text: Eton College has links with some private schools in India today, maintained from the days of the British Raj, such as The Doon School and Mayo College. Eton College is also a member of the G20 Schools Group, a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world, including Turkey's Robert College, the United States' Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, Australia's Scotch College, Melbourne Grammar School and Launceston Church Grammar School, Singapore's Raffles Institution, and Switzerland's International School of Geneva. Eton has recently fostered[when?] a relationship with the Roxbury Latin School, a traditional all-boys private school in Boston, USA. Former Eton headmaster and provost Sir Eric Anderson shares a close friendship with Roxbury Latin Headmaster emeritus F. Washington Jarvis; Anderson has visited Roxbury Latin on numerous occasions, while Jarvis briefly taught theology at Eton after retiring from his headmaster post at Roxbury Latin. The headmasters' close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship, an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton. Hennessy Scholars generally reside in Wotton house.

title: Eton_College

title: Eton_College

text: Eton

text: College

text: has

text: links

text: with

text: some

text: private

text: schools

text: in

text: India

text: today

text: maintained

text: from

text: the

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Doon

text: School

text: and

text: Mayo

text: College

text: Eton

text: College

text: is

text: also

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Schools

text: Group

text: a

text: collection

text: of

text: college

text: preparatory

text: boarding

text: schools

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: including

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: Robert

text: College

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Phillips

text: Academy

text: and

text: Phillips

text: Exeter

text: Academy

text: Australia

text: 's

text: Scotch

text: College

text: Melbourne

text: Grammar

text: School

text: and

text: Launceston

text: Church

text: Grammar

text: School

text: Singapore

text: 's

text: Raffles

text: Institution

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: International

text: School

text: of

text: Geneva

text: Eton

text: has

text: recently

text: fostered[when

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Roxbury

text: Latin

text: School

text: a

text: traditional

text: all

text: boys

text: private

text: school

text: in

text: Boston

text: USA

text: Former

text: Eton

text: headmaster

text: and

text: provost

text: Sir

text: Eric

text: Anderson

text: shares

text: a

text: close

text: friendship

text: with

text: Roxbury

text: Latin

text: Headmaster

text: emeritus

text: F.

text: Washington

text: Jarvis

text: Anderson

text: has

text: visited

text: Roxbury

text: Latin

text: on

text: numerous

text: occasions

text: while

text: Jarvis

text: briefly

text: taught

text: theology

text: at

text: Eton

text: after

text: retiring

text: from

text: his

text: headmaster

text: post

text: at

text: Roxbury

text: Latin

text: The

text: headmasters

text: close

text: friendship

text: spawned

text: the

text: Hennessy

text: Scholarship

text: an

text: annual

text: prize

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: awarded

text: to

text: a

text: graduating

text: RL

text: senior

text: for

text: a

text: year

text: of

text: study

text: at

text: Eton

text: Hennessy

text: Scholars

text: generally

text: reside

text: in

text: Wotton

text: house

question: Which male private school in Boston, USA has Eton formed a relationship with?

answer: Roxbury Latin School

text: Roxbury Latin School

question: Where do Hennessy Scholars typically reside?

answer: Wotton house

text: Wotton house

question: In which year was the Hennessy Scholarship founded?

answer: 2005

question: What is the G20 School's Group?

answer: a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world

text: a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world

question: In what year was Robert College founded in Turkey?

question: In what year did F. Washington Jarvis retire from Roxbury Latin at their headmaster?

question: In what year did Singapore's Raffles Institution open their doors?

question: In what year was the G20 Schools Group established?

question: Who was Switzerland's International School of Geneva's headmaster in 2005?

text: Eric Anderson


text: One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers "a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions." These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region).

title: Near_East

title: Near_East

text: One

text: such

text: institution

text: is

text: the

text: Centre

text: for

text: the

text: Study

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Documents

text: CSAD

text: founded

text: by

text: and

text: located

text: centrally

text: at

text: Oxford

text: University

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Among

text: its

text: many

text: activities

text: CSAD

text: numbers

text: a

text: long

text: term

text: project

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: library

text: of

text: digitised

text: images

text: of

text: Greek

text: inscriptions

text: These

text: it

text: arranges

text: by

text: region

text: The

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: region

text: besides

text: Egypt

text: includes

text: Cyprus

text: Persia

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: but

text: not

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: a

text: separate

text: region

question: What does CSAD stand for?

answer: Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents

text: Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents

question: Who founded the CSAD?

answer: Oxford University

text: Oxford University

question: Where is Oxford University?

answer: Great Britain

text: Great Britain


text: Men typically wore a toga, and women a stola. The woman's stola differed in looks from a toga, and was usually brightly coloured. The cloth and the dress distinguished one class of people from the other class. The tunic worn by plebeians, or common people, like shepherds and slaves, was made from coarse and dark material, whereas the tunic worn by patricians was of linen or white wool. A knight or magistrate would wear an augusticlavus, a tunic bearing small purple studs. Senators wore tunics with broad red stripes, called tunica laticlavia. Military tunics were shorter than the ones worn by civilians. Boys, up until the festival of Liberalia, wore the toga praetexta, which was a toga with a crimson or purple border. The toga virilis, (or toga pura) was worn by men over the age of 16 to signify their citizenship in Rome. The toga picta was worn by triumphant generals and had embroidery of their skill on the battlefield. The toga pulla was worn when in mourning.[citation needed]

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: Men

text: typically

text: wore

text: a

text: toga

text: and

text: women

text: a

text: stola

text: The

text: woman

text: 's

text: stola

text: differed

text: in

text: looks

text: from

text: a

text: toga

text: and

text: was

text: usually

text: brightly

text: coloured

text: The

text: cloth

text: and

text: the

text: dress

text: distinguished

text: one

text: class

text: of

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: class

text: The

text: tunic

text: worn

text: by

text: plebeians

text: or

text: common

text: people

text: like

text: shepherds

text: and

text: slaves

text: was

text: made

text: from

text: coarse

text: and

text: dark

text: material

text: whereas

text: the

text: tunic

text: worn

text: by

text: patricians

text: was

text: of

text: linen

text: or

text: white

text: wool

text: A

text: knight

text: or

text: magistrate

text: would

text: wear

text: an

text: augusticlavus

text: a

text: tunic

text: bearing

text: small

text: purple

text: studs

text: Senators

text: wore

text: tunics

text: with

text: broad

text: red

text: stripes

text: called

text: tunica

text: laticlavia

text: Military

text: tunics

text: were

text: shorter

text: than

text: the

text: ones

text: worn

text: by

text: civilians

text: Boys

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: festival

text: of

text: Liberalia

text: wore

text: the

text: toga

text: praetexta

text: which

text: was

text: a

text: toga

text: with

text: a

text: crimson

text: or

text: purple

text: border

text: The

text: toga

text: virilis

text: or

text: toga

text: pura

text: was

text: worn

text: by

text: men

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: to

text: signify

text: their

text: citizenship

text: in

text: Rome

text: The

text: toga

text: picta

text: was

text: worn

text: by

text: triumphant

text: generals

text: and

text: had

text: embroidery

text: of

text: their

text: skill

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: The

text: toga

text: pulla

text: was

text: worn

text: when

text: in

text: mourning.[citation

text: needed

question: What article of clothing could generally be found on a male Roman?

answer: a toga

text: a toga

question: What garment was worn by male gendered adults to convey their status as a citizen of Rome?

answer: toga virilis

text: toga virilis

question: What was typically worn after the loss of a loved one in the Roman Republic?

answer: The toga pulla

text: The toga pulla

question: Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping?

answer: Senators

text: Senators

question: How did a womans garment typically vary from a mans in the Roman Republic?

answer: usually brightly coloured

text: usually brightly coloured


text: In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names.

title: Dialect

title: Dialect

text: In

text: Tunisia

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Morocco

text: the

text: Darijas

text: spoken

text: North

text: African

text: languages

text: are

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: more

text: different

text: from

text: other

text: Arabic

text: dialects

text: Officially

text: North

text: African

text: countries

text: prefer

text: to

text: give

text: preference

text: to

text: the

text: Literary

text: Arabic

text: and

text: conduct

text: much

text: of

text: their

text: political

text: and

text: religious

text: life

text: in

text: it

text: adherence

text: to

text: Islam

text: and

text: refrain

text: from

text: declaring

text: each

text: country

text: 's

text: specific

text: variety

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: separate

text: language

text: because

text: Literary

text: Arabic

text: is

text: the

text: liturgical

text: language

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: sacred

text: book

text: the

text: Qur'an

text: Although

text: especially

text: since

text: the

text: the

text: Darijas

text: are

text: occupying

text: an

text: increasing

text: use

text: and

text: influence

text: in

text: the

text: cultural

text: life

text: of

text: these

text: countries

text: Examples

text: of

text: cultural

text: elements

text: where

text: Darijas

text: use

text: became

text: dominant

text: include

text: theatre

text: film

text: music

text: television

text: advertisement

text: social

text: media

text: folk

text: tale

text: books

text: and

text: companies

text: names

question: Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken?

