text: The ancient trade route between India and Tibet that passed through Kathmandu enabled a fusion of artistic and architectural traditions from other cultures to be amalgamated with local art and architecture. The monuments of Kathmandu City have been influenced over the centuries by Hindu and Buddhist religious practices. The architectural treasure of the Kathmandu valley has been categorized under the well-known seven groups of heritage monuments and buildings. In 2006 UNESCO declared these seven groups of monuments as a World Heritage Site (WHS). The seven monuments zones cover an area of 188.95 hectares (466.9 acres), with the buffer zone extending to 239.34 hectares (591.4 acres). The Seven Monument Zones (Mzs) inscribed originally in 1979 and with a minor modification in 2006 are Durbar squares of Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur, Hindu temples of Pashupatinath and Changunarayan, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Boudhanath.

title: Kathmandu

title: Kathmandu

text: The

text: ancient

text: trade

text: route

text: between

text: India

text: and

text: Tibet

text: that

text: passed

text: through

text: Kathmandu

text: enabled

text: a

text: fusion

text: of

text: artistic

text: and

text: architectural

text: traditions

text: from

text: other

text: cultures

text: to

text: be

text: amalgamated

text: with

text: local

text: art

text: and

text: architecture

text: The

text: monuments

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: City

text: have

text: been

text: influenced

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: by

text: Hindu

text: and

text: Buddhist

text: religious

text: practices

text: The

text: architectural

text: treasure

text: of

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: valley

text: has

text: been

text: categorized

text: under

text: the

text: well

text: known

text: seven

text: groups

text: of

text: heritage

text: monuments

text: and

text: buildings

text: In

text: UNESCO

text: declared

text: these

text: seven

text: groups

text: of

text: monuments

text: as

text: a

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: WHS

text: The

text: seven

text: monuments

text: zones

text: cover

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: hectares

text: acres

text: with

text: the

text: buffer

text: zone

text: extending

text: to

text: hectares

text: acres

text: The

text: Seven

text: Monument

text: Zones

text: Mzs

text: inscribed

text: originally

text: in

text: and

text: with

text: a

text: minor

text: modification

text: in

text: are

text: Durbar

text: squares

text: of

text: Hanuman

text: Dhoka

text: Patan

text: and

text: Bhaktapur

text: Hindu

text: temples

text: of

text: Pashupatinath

text: and

text: Changunarayan

text: the

text: Buddhist

text: stupas

text: of

text: Swayambhu

text: and

text: Boudhanath

question: What religion does Changunarayan belong to?

answer: Hindu

text: Hindu

question: What Buddhist monuments are present at Boudhanath?

answer: stupas

text: stupas

question: How many acres are the Kathmandu valley monument zones?

answer: 466.9

question: In hectares, how large is the Kathmandu valley monument buffer zone?

answer: 239.34

question: When did the Kathmandu valley monuments receive WHS status?

answer: 2006


text: When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Coliseum rapidly deteriorated. Believing the upkeep on the venue to be a drain of tax dollars, the DeStefano administration closed the Coliseum in 2002; it was demolished in 2007. New Haven's last professional sports team, the New Haven County Cutters, left in 2009. The DeStefano administration did, however, see the construction of the New Haven Athletic Center in 1998, a 94,000-square-foot (8,700 m2) indoor athletic facility with a seating capacity of over 3,000. The NHAC, built adjacent to Hillhouse High School, is used for New Haven public schools athletics, as well as large-scale area and state sporting events; it is the largest high school indoor sports complex in the state.

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

title: New_Haven,_Connecticut

text: When

text: John

text: DeStefano

text: Jr.

text: became

text: mayor

text: of

text: New

text: Haven

text: in

text: he

text: outlined

text: a

text: plan

text: to

text: transform

text: the

text: city

text: into

text: a

text: major

text: cultural

text: and

text: arts

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: Northeast

text: which

text: involved

text: investments

text: in

text: programs

text: and

text: projects

text: other

text: than

text: sports

text: franchises

text: As

text: nearby

text: Bridgeport

text: built

text: new

text: sports

text: facilities

text: the

text: brutalist

text: New

text: Haven

text: Coliseum

text: rapidly

text: deteriorated

text: Believing

text: the

text: upkeep

text: on

text: the

text: venue

text: to

text: be

text: a

text: drain

text: of

text: tax

text: dollars

text: the

text: DeStefano

text: administration

text: closed

text: the

text: Coliseum

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: demolished

text: in

text: New

text: Haven

text: 's

text: last

text: professional

text: sports

text: team

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: County

text: Cutters

text: left

text: in

text: The

text: DeStefano

text: administration

text: did

text: however

text: see

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Haven

text: Athletic

text: Center

text: in

text: a

text: foot

text: indoor

text: athletic

text: facility

text: with

text: a

text: seating

text: capacity

text: of

text: over

text: The

text: NHAC

text: built

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Hillhouse

text: High

text: School

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: New

text: Haven

text: public

text: schools

text: athletics

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: large

text: scale

text: area

text: and

text: state

text: sporting

text: events

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: high

text: school

text: indoor

text: sports

text: complex

text: in

text: the

text: state

question: What 1995 mayor of New Haven sought to reinvent the area into a northeastern hub of art and culture?

answer: John DeStefano, Jr.

text: John DeStefano, Jr.

question: What sports complex was shuttered in New Haven by the DeStefano administration in 2002?

answer: New Haven Coliseum

text: New Haven Coliseum

question: What was New Haven's last professional sports team?

answer: New Haven County Cutters

text: New Haven County Cutters

question: What indoor sporting complex in New Haven was constructed by the DeStefano administration in 1998?

answer: New Haven Athletic Center

text: New Haven Athletic Center

question: What is the approximate seating capacity of the New Haven Athletic Center?

answer: over 3,000

text: over 3,000

question: Who was the mayor for the city in the late 90s?

answer: John DeStefano, Jr

text: John DeStefano, Jr

question: Due to the heavy upkeep, DeStefano decided to close what major infrastructure in the city?

answer: New Haven Coliseum

text: New Haven Coliseum

question: When was the last time New Haven had a professional sport team?

answer: 2009

question: In terms of capacity how big was the new constructed New Haven Athletic Center?

answer: over 3,000

text: over 3,000


text: In a number of von Neumann's papers, the methods of argument he employed are considered even more significant than the results. In anticipation of his later study of dimension theory in algebras of operators, von Neumann used results on equivalence by finite decomposition, and reformulated the problem of measure in terms of functions. In his 1936 paper on analytic measure theory, he used the Haar theorem in the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem in the case of compact groups. In 1938, he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize for his work in analysis.

title: John_von_Neumann

title: John_von_Neumann

text: In

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: von

text: Neumann

text: 's

text: papers

text: the

text: methods

text: of

text: argument

text: he

text: employed

text: are

text: considered

text: even

text: more

text: significant

text: than

text: the

text: results

text: In

text: anticipation

text: of

text: his

text: later

text: study

text: of

text: dimension

text: theory

text: in

text: algebras

text: of

text: operators

text: von

text: Neumann

text: used

text: results

text: on

text: equivalence

text: by

text: finite

text: decomposition

text: and

text: reformulated

text: the

text: problem

text: of

text: measure

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: functions

text: In

text: his

text: paper

text: on

text: analytic

text: measure

text: theory

text: he

text: used

text: the

text: Haar

text: theorem

text: in

text: the

text: solution

text: of

text: Hilbert

text: 's

text: fifth

text: problem

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: compact

text: groups

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Bôcher

text: Memorial

text: Prize

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: analysis

question: What is often considered more important than the results of von Neumann's papers?

answer: methods of argument he employed

text: methods of argument he employed

question: In 1938 what was von Neumann awarded?

answer: Bôcher Memorial Prize

text: Bôcher Memorial Prize

question: What did von Neumann use the Haar theorem to solve in a 1936 paper?

answer: Hilbert's fifth problem in the case of compact groups

text: Hilbert's fifth problem in the case of compact groups


text: Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island. The station was not government funded. It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012. It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues).

title: Saint_Helena

title: Saint_Helena

text: Saint

text: FM

text: provided

text: a

text: local

text: radio

text: service

text: for

text: the

text: island

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: available

text: on

text: internet

text: radio

text: and

text: relayed

text: in

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: The

text: station

text: was

text: not

text: government

text: funded

text: It

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: closed

text: on

text: December

text: It

text: broadcast

text: news

text: features

text: and

text: music

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: its

text: sister

text: newspaper

text: the

text: St

text: Helena

text: Independent

text: which

text: continues

question: What date was Saint FM radio launched?

