text: While Paris has some of the richest neighbourhoods in France, it also has some of the poorest, mostly on the eastern side of the city. In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line. Twenty-five percent of residents in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line; 24 percent in the 18th, 22 percent in the 20th and 18 percent in the 10th. In the city's wealthiest neighbourhood, the 7th arrondissement, 7 percent lived below the poverty line; 8 percent in the 6th arrondissement; and 9 percent in the 16th arrondissement.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: While

text: Paris

text: has

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: richest

text: neighbourhoods

text: in

text: France

text: it

text: also

text: has

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: poorest

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: In

text: percent

text: of

text: households

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: earned

text: less

text: than

text: per

text: month

text: the

text: official

text: poverty

text: line

text: Twenty

text: five

text: percent

text: of

text: residents

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: lived

text: below

text: the

text: poverty

text: line

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: wealthiest

text: neighbourhood

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: percent

text: lived

text: below

text: the

text: poverty

text: line

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: and

text: percent

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

question: What percentage of households earned less than 977 per month?

answer: 14

question: WHat percentage of people in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line?

answer: Twenty-five

text: Twenty-five

question: What percentage of people lived below the poverty line in Paris' wealthiest neighborhood?

answer: 7


text: The difficult question is whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent through strict adherence to the rule of stare decisis. This is where the act of deciding a case becomes a limited form of lawmaking in itself, in that an appellate court's rulings will thereby bind itself and lower courts in future cases (and therefore also impliedly binds all persons within the court's jurisdiction). Prior to a major change to federal court rules in 2007, about one-fifth of federal appellate cases were published and thereby became binding precedents, while the rest were unpublished and bound only the parties to each case.

title: Law_of_the_United_States

title: Law_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: difficult

text: question

text: is

text: whether

text: federal

text: judicial

text: power

text: extends

text: to

text: formulating

text: binding

text: precedent

text: through

text: strict

text: adherence

text: to

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: stare

text: decisis

text: This

text: is

text: where

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: deciding

text: a

text: case

text: becomes

text: a

text: limited

text: form

text: of

text: lawmaking

text: in

text: itself

text: in

text: that

text: an

text: appellate

text: court

text: 's

text: rulings

text: will

text: thereby

text: bind

text: itself

text: and

text: lower

text: courts

text: in

text: future

text: cases

text: and

text: therefore

text: also

text: impliedly

text: binds

text: all

text: persons

text: within

text: the

text: court

text: 's

text: jurisdiction

text: Prior

text: to

text: a

text: major

text: change

text: to

text: federal

text: court

text: rules

text: in

text: about

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: federal

text: appellate

text: cases

text: were

text: published

text: and

text: thereby

text: became

text: binding

text: precedents

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: were

text: unpublished

text: and

text: bound

text: only

text: the

text: parties

text: to

text: each

text: case

question: What is used to determine whether federal judicial power extends to formulating binding precedent?

answer: stare decisis

text: stare decisis

question: What is stare decisis?

answer: the act of deciding a case becomes a limited form of lawmaking in itself

text: the act of deciding a case becomes a limited form of lawmaking in itself

question: Why is stare decisis a limited form of lawmaking?

answer: an appellate court's rulings will thereby bind itself and lower courts in future cases

text: an appellate court's rulings will thereby bind itself and lower courts in future cases

question: Who else does stare decisis affect?

answer: impliedly binds all persons within the court's jurisdiction

text: impliedly binds all persons within the court's jurisdiction

question: Formulating judicial power is done by following what rule?

text: stare decisis

question: What fraction of federal appellate cases were published in 2007?

text: one-fifth

question: When did federal appellate cases begin to be published?

question: What do decisions made by lower courts bind?

text: an appellate court's rulings

question: Who are unaffected by stare decisis?


text: The first streetcars appeared in 1889 and were instrumental in the creation of a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of their lines. The advent of the automobile sounded the death knell for rail in Seattle. Tacoma–Seattle railway service ended in 1929 and the Everett–Seattle service came to an end in 1939, replaced by inexpensive automobiles running on the recently developed highway system. Rails on city streets were paved over or removed, and the opening of the Seattle trolleybus system brought the end of streetcars in Seattle in 1941. This left an extensive network of privately owned buses (later public) as the only mass transit within the city and throughout the region.

title: Seattle

title: Seattle

text: The

text: first

text: streetcars

text: appeared

text: in

text: and

text: were

text: instrumental

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: a

text: relatively

text: well

text: defined

text: downtown

text: and

text: strong

text: neighborhoods

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: their

text: lines

text: The

text: advent

text: of

text: the

text: automobile

text: sounded

text: the

text: death

text: knell

text: for

text: rail

text: in

text: Seattle

text: Tacoma

text: Seattle

text: railway

text: service

text: ended

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Everett

text: Seattle

text: service

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: in

text: replaced

text: by

text: inexpensive

text: automobiles

text: running

text: on

text: the

text: recently

text: developed

text: highway

text: system

text: Rails

text: on

text: city

text: streets

text: were

text: paved

text: over

text: or

text: removed

text: and

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: Seattle

text: trolleybus

text: system

text: brought

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: streetcars

text: in

text: Seattle

text: in

text: This

text: left

text: an

text: extensive

text: network

text: of

text: privately

text: owned

text: buses

text: later

text: public

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: mass

text: transit

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: throughout

text: the

text: region

question: In what year were the first streetcars used in Seattle?

answer: 1889

question: What machine caused the end of city rail lines in Seattle?

answer: automobile

text: automobile

question: When did the Tacoma-Seattle rail service end?

answer: 1929

question: In what year did the Everett-Seattle rail lines cease?

answer: 1939

question: The use of what caused the end of the use of streetcars in 1941?

answer: trolleybus

text: trolleybus


text: The practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing, among people with Alzheimer's disease. One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared to those who were not in an animal-assisted program.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: The

text: practice

text: of

text: using

text: dogs

text: and

text: other

text: animals

text: as

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: therapy

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: when

text: animals

text: were

text: introduced

text: into

text: mental

text: institutions

text: to

text: help

text: socialize

text: patients

text: with

text: mental

text: disorders

text: Animal

text: assisted

text: intervention

text: research

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: animal

text: assisted

text: therapy

text: with

text: a

text: dog

text: can

text: increase

text: social

text: behaviors

text: such

text: as

text: smiling

text: and

text: laughing

text: among

text: people

text: with

text: Alzheimer

text: 's

text: disease

text: One

text: study

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: children

text: with

text: ADHD

text: and

text: conduct

text: disorders

text: who

text: participated

text: in

text: an

text: education

text: program

text: with

text: dogs

text: and

text: other

text: animals

text: showed

text: increased

text: attendance

text: increased

text: knowledge

text: and

text: skill

text: objectives

text: and

text: decreased

text: antisocial

text: and

text: violent

text: behavior

text: compared

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: an

text: animal

text: assisted

text: program

question: Dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize?

answer: mental institutions

text: mental institutions

question: Therapy dogs can help increase what in people suffering with Alzheimer's?

answer: social behaviors

text: social behaviors

question: What was decreased in children with ADHD when they were exposed to therapy dogs?

answer: antisocial and violent behavior

text: antisocial and violent behavior

question: When did people start using dogs as therapy?

answer: the late 18th century

text: the late 18th century

question: Where were dogs introduced then to help people socialize people?

answer: mental institutions

text: mental institutions

question: Children who have ADHD or conduct disorders respond better when what is a part of their treatment plan?

answer: dogs

text: dogs

question: People with Alzheimer's smile and laugh more with what kind of therapy?

answer: animal-assisted therapy

text: animal-assisted therapy


text: As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After drying, they plowed, harrowed, and raked the ground three times, and pulverized it with a mattock, before planting seed. Unfortunately the high evaporation rate resulted in a gradual increase in the salinity of the fields. By the Ur III period, farmers had switched from wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley as their principal crop.

