text: The American Revolution begun with fighting at Lexington and Concord. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Although he was temporarily disabled by gout and unable to attend most meetings of the Committee, Franklin made several small changes to the draft sent to him by Thomas Jefferson.

title: Modern_history

title: Modern_history

text: The

text: American

text: Revolution

text: begun

text: with

text: fighting

text: at

text: Lexington

text: and

text: Concord

text: On

text: July

text: they

text: issued

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: which

text: proclaimed

text: their

text: independence

text: from

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: their

text: formation

text: of

text: a

text: cooperative

text: union

text: In

text: June

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: was

text: appointed

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Committee

text: of

text: Five

text: that

text: drafted

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: Although

text: he

text: was

text: temporarily

text: disabled

text: by

text: gout

text: and

text: unable

text: to

text: attend

text: most

text: meetings

text: of

text: the

text: Committee

text: Franklin

text: made

text: several

text: small

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: draft

text: sent

text: to

text: him

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

question: Where did the American Revolution start?

answer: Lexington and Concord

text: Lexington and Concord

question: What was issued on July 4, 1776?

answer: Declaration of Independence

text: Declaration of Independence

question: What did the Declaration Of Independence proclaim?

answer: independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.

text: independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.

question: What position was Ben Franklin appointed in 1776?

answer: member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.

text: member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.

question: What was Ben Franklin disabled by?

answer: gout

text: gout


text: In 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standardization of the Catalan language in La Franja.

title: Catalan_language

title: Catalan_language

text: In

text: the

text: Aragonese

text: government

text: passed

text: a

text: decree

text: for

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: a

text: new

text: language

text: regulator

text: of

text: Catalan

text: in

text: La

text: Franja

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Catalan

text: speaking

text: areas

text: of

text: Aragon

text: The

text: new

text: entity

text: designated

text: as

text: Acadèmia

text: Aragonesa

text: del

text: Català

text: shall

text: allow

text: a

text: facultative

text: education

text: in

text: Catalan

text: and

text: a

text: standardization

text: of

text: the

text: Catalan

text: language

text: in

text: La

text: Franja

question: Where is the Catalan speaking part of Aragon?

answer: La Franja

text: La Franja

question: When did the government of Aragon  degree the establishment of a language regulator?

answer: 2011

question: What language is the regulator meant to standardize?

answer: Catalan

text: Catalan

question: Where is the language to be regulated located?

answer: La Franja

text: La Franja


text: The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only to those who participated in battle. On the pattern of the Byzantine system the Umayyads reformed their army organization in general and divided it into five corps: the centre, two wings, vanguards and rearguards, following the same formation while on march or on a battle field. Marwan II (740–50) abandoned the old division and introduced Kurdus (cohort), a small compact body. The Umayyad troops were divided into three divisions: infantry, cavalry and artillery. Arab troops were dressed and armed in Greek fashion. The Umayyad cavalry used plain and round saddles. The artillery used arradah (ballista), manjaniq (the mangonel) and dabbabah or kabsh (the battering ram). The heavy engines, siege machines and baggage were carried on camels behind the army.

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

title: Umayyad_Caliphate

text: The

text: Diwan

text: of

text: Umar

text: assigning

text: annuities

text: to

text: all

text: Arabs

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Muslim

text: soldiers

text: of

text: other

text: races

text: underwent

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: The

text: Umayyads

text: meddled

text: with

text: the

text: register

text: and

text: the

text: recipients

text: regarded

text: pensions

text: as

text: the

text: subsistence

text: allowance

text: even

text: without

text: being

text: in

text: active

text: service

text: Hisham

text: reformed

text: it

text: and

text: paid

text: only

text: to

text: those

text: who

text: participated

text: in

text: battle

text: On

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: system

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: reformed

text: their

text: army

text: organization

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: divided

text: it

text: into

text: five

text: corps

text: the

text: centre

text: two

text: wings

text: vanguards

text: and

text: rearguards

text: following

text: the

text: same

text: formation

text: while

text: on

text: march

text: or

text: on

text: a

text: battle

text: field

text: Marwan

text: II

text: abandoned

text: the

text: old

text: division

text: and

text: introduced

text: Kurdus

text: cohort

text: a

text: small

text: compact

text: body

text: The

text: Umayyad

text: troops

text: were

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: divisions

text: infantry

text: cavalry

text: and

text: artillery

text: Arab

text: troops

text: were

text: dressed

text: and

text: armed

text: in

text: Greek

text: fashion

text: The

text: Umayyad

text: cavalry

text: used

text: plain

text: and

text: round

text: saddles

text: The

text: artillery

text: used

text: arradah

text: ballista

text: manjaniq

text: the

text: mangonel

text: and

text: dabbabah

text: or

text: kabsh

text: the

text: battering

text: ram

text: The

text: heavy

text: engines

text: siege

text: machines

text: and

text: baggage

text: were

text: carried

text: on

text: camels

text: behind

text: the

text: army

question: What is the meaning of the term Kurdus in English?

answer: cohort

text: cohort

question: What caliph reigned from 740 to 750?

answer: Marwan II

text: Marwan II

question: What style of dress did Arab troops wear under Marwan II?

answer: Greek

text: Greek

question: Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II?

answer: cavalry

text: cavalry

question: What did the Umayyads call the mangonel?

answer: manjaniq

text: manjaniq

question: Who didn't change the Diwan of Umar?

text: the Umayyads

question: What did the Byzantines pattern their army organization on?

text: the Umayyads

question: How many corps did the Byzantines have?

text: five

question: Who reintroduced the old division?

text: Marwan II

question: In what fashion were Greek troops armed?

text: Arab


text: The conventional merit-system degree is currently not as common in open education as it is in campus universities, although some open universities do already offer conventional degrees such as the Open University in the United Kingdom. Presently, many of the major open education sources offer their own form of certificate. Due to the popularity of open education, these new kind of academic certificates are gaining more respect and equal "academic value" to traditional degrees. Many open universities are working to have the ability to offer students standardized testing and traditional degrees and credentials. A culture is beginning to form around distance learning for people who are looking to social connections enjoyed on traditional campuses. For example, students may create study groups, meetups and movements such as UnCollege.

title: Education

title: Education

text: The

text: conventional

text: merit

text: system

text: degree

text: is

text: currently

text: not

text: as

text: common

text: in

text: open

text: education

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: campus

text: universities

text: although

text: some

text: open

text: universities

text: do

text: already

text: offer

text: conventional

text: degrees

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Open

text: University

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Presently

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: open

text: education

text: sources

text: offer

text: their

text: own

text: form

text: of

text: certificate

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: open

text: education

text: these

text: new

text: kind

text: of

text: academic

text: certificates

text: are

text: gaining

text: more

text: respect

text: and

text: equal

text: academic

text: value

text: to

text: traditional

text: degrees

text: Many

text: open

text: universities

text: are

text: working

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: offer

text: students

text: standardized

text: testing

text: and

text: traditional

text: degrees

text: and

text: credentials

text: A

text: culture

text: is

text: beginning

text: to

text: form

text: around

text: distance

text: learning

text: for

text: people

text: who

text: are

text: looking

text: to

text: social

text: connections

text: enjoyed

text: on

text: traditional

text: campuses

text: For

text: example

text: students

text: may

text: create

text: study

text: groups

text: meetups

text: and

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: UnCollege

question: What is not as common in open education?

answer: merit-system degree

text: merit-system degree

question: Which University offers conventional degrees?

answer: Open University in the United Kingdom

text: Open University in the United Kingdom

question: What do most open education sources offer?

answer: own form of certificate

text: own form of certificate

question: What is common in open education?

text: merit-system degree

question: Which University do not offer conventional degrees?

text: Open University in the United Kingdom.

question: What do open education sources never offer?

text: own form of certificate

question: What do not have equal academic value?

text: academic certificates

question: What is no longer forming around distance learning?

text: culture


text: Nearly 47% of Tajikistan's GDP comes from immigrant remittances (mostly from Tajiks working in Russia). The current economic situation remains fragile, largely owing to corruption, uneven economic reforms, and economic mismanagement. With foreign revenue precariously dependent upon remittances from migrant workers overseas and exports of aluminium and cotton, the economy is highly vulnerable to external shocks. In FY 2000, international assistance remained an essential source of support for rehabilitation programs that reintegrated former civil war combatants into the civilian economy, which helped keep the peace. International assistance also was necessary to address the second year of severe drought that resulted in a continued shortfall of food production. On August 21, 2001, the Red Cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan, and called for international aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, however access to food remains a problem today. In January 2012, 680,152 of the people living in Tajikistan were living with food insecurity. Out of those, 676,852 were at risk of Phase 3 (Acute Food and Livelihoods Crisis) food insecurity and 3,300 were at risk of Phase 4 (Humanitarian Emergency). Those with the highest risk of food insecurity were living in the remote Murghob District of GBAO.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: Nearly

