text: Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all other federal courts, despite not being a regular court of appeals on itself in the German court system. It is also the only court possessing the power and authority to outlaw political parties, if it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution.

title: Supreme_court

title: Supreme_court

text: Final

text: interpretation

text: of

text: and

text: amendments

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Constitution

text: the

text: Grundgesetz

text: is

text: the

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: Bundesverfassungsgericht

text: Federal

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: highest

text: German

text: court

text: as

text: it

text: can

text: declare

text: both

text: federal

text: and

text: state

text: legislation

text: ineffective

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: overrule

text: decisions

text: of

text: all

text: other

text: federal

text: courts

text: despite

text: not

text: being

text: a

text: regular

text: court

text: of

text: appeals

text: on

text: itself

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: court

text: system

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: only

text: court

text: possessing

text: the

text: power

text: and

text: authority

text: to

text: outlaw

text: political

text: parties

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: deemed

text: that

text: these

text: parties

text: have

text: repeatedly

text: violated

text: articles

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

question: What is Germany's constitution called?

answer: the Grundgesetz

text: the Grundgesetz

question: What German high court has the responsibility for interpreting this document?

answer: Bundesverfassungsgericht

text: Bundesverfassungsgericht

question: The english translation of this court and its duties is what?

answer: Federal Constitutional Court

text: Federal Constitutional Court

question: What unique electoral power does this German high court possess?

answer: the power and authority to outlaw political parties

text: the power and authority to outlaw political parties

question: Under what circumstances may the court enact this responsibility?

answer: it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution

text: it is deemed that these parties have repeatedly violated articles of the Constitution

question: What is the German term for the German Constitutional Court?

text: Bundesverfassungsgericht

question: What is the German term for Federal Constitution?

text: Grundgesetz

question: What can happen to a political party if it has repeatedly violated the German Court System?

text: outlaw political parties

question: What can the German Court declare in regard to legislation?

text: overrule decisions of


text: John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism. The role of sense experience in Dewey's theory is crucial, in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated. Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that reality is determined by past experience. Therefore, humans adapt their past experiences of things to perform experiments upon and test the pragmatic values of such experience. The value of such experience is measured experientially and scientifically, and the results of such tests generate ideas that serve as instruments for future experimentation, in physical sciences as in ethics. Thus, ideas in Dewey's system retain their empiricist flavour in that they are only known a posteriori.

title: Empiricism

title: Empiricism

text: John

text: Dewey

text: modified

text: James

text: pragmatism

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: theory

text: known

text: as

text: instrumentalism

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: sense

text: experience

text: in

text: Dewey

text: 's

text: theory

text: is

text: crucial

text: in

text: that

text: he

text: saw

text: experience

text: as

text: unified

text: totality

text: of

text: things

text: through

text: which

text: everything

text: else

text: is

text: interrelated

text: Dewey

text: 's

text: basic

text: thought

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: empiricism

text: was

text: that

text: reality

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: past

text: experience

text: Therefore

text: humans

text: adapt

text: their

text: past

text: experiences

text: of

text: things

text: to

text: perform

text: experiments

text: upon

text: and

text: test

text: the

text: pragmatic

text: values

text: of

text: such

text: experience

text: The

text: value

text: of

text: such

text: experience

text: is

text: measured

text: experientially

text: and

text: scientifically

text: and

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: such

text: tests

text: generate

text: ideas

text: that

text: serve

text: as

text: instruments

text: for

text: future

text: experimentation

text: in

text: physical

text: sciences

text: as

text: in

text: ethics

text: Thus

text: ideas

text: in

text: Dewey

text: 's

text: system

text: retain

text: their

text: empiricist

text: flavour

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: only

text: known

text: a

text: posteriori

question: Who came up with 'instrumentalism'?

answer: John Dewey

text: John Dewey

question: What did Dewey think about reality?

answer: reality is determined by past experience

text: reality is determined by past experience

question: When was Dewey born?

answer: 1859

question: When did Dewey die?

answer: 1952

question: What was instrumentalism a modification of?

answer: James' pragmatism

text: James' pragmatism

question: How did James define reality?

text: by past experience

question: Why is Dewey's system considered a priori?

question: Who changed Dewey's solution?

text: James

question: Why is basic thought crucial to Dewey's theory?

question: Who claimed that humans create experiments based on the perceived future?

text: John Dewey


text: Pagan's collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century. Like the Burmans four centuries earlier, Shan migrants who arrived with the Mongol invasions stayed behind. Several competing Shan States came to dominate the entire northwestern to eastern arc surrounding the Irrawaddy valley. The valley too was beset with petty states until the late 14th century when two sizeable powers, Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom, emerged. In the west, a politically fragmented Arakan was under competing influences of its stronger neighbours until the Kingdom of Mrauk U unified the Arakan coastline for the first time in 1437.

title: Myanmar

title: Myanmar

text: Pagan

text: 's

text: collapse

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: years

text: of

text: political

text: fragmentation

text: that

text: lasted

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: Like

text: the

text: Burmans

text: four

text: centuries

text: earlier

text: Shan

text: migrants

text: who

text: arrived

text: with

text: the

text: Mongol

text: invasions

text: stayed

text: behind

text: Several

text: competing

text: Shan

text: States

text: came

text: to

text: dominate

text: the

text: entire

text: northwestern

text: to

text: eastern

text: arc

text: surrounding

text: the

text: Irrawaddy

text: valley

text: The

text: valley

text: too

text: was

text: beset

text: with

text: petty

text: states

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: when

text: two

text: sizeable

text: powers

text: Ava

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Hanthawaddy

text: Kingdom

text: emerged

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: a

text: politically

text: fragmented

text: Arakan

text: was

text: under

text: competing

text: influences

text: of

text: its

text: stronger

text: neighbours

text: until

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Mrauk

text: U

text: unified

text: the

text: Arakan

text: coastline

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

question: How long did it take for Myanmar to recover from the collapse of it's first kingdom ?

answer: 250 years

text: 250 years

question: Did the Mongol invasions of Burma leave any lasting signs?

answer: Shan migrants who arrived with the Mongol invasions stayed behind

text: Shan migrants who arrived with the Mongol invasions stayed behind

question: Who was involved merger of the smaller states into the two largest factions of Myanmar ?

answer: Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom

text: Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom

question: What is the name of the kingdom that became dominant along the coastline of Myanmar?

answer: Kingdom of Mrauk U

text: Kingdom of Mrauk U


text: Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua, the Puruhá, the Cañari, and the Saraguro. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Approximately

text: of

text: Ecuador

text: 's

text: Indigenous

text: population

text: are

text: Highland

text: Quichuas

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: valleys

text: of

text: the

text: Sierra

text: region

text: Primarily

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: descendents

text: of

text: Incans

text: they

text: are

text: Kichwa

text: speakers

text: and

text: include

text: the

text: Caranqui

text: the

text: Otavalos

text: the

text: Cayambi

text: the

text: Quitu

text: Caras

text: the

text: Panzaleo

text: the

text: Chimbuelo

text: the

text: Salasacan

text: the

text: Tugua

text: the

text: Puruhá

text: the

text: Cañari

text: and

text: the

text: Saraguro

text: Linguistic

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: Salascan

text: and

text: the

text: Saraguro

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: descendants

text: of

text: Bolivian

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: transplanted

text: to

text: Ecuador

text: as

text: mitimaes

question: What percentage of Ecuador's indigenous population are Highland Quichuas?

answer: 96.4%

question: Where do the Highland Quichuas live?

answer: valleys of the Sierra region

text: valleys of the Sierra region

question: Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from?

answer: Inca

text: Inca

question: What language do the Highland Quichuas speak?

answer: Kichwa

text: Kichwa

question: The Saraguro and Panzaleo are two of the member groups of what population?

answer: Highland Quichuas

text: Highland Quichuas


text: Much of El Salvador was home to the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira. The Pipil lived in western El Salvador, spoke Nawat, and had many settlements there, most noticeably Cuzcatlan. The Pipil had no precious mineral resources, but they did have rich and fertile land that was good for farming. The Spaniards were disappointed not to find gold or jewels in El Salvador as they had in other lands like Guatemala or Mexico, but upon learning of the fertile land in El Salvador, they attempted to conquer it. Noted Meso-American indigenous warriors to rise militarily against the Spanish included Princes Atonal and Atlacatl of the Pipil people in central El Salvador and Princess Antu Silan Ulap of the Lenca people in eastern El Salvador, who saw the Spanish not as gods but as barbaric invaders. After fierce battles, the Pipil successfully fought off the Spanish army led by Pedro de Alvarado along with their Mexican Indian allies (the Tlaxcalas), sending them back to Guatemala. After many other attacks with an army reinforced with Guatemalan Indian allies, the Spanish were able to conquer Cuzcatlan. After further attacks, the Spanish also conquered the Lenca people. Eventually, the Spaniards intermarried with Pipil and Lenca women, resulting in the Mestizo population which would become the majority of the Salvadoran people. Today many Pipil and other indigenous populations live in the many small towns of El Salvador like Izalco, Panchimalco, Sacacoyo, and Nahuizalco.