title: Sumer

title: Sumer

text: As

text: is

text: known

text: from

text: the

text: Sumerian

text: Farmer

text: 's

text: Almanac

text: after

text: the

text: flood

text: season

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Spring

text: Equinox

text: and

text: the

text: Akitu

text: or

text: New

text: Year

text: Festival

text: using

text: the

text: canals

text: farmers

text: would

text: flood

text: their

text: fields

text: and

text: then

text: drain

text: the

text: water

text: Next

text: they

text: made

text: oxen

text: stomp

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: kill

text: weeds

text: They

text: then

text: dragged

text: the

text: fields

text: with

text: pickaxes

text: After

text: drying

text: they

text: plowed

text: harrowed

text: and

text: raked

text: the

text: ground

text: three

text: times

text: and

text: pulverized

text: it

text: with

text: a

text: mattock

text: before

text: planting

text: seed

text: Unfortunately

text: the

text: high

text: evaporation

text: rate

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: gradual

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: salinity

text: of

text: the

text: fields

text: By

text: the

text: Ur

text: III

text: period

text: farmers

text: had

text: switched

text: from

text: wheat

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: salt

text: tolerant

text: barley

text: as

text: their

text: principal

text: crop

question: How do archaeologists know about Sumerian agricultural practices?

answer: from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac"

text: from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac"

question: When would farmers flood their fields?

answer: after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu

text: after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu

question: Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground?

answer: kill weeds

text: kill weeds

question: How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground?

answer: three times

text: three times

question: The the Ur III period, what crop had Sumerians switched to from wheat for their primary crop?

answer: salt-tolerant barley

text: salt-tolerant barley

question: What people first wrote an Almanac?

text: Sumerian

question: What was the name of the first Almanac?

text: "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac",

question: What did farmers flood just before the new year?

text: their fields

question: When did farmers switch from barley to wheat?

text: By the Ur III period


text: Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of Life (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936).

title: Universal_Studios

title: Universal_Studios

text: Laemmle

text: Jr.

text: created

text: a

text: niche

text: for

text: the

text: studio

text: beginning

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: horror

text: films

text: which

text: extended

text: into

text: the

text: affectionately

text: dubbed

text: Universal

text: Horror

text: Among

text: them

text: are

text: Frankenstein

text: Dracula

text: also

text: in

text: The

text: Mummy

text: and

text: The

text: Invisible

text: Man

text: Other

text: Laemmle

text: productions

text: of

text: this

text: period

text: include

text: Imitation

text: of

text: Life

text: and

text: My

text: Man

text: Godfrey

question: In what year did Universal make a film version of Dracula?

answer: 1931

question: In what year was The Invisible Man made?

answer: 1933

question: What film was produced by Laemmle in 1934?

answer: Imitation of Life

text: Imitation of Life

question: In what year did My Man Godfrey premiere?

answer: 1936

question: When was Universal's version of Frankenstein made?

answer: 1931

question: What began in the 1940s?

text: a series of horror films

question: What year was The Man Godfrey made?

question: What year was My Invisible Man made?

question: What year was The Dracula made?

question: What year was Mummy made?


text: Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America. Reports have shown that minorities and women have faced discrimination in schools and businesses for many years and this discrimination produced unfair advantages for whites and males in education and employment. The impetus toward affirmative action is redressing the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Further impetus is a desire to ensure public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

text: Affirmative

text: action

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: tends

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: education

text: and

text: employment

text: specifically

text: granting

text: special

text: consideration

text: to

text: racial

text: minorities

text: Native

text: Americans

text: and

text: women

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: historically

text: excluded

text: groups

text: in

text: America

text: Reports

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: minorities

text: and

text: women

text: have

text: faced

text: discrimination

text: in

text: schools

text: and

text: businesses

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: and

text: this

text: discrimination

text: produced

text: unfair

text: advantages

text: for

text: whites

text: and

text: males

text: in

text: education

text: and

text: employment

text: The

text: impetus

text: toward

text: affirmative

text: action

text: is

text: redressing

text: the

text: disadvantages

text: associated

text: with

text: past

text: and

text: present

text: discrimination

text: Further

text: impetus

text: is

text: a

text: desire

text: to

text: ensure

text: public

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: universities

text: hospitals

text: and

text: police

text: forces

text: are

text: more

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: populations

text: they

text: serve

question: Outside of employment, what is the other main issue that affirmative action focuses on?

answer: education

text: education

question: Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and women?

answer: racial minorities

text: racial minorities

question: Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in advantages for what group of people?

answer: whites and males

text: whites and males

question: Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?

answer: are more representative of the populations they serve

text: are more representative of the populations they serve

question: Outside of employment, what is the other lesser issue that affirmative action focuses on?

text: education

question: Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and men?

text: racial minorities

question: Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in disadvantages for what group of people?

text: whites and males

question: Affirmative action does attempts to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?


text: Unlike the above antennas, traveling wave antennas are nonresonant so they have inherently broad bandwidth. They are typically wire antennas multiple wavelengths long, through which the voltage and current waves travel in one direction, instead of bouncing back and forth to form standing waves as in resonant antennas. They have linear polarization (except for the helical antenna). Unidirectional traveling wave antennas are terminated by a resistor at one end equal to the antenna's characteristic resistance, to absorb the waves from one direction. This makes them inefficient as transmitting antennas.

title: Antenna_(radio)

title: Antenna_(radio

text: Unlike

text: the

text: above

text: antennas

text: traveling

text: wave

text: antennas

text: are

text: nonresonant

text: so

text: they

text: have

text: inherently

text: broad

text: bandwidth

text: They

text: are

text: typically

text: wire

text: antennas

text: multiple

text: wavelengths

text: long

text: through

text: which

text: the

text: voltage

text: and

text: current

text: waves

text: travel

text: in

text: one

text: direction

text: instead

text: of

text: bouncing

text: back

text: and

text: forth

text: to

text: form

text: standing

text: waves

text: as

text: in

text: resonant

text: antennas

text: They

text: have

text: linear

text: polarization

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: helical

text: antenna

text: Unidirectional

text: traveling

text: wave

text: antennas

text: are

text: terminated

text: by

text: a

text: resistor

text: at

text: one

text: end

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: antenna

text: 's

text: characteristic

text: resistance

text: to

text: absorb

text: the

text: waves

text: from

text: one

text: direction

text: This

text: makes

text: them

text: inefficient

text: as

text: transmitting

text: antennas

question: What antenna's are nonresonant?

answer: traveling wave antennas

text: traveling wave antennas

question: How long are the wire antenna's that the voltage and current waves travel in the same direction?

answer: one direction

text: one direction

question: What antenna does not have linear polarization?

answer: helical antenna

text: helical antenna

question: What are undirectional traveling wave directions terminated by?

answer: resistor

text: resistor

question: What is the resistor equal to?

answer: antenna's characteristic resistance

text: antenna's characteristic resistance


text: Some of the theorists who advocate this "revisionist" critique imply that, because the "pure hunter-gatherer" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-29; see Wilmsen)

title: Hunter-gatherer

title: Hunter

title: gatherer

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: theorists

text: who

text: advocate

text: this

text: revisionist

text: critique

text: imply

text: that

text: because

text: the

text: pure

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: disappeared

text: not

text: long

text: after

text: colonial

text: or

text: even

text: agricultural

text: contact

text: began

text: nothing

text: meaningful

text: can

text: be

text: learned

text: about

text: prehistoric

text: hunter

text: gatherers

text: from

text: studies

text: of

text: modern

text: ones

text: Kelly

text: see

text: Wilmsen

question: What can be learned from the study of modern hunter-gatherers?

answer: nothing meaningful

text: nothing meaningful

question: Who thinks that it is useless to study modern foragers since the real ones are gone?

answer: theorists

text: theorists

question: What type of hunter-gatherer has disappeared ?

answer: pure hunter-gatherer

text: pure hunter-gatherer

question: The "pure hunter-gatherer" appeared not long after what?

question: Many meaningful things can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from what?

text: studies of modern ones

question: Nothing meaningful can be learned about modern hunter gatherers from the studies of what?

text: modern ones

question: Who advocates this "reviled" critique?

text: theorists

question: What do some theorists imply about modern hunter-gatherers?

text: nothing meaningful can be learned


text: Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races". The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf. the one-drop rule). In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial. There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number, but people live according to social and cultural identities, not DNA. Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised. Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities. While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally, any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries.

