

text: forms

text: where

text: before

text: only

text: one

text: was

text: known

text: based

text: upon

text: whether

text: sovereignty

text: resides

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: in

text: one

text: people

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: parts

text: in

text: many

text: peoples

text: the

text: federal

text: state

text: or

text: federation

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: union

text: of

text: states

text: or

text: federal

text: union

text: respectively

text: Leading

text: examples

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: state

text: include

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Germany

text: Canada

text: Switzerland

text: Australia

text: and

text: India

text: The

text: leading

text: example

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: union

text: of

text: states

text: is

text: the

text: European

text: Union

question: Before new research, what was the definition of federalism?

answer: a division of sovereignty between two levels of government

text: a division of sovereignty between two levels of government

question: After new research, what was the final definition of federalism?

answer: final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible.

text: final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible.

question: When was federalism put into place?

answer: The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century

text: The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century

question: What is the difference between multi-level political forms and federalism?

answer: the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established

text: the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established

question: What is an example of a federal union?

answer: the European Union

text: the European Union

question: What historical event illustrated that dividing sovereignty was possible?

text: Civil War

question: Old research has clarified that Federalism has how many distinct forms?

text: two distinct federal forms

question: What organization is a leading example of a local union?

text: European Union

question: What distinguishes Federalism from other single-level governments?

question: What form of Federalism is characterized by where sovereignty resides in the partial?

text: federal state (or federation)


text: Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises the erstwhile nineteen princely states, two chiefships, and the British district of Ajmer-Merwara. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princely states whereas Tonk was a princely state under a Muslim Nawab. Rajput families rose to prominence in the 6th century CE. The Rajputs put up a valiant resistance to the Islamic invasions and protected this land with their warfare and chivalry for more than 500 years. They also resisted Mughal incursions into India and thus contributed to their slower-than-anticipated access to the Indian subcontinent. Later, the Mughals, through skilled warfare, were able to get a firm grip on northern India, including Rajasthan. Mewar led other kingdoms in its resistance to outside rule. Most notably, Rana Sanga fought the Battle of Khanua against Babur, the founder of the Mughal empire.

title: Rajasthan

title: Rajasthan

text: Modern

text: Rajasthan

text: includes

text: most

text: of

text: Rajputana

text: which

text: comprises

text: the

text: erstwhile

text: nineteen

text: princely

text: states

text: two

text: chiefships

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: district

text: of

text: Ajmer

text: Merwara

text: Marwar

text: Jodhpur

text: Bikaner

text: Mewar

text: Chittorgarh

text: Alwar

text: and

text: Dhundhar

text: Jaipur

text: were

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: Rajput

text: princely

text: states

text: Bharatpur

text: and

text: Dholpur

text: were

text: Jat

text: princely

text: states

text: whereas

text: Tonk

text: was

text: a

text: princely

text: state

text: under

text: a

text: Muslim

text: Nawab

text: Rajput

text: families

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: CE

text: The

text: Rajputs

text: put

text: up

text: a

text: valiant

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: invasions

text: and

text: protected

text: this

text: land

text: with

text: their

text: warfare

text: and

text: chivalry

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: They

text: also

text: resisted

text: Mughal

text: incursions

text: into

text: India

text: and

text: thus

text: contributed

text: to

text: their

text: slower

text: than

text: anticipated

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: Later

text: the

text: Mughals

text: through

text: skilled

text: warfare

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: get

text: a

text: firm

text: grip

text: on

text: northern

text: India

text: including

text: Rajasthan

text: Mewar

text: led

text: other

text: kingdoms

text: in

text: its

text: resistance

text: to

text: outside

text: rule

text: Most

text: notably

text: Rana

text: Sanga

text: fought

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Khanua

text: against

text: Babur

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Mughal

text: empire

question: How many princely states of Rajputana contain?

answer: nineteen

text: nineteen

question: What is the name of the British district within Rajputana?

answer: Ajmer-Merwara

text: Ajmer-Merwara

question: Bharatpur is an example of what kind of state?

answer: princely

text: princely

question: Under a Muslim Nawab there was a princely state, what was its name?

answer: Tonk

text: Tonk

question: What families rose to power in the 6th century?

answer: Rajput families

text: Rajput families

question: How many princely states are included in Alwar?

text: nineteen

question: What is the name of the British district in Mewar?

text: Ajmer-Merwara

question: During what era did Marwar familes become prominent?

text: the 6th century CE

question: How long did the Marwar resist Islamic invasions?

text: more than 500 years

question: What did the Alwar acquire through skilled warfare?

text: northern India, including Rajasthan


text: In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain.

title: The_Times

title: The_Times

text: In

text: John

text: Jacob

text: Astor

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: Viscount

text: Astor

text: bought

text: The

text: Times

text: from

text: the

text: Northcliffe

text: estate

text: The

text: paper

text: gained

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: notoriety

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: its

text: advocacy

text: of

text: German

text: appeasement

text: then

text: editor

text: Geoffrey

text: Dawson

text: was

text: closely

text: allied

text: with

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: government

text: who

text: practised

text: appeasement

text: most

text: notably

text: Neville

text: Chamberlain

question: In 1922, who bought The Times?

answer: John Jacob Astor

text: John Jacob Astor

question: In 1922, which estate sold The Times?

answer: Northcliffe estate

text: Northcliffe estate

question: The Times gained much notoriety in the 1930s because of its advocacy of what?

answer: German appeasement

text: German appeasement

question: Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement?

answer: Geoffrey Dawson

text: Geoffrey Dawson

question: Which notable government official did The Times ally with in the 1930s whom practised German appeasement?

answer: Neville Chamberlain

text: Neville Chamberlain


text: The collateralized debt obligation in particular enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending, extending or increasing the housing bubble and generating large fees. This essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations into a single pool from which specific securities draw in a specific sequence of priority. Those securities first in line received investment-grade ratings from rating agencies. Securities with lower priority had lower credit ratings but theoretically a higher rate of return on the amount invested.