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

text: Much

text: of

text: El

text: Salvador

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Pipil

text: the

text: Lenca

text: Xinca

text: and

text: Kakawira

text: The

text: Pipil

text: lived

text: in

text: western

text: El

text: Salvador

text: spoke

text: Nawat

text: and

text: had

text: many

text: settlements

text: there

text: most

text: noticeably

text: Cuzcatlan

text: The

text: Pipil

text: had

text: no

text: precious

text: mineral

text: resources

text: but

text: they

text: did

text: have

text: rich

text: and

text: fertile

text: land

text: that

text: was

text: good

text: for

text: farming

text: The

text: Spaniards

text: were

text: disappointed

text: not

text: to

text: find

text: gold

text: or

text: jewels

text: in

text: El

text: Salvador

text: as

text: they

text: had

text: in

text: other

text: lands

text: like

text: Guatemala

text: or

text: Mexico

text: but

text: upon

text: learning

text: of

text: the

text: fertile

text: land

text: in

text: El

text: Salvador

text: they

text: attempted

text: to

text: conquer

text: it

text: Noted

text: Meso

text: American

text: indigenous

text: warriors

text: to

text: rise

text: militarily

text: against

text: the

text: Spanish

text: included

text: Princes

text: Atonal

text: and

text: Atlacatl

text: of

text: the

text: Pipil

text: people

text: in

text: central

text: El

text: Salvador

text: and

text: Princess

text: Antu

text: Silan

text: Ulap

text: of

text: the

text: Lenca

text: people

text: in

text: eastern

text: El

text: Salvador

text: who

text: saw

text: the

text: Spanish

text: not

text: as

text: gods

text: but

text: as

text: barbaric

text: invaders

text: After

text: fierce

text: battles

text: the

text: Pipil

text: successfully

text: fought

text: off

text: the

text: Spanish

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: Pedro

text: de

text: Alvarado

text: along

text: with

text: their

text: Mexican

text: Indian

text: allies

text: the

text: Tlaxcalas

text: sending

text: them

text: back

text: to

text: Guatemala

text: After

text: many

text: other

text: attacks

text: with

text: an

text: army

text: reinforced

text: with

text: Guatemalan

text: Indian

text: allies

text: the

text: Spanish

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: conquer

text: Cuzcatlan

text: After

text: further

text: attacks

text: the

text: Spanish

text: also

text: conquered

text: the

text: Lenca

text: people

text: Eventually

text: the

text: Spaniards

text: intermarried

text: with

text: Pipil

text: and

text: Lenca

text: women

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Mestizo

text: population

text: which

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: Salvadoran

text: people

text: Today

text: many

text: Pipil

text: and

text: other

text: indigenous

text: populations

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: many

text: small

text: towns

text: of

text: El

text: Salvador

text: like

text: Izalco

text: Panchimalco

text: Sacacoyo

text: and

text: Nahuizalco

question: El Salvador was home to which indigenous peoples?

answer: the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira

text: the Pipil, the Lenca, Xinca, and Kakawira

question: What was a major Pipil settlement in western El Salvador?

answer: Cuzcatlan

text: Cuzcatlan

question: What was the language of the Pipil?

answer: Nawat

text: Nawat

question: What did the Princes and Princesses see the Spanish as?

answer: barbaric invaders

text: barbaric invaders

question: What people resulted from the Spaniards intermarrying with Pipll and Lenca women?

answer: Mestizo

text: Mestizo


text: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel have a system called compensation. This is a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab. This makes it easier to control the elevator, as it compensates for the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab. If the elevator cab is at the top of the hoist-way, there is a short length of hoist cable above the car and a long length of compensating cable below the car and vice versa for the counterweight. If the compensation system uses cables, there will be an additional sheave in the pit below the elevator, to guide the cables. If the compensation system uses chains, the chain is guided by a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines.

title: Elevator

title: Elevator

text: Elevators

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: m

text: ft

text: of

text: travel

text: have

text: a

text: system

text: called

text: compensation

text: This

text: is

text: a

text: separate

text: set

text: of

text: cables

text: or

text: a

text: chain

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: counterweight

text: and

text: the

text: bottom

text: of

text: the

text: elevator

text: cab

text: This

text: makes

text: it

text: easier

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: elevator

text: as

text: it

text: compensates

text: for

text: the

text: differing

text: weight

text: of

text: cable

text: between

text: the

text: hoist

text: and

text: the

text: cab

text: If

text: the

text: elevator

text: cab

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: hoist

text: way

text: there

text: is

text: a

text: short

text: length

text: of

text: hoist

text: cable

text: above

text: the

text: car

text: and

text: a

text: long

text: length

text: of

text: compensating

text: cable

text: below

text: the

text: car

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: for

text: the

text: counterweight

text: If

text: the

text: compensation

text: system

text: uses

text: cables

text: there

text: will

text: be

text: an

text: additional

text: sheave

text: in

text: the

text: pit

text: below

text: the

text: elevator

text: to

text: guide

text: the

text: cables

text: If

text: the

text: compensation

text: system

text: uses

text: chains

text: the

text: chain

text: is

text: guided

text: by

text: a

text: bar

text: mounted

text: between

text: the

text: counterweight

text: railway

text: lines

question: "Compensation" is the name of the system used for what type of elevators?

answer: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel

text: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel

question: "Compensation" consists of what?

answer: a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab

text: a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab

question: What exactly does this system compensate for?

answer: the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab

text: the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab

question: What is the chain guided by in a compensation system that uses chains?

answer: a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines

text: a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines


text: The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (Hessen), Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), North Rhine Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Schleswig-Holstein, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. West Berlin, while officially not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state.

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: The

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: in

text: was

text: through

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: states

text: which

text: were

text: previously

text: under

text: American

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: administration

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Initially

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: were

text: Baden

text: Bavaria

text: in

text: German

text: Bayern

text: Bremen

text: Hamburg

text: Hesse

text: Hessen

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Niedersachsen

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: Nordrhein

text: Westfalen

text: Rhineland

text: Palatinate

text: Rheinland

text: Pfalz

text: Schleswig

text: Holstein

text: Württemberg

text: Baden

text: and

text: Württemberg

text: Hohenzollern

text: West

text: Berlin

text: while

text: officially

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: was

text: largely

text: integrated

text: and

text: considered

text: as

text: a

text: de

text: facto

text: state

question: When was the Federal Republic of Germany created

answer: 1949

question: Which countries administrations was the Federal Republic of Germany previously under?

answer: American, British, and French

text: American, British, and French

question: Which city was originally not a part of the Federal Republic of Germany?

answer: West Berlin

text: West Berlin

question: What was the Federal Republic of Germany created in the aftermath of?

answer: World War II

text: World War II

question: When was the Federal Republic of France created?

text: in 1949

question: After what event was France created in 1949?

text: World War II

question: Which area was not officially a part of Bavaria?

text: West Berlin

question: Who was in control of West Berlin before WWII?

question: What state was officially not a part of Britain?

text: West Berlin

question: What was created in 1959 in Germany?

text: the Federal Republic

question: What is one of the administrations of the eastern states?

text: British

question: What was founded before World War II?

text: Federal Republic of Germany

question: What area has always been a part of the Federal Republic of Germany?

text: West Berlin

question: Which war was the Federal Republic of Germany created before?

