text: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika  listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.

title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic

text: The

text: Russian

text: Soviet

text: Federative

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: or

text: RSFSR

text: Russian

text: Российская

text: Советская

text: Федеративная

text: Социалистическая

text: Республика

text: tr

text: Rossiyskaya

text: Sovetskaya

text: Federativnaya

text: Sotsialisticheskaya

text: Respublika

text: listen

text: help·info

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Soviet

text: Russia

text: or

text: simply

text: as

text: Russia

text: was

text: a

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: largest

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: most

text: economically

text: developed

text: republic

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

text: and

text: a

text: sovereign

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: legislation

text: in

text: The

text: Republic

text: comprised

text: sixteen

text: autonomous

text: republics

text: five

text: autonomous

text: oblasts

text: ten

text: autonomous

text: okrugs

text: six

text: krais

text: and

text: forty

text: oblasts

text: Russians

text: formed

text: the

text: largest

text: ethnic

text: group

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: it

text: bordered

text: Finland

text: Norway

text: and

text: Poland

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: China

text: Mongolia

text: and

text: North

text: Korea

text: whilst

text: bordering

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: sea

text: and

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Within

text: the

text: USSR

text: it

text: bordered

text: the

text: Baltic

text: republics

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Estonia

text: the

text: Byelorussian

text: SSR

text: and

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: SSR

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: it

text: bordered

text: the

text: Georgian

text: Azerbaijan

text: and

text: Kazakh

text: SSRs

question: Which ocean is along eastern Russia?

answer: the Pacific Ocean

text: the Pacific Ocean

question: Which union did Russia belong to after 1922?

answer: the Soviet Union

text: the Soviet Union

question: When did the RSFSR cease to be a part of the Soviet Union?

answer: 91

question: How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR?

answer: sixteen

text: sixteen

question: The RSFSR contains how many oblasts?

answer: forty

text: forty

question: How many autonomous oblasts were part of the RSFSR?

answer: five

text: five

question: How many krais were present in the RSFSR?

answer: six

text: six

question: Which ocean is along western Russia?

text: Pacific

question: Which union did Russia belong to before 1922?

text: Soviet Union

question: When did the RSFSR continue to be a part of the Soviet Union?

question: How many dependent republics make up the RSFSR?

text: sixteen

question: The RSFSR rejects how many oblasts?

text: forty


text: On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities are directed at African leaders". That month, Amnesty International published their findings, in which they asserted that many of the accusations of mass human rights abuses made against Gaddafist forces lacked credible evidence, and were instead fabrications of the rebel forces which had been readily adopted by the western media. Amnesty International did however still accuse Gaddafi forces of numerous war crimes. On 15 July 2011, at a meeting in Istanbul, over 30 governments recognised the NTC as the legitimate government of Libya. Gaddafi responded to the announcement with a speech on Libyan national television, in which he called on supporters to "Trample on those recognitions, trample on them under your feet ... They are worthless".

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: On

text: June

text: the

text: ICC

text: issued

text: arrest

text: warrants

text: for

text: Gaddafi

text: his

text: son

text: Saif

text: al

text: Islam

text: and

text: his

text: brother

text: in

text: law

text: Abdullah

text: Senussi

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: security

text: for

text: charges

text: concerning

text: crimes

text: against

text: humanity

text: Libyan

text: officials

text: rejected

text: the

text: ICC

text: claiming

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: no

text: legitimacy

text: whatsoever

text: and

text: highlighting

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: activities

text: are

text: directed

text: at

text: African

text: leaders

text: That

text: month

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: published

text: their

text: findings

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: asserted

text: that

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: accusations

text: of

text: mass

text: human

text: rights

text: abuses

text: made

text: against

text: Gaddafist

text: forces

text: lacked

text: credible

text: evidence

text: and

text: were

text: instead

text: fabrications

text: of

text: the

text: rebel

text: forces

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: readily

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: western

text: media

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: did

text: however

text: still

text: accuse

text: Gaddafi

text: forces

text: of

text: numerous

text: war

text: crimes

text: On

text: July

text: at

text: a

text: meeting

text: in

text: Istanbul

text: over

text: governments

text: recognised

text: the

text: NTC

text: as

text: the

text: legitimate

text: government

text: of

text: Libya

text: Gaddafi

text: responded

text: to

text: the

text: announcement

text: with

text: a

text: speech

text: on

text: Libyan

text: national

text: television

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: called

text: on

text: supporters

text: to

text: Trample

text: on

text: those

text: recognitions

text: trample

text: on

text: them

text: under

text: your

text: feet

text: They

text: are

text: worthless

question: What position was held by Gaddafi's brother-in-law?

answer: head of state security

text: head of state security

question: About how many governments recognized the legitimacy of the NTC at a meeting on July 15, 2011?

answer: 30

question: Where did the July 15, 2011 meeting take place?

answer: Istanbul

text: Istanbul

question: Which child of Gaddafi did the ICC issue an arrest warrant for on June 27?

answer: Saif al-Islam

text: Saif al-Islam

question: Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law?

answer: Abdullah Senussi

text: Abdullah Senussi


text: Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.

title: Copyright_infringement

title: Copyright_infringement

text: Copyright

text: infringement

text: disputes

text: are

text: usually

text: resolved

text: through

text: direct

text: negotiation

text: a

text: notice

text: and

text: take

text: down

text: process

text: or

text: litigation

text: in

text: civil

text: court

text: Egregious

text: or

text: large

text: scale

text: commercial

text: infringement

text: especially

text: when

text: it

text: involves

text: counterfeiting

text: is

text: sometimes

text: prosecuted

text: via

text: the

text: criminal

text: justice

text: system

text: Shifting

text: public

text: expectations

text: advances

text: in

text: digital

text: technology

text: and

text: the

text: increasing

text: reach

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: such

text: widespread

text: anonymous

text: infringement

text: that

text: copyright

text: dependent

text: industries

text: now

text: focus

text: less

text: on

text: pursuing

text: individuals

text: who

text: seek

text: and

text: share

text: copyright

text: protected

text: content

text: online

text: and

text: more

text: on

text: expanding

text: copyright

text: law

text: to

text: recognize

text: and

text: penalize

text: as

text: indirect

text: infringers

text: the

text: service

text: providers

text: and

text: software

text: distributors

text: which

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: facilitate

text: and

text: encourage

text: individual

text: acts

text: of

text: infringement

text: by

text: others

question: How are disputes resolved for small scale infringement?

answer: direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court

text: direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court

question: Why has copyright infringement increased recently?

answer: Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet

text: Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet

question: What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works?

answer: service providers and software distributors

text: service providers and software distributors

question: What are content creation industries focusing on doing to prevent infringement?

answer: expanding copyright law

text: expanding copyright law

question: What can happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale?

answer: prosecuted via the criminal justice system

text: prosecuted via the criminal justice system

question: What are two examples of groups that allow you to obtain copies of protected works?

answer: service providers and software distributors

text: service providers and software distributors

question: How are disputes unresolved for small scale infringement?

question: Why has copyright infringement decreased recently?

question: What are content creation industries focusing on doing to aid infringement?

question: What can't happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale?

question: What are two examples of groups that disallow you to make copies of protected works?


text: In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her womb through the Holy Ghost and accept the doctrine of the Virgin Birth, although they, along with Orthodox Christians and other Protestant Christians, reject the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. John Wesley, the principal founder of the Methodist movement within the Church of England, believed that Mary "continued a pure and unspotted virgin", thus upholding the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary. Contemporary Methodism does hold that Mary was a virgin before, during, and immediately after the birth of Christ. In addition, some Methodists also hold the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary as a pious opinion.