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308

text: The

text: collateralized

text: debt

text: obligation

text: in

text: particular

text: enabled

text: financial

text: institutions

text: to

text: obtain

text: investor

text: funds

text: to

text: finance

text: subprime

text: and

text: other

text: lending

text: extending

text: or

text: increasing

text: the

text: housing

text: bubble

text: and

text: generating

text: large

text: fees

text: This

text: essentially

text: places

text: cash

text: payments

text: from

text: multiple

text: mortgages

text: or

text: other

text: debt

text: obligations

text: into

text: a

text: single

text: pool

text: from

text: which

text: specific

text: securities

text: draw

text: in

text: a

text: specific

text: sequence

text: of

text: priority

text: Those

text: securities

text: first

text: in

text: line

text: received

text: investment

text: grade

text: ratings

text: from

text: rating

text: agencies

text: Securities

text: with

text: lower

text: priority

text: had

text: lower

text: credit

text: ratings

text: but

text: theoretically

text: a

text: higher

text: rate

text: of

text: return

text: on

text: the

text: amount

text: invested

question: What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime?

answer: collateralized debt obligation

text: collateralized debt obligation

question: What was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations?

answer: extending or increasing the housing bubble

text: extending or increasing the housing bubble

question: What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies?

answer: investment-grade ratings

text: investment-grade ratings

question: What type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into?

answer: single pool

text: single pool

question: What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return?

answer: Securities with lower priority

text: Securities with lower priority


text: More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, based on "his control" of state-owned companies. Opponents of his regime claim that he has used money amassed through weapons sales, narcotics, international loans, and confiscation of private property to enrich himself and his political cronies who hold his dictatorship together, and that the $900 million published by Forbes is merely a portion of his assets, although that needs to be proven.

title: Political_corruption

title: Political_corruption

text: More

text: recently

text: articles

text: in

text: various

text: financial

text: periodicals

text: most

text: notably

text: Forbes

text: magazine

text: have

text: pointed

text: to

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: General

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: since

text: of

text: likely

text: being

text: the

text: beneficiary

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: million

text: based

text: on

text: his

text: control

text: of

text: state

text: owned

text: companies

text: Opponents

text: of

text: his

text: regime

text: claim

text: that

text: he

text: has

text: used

text: money

text: amassed

text: through

text: weapons

text: sales

text: narcotics

text: international

text: loans

text: and

text: confiscation

text: of

text: private

text: property

text: to

text: enrich

text: himself

text: and

text: his

text: political

text: cronies

text: who

text: hold

text: his

text: dictatorship

text: together

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: million

text: published

text: by

text: Forbes

text: is

text: merely

text: a

text: portion

text: of

text: his

text: assets

text: although

text: that

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: proven

question: What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption?

answer: Forbes

text: Forbes

question: The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets?

answer: a portion

text: a portion

question: What is Fidel Castro's official title?

answer: General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba

text: General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba


text: A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.

title: Florida

title: Florida

text: A

text: peninsula

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: approximately

text: miles

text: km

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: at

text: or

text: near

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: sedimentary

text: soil

text: The

text: climate

text: varies

text: from

text: subtropical

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: tropical

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: American

text: alligator

text: American

text: crocodile

text: Florida

text: panther

text: and

text: manatee

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Everglades

text: National

text: Park

question: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US

answer: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles

text: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles

question: What level is most of the land in florida

answer: Much of the state is at or near sea level

text: Much of the state is at or near sea level

question: What is the florida climate

answer: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south

text: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south

question: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida

answer: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee

text: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee

question: Name a National Park in Florida

answer: Everglades National Park

text: Everglades National Park

question: What is the length of the shortest Contiguous Coastline in the US?

text: 1,350 miles

question: How much of the state is not near sea level?

text: Much

question: What region in Florida is not subtropical?

text: north

question: What region in Florida is not tropical?

text: south

question: What park is outside of Florida?

text: Everglades National Park


text: The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus), built from 1857 to 1902, which houses the national parliament, government and part of the federal administration, can also be visited.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: The

text: Federal

text: Palace

text: Bundeshaus

text: built

text: from

text: to

text: which

text: houses

text: the

text: national

text: parliament

text: government

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: administration

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: visited

question: Where is the national parliment housed?

answer: The Federal Palace

text: The Federal Palace

question: What is the Federal Palace called?

answer: Bundeshaus

text: Bundeshaus


text: As a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi. The United States, along with Britain, France and several other nations, committed a coalition force against Gaddafi's forces. On 19 March, the first U.S. action was taken when 114 Tomahawk missiles launched by US and UK warships destroyed shoreline air defenses of the Gaddafi regime. The U.S. continued to play a major role in Operation Unified Protector, the NATO-directed mission that eventually incorporated all of the military coalition's actions in the theater. Throughout the conflict however, the U.S. maintained it was playing a supporting role only and was following the UN mandate to protect civilians, while the real conflict was between Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him. During the conflict, American drones were also deployed.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Libyan

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: enacted

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: Resolution

text: which

text: imposed

text: a

text: no

text: fly

text: zone

text: over

text: Libya

text: and

text: the

text: protection

text: of

text: civilians

text: from

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: Muammar

text: Gaddafi

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: along

text: with

text: Britain

text: France

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: nations

text: committed

text: a

text: coalition

text: force

text: against

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: forces

text: On

text: March

text: the

text: first

text: U.S.

text: action

text: was

text: taken

text: when

text: Tomahawk

text: missiles

text: launched

text: by

text: US

text: and

text: UK

text: warships

text: destroyed

text: shoreline

text: air

text: defenses

text: of

text: the

text: Gaddafi

text: regime

text: The

text: U.S.