text: World War II


text: The Odrysian Kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes under the kings of the powerful Odrysian tribe centered around the region of Thrace. Various parts of Thrace were under Macedonian rule under Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, Lysimachus, Ptolemy II, and Philip V but were also often ruled by their own kings. The Thracians and Agrianes were widely used by Alexander as peltasts and light cavalry, forming about one fifth of his army. The Diadochi also used Thracian mercenaries in their armies and they were also used as colonists. The Odrysians used Greek as the language of administration and of the nobility. The nobility also adopted Greek fashions in dress, ornament and military equipment, spreading it to the other tribes. Thracian kings were among the first to be Hellenized.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: The

text: Odrysian

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: a

text: union

text: of

text: Thracian

text: tribes

text: under

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: the

text: powerful

text: Odrysian

text: tribe

text: centered

text: around

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Thrace

text: Various

text: parts

text: of

text: Thrace

text: were

text: under

text: Macedonian

text: rule

text: under

text: Philip

text: II

text: of

text: Macedon

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: Lysimachus

text: Ptolemy

text: II

text: and

text: Philip

text: V

text: but

text: were

text: also

text: often

text: ruled

text: by

text: their

text: own

text: kings

text: The

text: Thracians

text: and

text: Agrianes

text: were

text: widely

text: used

text: by

text: Alexander

text: as

text: peltasts

text: and

text: light

text: cavalry

text: forming

text: about

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: his

text: army

text: The

text: Diadochi

text: also

text: used

text: Thracian

text: mercenaries

text: in

text: their

text: armies

text: and

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: colonists

text: The

text: Odrysians

text: used

text: Greek

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: administration

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: The

text: nobility

text: also

text: adopted

text: Greek

text: fashions

text: in

text: dress

text: ornament

text: and

text: military

text: equipment

text: spreading

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: tribes

text: Thracian

text: kings

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: be

text: Hellenized

question: What region was the center of the Odrysian Kingdom?

answer: Thrace

text: Thrace

question: Who used Thracians and Agrianes as light cavalry?

answer: Alexander

text: Alexander

question: What fraction of Alexander's army was made up of Thracians and Agrianes?

answer: one fifth

text: one fifth

question: What language was spoken by the Odrysians?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: Which kings wre among the first to be Hellenized?

answer: Thracian

text: Thracian


text: Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight Han Banners (zh), and around the time of the Qing takeover of Beijing, their numbers rapidly swelled. Han Bannermen held high status and power in the early Qing period, especially immediately after the conquest during Shunzhi and Kangxi's reign where they dominated Governor-Generalships and Governorships across China at the expense of both Manchu Bannermen and Han civilians. Han also numerically dominated the Banners up until the mid 18th century. European visitors in Beijing called them "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese". It was in Qianlong's reign that the Qianlong Emperor, concerned about maintaining Manchu identity, re-emphasized Manchu ethnicity, ancestry, language, and culture in the Eight Banners and started a mass discharge of Han Bannermen from the Eight Banners, either asking them to voluntarily resign from the Banner rolls or striking their names off. This led to a change from Han majority to a Manchu majority within the Banner system, and previous Han Bannermen garrisons in southern China such as at Fuzhou, Zhenjiang, Guangzhou, were replaced by Manchu Bannermen in the purge, which started in 1754. The turnover by Qianlong most heavily impacted Han banner garrisons stationed in the provinces while it less impacted Han Bannermen in Beijing, leaving a larger proportion of remaining Han Bannermen in Beijing than the provinces. Han Bannermen's status was decreased from that point on with Manchu Banners gaining higher status. Han Bannermen numbered 75% in 1648 Shunzhi's reign, 72% in 1723 Yongzheng's reign, but decreased to 43% in 1796 during the first year of Jiaqing's reign, which was after Qianlong's purge. The mass discharge was known as the Disbandment of the Han Banners (zh). Qianlong directed most of his ire at those Han Bannermen descended from defectors who joined the Qing after the Qing passed through the Great Wall at Shanhai Pass in 1644, deeming their ancestors as traitors to the Ming and therefore untrustworthy, while retaining Han Bannermen who were descended from defectors who joined the Qing before 1644 in Liaodong and marched through Shanhai pass, also known as those who "followed the Dragon through the pass" (從龍入關; cong long ru guan).

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: Banner

text: Armies

text: were

text: organized

text: along

text: ethnic

text: lines

text: namely

text: Manchu

text: and

text: Mongol

text: but

text: included

text: non

text: Manchu

text: bondservants

text: registered

text: under

text: the

text: household

text: of

text: their

text: Manchu

text: masters

text: The

text: years

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: conquest

text: increased

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: under

text: Manchu

text: rule

text: leading

text: Hong

text: Taiji

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: Eight

text: Han

text: Banners

text: zh

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: takeover

text: of

text: Beijing

text: their

text: numbers

text: rapidly

text: swelled

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: held

text: high

text: status

text: and

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Qing

text: period

text: especially

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: conquest

text: during

text: Shunzhi

text: and

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: reign

text: where

text: they

text: dominated

text: Governor

text: Generalships

text: and

text: Governorships

text: across

text: China

text: at

text: the

text: expense

text: of

text: both

text: Manchu

text: Bannermen

text: and

text: Han

text: civilians

text: Han

text: also

text: numerically

text: dominated

text: the

text: Banners

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: European

text: visitors

text: in

text: Beijing

text: called

text: them

text: Tartarized

text: Chinese

text: or

text: Tartarified

text: Chinese

text: It

text: was

text: in

text: Qianlong

text: 's

text: reign

text: that

text: the

text: Qianlong

text: Emperor

text: concerned

text: about

text: maintaining

text: Manchu

text: identity

text: re

text: emphasized

text: Manchu

text: ethnicity

text: ancestry

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: and

text: started

text: a

text: mass

text: discharge

text: of

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: from

text: the

text: Eight

text: Banners

text: either

text: asking

text: them

text: to

text: voluntarily

text: resign

text: from

text: the

text: Banner

text: rolls

text: or

text: striking

text: their

text: names

text: off

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: change

text: from

text: Han

text: majority

text: to

text: a

text: Manchu

text: majority

text: within

text: the

text: Banner

text: system

text: and

text: previous

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: garrisons

text: in

text: southern

text: China

text: such

text: as

text: at

text: Fuzhou

text: Zhenjiang

text: Guangzhou

text: were

text: replaced

text: by

text: Manchu

text: Bannermen

text: in

text: the

text: purge

text: which

text: started

text: in

text: The

text: turnover

text: by

text: Qianlong

text: most

text: heavily

text: impacted

text: Han

text: banner

text: garrisons

text: stationed

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: while

text: it

text: less

text: impacted

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: in

text: Beijing

text: leaving

text: a

text: larger

text: proportion

text: of

text: remaining

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: in

text: Beijing

text: than

text: the

text: provinces

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: 's

text: status

text: was

text: decreased

text: from

text: that

text: point

text: on

text: with

text: Manchu

text: Banners

text: gaining

text: higher

text: status

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: numbered

text: in

text: Shunzhi

text: 's

text: reign

text: in

text: Yongzheng

text: 's

text: reign

text: but

text: decreased

text: to

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: Jiaqing

text: 's

text: reign

text: which

text: was

text: after

text: Qianlong

text: 's

text: purge

text: The

text: mass

text: discharge

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Disbandment

text: of

text: the

text: Han

text: Banners

text: zh

text: Qianlong

text: directed

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: ire

text: at

text: those

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: descended

text: from

text: defectors

text: who

text: joined

text: the

text: Qing

text: after

text: the

text: Qing

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: Great

text: Wall

text: at

text: Shanhai

text: Pass

text: in

text: deeming

text: their

text: ancestors

text: as

text: traitors

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: and

text: therefore

text: untrustworthy

text: while

text: retaining

text: Han

text: Bannermen

text: who

text: were

text: descended

text: from

text: defectors

text: who

text: joined

text: the

text: Qing

text: before

text: in

text: Liaodong

text: and

text: marched

text: through

text: Shanhai

text: pass

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: those

text: who

text: followed

text: the

text: Dragon

text: through

text: the

text: pass

text: 從龍入關

text: cong

text: long

text: ru

text: guan

question: How were Banner's organized?

answer: along ethnic lines

text: along ethnic lines

question: Which two ethnicities made up the majority of the Banner Armies?

answer: Manchu and Mongol

text: Manchu and Mongol

question: Which ethnicity dominated the army in the reigns of Shunzhi and Kangxi?

answer: Han Bannermen

text: Han Bannermen

question: What did the Europeans call Han Bannermen?

answer: "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese"

text: "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese"

question: When did Manchu ethnicity become important again in the Eight Banners?

answer: Qianlong's reign

text: Qianlong's reign


text: French-speaking naturalists in several countries showed appreciation of the much modified French translation by Clémence Royer, but Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism. The intelligentsia in Russia had accepted the general phenomenon of evolution for several years before Darwin had published his theory, and scientists were quick to take it into account, although the Malthusian aspects were felt to be relatively unimportant. The political economy of struggle was criticised as a British stereotype by Karl Marx and by Leo Tolstoy, who had the character Levin in his novel Anna Karenina voice sharp criticism of the morality of Darwin's views.