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)

title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus

text: In

text: Methodism

text: Mary

text: is

text: honored

text: as

text: the

text: Mother

text: of

text: God

text: Methodists

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: additional

text: teachings

text: on

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Mary

text: except

text: from

text: what

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: Scripture

text: and

text: the

text: ecumenical

text: Creeds

text: As

text: such

text: Methodists

text: believe

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: conceived

text: in

text: her

text: womb

text: through

text: the

text: Holy

text: Ghost

text: and

text: accept

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: Virgin

text: Birth

text: although

text: they

text: along

text: with

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: and

text: other

text: Protestant

text: Christians

text: reject

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: Immaculate

text: Conception

text: John

text: Wesley

text: the

text: principal

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Methodist

text: movement

text: within

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: believed

text: that

text: Mary

text: continued

text: a

text: pure

text: and

text: unspotted

text: virgin

text: thus

text: upholding

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: perpetual

text: virginity

text: of

text: Mary

text: Contemporary

text: Methodism

text: does

text: hold

text: that

text: Mary

text: was

text: a

text: virgin

text: before

text: during

text: and

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Christ

text: In

text: addition

text: some

text: Methodists

text: also

text: hold

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: Assumption

text: of

text: Mary

text: as

text: a

text: pious

text: opinion

question: Which doctrine about Mary do Methodists reject?

answer: the Immaculate Conception

text: the Immaculate Conception

question: Who was the founder of the Methodist movement?

answer: John Wesley

text: John Wesley

question: What are the sources of beliefs about Mary held by Methodists?

answer: Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds

text: Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds

question: The Methodist movement began in which church?

answer: the Church of England

text: the Church of England

question: Which Marian doctrine did John Wesley uphold in founding Methodism?

answer: the perpetual virginity of Mary

text: the perpetual virginity of Mary

question: What group founded the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception?

text: Orthodox Christians

question: What country was the church in that John Wesley departed from?

text: England

question: Who wrote the the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary?

text: John Wesley

question: The Methodist movement ended in which church?

text: the Church of England


text:
LE: Life expectancy at birth
MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)
EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)
GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

title: Human_Development_Index

title: Human_Development_Index

text: LE

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: at

text: birth

text: MYS

text: Mean

text: years

text: of

text: schooling

text: Years

text: that

text: a

text: person

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: or

text: older

text: has

text: spent

text: in

text: schools

text: EYS

text: Expected

text: years

text: of

text: schooling

text: Years

text: that

text: a

text: old

text: child

text: will

text: spend

text: in

text: schools

text: throughout

text: his

text: life

text: GNIpc

text: Gross

text: national

text: income

text: at

text: purchasing

text: power

text: parity

text: per

text: capita

question: What does LE stand for?

answer: Life expectancy at birth

text: Life expectancy at birth

question: What does MYS stand for?

answer: Mean years of schooling

text: Mean years of schooling

question: What does EYS stand for?

answer: Expected years of schooling

text: Expected years of schooling

question: What does GNIpc stand for?

answer: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

text: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

question: What does LI stand for?

text: Life expectancy at birth

question: What does MIS stand for?

text: Mean years of schooling

question: What does EYES stand for?

text: Expected years of schooling

question: What does GNLpc stand for?


text: When Richard was five years old, his mother gave birth to a younger brother, but this brother died at four weeks of age. Four years later, Richard gained a sister, Joan, and the family moved to Far Rockaway, Queens. Though separated by nine years, Joan and Richard were close, as they both shared a natural curiosity about the world. Their mother thought that women did not have the cranial capacity to comprehend such things. Despite their mother's disapproval of Joan's desire to study astronomy, Richard encouraged his sister to explore the universe. Joan eventually became an astrophysicist specializing in interactions between the Earth and the solar wind.

title: Richard_Feynman

title: Richard_Feynman

text: When

text: Richard

text: was

text: five

text: years

text: old

text: his

text: mother

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: a

text: younger

text: brother

text: but

text: this

text: brother

text: died

text: at

text: four

text: weeks

text: of

text: age

text: Four

text: years

text: later

text: Richard

text: gained

text: a

text: sister

text: Joan

text: and

text: the

text: family

text: moved

text: to

text: Far

text: Rockaway

text: Queens

text: Though

text: separated

text: by

text: nine

text: years

text: Joan

text: and

text: Richard

text: were

text: close

text: as

text: they

text: both

text: shared

text: a

text: natural

text: curiosity

text: about

text: the

text: world

text: Their

text: mother

text: thought

text: that

text: women

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: the

text: cranial

text: capacity

text: to

text: comprehend

text: such

text: things

text: Despite

text: their

text: mother

text: 's

text: disapproval

text: of

text: Joan

text: 's

text: desire

text: to

text: study

text: astronomy

text: Richard

text: encouraged

text: his

text: sister

text: to

text: explore

text: the

text: universe

text: Joan

text: eventually

text: became

text: an

text: astrophysicist

text: specializing

text: in

text: interactions

text: between

text: the

text: Earth

text: and

text: the

text: solar

text: wind

question: What happened to Feyman's younger brother?

answer: died at four weeks of age

text: died at four weeks of age

question: What is Feynman's sister's name?

answer: Joan

text: Joan

question: What science displicine did Feyman encourage his sister to study?

answer: astronomy

text: astronomy

question: Who was the one that pushed Joan to explore the universe?

answer: Richard

text: Richard

question: What career did Joan hold?

answer: astrophysicist

text: astrophysicist

question: What happened to Feyman's younger parent?

text: died at four weeks of age

question: What is Feynman's estranged sister's name?

text: Joan

question: What scientific discipline did Feynman discourage his sister from studying?

text: astronomy

question: Who was the one that pushed Richard to explore the universe?

text: Joan

question: What career did Joan lose?

text: astrophysicist


text: Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as "The Big House". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams.

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: is

text: a

text: major

text: scene

text: of

text: college

text: sports

text: most

text: notably

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Ten

text: Conference

text: Several

text: well

text: known

text: college

text: sports

text: facilities

text: exist

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: including

text: Michigan

text: Stadium

text: the

text: largest

text: American

text: football

text: stadium

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: stadium

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: and

text: cost

text: more

text: than

text: to

text: build

text: It

text: has

text: a

text: seating

text: capacity

text: after

text: multiple

text: renovations

text: were

text: made

text: The

text: stadium

text: is

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Big

text: House

text: Crisler

text: Center

text: and

text: Yost

text: Ice

text: Arena

text: play

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: school

text: 's

text: basketball

text: both

text: men

text: 's

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: and

text: ice

text: hockey

text: teams

text: respectively

text: Concordia

text: University

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: NAIA

text: also

text: fields

text: sports

text: teams

question: Who is the member of the Big Ten Conference in college sports in the city?

answer: University of Michigan

text: University of Michigan

question: Which is the largest American football stadium in the world?

answer: Michigan Stadium

text: Michigan Stadium

question: What is the Michigan Stadium called colloquially?

answer: The Big House

text: The Big House

question: What stadium was completed in 1972?

text: Michigan Stadium

question: Ice hockey is played at what Center?

text: Crisler Center

question: What stadium cost more than $590,000 to build?

text: Michigan Stadium

question: What conference is Concordia University a member of?

text: Big Ten Conference

question: What is the nickname of Crisler Center?

text: The Big House


text: As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in irreversible states (i.e., as heat or other kinds of increases in disorder). This has been referred to as the inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe. In this heat death the energy of the universe does not change, but the fraction of energy which is available to do work through a heat engine, or be transformed to other usable forms of energy (through the use of generators attached to heat engines), grows less and less.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: As

text: the

text: universe

text: evolves

text: in

text: time

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: of

text: its

text: energy

text: becomes

text: trapped

text: in

text: irreversible

text: states

text: i.e.

text: as

text: heat

text: or

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: increases

text: in

text: disorder

text: This

text: has

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: inevitable

text: thermodynamic

text: heat

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: In

text: this

text: heat

text: death

text: the

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: does

text: not

text: change

text: but

text: the

text: fraction

text: of

text: energy

text: which

text: is

text: available

text: to

text: do

text: work

text: through

text: a

text: heat

text: engine

text: or

text: be

text: transformed

text: to

text: other

text: usable

text: forms

text: of

text: energy

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: generators

text: attached

text: to

text: heat

text: engines

text: grows

text: less

text: and

text: less

question: As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in what?

answer: irreversible states

text: irreversible states

question: What is it referred to when more and more of energy becomes trapped in irreversible states?

answer: inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe

text: inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe

question: In this heat death of energy, what does not change?

answer: energy of the universe

text: energy of the universe

question: As the universe evolves in time, less and less of its energy becomes trapped in what?

text: irreversible states

question: What is it referred to when more and more of energy becomes freed from irreversible states?

question: In this heat death of energy, what changes?