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: 's

text: GDP

text: comes

text: from

text: immigrant

text: remittances

text: mostly

text: from

text: Tajiks

text: working

text: in

text: Russia

text: The

text: current

text: economic

text: situation

text: remains

text: fragile

text: largely

text: owing

text: to

text: corruption

text: uneven

text: economic

text: reforms

text: and

text: economic

text: mismanagement

text: With

text: foreign

text: revenue

text: precariously

text: dependent

text: upon

text: remittances

text: from

text: migrant

text: workers

text: overseas

text: and

text: exports

text: of

text: aluminium

text: and

text: cotton

text: the

text: economy

text: is

text: highly

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: external

text: shocks

text: In

text: FY

text: international

text: assistance

text: remained

text: an

text: essential

text: source

text: of

text: support

text: for

text: rehabilitation

text: programs

text: that

text: reintegrated

text: former

text: civil

text: war

text: combatants

text: into

text: the

text: civilian

text: economy

text: which

text: helped

text: keep

text: the

text: peace

text: International

text: assistance

text: also

text: was

text: necessary

text: to

text: address

text: the

text: second

text: year

text: of

text: severe

text: drought

text: that

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: continued

text: shortfall

text: of

text: food

text: production

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: Red

text: Cross

text: announced

text: that

text: a

text: famine

text: was

text: striking

text: Tajikistan

text: and

text: called

text: for

text: international

text: aid

text: for

text: Tajikistan

text: and

text: Uzbekistan

text: however

text: access

text: to

text: food

text: remains

text: a

text: problem

text: today

text: In

text: January

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: were

text: living

text: with

text: food

text: insecurity

text: Out

text: of

text: those

text: were

text: at

text: risk

text: of

text: Phase

text: Acute

text: Food

text: and

text: Livelihoods

text: Crisis

text: food

text: insecurity

text: and

text: were

text: at

text: risk

text: of

text: Phase

text: Humanitarian

text: Emergency

text: Those

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: risk

text: of

text: food

text: insecurity

text: were

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: remote

text: Murghob

text: District

text: of

text: GBAO

question: Nearly 87% of Tajikistan's GDP comes from what?

text: immigrant remittances

question: What situation remains robust?

text: The current economic situation

question: What is not vulnerable to external shocks?

text: the economy

question: The Red Cross announced a famine in Turkey on what day?

text: August 21, 2001

question: In January 2002, how many people in Tajikistan were living with food insecurity?


text: The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34), independent station KAUT-TV (channel 43), MyNetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52), and Ion Television owned-and-operated station KOPX-TV (channel 62). The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46).

title: Oklahoma_City

title: Oklahoma_City

text: The

text: major

text: U.S.

text: broadcast

text: television

text: networks

text: have

text: affiliates

text: in

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: market

text: ranked

text: for

text: television

text: by

text: Nielsen

text: and

text: for

text: radio

text: by

text: Arbitron

text: covering

text: a

text: area

text: serving

text: the

text: central

text: northern

text: central

text: and

text: west

text: central

text: sections

text: Oklahoma

text: including

text: NBC

text: affiliate

text: KFOR

text: TV

text: channel

text: ABC

text: affiliate

text: KOCO

text: TV

text: channel

text: CBS

text: affiliate

text: KWTV

text: DT

text: channel

text: the

text: flagship

text: of

text: locally

text: based

text: Griffin

text: Communications

text: PBS

text: station

text: KETA

text: TV

text: channel

text: the

text: flagship

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: run

text: OETA

text: member

text: network

text: Fox

text: affiliate

text: KOKH

text: TV

text: channel

text: CW

text: affiliate

text: KOCB

text: channel

text: independent

text: station

text: KAUT

text: TV

text: channel

text: MyNetworkTV

text: affiliate

text: KSBI

text: TV

text: channel

text: and

text: Ion

text: Television

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: station

text: KOPX

text: TV

text: channel

text: The

text: market

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: religious

text: stations

text: including

text: TBN

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: station

text: KTBO

text: TV

text: channel

text: and

text: Norman

text: based

text: Daystar

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: station

text: KOCM

text: channel

question: What rank is Oklahoma Cities television networks for Nielsen?

answer: 41st

question: How many counties does Oklahoma Cities Networks cover?

answer: 34


text: The first part of the campaign went well, with John outmanoeuvring the forces under the command of Prince Louis and retaking the county of Anjou by the end of June. John besieged the castle of Roche-au-Moine, a key stronghold, forcing Louis to give battle against John's larger army. The local Angevin nobles refused to advance with the king; left at something of a disadvantage, John retreated back to La Rochelle. Shortly afterwards, Philip won the hard-fought battle of Bouvines in the north against Otto and John's other allies, bringing an end to John's hopes of retaking Normandy. A peace agreement was signed in which John returned Anjou to Philip and paid the French king compensation; the truce was intended to last for six years. John arrived back in England in October.

title: John,_King_of_England

title: John,_King_of_England

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: campaign

text: went

text: well

text: with

text: John

text: outmanoeuvring

text: the

text: forces

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Prince

text: Louis

text: and

text: retaking

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Anjou

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: June

text: John

text: besieged

text: the

text: castle

text: of

text: Roche

text: au

text: Moine

text: a

text: key

text: stronghold

text: forcing

text: Louis

text: to

text: give

text: battle

text: against

text: John

text: 's

text: larger

text: army

text: The

text: local

text: Angevin

text: nobles

text: refused

text: to

text: advance

text: with

text: the

text: king

text: left

text: at

text: something

text: of

text: a

text: disadvantage

text: John

text: retreated

text: back

text: to

text: La

text: Rochelle

text: Shortly

text: afterwards

text: Philip

text: won

text: the

text: hard

text: fought

text: battle

text: of

text: Bouvines

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: against

text: Otto

text: and

text: John

text: 's

text: other

text: allies

text: bringing

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: John

text: 's

text: hopes

text: of

text: retaking

text: Normandy

text: A

text: peace

text: agreement

text: was

text: signed

text: in

text: which

text: John

text: returned

text: Anjou

text: to

text: Philip

text: and

text: paid

text: the

text: French

text: king

text: compensation

text: the

text: truce

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: last

text: for

text: six

text: years

text: John

text: arrived

text: back

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: October

question: John besieged what castle?

answer: Roche-au-Moine

text: Roche-au-Moine

question: Who refused to advance with the king?

answer: The local Angevin nobles

text: The local Angevin nobles

question: Who won the battle of Bouvines?

answer: Philip

text: Philip

question: How long was the truce intended to last for?

answer: six years

text: six years


text: In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan in part because this low-ranking samurai convinced him in Portuguese that the Japanese people were highly educated and eager to learn. They were hard workers and respectful of authority. In their laws and customs they were led by reason, and, should the Christian faith convince them of its truth, they would accept it en masse.

title: Samurai

title: Samurai

text: In

text: December

text: Francis

text: was

text: in

text: Malacca

text: Malaysia

text: waiting

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Goa

text: India

text: when

text: he

text: met

text: a

text: low

text: ranked

text: samurai

text: named

text: Anjiro

text: possibly

text: spelled

text: Yajiro

text: Anjiro

text: was

text: not

text: an

text: intellectual

text: but

text: he

text: impressed

text: Xavier

text: because

text: he

text: took

text: careful

text: notes

text: of

text: everything

text: he

text: said

text: in

text: church

text: Xavier

text: made

text: the

text: decision

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: Japan

text: in

text: part

text: because

text: this

text: low

text: ranking

text: samurai

text: convinced

text: him

text: in

text: Portuguese

text: that

text: the

text: Japanese

text: people

text: were

text: highly

text: educated

text: and

text: eager

text: to

text: learn

text: They

text: were

text: hard

text: workers

text: and

text: respectful

text: of

text: authority

text: In

text: their

text: laws

text: and

text: customs

text: they

text: were

text: led

text: by

text: reason

text: and

text: should

text: the

text: Christian

text: faith

text: convince

text: them

text: of

text: its

text: truth

text: they

text: would

text: accept

text: it

text: en

text: masse

question: Where was Malacca?

answer: Malaysia

text: Malaysia

question: Where was Goa?

answer: India

text: India

question: Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church?

answer: Anjiro

text: Anjiro

question: In what language did Anjiro speak to Xavier?

answer: Portuguese

text: Portuguese

question: How did Anjiro think the Japanese would accept Christianity?