answer: Algeria

text: Algeria

question: What is the liturgical language of Islam?

answer: Literary Arabic

text: Literary Arabic

question: In what language is the Qur'an written?

answer: Literary Arabic

text: Literary Arabic

question: What does the term Dariajs refer to?

answer: spoken North African languages

text: spoken North African languages

question: What is the dominant religion of North Africa?

answer: Islam

text: Islam

question: Where are the Darijas considered the same as other Arabic dialects?

text: Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco

question: Which countries tend to give preference to the Darijas?

text: North African countries

question: In which language is the Darijas written?

text: Literary Arabic

question: What is the language of folk-tale books?

text: Literary Arabic

question: Which language is the liturgical language of social media?

text: Literary Arabic


text: Midtown Raleigh is a residential and commercial area just North of the I-440 Beltline and is part of North Raleigh. It is roughly framed by Glenwood/Creedmoor Road to the West, Wake Forest Road to the East, and Millbrook Road to the North. It includes shopping centers such as North Hills and Crabtree Valley Mall. It also includes North Hills Park and part of the Raleigh Greenway System. The term was coined by the Greater Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, developer John Kane and planning director Mitchell Silver. The News & Observer newspaper started using the term for marketing purposes only. The Midtown Raleigh Alliance was founded on July 25, 2011 as a way for community leaders to promote the area.

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina

text: Midtown

text: Raleigh

text: is

text: a

text: residential

text: and

text: commercial

text: area

text: just

text: North

text: of

text: the

text: Beltline

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: Raleigh

text: It

text: is

text: roughly

text: framed

text: by

text: Glenwood

text: Creedmoor

text: Road

text: to

text: the

text: West

text: Wake

text: Forest

text: Road

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: Millbrook

text: Road

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: It

text: includes

text: shopping

text: centers

text: such

text: as

text: North

text: Hills

text: and

text: Crabtree

text: Valley

text: Mall

text: It

text: also

text: includes

text: North

text: Hills

text: Park

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Raleigh

text: Greenway

text: System

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: the

text: Greater

text: Raleigh

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Commerce

text: developer

text: John

text: Kane

text: and

text: planning

text: director

text: Mitchell

text: Silver

text: The

text: News

text: Observer

text: newspaper

text: started

text: using

text: the

text: term

text: for

text: marketing

text: purposes

text: only

text: The

text: Midtown

text: Raleigh

text: Alliance

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: July

text: as

text: a

text: way

text: for

text: community

text: leaders

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: area

question: Where is Midtown Raleigh?

answer: North of the I-440 Beltline

text: North of the I-440 Beltline

question: What frames Midtown Raleigh?

answer: Glenwood/Creedmoor Road to the West, Wake Forest Road to the East, and Millbrook Road

text: Glenwood/Creedmoor Road to the West, Wake Forest Road to the East, and Millbrook Road

question: Where is the North Hills Shopping center?

answer: Midtown Raleigh

text: Midtown Raleigh

question: Who was the area developer?

answer: John Kane

text: John Kane

question: When was the Midtown Raleigh Alliance formed?

answer: July 25, 2011

text: July 25, 2011

question: What is the area south of I-440?

text: Midtown Raleigh

question: Where is downtown Raleigh?

text: North of the I-440 Beltline

question: Where is the South Hills Shopping center located?

text: North Raleigh

question: When was the Midtown Raleigh Alliance dissolved?

text: July 25, 2011

question: Who fired the area developer?

text: John Kane


text: The physical relief of the island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the Troodos Mountains and the smaller Kyrenia Range, and the central plain they encompass, the Mesaoria. The Mesaoria plain is drained by the Pedieos River, the longest on the island. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western portions of the island and account for roughly half its area. The highest point on Cyprus is Mount Olympus at 1,952 m (6,404 ft), located in the centre of the Troodos range. The narrow Kyrenia Range, extending along the northern coastline, occupies substantially less area, and elevations are lower, reaching a maximum of 1,024 m (3,360 ft). The island lies within the Anatolian Plate.

title: Cyprus

title: Cyprus

text: The

text: physical

text: relief

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Troodos

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: Kyrenia

text: Range

text: and

text: the

text: central

text: plain

text: they

text: encompass

text: the

text: Mesaoria

text: The

text: Mesaoria

text: plain

text: is

text: drained

text: by

text: the

text: Pedieos

text: River

text: the

text: longest

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: The

text: Troodos

text: Mountains

text: cover

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: western

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: account

text: for

text: roughly

text: half

text: its

text: area

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: Cyprus

text: is

text: Mount

text: Olympus

text: at

text: m

text: ft

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Troodos

text: range

text: The

text: narrow

text: Kyrenia

text: Range

text: extending

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: coastline

text: occupies

text: substantially

text: less

text: area

text: and

text: elevations

text: are

text: lower

text: reaching

text: a

text: maximum

text: of

text: m

text: ft

text: The

text: island

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: Anatolian

text: Plate

question: What two mountains ranges are located on the island of Cyprus?

answer: Troodos Mountains and the smaller Kyrenia Range

text: Troodos Mountains and the smaller Kyrenia Range

question: What plain is located in between the Troodos Mountains and the Kyrenia Range?

answer: the Mesaoria

text: the Mesaoria

question: Which river drains the Mesaoria plain?

answer: Pedieos River

text: Pedieos River

question: What is the highest point on the island of Cyprus?

answer: Mount Olympus

text: Mount Olympus

question: How tall is Mount Olympus?

answer: 1,952 m (6,404 ft)

text: 1,952 m (6,404 ft)


text: John's position in France was considerably strengthened by the victory at Mirebeau, but John's treatment of his new prisoners and of his ally, William de Roches, quickly undermined these gains. De Roches was a powerful Anjou noble, but John largely ignored him, causing considerable offence, whilst the king kept the rebel leaders in such bad conditions that twenty-two of them died. At this time most of the regional nobility were closely linked through kinship, and this behaviour towards their relatives was regarded as unacceptable. William de Roches and other of John's regional allies in Anjou and Brittany deserted him in favour of Philip, and Brittany rose in fresh revolt. John's financial situation was tenuous: once factors such as the comparative military costs of materiel and soldiers were taken into account, Philip enjoyed a considerable, although not overwhelming, advantage of resources over John.[nb 6]

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: 's

text: position

text: in

text: France

text: was

text: considerably

text: strengthened

text: by

text: the

text: victory

text: at

text: Mirebeau

text: but

text: John

text: 's

text: treatment

text: of

text: his

text: new

text: prisoners

text: and

text: of

text: his

text: ally

text: William

text: de

text: Roches

text: quickly

text: undermined

text: these

text: gains

text: De

text: Roches

text: was

text: a

text: powerful

text: Anjou

text: noble

text: but

text: John

text: largely

text: ignored

text: him

text: causing

text: considerable

text: offence

text: whilst

text: the

text: king

text: kept

text: the

text: rebel

text: leaders

text: in

text: such

text: bad

text: conditions

text: that

text: twenty

text: two

text: of

text: them

text: died

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: regional

text: nobility

text: were

text: closely

text: linked

text: through

text: kinship

text: and

text: this

text: behaviour

text: towards

text: their

text: relatives

text: was

text: regarded

text: as

text: unacceptable

text: William

text: de

text: Roches

text: and

text: other

text: of

text: John

text: 's

text: regional

text: allies

text: in

text: Anjou

text: and

text: Brittany

text: deserted

text: him

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: Philip

text: and

text: Brittany

text: rose

text: in

text: fresh

text: revolt

text: John

text: 's

text: financial

text: situation

text: was

text: tenuous

text: once

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: comparative

text: military

text: costs

text: of

text: materiel

text: and

text: soldiers

text: were

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: Philip

text: enjoyed

text: a

text: considerable

text: although

text: not

text: overwhelming

text: advantage

text: of

text: resources

text: over

text: John.[nb

question: What victory strengthened John's position?