text: energy of the universe

question: how much energy is not available to do work through a heat engine?

text: fraction

question: what is not attached to heat engines?

text: generators


text: In the aftermath of the First World War, Greece attempted further expansion into Asia Minor, a region with a large native Greek population at the time, but was defeated in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, contributing to a massive flight of Asia Minor Greeks. These events overlapped, with both happening during the Greek genocide (1914-1922), a period during which, according to various sources, Ottoman and Turkish officials contributed to the death of several hundred thousand Asia Minor Greeks. The resultant Greek exodus from Asia Minor was made permanent, and expanded, in an official Population exchange between Greece and Turkey. The exchange was part of the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne which ended the war.

title: Greece

title: Greece

text: In

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: Greece

text: attempted

text: further

text: expansion

text: into

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: a

text: region

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: native

text: Greek

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: but

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: the

text: Greco

text: Turkish

text: War

text: of

text: contributing

text: to

text: a

text: massive

text: flight

text: of

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: Greeks

text: These

text: events

text: overlapped

text: with

text: both

text: happening

text: during

text: the

text: Greek

text: genocide

text: a

text: period

text: during

text: which

text: according

text: to

text: various

text: sources

text: Ottoman

text: and

text: Turkish

text: officials

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: several

text: hundred

text: thousand

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: Greeks

text: The

text: resultant

text: Greek

text: exodus

text: from

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: was

text: made

text: permanent

text: and

text: expanded

text: in

text: an

text: official

text: Population

text: exchange

text: between

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: The

text: exchange

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lausanne

text: which

text: ended

text: the

text: war

question: What years did the Greco-Turkish war take place?

answer: 1919–1922

question: After World War I, Greece wanted to expand into what area?

answer: Asia Minor

text: Asia Minor

question: An exchange of people between Greece and Turkey took place under what agreement?

answer: Treaty of Lausanne

text: Treaty of Lausanne

question: In what time period did the genocide of Greeks take place?

answer: 1914-1922

question: Who caused the deaths of thousands of Greeks?

answer: Ottoman and Turkish officials

text: Ottoman and Turkish officials


text: La Diablada Carnival takes place in Oruro in central Bolivia. It is celebrated in honor of the miners' patron saint, Vírgen de Socavon (the Virgin of the Tunnels). Over 50 parade groups dance, sing and play music over a five kilometre-long course. Participants dress up as demons, devils, angels, Incas and Spanish conquistadors. Dances include caporales and tinkus. The parade runs from morning until late at night, 18 hours a day, 3 days before Ash Wednesday. It was declared the 2001 "Masterpieces of Oral Heritage and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" for UNESCO. Throughout the country celebrations are held involving traditional rhythms and water parties. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, on the east side of the country, tropical weather allows a Brazilian-type Carnival, with Comparsas dancing traditional songs in matching uniforms.

title: Carnival

title: Carnival

text: La

text: Diablada

text: Carnival

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: Oruro

text: in

text: central

text: Bolivia

text: It

text: is

text: celebrated

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: the

text: miners

text: patron

text: saint

text: Vírgen

text: de

text: Socavon

text: the

text: Virgin

text: of

text: the

text: Tunnels

text: Over

text: parade

text: groups

text: dance

text: sing

text: and

text: play

text: music

text: over

text: a

text: five

text: kilometre

text: long

text: course

text: Participants

text: dress

text: up

text: as

text: demons

text: devils

text: angels

text: Incas

text: and

text: Spanish

text: conquistadors

text: Dances

text: include

text: caporales

text: and

text: tinkus

text: The

text: parade

text: runs

text: from

text: morning

text: until

text: late

text: at

text: night

text: hours

text: a

text: day

text: days

text: before

text: Ash

text: Wednesday

text: It

text: was

text: declared

text: the

text: Masterpieces

text: of

text: Oral

text: Heritage

text: and

text: Intangible

text: Heritage

text: of

text: Humanity

text: for

text: UNESCO

text: Throughout

text: the

text: country

text: celebrations

text: are

text: held

text: involving

text: traditional

text: rhythms

text: and

text: water

text: parties

text: In

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: la

text: Sierra

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: tropical

text: weather

text: allows

text: a

text: Brazilian

text: type

text: Carnival

text: with

text: Comparsas

text: dancing

text: traditional

text: songs

text: in

text: matching

text: uniforms

question: Which Carnival takes place in Oruro in Bolivia?

answer: La Diablada

text: La Diablada

question: Who is the miners' patron saint?

answer: Vírgen de Socavon

text: Vírgen de Socavon

question: Over how many parade groups participate in the festivities?

answer: 50

question: How many hours a day does the parade run?

answer: 18

question: What does the tropical weather on the east side of Bolivia allow?

answer: a Brazilian-type Carnival

text: a Brazilian-type Carnival


text: The astrophysicist Nidhal Guessoum while being highly critical of pseudo-scientific claims made about the Quran, has highlighted the encouragement for sciences that the Quran provides by developing "the concept of knowledge.". He writes: "The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence (And follow not that of which you have not the (certain) knowledge of... 17:36) and in several different verses asks Muslims to require proofs (Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful 2:111), both in matters of theological belief and in natural science." Guessoum cites Ghaleb Hasan on the definition of "proof" according the Quran being "clear and strong... convincing evidence or argument." Also, such a proof cannot rely on an argument from authority, citing verse 5:104. Lastly, both assertions and rejections require a proof, according to verse 4:174. Ismail al-Faruqi and Taha Jabir Alalwani are of the view that any reawakening of the Muslim civilization must start with the Quran; however, the biggest obstacle on this route is the "centuries old heritage of tafseer (exegesis) and other classical disciplines" which inhibit a "universal, epidemiological and systematic conception" of the Quran's message. The philosopher Muhammad Iqbal, considered the Quran's methodology and epistemology to be empirical and rational.

title: Quran

title: Quran

text: The

text: astrophysicist

text: Nidhal

text: Guessoum

text: while

text: being

text: highly

text: critical

text: of

text: pseudo

text: scientific

text: claims

text: made

text: about

text: the

text: Quran

text: has

text: highlighted

text: the

text: encouragement

text: for

text: sciences

text: that

text: the

text: Quran

text: provides

text: by

text: developing

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: knowledge

text: He

text: writes

text: The

text: Qur'an

text: draws

text: attention

text: to

text: the

text: danger

text: of

text: conjecturing

text: without

text: evidence

text: And

text: follow

text: not

text: that

text: of

text: which

text: you

text: have

text: not

text: the

text: certain

text: knowledge

text: of

text: and

text: in

text: several

text: different

text: verses

text: asks

text: Muslims

text: to

text: require

text: proofs

text: Say

text: Bring

text: your

text: proof

text: if

text: you

text: are

text: truthful

text: both

text: in

text: matters

text: of

text: theological

text: belief

text: and

text: in

text: natural

text: science

text: Guessoum

text: cites

text: Ghaleb

text: Hasan

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: proof

text: according

text: the

text: Quran

text: being

text: clear

text: and

text: strong

text: convincing

text: evidence

text: or

text: argument

text: Also

text: such

text: a

text: proof

text: can

text: not

text: rely

text: on

text: an

text: argument

text: from

text: authority

text: citing

text: verse

text: Lastly

text: both

text: assertions

text: and

text: rejections

text: require

text: a

text: proof

text: according

text: to

text: verse

text: Ismail

text: al

text: Faruqi

text: and

text: Taha

text: Jabir

text: Alalwani

text: are

text: of

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: any

text: reawakening

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: civilization

text: must

text: start

text: with

text: the

text: Quran

text: however

text: the

text: biggest

text: obstacle

text: on

text: this

text: route

text: is

text: the

text: centuries

text: old

text: heritage

text: of

text: tafseer

text: exegesis

text: and

text: other

text: classical

text: disciplines

text: which

text: inhibit

text: a

text: universal

text: epidemiological

text: and

text: systematic

text: conception

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: 's

text: message

text: The

text: philosopher

text: Muhammad

text: Iqbal

text: considered

text: the

text: Quran

text: 's

text: methodology

text: and

text: epistemology

text: to

text: be

text: empirical

text: and

text: rational

question: Which astrophysicist has written about the ways the Quran encourages scientific thinking?