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

title: On_the_Origin_of_Species

text: French

text: speaking

text: naturalists

text: in

text: several

text: countries

text: showed

text: appreciation

text: of

text: the

text: much

text: modified

text: French

text: translation

text: by

text: Clémence

text: Royer

text: but

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: ideas

text: had

text: little

text: impact

text: in

text: France

text: where

text: any

text: scientists

text: supporting

text: evolutionary

text: ideas

text: opted

text: for

text: a

text: form

text: of

text: Lamarckism

text: The

text: intelligentsia

text: in

text: Russia

text: had

text: accepted

text: the

text: general

text: phenomenon

text: of

text: evolution

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: before

text: Darwin

text: had

text: published

text: his

text: theory

text: and

text: scientists

text: were

text: quick

text: to

text: take

text: it

text: into

text: account

text: although

text: the

text: Malthusian

text: aspects

text: were

text: felt

text: to

text: be

text: relatively

text: unimportant

text: The

text: political

text: economy

text: of

text: struggle

text: was

text: criticised

text: as

text: a

text: British

text: stereotype

text: by

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: and

text: by

text: Leo

text: Tolstoy

text: who

text: had

text: the

text: character

text: Levin

text: in

text: his

text: novel

text: Anna

text: Karenina

text: voice

text: sharp

text: criticism

text: of

text: the

text: morality

text: of

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: views

question: What was the general feeling toward Darwin's ideas in France?

answer: Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism

text: Darwin's ideas had little impact in France, where any scientists supporting evolutionary ideas opted for a form of Lamarckism

question: What people in what country had embraced the idea of evolution for many years before Darwin published his theory?

answer: The intelligentsia in Russia

text: The intelligentsia in Russia

question: Which aspects of evolution theory were thought to be unimportant by many who read Darwin's work?

answer: the Malthusian aspects

text: the Malthusian aspects

question: Which author voiced his displeasure of the morality of Darwin's views in a novel?

answer: Leo Tolstoy

text: Leo Tolstoy


text: The Westminster Confession is "The principal subordinate standard of the Church of Scotland" but "with due regard to liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith" (V). This formulation represents many years of struggle over the extent to which the confession reflects the Word of God and the struggle of conscience of those who came to believe it did not fully do so (e.g. William Robertson Smith). Some Presbyterian Churches, such as the Free Church of Scotland, have no such "conscience clause".

title: Presbyterianism

title: Presbyterianism

text: The

text: Westminster

text: Confession

text: is

text: The

text: principal

text: subordinate

text: standard

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: but

text: with

text: due

text: regard

text: to

text: liberty

text: of

text: opinion

text: in

text: points

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: enter

text: into

text: the

text: substance

text: of

text: the

text: Faith

text: V

text: This

text: formulation

text: represents

text: many

text: years

text: of

text: struggle

text: over

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: confession

text: reflects

text: the

text: Word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: struggle

text: of

text: conscience

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: came

text: to

text: believe

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: fully

text: do

text: so

text: e.g.

text: William

text: Robertson

text: Smith

text: Some

text: Presbyterian

text: Churches

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Free

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: have

text: no

text: such

text: conscience

text: clause

question: To the church of Scotland, what is the sub standard doctrine?

answer: The Westminster Confession

text: The Westminster Confession

question: Who was one person who did not fully believe the struggle of conscience?

answer: William Robertson Smith

text: William Robertson Smith

question: The Free Church in Scotland  has something in place that only a few churches have implemented, what is it called?

answer: conscience clause

text: conscience clause

question: What is the subordinate standard doctrine to the Word of God?

text: The Westminster Confession

question: Who believed fully in the Word of God?

text: William Robertson Smith

question: Which is an example of a church that has such a conscience clause?

text: Free Church of Scotland

question: Which is the principal standard of the Church of Faith?

text: The Westminster Confession


text: As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 45.1% White, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino, 2.7% Chinese, 2.5% Vietnamese, 1.3% Indian, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.4% Laotian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Thai). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 12.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican.

title: San_Diego

title: San_Diego

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: That

text: represents

text: a

text: population

text: increase

text: of

text: just

text: under

text: from

text: the

text: people

text: households

text: and

text: families

text: reported

text: in

text: The

text: estimated

text: city

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: The

text: population

text: density

text: was

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: The

text: racial

text: makeup

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: was

text: White

text: African

text: American

text: Native

text: American

text: Asian

text: Filipino

text: Chinese

text: Vietnamese

text: Indian

text: Korean

text: Japanese

text: Laotian

text: Cambodian

text: Thai

text: Pacific

text: Islander

text: Guamanian

text: Samoan

text: Native

text: Hawaiian

text: from

text: other

text: races

text: and

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: races

text: The

text: ethnic

text: makeup

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: Hispanic

text: or

text: Latino

text: of

text: any

text: race

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: were

text: Mexican

text: American

text: and

text: were

text: Puerto

text: Rican

question: What was the population density of San Diego in 2009?

answer: 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)

text: 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)

question: What ethnicity made up 15.9.% of San Diego's population in 2009?

answer: Asian

text: Asian

question: In 2009, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?

answer: 28.8%

question: What was San Diego's population at the time of the 2010 census?

answer: 1,307,402

question: What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2010?

answer: just under 7%

text: just under 7%

question: What was the population density of San Diego in 2008?

question: What ethnicity made up 19.5.% of San Diego's population in 2009?

text: Asian

question: In 2008, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?

question: What was San Diego's population at the time of the 2012 census?

question: What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2011?

text: just under 7%


text: The language of treaties, like that of any law or contract, must be interpreted when the wording does not seem clear or it is not immediately apparent how it should be applied in a perhaps unforeseen circumstance. The Vienna Convention states that treaties are to be interpreted "in good faith" according to the "ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in the light of its object and purpose." International legal experts also often invoke the 'principle of maximum effectiveness,' which interprets treaty language as having the fullest force and effect possible to establish obligations between the parties.

title: Treaty

title: Treaty

text: The

text: language

text: of

text: treaties

text: like

text: that

text: of

text: any

text: law

text: or

text: contract

text: must

text: be

text: interpreted

text: when

text: the

text: wording

text: does

text: not

text: seem

text: clear

text: or

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: immediately

text: apparent

text: how

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: applied

text: in

text: a

text: perhaps

text: unforeseen

text: circumstance

text: The

text: Vienna

text: Convention

text: states

text: that

text: treaties

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: interpreted

text: in

text: good

text: faith

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: ordinary

text: meaning

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: treaty

text: in

text: their

text: context

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: its

text: object

text: and

text: purpose

text: International

text: legal

text: experts

text: also

text: often

text: invoke

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: maximum

text: effectiveness

text: which

text: interprets

text: treaty

text: language

text: as

text: having

text: the

text: fullest

text: force

text: and

text: effect

text: possible

text: to

text: establish

text: obligations

text: between

text: the

text: parties

question: What principle is often invoked by legal experts when interpreting the language of treaties?

answer: principle of maximum effectiveness

text: principle of maximum effectiveness

question: The principle of maximum effectiveness interprets the language of treaties as having what effect to establish obligations between parties?

answer: the fullest force and effect

text: the fullest force and effect

question: What states that treaties are to be interpreted "in good faith" according to the "ordinary meaning given to the terms of the treaty in their context and in light of its object and purpose?"

answer: The Vienna Convention

text: The Vienna Convention

question: What property of treaties must often be interpreted when it's not clear?

answer: The language

text: The language

question: Besides unclear language what might also arise that necessitates the interpretation of the language of a treaty?

answer: a perhaps unforeseen circumstance

text: a perhaps unforeseen circumstance


text: Age, diameter, height, radial growth, geographical location, site and growing conditions, silvicultural treatment, and seed source, all to some degree influence wood density. Variation is to be expected. Within an individual tree, the variation in wood density is often as great as or even greater than that between different trees (Timell 1986). Variation of specific gravity within the bole of a tree can occur in either the horizontal or vertical direction. :)

title: Wood

title: Wood

text: Age

text: diameter

text: height

text: radial

text: growth

text: geographical

text: location

text: site

text: and

text: growing

text: conditions

text: silvicultural

text: treatment

text: and

text: seed

text: source

text: all

text: to

text: some

text: degree

text: influence

text: wood

text: density

text: Variation

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: expected

text: Within

text: an

text: individual

text: tree

text: the

text: variation

text: in

text: wood

text: density

text: is

text: often

text: as

text: great

text: as

text: or

text: even

text: greater

text: than

text: that

text: between

text: different

text: trees

text: Timell

text: Variation

text: of

text: specific

text: gravity

text: within

text: the

text: bole

text: of

text: a

text: tree

text: can

text: occur

text: in

text: either

text: the

text: horizontal

text: or

text: vertical

text: direction

question: What should be anticipated because of the many factors that influence wood's density?