title: Multiracial_American

title: Multiracial_American

text: Multiracial

text: Americans

text: are

text: Americans

text: who

text: have

text: mixed

text: ancestry

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: The

text: term

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: Americans

text: of

text: mixed

text: race

text: ancestry

text: who

text: self

text: identify

text: with

text: just

text: one

text: group

text: culturally

text: and

text: socially

text: cf

text: the

text: one

text: drop

text: rule

text: In

text: the

text: US

text: census

text: approximately

text: million

text: individuals

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: self

text: identified

text: as

text: multiracial

text: There

text: is

text: evidence

text: that

text: an

text: accounting

text: by

text: genetic

text: ancestry

text: would

text: produce

text: a

text: higher

text: number

text: but

text: people

text: live

text: according

text: to

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: identities

text: not

text: DNA

text: Historical

text: reasons

text: including

text: slavery

text: creating

text: a

text: racial

text: caste

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: American

text: suppression

text: of

text: Native

text: Americans

text: often

text: led

text: people

text: to

text: identify

text: or

text: be

text: classified

text: by

text: only

text: one

text: ethnicity

text: generally

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: raised

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: many

text: people

text: hid

text: their

text: multiracial

text: heritage

text: because

text: of

text: racial

text: discrimination

text: against

text: minorities

text: While

text: many

text: Americans

text: may

text: be

text: biologically

text: multiracial

text: they

text: often

text: do

text: not

text: know

text: it

text: or

text: do

text: not

text: identify

text: so

text: culturally

text: any

text: more

text: than

text: they

text: maintain

text: all

text: the

text: differing

text: traditions

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: national

text: ancestries

question: Before the mid-20th century were people open about their muticultural heritage and why or why not?

answer: Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities.

text: Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities.

question: Are all muticultural Americans aware of their cultural heritage?

answer: While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it

text: While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it

question: Approximentally how many Americans identified themselves as multiracial in the 2010 US census?

answer: In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial.

text: In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial.

question: What is the accepted definition of "multicultural" ancestry?

answer: Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races".

text: Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races".

question: Why did muticultural Americans hid their heritage?

answer: Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities

text: Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities

question: Are all multicultural Americans aware of their heritage?

answer: While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it

text: While many Americans may be biologically multiracial, they often do not know it

question: Which cultural do multicultural people usually identify with?

answer: , generally that of the culture in which they were raised.

text: , generally that of the culture in which they were raised.

question: What are people most likely to identify themselves as?

answer: the culture in which they were raised

text: the culture in which they were raised

question: Would DNA show a higher number or lower number of mutliracial people than those reported in the census?

answer: higher number

text: higher number

question: What does it mean to be a mutliracial?

answer: two or more races

text: two or more races

question: How many multiracial people in the US were there in 2010?

answer: approximately 9 million individuals

text: approximately 9 million individuals

question: When did people stop hiding mutliracial heritage?

answer: the mid-20th century

text: the mid-20th century

question: How many individuals identified as multiracial in the 2000 US census?

text: 9 million

question: What percentage of the population did not identify as multiracial?

question: What would most likely produce a lower number of multiracial people?

text: accounting by genetic ancestry

question: What often led to people identifying or being classified by multiple ethnicities?

text: slavery

question: What did many people do with their multiracial identities after the mid-20th century?

text: hid


text: During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: the

text: Catalan

text: rulers

text: expanded

text: up

text: to

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Ebro

text: river

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: they

text: conquered

text: the

text: Land

text: of

text: Valencia

text: and

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Alghero

text: in

text: Sardinia

text: was

text: repopulated

text: with

text: Catalan

text: speakers

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: language

text: also

text: reached

text: Murcia

text: which

text: became

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: in

text: the

text: century

question: When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River?

answer: 11th and 12th centuries

text: 11th and 12th centuries

question: When did the Catalan rulers take over Valencia and the Balearic Islands?

answer: 13th century

text: 13th century

question: When Catalan reach Sardinia?

answer: 14th century

text: 14th century

question: Where did the Catalan language reach in the 15th century?

answer: Murcia

text: Murcia

question: When did Murcia become Spanish speaking?

answer: 15th century

text: 15th century


text: The Caribbean initially provided England's most important and lucrative colonies, but not before several attempts at colonisation failed. An attempt to establish a colony in Guiana in 1604 lasted only two years, and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits. Colonies in St Lucia (1605) and Grenada (1609) also rapidly folded, but settlements were successfully established in St. Kitts (1624), Barbados (1627) and Nevis (1628). The colonies soon adopted the system of sugar plantations successfully used by the Portuguese in Brazil, which depended on slave labour, and—at first—Dutch ships, to sell the slaves and buy the sugar. To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands, Parliament decreed in 1651 that only English ships would be able to ply their trade in English colonies. This led to hostilities with the United Dutch Provinces—a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars—which would eventually strengthen England's position in the Americas at the expense of the Dutch. In 1655, England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish, and in 1666 succeeded in colonising the Bahamas.

title: British_Empire

title: British_Empire

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: initially

text: provided

text: England

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: lucrative

text: colonies

text: but

text: not

text: before

text: several

text: attempts

text: at

text: colonisation

text: failed

text: An

text: attempt

text: to

text: establish

text: a

text: colony

text: in

text: Guiana

text: in

text: lasted

text: only

text: two

text: years

text: and

text: failed

text: in

text: its

text: main

text: objective

text: to

text: find

text: gold

text: deposits

text: Colonies

text: in

text: St

text: Lucia

text: and

text: Grenada

text: also

text: rapidly

text: folded

text: but

text: settlements

text: were

text: successfully

text: established

text: in

text: St.

text: Kitts

text: Barbados

text: and

text: Nevis

text: The

text: colonies

text: soon

text: adopted

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: sugar

text: plantations

text: successfully

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: in

text: Brazil

text: which

text: depended

text: on

text: slave

text: labour

text: and

text: at

text: first

text: Dutch

text: ships

text: to

text: sell

text: the

text: slaves

text: and

text: buy

text: the

text: sugar

text: To

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: increasingly

text: healthy

text: profits

text: of

text: this

text: trade

text: remained

text: in

text: English

text: hands

text: Parliament

text: decreed

text: in

text: that

text: only

text: English

text: ships

text: would

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: ply

text: their

text: trade

text: in

text: English

text: colonies

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: hostilities

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: Dutch

text: Provinces

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: Anglo

text: Dutch

text: Wars

text: which

text: would

text: eventually

text: strengthen

text: England

text: 's

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: In

text: England

text: annexed

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: from

text: the

text: Spanish

text: and

text: in

text: succeeded

text: in

text: colonising

text: the

text: Bahamas

question: When did England first establish a colony in Guiana?

answer: 1604

question: When did England first establish a colony in St. Lucia?

answer: 1605

question: When did England annex the island of Jamaica from the Spanish?

answer: 1655

question: When did England colonize the Bahamas?

answer: 1666

question: What was the goal of England's colony in Guiana?

answer: to find gold deposits

text: to find gold deposits


text: Bell worked extensively in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf. During his Volta Laboratory period, Bell and his associates considered impressing a magnetic field on a record as a means of reproducing sound. Although the trio briefly experimented with the concept, they could not develop a workable prototype. They abandoned the idea, never realizing they had glimpsed a basic principle which would one day find its application in the tape recorder, the hard disc and floppy disc drive and other magnetic media.