text: continued

text: to

text: play

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: Operation

text: Unified

text: Protector

text: the

text: NATO

text: directed

text: mission

text: that

text: eventually

text: incorporated

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: coalition

text: 's

text: actions

text: in

text: the

text: theater

text: Throughout

text: the

text: conflict

text: however

text: the

text: U.S.

text: maintained

text: it

text: was

text: playing

text: a

text: supporting

text: role

text: only

text: and

text: was

text: following

text: the

text: UN

text: mandate

text: to

text: protect

text: civilians

text: while

text: the

text: real

text: conflict

text: was

text: between

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: loyalists

text: and

text: Libyan

text: rebels

text: fighting

text: to

text: depose

text: him

text: During

text: the

text: conflict

text: American

text: drones

text: were

text: also

text: deployed

question: What declaration established a no-fly zone over Libya?

answer: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973

text: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973

question: What is the name of the Libyan leader opposed by US and UN forces?

answer: Muammar Gaddafi

text: Muammar Gaddafi

question: What was the name of the military action against Libya?

answer: Operation Unified Protector

text: Operation Unified Protector

question: What was the goal of this operation?

answer: to protect civilians

text: to protect civilians

question: The Libyan conflict was primarily fought between which groups?

answer: Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him

text: Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him

question: What declaration ended a no-fly zone over Libya?

question: What is the name of the Libyan leader opposed by UK forces?

text: Muammar Gaddafi

question: What was the name of the military action against Iraq?

text: protection of civilians

question: The Iraqi conflict was primarily fought between which groups?

text: Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels


text: In 2008, there were 62 reported homicides. Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively.

title: Boston

title: Boston

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: reported

text: homicides

text: Through

text: December

text: each

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Boston

text: Police

text: Department

text: reported

text: and

text: homicides

text: respectively

question: How many reported murders were there in 2008?

answer: 62

question: How many murders were there in 2014?

answer: 52

question: How many murders were there in Boston in 2015?

answer: 39


text: Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn studied the whole of human history, while Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel in their more recent works concentrated on the 20th century, and Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr have looked at post World War II events. Jonassohn and Björnson are critical of some of these studies, arguing that they are too expansive, and conclude that the academic discipline of genocide studies is too young to have a canon of work on which to build an academic paradigm.

title: Genocide

title: Genocide

text: Jonassohn

text: and

text: Björnson

text: postulate

text: that

text: the

text: major

text: reason

text: why

text: no

text: single

text: generally

text: accepted

text: genocide

text: definition

text: has

text: emerged

text: is

text: because

text: academics

text: have

text: adjusted

text: their

text: focus

text: to

text: emphasise

text: different

text: periods

text: and

text: have

text: found

text: it

text: expedient

text: to

text: use

text: slightly

text: different

text: definitions

text: to

text: help

text: them

text: interpret

text: events

text: For

text: example

text: Frank

text: Chalk

text: and

text: Kurt

text: Jonassohn

text: studied

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: human

text: history

text: while

text: Leo

text: Kuper

text: and

text: R.

text: J.

text: Rummel

text: in

text: their

text: more

text: recent

text: works

text: concentrated

text: on

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: Helen

text: Fein

text: Barbara

text: Harff

text: and

text: Ted

text: Gurr

text: have

text: looked

text: at

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: events

text: Jonassohn

text: and

text: Björnson

text: are

text: critical

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: studies

text: arguing

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: too

text: expansive

text: and

text: conclude

text: that

text: the

text: academic

text: discipline

text: of

text: genocide

text: studies

text: is

text: too

text: young

text: to

text: have

text: a

text: canon

text: of

text: work

text: on

text: which

text: to

text: build

text: an

text: academic

text: paradigm

question: What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide?

answer: Jonassohn and Björnson

text: Jonassohn and Björnson

question: The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events?

answer: their focus

text: their focus

question: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history?

answer: Frank Chalk

text: Frank Chalk

question: With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on 20th century works?

answer: R. J. Rummel

text: R. J. Rummel

question: Two women and what man concentrated on post World War II events?

answer: Ted Gurr

text: Ted Gurr

question: What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for academics?

text: Jonassohn and Björnson

question: The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting paradigms?

text: their focus

question: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of definitions?

text: Frank Chalk

question: With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on definitions?

text: R. J. Rummel

question: Two women and what man concentrated on academic paradigms?

text: Ted Gurr


text: In Iran (Persia), the history of cotton dates back to the Achaemenid era (5th century BC); however, there are few sources about the planting of cotton in pre-Islamic Iran. The planting of cotton was common in Merv, Ray and Pars of Iran. In Persian poets' poems, especially Ferdowsi's Shahname, there are references to cotton ("panbe" in Persian). Marco Polo (13th century) refers to the major products of Persia, including cotton. John Chardin, a French traveler of the 17th century who visited the Safavid Persia, spoke approvingly of the vast cotton farms of Persia.

title: Cotton

title: Cotton

text: In

text: Iran

text: Persia

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: cotton

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: era

text: century

text: BC

text: however

text: there

text: are

text: few

text: sources

text: about

text: the

text: planting

text: of

text: cotton

text: in

text: pre

text: Islamic

text: Iran

text: The

text: planting

text: of

text: cotton

text: was

text: common

text: in

text: Merv

text: Ray

text: and

text: Pars

text: of

text: Iran

text: In

text: Persian

text: poets

text: poems

text: especially

text: Ferdowsi

text: 's

text: Shahname

text: there

text: are

text: references

text: to

text: cotton

text: panbe

text: in

text: Persian

text: Marco

text: Polo

text: century

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: major

text: products

text: of

text: Persia

text: including

text: cotton

text: John

text: Chardin

text: a

text: French

text: traveler

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: who

text: visited

text: the

text: Safavid

text: Persia

text: spoke

text: approvingly

text: of

text: the

text: vast

text: cotton

text: farms

text: of

text: Persia

question: Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period?