answer: Variation

text: Variation

question: What specific type of growth has an effect on the density of wood?

answer: radial

text: radial

question: Which part of a tree can have vertical or horizontal variation in its specific gravity?

answer: bole

text: bole

question: Variation in what measurement is sometimes greater within one tree than from one tree to another?

answer: density

text: density

question: What tiny object's source plays a role in determining wood density?

answer: seed

text: seed


text: In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women.

title: Bern

title: Bern

text: In

text: Bern

text: about

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: have

text: completed

text: non

text: mandatory

text: upper

text: secondary

text: education

text: and

text: or

text: have

text: completed

text: additional

text: higher

text: education

text: either

text: university

text: or

text: a

text: Fachhochschule

text: Of

text: the

text: who

text: completed

text: tertiary

text: schooling

text: were

text: Swiss

text: men

text: were

text: Swiss

text: women

text: were

text: non

text: Swiss

text: men

text: and

text: were

text: non

text: Swiss

text: women

question: What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education?

answer: 39.2%

question: What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education?

answer: 18.9%

question: The majority of the population to finish tertiary schooling in bern are what people?

answer: Swiss men

text: Swiss men


text: According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

title: United_Nations_Population_Fund

text: According

text: to

text: UNFPA

text: these

text: elements

text: promote

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: reproductive

text: health

text: that

text: is

text: physical

text: mental

text: and

text: social

text: health

text: in

text: matters

text: related

text: to

text: reproduction

text: and

text: the

text: reproductive

text: system

question: UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?

answer: reproductive health

text: reproductive health

question: These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?

answer: the reproductive system

text: the reproductive system

question: What is the third element?

answer: social health

text: social health

question: UNFPA lists elements that neglect what human right?

text: reproductive health

question: These elements ignore health related to reproduction and what else?

text: the reproductive system

question: What element is not important to the UNFPA?

text: social health

question: What is not seen as a right to the UNFPA?

text: reproductive health


text: What drove circadian rhythms to evolve has been an enigmatic question. Previous hypotheses emphasized that photosensitive proteins and circadian rhythms may have originated together in the earliest cells, with the purpose of protecting replicating DNA from high levels of damaging ultraviolet radiation during the daytime. As a result, replication was relegated to the dark. However, evidence for this is lacking, since the simplest organisms with a circadian rhythm, the cyanobacteria, do the opposite of this - they divide more in the daytime. Recent studies instead highlight the importance of co-evolution of redox proteins with circadian oscillators in all three kingdoms of life following the Great Oxidation Event approximately 2.3 billion years ago. The current view is that circadian changes in environmental oxygen levels and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of daylight are likely to have driven a need to evolve circadian rhythms to preempt, and therefore counteract, damaging redox reactions on a daily basis.

title: Circadian_rhythm

title: Circadian_rhythm

text: What

text: drove

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: to

text: evolve

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: enigmatic

text: question

text: Previous

text: hypotheses

text: emphasized

text: that

text: photosensitive

text: proteins

text: and

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: may

text: have

text: originated

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: earliest

text: cells

text: with

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: protecting

text: replicating

text: DNA

text: from

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: damaging

text: ultraviolet

text: radiation

text: during

text: the

text: daytime

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: replication

text: was

text: relegated

text: to

text: the

text: dark

text: However

text: evidence

text: for

text: this

text: is

text: lacking

text: since

text: the

text: simplest

text: organisms

text: with

text: a

text: circadian

text: rhythm

text: the

text: cyanobacteria

text: do

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: this

text: they

text: divide

text: more

text: in

text: the

text: daytime

text: Recent

text: studies

text: instead

text: highlight

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: co

text: evolution

text: of

text: redox

text: proteins

text: with

text: circadian

text: oscillators

text: in

text: all

text: three

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: life

text: following

text: the

text: Great

text: Oxidation

text: Event

text: approximately

text: billion

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: current

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: circadian

text: changes

text: in

text: environmental

text: oxygen

text: levels

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: reactive

text: oxygen

text: species

text: ROS

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: daylight

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: have

text: driven

text: a

text: need

text: to

text: evolve

text: circadian

text: rhythms

text: to

text: preempt

text: and

text: therefore

text: counteract

text: damaging

text: redox

text: reactions

text: on

text: a

text: daily

text: basis

question: What is theorized to have evolved with circadian rhythms?

answer: photosensitive proteins

text: photosensitive proteins

question: What is thought that circadian rhythm evolved to protect?

answer: replicating DNA

text: replicating DNA

question: From what did  DNA need to be protected in the earliest cells?

answer: ultraviolet radiation

text: ultraviolet radiation

question: One possible reason for the development of the circadian system is the need to counteract what ?

answer: redox reactions

text: redox reactions

question: What environmental event occurred 2.3 million years ago?

answer: Great Oxidation Event

text: Great Oxidation Event

question: What type of proteins developed as a result of circadian rhythms?

text: photosensitive

question: What developed to protect replicating DNA from ultraviolet radiation and night?

question: What type of replication is only done during the day?

text: DNA

question: What simple organism provides evidence the DNA replicates at night?

text: cyanobacteria

question: What event occurred approximately 2.3 million years ago?

text: Great Oxidation Event


text: At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Edition platform. In 2008, Gates and president of Entertainment & Devices Robbie Bach announced a partnership with BT in the United Kingdom, in which the BT Vision advanced TV service, using the newer Microsoft Mediaroom IPTV platform, would be accessible via Xbox 360, planned for the middle of the year. BT Vision's DVR-based features would not be available on Xbox 360 due to limited hard drive capacity. In 2010, while announcing version 2.0 of Microsoft Mediaroom, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer mentioned that AT&T's U-verse IPTV service would enable Xbox 360s to be used as set-top boxes later in the year. As of January 2010, IPTV on Xbox 360 has yet to be deployed beyond limited trials.

title: Xbox_360

title: Xbox_360

text: At

text: the

text: and

text: Consumer

text: Electronics

text: Shows

text: Microsoft

text: had

text: announced

text: that

text: IPTV

text: services

text: would

text: soon

text: be

text: made

text: available

text: to

text: use

text: through

text: the

text: Xbox

text: In

text: Microsoft

text: chairman

text: Bill

text: Gates

text: stated

text: that

text: IPTV

text: on

text: Xbox

text: was

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: available

text: to

text: consumers

text: by

text: the

text: holiday

text: season

text: using

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: TV

text: IPTV

text: Edition

text: platform

text: In

text: Gates

text: and

text: president

text: of

text: Entertainment

text: Devices

text: Robbie

text: Bach

text: announced

text: a

text: partnership

text: with

text: BT

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: BT

text: Vision

text: advanced

text: TV

text: service

text: using

text: the

text: newer

text: Microsoft

text: Mediaroom

text: IPTV

text: platform

text: would

text: be

text: accessible

text: via

text: Xbox

text: planned

text: for

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: BT

text: Vision

text: 's

text: DVR

text: based

text: features

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: available

text: on

text: Xbox

text: due

text: to

text: limited

text: hard

text: drive

text: capacity

text: In

text: while

text: announcing

text: version

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: Mediaroom

text: Microsoft

text: CEO

text: Steve

text: Ballmer

text: mentioned

text: that

text: AT&T

text: 's

text: U

text: verse

text: IPTV

text: service

text: would

text: enable

text: Xbox

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: set

text: top

text: boxes

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: As

text: of

text: January

text: IPTV

text: on

text: Xbox

text: has

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: deployed

text: beyond

text: limited

text: trials

question: At what conventions did Microsoft announce IPTV support through the 360?

answer: Consumer Electronics Shows

text: Consumer Electronics Shows

question: Which Microsoft executive announced IPTV as "soon" in 2007?

answer: Bill Gates

text: Bill Gates

question: Who was Microsoft's president of Entertainment & Devices in 2008?

answer: Robbie Bach

text: Robbie Bach

question: What UK company did Microsoft partner with to bring IPTV to the 360?

answer: BT

text: BT

question: What Microsoft executive announced the launch of version 2.0 of Mediaroom?

answer: Steve Ballmer

text: Steve Ballmer

question: Who was the president of Microsoft in 2009?