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

title: Alexander_Graham_Bell

text: Bell

text: worked

text: extensively

text: in

text: medical

text: research

text: and

text: invented

text: techniques

text: for

text: teaching

text: speech

text: to

text: the

text: deaf

text: During

text: his

text: Volta

text: Laboratory

text: period

text: Bell

text: and

text: his

text: associates

text: considered

text: impressing

text: a

text: magnetic

text: field

text: on

text: a

text: record

text: as

text: a

text: means

text: of

text: reproducing

text: sound

text: Although

text: the

text: trio

text: briefly

text: experimented

text: with

text: the

text: concept

text: they

text: could

text: not

text: develop

text: a

text: workable

text: prototype

text: They

text: abandoned

text: the

text: idea

text: never

text: realizing

text: they

text: had

text: glimpsed

text: a

text: basic

text: principle

text: which

text: would

text: one

text: day

text: find

text: its

text: application

text: in

text: the

text: tape

text: recorder

text: the

text: hard

text: disc

text: and

text: floppy

text: disc

text: drive

text: and

text: other

text: magnetic

text: media

question: What famous lab did Bell spend time working for?

answer: Volta

text: Volta

question: What type of energy did Bell investigate at the Volta Laboratory?

answer: magnetic

text: magnetic

question: The magnetic field is part of what sort of recorder?

answer: tape recorder

text: tape recorder


text: During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to their descendants. Especially during the Mamlūk period, when only former slaves could assume power, the sons of the ruling Mamlūk elite were unable to inherit. Guaranteed positions within the new madaris thus allowed them to maintain status. Madaris built in this period include the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Ḥasan in Cairo.

title: Madrasa

title: Madrasa

text: During

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: and

text: Mamluk

text: dynasties

text: and

text: their

text: successor

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Middle

text: East

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: ruling

text: elite

text: founded

text: madaris

text: through

text: a

text: religious

text: endowment

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: waqf

text: Not

text: only

text: was

text: the

text: madrasa

text: a

text: potent

text: symbol

text: of

text: status

text: but

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: effective

text: means

text: of

text: transmitting

text: wealth

text: and

text: status

text: to

text: their

text: descendants

text: Especially

text: during

text: the

text: Mamlūk

text: period

text: when

text: only

text: former

text: slaves

text: could

text: assume

text: power

text: the

text: sons

text: of

text: the

text: ruling

text: Mamlūk

text: elite

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: inherit

text: Guaranteed

text: positions

text: within

text: the

text: new

text: madaris

text: thus

text: allowed

text: them

text: to

text: maintain

text: status

text: Madaris

text: built

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: include

text: the

text: Mosque

text: Madrasah

text: of

text: Sultan

text: Ḥasan

text: in

text: Cairo

question: Which class of people founded the madaris during the medieval period?

answer: ruling elite

text: ruling elite

question: How were the madaris funded during the medieval period?

answer: through a religious endowment

text: through a religious endowment

question: What class of people inherited status during the Mamluk Period?

answer: former slaves

text: former slaves

question: What allowed the ruling elite to maintain power during the Mamluk period?

answer: Guaranteed positions within the new madaris

text: Guaranteed positions within the new madaris

question: In what city was the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Hasan?

answer: Cairo

text: Cairo

question: Which class of people founded the madaris during the ancient period?

text: ruling elite

question: How were the madaris funded during the prehistoric period?

text: religious endowment

question: What class of people rejected status during the Mamluk Period?

text: former slaves

question: What allowed the plebeians to maintain power during the Mamluk period?

text: Guaranteed positions

question: What city rejected the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Hasan?

text: Cairo


text: Most browsers support HTTP Secure and offer quick and easy ways to delete the web cache, download history, form and search history, cookies, and browsing history. For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, see comparison of web browsers.

title: Web_browser

title: Web_browser

text: Most

text: browsers

text: support

text: HTTP

text: Secure

text: and

text: offer

text: quick

text: and

text: easy

text: ways

text: to

text: delete

text: the

text: web

text: cache

text: download

text: history

text: form

text: and

text: search

text: history

text: cookies

text: and

text: browsing

text: history

text: For

text: a

text: comparison

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: security

text: vulnerabilities

text: of

text: browsers

text: see

text: comparison

text: of

text: web

text: browsers

question: HTTP Secure is supported by what?

answer: Most browsers

text: Most browsers

question: Cache, download history, cookies, browsing and what else can be quickly deleted in browsers?

answer: form and search history

text: form and search history

question: A comparison of browser must be seen to know what?

answer: current security vulnerabilities

text: current security vulnerabilities

question: What do most cookies support?

text: HTTP Secure

question: What does comparing browsing history show about your computer?

text: current security vulnerabilities

question: What does comparison of web browsers offer you to do quickly?

question: How do you know if your web cache is secure?

text: see comparison of web browsers

question: What do most web browser comparisons support?

text: HTTP Secure


text: Throughout his presidency, Eisenhower adhered to a political philosophy of dynamic conservatism. A self-described "progressive conservative," he continued all the major New Deal programs still in operation, especially Social Security. He expanded its programs and rolled them into a new cabinet-level agency, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, while extending benefits to an additional ten million workers. He implemented integration in the Armed Services in two years, which had not been completed under Truman.

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: Throughout

text: his

text: presidency

text: Eisenhower

text: adhered

text: to

text: a

text: political

text: philosophy

text: of

text: dynamic

text: conservatism

text: A

text: self

text: described

text: progressive

text: conservative

text: he

text: continued

text: all

text: the

text: major

text: New

text: Deal

text: programs

text: still

text: in

text: operation

text: especially

text: Social

text: Security

text: He

text: expanded

text: its

text: programs

text: and

text: rolled

text: them

text: into

text: a

text: new

text: cabinet

text: level

text: agency

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Health

text: Education

text: and

text: Welfare

text: while

text: extending

text: benefits

text: to

text: an

text: additional

text: ten

text: million

text: workers

text: He

text: implemented

text: integration

text: in

text: the

text: Armed

text: Services

text: in

text: two

text: years

text: which

text: had

text: not

text: been

text: completed

text: under

text: Truman

question: How did Eisenhower describe his political views?

answer: progressive conservative

text: progressive conservative

question: What New deal program did Eisenhower particularly support?

answer: Social Security

text: Social Security

question: What cabinet agency did Eisenhower make Social Security a part of?

answer: Department of Health, Education and Welfare

text: Department of Health, Education and Welfare

question: How many people were added to the Social Security rolls by Eisenhower?

answer: ten million

text: ten million

question: What policy in regard to the military did Eisenhower see to completion?

answer: integration

text: integration


text: There are also some extremely complex characters which have understandably become rather rare. According to Joël Bellassen (1989), the most complex Chinese character is /𪚥 (U+2A6A5) zhé  listen (help·info), meaning "verbose" and containing sixty-four strokes; this character fell from use around the 5th century. It might be argued, however, that while containing the most strokes, it is not necessarily the most complex character (in terms of difficulty), as it simply requires writing the same sixteen-stroke character 龍 lóng (lit. "dragon") four times in the space for one. Another 64-stroke character is /𠔻 (U+2053B) zhèng composed of 興 xīng/xìng (lit. "flourish") four times.

title: Chinese_characters

title: Chinese_characters

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: some

text: extremely

text: complex

text: characters

text: which

text: have

text: understandably

text: become

text: rather

text: rare

text: According

text: to

text: Joël

text: Bellassen

text: the

text: most

text: complex

text: Chinese

text: character

text: is

text: /𪚥

text: zhé

text: listen

text: help·info

text: meaning

text: verbose

text: and

text: containing

text: sixty

text: four

text: strokes

text: this

text: character

text: fell

text: from

text: use

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: might

text: be

text: argued

text: however

text: that

text: while

text: containing

text: the

text: most

text: strokes

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: the

text: most

text: complex

text: character

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: difficulty

text: as

text: it

text: simply

text: requires

text: writing

text: the

text: same

text: sixteen

text: stroke

text: character

text: 龍

text: lóng

text: lit

text: dragon

text: four

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: space

text: for

text: one

text: Another

text: character

text: is

text: /𠔻

text: zhèng

text: composed

text: of

text: 興

text: xīng

text: xìng

text: lit

text: flourish

text: four

text: times

question: What have become more rare?

answer: complex characters

text: complex characters

question: What is the most complex Chinese character?

answer: zhé

text: zhé

question: What is one 64-stroke character?