answer: en masse

text: en masse


text: Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and without a dog gives quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication.

title: Dog

title: Dog

text: Anthropologists

text: believe

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: benefit

text: would

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: dogs

text: robust

text: sense

text: of

text: smell

text: to

text: assist

text: with

text: the

text: hunt

text: The

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: dog

text: and

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: hunt

text: is

text: often

text: mentioned

text: as

text: a

text: primary

text: reason

text: for

text: the

text: domestication

text: of

text: the

text: wolf

text: and

text: a

text: study

text: of

text: hunter

text: groups

text: with

text: and

text: without

text: a

text: dog

text: gives

text: quantitative

text: support

text: to

text: the

text: hypothesis

text: that

text: the

text: benefits

text: of

text: cooperative

text: hunting

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: factor

text: in

text: wolf

text: domestication

question: What type of hunting is it called when humans and dogs hunt together?

answer: cooperative hunting

text: cooperative hunting

question: What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them?

answer: 2004

question: What would have been the top benefit for dogs in camps?

answer: sense of smell

text: sense of smell

question: The successful mixing of dogs with hunting is often given as a primary reason for what?

answer: the domestication of the wolf

text: the domestication of the wolf


text: In 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris. The Queen was on holiday with her extended family at Balmoral. Diana's two sons by Charles—Princes William and Harry—wanted to attend church and so the Queen and Prince Philip took them that morning. After that single public appearance, for five days the Queen and the Duke shielded their grandsons from the intense press interest by keeping them at Balmoral where they could grieve in private, but the royal family's seclusion and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace caused public dismay. Pressured by the hostile reaction, the Queen agreed to return to London and do a live television broadcast on 5 September, the day before Diana's funeral. In the broadcast, she expressed admiration for Diana and her feelings "as a grandmother" for the two princes. As a result, much of the public hostility evaporated.

title: Elizabeth_II

title: Elizabeth_II

text: In

text: a

text: year

text: after

text: the

text: divorce

text: Diana

text: was

text: killed

text: in

text: a

text: car

text: crash

text: in

text: Paris

text: The

text: Queen

text: was

text: on

text: holiday

text: with

text: her

text: extended

text: family

text: at

text: Balmoral

text: Diana

text: 's

text: two

text: sons

text: by

text: Charles

text: Princes

text: William

text: and

text: Harry

text: wanted

text: to

text: attend

text: church

text: and

text: so

text: the

text: Queen

text: and

text: Prince

text: Philip

text: took

text: them

text: that

text: morning

text: After

text: that

text: single

text: public

text: appearance

text: for

text: five

text: days

text: the

text: Queen

text: and

text: the

text: Duke

text: shielded

text: their

text: grandsons

text: from

text: the

text: intense

text: press

text: interest

text: by

text: keeping

text: them

text: at

text: Balmoral

text: where

text: they

text: could

text: grieve

text: in

text: private

text: but

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: 's

text: seclusion

text: and

text: the

text: failure

text: to

text: fly

text: a

text: flag

text: at

text: half

text: mast

text: over

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: caused

text: public

text: dismay

text: Pressured

text: by

text: the

text: hostile

text: reaction

text: the

text: Queen

text: agreed

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: London

text: and

text: do

text: a

text: live

text: television

text: broadcast

text: on

text: September

text: the

text: day

text: before

text: Diana

text: 's

text: funeral

text: In

text: the

text: broadcast

text: she

text: expressed

text: admiration

text: for

text: Diana

text: and

text: her

text: feelings

text: as

text: a

text: grandmother

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: princes

text: As

text: a

text: result

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: hostility

text: evaporated

question: What incident killed Diana in Paris?

answer: car crash

text: car crash

question: When did Diana die?

answer: 1997

question: How long did Elizabeth and the royal family remain in seclusion at Balmoral?

answer: five days

text: five days

question: What failure did the public find dismaying?

answer: fly a flag at half-mast

text: fly a flag at half-mast

question: What did Elizabeth do to diffuse hostile public sentiment?

answer: live television broadcast

text: live television broadcast

question: In what city is Balmoral?

text: London

question: In what month in 1997 did Diana die in a car crash?

text: September

question: Where was Charles in the days after Diana died?

text: Balmoral

question: From what building did the Queen do her television broadcast about Diana's death?

text: Balmoral


text: Energy transformations in the universe over time are characterized by various kinds of potential energy that has been available since the Big Bang later being "released" (transformed to more active types of energy such as kinetic or radiant energy) when a triggering mechanism is available. Familiar examples of such processes include nuclear decay, in which energy is released that was originally "stored" in heavy isotopes (such as uranium and thorium), by nucleosynthesis, a process ultimately using the gravitational potential energy released from the gravitational collapse of supernovae, to store energy in the creation of these heavy elements before they were incorporated into the solar system and the Earth. This energy is triggered and released in nuclear fission bombs or in civil nuclear power generation. Similarly, in the case of a chemical explosion, chemical potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy and thermal energy in a very short time. Yet another example is that of a pendulum. At its highest points the kinetic energy is zero and the gravitational potential energy is at maximum. At its lowest point the kinetic energy is at maximum and is equal to the decrease of potential energy. If one (unrealistically) assumes that there is no friction or other losses, the conversion of energy between these processes would be perfect, and the pendulum would continue swinging forever.

title: Energy

title: Energy

text: Energy

text: transformations

text: in

text: the

text: universe

text: over

text: time

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: various

text: kinds

text: of

text: potential

text: energy

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: available

text: since

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: later

text: being

text: released

text: transformed

text: to

text: more

text: active

text: types

text: of

text: energy

text: such

text: as

text: kinetic

text: or

text: radiant

text: energy

text: when

text: a

text: triggering

text: mechanism

text: is

text: available

text: Familiar

text: examples

text: of

text: such

text: processes

text: include

text: nuclear

text: decay

text: in

text: which

text: energy

text: is

text: released

text: that

text: was

text: originally

text: stored

text: in

text: heavy

text: isotopes

text: such

text: as

text: uranium

text: and

text: thorium

text: by

text: nucleosynthesis

text: a

text: process

text: ultimately

text: using

text: the

text: gravitational

text: potential

text: energy

text: released

text: from

text: the

text: gravitational

text: collapse

text: of

text: supernovae

text: to

text: store

text: energy

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: these

text: heavy

text: elements

text: before

text: they

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: Earth

text: This

text: energy

text: is

text: triggered

text: and

text: released

text: in

text: nuclear

text: fission

text: bombs

text: or

text: in

text: civil

text: nuclear

text: power

text: generation

text: Similarly

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: a

text: chemical

text: explosion

text: chemical

text: potential

text: energy

text: is

text: transformed

text: to

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: and

text: thermal

text: energy

text: in

text: a

text: very

text: short

text: time

text: Yet

text: another

text: example

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: a

text: pendulum

text: At

text: its

text: highest

text: points

text: the

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: is

text: zero

text: and

text: the

text: gravitational

text: potential

text: energy

text: is

text: at

text: maximum

text: At

text: its

text: lowest

text: point

text: the

text: kinetic

text: energy

text: is

text: at

text: maximum

text: and

text: is

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: decrease

text: of

text: potential

text: energy

text: If

text: one

text: unrealistically

text: assumes

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: friction

text: or

text: other

text: losses

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: energy

text: between

text: these

text: processes

text: would

text: be

text: perfect

text: and

text: the

text: pendulum

text: would

text: continue

text: swinging

text: forever

question: Name an example of a heavy isotope?

answer: uranium

text: uranium

question: Name another example of a heavy isotope.

answer: thorium

text: thorium

question: What is a process ultimately using the gravitational potential energy in the creation of these heavy elements before they were incorporated into the solar system and the Earth?

answer: nucleosynthesis

text: nucleosynthesis

question: In the case of a chemical explosion, what is transformed to kinetic energy and thermal energy in a short time?

answer: chemical potential energy

text: chemical potential energy

question: Name an example of a heavy transitope?

text: uranium

question: Name another example of a heavy transitope.

text: thorium

question: What is a process ultimately using the gravitational potential energy in the creation of these heavy elements before they were incorporated into the lunar system and the Earth?

text: nucleosynthesis

question: In the case of a chemical explosion, what is transformed to kinetic energy and wind energy in a short time?

text: chemical potential energy

question: what active types of energy can be transformed?