text: Robbie Bach

question: Who is the CEO of BT?

text: Steve Ballmer

question: Where is the Entertainment & Devices branch located?

text: the United Kingdom

question: When were the DVR features made available?

question: When did IPTV launch beyond its initial beta testers?

text: January 2010


text: After the Kangxi Emperor's death in the winter of 1722, his fourth son, Prince Yong (雍親王), became the Yongzheng Emperor. In the later years of Kangxi's reign, Yongzheng and his brothers had fought, and there were rumours that he had usurped the throne(most of the rumours believe that Yongzheng's brother Yingzhen (Kangxi's 14th son) is the real successor of Kangxi Emperor, the reason why Yingzhen failed to sit on the throne is because Yongzheng and his confidant Keduo Long tampered the content of Kangxi's testament at the night when Kangxi passed away), a charge for which there is little evidence. In fact, his father had trusted him with delicate political issues and discussed state policy with him. When Yongzheng came to power at the age of 45, he felt a sense of urgency about the problems which had accumulated in his father's later years and did not need instruction in how to exercise power. In the words of one recent historian, he was "severe, suspicious, and jealous, but extremely capable and resourceful," and in the words of another, turned out to be an "early modern state-maker of the first order."

title: Qing_dynasty

title: Qing_dynasty

text: After

text: the

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: his

text: fourth

text: son

text: Prince

text: Yong

text: 雍親王

text: became

text: the

text: Yongzheng

text: Emperor

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: years

text: of

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: reign

text: Yongzheng

text: and

text: his

text: brothers

text: had

text: fought

text: and

text: there

text: were

text: rumours

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: usurped

text: the

text: throne(most

text: of

text: the

text: rumours

text: believe

text: that

text: Yongzheng

text: 's

text: brother

text: Yingzhen

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: son

text: is

text: the

text: real

text: successor

text: of

text: Kangxi

text: Emperor

text: the

text: reason

text: why

text: Yingzhen

text: failed

text: to

text: sit

text: on

text: the

text: throne

text: is

text: because

text: Yongzheng

text: and

text: his

text: confidant

text: Keduo

text: Long

text: tampered

text: the

text: content

text: of

text: Kangxi

text: 's

text: testament

text: at

text: the

text: night

text: when

text: Kangxi

text: passed

text: away

text: a

text: charge

text: for

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: In

text: fact

text: his

text: father

text: had

text: trusted

text: him

text: with

text: delicate

text: political

text: issues

text: and

text: discussed

text: state

text: policy

text: with

text: him

text: When

text: Yongzheng

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: he

text: felt

text: a

text: sense

text: of

text: urgency

text: about

text: the

text: problems

text: which

text: had

text: accumulated

text: in

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: later

text: years

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: need

text: instruction

text: in

text: how

text: to

text: exercise

text: power

text: In

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: one

text: recent

text: historian

text: he

text: was

text: severe

text: suspicious

text: and

text: jealous

text: but

text: extremely

text: capable

text: and

text: resourceful

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: another

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: early

text: modern

text: state

text: maker

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: order

question: When did Kangxi die?

answer: 1722

question: Who took Kangxi's place?

answer: Prince Yong

text: Prince Yong

question: How old was Yongzheng when he took over?

answer: 45


text: Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.

title: Solar_energy

title: Solar_energy

text: Solar

text: technologies

text: are

text: broadly

text: characterized

text: as

text: either

text: passive

text: or

text: active

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: they

text: capture

text: convert

text: and

text: distribute

text: sunlight

text: and

text: enable

text: solar

text: energy

text: to

text: be

text: harnessed

text: at

text: different

text: levels

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: mostly

text: depending

text: on

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: equator

text: Although

text: solar

text: energy

text: refers

text: primarily

text: to

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: solar

text: radiation

text: for

text: practical

text: ends

text: all

text: renewable

text: energies

text: other

text: than

text: geothermal

text: and

text: tidal

text: derive

text: their

text: energy

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: in

text: a

text: direct

text: or

text: indirect

text: way

question: Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from?

answer: the Sun

text: the Sun

question: How are solar technologies defined?

answer: passive or active

text: passive or active

question: What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active?

answer: depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight

text: depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight

question: Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun?

answer: geothermal and tidal

text: geothermal and tidal

question: How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun?

answer: direct or indirect

text: direct or indirect


text: Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea. Enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center are widespread in biochemistry, such as alcohol dehydrogenase in humans. Consumption of excess zinc can cause ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency.

title: Zinc

title: Zinc

text: Zinc

text: is

text: an

text: essential

text: mineral

text: perceived

text: by

text: the

text: public

text: today

text: as

text: being

text: of

text: exceptional

text: biologic

text: and

text: public

text: health

text: importance

text: especially

text: regarding

text: prenatal

text: and

text: postnatal

text: development

text: Zinc

text: deficiency

text: affects

text: about

text: two

text: billion

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: many

text: diseases

text: In

text: children

text: it

text: causes

text: growth

text: retardation

text: delayed

text: sexual

text: maturation

text: infection

text: susceptibility

text: and

text: diarrhea

text: Enzymes

text: with

text: a

text: zinc

text: atom

text: in

text: the

text: reactive

text: center

text: are

text: widespread

text: in

text: biochemistry

text: such

text: as

text: alcohol

text: dehydrogenase

text: in

text: humans

text: Consumption

text: of

text: excess

text: zinc

text: can

text: cause

text: ataxia

text: lethargy

text: and

text: copper

text: deficiency

question: How many people are affected by zinc deficiency?

answer: two billion

text: two billion

question: What can consumption of excess zinc cause?

answer: ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency

text: ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency

question: Where can you find enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center?

answer: biochemistry,

text: biochemistry,

question: What can a lack of zinc cause in children?

answer: growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea

text: growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea

question: What is extremely important to prenatal and postnatal development?

answer: Zinc

text: Zinc

question: What can cause symptoms in children ranging from diarrhea to retarded growth?

answer: Zinc deficiency

text: Zinc deficiency

question: In what substance can you find a zinc atom within its reactive center?

answer: alcohol dehydrogenase

text: alcohol dehydrogenase

question: What causes symptoms such as lethargy and copper deficiency?

answer: excess zinc

text: excess zinc

question: How many people are affected by zinc immunity?

text: about two billion

question: What can consumption of normal zinc cause?

text: ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency

question: What can cause symptoms in plants ranging from diarrhea to retarded growth?

text: Zinc deficiency

question: What substance can you find a zinc atom without a center?

text: alcohol dehydrogenase

question: What causes symptoms such as leprosy and copper deficiency?

text: excess zinc


text: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of the USB 3.1 suite. It covers the Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference. Power Delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate Type-C features such as cable ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased VBUS currents, and VCONN-powered accessories.

title: USB

title: USB

text: The

text: USB

text: Power

text: Delivery

text: revision

text: specification

text: has

text: been

text: released

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: USB

text: suite

text: It

text: covers

text: the

text: Type

text: C

text: cable

text: and

text: connector

text: with

text: four

text: power

text: ground

text: pairs

text: and

text: a

text: separate

text: configuration

text: channel

text: which

text: now

text: hosts

text: a

text: DC

text: coupled

text: low

text: frequency

text: BMC

text: coded

text: data

text: channel

text: that

text: reduces

text: the

text: possibilities

text: for

text: RF

text: interference

text: Power

text: Delivery

text: protocols

text: have

text: been

text: updated

text: to

text: facilitate

text: Type

text: C

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: cable

text: ID

text: function

text: Alternate

text: Mode

text: negotiation

text: increased

text: VBUS

text: currents

text: and

text: VCONN

text: powered

text: accessories

question: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of what?

answer: USB 3.1

text: USB 3.1

question: What does the USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification cover?

answer: Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel

text: Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel

question: Power delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate what?

answer: Type-C features

text: Type-C features


text: Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy.

title: Eritrea

title: Eritrea

text: Following

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: UN

text: Resolution

text: in

text: December

text: Eritrea

text: was

text: federated

text: with

text: Ethiopia

text: under

text: the

text: prompting

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: resolution

text: called

text: for

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: be

text: linked

text: through

text: a

text: loose

text: federal

text: structure

text: under

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Eritrea

text: was

text: to

text: have

text: its

text: own

text: administrative

text: and

text: judicial

text: structure

text: its

text: own

text: flag

text: and

text: control

text: over

text: its

text: domestic

text: affairs

text: including

text: police

text: local

text: administration

text: and

text: taxation

text: The

text: federal

text: government

text: which

text: for

text: all

text: intents

text: and

text: purposes

text: was

text: the

text: existing

text: imperial

text: government

text: was

text: to

text: control

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: including

text: commerce

text: defense

text: finance

text: and

text: transportation

text: The

text: resolution

text: ignored

text: the

text: wishes

text: of

text: Eritreans

text: for

text: independence

text: but

text: guaranteed

text: the

text: population

text: democratic

text: rights

text: and

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: autonomy

question: Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950?