answer: zhèng

text: zhèng


text: John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign. He drew on the country for resources to fight his war with Philip on the continent. Conflict continued in Ireland between the Anglo-Norman settlers and the indigenous Irish chieftains, with John manipulating both groups to expand his wealth and power in the country. During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king. In 1210 the king crossed into Ireland with a large army to crush a rebellion by the Anglo-Norman lords; he reasserted his control of the country and used a new charter to order compliance with English laws and customs in Ireland. John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened. Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: John

text: remained

text: Lord

text: of

text: Ireland

text: throughout

text: his

text: reign

text: He

text: drew

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: for

text: resources

text: to

text: fight

text: his

text: war

text: with

text: Philip

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: Conflict

text: continued

text: in

text: Ireland

text: between

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: settlers

text: and

text: the

text: indigenous

text: Irish

text: chieftains

text: with

text: John

text: manipulating

text: both

text: groups

text: to

text: expand

text: his

text: wealth

text: and

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: During

text: Richard

text: 's

text: rule

text: John

text: had

text: successfully

text: increased

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: his

text: lands

text: in

text: Ireland

text: and

text: he

text: continued

text: this

text: policy

text: as

text: king

text: In

text: the

text: king

text: crossed

text: into

text: Ireland

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: army

text: to

text: crush

text: a

text: rebellion

text: by

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: lords

text: he

text: reasserted

text: his

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: used

text: a

text: new

text: charter

text: to

text: order

text: compliance

text: with

text: English

text: laws

text: and

text: customs

text: in

text: Ireland

text: John

text: stopped

text: short

text: of

text: trying

text: to

text: actively

text: enforce

text: this

text: charter

text: on

text: the

text: native

text: Irish

text: kingdoms

text: but

text: historian

text: David

text: Carpenter

text: suspects

text: that

text: he

text: might

text: have

text: done

text: so

text: had

text: the

text: baronial

text: conflict

text: in

text: England

text: not

text: intervened

text: Simmering

text: tensions

text: remained

text: with

text: the

text: native

text: Irish

text: leaders

text: even

text: after

text: John

text: left

text: for

text: England

question: John remained what throughout his reign?

answer: Lord of Ireland

text: Lord of Ireland

question: When did the king cross into Ireland with a large army?

answer: 1210

question: During Richard's rule, what did John successfully do?

answer: increased the size of his lands in Ireland

text: increased the size of his lands in Ireland


text: In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard language. Karadžić standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, and Gaj and Daničić standardized the Croatian Latin alphabet, on the basis of vernacular speech phonemes and the principle of phonological spelling. In 1850 Serbian and Croatian writers and linguists signed the Vienna Literary Agreement, declaring their intention to create a unified standard. Thus a complex bi-variant language appeared, which the Serbs officially called "Serbo-Croatian" or "Serbian or Croatian" and the Croats "Croato-Serbian", or "Croatian or Serbian". Yet, in practice, the variants of the conceived common literary language served as different literary variants, chiefly differing in lexical inventory and stylistic devices. The common phrase describing this situation was that Serbo-Croatian or "Croatian or Serbian" was a single language. During the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the language of all three nations was called "Bosnian" until the death of administrator von Kállay in 1907, at which point the name was changed to "Serbo-Croatian".

title: Serbo-Croatian

title: Serbo

title: Croatian

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: Serbian

text: led

text: by

text: self

text: taught

text: writer

text: and

text: folklorist

text: Vuk

text: Stefanović

text: Karadžić

text: and

text: most

text: Croatian

text: writers

text: and

text: linguists

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: Illyrian

text: movement

text: and

text: led

text: by

text: Ljudevit

text: Gaj

text: and

text: Đuro

text: Daničić

text: proposed

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: dialect

text: Shtokavian

text: as

text: the

text: base

text: for

text: their

text: common

text: standard

text: language

text: Karadžić

text: standardised

text: the

text: Serbian

text: Cyrillic

text: alphabet

text: and

text: Gaj

text: and

text: Daničić

text: standardized

text: the

text: Croatian

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: vernacular

text: speech

text: phonemes

text: and

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: phonological

text: spelling

text: In

text: Serbian

text: and

text: Croatian

text: writers

text: and

text: linguists

text: signed

text: the

text: Vienna

text: Literary

text: Agreement

text: declaring

text: their

text: intention

text: to

text: create

text: a

text: unified

text: standard

text: Thus

text: a

text: complex

text: bi

text: variant

text: language

text: appeared

text: which

text: the

text: Serbs

text: officially

text: called

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: or

text: Serbian

text: or

text: Croatian

text: and

text: the

text: Croats

text: Croato

text: Serbian

text: or

text: Croatian

text: or

text: Serbian

text: Yet

text: in

text: practice

text: the

text: variants

text: of

text: the

text: conceived

text: common

text: literary

text: language

text: served

text: as

text: different

text: literary

text: variants

text: chiefly

text: differing

text: in

text: lexical

text: inventory

text: and

text: stylistic

text: devices

text: The

text: common

text: phrase

text: describing

text: this

text: situation

text: was

text: that

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: or

text: Croatian

text: or

text: Serbian

text: was

text: a

text: single

text: language

text: During

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: occupation

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: all

text: three

text: nations

text: was

text: called

text: Bosnian

text: until

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: administrator

text: von

text: Kállay

text: in

text: at

text: which

text: point

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

question: Which dialect did writers and linguists of both Serbian and Croatian backgrounds wish to use as their common standard language?

answer: Shtokavian

text: Shtokavian

question: Why was Shtokavian suggested as a common language base?

answer: most widespread dialect

text: most widespread dialect

question: What 1850 document formally declared the intent to create a unified standard?

answer: Vienna Literary Agreement

text: Vienna Literary Agreement

question: After whose death in 1907 was the "Bosnian" name changed to "Serbo-Creation"?

answer: administrator von Kállay

text: administrator von Kállay

question: In 1850 what dialect did Serbian and Croatian writers propose to use as a standard language?

text: Shtokavian

question: What did Ljudevit Gaj standardize in the Serbian language?

text: the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet

question: On what basis was Shtokavian standardized?

question: In the mid 19th century who signed the Vienna Literary Agreement?

question: What did the signers of the Shtokavian declare?


text: The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 200,000 laborers 21 years to finish the project. The present-day City Wall of Nanjing was mainly built during that time and today it remains in good condition and has been well preserved. It is among the longest surviving city walls in China. The Jianwen Emperor ruled from 1398 to 1402.

title: Nanjing

title: Nanjing

text: The

text: first

text: emperor

text: of

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: Zhu

text: Yuanzhang

text: the

text: Hongwu

text: Emperor

text: who

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: renamed

text: the

text: city

text: Yingtian

text: rebuilt

text: it

text: and

text: made

text: it

text: the

text: dynastic

text: capital

text: in

text: He

text: constructed

text: a

text: km

text: mi

text: long

text: city

text: wall

text: around

text: Yingtian

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: new

text: Ming

text: Palace

text: complex

text: and

text: government

text: halls

text: It

text: took

text: laborers

text: years

text: to

text: finish

text: the

text: project

text: The

text: present

text: day

text: City

text: Wall

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: was

text: mainly

text: built

text: during

text: that

text: time

text: and

text: today

text: it

text: remains

text: in

text: good

text: condition

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: well

text: preserved

text: It

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: longest

text: surviving

text: city

text: walls

text: in

text: China

text: The

text: Jianwen

text: Emperor

text: ruled

text: from

text: to

question: Who was the first emperor of the Ming dynasty?

answer: Zhu Yuanzhang

text: Zhu Yuanzhang

question: Who did Zhu Yuanzhang defeat?

answer: the Yuan dynasty

text: the Yuan dynasty

question: What did Zhu Yuanzhang build around the city of Nanjing?

answer: long city wall

text: long city wall

question: How long did it take to finish the wall?

answer: 21 years

text: 21 years

question: How many workers worked on the wall?

answer: 200,000


text: Southampton's largest retail centre, and 35th largest in the UK, is the WestQuay Shopping Centre, which opened in September 2000 and hosts major high street stores including John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. The centre was Phase Two of the West Quay development of the former Pirelli undersea cables factory; the first phase of this was the West Quay Retail Park, while the third phase (Watermark Westquay) was put on hold due to the recession. Work is has resumed in 2015, with plans for this third stage including shops, housing, an hotel and a public piazza alongside the Town Walls on Western Esplanade. Southampton has also been granted a licence for a large casino. A further part of the redevelopment of the West Quay site resulted in a new store, opened on 12 February 2009, for Swedish home products retailer IKEA. Marlands is a smaller shopping centre, built in the 1990s and located close to the northern side of WestQuay. Southampton currently has two disused shopping centres: the 1970s Eaststreet mall, and the 1980s Bargate centre. Neither of these were ever commercially successful; the former has been earmarked for redevelopment as a Morrison's supermarket, while the future of the latter is uncertain. There is also the East Street area which has been designated for speciality shopping, with the aim of promoting smaller retailers, alongside the chain store Debenhams. In 2007, Southampton was ranked 13th for shopping in the UK.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Southampton