text: kinetic or radiant energy


text: Melbourne has the largest tram network in the world which had its origins in the city's 1880s land boom. In 2013–2014, 176.9 million passenger trips were made by tram. Melbourne's is Australia's only tram network to comprise more than a single line and consists of 250 km (155.3 mi) of track, 487 trams, 25 routes, and 1,763 tram stops. Around 80 per cent of Melbourne's tram network shares road space with other vehicles, while the rest of the network is separated or are light rail routes. Melbourne's trams are recognised as iconic cultural assets and a tourist attraction. Heritage trams operate on the free City Circle route, intended for visitors to Melbourne, and heritage restaurant trams travel through the city and surrounding areas during the evening. Melbourne is currently building 50 new E Class trams with some already in service in 2014. The E Class trams are about 30 metres long and are superior to the C2 class tram of similar length. Melbourne's bus network consists of almost 300 routes which mainly service the outer suburbs and fill the gaps in the network between rail and tram services. 127.6 million passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses in 2013–2014, an increase of 10.2 percent on the previous year.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: tram

text: network

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: which

text: had

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: land

text: boom

text: In

text: million

text: passenger

text: trips

text: were

text: made

text: by

text: tram

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: is

text: Australia

text: 's

text: only

text: tram

text: network

text: to

text: comprise

text: more

text: than

text: a

text: single

text: line

text: and

text: consists

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: track

text: trams

text: routes

text: and

text: tram

text: stops

text: Around

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: tram

text: network

text: shares

text: road

text: space

text: with

text: other

text: vehicles

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: is

text: separated

text: or

text: are

text: light

text: rail

text: routes

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: trams

text: are

text: recognised

text: as

text: iconic

text: cultural

text: assets

text: and

text: a

text: tourist

text: attraction

text: Heritage

text: trams

text: operate

text: on

text: the

text: free

text: City

text: Circle

text: route

text: intended

text: for

text: visitors

text: to

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: heritage

text: restaurant

text: trams

text: travel

text: through

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: during

text: the

text: evening

text: Melbourne

text: is

text: currently

text: building

text: new

text: E

text: Class

text: trams

text: with

text: some

text: already

text: in

text: service

text: in

text: The

text: E

text: Class

text: trams

text: are

text: about

text: metres

text: long

text: and

text: are

text: superior

text: to

text: the

text: class

text: tram

text: of

text: similar

text: length

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: bus

text: network

text: consists

text: of

text: almost

text: routes

text: which

text: mainly

text: service

text: the

text: outer

text: suburbs

text: and

text: fill

text: the

text: gaps

text: in

text: the

text: network

text: between

text: rail

text: and

text: tram

text: services

text: million

text: passenger

text: trips

text: were

text: recorded

text: on

text: Melbourne

text: 's

text: buses

text: in

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: percent

text: on

text: the

text: previous

text: year

question: What are the origins of Melbourne's tram network?

answer: the city's 1880s land boom

text: the city's 1880s land boom

question: How many passenger trips were made by tram in Melbourne between 2013-2014?

answer: 176.9 million

text: 176.9 million

question: How many tram stops are on Melbourne's tram network?

answer: 1,763

question: How many routes does Melbourne's bus network consist of?

answer: almost 300

text: almost 300

question: How many passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses in 2013-2014

answer: 127.6 million

text: 127.6 million


text: The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN. In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasaki and Amano were awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in physics for their work. In 1995, Alberto Barbieri at the Cardiff University Laboratory (GB) investigated the efficiency and reliability of high-brightness LEDs and demonstrated a "transparent contact" LED using indium tin oxide (ITO) on (AlGaInP/GaAs).

title: Light-emitting_diode

title: Light

title: emitting_diode

text: The

text: first

text: high

text: brightness

text: blue

text: LED

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: Shuji

text: Nakamura

text: of

text: Nichia

text: Corporation

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: InGaN.

text: In

text: parallel

text: Isamu

text: Akasaki

text: and

text: Hiroshi

text: Amano

text: in

text: Nagoya

text: were

text: working

text: on

text: developing

text: the

text: important

text: GaN

text: nucleation

text: on

text: sapphire

text: substrates

text: and

text: the

text: demonstration

text: of

text: p

text: type

text: doping

text: of

text: GaN.

text: Nakamura

text: Akasaki

text: and

text: Amano

text: were

text: awarded

text: the

text: Nobel

text: prize

text: in

text: physics

text: for

text: their

text: work

text: In

text: Alberto

text: Barbieri

text: at

text: the

text: Cardiff

text: University

text: Laboratory

text: GB

text: investigated

text: the

text: efficiency

text: and

text: reliability

text: of

text: high

text: brightness

text: LEDs

text: and

text: demonstrated

text: a

text: transparent

text: contact

text: LED

text: using

text: indium

text: tin

text: oxide

text: ITO

text: on

text: AlGaInP

text: GaAs

question: What color LED was demonstrated in 1994?

answer: blue

text: blue

question: Who demonstrated the first blue LED?

answer: Shuji Nakamura

text: Shuji Nakamura

question: What did Nakamura, Akasaki, and Amano receive for their work?

answer: 2014 Nobel prize in physics

text: 2014 Nobel prize in physics

question: Who investigated the efficiency of high-brightness LED at Cardiff University in 1995?

answer: Alberto Barbieri

text: Alberto Barbieri

question: What substance did Barbieri use in his work with high-brightness LED?

answer: indium tin oxide

text: indium tin oxide

question: What color non-LED was demonstrated in 1994?

text: blue

question: Who demonstrated the first red LED?

text: Shuji Nakamura

question: What did Nakamura, Akasaki, and Amano receive for their study?

text: 2014 Nobel prize

question: Who investigated the efficiency of low-brightness LED at Cardiff University in 1995?

text: Alberto Barbieri

question: What substance did Barbieri use in his work with low-brightness LED?

text: indium tin oxide


text: The largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes are the alpine ibex, which have been sighted as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft). The ibex live in caves and descend to eat the succulent alpine grasses. Classified as antelopes, chamois are smaller than ibex and found throughout the Alps, living above the tree line and are common in the entire alpine range. Areas of the eastern Alps are still home to brown bears. In Switzerland the canton of Bern was named for the bears but the last bear is recorded as having been killed in 1792 above Kleine Scheidegg by three hunters from Grindelwald.

title: Alps

title: Alps

text: The

text: largest

text: mammal

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: altitudes

text: are

text: the

text: alpine

text: ibex

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: sighted

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: m

text: ft

text: The

text: ibex

text: live

text: in

text: caves

text: and

text: descend

text: to

text: eat

text: the

text: succulent

text: alpine

text: grasses

text: Classified

text: as

text: antelopes

text: chamois

text: are

text: smaller

text: than

text: ibex

text: and

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: Alps

text: living

text: above

text: the

text: tree

text: line

text: and

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: alpine

text: range

text: Areas

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Alps

text: are

text: still

text: home

text: to

text: brown

text: bears

text: In

text: Switzerland

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Bern

text: was

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: bears

text: but

text: the

text: last

text: bear

text: is

text: recorded

text: as

text: having

text: been

text: killed

text: in

text: above

text: Kleine

text: Scheidegg

text: by

text: three

text: hunters

text: from

text: Grindelwald

question: What is the largest mammal to live in the highest altitudes?

answer: alpine ibex

text: alpine ibex

question: How high have the Alpine Ibex been sighted?

answer: as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft)

text: as high as 3,000 m (9,843 ft)

question: Where do the ibex live?

answer: in caves

text: in caves

question: What animal that live in the Alps are classified as antelopes?

answer: chamois

text: chamois

question: What year was the last brown bear recorded to have been killed?

answer: 1792


text: In 1864, Andrew Johnson (a War Democrat from Tennessee) was elected Vice President under Abraham Lincoln. He became President after Lincoln's assassination in 1865. Under Johnson's lenient re-admission policy, Tennessee was the first of the seceding states to have its elected members readmitted to the U.S. Congress, on July 24, 1866. Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, it was the only one of the formerly secessionist states that did not have a military governor during the Reconstruction period.

title: Tennessee

title: Tennessee

text: In

text: Andrew

text: Johnson

text: a

text: War

text: Democrat

text: from

text: Tennessee

text: was

text: elected

text: Vice

text: President

text: under

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: He

text: became

text: President

text: after

text: Lincoln

text: 's

text: assassination

text: in

text: Under

text: Johnson

text: 's

text: lenient

text: re

text: admission

text: policy

text: Tennessee

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: seceding

text: states

text: to

text: have

text: its

text: elected

text: members

text: readmitted

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Congress

text: on

text: July

text: Because

text: Tennessee

text: had

text: ratified

text: the

text: Fourteenth

text: Amendment

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: formerly

text: secessionist

text: states

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: a

text: military

text: governor

text: during

text: the

text: Reconstruction

text: period

question: Who was elected Vice President of the United States in 1864?