answer: Nidhal Guessoum

text: Nidhal Guessoum

question: Verse 2:111 of the Quran supports which aspect of scientific thought and practice?

answer: proof

text: proof

question: Whose scholarship on the concept of proof in the Quran does Guessoum cite?

answer: Ghaleb Hasan

text: Ghaleb Hasan

question: Which philosopher believed the Quran had a rational and empirical basis like science?

answer: Muhammad Iqbal

text: Muhammad Iqbal

question: Which astrobiologist has written about the ways the Quran encourages scientific thinking?

text: Nidhal Guessoum

question: Which astrophysicist has written about the ways the Quran discourages scientific thinking?

text: Nidhal Guessoum

question: Verse 2:111 of the Quran supports which aspect of nonscientific thought and practice?

text: proof

question: Whose scholarship on the concept of proof in the Quran doesn't Guessoum cite?

text: Ghaleb Hasan

question: Which philosopher believed the Quran had a irrational and empirical basis like science?

text: Muhammad Iqbal


text: Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe.

title: Muslim_world

title: Muslim_world

text: Advances

text: were

text: made

text: in

text: irrigation

text: and

text: farming

text: using

text: new

text: technology

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: windmill

text: Crops

text: such

text: as

text: almonds

text: and

text: citrus

text: fruit

text: were

text: brought

text: to

text: Europe

text: through

text: al

text: Andalus

text: and

text: sugar

text: cultivation

text: was

text: gradually

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Europeans

text: Arab

text: merchants

text: dominated

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: until

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Hormuz

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: this

text: trade

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: a

text: dense

text: network

text: of

text: trade

text: routes

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: along

text: which

text: Muslim

text: countries

text: traded

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: with

text: European

text: powers

text: such

text: as

text: Venice

text: Genoa

text: and

text: Catalonia

text: The

text: Silk

text: Road

text: crossing

text: Central

text: Asia

text: passed

text: through

text: Muslim

text: states

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Europe

question: What was the windmill used for?

answer: irrigation and farming

text: irrigation and farming

question: which crops were brought to europe from the Muslim World?

answer: almonds and citrus fruit

text: almonds and citrus fruit

question: Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom?

answer: Arab merchants

text: Arab merchants

question: When did the Portuguese arrive in the Indian Ocean?

answer: 16th century

text: 16th century

question: Where was an important center of Indian Ocean trading in the 16th century?

answer: Hormuz

text: Hormuz

question: What technology was developed from advances in irrigation and farming?

text: the windmill

question: What crops were brought from Europe?

text: almonds and citrus fruit

question: What cultivation was gradually adopted by Muslims>

text: sugar

question: Where did Arab merchants dominate after the 16th century?

text: Indian Ocean

question: Who arrived in the Indian Ocean in the 1600's

text: Portuguese


text: Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite.

title: High-definition_television

title: High

title: definition_television

text: Early

text: HDTV

text: commercial

text: experiments

text: such

text: as

text: NHK

text: 's

text: MUSE

text: required

text: over

text: four

text: times

text: the

text: bandwidth

text: of

text: a

text: standard

text: definition

text: broadcast

text: Despite

text: efforts

text: made

text: to

text: reduce

text: analog

text: HDTV

text: to

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: bandwidth

text: of

text: SDTV

text: these

text: television

text: formats

text: were

text: still

text: distributable

text: only

text: by

text: satellite

question: How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?

answer: over four times

text: over four times

question: Efforts were made to reduce analog HDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?

answer: about twice

text: about twice

question: Despite the reduced bandwith, HDTV format still had to be distributed how?

answer: by satellite

text: by satellite

question: What kind of experiments required over four times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?

answer: Early HDTV commercial experiments

text: Early HDTV commercial experiments

question: How much more bandwith was required from early SDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?

text: four times

question: Efforts were made to reduce analog SDTV to how much of the bandwith of SDTV?

text: twice

question: Despite the reduced bandwith, SDTV format still had to be distributed how?

text: satellite

question: What kind of experiments required over five times the bandwith of a SDTV broadcast?

text: Early HDTV commercial experiments


text: At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals. For example, the 2005–06 season of the English Premier League produced an average of 2.48 goals per match. The Laws of the Game do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of specialised roles have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers, or forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders, who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team. Players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper. These positions are further subdivided according to the area of the field in which the player spends most time. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination. The number of players in each position determines the style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse creates a slower, more defensive style of play. While players typically spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of a team's players is known as a formation. Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager.

title: Association_football

title: Association_football

text: At

text: a

text: professional

text: level

text: most

text: matches

text: produce

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: goals

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: season

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Premier

text: League

text: produced

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: goals

text: per

text: match

text: The

text: Laws

text: of

text: the

text: Game

text: do

text: not

text: specify

text: any

text: player

text: positions

text: other

text: than

text: goalkeeper

text: but

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: specialised

text: roles

text: have

text: evolved

text: Broadly

text: these

text: include

text: three

text: main

text: categories

text: strikers

text: or

text: forwards

text: whose

text: main

text: task

text: is

text: to

text: score

text: goals

text: defenders

text: who

text: specialise

text: in

text: preventing

text: their

text: opponents

text: from

text: scoring

text: and

text: midfielders

text: who

text: dispossess

text: the

text: opposition

text: and

text: keep

text: possession

text: of

text: the

text: ball

text: to

text: pass

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: forwards

text: on

text: their

text: team

text: Players

text: in

text: these

text: positions

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: outfield

text: players

text: to

text: distinguish

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: goalkeeper

text: These

text: positions

text: are

text: further

text: subdivided

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: player

text: spends

text: most

text: time

text: For

text: example

text: there

text: are

text: central

text: defenders

text: and

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: midfielders

text: The

text: ten

text: outfield

text: players

text: may

text: be

text: arranged

text: in

text: any

text: combination

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: players

text: in

text: each

text: position

text: determines

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: play

text: more

text: forwards

text: and

text: fewer

text: defenders

text: creates

text: a

text: more

text: aggressive

text: and

text: offensive

text: minded

text: game

text: while

text: the

text: reverse

text: creates

text: a

text: slower

text: more

text: defensive

text: style

text: of

text: play

text: While

text: players

text: typically

text: spend

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: in

text: a

text: specific

text: position

text: there

text: are

text: few

text: restrictions

text: on

text: player

text: movement

text: and

text: players

text: can

text: switch

text: positions

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: The

text: layout

text: of

text: a

text: team

text: 's

text: players

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: a

text: formation

text: Defining

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: formation

text: and

text: tactics

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: prerogative

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: manager

question: What is the only position specified by the Laws of the Game

answer: goalkeeper

text: goalkeeper

question: The focus of strikers and forwards are to do what?

answer: score goals

text: score goals

question: Who's job is to prevent the opponents from scoring?

answer: defenders

text: defenders

question: A team players layout is a what?

answer: formation

text: formation

question: Who's the most responsible for the teams tactics?

answer: team's manager

text: team's manager

question: What is the only position not specified by the Laws of the Game?

text: goalkeeper

question: What do strikers and forwards try to avoid doing?

text: score goals

question: Who's job is to prevent their team from scoring?

text: defenders

question: What is a layout for team players never called?

text: formation

question: Who is the least responsible for the teams tactics?

text: team's manager


text: By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.

title: Houston

title: Houston

text: By

text: Houston

text: had

text: emerged

text: as

text: a

text: commercial

text: and

text: railroad

text: hub

text: for

text: the

text: export

text: of

text: cotton

text: Railroad

text: spurs

text: from

text: the

text: Texas

text: inland

text: converged

text: in

text: Houston

text: where

text: they

text: met

text: rail

text: lines

text: to

text: the

text: ports

text: of

text: Galveston

text: and

text: Beaumont

text: During

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: Houston

text: served

text: as

text: a

text: headquarters

text: for

text: General

text: John

text: Bankhead

text: Magruder

text: who

text: used

text: the

text: city

text: as

text: an

text: organization

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Galveston

text: After

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: Houston

text: businessmen

text: initiated

text: efforts

text: to

text: widen

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: extensive

text: system

text: of

text: bayous

text: so

text: the

text: city

text: could

text: accept

text: more

text: commerce

text: between

text: downtown

text: and

text: the

text: nearby

text: port

text: of

text: Galveston

text: By

text: Houston

text: was

text: the

text: railroad

text: center

text: of

text: Texas

question: What commodity was Houston known for in 1860?