text: 's

text: largest

text: retail

text: centre

text: and

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: WestQuay

text: Shopping

text: Centre

text: which

text: opened

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: hosts

text: major

text: high

text: street

text: stores

text: including

text: John

text: Lewis

text: and

text: Marks

text: and

text: Spencer

text: The

text: centre

text: was

text: Phase

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Quay

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Pirelli

text: undersea

text: cables

text: factory

text: the

text: first

text: phase

text: of

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: West

text: Quay

text: Retail

text: Park

text: while

text: the

text: third

text: phase

text: Watermark

text: Westquay

text: was

text: put

text: on

text: hold

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: recession

text: Work

text: is

text: has

text: resumed

text: in

text: with

text: plans

text: for

text: this

text: third

text: stage

text: including

text: shops

text: housing

text: an

text: hotel

text: and

text: a

text: public

text: piazza

text: alongside

text: the

text: Town

text: Walls

text: on

text: Western

text: Esplanade

text: Southampton

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: granted

text: a

text: licence

text: for

text: a

text: large

text: casino

text: A

text: further

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: redevelopment

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Quay

text: site

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: store

text: opened

text: on

text: February

text: for

text: Swedish

text: home

text: products

text: retailer

text: IKEA

text: Marlands

text: is

text: a

text: smaller

text: shopping

text: centre

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: located

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: side

text: of

text: WestQuay

text: Southampton

text: currently

text: has

text: two

text: disused

text: shopping

text: centres

text: the

text: Eaststreet

text: mall

text: and

text: the

text: Bargate

text: centre

text: Neither

text: of

text: these

text: were

text: ever

text: commercially

text: successful

text: the

text: former

text: has

text: been

text: earmarked

text: for

text: redevelopment

text: as

text: a

text: Morrison

text: 's

text: supermarket

text: while

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: uncertain

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: East

text: Street

text: area

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: for

text: speciality

text: shopping

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: promoting

text: smaller

text: retailers

text: alongside

text: the

text: chain

text: store

text: Debenhams

text: In

text: Southampton

text: was

text: ranked

text: for

text: shopping

text: in

text: the

text: UK

question: What's the largest retail center in Southampton?

answer: WestQuay Shopping Centre

text: WestQuay Shopping Centre

question: What's WestQuay's ranking among the largest retail centers in the UK?

answer: 35th

question: What was the name of the third phase of West Quay development that got put on hold because of the recession?

answer: Watermark Westquay

text: Watermark Westquay

question: What year did work resume on the development of Watermark Westquay?

answer: 2015

question: What popular Swedish company opened a new store in the West Quay site in 2009?

answer: IKEA

text: IKEA


text: GE has a history of some of its activities giving rise to large-scale air and water pollution. Based on year 2000 data, researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute listed the corporation as the fourth-largest corporate producer of air pollution in the United States, with more than 4.4 million pounds per year (2,000 tons) of toxic chemicals released into the air. GE has also been implicated in the creation of toxic waste. According to EPA documents, only the United States Government, Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation are responsible for producing more Superfund toxic waste sites.

title: General_Electric

title: General_Electric

text: GE

text: has

text: a

text: history

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: activities

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: large

text: scale

text: air

text: and

text: water

text: pollution

text: Based

text: on

text: year

text: data

text: researchers

text: at

text: the

text: Political

text: Economy

text: Research

text: Institute

text: listed

text: the

text: corporation

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: corporate

text: producer

text: of

text: air

text: pollution

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: pounds

text: per

text: year

text: tons

text: of

text: toxic

text: chemicals

text: released

text: into

text: the

text: air

text: GE

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: implicated

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: toxic

text: waste

text: According

text: to

text: EPA

text: documents

text: only

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Government

text: Honeywell

text: and

text: Chevron

text: Corporation

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: producing

text: more

text: Superfund

text: toxic

text: waste

text: sites

question: Based on year 2000 data, where is GE ranked among the largest corporate producers of air pollution in the US?

answer: fourth-largest

text: fourth-largest

question: How many tons of toxic chemicals does GE release into the atmosphere each year?

answer: 2,000

question: According to which government agency is GE a leading producer of Superfund toxic waste sites?

answer: EPA

text: EPA

question: Which two commercial businesses produce more Superfund toxic waste sites than GE?

answer: Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation

text: Honeywell, and Chevron Corporation

question: Which organization identified GE as the fourth largest corporate producer of air pollution in the US?

answer: Political Economy Research Institute

text: Political Economy Research Institute

question: How much air pollution is spewed out by all of the Superfund toxic waste sites each year?

text: 4.4 million pounds

question: How much air pollution in Chevron Corporation responsible for each year?

text: 4.4 million pounds

question: Who is the largest corporate producer of air pollution each year?

text: Chevron Corporation

question: Who did the Political Economy Research Institute list as the third-largest producer of air pollution?

text: United States Government

question: How much air pollution did GE create in 1980?

text: 2,000 tons


text: The campus is home to several museums containing exhibits from many different fields of study. BYU's Museum of Art, for example, is one of the largest and most attended art museums in the Mountain West. This Museum aids in academic pursuits of students at BYU via research and study of the artworks in its collection. The Museum is also open to the general public and provides educational programming. The Museum of Peoples and Cultures is a museum of archaeology and ethnology. It focuses on native cultures and artifacts of the Great Basin, American Southwest, Mesoamerica, Peru, and Polynesia. Home to more than 40,000 artifacts and 50,000 photographs, it documents BYU's archaeological research. The BYU Museum of Paleontology was built in 1976 to display the many fossils found by BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen. It holds many artifacts from the Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago), and is one of the top five collections in the world of fossils from that time period. It has been featured in magazines, newspapers, and on television internationally. The museum receives about 25,000 visitors every year. The Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum was formed in 1978. It features several forms of plant and animal life on display and available for research by students and scholars.

title: Brigham_Young_University

title: Brigham_Young_University

text: The

text: campus

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: museums

text: containing

text: exhibits

text: from

text: many

text: different

text: fields

text: of

text: study

text: BYU

text: 's

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: for

text: example

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: attended

text: art

text: museums

text: in

text: the

text: Mountain

text: West

text: This

text: Museum

text: aids

text: in

text: academic

text: pursuits

text: of

text: students

text: at

text: BYU

text: via

text: research

text: and

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: artworks

text: in

text: its

text: collection

text: The

text: Museum

text: is

text: also

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: and

text: provides

text: educational

text: programming

text: The

text: Museum

text: of

text: Peoples

text: and

text: Cultures

text: is

text: a

text: museum

text: of

text: archaeology

text: and

text: ethnology

text: It

text: focuses

text: on

text: native

text: cultures

text: and

text: artifacts

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Basin

text: American

text: Southwest

text: Mesoamerica

text: Peru

text: and

text: Polynesia

text: Home

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: artifacts

text: and

text: photographs

text: it

text: documents

text: BYU

text: 's

text: archaeological

text: research

text: The

text: BYU

text: Museum

text: of

text: Paleontology

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: to

text: display

text: the

text: many

text: fossils

text: found

text: by

text: BYU

text: 's

text: Dr.

text: James

text: A.

text: Jensen

text: It

text: holds

text: many

text: artifacts

text: from

text: the

text: Jurassic

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: collections

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: fossils

text: from

text: that

text: time

text: period

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: featured

text: in

text: magazines

text: newspapers

text: and

text: on

text: television

text: internationally

text: The

text: museum

text: receives

text: about

text: visitors

text: every

text: year

text: The

text: Monte

text: L.

text: Bean

text: Life

text: Science

text: Museum

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: It

text: features

text: several

text: forms

text: of

text: plant

text: and

text: animal

text: life

text: on

text: display

text: and

text: available

text: for

text: research

text: by

text: students

text: and

text: scholars

question: Which BYU building is one of the most attended art museus in the Mountain West?

answer: Museum of Art

text: Museum of Art

question: How many photographs are in BYU's Museum of Peoples and Cultures?

answer: 50,000

question: Who found many of the fossils displayed in BYU's Museum of Paleontology?

answer: BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen

text: BYU's Dr. James A. Jensen

question: From which period does BYU Museum of Paleontology hold many artifacts from?

answer: Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago)

text: Jurassic Period (210-140 million years ago)

question: How many visitors does BYU Museum of Paleontology receive each year?

answer: about 25,000

text: about 25,000

question: What is home to more than 50,000 artifacts?

text: BYU's Museum of Art

question: What is home to 40,000 photographs?