answer: January 2005

text: January 2005

question: What date was Saint FM radio closed?

answer: 21 December 2012

text: 21 December 2012

question: Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio?

answer: St Helena Independent

text: St Helena Independent


text: The nitrogen fixing Rhizobia are an interesting case, wherein conjugative elements naturally engage in inter-kingdom conjugation. Such elements as the Agrobacterium Ti or Ri plasmids contain elements that can transfer to plant cells. Transferred genes enter the plant cell nucleus and effectively transform the plant cells into factories for the production of opines, which the bacteria use as carbon and energy sources. Infected plant cells form crown gall or root tumors. The Ti and Ri plasmids are thus endosymbionts of the bacteria, which are in turn endosymbionts (or parasites) of the infected plant.

title: Digestion

title: Digestion

text: The

text: nitrogen

text: fixing

text: Rhizobia

text: are

text: an

text: interesting

text: case

text: wherein

text: conjugative

text: elements

text: naturally

text: engage

text: in

text: inter

text: kingdom

text: conjugation

text: Such

text: elements

text: as

text: the

text: Agrobacterium

text: Ti

text: or

text: Ri

text: plasmids

text: contain

text: elements

text: that

text: can

text: transfer

text: to

text: plant

text: cells

text: Transferred

text: genes

text: enter

text: the

text: plant

text: cell

text: nucleus

text: and

text: effectively

text: transform

text: the

text: plant

text: cells

text: into

text: factories

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: opines

text: which

text: the

text: bacteria

text: use

text: as

text: carbon

text: and

text: energy

text: sources

text: Infected

text: plant

text: cells

text: form

text: crown

text: gall

text: or

text: root

text: tumors

text: The

text: Ti

text: and

text: Ri

text: plasmids

text: are

text: thus

text: endosymbionts

text: of

text: the

text: bacteria

text: which

text: are

text: in

text: turn

text: endosymbionts

text: or

text: parasites

text: of

text: the

text: infected

text: plant

question: What elements can transfer to plant cells?

answer: Agrobacterium Ti or Ri plasmids

text: Agrobacterium Ti or Ri plasmids

question: Where do transferred genes enter?

answer: the plant cell nucleus

text: the plant cell nucleus

question: What do bacteria use as carbon and energy sources?

answer: opines

text: opines

question: What happens to infected plant cells?

answer: end

text: end

question: What are endosymbionts of the bacteria?

answer: The Ti and Ri plasmids

text: The Ti and Ri plasmids


text: Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. These include facilities in Chester, and Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown).

title: Richmond,_Virginia

title: Richmond,_Virginia

text: Electricity

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: Metro

text: area

text: is

text: provided

text: by

text: Dominion

text: Virginia

text: Power

text: The

text: company

text: based

text: in

text: Richmond

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: largest

text: producers

text: of

text: energy

text: serving

text: retail

text: energy

text: customers

text: in

text: nine

text: states

text: Electricity

text: is

text: provided

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: area

text: primarily

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Anna

text: Nuclear

text: Generating

text: Station

text: and

text: Surry

text: Nuclear

text: Generating

text: Station

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: coal

text: fired

text: station

text: in

text: Chester

text: Virginia

text: These

text: three

text: plants

text: provide

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: megawatts

text: of

text: power

text: Several

text: other

text: natural

text: gas

text: plants

text: provide

text: extra

text: power

text: during

text: times

text: of

text: peak

text: demand

text: These

text: include

text: facilities

text: in

text: Chester

text: and

text: Surry

text: and

text: two

text: plants

text: in

text: Richmond

text: Gravel

text: Neck

text: and

text: Darbytown

question: Who is Richmond's electricity supplier?

answer: Dominion Virginia Power

text: Dominion Virginia Power

question: How many states does Dominion Virginia Power operate in?

answer: nine

text: nine

question: Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator?

answer: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station

text: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station

question: In what town is a coal-fired plant that provides power to Richmond located?

answer: Chester

text: Chester

question: What type of power plant is Darbytown?

answer: natural gas

text: natural gas


text: The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese.

title: Prime_minister

title: Prime_minister

text: The

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: constitution

text: set

text: a

text: premier

text: just

text: one

text: place

text: below

text: the

text: National

text: People

text: 's

text: Congress

text: in

text: China

text: Premier

text: read

text: as

text: Simplified

text: Chinese

text: 总理

text: pinyin

text: Zŏnglĭ

text: in

text: Chinese

question: What is directly above the premier in the People's Republic of China?

answer: the National People's Congress

text: the National People's Congress

question: What is the pinyin form of premier?

answer: Zŏnglĭ

text: Zŏnglĭ

question: Who is directly below the premier in the People's Republic of China?

text: National People's Congress


text: After setting up his workshop, Bell continued experiments based on Helmholtz's work with electricity and sound. He also modified a melodeon (a type of pump organ) so that it could transmit its music electrically over a distance. Once the family was settled in, both Bell and his father made plans to establish a teaching practice and in 1871, he accompanied his father to Montreal, where Melville was offered a position to teach his System of Visible Speech.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: After

text: setting

text: up

text: his

text: workshop

text: Bell

text: continued

text: experiments

text: based

text: on

text: Helmholtz

text: 's

text: work

text: with

text: electricity

text: and

text: sound

text: He

text: also

text: modified

text: a

text: melodeon

text: a

text: type

text: of

text: pump

text: organ

text: so

text: that

text: it

text: could

text: transmit

text: its

text: music

text: electrically

text: over

text: a

text: distance

text: Once

text: the

text: family

text: was

text: settled

text: in

text: both

text: Bell

text: and

text: his

text: father

text: made

text: plans

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: teaching

text: practice

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: accompanied

text: his

text: father

text: to

text: Montreal

text: where

text: Melville

text: was

text: offered

text: a

text: position

text: to

text: teach

text: his

text: System

text: of

text: Visible

text: Speech

question: What did Bell rework to send music?

answer: melodeon

text: melodeon

question: What is a melodeon a kind of?

answer: pump organ

text: pump organ

question: When did Bell go to Montreal?

answer: 1871

question: Who went with Bell to Montreal?

answer: father

text: father

question: How did Bell's reworked melodeon send music?

answer: electrically

text: electrically


text: Nanjing is an important railway hub in eastern China. It serves as rail junction for the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) (which is itself composed of the old Jinpu and Huning Railways), Nanjing–Tongling Railway (Ningtong), Nanjing–Qidong (Ningqi), and the Nanjing-Xian (Ningxi) which encompasses the Hefei–Nanjing Railway. Nanjing is connected to the national high-speed railway network by Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, with several more high-speed rail lines under construction.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: railway

text: hub

text: in

text: eastern

text: China

text: It

text: serves

text: as

text: rail

text: junction

text: for

text: the

text: Beijing

text: Shanghai

text: Jinghu

text: which

text: is

text: itself

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Jinpu

text: and

text: Huning

text: Railways

text: Nanjing

text: Tongling

text: Railway

text: Ningtong

text: Nanjing

text: Qidong

text: Ningqi

text: and

text: the

text: Nanjing

text: Xian

text: Ningxi

text: which

text: encompasses

text: the

text: Hefei

text: Nanjing

text: Railway

text: Nanjing

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: national

text: high

text: speed

text: railway

text: network

text: by

text: Beijing

text: Shanghai

text: High

text: Speed

text: Railway

text: and

text: Shanghai

text: Wuhan

text: Chengdu

text: Passenger

text: Dedicated

text: Line

text: with

text: several

text: more

text: high

text: speed

text: rail

text: lines

text: under

text: construction

question: Nanjing's railway is important, and is located in what region of China?

answer: eastern China

text: eastern China

question: What line does Nanjing serve as a railway junction for?

answer: Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)

text: Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu)

question: What lines comprise the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) line?

answer: the old Jinpu and Huning Railways

text: the old Jinpu and Huning Railways

question: What high-speed railway is Nanjing connected to that contains Shanghai?

answer: Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line

text: Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line

question: What type of railway lines are now under construction?

answer: several more high-speed rail lines

text: several more high-speed rail lines


text: Hyderabad is also home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Hyderabad has five major medical schools—Osmania Medical College, Gandhi Medical College, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. The Government Nizamia Tibbi College is a college of Unani medicine. Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the Indian Heart Association, a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education.