answer: Mirebeau

text: Mirebeau

question: Who deserted John in favor of Philip?

answer: William de Roches

text: William de Roches

question: How was John's financial situation?

answer: tenuous

text: tenuous


text: The military effectiveness of bombing varied. The Luftwaffe dropped around 45,000 short tons (41,000 t) of bombs during the Blitz disrupting production and transport, reducing food supplies and shaking the British morale. It also helped to support the U-Boat blockade by sinking some 58,000 long tons (59,000 t) of shipping destroyed and 450,000 long tons (460,000 t) damaged. Yet, overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period although there were significant falls during April 1941, probably influenced by the departure of workers of Easter Holidays according to the British official history. The British official history on war production noted the great impact was upon the supply of components rather than complete equipment. In aircraft production, the British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month, arguably the greatest achievement of the bombing, as it forced the dispersal of industry. In April 1941, when the targets were British ports, rifle production fell by 25%, filled-shell production by 4.6%, and in smallarms production 4.5% overall. The strategic impact on industrial cities was varied; most took from 10–15 days to recover from heavy raids, although Belfast and Liverpool took longer. The attacks against Birmingham took war industries some three months to recover fully from. The exhausted population took three weeks to overcome the effects of an attack.

title: The_Blitz

title: The_Blitz

text: The

text: military

text: effectiveness

text: of

text: bombing

text: varied

text: The

text: Luftwaffe

text: dropped

text: around

text: short

text: tons

text: t

text: of

text: bombs

text: during

text: the

text: Blitz

text: disrupting

text: production

text: and

text: transport

text: reducing

text: food

text: supplies

text: and

text: shaking

text: the

text: British

text: morale

text: It

text: also

text: helped

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: U

text: Boat

text: blockade

text: by

text: sinking

text: some

text: long

text: tons

text: t

text: of

text: shipping

text: destroyed

text: and

text: long

text: tons

text: t

text: damaged

text: Yet

text: overall

text: the

text: British

text: production

text: rose

text: steadily

text: throughout

text: this

text: period

text: although

text: there

text: were

text: significant

text: falls

text: during

text: April

text: probably

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: departure

text: of

text: workers

text: of

text: Easter

text: Holidays

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: official

text: history

text: The

text: British

text: official

text: history

text: on

text: war

text: production

text: noted

text: the

text: great

text: impact

text: was

text: upon

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: components

text: rather

text: than

text: complete

text: equipment

text: In

text: aircraft

text: production

text: the

text: British

text: were

text: denied

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: planned

text: target

text: of

text: aircraft

text: in

text: a

text: month

text: arguably

text: the

text: greatest

text: achievement

text: of

text: the

text: bombing

text: as

text: it

text: forced

text: the

text: dispersal

text: of

text: industry

text: In

text: April

text: when

text: the

text: targets

text: were

text: British

text: ports

text: rifle

text: production

text: fell

text: by

text: filled

text: shell

text: production

text: by

text: and

text: in

text: smallarms

text: production

text: overall

text: The

text: strategic

text: impact

text: on

text: industrial

text: cities

text: was

text: varied

text: most

text: took

text: from

text: days

text: to

text: recover

text: from

text: heavy

text: raids

text: although

text: Belfast

text: and

text: Liverpool

text: took

text: longer

text: The

text: attacks

text: against

text: Birmingham

text: took

text: war

text: industries

text: some

text: three

text: months

text: to

text: recover

text: fully

text: from

text: The

text: exhausted

text: population

text: took

text: three

text: weeks

text: to

text: overcome

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: an

text: attack

question: The Luftwaffe used how many short tons of bombs during the Blitz?

answer: 45,000 short tons

text: 45,000 short tons

question: The Luftwaffe helped the U-boats by sinking how much shipping?

answer: 58,000 long tons

text: 58,000 long tons

question: How did the British production fare as a result of all the bombing?

answer: overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period

text: overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period

question: What was the greatest achievement of the bombings?

answer: British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month

text: British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month

question: How long was the recovery of industrial cities from raids?

answer: most took from 10–15 days

text: most took from 10–15 days


text: Photometric studies (also sometimes referred to as "layouts" or "point by points") are often used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated. This enables architects, lighting designers, and engineers to determine whether a proposed lighting setup will deliver the amount of light intended. They will also be able to determine the contrast ratio between light and dark areas. In many cases these studies are referenced against IESNA or CIBSE recommended lighting practices for the type of application. Depending on the type of area, different design aspects may be emphasized for safety or practicality (i.e. such as maintaining uniform light levels, avoiding glare or highlighting certain areas). Specialized software is often used to create these, which typically combine the use of two-dimensional digital CAD drawings and lighting calculation software (i.e. AGi32or Dialux).

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Photometric

text: studies

text: also

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: layouts

text: or

text: point

text: by

text: points

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: simulate

text: lighting

text: designs

text: for

text: projects

text: before

text: they

text: are

text: built

text: or

text: renovated

text: This

text: enables

text: architects

text: lighting

text: designers

text: and

text: engineers

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: a

text: proposed

text: lighting

text: setup

text: will

text: deliver

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: light

text: intended

text: They

text: will

text: also

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: contrast

text: ratio

text: between

text: light

text: and

text: dark

text: areas

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: these

text: studies

text: are

text: referenced

text: against

text: IESNA

text: or

text: CIBSE

text: recommended

text: lighting

text: practices

text: for

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: application

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: area

text: different

text: design

text: aspects

text: may

text: be

text: emphasized

text: for

text: safety

text: or

text: practicality

text: i.e.

text: such

text: as

text: maintaining

text: uniform

text: light

text: levels

text: avoiding

text: glare

text: or

text: highlighting

text: certain

text: areas

text: Specialized

text: software

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: create

text: these

text: which

text: typically

text: combine

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: two

text: dimensional

text: digital

text: CAD

text: drawings

text: and

text: lighting

text: calculation

text: software

text: i.e.

text: Dialux

question: What type of study is used to simulate lighting designs?

answer: Photometric studies

text: Photometric studies


text: One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games, Hockey Night in Canada. It has been televised by the network since 1952. During the NHL lockout and subsequent cancellation of the 2004-2005 hockey season, CBC instead aired various recent and classic movies, branded as Movie Night in Canada, on Saturday nights. Many cultural groups criticized this and suggested the CBC air games from minor hockey leagues; the CBC responded that most such broadcast rights were already held by other groups, but it did base each Movie Night broadcast from a different Canadian hockey venue. Other than hockey, CBC Sports properties include Toronto Raptors basketball, Toronto FC Soccer, and various other amateur and professional events.

title: CBC_Television

title: CBC_Television

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: shows

text: on

text: CBC

text: Television

text: is

text: the

text: weekly

text: Saturday

text: night

text: broadcast

text: of

text: NHL

text: hockey

text: games

text: Hockey

text: Night

text: in

text: Canada

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: televised

text: by

text: the

text: network

text: since

text: During

text: the

text: NHL

text: lockout

text: and

text: subsequent

text: cancellation

text: of

text: the

text: hockey

text: season

text: CBC

text: instead

text: aired

text: various

text: recent

text: and

text: classic

text: movies

text: branded

text: as

text: Movie

text: Night

text: in

text: Canada

text: on

text: Saturday

text: nights

text: Many

text: cultural

text: groups

text: criticized

text: this

text: and

text: suggested

text: the

text: CBC

text: air

text: games

text: from

text: minor

text: hockey

text: leagues

text: the

text: CBC

text: responded

text: that

text: most

text: such

text: broadcast

text: rights

text: were

text: already

text: held

text: by

text: other

text: groups

text: but

text: it

text: did

text: base

text: each

text: Movie

text: Night

text: broadcast

text: from

text: a

text: different

text: Canadian

text: hockey

text: venue

text: Other

text: than

text: hockey

text: CBC

text: Sports

text: properties

text: include

text: Toronto

text: Raptors

text: basketball

text: Toronto

text: FC

text: Soccer

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: amateur

text: and

text: professional

text: events

question: What year did HNIC begin being broadcasted on CBC?

answer: 1952

question: What did CBC air during the NHL lockout?

answer: various recent and classic movies

text: various recent and classic movies

question: What did CBC call it's movie showings during the NHL Lockout?

answer: Movie Night in Canada

text: Movie Night in Canada

question: On what nights does CBC generally reserve broadcasting for hockey?

answer: Saturday

text: Saturday

question: what popular show has aired on the CBC since its inception in 1952?

text: Hockey Night in Canada

question: The NHL refused the CBC access to hockey games during which season?