text: BYU's Museum of Art

question: What was built in 1967?

text: BYU Museum of Paleontology

question: What was formed in 1987?

text: Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum

question: What did Dr. James A. Bean find many of?

text: fossils


text: Green and the CPI further noted another exploit of the ESA in their discussion of the critically endangered cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Not only had they found documentation that 151 of these primates had inadvertently made their way from the Harvard-affiliated New England Regional Primate Research Center into the exotic pet trade through the aforementioned loophole, but in October 1976, over 800 cotton-top tamarins were imported into the United States in order to beat the official listing of the species under the ESA.

title: Endangered_Species_Act

title: Endangered_Species_Act

text: Green

text: and

text: the

text: CPI

text: further

text: noted

text: another

text: exploit

text: of

text: the

text: ESA

text: in

text: their

text: discussion

text: of

text: the

text: critically

text: endangered

text: cotton

text: top

text: tamarin

text: Saguinus

text: oedipus

text: Not

text: only

text: had

text: they

text: found

text: documentation

text: that

text: of

text: these

text: primates

text: had

text: inadvertently

text: made

text: their

text: way

text: from

text: the

text: Harvard

text: affiliated

text: New

text: England

text: Regional

text: Primate

text: Research

text: Center

text: into

text: the

text: exotic

text: pet

text: trade

text: through

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: loophole

text: but

text: in

text: October

text: over

text: cotton

text: top

text: tamarins

text: were

text: imported

text: into

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: beat

text: the

text: official

text: listing

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: under

text: the

text: ESA

question: The Center for Public Integrity found that 151 of what primate were moved from the New England Primate Research Center into exotic pet trade?

answer: cotton-top tamarin

text: cotton-top tamarin

question: What happened in 1976 that impacted this primate's classification as Endanger?

answer: over 800 cotton-top tamarins were imported into the United States

text: over 800 cotton-top tamarins were imported into the United States

question: What school is affiliated with the New England Primate Research Center?

answer: Harvard

text: Harvard

question: What school was running the pet trade?

text: Harvard

question: How many cotton-top tamarins were traded out of the US in 1976?

question: Who works for the New England Regional Primate Research Center?

text: Green

question: What was the official number of the cotton-top tamarins species under the ESA?

question: How many primates did Harvard purchase?


text: The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars settled Hungary around 900 under King Árpád (d. c. 907) after a series of invasions in the 9th century. The papacy, long attached to an ideology of independence from secular kings, first asserted its claim to temporal authority over the entire Christian world; the Papal Monarchy reached its apogee in the early 13th century under the pontificate of Innocent III (pope 1198–1216). Northern Crusades and the advance of Christian kingdoms and military orders into previously pagan regions in the Baltic and Finnic north-east brought the forced assimilation of numerous native peoples into European culture.

title: Middle_Ages

title: Middle_Ages

text: The

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: was

text: the

text: formative

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: Western

text: state

text: Kings

text: in

text: France

text: England

text: and

text: Spain

text: consolidated

text: their

text: power

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: lasting

text: governing

text: institutions

text: New

text: kingdoms

text: such

text: as

text: Hungary

text: and

text: Poland

text: after

text: their

text: conversion

text: to

text: Christianity

text: became

text: Central

text: European

text: powers

text: The

text: Magyars

text: settled

text: Hungary

text: around

text: under

text: King

text: Árpád

text: d.

text: c.

text: after

text: a

text: series

text: of

text: invasions

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: papacy

text: long

text: attached

text: to

text: an

text: ideology

text: of

text: independence

text: from

text: secular

text: kings

text: first

text: asserted

text: its

text: claim

text: to

text: temporal

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: entire

text: Christian

text: world

text: the

text: Papal

text: Monarchy

text: reached

text: its

text: apogee

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: under

text: the

text: pontificate

text: of

text: Innocent

text: III

text: pope

text: Northern

text: Crusades

text: and

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: Christian

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: military

text: orders

text: into

text: previously

text: pagan

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: and

text: Finnic

text: north

text: east

text: brought

text: the

text: forced

text: assimilation

text: of

text: numerous

text: native

text: peoples

text: into

text: European

text: culture

question: Along with Poland, what Central European kingdom was formed during the High Middle Ages?

answer: Hungary

text: Hungary

question: Who was king when the Magyars settled in Hungary?

answer: Árpád

text: Árpád

question: When did the papacy of Innocent III begin?

answer: 1198

question: Along with France and Spain, the kings of what country consolidated power in the High Middle Ages?

answer: England

text: England

question: In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary?

answer: 900


text: In 1901, 10-inch disc records were introduced, followed in 1903 by 12-inch records. These could play for more than three and four minutes respectively, while contemporary cylinders could only play for about two minutes. In an attempt to head off the disc advantage, Edison introduced the Amberol cylinder in 1909, with a maximum playing time of 4½ minutes (at 160 rpm), which in turn were superseded by Blue Amberol Records, which had a playing surface made of celluloid, a plastic, which was far less fragile. Despite these improvements, during the 1910s discs decisively won this early format war, although Edison continued to produce new Blue Amberol cylinders for an ever-dwindling customer base until late in 1929. By 1919 the basic patents for the manufacture of lateral-cut disc records had expired, opening the field for countless companies to produce them. Analog disc records would dominate the home entertainment market until they were outsold by the digital compact disc in the late 1980s (which was in turn supplanted by digital audio recordings distributed via online music stores and Internet file sharing).

title: Gramophone_record

title: Gramophone_record

text: In

text: disc

text: records

text: were

text: introduced

text: followed

text: in

text: by

text: records

text: These

text: could

text: play

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: three

text: and

text: four

text: minutes

text: respectively

text: while

text: contemporary

text: cylinders

text: could

text: only

text: play

text: for

text: about

text: two

text: minutes

text: In

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: head

text: off

text: the

text: disc

text: advantage

text: Edison

text: introduced

text: the

text: Amberol

text: cylinder

text: in

text: with

text: a

text: maximum

text: playing

text: time

text: of

text: 4½

text: minutes

text: at

text: rpm

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: were

text: superseded

text: by

text: Blue

text: Amberol

text: Records

text: which

text: had

text: a

text: playing

text: surface

text: made

text: of

text: celluloid

text: a

text: plastic

text: which

text: was

text: far

text: less

text: fragile

text: Despite

text: these

text: improvements

text: during

text: the

text: discs

text: decisively

text: won

text: this

text: early

text: format

text: war

text: although

text: Edison

text: continued

text: to

text: produce

text: new

text: Blue

text: Amberol

text: cylinders

text: for

text: an

text: ever

text: dwindling

text: customer

text: base

text: until

text: late

text: in

text: By

text: the

text: basic

text: patents

text: for

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: lateral

text: cut

text: disc

text: records

text: had

text: expired

text: opening

text: the

text: field

text: for

text: countless

text: companies

text: to

text: produce

text: them

text: Analog

text: disc

text: records

text: would

text: dominate

text: the

text: home

text: entertainment

text: market

text: until

text: they

text: were

text: outsold

text: by

text: the

text: digital

text: compact

text: disc

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: which

text: was

text: in

text: turn

text: supplanted

text: by

text: digital

text: audio

text: recordings

text: distributed

text: via

text: online

text: music

text: stores

text: and

text: Internet

text: file

text: sharing

question: What was the name of the discs Edison introduced in 1909?

answer: Blue Amberol cylinders

text: Blue Amberol cylinders

question: What year did the patent for lateral cut discs expire?

answer: 1919

question: What format dominated the market in the late 1980s?

answer: digital compact disc

text: digital compact disc

question: What disc format was the least fragile prior to 1919?

answer: Amberol cylinder

text: Amberol cylinder

question: What was the playing surface of the blue amerbol cylinder discs made of?

answer: celluloid

text: celluloid


text: Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.