answer: Andrew Johnson

text: Andrew Johnson

question: Which Confederate state's representation was readmitted to Congress first?

answer: Tennessee

text: Tennessee

question: On which date were Tennessee's elected representatives restored to their offices in Washington D.C.?

answer: July 24, 1866

text: July 24, 1866

question: Their ratification of which Amendment spared Tennessee a military governor during Reconstruction?

answer: Fourteenth

text: Fourteenth

question: In which year did Andrew Johnson become President?

answer: 1865


text: Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is home to three major annual international sporting events: the Australian Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments); the Melbourne Cup (horse racing); and the Australian Grand Prix (Formula One). Also, the Australian Masters golf tournament is held at Melbourne since 1979, having been co-sanctioned by the European Tour from 2006 to 2009. Melbourne was proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City", in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The city is home to the National Sports Museum, which until 2003 was located outside the members pavilion at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It reopened in 2008 in the Olympic Stand.

title: Melbourne

title: Melbourne

text: Melbourne

text: is

text: notable

text: as

text: the

text: host

text: city

text: for

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: the

text: first

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: and

text: Oceania

text: with

text: all

text: previous

text: games

text: held

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Games

text: Melbourne

text: is

text: so

text: far

text: the

text: southernmost

text: city

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: games

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: three

text: major

text: annual

text: international

text: sporting

text: events

text: the

text: Australian

text: Open

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: Grand

text: Slam

text: tennis

text: tournaments

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Cup

text: horse

text: racing

text: and

text: the

text: Australian

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: Formula

text: One

text: Also

text: the

text: Australian

text: Masters

text: golf

text: tournament

text: is

text: held

text: at

text: Melbourne

text: since

text: having

text: been

text: co

text: sanctioned

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Tour

text: from

text: to

text: Melbourne

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: the

text: World

text: 's

text: Ultimate

text: Sports

text: City

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Sports

text: Museum

text: which

text: until

text: was

text: located

text: outside

text: the

text: members

text: pavilion

text: at

text: the

text: Melbourne

text: Cricket

text: Ground

text: It

text: reopened

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Stand

question: In what year was Melbourne the host city for the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere?

answer: 1956

question: Previous to Melbourne, where were all Olympic games held?

answer: Europe and the United States

text: Europe and the United States

question: In what three years was Melbourne proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City"?

answer: 2006, 2008 and 2010

text: 2006, 2008 and 2010

question: Where did the National Sports Museum reopen in 2008?

answer: Olympic Stand

text: Olympic Stand

question: Which city is so far the southernmost city to host the Olympic Games?

answer: Melbourne

text: Melbourne


text: Companies with limited resources may choose to engage in only a few of these activities, while larger organizations may employ a full spectrum of communications. Since it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills, communications professionals often specialize in one or two of these areas but usually have at least a working knowledge of most of them. By far, the most important qualifications communications professionals can possess are excellent writing ability, good 'people' skills, and the capacity to think critically and strategically.

title: Communication

title: Communication

text: Companies

text: with

text: limited

text: resources

text: may

text: choose

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: only

text: a

text: few

text: of

text: these

text: activities

text: while

text: larger

text: organizations

text: may

text: employ

text: a

text: full

text: spectrum

text: of

text: communications

text: Since

text: it

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: develop

text: such

text: a

text: broad

text: range

text: of

text: skills

text: communications

text: professionals

text: often

text: specialize

text: in

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: of

text: these

text: areas

text: but

text: usually

text: have

text: at

text: least

text: a

text: working

text: knowledge

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: By

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: qualifications

text: communications

text: professionals

text: can

text: possess

text: are

text: excellent

text: writing

text: ability

text: good

text: people

text: skills

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: think

text: critically

text: and

text: strategically

question: Why do communications professionals typically specialize in only one or two areas of communication?

answer: it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills

text: it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills

question: What is one of the most important qualifications for a communications professional to have?

answer: excellent writing ability

text: excellent writing ability

question: What kind of companies may engage in only a few types of communications?

answer: Companies with limited resources

text: Companies with limited resources

question: Good people skills is a qualification that is important to what profession?

answer: communications

text: communications

question: It is not necessary to have critical and strategical thinking abilities to do what job?

text: communications professionals

question: All companies or organizations employ a full spectrum of what?

text: communications

question: One of the least important qualifications to be a communications professional is what?

text: excellent writing ability

question: Who is always able to master a broad range of skills?

text: communications professionals

question: Besides excellent writing abilities and good 'people' skills, all company employees should  have what other skill?


text: Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.

title: Southampton

title: Southampton

text: Prior

text: to

text: King

text: Henry

text: 's

text: departure

text: for

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Agincourt

text: in

text: the

text: ringleaders

text: of

text: the

text: Southampton

text: Plot

text: Richard

text: Earl

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: Henry

text: Scrope

text: Baron

text: Scrope

text: of

text: Masham

text: and

text: Sir

text: Thomas

text: Grey

text: of

text: Heton

text: were

text: accused

text: of

text: high

text: treason

text: and

text: tried

text: at

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Red

text: Lion

text: public

text: house

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Street

text: They

text: were

text: found

text: guilty

text: and

text: summarily

text: executed

text: outside

text: the

text: Bargate

question: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?

answer: Battle of Agincourt

text: Battle of Agincourt

question: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?

answer: Southampton Plot

text: Southampton Plot

question: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?

answer: Red Lion

text: Red Lion

question: What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?

answer: Richard

text: Richard

question: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?

answer: the Bargate

text: the Bargate


text: In Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed due to reports of dangerous and hazardous working conditions in 1988. This led to the minimum age being raised once again to 14. Another set of restrictions was passed in 1998 that restricted the kinds of work youth could partake in, such as work that was considered hazardous like running construction equipment, or certain kinds of factory work. Although many steps were taken to reduce the risk and occurrence of child labour, there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil. It was not until recently in the 80’s that it was discovered that almost nine million children in Brazil were working illegally and not partaking in traditional childhood activities that help to develop important life experiences.

title: Child_labour

title: Child_labour

text: In

text: Brazil

text: the

text: minimum

text: working

text: age

text: has

text: been

text: identified

text: as

text: fourteen

text: due

text: to

text: continuous

text: constitutional

text: amendments

text: that

text: occurred

text: in

text: and

text: Yet

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: dictatorship

text: by

text: the

text: military

text: in

text: the

text: ’s

text: the

text: minimum

text: age

text: restriction

text: was

text: reduced

text: to

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twelve

text: but

text: was

text: reviewed

text: due

text: to

text: reports

text: of

text: dangerous

text: and

text: hazardous

text: working

text: conditions

text: in

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: minimum

text: age

text: being

text: raised

text: once

text: again

text: to

text: Another

text: set

text: of

text: restrictions

text: was

text: passed

text: in

text: that

text: restricted

text: the

text: kinds

text: of

text: work

text: youth

text: could

text: partake

text: in

text: such

text: as

text: work

text: that

text: was

text: considered

text: hazardous

text: like

text: running

text: construction

text: equipment

text: or

text: certain

text: kinds

text: of

text: factory

text: work

text: Although

text: many

text: steps

text: were

text: taken

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: risk

text: and

text: occurrence

text: of

text: child

text: labour

text: there

text: is

text: still

text: a

text: high

text: number

text: of

text: children

text: and

text: adolescents

text: working

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: fourteen

text: in

text: Brazil

text: It

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: recently

text: in

text: the

text: ’s

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: discovered

text: that

text: almost

text: nine

text: million

text: children

text: in

text: Brazil

text: were

text: working

text: illegally

text: and

text: not

text: partaking

text: in

text: traditional

text: childhood

text: activities

text: that

text: help

text: to

text: develop

text: important

text: life

text: experiences

question: What is the min working age in Brazil?

answer: fourteen

text: fourteen

question: What year was hazardous working conditions limited to children in Brazil?

answer: 1998

question: Is there underage children working in Brazil?

answer: there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil

text: there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil

question: In the 80's how many children were working illegally in Brazil?

answer: almost nine million

text: almost nine million


text: 35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan

text: Street

text: runs

text: from

text: FDR

text: Drive

text: to

text: Eleventh

text: Avenue

text: Notable

text: locations

text: include

text: East

text: River

text: Ferry

text: LaptopMD

text: headquarters

text: Mercy

text: College

text: Manhattan

text: Campus

text: and

text: Jacob

text: K.

text: Javits

text: Convention

text: Center

question: Where does 35th Street begin?

answer: FDR Drive

text: FDR Drive

question: Where does 35th Street end?

answer: Eleventh Avenue

text: Eleventh Avenue

question: On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?