question: The CBC lost sponsorship when they refused to air what games?

text: minor hockey leagues

question: When movie Night in Canada was not successful, what other sports team rights did the CBC acquire?


text: The release of Apple's iPad tablet computer had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or Google Android. The Dell Streak was a failure commercially and critically due to its outdated OS, numerous bugs, and low resolution screen. InfoWorld suggested that Dell and other OEMs saw tablets as a short-term, low-investment opportunity running Google Android, an approach that neglected user interface and failed to gain long term market traction with consumers. Dell has responded by pushing higher-end PCs, such as the XPS line of notebooks, which do not compete with the Apple iPad and Kindle Fire tablets. The growing popularity of smartphones and tablet computers instead of PCs drove Dell's consumer segment to an operating loss in Q3 2012. In December 2012, Dell suffered its first decline in holiday sales in five years, despite the introduction of Windows 8.

title: Dell

title: Dell

text: The

text: release

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: iPad

text: tablet

text: computer

text: had

text: a

text: negative

text: impact

text: on

text: Dell

text: and

text: other

text: major

text: PC

text: vendors

text: as

text: consumers

text: switched

text: away

text: from

text: desktop

text: and

text: laptop

text: PCs

text: Dell

text: 's

text: own

text: mobility

text: division

text: has

text: not

text: managed

text: success

text: with

text: developing

text: smartphones

text: or

text: tablets

text: whether

text: running

text: Windows

text: or

text: Google

text: Android

text: The

text: Dell

text: Streak

text: was

text: a

text: failure

text: commercially

text: and

text: critically

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: outdated

text: OS

text: numerous

text: bugs

text: and

text: low

text: resolution

text: screen

text: InfoWorld

text: suggested

text: that

text: Dell

text: and

text: other

text: OEMs

text: saw

text: tablets

text: as

text: a

text: short

text: term

text: low

text: investment

text: opportunity

text: running

text: Google

text: Android

text: an

text: approach

text: that

text: neglected

text: user

text: interface

text: and

text: failed

text: to

text: gain

text: long

text: term

text: market

text: traction

text: with

text: consumers

text: Dell

text: has

text: responded

text: by

text: pushing

text: higher

text: end

text: PCs

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: XPS

text: line

text: of

text: notebooks

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: compete

text: with

text: the

text: Apple

text: iPad

text: and

text: Kindle

text: Fire

text: tablets

text: The

text: growing

text: popularity

text: of

text: smartphones

text: and

text: tablet

text: computers

text: instead

text: of

text: PCs

text: drove

text: Dell

text: 's

text: consumer

text: segment

text: to

text: an

text: operating

text: loss

text: in

text: In

text: December

text: Dell

text: suffered

text: its

text: first

text: decline

text: in

text: holiday

text: sales

text: in

text: five

text: years

text: despite

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: Windows

question: The release of what electronic had a negative impact on Dell?

answer: iPad

text: iPad

question: Which division of Dell were unsuccessful in developing mobile devices?

answer: mobility

text: mobility

question: What Dell product was a commercial failure?

answer: Streak

text: Streak

question: What line of high end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products?

answer: XPS

text: XPS

question: What year did Dell see its first decline in holiday sales?

answer: 2012

question: The release of what electronic had a positive impact on Dell?

text: iPad

question: Which division of Dell were successful in developing mobile devices?

text: mobility

question: What Dell product was a commercial success?

text: Streak

question: What line of low end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products?

text: XPS

question: What year did Dell see its first rise in holiday sales?


text: Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages. Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation." Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system. Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to follow the same policy as state schools, and "English language" is a compulsory subject. As in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low.

title: Namibia

title: Namibia

text: Up

text: to

text: English

text: German

text: and

text: Afrikaans

text: were

text: official

text: languages

text: Long

text: before

text: Namibia

text: 's

text: independence

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: SWAPO

text: was

text: of

text: the

text: opinion

text: that

text: the

text: country

text: should

text: become

text: officially

text: monolingual

text: choosing

text: this

text: approach

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: its

text: neighbour

text: South

text: Africa

text: which

text: granted

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: major

text: languages

text: official

text: status

text: which

text: was

text: seen

text: by

text: them

text: as

text: a

text: deliberate

text: policy

text: of

text: ethnolinguistic

text: fragmentation

text: Consequently

text: SWAPO

text: instituted

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: sole

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: Namibia

text: though

text: only

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: speaks

text: it

text: as

text: a

text: home

text: language

text: Its

text: implementation

text: is

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: education

text: and

text: the

text: broadcasting

text: system

text: Some

text: other

text: languages

text: have

text: received

text: semi

text: official

text: recognition

text: by

text: being

text: allowed

text: as

text: medium

text: of

text: instruction

text: in

text: primary

text: schools

text: It

text: is

text: expected

text: of

text: private

text: schools

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: same

text: policy

text: as

text: state

text: schools

text: and

text: English

text: language

text: is

text: a

text: compulsory

text: subject

text: As

text: in

text: other

text: postcolonial

text: African

text: societies

text: the

text: push

text: for

text: monolingual

text: instruction

text: and

text: policy

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: school

text: drop

text: outs

text: and

text: of

text: individuals

text: whose

text: academic

text: competence

text: in

text: any

text: language

text: is

text: low

question: German, English, and Afrikaans were the official languages until when in Namibia?

answer: 1990

question: SWAPO thought Namibia should have what type of official language?

answer: monolingual

text: monolingual

question: What is the primary language of Namibia, as SWAPO instituted?

answer: English

text: English

question: How many Namibian's speak English?

answer: 3%

question: There was a high rate of what due to monolingual instruction?

answer: school drop-outs

text: school drop-outs

question: What is one of the 11 official languages of South Africa?

text: German

question: What percentage of people speak Afrikaans in Namibia?

question: What percentage of people speak German in Namibia?

question: The push for monolingual instruction has been a success in what African country?

text: Namibia

question: How many people in Namibia can speak English at all?


text: The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed]

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: The

text: Olympic

text: Flame

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: remain

text: lit

text: for

text: the

text: whole

text: relay

text: When

text: the

text: Torch

text: is

text: extinguished

text: at

text: night

text: on

text: airplanes

text: in

text: bad

text: weather

text: or

text: during

text: protests

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: several

text: occasions

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Flame

text: is

text: kept

text: alight

text: in

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: lanterns.[citation

text: needed

question: In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?

answer: lanterns.

text: lanterns.

question: The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?

answer: during protests

text: during protests


text: In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator circuit. Although DVD players were capable of playing Dolby Digital tracks, the signal out of DVD player were not in a modulated form and not compatible with the inputs designed for LaserDisc AC-3. Outboard demodulators were available for a period that convert the AC-3 signal to standard Dolby Digital signal that was compatible with the standard Dolby Digital/PCM inputs on capable AV receivers. Another type marketed by Onkyo and others converted the RF AC-3 signal to 6-channel analog audio.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: In

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: many

text: higher

text: end

text: AV

text: receivers

text: included

text: the

text: demodulator

text: circuit

text: specifically

text: for

text: the

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: RF

text: modulated

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: signal

text: By

text: the

text: late

text: with

text: LaserDisc

text: players

text: and

text: disc

text: sales

text: declining

text: due

text: to

text: DVD

text: 's

text: growing

text: popularity

text: the

text: AV

text: receiver

text: manufacturers

text: removed

text: the

text: demodulator

text: circuit

text: Although

text: DVD

text: players

text: were

text: capable

text: of

text: playing

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: tracks

text: the

text: signal

text: out

text: of

text: DVD

text: player

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: a

text: modulated

text: form

text: and

text: not

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: inputs

text: designed

text: for

text: LaserDisc

text: Outboard

text: demodulators

text: were

text: available

text: for

text: a

text: period

text: that

text: convert

text: the

text: signal

text: to

text: standard

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: signal

text: that

text: was

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: standard

text: Dolby

text: Digital

text: PCM

text: inputs

text: on

text: capable

text: AV

text: receivers

text: Another

text: type

text: marketed

text: by

text: Onkyo

text: and

text: others

text: converted

text: the

text: RF

text: signal

text: to

text: analog

text: audio

question: What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline?

answer: DVD's growing popularity

text: DVD's growing popularity

question: Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models?

answer: higher-end

text: higher-end

question: What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to?

answer: 6-channel analog audio

text: 6-channel analog audio


text: Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "A" mountain. Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches. Eventually the town came to be called "Tucson" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.