title: Hyderabad

title: Hyderabad

text: Hyderabad

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: centres

text: specialising

text: in

text: particular

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: biomedical

text: sciences

text: biotechnology

text: and

text: pharmaceuticals

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: Institute

text: of

text: Pharmaceutical

text: Education

text: and

text: Research

text: NIPER

text: and

text: National

text: Institute

text: of

text: Nutrition

text: NIN

text: Hyderabad

text: has

text: five

text: major

text: medical

text: schools

text: Osmania

text: Medical

text: College

text: Gandhi

text: Medical

text: College

text: Nizam

text: 's

text: Institute

text: of

text: Medical

text: Sciences

text: Deccan

text: College

text: of

text: Medical

text: Sciences

text: and

text: Shadan

text: Institute

text: of

text: Medical

text: Sciences

text: and

text: many

text: affiliated

text: teaching

text: hospitals

text: The

text: Government

text: Nizamia

text: Tibbi

text: College

text: is

text: a

text: college

text: of

text: Unani

text: medicine

text: Hyderabad

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Heart

text: Association

text: a

text: non

text: profit

text: foundation

text: for

text: cardiovascular

text: education

question: How many medical schools are in Hyderabad?

answer: five

text: five

question: What type of medicine is taught at The Government Nizamia Tibbi College?

answer: Unani medicine

text: Unani medicine

question: What non-profit cardiovascular educational association is headquartered in Hyderabad?

answer: Indian Heart Association

text: Indian Heart Association


text: Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices.

title: University

title: University

text: Although

text: the

text: initial

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: humanist

text: scholars

text: in

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: the

text: discovery

text: exposition

text: and

text: insertion

text: of

text: ancient

text: texts

text: and

text: languages

text: into

text: the

text: university

text: and

text: the

text: ideas

text: of

text: those

text: texts

text: into

text: society

text: generally

text: their

text: influence

text: was

text: ultimately

text: quite

text: progressive

text: The

text: emergence

text: of

text: classical

text: texts

text: brought

text: new

text: ideas

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: more

text: creative

text: university

text: climate

text: as

text: the

text: notable

text: list

text: of

text: scholars

text: above

text: attests

text: to

text: A

text: focus

text: on

text: knowledge

text: coming

text: from

text: self

text: from

text: the

text: human

text: has

text: a

text: direct

text: implication

text: for

text: new

text: forms

text: of

text: scholarship

text: and

text: instruction

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: foundation

text: for

text: what

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: humanities

text: This

text: disposition

text: toward

text: knowledge

text: manifested

text: in

text: not

text: simply

text: the

text: translation

text: and

text: propagation

text: of

text: ancient

text: texts

text: but

text: also

text: their

text: adaptation

text: and

text: expansion

text: For

text: instance

text: Vesalius

text: was

text: imperative

text: for

text: advocating

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Galen

text: but

text: he

text: also

text: invigorated

text: this

text: text

text: with

text: experimentation

text: disagreements

text: and

text: further

text: research

text: The

text: propagation

text: of

text: these

text: texts

text: especially

text: within

text: the

text: universities

text: was

text: greatly

text: aided

text: by

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: vernacular

text: which

text: allowed

text: for

text: the

text: printing

text: of

text: relatively

text: large

text: texts

text: at

text: reasonable

text: prices

question: Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar?

answer: humanist

text: humanist

question: A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study?

answer: the humanities

text: the humanities

question: What work did Vesalius push the study of?

answer: Galen

text: Galen

question: What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities?

answer: the printing press

text: the printing press

question: Research was an example of the focus of what type of university scholar?

text: humanist

question: A concentration on the study of classical texts resulted in what field of study?

text: the humanities

question: What work did students push the study of?

text: Galen

question: What spread the use of texts by Vesalius within universities?

text: the printing press

question: What manifested in the adaptation and expansion of discovery?

text: disposition toward knowledge


text: Apple's HyperCard scripting language provided Macintosh computer users with a means to design databases of slides, animation, video and sounds from LaserDiscs and then to create interfaces for users to play specific content from the disc through software called LaserStacks. User-created "stacks" were shared and were especially popular in education where teacher-generated stacks were used to access discs ranging from art collections to basic biological processes. Commercially available stacks were also popular with the Voyager company being possibly the most successful distributor.

title: LaserDisc

title: LaserDisc

text: Apple

text: 's

text: HyperCard

text: scripting

text: language

text: provided

text: Macintosh

text: computer

text: users

text: with

text: a

text: means

text: to

text: design

text: databases

text: of

text: slides

text: animation

text: video

text: and

text: sounds

text: from

text: LaserDiscs

text: and

text: then

text: to

text: create

text: interfaces

text: for

text: users

text: to

text: play

text: specific

text: content

text: from

text: the

text: disc

text: through

text: software

text: called

text: LaserStacks

text: User

text: created

text: stacks

text: were

text: shared

text: and

text: were

text: especially

text: popular

text: in

text: education

text: where

text: teacher

text: generated

text: stacks

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: access

text: discs

text: ranging

text: from

text: art

text: collections

text: to

text: basic

text: biological

text: processes

text: Commercially

text: available

text: stacks

text: were

text: also

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: Voyager

text: company

text: being

text: possibly

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: distributor

question: Which of Apple's programming languages allowed users to ceatively manipulate LaserDiscs?

answer: HyperCard

text: HyperCard

question: What did LaserStacks software enable Mac users to do?

answer: play specific content from the disc

text: play specific content from the disc

question: Where were "stacks" created with the LaserStack software used?

answer: in education

text: in education

question: Which commercial company was LaserStack's most successful distributor?

answer: Voyager

text: Voyager


text: From the late-1980s onwards, the party adopted free market policies, leading many observers to describe the Labour Party as social democratic or the Third Way, rather than democratic socialist. Other commentators go further and argue that traditional social democratic parties across Europe, including the British Labour Party, have been so deeply transformed in recent years that it is no longer possible to describe them ideologically as 'social democratic', and claim that this ideological shift has put new strains on the party's traditional relationship with the trade unions.

title: Labour_Party_(UK)

title: Labour_Party_(UK

text: From

text: the

text: onwards

text: the

text: party

text: adopted

text: free

text: market

text: policies

text: leading

text: many

text: observers

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: as

text: social

text: democratic

text: or

text: the

text: Third

text: Way

text: rather

text: than

text: democratic

text: socialist

text: Other

text: commentators

text: go

text: further

text: and

text: argue

text: that

text: traditional

text: social

text: democratic

text: parties

text: across

text: Europe

text: including

text: the

text: British

text: Labour

text: Party

text: have

text: been

text: so

text: deeply

text: transformed

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: possible

text: to

text: describe

text: them

text: ideologically

text: as

text: social

text: democratic

text: and

text: claim

text: that

text: this

text: ideological

text: shift

text: has

text: put

text: new

text: strains

text: on

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: traditional

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: trade

text: unions

question: What did the party adopt before the 1980s?

text: free market policies

question: What party was described as democratic socialist?

text: Labour

question: When have social democratic parties in America been transformed?

text: recent years

question: What has strengthened the party's relationship with trade unions?

text: ideological shift

question: What did the Conservative party do from the 1980s onward?

text: adopted free market policies


text: In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later. Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma. Additional games have since been added. These games work on the 6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano.

title: IPod

title: IPod

text: In

text: September

text: the

text: iTunes

text: Store

text: began

text: to

text: offer

text: additional

text: games

text: for

text: purchase

text: with

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: iTunes

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: fifth

text: generation

text: iPod

text: with

text: iPod

text: software

text: or

text: later

text: Those

text: games

text: were

text: Bejeweled

text: Cubis

text: Mahjong

text: Mini

text: Golf

text: Pac

text: Man

text: Tetris

text: Texas

text: Hold

text: Em

text: Vortex

text: Asphalt

text: Elite

text: Racing

text: and

text: Zuma

text: Additional

text: games

text: have

text: since

text: been

text: added

text: These

text: games

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: and

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Classic

text: and

text: the

text: and

text: generation

text: iPod

text: Nano

question: In what year did the iTunes store begin allowing users to buy video games?

answer: 2006

question: Which version of iTunes was introduced with the ability to purchase games?