answer: Achaemenid era

text: Achaemenid era

question: When was the Achaemenid era?

answer: 5th century BC

text: 5th century BC

question: In what source can references to cotton be found in Iran?

answer: Persian poets' poems

text: Persian poets' poems

question: What 13th century explorer saw cotton in Persia?

answer: Marco Polo

text: Marco Polo

question: What Frenchman in the 17th century noted cotton farming in Persia?

answer: John Chardin

text: John Chardin

question: Us of cotton in France dates back to what period?

text: Achaemenid era

question: When was the Persian era?

text: 5th century BC

question: In what source can references to cotton be found in France?

text: Persian poets' poems

question: What 13th century explorer saw cotton in France?

text: Marco Polo

question: What Frenchman in the 13th century noted cotton farming in Persia?

text: John Chardin


text: The region covers an area of 1,579 square kilometres (610 sq mi). The population density is 5,177 inhabitants per square kilometre (13,410/sq mi), more than ten times that of any other British region. In terms of population, London is the 19th largest city and the 18th largest metropolitan region in the world. As of 2014[update], London has the largest number of billionaires (British Pound Sterling) in the world, with 72 residing in the city. London ranks as one of the most expensive cities in the world, alongside Tokyo and Moscow.

title: London

title: London

text: The

text: region

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: population

text: density

text: is

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: square

text: kilometre

text: mi

text: more

text: than

text: ten

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: British

text: region

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: population

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: As

text: of

text: London

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: billionaires

text: British

text: Pound

text: Sterling

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: residing

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: London

text: ranks

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: alongside

text: Tokyo

text: and

text: Moscow

question: With which two other cities is London named one of the most expensive in the world?

answer: Tokyo and Moscow

text: Tokyo and Moscow

question: Where does London rank in terms of the world's largest cities?

answer: 19th

question: About how many billionaires call London home?

answer: 72


text: During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873, a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic, the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia (proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August). It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy, as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie, but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment. The city surrendered on 7 August; Alfonso XII was proclaimed king on 29 December 1874, and arrived in Valencia on 11 January 1875 on his way to Madrid, marking the end of the first republic. Despite the Bourbon restoration, the roughly even balance between conservatives and liberals in the government was sustained in Valencia until the granting of universal male suffrage in 1890, after which the Republicans, led by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, gained considerably more of the popular vote.

title: Valencia

title: Valencia

text: During

text: the

text: Cantonal

text: Revolution

text: of

text: a

text: cantonalist

text: uprising

text: that

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: Spanish

text: Republic

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: consolidated

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: nearby

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Federal

text: Canton

text: of

text: Valencia

text: proclaimed

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: dissolved

text: on

text: August

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: the

text: revolutionary

text: fervor

text: of

text: the

text: movement

text: in

text: cities

text: like

text: Alcoy

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: initiated

text: by

text: the

text: bourgeoisie

text: but

text: the

text: Madrid

text: government

text: sent

text: General

text: Martinez

text: Campos

text: to

text: stifle

text: the

text: rebellion

text: by

text: force

text: of

text: arms

text: and

text: subjected

text: Valencia

text: to

text: an

text: intense

text: bombardment

text: The

text: city

text: surrendered

text: on

text: August

text: Alfonso

text: XII

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: king

text: on

text: December

text: and

text: arrived

text: in

text: Valencia

text: on

text: January

text: on

text: his

text: way

text: to

text: Madrid

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: republic

text: Despite

text: the

text: Bourbon

text: restoration

text: the

text: roughly

text: even

text: balance

text: between

text: conservatives

text: and

text: liberals

text: in

text: the

text: government

text: was

text: sustained

text: in

text: Valencia

text: until

text: the

text: granting

text: of

text: universal

text: male

text: suffrage

text: in

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: Republicans

text: led

text: by

text: Vicente

text: Blasco

text: Ibáñez

text: gained

text: considerably

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: popular

text: vote

question: In what year did the cantonalist uprising occur?

answer: 1873

question: Who was sent to stop Valencia's uprising?

answer: General Martinez-Campos

text: General Martinez-Campos

question: Who became king in 1874?

answer: Alfonso XII

text: Alfonso XII

question: When did Alfonso XXII reach Valencia?

answer: 11 January 1875

text: 11 January 1875

question: Who was the Republican leader after the granting of male suffrage?

answer: Vicente Blasco Ibáñez

text: Vicente Blasco Ibáñez


text: Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the "Cruise Capital of the World", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.

title: Miami

title: Miami

text: Downtown

text: Miami

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: largest

text: concentration

text: of

text: international

text: banks

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: many

text: large

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: companies

text: The

text: Civic

text: Center

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: for

text: hospitals

text: research

text: institutes

text: medical

text: centers

text: and

text: biotechnology

text: industries

text: For

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: decades

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Miami

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cruise

text: Capital

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: cruise

text: passenger

text: port

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: accommodates

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: cruise

text: ships

text: and

text: operations

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: busiest

text: port

text: in

text: both

text: passenger

text: traffic

text: and

text: cruise

text: lines

question: What does downtown Miami possess more of than any other US city?

answer: international banks

text: international banks

question: What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"?

answer: Port of Miami

text: Port of Miami

question: Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank first?

answer: passenger

text: passenger

question: Along with hospitals, medical centers and biotechnology industries, what is notably present in the Civic Center?

answer: research institutes

text: research institutes

question: How long has Miami been the world's top cruise passenger port?

answer: two decades

text: two decades

question: What does downtown Miami possess less of than any other US city?

text: international banks

question: What isn't called the "Cruise Capital of the World"?

text: Port of Miami

question: Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank last?

text: passenger

question: Along with hospitals, medical centers and biotechnology industries, what is notably absent in the Civic Center?

text: research institutes

question: How long has Miami been the world's bottom cruise passenger port?