answer: United States

text: United States

question: Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor?

answer: 390A(V)

question: What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)??

answer: foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation

text: foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation

question: Which Eritrean wishes did Resolution 390A(V) ignore?

answer: independence

text: independence

question: What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea?

answer: democratic rights and a measure of autonomy

text: democratic rights and a measure of autonomy

question: What country was being led by an Emperor in 1950?

text: the United States

question: What Eritrean wishes did UN Resolution 390A(V) fulfill?

text: independence

question: What UN Resolution was adopted in November 1950?

question: What rights did UN Resolution 390A(V) give to Ethiopians?

text: democratic


text: Napoleon could be considered one of the founders of modern Germany. After dissolving the Holy Roman Empire, he reduced the number of German states from 300 to less than 50, paving the way to German Unification. A byproduct of the French occupation was a strong development in German nationalism. Napoleon also significantly aided the United States when he agreed to sell the territory of Louisiana for 15 million dollars during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. That territory almost doubled the size of the United States, adding the equivalent of 13 states to the Union.

title: Napoleon

title: Napoleon

text: Napoleon

text: could

text: be

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: modern

text: Germany

text: After

text: dissolving

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: he

text: reduced

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: German

text: states

text: from

text: to

text: less

text: than

text: paving

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: German

text: Unification

text: A

text: byproduct

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: occupation

text: was

text: a

text: strong

text: development

text: in

text: German

text: nationalism

text: Napoleon

text: also

text: significantly

text: aided

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: when

text: he

text: agreed

text: to

text: sell

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Louisiana

text: for

text: million

text: dollars

text: during

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: That

text: territory

text: almost

text: doubled

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: adding

text: the

text: equivalent

text: of

text: states

text: to

text: the

text: Union

question: Napoleon is viewed by some as a founder of what modern nation?

answer: Germany

text: Germany

question: What is the name of the empire Napoleon dissolved?

answer: the Holy Roman Empire

text: the Holy Roman Empire

question: How many German states were there before Napoleon began to reduce their numbers?

answer: 300

question: How many German states remained after Napoleon reduced their numbers?

answer: less than 50

text: less than 50

question: How much did Napoleon sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States for?

answer: 15 million dollars

text: 15 million dollars


text: Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers. At one point, its product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names. These models competed against Macintosh clones, hardware manufactured by third parties that ran Apple's System 7. This succeeded in increasing the Macintosh's market share somewhat, and provided cheaper hardware for consumers, but hurt Apple financially as existing Apple customers began to buy cheaper clones which cannibalized the sales of Apple's higher-margin Macintosh systems, yet Apple still shouldered the burden of developing the Mac OS platform.

title: Macintosh

title: Macintosh

text: Furthermore

text: Apple

text: had

text: created

text: too

text: many

text: similar

text: models

text: that

text: confused

text: potential

text: buyers

text: At

text: one

text: point

text: its

text: product

text: lineup

text: was

text: subdivided

text: into

text: Classic

text: LC

text: II

text: Quadra

text: Performa

text: and

text: Centris

text: models

text: with

text: essentially

text: the

text: same

text: computer

text: being

text: sold

text: under

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: names

text: These

text: models

text: competed

text: against

text: Macintosh

text: clones

text: hardware

text: manufactured

text: by

text: third

text: parties

text: that

text: ran

text: Apple

text: 's

text: System

text: This

text: succeeded

text: in

text: increasing

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: 's

text: market

text: share

text: somewhat

text: and

text: provided

text: cheaper

text: hardware

text: for

text: consumers

text: but

text: hurt

text: Apple

text: financially

text: as

text: existing

text: Apple

text: customers

text: began

text: to

text: buy

text: cheaper

text: clones

text: which

text: cannibalized

text: the

text: sales

text: of

text: Apple

text: 's

text: higher

text: margin

text: Macintosh

text: systems

text: yet

text: Apple

text: still

text: shouldered

text: the

text: burden

text: of

text: developing

text: the

text: Mac

text: OS

text: platform

question: What did Apple's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?

answer: confused potential buyers

text: confused potential buyers

question: What was the hardware manufactured by third parties for Apple's System 7 known as?

answer: Macintosh clones

text: Macintosh clones

question: What did the Macintosh clones provide for consumers?

answer: cheaper hardware

text: cheaper hardware

question: What did Macintosh clones succeed in increasing for Macintosh?

answer: market share

text: market share

question: Who did the Macintosh clones hurt financially?

answer: Apple

text: Apple

question: What did Microsoft's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?

text: confused potential buyers

question: What was the hardware manufactured by third parties for Apple's System 6 known as?

text: Macintosh clones

question: What did the Microsoft clones provide for consumers?

text: cheaper hardware

question: What did Macintosh clones succeed in decreasing for Macintosh?

text: market share

question: Who did the Macintosh clones help financially?

text: Apple


text: In order to enlist Stalin's support, Zhou and a Chinese delegation left for Moscow on 8 October, arriving there on 10 October at which point they flew to Stalin's home at the Black Sea. There they conferred with the top Soviet leadership which included Joseph Stalin as well as Vyacheslav Molotov, Lavrentiy Beria and Georgi Malenkov. Stalin initially agreed to send military equipment and ammunition, but warned Zhou that the Soviet Union's air force would need two or three months to prepare any operations. In a subsequent meeting, Stalin told Zhou that he would only provide China with equipment on a credit basis, and that the Soviet air force would only operate over Chinese airspace, and only after an undisclosed period of time. Stalin did not agree to send either military equipment or air support until March 1951. Mao did not find Soviet air support especially useful, as the fighting was going to take place on the south side of the Yalu. Soviet shipments of matériel, when they did arrive, were limited to small quantities of trucks, grenades, machine guns, and the like.

title: Korean_War

title: Korean_War

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: enlist

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: support

text: Zhou

text: and

text: a

text: Chinese

text: delegation

text: left

text: for

text: Moscow

text: on

text: October

text: arriving

text: there

text: on

text: October

text: at

text: which

text: point

text: they

text: flew

text: to

text: Stalin

text: 's

text: home

text: at

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: There

text: they

text: conferred

text: with

text: the

text: top

text: Soviet

text: leadership

text: which

text: included

text: Joseph

text: Stalin

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Vyacheslav

text: Molotov

text: Lavrentiy

text: Beria

text: and

text: Georgi

text: Malenkov

text: Stalin

text: initially

text: agreed

text: to

text: send

text: military

text: equipment

text: and

text: ammunition

text: but

text: warned

text: Zhou

text: that

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: 's

text: air

text: force

text: would

text: need

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: months

text: to

text: prepare

text: any

text: operations

text: In

text: a

text: subsequent

text: meeting

text: Stalin

text: told

text: Zhou

text: that

text: he

text: would

text: only

text: provide

text: China

text: with

text: equipment

text: on

text: a

text: credit

text: basis

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: Soviet

text: air

text: force

text: would

text: only

text: operate

text: over

text: Chinese

text: airspace

text: and

text: only

text: after

text: an

text: undisclosed

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: Stalin

text: did

text: not

text: agree

text: to

text: send

text: either

text: military

text: equipment

text: or

text: air

text: support

text: until

text: March

text: Mao

text: did

text: not

text: find

text: Soviet

text: air

text: support

text: especially

text: useful

text: as

text: the

text: fighting

text: was

text: going

text: to

text: take

text: place

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Yalu

text: Soviet

text: shipments

text: of

text: matériel

text: when

text: they

text: did

text: arrive

text: were

text: limited

text: to

text: small

text: quantities

text: of

text: trucks

text: grenades

text: machine

text: guns

text: and

text: the

text: like

question: Where did Zhou travel with a Chinese delegation to convince Stalin to support China?

answer: the Black Sea

text: the Black Sea

question: How long did the Soviet air force need to prepare to assist

answer: two or three months

text: two or three months

question: Where did Stalin say he would allow the Soviet air force to operate for a limited amount of time?

answer: Chinese airspace

text: Chinese airspace

question: When did Stalin agree to send China any type of support?