answer: iTunes 7

text: iTunes 7

question: What was the first generation of iPod Classic on which games like Mahjong and Tetris could be played?

answer: 5th generation

text: 5th generation

question: On which generation of iPod Nano can games be played?

answer: 4th generation

text: 4th generation

question: In what year did iTunes 7 launch, along with a plethora of additional games?

answer: 2006

question: Which generation iPod was required to enjoy the new games available on iTunes 7?

answer: fifth

text: fifth


text: Daniel L. Magruder, Jr defines USAF culture as a combination of the rigorous application of advanced technology, individualism and progressive airpower theory. Major General Charles J. Dunlap, Jr. adds that the U.S. Air Force's culture also includes an egalitarianism bred from officers perceiving themselves as their service's principal "warriors" working with small groups of enlisted airmen either as the service crew or the onboard crew of their aircraft. Air Force officers have never felt they needed the formal social "distance" from their enlisted force that is common in the other U.S. armed services. Although the paradigm is changing, for most of its history, the Air Force, completely unlike its sister services, has been an organization in which mostly its officers fought, not its enlisted force, the latter being primarily a rear echelon support force. When the enlisted force did go into harm's way, such as members of multi-crewed aircraft, the close comradeship of shared risk in tight quarters created traditions that shaped a somewhat different kind of officer/enlisted relationship than exists elsewhere in the military.

title: United_States_Air_Force

title: United_States_Air_Force

text: Daniel

text: L.

text: Magruder

text: Jr

text: defines

text: USAF

text: culture

text: as

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: rigorous

text: application

text: of

text: advanced

text: technology

text: individualism

text: and

text: progressive

text: airpower

text: theory

text: Major

text: General

text: Charles

text: J.

text: Dunlap

text: Jr.

text: adds

text: that

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Air

text: Force

text: 's

text: culture

text: also

text: includes

text: an

text: egalitarianism

text: bred

text: from

text: officers

text: perceiving

text: themselves

text: as

text: their

text: service

text: 's

text: principal

text: warriors

text: working

text: with

text: small

text: groups

text: of

text: enlisted

text: airmen

text: either

text: as

text: the

text: service

text: crew

text: or

text: the

text: onboard

text: crew

text: of

text: their

text: aircraft

text: Air

text: Force

text: officers

text: have

text: never

text: felt

text: they

text: needed

text: the

text: formal

text: social

text: distance

text: from

text: their

text: enlisted

text: force

text: that

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: armed

text: services

text: Although

text: the

text: paradigm

text: is

text: changing

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: completely

text: unlike

text: its

text: sister

text: services

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: organization

text: in

text: which

text: mostly

text: its

text: officers

text: fought

text: not

text: its

text: enlisted

text: force

text: the

text: latter

text: being

text: primarily

text: a

text: rear

text: echelon

text: support

text: force

text: When

text: the

text: enlisted

text: force

text: did

text: go

text: into

text: harm

text: 's

text: way

text: such

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: multi

text: crewed

text: aircraft

text: the

text: close

text: comradeship

text: of

text: shared

text: risk

text: in

text: tight

text: quarters

text: created

text: traditions

text: that

text: shaped

text: a

text: somewhat

text: different

text: kind

text: of

text: officer

text: enlisted

text: relationship

text: than

text: exists

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: military

question: What author wrote about the US Air Force egalitarian culture?

answer: Major General Charles J. Dunlap, Jr.

text: Major General Charles J. Dunlap, Jr.

question: How does the US Air Force differ from other branches of the military?

answer: an organization in which mostly its officers fought

text: an organization in which mostly its officers fought

question: How have the enlisted forces of the US Air Force been seen?

answer: primarily a rear echelon support force

text: primarily a rear echelon support force


text: The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions, which provided invaluable military, financial and material support. Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions, as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies. The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right. The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day. Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light. The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: British

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: on

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: also

text: committed

text: the

text: colonies

text: and

text: Dominions

text: which

text: provided

text: invaluable

text: military

text: financial

text: and

text: material

text: support

text: Over

text: million

text: men

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: the

text: Dominions

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: volunteers

text: from

text: the

text: Crown

text: colonies

text: The

text: contributions

text: of

text: Australian

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: troops

text: during

text: the

text: Gallipoli

text: Campaign

text: against

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: had

text: a

text: great

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: national

text: consciousness

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: marked

text: a

text: watershed

text: in

text: the

text: transition

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: from

text: colonies

text: to

text: nations

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: right

text: The

text: countries

text: continue

text: to

text: commemorate

text: this

text: occasion

text: on

text: Anzac

text: Day

text: Canadians

text: viewed

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Vimy

text: Ridge

text: in

text: a

text: similar

text: light

text: The

text: important

text: contribution

text: of

text: the

text: Dominions

text: to

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: was

text: recognised

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: David

text: Lloyd

text: George

text: when

text: he

text: invited

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: Dominion

text: Prime

text: Ministers

text: to

text: join

text: an

text: Imperial

text: War

text: Cabinet

text: to

text: co

text: ordinate

text: imperial

text: policy

question: How many people were in the Dominions' armies?

answer: Over 2.5 million

text: Over 2.5 million

question: When was the Gallipoli Campaign?

answer: 1915

question: Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917?

answer: David Lloyd George

text: David Lloyd George

question: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister?

answer: Gallipoli Campaign

text: Gallipoli Campaign

question: The Gallipoli Campaign fought against which country?

answer: the Ottoman Empire

text: the Ottoman Empire


text: Daylighting is the oldest method of interior lighting. Daylighting is simply designing a space to use as much natural light as possible. This decreases energy consumption and costs, and requires less heating and cooling from the building. Daylighting has also been proven to have positive effects on patients in hospitals as well as work and school performance. Due to a lack of information that indicate the likely energy savings, daylighting schemes are not yet popular among most buildings.

title: Lighting

title: Lighting

text: Daylighting

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: method

text: of

text: interior

text: lighting

text: Daylighting

text: is

text: simply

text: designing

text: a

text: space

text: to

text: use

text: as

text: much

text: natural

text: light

text: as

text: possible

text: This

text: decreases

text: energy

text: consumption

text: and

text: costs

text: and

text: requires

text: less

text: heating

text: and

text: cooling

text: from

text: the

text: building

text: Daylighting

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: proven

text: to

text: have

text: positive

text: effects

text: on

text: patients

text: in

text: hospitals

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: work

text: and

text: school

text: performance

text: Due

text: to

text: a

text: lack

text: of

text: information

text: that

text: indicate

text: the

text: likely

text: energy

text: savings

text: daylighting

text: schemes

text: are

text: not

text: yet

text: popular

text: among

text: most

text: buildings

question: What is the oldest method of interior lighting?

answer: Daylighting

text: Daylighting

question: Daylighting has been proven to have negative effects on people?

answer: not

text: not


text: Fluidity of racial categories aside, the "biologification" of race in Brazil referred above would match contemporary concepts of race in the United States quite closely, though, if Brazilians are supposed to choose their race as one among, Asian and Indigenous apart, three IBGE's census categories. While assimilated Amerindians and people with very high quantities of Amerindian ancestry are usually grouped as caboclos, a subgroup of pardos which roughly translates as both mestizo and hillbilly, for those of lower quantity of Amerindian descent a higher European genetic contribution is expected to be grouped as a pardo. In several genetic tests, people with less than 60-65% of European descent and 5-10% of Amerindian descent usually cluster with Afro-Brazilians (as reported by the individuals), or 6.9% of the population, and those with about 45% or more of Subsaharan contribution most times do so (in average, Afro-Brazilian DNA was reported to be about 50% Subsaharan African, 37% European and 13% Amerindian).