title: Tucson,_Arizona

title: Tucson,_Arizona

text: Jesuit

text: missionary

text: Eusebio

text: Francisco

text: Kino

text: visited

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

text: valley

text: in

text: and

text: founded

text: the

text: Mission

text: San

text: Xavier

text: del

text: Bac

text: in

text: about

text: mi

text: km

text: upstream

text: from

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: settlement

text: of

text: Tucson

text: A

text: separate

text: Convento

text: settlement

text: was

text: founded

text: downstream

text: along

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

text: near

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: A

text: mountain

text: Hugo

text: O'Conor

text: the

text: founding

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Tucson

text: Arizona

text: authorized

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: a

text: military

text: fort

text: in

text: that

text: location

text: Presidio

text: San

text: Agustín

text: del

text: Tucsón

text: on

text: August

text: near

text: the

text: present

text: downtown

text: Pima

text: County

text: Courthouse

text: During

text: the

text: Spanish

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: presidio

text: attacks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: Battle

text: of

text: Tucson

text: were

text: repeatedly

text: mounted

text: by

text: Apaches

text: Eventually

text: the

text: town

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: Tucson

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: Sonora

text: after

text: Mexico

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: Spain

text: in

question: Who is considered the founding father of Tuscan?

answer: Hugo O'Conor

text: Hugo O'Conor

question: What year did Mexico gain independence from Spain?

answer: 1821

question: Who founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac?

answer: Eusebio Francisco Kino

text: Eusebio Francisco Kino

question: How many miles was Mission San Xavier del Bac from Tuscon?

answer: 7

question: Which missionary came to the Santa Cruz River area in 1692?

answer: Eusebio Francisco Kino

text: Eusebio Francisco Kino

question: What religion was Kino?

answer: Jesuit

text: Jesuit

question: What mission did Kino found?

answer: Mission San Xavier del Bac

text: Mission San Xavier del Bac

question: When did Kino found the del Bac mission?

answer: 1700

question: Who is Tucson's 'founding father'?

answer: Hugo O'Conor

text: Hugo O'Conor


text: Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government implemented preventative measures, reducing food prices, purging the army leadership of potential defectors and releasing several Islamist prisoners. They proved ineffective, and on 17 February 2011, major protests broke out against Gaddafi's government. Unlike Tunisia or Egypt, Libya was largely religiously homogenous and had no strong Islamist movement, but there was widespread dissatisfaction with the corruption and entrenched systems of patronage, while unemployment had reached around 30%.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: Following

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Spring

text: in

text: Gaddafi

text: spoke

text: out

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: Tunisian

text: President

text: Zine

text: El

text: Abidine

text: Ben

text: Ali

text: then

text: threatened

text: by

text: the

text: Tunisian

text: Revolution

text: He

text: suggested

text: that

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: people

text: would

text: be

text: satisfied

text: if

text: Ben

text: Ali

text: introduced

text: a

text: Jamahiriyah

text: system

text: there

text: Fearing

text: domestic

text: protest

text: Libya

text: 's

text: government

text: implemented

text: preventative

text: measures

text: reducing

text: food

text: prices

text: purging

text: the

text: army

text: leadership

text: of

text: potential

text: defectors

text: and

text: releasing

text: several

text: Islamist

text: prisoners

text: They

text: proved

text: ineffective

text: and

text: on

text: February

text: major

text: protests

text: broke

text: out

text: against

text: Gaddafi

text: 's

text: government

text: Unlike

text: Tunisia

text: or

text: Egypt

text: Libya

text: was

text: largely

text: religiously

text: homogenous

text: and

text: had

text: no

text: strong

text: Islamist

text: movement

text: but

text: there

text: was

text: widespread

text: dissatisfaction

text: with

text: the

text: corruption

text: and

text: entrenched

text: systems

text: of

text: patronage

text: while

text: unemployment

text: had

text: reached

text: around

question: In what year did the so-called Arab Spring occur?

answer: 2011

question: Who was the president of Tunisia in 2011?

answer: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali

text: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali

question: About what percentage of the Libyan population was unemployed in 2011?

answer: 30

question: On what date in 2011 did protests begin in Libya?

answer: 17 February

text: 17 February

question: Along with corruption, what were Libyans upset with in 2011?

answer: patronage

text: patronage


text: A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility.

title: Idealism

title: Idealism

text: A

text: major

text: concern

text: of

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: Phenomenology

text: of

text: Spirit

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: Spirit

text: that

text: he

text: lays

text: out

text: in

text: his

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: the

text: Philosophical

text: Sciences

text: is

text: the

text: interrelation

text: between

text: individual

text: humans

text: which

text: he

text: conceives

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: mutual

text: recognition

text: However

text: what

text: Climacus

text: means

text: by

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: statement

text: is

text: that

text: Hegel

text: in

text: the

text: Philosophy

text: of

text: Right

text: believed

text: the

text: best

text: solution

text: was

text: to

text: surrender

text: one

text: 's

text: individuality

text: to

text: the

text: customs

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: identifying

text: right

text: and

text: wrong

text: in

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: prevailing

text: bourgeois

text: morality

text: Individual

text: human

text: will

text: ought

text: at

text: the

text: State

text: 's

text: highest

text: level

text: of

text: development

text: to

text: properly

text: coincide

text: with

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: Climacus

text: rejects

text: Hegel

text: 's

text: suppression

text: of

text: individuality

text: by

text: pointing

text: out

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: valid

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: or

text: system

text: in

text: any

text: society

text: which

text: can

text: adequately

text: describe

text: existence

text: for

text: any

text: one

text: individual

text: Submitting

text: one

text: 's

text: will

text: to

text: the

text: State

text: denies

text: personal

text: freedom

text: choice

text: and

text: responsibility

question: Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences?

answer: Hegel

text: Hegel

question: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?

answer: 1807

question: What trait did Climacus believe that Hegel suppressed?

answer: individuality

text: individuality

question: Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?

answer: State

text: State

question: What conception of right and wrong did Climacus believe Hegel endorsed?

answer: bourgeois

text: bourgeois

question: When was Philosophy of Right published?

question: What did Climacus write?

text: Philosophy of Right

question: What term did Hegel coin?

text: mutual recognition

question: Which of Hegel's ideas did Climacus accept?

text: suppression of individuality

question: When was Climacus's criticism of Hegel published?


text: Studies of nutritional status must take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the chemical composition of the whole diet and of all material excreted and eliminated from the body (in urine and feces). Comparing the food to the waste can help determine the specific compounds and elements absorbed and metabolized in the body. The effects of nutrients may only be discernible over an extended period, during which all food and waste must be analyzed. The number of variables involved in such experiments is high, making nutritional studies time-consuming and expensive, which explains why the science of animal nutrition is still slowly evolving.

title: Nutrition

title: Nutrition

text: Studies

text: of

text: nutritional

text: status

text: must

text: take

text: into

text: account

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: experiments

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: chemical

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: whole

text: diet

text: and

text: of

text: all

text: material

text: excreted

text: and

text: eliminated

text: from

text: the

text: body

text: in

text: urine

text: and

text: feces

text: Comparing

text: the

text: food

text: to

text: the

text: waste

text: can

text: help

text: determine

text: the

text: specific

text: compounds

text: and

text: elements

text: absorbed

text: and

text: metabolized

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: nutrients

text: may

text: only

text: be

text: discernible

text: over

text: an

text: extended

text: period

text: during

text: which

text: all

text: food

text: and

text: waste

text: must

text: be

text: analyzed

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: variables

text: involved

text: in

text: such

text: experiments

text: is

text: high

text: making

text: nutritional

text: studies

text: time

text: consuming

text: and

text: expensive

text: which

text: explains

text: why

text: the

text: science

text: of

text: animal

text: nutrition

text: is

text: still

text: slowly

text: evolving

question: What needs to be compared to the waste products from humans to determine what is absorbed in the body?

answer: food

text: food

question: It is important to examine both the feces and what other excrement when studying absorption?

answer: urine

text: urine

question: Other than time consuming, what else are nutritional studies due to their length and variable count?

answer: expensive

text: expensive

question: At which rate is the science behind nutrition continuing to evolve?