answer: 35th Street

text: 35th Street

question: On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located?

answer: 35th Street

text: 35th Street

question: Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue?

answer: 35th Street

text: 35th Street


text: The Slavic autonym *Slověninъ is usually considered (e.g. by Roman Jakobson) a derivation from slovo "word", originally denoting "people who speak (the same language)," i.e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting "foreign people" – němci, meaning "mumbling, murmuring people" (from Slavic *němъ – "mumbling, mute").

title: Slavs

title: Slavs

text: The

text: Slavic

text: autonym

text: Slověninъ

text: is

text: usually

text: considered

text: e.g.

text: by

text: Roman

text: Jakobson

text: a

text: derivation

text: from

text: slovo

text: word

text: originally

text: denoting

text: people

text: who

text: speak

text: the

text: same

text: language

text: i.e.

text: people

text: who

text: understand

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: Slavic

text: word

text: denoting

text: foreign

text: people

text: němci

text: meaning

text: mumbling

text: murmuring

text: people

text: from

text: Slavic

text: němъ

text: mumbling

text: mute

question: What slavic word denotes "people who speak the same language?"

answer: slovo

text: slovo

question: What slavic word denotes "foreign people?"

answer: němci

text: němci

question: Who considered *Slověninъ do be a derivation from slovo?

answer: Roman Jakobson

text: Roman Jakobson

question: Who came up with the Slavic autonym?

text: Roman Jakobson

question: What does slovo derive from?

text: Slověninъ

question: What word did Roman Jakobson use to call Slavics foreign people?

text: němci

question: What word did Jackobson use to mean mute?

text: němъ


text: The U.S. framed the war as part of its policy of containment of Communism in south Asia, but American forces were frustrated by an inability to engage the enemy in decisive battles, corruption and incompetence in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and ever increasing protests at home. The Tet Offensive in 1968, although a major military defeat for the NLF with half their forces eliminated, marked the psychological turning point in the war. With President Richard M. Nixon opposed to containment and more interested in achieving détente with both the Soviet Union and China, American policy shifted to "Vietnamization," – providing very large supplies of arms and letting the Vietnamese fight it out themselves. After more than 57,000 dead and many more wounded, American forces withdrew in 1973 with no clear victory, and in 1975 South Vietnam was finally conquered by communist North Vietnam and unified.

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

title: Military_history_of_the_United_States

text: The

text: U.S.

text: framed

text: the

text: war

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: policy

text: of

text: containment

text: of

text: Communism

text: in

text: south

text: Asia

text: but

text: American

text: forces

text: were

text: frustrated

text: by

text: an

text: inability

text: to

text: engage

text: the

text: enemy

text: in

text: decisive

text: battles

text: corruption

text: and

text: incompetence

text: in

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: ever

text: increasing

text: protests

text: at

text: home

text: The

text: Tet

text: Offensive

text: in

text: although

text: a

text: major

text: military

text: defeat

text: for

text: the

text: NLF

text: with

text: half

text: their

text: forces

text: eliminated

text: marked

text: the

text: psychological

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: With

text: President

text: Richard

text: M.

text: Nixon

text: opposed

text: to

text: containment

text: and

text: more

text: interested

text: in

text: achieving

text: détente

text: with

text: both

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: China

text: American

text: policy

text: shifted

text: to

text: Vietnamization

text: providing

text: very

text: large

text: supplies

text: of

text: arms

text: and

text: letting

text: the

text: Vietnamese

text: fight

text: it

text: out

text: themselves

text: After

text: more

text: than

text: dead

text: and

text: many

text: more

text: wounded

text: American

text: forces

text: withdrew

text: in

text: with

text: no

text: clear

text: victory

text: and

text: in

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: finally

text: conquered

text: by

text: communist

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: unified

question: The policy of containment in Asia was aimed at what ideology?

answer: Communism

text: Communism

question: What was the psychological turning point of the war?

answer: The Tet Offensive

text: The Tet Offensive

question: When did this offensive take place?

answer: 1968

question: When were US forces withdrawn from Vietnam?

answer: 1973

question: The policy of supplying arms and war materiel for the Vietnamese to fight their own war was called what?

answer: "Vietnamization,"

text: "Vietnamization,"

question: The policy of containment in Korea was aimed at what ideology?

text: Communism

question: What was the sociological turning point of the war?

text: Tet Offensive

question: When did this defense take place?

question: When were US forces withdrawn from China?

question: The policy of supplying arms and war materiel for the Chinese to fight their own war was called what?

text: Vietnamization


text: Traditional games are played in pubs, ranging from the well-known darts, skittles, dominoes, cards and bar billiards, to the more obscure Aunt Sally, Nine Men's Morris and ringing the bull. In the UK betting is legally limited to certain games such as cribbage or dominoes, played for small stakes. In recent decades the game of pool (both the British and American versions) has increased in popularity as well as other table based games such as snooker or Table Football becoming common.

title: Pub

title: Pub

text: Traditional

text: games

text: are

text: played

text: in

text: pubs

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: well

text: known

text: darts

text: skittles

text: dominoes

text: cards

text: and

text: bar

text: billiards

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: obscure

text: Aunt

text: Sally

text: Nine

text: Men

text: 's

text: Morris

text: and

text: ringing

text: the

text: bull

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: betting

text: is

text: legally

text: limited

text: to

text: certain

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: cribbage

text: or

text: dominoes

text: played

text: for

text: small

text: stakes

text: In

text: recent

text: decades

text: the

text: game

text: of

text: pool

text: both

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: versions

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: popularity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: table

text: based

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: snooker

text: or

text: Table

text: Football

text: becoming

text: common

question: What game played in both Britain and America has become increasingly popular in pubs?

answer: pool

text: pool

question: Along with Aunt Sally and ringing the bull, what is one of the obscure traditional games played in pubs?

answer: Nine Men's Morris

text: Nine Men's Morris

question: Along with darts, skittles, dominoes and bar billiards, what is a well-known pub game?

answer: cards

text: cards

question: Along with dominoes, on what pub game can you legally bet in the United Kingdom?

answer: cribbage

text: cribbage

question: What table-based version of soccer is an increasingly popular pub game?

answer: Table Football

text: Table Football


text: The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former Soviet republics. Emomali Rahmon came to power in 1992, defeating former prime minister Abdumalik Abdullajanov in a November presidential election with 58% of the vote. The elections took place shortly after the end of the war, and Tajikistan was in a state of complete devastation. The estimated dead numbered over 100,000. Around 1.2 million people were refugees inside and outside of the country. In 1997, a ceasefire was reached between Rahmon and opposition parties under the guidance of Gerd D. Merrem, Special Representative to the Secretary General, a result widely praised as a successful United Nations peace keeping initiative. The ceasefire guaranteed 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition. Elections were held in 1999, though they were criticized by opposition parties and foreign observers as unfair and Rahmon was re-elected with 98% of the vote. Elections in 2006 were again won by Rahmon (with 79% of the vote) and he began his third term in office. Several opposition parties boycotted the 2006 election and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) criticized it, although observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States claimed the elections were legal and transparent. Rahmon's administration came under further criticism from the OSCE in October 2010 for its censorship and repression of the media. The OSCE claimed that the Tajik Government censored Tajik and foreign websites and instituted tax inspections on independent printing houses that led to the cessation of printing activities for a number of independent newspapers.

title: Tajikistan

title: Tajikistan

text: The

text: nation

text: almost

text: immediately

text: fell

text: into

text: civil

text: war

text: that

text: involved

text: various

text: factions

text: fighting

text: one

text: another

text: these

text: factions

text: were

text: often

text: distinguished

text: by

text: clan

text: loyalties

text: More

text: than

text: residents

text: fled

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: because

text: of

text: persecution

text: increased

text: poverty

text: and

text: better

text: economic

text: opportunities

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: or

text: in

text: other

text: former

text: Soviet

text: republics

text: Emomali

text: Rahmon

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: defeating

text: former

text: prime

text: minister

text: Abdumalik

text: Abdullajanov

text: in

text: a

text: November

text: presidential

text: election

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: The

text: elections

text: took

text: place

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: was

text: in

text: a

text: state

text: of

text: complete

text: devastation

text: The

text: estimated

text: dead

text: numbered

text: over

text: Around

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: refugees

text: inside

text: and

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: In

text: a

text: ceasefire

text: was

text: reached

text: between

text: Rahmon

text: and

text: opposition

text: parties

text: under

text: the

text: guidance

text: of

text: Gerd

text: D.