title: Race_(human_categorization)

title: Race_(human_categorization

text: Fluidity

text: of

text: racial

text: categories

text: aside

text: the

text: biologification

text: of

text: race

text: in

text: Brazil

text: referred

text: above

text: would

text: match

text: contemporary

text: concepts

text: of

text: race

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: quite

text: closely

text: though

text: if

text: Brazilians

text: are

text: supposed

text: to

text: choose

text: their

text: race

text: as

text: one

text: among

text: Asian

text: and

text: Indigenous

text: apart

text: three

text: IBGE

text: 's

text: census

text: categories

text: While

text: assimilated

text: Amerindians

text: and

text: people

text: with

text: very

text: high

text: quantities

text: of

text: Amerindian

text: ancestry

text: are

text: usually

text: grouped

text: as

text: caboclos

text: a

text: subgroup

text: of

text: pardos

text: which

text: roughly

text: translates

text: as

text: both

text: mestizo

text: and

text: hillbilly

text: for

text: those

text: of

text: lower

text: quantity

text: of

text: Amerindian

text: descent

text: a

text: higher

text: European

text: genetic

text: contribution

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: grouped

text: as

text: a

text: pardo

text: In

text: several

text: genetic

text: tests

text: people

text: with

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: European

text: descent

text: and

text: of

text: Amerindian

text: descent

text: usually

text: cluster

text: with

text: Afro

text: Brazilians

text: as

text: reported

text: by

text: the

text: individuals

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: those

text: with

text: about

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: Subsaharan

text: contribution

text: most

text: times

text: do

text: so

text: in

text: average

text: Afro

text: Brazilian

text: DNA

text: was

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: about

text: Subsaharan

text: African

text: European

text: and

text: Amerindian

question: What categories have an aspect of fluidity?

answer: racial

text: racial

question: What are people with high quantities of Amerindian ancestry grouped as?

answer: caboclos

text: caboclos

question: What's a rough translation of "pardos"?

answer: hillbilly

text: hillbilly

question: What do people with less than 60-65% of European descent usually cluster with?

answer: Afro-Brazilians

text: Afro-Brazilians

question: What percentage of Afro-Brazillian DNA is reported to be Subsaharan African?

answer: 50%


text: Encompassing a wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 2000, 20th century classical music includes late romantic, modern, high-modern, and postmodern styles of composition. Modernism (1890–1930) marked an era when many composers rejected certain values of the common practice period, such as traditional tonality, melody, instrumentation, and structure. The high-modern era saw the emergence of neo-classical and serial music. A few authorities have claimed high-modernism as the beginning of postmodern music from about 1930. Others have more or less equated postmodern music with the "contemporary music" composed from the late 20th century through to the early 21st century.

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: Encompassing

text: a

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: post

text: Romantic

text: styles

text: composed

text: through

text: the

text: year

text: century

text: classical

text: music

text: includes

text: late

text: romantic

text: modern

text: high

text: modern

text: and

text: postmodern

text: styles

text: of

text: composition

text: Modernism

text: marked

text: an

text: era

text: when

text: many

text: composers

text: rejected

text: certain

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: period

text: such

text: as

text: traditional

text: tonality

text: melody

text: instrumentation

text: and

text: structure

text: The

text: high

text: modern

text: era

text: saw

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: neo

text: classical

text: and

text: serial

text: music

text: A

text: few

text: authorities

text: have

text: claimed

text: high

text: modernism

text: as

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: postmodern

text: music

text: from

text: about

text: Others

text: have

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: equated

text: postmodern

text: music

text: with

text: the

text: contemporary

text: music

text: composed

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: century

question: What style does 20th century classical music encompass?

answer: post-Romantic

text: post-Romantic

question: When did modernism take place?

answer: 1890–1930

question: Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during what era?

answer: Modernism

text: Modernism

question: Neo-classical music emerged during what era?

answer: high-modern era

text: high-modern era

question: Postmodern music is also know as what?

answer: contemporary music

text: contemporary music


text: Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay Z were married without publicity. As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together. The couple are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as "the saddest thing" she had ever endured. She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris.

title: Beyoncé

title: Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: first

text: started

text: a

text: relationship

text: with

text: Jay

text: Z

text: after

text: a

text: collaboration

text: on

text: Bonnie

text: Clyde

text: which

text: appeared

text: on

text: his

text: seventh

text: album

text: The

text: Blueprint

text: The

text: Gift

text: The

text: Curse

text: Beyoncé

text: appeared

text: as

text: Jay

text: Z

text: 's

text: girlfriend

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: video

text: for

text: the

text: song

text: which

text: would

text: further

text: fuel

text: speculation

text: of

text: their

text: relationship

text: On

text: April

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Jay

text: Z

text: were

text: married

text: without

text: publicity

text: As

text: of

text: April

text: the

text: couple

text: have

text: sold

text: a

text: combined

text: million

text: records

text: together

text: The

text: couple

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: private

text: relationship

text: although

text: they

text: have

text: appeared

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: relaxed

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: Beyoncé

text: suffered

text: a

text: miscarriage

text: in

text: or

text: describing

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: saddest

text: thing

text: she

text: had

text: ever

text: endured

text: She

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: studio

text: and

text: wrote

text: music

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: cope

text: with

text: the

text: loss

text: In

text: April

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Jay

text: Z

text: traveled

text: to

text: Paris

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: shoot

text: the

text: album

text: cover

text: for

text: her

text: and

text: unexpectedly

text: became

text: pregnant

text: in

text: Paris

question: As of April 2014, how many albums have Jay Z and Beyonce sold together?

answer: 300 million

text: 300 million

question: Where did Beyonce become pregnant?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: Beyonce described what as the "hardest thing she had to endure"?

answer: miscarriage

text: miscarriage

question: Who did Beyonce have a relationship with?

answer: Jay Z

text: Jay Z

question: When were Beyonce and Jay Z married?

answer: April 4, 2008

text: April 4, 2008

question: Together how records have they sold ?

answer: 300 million

text: 300 million

question: How did Beyonce deal with the miscarriage of her child?

answer: wrote music

text: wrote music

question: Where was Beyonce when she became pregnant?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: In which music video did Beyoncé star as Jay Z's girlfriend, creating speculation about their relationship?

answer: '03 Bonnie & Clyde

text: '03 Bonnie & Clyde

question: When were Beyoncé and Jay Z married?

answer: April 4, 2008

text: April 4, 2008

question: How many records combined have Beyoncé and Jay Z sold?

answer: 300 million

text: 300 million

question: What did Beyoncé describe as the saddest thing in her life?

answer: miscarriage

text: miscarriage

question: Where did Beyoncé get pregnant?

answer: Paris.

text: Paris.


text: His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of "neoliberalism". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, "Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals." Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a "more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents".

title: Friedrich_Hayek

title: Friedrich_Hayek

text: His

text: opponents

text: have

text: attacked

text: Hayek

text: as

text: a

text: leading

text: promoter

text: of

text: neoliberalism

text: A

text: British

text: scholar

text: Samuel

text: Brittan

text: concluded

text: in

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Liberty

text: is

text: still

text: probably

text: the

text: most

text: comprehensive

text: statement

text: of

text: the

text: underlying

text: ideas

text: of

text: the

text: moderate

text: free

text: market

text: philosophy

text: espoused

text: by

text: neoliberals

text: Brittan

text: adds

text: that

text: although

text: Raymond

text: Plant

text: comes

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: against

text: Hayek

text: 's

text: doctrines

text: Plant

text: gives

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Liberty

text: a

text: more

text: thorough

text: and

text: fair

text: minded

text: analysis

text: than

text: it

text: has

text: received

text: even

text: from

text: its

text: professed

text: adherents

question: What term do those who disagree with Hayek use to describe his ideals?

answer: neoliberalism

text: neoliberalism

question: Who was it that claimed Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty to be an thorough example of neoliberal philosophy?

answer: Samuel Brittan

text: Samuel Brittan

question: Whose ideals does Brittan believe to win out over Hayek's?