answer: cotton

text: cotton

question: What type of roads converged in Houston?

answer: rail lines

text: rail lines

question: Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters?

answer: General John Bankhead Magruder

text: General John Bankhead Magruder

question: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ?

answer: Battle of Galveston

text: Battle of Galveston

question: What was Houston known for by 1890?

answer: railroad center of Texas

text: railroad center of Texas

question: What commodity was Houston not known for in 1860?

text: cotton

question: What type of roads didn't converge in Houston?

text: rail lines

question: Which WWII general used Houston as a headquarters?

text: General John Bankhead Magruder

question: For what war was Houston used as an organization point ?

text: Civil War

question: What was Houston known for by 1810?

text: railroad hub


text: Task Manager has been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters, grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background processes and Windows processes), friendly names for processes and a new option which allows users to search the web to find information about obscure processes. Additionally, the Blue Screen of Death has been updated with a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed.

title: Windows_8

title: Windows_8

text: Task

text: Manager

text: has

text: been

text: redesigned

text: including

text: a

text: new

text: processes

text: tab

text: with

text: the

text: option

text: to

text: display

text: fewer

text: or

text: more

text: details

text: of

text: running

text: applications

text: and

text: background

text: processes

text: a

text: heat

text: map

text: using

text: different

text: colors

text: indicating

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: resource

text: usage

text: network

text: and

text: disk

text: counters

text: grouping

text: by

text: process

text: type

text: e.g.

text: applications

text: background

text: processes

text: and

text: Windows

text: processes

text: friendly

text: names

text: for

text: processes

text: and

text: a

text: new

text: option

text: which

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: search

text: the

text: web

text: to

text: find

text: information

text: about

text: obscure

text: processes

text: Additionally

text: the

text: Blue

text: Screen

text: of

text: Death

text: has

text: been

text: updated

text: with

text: a

text: simpler

text: and

text: modern

text: design

text: with

text: less

text: technical

text: information

text: displayed

question: What is the point of using different colors on a heat map?

answer: indicating the level of resource usage

text: indicating the level of resource usage

question: What changes were made to the BSoD?

answer: a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed

text: a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed

question: What are some of the process type groups Windows 8 implemented?

answer: applications, background processes and Windows processes

text: applications, background processes and Windows processes

question: How can users find out more about obscure Windows 8 processes?

answer: search the web

text: search the web

question: What is the point of using same colors on a heat map?

text: indicating the level of resource usage

question: What is the point of using different colors on a cool map?

text: indicating the level of resource usage

question: What changes were made to the BSoB?

question: What are some of the process type groups Windows 9 implemented?

question: How can users find out more about obscure Windows 9 processes?

text: search the web


text: At times a character may "turn", altering their face/heel alignment. This may be an abrupt, surprising event, or it may slowly build up over time. It almost always is accomplished with a markable change in behavior on the part of the character. Some turns become defining points in a wrestler's career, as was the case when Hulk Hogan turned heel after being a top face for over a decade. Others may have no noticeable effect on the character's status. If a character repeatedly switches between being a face and heel, this lessens the effect of such turns, and may result in apathy from the audience. Vince McMahon is a good example of having more heel and face turns than anyone in WWE history.

title: Professional_wrestling

title: Professional_wrestling

text: At

text: times

text: a

text: character

text: may

text: turn

text: altering

text: their

text: face

text: heel

text: alignment

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: abrupt

text: surprising

text: event

text: or

text: it

text: may

text: slowly

text: build

text: up

text: over

text: time

text: It

text: almost

text: always

text: is

text: accomplished

text: with

text: a

text: markable

text: change

text: in

text: behavior

text: on

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: Some

text: turns

text: become

text: defining

text: points

text: in

text: a

text: wrestler

text: 's

text: career

text: as

text: was

text: the

text: case

text: when

text: Hulk

text: Hogan

text: turned

text: heel

text: after

text: being

text: a

text: top

text: face

text: for

text: over

text: a

text: decade

text: Others

text: may

text: have

text: no

text: noticeable

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: character

text: 's

text: status

text: If

text: a

text: character

text: repeatedly

text: switches

text: between

text: being

text: a

text: face

text: and

text: heel

text: this

text: lessens

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: such

text: turns

text: and

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: apathy

text: from

text: the

text: audience

text: Vince

text: McMahon

text: is

text: a

text: good

text: example

text: of

text: having

text: more

text: heel

text: and

text: face

text: turns

text: than

text: anyone

text: in

text: WWE

text: history

question: What might a character do with their persona?

answer: turn

text: turn

question: What did Hulk Hogan become?

answer: heel

text: heel

question: Who has the most turns in the WWE?

answer: Vince McMahon

text: Vince McMahon


text: The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age". During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks. The Queen's visit to Australia in October 2011 – her sixteenth visit since 1954 – was called her "farewell tour" in the press because of her age.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: The

text: Queen

text: addressed

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: for

text: a

text: second

text: time

text: in

text: again

text: in

text: her

text: capacity

text: as

text: Queen

text: of

text: all

text: Commonwealth

text: realms

text: and

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: The

text: UN

text: Secretary

text: General

text: Ban

text: Ki

text: moon

text: introduced

text: her

text: as

text: an

text: anchor

text: for

text: our

text: age

text: During

text: her

text: visit

text: to

text: New

text: York

text: which

text: followed

text: a

text: tour

text: of

text: Canada

text: she

text: officially

text: opened

text: a

text: memorial

text: garden

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: victims

text: of

text: the

text: September

text: attacks

text: The

text: Queen

text: 's

text: visit

text: to

text: Australia

text: in

text: October

text: her

text: sixteenth

text: visit

text: since

text: was

text: called

text: her

text: farewell

text: tour

text: in

text: the

text: press

text: because

text: of

text: her

text: age

question: When was the second address to the UN by Elizabeth?

answer: 2010

question: Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?

answer: Ban Ki-moon

text: Ban Ki-moon

question: As what did Ban Ki-Moon introduce Elizabeth to the UN?

answer: "an anchor for our age"

text: "an anchor for our age"

question: For whom was the garden Elizabeth opened a memorial?

answer: British victims

text: British victims

question: When was Elizabeth's farewell visit to Australia?

answer: October 2011

text: October 2011

question: In what year did the Queen first address the United Nations?

question: In what year did Ban Ki-moon become the UN Secretary General?

question: In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?

question: How many British people died in the 9-11 attack?

question: How many times has the Queen toured Canada?


text: A look at rocks exposed in today's Appalachian mountains reveals elongated belts of folded and thrust faulted marine sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks and slivers of ancient ocean floor, which provides strong evidence that these rocks were deformed during plate collision. The birth of the Appalachian ranges, some 480 Ma, marks the first of several mountain-building plate collisions that culminated in the construction of the supercontinent Pangaea with the Appalachians near the center. Because North America and Africa were connected, the Appalachians formed part of the same mountain chain as the Little Atlas in Morocco. This mountain range, known as the Central Pangean Mountains, extended into Scotland, from the North America/Europe collision (See Caledonian orogeny).

title: Appalachian_Mountains

title: Appalachian_Mountains

text: A

text: look

text: at

text: rocks

text: exposed

text: in

text: today

text: 's

text: Appalachian

text: mountains

text: reveals

text: elongated

text: belts

text: of

text: folded

text: and

text: thrust

text: faulted

text: marine

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: volcanic

text: rocks

text: and

text: slivers

text: of

text: ancient

text: ocean

text: floor

text: which

text: provides

text: strong

text: evidence

text: that

text: these

text: rocks

text: were

text: deformed

text: during

text: plate

text: collision

text: The

text: birth

text: of

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: ranges

text: some

text: Ma

text: marks

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: several

text: mountain

text: building

text: plate

text: collisions

text: that

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Pangaea

text: with

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: near

text: the

text: center

text: Because

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Africa

text: were

text: connected

text: the

text: Appalachians

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: mountain

text: chain

text: as

text: the

text: Little

text: Atlas

text: in

text: Morocco

text: This

text: mountain

text: range

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Central

text: Pangean

text: Mountains

text: extended

text: into

text: Scotland

text: from

text: the

text: North

text: America

text: Europe

text: collision

text: See

text: Caledonian

text: orogeny

question: What types of rocks were unharmed during plate collision?