text: Merrem

text: Special

text: Representative

text: to

text: the

text: Secretary

text: General

text: a

text: result

text: widely

text: praised

text: as

text: a

text: successful

text: United

text: Nations

text: peace

text: keeping

text: initiative

text: The

text: ceasefire

text: guaranteed

text: of

text: ministerial

text: positions

text: would

text: go

text: to

text: the

text: opposition

text: Elections

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: though

text: they

text: were

text: criticized

text: by

text: opposition

text: parties

text: and

text: foreign

text: observers

text: as

text: unfair

text: and

text: Rahmon

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: Elections

text: in

text: were

text: again

text: won

text: by

text: Rahmon

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: and

text: he

text: began

text: his

text: third

text: term

text: in

text: office

text: Several

text: opposition

text: parties

text: boycotted

text: the

text: election

text: and

text: the

text: Organization

text: for

text: Security

text: and

text: Cooperation

text: in

text: Europe

text: OSCE

text: criticized

text: it

text: although

text: observers

text: from

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Independent

text: States

text: claimed

text: the

text: elections

text: were

text: legal

text: and

text: transparent

text: Rahmon

text: 's

text: administration

text: came

text: under

text: further

text: criticism

text: from

text: the

text: OSCE

text: in

text: October

text: for

text: its

text: censorship

text: and

text: repression

text: of

text: the

text: media

text: The

text: OSCE

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: Tajik

text: Government

text: censored

text: Tajik

text: and

text: foreign

text: websites

text: and

text: instituted

text: tax

text: inspections

text: on

text: independent

text: printing

text: houses

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: cessation

text: of

text: printing

text: activities

text: for

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: independent

text: newspapers

question: How were the different factions distinguished from eachother?

answer: by clan loyalties

text: by clan loyalties

question: Why did more than half a million people flee?

answer: because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities

text: because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities

question: Who came into power in 1992?

answer: Emomali Rahmon

text: Emomali Rahmon

question: What did the ceasefire guaranteed?

answer: 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition

text: 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition

question: Fractions were often distinguished by what?

text: clan loyalties

question: Who came to power in 1982?

text: Emomali Rahmon

question: Elections took place shortly before the beginning of the what?

text: war

question: A ceasefire was reached between Rider and opposition parties in what year?

question: The OSHA claimed that the Tajik government censored what?

text: Tajik and foreign websites


text: The Age of Enlightenment was preceded by and closely associated with the scientific revolution. Earlier philosophers whose work influenced the Enlightenment included Francis Bacon, Descartes, Locke, and Spinoza. The major figures of the Enlightenment included Cesare Beccaria, Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, Adam Smith, and Immanuel Kant. Some European rulers, including Catherine II of Russia, Joseph II of Austria and Frederick I of Prussia, tried to apply Enlightenment thought on religious and political tolerance, which became known as enlightened absolutism. The Americans Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson came to Europe during the period and contributed actively to the scientific and political debate, and the ideals of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States.

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

title: Age_of_Enlightenment

text: The

text: Age

text: of

text: Enlightenment

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: and

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: Earlier

text: philosophers

text: whose

text: work

text: influenced

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: included

text: Francis

text: Bacon

text: Descartes

text: Locke

text: and

text: Spinoza

text: The

text: major

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: included

text: Cesare

text: Beccaria

text: Voltaire

text: Denis

text: Diderot

text: Jean

text: Jacques

text: Rousseau

text: David

text: Hume

text: Adam

text: Smith

text: and

text: Immanuel

text: Kant

text: Some

text: European

text: rulers

text: including

text: Catherine

text: II

text: of

text: Russia

text: Joseph

text: II

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: Frederick

text: I

text: of

text: Prussia

text: tried

text: to

text: apply

text: Enlightenment

text: thought

text: on

text: religious

text: and

text: political

text: tolerance

text: which

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: enlightened

text: absolutism

text: The

text: Americans

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Jefferson

text: came

text: to

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: and

text: contributed

text: actively

text: to

text: the

text: scientific

text: and

text: political

text: debate

text: and

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: and

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: Trying to apply Enlightenment thought on religious and political tolerance became known as what?

answer: enlightened absolutism

text: enlightened absolutism

question: Which two Americans travelled to Europe during the Enlightenment and actively contributed to the scienific and political debate?

answer: Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson

text: Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson

question: The ideals of the Enlightenment were incorporated into which two United States documents?

answer: Declaration of Independence and the Constitution

text: Declaration of Independence and the Constitution

question: Did the scientific revolution precede or follow the Age of Enlightenment?

answer: preceded

text: preceded


text: During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career in the post-war army stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother Milton Eisenhower, then a journalist at the Agriculture Department, he produced a guide to American battlefields in Europe. He then was assigned to the Army War College and graduated in 1928. After a one-year assignment in France, Eisenhower served as executive officer to General George V. Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to February 1933. Major Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College (Washington, DC) in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy).

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: army

text: stalled

text: somewhat

text: as

text: military

text: priorities

text: diminished

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: friends

text: resigned

text: for

text: high

text: paying

text: business

text: jobs

text: He

text: was

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Battle

text: Monuments

text: Commission

text: directed

text: by

text: General

text: Pershing

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: Milton

text: Eisenhower

text: then

text: a

text: journalist

text: at

text: the

text: Agriculture

text: Department

text: he

text: produced

text: a

text: guide

text: to

text: American

text: battlefields

text: in

text: Europe

text: He

text: then

text: was

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: Army

text: War

text: College

text: and

text: graduated

text: in

text: After

text: a

text: one

text: year

text: assignment

text: in

text: France

text: Eisenhower

text: served

text: as

text: executive

text: officer

text: to

text: General

text: George

text: V.

text: Mosely

text: Assistant

text: Secretary

text: of

text: War

text: from

text: to

text: February

text: Major

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: graduated

text: from

text: the

text: Army

text: Industrial

text: College

text: Washington

text: DC

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: served

text: on

text: the

text: faculty

text: it

text: was

text: later

text: expanded

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Industrial

text: College

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Services

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Dwight

text: D.

text: Eisenhower

text: School

text: for

text: National

text: Security

text: and

text: Resource

text: Strategy

question: Who was the head of the American Battle Monuments Commission during this period?

answer: Pershing

text: Pershing

question: During the 1920s, for what federal department did Milton Eisenhower work?

answer: Agriculture

text: Agriculture

question: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from the Army War College?

answer: 1928

question: What was the office held by George Mosely?

answer: Assistant Secretary of War

text: Assistant Secretary of War

question: What was Eisenhower's rank in 1933?

answer: Major

text: Major


text: One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could include one of several different types of keyboard instruments (e.g., pipe organ, harpsichord, or clavichord), additional stringed chordal instruments (e.g., a lute) and an unspecified number of bass instruments performing the basso continuo bassline, including bowed strings, woodwinds and brass instruments (e.g., a cello, contrabass, viol, bassoon, serpent, etc.).

title: Classical_music

title: Classical_music

text: One

text: major

text: difference

text: between

text: Baroque

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: classical

text: era

text: that

text: followed

text: it

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: types

text: of

text: instruments

text: used

text: in

text: ensembles

text: were

text: much

text: less

text: standardized

text: Whereas

text: a

text: classical

text: era

text: string

text: quartet

text: consists

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: of

text: two

text: violins

text: a

text: viola

text: and

text: a

text: cello

text: a

text: Baroque

text: group

text: accompanying

text: a

text: soloist

text: or

text: opera

text: could

text: include

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: keyboard

text: instruments

text: e.g.

text: pipe

text: organ

text: harpsichord

text: or

text: clavichord

text: additional

text: stringed

text: chordal

text: instruments

text: e.g.

text: a

text: lute

text: and

text: an

text: unspecified

text: number

text: of

text: bass

text: instruments

text: performing

text: the

text: basso

text: continuo

text: bassline

text: including

text: bowed

text: strings

text: woodwinds

text: and

text: brass

text: instruments

text: e.g.

text: a

text: cello

text: contrabass

text: viol

text: bassoon

text: serpent

text: etc

question: What was less standardized during the Baroque era?

answer: the types of instruments used in ensembles

text: the types of instruments used in ensembles

question: Two violins, a viola, and a cello make up what type of group?

answer: a classical era string quartet

text: a classical era string quartet

question: Keyboard instruments included the pip organ, harpsichord and what other instrument?

answer: clavichord

text: clavichord

question: What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period?

answer: a lute

text: a lute


text: A variety of games for the FDS were released by Nintendo (including some like Super Mario Bros. which had already been released on cartridge) and third party companies such as Konami and Taito. A few unlicensed titles were made as well. However, its limitations became quickly apparent as larger ROM chips were introduced, allowing cartridges with greater than 128k of space. More advanced memory management chips (MMC) soon appeared and the FDS quickly became obsolete. Nintendo also charged developers considerable amounts of money to produce FDS games, and many refused to develop for it, instead continuing to make cartridge titles. Many FDS disks have no dust covers (except in some unlicensed and bootleg variants) and are easily prone to getting dirt on the media. In addition, the drive use a belt which breaks frequently and requires invasive replacement. After only two years, the FDS was discontinued, although vending booths remained in place until 1993 and Nintendo continued to service drives, and to rewrite and offer replacement disks until 2003.