text: two decades


text: A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate information. As a result, the writing in these fields often lacks a literary quality, although it often(and in its better moments)has that quality. Major "literary" historians include Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius, all of whom count as canonical literary figures.

title: Literature

title: Literature

text: A

text: significant

text: portion

text: of

text: historical

text: writing

text: ranks

text: as

text: literature

text: particularly

text: the

text: genre

text: known

text: as

text: creative

text: nonfiction

text: as

text: can

text: a

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: journalism

text: such

text: as

text: literary

text: journalism

text: However

text: these

text: areas

text: have

text: become

text: extremely

text: large

text: and

text: often

text: have

text: a

text: primarily

text: utilitarian

text: purpose

text: to

text: record

text: data

text: or

text: convey

text: immediate

text: information

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: the

text: writing

text: in

text: these

text: fields

text: often

text: lacks

text: a

text: literary

text: quality

text: although

text: it

text: often(and

text: in

text: its

text: better

text: moments)has

text: that

text: quality

text: Major

text: literary

text: historians

text: include

text: Herodotus

text: Thucydides

text: and

text: Procopius

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: count

text: as

text: canonical

text: literary

text: figures

question: What is literary historical writing sometimes called?

answer: creative nonfiction

text: creative nonfiction

question: Reporting that attempts a creative or literary bent is sometimes called what?

answer: literary journalism

text: literary journalism

question: What is the main function of journalism or historical documentation?

answer: to record data or convey immediate information

text: to record data or convey immediate information

question: Who are some classic historians regarded as literary historians?

answer: Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius

text: Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius

question: A small portion of historical writings are considered what?

text: literature

question: What genres of modern writing rank as literature?

question: Three main literary historians include Hercules, Thucydides, and who else?

text: Procopius

question: The secondary functions of historical documentations are what?

question: What does a significant amount of literature rank as?

text: historical writing

question: Who are the major utilitarian historians?

text: Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius

question: What is the primary purpose of creative fiction?


text: As a god of archery, Apollo was known as Aphetor (/əˈfiːtər/ ə-FEE-tər; Ἀφήτωρ, Aphētōr, from ἀφίημι, "to let loose") or Aphetorus (/əˈfɛtərəs/ ə-FET-ər-əs; Ἀφητόρος, Aphētoros, of the same origin), Argyrotoxus (/ˌɑːrdʒᵻrəˈtɒksəs/ AR-ji-rə-TOK-səs; Ἀργυρότοξος, Argyrotoxos, literally "with silver bow"), Hecaërgus (/ˌhɛkiˈɜːrɡəs/ HEK-ee-UR-gəs; Ἑκάεργος, Hekaergos, literally "far-shooting"), and Hecebolus (/hᵻˈsɛbələs/ hi-SEB-ə-ləs; Ἑκηβόλος, Hekēbolos, literally "far-shooting"). The Romans referred to Apollo as Articenens (/ɑːrˈtɪsᵻnənz/ ar-TISS-i-nənz; "bow-carrying"). Apollo was called Ismenius (/ɪzˈmiːniəs/ iz-MEE-nee-əs; Ἰσμηνιός, Ismēnios, literally "of Ismenus") after Ismenus, the son of Amphion and Niobe, whom he struck with an arrow.

title: Apollo

title: Apollo

text: As

text: a

text: god

text: of

text: archery

text: Apollo

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Aphetor

text: /əˈfiːtər/

text: ə

text: FEE

text: tər

text: Ἀφήτωρ

text: Aphētōr

text: from

text: ἀφίημι

text: to

text: let

text: loose

text: or

text: Aphetorus

text: /əˈfɛtərəs/

text: ə

text: FET

text: ər

text: əs

text: Ἀφητόρος

text: Aphētoros

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: origin

text: Argyrotoxus

text: /ˌɑːrdʒᵻrəˈtɒksəs/

text: AR

text: ji

text: rə

text: TOK

text: səs

text: Ἀργυρότοξος

text: Argyrotoxos

text: literally

text: with

text: silver

text: bow

text: Hecaërgus

text: /ˌhɛkiˈɜːrɡəs/

text: HEK

text: ee

text: UR

text: gəs

text: Ἑκάεργος

text: Hekaergos

text: literally

text: far

text: shooting

text: and

text: Hecebolus

text: /hᵻˈsɛbələs/

text: hi

text: SEB

text: ə

text: ləs

text: Ἑκηβόλος

text: Hekēbolos

text: literally

text: far

text: shooting

text: The

text: Romans

text: referred

text: to

text: Apollo

text: as

text: Articenens

text: /ɑːrˈtɪsᵻnənz/

text: ar

text: TISS

text: i

text: nənz

text: bow

text: carrying

text: Apollo

text: was

text: called

text: Ismenius

text: /ɪzˈmiːniəs/

text: iz

text: MEE

text: nee

text: əs

text: Ἰσμηνιός

text: Ismēnios

text: literally

text: of

text: Ismenus

text: after

text: Ismenus

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Amphion

text: and

text: Niobe

text: whom

text: he

text: struck

text: with

text: an

text: arrow

question: As god of archery, Apollo was known by what name?

answer: Aphetor

text: Aphetor

question: What name literally means "far-shooting?"

answer: Hecaërgus

text: Hecaërgus

question: Who was the son of Amphion and Niobe?

answer: Ismenius

text: Ismenius

question: Who struck his parents with an arrow?