answer: Raymond Plant

text: Raymond Plant


text: During the siege of Jerusalem by the First Crusade in 1099, the Jewish inhabitants of the city fought side by side with the Fatimid garrison and the Muslim population who tried in vain to defend the city against the Crusaders. When the city fell, about 60,000 people were massacred, including 6,000 Jews seeking refuge in a synagogue. At this time, a full thousand years after the fall of the Jewish state, there were Jewish communities all over the country. Fifty of them are known and include Jerusalem, Tiberias, Ramleh, Ashkelon, Caesarea, and Gaza. According to Albert of Aachen, the Jewish residents of Haifa were the main fighting force of the city, and "mixed with Saracen [Fatimid] troops", they fought bravely for close to a month until forced into retreat by the Crusader fleet and land army. However, Joshua Prawer expressed doubt over the story, noting that Albert did not attend the Crusades and that such a prominent role for the Jews is not mentioned by any other source.[undue weight? – discuss]

title: Israel

title: Israel

text: During

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: by

text: the

text: First

text: Crusade

text: in

text: the

text: Jewish

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: fought

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: with

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: garrison

text: and

text: the

text: Muslim

text: population

text: who

text: tried

text: in

text: vain

text: to

text: defend

text: the

text: city

text: against

text: the

text: Crusaders

text: When

text: the

text: city

text: fell

text: about

text: people

text: were

text: massacred

text: including

text: Jews

text: seeking

text: refuge

text: in

text: a

text: synagogue

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: a

text: full

text: thousand

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: state

text: there

text: were

text: Jewish

text: communities

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: country

text: Fifty

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: known

text: and

text: include

text: Jerusalem

text: Tiberias

text: Ramleh

text: Ashkelon

text: Caesarea

text: and

text: Gaza

text: According

text: to

text: Albert

text: of

text: Aachen

text: the

text: Jewish

text: residents

text: of

text: Haifa

text: were

text: the

text: main

text: fighting

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: mixed

text: with

text: Saracen

text: Fatimid

text: troops

text: they

text: fought

text: bravely

text: for

text: close

text: to

text: a

text: month

text: until

text: forced

text: into

text: retreat

text: by

text: the

text: Crusader

text: fleet

text: and

text: land

text: army

text: However

text: Joshua

text: Prawer

text: expressed

text: doubt

text: over

text: the

text: story

text: noting

text: that

text: Albert

text: did

text: not

text: attend

text: the

text: Crusades

text: and

text: that

text: such

text: a

text: prominent

text: role

text: for

text: the

text: Jews

text: is

text: not

text: mentioned

text: by

text: any

text: other

text: source.[undue

text: weight

text: discuss

question: Who did the Jewish inhabitants fight side by side with?

answer: Fatimid garrison

text: Fatimid garrison

question: How many people were massacred when the city fell?

answer: 60,000

question: How many Jews were seeking refuge?

answer: 6,000


text: In the constituent legislature or convention, the conservative and liberal elements formed using the nicknames of Chirrines and Cuchas. The military entered as a third party. The elections for the first regular legislature were disputed, and it was not until May 1, 1826, that the body was installed. The liberals gained control and the opposition responded by fomenting a conspiracy. This was promptly stopped with the aid of informers, and more strenuous measures were taken against the conservatives. Extra powers were conferred on the Durango governor, Santiago Baca Ortiz, deputy to the first national congress, and leader of the liberal party.

title: Chihuahua_(state)

title: Chihuahua_(state

text: In

text: the

text: constituent

text: legislature

text: or

text: convention

text: the

text: conservative

text: and

text: liberal

text: elements

text: formed

text: using

text: the

text: nicknames

text: of

text: Chirrines

text: and

text: Cuchas

text: The

text: military

text: entered

text: as

text: a

text: third

text: party

text: The

text: elections

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: regular

text: legislature

text: were

text: disputed

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: May

text: that

text: the

text: body

text: was

text: installed

text: The

text: liberals

text: gained

text: control

text: and

text: the

text: opposition

text: responded

text: by

text: fomenting

text: a

text: conspiracy

text: This

text: was

text: promptly

text: stopped

text: with

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: informers

text: and

text: more

text: strenuous

text: measures

text: were

text: taken

text: against

text: the

text: conservatives

text: Extra

text: powers

text: were

text: conferred

text: on

text: the

text: Durango

text: governor

text: Santiago

text: Baca

text: Ortiz

text: deputy

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: national

text: congress

text: and

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: liberal

text: party

question: Which nicknames were used to form the conservative and liberal elements?

answer: Chirrines and Cuchas

text: Chirrines and Cuchas

question: Which was the third party?

answer: The military

text: The military

question: In which year was the body installed?

answer: 1826

question: Which party had gained control?

answer: liberals

text: liberals

question: Who was the Durango governor?

answer: Santiago Baca Ortiz

text: Santiago Baca Ortiz


text: In the attempt to satisfy Austria at the time, Britain gave their electoral vote in Hanover for the candidacy of Maria Theresa's son, Joseph, as the Holy Roman Emperor, much to the dismay of Frederick and Prussia. Not only that, Britain would soon join the Austro-Russian alliance, but complications arose. Britain's basic framework for the alliance itself was to protect Hanover's interests against France. While at the same time, Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria. Not only that, France had no intention to ally with Russia, who meddled with their affairs in Austria's succession war, years earlier, and saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: In

text: the

text: attempt

text: to

text: satisfy

text: Austria

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Britain

text: gave

text: their

text: electoral

text: vote

text: in

text: Hanover

text: for

text: the

text: candidacy

text: of

text: Maria

text: Theresa

text: 's

text: son

text: Joseph

text: as

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: dismay

text: of

text: Frederick

text: and

text: Prussia

text: Not

text: only

text: that

text: Britain

text: would

text: soon

text: join

text: the

text: Austro

text: Russian

text: alliance

text: but

text: complications

text: arose

text: Britain

text: 's

text: basic

text: framework

text: for

text: the

text: alliance

text: itself

text: was

text: to

text: protect

text: Hanover

text: 's

text: interests

text: against

text: France

text: While

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Kaunitz

text: kept

text: approaching

text: the

text: French

text: in

text: the

text: hope

text: of

text: establishing

text: such

text: alliance

text: with

text: Austria

text: Not

text: only

text: that

text: France

text: had

text: no

text: intention

text: to

text: ally

text: with

text: Russia

text: who

text: meddled

text: with

text: their

text: affairs

text: in

text: Austria

text: 's

text: succession

text: war

text: years

text: earlier

text: and

text: saw

text: the

text: complete

text: dismemberment

text: of

text: Prussia

text: as

text: unacceptable

text: to

text: the

text: stability

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

question: What country was pleased that Britain used its Hanover vote to elect Joseph as Te Holy Roman Emperor?

answer: Austria

text: Austria

question: What country and person were displeased that Britain used it Hanover vote to elect Joseph as the Holy Roman Emporer?

answer: Frederick and Prussia

text: Frederick and Prussia

question: What was the French view about the dismemberment of Prussia?

answer: saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

text: saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

question: What was a major objective of Britain in joining the Austro-Russian alliance?

answer: to protect Hanover's interests against France.

text: to protect Hanover's interests against France.

question: What was Kaunitz's objective with the French?

answer: Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria

text: Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria


text: Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect objects such as planets, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe. Infrared thermal-imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, to observe changing blood flow in the skin, and to detect overheating of electrical apparatus.

title: Infrared

title: Infrared

text: Infrared

text: radiation

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: industrial

text: scientific

text: and

text: medical

text: applications

text: Night

text: vision

text: devices

text: using

text: active

text: near

text: infrared

text: illumination

text: allow

text: people

text: or

text: animals

text: to

text: be

text: observed

text: without

text: the

text: observer

text: being

text: detected

text: Infrared

text: astronomy

text: uses

text: sensor

text: equipped

text: telescopes

text: to

text: penetrate

text: dusty

text: regions

text: of

text: space

text: such

text: as

text: molecular

text: clouds

text: detect

text: objects

text: such

text: as

text: planets

text: and

text: to

text: view

text: highly

text: red

text: shifted

text: objects

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: Infrared

text: thermal

text: imaging

text: cameras

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: detect

text: heat

text: loss

text: in

text: insulated

text: systems

text: to

text: observe

text: changing

text: blood

text: flow

text: in

text: the

text: skin

text: and

text: to

text: detect

text: overheating

text: of

text: electrical

text: apparatus

question: Along with industrial and medical, in what applications is infrared radiation used?

answer: scientific

text: scientific

question: What technology is used by night-vision devices?

answer: active near-infrared illumination

text: active near-infrared illumination

question: What discipline uses infrared telescopes to see through molecular clouds?

answer: Infrared astronomy

text: Infrared astronomy

question: What color shift indicates that space objects date from the early days of the universe?

answer: red

text: red

question: What devices are used to observe insulated system heat loss?

answer: Infrared thermal-imaging cameras

text: Infrared thermal-imaging cameras

question: What technology allows infrared thermal imaging cameras to observe people or animals without being detected?

text: active near-infrared illumination

question: What technology is used by night vision devices to observe changing blood flow in the skin?

text: active near-infrared illumination

question: What science discipline uses infrared thermal-imaging cameras to penetrate dusty regions of space?

text: Infrared astronomy

question: Along with industrial and medical, in what applications is infrared astronomy used?

text: scientific

question: What type of radiation is used to detect heat loss in insulated systems?