title: Yale_University

title: Yale_University

text: Yale

text: 's

text: central

text: campus

text: in

text: downtown

text: New

text: Haven

text: covers

text: acres

text: and

text: comprises

text: its

text: main

text: historic

text: campus

text: and

text: a

text: medical

text: campus

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: Yale

text: New

text: Haven

text: Hospital

text: In

text: western

text: New

text: Haven

text: the

text: university

text: holds

text: acres

text: of

text: athletic

text: facilities

text: including

text: the

text: Yale

text: Golf

text: Course

text: In

text: Yale

text: purchased

text: the

text: former

text: Bayer

text: Pharmaceutical

text: campus

text: in

text: West

text: Haven

text: Connecticut

text: the

text: buildings

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: now

text: used

text: as

text: laboratory

text: and

text: research

text: space

text: Yale

text: also

text: owns

text: seven

text: forests

text: in

text: Connecticut

text: Vermont

text: and

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Yale

text: Myers

text: Forest

text: in

text: Connecticut

text: 's

text: Quiet

text: Corner

text: and

text: nature

text: preserves

text: including

text: Horse

text: Island

question: Where does Yale own 500 acres of athletic facilities?

answer: western New Haven

text: western New Haven

question: What campus did Yale buy in 2008?

answer: former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus

text: former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus

question: What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for?

answer: laboratory and research space

text: laboratory and research space

question: How many forests does Yale own?

answer: seven

text: seven

question: How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession?

answer: 7,840-acre

question: Where does Yale own 5000 acres of athletic facilities?

text: western New Haven

question: What campus did Yale buy in 2009?

text: former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus

question: What is the current Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for?

text: laboratory and research space

question: How many forests doesn't Yale own?

text: seven

question: How big is the smallest forest in Yale's possession?


text: The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications. The Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings.

title: New_York_City

title: New_York_City

text: The

text: FDNY

text: headquarters

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: MetroTech

text: Center

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Brooklyn

text: and

text: the

text: FDNY

text: Fire

text: Academy

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Randalls

text: Island

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Fire

text: Communications

text: alarm

text: offices

text: which

text: receive

text: and

text: dispatch

text: alarms

text: to

text: appropriate

text: units

text: One

text: office

text: at

text: Metrotech

text: Center

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: houses

text: Manhattan

text: Citywide

text: Brooklyn

text: and

text: Staten

text: Island

text: Fire

text: Communications

text: The

text: Bronx

text: and

text: Queens

text: offices

text: are

text: in

text: separate

text: buildings

question: What is the address for The New York City Fire Department headquarters?

answer: 9 MetroTech Center

text: 9 MetroTech Center

question: Which island is home to the Fire academy in NYC?

answer: Randalls Island

text: Randalls Island

question: Which borough of NYC is home to the The New York City Fire Department headquarters?

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

question: What is the street address of the New York Fire Department headquarters?

answer: 9 MetroTech Center

text: 9 MetroTech Center

question: In what borough is the FDNY headquartered?

answer: Brooklyn

text: Brooklyn

question: Where is the fire department's training academy located?

answer: Randalls Island

text: Randalls Island

question: What is the street address of the Bureau of Fire Communications alarm office in Brooklyn?

answer: 11 Metrotech Center

text: 11 Metrotech Center


text: In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrests, and introduced compulsory national service for young people. Dissent also arose from conservative clerics and the Muslim Brotherhood, who were persecuted as anti-revolutionary. In January 1977, two dissenting students and a number of army officers were publicly hanged; Amnesty International condemned it as the first time in Gaddafist Libya that dissenters had been executed for purely political crimes.

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

title: Muammar_Gaddafi

text: In

text: September

text: Gaddafi

text: purged

text: the

text: army

text: arresting

text: around

text: senior

text: officers

text: and

text: in

text: October

text: he

text: founded

text: the

text: clandestine

text: Office

text: for

text: the

text: Security

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

text: In

text: student

text: demonstrations

text: broke

text: out

text: in

text: Tripoli

text: and

text: Benghazi

text: and

text: were

text: attacked

text: by

text: police

text: and

text: Gaddafist

text: students

text: The

text: RCC

text: responded

text: with

text: mass

text: arrests

text: and

text: introduced

text: compulsory

text: national

text: service

text: for

text: young

text: people

text: Dissent

text: also

text: arose

text: from

text: conservative

text: clerics

text: and

text: the

text: Muslim

text: Brotherhood

text: who

text: were

text: persecuted

text: as

text: anti

text: revolutionary

text: In

text: January

text: two

text: dissenting

text: students

text: and

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: army

text: officers

text: were

text: publicly

text: hanged

text: Amnesty

text: International

text: condemned

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: Gaddafist

text: Libya

text: that

text: dissenters

text: had

text: been

text: executed

text: for

text: purely

text: political

text: crimes

question: In what year was the Office for the Security of the Revolution founded?

answer: 1975

question: In what year did student protests occur in Benghazi?

answer: 1976

question: How many senior officers were expelled fro the army in 1975?

answer: 200

question: How many students were executed in January of 1977?

answer: two

text: two

question: Who criticized the political execution of students and military officers that occurred in January 1977?

answer: Amnesty International

text: Amnesty International


text: Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.

title: FC_Barcelona

title: FC_Barcelona

text: Barça

text: beat

text: Athletic

text: Bilbao

text: in

text: the

text: Copa

text: del

text: Rey

text: Final

text: winning

text: the

text: competition

text: for

text: a

text: record

text: breaking

text: time

text: A

text: historic

text: victory

text: against

text: Real

text: Madrid

text: followed

text: three

text: days

text: later

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: Barcelona

text: became

text: La

text: Liga

text: champions

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: Barça

text: finished

text: the

text: season

text: by

text: beating

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: 's

text: Champions

text: League

text: winners

text: Manchester

text: United

text: at

text: the

text: Stadio

text: Olimpico

text: in

text: Rome

text: to

text: win

text: their

text: third

text: Champions

text: League

text: title

text: and

text: completed

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: treble

text: won

text: by

text: a

text: Spanish

text: team

text: The

text: team

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Supercopa

text: de

text: España

text: against

text: Athletic

text: Bilbao

text: and

text: the

text: UEFA

text: Super

text: Cup

text: against

text: Shakhtar

text: Donetsk

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: European

text: club

text: to

text: win

text: both

text: domestic

text: and

text: European

text: Super

text: Cups

text: following

text: a

text: treble

text: In

text: December

text: Barcelona

text: won

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Club

text: World

text: Cup

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: football

text: club

text: ever

text: to

text: accomplish

text: the

text: sextuple

text: Barcelona

text: accomplished

text: two

text: new

text: records

text: in

text: Spanish

text: football

text: in

text: as

text: they

text: retained

text: the

text: La

text: Liga

text: trophy

text: with

text: points

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Super

text: Cup

text: trophy

text: for

text: a

text: ninth

text: time

question: How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey?

answer: 25

question: What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?

answer: Real Madrid

text: Real Madrid

question: What team did Barcelona beat to win 2008-09 Champions League title?

answer: Manchester United

text: Manchester United

question: Which Spanish team did Barcelona defeat to win the Supercopa de Espana?

answer: Athletic Bilbao

text: Athletic Bilbao

question: When Barcelona won 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, what first time feat did they accomplish?

answer: sextuple

text: sextuple


text: There has also been an increase of yuppie, bohemian, and hipster types particularly around Center City, the neighborhood of Northern Liberties, and in the neighborhoods around the city's universities, such as near Temple in North Philadelphia and particularly near Drexel and University of Pennsylvania in West Philadelphia. Philadelphia is also home to a significant gay and lesbian population. Philadelphia's Gayborhood, which is located near Washington Square, is home to a large concentration of gay and lesbian friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars.

title: Philadelphia

title: Philadelphia

text: There

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: yuppie

text: bohemian

text: and

text: hipster

text: types

text: particularly

text: around

text: Center

text: City

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Northern

text: Liberties

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: neighborhoods

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: universities

text: such

text: as

text: near

text: Temple

text: in

text: North

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: particularly

text: near

text: Drexel

text: and

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: in

text: West

text: Philadelphia

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: significant

text: gay

text: and

text: lesbian

text: population

text: Philadelphia

text: 's

text: Gayborhood

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: Washington

text: Square

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: a

text: large

text: concentration

text: of

text: gay

text: and

text: lesbian

text: friendly

text: businesses

text: restaurants

text: and

text: bars

question: Name three sub-cultures in the Center City?

answer: yuppie, bohemian, and hipster

text: yuppie, bohemian, and hipster

question: What is the name of the gay district?

answer: Gayborhood

text: Gayborhood

question: Name a University located in the city?

answer: Drexel and University of Pennsylvania

text: Drexel and University of Pennsylvania