answer: Ismenius

text: Ismenius


text: Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31, 2006, workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua, Shenzhen formed a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Chinese government-approved union umbrella organization.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: Foxconn

text: Apple

text: 's

text: manufacturer

text: initially

text: denied

text: the

text: abuses

text: but

text: when

text: an

text: auditing

text: team

text: from

text: Apple

text: found

text: that

text: workers

text: had

text: been

text: working

text: longer

text: hours

text: than

text: were

text: allowed

text: under

text: Chinese

text: law

text: they

text: promised

text: to

text: prevent

text: workers

text: working

text: more

text: hours

text: than

text: the

text: code

text: allowed

text: Apple

text: hired

text: a

text: workplace

text: standards

text: auditing

text: company

text: Verité

text: and

text: joined

text: the

text: Electronic

text: Industry

text: Code

text: of

text: Conduct

text: Implementation

text: Group

text: to

text: oversee

text: the

text: measures

text: On

text: December

text: workers

text: at

text: the

text: Foxconn

text: factory

text: in

text: Longhua

text: Shenzhen

text: formed

text: a

text: union

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: All

text: China

text: Federation

text: of

text: Trade

text: Unions

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: approved

text: union

text: umbrella

text: organization

question: Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies?

answer: Verité

text: Verité

question: What organization did Apple join to monitor its labor policies?

answer: Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group

text: Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group

question: What company was found to be violating Apple's labor policies?

answer: Foxconn

text: Foxconn

question: Where was the Foxconn plant located?

answer: Longhua, Shenzhen

text: Longhua, Shenzhen

question: What was the name of Apple's manufacturing company that was accused of overworking its employees?

answer: Foxconn

text: Foxconn

question: What auditor company did Apple hire to oversee worker conditions following the controversy?

answer: Verité

text: Verité

question: In what year did Foxconn workers first unionize?

answer: 2006


text: The Quine-Duhem thesis argues that it's impossible to test a single hypothesis on its own, since each one comes as part of an environment of theories. Thus we can only say that the whole package of relevant theories has been collectively falsified, but cannot conclusively say which element of the package must be replaced. An example of this is given by the discovery of the planet Neptune: when the motion of Uranus was found not to match the predictions of Newton's laws, the theory "There are seven planets in the solar system" was rejected, and not Newton's laws themselves. Popper discussed this critique of naïve falsificationism in Chapters 3 and 4 of The Logic of Scientific Discovery. For Popper, theories are accepted or rejected via a sort of selection process. Theories that say more about the way things appear are to be preferred over those that do not; the more generally applicable a theory is, the greater its value. Thus Newton's laws, with their wide general application, are to be preferred over the much more specific "the solar system has seven planets".[dubious – discuss]

title: Karl_Popper

title: Karl_Popper

text: The

text: Quine

text: Duhem

text: thesis

text: argues

text: that

text: it

text: 's

text: impossible

text: to

text: test

text: a

text: single

text: hypothesis

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: since

text: each

text: one

text: comes

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: environment

text: of

text: theories

text: Thus

text: we

text: can

text: only

text: say

text: that

text: the

text: whole

text: package

text: of

text: relevant

text: theories

text: has

text: been

text: collectively

text: falsified

text: but

text: can

text: not

text: conclusively

text: say

text: which

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: package

text: must

text: be

text: replaced

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: this

text: is

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: Neptune

text: when

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: Uranus

text: was

text: found

text: not

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: predictions

text: of

text: Newton

text: 's

text: laws

text: the

text: theory

text: There

text: are

text: seven

text: planets

text: in

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: was

text: rejected

text: and

text: not

text: Newton

text: 's

text: laws

text: themselves

text: Popper

text: discussed

text: this

text: critique

text: of

text: naïve

text: falsificationism

text: in

text: Chapters

text: and

text: of

text: The

text: Logic

text: of

text: Scientific

text: Discovery

text: For

text: Popper

text: theories

text: are

text: accepted

text: or

text: rejected

text: via

text: a

text: sort

text: of

text: selection

text: process

text: Theories

text: that

text: say

text: more

text: about

text: the

text: way

text: things

text: appear

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: preferred

text: over

text: those

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: the

text: more

text: generally

text: applicable

text: a

text: theory

text: is

text: the

text: greater

text: its

text: value

text: Thus

text: Newton

text: 's

text: laws

text: with

text: their

text: wide

text: general

text: application

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: preferred

text: over

text: the

text: much

text: more

text: specific

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: has

text: seven

text: planets".[dubious

text: discuss

question: What thesis says a scientific hypothesis is not testable in isolation from its system of theories?

answer: Quine-Duhem

text: Quine-Duhem

question: Which of Popper's works responds to critiques of naive falsificationism?

answer: The Logic of Scientific Discovery

text: The Logic of Scientific Discovery

question: The planet Uranus' apparent failure to follow Newton's laws led to the discovery of which planet?

answer: Neptune

text: Neptune

question: According to Popper, the scientific selection process favors which type of theory?

answer: more generally applicable

text: more generally applicable

question: What thesis says it is possible to test a single hypothesis alone?

text: Quine-Duhem

question: What can we conclusively say must be replaced?

text: element of the package

question: When was the theory that there are eight planets in the solar system rejected?

question: What did Popper discuss in chapters 5 and 6 of The Logic of Scientific Discovery?

text: critique of naïve falsificationism

question: Why are Newton's laws not preferred over the other theory?

text: wide general application


text: International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments. This is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that international friendlies mostly take place during club league seasons, not between them. This has on occasion led to disagreement between national associations and clubs as to the availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued in a friendly.

title: Exhibition_game

title: Exhibition_game

text: International

text: teams

text: also

text: play

text: friendlies

text: generally

text: in

text: preparation

text: for

text: the

text: qualifying

text: or

text: final

text: stages

text: of

text: major

text: tournaments

text: This

text: is

text: essential

text: since

text: national

text: squads

text: generally

text: have

text: much

text: less

text: time

text: together

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: prepare

text: The

text: biggest

text: difference

text: between

text: friendlies

text: at

text: the

text: club

text: and

text: international

text: levels

text: is

text: that

text: international

text: friendlies

text: mostly

text: take

text: place

text: during

text: club

text: league

text: seasons

text: not

text: between

text: them

text: This

text: has

text: on

text: occasion

text: led

text: to

text: disagreement

text: between

text: national

text: associations

text: and

text: clubs

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: players

text: who

text: could

text: become

text: injured

text: or

text: fatigued

text: in

text: a

text: friendly

question: What do friendlies help international teams prepare for?