answer: slowly

text: slowly


text: During the 1930s, the first two motorways were built across the Land, the A4 motorway as an important east-west connection in central Germany and the main link between Berlin and south-west Germany, and the A9 motorway as the main north-south route in eastern Germany, connecting Berlin with Munich. The A4 runs from Frankfurt in Hesse via Eisenach, Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, Jena and Gera to Dresden in Saxony, connecting Thuringia's most important cities. At Hermsdorf junction it is connected with the A9. Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990, including some extensive re-routing in the Eisenach and Jena areas. Furthermore, three new motorways were built during the 1990s and 2000s. The A71 crosses the Land in southwest-northeast direction, connecting Würzburg in Bavaria via Meiningen, Suhl, Ilmenau, Arnstadt, Erfurt and Sömmerda with Sangerhausen and Halle in Saxony-Anhalt. The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71 has been one of Germany's most expensive motorway segments with various tunnels (including Germany's longest road tunnel, the Rennsteig Tunnel) and large bridges. The A73 starts at the A71 south of Erfurt in Suhl and runs south towards Nuremberg in Bavaria. The A38 is another west-east connection in the north of Thuringia running from Göttingen in Lower Saxony via Heiligenstadt and Nordhausen to Leipzig in Saxony. Furthermore, there is a dense network of federal highways complementing the motorway network. The upgrading of federal highways is prioritised in the federal trunk road programme 2015 (Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2015). Envisaged projects include upgrades of the B247 from Gotha to Leinefelde to improve Mühlhausen's connection to the national road network, the B19 from Eisenach to Meiningen to improve access to Bad Salzungen and Schmalkalden, and the B88 and B281 for strengthening the Saalfeld/Rudolstadt region.

title: Thuringia

title: Thuringia

text: During

text: the

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: motorways

text: were

text: built

text: across

text: the

text: Land

text: the

text: motorway

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: east

text: west

text: connection

text: in

text: central

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: link

text: between

text: Berlin

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: motorway

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: north

text: south

text: route

text: in

text: eastern

text: Germany

text: connecting

text: Berlin

text: with

text: Munich

text: The

text: runs

text: from

text: Frankfurt

text: in

text: Hesse

text: via

text: Eisenach

text: Gotha

text: Erfurt

text: Weimar

text: Jena

text: and

text: Gera

text: to

text: Dresden

text: in

text: Saxony

text: connecting

text: Thuringia

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: cities

text: At

text: Hermsdorf

text: junction

text: it

text: is

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: Both

text: highways

text: were

text: widened

text: from

text: four

text: to

text: six

text: lanes

text: three

text: each

text: way

text: after

text: including

text: some

text: extensive

text: re

text: routing

text: in

text: the

text: Eisenach

text: and

text: Jena

text: areas

text: Furthermore

text: three

text: new

text: motorways

text: were

text: built

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: The

text: crosses

text: the

text: Land

text: in

text: southwest

text: northeast

text: direction

text: connecting

text: Würzburg

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: via

text: Meiningen

text: Suhl

text: Ilmenau

text: Arnstadt

text: Erfurt

text: and

text: Sömmerda

text: with

text: Sangerhausen

text: and

text: Halle

text: in

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: The

text: crossing

text: of

text: the

text: Thuringian

text: Forest

text: by

text: the

text: has

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: most

text: expensive

text: motorway

text: segments

text: with

text: various

text: tunnels

text: including

text: Germany

text: 's

text: longest

text: road

text: tunnel

text: the

text: Rennsteig

text: Tunnel

text: and

text: large

text: bridges

text: The

text: starts

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Erfurt

text: in

text: Suhl

text: and

text: runs

text: south

text: towards

text: Nuremberg

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: The

text: is

text: another

text: west

text: east

text: connection

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Thuringia

text: running

text: from

text: Göttingen

text: in

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: via

text: Heiligenstadt

text: and

text: Nordhausen

text: to

text: Leipzig

text: in

text: Saxony

text: Furthermore

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: dense

text: network

text: of

text: federal

text: highways

text: complementing

text: the

text: motorway

text: network

text: The

text: upgrading

text: of

text: federal

text: highways

text: is

text: prioritised

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: trunk

text: road

text: programme

text: Bundesverkehrswegeplan

text: Envisaged

text: projects

text: include

text: upgrades

text: of

text: the

text: from

text: Gotha

text: to

text: Leinefelde

text: to

text: improve

text: Mühlhausen

text: 's

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: road

text: network

text: the

text: from

text: Eisenach

text: to

text: Meiningen

text: to

text: improve

text: access

text: to

text: Bad

text: Salzungen

text: and

text: Schmalkalden

text: and

text: the

text: and

text: for

text: strengthening

text: the

text: Saalfeld

text: Rudolstadt

text: region

question: When were the first motorways built in Thuringia?

answer: During the 1930s

text: During the 1930s

question: When were the two motorways expanded?

answer: Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990

text: Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990

question: When were three additional roads built?

answer: during the 1990s and 2000s

text: during the 1990s and 2000s

question: Which motorway is Thuringia's most expensive?

answer: The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71

text: The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71

question: What is the top priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015?

answer: The upgrading of federal highways

text: The upgrading of federal highways

question: What is the bottom priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015?

text: The upgrading of federal highways

question: When were the first motorways buried in Thuringia?

text: During the 1930s

question: When were the two motorways shortened?

text: after 1990

question: When were eight additional roads built?

text: during the 1990s and 2000s

question: Which motorway is Thuringia's cheapest?


text: The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors is due to the desktop iMac moving from affordable (iMac G3) to upscale (iMac G4) and subsequent releases are considered premium all-in-ones. By contrast the MSRP of the MacBook laptop lines have dropped through successive generations such that the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro constitute the lowest price of entry to a Mac, with the exception of the even more inexpensive Mac Mini (the only sub-$1000 offering from Apple, albeit without a monitor and keyboard), not surprisingly the MacBooks are the top-selling form factors of the Macintosh platform today. The use of Intel microprocessors has helped Macs more directly compete with their Windows counterparts on price and performance, and by the 2010s Apple was receiving Intel's latest CPUs first before other PC manufacturers.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: The

text: sales

text: breakdown

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: have

text: seen

text: sales

text: of

text: desktop

text: Macs

text: stayed

text: mostly

text: constant

text: while

text: being

text: surpassed

text: by

text: that

text: of

text: Mac

text: notebooks

text: whose

text: sales

text: rate

text: has

text: grown

text: considerably

text: seven

text: out

text: of

text: ten

text: Macs

text: sold

text: were

text: laptops

text: in

text: a

text: ratio

text: projected

text: to

text: rise

text: to

text: three

text: out

text: of

text: four

text: by

text: The

text: change

text: in

text: sales

text: of

text: form

text: factors

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: desktop

text: iMac

text: moving

text: from

text: affordable

text: iMac

text: to

text: upscale

text: iMac

text: and

text: subsequent

text: releases

text: are

text: considered

text: premium

text: all

text: in

text: ones

text: By

text: contrast

text: the

text: MSRP

text: of

text: the

text: MacBook

text: laptop

text: lines

text: have

text: dropped

text: through

text: successive

text: generations

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: MacBook

text: Air

text: and

text: MacBook

text: Pro

text: constitute

text: the

text: lowest

text: price

text: of

text: entry

text: to

text: a

text: Mac

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: even

text: more

text: inexpensive

text: Mac

text: Mini

text: the

text: only

text: offering

text: from

text: Apple

text: albeit

text: without

text: a

text: monitor

text: and

text: keyboard

text: not

text: surprisingly

text: the

text: MacBooks

text: are

text: the

text: top

text: selling

text: form

text: factors

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: platform

text: today

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: Intel

text: microprocessors

text: has

text: helped

text: Macs

text: more

text: directly

text: compete

text: with

text: their

text: Windows

text: counterparts

text: on

text: price

text: and

text: performance

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Apple

text: was

text: receiving

text: Intel

text: 's

text: latest

text: CPUs

text: first

text: before

text: other

text: PC

text: manufacturers

question: In 2009, how many Macs sold were laptops?

answer: seven out of ten

text: seven out of ten

question: What has helped Macs more directly compete with Windows on price and performance?

answer: The use of Intel microprocessors

text: The use of Intel microprocessors

question: In 2010, what did Apple receive before other PC manufacturers?

answer: Intel's latest CPUs

text: Intel's latest CPUs

question: What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today?

answer: MacBooks

text: MacBooks

question: What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered?

answer: Mac Mini

text: Mac Mini

question: In 2008, how many Macs sold were laptops?

text: seven out of ten

question: What has helped Macs more indirectly compete with Windows on price and performance?

text: The use of Intel microprocessors

question: In 2012, what did Apple receive before other PC manufacturers?

text: Intel's latest CPUs

question: What are the low-selling form factors of the Mac platform today?

text: MacBooks

question: What is the name of the most expensive Mac offered?

text: Mac Mini


text: Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra. In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. He also lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world. Arabic translations of the two astronomers' texts were soon available in the Islamic world, introducing what would become Arabic numerals to the Islamic World by the 9th century. During the 14th–16th centuries, the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics made significant advances in astronomy and especially mathematics, including fields such as trigonometry and analysis. In particular, Madhava of Sangamagrama is considered the "founder of mathematical analysis".