text: Infrared radiation


text: As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the north of the river Aras, among which the contemporary Republic of Azerbaijan, eastern Georgia, Dagestan, and Armenia, were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century.

title: Iran

title: Iran

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Russo

text: Persian

text: wars

text: the

text: Russians

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: and

text: Iran

text: irrevocably

text: lost

text: control

text: over

text: its

text: integral

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: comprising

text: modern

text: day

text: Dagestan

text: Georgia

text: Armenia

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: which

text: got

text: confirmed

text: per

text: the

text: treaties

text: of

text: Gulistan

text: and

text: Turkmenchay

text: The

text: area

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Aras

text: among

text: which

text: the

text: contemporary

text: Republic

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: eastern

text: Georgia

text: Dagestan

text: and

text: Armenia

text: were

text: Iranian

text: territory

text: until

text: they

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: What wars resulted in Iran losing control of the Caucasus to the Russians?

answer: the 19th century Russo-Persian wars

text: the 19th century Russo-Persian wars

question: What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians?

answer: the Caucasus

text: the Caucasus

question: The Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties between Iran and Russia confirmed what?

answer: Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region

text: Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region

question: What century did Iran lose the Caucasus to Russia?

answer: the 19th century

text: the 19th century


text: Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. Statehood supporters also found themselves fighting major battles against political foes, mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska. Statehood was approved by Congress on July 7, 1958. Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959.

title: Alaska

title: Alaska

text: Statehood

text: for

text: Alaska

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: cause

text: of

text: James

text: Wickersham

text: early

text: in

text: his

text: tenure

text: as

text: a

text: congressional

text: delegate

text: Decades

text: later

text: the

text: statehood

text: movement

text: gained

text: its

text: first

text: real

text: momentum

text: following

text: a

text: territorial

text: referendum

text: in

text: The

text: Alaska

text: Statehood

text: Committee

text: and

text: Alaska

text: 's

text: Constitutional

text: Convention

text: would

text: soon

text: follow

text: Statehood

text: supporters

text: also

text: found

text: themselves

text: fighting

text: major

text: battles

text: against

text: political

text: foes

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Congress

text: but

text: also

text: within

text: Alaska

text: Statehood

text: was

text: approved

text: by

text: Congress

text: on

text: July

text: Alaska

text: was

text: officially

text: proclaimed

text: a

text: state

text: on

text: January

question: On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally approved by Congress?

answer: July 7, 1958

text: July 7, 1958

question: On what day was Alaska officially named a state?

answer: January 3, 1959

text: January 3, 1959

question: What cause did James Wickersham focus on in his early Congressional tenure?

answer: Statehood for Alaska

text: Statehood for Alaska

question: In what year did Alaskan Statehood gain momentum following a territorial referendum?

answer: 1946

question: From which areas did Alaskan supporters face political challenges?

answer: mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska

text: mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska

question: On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally disapproved by Congress?

text: July 7, 1958

question: On what day was Alaska unofficially named a state?

text: January 3, 1959

question: What cause did James Wickersham focus on in his later Congressional tenure?

text: Statehood for Alaska

question: In what year did Alaskan Statehood lose momentum following a territorial referendum?


text: Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians (Native Americans), the other being Quito. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan, and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City served as the political, administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the Federal District was created in 1824.

title: Mexico_City

title: Mexico_City

text: Mexico

text: ’s

text: capital

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: oldest

text: capital

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: founded

text: by

text: Amerindians

text: Native

text: Americans

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: Quito

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: originally

text: built

text: on

text: an

text: island

text: of

text: Lake

text: Texcoco

text: by

text: the

text: Aztecs

text: in

text: as

text: Tenochtitlan

text: which

text: was

text: almost

text: completely

text: destroyed

text: in

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: Tenochtitlan

text: and

text: subsequently

text: redesigned

text: and

text: rebuilt

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: Spanish

text: urban

text: standards

text: In

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Mexico

text: City

text: was

text: established

text: known

text: as

text: México

text: Tenochtitlán

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: was

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: Ciudad

text: de

text: México

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Mexico

text: City

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: political

text: administrative

text: and

text: financial

text: center

text: of

text: a

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: colonial

text: empire

text: After

text: independence

text: from

text: Spain

text: was

text: achieved

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: was

text: created

text: in

question: What was the original name of Mexico City?

answer: Tenochtitlan

text: Tenochtitlan

question: Who originally built Mexico City?

answer: the Aztecs

text: the Aztecs

question: When was the Federal District formed?

answer: 1824

question: Where was the city first built?

answer: on an island of Lake Texcoco

text: on an island of Lake Texcoco

question: When was Mexico City officially founded by the Spanish?

answer: 1585


text: In April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal in the policy of Pitt. Ferdinand had succeeded in driving the French from Hanover and Westphalia and re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces, which caused alarm in France. Despite Ferdinand's victory over the French at the Battle of Krefeld and the brief occupation of Düsseldorf, he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine.

title: Seven_Years%27_War

title: Seven_Years%27_War

text: In

text: April

text: the

text: British

text: concluded

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Prussian

text: Convention

text: with

text: Frederick

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: committed

text: to

text: pay

text: him

text: an

text: annual

text: subsidy

text: of

text: Britain

text: also

text: dispatched

text: troops

text: to

text: reinforce

text: Ferdinand

text: 's

text: Hanoverian

text: army

text: the

text: first

text: British

text: troop

text: commitment

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: and

text: a

text: reversal

text: in

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: Pitt

text: Ferdinand

text: had

text: succeeded

text: in

text: driving

text: the

text: French

text: from

text: Hanover

text: and

text: Westphalia

text: and

text: re

text: captured

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Emden

text: in

text: March

text: before

text: crossing

text: the

text: Rhine

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: forces

text: which

text: caused

text: alarm

text: in

text: France

text: Despite

text: Ferdinand

text: 's

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: French

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Krefeld

text: and

text: the

text: brief

text: occupation

text: of

text: Düsseldorf

text: he

text: was

text: compelled

text: by

text: the

text: successful

text: manoeuvering

text: of

text: larger

text: French

text: forces

text: to

text: withdraw

text: across

text: the

text: Rhine

question: What was the annual financial commitment by Britain to Frederick?

answer: an annual subsidy of £670,000

text: an annual subsidy of £670,000

question: How did Britain assist the defense of Hanover?

answer: Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army

text: Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army

question: Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover?

answer: the French

text: the French

question: What caused alarm in France?

answer: re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces

text: re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces

question: Did Ferdinand permanently occupy France?

answer: he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine

text: he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine


text: Following the Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident, President Harry S. Truman, himself a combat veteran of World War I, issued Executive Order 9808 establishing the President's Committee on Civil Rights to examine the violence and recommend appropriate federal legislation. Hearing of the incident, Truman turned to NAACP leader Walter Francis White and declared, "My God! I had no idea it was as terrible as that. We've got to do something." In 1947 the committee published its findings, To Secure These Rights. The book was widely read, influential, and considered utopian for the times: "In our land men are equal, but they are free to be different. From these very differences among our people has come the great human and national strength of America." The report discussed and demonstrated racial discrimination in basic freedoms, education, public facilities, personal safety, and employment opportunities. The committee was disturbed by the state of race relations, and included the evacuation of Americans of Japanese descent during the war "made without a trial or any sort of hearing…Fundamental to our whole system of law is the belief that guilt is personal and not a matter of heredity or association." The recommendations were radical, calling for federal policies and laws to end racial discrimination and bring about equality: "We can tolerate no restrictions upon the individual which depend upon irrelevant factors such as his race, his color, his religion, or the social position to which he is born." To Secure These Rights set the liberal legislative agenda for the next generation that eventually would be signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson.:35–36

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Following

text: the

text: Sergeant

text: Isaac

text: Woodard

text: incident

text: President

text: Harry

text: S.