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System

text: A

text: variety

text: of

text: games

text: for

text: the

text: FDS

text: were

text: released

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: including

text: some

text: like

text: Super

text: Mario

text: Bros.

text: which

text: had

text: already

text: been

text: released

text: on

text: cartridge

text: and

text: third

text: party

text: companies

text: such

text: as

text: Konami

text: and

text: Taito

text: A

text: few

text: unlicensed

text: titles

text: were

text: made

text: as

text: well

text: However

text: its

text: limitations

text: became

text: quickly

text: apparent

text: as

text: larger

text: ROM

text: chips

text: were

text: introduced

text: allowing

text: cartridges

text: with

text: greater

text: than

text: of

text: space

text: More

text: advanced

text: memory

text: management

text: chips

text: MMC

text: soon

text: appeared

text: and

text: the

text: FDS

text: quickly

text: became

text: obsolete

text: Nintendo

text: also

text: charged

text: developers

text: considerable

text: amounts

text: of

text: money

text: to

text: produce

text: FDS

text: games

text: and

text: many

text: refused

text: to

text: develop

text: for

text: it

text: instead

text: continuing

text: to

text: make

text: cartridge

text: titles

text: Many

text: FDS

text: disks

text: have

text: no

text: dust

text: covers

text: except

text: in

text: some

text: unlicensed

text: and

text: bootleg

text: variants

text: and

text: are

text: easily

text: prone

text: to

text: getting

text: dirt

text: on

text: the

text: media

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: drive

text: use

text: a

text: belt

text: which

text: breaks

text: frequently

text: and

text: requires

text: invasive

text: replacement

text: After

text: only

text: two

text: years

text: the

text: FDS

text: was

text: discontinued

text: although

text: vending

text: booths

text: remained

text: in

text: place

text: until

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: continued

text: to

text: service

text: drives

text: and

text: to

text: rewrite

text: and

text: offer

text: replacement

text: disks

text: until

question: Nintendo charged producers hefty sums to make what?

answer: FDS games

text: FDS games

question: What did companies do instead of making FDS games?

answer: make cartridge titles

text: make cartridge titles

question: Many FDS disks lack what?

answer: dust covers

text: dust covers

question: What broke frequently and needed replacement in the machine?

answer: belt

text: belt

question: How long did Nintendo service drives and offer replacement disks?

answer: 2003

question: Nintendo didn't charge producers hefty sums to make what?

text: FDS

question: What did companies do while making FDS games?

text: make cartridge titles

question: Many FDS disks had what?

text: dust covers

question: What broke infrequently and needed replacement in the machine?

text: belt

question: How long did Atari service drives and offer replacement disks?


text: Paris has been an international capital of high fashion since the 19th century, particularly in the domain of haute couture, clothing hand-made to order for private clients. It is home of some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including Dior and Chanel, and of many well-known fashion designers, including Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Christophe Josse and Christian Lacroix. Paris Fashion Week, held in January and July in the Carrousel du Louvre and other city locations, is among the top four events of the international fashion calendar, along with the fashion weeks in Milan, London and New York. Paris is also the home of the world's largest cosmetics company, L'Oréal, and three of the five top global makers of luxury fashion accessories; Louis Vuitton, Hermés and Cartier.

title: Paris

title: Paris

text: Paris

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: international

text: capital

text: of

text: high

text: fashion

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: haute

text: couture

text: clothing

text: hand

text: made

text: to

text: order

text: for

text: private

text: clients

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: of

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: fashion

text: houses

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: including

text: Dior

text: and

text: Chanel

text: and

text: of

text: many

text: well

text: known

text: fashion

text: designers

text: including

text: Karl

text: Lagerfeld

text: Jean

text: Paul

text: Gaultier

text: Christophe

text: Josse

text: and

text: Christian

text: Lacroix

text: Paris

text: Fashion

text: Week

text: held

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: July

text: in

text: the

text: Carrousel

text: du

text: Louvre

text: and

text: other

text: city

text: locations

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: top

text: four

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: fashion

text: calendar

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: fashion

text: weeks

text: in

text: Milan

text: London

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: Paris

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: cosmetics

text: company

text: L'Oréal

text: and

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: top

text: global

text: makers

text: of

text: luxury

text: fashion

text: accessories

text: Louis

text: Vuitton

text: Hermés

text: and

text: Cartier

question: What is clothing made to order for private clients called?

answer: haute couture

text: haute couture

question: Dior is from which city?

answer: Paris

text: Paris

question: In what century did Paris become largely into fashion?

answer: 19th

question: What is the world's largest cosmetic company?

answer: L'Oréal

text: L'Oréal


text: Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.

title: States_of_Germany

title: States_of_Germany

text: Paragraph

text: of

text: Article

text: stated

text: that

text: if

text: a

text: petition

text: was

text: successful

text: a

text: referendum

text: should

text: be

text: held

text: within

text: three

text: years

text: Since

text: the

text: deadline

text: passed

text: on

text: May

text: without

text: anything

text: happening

text: the

text: Hesse

text: state

text: government

text: filed

text: a

text: constitutional

text: complaint

text: with

text: the

text: Federal

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: in

text: October

text: The

text: complaint

text: was

text: dismissed

text: in

text: July

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: Article

text: had

text: made

text: the

text: new

text: delimitation

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: territory

text: an

text: exclusively

text: federal

text: matter

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: Court

text: reaffirmed

text: the

text: requirement

text: for

text: a

text: territorial

text: revision

text: as

text: a

text: binding

text: order

text: to

text: the

text: relevant

text: constitutional

text: bodies

question: Paragraph 6 of Article 29 states that a referendum, in the event of a successful petition should be held within how many years?

answer: three

text: three

question: What did the Hesse state government due when the May 5, 1958 deadline passed?

answer: filed a constitutional complaint

text: filed a constitutional complaint

question: When was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed?

answer: July 1961

text: July 1961

question: On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed

answer: exclusively federal matter

text: exclusively federal matter

question: Which article claimed if a petition was successful there was no need for a referendum?

text: Article 29

question: Which government filed a request to change their constitution?

text: Hesse state

question: By who was the Hesse state government's complaint heard?

text: Federal Constitutional Court

question: Why did the constitutional court decide to hear the Hesse State complaint?

question: Who did the court tell they had a requirement to bind territorial revisions?

text: Hesse state


text: Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury v. Madison. There were protests by some at this decision, born chiefly of political expediency, but political realities in the particular case paradoxically restrained opposing views from asserting themselves. For this reason, precedent alone established the principle that a court may strike down a law it deems unconstitutional.

title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

text: Courts

text: check

text: both

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: and

text: the

text: legislative

text: branch

text: through

text: judicial

text: review

text: This

text: concept

text: is

text: not

text: written

text: into

text: the

text: Constitution

text: but

text: was

text: envisioned

text: by

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: 's

text: Framers

text: for

text: example

text: The

text: Federalist

text: Papers

text: mention

text: it

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: established

text: a

text: precedent

text: for

text: judicial

text: review

text: in

text: Marbury

text: v.

text: Madison

text: There

text: were

text: protests

text: by

text: some

text: at

text: this

text: decision

text: born

text: chiefly

text: of

text: political

text: expediency

text: but

text: political

text: realities

text: in

text: the

text: particular

text: case

text: paradoxically

text: restrained

text: opposing

text: views

text: from

text: asserting

text: themselves

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: precedent

text: alone

text: established

text: the

text: principle

text: that

text: a

text: court

text: may

text: strike

text: down

text: a

text: law

text: it

text: deems

text: unconstitutional

question: Who is responsible for judicial review?

answer: Courts

text: Courts

question: What is the court case that established judicial review?

answer: Marbury v. Madison

text: Marbury v. Madison

question: Through which type of review does the Constitution check the executive and legislative branches?

text: judicial review

question: In which case did the Constitution establish a precedent for judicial review?

text: Marbury v. Madison

question: Through which type of review does the President check the executive and legislative branches?

text: judicial review

question: In which case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for Federalist Papers?

text: Marbury v. Madison

question: What abolished the principle that a court could strike down unconstitutional laws?

text: precedent