answer: March 1951

text: March 1951

question: Where did the fighting take place that rendered Soviet air support useless to the Chinese?

answer: the south side of the Yalu

text: the south side of the Yalu


text: On May 30, 2006, Taylor Hicks was named American Idol, with Katharine McPhee the runner-up. "Do I Make You Proud" was released as Hicks' first single and McPhee's was "My Destiny".

title: American_Idol

title: American_Idol

text: On

text: May

text: Taylor

text: Hicks

text: was

text: named

text: American

text: Idol

text: with

text: Katharine

text: McPhee

text: the

text: runner

text: up

text: Do

text: I

text: Make

text: You

text: Proud

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: Hicks

text: first

text: single

text: and

text: McPhee

text: 's

text: was

text: My

text: Destiny

question: Who was the winner American Idol in 2006?

answer: Taylor Hicks

text: Taylor Hicks

question: What was the name of the first song that Taylor Hicks released after winning American Idol?

answer: Do I Make You Proud

text: Do I Make You Proud

question: What was the first song that Katherine McPhee released after coming in second on American Idol?

answer: My Destiny

text: My Destiny

question: Who was the winner for this season?

answer: Taylor Hicks

text: Taylor Hicks

question: What was Hick's debut single?

answer: Do I Make You Proud

text: Do I Make You Proud

question: What was McPhee's first single?

answer: My Destiny

text: My Destiny


text: Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware database accelerators, connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are also used in large volume transaction processing environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications. DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to provide these functions. from databases before the inception of Structured Query Language (SQL). The data recovered was disparate, redundant and disorderly, since there was no proper method to fetch it and arrange it in a concrete structure.[citation needed]

title: Database

title: Database

text: Physically

text: database

text: servers

text: are

text: dedicated

text: computers

text: that

text: hold

text: the

text: actual

text: databases

text: and

text: run

text: only

text: the

text: DBMS

text: and

text: related

text: software

text: Database

text: servers

text: are

text: usually

text: multiprocessor

text: computers

text: with

text: generous

text: memory

text: and

text: RAID

text: disk

text: arrays

text: used

text: for

text: stable

text: storage

text: RAID

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: recovery

text: of

text: data

text: if

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: disks

text: fail

text: Hardware

text: database

text: accelerators

text: connected

text: to

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: servers

text: via

text: a

text: high

text: speed

text: channel

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: large

text: volume

text: transaction

text: processing

text: environments

text: DBMSs

text: are

text: found

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: most

text: database

text: applications

text: DBMSs

text: may

text: be

text: built

text: around

text: a

text: custom

text: multitasking

text: kernel

text: with

text: built

text: in

text: networking

text: support

text: but

text: modern

text: DBMSs

text: typically

text: rely

text: on

text: a

text: standard

text: operating

text: system

text: to

text: provide

text: these

text: functions

text: from

text: databases

text: before

text: the

text: inception

text: of

text: Structured

text: Query

text: Language

text: SQL

text: The

text: data

text: recovered

text: was

text: disparate

text: redundant

text: and

text: disorderly

text: since

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: proper

text: method

text: to

text: fetch

text: it

text: and

text: arrange

text: it

text: in

text: a

text: concrete

text: structure.[citation

text: needed

question: What is used to recover data if disks suffer a failure?

answer: RAID

text: RAID

question: How can large quantities of data be accessed?

answer: Hardware database accelerators

text: Hardware database accelerators

question: What do most database applications contain?

answer: DBMSs

text: DBMSs

question: What is required for a modern DBMS to function?

answer: standard operating system

text: standard operating system

question: What is used to destroy data if disks suffer a failure?

text: RAID

question: How can no quantities of data be accessed?

text: Hardware database accelerators

question: What do most database applications not integrate?

text: DBMS

question: What is required for a broken DBMS to function?

text: standard operating system

question: What are non-dedicated computers that hold databases called?

text: database servers


text: Glass has the ability to refract, reflect, and transmit light following geometrical optics, without scattering it. It is used in the manufacture of lenses and windows. Common glass has a refraction index around 1.5. This may be modified by adding low-density materials such as boron, which lowers the index of refraction (see crown glass), or increased (to as much as 1.8) with high-density materials such as (classically) lead oxide (see flint glass and lead glass), or in modern uses, less toxic oxides of zirconium, titanium, or barium. These high-index glasses (inaccurately known as "crystal" when used in glass vessels) cause more chromatic dispersion of light, and are prized for their diamond-like optical properties.

title: Glass

title: Glass

text: Glass

text: has

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: refract

text: reflect

text: and

text: transmit

text: light

text: following

text: geometrical

text: optics

text: without

text: scattering

text: it

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: lenses

text: and

text: windows

text: Common

text: glass

text: has

text: a

text: refraction

text: index

text: around

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: modified

text: by

text: adding

text: low

text: density

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: boron

text: which

text: lowers

text: the

text: index

text: of

text: refraction

text: see

text: crown

text: glass

text: or

text: increased

text: to

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: with

text: high

text: density

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: classically

text: lead

text: oxide

text: see

text: flint

text: glass

text: and

text: lead

text: glass

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: uses

text: less

text: toxic

text: oxides

text: of

text: zirconium

text: titanium

text: or

text: barium

text: These

text: high

text: index

text: glasses

text: inaccurately

text: known

text: as

text: crystal

text: when

text: used

text: in

text: glass

text: vessels

text: cause

text: more

text: chromatic

text: dispersion

text: of

text: light

text: and

text: are

text: prized

text: for

text: their

text: diamond

text: like

text: optical

text: properties

question: What can be used to make glass less refractive?

answer: boron

text: boron

question: What is the refraction index of typical glass?

answer: 1.5

question: What is a toxic additive that increases refraction?

answer: lead oxide

text: lead oxide

question: What are high-index glasses erroneously called?

answer: crystal

text: crystal

question: Why are high-index glasses valued?

answer: for their diamond-like optical properties

text: for their diamond-like optical properties

question: What can be used to make glass less dense?

text: boron

question: What is the refraction index of diamond?

question: What is a toxic additive that increases optics?

text: lead oxide

question: What is another name for chromatic dispersions?

text: crystal

question: Why are high-index glasses modified?


text: Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volumes. The city of Pergamon also had a large library and became a major center of book production. The island of Rhodes had a library and also boasted a famous finishing school for politics and diplomacy. Libraries were also present in Antioch, Pella, and Kos. Cicero was educated in Athens and Mark Antony in Rhodes. Antioch was founded as a metropolis and center of Greek learning which retained its status into the era of Christianity. Seleucia replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris.

title: Hellenistic_period

title: Hellenistic_period

text: Athens

text: retained

text: its

text: position

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: prestigious

text: seat

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: domains

text: of

text: philosophy

text: and

text: rhetoric

text: with

text: considerable

text: libraries

text: and

text: philosophical

text: schools

text: Alexandria

text: had

text: the

text: monumental

text: Museum

text: i.e.

text: research

text: center

text: and

text: Library

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: which

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: had

text: volumes

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Pergamon

text: also

text: had

text: a

text: large

text: library

text: and

text: became

text: a

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: book

text: production

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Rhodes

text: had

text: a

text: library

text: and

text: also

text: boasted

text: a

text: famous

text: finishing

text: school

text: for

text: politics

text: and

text: diplomacy

text: Libraries

text: were

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: Antioch

text: Pella

text: and

text: Kos

text: Cicero

text: was

text: educated

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: in

text: Rhodes

text: Antioch

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: a

text: metropolis

text: and

text: center

text: of

text: Greek

text: learning

text: which

text: retained

text: its

text: status

text: into

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: Christianity

text: Seleucia

text: replaced

text: Babylon

text: as

text: the

text: metropolis

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: Tigris

question: Which city held the most prestigious seat of higher education?

answer: Athens

text: Athens

question: What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes?

answer: Library of Alexandria

text: Library of Alexandria

question: Which city became a major center of book production?

answer: Pergamon

text: Pergamon

question: What island has a famous finishing school for diplomacy and politics?

answer: Rhodes

text: Rhodes

question: What replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris?

answer: Seleucia

text: Seleucia


text: Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies.

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay

text: Two

text: additional

text: teams

text: of

text: attendants

text: each

text: will

text: accompany

text: the

text: flame

text: on

text: its

text: Mainland

text: China

text: route

text: This

text: arrangement

text: has

text: however

text: sparked

text: several

text: controversies

question: How many additional teams will help with the Mainland China route?

answer: Two

text: Two

question: How many members are on each of these two teams?

answer: 40