text: Truman

text: himself

text: a

text: combat

text: veteran

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: issued

text: Executive

text: Order

text: establishing

text: the

text: President

text: 's

text: Committee

text: on

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: violence

text: and

text: recommend

text: appropriate

text: federal

text: legislation

text: Hearing

text: of

text: the

text: incident

text: Truman

text: turned

text: to

text: NAACP

text: leader

text: Walter

text: Francis

text: White

text: and

text: declared

text: My

text: God

text: I

text: had

text: no

text: idea

text: it

text: was

text: as

text: terrible

text: as

text: that

text: We

text: 've

text: got

text: to

text: do

text: something

text: In

text: the

text: committee

text: published

text: its

text: findings

text: To

text: Secure

text: These

text: Rights

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: widely

text: read

text: influential

text: and

text: considered

text: utopian

text: for

text: the

text: times

text: In

text: our

text: land

text: men

text: are

text: equal

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: free

text: to

text: be

text: different

text: From

text: these

text: very

text: differences

text: among

text: our

text: people

text: has

text: come

text: the

text: great

text: human

text: and

text: national

text: strength

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: report

text: discussed

text: and

text: demonstrated

text: racial

text: discrimination

text: in

text: basic

text: freedoms

text: education

text: public

text: facilities

text: personal

text: safety

text: and

text: employment

text: opportunities

text: The

text: committee

text: was

text: disturbed

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: race

text: relations

text: and

text: included

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: Americans

text: of

text: Japanese

text: descent

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: made

text: without

text: a

text: trial

text: or

text: any

text: sort

text: of

text: hearing

text: Fundamental

text: to

text: our

text: whole

text: system

text: of

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: guilt

text: is

text: personal

text: and

text: not

text: a

text: matter

text: of

text: heredity

text: or

text: association

text: The

text: recommendations

text: were

text: radical

text: calling

text: for

text: federal

text: policies

text: and

text: laws

text: to

text: end

text: racial

text: discrimination

text: and

text: bring

text: about

text: equality

text: We

text: can

text: tolerate

text: no

text: restrictions

text: upon

text: the

text: individual

text: which

text: depend

text: upon

text: irrelevant

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: his

text: race

text: his

text: color

text: his

text: religion

text: or

text: the

text: social

text: position

text: to

text: which

text: he

text: is

text: born

text: To

text: Secure

text: These

text: Rights

text: set

text: the

text: liberal

text: legislative

text: agenda

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: generation

text: that

text: eventually

text: would

text: be

text: signed

text: into

text: law

text: by

text: Lyndon

text: B.

question: What group was established in response to Executive Order 9808?

answer: President's Committee on Civil Rights

text: President's Committee on Civil Rights

question: What was the Executive Order 9808 issued in response to?

answer: Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident

text: Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident

question: In which year were the "To Secure These Rights" findings published?

answer: 1947

question: What was the committee especially disturbed by as indicated in their report?

answer: the state of race relations

text: the state of race relations

question: Who in the generation following the "To Secure These Rights" findings sign legislation for affirmative action into law?

answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

text: Lyndon B. Johnson

question: What group was established in response to Executive Order 9108?

text: President's Committee on Civil Rights

question: What was the Executive Order 988 issued in response to?

text: Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident

question: In which year were the "Don't Secure These Rights" findings published?

question: What was the committee not at all disturbed by as indicated in their report?

text: Lyndon B. Johnson


text: The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the nearby Beamish and Crawford brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets are manufactured at the city's Ferrero factory. For many years, Cork was the home to Ford Motor Company, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed in 1984. Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork. But technology has replaced the old manufacturing businesses of the 1970s and 1980s, with people now working in the many I.T. centres of the city – such as Amazon.com, the online retailer, which has set up in Cork Airport Business Park.

title: Cork_(city)

title: Cork_(city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Heineken

text: Brewery

text: that

text: brews

text: Murphy

text: 's

text: Irish

text: Stout

text: and

text: the

text: nearby

text: Beamish

text: and

text: Crawford

text: brewery

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: Heineken

text: in

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: for

text: generations

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: Tic

text: Tac

text: sweets

text: are

text: manufactured

text: at

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Ferrero

text: factory

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: Cork

text: was

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: Ford

text: Motor

text: Company

text: which

text: manufactured

text: cars

text: in

text: the

text: docklands

text: area

text: before

text: the

text: plant

text: was

text: closed

text: in

text: Henry

text: Ford

text: 's

text: grandfather

text: was

text: from

text: West

text: Cork

text: which

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: reasons

text: for

text: opening

text: up

text: the

text: manufacturing

text: facility

text: in

text: Cork

text: But

text: technology

text: has

text: replaced

text: the

text: old

text: manufacturing

text: businesses

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: people

text: now

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: many

text: I.T.

text: centres

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: such

text: as

text: Amazon.com

text: the

text: online

text: retailer

text: which

text: has

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: Cork

text: Airport

text: Business

text: Park

question: Cork is home to which internationally famous brewery?

answer: Heineken

text: Heineken

question: What is the Ferro Factory known for producing?

answer: 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets

text: 45% of the world's Tic Tac sweets

question: Which car company closed the doors on it's Cork operations in 1984?

answer: Ford Motor Company

text: Ford Motor Company

question: What online retail giant has operations at the Cork Airport Business Park?

answer: Amazon.com

text: Amazon.com

question: Why was it natural to have Ford Motor Company based in Cork?

answer: Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork

text: Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork

question: What brewery took over Heineken in 2008?

text: Beamish and Crawford brewery

question: Where are most of the world's Tic Tacs made?

text: Ferrero factory.

question: What car manufacturer came to Cork in 1984?

text: Ford Motor Company

question: What businessman was from Cork?

text: Henry Ford

question: What did Beamish and Crawford brewery take over in 1984?

text: Heineken

question: How many people in the city drink Heineken?

question: In what year did Ford open its first factory in Beamish?

question: What famous company owner's grandfather was from Beamish?

text: Henry Ford's

question: Where has the Heineken Brewery set up its main location?

text: Cork Airport Business Park


text: Season four premiered on January 18, 2005; this was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition, although the finale of season three was also aired in high definition. The number of those attending the auditions by now had increased to over 100,000 from the 10,000 of the first season. The age limit was raised to 28 in this season, and among those who benefited from this new rule were Constantine Maroulis and Bo Bice, the two rockers of the show.

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: Season

text: four

text: premiered

text: on

text: January

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: to

text: be

text: aired

text: in

text: high

text: definition

text: although

text: the

text: finale

text: of

text: season

text: three

text: was

text: also

text: aired

text: in

text: high

text: definition

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: those

text: attending

text: the

text: auditions

text: by

text: now

text: had

text: increased

text: to

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: season

text: The

text: age

text: limit

text: was

text: raised

text: to

text: in

text: this

text: season

text: and

text: among

text: those

text: who

text: benefited

text: from

text: this

text: new

text: rule

text: were

text: Constantine

text: Maroulis

text: and

text: Bo

text: Bice

text: the

text: two

text: rockers

text: of

text: the

text: show

question: What year did season four of American Idol first air?

answer: 2005

question: How many contestants auditioned for the fourth season of American Idol?

answer: over 100,000

text: over 100,000

question: What was the oldest that you could be to qualify as a contestant on the fourth season of American Idol?

answer: 28

question: What  was the first full season of American Idol to air in high definition?

answer: Season four

text: Season four

question: In which season was Bo Bice a contestant on American Idol?

answer: Season four

text: Season four

question: When did season four premiere?

answer: January 18, 2005

text: January 18, 2005

question: Season four was the first full season to be aired in what?

answer: high definition

text: high definition

question: How many people auditioned to be on American Idol?

answer: over 100,000

text: over 100,000

question: What was the maximum age a contestant could be starting this season?

answer: 28


text: The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: periods

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: enduring

text: scheme

text: for

text: analysing

text: European

text: history

text: classical

text: civilisation

text: or

text: Antiquity

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Modern

text: Period

question: Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history?

answer: the Modern Period

text: the Modern Period

question: How many major periods is European history divided into?

answer: three

text: three

question: What is another name for Antiquity?

answer: classical civilisation

text: classical civilisation


text: 155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights. It is the northernmost of the 155 crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: crosstown

text: street

text: considered

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: boundary

text: between

text: Harlem

text: and

text: Washington

text: Heights

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: of

text: the

text: crosstown

text: streets

text: mapped

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: Commissioner

text: 's

text: Plan

text: of

text: that

text: established

text: the

text: numbered

text: street

text: grid

text: in

text: Manhattan

question: How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?

answer: 155

question: Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?

answer: 155th Street

text: 155th Street

question: Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights?

answer: 155th Street

text: 155th Street

question: What document established Manhattan's numbered street grid?

answer: Commissioner's Plan of 1811

text: Commissioner's Plan of 1811

question: 155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood?

answer: Washington Heights

text: Washington Heights