question: When was Pangaea?

text: 480 Ma

question: What is another name for the Appalachians?

text: Central Pangean Mountains

question: What is the name of the mountain range now located in Scotland?

text: Little Atlas

question: What country were the Appalachians originally located in?

text: Morocco


text: The code itself was patterned so that most control codes were together, and all graphic codes were together, for ease of identification. The first two columns (32 positions) were reserved for control characters.:220, 236 § 8,9) The "space" character had to come before graphics to make sorting easier, so it became position 20hex;:237 § 10 for the same reason, many special signs commonly used as separators were placed before digits. The committee decided it was important to support uppercase 64-character alphabets, and chose to pattern ASCII so it could be reduced easily to a usable 64-character set of graphic codes,:228, 237 § 14 as was done in the DEC SIXBIT code. Lowercase letters were therefore not interleaved with uppercase. To keep options available for lowercase letters and other graphics, the special and numeric codes were arranged before the letters, and the letter A was placed in position 41hex to match the draft of the corresponding British standard.:238 § 18 The digits 0–9 were arranged so they correspond to values in binary prefixed with 011, making conversion with binary-coded decimal straightforward.

title: ASCII

title: ASCII

text: The

text: code

text: itself

text: was

text: patterned

text: so

text: that

text: most

text: control

text: codes

text: were

text: together

text: and

text: all

text: graphic

text: codes

text: were

text: together

text: for

text: ease

text: of

text: identification

text: The

text: first

text: two

text: columns

text: positions

text: were

text: reserved

text: for

text: control

text: The

text: space

text: character

text: had

text: to

text: come

text: before

text: graphics

text: to

text: make

text: sorting

text: easier

text: so

text: it

text: became

text: position

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: reason

text: many

text: special

text: signs

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: separators

text: were

text: placed

text: before

text: digits

text: The

text: committee

text: decided

text: it

text: was

text: important

text: to

text: support

text: uppercase

text: alphabets

text: and

text: chose

text: to

text: pattern

text: ASCII

text: so

text: it

text: could

text: be

text: reduced

text: easily

text: to

text: a

text: usable

text: set

text: of

text: graphic

text: as

text: was

text: done

text: in

text: the

text: DEC

text: SIXBIT

text: code

text: Lowercase

text: letters

text: were

text: therefore

text: not

text: interleaved

text: with

text: uppercase

text: To

text: keep

text: options

text: available

text: for

text: lowercase

text: letters

text: and

text: other

text: graphics

text: the

text: special

text: and

text: numeric

text: codes

text: were

text: arranged

text: before

text: the

text: letters

text: and

text: the

text: letter

text: A

text: was

text: placed

text: in

text: position

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: draft

text: of

text: the

text: corresponding

text: British

text: The

text: digits

text: were

text: arranged

text: so

text: they

text: correspond

text: to

text: values

text: in

text: binary

text: prefixed

text: with

text: making

text: conversion

text: with

text: binary

text: coded

text: decimal

text: straightforward

question: Why was the code patterned so that most codes were together?

answer: for ease of identification

text: for ease of identification

question: How many positions are in the first two columns?

answer: 32 positions

text: 32 positions

question: What did the committee decide was important?

answer: to support uppercase 64-character alphabets

text: to support uppercase 64-character alphabets

question: Where was the letter A places in position?

answer: 41hex

question: Why were the lowercase letters patterned so that most codes were together?

text: for ease of identification

question: How many positions are are in the first numeric codes?

text: 32 positions

question: What did the committee decide would help with special signs?

question: Where were the letters DEC in position?

question: Why were numeric codes converted to graphic codes?


text: Synthetic crude oil, also known as syncrude, is the output from a bitumen upgrader facility used in connection with oil sand production in Canada. Bituminous sands are mined using enormous (100 ton capacity) power shovels and loaded into even larger (400 ton capacity) dump trucks for movement to an upgrading facility. The process used to extract the bitumen from the sand is a hot water process originally developed by Dr. Karl Clark of the University of Alberta during the 1920s. After extraction from the sand, the bitumen is fed into a bitumen upgrader which converts it into a light crude oil equivalent. This synthetic substance is fluid enough to be transferred through conventional oil pipelines and can be fed into conventional oil refineries without any further treatment. By 2015 Canadian bitumen upgraders were producing over 1 million barrels (160×10^3 m3) per day of synthetic crude oil, of which 75% was exported to oil refineries in the United States.

title: Asphalt

title: Asphalt

text: Synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: syncrude

text: is

text: the

text: output

text: from

text: a

text: bitumen

text: upgrader

text: facility

text: used

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: oil

text: sand

text: production

text: in

text: Canada

text: Bituminous

text: sands

text: are

text: mined

text: using

text: enormous

text: ton

text: capacity

text: power

text: shovels

text: and

text: loaded

text: into

text: even

text: larger

text: ton

text: capacity

text: dump

text: trucks

text: for

text: movement

text: to

text: an

text: upgrading

text: facility

text: The

text: process

text: used

text: to

text: extract

text: the

text: bitumen

text: from

text: the

text: sand

text: is

text: a

text: hot

text: water

text: process

text: originally

text: developed

text: by

text: Dr.

text: Karl

text: Clark

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Alberta

text: during

text: the

text: After

text: extraction

text: from

text: the

text: sand

text: the

text: bitumen

text: is

text: fed

text: into

text: a

text: bitumen

text: upgrader

text: which

text: converts

text: it

text: into

text: a

text: light

text: crude

text: oil

text: equivalent

text: This

text: synthetic

text: substance

text: is

text: fluid

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: transferred

text: through

text: conventional

text: oil

text: pipelines

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: fed

text: into

text: conventional

text: oil

text: refineries

text: without

text: any

text: further

text: treatment

text: By

text: Canadian

text: bitumen

text: upgraders

text: were

text: producing

text: over

text: million

text: barrels

text: per

text: day

text: of

text: synthetic

text: crude

text: oil

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: exported

text: to

text: oil

text: refineries

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: What is synthetic crude oil usually called?

answer: syncrude

text: syncrude

question: Where is the mined bitumen taken for refining?

answer: upgrading facility

text: upgrading facility

question: Who invented the process for removing bitumen from sands?

answer: Dr. Karl Clark

text: Dr. Karl Clark

question: Un what decade did Clark develop the hot water removal process?

answer: 1920s

question: How many barrels of crude were upgraders making per day by 2015?

answer: 1 million barrels

text: 1 million barrels

question: What is also known as synClark oil?

text: Synthetic crude oil

question: What type of oil is also known as suncryde?

text: Synthetic crude oil

question: A cold water process is used to extract what from sand?

text: bitumen

question: A cold water process is used when extracting bitumen from what?

text: sand

question: What process did Dr. Karl Clark develop at the University of Canada in 1935?


text: Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981. The population density is 1.4 persons per hectare, which can be compared to 2.07 persons per hectare for the South West region. Within the county, population density ranges 0.5 in West Somerset to 2.2 persons per hectare in Taunton Deane. The percentage of the population who are economically active is higher than the regional and national average, and the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.

title: Somerset

title: Somerset

text: Population

text: growth

text: is

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: national

text: average

text: with

text: a

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: Somerset

text: County

text: Council

text: area

text: since

text: and

text: a

text: increase

text: since

text: The

text: population

text: density

text: is

text: persons

text: per

text: hectare

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: compared

text: to

text: persons

text: per

text: hectare

text: for

text: the

text: South

text: West

text: region

text: Within

text: the

text: county

text: population

text: density

text: ranges

text: in

text: West

text: Somerset

text: to

text: persons

text: per

text: hectare

text: in

text: Taunton

text: Deane

text: The

text: percentage

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: who

text: are

text: economically

text: active

text: is

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: regional

text: and

text: national

text: average

text: and

text: the

text: unemployment

text: rate

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: regional

text: and

text: national

text: average

question: What is the population growth rate of Somerset county

answer: Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981

text: Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981

question: The unemployment rate of the county

answer: the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.

text: the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.