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Indian

text: astronomer

text: and

text: mathematician

text: Aryabhata

text: in

text: his

text: Aryabhatiya

text: introduced

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: trigonometric

text: functions

text: including

text: sine

text: versine

text: cosine

text: and

text: inverse

text: sine

text: trigonometric

text: tables

text: and

text: techniques

text: and

text: algorithms

text: of

text: algebra

text: In

text: AD

text: Brahmagupta

text: suggested

text: that

text: gravity

text: was

text: a

text: force

text: of

text: attraction

text: He

text: also

text: lucidly

text: explained

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: zero

text: as

text: both

text: a

text: placeholder

text: and

text: a

text: decimal

text: digit

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Arabic

text: numeral

text: system

text: now

text: used

text: universally

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: Arabic

text: translations

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: astronomers

text: texts

text: were

text: soon

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: Islamic

text: world

text: introducing

text: what

text: would

text: become

text: Arabic

text: numerals

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: World

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: During

text: the

text: centuries

text: the

text: Kerala

text: school

text: of

text: astronomy

text: and

text: mathematics

text: made

text: significant

text: advances

text: in

text: astronomy

text: and

text: especially

text: mathematics

text: including

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: trigonometry

text: and

text: analysis

text: In

text: particular

text: Madhava

text: of

text: Sangamagrama

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: mathematical

text: analysis

question: When did Aryabhata live?

answer: 476-550

question: What were the trigonometric functions that Aryabhata discovered?

answer: sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine

text: sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine

question: What theory did Brahmagupta suggest in 628 AD?

answer: gravity was a force of attraction

text: gravity was a force of attraction

question: What did Brahmagupta use the number zero for?

answer: a placeholder and a decimal digit

text: a placeholder and a decimal digit

question: What language did the work of Brahmagupta and Aryabhata have to be translated from?

answer: Arabic

text: Arabic


text: The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: HDI

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: annual

text: Development

text: Reports

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Programme

text: UNDP

text: These

text: were

text: devised

text: and

text: launched

text: by

text: Pakistani

text: economist

text: Mahbub

text: ul

text: Haq

text: in

text: and

text: had

text: the

text: explicit

text: purpose

text: to

text: shift

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: development

text: economics

text: from

text: national

text: income

text: accounting

text: to

text: people

text: centered

text: policies

text: To

text: produce

text: the

text: Human

text: Development

text: Reports

text: Mahbub

text: ul

text: Haq

text: formed

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: development

text: economists

text: including

text: Paul

text: Streeten

text: Frances

text: Stewart

text: Gustav

text: Ranis

text: Keith

text: Griffin

text: Sudhir

text: Anand

text: and

text: Meghnad

text: Desai

text: Working

text: alongside

text: Nobel

text: laureate

text: Amartya

text: Sen

text: they

text: worked

text: on

text: capabilities

text: and

text: functions

text: that

text: provided

text: the

text: underlying

text: conceptual

text: framework

text: Haq

text: was

text: sure

text: that

text: a

text: simple

text: composite

text: measure

text: of

text: human

text: development

text: was

text: needed

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: convince

text: the

text: public

text: academics

text: and

text: politicians

text: that

text: they

text: can

text: and

text: should

text: evaluate

text: development

text: not

text: only

text: by

text: economic

text: advances

text: but

text: also

text: improvements

text: in

text: human

text: well

text: being

text: Sen

text: initially

text: opposed

text: this

text: idea

text: but

text: he

text: soon

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: help

text: Haq

text: develop

text: the

text: Index

text: Sen

text: was

text: worried

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: going

text: to

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: full

text: complexity

text: of

text: human

text: capabilities

text: in

text: a

text: single

text: index

text: but

text: Haq

text: persuaded

text: him

text: that

text: only

text: a

text: single

text: number

text: would

text: shift

text: the

text: immediate

text: attention

text: of

text: politicians

text: from

text: economic

text: to

text: human

text: well

text: being

question: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI?

answer: 1990

question: Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI?

answer: Amartya Sen

text: Amartya Sen

question: Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?

answer: people-centered policies

text: people-centered policies

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?

answer: 1990

question: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq reject the HDI?

question: Who was initially agreeing to the idea of creating the HDI?

text: Amartya Sen

question: Mahbub ul Haq didn't want to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?

text: people-centered policies

question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2001 report?


text: Modern chemistry emerged from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries through the material practices and theories promoted by alchemy, medicine, manufacturing and mining. A decisive moment came when 'chymistry' was distinguished from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist, in 1661; although the alchemical tradition continued for some time after his work. Other important steps included the gravimetric experimental practices of medical chemists like William Cullen, Joseph Black, Torbern Bergman and Pierre Macquer and through the work of Antoine Lavoisier (Father of Modern Chemistry) on oxygen and the law of conservation of mass, which refuted phlogiston theory. The theory that all matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest constituents of matter that cannot be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter, was provided by John Dalton in 1803, although the question took a hundred years to settle as proven. Dalton also formulated the law of mass relationships. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev composed his periodic table of elements on the basis of Dalton's discoveries.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Modern

text: chemistry

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: sixteenth

text: through

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: centuries

text: through

text: the

text: material

text: practices

text: and

text: theories

text: promoted

text: by

text: alchemy

text: medicine

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: mining

text: A

text: decisive

text: moment

text: came

text: when

text: chymistry

text: was

text: distinguished

text: from

text: alchemy

text: by

text: Robert

text: Boyle

text: in

text: his

text: work

text: The

text: Sceptical

text: Chymist

text: in

text: although

text: the

text: alchemical

text: tradition

text: continued

text: for

text: some

text: time

text: after

text: his

text: work

text: Other

text: important

text: steps

text: included

text: the

text: gravimetric

text: experimental

text: practices

text: of

text: medical

text: chemists

text: like

text: William

text: Cullen

text: Joseph

text: Black

text: Torbern

text: Bergman

text: and

text: Pierre

text: Macquer

text: and

text: through

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Antoine

text: Lavoisier

text: Father

text: of

text: Modern

text: Chemistry

text: on

text: oxygen

text: and

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: conservation

text: of

text: mass

text: which

text: refuted

text: phlogiston

text: theory

text: The

text: theory

text: that

text: all

text: matter

text: is

text: made

text: of

text: atoms

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: smallest

text: constituents

text: of

text: matter

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: broken

text: down

text: without

text: losing

text: the

text: basic

text: chemical

text: and

text: physical

text: properties

text: of

text: that

text: matter

text: was

text: provided

text: by

text: John

text: Dalton

text: in

text: although

text: the

text: question

text: took

text: a

text: hundred

text: years

text: to

text: settle

text: as

text: proven

text: Dalton

text: also

text: formulated

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: mass

text: relationships

text: In

text: Dmitri

text: Mendeleev

text: composed

text: his

text: periodic

text: table

text: of

text: elements

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Dalton

text: 's

text: discoveries

question: When did modern chemistry come into existence?

answer: the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries

text: the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries

question: Who decided that chemistry and alchemy were different?

answer: Robert Boyle

text: Robert Boyle

question: What book was written by Robert Boyle in 1661?

answer: The Sceptical Chymist

text: The Sceptical Chymist

question: What was Antoine Lavoisier's nickname?

answer: Father of Modern Chemistry

text: Father of Modern Chemistry

question: Which theory did the law of conservation of mass disagree with?