answer: the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments

text: the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments

question: Which type of team lacks time to prepare for tournaments?

answer: national squads

text: national squads

question: What do international leagues' friendlies happen in the middle of?

answer: club league seasons

text: club league seasons

question: What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies?

answer: availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued

text: availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued

question: When do international teams not qualify for Friendly's?

text: final stages of major tournaments

question: Why are Friendly's nonessential for major tournaments?

question: Internationals and what other Friendly's mostly take place during club league season

text: club

question: Which type of team has the most time to prepare for tournaments?

text: national squads

question: What do national associations and clubs agree on when it comes to tournaments?

text: availability of players


text: Throughout the 17th century Plymouth had gradually lost its pre-eminence as a trading port. By the mid-17th century commodities manufactured elsewhere in England cost too much to transport to Plymouth and the city had no means of processing sugar or tobacco imports, although it did play a relatively small part in the Atlantic slave trade during the early 18th century.

title: Plymouth

title: Plymouth

text: Throughout

text: the

text: century

text: Plymouth

text: had

text: gradually

text: lost

text: its

text: pre

text: eminence

text: as

text: a

text: trading

text: port

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: commodities

text: manufactured

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: England

text: cost

text: too

text: much

text: to

text: transport

text: to

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: no

text: means

text: of

text: processing

text: sugar

text: or

text: tobacco

text: imports

text: although

text: it

text: did

text: play

text: a

text: relatively

text: small

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: slave

text: trade

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: century

question: During what century was Plymouth involved with the Atlantic slave trade?

answer: 18th

question: In what century did Plymouth cease to be a vital trading port?

answer: 17th


text: Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animals; several bird species make and use tools, and many social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered a form of culture. Many species annually migrate great distances. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and bird songs, and participating in such social behaviours as cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, but rarely for life. Other species have polygynous ("many females") or, rarely, polyandrous ("many males") breeding systems. Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilized through sexual reproduction. They are usually laid in a nest and incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching. Some birds, such as hens, lay eggs even when not fertilized, though unfertilized eggs do not produce offspring.

title: Bird

title: Bird

text: Some

text: birds

text: especially

text: corvids

text: and

text: parrots

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: intelligent

text: animals

text: several

text: bird

text: species

text: make

text: and

text: use

text: tools

text: and

text: many

text: social

text: species

text: pass

text: on

text: knowledge

text: across

text: generations

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: culture

text: Many

text: species

text: annually

text: migrate

text: great

text: distances

text: Birds

text: are

text: social

text: communicating

text: with

text: visual

text: signals

text: calls

text: and

text: bird

text: songs

text: and

text: participating

text: in

text: such

text: social

text: behaviours

text: as

text: cooperative

text: breeding

text: and

text: hunting

text: flocking

text: and

text: mobbing

text: of

text: predators

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: bird

text: species

text: are

text: socially

text: monogamous

text: usually

text: for

text: one

text: breeding

text: season

text: at

text: a

text: time

text: sometimes

text: for

text: years

text: but

text: rarely

text: for

text: life

text: Other

text: species

text: have

text: polygynous

text: many

text: females

text: or

text: rarely

text: polyandrous

text: many

text: males

text: breeding

text: systems

text: Birds

text: produce

text: offspring

text: by

text: laying

text: eggs

text: which

text: are

text: fertilized

text: through

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: They

text: are

text: usually

text: laid

text: in

text: a

text: nest

text: and

text: incubated

text: by

text: the

text: parents

text: Most

text: birds

text: have

text: an

text: extended

text: period

text: of

text: parental

text: care

text: after

text: hatching

text: Some

text: birds

text: such

text: as

text: hens

text: lay

text: eggs

text: even

text: when

text: not

text: fertilized

text: though

text: unfertilized

text: eggs

text: do

text: not

text: produce

text: offspring

question: Which type of birds are among the most intelligent animals?

answer: corvids and parrots

text: corvids and parrots

question: How to birds produce offspring?

answer: by laying eggs which are fertilized through sexual reproduction

text: by laying eggs which are fertilized through sexual reproduction

question: Where are eggs usually laid?

answer: nest

text: nest


text: While Blacks/African-Americans comprised only 13 percent of Michigan's population in 2010, they made up nearly 82 percent of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were Whites, at 10 percent, and Hispanics, at 6 percent. According to the 2010 Census, segregation in Detroit has decreased in absolute and in relative terms. In the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit. The number of integrated neighborhoods has increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. The city has also moved down the ranking, from number one most segregated to number four. A 2011 op-ed in The New York Times attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. This pattern already happened in the 1970s, when apparent integration was actually a precursor to white flight and resegregation. Over a 60-year period, white flight occurred in the city. According to an estimate of the Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, from 2008 to 2009 the percentage of non-Hispanic White residents increased from 8.4% to 13.3%. Some empty nesters and many younger White people moved into the city while many African Americans moved to the suburbs.