question: What percentage of the population is economically active

answer: is higher than the regional and national average

text: is higher than the regional and national average

question: What is the average national population growth since 1991?

question: How much has the UK population grown since 1981?

question: What is the national UK unemployment rate?

question: What is the average people per hectare in the UK?

question: What is the people per hectare in the least populated county in the UK?


text: After having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia; under Pompey, a large fleet was raised in the Mediterranean Sea to clear the sea of Cilician pirates. During the civil war that followed, as many as a thousand ships were either constructed or pressed into service from Greek cities.

title: Roman_Republic

title: Roman_Republic

text: After

text: having

text: declined

text: in

text: size

text: following

text: the

text: subjugation

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: the

text: Roman

text: navy

text: underwent

text: short

text: term

text: upgrading

text: and

text: revitalisation

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Republic

text: to

text: meet

text: several

text: new

text: demands

text: Under

text: Caesar

text: an

text: invasion

text: fleet

text: was

text: assembled

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Britannia

text: under

text: Pompey

text: a

text: large

text: fleet

text: was

text: raised

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: clear

text: the

text: sea

text: of

text: Cilician

text: pirates

text: During

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: that

text: followed

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: a

text: thousand

text: ships

text: were

text: either

text: constructed

text: or

text: pressed

text: into

text: service

text: from

text: Greek

text: cities

question: In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates?

answer: Mediterranean Sea

text: Mediterranean Sea

question: Around how many ships were sent into service from Greek cities?

answer: as many as a thousand ships

text: as many as a thousand ships

question: Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to the English Channel?

answer: Caesar

text: Caesar

question: What was the driving force behind the revitalization of the Roman naval forces?

answer: to meet several new demands

text: to meet several new demands

question: What aspect of the Roman military saw a decline in size after the subjugation of the Mediterranean?

answer: Roman navy

text: Roman navy


text: Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church; Theosophy; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism, which believes in panentheism; Sikhism; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism, along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations. Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God—which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism, particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov—but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.[citation needed]

title: God

title: God

text: Pantheism

text: holds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: the

text: universe

text: and

text: the

text: universe

text: is

text: God

text: whereas

text: Panentheism

text: holds

text: that

text: God

text: contains

text: but

text: is

text: not

text: identical

text: to

text: the

text: Universe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: Theosophy

text: some

text: views

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: except

text: Vaishnavism

text: which

text: believes

text: in

text: panentheism

text: Sikhism

text: some

text: divisions

text: of

text: Neopaganism

text: and

text: Taoism

text: along

text: with

text: many

text: varying

text: denominations

text: and

text: individuals

text: within

text: denominations

text: Kabbalah

text: Jewish

text: mysticism

text: paints

text: a

text: pantheistic

text: panentheistic

text: view

text: of

text: God

text: which

text: has

text: wide

text: acceptance

text: in

text: Hasidic

text: Judaism

text: particularly

text: from

text: their

text: founder

text: The

text: Baal

text: Shem

text: Tov

text: but

text: only

text: as

text: an

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: Jewish

text: view

text: of

text: a

text: personal

text: god

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: pantheistic

text: sense

text: that

text: denies

text: or

text: limits

text: persona

text: to

text: God.[citation

text: needed

question: What is Pantheism?

answer: God is the universe and the universe is God

text: God is the universe and the universe is God

question: WHat is Panentheism?

answer: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe

text: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe

question: WHat is Kabbalah?

answer: Jewish mysticism

text: Jewish mysticism

question: Who is the founder of Hasidic Judaism?

answer: The Baal Shem Tov

text: The Baal Shem Tov

question: Who was the founder of Hasidic Judaism?

answer: The Baal Shem Tov

text: The Baal Shem Tov

question: What is Panentheism?

answer: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe

text: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe

question: What from of Hinduism does not believe in panentheism?

answer: Vaishnavism

text: Vaishnavism

question: What is another name for Jewish mysticism?

answer: Kabbalah

text: Kabbalah

question: What is pantheism?

answer: God is the universe

text: God is the universe

question: In Panentheism what is God identical to?

text: the Universe.

question: What does Baal Shem Tov believe if God is the universe?

text: the universe is God

question: Who is the founder of the Liberal Catholic Church?

text: The Baal Shem Tov

question: What group does Vaishnavism have acceptance in as part of Jewish mysticism?

text: Hasidic Judaism

question: What is another name for Vaishnavism?

text: Jewish mysticism


text: Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subsequently given along with other women to the invading Spaniards, she became instrumental in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, adviser, intermediary and lover to Hernán Cortés.

title: Translation

title: Translation

text: Interpreters

text: have

text: sometimes

text: played

text: crucial

text: roles

text: in

text: history

text: A

text: prime

text: example

text: is

text: La

text: Malinche

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Malintzin

text: Malinalli

text: and

text: Doña

text: Marina

text: an

text: century

text: Nahua

text: woman

text: from

text: the

text: Mexican

text: Gulf

text: Coast

text: As

text: a

text: child

text: she

text: had

text: been

text: sold

text: or

text: given

text: to

text: Maya

text: slave

text: traders

text: from

text: Xicalango

text: and

text: thus

text: had

text: become

text: bilingual

text: Subsequently

text: given

text: along

text: with

text: other

text: women

text: to

text: the

text: invading

text: Spaniards

text: she

text: became

text: instrumental

text: in

text: the

text: Spanish

text: conquest

text: of

text: Mexico

text: acting

text: as

text: interpreter

text: adviser

text: intermediary

text: and

text: lover

text: to

text: Hernán

text: Cortés

question: What roles have interpreters occasionally played in history?

answer: crucial

text: crucial

question: What region did La Malinche hail from?

answer: Mexican Gulf Coast

text: Mexican Gulf Coast

question: Where were the slave-traders La Malinche was sold or given to from?

answer: Xicalango

text: Xicalango

question: What was La Malinche essential to?

answer: Spanish conquest of Mexico

text: Spanish conquest of Mexico

question: In addition to being an interpreter and adviser, what function did La Malinche serve for Hernán Cortés?

answer: lover

text: lover

question: What roles have interpreters occasionally lied about in history?

text: crucial

question: What region did La Malinche refuse to visit?

text: Mexican Gulf Coast

question: Where were the slave-traders La Malinche stole?

text: Xicalango

question: What was La Malinche not involved with?

text: Spanish conquest of Mexico


text: Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year. Both ports are located on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world.

title: Oklahoma

title: Oklahoma

text: Two

text: inland

text: ports

text: on

text: rivers

text: serve

text: Oklahoma

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Muskogee

text: and

text: the

text: Tulsa

text: Port

text: of

text: Catoosa

text: The

text: only

text: port

text: handling

text: international

text: cargo

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: the

text: Tulsa

text: Port

text: of

text: Catoosa

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: inland

text: ocean

text: going

text: port

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: and

text: ships

text: over

text: two

text: million

text: tons

text: of

text: cargo

text: each

text: year

text: Both

text: ports

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: McClellan

text: Kerr

text: Arkansas

text: River

text: Navigation

text: System

text: which

text: connects

text: barge

text: traffic

text: from

text: Tulsa

text: and

text: Muskogee

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: via

text: the

text: Verdigris

text: and

text: Arkansas

text: rivers

text: contributing

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: busiest

text: waterways

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: How many ports does Oklahoma have?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: Which port in Oklahoma handles international cargo?

answer: Tulsa Port of Catoosa

text: Tulsa Port of Catoosa

question: Where is the furthest-inland oceangoing port in the US?

answer: Tulsa

text: Tulsa

question: How many tons of cargo does the Tulsa Port of Catoosa ship annually?

answer: over two million

text: over two million

question: What connects the two Oklahoma ports?

answer: the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System

text: the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System


text: In May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad advocating reforms and an anti-alcohol campaign to tackle widespread alcoholism. Prices on vodka, wine, and beer were raised in order to make these drinks more expensive and a disincentive to consumers, and the introduction of rationing. Unlike most forms of rationing intended to conserve scarce goods, this was done to restrict sales with the overt goal of curtailing drunkenness. Gorbachev's plan also included billboards promoting sobriety, increased penalties for public drunkenness, and to censor drinking scenes from old movies. Although this program was not a direct copycat of Tsar Nicholas II's outright prohibition during World War I, Gorbachev faced the same adverse economic reaction as did the last Tsar. The disincentivization of alcohol consumption was a serious blow to the state budget according to Alexander Yakovlev, who noted annual collections of alcohol taxes decreased by 100 billion rubles. Alcohol production migrated to the black market, or through moonshining as some made "bathtub vodka" with homegrown potatoes. Poorer, less educated Russians resorted to drinking unhealthy substitutes such as nail polish, rubbing alcohol or men's cologne, which only served to be an additional burden on Russia's healthcare sector due to the subsequent poisoning cases. The purpose of these reforms, however, was to prop up the existing centrally planned economy, unlike later reforms, which tended toward market socialism.