answer: phlogiston theory

text: phlogiston theory


text: Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means "Southern Capital" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: listen

text: Chinese

text: 南京

text: Southern

text: Capital

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: heartland

text: of

text: lower

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: region

text: in

text: China

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: a

text: major

text: centre

text: of

text: culture

text: education

text: research

text: politics

text: economy

text: transport

text: networks

text: and

text: tourism

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: province

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: East

text: China

text: with

text: a

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: legally

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: which

text: lost

text: the

text: mainland

text: during

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: The

text: city

text: whose

text: name

text: means

text: Southern

text: Capital

text: has

text: a

text: prominent

text: place

text: in

text: Chinese

text: history

text: and

text: culture

text: having

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: capitals

text: of

text: various

text: Chinese

text: dynasties

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: republican

text: governments

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: to

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: pinyin

text: romanization

text: Nanjing

text: 's

text: city

text: name

text: was

text: spelled

text: as

text: Nanking

text: or

text: Nankin

text: Nanjing

text: has

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: names

text: and

text: some

text: historical

text: names

text: are

text: now

text: used

text: as

text: names

text: of

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: among

text: them

text: there

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: Jiangning

text: 江寧

text: whose

text: former

text: character

text: Jiang

text: 江

text: River

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Jiangsu

text: and

text: latter

text: character

text: Ning

text: 寧

text: simplified

text: form

text: 宁

text: Peace

text: is

text: the

text: short

text: name

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: When

text: being

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: a

text: state

text: for

text: instance

text: ROC

text: Jing

text: 京

text: is

text: adopted

text: as

text: the

text: abbreviation

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: Although

text: as

text: a

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: China

text: becoming

text: Chinese

text: national

text: capital

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: in

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: the

text: name

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: designated

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: about

text: a

text: thousand

text: years

text: later

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: particularly

text: known

text: as

text: Jinling

text: 金陵

text: literally

text: meaning

text: Gold

text: Mountain

text: and

text: the

text: old

text: name

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: since

text: the

text: Warring

text: States

text: Period

text: in

text: Zhou

text: Dynasty

question: What is the legal capital of the Republic of China?

answer: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

question: What region is Nanjing in?

answer: lower Yangtze River region

text: lower Yangtze River region

question: When was the city given the name Nanjing?

answer: Ming dynasty

text: Ming dynasty

question: When did Nanjing become the Chinese national capital?

answer: Jin dynasty

text: Jin dynasty

question: What does Nanjing mean?

answer: "Southern Capital"

text: "Southern Capital"


text: Recent years have seen increasing applications of genetic and genomic techniques to the study of the brain  and a focus on the roles of neurotrophic factors and physical activity in neuroplasticity. The most common subjects are mice, because of the availability of technical tools. It is now possible with relative ease to "knock out" or mutate a wide variety of genes, and then examine the effects on brain function. More sophisticated approaches are also being used: for example, using Cre-Lox recombination it is possible to activate or deactivate genes in specific parts of the brain, at specific times.

title: Brain

title: Brain

text: Recent

text: years

text: have

text: seen

text: increasing

text: applications

text: of

text: genetic

text: and

text: genomic

text: techniques

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: a

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: neurotrophic

text: factors

text: and

text: physical

text: activity

text: in

text: neuroplasticity

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: subjects

text: are

text: mice

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: technical

text: tools

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: possible

text: with

text: relative

text: ease

text: to

text: knock

text: out

text: or

text: mutate

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: genes

text: and

text: then

text: examine

text: the

text: effects

text: on

text: brain

text: function

text: More

text: sophisticated

text: approaches

text: are

text: also

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: example

text: using

text: Cre

text: Lox

text: recombination

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: activate

text: or

text: deactivate

text: genes

text: in

text: specific

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: at

text: specific

text: times

question: What is the most common test subjects for studying of the brain?

answer: mice

text: mice


text: After the failed union of Sweden and Norway of 1319–1365, the pan-Scandinavian Kalmar Union was instituted in 1397. The Swedes were reluctant members of the Danish-dominated union from the start. In an attempt to subdue the Swedes, King Christian II of Denmark had large numbers of the Swedish aristocracy killed in the Stockholm Bloodbath of 1520. Yet this measure only led to further hostilities, and Sweden broke away for good in 1523. Norway, on the other hand, became an inferior party of the union and remained united with Denmark until 1814.

title: Late_Middle_Ages

title: Late_Middle_Ages

text: After

text: the

text: failed

text: union

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Norway

text: of

text: the

text: pan

text: Scandinavian

text: Kalmar

text: Union

text: was

text: instituted

text: in

text: The

text: Swedes

text: were

text: reluctant

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Danish

text: dominated

text: union

text: from

text: the

text: start

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: subdue

text: the

text: Swedes

text: King

text: Christian

text: II

text: of

text: Denmark

text: had

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: aristocracy

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Stockholm

text: Bloodbath

text: of

text: Yet

text: this

text: measure

text: only

text: led

text: to

text: further

text: hostilities

text: and

text: Sweden

text: broke

text: away

text: for

text: good

text: in

text: Norway

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: became

text: an

text: inferior

text: party

text: of

text: the

text: union

text: and

text: remained

text: united

text: with

text: Denmark

text: until

question: When was the Kalmar Union formed?

answer: 1397

question: Which Danish King was responsible for the Stockholm Bloodbath?

answer: King Christian II

text: King Christian II

question: In what year did Sweden break away from the Kalmar Union?

answer: 1523

question: Denmark and Norway remained in the Kalmar Union until what year?

answer: 1814

question: In what year did the Stockholm Bloodbath take place?

answer: 1520

question: When wasn't the Kalmar Union formed?

question: Which Amish King was responsible for the Stockholm Bloodbath?

text: King Christian II

question: In what year did Finland break away from the Kalmar Union?

question: Denmark and Norway left in the Kalmar Union until what year?

question: In what year didn't the Stockholm Bloodbath take place?


text:
In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.
E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.
E.g. parlo (Central), parl (Balearic), parli (Northern), ('I speak').

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: In

text: verbs

text: person

text: present

text: indicative

text: desinence

text: is

text: -e

text: in

text: verbs

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: conjugation

text: or

text: -o

text: E.g.

text: parle

text: tem

text: sent

text: Valencian

text: parlo

text: temo

text: sento

text: Northwestern

text: In

text: verbs

text: person

text: present

text: indicative

text: desinence

text: is

text: -o

text: -i

text: or

text: in

text: all

text: conjugations

text: E.g.

text: parlo

text: Central

text: parl

text: Balearic

text: parli

text: Northern

text: I

text: speak

question: What language is parle or tem ?

answer: Valencian

text: Valencian

question: What language  is parlo or temo ?

answer: Northwestern

text: Northwestern

question: What language is parl?

answer: Balearic

text: Balearic

question: What language form is parli?

answer: Northern

text: Northern


text: The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes. This has led to mass protests from the Niger-Delta inhabitants and Amnesty International against Shell and Friends of the Earth Netherlands. It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by environmental groups, and human rights groups. In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

title: Royal_Dutch_Shell

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: companies

text: like

text: Shell

text: in

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: extreme

text: environmental

text: issues

text: in

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: Many

text: pipelines

text: in

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: owned

text: by

text: Shell

text: are

text: old

text: and

text: corroded

text: Shell

text: has

text: acknowledged

text: its

text: responsibility

text: for

text: keeping

text: the

text: pipelines

text: new

text: but

text: has

text: also

text: denied

text: responsibility

text: for

text: environmental

text: causes

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: mass

text: protests

text: from

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: against

text: Shell

text: and

text: Friends

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: led

text: to

text: action

text: plans

text: to

text: boycott

text: Shell

text: by

text: environmental

text: groups

text: and

text: human

text: rights

text: groups

text: In

text: January

text: a

text: Dutch

text: court

text: rejected

text: four

text: out

text: of

text: five

text: allegations

text: brought

text: against

text: the

text: firm

text: over

text: oil

text: pollution

text: in

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: but

text: found

text: a

text: subsidiary

text: guilty

text: of

text: one

text: case

text: of

text: pollution

text: ordering

text: compensation

text: to

text: be

text: paid

text: to

text: a

text: Nigerian

text: farmer

question: What is a cause of severe environmental issues in the Niger Delta?

answer: The presence of companies like Shell

text: The presence of companies like Shell

question: Many pipelines owned by Shell in the Niger Delta are described as what?

answer: old and corroded

text: old and corroded

question: Shell has accepted responsibility for keeping its pipelines in what condition?

answer: new

text: new

question: In contrast to its acceptance of responsibility for keeping the pipelines new, Shell has denied what?

answer: responsibility for environmental causes

text: responsibility for environmental causes

question: Environmental and human rights groups have created action plans to do what?

answer: boycott Shell

text: boycott Shell

question: Where has Shell tried to keep its pipelines in pristine conditions?

text: Niger-Delta

question: When did Friends of the Earth begin protesting Shell?

text: January 2013

question: How many allegations did the Dutch court approve?

text: four out of five

question: Who did Amnesty International have to pay for one count of pollution?

text: a Nigerian farmer

question: When did Shell acknowledge responsibility for the environmental issues?