title: Detroit

title: Detroit

text: While

text: Blacks

text: African

text: Americans

text: comprised

text: only

text: percent

text: of

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: population

text: in

text: they

text: made

text: up

text: nearly

text: percent

text: of

text: Detroit

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: next

text: largest

text: population

text: groups

text: were

text: Whites

text: at

text: percent

text: and

text: Hispanics

text: at

text: percent

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: segregation

text: in

text: Detroit

text: has

text: decreased

text: in

text: absolute

text: and

text: in

text: relative

text: terms

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: decade

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: about

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: black

text: population

text: in

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: resided

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: of

text: Detroit

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: integrated

text: neighborhoods

text: has

text: increased

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: in

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: also

text: moved

text: down

text: the

text: ranking

text: from

text: number

text: one

text: most

text: segregated

text: to

text: number

text: four

text: A

text: op

text: ed

text: in

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: attributed

text: the

text: decreased

text: segregation

text: rating

text: to

text: the

text: overall

text: exodus

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: cautioning

text: that

text: these

text: areas

text: may

text: soon

text: become

text: more

text: segregated

text: This

text: pattern

text: already

text: happened

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: apparent

text: integration

text: was

text: actually

text: a

text: precursor

text: to

text: white

text: flight

text: and

text: resegregation

text: Over

text: a

text: period

text: white

text: flight

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: According

text: to

text: an

text: estimate

text: of

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Metropolitan

text: Information

text: Center

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: percentage

text: of

text: non

text: Hispanic

text: White

text: residents

text: increased

text: from

text: to

text: Some

text: empty

text: nesters

text: and

text: many

text: younger

text: White

text: people

text: moved

text: into

text: the

text: city

text: while

text: many

text: African

text: Americans

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: suburbs

question: How much of Michigan's population is Black?

answer: 13 percent

text: 13 percent

question: How much of Detroit's population is Black?

answer: 82 percent

text: 82 percent

question: What was Detroit ranked as in a 2010 study on segregated cities?

answer: four

text: four

question: Where have many Black people been moving to in recent years?

answer: suburbs

text: suburbs

question: What is the 2009 population of Whites in Detroit?

answer: 13.3%


text: After Kerry's third qualifying wound, he was entitled per Navy regulations to reassignment away from combat duties. Kerry's preferred choice for reassignment was as a military aide in Boston, New York or Washington, D.C. On April 11, 1969, he reported to the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service, where he would remain on active duty for the following year as a personal aide to an officer, Rear Admiral Walter Schlech. On January 1, 1970 Kerry was temporarily promoted to full Lieutenant. Kerry had agreed to an extension of his active duty obligation from December 1969 to August 1970 in order to perform Swift Boat duty. John Kerry was on active duty in the United States Navy from August 1966 until January 1970. He continued to serve in the Naval Reserve until February 1978.

title: John_Kerry

title: John_Kerry

text: After

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: third

text: qualifying

text: wound

text: he

text: was

text: entitled

text: per

text: Navy

text: regulations

text: to

text: reassignment

text: away

text: from

text: combat

text: duties

text: Kerry

text: 's

text: preferred

text: choice

text: for

text: reassignment

text: was

text: as

text: a

text: military

text: aide

text: in

text: Boston

text: New

text: York

text: or

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: On

text: April

text: he

text: reported

text: to

text: the

text: Brooklyn

text: based

text: Atlantic

text: Military

text: Sea

text: Transportation

text: Service

text: where

text: he

text: would

text: remain

text: on

text: active

text: duty

text: for

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: as

text: a

text: personal

text: aide

text: to

text: an

text: officer

text: Rear

text: Admiral

text: Walter

text: Schlech

text: On

text: January

text: Kerry

text: was

text: temporarily

text: promoted

text: to

text: full

text: Lieutenant

text: Kerry

text: had

text: agreed

text: to

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: his

text: active

text: duty

text: obligation

text: from

text: December

text: to

text: August

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: perform

text: Swift

text: Boat

text: duty

text: John

text: Kerry

text: was

text: on

text: active

text: duty

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Navy

text: from

text: August

text: until

text: January

text: He

text: continued

text: to

text: serve

text: in

text: the

text: Naval

text: Reserve

text: until

text: February

question: Which wound allowed Kerry to leave combat duty?

answer: third

text: third

question: Where was Kerry reassigned in April 1969?

answer: the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service

text: the Brooklyn-based Atlantic Military Sea Transportation Service

question: When did Kerry become a lieutenant?

answer: January 1, 1970

text: January 1, 1970

question: Who was Kerry a personal aide for?

answer: Rear Admiral Walter Schlech

text: Rear Admiral Walter Schlech

question: When did Kerry leave the Naval Reserve?

answer: February 1978

text: February 1978


text: Many native speakers of Dutch, both in Belgium and the Netherlands, assume that Afrikaans and West Frisian are dialects of Dutch but are considered separate and distinct from Dutch: a daughter language and a sister language, respectively. Afrikaans evolved mainly from 17th century Dutch dialects, but had influences from various other languages in South Africa. However, it is still largely mutually intelligible with Dutch. (West) Frisian evolved from the same West Germanic branch as Old English and is less akin to Dutch.

title: Dutch_language

title: Dutch_language

text: Many

text: native

text: speakers

text: of

text: Dutch

text: both

text: in

text: Belgium

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: assume

text: that

text: Afrikaans

text: and

text: West

text: Frisian

text: are

text: dialects

text: of

text: Dutch

text: but

text: are

text: considered

text: separate

text: and

text: distinct

text: from

text: Dutch

text: a

text: daughter

text: language

text: and

text: a

text: sister

text: language

text: respectively

text: Afrikaans

text: evolved

text: mainly

text: from

text: century

text: Dutch

text: dialects

text: but

text: had

text: influences

text: from

text: various

text: other

text: languages

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: However

text: it

text: is

text: still

text: largely

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: with

text: Dutch

text: West

text: Frisian

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: West

text: Germanic

text: branch

text: as

text: Old

text: English

text: and

text: is

text: less

text: akin

text: to

text: Dutch

question: What dialect is considered a sister language to Dutch?

answer: West Frisian

text: West Frisian

question: Which Dutch dialect is so distinct that it's often called a daughter language?

answer: Afrikaans

text: Afrikaans

question: Afrikaans is mostly derived from the Dutch spoken in what century?

answer: 17th

question: The Dutch influence on Afrikaans was seasoned with languages from what country?

answer: South Africa

text: South Africa

question: What two-word phrase describes the relationship whereby Dutch and Afrikaans speakers can understand each other?

answer: mutually intelligible

text: mutually intelligible