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union

text: In

text: May

text: Gorbachev

text: delivered

text: a

text: speech

text: in

text: Leningrad

text: advocating

text: reforms

text: and

text: an

text: anti

text: alcohol

text: campaign

text: to

text: tackle

text: widespread

text: alcoholism

text: Prices

text: on

text: vodka

text: wine

text: and

text: beer

text: were

text: raised

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: make

text: these

text: drinks

text: more

text: expensive

text: and

text: a

text: disincentive

text: to

text: consumers

text: and

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: rationing

text: Unlike

text: most

text: forms

text: of

text: rationing

text: intended

text: to

text: conserve

text: scarce

text: goods

text: this

text: was

text: done

text: to

text: restrict

text: sales

text: with

text: the

text: overt

text: goal

text: of

text: curtailing

text: drunkenness

text: Gorbachev

text: 's

text: plan

text: also

text: included

text: billboards

text: promoting

text: sobriety

text: increased

text: penalties

text: for

text: public

text: drunkenness

text: and

text: to

text: censor

text: drinking

text: scenes

text: from

text: old

text: movies

text: Although

text: this

text: program

text: was

text: not

text: a

text: direct

text: copycat

text: of

text: Tsar

text: Nicholas

text: II

text: 's

text: outright

text: prohibition

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: I

text: Gorbachev

text: faced

text: the

text: same

text: adverse

text: economic

text: reaction

text: as

text: did

text: the

text: last

text: Tsar

text: The

text: disincentivization

text: of

text: alcohol

text: consumption

text: was

text: a

text: serious

text: blow

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: budget

text: according

text: to

text: Alexander

text: Yakovlev

text: who

text: noted

text: annual

text: collections

text: of

text: alcohol

text: taxes

text: decreased

text: by

text: billion

text: rubles

text: Alcohol

text: production

text: migrated

text: to

text: the

text: black

text: market

text: or

text: through

text: moonshining

text: as

text: some

text: made

text: bathtub

text: vodka

text: with

text: homegrown

text: potatoes

text: Poorer

text: less

text: educated

text: Russians

text: resorted

text: to

text: drinking

text: unhealthy

text: substitutes

text: such

text: as

text: nail

text: polish

text: rubbing

text: alcohol

text: or

text: men

text: 's

text: cologne

text: which

text: only

text: served

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: additional

text: burden

text: on

text: Russia

text: 's

text: healthcare

text: sector

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: subsequent

text: poisoning

text: cases

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: these

text: reforms

text: however

text: was

text: to

text: prop

text: up

text: the

text: existing

text: centrally

text: planned

text: economy

text: unlike

text: later

text: reforms

text: which

text: tended

text: toward

text: market

text: socialism

question: When was Gorbachev's speech addressing alcohol abuse?

answer: May 1985

text: May 1985

question: Other than increasing pricing what was another measure that was introduced to decrease alcohol consumption?

answer: rationing

text: rationing

question: What was censored?

answer: drinking scenes from old movies

text: drinking scenes from old movies

question: Whose anti-alcohol program did Gorbachev's remind people of?

answer: Tsar Nicholas II

text: Tsar Nicholas II

question: When did Tsar Nicholas II ban alcohol?

answer: during World War I,

text: during World War I,


text: Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produce" and "construct" scientific knowledge. Since the 1960s, a common trend in science studies (the study of the sociology and history of science) has been to emphasize the "human component" of scientific knowledge, and to de-emphasize the view that scientific data are self-evident, value-free, and context-free. The field of Science and Technology Studies, an area that overlaps and often informs historical studies of science, focuses on the social context of science in both contemporary and historical periods.

title: History_of_science

title: History_of_science

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: science

text: has

text: been

text: devoted

text: to

text: answering

text: questions

text: about

text: what

text: science

text: is

text: how

text: it

text: functions

text: and

text: whether

text: it

text: exhibits

text: large

text: scale

text: patterns

text: and

text: trends

text: The

text: sociology

text: of

text: science

text: in

text: particular

text: has

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: scientists

text: work

text: looking

text: closely

text: at

text: the

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: produce

text: and

text: construct

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: Since

text: the

text: a

text: common

text: trend

text: in

text: science

text: studies

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: sociology

text: and

text: history

text: of

text: science

text: has

text: been

text: to

text: emphasize

text: the

text: human

text: component

text: of

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: and

text: to

text: de

text: emphasize

text: the

text: view

text: that

text: scientific

text: data

text: are

text: self

text: evident

text: value

text: free

text: and

text: context

text: free

text: The

text: field

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: Studies

text: an

text: area

text: that

text: overlaps

text: and

text: often

text: informs

text: historical

text: studies

text: of

text: science

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: social

text: context

text: of

text: science

text: in

text: both

text: contemporary

text: and

text: historical

text: periods

question: What is the large question that the history of science answers?

answer: what science is

text: what science is

question: What did sociology in science explain?

answer: the ways in which scientists work

text: the ways in which scientists work

question: What was the most popular method in the 1960s regarding science studies?

answer: to emphasize the "human component" of scientific knowledge

text: to emphasize the "human component" of scientific knowledge


text: On 7 January 2009, The Sun ran an exclusive front page story claiming that participants in a discussion on Ummah.com, a British Muslim internet forum, had made a "hate hit list" of British Jews to be targeted by extremists over the Gaza War. It was claimed that "Those listed [on the forum] should treat it very seriously. Expect a hate campaign and intimidation by 20 or 30 thugs." The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym "Abuislam", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'. The story has since been removed from The Sun's website following complaints to the UK's Press Complaints Commission.

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom

text: On

text: January

text: The

text: Sun

text: ran

text: an

text: exclusive

text: front

text: page

text: story

text: claiming

text: that

text: participants

text: in

text: a

text: discussion

text: on

text: Ummah.com

text: a

text: British

text: Muslim

text: internet

text: forum

text: had

text: made

text: a

text: hate

text: hit

text: list

text: of

text: British

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: by

text: extremists

text: over

text: the

text: Gaza

text: War

text: It

text: was

text: claimed

text: that

text: Those

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: forum

text: should

text: treat

text: it

text: very

text: seriously

text: Expect

text: a

text: hate

text: campaign

text: and

text: intimidation

text: by

text: or

text: thugs

text: The

text: UK

text: magazine

text: Private

text: Eye

text: claimed

text: that

text: Glen

text: Jenvey

text: a

text: man

text: quoted

text: by

text: The

text: Sun

text: as

text: a

text: terrorism

text: expert

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: posting

text: to

text: the

text: forum

text: under

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: Abuislam

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: forum

text: member

text: promoting

text: a

text: hate

text: campaign

text: while

text: other

text: members

text: promoted

text: peaceful

text: advocacy

text: such

text: as

text: writing

text: polite

text: letters

text: The

text: story

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: removed

text: from

text: The

text: Sun

text: 's

text: website

text: following

text: complaints

text: to

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: Press

text: Complaints

text: Commission

question: What type of forum was the subject of a January 2009 front page story in The Sun?

answer: a British Muslim internet forum

text: a British Muslim internet forum

question: Who was said to be targeted in The Sun's front page story?

answer: a "hate hit list" of British Jews

text: a "hate hit list" of British Jews

question: What magazine refuted the claims made by The Sun in its article about the forum?

answer: Private Eye

text: Private Eye

question: According to Private Eye who was the only forum member expressing wishes for a hate campaign?

answer: Glen Jenvey

text: Glen Jenvey

question: Complaints to which body led to The Sun removing the story from its website?

answer: UK's Press Complaints Commission

text: UK's Press Complaints Commission